Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Radon ({sup 222}Rn) is a naturally occurring radioactive gas and can be used as a tracer in hydrogeologic studies. Radon concentration measurements have been achieved in ground-air and in groundwater by means of nuclear track detectors to estimate long-term variations. Continuous measurements have been conducted using an electronic automatic probe, to evaluate short-term variations. The results obtained from bore-holes show a good correlation between the aquifer`s structural characteristics and the radon concentrations. The continuous measurements specify rainfall influence. (author). 10 refs., 7 figs., 2 tabs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In addition to their use in high-speed ovens, microwaves are also finding applications in industrial manufacture, quality control and storage - anywhere where the high-frequency transmission or reflection properties of a material can be exploited. Microwaves are also being used in medical applications for the characterization of certain type of tumours. They are also being used in research into ultrasonic cavitation. (authors) 5 refs.

Science.gov (United States)

... Producers and their Impacts on Women in Central Java, IndonesiaActions basées sur des scénarios visant à élever ... impact sur les femmes dans le centre de Java, en IndonésieInvestigación-acción basada en...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In order to conserve vaccines in hot countries a solar refrigerator has been made by a French university. It is a photothermal refrigerator without batteries. It uses two gases: ammonia and calcium chloride. The refrigerator is autonomous and can work eleven days without sun. (N.C.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Purex process and the fluorescence spectrometry are first recalled, then uranyl fluorescence is studied in a pure nitric medium without other elements to establish a theoretical model, allowing the description of uranium fluorescence signal with a general equation. The influence of different parameters (temperature, inhibitors, dynamic quenching of iron and cerium) is investigated to develop the model. A quantitative analysis method without addition of reagents is proposed to validate the model.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The new generation of performing rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (``rocking-chair``-type) are penalized by important self-output phenomena linked with the use of highly oxidizing positive electrodes. In order to limit this problem in LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4}/C batteries, two different passivation techniques were used in order to limit the surface contact between the positive electrode and the electrolyte. Thanks to these treatments, a significant reduction of the percentage of irreversible capacity losses is effectively observed. (J.S.) 3 refs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This book brings together the 103 presentations given at the 2. conference of the international institute of refrigeration (IIF/IIR) about air conditioning in high rise office buildings. The main themes are: design of air conditioning equipment for high buildings; air quality and thermal comfort inside these buildings; constraints and possible improvements of the refrigeration equipment used; energy conservation; fire protection and smokes detection. All themes are presented both on the technical and economical points of view and concern more particularly the buildings of Chinese cities. This publication is available both on the book and CD-Rom forms. (J.S.)

Science.gov (United States)

This paper details the design of a premixed, swirl-stabilized combustor that was designed and built for the express purpose of obtaining validation-quality data for the development of large eddy simulations (LES) of gas turbine combustors. The combustor features nonambiguous boundary conditions, a geometrically simple design that retains the essential fluid dynamics and thermochemical processes that occur in actual gas turbine combustors, and unrestrictive access for laser and optical diagnostic measurements. After discussing the design detail, a preliminary investigation of the performance and operating envelope of the combustor is presented. With the combustor operating on premixed methane/air, both the equivalence ratio and the inlet velocity were systematically varied and the flame structure was recorded via digital photography. Interesting lean flame blowout and resonance characteristics were observed. In addition, the combustor exhibited ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fluid dynamic analysis of a commercial, counter-flow Ranque-Hilsch Vortex Tube (Rh vt), Ex air 25 s cfm, has been performed in this work both experimentally and numerically; in particular Rh vt cooling power and temperature separation performances have been tested in both direct cooling employment (jet impingement) and indirect cooling employment (supplying cold plates). Experimental techniques, used in this work, revealed several difficulties to produce detailed information about velocity and temperature fields inside the tube and at both the exits. Hence numerical simulation of the flow inside the tube has been conducted using the commercial Cfd code Fluent 6.3.26. Compressible, turbulent, high swirling flow inside Rh vt has been simulated by using both Rans and Les approaches. In particular several turbulence closures have been used in the Rans simulations and results have been compared with Les ones. Large Eddy ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Simplifying hypotheses are required when combustion and aerodynamic phenomena are considered simultaneously. In this paper, a turbulent combustion model is proposed, in which the combustion chemistry is reduced to a single reaction. In this way, only two variables are needed to describe the problem and combustion can be characterized by the consumption of one of the two reactive species. In a first step, the instantaneous consumption rate is obtained using the Lagrangian form of the mass fraction equation of the species under consideration, and by considering the equilibrium state only. This state is determined in order to preserve the consistency with results that should be obtained using a complete kinetics scheme. In a second step, the average rate is determined using the instantaneous consumption term and a probabilistic density function. This model was tested on various configurations and in particular on an experimental main chamber and on a reheating chamber. Results indicate ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The suitability of the turbulent combustion flamelets model in order to predict the index of NO{sub x} production in turbulent flames of hydrogen diffusion is analyzed. In the flamelet approach, the turbulent flame is equivalent to a group of laminar flames submitted to a mechanical stretching which generates a chemical disequilibrium. This effect can be described by the stretching or by the scalar dissipation ratio. A numerical modeling is performed in order to evaluate the advantages of both approaches and to compare the behaviour of the NO{sub x} emission index with the experiments of Chen and Driscoll. This study shows that predictions of NO{sub x} emission indexes have a correct behaviour with respect to the Damkoehler number only when the scalar dissipation ratio is used as a parameter to describe the chemical state outside equilibrium. Predictions of the flamelet models are improving when the Damkoehler number increases. On the other hand, the absolute NO{sub x} concentrations ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Various pollution abatement measures available to combat oil spills were reviewed with emphasis on biodegradation. Microorganisms naturally found in soils and groundwater can efficiently degrade a variety of organic contaminants. For certain sites, local temperature allows the microorganisms to reduce the contaminant concentrations without human intervention. In April 1994, a diesel fuel leak was found at a telecommunication station located in a park. The leak had already contaminated the surrounding soil. The first step of the clean-up procedure was to excavate the contaminated soil, followed by an evaluation to determine the extent of the remaining contamination. It was concluded that by using natural attenuation the deforestation of the remaining affected area could be prevented. In this instance, the natural attenuation process is expected to take five years for completion. 4 refs., 1 tab., 1 fig.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lithium hexa-fluoro-phosphate LiPF{sub 6} is recommended for the replacement of the toxic LiAsF{sub 6} and the explosive perchlorates (like LiClO{sub 4}) in rechargeable lithium electrochemical generators. The aim of this work is to develop a new method of synthesis of this salt and to check its stability with respect to carbonated solvents: ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC) and dimethyl-carbonate (DMC) in already optimized EC/DMC and PC/DMC binary mixtures. Two methods using HPF{sub 6} are proposed: the first one uses the direct neutralization of this commercial acid by LiOH in aqueous, alcoholic or acetonitrile environment, while in the second one LiPF{sub 6} is obtained from pyridinium hexa-fluoro-phosphate synthesized from HPF{sub 6} using a new and simple protocol. (J.S.) 24 refs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

the development of lithium metal batteries is hindered by the bad reversibility of the Li{sup +}/Li pair, due to dendrites formation which limits the amount of active matter and can generate short-circuits. The chemical and electrochemical phenomena which take place at the electrode/organic electrolyte interface lead to the formation of a complex passivation film which is of prime importance for the functioning of this type of batteries. The in-situ infrared reflection spectroscopy is well adapted to the chemical study of the passivation layer. Two different techniques were used: the substraction normalized interfacial transform infrared spectroscopy (SNIFTIRS) and the electro-chemically modulated infrared reflectance spectroscopy. These methods have shown that the passivation layer that develops on the surface of the lithium electrode in contact with organic solutions (propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate and dimethoxyethane) is mainly made of lithium alkyl carbonates (ROCO{sub ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Steam generator tubes in nuclear power plants are periodically checked by means of eddy current probes. The output of a probe is composed of three types of signals: known events (rolling zone, support plates, U-bend part), noise (mainly metallurgical noise) and possible flaws. The latter are random transients, both in arrival time and in shape: they have to be detected and then estimated, before to be fed to the high level stages of a diagnostics system. The objective of the study presented is to develop a semi-automatic system, which could manage and process more than 1 M-bytes of data per tube and provide an operator with reliable diagnostics proposals within a few minutes. This can be achieved only by cooperation of several digital signal processing techniques: detection, segmentation, estimation, noise subtraction, adaptive filtering, modelization, pattern recognition. The paper describes some of these items.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This article, published in issue 80 of 'l'ACROnique du nucleaire', aims to retrace the early steps in the consideration of the possibility of a nuclear accident in France, with the inclusion of 'non-institutional' participants and applying the lessons learned in Belarus in the contaminated territories around the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. After a review of the origin of the involvement of the Association pour le Controle de la Radioactivite dans l'Ouest (ACRO) in addressing post-accident issues alongside the populations living in an environment polluted by radioactivity, it discusses, from the critical viewpoint of an NGO, the context and the working method adopted for this examination. This is followed by some key elements of the programme and unresolved questions about the available body of knowledge which motivates research and about the method adopted for the work. The conclusion, moderately optimistic, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The development of rechargeable lithium batteries with a high mass capacity, made with non-toxic and low cost materials is an important industrial challenge. Morphological and structural modifications occurring in the electrode materials during charge-output cycles should not lower the electrochemical characteristics and the cycling properties of the battery. Thus the structure of electrode materials must be sufficiently deformable and stable to support the constraints linked with lithium intercalation and de-intercalation (ions and electrons absorption/extraction). The aim of this work is to explain some characteristics (mass capacity, ions and electrons mobility, cycling) using the relation between some mechanisms of lithium insertion (sites occupation, lattice reduction mods) and the nature of atoms and chemical bonds (covalence, ionicity). This approach is developed on 2-D models of crystallized and vitreous sulfur compounds (CdI{sub 2} type) with a large inter-sheet distance, and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This study resumes the discovery of an excess of actinium 227 found around by EL4 nuclear reactor actually in dismantling. The search for the origin of this excess revealed a real inquiry of investigation during three years. Because a nuclear reactor existed in this area a particular attention will have concerned this region. The doubt became the line of conduct to find the answer to the human or natural origin of this excess. Finally and against any evidence, it appears that the origin of this phenomenon was natural, consequence of the particular local geology. The detail of the different investigations is given: search of a possible correlation with the composition of elevations constituent of lanes, search (and underlining) of new sites in the surroundings of the Rusquec pond and the Plouenez station, study of the atmospheric deposits under winds of the nuclear power plant and in the east direction, search of a possible relationship with the gaseous effluents of the nuclear power ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The mass generation in the Standard Model of Particles Physics relies on a spontaneous symmetry breaking mechanism. Its implementation is recalled, along with its constraints, both theoretical (Naturalness, Stability, Triviality, Unitarity) and experimental (limits of direct and indirect searches, prospects). Calculation techniques for observables evaluation in Perturbative Field Theory are described, particularly Helicity Amplitude method, which is given in details: fermions and vector bosons, massless and massive. Monte-Carlo integration, and structure functions approximations (which allows non-perturbative calculations) are also detailed. With these tools, a process giving to Physics beyond the Standard Model is studied: it leads to an experimental prediction for the LEP collision ring, taking the classical background into account. Technical aspects of a future photon linear collider are reviewed. The production of heavy vector bosons, either the classical Z for the hypothetical ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In front of the risks linked with the increase of the greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere, the decision makers must take into consideration first, the scientific advice of climatic change experts, and second, the considerable inertia of the climatic system. Thus, any action implemented so far will have an impact all along the 21. century and later whatever the future human activities. The aim of this memento is to sensibilize the decision makers about the possible consequences of their choice in terms of volume of greenhouse gases and of medium- and long-term evolution: 1 - stakes, role of local decision-makers (greenhouse effect and climatic change, France's international commitment, stakes, liabilities of local decision makers, decentralization laws, local plans of fight against greenhouse effect, public information and dialogue); 2 - urbanism and transports (urban displacements, alternatives to individual cars, collective transportation systems, parking, inter-region ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This research has two main goals. First, we wanted to introduce optimization tools in the diffusion code DONJON, mostly for fuel management. The second objective is more practical. The optimization capabilities are applied to the fuel management problem for different CANDU reactors at refueling equilibrium state. Two kinds of approaches are considered and implemented in this study to solve optimization problems in the code DONJON. The first methods are based on gradients and on the quasi-linear mathematical programming. The method initially developed in the code OPTEX is implemented as a reference approach for the gradient based methods. However, this approach has a major drawback. Indeed, the starting point has to be a feasible point. Then, several approaches have been developed to be more general and not limited by the initial point choice. Among the different methods we developed, two were found to be very efficient: the multi-step method and the mixte method. The second kind of ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The FVM-LES-acoustic analogy method (FVM-LES-AAM), which is a hybrid prediction technique for the acoustical property computation, is presented and performed in this paper. The FVM-LES-AAM was developed by combining the finite volume method (FVM), the large eddy simulation (LES), and the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings analogy algorithm (FWH-AA). To predict the acoustical properties of induction cookers, the FVM is used for discretizing the calculation field and building numerical equations, and the LES and FWH-AA are performed for computing the sound sources and predicting the far-field sound, respectively. Using the FVM with the unstructured grids method to discretize the control equation of Navier-Stokes was introduced for illuminating the above numerical simulation procedure. To prove the FVM...

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In order to practice a design-by-analysis of thermohydraulics design of BWR fuel rod bundles, the subchannel analysis would play a major role. There, the immediate concern is improvement in its predictive capability of CHF due in particular to the film dryout (boiling transition phenomena: BT) on the fuel rod surface. Constitutive equations in the subchannel analysis formulation are responsible for the quality of calculated results. The constitutive equations are a result of integration of the local and instantaneous description of two-phase flows over the subchannel control volume. In general, they are expressed in terms of subchannel-control-volume- as well as area-averaged two-phase flow state variables. In principle the information on local and instantaneous physical phenomena taking place inside subchannels must be counted for in the algebraic form of the equations on the basis of a more mechanistic modeling approach. They should include also influences of the multi-dimensional ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Idiopathic achalasia is a primary esophageal motor disorder characterized by esophageal aperistalsis and abnormal lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxation in response to deglutition. It is a rare...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The objective of this manuscript is to fully derive a geophysical multiphase model able to ''accommodate'' different multiphase turbulence approaches; viz., the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS), the Large Eddy Simulation (LES), or hybrid RANSLES. This manuscript is the first part of a larger geophysical multiphase project--lead by LANL--that aims to develop comprehensive modeling tools for large-scale, atmospheric, transient-buoyancy dusty jets and plume (e.g., plinian clouds, nuclear ''mushrooms'', ''supercell'' forest fire plumes) and for boundary-dominated geophysical multiphase gravity currents (e.g., dusty surges, diluted pyroclastic flows, dusty gravity currents in street canyons). LES is a partially deterministic approach constructed on either a spatial- or a temporal-separation between the large and small scales of the flow, ...

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Science.gov (United States)

sur la médiatisation des élections Il s'est ouverte le 16 septembre 2011 à Matadi dans le Bas-Congo une formation sur la médiatisation des questions électorales,...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The results make appear that the cesium 137 would be eliminated less quick than what the ICRP considered for its models. Pectin would accelerate the cesium elimination but less quick than what is announced by its promotors. Politically speaking, the pectin is ignored by the officials of medicine and radiation protection at the pretext that its efficiency is not proved but no study is made. (N.C.)

CERN Multimedia

  Le Club d’Orientation du CERN vous propose de venir participer à la cinquième étape de la coupe d’automne Genevoise. Celle-ci sera organisée samedi 16 octobre par le club de Lausanne-Jorat (Canton de Vaud). Un fléchage depuis le Mont-sur-Lausanne en direction de Cugy vous conduira au Chalet à Gobet. 5 circuits seront proposés sur la carte Le Flon. Les inscriptions et les départs se feront sur place de 13h à 15h. Il est prévu une initiation à 13h30 pour les débutants. Les deux dernières étapes de la coupe d’automne sont prévues pour vendredi 22 octobre au soir et samedi 23 octobre après-midi. Le Club d’Orientation du CERN Informations sur le site ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The increasing sophistication of modern cars and todays tendency of developing compact vehicles more adapted to urban traffic have led to increased performance requirements from alternators and their bearings. This paper describes todays criteria for the design of alternators and of their bearings (improvement of tightness, design of race, grease, specific steels) and the final validation of the products. The last part of the paper describes the new CARB toroidal roller bearing developed by SKF which can support misalignments and internal axial displacements under high rotation speeds. (J.S.)

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Science.gov (United States)

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Science.gov (United States)

... They comprise of a power model for the representation of the electric system, a fluid model that represents the cooling fluid flow, three layers of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The patient positioning and repositioning control in radiation therapy all along the treatment can be conducted using a variety of X-ray sources and imaging detector devices. The development of image guided radiation therapy techniques leads to more frequent use of this imaging control. In this article we summarize the current methods for measuring the dose delivered by X-ray imaging devices used in radiation therapy, as well as basic proposals to take account of these imaging doses for prescribing, recording and reporting radiation therapy treatment. (authors)

Science.gov (United States)

The TTT diagrams describing the beta to alpha isothermal transformation have been made by isothermal dilatometry for pure uranium and 21 alloys based on chromium, silicon, molybdenum, iron, aluminium, zirconium. The thermal cycle preceeding the isothermal...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Interaction of drilling fluids with a geothermal reservoir formation can result in significant permeability impairment and therefore reduced well productivity. This interaction is studied under simulated in situ geothermal conditions of overburden stress, pore fluid pressure, temperature, and pore fluid chemistry. Permeability impairment of an East Mesa KGRA reservoir material is evaluated as a function of stagnation time, drilling fluid, and temperature. Results indicate that all of these parameters contribute significantly to the magnitude and the reversibility of the impairment.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The present report concerns a research for the tritium and for the carbon 14 in lichens in a spirit of bio-indication: the first results appear in Daillant and al (2004 ) and additional results were presented to the congress B.I.O.M.A.P. in Slovenia, organized collectively by the institute Josef Stefan from Ljubljana and the international atomic energy agency from Vienna (Daillant and al 2003). (N.C.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The petroleum and petroleum products increase offer a real development opportunity to the alternative fuels. In the context of the french energy accounting increase, the energy independence notion incites the government to promote these new fuels. If the LPG seems declining because of the accident risks fear, the fuel cell is not for today. Near these two sectors what is the future of the biofuels and the natural gas vehicle or the electric cars? (A.L.B.)

CERN Document Server

At the beginning of the seventies, physicists discovered a new scale in the matter structure. Protons and neutrons, components of the atomic nucleus, seemed to be constituted by even more elementar particles: the quarks. But while they seemed to move freely inside the protons, it was impossible to isolate one of these quarks. The Nobel Prize for physics rewarded the explanation of this phenomenon (3 pages)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

HyPac is a french platform on the hydrogen and fuel cells applications, created in 2008. the authors presents the opportunities of the french platform HyPac, the objectives, the participants and the budget. (A.L.B.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this article, the author presents the main technological solutions, available or in development, on X-ray detectors in order to obtain a digital image in biomedical radiography or in industrial radiography: linear x-ray detectors and bidimensional x-ray detectors (memory radioluminescent screens, matrix plan detectors).

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The dental pulp consists of loose connective tissue encased in rigid dentinal walls. Because of its topography the tissue has low interstitial compliance and limited capacity to expand during fluid...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

This article discusses three largely unrecognized aspects related to fluid movement in ocular tissues; namely, a) the dynamic changes in water permeability observed in corneal and conjunctival...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

It turns out of interest to Comision Federal de Electricidad and Petroleos Mexicanos to reduce costs of fuel oil, reducing the viscosity of the residues petroleum of high vacuum distillation emulsifying these with water. The parameters that define the characteristics of the emulsions are mainly the relation of their components, viscosity, size and drop distribution and its stability. The experimental work began producing emulsions in form of lots, using samples of approximately 500 milliliters of vacuum residue. In this first stage, at different concentrations, were examined eight different surfactants, as well as combinations among them, also seven different stabilizers were used. With these tests it has been managed to identify the concentrations, as well as the most adequate relations of surfactants and stabilizers for the production of emulsions of vacuum residues in water. The size and drop distribution has been determined by means of an optical LEICA microscope, model DMLS, that ...

Science.gov (United States)

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Czech Academy of Sciences Repository

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mineral oil based power transmitting fluids, such as automatic transmission fluids, are disclosed which contain 0.05 to 2.0 weight percent of an ester of a thio-bis alkanol and a C/sub 12/-C/sub 50/ hydrocarbon succinic acid or anhydride, the ester being a multifunctional additive providing the properties of friction modification, corrosion inhibition, anti-wear, oxidation inhibition and extreme pressure properties to the fluids.

Science.gov (United States)

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KoreaScience (Korea)

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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... coolants departure nucleate boiling fluid flow fluidic control devices fuel

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The European gas market is continuing to expand due to increased industrial, domestic and power generation demand. As a result of this demand, and the trend toward liberalization of the market, the need for storage of gas is also increasing. One key segment of the large scale storage of gas is underground storage, either in partially depleted gas or oil fields, naturally occurring caverns, aquifers and salt cavities. In most cases the gas produced after storage requires conditioning to meet the water of hydrocarbon dew point specification of the gas transmission system. For that reason export gas from storage will require gas conditioning in order to meet pipeline specifications. Adsorption as a feasible and reliable process will be presented in detail and especially in regards to hydrocarbon dew-pointing compared with other process options. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Since several years, several manufacturers of circuit breakers from various countries (South Africa, UK, The Netherlands, USA..) try to impose in accommodations a highly sensitive electronic-type of differential circuit-breaker initially devoted to industrial installations where qualified and experienced professionals are present. This technical paper presents first the principles of the classical electromechanical circuit breakers and of the electronic circuit breaker, and then compares their relative efficiency and level of safety in residential use conditions (grounding schemes, voltage drops, rupture of the neutral conductor, rupture of the phase conductor, overvoltages). (J.S.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

CYRANO3 is the new EDF thermomechanical code developed to evaluate the overall fuel rod behavior under irradiation. In that context, this paper presents the phenomena to be simulated and the correlations adopted for modelling purposes. The empirical models presented are taken from the CYRANO2 code and a compilation of the relevant literature. The present revision corrects and supplements version B on the basis of its use during the software coding phase from January 1991 to May 1993. (authors). figs., tabs., 120 refs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Condensing curves are presented for a number of two-component mixed hydrocarbon working fluids which are potentially usable in binary geothermal cycles. Performance of geothermal thermodynamic cycles incorporating these fluids has been evaluated under separate cover; two figures summarizing the results of those evaluations have been included here for continuity. The purpose of this report is: first, to document the condensing curves which were used in the mixed fluid cycle analyses, and second, to provide background useful in the preliminary evaluation of heat rejection systems for advanced geothermal electric power plants utilizing mixed hydrocarbon working fluids. Some concluding remarks are presented.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy looks at the possibilities for improved waste water utilization in the Lavey-les-Bains thermal spa, Switzerland. According to the regulations in force, the temperature of the waste water rejected into the Rhone river shall not exceed 30 {sup o}C, what is currently not the case. Also the operational cost shall be reduced and the waste water quality improved. The installations are presented. From the two geothermal wells, mineral water comes out at an average flow rate of 940 l/min and a temperature of 63 {sup o}C. Actual waste water data are reported. The measured thermal water consumption data, including seasonal variations, are analysed by computerized simulation and measures to reduce the consumed volume by the optimization of internal procedures are evaluated. Measures to reduce the quantity of the rejected free chlorine are discussed. Several possible adaptations of the existing space heating, domestic ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

R?sum? La rate baladeuse est une anomalie rare chez l?enfant. Elle est souvent d?crite chez l?adulte, particuli?rement la femme enceinte. Elle est due ? un d?faut de fixit? anatomique de la rate avec les organes de voisinage. Ses manifestations cliniques sont variables, mais la complication la plus redoutable est la survenue d?une torsion du p?dicule spl?nique. Nous rapportons le cas d?une fille de 11 ans qui s?est pr?sent?e avec des douleurs abdominales aigu?s et des vomissements. Les examens radiologiques ont montr? une absence de la vascularisation spl?nique. ? l?exploration chirurgicale, on a d?couvert une torsion du p?dicule spl?nique avec une isch?mie tissulaire avanc?e. La rate ?tait d?pourvue d?attaches ligamentaires. La d?torsion n?a pas permis de sauvegarder la rate, et une spl?n...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report presents the main conclusions of 15 years of researches managed by the CEA. This report is the preliminary version of the 2005 final report. It presents the main conclusions of the actions on the axis 1 and 3 of the law of the 30 December 1991. The synthesis report on the axis 1 concerns results obtained on the long lived radionuclides separation and transmutation in high level and long lived radioactive wastes. the synthesis report on the axis 3 presents results obtained by the processes of conditioning and of ground and underground long term storage. (A.L.B.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The accuracy of the carbon 14 dating method is dependent on the fluctuations of carbon 14 in the atmosphere over long periods of time. Fossil corals that are dated by both carbon 14 and uranium-thorium methods allows the setting of calibration curves for the carbon 14 method for the last 50.000 years. The uranium-thorium method is based on the measurement of the ratio of 2 isotopes: thorium 230 and uranium 234 that are both present in the decay chain of uranium 238. (A.C.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The measurement of air pollutants is no more sufficient. It is necessary to assess the risk induced by air pollution, and then to put in place actions to reduce it. The air quality monitoring takes into account different pollutants: nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, particulates for the traffic; sulfur dioxide and particulates for use of fuel or coal or chemical transformations in air; ozone and nitrogen dioxide from hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxides emissions; the use of simulation methods allow to calculate the concentrations levels for these pollutants taken as indicators. (N.C.)

Science.gov (United States)

The Bingham plastic constitutive model has been widely used to predict the post-yield behavior of electro- and magneto- rheological fluids (ER and MR fluids). However, if these fluids experience shear thinning or shear thickening, the Bingham plastic model may not be an accurate predictor of behavior, since the post-yield plastic viscosity is assumed to be constant. In a recent study, it was theoretically and experimentally demonstrated that the Herschel-Bulkley fluid model can be successfully employed when evaluating non- Newtonian post-yield behavior of ER and MR fluids. In this paper, the Herschel-Bulkley model is employed to include a detailed analysis of ER and MR fluid dynamics through pipes and parallel plates. Simplified explicit expressions for the exact formulation are also developed. It is shown that the proposed simplified model of the ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Complex fluids have long posed a significant challenge in our ability to characterize and model fluid properties. Here, we consider complex fluids to be mixtures with many components that can differ significantly in polarity and polarizability. The penultimate complex fluid is crude oil, although many other fluids such as finished fuels are also highly complex. We have recently introduced a measurement strategy that can simplify these efforts and provides the added potential of linking chemical composition (i.e. analytical) information with physical property information. In addition to chemical characterization, the approach provides the ability to calculate thermodynamic and transport properties for such complex heterogeneous streams. The technique is based on the advanced distillation cu...

Science.gov (United States)

This paper considers the time dependent Stefan problem with convection in the fluid phase governed by the Stokes equation, and with adherence of the fluid on the lateral boundaries. The existence of a weak solution is obtained via the introduction of a te...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The percentages of total airflows over the nasal respiratory and olfactory epithelium of female rabbits were calculated from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of steady-state inhalation....Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The patent relates to fluid operated devices for moving articles. The machine may be used in filling a nuclear fuel canister with fuel pellets where there is a tendency for out of squareness of pellets to produce a jam condition readily cleared by a modest force. (U.K.).

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The delicate mesothelial surfaces of the pleural space and other serosal cavities slide relative to each, lubricated by pleural fluid. In the absence of breathing motion, differences between...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The magnetic fluid is a colloidal suspension of magnetite in kerosene, prepared by a low-cost process. Separation is accomplished in an open trough filled with magnetic fluid. A magnetic field is established in the fluid, by energizing an electromagnet having poles on each side of the trough. Due to the design of the magnet poles and air gaps, the magnetic field is strongest at the bottom, about 10,000 oersteds, and uniformly decreases in strength to about 2000 oersteds at the top of the fluid. Therefore, the magnetic field gradient increases with depth. The magnetic force attracts the entire separation medium (magnetic fluid) creating a reaction force of equal magnitude and acting in the opposite direction. This reaction created within a magnetic fluid/magnetic field combination is called a magnetic levitation force. It increases with the field strength. In ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

AimThe goal of this study is to characterize the changes in 33 biomarkers within the gingival crevicular fluid during the 3-week induction and 4-week resolution of...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A new energy concept known as centrifugal potential energy was discussed. This new energy concept is capable of increasing the pressure, temperature and enthalpy of a fluid, without having to apply work or heat transfer to the fluid. It occurs through a change in the centrifugal potential energy of the flowing fluid in a rotating frame of reference or a centrifugal force field, where work is performed internally by the centrifugal weight of the fluid. This energy concept has resulted in new energy equations, such as the Rotational Frame Bernoulli's Equation for liquids and the Rotational Frame Steady-Flow Energy Equation for gases. Applications of these equations have been incorporated into the design of centrifugal field pumps and compressors. Rather than compressing a fluid with a physical load transfer, these devices can compress a fluid via the ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 115 consecutive patients undergoing diagnostic lumbar puncture or myelography was examined to determine the usefulness of immunofixation, following agarose gel electrophoresis,...Full Text Available

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

In fluid bed processing in the chemical, food or pharmaceutical industries, pneumatic nozzles are typically used to convert binder or coating liquids into droplets. Producing fine droplets from liquids in a gas phase is termed atomisation, and it involves complex phenomena which are not yet fully understood. This paper provides a systematic and up-to-date review of two-fluid nozzle designs and principles together with a presentation of nozzle fundamentals introducing basic nozzle theory and thermodynamics. Correlations for the prediction of mean droplet diameters are reviewed, compared and accompanied by a discussion of their use.

Science.gov (United States)

Subcritical cryogenic fluid management has long been recognized as an enabling technology for key

Science.gov (United States)

An electric power generating apparatus is described, including: a solar collector; a primary thermal loop including primary thermal fluid; a cavity receiver to receive reflected solar energy from the solar reflector, convert the solar energy into thermal energy, and transmit the thermal energy to the primary thermal fluid by heating the primary thermal fluid not to exceed a given temperature, the given temperature being substantially equal to 700 F; a Stirling engine receiving the primary thermal fluid heated by the cavity receiver, including means to generate mechanical power and means to generate electrical power from the means to generate mechanical power.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A study is presented of the influence of ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTAA) on the antimicrobial properties of a number of bactericidal additives for cutting fluids. During the testing both the microbiological and primary physical-chemical properties of the cutting fluids were determined. The duration of protective action of the additives vazin, vazin FD, formacide-13, kamcide-5 and furacylin was determined with and without EDTAA in Ukrinol-1 cutting fluid. Though EDTAA itself did not show great duration of antibacterial effect, when combined with the other additives it lengthened their time of protection by a factor of 2.2 to 2.7. 10 references.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... v. 15(10) p. 445-449. automation control equipment fluid flow fluidic control

Science.gov (United States)

PMID:534760

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We write a path-integral expression for the Green function of a advected scalar on a fluid flux. (author)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

We discuss the feasibility of a hierarchical protocol whereby the description and prediction of adsorbed fluids in confined systems at the mesoscopic scale is achieved by use of interface potentials that are obtained from raw molecular simulation data. Starting from a microscopic description of a fluid?s interface on a flat substrate, we attempt to extract the minimum information that is required in order to predict the behavior of that fluid at larger length scales from coarse grained surface Hamiltonians. A critical assessment of this procedure hinges on controversial aspects of wetting behavior and more generally on the meaning of metastability and instability of thermodynamic systems.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This invention relates to a water soluble polymer and method for its preparation. The water soluble polymer exhibits superior thermal stability characteristics when used as an additive in aqueous drilling fluids. The polymer consists of a major portion of a catechol based monomer and a dicarboxylic acid. Other monomers and materials are added to enhance the functional characteristics of the drilling fluid additive. The method of this invention includes the mixing of monomers, polymerization of that mixture and optionally the steps of hydrolysis and sulfonation.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The nuclear power plants with WWER type reactors are characterized by horizontally situated steam generators (SG). During seismic event the horizontal and vertical ground accelerations induce fluid motion in directions of longitudinal and transversal axis. Resulting dynamic forces act on the SG attachment and could cause the failure of screws. In obvious PSA scenarios, these phenomena are classified as a indirect induced LOCA. In this paper the effects of transversal sloshing of fluid are analyzed.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Radionuclide techniques have commonly been used to assess ventriculovenous shunt function, cerebrospinal fluid dynamics, and for the diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid leaks. All of these techniques were utilized in this unusual case of retrograde migration of a ventriculoatrial catheter into the neck, with cutaneous fistulization and CSF leak. (orig.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The authors report the personal techniques and the results of CT-guided percutaneous drainage of postoperative abdominal fluid collections. CT-guided percutaneous drainage offers many advantages over surgery: it is less invasive, can be repeated and requires no anesthesia, there are not surgery-related risks and lower morbidity and mortality rates. Moreover, subsequent hospitalization is shorter and costs are consequently reduced. The authors conclude that CT-guided percutaneous drainage is the method of choice in the treatment of postoperative abdominal fluid collections.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Similar to many other countries, an educational reform anchored in a managerial discourse was proposed in Israel in 2004 by the Dovrat Committee, encouraged by the 'inter-state education gap' social problem that economist Dan Ben-David formulated on the basis of international examinations, such as PISA and TIMMS. Through a neo-Weberian approach this study follows the construction of a managerial discourse from the 1970s onwards that led to the Dovrat report. In the first period, managerial discourse was constructed around decentralization, parent choice and school autonomy 'social objects' by an expanding reformist network of educational scholars and figures from the Ministry of Education and local authorities. The pervasion of managerial discourse paved the way for the nomination of Shlom...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We have studied freshly prepared lysozyme solutions in heavy water for two NaCl concentrations as a function of temperature. Lysozyme solubilities in this solvent are determined by static light scattering. By small angle neutron scattering, we evidence that interactions between lysozyme molecules are characterized by a second virial coefficient A{sub 2} whether the solution is under-saturated or supersaturated. From the variation of A{sub 2} as a function of temperature we have evaluated the enthalpy corresponding to the interaction between lysozyme molecules. We show that the interactions between protein molecules are higher in heavy water than in light water. (authors). 13 refs., 3 figs.

CERN Document Server

Today, component oriented middlewares are used to design, develop and deploy easily distributed applications, by ensuring the heterogeneity, interoperability, and reuse of the software modules, and the separation between the business code encapsulated in the components and the system code managed by the containers. Several standards answer this definition such as: CCM (CORBA Component Model), EJB (Enterprise Java Beans) and .Net. However these standards offer a limited and fixed number of system services, removing any possibility to add system services or to reconfigure dynamically the middleware. Our works propose mechanisms to add and to adapt dynamically the system services, based on a reconfiguration language which is dynamically adaptable to the need of the reconfiguration, and on a tool of dynamic reconfiguration, a prototype was achieved for the OpenCCM platform, that is an implementation of the CCM specification. This work was partially financed by the european project ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

More and more reforms in public administrations are being conducted that are based on the principles and instruments of ''new public management''. They have set off protest and collective actions by several professional groups in various sectors (health, education, justice, social work, research...), whence questions about the future of professional groups in public services, in particular about their autonomy, which these reforms threaten. The opposition between this new public management and certain professional groups, is not the final explanation to draw from an analysis of this situation. Should these changes be seen as the decline of professional groups and of their autonomy, as a mutation of professional models, an overhaul of professionalism, etc.? These questions, which current ev...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The aim of this economic study is the wording of a synthetic document for the public information in the framework of the 98/30/CE european directive transposition to the gas internal market. It is writing in four main chapters, one for each country concerned: the Germany, the Spain, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Each one presents the historical context, the actors of the natural gas industry and the main provisions. (A.L.B.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The stability of a couple stress fluid saturated horizontal porous layer heated from below and cooled from above when the fluid and solid phases are not in local thermal equilibrium is investigated. The Darcy model is used for the momentum equation and a two-field model is used for energy equation each representing the solid and fluid phases separately. The linear stability theory is employed to obtain the condition for the onset of convection. The effect of thermal non-equilibrium on the onset of convection is discussed. It is shown that the results of the thermal non-equilibrium Darcy model for the Newtonian fluid case can be recovered in the limit as couple stress parameter C?0. We also present asymptotic analysis for both small and large values of the inter phase heat transfer coefficient H. We found an excellent agreement between the exact solutions and asymptotic solutions when H is very small.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

RODbaffle heat exchanger is a kind of shell-and-tube heat exchanger with eminent performance. Because of the characteristics of tube bundle support structure, fluid flow on shellside is longitudinal and periodical, and fluid flow is of symmetry in landscape orientation. According to the fluid flow characteristics on shellside and ignoring the impact of inlet, outlet and shell wall, a periodic flow unit duct was taken as the simplified model of the shellside to perform numerical simulation by using CFD code, FLUENT. It was found that the both errors in magnitude of the main fluid velocities and heat transfer coefficients between results of simulation and that of experiment or correlations are less than 10%, and the errors of pressure drop between simulation and correlation are no more than 20%. The detailed characteristics and relation of fluid flow and heat transfer on shellside of ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Purpose: To secure the reactor operation safety by the provision of a fluid pressure detecting section for control rod driving fluid and a control rod interlock at the midway of the flow pass for supplying driving fluid to the control rod drives. Constitution: Between a driving line and a direction control valve are provided a pressure detecting portion, an alarm generating device, and a control rod inhibition interlock. The driving fluid from a driving fluid source is discharged by way of a pump and a manual valve into the reactor in which the control rods and reactor fuels are contained. In addition, when the direction control valve is switched and the control rods are inserted and extracted by the control rod drives, the pressure in the driving line is always detected by the pressure detection section, whereby if abnormal pressure is resulted, the alarm generating device is ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dryout predictions using a multi-flood model for the annular two-phase flow regime are compared against dryout data obtained for BWR condition. The multifluid model treats two-phase flow as composed of distinct fluid regions (fluids) and individual conservation equations are applied to each fluid. Dryout is assumed to occur when flow rate of one of the liquid films becomes zero. The factor is extended to cover dryout data for very short boiling lengths. The present study involves wide ranges in geometries, heat flux distributions, and fluid concentrations. The accuracy of dryout power prediction is found to be as good as that of empirical correlations. It is confirmed that within a single analytical framework, the model can handle various classes of dryout analyses whereas the existing equilibrium models cannot.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An interfacial shear stress equation in the dispersed-annular two-phase flow regime has been developed, which is based on a three-fluid model consisting of a liquid film on a rod, vapor and entrained liquid associated with a vapor flow. It is an extension of J.G.M. Andersen's procedure that provides a two-fluid interfacial shear stress equation using the drift flux parameters C{sub 0} and V{sub gj}. This interfacial shear stress equation can take into account a phase and velocity distribution through an equivalence between the drift flux parameters and the interfacial shear stress. Using the three-fluid subchannel analysis code TEMPO with the three-fluid interfacial shear stress model the capability of a three-fluid calculation using the drift flux parameters C{sub 0} and V{sub gj} that reproduce a measured void fraction is demonstrated. A comparison was made with advanced ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sasol, a South-African company, has converted coal into synthetic fuels for 40 years; in order to increase by 6 pc its annual production (40 Mt coal are processed), Sasol has launched the Sky High project and intends to replace the ancient Sasol Synthol reactors by Advanced Synthol reactors using conventional fluidized beds instead of circulating fluidized beds. Coal is first gasified under high pressure and high temperature conditions (the Secunda site uses the Fischer-Tropsch conversion process) and is then processed in the reactor through a single phase process using an iron-base catalyst, leading to significant cost reductions.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The passive films formed on 316L stainless steel in various NaCl solutions have been investigated by capacitance measurements (Mott-Schottky). Pitting parameters have been determined using the galvano-kinetic polarisation method. The obtained results reveal the existence of a shallow and a deep donor level localised in the band gap of the semiconducting oxide film. These energy levels are due to iron ions in the tetrahedral and octahedral positions. It also appears that the participation of the deep donor level effects the electric field. The study developed allows us to compare characteristic parameters of the electronic structure of the passive film to those related to pitting susceptibility. (authors) 25 refs.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Ichnogenera belonging to cleft-foot and wedge-foot bivalves can in most cases be distinguished. This paper addresses the taxonomy of locomotion traces made by wedge-foot bivalves. Ichnogenera Ptychoplasma Fenton and Fenton and Oravaichnium Plicka and Uhrova are reviewed together with related ichnotaxa. Both are interpreted as the locomotion traces of non-cleft, wedge-foot bivalves. Both are usually preserved as hypichnial ridges that include a distinctive bioprint of amygdaloid segments. Ptychoplasma is dominated by amygdaloid segments whereas Oravaichnium is wall-like with only sporadic amygdaloid segments. Ichnospecies of Ptychoplasma are distinguished on the basis of their continuity: P. excelsum Fenton and Fenton (the type) is a relatively continuous trace fossil consisting largely of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

With the exception of the 1945 Hiroshima and Nagasaki nuclear weapon explosions and the 1986 Tchernobyl reactor accident, most of the radiation accidents concerns the medical and the traditional industrial sectors. The seriousness of the accident is directly function of the absorbed dose. The paper, first, gives the definition of a radiologic accident with its specific criteria and pathological manifestations. Then, some famous historical accidents are reviewed from the discovery of X-rays to recent acute irradiations due to the careless manipulation of radiation sources. From this analysis, three main causes are put forward: the dysfunction of nuclear medicine apparatuses, the victims` lack of training and knowledge of the risks, and the non-identification or the loss of radiation sources. (J.S.). 1 photo.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Accurate prediction of ribbed duct flow and heat transfer is of importance to the gas turbine industry. The present study comprehensively validates the use of large eddy simulations (LES) for predicting flow and heat transfer with measured flowfield data in a stationary duct with 90"o ribs and elucidates on the detailed physics encountered in the developing flow region, the fully developed region, and the 180"o bend region. Among the major flow features predicted with accuracy are flow transition at the entrance of the duct; the distribution of mean and turbulent quantities in the developing, fully developed, and 180"o bend; the development of secondary flows in the duct cross-section and the 180"o bend; and friction and heat transfer augmentation. At the duct inlet, both the computations and experiments show that the peak turbulence intensities reach values as high as 40% in the streamwise and spanwise directions and 32% in the vertical direction, and a comparison ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper describes the comprehensive modeling method of fluid and heat flows in the hydrological system. Based upon the concept that the hydrological system is composed of the air-water 2-phase fluids, and the rock phase, various natural processes are modeled including surface/subsurface 2-phase mass transfer, heat exchanges between fluid phases, between fluid and solid phases, and sensible/latent heat exchanges on the ground surface. A field-oriented numerical simulator is developed, in which a set of governing equations is solved for different variables on the surface and in subsurface regions, respectively. Results of an experimental study are presented, in which transient formulation of heat exchange between fluid/solid phases is examined through matching of the observation and calculated performances. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A technique was developed that permits fluid flow to be visualized even where the flow is completely shrouded by metal. The technique employs real-time neutron radiography, which is similar to x-ray radiography except a collimated beam of neutrons is used. Various combinations of neutron-opaque tracer materials were tested with neutron-transparent fluid. Neutron opaque tracers, such as solid particles, fluid droplets, and streaklines were imaged through metal walls as they convected in neutron-transparent ambient fluid. Visualization of bubbles/voids were evaluated for possible future applications. Surface-flow patterns were also imaged by using neutron-opaque tufts. These techniques were evaluated for image contrast, resolution, and the ability to accurately track fluid flow fields. The techniques were also modeled to optimize contrast in various flow configurations. Imaging ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The effect of transverse magnetic field parameter (Hartmann number, Ha) Reynolds number (Re) and Prandtl number (Pr) on the mixed convection flow past a semi-infinite vertical porous plate in a non-Darcian porous medium with variable viscosity and porosity, viscous dissipation and fluid-solid thermal conductivity ratio in the presence of plate transpiration (lateral mass flux) is investigated theoretically and numerically using Keller`s implicit finite difference scheme. It is shown that the Harmann number acts as a retarding force and increases the momentum boundary layer thickness, analogous to the flow against a positive pressure gradient, simultaneously decreasing local skin friction (shear stress). The heat transfer rate is however enhanced by the magnetic field (for positive values of the Eckert number) since the fluid is heated and temperature gradients become reduced between the fluid and the plate, with important ...

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... Thermodynamics & Fluid - EA BOOKS About us | My EA Books | Contact us | Authors Home page Currently ...Electronics Environmental Management Mechanical Multi-disciplinary Quality Railways Structural Water CATEGORIES Books Mechanical Thermodynamics & Fluid Thermodynamics & Fluid Display: 10 results ... Display product Add to shopping basket Engineering Thermodynamics: A Computer Approach, 3rd Edition AU$99.09 ex-GST Terms and Conditions A ...textbook for applied or engineering thermodynamics, or as a reference for practicing engineers, the book uses extensive in-text, solved examples and ...

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A cooling system for rejecting waste heat consists of a cooling tower incorporating a plurality of coolant tubes provided with cooling fins and each having a plurality of cooling channels therein, means for directing a heat exchange fluid from the power plant through less than the total number of cooling channels to cool the heat exchange fluid under normal ambient temperature conditions, means for directing water through the remaining cooling channels whenever the ambient temperature rises above the temperature at which dry cooling of the heat exchange fluid is sufficient and means for cooling the water. 5 figs.

Science.gov (United States)

When induced by bottom heating in a horizontal fluid layer which is characterized by forced motion or solute stratification, buoyancy-driven flows may assume a variety of forms. The flows, which are examples of mixed or double-diffusive convection, can strongly influence heat tranfer or the entrainment of stratified fluid. General aspects of each form of convection are reviewed, and emphasis is placed on mixed convection in a horizontal rectangular channel and on double-diffusive convection due to thermally driven mixed-layer development in a solutally stratified fluids. Flow conditions are described, and experimental and theoretical results are presented for related heat-transfer and entrainment parameters.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The unsteady two-dimensional laminar flow of a viscous incompressible electrically conducting micro polar fluid via a porous medium past a semi-infinite vertical porous moving plate in the presence of a transverse magnetic field is studied. A uniform magnetic field acts perpendicularly to the porous surface in which absorbs the micro polar fluid with a suction velocity varying with time. The effects of material parameters on the velocity and temperature fields across the boundary layer are investigated. The method of solution can be applied for small perturbation approximation. Numerical results of velocity and temperature distributions of micro polar fluids are compared with the corresponding flow problems for a Newtonian fluid. (author)

Science.gov (United States)

In order to support long duration cryogenic propellant storage, the Cryogenic Fluid Management (CFM)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

a-Dystroglycan is an extracellular adhesion protein that is known to interact with different ligands. The interaction is thought to stabilize the integrity of the plasma membrane. The N-terminal part of a-dystroglycan may be proteolytically processed to generate a small 38kDa protein (a-DG-N). The physiological significance of a-DG-N is unclear but has been suggested to be involved in nerve regeneration and myelination and to function as a potential biomarker for neurodegenerative and neuromuscular diseases. In this report we show that a-DG-N is released into different body fluids, such as lachrimal fluid, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), urine and plasma. To investigate the significance of a-DG-N in CSF we examined the levels of a-DG-N and known neurodegenerative markers in CSF from patients di...

Science.gov (United States)

The H-Coal ebullated bed reactor contains at least four discrete components: gas, liquid, catalyst, and unconverted coal and ash. Because of the complexity created by these four components, it is desirable to understand the fluid dynamics of the system. The objective of this program is to establish the dependence of the ebullated bed fluid dynamics on process parameters. This will permit improved control of the ebullated bed reactor. Progress has been made in the study undertaken for defining the hydrodynamic properties of gas/liquid/solid systems as related to the H-Coal process. The literature search was completed, and a report will be issued shortly. Design and construction of the fluid dynamics unit proceeded as planned. Unit completion is scheduled for May 1, 1978.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A non-similar boundary layer analysis is presented to study the flow, heat and mass transfer characteristics of non-Darcian mixed convection of a non-Newtonian fluid from a vertical isothermal plate embedded in a homogeneous porous medium with the effect of Soret and Dufour and in the presence of either surface injection or suction. The value of the mixed-convection parameter lies between 0 and 1. In addition, the power-law model is used for non-Newtonian fluids with exponent n1 for dilatant fluids. Furthermore, the coordinates and dependent variables are transformed to yield computationally efficient numerical solutions that are valid over the entire range of mixed convection, from the pure forced-convection limit to the pure free-conve...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This renewal request for DOE grant DE-FG02-86ER45238, is dedicated to providing a complete thermodynamic profile of solids fluids, and fluid mixtures, over a wide range of temperatures and pressures. We are partially motivated by technological interest in detonation, combustion, superhard high pressure materials, and high temperature superconductors, which are important components of interest of various DOE laboratories. Our work on fluids and solids, composed of simple molecules, involves the determination of structures, phase transitions, pressure-volume relations, phonon, vibron, and libron modes of excitation, sound velocities, specific heats, thermal expansion, virial coefficients, sublimation energies, and orientational translational, and magnetic correlations. We hope that the study of these systems under extreme thermodynamic conditions will lead to exotic new materials of value, as well as enhanced fundamental ...

Science.gov (United States)

A method for calculating flow through an airfoil cascade drawn on a surface of revolution is discussed. The three-dimensional flow was assumed to be represented by part-channels of varying width. The basic equations are the equation of continuity and the ...

Science.gov (United States)

... metal-oleate complexes. At this point, this method has been reported only for iron nanoparticles [15]. We have demonstrated ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In vibration control field, magneto-rheological (MR) fluid dampers are semi-active control devices that have recently begun to receive more attention. This paper presents a black-box model (BBM) for identification of a MR fluid damper and its application to vibrating control systems using that damper with self-sensing behavior. A model named ''black-box'' is a simple direct modeling method which is designed for a typical MR fluid damper using the self-tuning fuzzy technique. The characteristics of the researched damper are directly estimated through a fuzzy mapping system. In order to improve the accuracy of the proposed model, the back propagation algorithm and gradient descent method were used to train the fuzzy parameters to minimize the model error function. Consequently, the BBM with ...

KoreaScience (Korea)

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British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Heat pipes, loop heat pipes (LHP), and capillary pumped loops (CPL) have already proven their potential to remove high heat fluxes from a small electronic device and transport the heat to a heat sink that is large enough to transfer it into the ambient air. We introduce a novel two-loop system similar in design to CPLs but with an additional buoyancy-driven fluid loop. Non-degassed methanol is used as a working fluid. Key benefits compared to LHPs and CPLs are easy filling procedure, easy startup, and the tolerance toward noncondensable gases in the fluid. The amount of fluid in the system can be varied over a broad range without affecting the heat transfer performance. Three different inverted-meniscus-type evaporators have been employed in this study. A maximum evaporator heat transfer r...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A thermal analysis of the Omnium-G receiver is presented and the technique is shown to be generally applicable to solar thermal receivers utilizing a directly heated thermal mass. The thermal loss coefficient, including reradiation losses, is calculated and shown to agree quite well with the experimentally measured thermal loss coefficient. The rate of heat transfer to the working fluid is also analyzed and the analysis is used to show that the Omnium-G receiver is well matched to the water/steam working fluid because the steam outlet temperature is almost the same as the receiver temperature. A general procedure for calculating receiver performance is presented. With this procedure, the energy delivery to any working fluid, the delivered temperature of the working fluid, and the pressure drop through the receiver can be determined. An example of the calculation is also presented.

CERN Document Server

We review a new theoretical approach to the kinetics of surfactant adsorption at fluid-fluid interfaces. It yields a more complete description of the kinetics both in the aqueous solution and at the interface, deriving all equations from a free-energy functional. It also provides a general method to calculate dynamic surface tensions. For non-ionic surfactants the results coincide with previous models. Common non-ionic surfactants are shown to undergo diffusion-limited adsorption, in agreement with experiments. Strong electrostatic interactions in salt-free ionic surfactant solutions are found to lead to kinetically limited adsorption. In this case the theory accounts for unusual experimental results which could not be understood using previous approaches. Added salt screens the electrostatic interactions and makes the ionic surfactant adsorption similar to the non-ionic case. The departure from the non-ionic behavior as the salt concentration is decreased is ...

CERN Document Server

Kelvin-Helmholtz instability of short gravity waves is examined in order to explain the recent findings of the decrease in momentum transfer from hurricane winds to sea waves. A three-fluid configuration of a foam layer between the atmosphere and the ocean is suggested to provide signifficant stabilization of the system and shifting the marginal critical wavelength to the shortwave part of the spectrum. It is conjectured that such stabilization leads to the observed drag reduction. The high contrasts in three fluid densities provide a universal mechanism for stabilizing surface perturbations.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper reviews power fluidics technology in the nuclear industry giving emphasis also on its potential uses in chemical plants and in flood and irrigation control. This is a technology of controlling process fluids by purely hydrodynamic methods, which should increase system reliability by eliminating valves, pumps and other fluid control devices that are often causes of failure. This review indicates that the hydrodynamics of fluidic components are not satisfactorily understood at present and may be more complex than similar theory in electronics.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Drilling fluid additives are prepared by oxidation of sulfonated lignin-containing materials with manganese dioxide under highly acidic conditions to make manganese lignosulfonates. Additional improvements in the rheological properties of the additives may be obtained by complexing the manganese lignosulfonate so obtained with a heavy metal cation (preferably iron or copper), by, for example, addition of ferrous sulfate or ferric sulfate to the manganese lignosulfonate. These products show the requisite combination of rheological properties for a satisfactory drilling fluid additive or conditioner.

Science.gov (United States)

This paper presents a theoretical study of heat transfer from magneto-rheological fluid (MRF) dampers. A lumped system model is developed which is capable of predicting the temperature rise for any size MRF damper. As a case study example, finned and unfinned dampers are compared for automotive-size MRF dampers. The results demonstrate that heat transfer from these devices can be enhanced considerably with the use of fins.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The gas composition of recent thermal waters is in perfect conformity with their geologic-tectonic positions. The composition of gas-liquid inclusions in the basic-hyperbasic xenoliths of basaltoid lavas depends on the depth from which xenoliths are supplied. (The depth is determined by using the methods of geological thermobarometers). By comparing available data the conclusion was drawn that the gas compositions of thermal waters reflect the depth of generation of deep fluid which heats them and depends on the penetration depth of the fluid-conducting fissure zones.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Acid mine drainage represents one of the most important environmental problem facing the mining industry. If the tailings contain sulphur, acid mine drainage will be generated as soon as the tailings are exposed to oxygen. In this paper, the authors discussed a technique for the storage of acid mine drainage generating tailings that delays and even eliminates the occurrence. It was suggested that tailings should be piled by incorporating, at regular intervals, compacted waste rock. Thermal convection and diffusion will prevent oxygen from reaching the tailings, and limit water circulation. The modelling of transfer processes (heat, water, oxygen) in a well known tailings dump, the Doyon Mine, was performed, and the results compared to the modelling where compacted waste rock had been incorporated at regular intervals. The results indicated that by remaining saturated, the layers acted as capillary barriers preventing oxygen from reaching the tailings, therefore reducing significantly ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This work presents the development of a streak camera 'jitter free' sweep unit synchronized on a femtosecond laser. This application of high voltage photoconductive switches ('High voltage Auston switch') yields subpicosecond resolution for accumulated images on streak camera on a few hundreds micro joule femtosecond laser. Two others applications of these photoconductive switches are studied: - ultrafast optical commutation by a Pockels cell directly driven by a photoconductive switch (rising edge < 100 ps and jitter < 2 ps), - laser pulse energy self-stabilization experimentally proving that driving a Pockels cell by a photoconductive switch can increase the stability of the laser pulse energy from 7 % to 0.7 % rms. Additionally, the application of the acoustic-optical programmable dispersive filter (Dazzler) to the self referenced spectral phase measurement is presented. As these measurements require a linear filter combined with a ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This document gathers the presentations given at the first French national meetings of solar energy for the development of solar systems in buildings. The meeting was organized over two days. The first day comprises 4 workshops about: urbanism and planning, cultural acceptability of solar energy in buildings (the OPAC 38 housing association, point of view on an energy information point, the Freiburg (Germany) solar region and marketing examples), technical integration to the structure (Clipsol solutions), and economical criteria (compared impacts of R and D public photovoltaic programs (USA, Japan, Germany, France, Italy), financing of rehabilitation projects, global approach of solar photovoltaic energy, technical solutions and strategy of products development, why and how to make an economical analysis of solar energy applications in the building industry). The second day comprises a plenary session and a round table: global status of solar energy development in Europe, status of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The preliminary study of the {sup 129}I distribution has allowed to underline the limits of use of a Homalotecium sericeum type terrestrial moss as biological indicator. However, this preliminary study allowed all the same to give a spatial distribution of this radioelement around La Hague reprocessing plant (source term) that underlines the existence of four geographic areas in function of collected activities. The levels are generally under 99 Bq/kg dry. It is recommended to improve the knowledge that we can have of transfers and quantity of iodine 129 from the marine environment to the terrestrial environment, but also, the one that we can have of factors able to modify the spatial distribution of this radionuclide. (N.C.)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

ResumeObjectif determiner dans une etude randomisee l'impact d'un enregistrement continu du glucose sous-cutane pendant 48 heures sur le controle glycemique trois mois plus tard chez des patients presentant un diabete de type 1 (DT1) ou de type 2 (DT2). Methodes Quarante-huit patients avec un mauvais equilibre glycemique (HbA1c : 8-10,5 %) ont beneficie d'un enregistrement continu du glucose sous-cutane pendant 48 heures avec le systeme GlucoDay (A. Menarini Diagnostics) et ont ete randomises en deux groupes : ajustement de traitement en fonction de l'autosurveillance glycemique capillaire (groupe ASG) ou du profil d'enregistrement continu du glucose sous-cutane (groupe CGM). Le dosage d'HbA1c et le port du GlucoDay ont ete renouveles trois mois plus tard. Resultats Trente-quatre patients ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This study examines some radiation accidents occurred in the past. This information has been systematically assessed to get global lessons. The experience feedback shows that the most of accidents happened in certain conditions. These conditions can be distributed in four categories: 1- perception and vigilance in occupation: accidental exposure happened by lack of vigilance in details and lack of vigilance and perception; 2- procedures: accidental exposure happened following a lack of procedures or control that were not enough complete, not enough documented or not completely implemented; 3- training and understanding: accidental exposures happened because the personnel was not enough qualified and educated, did not get the general training nor the the necessary specialized training; 4- liabilities: accidental exposures happened following lacks and ambiguity in the definition of functions of the personnel and in the hierarchy liabilities. In these precise cases the safety tasks have ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cooperation for low carbon and energy efficient development is a high priority for France, in line with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. France contributes to tackling climate change by working with its partners on all continents to implement projects both to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and to adapt to climate change. Within the framework of the Marrakech Accords, France also encourages the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol Clean Development Mechanism, in particular between French business and non-Annex I countries; this mechanism will facilitate the financing of mitigation projects and contribute to the sustainable development of host countries in the South. At multilateral level, France is a major donor. At a bilateral level, an initial analysis of cooperation projects which are strongly linked to tackling climate change identified public support of 136 millions euros per year, as an average over the past few years. Some project examples, mostly ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

ACRO, a NGO equipped with a laboratory to measure radioactivity, runs the Citizen Watchdog of Radioactivity in the Environment. Involving many volunteers, it monitors regularly the French coast of the Channel and many rivers of the North half of France. It also makes investigations in other places. Such an action is aimed to supplement the official monitoring, not to replace it, in order to answer to the worries of the population. This monitoring shows that some radioelements, such as iodine 129, cobalt 60, tritium, etc. released in the environment by nuclear facilities can be detected on very large areas. Carbon 14 was detected up to almost 4 times the background in vegetables around the reprocessing plant of La Hague. ACRO also sits in many official committees to transmit the point of view of the populations exposed to the radioactive pollution. It is lobbying for a decrease of the release authorization, especially for the elements that are discharged in large quantity in the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper reports the results of an investigation into the vibration of functionally graded cylindrical shells with flowing fluid, embedded in an elastic medium, under mechanical and thermal loads. By considering rotary inertia, the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) and the fluid velocity potential, the dynamic equation of functionally graded cylindrical shells with flowing fluid is derived. Here, heat conduction equation along the thickness of the shell is applied to determine the temperature distribution and material properties are assumed to be graded distribution along the thickness direction according to a power-law in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents. The equations of eigenvalue problem are obtained by using a modal expansion method. In numerical examples, effects of material composition, thermal loading, static axial loading, flow velocity, medium stiffness and shell geometry parameters on ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

There is an urgent need to monitor the condition of fluid-filled taped (FFT) cables. The Dissolved-Gas Analysis (DGA) technique that has been successfully applied to power transformers holds great potential for the preventive maintenance of FFT cables. However, before this emerging technique can be properly applied to cables, a suitable fluid sampling and subsequent gas analysis method had to be developed, including the generation of both laboratory and field data to aid in data interpretation. Data on gas saturation levels in various cable fluids have been presented. This paper describes a novel method developed specifically for FFT cables and discusses field results so obtained. The type, distribution and concentration of gases from fluid alone and paper alone under electrical stress has been presented, including the differences between normal and not-so-normal cable systems as demonstrated by DGA. ...

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The objective of this study was to determine if any fluids or materials used in the Exploratory Shaft Facility (ESF) of Yucca Mountain will make the mountain unsuitable for future construction of a nuclear waste repository. Yucca Mountain, an area on and adjacent to the Nevada Test Site in southern Nevada, USA, is a candidate site for permanent disposal of high-level radioactive waste from commercial nuclear power and defense nuclear activities. To properly characterize Yucca Mountain, it will be necessary to construct an underground test facility, in which in situ site characterization tests can be conducted. The candidate repository horizon at Yucca Mountain, however, could potentially be compromised by fluids and materials used in the site characterization tests. To minimize this possibility, Los Alamos National Laboratory was directed to evaluate the kinds of fluids and materials that will be used and their potential ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Some crops of important nutritive requirements have been collected from farmlands located in Bitsichi an old tin mining town in north central region of Nigeria. The food crops were analyzed in order to determine trace element concentrations level using Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA). The activity concentrations due to natural radionuclides in the food samples and soil samples collected within the root zone of the crops were also determined using gamma-ray spectrometry (GRS). The NAA results obtained showed higher concentration of Potassium among the essential elements in all the crops. Calcium concentration in both maize and Guinea corn was below detection limit and also Zn in Green beans, sweet potato and cassava. The trace elements; Sc, Hf, Sm, and Th, were below detection limit in all the crops except in Green beans. Rubidium (Rb) and lanthanum (La) were below detection limits only in Cabbage. The activity concentrations of the natural radionuclides in the food samples were found ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This presentation outlined the corporate history of the Ohmega Group, a small company from Gaspe, Quebec which offers consulting services to the automation and telecommunication sector. It was created in 1982 and has been involved with the wind power industry since 1996. The main services provided by Ohmega Group include electrical and mechanical construction and maintenance services. This paper also reviewed the benefits of using Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems in the wind power industry to monitor, control and collect data from wind turbines. The Ohmega Group has provided consulting services to Cartier Wind Energy Inc., a company that was awarded several wind turbine projects by Hydro-Quebec Distribution. The Ohmega Group applied the SCADA system at the Baie des Sables, Anse a Valleau and Carleton wind turbine arrays. The typical architecture of SCADA systems on a wind farm was presented along with Hydro-Quebec's specifications for data acquisition. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mining operations took place at the Sullivan Mine, located at Sullivan, Abitibi, Quebec between 1930 and 1967 and generated large quantities of tailings. These tailings now represent a waste rock pile in the shape of a delta on the shore of De Montigny Lake. The area covers approximately 50 hectares. When the waste rock pile was first established, several terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems were lost forever. In addition, the very nature of the tailings, combined to the action of the wind and lake, further slow the natural site regeneration. The Ministere des Ressources naturelles du Quebec (Quebec Natural Resources Department) asked Les Consultants en Environnement Argus to prepare a site remediation plan to stimulate the natural regeneration of the ecosystems. It would enable the local fauna to resume its occupation of the territory, while ensuring its proper integration in the environment. The authors described in detail the proposed plan that addresses all the ...

CERN Document Server

We consider an admissible fibration $\\pi:X\\to\\mathbb{P}^1$ over a curve over a number field, of which the generic fiber $X_\\eta$ is geometrically rationally connected. We suppose that there exists a generalized Hilbertian subset $\\textsf{Hil}$ of $\\mathbb{P}^1$, such that the Brauer-Manin obstruction is the only obstruction to the Hasse principle (resp. to the weak approximation) for $X_\\theta(\\theta\\in \\textsf{Hil}).$ We prove that the Brauer-Manin obstruction is the only obstruction to the Hasse principle (resp. to the strong approximation) for zero-cycles of degree 1 on $X$ in the following cases: $(B_1)$ the index of the generic fibre $X_\\eta$ is equal to 1; $(B_2)$ all fibers are geometrically integral. Then, we obtain some similar results for certain fibrations over $\\mathbb{P}^n$. As a consequence, we obtain the following result: let $X$ be a smooth projective geometrically rationally connected variety over a number field $k$, if the Brauer-Manin obstruction is the ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Une enfant drepanocytaire homozygote SS de 14 ans (sans deficit en G6PD), non transfusee anterieurement, a une cholecystectomie pour lithiase decouverte a un bilan systematique. L'intervention est encadree de 2 transfusions de concentres erythrocytaires (CGR) phenotypes ABO Rh Kell, compatibilises. Quinze jours apres, elle presente une hemolyse aigue associant fievre, ictere, insuffisance renale tubulaire, hemoglobinurie et anemie profonde (Hb 3,6 g/dL). Les RAI deviennent positives avec, entre autres, un auto anticorps anti D suspecte, le test de Coombs direct est positif de type mixte. L'enfant n'est pas retransfusee, mais recoit 1 mg/kg/j de corticoides IV pendant 10 jours. L'hemoglobine retrouve sa valeur de base (9 g/dL) apres 15 jours. Un antigene RH1(D) partiel de type DAR est ulter...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report deals with the renewable energies and the local development called the territory intelligence in action. Taking into account the place of the electricity in the french energy accounting and the part of the nuclear in its production, the local authorities have to act in the heat domain, which is the first energy need in France, far in front of the specific electricity (those which cannot be replace by other type of energy). But 80% of the heat is today covered by fossil energies. No actions to change this situation will be done without a real implication of the local government. The authors preconize an ambitious objective: cover 50% of the heat needs from renewable energies in the next generat This objective must rely on a program called ''alternative energies''. In this framework the authors provide recommendations on the implementation of the renewable energies as an essential challenge for the local authorities. (A.L.B.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Swift heavy ion-solid interaction leads in volume to track creation and on the surface to the ejection of particles into the vacuum. To learn more about initial mechanisms of track formation, we are focused on the sputtering of uranium dioxide by fast heavy ions. This present study is exclusively devoted to the influence of the electronic stopping power on the emission of neutral particles and especially on their angular distribution. These measurements are completed by those of the ions emitted from UO{sub 2} targets bombarded with swift heavy ions. The whole experimental results give access to: i) the nature of the sputtered particles; ii) the charge state of the emitted particles; iii) the direction of ejection of the sputtered particles ; iv) the sputtering yields deduced from the angular distributions. These results are compared to the prediction of the sputtering models proposed in the literature and it seems that the supersonic gas flow model is well suited to describe our ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Modelization of crack propagation and theoretical prediction of rupture are the two main objectives of researchers in stress corrosion cracking. Nevertheless, to reach this aim, the behavior of the passive film which appears spontaneously on the substrate in contact with an environment has to be known. This structural and mechanical characterization is all the more difficult because the number of parameters is important: crystallinity rate, defects concentration, thickness (about a few nanometers), electric field, chemical composition (a lot of oxides are present), peeling layers (atomic structure for example) and some hypothesis can be made about their multi-layer structure, their chemical composition or their epitaxial character... Passive films formed on 316L or 304L stainless steels in different aqueous solutions (in ambient air, in MgCl{sub 2} at 117 deg. C...) have been studied and some important remarks about their mechanical properties are made (brittle behavior, strong or weak ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Full text of publication follows: General simulation objectives of any fire analysis are macroscopic in nature and deals with the grass data in respect of fire/smoke spread, structural behaviour, environmental conditions etc. However, the accuracy of predicting such macroscopic parameters is a strong function of several other microscopic parameters which govern the overall macroscopic behaviour. Some of the microscopic parameters of interesting such analysis could be buoyancy induced stable/unstable flows, relative flame behaviour, baroclinic velocity distribution etc. Only the field based fire modelling approach is capable of calculating several of these by way of detailed CFD based field modelling. One of the best known tool that could be employed for such studies is the Fire Dynamics simulator (FDS) from NIST with its popular LES based fire modelling approach. Advanced LES based fire modelling scores over the conventional RANS based ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A system is described adapted for alternative use as a diverter or a blowout preventer for a bottom supported drilling rig and adapted for connection to a permanent housing attached to rig structural members beneath a drilling rig rotary table, the permanent housing having an outlet connectable to a rig fluid system flow line. The system consists of: a fluid flow controller having a controller housing with a lower cylindrical opening and an upper cylindrical opening and a vertical path therebetween and a first outlet passage and a second outlet passage provided in its wall, a packing element disposed within the controller housing, and annular piston means adapted for moving from a first position to a second position, whereby in the first position the piston means wall prevents interior fluid from communicating with the outlet passages in the controller housing wall and in the second position the piston means wall allows ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Thermal-fluid flow analysis and demonstration test were performed for a spent fuel storage system. The commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, FLUENT was used for the numerical analysis. Effective thermal conductivities of a spent fuel assembly and a fuel basket were derived to optimize a thermal analysis model. Also, a porous model, which can simplify a complex configuration of a fuel assembly, was used in the thermal analysis. Demonstration test were performed to verify the thermal analysis method and procedure using a half scaled-down model and an electrically heated dummy fuel. The numerical analysis results were compared with the experimental data. Thermal analyses of the storage system were carried out for normal and off-normal conditions by using the verified analysis method.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In this article, we studied the effects of variable viscosity and thermal conductivity on an unsteady two-dimensional laminar flow of a viscous incompressible conducting fluid past a semi-infinite vertical porous moving plate taking into account the effect of a magnetic field in the presence of variable suction. The fluid viscosity is assumed to vary as an inverse linear function of temperature but the thermal conductivity is assumed to vary as a linear function of temperature. It is assumed that the porous plate moves with a constant velocity in the direction of fluid flow, and the free stream velocity follows the exponentially increasing small perturbation law. The governing equations for the flow are transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations by perturbation ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In this article, the authors analyzed the effect of thermal conductivity on unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) free convection in a micro-polar fluid past a semi-infinite vertical porous plate. The fluid thermal conductivity is assumed to vary as a linear function of temperature. By using the Chebyshev collocation method in the spatial direction and the Crank-Nicolson method in the time direction, the boundary layer equations are transformed into a linear algebraic system. There are several material parameters whose affect on the flow have been studied, for instance, thermal conductivity, radiation, magnetic, micro-polar, suction (or injection) parameters, and Prandtl number. Boundary layer and Boussineq approximations have been introduced together to describe the flow field. The domain of...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In vibration control field, magneto-rheological (MR) fluid dampers are semi-active control devices that have recently begun to receive more attention. This paper presents a nonlinear black-box model (BBM) and an inverse black-box model (IBBM) for the identification of a MR fluid damper and their application to design a novel force-sensorless control method for any damping system using that damper. The nonlinear model named 'black-box' is a simple direct modeling method which was designed based on fuzzy-neural technique. Characteristics of the damper in study are directly estimated through a fuzzy mapping system. In order to improve the model accuracy, neural network technique including back-propagation and gradient descent method were used to train the fuzzy parameters to minimize the mode...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An ion processing element employing composite media disposed in a porous substrate, for facilitating removal of selected chemical species from a fluid stream. The ion processing element includes a porous fibrous glass substrate impregnated by composite media having one or more active components supported by a matrix material of polyacrylonitrile. The active components are effective in removing, by various mechanisms, one or more constituents from a fluid stream passing through the ion processing element. Due to the porosity and large surface area of both the composite medium and the substrate in which it is disposed, a high degree of contact is achieved between the active component and the fluid stream being processed. Further, the porosity of the matrix material and the substrate facilitates use of the ion processing element in high volume applications where it is desired to effectively process a high volume flows.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In the present contribution, the innovative in situ Raman micro-spectroscopy was applied to investigate the in vitro reactivity of various bioactive glasses. All the investigated glasses belonged to the Na2O\\K2O-CaO-P2O5-SiO2 system, but contained sensibly different percentages of network modifiers. The glasses were immersed for increasing times, up to 96h, in simulated body fluid (SBF) and in tris-buffered (TRIS) solution. In this way, two fundamental items were addressed, i.e. the effect of the glass composition and the nature of the soaking fluid on the overall reactivity. As regards the SBF, all the glasses were able to promote the formation of a hydroxyl-carbonate apatite (HCA) surface layer in very short times. The reaction rate was particularly quick for the 45S5 Bioglass and for it...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This paper is concerned with the study of the Electrorheological RayleighTaylor instability (ERTI) at the interface between a densely packed saturated poorly conducting couple stress porous layer accelerated by a lighter poorly conducting couple stress fluid in a thin shell in the presence of a transverse electric field and laser radiation. A simple theory based on fully developed flow approximations is used to derive the dispersion relation for the growth rate of ERTI. The cutoff and the maximum wave numbers and the corresponding maximum frequencies are obtained. It is shown that the effects of couple stress parameter and the electric field reduce the growth rate considerably compared to a non-conducting fluid in the absence of an electric field. These are favorable to control the surface...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This study performs a dynamic analysis of the rub-impact rotor supported by two couple stress fluid film journal bearings. The strong nonlinear couple stress fluid film force, nonlinear rub-impact force and nonlinear suspension (hard spring) are presented and coupled together in this study. The displacements in the horizontal and vertical directions are considered for various non-dimensional speed ratios. The numerical results show that the dynamic behaviors of the system vary with the dimensionless speed ratios, the dimensionless unbalance parameters and the dimensionless parameter, l*. Inclusive of the periodic, sub-harmonic, quasi-periodic and chaotic motions are found in this analysis. The results of this study contribute to a further understanding of the nonlinear dynamics of a rotor-...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper develops a fluid dynamic model using finite difference methods characterizing flow in phantoms simulating in vivo conditions and to compare those results with velocity encoded MR images. The phantom consisted of 1-inch (2.5-cm) tubing with semicircular insert and fluid with viscosity, T1, and T2 comparable to blood. Numeric solutions to Navier-Stokes equations for this system were obtained using finite difference methods, with velocity input function of zero at walls and parabolic at both ends. In resulting color raster (CR) images, color temperature represented velocity value. In velocity-encoded MR images acquired under the same flow conditions, phase is proportional to average velocity during application of flow-encoding gradients. Because these gradients are applied along one direction per acquisition, magnitude and direction of velocity are obtained.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Vascular permeability factor (VPF) is an Mr 40-kD protein that has been purified from the conditioned medium of guinea pig line 10 tumor cells grown in vitro, and increases fluid permeability from blood...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Three new classes of finite, homogeneous and nonsingular solutions of Einstein's equations which have time-dependent expansion, shear and rotation are presented. The t-constant sections are of Bianchi type IX. The source of these geometries is a fluid which has not been thermalized. (Author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The 3-D model program was developed to apply a mise-a-la-masse method to linear current sources with optional shapes. Mise-a-la-masse method is a bipolar mapping survey method using current sources installed in wells, and recently has been widely used for direct exploration of geothermal reservoirs. This method is also used for monitoring underground fluid as electrode arrangement of fluid flow tomography for surveying underground fluid (geothermal fluid, underground water, petroleum). In the geothermal reservoir exploration, the casing pipes of wells are used as linear current sources, and measured data are processed as those based on vertical current source. In the largely inclined well, the inclination of current sources should be considered. The 3-D modeling program was developed by difference calculus using the theoretical potential equation and apparent resistivity based on linear current sources ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundClinical experience with the continuous glucose monitoring systems (CGMS) is limited in Korea. The objective of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of the CGMS and the...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Several dissimilatory, sulfate-reducing bacteria were isolated from the rumen fluid of sheep fed purified diets containing sulfate. One isolate, strain D, was selected for characterization. This organism...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The concentrations of doxycycline and 4-de-dimethylaminotetracycline required to inhibit 50% of collagenase activity were found to be 15 to 30 microM for human neutrophil and gingival crevicular fluid...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Hyaluronan (HA) is important for joint cavitation, lubrication, volume regulation and synovial fluid drainage but little is known about the regulation of joint HA synthesis/secretion in vivo....Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Critical properties of a fluid or fluid mixtures are important for describing fluid phase behavior, predicting physical properties, developing equations of state, and designing supercritical-fluid extraction processes, and compression and refrigeration units. The predictive capability of the Peng-Robinson-Styjek-Vera (PRSV-2) equation of state (1986) for critical properties of binary mixtures was investigated. The procedure adopted by Heidemann and Khalil (1980) and discussed by Abu-Eishah et al. (1998) was followed. An optimized value for the binary interaction parameter based on minimization of error between experimental and predicted critical temperatures was used. The standard and the average of the absolute relative deviations in critical properties are included. The predicted critical temperature and pressure for several nonpolar and polar systems agree well with experimental data and are always ...

Science.gov (United States)

A dielectric liquid having entrained bubbles of gas or vapor is subjected to an electric field applied between spaced electrodes (112, 116) which generates microdischarges (and thus plasma) within the bubbles, allowing modification of the properties of th...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper presents a methodology for modeling slug initiation and growth in horizontal ducts. Transient two-fluid equations are solved numerically using a class of high-resolution shock capturing methods. The advantage of this method is that slug formation and growth in a stratified regime can be calculated directly from the solutions to the flow field differential equations. In addition, by using high-resolution shock capturing methods that do not contain numerical diffusion, the discontinuity generated by slugging in the flow field can be modeled with good accuracy. The two-fluid model is shown to be well-posed mathematically only under certain conditions. Under these circumstances, the two-fluid model is capable of correctly predicting and modeling the flow physics. When ill-posed, an unbounded instability occurs in the flow field solution, and the instability amplitude increases exponentially with decreasing mesh ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

A Legionella-like organism (strain 1087-AZ-H) was isolated from a pleural-fluid specimen from a renal transplant patient undergoing immunosuppressive therapy. Growth characteristics and gas-liquid chromatography...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundClinical studies suggest that local wall shear stress (WSS) patterns modulate the site and the progression of atherosclerotic lesions. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Exposure of animals to hyperoxia decreases lung VEGF mRNA expression concomitant with an acute increase in VEGF protein within the epithelial lining fluid (ELF). The VEGF concentration in ELF...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The computational fluid dynamics methods for the limited flow rate and the small dimensions of an intracranial artery stenosis may help demonstrate the stroke mechanism in intracranial atherosclerosis....Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Geothermal energy resources are found in many countries. A reasonable and efficient utilization of these resources has been a worldwide concern. The application of geothermal heat pump systems (GHPS) can help increase the efficiency of using geothermal energy and reduce the thermal pollution to the earth surface. However, this is only possible with a proper working fluid. In this paper, a non-azeotropic working fluid (R290/R600a/R123) is presented for a GHPS where geothermal water at 40-45{sup o}C and heating network water at 70-80{sup o}C serve as the low and high temperature heat sources. Experimental results show that the coefficient of performance (COP) of a GHPS using the working fluid is above 3.5 with the condensation temperature above 80{sup o}C and the condensation pressure below 18 bar, while the temperature of the geothermal water is reduced from 40-46{sup o}C to 31-36{sup o}C. (author)

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

AbstractSevere pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with unfavorable outcomes secondary to injury from activation of the inflammatory cascade, the release of excitotoxic...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Purpose.To determine the effects of vasodilators on intraocular pressure (IOP) and the protein content of sheep aqueous humor (AH), because the vasodilators may increase fluid leakage...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Background:Continuous renal replacement therapy is used to manage fluid and solute imbalances in critically ill patients but may affect the clearance of concurrently administered...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundChronic wasting disease (CWD) of cervids is a prion disease distinguished by high levels of transmissibility, wherein bodily fluids and excretions are thought to play an...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Three areas have been investigated: coal liquefaction with supercritical fluids, liquefaction by extraction with high boiling liquid solvents, and the production of resins from coal-derived hydrocarbons. The processes are described.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Zinc modulates the activity of glutamic acid decarboxylase, the rate limiting enzyme in the synthesis of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter. Low cerebrospinal...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Transmission electron microscopy analysis (TEMA) was used to analyze the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of 262 subjects occupationally exposed (OE) to nonfibrous mineral particles (NFMP) and 42...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A number of binary geothermal cycles utilizing mixed hydrocarbon working fluids were analyzed with the overall objective of finding a working fluid which can produce low-cost electrical energy using a moderately-low temperature geothermal resource. Both boiling and supercritical shell-and-tube cycles were considered. The performance of a dual-boiling isobutane cycle supplied by a 280/sup 0/F hydrothermal resource (corresponding to the 5 MW pilot plant at the Raft River site in Idaho) was selected as a reference. To investigate the effect of resource temperature on the choice of working fluid, several analyses were conducted for a 360/sup 0/F hydrothermal resource, which is representative of the Heber resource in California. The hydrocarbon working fluids analyzed included methane, ethane, propane, isobutane, isopentane, hexane, heptane, and mixtures of those pure hydrocarbons. For comparison, two ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BACKGROUND--Interstitial lung diseases are characterised by the recruitment of mononuclear cells to disease sites where maturation occurs and activation products, including lysozyme (LZM), are released....Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

An 11-year-old mare presented 36 hours after foaling with a ruptured bladder. Uroperitoneum was diagnosed on ultrasound and from the creatinine concentration of the peritoneal fluid. Bladder endoscopy...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

Infant mice were used to measure the amount of fluid accumulation (enterosorption) in the intestinal tract after oral inoculation of a porcine strain of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (K88-+, Ent-+). Significant reduction in the amount of fluid found in the intestinal tract was observed if the mice were first inoculated with a K88-possessing, non-enterotoxigenic strain of E. coli. The protection provided is thought to be due to specific competition for attachment sites on cells of the small intestine. PMID:1095492

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tests for the applicability of a CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) code for simulating activity transport in PNA (Pulsed Neutron Activation) fluid measurements have been performed. The CFD code was combined with a Monte Carlo code used for the calculation of the initial activity distribution. The results from the calculations show that it is possible to use CFD for calculation of the activity distribution in PNA. The mainly qualitative results in this work are encouraging and suggest further work. In the continuation of this work a response function for the gamma detector will be calculated so that a PNA time spectrum can be simulated. A more accurate comparison with experimental data can then be performed

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The present paper investigates the peristaltic transport of a couple stress fluid in an asymmetric channel with the effect of the induced magnetic field. The exact solutions of momentum and the magnetic field equations have been calculated under the assumptions of long wave length and low but finite Reynolds number. The expression for pressure rise has been computed numerically using mathematics software Mathematica. The graphical results have been presented to discuss the physical behavior of various physical parameters of interest. Finally, the trapping phenomena have been discussed for various physical parameters. (orig.)

Science.gov (United States)

This paper discusses the influence of an endoscope on the peristaltic flow of a couple stress fluid in an annulus under a zero Reynolds number and long wavelength approximation. The inner tube is uniform, rigid, while the outer tube has a sinusoidal wave traveling down its wall. Analytical expressions for the axial velocity, stream function and axial pressure gradient are established. The flow is investigated in a wave frame of reference moving with the velocity of the wave. Numerical calculations are carried out for the pressure rise, frictional forces and trapping. The features of the flow characteristics are analyzed by plotting graphs and discussed in detail.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Westinghouse Electric Germany GmbH has developed fluid dynamic models for medium-actuated armatures using the thermal hydraulic code RELAP5 in order to reach a more realistic description of the armature behavior including fluid-structure interactions in case of transient flow conditions in piping systems. The contribution is concerned with the modeling of damped check valves. The model allows the description of the behavior during opening and closure of a check armature. The calculated results show good agreement with the available measured data.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The production of many important commercial materials involves the evolution of a complex fluid through a cooling phase into a hardened product. Textile fibers, high-strength fibers(KEVLAR, VECTRAN), plastics, chopped-fiber compounds, and fiber optical cable are such materials. Industry desires to replace experiments with on-line, real time models of these processes. Solutions to the problems are not just a matter of technology transfer, but require a fundamental description and simulation of the processes. Goals of the project are to develop models that can be used to optimize macroscopic properties of the solid product, to identify sources of undesirable defects, and to seek boundary-temperature and flow-and-material controls to optimize desired properties.

Science.gov (United States)

This study presents a semi-active vibration control of a scaled two-span bridge structure. Magneto-rheological fluid dampers are utilized as the semi-active energy absorbing devices, and a bridge vibration control system is developed. Closed-loop control system based on fuzzy logic is used to suppress the bridge deck motion under random excitation. It is demonstrated that this fuzzy logic control system can significantly reduce the relative deck displacement using about 60% less power compared to passive on state, while the absolute deck acceleration remains practically unchanged.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this study the authors examine the convective cooling provided by fluid trapped in the cavity between two consecutive rollers in a roller bearing. In order to calculate the steady-state temperature of the roller, the designer must know nor only the rolling-contact heat input received by the roller but also the convection cooling effect of the surrounding fluid. Until recently, this lateral convection cooling effect was modeled by assuming a certain (constant) heat transfer coefficient h at the roller surface, and then calculating the steady-state temperature distribution around the roller.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

As the result of 15 years of research (50 staff years of effort) Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), through its involvement in fluidized-bed combustion, magnetohydrodynamics, and a variety of environmental programs, has produced extensive computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software and models to predict the multiphase hydrodynamic and reactive behavior of fluid-solids motions and interactions in complex fluidized-bed reactors (FBRS) and slurry systems. This has resulted in the FLUFIX, IRF, and SLUFIX computer programs. These programs are based on fluid-solids hydrodynamic models and can predict information important to the designer of atmospheric or pressurized bubbling and circulating FBR, fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) and slurry units to guarantee optimum efficiency with minimum release of pollutants into the environment. This latter issue will become of paramount importance with the enactment of the ...

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The novel optical, electronic, and/or magnetic properties of metal and semiconductor nanoparticles have resulted in extensive research on new methods for their preparation. An ideal preparation method would allow the particle size, size distribution, crystallinity, and particle shape to be easily controlled, and would be applicable to a wide variety of material systems. Numerous preparation methods have been reported, each with its inherent advantages and disadvantages; however, an ideal method has yet to emerge. The most widely applied methods for nanoparticle preparation include the sonochemical reduction of organometallic reagents,(1&2) the solvothermal method of Alivisatos,(3) reactions in microemulsions,(4-6) the polyol method (reduction by alcohols),(7-9) and the use of polymer and solgel materials as hosts.(10-13) In addition to these methods, there are a variety of methods that take advantage of the unique properties of a supercritical fluid.(14&15) ...

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A number of binary geothermal cycles utilizing mixed hydrocarbon working fluids were analyzed with the overall objective of finding a working fluid which can produce low-cost electrical energy using a moderately low temperature geothermal resource. Both boiling and supercritical shell-and-tube cycles were considered. The performance of a dual-boiling isobutane cycle supplied by a 280/sup 0/F hydrothermal resource (corresponding to the 5MW pilot plant at the Raft River site in Idaho) was selected as a reference. To investigate the effect of resource temperature on the choice of working fluid, several analyses were conducted for a 360/sup 0/F hydrothermal resource, which is representative of the Heber resource in California. The hydrocarbon working fluids analyzed included methane, ethane, propane, isobutane, isopentane, hexane, heptane, and mixtures of those pure hydrocarbons. For comparison, two ...

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High energy piping systems are operated with either or both conditions of maximum operating temperature exceeding 200 .deg. F(93.3 .deg. C) or maximum operating pressure exceeding 275 psig(19.3kg/cm{sup 2}) during normal operating conditions in nuclear power plants. A high energy pipe failure is postulated in branches or piping that runs larger than one inch nominal diameter. The resultant consequences of these postulated pipe breaks must be analyzed for the effect on maintenance of plant safe shutdown capability, containment integrity. And the analyzed results must be applied to the system design so that a pipe failure can not damage essential systems to an extent of impairing design function nor affect necessary component operability. The considerable effects of pipe break are as follows; dynamic effects such as pipe whip, jet impingement and environmental impact by release of system contents. Two types of forces are occurred by the pipe whip. The one is pipe whip impact force that ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The growing concern of the population with regards to the problem of atmospheric pollution has induced a change in the role of air quality monitoring networks, especially those monitoring air pollution in large cities which suffer from summer smog. The population is no longer satisfied with real-time measurements but wants to be warmed of high pollutants concentrations in advance. Some countries have been forecasting air pollution, and especially ozone, for a large number of years. Although most of them use statistical models based on the analyses of past conditions which induced high pollution episodes, some predict ozone levels using only their knowledge of the meteorological situation. Nowadays two trends appear regarding ozone forecasting: either very basic statistical methods, such as regression, or more sophisticated ones, such as neural networks. The paper then reviews several behaviours common to most forecasting models: the uncertainly due to the great dependence upon the ...