Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Electron scattering data have been used to obtain transition charge densities for the low-lying E2 transitions in /sup 88/Sr, /sup 89/Y, and /sup 90/Zr. These charge densities show a characteristic shape indicative of their microscopic constituency, modified by core-polarization effects. A good description of transitions in the even-even nuclei is obtained by using the measured single-particle transitions in /sup 89/Y as effective densities. .ID LV2086 .PG 19 22

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Predictions for E2, M1, and M4 transition rates and moments, together with examples of transition-charge densities, are presented for states of N = 50 nuclei. These predictions are based on one-body spectroscopic amplitudes obtained from the wave functions of a new N = 50 shell-model calculation which incorporates the 0f/sub 5/2/, 1p/sub 3/2/, 1p/sub 1/2/, and 0g/sub 9/2/ single-particle orbits and an empirically determined effective Hamiltonian for this space. The predictions are compared with experimental data, first in order to evaluate how well the model space, as applied by this Hamiltonian, accounts for observations, and then to assess the importance of configurations excluded from the model space and to determine the values of the operator renormalizations (effective charges and effective g factors) which optimally map the theoretical ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... charge-exchange reactions dwba finite-range interactions helium 3 reactions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... astatine complexes astatine compounds coulomb energy effective charge

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

When energetic heavy ions traverse a medium, the amount of energy deposited by the ions is closely related to their effective charges. The charge-state fractions of these beams are obtained by solving rate equations for the electron loss and capture processes. By assuming local balance between electron loss and capture, the charge-state distributions, the averge equilibrium charge q, and other properties are obtained as functions of the incident beam velocity. The LET (linear energy transfer) of Ne and Ar ions with energies between 0.01 and 100 MeV/amu is calculatedted using their average equilibrium charge.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Presently, most charge state distributions produced with highly charged ion sources are predicted with models that approximate the ionization process with the Lotz formula. The Lotz ionization cross sections decrease approximately geometrically with increasing charge state except for ions with very few vacancies, for ions with very few electrons, and for electron impact energies which barely exceed the ionization energy. The geometrical decrease causes these models to predict a maximum abundance for most of the charge states, which is only weakly dependent on the charge state. Experimental results, however, yield much higher abundances for ions with an empty M shell than ions with a partly filled M shell. This difference is explained with indirect ionization processes that are neglected by the Lotz approximation, and normally can be neglected for the ionization of the L shell, but ...

CERN Document Server

Motivated by recent anomalous CDF data on $Wjj$ events, we study a possible explanation within the framework of the two-Higgs doublet model. We find that a charged Higgs boson of mass $\\sim$ 140 GeV with appropriate couplings can account for the observed excess. In addition, we consider the flavor-changing neutral current effects induced at loop level by the charged Higgs boson on the $B$ meson system to further constrain the model. Our study shows that the like-sign charge asymmetry $A_{s\\ell}^b$ can be of ${\\cal O}(10^{-3})$ in this scenario.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The magnetic #beta#-spectrometer of the #pi# #sq root#2 type with 0.07% pulse resolution is used to measure the intensities of interval conversion electrons on L- and M-subshells of 70.45 keV "1"7"7 Ta gamma-transition. The results are analyzed and the values of mixing parameter #sigma#(E2/M1) and penetration parameter #lambda# are obtained.

CERN Document Server

Monopolar charge disorder effects are studied in the context of fluctuation-induced interactions between neutral dielectric slabs. It is shown that quenched bulk charge disorder gives rise to an additive contribution to the net interaction force which decays as the inverse distance between dielectric surfaces. This effect may thus completely mask the standard Casimir--van der Waals effect. By contrast, annealed (bulk or surface) charge disorder leads to a net interaction force whose large-distance behavior coincides with the universal Casimir force between perfect conductors, which scales as inverse cubic distance, and the dielectric properties enter only in subleading corrections.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The general usefulness of neutron activation analysis (NAA) for samples containing the platinum group elements and Au, either as major or trace constituents, is discussed. Charged particle activation is shown to be a viable or complementary alternative. Proton (6-10 MeV) and alpha particle (9-15 MeV) beams, produced in a Tandem van de Graaff accelerator, have been established to be the most effective choice. By taking advantage of the Coulomb barrier effect and the fact that many charged particle induced reactions have relatively large threshold values, the same instrumental technique can be applied, with minor modifications, to a wide range of materials.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We have determined the nuclear charge radius of 11Li by high-precision laser spectroscopy. The experiment was performed at the TRIUMF-ISAC facility where the 7Li-11Li isotope shift was measured in the 2s to 3s electronic transition using Doppler-free two-photon spectroscopy with a relative accuracy better than 10 5. The accuracy reached in previous experiments on the other lithium isotopes was improved. Most of the isotope shifts measured in the experiment are due to difference in the mass of the nuclei but small contributions are produced by the change in proton distribution, QED and relativistic effects have to be taken into account as well. By comparing the experimental results with sophisticated atomic calculations of the mass dependent effect the nuclear charge radii of the lithium isotopes are found to decrease monotonically from 6Li to 9Li while the nuclear charge radius of ...

Science.gov (United States)

Glycyrrhiza glabra root is one of the common traditional Chinese medicines and used as flavoring and sweetening agents for tobaccos, chewing gums, candies, toothpaste and beverages. While glycyrrhizin is one of the main components in the extract of G. glabra root and has been characterized, the other components have not been well characterized. The mechanism of growth activation of breast cancer MCF-7 cells, including the activation of Erk1/2 and Akt, and the transcriptional regulation of estrogen-responsive genes, was examined by means of sulforhodamine B, luciferase reporter gene, real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting assays after the induction of the cells with the extract of G. glabra root. The extract has similar activity to that induced by 17beta-estradiol (E(2)), although glycyrrhizin did not show such an activity. Moreover, the estrogen receptor alpha-dependent neurite outgrowth induced by the extract was similar to that by ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Electron charge distributions are presented for Nb_3Ge, Nb_3Al, and two other hypothetical A-15 structures. Results indicate that the bonding in these materials is mainly metallic in character with some covalentlike bonding between Nb-chain atoms. We find significant coupling between neighboring chains and also between chain atoms and atoms at the cubic site. Comparison is made with various theoretical models. Investigation of the charge character of states near E/sub F/ suggests further developments in current theories on the structural transformation of A-15 compounds. The effect of chain dimerization on electronic states and charge distribution of Nb_3Ge is also investigated.

Science.gov (United States)

Electron charge distributions are presented for Nb/sub 3/Ge, Nb/sub 3/Al, and two other hypothetical A-15 structures. Results indicate that the bonding in these materials is mainly metallic in character with some covalentlike bonding between Nb-chain atoms. We find significant coupling between neighboring chains and also between chain atoms and atoms at the cubic site. Comparison is made with various theoretical models. Investigation of the charge character of states near E/sub F/ suggests further developments in current theories on the structural transformation of A-15 compounds. The effect of chain dimerization on electronic states and charge distribution of Nb/sub 3/Ge is also investigated.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The primary charge separation in photosynthetic bacteria generates a dimeric bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) cation and a bacteriopheophytin (BPheo) anion which lie within close proximity of each other (approx. 10 A). The two radicals also lie within van der Waals contact on opposite sides of a lone BChl bridging molecule. Spectral changes in the red (Q/sub y/) band of the bridge BChls have been observed on picosecond time scales following excitation of the reaction center (RC) and have been variously attributed to the formation of a BChl anion, to a charge-transfer state, or to electrochromic effects. They present calculations here which suggest that electrochromic effects caused by the photogenerated cation and/or anion can rationalize the optical changes observed in the flash photolyses as well as in trapping experiments.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Flowsheets for the dissolution of aluminum-clad spent nuclear fuel have been proposed using 0.002 M mercuric nitrate catalyst in 5 to 6 M nitric acid. Previous calculations for flammable gas control during the dissolution of spent nuclear fuel have been extended to cover a range of dissolver purge rates from 40 to 55 scfm. A range of dissolver solution volumes from 12000 to 15000 liters were considered for the large H-Canyon dissolver (6.4D). Depending on the purge rate, anywhere from four to six bundles of MURR fuel can be initially charged to the dissolver (6.4D). For successive charges where the dissolver solution already contains 0.002 M mercury catalyst and the dissolved aluminum from five bundles of MURR fuel, five to nine bundles of additional fuel can be charged depending on the purge rate and the dissolver solution volume. Similar calculations have been performed for the small H-Canyon dissolver (6.1D) for solution ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Transport of negative ion beams through plasma is reviewed. The effect of space charge on beam stability and beam emittance is discussed. The approaches to the beam transport problem developed at Los Alamos, Berkeley, Oak Ridge and Culham Laboratory are intercompared. (AIP)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The aim of this paper is to investigate the total ionizing dose (TID) radiation effects on MOS capacitor with nitride/oxide stack gate. The stack gate MOS capacitors are fabricated with 20 nm oxide, 40 nm nitride or 110 nm nitride respectively. Through the analysis of CV curve of the irradiation capacitors, it is found that the degradation of the CV curve is due to a significant increase of interface traps and somewhat smaller oxide charge. It is also shown that the thicker of the nitride, more interface traps and oxide charge will be occurred. (authors)

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The cell cycle-regulatory transcription factor E2F-1 is regulated by interactions with proteins such as the retinoblastoma gene product and by cell cycle-dependent alterations in E2F-1 mRNA abundance....Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Classical semiconductor physics has been continuously improving electronic components such as diodes, light-emitting diodes, solar cells and transistors based on highly purified inorganic crystals over the past decades. Organic semiconductors, notably polymeric, are a comparatively young field of research, the first light-emitting diode based on conjugated polymers having been demonstrated in 1990. Polymeric semiconductors are of tremendous interest for high-volume, low-cost manufacturing (''printed electronics''). Due to their rather simple device structure mostly comprising only one or two functional layers, polymeric diodes are much more difficult to optimize compared to small-molecular organic devices. Usually, functions such as charge injection and transport are handled by the same material which thus needs to be highly optimized. The present work contributes to expanding the knowledge on the physical mechanisms determining ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We describe exact cosmological solutions with rotation and expansion in the low-energy effective string theory. These models are spatially homogeneous (closed Bianchi type IX) and they belong to the family of shear-free metrics which are causal (no closed timelike curves are allowed), admit no parallax effects and do not disturb the isotropy of the background radiation. The dilaton and the axion fields are nontrivial, in general, and we consider both cases with and without the central charge (effective cosmological constant).

CERN Document Server

We discuss three possible ways to address quantum physics behind chiral magnetic effect and electric charge fluctuation patterns in heavy ion collisions. The first one makes use of P-parity violation probed by local order parameters, the second considers CME in quantum measurement theory framework and the third way is to study P-odd * P-odd contributions to P-even observables. In the latter approach relevant form-factor is extracted and computed for weak magnetic field in confinement region and for free quarks in strong field regime. It is shown that the effect is negligible in the former case. We also discuss saturation effect - charge fluctuation asymmetry for free fermions reaches constant value at asymptotically large fields.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An LPP ignition timing control is described for an internal combustion engine including a combustion chamber, means effective to ignite a combustible charge within the combustion chamber and power output apparatus including a rotating crankshaft driven in response to the expansion of the combustible charge following the ignition thereof and having a predefined TDC rotational reference position, the engine being of the type having a normal combustion mode characterized by combustion pressure peaks compatible with closed loop LPP ignition timing control and an abnormal combustion mode which may not be so compatible.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Electrostatic separation has already proved to be an effective means for the recycling of granular plastics from industrial wastes. The aim of the present work was to optimize the operation of a novel device that could ensure effective triboelectric charging of such materials prior to their selective sorting in a high-intensity electric field. The experiments were performed on two sorts of mm-size granular materials Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene and High Impact Polystyrene, originating from the processing of waste electric and electronic equipment. The samples were introduced in a Polyvinyl Chloride cylinder, where a co-axial propeller entrained the plastic granules into a helical motion that favored their triboelectric charging by combining the mechanical and aerodynamical effects. The ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A highly efficiency partial smoothing method is proposed to be used for inverters for 40W class household fluorescent inverters. In this system, the input current from the commercial AC power source is accumulated in a capacitor with comparatively small capacity as the electric charge, and then the lamp circuit is driven by the inverter utilizing the charging voltage of the capacitor and the charging voltage of the separately prepared partial smoothing capacitor. By this method, the RF harmonic components in the supply current can be decreased to improve the power factor with no complicated feedback controlling device. In addition, comparatively small capacity coils and capacitors can be used. The structure of the circuit and the operation of this proposed method are described, and the operational characteristic of the prototype circuit and the result of analysis are shown. Furthermore, problems and improving method of the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chemical influences on the relative Ksub(#nu#)/Ksub(#alpha#) x-ray intensity ratio up to five per cent were found for different chemical constitutions of Cr, Mn, Fe and Cu by very precise PIXE measurements. In the discussion of these effects, screening of 3p electrons by a varying 3d valence charge, as well as polarisational effects are of importance. (author).

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of estrogen-induced breast carcinogenesis remain unclear. The present study investigated the roles of estrogen metabolism and oxidative stress in estrogen-mediated mammary carcinogenesis in vivo. Female August Copenhagen Irish (ACI) rats were treated with 17b-estradiol (E2), the antioxidant vitamin C, the estrogen metabolic inhibitor a-naphthoflavone (ANF), or cotreated with E2 + vitamin C or E2 + ANF for up to 8 months. E2 (3 mg) was administered as an subcutaneous implant, ANF was given via diet (0.2%) and vitamin C (1%) was added to drinking water. At necropsy, breast tumor incidence in the E2, E2 + vitamin C and E2 + ANF groups was 82, 29 and 0%, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yields of light fission products (A = 68, 70-84, 87, 88, 94, 96, 98, 102 and 106-108), their kinetic energies and nuclear charge distributions (A 71-84, 87 and 88) in the thermal neutron induced fission of the odd-Z nucleus {sup 242m}Am(Z = 95) were measured using the mass-separator Lohengrin at the Institute Laue-Langevin in Grenoble (France). The mass yield curve shows a fine structure at A = 70, probably due to shell and/or odd-even effects affecting also the nuclear charge distribution. The analysis of isotopic chain yields gives evidence for a very low excitation energy of the lightest fission fragments observed. A preferential formation of fragments with even Z is found for this odd-Z compound nucleus. Calculated values for the local odd-even effect are comparable with those for the neighbouring even-Z fissile nuclides and increase from 13% to 30% with increasing asymmetry of the mass split (A{sub ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This book presents the basic ideas of the physics of non-gravitational perturbations and the mathematics required to compute their orbital effects. It conveys the relevance of the different problems that must be solved to achieve a given level of accuracy in orbit determination and in recovery of geophysically significant parameters. Selected Contents are: Orders of Magnitude of the Perturbing Forces, Tides and Apparent Forces, Tools from Celestial Mechanics, Solar Radiation Pressure-Direct Effects: Satellite-Solar Radiation Interaction, Long-Term Effects on Semi-Major Axis, Radiation Pressure-Indirect Effects: Earth-Reflected Radiation Pressure, Anisotropic Thermal Emission, Drag: Orbital Perturbations by a Drag-Like Force, and Charged Particle Drag.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The 5'-terminal structures of human adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) early region 2 (E2) mRNA were investigated. The E2 transcription unit has several interesting properties, including the presence of a TATA-like...Full Text Available

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In this study, the effect of intake charge dilution with carbon dioxide on the combustion and emission characteristics of a 4-cylinder direct-injection diesel engine fueled with biodiesel, ethanol-biodiesel and methanol-biodiesel were investigated. With increase of intake CO"2 concentration, CO, HC, particulate mass concentration, particle number concentration and geometric diameter (GMD) of all fuels increased while NO"x decreased obviously. After addition of methanol and ethanol in biodiesel, the NO"x, particulate mass concentration and particle number concentration decreased at each intake CO"2 concentration, compared with biodiesel. Moreover, as the intake CO"2 concentration increased from 2% to 5.6%, particulate mass concentration of the alcohol-biodiesel blends remained almost unchan...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Muonic-atom energy levels and wave functions are calculated. The results are corrected for nearly all important static effects, including finite nuclear size as produced by a user-specified nuclear charge distribution. Fourth-order Runge-Kutta integration of the radial Dirac equations, with the secant method determining the eigenvalues. Corrections are either included as potentials in the Dirac equations or computed as first-order perturbations. The code assumes spherical symmetry, so that effects of nuclear deformation may be treated only as static first-order perturbations. Dynamic muon-electron and muon-nuclear effects are neglected (the latter are calculated by RURP). (Auth.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A method of augmenting heat transfer in the interior of a fluid or from the interface of a solid in contact to a fluid by utilizing electro hydrodynamic (EHD) phenomena has the following advantages: the heat transfer can be effected by using a relatively small, light-weight high voltage source and some simple structural members; no vibration and noise are generated; the method has a control function to control heat transfer by adjustment of field and voltage; and this method is effective in cost-saving. It is mass transfer by the electric force caused by interaction between true charges or polarized charges in a fluid and external electric filed that plays an important role in most of such heat transfer augmentation methods by EHD. Examples of heat transfer augmentation by EHD phenomena include electricaly induced convection, contribution of EHD effect to heat transfer accompanied ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Phenomenological accountancy of quanta-electrodynamic corrections by means of introduction into multielectron theory of short-term potential, the parameters whereof are calibrated in such a way that provides for correct reproduction of the Lamb shift of the 1s-orbital energy for a correspondingly selected effective charge is developed by example of d-line of Na-like multicharged ions.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The study by impedance and photoelectrochemical measurements of passive films formed on an AISI 304 type stainless steel shows that important parameters of the electronic structure of these films are modified under ..cap alpha.. irradiation, namely: width of the space charge region, donors concentration and diffusion length for minority carriers. The consequences of ..cap alpha.. irradiation on localized corrosion processes are discussed.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Tthe acceleration of a liquid from a cylindrical container by the products of instantaneous detonation of a superimposed explosive charge (implosion method) is studies numerically in a two-dimensional formulation. Analytical formulas for the asymptotic velocities of liquid expansion and acceleration of the container body were obtained using numerical calculations in a one-dimensional approximation. The effect of the fracture of the body on the velocity of liquid expansion was studied in a two-dimensional formulation.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The modification of a turbocharged diesel engine to a dual-fuel engine using methane as the supplementary fuel has been carried out. The effect of the gaseous fuel in a turbo-charged diesel engine has been investigated by means of a heat release study and a computer program already developed at Leicester Polytechnic. It is used in order to examine the rate of heat released under any operational condition.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A series of N-carbazolyl-substituted silane homo- and copolymers has been prepared by Wurtz coupling. Doping with iodine on these copolymer films increases the electrical conductivity to the range 10{sup -6}-10{sup -3} S cm{sup -1}. The conductivity depends strongly on the composition of the copolymer; it reaches the maximum value for N-carbazolyl-substituted silane homopolymer. The effects of carbazolyl group on conductivity and charge transport mechanisms in the polymer are discussed. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has been shown to increase the synthesis of hyaluronic acid in cultured fibroblasts by increasing the activity of hyaluronate synthetase, a group of plasma membrane-bound synthetic enzymes. We examined whether PGE2 also increased the activity of those enzyme systems involved in the synthesis of sulfated glycosaminoglycan in the human embryonic lung fibroblast. Exposure of cells to PGE2 resulted in dose-dependent increases in glucosamine incorporation into all sulfated glycosaminoglycan subtypes. PGE2 at 10(-7) mol/L increased total glycosaminoglycan per dish to 21.6 +/- 3.1 micrograms versus 12.0 +/- 2.5 micrograms in control untreated cultures. Stimulation of endogenous PGE2 production by bradykinin had a similar effect on glycosaminoglycan synthesis. To examine whether PGE2 affected sulfated glycosaminoglycan protein core production, cells were labeled with tritiated glucosamine in the presence of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Bragg-curve detector of the parallel plate ionization chamber type generates a signal that is a distorted replica of the original Bragg-curve. In result of this distortion, the signal peak height is not only a function of the atomic number of the heavy ion, as it is often stated, but also of the particle mass. This mass effect was studied with the aid of computer simulation, and it was found to be dependent on the Frisch grid to anode gap width and on the detector gas. The charge resolution of the detector is affected very significantly by this mass dependence of the signal peak height. Therefore, a careful selection of the detector gas and the grid to anode gap width is necessary, if good charge resolution over a wide range of heavy ions is required.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In the PV system with storage batteries, as a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) device is used to enhance battery charging, the enhancement must be greater than the internal loss of the device itself, or there will be no net gain at all. To evaluate the MPPT device benefits under different climate, the theoretical calculation models have been constructed. By simulation, a comparative study between two types of PV charge controllers with and without a MPPT device under different atmospheric conditions was presented. The comparison was made by means of the energy production obtained from the PV generator of each system. The climatic conditions of Beijing and Guangzhou in China have been regarded. From the results obtained it can be concluded that the effectiveness of the MPPT device in Guangzhou is not very obvious, however the MPPT device did greatly enhance the output in Beijing in the winter. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mott-Schottky (M-S) analysis is an effective approach to investigate the electronic property of passive films of metals, and it is well suitable for the passive film with single space charge capacitance. But there is no proper method to analyze the C{sub sc}{sup -2} vs. V{sub m} plots of passive films with several space charge capacitances in series connection, such as bipolar passive films. In this paper, the relationship between the space charge capacitance of the bipolar passive film and the applied potential was deduced and the features of corresponding plots were given out simultaneously. Accordingly, a non-linear fitting method was presented to analyze the C{sub sc}{sup -2} vs. V{sub m} plots of bipolar passive films. Then the method was used to study the semiconductor characteristics of bipolar passive films formed on the surface of Nickel base alloy after being corroded in the environments with ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The single-electrode capacitance of a nano-porous carbon electrode used as an electric double layer capacitor was measured. The charged state of the electrolyte ion was discussed from the results. Single-electrode capacitance was not proportional to the specific surface area of the electrode. This implies that the whole surface of the electrode is not effective for the formation of an electric double layer. It is considered that edge orientation of the carbon structure would give a dominant contribution to capacitance. For measurements with aqueous solutions of various electrolytes, capacitance was about the same value for each salt compound. For aqueous acid solution, on the other hand, capacitance was twice to three times as large as that for salt compounds. This difference, however, became negligibly small if the concentration of electrolyte solution was lowered. Taking account of the hydrated ionic radius of each ion, it was considered that ...

Science.gov (United States)

Proceeding from laboratory and pilot plant tests of the screening of fine classes of coal under the effect of gravitational forces on stationary grates, and also from the experience of the Krivoi Rog and Kommunarsk Coke Works (1,2), the coal preparation division of OKhMK (Orsk-Khalilovo Integrated Iron and Steel Works) adopted an industrial scheme of comminution of coal before coking, screening out the fine classes ahead of the hammer crushers. In the bottom of the feeder chute a stamped screen was installed (dimensions 2100 X 1600 X 5 mm with apertures of 40 X 100 mm) with the large side perpendicular to the flow of coal. The distance between the apertures on the small side of the screen was 20 mm, on the large side 15 mm; the inclination was 60/sup 0/. The overscreen product enters the crusher, and the underscreen product is injected into the crushed charge without comminution. The improvement in the uniformity of the granulometric and ...

CERN Document Server

Recently the D{\\O} Collaboration reported an observation of like-sign charge asymmetry (CA), which is about $3.2 \\sigma$ deviation from the standard model (SM) prediction. Inspired by the observation we investigate the scalar unparticle effects, under the color charge of $SU(3)_c$ symmetry, in the CP violation in neutral B meson oscillations as well as the dispersive and absorptive parts of $\\bar B_q\\leftrightarrow B_q$ transition, which can be related to the CA directly. In order to illustrate the peculiar properties of unparticle, our analysis is carried out in two scenarios for the right-handed section: (I) $\\lambda_R=\\lambda_L$ and $U_D^R=U_D^L$, where $\\lambda_{L,R}$ and $U_D^{L,R}$ are the couplings and flavor mixing matrix of left- and right-handed section, respectively; (II) $\\lambda_R >> \\lambda_L$ and $U_D^R$ is completely a free parameter. In scenario I we found that the wrong- and like-sign CA ...

Science.gov (United States)

The aim for deterministic control of the interactions between macroions in aqueous media has motivated widespread experimental and theoretical work. Although it has been well established that like-charged macromolecules can aggregate under the influence of oppositely charged condensing agents, the specific conditions for the stability of such aggregates can only be determined empirically. We examine these conditions, which involve an interplay of electrostatic and osmotic effects, by using a well defined model system composed of F-actin, an anionic rod-like polyelectrolyte, and lysozyme, a cationic globular protein with a charge that can be genetically modified. The structure and stability of actin-lysozyme complexes for different lysozyme charge mutants and salt concentrations are examined by using synchrotron x-ray scattering and molecular dynamics simulations. We provide evidence ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Four general topics are covered in respect to the natural space radiation environment: (1) particles trapped by the earth`s magnetic field, (2) cosmic rays, (3) radiation environment inside a spacecraft, (4) laboratory radiation sources. The interaction of radiation with materials is described by ionization effects and displacement effects. Total-dose effects on MOS devices is discussed with respect to: measurement techniques, electron-hole yield, hole transport, oxide traps, interface traps, border traps, device properties, case studies and special concerns for commercial devices. Other device types considered for total-dose effects are SOI devices and nitrided oxide devices. Lastly, single event phenomena are discussed with respect to charge collection mechanisms and hard errors. (GHH)

Science.gov (United States)

... GUN PROPELLANTS, GUN CHAMBERS, PROPELLANT GRAINS, HOWITZERS, COMBUSTIBLE CARTRIDGE CASES, ZONE CHARGES. ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Total-dose irradiation seriously damages MOS devices and their circuit performance. Threshold voltage shifts, transconductance degradation and increase in off-state leakage current are generally observed for irradiated devices. These instabilities are essentially due to positive and/or negative charge trapping in SiO_2 and interface trap generation at the SiO_2/Si interface. Radiation hardening of CMOS VLSIs is to eliminate these trapping effects, and for this purpose, special considerations for fabrication processes and layout design are necessary. In this paper, basic mechanisms for radiation-induced charge trapping and related effects on MOS devices are reviewed. Also discussed are radiation-hardening technologies from both fabrication-process and layout-design viewpoints. Using these technologies, 1 #mu#m radiation-hard CMOS gate arrays have been successfully developed. Experimental data taken for ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Downregulation of anterior pituitary GnRH-receptors by application of a slow release GnRH-implant offers an effective and reversible alternative to surgical castration of the male dog. Aim of the present study was to test the efficacy and the underlying mechanisms of a new non-biodegradable controlled-release device implant (Gonazon, Intervet, containing 18.5mg of the GnRH-agonist Azagly-Nafarelin). Eight male beagle dogs were implanted s.c. at the para-umbilical region. In four dogs implant removal was after 180 days (group 1), in the other four dogs after 365 days (group 2). Eleven weeks after implantation availability of LH was reduced (p<0.0001) by 70%. After an initial increase lasting for about 4 days, testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) concentrations decreased (p<0.0001) to basal l...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The inducible transcription factor NF-#kappa#B regulates divergent signaling pathways including inflammatory response and cancer development. Selective inhibitors for NF-#kappa#B signaling are potentially useful for treatment of inflammation and cancer. NF-#kappa#B is canonically activated by preferential disposal of its inhibitory protein; I#kappa#B, which suppresses the nuclear translocation of NF-#kappa#B. I#kappa#B#alpha# (a major member of I#kappa#B family proteins) is phosphorylated with an I#kappa#B kinase (IKK) and subsequently polyubiquitylated by SCF"#beta#"T"r"C"P"1 ubiquitin-ligase in the presence of E1 and E2 prior to proteasomal degradation. Here, we describe a novel inhibitor termed GS143, which suppressed I#kappa#B#alpha# ubiquitylation, but not I#kappa#B#alpha# phosphorylation, MDM2-directed p53 ubiquitylation, and proteasome activity in vitro. GS143 markedly suppressed the destruction of I#kappa#B#alpha# stimulated by ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Using a series of polycations synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), we investigate the effects of the polymer charge density and hydrophobicity on salt-induced interdiffusion of polymer layers within polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) films. Polycations with two distinct hydrophobicities and various quaternization degrees (QPDMA and QPDEA) were derived from parent polymers of matched molecular weights poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMA) and poly(2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDEA) by quaternization with either methyl or ethyl sulfate. Multilayers of these polycations with polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) were assembled in low-salt conditions, and annealed in NaCl solutions to induce layer intermixing. As revealed by neutron reflectometry (NR), polycations with lower charge density resulted in a faster decay of film structure with distance from the substrate. Interestingly, when comparing ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Three kinds of surface modifications were carried out on LiNi{sub 1/2}Mn{sub 3/2}O{sub 4} thin-films to improve the charge and discharge characteristics of LiNi{sub 1/2}Mn{sub 3/2}O{sub 4} positive electrodes. Among them, Zr(OBu){sub 4}/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-treated LiNi{sub 1/2}Mn{sub 3/2}O{sub 4} thin-film electrodes showed charge and discharge efficiency of 80-84% in the first cycle, which was much higher than that for an untreated LiNi{sub 1/2}Mn{sub 3/2}O{sub 4} thin-film electrode (73%). The values of the charge and discharge efficiency were still higher than that for an untreated electrode after the 30th cycle. The charge and discharge curves gave two plateaus at around 4.72 and 4.76 V, which were very similar to those for the untreated electrode. Ac impedance spectroscopy revealed that the surface film resistance should not increase by Zr(OBu){sub 4}/PMMA treatment. XPS measurements ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We investigate the efficacy of mitigating radiation-based single event effects (SEE) within circuits incorporating SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) built with an N-Ring, a transistor-level layout-based radiation hardened by design (RHBD) technique. Previous work of single-device ion-beam induced charge collection (IBICC) studies has demonstrated significant reductions in peak collector charge collection and sensitive area for charge collection; however, few circuit studies using this technique have been performed. Transient studies performed with Sandia National Laboratory's (SNL) 36 MeV 16O microbeam on voltage references built with N-Ring SiGe HBTs have shown mixed results, with reductions in the number of large voltage disruptions in addition to new sensitive areas of low-level output voltage disturbances. Similar discrepancies between device-level IBICC results and circuit measurements ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The percolated or active triple phase boundary (TPB) length per unit volume of Ni-YSZ anode hollow fibers (HFs) containing 60wt.% initial NiO and a spatially varying microstructure were measured using a focused ion beam (FIB)-SEM technique. The measured values of contiguous TPB density were interfaced with a 2-D distributed finite element model of a hollow fiber solid oxide fuel cell. The model was applied to simultaneously solve the ionic and electronic charge balances in the electrodes, which were modelled as overlying continuum materials with effective electronic and ionic conductivities. The model was used to predict the effects of anode microstructure on the distribution of current density, and anode activation polarization. Active TPB lengths of 2.63-8.63 m^-^2 were measured for the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Time-resolved characterizations of electron beams using optical transition radiation (OTR) as a prompt conversion mechanism have recently been extended on the Los Alamos Free-electron Laser (FEL) facility 40-MeV linac. Two key timescales for rf-linac driven FELs are the micropulse (10 ps) and the macropulse (5 {mu}s to 1 ms). In the past we have used gated, intensified cameras to select a single or few micropulses (25 to 400 ns gate width) out of the pulse train to evaluate submacropulse effects. Recently, we have obtained some of the first measurements of micropulse bunch length (7 to 10 ps) and submacropulse spatialposition and profile using OTR and a Hamamatsu streak camera. Additionally, micropulse elongation effects and head-to-tail transverse kick effects are reported as a function of charge.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The conceptual design for a cyclotron that could possibly deliver a 10 MW proton beam, presented at the previous ADTT conference, is discussed in comparison with the operational experience gained with 0.9 MW beam power in the upgraded cyclotron facility at PSI that has reached the design goal of 1.5 mA at 590 MeV in 1995. Some critical aspects of the design are e.g. RF power and beam loading, beam loss and activation, space charge effects and bunching. 12 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.

CERN Document Server

We present investigations of the potential between static charges from a simulation of quantum gravity coupled to an SU(2) gauge field on 6^{3}\\times 4 and 8^{3}\\times 4 simplicial lattices. In the well-defined phase of the gravity sector where geometrical expectation values are stable, we study the correlations of Polyakov loops and extract the corresponding potentials between a source and sink separated by a distance R. In the confined phase, the potential has a linear form while in the deconfined phase, a screened Coulombic behavior is found. Our results indicate that quantum gravitational effects do not destroy confinement due to non-abelian gauge fields.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Polarized antiprotons produced by spin filtering with an internal polarized gas target provide access to a wealth of single- and double-spin observables, thereby opening a window to physics uniquely accessible with the HESR at FAIR. This includes a first measurement of the transversity distribution of the valence quarks in the proton, and a first measurement of the moduli and the relative phase of the time-like electric and magnetic form factors G{sub E,M} of the proton. In polarized and unpolarized pp-bar elastic scattering open questions like the contribution from the odd charge-symmetry Landshoff-mechanism at large |t| and spin-effects in the extraction of the forward scattering amplitude at low |t| can be addressed.

CERN Document Server

The BESS-Polar spectrometer had its first successful balloon flight over Antarctica in December 2004. During the 8.5-day long-duration flight, almost 0.9 billion events were recorded and 1,520 antiprotons were detected in the energy range 0.1-4.2 GeV. In this paper, we report the antiproton spectrum obtained, discuss the origin of cosmic-ray antiprotons, and use antiprotons to probe the effect of charge sign dependent drift in the solar modulation.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tests have been conducted on a special compression ignition research engine to investigate the effects of gaseous fuels on the ignition delay in dual fuel engines. Diesel oil, n-heptane, or cetane were used as pilot fuels, and hydrogen, carbon monoxide, or methane were inducted in the intake manifold. Induction of nitrogen was used as a reference to eliminate the influence of changes in oxygen concentration and specific heats. Helium was inducted in additional tests. From the results of a number of parameter variations, the cylinder charge temperature (determined by intake temperature and compression ratio), the pilot fuel amount, and the flow of combustible gas were found to have the most significant influence on the ignition delay.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A technique for calculation of the total weight of quark clusters-fluctons: in nuclei is developed. Blokhintsev's formula is justified microscopically and refined by introduction of spin-charge and quark factors. It is shown that the large values of the correlation radius (R/sub C/approx. =0.75 fm or 1.0 fm) derived from experimental data in various papers using this formula correspond to )similarreverse arrowto)2.5 times smaller internucleon distances in the flucton (0.3--0.4 fm), i.e., the hardness of fluctons is caused by unsuppressed manifestation of hidden color at such distances (the corresponding probabilities are presented)

Science.gov (United States)

A review of the development and performance of the DAF Indal 50-kW vertical axis Darrieus wind turbine shows that a high level of technical development and reliability has been achieved. Features of the drive train, braking and control systems are discussed and performance details are presented. Details are also presented of a 500-kW VAWT that is currently in production. A discussion of the economics of both the 50-kW and 500-kW VAWTs is included, showing the effects of charge rate, installed cost, operating cost, performance, and efficiency. 6 references.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this paper we report on multi-physics, multi-billion macroparticle simulation of beam transport in a free electron laser (FEL) linac for future light source applications. The simulation includes a self-consistent calculation of 3D space-charge effects, short-range geometry wakefields, longitudinal coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) wakefields, and detailed modeling of RF acceleration and focusing. We discuss the need for and the challenges associated with such large-scale simulation. Applications to the study of the microbunching instability in an FEL linac are also presented.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

To achieve high efficiency for the conversion of electron kinetic energy in an electron beam to electromagnetic energy in a Free Electron Laser (FEL), it is important to improve the beam quality. And hence, it is necessary to study and minimize the emittance growth of the beam. According to the requirements for the beam quality in an FEL, the author analyzed the emittance growth caused by the jump of the electric field in an accelerator, energy increase, wakefield in a waveguide, space charge effect and distribution of particles in a beam as well as the wakefield in a deflect system etc. The author also estimated the emittance change caused by the variation of the microwave field from the gun to the first accelerator for such case.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lifetimes have been measured for dipole bands in {sup 142}Gd using DSAM. The deduced B(M1) and B(E2) values as well as B(M1)/B(E2) ratios are compared with calculations in the framework of the TAC (Tilted Axis Cranking) and SPAC (shears mechanism with Principal Axis Cranking) models. The dipole bands DB1 to DB4 can be interpreted as magnetic rotational bands. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This thesis presents the study of the slowing down process of fast heavy ions inside matter. In the framework of this research, the influence of the target density on the stopping process is investigated. Experiments on the interaction of {sup 48}Ca{sup 6+}-{sup 48}Ca{sup 10+} and {sup 26}Mg{sup 5+} ion beams with initial energies of 11.4 MeV/u and 5.9 MeV/u with solid and gaseous targets have been carried out. A novel diagnostic method, X-ray spectroscopy of K-shell projectile radiation, is used to determine the ion charge state in relation to its velocity during the penetration of fast heavy ions inside the stopping material. A spatially resolved analysis of the projectile and target radiation in solids is achieved for the first time. The application of low-density silica aerogels as stopping media provided a stretching of the ion stopping length by 20 - 100 times in comparison with solid quartz. The Doppler Effect observed on the projectile ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The nuclear interaction probability of light charged particles in BaF[sub 2] crystals has been studied as a function of the incident particle energy. Light charged particles were identified in charge and mass by measuring their magnetic rigidity and their time-of-flight. The percentage of particles undergoing nuclear interactions has been measured for particles of charge from Z=1 to Z=6 and the experimental data are compared with the results of a model calculation. (orig.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Space particles act on semiconductor devices by creating charges (electrons, holes) in the silicon and the silicon dioxide, and by creating displacement damage. These primary phenomena alter the electrical parameters of MOS and bipolar devices (threshold voltage V_t, mobility #mu#, conductivity #sigma#, current gain #beta#). The dose rate is not important in space (a few rad (Si)/h) but as the durations of space expeditions are on average from seven to twelve years, the total dose is an aggravating factor in the behaviour of the electrical parameters and also in device operation. The total dose effect from the beginning of charge creation (ionization) to the parameter shifts is reviewed. One can note that this effect is permanent because there will almost always be charge creation in space. Another important phenomenon is called the Single Event Upset (S.E.U.) and caused by the ...

Science.gov (United States)

Overviews, publications, and new directions are presented for the following research topics: geminate charge pairs in hexane, dipoles in nonpolar and polar organic liquids, organic donor-acceptor interfaces, and charge-transfer states (phenanthrene/PMDA).

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Charge reduction electrospray mass spectrometry (CREMS) reduces the charge states of electrospray-generated ions, which concentrates the ions from a protein into fewer peaks spread over a larger...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Time-resolved characterizations of electron beams using optical transition radiation (OTR) as a prompt conversion mechanism have recently been extended on the Los Alamos Free-electron Laser (FEL) facility 40-MeV linac. Two key timescales for rf-linac driven FELs are the micropulse (10 ps) and the macropulse (5 {mu}s to 1 ms). In the past we have used gated, intensified cameras to select a single or few micropulses (25 to 400 ns gate width) out of the pulse train to evaluate submacropulse effects. Recently, we have obtained some of the first measurements of micropulse bunch length (7 to 10 ps) and submacropulse spatial position and profile using OTR and a Hamamatsu streak camera. Additionally, micropulse elongation effects and head-to-tail transverse kicks are reported as a function of charge.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A detailed treatment is introduced to measure the dynamic stability of the relativistic electrons in a self-amplified spontaneous emission free-electron laser (FEL) system, which includes the numerical approach of the Kolmogorov entropy (entropy-like quantity), the general equations of motion for a charged particle and the method of monitoring the simulation accuracy. Numerical experiments reveal a new phenomenon that there exists the possibility of the transition from chaotic to non-chaotic phase-space trajectories of the strongly relativistic electrons due to the effect of their self-fields. The adiabatic magnetic field of a one-dimensional wiggler may have a slight influence on the electron transportation in the absence of the FEL fields, but substantially affects the dynamic stability of the electrons in the process of the FEL interaction. Moreover, the laser fields diminish the dynamic stability of the electrons as the FEL interaction ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In this study, Kb/Ka X-ray intensity ratios, Formula Not Shown , Formula Not Shown production cross-sections and K fluorescence yields of Co and Cu and Lb/La X-ray intensity ratios, Formula Not Shown , Formula Not Shown production cross-sections and Formula Not Shown average fluorescence yields of Ag in pure metals and in different alloy compositions were measured. In this study, alloying effects on the Formula Not Shown production cross-sections of Co and Cu were investigated and changes interpreted according to the rearrangement of valance state electrons and the charge transfer process between the 3d elements (Co and Cu) and Ag.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The effects of irradiation from a focused ion beam (FIB) system on MOS transistors are reported systematically for the first time. Three MOS transistor technologies, with 0.5, 1, and 3 {mu}m minimum feature sizes and with gate oxide thicknesses ranging from 11 to 50 nm, were analyzed. Significant shifts in transistor parameters (such as threshold voltage, transconductance, and mobility) were observed following irradiation with a 30 keV Ga{sup +} focused ion beam with ion doses varying by over 5 orders of magnitude. The apparent damage mechanism (which involved the creation of interface traps, oxide trapped charge, or both) and extent of damage were different for each of the three technologies investigated.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Aim- Two alternative hypotheses attempt to explain the upper elevation limit of tree lines world-wide, the carbon-limitation hypothesis (CLH) and the growth-limitation hypothesis (GLH); the altitudinal decrease of temperature is considered the driver constraining either carbon gain or growth. Using a widely distributed tree line species (Nothofagus pumilio) we tested whether tree line altitude is explained by the CLH or the GLH, distinguishing local from global effects. We elaborated expectations based on most probable trends of carbon charging with altitude according to both hypotheses, considering the alternative effects of drought. Location- Two climatically contrasting tree line ecotones in the southern Andes of Chile: Mediterranean (3654- S) and Patagonia (4604- S). Methods- ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We provide a numerically efficient procedure to perform LDA+Hubbard I calculations including self-consistency over the charge density in the FP-LAPW basis. The method is applied to Pu, Am, and PuAm and PuCe alloys. Our results for valence photoemission spectra (PES) agree with experimental data and with previous LDA+DMFT calculations. Analysis of the J=5/2 and J=7/2 contributions to the f-occupation supports the intermediate-coupling picture of f-states in heavy actinides. The electronic specific heat coefficient is calculated for PuAm and PuCe alloys in reasonable agreement with recent experiments. We show that Pu atoms keep their mixed-valence character in these alloys. Next, we study electronic and spectral properties of Pu-based superconductor PuCoGa_5 and obtain good agreement with experimental PES. Finally, we analyze surface effects. In Pu monolayer, we find substantial modification of PES due to 5f-electron localization consistent with ...

CERN Document Server

The NuTeV collaboration reported anomalously large weak mixing angle sin^2 theta_W in comparison with the standard model prediction. Neutrino and antineutrino charged- and neutral-current events are analyzed for extracting sin^2 theta_W. Although the Paschos-Wolfenstein relation is not directly used in the analysis, it plays an important role in the determination. Noting that the target nucleus, iron, is not an isoscalar nucleus, we derive a leading-order expression for a modified Paschos-Wolfenstein relation for nuclei, which may have neutron excess. Then, using charge and baryon-number conservations for nuclei, we discuss an important nuclear correction in the sin^2 theta_W determination. It is noteworthy that nuclear modifications are different between valence up- and down-quark distributions. We find that this difference effect could be of the order of the NuTeV sin^2 theta_W deviation.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This project will determine whether electrolytic dialysis has promise in the separation of charged particles in an aqueous solution. The ability to selectively move ions from one aqueous solution to another through a semipermeable membrane will be studied as a function of emf, amperage, and particle electrical charge. The ions selected for the study are Cl{sup -} and SO{sub 4}{sup 2-}. These ions are of particular interest because of their electrical conduction properties in aqueous solution resulting with their association with the corrosive action of metals. The studies will be performed with commercial membranes on solutions prepared in the laboratory from reagent salts. pH adjustments will be made with dilute reagent acid and base. Specific objectives of the project include testing a selected membrane currently available for electrolytic dialysis, membrane resistance to extreme pH conditions, the effectiveness of ...

Science.gov (United States)

A strategic partnership was formed among the American Foundrymen`s Society and the Federal government to develop and transfer the technology needed by the US foundry industry to: increase energy efficiency of cupola melting; improve recovery of carbon, silicon, and manganese through reduced oxidation losses; and improve productivity due to more uniform and predictable iron compositions. An effective mathematical model of the cupola offers a solution to the complex and interactive chemical and heat transfer processes to melt cast iron. The transient changes in charge size, charge composition, blast rate, and coke rate are used to optimize operation to improve melting rates, minimize oxidation losses of valuable alloying elements (C, Si, and Mn), and maintain iron composition. Despite these challenges, the cupola produces iron at a lower cost, and have better environmental controls than other melting process with 70% of ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The mobility of oxidized astatine in solutions H(Na)ClO_4 (#mu#=0.4M)-1.10"-"4M K_2Cr_2O_7 has been measured at 25 degC in the interval 0.63<=pH<=1.68. Under these conditions astatine migrates to the cathode only. The speeds of the migration depends upon the concentration of hydrogen ions in solutions are: pH 1.68 Usub(c)=1.17.10"-"4 cm"2 V"-"1 s"-"1; pH 0.63 Usub(c)=2.67.10"-"4 cm"2 V"-"1 s"-"1. The effect agrees with the opinion that the singly charged cation of astatine formed in acidic solutions is a strong aquacomplex [(H_2O)sub(x)At]"+ (x=1-2) (protonated hypoastatic acid). Deprotonation constant of this cation is Ksub(dp)=0.032+-0.005. Specific properties of the astatine cation are given. They can be explained, probably, through the peculiarities of its structure. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Experiments on aqueous TiO{sup 2} photocatalytic reaction characteristics of 4 nitrogen-containing and 12 aromatic organic compounds were carried out. Based on the values calculated for the distribution of ionic species and atomic charge, the characteristics of their photocatalytic decomposition were estimated. It was shown that the dependence of decomposition of the N-containing compounds were linearly proportional to their nitrogen atomic charge values, while that of the aromatic compounds were inversely proportional. The effects of aqueous pH, oxygen content and concentration on the TiO{sup 2} photocatalytic characteristics of EDTA-Cu(II) and EDTA-Fe(III) were experimentally investigated. All EDTA systems were decomposed better in the pH range of 2.5{approx}3.0 and with more dissolved oxygen. These results could be applied to a unit process for removal of organic impurities dissolved in a source water of the system ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Single-electrode transient behavior was measured mainly during the discharging process for a model cell of electric double layer capacitor with nano-porous carbon electrodes and reference electrode. Apparent conductivity in the cell, which we call `effective conductivity,` is determined with approximation of current in transient behavior to a one-dimensional electrophoretic model. A comparison of effective conductivity with conductivity of bulk solution suggests an interesting mechanism of transfer of electrolyte ions. The difference in transient behavior between various electrolyte ions was not conspicuous in spite of distinctive differences in conductivity of each bulk solution. The large pore diameter of the carbon electrode results in rapid transient behavior and such an electrode should be suitable for rapid charge and discharge. The effect of origin of carbon electrode is found to be significant ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The mechanism of action of Clostridium difficile enterotoxin A (CA), of Escherichia coli enterotoxin (STa) and of cholera toxin (CT), which are known to cause severe diarrhea, were studied in a preparation of ligated jejunal loops of anesthetized rats in vivo. The toxins were administered intraluminally. Pharmacological agents, which were tested for their potency to influence toxin-related effects, were administered subcutaneously. Net fluid transport was determined gravimetrically, prostaglandin (PG) E_2-output into the lumen, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) contents in the mucosa were measured by radioimmunoassay, serotonin-(5-HT)-output into the lumen was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The histopathological effects of CA and CT were examined by light- and scanning electron microscopy. All three toxins caused net fluid secretion ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Results of self-consistent local-spin-density-functional calculations are reported for the first time for the Ni(110) surface, represented by one-, three-, and five-layer slabs. Calculations for one- and five-layer slabs of Ni(100) are also reported. The behavior of the surface magnetization with varying slab thickness elucidates the nature and origin of the surface magnetic moment. We predict a 13% enhancement of the Ni(110) surface magnetic moment compared to the bulk value. For the Ni(100) surface, we find a smaller surface enhancement about 7%, compared to bulk, which agrees with the results of Jepsen et al. The enhancement of surface magnetic moments on Ni(100) and Ni(110) surfaces is attributed to s-d dehybridization at the surface and to the presence of electrostatic shifts required to maintain layer-by-layer charge neutrality. We find that the total d-electron charge is the same in each layer, which contradicts the sp-to-d ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Mutational inactivation of the RB1 tumor suppressor gene initiates retinoblastoma and other human cancers. RB1 protein (pRb) restrains cell proliferation by binding...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

A sensitive assay based on the polymerase chain reaction for the detection of Ockelbo virus RNA was developed. Two primer pairs from the gene coding for the E2 glycoprotein were chosen. By use of a...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Fermi National Laboratory (Fermilab) operates the Tevatron proton-antiproton collider at a center-of-mass energy of {radical}s = 1.96 TeV, the is therefore the only collider which is today able to produce the heaviest known particle, the top quark. The top quark was discovered at the Tevatron by the CDF and D0 collaborations in 1995. At the Tevatron, most top quarks are produced via the strong interaction, whereby quark-antiquark annihilation dominates with 85%, and gluon fusion contributes with 15%. Considering next-to-leading order (NLO) contributions in the cross section of top-antitop quark production, leads to a slight positive asymmetry in the differential distribution of the production angle {alpha} of the top quarks. This asymmetry is due to the interference of certain NLO contributions. The charge asymmetry A in the cosine of {alpha} is predicted [14] to amount to 4-6%. Information about the partonic rest frame, necessary for a measurement of A in the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The author considers the extraction of the electromagnetic energy from a charged black hole through charged tachyons. The 'generalized ergosphere' relative to tachyons is defined. It turns out that it is possible to extract energy with 100% efficiency (through reversible process) if the charged source (whether black hole or otherwise) is of finite size. Two explicit examples of energy extraction are discussed. (Auth.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Science.gov (United States)

Not Available

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Udgivelsesdato: 2008/5

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... Part A: The electromagnetic radiation of a charged tachyon. Part B: Some

Science.gov (United States)

Progress in four research areas on this project are summarized under the following topics: (1) Geminate charge pair recombination in hexane; (2) Fast current measurements resulting from excitation of charge transfer (CT) states; (3) Measurement of the dipole moment of excited states by DC conductivity; and (4) Charge separation at macroscopic interfaces between electron donor and acceptor solids. In a final section, personnel who have contributed to the project during the past budget period are described.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The effect of phosphonate anion (PHOS) on the corrosion of ordinary steel in simulated cooling water has been studied using weight loss, polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. PHOS was studied in the concentration range from 7.5x10^-^5 to 10^-^3M. The results obtained reveal that PHOS perform excellently as corrosion inhibitor for ordinary steel in simulated cooling water. The inhibition efficiency of PHOS was increased with increasing both its concentration and water circulation velocity. These two factors seem to promote the adsorption of phosphorus and oxygen ions on the metal surface, leading to the formation of a protective layer with a greater charge transfer resistance and lower permeability. The inhibition efficiency decreased slightly with tem...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

It is concluded that the Department paid out over $16 million in the past two years for FTS service charges on telephone calls bearing no relationship to official Departmental business. When one adds in the costs of compensation paid to Departmental and contractor employees for the worktime spent making unauthorized FTS calls, the total costs to the Department due to FTS abuse exceeded $28 million for the fiscal years 1983 and 1984. These cost figures, moreover, fail to account for the effect of an annual loss of an estimated 40,000 man-days on the Department's productivity. It is recommended that the Assistant Secretary review the system to identify possible restrictions on usage of the lines by employees and to consider additional recording and accounting procedures to track FTS usage, especially when the lines are used for calls to telephones outside the FTS network.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Long before possible organic effects, exposure to ionizing radiations can provoke anxiety. In front of invisibility, the imagination quickly ignites. The terrorists have perfectly understood it. They are ready to use ionizing radiations as a weapon to remind traumatic images deeply rooted in people's memory. These images induce anxiety with all the clinical expressions connected to it. These symptoms require to be treated because of a possible anarchic development. For that purpose, plans have been elaborated to coordinate the different professional's actions. The coherence of medical management and communication aims to allow the most implicated people to find the way to face the events. When it is not possible, medico-psychological cells permit a specialized care. (author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

At the quark level there are basically two types of contributions of R-parity violating supersymmetry (Rep SUSY) to neutrinoless double beta decay: the short-range contribution involving only heavy virtual superpartners and the long-range one with the virtual squark and neutrino. Hadronization of the effective operators, corresponding to these two types of contributions, may in general involve virtual pions in addition to close on-mass-shell nucleons. From the previous studies it is known that the short-range contribution is dominated by the pion exchange. In the present paper we show that this is also true for the long-range Rep SUSY contribution. Therefore, we conclude that the Rep SUSY contributes to the neutrinoless double beta decay dominantly via charged pion exchange between the decaying nucleons.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This paper presents a method to evaluate and improve the performance of quantum dot infrared photodetectors (QDIPs). We proposed a device model for QDIPs. The developed model accounts for the self-consistent potential distribution, features of the electron capture and transport in realistic QDIPs in dark and illumination conditions. This model taking the effect of donor charges on the spatial distribution of the electric potential in the QDIP active region. The model is used for the calculation of the dark current, photocurrent and detectivity as a function of the structural parameters such as applied voltage, doping QD density, QD layers, and temperature. It explains strong sensitivity of dark current to the density of QDs and the doping level of the active region. In order to confirm our...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

For the development of a long-lived, electrically rechargeable zinc-air battery the structure and wettability of pasted zinc electrodes were optimized. Pasted zinc electrodes containing 1 to 10% cellulose, but having almost the same nominal capacities, were prepared and tested in zinc/oxygen cells. The effect of discharge rate on cell voltage and delivered capacity, as well as the maximum power, were measured. Furthermore, cell charge-discharge behaviour and cycle life were examined. After different times of operation, the porosity and the pore size distribution of the pasted zinc electrodes were measured by means of mercury porosimetry. The life cycle and peak power drain capability of the Zn/oxygen battery could be substantially improved by the addition of 10 wt% cellulose to the pasted zinc electrode. (author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We perform an optimal-observable analysis of the final charged-lepton/b-quark momentum distributions in #gamma##gamma##->#t t-bar #->#lX/bX for various beam polarizations in order to study possible anomalous t t-bar #gamma#, tbW and #gamma##gamma#H couplings, which could be generated by SU(2) x U(1) gauge-invariant dimension-6 effective operators. We find optimal beam polarizations that will minimize the uncertainty in determination of those non-standard couplings. We also compare e e-bar and #gamma##gamma# colliders from the viewpoint of the anomalous-top-quark-coupling determination.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Off-shell interactions for localized closed-string tachyons in C/Z{sub N} superstring backgrounds are analyzed and a conjecture for the effective height of the tachyon potential is elaborated. At large N, some of the relevant tachyons are nearly massless and their interactions can be deduced from the S-matrix. The cubic interactions between these tachyons and the massless fields are computed in a closed form using orbifold CFT techniques. The cubic interaction between nearly-massless tachyons with different charges is shown to vanish and thus condensation of one tachyon does not source the others. It is shown that to leading order in N, the quartic contact interaction vanishes and the massless exchanges completely account for the four point scattering amplitude. This indicates that it is necessary to go beyond quartic interactions or to include other fields to test the conjecture for the height of the tachyon potential.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

''Hybrid'' hydrogen storage, where hydrogen is stored in both the solid material and as a high pressure gas in the void volume of the tank can improve overall system efficiency by up to 50% compared to either compressed hydrogen or solid materials alone. Thermodynamically, high equilibrium hydrogen pressures in metal-hydrogen systems correspond to low enthalpies of hydrogen absorption-desorption. This decreases the calorimetric effects of the hydride formation-decomposition processes which can assist in achieving high rates of heat exchange during hydrogen loading-removing the bottleneck in achieving low charging times and improving overall hydrogen storage efficiency of large hydrogen stores. Two systems with hydrogenation enthalpies close to -20kJ/mol H2 were studied to investigate the h...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

There is little flame spread data for homogeneous energetic materials and no data for nitramines. We report the results of flame spread experiments of PBX 9501 (HMX (cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine) based explosive). The horizontal flame spread rate, Sf, is of the same order of magnitude as normal deflagration and varies nearly as the square root of pressure, as our scaling analysis presented here predicts. In the vertical orientation, the flame propagation downward was observed to be slightly faster than horizontal flame spread, presumably because of the melt layer flowing downward on the sample. In an accident scenario, a charge may be fractured or the surface roughened. Consequently, we also examined the effect of roughness. Minor roughness created by explosives machining was found to...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Electrostatic fields of the order of 1 V/Angst, as they occur at field emission tips, are comparable to those experienced by valence electrons in atoms and molecules. Such fields are strong enough to induce a significant redistribution of the valence charge in chemical bonds. In this work we investigate the effects on the electronic properties of a single adatom on a metal surface induced by the presence of an electrostatic field. In particular we present the results of a full ab initio DFT calculation, within the embedding method, of the CCV Auger spectra of Si and Mg atoms in and on a jellium-Ag host. Differently from impurities in bulk, Auger spectral profiles of adsorbates on metal surfaces can show notable modifications due to the applied electric field.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Chitosan (a?-(1-4)-amino-2-deoxy-b?-D-glucan) is a deacetylated form of chitin, a polysaccharide from crustacean shells. Its unique characteristics, such as positive charge, biodegradability, biocompatibility, nontoxicity, and rigid structure, make this macromolecule ideal for an oral vaccine delivery system. We prepared reverse-phase evaporation vesicles (REVs) sandwiched by chitosan (Chi) and polyvinylic alcohol (PVA). However, in this method, there are still some problems to be circumvented related to protein stabilization. During the inverted micelle phase of protein nanoencapsulation, hydrophobic interfaces are expanded, leading to interfacial adsorption, followed by protein unfolding and aggregation. Here, spectroscopic and immunological techniques were used to ascertain the effects ...

Science.gov (United States)

Electric utilities have been surprised by recent opposition to the construction of very-high-voltage transmission lines, which met with little resistance in the past. Concerns over health and safety factors are associated with the increase in the number of such lines, although their presence has always been an inconvenience and a hazard for those living and working in the immediate vicinity. The new lines present additional hazards due to the continuous flow of small electric currents and the charges that build up in the area of the towers and lines. The lines are also a threat to persons wearing cardiac pacemakers. There is experimental evidence from the Soviet Union and the U.S. that electric and magnetic fields at the frequencies of such power lines can have serious biological effects on growth rates and the functioning of the central nervous system. Full disclosure that possible risks are involved and the opportunity to avoid these risks is ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The steps in assembling the computational tools needed to simulate the explosive fracture of oil shale have been described. The resulting code, with its input data, then was used to simulate 3 explosive field experiments. The results of the calculations are in good agreement with what actually occurred in the field. Further detailed comparisons are in progress for these experiments and the others that have been conducted. The development of computer codes as tools to predict rock breakage makes a variety of studies possible. The properties of the explosive can be changed to see how the extent of rubbling is affected. Studies of spacing and delays for decked charges also are possible. The codes can be applied in situations, such as confined-volume blasting, at the frontiers of blasting technology. These areas are vital to the effective utilization of oil shale resources, especially with in situ techniques. 13 references.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The treatment of Be-contaminated wastewater has been paid little attention, although beryllium (Be) and its compounds are of high toxicity. In this research, aerobic granule was for the first time introduced to remove Be from aqueous solution. Influencing factors including reaction time, initial Be concentration, pH, biosorbent dosage, and coexistent metal ions (Cd, Cu, and Fe) were investigated in batch experiments. The aerobic granule, characterized by element analysis and CLSM, was abundant in carboxyl, phosphoryl, amine and hydroxyl groups. Potentiometric titration experiment demonstrated that the pH effect on biosorption depended on the surface charge of granule (pHzpc=2.4) and the species of Be (Be^2^+, Be(OH)^+, and Be(OH)2) in solution. The coexistent metal ions would either inhibi...

CERN Document Server

In this Ph.D. thesis a model for graphene in presence of quantized electromagnetic interactions is introduced. The zero and low temperature properties of the model are studied using rigorous renormalization group methods and lattice Ward identities. In particular, it is shown that, at all orders in renormalized perturbation theory, the Schwinger functions and the response functions decay with interaction dependent anomalous exponents. Regarding the 2-point Schwinger function, the wave function renormalization diverges in the infrared limit, while the effective Fermi velocity flows to the speed of light. Concerning the response functions, those associated to a Kekul\\'e distortion of the honeycomb lattice and to a charge density wave instability are enhanced by the electromagnetic electron-electron interactions (their scaling in real space is depressed), while the lowest order correction to the scaling exponent of the density-density response ...

CERN Document Server

The top-color assisted technicolor (TC2) mode predicts the existence of a pair of charged top-pions $\\pi^{\\pm}_t$. In this paper, we study the production of the charged top-pions pair $\\pi^{\\pm}_t$ at next generation $\\gamma\\gamma$ colliders. The results show that the production rates can reach the level of $10^2$ fb with reasonable parameter space. With a large number of events and the clean background, the charged top-pion should be observable at the $\\gamma\\gamma$ colliders. Therefore, our studies can help us to search for charged top-pion, and furthermore, to test the TC2 model.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

During the past year, further studies on mAChR were conducted. These studies included verification of the difference in pituitary distribution based on ligand charge. The pituitary localization of TRB. A neutral mAChR ligand, was verified. The lack of QNB blockade of TRB uptake was tested by blockage with scopolamine, another mAChR antagonist and by testing the effect in a different strain of rat. Neither scopolamine or change of rat strain had any effect. We concluded that TRB uptake in pituitary is not a receptor-mediated process. Further studies were conducted with an additional quaternized mAChR ligand: MQNB. Pituitary localization of MQNB, like MTRB, could be blocked by pretreatment with QNB. We have tentatively concluded that permanent charge on a mAChR antagonist changes the mechanism of uptake in the pituitary. Time course studies and the effects of DES on myocardial uptake ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of {beta}-amyloid (A{beta}) plaques in the brain is a potentially valuable tool for studying the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). It may also be applicable for measuring the effectiveness of therapeutic drugs aimed at lowering A{beta} plaques in the brain. We have successfully reported a series of {sup 18}F-labeled fluoropegylated stilbenes for PET imaging studies. Encouraging results clearly demonstrated the usefulness of {sup 18}F-labeled stilbenes as potential A{beta} plaque-imaging agents. In the present study, we applied a similar approach to a styrylpyridine backbone structure. Among all derivatives examined (E)-2-(2-(2-(2-fluoroethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)-5-(4-dimethylaminostyryl) -pyridine (2) displayed high binding affinity in postmortem AD brain homogenates (K {sub i}=2.5{+-}0.4 nM, with [{sup 125}I]IMPY as radioligand). No-carrier-added [{sup 18}F]2 was ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A fully quantized many-particle theory of the standard free-electron laser in the small-signal, cold-beam regime is presented. The approach is based on an evaluation of the time-evolution operator in the interaction picture to first order in the quantum-mechanical recoil. For algebraic convenience we use the moving (Bambini-Renieri) frame, in which resonance occurs for zero electron momentum. Though we neglect space-charge effects, genuine many-particle contributions still show up, because the radiation emitted by one electron can be amplified by another electron. Our main results are gross features of the amplification, such as gain and spread, are virtually without many-particle effects. These effects are mainly important in the case of spontaneous emission. For a sufficiently high current, the buildup of the laser field from vacuum is enhanced by amplified spontaneous emission. Incoherence of the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

There is a great demand for the reduction of specific fuel consumption in diesel engines, and also of NO/sub x/ emission in especially those designed for use on land. However, while improving combustion, a problem arises in trying to reduce both simultaneously because the techniques required are contradictory. This series of experiments was done to study the correlation between specific fuel consumption and NO/sub x/ emission. The research was conducted under variations in engine parameters and operating conditions. The variations studied included effects of pressure, temperature and humidity of the charging air, temperature of the cooling water, timing and rate of fuel injection, fuel injection nozzle, EGR and water-emulsified fuel. The results of the tests clarified the characteristics of the specific fuel consumption and NO/sub x/ emission and indicated that the most-effective measures for the reduction of specific fuel ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A G-matrix, derived from a meson-exchange potential in nuclear matter, is applied to finite, semi-magic nuclei. For the open shell the broken-pair model, which can accommodate many single-particle levels, is used. The excitations of the closed shell are treated as particle-hole states. Energy spectra and electromagnetic transition densities are calculated for /sup 88/Sr and /sup 58/Ni. The energies of the non-collective states are well described. Pairing correlations in the ground state have almost the correct strength in a multishell model space. To improve the energies of the collective 2/sup +/ and 3/sup -/ states the inclusion of core-polarisation effects in the force is required. Transition charge densities for collective states become strongly surface-peaked by core-polarisation effects, as is observed in experiments. The effects of pairing correlations and core polarisation on the magnetic form ...

Science.gov (United States)

This is the first of a series of monthly reports summarizing the status of the work of the National Accelerator Laboratory. This first report will cover developments since the publication of the Design Report in January. Authorization hearings were held before the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy on February 21, 1968. Dr. Wilson described the plans and designs of the Laboratory. The present plan of the Laboratory is that the Village of Weston will be utilized for office, laboratory, and shop space during construction. The Laboratory business office is already occupying several houses. The linac section is occupying three houses for offices and construction of an 8,000 sq ft laboratory building for linac work is almost complete. Another house is being used and a 4,500 sq ft inflatable building is being constructed for model-magnet and vacuum testing. Other temporary buildings will be constructed for use by other sections. We plan to move into the village as rapidly as is feasible and it ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Commercial focused ion beam (FIB) systems are commonly used to image integrated circuits (ICS) after device processing, especially in failure analysis applications. FIB systems are also often employed to repair faults in metal lines for otherwise functioning ICS, and are being evaluated for applications in film deposition and nanofabrication. A problem that is often seen in FIB imaging and repair is that ICS can be damaged during the exposure process. This can result in degraded response or out-right circuit failure. Because FIB processes typically require the surface of an IC to be exposed to an intense beam of 30--50 keV Ga{sup +} ions, both charging and secondary radiation damage are potential concerns. In previous studies, both types of effects have been suggested as possible causes of device degradation, depending on the type of device examined and/or the bias conditions. Understanding the causes of this damage is important for ICS that ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Picosecond charge-collection transients measured for GaAs/AlGaAs HBTs following 3.0 MeV [alpha]-particle and 620 nm picosecond laser excitation reveal charge-collection efficiencies up to twenty-eight times smaller than for GaAs MESFETs, with [approximately]90% of the charge collected within 75 ps of the ionizing event. The small charge-collection efficiency of the HBTs is a consequence of the ultrafast charge-collection dynamics in these devices. The authors show that picosecond laser excitation reproduces nicely the ion-induced transients, providing a valuable tool for the investigation of charge-collection and SEU phenomena in these devices.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We report the use of ion beam induced charge imaging to characterise the charge signal uniformity of epitaxial gallium nitride radiation detectors. The detectors were fabricated from 2 {mu}m thick semi-insulating gallium nitride, grown by MOCVD on a sapphire substrate. A carrier concentration of 1.4x10{sup 15} cm{sup -3} was measured using capacitance-voltage measurements. Ion beam induced charge imaging was carried out with a 2 MeV alpha particle beam focussed to a 3 {mu}m diameter and raster scanned across the device. The resulting ion beam images show excellent charge signal uniformity in this material with no evidence of material defects or polycrystalline structure on the micrometer length scale. No evidence of charge signal trapping was observed in these devices.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

It is anticipated that early in the next century manned missions into outer space will occur, with a mission to Mars scheduled between 2015 and 2020. However, before such missions can be undertaken, a realistic estimation of the potential risks to the flight crews is required. One of the uncertainties remaining in this risk estimation is that posed by the effects of exposure to the radiation environment of outer space. Although the composition of this environment is fairly well understood, the biological effects arising from exposure to it are not. The reasons for this are three-fold: (1) A small but highly significant component of the radiation spectrum in outer space consists of highly charged, high energy (HZE) particles which are not routinely experienced on earth, and for which there are insufficient data on biological effects; (2) Most studies on the biological effects of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fermilab is the US Tier-1 Center for CMS data storage and analysis. End-2-End (E2E) circuits are utilized to support high impact data movement into and out of the Tier-1 Center. E2E circuits have been implemented to facilitate the movement of raw experiment data from the Tier-0 Center at CERN, as well as processed data to a number of the US Tier-2 sites. Troubleshooting and monitoring of those circuits presents a significant challenge, since the circuits typically cross multiple research & education networks, each with its own management domain and customized monitoring capabilities. The perfSONAR Monitoring Project was established to facilitate development and deployment of a common monitoring infrastructure across multiple network management domains. Fermilab has deployed perfSONAR across its E2E circuit infrastructure and enhanced the product with several ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Previously, we demonstrated that the lithium ion conduction in the perovskite-type manganese fluoride is attributed to counter cation-site vacancy mechanism. The divalent counter cation-doped KxBa(1-x)/2MnF3 was theoretically predicted as the lithium ion conductor in the perovskite-type manganese fluoride. In this study, we considered the oxygen doping for KxBa(1-x)/2MnF3 to realize the higher lithium ion conductivity. It is because lithium ion forms the stronger ionic bond with the doped oxygen anion. The hybrid-DFT calculations were performed to investigate the lithium ion conduction in the oxygen-doped KxBa(1-x)/2MnF3. The calculation results were discussed from the viewpoints of the potential energy curve, electron densities, and charge and spin densities. The effect of the lithium ion...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This work presents an analysis of the operation of a multi-cylinder, tubro charged, indirect injection diesel engine from a second-law analysis point of view. For this purpose, a single-zone thermodynamic model following the filling and emptying modelling technique is developed. A second-law analysis is performed in all parts of the diesel engine plant, which provides all the existing availability terms and accounts for the evaluation of every component`s irreversibilities. A complete second-law terms tabulation is given for the maximum speed-full load operation case, which is compared with its first-law counterpart. A detailed parametric study is performed in all parts of the diesel engine plant comprising the effects of speed and load on the availability terms in a range that covers the whole operation of the engine under turbocharged action. Various second-law (availability) terms such as indicated and brake work, heat transfer, inlet air, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

It is well known that composite armors, consisting of glass elements confined with metallic tampers, are extraordinarily effective against shaped charge attack. Early experiments showed that jets fired against glass targets appeared to be bombarded by tiny fragments that destroyed alignment and reduced residual jet penetration. This result was attributed to an elastic rebound effect in which the outward radial motion of the target around the jet periphery was supposed to be arrested by tensile hoop stresses which developed behind the divergent shock front. Glass fragments were then accelerated radially inward and these destabilized the jet. To sustain the large tensile hoop stresses required, the glass must not have been fractured by the initial shock, behind which the stress state is typically well above the Hugoniot elastic limit. Modeling the penetration of a jet into glass requires not only determining the spall ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The exchange charge model of crystal field theory has been used to analyze systematically the ground state absorption spectra of octahedrally coordinated Ni{sup 2+} ion in isostructural nickel halide crystals NiCl{sub 2}, NiBr{sub 2}, and NiI{sub 2}. The parameters of the crystal field acting on the Ni{sup 2+} ion are calculated from the available crystal structure data. The obtained energy level schemes are compared with experimental absorption spectra; a good agreement with experimental data is demonstrated. Dependencies of the crystal field invariants and covalence effects on the type of ligands are considered. It is shown numerically that the overlap effects between Ni{sup 2+} ion and ligands increase with an increase of the ligands' atomic number resulting in the following order of the degree of covalence: NiI{sub 2}>NiBr{sub 2}>NiCl{sub 2}.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The deexcitation of quasi-projectiles (QP) released in binary Au on Au collisions as been studied from 60 to 100 MeV/u. Bimodality between two different decay patterns has been observed for intermediate violence collisions. The main experimental result is that the system jumps from one mode to the other on a narrow range of energy deposit and/or impact parameter. The sorting of the events (according to the violence of the collision) has been provided by the perpendicular energy of the light charged particles emitted on the quasi-target side. Such a sorting prevents spurious autocorrelation effects between the sorting variable and the observed mechanism. The two modes of the QP decay correspond on the one side to residue or fission fragments production, and on the other side to the multifragmentation channel. A detailed study has been performed in order to try to establish the origin of the observed bimodality in disentangling dynamical or ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

There is growing interest in the generation and characterization of femtosecond and subfemtosecond pulses from linac-based free-electron lasers (FELs). In this report, following the method of Ricci and Smith (Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 3, 032801 (2000)), we investigate the measurement of the longitudinal bunch profile of an ultrashort electron bunch produced by these FELs. We show that this method can be applied in a straightforward manner at x-ray FEL facilities such as the Linac Coherent Light Source by slightly adjusting the second bunch compressor followed by running the bunch on an rf zero-crossing phase of the final linac. We find that the linac wakefield strongly perturbs the measurement, and through analysis show that it can be compensated in a simple way. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this method and wakefield compensation through numerical simulations, including effects of coherent synchrotron radiation and longitudinal space ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The measured result of charged multiplicity in cosmic-ray proton induced nuclear reaction from Chinese satellite emulsion is reported. The correlation of shower and heavy particles is discussed and compared with p-emulsion interactions.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Electric cars can be recharged via charging stations, battery exchange, or induction cable lanes in asphalted roads. The users' wishes remain unexplored, so a number of technologies are competing in this sector.

Science.gov (United States)

Charge flow and valence/d-band behavior in ion-beam-mixed (IBM) Pd1-xAgx (x = 0.5-0.9) alloys have been studied by X-ray photoemission measurement of the valence bands and of core-level binding energy shifts and X-ray absorption near-edge structure. We correlated the observed Ag 3d5/2 core-level shifts in these IBM alloys, relative to the elemental Ag, with the White Line area changes at the Pd and Ag L3-edge to investigate the charge redistribution at the Ag site. The results indicate that there is a decrease in sp-like conduction electron and a negligible change in the number of d-electrons at the Ag site upon alloying. These results are in line with our previous results in which Pd gains d-charges and loses sp-type charges. This electron redistribution due to hybridization in the alloy leads small net charge transfer from the Ag site to the Pd site in accordance with ...

CERN Document Server

Starting from the original collective Hamiltonian of Bohr and separating the beta and gamma variables as in the X(5) model of Iachello, an exactly soluble model corresponding to a harmonic oscillator potential in the beta-variable (to be called X(5)-$\\beta^2$) is constructed. Furthermore, it is proved that the potentials of the form $\\beta^{2n}$ (with n being integer) provide a ``bridge'' between this new X(5)-$\\beta^2$ model (occuring for n=1) and the X(5) model (corresponding to an infinite well potential in the beta-variable, materialized for n going to infinity. Parameter-free (up to overall scale factors) predictions for spectra and B(E2) transition rates are given for the potentials $\\beta^2$, $\\beta^4$, $\\beta^6$, $\\beta^8$, corresponding to E(4)/E(2) ratios of 2.646, 2.769, 2.824, and 2.852 respectively, compared to the E(4)/E(2) ratios of 2.000 ...

Science.gov (United States)

In recent years the feedstock base of the coking plants in the South has been significantly degraded: the charges contain an increased quantity of gas coal and coal from coalfields in the East are being included. Certain plants in the Ukraine receive coal from the Kuznetsk, Pechora and Karaganda coalfields. Addition of these coal types in the charges of plants in the South is expected to continue in the future. Their efficient utilization requires careful investigation of the new charges in order to determine the optimal composition and to produce blast furnace coke meeting modern specifications.

Science.gov (United States)

then, the toroidal containment of charged plasmas by electric fields is comparable to the toroidal containment of neutral plasmas using the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The temperature and pressure dependence of the mobilities of negative charges injected into liquid hydrogen and deuterium have been measured. The authors propose the existence of two types of charge carriers in liquid parahydrogen. One is a bubble with an electron inside while the other has higher mobility. Relaxation of the current through liquid hydrogen was observed. It is suggested that in liquid and solid hydrogen under {beta}-irradiation neutral complexes are created which can trap the negative charges and have a lifetime of about 10 hours. 6 refs., 5 figs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... beam monitoring betatrons delay circuits errors fluctuations gamma radiation

Science.gov (United States)

... Descriptors : *INTERIOR BALLISTICS, *COMBUSTIBLE CARTRIDGE CASES, FIRING TESTS(ORDNANCE), EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, ARTILLERY ...

Science.gov (United States)

... Descriptors : *Combustible cartridge cases, *Nitrocellulose, *Propelling charges, *Ammunition containers, Felts, Munitions industry, Fibers, Acrylic ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In an ionization chamber with the electric field parallel to the particle trajectories, the time dependence of the anode signal contains all the information about the energy and the nuclear charge of the ionizing particle. By proper pulse shaping with a long and a short time constant the total ionization charge and the ionization charge integrated around the Bragg maximum, respectively, can be obtained. The former signal is proportional to the total energy, whereas the latter allows the nuclear charge to be deduced directly. An energy resolution of 0.4% and a Z resolution ..delta..Z/Z = 1/82 was achieved for 130 MeV /sup 32/S ions and argon-methane as the stopping medium.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The motion of an accelerated charge in a vacuum is analyzed, via the superposition principle and Fourier analysis, into uniform-motion components, which include bradyonic as well as tachyonic contributions. It is shown that the former contribute only to the induction fields whereas the latter are the source of the radiation emitted by the charge, via the Sommerfeld-Cerenkov mechanism. This result calls for a reexamination of some recently formulated theories of superluminal particles.

Science.gov (United States)

Coarse components in the charge, i.e. >6 mm material, display higher ash, a lower volatile matter and a smaller proportion of caking components. Bulk density and moisture levels were studied over a wide range of size reductions (60-85% blast furnace coke. Laboratory work should be checked in practical runs working with 74-76% <3 mm charge material.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Measurements were made of the cross sections for the /sup 27/Al(/sup 16/O,/sup 15/N)/sup 28/Si, /sup 89/Y(/sup 15/N,/sup 16/O)/sup 88/Sr and /sup 89/Y(/sup 27/Al,/sup 28/Si)/sup 88/Sr reactions at energies near and below the Coulomb barrier. The first reaction required separate measurements of the transfer to elastic cross section ratio for particular charge states, the charge state distribution for /sup 27/Al and /sup 28/Si ions, and the absolute elastic scattering cross section for the /sup 27/Al + /sup 16/O system. The ratio measurement required the combined use of two relatively new scientific instruments: the momentum filter and the Bragg curve spectrometer. The latter two transfer measurements were performed using the same setup involving surface barrier detectors at backward angles. Additional elastic scattering data for the /sup 15/N + /sup 28/Si, /sup 89/Y + /sup 15/N, /sup 89/Sr + /sup 27/Al, and /sup 88/Sr + /sup 28/Si systems was ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Palmitic acid (PA, 59.8 {sup o}C) and lauric acid (LA, 42.6 {sup o}C) are phase change materials (PCM) having quite high melting temperatures which can limit their use in low temperature solar applications such as solar space heating and greenhouse heating. However, their melting temperatures can be tailored to appropriate value by preparing a eutectic mixture of the lauric and the palmitic acids. In the present study, the thermal analysis based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique shows that the mixture of 69.0 wt% LA and 31 wt% PA forms a eutectic mixture having melting temperature of 35.2 {sup o}C and the latent heat of fusion of 166.3 J g{sup -1}. This study also considers the experimental determination of the thermal characteristics of the eutectic mixture during the heat charging and discharging processes. Radial and axial temperature distribution, heat transfer coefficient between the heat transfer fluid (HTF) pipe and the PCM, heat recovery ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Passivity of aluminum (Al) alloy 3003 in air and in aqueous solutions without and with chloride ions was characterized by electrochemical measurements, including cyclic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), localized EIS and potential of zero charge, Mott-Schottky analysis and secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) technique. Stability, pitting susceptibility and repassivation ability of Al alloy 3003 under various film-forming conditions were determined. Results demonstrated that passive films formed on 3003 Al alloy in air and in Na2SO4 solution without and with NaCl addition show an n-type semiconductor in nature. The passive film formed in chloride-free solution is most stable, and that formed in chloride-containing solution is most unstable, with the film formed in air in between. Pitting of Al alloy 3003 passivated both in air and in aqueous solutions is inevitable in the presence of chloride ions. There is the strongest capability for ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The rare-earth based nickelates RNiO{sub 3} (R=Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, and Pr{sub 1-x}La{sub x}, 0{<=}x{<=}0.7) were studied by inelastic neutron scattering. Energy splittings due to the crystalline-electric-field (CEF) interaction at the R{sup 3+} site within the electronic ground-state J multiplet (for R=Pr, Nd, and Pr{sub 1-x}La{sub x}) as well as within the two lowest-lying J multiplets (for R=Sm and Eu) were directly observed, and the corresponding CEF energy-level schemes were reconstructed. The latter were rationalized in terms of CEF parameters, which vary smoothly over the rare-earth series and give magnetic properties associated with the R sublattice in agreement with results from neutron powder diffraction experiments. Across the metal-insulator transition, a continuous change in the electronic part of the CEF parameters is observed. However, an attempt to quantify a charge transfer from the observed variation of the CEF parameters in an ...

CERN Document Server

We use the conductimetric method, adequate to electrolytes, to determine the lysozyme charge in lys-water and ternary lys-salt-water systems. We measured also the viscosities for the above binary and ternary systems in the same conditions at pH$=4.5$ and T$=298$ K, measurements that allow us to see any effect of viscosity on cations mobilities and implicitly on the lysozyme charge. The method is illustrated for the lysozyme chloride aqueous solution system at 25$^o$ C, using the data reported here for pH$=4.5$ at 0.15, 0.6, 0.8, 1., 1.5, 2., 2.5, 3., 3.5 mM (mg/mL) lysozyme chloride concentrations. The method was also applied to ternary lys-salt-water systems in the same conditions at pH$=4.5$ and T$=25^o$ C. Ternary conductivities are reported for a mean concentration 0.6 mM of lysozyme chloride in all systems and a mean concentration 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.175, 0.2, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4 M for NaCl; 0.005, ...

Science.gov (United States)

The performance of intermolecular potential models on the adsorption of benzene on graphitized thermal carbon black at various temperatures is investigated. Two models contain only dispersive sites, whereas the other two models account explicitly for the dispersive and electrostatic sites. Using numerous data in the literature on benzene adsorption on graphitized thermal carbon black at various temperatures, we have found that the effect of surface mediation on interaction between adsorbed benzene molecules must be accounted for to describe correctly the adsorption isotherm as well as the isosteric heat. Among the two models with partial charges tested, the WSKS model of Wick et al. that has only six dispersive sites and three discrete partial charges is better than the very expensive all-atom model of Jorgensen and Severance. Adsorbed benzene molecules on graphitized thermal carbon black have a complex orientation with ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) related to the licensing of Envirocare of Utah, Inc.`s proposed disposal facility in Tooele county, Utah (Docket No. 40-8989) for byproduct material as defined in Section 11e.(2) of the Atomic Energy Act, as amended, has been prepared by the Office of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards. This statement describes and evaluates the purpose of and need for the proposed action, the alternatives considered, and the environmental consequences of the proposed action. The NRC has concluded that the proposed action evaluated under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA) and 10 CFR Part 51, is to permit the applicant to proceed with the project as described in this Statement.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In order to investigate the charging mode of an in-series assembly of lithium-carbon battery cells, a test has been performed on 5 commercial cells (18650) of 0.95 Ah nominal capacity. Results show that it is possible to cycle the cells at 80% of their output capacities during more than 2000 cycles. The management of the battery consists in maintaining a constant battery voltage as soon as a cell reaches its limit voltage during constant current charging. The initial dispersion of cells has been maintained practically constant during the cycling and the charge state of all cells has decreased progressively. (J.S.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cluster calculations of the electronic structure and charge distribution in V_3Si have been performed using two different molecular orbital methods: a semiempirical LCAO and the MS X#alpha# model. The results are compared with X-ray emission spectra and band structure calculations. An analysis of the calculated electronic distribution reveals a charge transfer from Si-atoms to V-atoms, the additional charge on a V-atom being 0.6e (LCAO) and 0.4e (MS X#alpha# method). The results are in good agreement with experiment, which indicates that the cluster approach is adequate for the description of charge distributions and spectra characteristics of the A-15 compounds. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A mathematical model has been constructed to describe the creation and filling of thermoluminescence traps during irradiation. Processes considered include trap filling, recombinations both between free charges and between free and trapped charges and thermal de-trapping. Also a simple trap creation term, linear with dose, has been included. A computer program has been written in order to solve the system of differential equations describing the various charge carrier flows during irradiation. The model and the program are described and the results of the application of the model to some simple energy-level schemes are discussed. Thermal de-trapping and band-to-band recombinations can introduce a dose rate dependence into the accumulation of trapped charge, whilst trap creation leads to the supralinear growth of charge trapped at certain defects with increasing dose.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The ab initio pseudopotential method is used to study transient-enhanced-diffusion (TED) related processes. The electronic degrees of freedom are included explicitly, together with the fully self-consistent treatment of the electron charge density. A large supercell and a fine k-point mesh are used to ensure numerical convergence. Such method has been demonstrated to give quantitative description of defect energetic. We will show that boron diffusion is significantly enhanced in the presence of the Si interstitial due to the substantial lowering of the migrational barrier through a kick-out mechanism. The resulting mobile boron can also be trapped by another substitutional boron, forming an immobile and elect rically inactive two-boron pair. Similarly, carbon diffusion is also enhanced significantly due to the pairing with Si interstitial. However, carbon binds to Si interstitial much more strongly than boron does, taking away most Si interstitial from boron at ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report documents the concluding efforts at the Engineering Sciences Laboratory of TRW on two specific areas of current research activity within the more general context of proposed lean-burn operation of Otto-cycle-type automotive engines. These areas are: (1) achievement of knock-free performance, both under available fuels and current compression ratios and also under higher-octane fuels (e.g., alcohols) and higher-compression-ratio design (for greater thermal efficiency); and (2) identification of counterstrategies for two-wall (crevice-type) quenching of flame propagation, a phenomenon now widely acknowledged to be the major source of unburned-hydrocarbon emissions exhausted from homogeneous-charge cyclinders. There are certainly other highly active areas of research in Otto-cycle engines, such as turbocharging, ignition devices, and valve design, but the two above-cited topics were the topics of this project.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The electrical characteristics of thin TiO2 films prepared by metal?organic chemical vapor deposition grown on a p-type InP substrate were studied. For a TiO2 film of 4.7?nm on InP without and with ammonium sulfide treatment, the leakage currents are 8.8?10?2 and 1.1?10?4?A/cm2 at +2 V bias and 1.6?10?1 and 8.3?10?4?A/cm2 at ?2?V bias. The lower leakage currents of TiO2 with ammonium sulfide treatment arise from the improvement of interface quality. The dielectric constant and effective oxide charge number density are 33 and 2.5?1013?cm2, respectively. The lowest mid-gap interface state density is around 7.6?1011?cm?2?eV?1. The equivalent oxide thickness is 0.52?nm. The breakdown electric field increases with decreasing thickness in the range of 2.5 to 7.6?nm and reaches 9.3?MV/cm at 2.5?n...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

For the first time, rheological phase method, a simple and effective route, is applied to synthesize novel cathode material LiCoPO4. X-ray diffraction spectrometer (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are taken to investigate this material, respectively. XRD figure shows that the rheological sample is better crystallized than the solid-state one. XPS result of the rheological sample exhibits that the valence of Co is 2+. TEM images show that better dispersed particles with smaller size can be formed by rheological method comparing to the solid-state route. Charge-discharge test is carried out in the range of 3.0-5.0 V at 0.2 mA cm-2. The initial discharge capacity for rheological phase and solid-state powder is 71.5 and 30.9 mAh g-1, respectively. The better electrochemical property should be ascribed to the better crystallized rheological phase ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this work we present the electrical characterization of non self-aligned p-channel thin film transistors fabricated by using laser doping technique for source/drain contact formation and gate oxide deposited at room temperature by Electron Cyclotron Resonance Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition. These techniques are suitable for a very low temperature process for TFT fabrication. The output characteristics show a current increase at high drain voltage ('kink' effect) rather moderate, if compared to self aligned polysilicon TFTs, probably due to the gradual doping profile induced by laser doping process. After bias stress at low gate voltage and high drain voltage condition a strong reduction of kink current has been observed in the output characteristics at high drain voltage, whereas minor changes has been observed in the transfer characteristics. This behaviour is similar to what observed in n-channel Gate Overlapped Thin Film ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The authors introduce the single electron (Cooper-pair) tunneling junctions using c-axis Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub 8+d} (Bi-2212) superconducting single crystal whiskers. Focused-ion-beam (FIB) etching patterned the Bi-2212 whiskers. The fabricated small stacked junctions have in-plane area S smaller than <1 {micro}m{sup 2}. The junctions showed the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics with the periodic structure of current peaks. The stacking layered structure of Bi-2212 works as multi-junctions array which decrease the effective capacitance, C{sub {Sigma}} = C{sub 0}/N, where C{sub 0} is the capacitance of junction and N is the layer number of elementary junctions. The period of current peaks of I-V curves corresponds to the charging energy of the single Cooper pair, 2Ec (=e{sup 2}/C{sub {Sigma}}).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Properties of photoconductive ultraviolet detectors fabricated on ZnO films were presented. Highly c-axis oriented ZnO films were grown on glass substrates by pulsed laser deposition. Ultraviolet photodetectors were fabricated based on metal-semiconductor-metal planar structures. The photoresponsivity and the quantum efficiency are much higher in the ultraviolet range than in the visible range, and the peak values are around 360 nm. Photocurrent transients show that the detector has a large photocurrent with the peak value of 2.8 mA, and a slow photoresponse with a rise time of 5 min and a decay time of 7 min. The response curve of the detector is fitted well with exponential curve. The large photocurrent should result from the both effects of the accumulation of conduction electrons and the decrease of the barrier height between crystallites. The relaxation time constant {tau} obtained from the curve fitting represents the time accumulation during the process. The ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In order to establish the optimum fueling in a natural gas fueled dual fuel engine, tests were made for some operational parameters and their combination on the engine performances and the exhaust emissions. The results show that the gas oil quantity should be increased and gas oil injection timing should be advanced to suppress unburned hydrocarbon emission at middle and low output range, while the quantity should be reduced and the timing should be retarded to avoid onset of knock at high loads. The unburned hydrocarbon emission and the thermal efficiency are improved at the same load avoiding too lean natural gas premixture by restriction of intake charge air. However the improvement is limited because the ignition and initial combustion of pilot diesel fuel is deteriorated when the cylinder pressure is excessively lowered by throttling. The increase in pilot gas oil amount is effective for low-load operation and the adequate combination of ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Proton and neutron transfer populating low-lying states have been studied in the system "1"4"4Sm+"8"8Sr at an energy below the Coulomb barrier. The experimental cross sections for the single proton transfer are well reproduced by DWBA-calculations using spectroscopic information from light ion reactions. The two-proton transfer appears enhanced relative to the uncorrelated sequential transfer of single protons. The same holds for the transfer of proton pairs, the enhancement is kept for the second pair. This is interpreted as a supercurrent between two superfluid nuclear proton-pair wave functions: More mass and charge is transported per time unit in pairs than by single nucleons. Neutron transfer is observed with large cross sections and is found to contribute to the energy loss observed in the transfer reactions. For mixed proton-neutron transfers the sequential nature of the transfer reactions is established in a similar way as for the two-proton and two-neutron ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The construction and use of a portable, microprocessor controlled anodic stripping voltameter for on-site simultaneous metal analysis of copper, lead and cadmium in tap water is discussed. The instrumental system is comprised of a programmable controller which permits keying in analytical parameters such as sparge time and plating time: a rotating cell for efficient oxygen removal and amalgam formation; and, data handling via a minicomputer or analog pen recorder. Plating and stripping potentials are controlled by a digital potentiostat; stripping is done using a staircase waveform with measurement of the current after a one msec delay. In this way charging current effects are minimized. Results of tap water analysis showed 3 +- 1 ..mu..g/L lead, 22 +- 0.3 ..mu..g/L copper, and less than 0.2 ..mu..g/L cadmium for a Berkeley, California tap water, and 1-1000 ..mu..g/L Cu, 1 -2 ..mu..g/L Pb for ten samples of Seattle, Washington tap water. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Despite their high medical relevance, the principles of lubrication in natural joints are still unclear. It is generally accepted, that the presence of hyaluronic acid (HA), the main component of the synovial liquid, plays an important role for the low friction observed. Furthermore, it is assumed that surface active lipids participate in the lubrication. Using a model system of lipid bilayers deposited on a polyelectrolyte (PE) cushion and in contact with HA solution, we started to investigate the effects of pressure and shear forces, as experienced by natural joints, on the internal structure of the SiO{sub 2}/PE/lipid/HA interface and the bulk HA solution by neutron reflectometry (NR), complemented by in situ ellipsometry and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM-D) measurements. Only on positively charged polyelectrolyte surfaces, the successful build-up of the model system could be demonstrated. By NR, the existence of an irreversibly absorbed, ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A series of spinel Li4Ti5O12 samples were synthesized via a composite molten-salt method (CMSM) using the mixtures of LiCl and KCl with different L values (L is defined as the molar ratio of LiCl:KCl) as the reaction media. It is found that the melting point of the composite molten salt can effectively influence the formation of particles, and leads to different electrochemical performances of the as-prepare Li4Ti5O12. The investigations of X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size distribution (PSD), Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) surface area, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicate that the as-prepared Li4Ti5O12 with L = 1.5 is a pure phase, and has uniform homogeneous octahedral shape particles, rather narrow PSD, and high BET surface area. Electrochemical tests show that the optimized Li4Ti5O12 with L = 1.5 has an initial discharge capacity of 169 mAh g-1 and an initial charge-discharge efficiency of 94% at 0.2 C rate, and achieves good ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Systematic analysis of the energy level schemes, ground state absorption (GSA) and covalency effects for the Ni"2"+ ion in Ca_3Sc_2Ge_3O_1_2 was performed. The recently developed first-principles approach to the analysis of the absorption spectra of impurity ions in crystals based on the discrete variational multi-electron method (DV-ME) [K. Ogasawara et al., Phys. Rev. B 64, 115413 (2001)] was used in the calculations. As a result, complete energy level schemes of Ni"2"+ and its absorption spectra at both possible crystallographic positions (distorted octahedral Sc"3"+ and tetrahedral Ge"4"+ positions) were calculated, assigned and compared with experimental data. Energies of the charge transfer (CT) transitions for both positions are estimated. Numerical contributions of all possible electron configurations into the calculated energy states were determined. By performing analysis of the molecular orbitals (MO) population, it was shown that ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The effect of molybdenum on the electronic structure of the passive films formed on ferritic (Fe-Cr and Fe-Cr-Mo) stainless steels is examined by capacitance and photoelectrochemical measurements. The capacitance study is supported by a mathematical analysis of the Schottky barrier developed at the semiconductor-electrolyte interface in the case of a semiconductor with multiple bulk electronic states in the bandgap. The numerical simulations, based on the more general Mott-Schottky relation proposed, are in good agreement with the experimental results. It can be concluded that the capacitance behavior of the passive films is related to the contributions of a shallow donor level very close to the conduction band and a deep donor level at about 0.4 eV below the conduction band. The addition of molybdenum decreases the donor density of the deep level. Photoeffects observed for subbandgap photon energies reveal that this deep donor level behaves like a trapping ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Semiconducting properties of passive films formed on AISI 304 stainless steel grade were investigated by capacitances measurements in chloride containing aqueous solutions for different surface finishes: BA (bright annealing in hydrogen containing atmospheres) and 2B (standard annealing in oxidising atmospheres followed by pickling in acid, then water rinsing). Mott-Schottky analysis shows that for high enough electrode potential, and whatever the surface finish, the films behave like n-type semiconductors. 2B passive film appears to be more donor-doped than BA one and the density of donor states increases with chloride concentration. The electron donor levels are assumed to be generated by negatively charged cations vacancies produced by the chloride ions reaction with the outer passive film. This reaction looks easier for 2B than BA condition, which explains why BA resists better than 2B to pit nucleation.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kaolinite intercalated with potassium acetate is of great interest in the areas of environmental remediation and industrial application; however, its exact atomic structure and the changes which occur when heated have remained largely elusive. Here, neutron pair distribution function analysis is used to investigate the local structural characteristics of this complex material, revealing that hydrated potassium acetate exists as a single layer in the interlamellar spacing of kaolinite. Furthermore, the potassium ions within the intercalated complex are most likely associated with the resonance structure of the acetate molecules, and upon heating (and decomposition of the carbon containing molecules), these ions become strongly associated with the negative charge located on the oxygen atoms in the alumina layers of dehydroxylated kaolinite. Several possible orientations of hydrated potassium acetate within the interlamellar spacing of kaolinite have been proposed and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In a previous survey we revealed uncertainty among responders about (a) whether or not to perform hemodialysis in patients with severely reduced renal function who had received contrast medium; and (b) when to perform hemodialysis in patients on regular treatment with hemodialysis or continuous ambulatory dialysis who received contrast medium. Therefore, the Contrast Media Safety Committee of The European Society of Urogenital Radiology decided to review the literature and to issue guidelines. The committee performed a Medline search. Based on this, a report and guidelines were prepared. The report was discussed at the Ninth European Symposium on Urogenital Radiology in Genoa, Italy. Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis safely remove both iodinated and gadolinium-based contrast media. The effectiveness of hemodialysis depends on many factors including blood and dialysate flow rate, permeability of dialysis membrane, duration of hemodialysis and molecular size, ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In the decoupling limit M_A_"0"2>>M_Z"2, the heavy CP-even, CP-odd, and charged Higgs boson masses are nearly degenerate, sin(#beta#-#alpha#) approaches 1, and the lightest CP-even Higgs boson almost displays the same properties as the standard model Higgs boson. But the top and bottom squark sectors can change this pattern through radiative corrections. We find that there are parameter regions at small and moderate tan #beta# in the minimal supersymmetry standard model under experimental constraints of (g-2)_#mu#, b#->#s#gamma#, and lower bounds of Higgs boson and sparticle masses, where sin"2(#beta#-#alpha#) is damped (say below 0.8), which has a significant effect on Higgs couplings g_h_"0_V_V(V=W"#+-#,Z"0) and g_h_"0_#gamma#_#gamma#. We discuss its impact on the lightest CP-even Higgs boson production at #gamma##gamma# colliders.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A general calculation method for the analysis of transmission capability of a long-distance single-core ac submarine cable system is presented. The method is based on modal transformation of voltages and currents in multiconductor cable systems. Using this method, numerical calculations on 500 kV submarine cable systems have been performed with particular reference to the effect of the distance between bonds connecting metallic sheath, outer conductor and armor on the transmission capacity of the system. It was clarified that the transmission capacity of the system increased with decreasing bond intervals. Examination of the current distributions between various conductors along the length showed that this increase of transmission capacity was mainly due to the dispersion of the charging current into the metallic sheath, outer conductor and armoring at the bonding points. Analytical results for the transmission capacities of long-distance 500 ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This report is in accordance with Phase I of the United States Department of Energy and Bureau of Mines Contract No. USDOE DE-AC01-77QQ90147. A thorough literature search was conducted and the current mining practice at nine coal stripping operations reviewed in detail. A review of the state of the art of blast design using current theory and practice is presented. Based upon this information, a series of recommendations are presented and a detailed test program is outlined for three operations. The recommendations to increase dragline productivity by improved blast design are directed at filling the bucket more quickly, with greater consistency and with a better fill factor: (a) overburden fragmentation, (b) muckpile displacements, and (c) blasting reliability. Recommended blast design concepts and operating procedures to provide the desired blast performance include: (1) Increase energy input per BCY by 40 to 100 percent and improve the effective powder ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This presentation describes a method for separating {sup 14}C-hexose from {sup 14}C-sucrose in extracts of plant tissue. Portions of ethanol extracts are treated with activated charcoal in microcentrifuge tubes. Aliquots are removed, ethanol evaporated and replaced with reaction mixture that phosphorylates hexose (HEPPS, K{sub 2}HPO{sub 4}, Mg(C{sub 2}H{sub 3}O{sub 2}){sub 2}, ovalbumen, Na{sub 2}ATP, yeast hexokinase). After a time course, the hexokinase reaction is stopped (slowed considerably) to minimize effects of contamination enzyme activities. The stopping agent used is lyxose, a nonphosphorylable analogue of glucose. The strong anionic charge of phosphate introduced through the hexokinase action results in binding (> 95%) of hexose-phosphate to anion-exchange resin. Sucrose remains unbound (> 95%) in solution. This batch ion-exchange is performed in microcentrifuge tubes to allow many samples to be processed simultaneously. ...

CERN Document Server

Within the type-I seesaw framework with three heavy right chiral neutrinos and in the basis where the latter and the charged leptons are mass diagonal, a near `mu-tau' symmetry in the neutrino sector is strongly suggested by the neutrino oscillation data. There is further evidence for a close to the tribimaximal mixing pattern which subsumes `mu-tau' symmetry. On the other hand, the assumption of a (maximally allowed) four zero texture in the Yukawa coupling matrix Y_nu in the same basis leads to a highly constrained and predictive theoretical scheme. We show that the requirement of an exact `mu-tau' symmetry, coupled with observational constraints, reduces the `seventy two' allowed textures in such a `Y_nu' to 'only four' corresponding to just two different forms of the light neutrino mass matrix `m_nu'. The effect of each of these on measurable quantities can be described, apart from an overall factor of the neutrino mass scale, in terms of ...

CERN Document Server

Ozsvath and Szabo show that there is a spectral sequence whose E^2 term is the reduced Khovanov homology of L, and which converges to the Heegaard Floer homology of the (orientation reversed) branched double cover of S^3 along L. We prove that the E^k term of this spectral sequence is an invariant of the link L when k>2. If L is a transverse link, then we show that Plamenevskaya's transverse invariant gives rise to a transverse invariant of L in each of these higher terms.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

We performed a randomized trial to compare IVF outcomes in 54 poor responder patients undergoing a microdose leuprolide acetate (LA) protocol or a GnRH antagonist protocol incorporating a luteal phase E2 patch and GnRH antagonist in the preceding menstrual cycle. Cancellation rates, number of oocytes retrieved, clinical pregnancy rates (PR), and ongoing PRs were similar between the two groups.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

What utilizes the effect of electrohydrodynamical technique (EHD), as one of heat transfer augmentation methods, is methodically frequented and partially prepared to be put to practical use. Then, the heat transfer augmentation effect on nucleate boiling, utilizing the EHD effect, was both experimentally and theoretically studied from both the applicative and basic viewpoints. By adding fleon with 2wt% ethyl alcohol, higher in electric conductivity, in order to have the mitigation time of electric charge correspond to the bubbling frequency of bubble, the heat transfer augmentation was enabled to be about 8.5 times as high as that without impressing the electric field. As a result of observing the behavior of bubble in the electric field, was observed a phenomenon of bubble, moving from place to place, without ascending, on the plane electrode plate, by which could be found one of causes of the heat ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Full text: The general population is daily exposed to chronic, low doses of ionizing radiation (IR) from both natural and artificial sources. The biological consequences of acute, high dose IR exposure can be readily determined; however, the nature and significance of low dose, low dose-rate IR effects are still the subject of debate. Confounding the issue, are the phenomena collectively referred to as the Radiation-induced Bystander Effect (RIBE). The RIBE describes a collection of in vitro observations that suggest the presence of a soluble, transmissible factor(s) released from irradiated cells that can induce a biological response in un-irradiated cells. The induction, nature and magnitude of the RIBE varies between cell culture systems, radiation sources and end-points measured. Efforts to confirm the presence of the RIBE in vivo have been confined to in vivo-like culture systems and limited work with tumour and bone-marrow transplantation ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The effect that different chemical and physical atomic environments can have on the relative intensities of radiative electron transitions from the filling of K shell vacancies was investigated. The method used involved the detection of photoionization induced X-ray fluorescence. An experimental system based on a hyper pure germanium detector (HPGE) was used to measure the relative K-L and K-M X-ray yields from the photofluorescence of a series of lanthanide elements and compounds. A background subtraction and peak integration strategy was employed which accounted for scattering in the samples and scattering of the flux from the radioisotope photoionization sources. Analysis of the data resulted in a tabulation of relative K/sub #beta#//K/sub #alpha#/ X-ray intensity ratios. The measured relative K/sub #beta#//K/sub #alpha#/ X-ray intensity ratios were compared to the calculated values predicted by the theoretical development of Scofield and the average of previous ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy was selected by NASA as part of the ChemCam instrument package for the Mars Science Laboratory rover to be launched in 2009. ChemCam's Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy instrument will ablate surface coatings from materials and measure the elemental composition of underlying rocks and soils at distances from 1 up to 10 m. The purpose of our studies is to develop an analytical methodology enabling identification and quantitative analysis of these geological materials in the context of the ChemCam's Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy instrument performance. The study presented here focuses on several terrestrial rock samples which were analyzed by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy at an intermediate stand-off distance (3 m) and in an atmosphere similar to the Martian one (9 mbar CO{sub 2}). The experimental results highlight the matrix effects and the measurement inaccuracies due to the noise accumulated ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The next relativistic correction to #alpha# to for bound state mass of two charged scalar particles is calculated in the quantum scalar electrodynamics by the functional integral method. Contribution of the ''nonphysical'' time variable turned out to be important and leads to nonanalytic dependence of the bound state mass on #alpha#. In conclusion, one can say that the functional approach is the best mathematical representation to preserve the gauge invariance. The lowest approximation of this functional representation is the pure nonrelativistic Feynman path integral representation of the nonrelativistic Schroedinger equation. The functional integral representation shows that any regular series for next corrections to #alpha# does not exist and these corrections cannot be reduced to some terms of the nonrelativistic potential in the Schroedinger picture. In other words, the ''nonphysical'' time coordinate is important and leads to corrections which are not ...

Science.gov (United States)

The author points out that errors in certain measurements are preventing improvements in coke: thermocouples (errors caused by the thermocouple installation and variations in the temperature of the cold junctions); dilatometers (errors caused by size of heating block and differences in starting temperature led to differences between two instruments); errors in measuring the bulk density of the coking charge. The elimination of these sources of error in determinations of the technological and physical properties of coke oven charge should assist in the study of other problems which are delaying improvements in blast furnace coke production.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Doubly-excited 2s-12p-13pnp autoionizing resonance series of Ne atom as well as autoionizing resonances in the 2s region of Na and Mg atoms have been studied with monochromatized synchrotron radiation. Use of charge-separated photoion-yield method allowed us to detect these weak resonances in a clarified way in the yield curves of doubly-charged ions. The observed resonance states have been interpreted with the help of MCDF calculations, and the decay processes of these resonance states are discussed briefly.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Energy conservation and local energy deposition are investigated in the context of coupled-particle (i.e., neutrons, gamma rays, and charged particles) transport analysis. For charged particles, the concept of group splitting the 1 = 0 transfer matrix to ensure both particle and energy conservation is introduced. Although these procedures are more complex than those found in the usual neutron or coupled-neutron gamma-ray problem, they yield a consistent approach for the calculation of local energy deposition.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Preheating processed materials and combustion air can result in processing and fuel-efficiency gains in industrial smelting furnaces. For example, fuel consumption in reverberatory furnaces used in copper smelting would drop by as much as 63% at the same throughput by preheating the charge in a countercurrent mode to 1400/sup 0/F by exhaust gases that have an initial temperature of 2500/sup 0/F. Concurrent charge preheating would result in a maximum decrease of 46% in natural gas consumption. An analysis of these gains also provides equations for calculating investment returns and nomographs for optimizing charge-preheating temperatures for reverberatory furnaces.