A bone tissue engineering strategy based on starch scaffolds and bone marrow cells cultured in a flow perfusion bioreactor

Science.gov (United States)

Gomes, Maria Manuela Estima

A Engenharia de Tecidos e uma area cientifica em continua expansao. Os desenvolvimentos conseguidos por esta area tem contribuido significativamente para diversos avancos no campo da Medicina Regenerativa. Esta ciencia interdisciplinar combina os conhecimentos de diversas outras areas, tao distintas como a Engenharia de Materiais e a Biologia, com o objectivo de desenvolver substitutos sinteticos para tecidos humanos. Para se atingir este objectivo utilizam-se, de uma forma generica, combinacoes especificas de celulas e de um material de suporte tridimensional com propriedades adequadas, gerando um material hibrido cujas caracteristicas podem ainda ser moduladas atraves do sistema de cultura usado. A presente tese e centrada no desenvolvimento de estrategias de engenharia de tecido osseo baseadas na cultura in vitro de celulas previamente "semeadas" num suporte tridimensional ("scaffold"). Esta estrategia permite que as celulas adiram ao suporte, proliferem e segreguem matriz extracelular especifica do tecido osseo, ate se obter um substituto artificial funcional com caracteristicas do tecido original, que pode finalmente ser transplantado para tratar o defeito em causa. Para que uma estrategia deste tipo seja bem sucedida, pelo menos tres componentes fundamentais devem ser cuidadosamente estudados: o material de suporte (scaffold), as celulas a usar e o sistema de cultura in vitro. Dai que os principais objectivos desta tese estejam relacionados com estes tres aspectos, nomeadamente: • Desenvolvimento de scaffolds biodegradaveis a partir de polimeros a base de amido de milho que induzam a adesao e proliferacao celular e que apresentem propriedades adequadas, tais como a porosidade e interconectividade entre poros, de forma a proporcionar um ambiente que favoreca o desenvolvimento in vitro de um material hibrido com caracteristicas similares ao osso humano. • Estudo da utilizacao de celulas da medula ossea como uma potencial fonte de celulas para engenharia do

Opioid system manipulation during testicular development: results on sperm production and sertoli cells population = Manipulação do sistema opioidérgico durante o desenvolvimento testicular: consequência sobre a produção espermática e a população de células de sertoli

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fernanda Mafra Cajú

2011-04-01

Full Text Available The Sertoli cell has fundamental importance to the development andmaintenance of spermatogenesis, as well as it has a directly proportional numerical relationship to sperm production. The proliferative period of this cell in rats occurs between 13 days pre-natal and 21 days pos-natal, when is established the final population in adult animals. The Leydig cell can modulate the Sertoli cell proliferation during fetal and neonatal periodƒn throughƒnƒnƒÒ-endorphin. The manipulation of opioidergic system can promote changes in parameters related to development of nervous, endocrine andreproductive systems. By the way, the main purpose of this present work was to compare the effects of the blockade of opioid receptor blocking in Sertoli cells using naltrexone (50 mg kg-1 during fetal and neonatal period in Wistar rats. According to the results, themanipulation of opioidergic system during pre-natal period reduced the total length of seminiferous tubule and Sertoli cell population in adult rats, but sperm production was normal because this cell has had a compensatory response for spermatozoids support capacity.As celulas de Sertoli tem fundamental importancia para o desenvolvimento e manutencao da espermatogenese, bem como possuem uma relacao numerica diretamente proporcional com a producao espermatica. O periodo proliferativo destas celulas em ratos ocorre entre 13 dias pre-natal e 21 dias pos-natal, resultando na definicao da populacao decelulas de Sertoli nos animais adultos. As celulas de Leydig podem modular a proliferacao das celulas de Sertoli durante o periodo fetal e neonatal por meio da ƒÒ-endorfina. A manipulacao do sistema opioidergico durante esta fase pode promover alteracoes em parametros relacionados com o desenvolvimento dos sistemas nervoso, endocrino ereprodutivo. Em virtude disto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi comparar os efeitos do bloqueio de receptores opioides nas celulas de Sertoli, utilizando o naltrexone (50 mg kg

Nucleic Acids and Protein Metabolism of Bone Marrow Cells Studied by Means of Tritiumlabelled Precursors; Etude du Metabolisme des Acides Nucleiques et des Proteines dans les Cellules de la Moelle Osseuse, a l'Aide de Precurseurs Trities; 0418 0437 0443 0414 ; Estudio con Ayuda de Precursores Tritiados del Metabolismo de los acidos Nucleicos y de las Proteinas en las Celulas de la Medula Osea;

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gavosto, F. [Istituto di Clinica Medica Generale e Centro di Studi Fisico-Biologici, Universita de Turin, Turin (Italy)

1962-02-15

. L'auteur examine ensuite la diminution et la dissociation du metabolisme de l'ARN et des proteines, dans les cellules de sujets atteints de leucemie aiguee, par rapport aux anomalies bien connues que presente le processus de maturation de ces cellules. (author) [Spanish] El autor examina las ventajas que presenta el empleo de los compuestos marcados con tritio en la tecnica autorradiografica. En efecto, los electrones emitidos por el tritio tienen una energia maxima de 0,018 MeV, que corresponde, aproximadamente, a un alcance de 1 miera en una emulsion fotografica y permiten, por lo tanto, lograr el maximo poder de resolucion al nivel celular y subcelular. Ello es particularmente util para estudiar fenomenos metabolicos en tejidos que se componen, como en el caso de la medula osea, de celulas de varios tipos en diversos estados de diferenciacion. Esta tecnica se ha aplicado al estudio del metabolismo de los acidos nucleicos y de las proteinas en las celulas normales y leucemicas de la medula osea. El metabolismo del acido desoxirribonucleico se ha estudiado utilizando un precursor especifico, la timidina-{sup 3}H. Comparando los elementos normales y leucemicos que han alcanzado un grado de madurez analogo, se han observado diferencias significativas en el porcentaje de celulas marcadas. Especialmente, en los casos de leucemia aguda, se ha comprobado que la incorporacion de timidina en las celulas leucemicas disminuye muy notablemente. Se estima que estos resultados constituyen una prueba de que la capacidad de proliferacion de estas celulas disminuye en comparacion con la de los mieloblastos normales. Por este mismo procedimiento, se ha estudiado el metabolismo del acido ribonucleico y de las proteinas, utilizando como precursores uridina-{sup 3}H, leucina-{sup 3}H y fenilalanina-{sup 3}H. Actualmente, en biologia celular se admite sin reservas la existencia de una estrecha relacion entre el metabolismo del acido ribonucleico y el de las proteinas. Ademas, se ha

ORF Alignment: NC_002570 [GENIUS II[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available NC_002570 gi|15613166 >1ceo0 7 334 45 353 9e-20 ... dbj|BAB04322.1| endo-beta-1,4-glucanase (celula...se B) [Bacillus halodurans C-125] ... ref|NP_241469.1| endo-beta-1,4-glucanase (celulas...e B) ... [Bacillus halodurans C-125] pir||C83725 ... endo-beta-1,4-glucanase (celulase B) BH06

Therapeutic Effect of Exosomes on Ischemic Stroke in Experimental Animals

OpenAIRE

Carvallo, P; Astudillo, P

2016-01-01

La posibilidad de que los exosomas funcionen como una nueva forma de comunicación intercelular para establecer y mantener circuitos cerebrales está comenzando a ser explorada. Los exosomas son liberados desde células e interactúan con otras células receptoras para mediar cambios fisiológicos. Todas las células cerebrales liberan exosomas incluyendo las celulas madre neuronales, las neuronas, astrocitos, microglia, oligodendrocitos y las celulas endoteliales. El objetivo de esta revisión es re...

Asymmetric electrooptic response in a nematic liquid crystal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dascalu, Constanta [Politechnica University of Bucharest, Bucharest (Romania)

2001-06-01

An asymmetric electrooptic response in nematic liquid crystal (LC) has been obtained. The liquid crystal hybrid cell was made by using a standard configuration. One of the ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) electrodes was covered with a surfactant, which induces a homeotropic alignment. The second of the indium tin oxide electrodes was covered by a thin layer of photopolymer, which was previously mixed with an acid, which favours a process of release of protons. Such cations are responsible of electrochemical process in the LC leading to an asymmetric electrooptic response, which depend on the polarity of the applied electric field. This fact is due to an internal field, which change the effective voltage thresholds for the reorientation of the liquid crystal. During the anodic polarization, the optical switching is inhibited because the effective field decreases below the threshold value. On contrary for the opposite polarization the effective field is enough to determine a homeotropic alignment. [Spanish] Se ha obtenido una respuesta electro-optica asimetrica en cristales liquidos neumaticos. La celula hibrida de cristal liquido fue construida utilizando una configuracion estandar. Uno de los electrodos ITO fue cubierto con una pelicula delgada de material organico para inducir una alineacion homeotropa. El otro electrodo ITO fue cubierto con una pelicula delgada de fotopolimero anteriormente mezclada con un acido para favorecer la emision de protones. Estos cationes son responsables del proceso electroquimico en LC, conduciendo a una respuesta electro-optica asimetrica que depende de la polaridad del campo electrico aplicado. Este efecto es originado por un campo interno que cambia el umbral efectivo del voltaje para la reorientacion del cristal liquido. Durante la polarizacion anodica, la conmutacion optica se inhibe debido a que el campo efectivo disminuye abajo del valor del umbral. Por el contrario, para la polarizacion opuesta el campo efectivo es suficiente para

Action of uranium on pre implanted mouse embryos; Accion del uranio sobre los embriones de preimplantacion de raton

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kundt, Miriam S [Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica, General San Martin (Argentina). Dept. de Radiobiologia

2001-07-01

de preimplantacion cultivados in vitro son empleados desde hace algun tiempo para evaluar los efectos de contaminantes ambientales, en especial metales. En este trabajo se ha utilizado este modelo para presentar los efectos citotoxicos, embriotoxicos y genotoxicos del uranio. Los embriones fueron obtenidos mediante superovulacion de hembras hibridas CBA x C57 Bl, apareadas luego con machos NIH y cultivados en medio M16 como medio control. Tres experimentos diferentes se llevaron adelante 'A', 'B' y 'C' utilizando nitrato de uranilo hexahidratado UO{sub 2}(NO{sub 3}){sub 2} 6H{sub 2}O como fuente de uranio. En el experimento 'A' los embriones desde el estadio de una celula se cultivaron durante 120 hs. en la misma placa, conteniendo una concentracion final de uranio de 13, 26, 52, 104 y 208 {mu}gU/ml. En el experimento 'B' los embriones fueron puestos a cultivar desde el estadio de una celula a una concentracion final de uranio de 26, 52 y 104 {mu}gU/ml, a las 24 hs. de cultivo los embriones que pasaron a 2 celulas fueron cambiados a una placa preparada nuevamente, manteniendo las mismas concentraciones de uranio que la anterior, hasta finalizar el periodo de incubacion de 120 hs. En el experimento 'C' los embriones fueron puestos a cultivar desde el estadio de una celula a una concentracion final de uranio de 26, 52 y 104 {mu}gU/ml y fueron cambiados de placa de cultivo cada 24 hs., manteniendo estas placas nuevas las mismas concentraciones de uranio que la primera y el cultivo finalizo a las 72 hs. El clivaje embrionario desde 1 celula a 2 celulas no se ha visto estadisticamente afectado respecto del control, en los 4388 embriones analizados, en los diferentes tratamientos y las diferentes concentraciones de uranio empleadas. Desde el clivaje de 2 celulas en adelante, momento que el embrion comienza a sintetizar su propio ARNm, el retraso en el desarrollo embrionario, el grado de fragmentacion, el porcentaje de embriones atresicos y las malformaciones embrionarias

Study of apoptotic mechanisms induced by all-trans retinoic acid and its 13-cis isomer on cellular lines of human hepato carcinoma Hep3B and HepG2; Estudio de los mecanismos apoptoticos inducidos por el acido retinoico todo-trans y su isomero 13-cis en las lineas celulares de hepatocarcinoma humano Hep3B y HepG2

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Arce Vargas, Frederick [Costa Rica

2006-07-01

of these cells to different chemotherapeutic agents. Survivin might decrease the answer of treatment by to be anti-apoptotic and even to change the apoptosis by other forms of cellular death (necrosis, mitotic catastrophe, etc.) doing that therapy be less efficient. Hep3B cells were sensitized with ATRA before to be treated with 5-FU and it was observed a more cytotoxicity than when every drug was used separately. Also there were required concentrations lower of both agents to produce cellular death. This effect didn't see with HepG2 cells. Although retinoids seem to be promising in the hepato carcinoma treatment, it must do more studies to improve the bioavailability and to decrease the unspecific toxicity of these drugs, including combinations with other agents, use of liposomes or synthesis of compounds with effects more selective that might be even directed to certain specific routes of cellular death. (author) [Spanish] Dos lineas celulares de cancer de higado (Hep3B and HepG2) se incubaron durante diferentes periodos de tiempo con varias concentraciones de dos isomeros del acido retinoico (ATRA y 13-cis AR) y con los agentes quimioterapeuticos 5-FU, cisplatino y paclitaxel. Se determino si estas sustancias inducian citotoxicidad, apoptosis y si modificaban la expresion de diferentes genes relacionados con la muerte celular por apoptosis, en parte para poder explicar la resistencia del carcinoma hepatocelular a estas drogas. Las celulas HepG2 mostraron mayor resistencia que las celulas Hep3B a las 72 horas de tratamiento, tanto el ATRA como el 13-cis AR fueron toxicos. Tambien se demostro que producian apoptosis en las dos lineas celulares. Este tipo de muerte celular parece estar mediada por una disminucion en la concentracion de Bcl-xL en las celulas Hep3B tratadas con ambos retinoides y un aumento en la concentracion de Bax en las celulas HepG2 tratadas con 13-cis AR. Se observo proteolisis de procaspasas 3 y 8 en las celulas Hep3B, sugiriendo activacion de

Effects of Radiation on Germ Cells of Insects: Dominant Lethals, Gamete Inactivation and Gonial-Cell Killing; Effets des rayonnements sur les cellules germinales des insectes: letalite dominante, inactivation des gametes et destruction des cellules des gonades; Vozdejstvie radiatsii na polovye kletki nasekomykh: dominantnye letali, inaktivatsiya gamet i umershchvlenie polovykh kletok; Efectos de las radiaciones sobre las celulas germinales de los insectos: elementos letales dominantes, inactivacion de los gametos y exterminacion de las celulas gonadicas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Von Borstel, R. C. [Biology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

1963-09-15

en calculant la viabilite des gametes, au moyen d'experiences comparatives avec des populations non irradiees ainsi que par l'examen histologique des gonades. (author) [Spanish] Las radiaciones y los productos quimicos mutagenos pueden matar las celulas de modos diversos, a saber: mediante la induccion de uno o varios tipos de elementos letales dominantes, por inactivacion directa de una funcion, como la produccion de esperma, y por procedimientos geneticamente indefinibles de exterminacion que pueden o no estar relacionados con la letalidad dominante intrinseca. Por otra parte, los productos quimicos mutagenos parecen provocar un curioso aumento de la capacidad fertilizante de la esperma. La radiosensibilidad varia segun las diferentes etapas de la oogenesis y de la espermatogenesis, y las celulas pasan por fases en que dicha sensibilidad llega a ser 50 veces superior o inferior que en otras. En la medida en que distintas especies de dipteros, himenopteros y coleopteros son comparables, puede observarse una sorprendente analogia en la radiosensibilidad, tanto segun las etapas como segun las dosis. La radiosensibilidad de las celulas germinales del gusano de seda Bombyx mori (Lepidopt. ) parece similar en muchos aspectos a la de los insectos de otros ordenes, pero en cambio hay grandes diferencias en cuanto a los tipos de elementos letales dominantes que en el pueden inducirse. Las especies con mecanismos geneticos atipicos (por ejemplo, el sistema lecanoideo del Planococcus citri (Hemipt. ; Coccidae) constituyen casos especiales y su radiosensibilidad varia considerablemente en relacion con la de otras especies. Para la lucha contra los insectos por el metodo de irradiacion de los machos, la creacion de un elemento letal dominante ofrece en las especies donde las copulas son multiples las mismas ventajas que en las especies que copulan solo iva vez. La inactivacion de la esperma y la exterminacion de las celulas gonadicas pueden considerarse como casos de autentica

Melhoramento da soja: II. Melhoramento por hibridação Soybean improvement in São Paulo: II- cross-pollination method

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shiro Miyasaka

1958-01-01

Full Text Available Três séries de cruzamentos artificiais de soja entre as variedades Abura X Mogiana, La 41-1219 X D 49-772 e La 41-1219 X Mogiana, são relatadas. As populações descendentes destes híbridos foram estudadas, parte pelo método de seleção individual e parte pelo método de "mistura" (bulked, durante cinco gerações. Pela seleção individual tornou-se possível selecionar as linhagens L-298, L-311, L-326 e L-356, as quais se destacaram pela sua boa produtividade e por alguns característicos agronômicos desejáveis. A linhagem L-31 1 apresentou boa resistência à deiscência das vagens, altura da planta ideal para a colheita mecânica, não revelou acamamento das plantas e mostrou sementes graúdas, de tamanho aproximado ao da variedade Mogiana. As linhagens L-326 e L-356 mostraram resistência ao acamamento e à desiscência das vagens, apresentaram altura da planta própria para colheita mecânica, resistência ao ataque de nematóide e elevada porcentagem de óleo nas sementes. Com exceção da linhagem L-326, que é isenta de rachadura na casca da semente, nas linhagens L-298, L-311 e L-356 êsse defeito ainda não foi eliminado por completo e, por conseguinte, o trabalho de melhoramento deverá prosseguir no sentido de procurar reduzir esse defeito através de novas hibridações artificiais. A linhagem L-326, em virtude do bom resultado apresentado, já se encontra em fase de aumento para ser experimentada regionalmente.Three series of soybean crosses using the commercial varieties Abura X Mogiana, La 41-1219 X D 49-772 and La 41-1219 X Mogiana are reported. Five generations of the hybrid population were studied, part following the pedigree and part using the bulk method of selection. Using individual plant selection three promising lines (L-298, L-311 and L-356 were obtained. Line L-311 was selected due to its high yield, non-shattering and non-lodging characteristics, adequate height for combining, and suitable seed size, similar

Studi Pemanfaatan Catu Daya Hibrida PLTS 3,7 kWp Dan PLN Pada Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah Desa Pemecutan Kaja Denpasar Bali

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aries Arimbawa

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Abstract—Pemecutan Kaja waste treatment plant (WTP was a community treatment plant located in one of Denpasar city ward to process sewerage produced by community members. The WTP uses radial flow anaerobic system which mainly consists of rabic pro and up flow tanks. The water produced by the WTP was released to nearby river as it already met envinronmental quality standard. The WTP was driven by an electric pump to circulate sewer material within the process flow. The pump was fed by hybrid power supply combining 3.7 kW solar PV and power from utility grid. The WTP was operated by village council of Pemecutan Kaja. The study presented here was result of firstly, evaluation on the utilization and performance of solar PV plant, and secondly, to propose managerial model that can manage the plant effectively and sustainably. The study found that daily average energy produced bythe PVplant was 23.59 kWh yielding cost of energy at IDR 7,766/kWh. Experiment to clean filters of the plant reduced daily energy consumption from 8.84 kWh to 3.05 kWh or 65%. Household that connected to the plant pay monthly subscription currently at IDR 10,000.  However, for sustainable operation of the plant, the household need to pay IDR 51,654. Keywords: Renewable Energy, Solar PV, Hybrid Power Supply, Waste Treatment, Managerial Model Abstrak—Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL Desa Pemecutan Kaja adalah IPAL yang terletak di salah satu lingkungan kota Denpasar yang berfungi untuk mengolah air limbah yang dihasilkan oleh anggota masyarakat. IPAL ini meggunakan sistem radial flow anaerobic yang terdiri tangki rabic pro dan tangki up flow filter. Air hasil pengolahan limbah dapat langsung disalurkan ke sungai karena sudah memenuhi baku mutu limbah cair. IPAL ini menggunakan pompa listrik untuk mengalirkan limbah menuju tangki penyaringan. Pompa ini mengunakan catu daya hibrida PLTS 3,7 kW dan PLN. IPAL ini dikelola langsung oleh masyarakat desa Pemecutan Kaja. Hasil

Developing a Model Using Homer for a Hybrid Hydrogen Fuel Cell System

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fera Annisa

2013-04-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACT. Hydrogen is widely considered be the fuel of the near future. Combined wind/PV energy hybrid systems can be used to sources energy to hydrogen production. This paper describes design, simulation and feasibility study of a hybrid energy system for a household in Malaysia. One year recorded wind speed and solar radiation are used for the design of a hybrid energy system. In 2000 was average annual wind speed in Johor Bahru is 3.76 m/s and annual average solar energy resource available is 5.08 kWh/m2/day. National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s HOMER software was used to select an optimum hybrid energy system. In the optimization process, HOMER simulates every system configuration in the search space and displays the feasible ones in a table, sorted by total net present cost (TNPC. The optimization study indicates that sensitivity analysis of the HOMER is shown in the overall winner which shows that the most least cost and optimize hybrid system is combination of 10 kW of PV array, 1 unit of wind turbine, 2 kW of fuel cell, 120 units of batteries and 6 kW converter as well as 1 kW of electrolyzer so as to generate the minimum COE, $2.423 kWh- 1. Although renewable sources (wind and PV involved in the power generation, 1 kg of hydrogen was produced in this system. Pengembangan Model Dengan Menggunakan Homer Untuk Sistem Sel Berbahan bakar Hidrogen Hibrida ABSTRAK. Hidrogen secara luas dianggap sebagai bahan bakar masa depan. Gabungan sistem hibrida energi angin/fotovoltaik dapat digunakan untuk sumber energi produksi hidrogen. Makalah ini menjelaskan desain, simulasi dan studi kelayakan dari sistem energi hibrida untuk rumah tangga di Malaysia. Satu tahun kecepatan angin tercatat dan radiasi matahari digunakan untuk desain sistem energi hibrida. Pada tahun 2000 adalah kecepatan angin rata-rata tahunan di Johor Bahru 3.76 m/det dan rata-rata sumber daya energi surya tahunan yang tersedia adalah 5.08 kWjam/m2/ hari. Software HOMER digunakan

Estudo comparativo das inclusões do alastrim e da vacina no macaco (Macacus rhesus A comparison of the inclusion bodies of alastrim and vaccinia in the monkey (Macacus rhesus

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

C. Magarinos Torres

1934-02-01

Full Text Available Vesiculas e pustulas contendo numerosas inclusões citoplasmicas nas celulas epidermicas, foram regularmente produzidas no macaco (Macacus rhesus, quer com o virus do alastrim, quer com o da vacina, após inoculação endovenosa e sem previa escarificação. O virus do alastrim parece menos virulento para essa especie de macaco que o da vacina. Ao passo que 12 macacos rhesus injetados por via endovenosa com sete amostras diferentes de virus do alastrim, após apresentarem com regularidade um infecção experimental, sobreviveram e se conservaram em boa saúde, a injecção endovenosa do virus da vacina recentemente preparado (polpa bruta produziu a morte em 2, dentre 4 animais experimentados. 2. - Foram notadas diferenças pequenas, mas nitidas, na morfologia das inclusões do alastrim e da vacina, em material fixado no liquido de Helly, incluido em parafina e corado pela hematoxilina-eosina. Dizem elas respeito ao numero de inclusões encontradas em cada celula epidermica e às suas reações de coloração. 3. - As inclusões do alastrim, quando apresentam grandes dimensões, conservam-se unicas ou solitarias no citoplasma das celulas epidermicas do macaco rhesus, e coram-se em tonalidade que varia do azul escuro ao cinzento-azulado. Comtudo, em celulas que sofreram necrose, ou naquelas contendo 2 a 4 inclusões de pequenas dimensões, por vezes elas se mostram coradas em roseo. 4. - As inclusões da vacina, quando em faze adeantada de desenvolvimento, são multiplas nas celulas epidermicas do macaco rhesus e mostram, regularmente, uma policromatofilia caracteristica.1. - Vesicles and pustules containing numerous cytoplasmic inclusion bodies within the epidermal cells were regularly produced in monkeys (Macacus rhesus by intravenous inoculation either of alastrim virus or of recently prepared vaccine emulsion, no previous scarifications being required. Alastrim virus seems less virulent for this species of monkey than the virus of vaccinia is

The Combined Use of Autoradiographic and Electron Microscopic Techniques for Studies on Ultra-Thin Sections of Tritium-Labelled Cells of the Intestinal Epithelium; Emploi Combine de l'Autoradiographie et du Microscope Electronique pour L'Etude de Coupes Ultra-Fines de Cellules Tritiees de l'Epithelium Intestinal; 0421 043e 0432 043c 0435 0414 ; Empleo Combinado de Tecnicas de Autorradiografia y de MicroscopiA Electronica para Estudiar Cortes Ultrafinos de Celulas Tritiadas del Epitelio Intestinal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hampton, J. C. [Division of Experimental Biology, Baylor University College of Medicine, TX (United States); Quastler, H. [Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, Long Island, NY (United States)

1962-02-15

dans la cellule. Les travaux presentes dans ce memoire demontrent qu'il est possible d'etudier au microscope electronique des coupes ultrafines de cellules marquees, de recuperer l'echantillon apres avoir pris des micrographies electroniques convenables, de l'enduire d'une emulsion suffisamment epaisse pour obtenir une autoradiographie, mais tout de meme assez mince pour permettre un nouvel examen au microscope electronique et obtenir des images micrographiques des autoradiographies deja faites. L'emulsion autoradiographique a ete appliquee comme suit: formation d'une mince pellicule sur une petite boucle de fil metallique plongee dans l'emulsion liquide, puis transfert de la pellicule par passage de la boucle sur l'echantillon monte, fixe a l'extremite d'une chevillette en plastique. On peut effectuer un controle satisfaisant en prenant, lorsqu'on fait les coupes, une coupe d'un demimicron apres chaque coupe ultrafine en la montant sur une lamelle de verre et en appliquant les techniques autoradiographiques classiques. En raison de la fragilite des coupes ultrafines, le nombre d'autoradiographies reussies est tres faible. Malgre cet inconvenient, on peut esperer qu'avec une plus grande experience et un perfectionnement des techniques, cette methode aidera a mieux comprendre les processus des cellules vitales. (author) [Spanish] Merced al elevado grado de resolucion que puede alcanzarse actualmente por observacion de cortes de celulas en el microscopio electronico, resulta posible estudiar algunos de los procesos intracelulares que conducen a la sintesis de las proteinas. La especificidad de la incorporacion de timidina tritiada en la molecula de acido desoxirribonucleico permite seguir detenidamente el desarrollo del proceso en funcion del tiempo y su localizacion dentro de la celula. Los trabajos descritos en la presente memoria demuestran que es posible estudiar por microscopia electronica cortes ultrafinos de celulas tritiadas, retirar la muestra una vez que se han

Tetrasomy 15q11-q13 identified by fluorescence in situ hybridization in a patient with autistic disorder Identificação de tetrassomia 15q11-q13 por hibridação in situ fluorescente em uma paciente com distúrbio autístico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Elizabete Silva

2002-06-01

Full Text Available We report a female child with tetrasomy of the 15q11-q13 chromosomal region, and autistic disorder associated with mental retardation, developmental problems and behavioral disorders. Combining classical and molecular cytogenetic approaches by fluorescence in situ hybridization technique, the karyotype was demonstrated as 47,XX,+mar.ish der(15(D15Z1++,D15S11++,GABRB3++,PML-. Duplication of the 15q proximal segment represents the most consistent chromosomal abnormality reported in association with autism. The contribution of the GABA receptor subunit genes, and other genes mapped to this region, to the clinical symptoms of the disease is discussed.Relatamos uma criança do sexo feminino com tetrassomia da região cromossômica 15q11-q13 e distúrbio autístico associado com retardo mental, problemas de desenvolvimento e distúrbios comportamentais. A combinação de metodologias da citogenética clássica e molecular pela técnica de hibridação in situ fluorescente, demonstrou o cariótipo como 47,XX,+mar.ish der(15 (D15Z1++,D15S11++,GABRB3++,PML. Duplicação do segmento 15q proximal representa a mais consistente anomalia cromossômica relatada em associação com autismo. A contribuição dos genes das subunidades do recepetor GABA, assim como outros genes mapeados nessa região, para os sintomas clínicos da doença é discutida.

"Discovering the Cell": An Educational Game about Cell and Molecular Biology

Science.gov (United States)

Spiegel, Carolina N.; Alves, Gutemberg G.; Cardona, Tania da S.; Melim, Leandra M. C.; Luz, Mauricio R. M. P.; Araujo-Jorge, Tania C.; Henriques-Pons, Andrea

2008-01-01

The role of games within education becomes clearer as students become more active and are able to take decisions, solve problems and react to the results of those decisions. The educational board game "Discovering the Cell" ("Celula Adentro"), is based on problem-solving learning. This investigative game attempts to stimulate…

Stability of RNA and DNA in Bone Marrow Cells, Demonstrated with Tritiated Cytidine and Thymidine; Emploi de la Cytidine et de la Thymidine Tritiees pour Demontrer la Stabilite de l'ARN et l'ADN dans les Cellules de la Moelle Osseuse; 0421 0442 0430 0414 ; Estudio de la Estabilidad de los Acidos Ribonucleico y Desoxirribonucleico de las Celulas de la Medula Osea, Utilizando Citidina y Timidina Tritiadas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bond, V. P.; Feinendegen, L. E.; Cronkite, E. P. [Medical Research Centre, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, Long Island, NY (United States)

1962-02-15

maniere que l'ADN. L'ARN et l'ADN de formation recente ne se diluent dans les cellules qu'a la faveur de la division cellulaire. (author) [Spanish] Los autores han estudiado el metabolismo de los acidos desoxirribonucleico y ribonucleico utilizando timidina tritiada (timidina-{sup 3}H), un precursor especifico del acido desoxirribonucleico, y citidina tritiada (citidina-{sup 3}H), un precursor comun de los acidos ribonucleico y desoxirribonucleico. Empleando citidina-{sup 3}H se determino autorradiograficamente la incorporacion diferencial por celula en los acidos ribonucleico y desoxirribonucleico, asi como en el espacio soluble. La misma determinacion se efectuo empleando metodos autorradiograficos y quimicos en el caso de poblaciones celulares, mediante extraccion diferencial aplicando un tratamiento apropiado con acido perclorico. Los estudios preliminares sobre renovacion realizados en celulas de HeLa con citidina-{sup 3}H pusieron de manifiesto la funcion precursora del acido ribonucleico nuclear respecto del acido ribonucleico citoplasmatico. La conservacion y distribucion del indicador en la fraccion acido ribonucleico es compatible con una mayor estabilidad de las macromoleculas de dicho acido. Asimismo, la incorporacion continua del indicador en la fraccion acido desoxirribonucleico es compatible con la presencia de un precursor de dicho acido en las ultimas fases de la sintesis. Fenomenos analogos se observaron en las celulas no maduras de la medula osea de la tata, estudiadas durante los dias consecutivos a la administracion de citidina-{sup 3}H por via intravenosa. La actividad del tritio en la fraccion soluble en acido y en las fracciones ARN y ADN se evaluo por metodos quimicos y autorradiograficos. Se comprobo que las tres curvas son paralelas desde el dia que sigue al de inyeccion y paralelas asimismo a las curvas de actividad del tritio en el acido desoxirribonucleico, cuando este se marca con timidina- {sup 3}H. La velocidad de disminucion de la

O Prêmio Nobel de Medicina e Fisiologia de 2012 quebrou o paradigma sobre a reversão do genoma e abre portas à Medicina do futuro.

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José Garcia Ribeiro Abreu Júnior

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Este editorial apresenta a revisao cientifica sobre o premio Nobel de Fisiologia e Medicina de 2012 conferido aos pesquisadores Jonh Gurdon e Shynia Yamanaka. No editorial e discutido com se chegou a descoberta sobre a reprogramacao do genoma e seus impactos na medicina do futuro baseada em celulas tronco.

Genitores potenciais para hibridações identificados por divergência genética em feijão carioca Bean parents for hybridization identified by genetic divergence in "carioca" bean

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Nerinéia Dalfollo Ribeiro

2003-06-01

Full Text Available Noventa genótipos de feijão carioca (Phaseolus vulgaris L. foram avaliados, em dois anos agrícolas, em Santa Maria, RS, a fim de definir quais características agromorfológicas constituem-se como melhores descritores, realizar agrupamento em função de dissimilaridade genética e de definir quais combinações híbridas mais promissoras serão obtidas para o desenvolvimento de populações segregantes. Dos 20 caracteres agromorfológicos avaliados, apenas nove (ferrugem nos legumes, acamamento, nota geral, cor do tegumento, rendimento de grãos, massa de 100 sementes, altura de inserção do primeiro legume, altura de inserção do último legume e número de sementes por legume apresentaram maior contribuição para a divergência genética. Os genótipos de feijão carioca foram agrupados pelo método hierárquico de ligação completa. Populações segregantes, com variabilidade genética superior, podem ser obtidas com hibridações entre o genótipo ESAL 550 com genótipos do grupo 2 (LH-6, 17-4-32, R-78, H-4-5 e R-102 e/ou com genótipos do grupo 3 (FT 97-188, Cati-Taquari, CII-328, Carioca Precoce, FT 97-41, LH-11, FT 91-4067, Iapar 31, CI 102, Carioca MG, CII-54 e R-102.Carioca bean genotypes (Phaseolus vulgaris L. were evaluated in two growing seasons in Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. The objectives of this work were to evaluate which morpho-agronomic characteristics were the best descriptors, to group the genotypes in relation to genetic diversity and to determine which hybrid combinations are promissing to obtain higher segregation populations in carioca bean. From the 20 morpho-agronomic characteristics evaluated, only seven (pod rust, lodging, general note, colour of seed tegument, grain yield, 100 seed weight, height of first and final pod insertion and number of seeds per pod showed higher contribution to genetic diversity. The evaluated carioca bean genotypes were clustered by the complete linkage method. The following hybrid

Estudos sobre tuberculose

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A. Fontes

1917-01-01

Full Text Available Assim em resumo pensamos que a hipersensibilidade na infeção tuberculosa é a expressão duma reação celular, autonoma e individual, consequente á agressão brusca e á destruição (dijestão incompleta dos toxicos bacilares (proteinas, globulinas e lipoides, em combinação intima ou isoladamente; a adição aos toxicos bacilares de lipoides diversos (cholesterina, lecitina, esters e principios mal definidos existentes no oleo de figado de bacalhau, atenua a sua função hipersensibilidade porque torna esses toxicos mais facilmente incorporaveis á celula sensivel por adsorpção da substancia toxica ao lipoide. Esses corpos penetram assim no interior das celulas levando comsigo ativadores dos processos enzimaticos que não so favorecem uma elaboração dijestiva mais perfeita como ainda uma melhor produção de anticorpos. O aparecimento de pequenas modalidades reacionarias no decurso duma immunisação ativa contra os antijenos saturados por lipoides mostra a necessidade dum processo de desintegração para que a função toxica se manifeste.

Kleptoplasts photoacclimation state modulates the photobehaviour of the solar-powered sea slug Elysia viridis.

Science.gov (United States)

Cartaxana, Paulo; Morelli, Luca; Quintaneiro, Carla; Calado, Gonçalo; Calado, Ricardo; Cruz, Sónia

2018-04-30

Some sacoglossan sea slugs incorporate intracellular functional algal chloroplasts (kleptoplasty) for periods ranging from a few days to several months. Whether this association modulates the photobehaviour of solar-powered sea slugs is unknown. In this study, the long-term retention species Elysia viridis showed avoidance of dark independently of light acclimation state. On the contrary, Placida dendritica , which shows non-functional retention of kleptoplasts, showed no preference over dark, low or high light. High light acclimated (HL ac ) E. viridis showed a higher preference for high light than low light acclimated (LL ac ) conspecifics. The position of the lateral folds (parapodia) was modulated by irradiance, with increasing light levels leading to a closure of parapodia and protection of kleptoplasts from high light exposure. Furthermore, closure of parapodia occurred at higher irradiances in HL ac E. viridis Our results strongly indicate that kleptoplasts photoacclimation state modulates the photobehaviour of the solar-powered sea slug E. viridis . © 2018. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.

Content and chemical composition of Hyptis marrubioides essential oil in function of seasons

OpenAIRE

Botrel, Priscila Pereira; Pinto, José Eduardo Brasil Pereira; Ferraz, Vany; Bertolucci, Suzan Kelly Vilela; Figueiredo, Felipe Campos

2010-01-01

Os oleos essenciais sao principios odoriferos armazenados em celulas especiais da planta. O oleo essencial no genero Hyptis e usado como anestesico, antiespasmodico, antiinflamatorio e pode induzir aborto em doses elevadas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influencia da sazonalidade no teor e composicao do oleo essencial de Hyptis marrubioides. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos (inverno, primavera, verao e outono) e seis repeticoes, totali...

MENELUSURI IDENTITAS IKAN LELE DUMBO

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Bambang Iswanto

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Lele dumbo merupakan salah satu ikan lele unggul yang budidayanya pernah mengalami perkembangan pesat di Indonesia. Secara umum, ikan lele dumbo dipercaya sebagai ikan lele hibrida hasil hibridisasi antara spesies ikan lele Afrika Clarias gariepinus dengan spesies ikan lele Taiwan C. fuscus. Tetapi, secara morfologis tampaknya ikan lele dumbo tidak berbeda dari strain-strain ikan lele Afrika C. gariepinus yang berikutnya diintroduksi ke Indonesia, sehingga para praktisi perikanan juga menduga bahwa ikan lele dumbo sebenarnya merupakan spesies ikan lele Afrika C. gariepinus. Dengan demikian, identitas ikan lele dumbo tetaplah belum jelas. Hal tersebut dikarenakan belum adanya penelitian yang mengeksplorasi karakteristik ikan lele dumbo secara ilmiah. Makalah ini merupakan ulasan penelusuran identitas ikan lele dumbo berdasarkan publikasi-publikasi yang relevan. Berdasarkan tinjauan terhadap beberapa bukti publikasi dalam ulasan ini, terindikasi bahwa ikan lele dumbo bukanlah ikan lele hibrida hasil hibridisasi antara ikan lele C. gariepinus dengan C. fuscus, tetapi tampaknya lebih merupakan spesies ikan lele Afrika C. gariepinus. Namun demikian, hal tersebut masih merupakan suatu indikasi, sehingga diperlukan penelitian-penelitian lebih lanjut untuk memastikan hal tersebut.

Tritiated Thymidine as Tracer in DNA Metabolism and Cell Dynamics of Experimental Myeloid Leukaemia; Emploi de la Thymidine Tritiee comme Indicateur pour l'Etude du Metabolisme de l'ADN et de la Dynamique des Cellules dans la Leucemie Myeloide Experimentale; 0422 0440 0438 0442 0414 ; Empleo de la Timidina Tritiada como Indicador para Estudiar el Metabolismo del Acido Desoxirribonucleico y la Dinamica Celular en la Leucemia Mieloide Experimental

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zajicek, G.; Rosin, A.; Gross, J. [Department of Experimental Medicine and Cancer Research, Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem (Israel)

1962-02-15

disposent probablement pas d'une quantite suffisante de thymidine dans le liquide ascitique. Les auteurs etudient la dichotomie entre la synthese du complement entier de l'ADN et la division subsequente de la cellule. (author) [Spanish] El tritio se utiliza en Israel como indicador para estudiar una gran variedad de problemas biologicos. Los autores describen en particular los resultados de unas investigaciones en que se ha utilizado timidina tritiada para estudiar la dinamica celular en la leucemia mieloide, inducida con lines experimentales, y analizar el mecanismo de la incorporacion de esa sustancia en el acido desoxirribonucleico de celulas leucemicas y de celulas de tumores asciticos de Ehrlich. Las celulas leucemicas se marcaron in vivo inyectando en la vena yugular de ratas timidina tritiada a razon de 1 {mu}curie/g de peso corporal. Se evaluo la velocidad de aparicion de las celulas marcadas en la sangre de la periferia y en el tumor ascitico de los animales. En otros experimentos se determino la velocidad de dilucion del indicador en los nucleos, lo que permitio calcular el tiempo de duplicacion de la poblacion de mielocitos. La dinamica de las celulas transfundidas se investigo inyectando mielocitos marcados en la vena yugular de ratas normales y leucemicas. Se midio su velocidad de desaparicion de la sangre. Se examinaron varios organos para ver si contenian celulas marcadas y se observo que poco despues de la inyeccion las celulas son principalmente captadas por los pulmones, despues por el bazo y, en menor grado, por el higado. Pasadas 24 h no se pudieron detectar celulas marcadas en ningun organo. De este modo, se obtuvo informacion sobre el comportamiento de los mielocitos leucemicos en distintos organos de animales normales y leucemicos. En experimentos realizados in vitro, se anadio a una suspension celular timidina tritiada en una concentracion de 1 {mu}curie/ml. Durante la marcacion in vitro se comprobo que el numero de celulas marcadas es 40 veces mayor

PEMBUATAN DAN KARAKTERISASI MEMBRAN HIBRIDA KITOSAN-SILIKA- PEG

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F Widhi Mahatmanti

2013-02-01

Full Text Available Membran kitosan mempunyai efektivitas pemisahan relatif tinggi tetapi kestabilan mekanik rendah. Untuk meningkatkan kestabilan perlu ditambahkan silika sehingga dihasilkan membran kitosan-silika. Sebagai bahan dasar silika digunakan natrium silikat yang diisolasi dari abu sekam padi. Dalam pembuatan membran kitosan-silika, plasticizer (polietilen glikol/PEG digunakan untuk meningkatkan kestabilan mekanik membran secara signifikan. Pembuatan membran kitosan-silika-PEG dilakukan dengan cara penguapan larutan dan pencetakan. Membran kitosan-silika-PEG dikarakterisasi sifat mekaniknya dengan menguji kekuatan tarik, persen perpanjangan dan Modulus Young, perubahan gugus fungsi, morfologi, sifat kristalinitas, kestabilan terhadap suhu, sifat hidrofilisitas, dan uji terhadap fluks air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa membran kitosan-silika dengan komposisi kitosan/silika 1:0,8 mempunyai harga kuat tarik optimum. Penambahan PEG akan meningkatkan harga persen perpanjangan, tidak menunjukkan perubahan yang signifikan pada hasil uji FTIR dan XRD, tetapi meningkatkan sifat hidrofil seiring dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi PEG dan pH. Nilai Fluks air menurun dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi PEG, dimungkinkan PEG terjebak secara fisik dalam padatan komposit.

SIFAT FISIS, MEKANIS SERTA KEAWETAN BATANG KELAPA HIBRIDA

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Istie Sekartining Rahayu

2006-04-01

Full Text Available Nowadays, wood industry in Indonesia suffers from lack of wooden raw material because of the demand is greater than the supply. In order to solve this problem, we need to enhance the use of wood by optimalizing the use of wooden raw material wich has a great potensial, but not well used, for example hybride coconut wood. The purpose of this research were to determine physical, mechanical and chemical properties of hybride coconut wood and its vertically and horizontally variation in order to optimalize the use of hybride coconut wood. This research used three hybride coconut steems, the 6 cm disks were extracted from each stem at 1, 4, 7, and 10 m heights. The analyze of vascular bundle and parenchyma consisted of covered area per cm2 and their chemical composition. Hybride coconut wood had a low specific gravity because vascular bundle covered area was lower than parenchyma per cm2 and low wood substance portion. Low specific gravity caused low mechanical properties. Hight moisture content (specially fresh one was cause by sugar and starch extractives which had high hygroscopic ability. These extractives content also caused it to be easily attacked by wood destroying factors. Parenchyma covered area per cm2 caused high sugar and starch content. Height and depth factors were visible influence at almost all basic properties of vascular bundle and parenchyma at different level.

The Use of Tritium-Labelled Thymidine in Studies on the Synthesis of Deoxyribonucleic Acids; Emploi de la Thymidine Tritiee Dans L'etude de la Synthese de l'Acide Desoxyribonucleique; 0418 0441 043f 043e 0414 ; Empleo de Timidina Tritiada para Estudiar la Sintesis de los Acidos Desoxirtibonucleicos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bianchi, P. A.; Crathorn, A. R.; Shooter, K. V. [Chester Beatty Research Institute, Institute of Cancer Research, London (United Kingdom)

1962-02-15

balayage continu. Les deux methodes de mesure ont donne des resultats sensiblement differents. Pour chaque cellule, l'activite due au tritium, calculee d'apres les autoradiographies, a toujours paru superieure a celle de l'ADN isole. En mesurant ensuite a l'aide du compteur a balayage continu l'activite de cellules entieres, apres lavage et homogeneisation, on a obtenu des chiffres qui concordaient avec les resultats de l'autoradiographie. Il semble donc, en l'occurrence, que l'autoradiographie ne permette pas de mesurer de maniere satisfaisante la synthese de l'ADN. On a etudie l'activite associee, autre que celle de l'ADN, et entrepris sur d'autres types de cellules des etudes analogues de l'activite totale due au tritium et de l'activite de l'ADN isole; des effets similaires ont ete observes. A partir de ces donnees, on a pu distinguer plusieurs phases dans le processus de synthese : 1 Degree-Sign incorporation initiale de la thymidine a la cellule; 2 Degree-Sign phosphorylation en deux etapes au moins; 3 Degree-Sign formation d'ADN par polymerisation de la thymidine phosphorylee. Ainsi, on simplifierait a l'exces en supposant que l'incorporation de thymidine a la cellule permette de mesurer la synthese de l'ADN; il semble cependant qu'en utilisant cet indicateur on puisse obtenir des indications utiles sur les etapes preliminaires du processus. (author) [Spanish] En el curso de estudios sobre la biosintesis del acido desoxirribonucleico se han realizado algunos experimentos, utilizando celulas asciticas de Ehrlich, para investigar la fijacion e incorporacion de timidina-{sup 3}H. Despues de incubar in vitro las celulas marcadas con este compuesto, se han tomado autorradiografias de las mismas; tambien se ha aislado el acido desoxirribonucleico y se ha medido la actividad del {sup 3}H utilizando un contador de flujo. Al comparar los dos metodos de medicion, se advierte una marcada discrepancia; la actividad del {sup 3}H por celula, calculada a base de las

PREPARACIÓN ELECTROQUÍMICA DE CAPAS NANOESTRUCTURADAS DE ZnO PARA APLICACIONES FOTOVOLTAICA

OpenAIRE

Moya Forero, Mónica Mercedes

2012-01-01

En esta tesis se centra en el estudio de capas delgadas basadas en óxido de zinc (ZnO) para aplicaciones fotovoltaicas, en concreto células solares sensibilizadas con colorante (DSSC). Se optimizaron los parámetros de crecimiento de estas nanoestructuras hibridas depositadas mediante la técnica de electrodeposición catódica para posteriormente desarrollar un dispositivo eficiente para la conversión de la luz. OBJETIVOS Los objetivos principales de la tesis son: - Establecer las co...

Caracterización de las ?-1,3-glucanosil-transferasas de la familia GH72 implicadas en la remodelación de la pared celular de Schizosaccharomyces pombe

OpenAIRE

Medina Redondo, María de

2008-01-01

La formación de la pared celular de Schizosaccharomyces pombe requiere la actividad coordinada de enzimas involucradas en la biosíntesis y modificación de sus componentes, entre los que destacan por su abundancia los glucanos. El complejo enzimático ?-glucán-sintasa sintetiza ?-1,3-glucanos lineales, que permanecen desorganizados y solubles en álcali hasta que se establecen enlaces covalentes entre los ?-1,3-glucanos y otros componentes de la pared celular. Las transferasas de la pared celula...

Diseño de placas solares e implementación de un transmisor experimental AX.25 para el 3Cat-1

OpenAIRE

Gonzalvez Foguet, Ricard

2016-01-01

Explains the design and construction of two types of solar panels for the 3cat1, one type based on commercial high efficiency multi-junction solar cells and other based in UPC Electronic Engineering Department in-house developed solar cells. Also describes the design and implementation of a microcontroller based experimental transmitter to send data packets to the 3cat1 ground station. Diseño y construcción de dos tipos de paneles solares para el 3cat1, el primero basado en celulas solares...

PENGADILAN HIBRIDA (HYBRID COURT SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PENANGANAN KEJAHATAN INTERNASIONAL

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Arie Siswanto

2016-10-01

Since the end of World War II, the international community witnessed the increasingly serious efforts to deal with the international crimes. Besides the domestic criminal courts and purely international tribunals, the forum that is also recently used to handle international crimes is the hybrid courts that have been established in several places such as in Cambodia, Sierra Leone and Timor-Leste. Hybrid courts are established from different political backgrounds, but as a legal institution, its establishment was necessarily based on legal instruments. This paper identifies that there are three patterns in the formation of hybrid court, which are: the establishment of a hybrid court based on an agreement between the UN and the relevant state, the establishment of a hybrid court by the UN or international administration and the establishment of a hybrid court by a country which later gains greater international support.

Ada in Introductory Computer Science Courses

Science.gov (United States)

1993-01-01

M2 111418111 1111111 I s%1 tems to des elop soaftware Systems for IM5. ONhalt oIf dt ufl’wae mownev b f "bs" arn .exti to k ,ulift la Ada. COMPUT...beftjobamdsodeckldthesespienicngamnug them. A celula 101110011ui systm Service in Ada& using an rmniticdawau dipay shows *I tatus. The systm objweaniiimd...liftt aftr of Fucal Nikkao Wirh. Some say Software i - , I, ced a pse-validaed ver. origina soitweim is coded. The idWa is to that Ads is the las gpat

Dinâmica populacional em populações de abelhas africanizadas (Appis mellifera L.) no nordeste brasileiro

OpenAIRE

Caroline Julio Moretti

2014-01-01

Em sua distribuição autóctone, as abelhas Apis mellifera apresentam diversas diferenciações morfológicas, comportamentais e ecológicas, que as possibilitam habitar os mais variados ambientes, apresentando grande diversidade de subespécies adaptadas a cada região. Com a introdução das abelhas africanas Apis mellifera scutellata no Brasil, em 1956, surgiram populações polí-hibridas denominadas Africanizadas, sendo que essas abelhas se tornaram interessantes para várias atividades econômicas e e...

Eficácia comunicativa do "Product placement" en producciones cinematográficas

OpenAIRE

Rebelo, Rosa Maria Silva

2017-01-01

Este trabalho tem como objeto de estudo o Product Placement. Pretendeu-se analisar a eficácia desta técnica de comunicação hibrida em filmes e avaliar o nível da hierarquia dos efeitos, cognitivos, afetivos e comportamentais, nos espetadores, relativamente a produtos e marcas inseridos nos filmes em estudo. Para o efeito, foram exibidos três filmes da filmografia James Bond, tendo os dados desta investigação resultado da aplicação dos questionários aos sujeitos da amostra,...

Identidade, Turismo e Tradução cultural: Análise da dinâmica dos eventos juninos no Maranhão

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Karoliny Diniz Carvalho

2011-09-01

Full Text Available O artigo analisa a relação entre as festas populares e o segmento turismo cultural, tendo como foco de interesse o São João do Maranhão, destacando os impactos decorrentes da apropriação das manifestações populares tradicionais como bens de consumo turístico. Compreende-se que o turismo contribui como fator de hibridação das culturas, promovendo articulações entre os aspectos considerados tradicionais das manifestações tradicionais e elementos da cultura global.

Similaridade cariotípica entre Barycholos ternetzi e cinco espécies do gênero Eleutherodactylus do Sudoeste do Brasil (Anura, Leptodactylidae, Eleutherodactylinae)

OpenAIRE

Campos, João Reinaldo da Cruz de [UNESP

2006-01-01

Estudos citogenéticos comparativos foram realizados em seis espécies de Eleutherodactylinae, da região Sudeste do Brasil: Barycholos ternetzi, Eleutherodactylus binotatus, E. juipoca, Eleutherodactylus sp., E. guentheri e E. parvus. Foram feitas análises, em alguns casos pela primeira vez, com coloração pelo Giemsa, Ag-RON, banda C, coloração por CMA3 e DAPI e hibridação in situ fluorescente (FISH) com sonda de DNAr. Todas as espécies apresentaram 2n=22 e grande similaridade nos cariótipos co...

Syntenic homology of human unique DNA sequences within chromossome regions 5q31, 10q22, 13q32-33 and 19q13.1 in the great apes

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Rhea U. Vallente-Samonte

2000-09-01

Full Text Available Homologies between chromosome banding patterns and DNA sequences in the great apes and humans suggest an apparent common origin for these two lineages. The availability of DNA probes for specific regions of human chromosomes (5q31, 10q22, 13q32-33 and 19q13.1 led us to cross-hybridize these to chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes, PTR, gorilla (Gorilla gorilla, GGO and orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus, PPY chromosomes in a search for equivalent regions in the great apes. Positive hybridization signals to the chromosome 5q31-specific DNA probe were observed at HSA 5q31, PTR 4q31, GGO 4q31 and PPY 4q31, while fluorescent signals using the chromosome 10q22-specific DNA probe were noted at HSA 10q22, PTR 8q22, GGO 8q22 and PPY 7q22. The chromosome arms showing hybridization signals to the Quint-EssentialTM 13-specific DNA probe were identified as HSA 13q32-33, PTR 14q32-33, GGO 14q32-33 and PPY 14q32-33, while those presenting hybridization signals to the chromosome 19q13.1-specific DNA probe were identified as HSA 19q13.1, PTR 20q13, GGO 20q13 and PPY 20q13. All four probes presumably hybridized to homologous chromosomal locations in the apes, which suggests a homology of certain unique DNA sequences among hominoid species.Homologias entre os padrões de bandamento de cromossomos e seqüências de DNA em grandes macacos e humanos sugerem uma aparente origem comum para estas duas linhagens. A disponibilidade de sondas de DNA para regiões específicas de cromossomos humanos (5q31, 10q22, 13q32-33 e 19q13.1 nos levou a realizar hibridação cruzada com cromossomos de chimpanzé (Pan troglodytes, PTR, gorila (Gorilla gorilla, GGO e orangotango (Pongo pygmaeus, PPY em um pesquisa de regiões equivalentes em grandes macacos. Sinais positivos de hibridação para a sonda de DNA específica para o cromossomo 5q31 foram observados em HSA 5q31, PTR 4q31, GGO 4q31 e PPY 4q31, enquanto que sinais fluorescentes usando a sonda de DNA específica para o cromossomo 10q22 foram

Twelve invertebrate and eight fish species new to the marine fauna of Madeira, and a discussion of the zoogeography of the area

Science.gov (United States)

Wirtz, Peter

1998-06-01

The benthic ctenophore Vallicula multiformis, a large undescribed flatworm species of the genus Pseudoceros, the prosobranch gastropod Tonna maculosa, the opisthobranch gastropods Placida cf. dendritica, Caloria elegans, Aeolidiella sanguinea, Janolus cristatus, the decapod Balssia gasti, the sea urchin Schizaster canaliferus and the tunicates Clavelina lepadiformis, Clavelina dellavallei and Pycnoclavella taureanensis are recorded from Madeira for the first time. This is the first record of a platyctenid ctenophore in the eastern Atlantic. The teleost fishes Pomatoschistus pictus, Vaneaugobius canariensis, Chromogobius sp., Nerophis ophidion, Hippocampus hippocampus, Acanthocybium solandri, Sphyraena viridensis and Sphyraena barracuda are recorded from Madeira for the first time. The presence of the sea-hare Aplysia dactylomela at Madeira is confirmed; the species has increased tremendously in abundance in the last four years. The crocodile fish Grammoplites gruveli can occasionally be found in the mantle cavity of cuttlefish ( Sepia officinalis) sold at the fish market of Funchal, but does not originate from Madeiran waters. An analysis of 100 new records from the coastal fauna of Madeira shows that, while predominantly of lusitanian, mediterranean and mauritanian affinity, Madeira’s shallow water fauna contains a large component of tropical species.

Effects of Monoenergetic Neutron Radiation on Human Cells in Tissue Culture; Effets des Neutrons Monoenergetiques sur des Cellules de Tissus Humains en Culture; Dejstvie oblucheniya monoehnergeticheskimi nejtronami na kletki kul'tury tkanej cheloveka; Efectos de la Radiacion Neutronica Monoenergetica sobre las Celulas Humanas en Cultivos de Tejidos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Broerse, J. J.; Barendsen, G. W. [Radiobiological Institute of the Organization for Health Research TNO, Rijswijk (Z.H.) (Netherlands)

1964-03-15

avait lieu dans des bottes de culture a fond mince en Melinex et dans de petits tubes flexibles en nylon et en caoutchouc au silicium. Les auteurs ont determine les flux de neutrons en mesurant l'activation de pastilles de soufre placees, selon les cas, entre les boftes ou entre les tubes. Ils examinent les divers problemes que pose le calcul de la dose d' apres le flux de neutrons. Comme il n'y a pas equilibre du rayonnement autour des cellules, ils analysent les inexactitudes qui en resultent dans les determinations de la dose. Le memoire donne les courbes dose-survie pour les neutrons des deux types. Pour les neutrons de 3 MeV, on a trouve une EBR allant de 6, 5 dans le cas de faibles doses a 3,1 dans le cas de doses elevees; pour les neutrons de 15 MeV, l 'EBR variait de 1,9 a 1,6. En comparant ces valeurs de l'EBR avec le rapport EBR-TLE obtenu au cours d'experiences precedentes avec des deuterons et des particules alpha, on peut calculer le TLE effectif pour les neutrons utilises. Pour resoudre certains problemes relatifs a la mort des animaux d'experience apres exposition aux rayons X ou aux neutrons, les auteurs ont mis au point une technique permettant d'utiliser les cellules contenues dans de petits tubes pour mesurer la dose effective (c'est-a-dire la dose corrigee en fonction de l'EBR) en des points interessants dans des fantomes ou des animaux. (author) [Spanish] Los autores presentan relaciones entre dosis y efecto comprobadas en el estudio de la inhibicion de la formacion de clonos en cultivos de tejido renal humano despues de la irradiacion con neutrones monoenergeticos de unos 3 MeV y unos 15 MeV, respectivamente. Para los neutrones de 3 MeV, la intensidad de dosis fue de 0,2 rad/min, mientras que para los neutrones de 15 MeV, se alcanzaron intensidades de dosis de 2,7 rad/min y 12 rad/min. Las celulas se irradiaron en capsulas de cultivo con fondo delgado de Melinex y en tubos finos flexibles de nylon y de caucho de silicona. Los flujos neutronicos se

Gestão organizacional sob a lógica da competência: aplicação na pequena empresa.

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Mariana Musetti Munck

2008-02-01

Full Text Available Este estudo, sustentado nas premissas teoricas do modelo de gestão por competencias, objetiva explorar, descrever e mudar a sistematica de execução das atividades de uma pequena empresa de consultoria. Orientando-se por autores que propoem a operacionalização do conceito de competencias nas organizacões, construiram-se quadros de referencias para as celulas da organização de modo que houvesse mais transparencia e consistencia nas ações de gestão, e isso representa um grave problema das pequenas empresas. Os quadros são compostos de atributos como missão, atribuições, contribuições, indicadores de resultados e competencias, todos definidos com base nas estrategias e nos objetivos almejados pela organização. Ante a proposta de não apenas explorar e descrever, mas tambem de mudar, o estudo utilizou como orientação metodologica a pesquisa-ação. Esse metodo não se limita apenas a descrever uma situação, mas tambem pretende desencadear, em certos casos, mudancas no seio da coletividade envolvida. O proprio processo de busca e os resultados alcancados demonstraram, a principio, que a estruturação de uma empresa por competencias gera turbulencias iniciais, principalmente pela radicalidade da mudança (neste caso e pelas particularidades do conceito. A nova estrutura tem provocado mudanças culturais, sobretudo na açao dos gestores que tem agora informações claras sobre as atribuições e exigencias cabiveis a cada celula, bem como de seus respectivos indicadores de desempenho.

Melhoramento do cafeeiro: XLII. Produtividade de progênies derivadas de hibridação dos cultivares Laurina e Mundo Novo Coffee breeding: XLII. Yield of progenies from crosses of Laurina and Mundo Novo cultivars of Coffea arabica L.

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Alcides Carvalho

1988-01-01

Full Text Available O cultivar Laurina de Coffea arabica L. caracteriza-se pelo pequeno porte, folhas de dimensões reduzidas, frutos afilados na base, sementes pequenas e afiladas, pequeno rendimento e reduzida produção. Apresenta, no entanto, bebida de boa qualidade e baixo teor de cafeína nas sementes. Suas principais características são controladas pela ação de um par de alelos recessivos lrlr, de acentuado efeito pleiotrópico. Devido ao atual interesse do comércio por produto de baixo teor de cafeína, iniciaram-se pesquisas tendo em vista principalmente aumentar a produtividade do 'Laurina'. Para esse fim, realizaram-se numerosas hibridações de cafeeiros do 'Laurina' com os do 'Mundo Novo' (Coffea arabica e, posteriormente, retrocruzamentos com o 'Mundo Novo'. Estudaram-se as progênies F2 e retrocruzamentos com o 'Mundo Novo' (RC em Campinas, em um experimento, anotando-se as produções por oito anos consecutivos. Separaram-se algumas progênies F2 em dois grupos, antes do plantio: normais (LrLr,Lrlr e laurina (Irlr. Como testemunhas, usaram-se progênies do 'Mundo Novo' e 'Catuaí Amarelo' de C. arabica. O conjunto de plantas F2 do grupo laurina e os retrocruzamentos tiveram produção média maior do que as plantas F2 normais, porém menor do que as testemunhas. Alguns retrocruzamentos e progênies F2 apresentaram plantas com razoável produtividade, indicando que, através de retrocruzamentos com o 'Mundo Novo', podem-se obter novos tipos comerciais com as características morfológicas do 'Laurina'. Fizeram-se considerações sobre a melhor capacidade de combinação do 'Laurina' com algumas seleções do 'Mundo Novo'.The Laurina cultivars of Coffea arabica L. has a reduced plant size, small leaves, small and pointed seeds and low yield capacity. However the seeds have a good cup quality and the desirable characteristic of low caffeine content The Laurina phenotype is supposed to be controlled by a pair of recessive alleles lrlr, with

Melhoramento genético da bananeira: estratégias e tecnologias disponíveis

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Sebastião de Oliveira e Silva

2013-09-01

Full Text Available A banana cultivada 107 países, em uma área de 4,1 milhões de hectares e produção de 95 milhões de toneladas, é segunda fruta mais produzida do mundo. A bananeira é atacada por vírus (CMV e BSV, fungos (Sigatoka amarela e negra, mal-do-Panamá, bactéria (Moko, nematoide e insetos (Broca do rizoma. No entanto, por meio do melhoramento genético é possível obter resistência a maioria das pragas e doenças. O centro de origem de grande parte do germoplasma de Musa spp. é o Continente Asiático, onde são encontradas bananeiras diploides, triploides tetraploides, com genomas de Musa acuminta e M. balbisiana. No melhoramento de banana, feito principalmente para resistência às doenças, são usados os seguintes métodos: introdução e seleção de clones; hibridação (cruzamentos de diploides com diploides, triploides com diploides e diploides com tetraploides; duplicação de cromossomos; mutação e transgenia. Os métodos que envolvem hibridação, embora sejam os mais usados, apresentam limitações como a partenocarpia, a esterilidade; o número variável de ploidia e a baixa produção de sementes. Todo material produzido no programa, é depois avaliado nas regiões produtoras de banana. Atualmente novas técnicas de melhoramento, baseadas em informações genéticas de Musa spp. estão sendo incrementadas.

Prenatal irradiation: radioinduced apoptosis in developing central nervous system; Irradiacion prenatal: apoptosis radioinducida en el sistema nervioso central en desarrollo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gisone, P; Dubner, D; Michelin, S; Perez, M R [Autoridad Regulatoria Nuclear, Buenos Aires (Argentina); Barboza, M [Hospital de Clinicas Jose de San Martin, Buenos Aires (Argentina)

1998-07-01

produccion de apoptosis en un modelo experimental de irradiacion prenatal. Se irradiaron cultivos primarios de cerebro (rata Wistar, dia 15 de e.g.), en un rango de dosis hasta 2 Gy (Cobalto 60). Se evaluo la respuesta a la incubacion con distintos neuroprotectores. Se estudiaron los siguientes parametros: alteraciones de la morfologia celular, fragmentacion de cromatina y fraccion de celulas apoptoticas. Las celulas irradiadas mostraron condensacion nuclear con presencia de cuerpos apoptoticos. Las corridas electroforeticas evidenciaron un patron de fragmentacion caracteristico ('laddering') con aumento dosis-dependiente en la fraccion de celulas apoptoticas analizadas por citometria de flujo. La incubacion con neuroprotectores no indujo cambios significativos en las concentraciones y los tiempos ensayados. Se analizan los resultados obtenidos. Se discute acerca del rol de la apoptosis, su relacion con la injuria oxidativa y los fenomenos de excitotoxicidad como mecanismo de danio radioinducido en el sistema nervioso central en desarrollo. (autor)

Divergência genética entre acessos e cultivares de mamoneira por meio de estatística multivariada Genetic divergence on castor bean accesses and cultivars through multivariate analysis

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Mauro Nóbrega da Costa

2006-11-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a divergência genética entre acessos e cultivares de mamoneira (Ricinus communis L. e utilizá-la como critério na escolha de genitores que viabilizem, a partir de hibridações, a formação de populações segregantes. Os tratamentos foram representados pelos acessos BRA 4871, BRA 2968, BRA 5550 e BRA 7722 Papo-de-gia, e as cultivares BRS 188 Paraguaçu, BRS 149 Nordestina, IAC-80, Mirante-10 e Pernambucana Melhorada. As características analisadas foram: início do florescimento (FR, número de racemos por planta (NRP, comprimento efetivo do racemo primário (CR, altura de planta (AP, potencial produtivo (PP e teor de óleo nas sementes (TO. A divergência genética foi estimada por meio de estatística multivariada, com base em variáveis canônicas e análise de agrupamento, tendo-se empregado a distância euclidiana média. Houve a formação de dois grupos: o grupo I formado por oito genótipos e o grupo II por apenas um genótipo, a cultivar Mirante-10. Apesar de a cultivar Mirante-10 ter sido a mais divergente, não deve ser recomendada para hibridação, por sua baixa média de desempenho. As demais cultivares também apresentam restrições para hibridação, por serem bastante similares. As variáveis que mais contribuíram para a divergência genética foram FR, AP, TO e CR.This work aimed to evaluate genetic divergence among castor bean (Ricinus communis L. cultivars, in order to enable the choice of parents which make the formation of segregating populations possible. Accesses BRA 4871, BRA 2968, BRA 5550 and BRA 7722 Papo-de-gia, and cultivars BRS 188 Paraguaçu, BRS 149 Nordestina, IAC-80, Mirante-10 and Pernambucana Melhorada were evaluated. Characteristics analyzed were: days to flowering, number of racemes per plant, length of pistillate region of main raceme, plant height, potential yield, and seed oil content. The genetic divergence among accesses and cultivars was studied by

Stem Cells and Cancer; Celulas madre y cancer

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Segrelles, C.; Paraminio, J. M.; Lorz, C.

2014-04-01

Stem cell research has thrived over the last years due to their therapeutic and regenerative potential. Scientific breakthroughs in the field are immediately translated from the scientific journals to the mass media, which is not surprising as the characterisation of the molecular mechanisms that regulate the biology of stem cells is crucial for the treatment of degenerative and cardiovascular diseases, as well as cancer. In the Molecular Oncology Unit at Ciemat we work to unravel the role of cancer stem cells in tumour development, and to find new antitumor therapies. (Author)

A hibridação interespecífica no melhoramento do cafeeiro

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A. J. Teixeira Mendes

1951-12-01

Full Text Available The cultivation of coffee in the American coffee producing countries is not faced with any serious handicap. The future can not be far distant, however, when it will be necessary to establish new plantations back on the high-priced old exploited lands. Need will be felt for improved varieties. At the same time, it is not known if in a near future the American coffee growers will not be in trouble with diseases as terrible as Hemileia, which the present age of transport cannot restrict to non-American areas. In the program of coffee improvement, interspecific crosses are expected to take a very important place. The introducing of desired characteristics of other species into Coffea arabica by hybridization is made difficult by the fact that, while C. arabica is self-fertile, the other species are self-sterile. It is known, also, that the high cup quality C. arabica species, with 44 somatic chromosomes, gives sterile triploid hybrids (2n = 33 when crossed to the leaf disease resistant Coffea canephora and other diploid (2n = 22 species. Very seldom, however, do the triploids produce seed, as a result of back-cross to C. arabica either through open or controlled pollination. The cytological constitution of the plants obtained from these seeds is variable ; some triploids give rise to seedlings having mostly a chromosome number around 44 ; the progeny plants from other hybrids have this number mostly around 55. Numerous aneuploids have been found among these progenies. Attention has been given to the plants derived from the hybrids as to their developmental and production characteristics. At least two 44-chromosome plants have shown to be interesting in these respects and one of them, productive and self-fertile, showed up characteristics very similar to the maragogipe variety of C. arabica. More detailed comparative observations are necessary ; however, the obtaining of such a plant proves that the triploids are a permanent source of new cytological combinations that can be used in the future in the search for new vigourous and disease resistant coffee plants with high cup quality.

Pengaruh ekstrak daun kersen terhadap daya tetas dan mortalitas telur itik hibrida

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Fatikhatul Huda Alkhakim

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Duck was one of animal protein resources which still has a low hatchability rate. There were Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella sp.bacteria on hatch egg that can influence mortality of embryos. The objective of the research was to investigate the potential of Muntingia calabura leaf extract as natural antibacteria on the hatchability and embryos mortality of duck’s egg. The research method was field experiment by completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications: P0 (without treatment, A0 (chemical antibacteria, P1(10% of Muntingia calabura leaf extract, P2 (20% of Muntingia calabura leaf extract and P3 (30% of Muntingia calabura leaf extract. These research used four hundred eggs and semi automatical machine for 28 days. Data were analyzed using one–way Anova. The results showed that Muntingia calabura leaf extract has a very significant effect (P<0,01 on hatchability and embryos mortality. The best treatment was found on 20% of Muntingiacalabura leaf extract which increased 12,01% ofhatchability and decreased 43,42% of mortality rate. Keywords: Muntingia calabura, antibacteria, hatchability, embryos mortality

Biomass gasification and fuel cells: system with PEM fuel cell; Gaseificacao de biomassa e celula a combustivel: sistema com celula tipo PEMFC

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sordi, Alexandre; Lobkov, Dmitri D.; Lopes, Daniel Gabriel; Rodrigues, Jean Robert Pereira [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP (Brazil). Fac. de Engenharia Mecanica], e-mail: asordi@fem.unicamp.br, e-mail: lobkov@fem.unicamp.br, e-mail: danielg@fem.unicamp.br, e-mail: jrobert@fem.unicamp.br; Silva, Ennio Peres da [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP (Brazil). Inst. de Fisica Gleb Wataghin], e-mail: Lh2ennio@ifi.unicamp.br

2006-07-01

The objective of this paper is to present the operation flow diagram of an electricity generation system based on the biomass integrated gasification fuel cell of the type PEMFC (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell). The integration between the gasification and a fuel cell of this type consists of the gas methane (CH4) reforming contained in the synthesis gas, the conversion of the carbon monoxide (CO), and the cleaning of the gaseous flow through a PSA (Pressure Swing Adsorption) system. A preliminary analysis was carried out to estimate the efficiency of the system with and without methane gas reforming. The performance was also analyzed for different gasification gas compositions, for larger molar fractions of hydrogen and methane. The system electrical efficiency was 29% respective to the lower heating value of the gasification gas. The larger the molar fraction of hydrogen at the shift reactor exit, the better the PSA exergetic performance. Comparative analysis with small gas turbines exhibited the superiority of the PEMFC system. (author)

Cell death induced by tamoxifen in human blood lymphocytes cultivated in vitro = Morte celular induzida pelo tamoxifeno em linfócitos humanos cultivados in vitro

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Selma Candelária Genari

2010-10-01

Full Text Available Many chemotherapeutic agents with a potential against solid tumors or leukemia can cause lymphopenia. Tamoxifen (TAM is a synthetic non-steroidal anti-estrogen drug employed in female breast cancer treatment. The present study investigated the capacity of TAM to induce cell death in human lymphocytes cultivated in vitro. Lymphocytes were obtained from young (25-30 years; n = 3 and elderly women (58-77 years; n = 3 and cultivated for 24 or 48h, with or without TAM (20 ƒÊM. After the culture, cell viability, immunocytochemical response and ultrastructure were evaluated. TAM affected lymphocytes in a time- dependent manner, and cells obtained from elderly women were the most sensitive to TAM. Immunocytochemicalanalysis evidenced higher frequency of apoptosis in treated cells, and the ultrastructural study revealed autophagic vacuoles, differing from the controls. In summary, the treated lymphocytes were affected by TAM, leading to cell death by apoptosis and autophagy.Muitos agentes quimioterapicos com potencial contra tumores solidos ou leucemias podem causar linfopenia. O Tamoxifeno (TAM e um agente antiestrogeno nao-esteroidal empregado no tratamento de cancer de mama feminino. O presente trabalho investigou a capacidade do TAM em induzir morte celular em linfocitos humanos cultivados in vitro. Oslinfocitos foram obtidos de mulheres jovens (25-30 anos; n = 3 e idosas (58-77 anos; n = 3 e cultivados por 24 ou 48h, com ou sem TAM (20 ƒÊM. Apos a cultura, foram analisadas a viabilidade celular, a resposta imunocitoquimica e a ultraestrutura. Os resultados indicam que o Tamoxifeno induziu morte celular em linfocitos de ambos os grupos, entretanto, as celulas das mulheres idosas apresentaram-se mais sensiveis ao tratamento. A analise imunocitoquimica mostrou maior frequencia de apoptose nas celulas tratadas e o estudo ultraestrutural revelou vacuolos autofagicos nos linfocitos expostos ao Tamoxifeno. Em conclusao, nosso estudo revelou que o TAM

Análise cromossômica e molecular do javali europeu Sus scrofa scrofa e do suíno doméstico Sus scrofa domesticus

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Danilo Lucano Gimenez

2003-01-01

Full Text Available A presente investigação teve como objetivos: analisar animais presentes em diferentes criações de javalis no estado de São Paulo, com o intuito de auxiliar a identificação de javalis "puros" assim como javalis híbridos provenientes do cruzamento com o suíno doméstico, para tanto foram utilizadas avaliação do fenótipo dos animais, análises citogenéticas e da técnica molecular de RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA.O estudo do número de cromossomos nas células diplóides em 104 animais destinados a análise citogenética e fenotípica, revelou polimorfismo de 2n=36, 37 e 38 cromossomos. Por meio da técnica de bandamento GTG foi possível identificação da translocação Robertsoniana entre os cromossomos 15 e 17 como responsável por esse polimorfismo. Todavia, somente com a análise citogenética isolada, não foi possível determinar se a origem desse polimorfismo é decorrente das hibridações com o suíno doméstico ou se são características inerentes ao javali. Contudo, quando associado a análise citogenética com as características fenotípicas, foi possível identificar a existência de hibridações. A análise citogenética nos animais submetidos a técnica de RAPD, revelou 2n=36 cromossomos nos 16 javalis assim como 2n=38 cromossomos nos 11 suínos e, por meio dessa técnica, foram possíveis agrupamentos, separando o suíno doméstico, javali e um possível híbrido revelando-se uma técnica com potencial no auxílio da identificação de híbridos.

Editorial

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Luis Rabelo

2017-05-01

Full Text Available A medida que vemos hacia el futuro, el ritmo del desarrollo tecnológico es impresionante. Las oportunidades para nuevas investigaciones que contribuyan a expandir el conocimiento son abundantes. Las tendencias tecnológicas más recientes giran alrededor de varios conceptos, tales como big data, analítica avanzada, “internet de las cosas”, optimización en tiempo real, simulación hibrida e ingeniería basada en modelos. La ingeniería industrial está tomando un rol muy importante, y también puede beneficiarse en gran medida con estas tendencias, que siguen desarrollándose. Hay varias tendencias en la ingeniería industrial que nos han llamado la atención y que ya están impactando en estos momentos.

Análisis de la detección de colisiones en un entorno virtual para aplicaciones hápticas de asistencia quirúrgica

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María Luisa Pinto Salamanca

2011-01-01

Con base en los resultados de algunos trabajos relacionados con la obtención, procesamiento y análisis de imágenes para la construcción de modelos, se desarrollan aplicaciones hápticas de interacción con sólidos rígidos de interés médico, que incluyen herramientas para la marcación de puntos y trayectorias sobre una superficie, y un algoritmo de reflexión de fuerzas para la simulación de interacción con órganos modelados por medio de técnicas hibridas (renderizado superficial y volumétrico. Se hace especial énfasis en la representación de los instrumentos virtuales quirúrgicos, integrando herramientas con geometría 3D.

PERFORMA IKAN PATIN HIBRIDA PASUPATI (PANGASIID DARI INDUK TERSELEKSI PADA SISTEM BUDIDAYA BERBEDA

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Evi Tahapari

2016-11-01

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji performa ikan patin Pasupati II pada segmen pembesaran yang dilakukan di kolam air tenang (KAT berukuran 50 m2, dan di jaring (berukuran 5 m x 3 m x 1,5 m yang dipasang di tambak air payau (TAP, salinitas < 10 ppt. Ikan uji yang digunakan adalah ikan patin Pasupati II, Pasupati I, dan patin Siam F-1 dengan bobot awal di KAT 11,1-16,1 g/ekor, dan di TAP 21,3-32,5 g/ekor. Sebanyak dua KAT, dan dua jaring di TAP digunakan untuk setiap kelompok ikan. Parameter yang diamati meliputi: pertambahan bobot dan panjang harian, konversi pakan, sintasan, kualitas air pemeliharaan, dan konsentrasi hormon Insuline-like Growth Factor (IGF-I pada plasma darah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa performa ikan patin Siam F-1 pada parameter pertambahan bobot memberikan yang terbaik (P<0,05 dibandingkan patin Pasupati I dan II yang dipelihara di KAT dan di TAP. Kemudian performa pertambahan bobot ikan patin Pasupati II lebih baik (P<0,05 daripada patin Pasupati I yang dipelihara di TAP. Hasil analisis ELISA pada beberapa ikan uji yang dipelihara di KAT menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi hormon IGF- 1 tertinggi terdapat pada ikan patin siam F-1 (4,48 ± 0,81 ng/mL, kemudian diikuti oleh patin Pasupati II (3,96 ± 0,51 ng/mL; dan terendah pada ikan patin Pasupati I (3,93 ± 0,54 ng/mL. Jika dicermati dari data pertumbuhan dan konsentrasi hormon IGF-1 ikan uji ternyata terdapat korelasi yang positif antara pertumbuhan ikan dengan konsentrasi hormon IGF-1, semakin tinggi tingkat pertumbuhan ikan maka semakin tinggi konsentrasi hormon IGF-1 pada ikan uji. In thenursery, Pasupati II catfish hybrid of female Siamese catfish and male Jambal catfish showed the best performance compared to Pasupati I catfish and Siam catfish F-1 generation. The aim of this study was to test performance of Pasupati II on grow out segment in freshwater pond (KAT measure 50 m2 and in net cage (measure 3 m x 5 m x 1.5 m which settled in brackishwater pond (TAP, salinity < 10 ppt. The fish that used were Pasupati II, Pasupati I, and Siam catfish F-1 with body weight of 11.1-16.1 g/fish in KAT, and 21.3-32.5 g/fish in TAP. A total of two KAT, and two TAP were used for each group of fish. Parameters observed were included daily body weight and length, feed conversion ratio (FCR, survival rate, water quality, and concentration of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1 hormone on plasma. The results showed that the performance of Siamese catfish F-1 growth parameters give the best weight gain (P<0.05 than catfish Pasupati I and II were maintained at KAT and TAP. Then the weight gain performance catfish Pasupati II was better (P<0.05 than that of catfish Pasupati I reared in TAP. Results of ELISA analysis on some of the fish that are reared in the KAT were showed that the concentration of the hormone IGF-1 was highest in F-1 Siamese catfish (4.48 ± 0.81 ng/mL, followed by Pasupati catfish II (3.96 ± 0.51 ng/mL and the lowest in the Pasupati catfish I (3.93 ± 0.54 ng/mL. When the data of growth and IGF-1 hormone concentrations in the tested fish was examined there was a positive correlation, the higher the growth rate of the fish followed the higher concentration of the IGF-1 hormone in the test fish.

PERAKITAN VARIETAS HIBRIDA JAGUNG MANIS BERDAYA HASIL TINGGI DAN TAHAN TERHADAP PENYAKIT BULAI

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Sriani Sujiprihati

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Sweet corn is a result of recessive mutation which occurs naturally in gene that controls the conversion of sugar into starch in corn seed endosperm. There are 3 main genes that affect corn sweetness, namely sugary gene (su, sugary enhancer gene (se, and shrunken gene (sh2. This study aims to obtain a general combining ability value for the sweet corn lines, which will be the parent in diallel crosses; obtain the information of general combining ability, specific combining ability, and heterosis value for sweet corn lines; and obtain one or more promising single cross hybrids that will be potential for high yield and resistance to downy mildew disease. The study was conducted from April 2009 until November 2011 at the Experimental Field Centre for Cereal Plant Study (BALITSEREAL, Maros, South Sulawesi. The results showed that five genotypes had moderately high yield: Mr4/SC/BC4-3-1B, Mr14/SC/BC4-6-1B, Mr11/SC/BC4-3-1B, Mr14/SC/BC3-8-1B, and Mr12/SC/BC4-6-1B. The attack level of downy mildew that was classified as resistant has 0 to 7% rate. The combination of crosses that produce better productivity than all the varieties are: C × A (Mr11/SC/BC4-2-1B-1 × Mr12/SC/BC4-5-B-1, A × D (Mr12/SC/BC4-5-B-1 × Mr11/SC/BC4-2-1B-1, E × B (Mr12/SC/BC3-3-1B -1 × Mr14/SC/BC4-6-1B-1, and B × D (Mr11/SC/BC4-2-1B-1 × Mr14/SC/BC4-6-1B-1 . Five hybrids can be continued for the preliminary testing of yields. Twelve candidate varieties do not have yield different than the checked varieties, so it can proceed to a multilocation trials to explore the advantages that can be released as new varieties.

The Treatment of Cancer by a Radioactive Drug: Tritium-Labelled Tetra-Sodium 2-Methyl-1:4-Naphthaquinol Diphosphate; Traitement du Cancer par un Remede Radioactif: Le Diphosphate Tetrasodique de Methyl-2 Naphtoquinone-1,4 Tritie; 041b 0435 0447 0435 043d 0414 ; Tratamiento del Cancer con la Sal Tetrasodica del Acido 2-Metil-1,4-Naftoquinon Difosforico Marcada con Tritio

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Marrian, D. H.; Marshall, Barbara; Mitchell, J. S.; Simon-Reuss, I. [Department of Radiotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge (United Kingdom)

1962-02-15

tetrasodica del acido 2-metil-l,4-naftoquinon-difosforico (''Synkavit'' Roche), asi como algunos de los metodos que se han empleado para marcar este y otros compuestos analogos. Sintetizaron el compuesto tritiado en forma de obtener una substancia radioquimicamente pura de 28 c/mmol (1 atomo de tritio por molecula) de actividad especifica. Demuestran que este producto penetra muy rapidamente en las celulas vivas, tanto in vivo como in vitro y que, en igualdad de condiciones los cultivos de celulas malignas incorporan en grado mucho mayor el compuesto marcado que los cultivos de celulas normales. Describen las investigaciones preliminares del empleo clinico de ese producto en casos avanzados de tumores malignos que suelen ser refractarios a otros tratamientos, observandose que la medula osea absorbe menor cantidad del compuesto que el tumor (en algunas ocasiones, hasta cinco veces menos). (author) [Russian] Dejstvie tetrasoda - 2-metil-1: 4- naftagidrohinondifosfata (Sinkavit - proizvodstvo Roshe) v kachestve radio- senitajzera obsuzhdaetsja narjadu s bolee rannimi metodami mechenija jetih i podob- nyh molekul. Sintez jetogo soedinenija, mechennogo tritiem, byl sdelan dlja togo, chtoby polu- chit' radiohimicheskoe chistoe lekarstvo s udel'noj aktivnost'ju v 28 kjuri/mil- limol' (odin atom tritija na molekulu). Budet pokazano, chto jeto soedinenie bystro vhodit v zhivuju kletku kak v este- stvennyh, tak i i laboratornyh uslovijah i chto kul'tury zlokachestvennyh kletok pogloshhajut mechenye atomy v gorazdo bol'shem ob{sup e}me, chem kul'tury normal'nyh kletok pri teh zhe uslovijah. Budut opisany predvaritel'nye issledovanija primenenija jetogo lekarstva na pacientah, imejushhih zlokachestvennye opuholi i nahodjashhihsja v tjazhelom ili neizlechimom sostojanii; usvoenie kostnym na kojefficient 5 mozgom nizhe, chem usvoenie opuhol'ju. (author)

Magnetic nanoparticles for cancer therapy; Nanoparticulas magneticas para o tratamento do cancer

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Bakuzis, Andris F. [Universidade Federal de Goias (UFG), Goiania, GO (Brazil). Instituto de Fisica

2014-07-01

Full text: Magnetic nanoparticles have been used in several biomedical applications, spanning from cell separation, early diagnosis of metastasis to even the treatment of cancer via magnetic hyperthermia (MH). This last technique consists in the increase of temperature of nanoparticles when their magnetic moments interact with a magnetic alternating field. This effect has been suggested as an innovative therapy to cancer treatment, due to the delivery of heat or therapeutic agents, such as drugs, genes, and others. In addition, several clinical studies has demonstrated synergetic effects between hyperthermia and radiotherapy [1]. This indicates a great therapeutic potential for this noninvasive and targeted technique. In this talk we will discuss results from the literature and from our own group in the treatment of cancer via magnetic hyperthermia. Several types of magnetic nanoparticles suggested for this application will be discussed, as well as the historical evolution of this procedure, which although suggested in the late 50' only recently was approved in Europe for treatment of humans with brain tumors. (author) [Portuguese] Full text: Nanoparticulas magneticas tem sido utilizadas em diversas aplicacoes biomedicas, desde a separacao de celulas, marcacao de celulas-tronco, diagnostico precoce de metastases ao tratamento do cancer via hipertermia magnetica (HM). Esta ultima tecnica consiste no aumento da temperatura de nanoparticulas quando seus momentos magneticos interagem de forma adequada com um campo magnetico alternado. Este efeito tem sido idealizado como uma nova terapia para o tratamento do cancro, seja via entrega seletiva de calor ou mesmo pela liberacao de farmacos, genes ou outros agentes terapeuticos por meio desta acao externa. Adicionalmente, diversos estudos clinicos tem demonstrado efeitos sinergicos entre a hipertermia e tecnicas tradicionais de tratamento oncologico, como quimioterapia e radioterapia. Isto indica um forte potencial

Oncogenes, radiation and cancer; Oncogenes, radiacion y cancer

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Michelin, S C

1999-12-31

The discovery of the oncogenic virus and the analysis of its nucleic acid, together with the development of new biochemical technology have permitted the partial knowledge of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the cellular neoplastic transformation. This work, besides describing the discovery of the first oncogenic virus and the experiments to demonstrate the existence of the oncogenes, summarizes its activation mechanisms and its intervention in cellular metabolisms. Ionizing radiation is among the external agents that induce the neoplastic process. Its participation in the genesis of this process and the contribution of oncogenes to the cellular radioresistance are among the topics, which are referred to another topic that makes reference. At the same time as the advancement of theoretical knowledge, lines of investigation for the application of the new concepts in diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutical treatment, were developed. An example of this, is the study of the participation of the oncogen c-erbB-2 in human breast cancer and its implications on the anti tumoral therapy. (author) 87 refs., 7 figs., 3 tabs. [Espanol] El descubrimiento de los virus oncogenicos y el analisis de su acido nucleico, junto con el desarrollo de nuevas tecnicas bioquimicas, ha permitido conocer parcialmente los mecanismos moleculares responsables de la transformacion de una celula normal en neoplasica. En este trabajo, ademas de describir el descubrimiento de los primeros virus oncogenicos y las experiencias para demostrar la existencia de los oncogenes, se resumen sus mecanismos de activacion y su intervencion en el metabolismo celular. Entre los agentes expernos que inducen un proceso oncogenico, se encuentran las radiaciones ionizantes. Su participacion en la genesis de este proceso y la contribucion de los oncogenes a la radioresistencia de las celulas tumorales, es otro de los temas a que se hace referencia. Paralelamente al avance del conocimiento teorico, se

Hybrid repowering of transformers using aramids; Repotenciacao hibrida de transformadores com utilizacao de aramida

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Neri Junior, Almir Laranjeira; Correia, Fidelis Botelho [Petroleo Brasileiro S.A. (PETROBRAS), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2010-01-15

Santiago substation of the PETROBRAS, operated with two transformers fabricated in 1971. To preserve the reliability of power supply, it was relaborated a reformation and repowering project of the equipment using aramids, a special polymeric material. This paper describes the phases of the project, and presents the benefits obtained, and also the characteristics of the electric system of the production unit. (author)

Efikasi Chitosan untuk Memperpanjang Flower Longevity Bunga Anggrek Dendrobium Hibrida dalam Pot (Potted Flower

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I MADE SUKEWIJAYA

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Effication of Chitosan on Lengthening The Flower Longevity of Potted Orchid ofDendrobium Hybrid. The aim of the current research is to investigate general effects of Chitosantreatment on the flowering of Dendrobium orchid and to find out the optimum concentration of Chitosanin lengthening flower longevity of potted orchid of Dendrobium hybrid. Results of the research showedthat Chitosan application significantly affected variables of the number of flower per-plant, the length ofindividual flower, period of time to get full blooming, and the flower longevity. The best results for thoseof variables was achieved with Chitosan concentration of 0.15%.

Neuropatía Endémica Crónica Asociada con Virus Humano Linfotrófico

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Jaime G. Gómez

1990-04-01

Full Text Available

Diagnóstico y Tratamiento de la Neuropatía Endémica Crónica Asociada con Virus Humano Linfotrófico de Células T, Tipo I (HTLV-l

El propósito del presente artículo es haccr una breve revisión del estado actual de la Neuropatía endémica crónica asociada con el Virus Humano Linfotrópico de Celulas T-tipo L conocido por la sigla inglesa HTLV-I y presentar el primer caso tratado con éxito. logrando posiblemente la curación de la enfermedad.

La Neuropatía endémica asociada con el Virus Humano Linfotrópico de Celulas T-tipo 1, (NEC-HTL V-1 es una enfermedad lentamente progresiva caracterizada por debilidad de las extremidades inferiores, trastornos de los esfínteres, alteraciones subjetivas de la sensibilidad, asociadas con la presencia de anticuerpos contra el HTL V-I en la sangre y en el líquido cefalorraquídeo.

La enfermedad fue descrita por primera vez hace casi cien años en Jamaica por Strachnan (1897, Cruishank publicó en 1956 el cuadro patológico en el cual se encuentra degeneración de las vías piramidales, desmielinización, proliferación capilar con acúmulos de linfocitos alrededor de los vasos sanguineos. Maní y col informaron una enfermedad similar en el Sur de la India (1969. En 1981 Zaninovich encontró una zona endémica en la costa del Pacífico de Colombia y gracias a su interes consiguió apoyo de la Organización Mundial de la Salud y del Instituto Nacional de Salud de los Estados Unidos para adelantar los estudios sobre esta endemia.

En 1985 Gessain y col hallaron por primera vez en Martinfca anticuerpos contra el HTL V-1 en una alta proporción de pacientes con la enfermedad que denominaron Paraparesia Espástica Tropical.

El Virus Humano Linfotrópico de Celulas T o HTL V-1, pertenece a la familia de los Retrovirus, caracterizados por poseer una enzima denominada Transcriptasa Invertida (“Reverse Transcriptase”. Fue descubierto por Gallo

Effect of {alpha}-Particle and X-Ray Irradiation on DNA Synthesis in Tissue Cultures; Effet de l'Irradiation par les Particules a et par les Rayons X sur la Synthese de l'ADN dans des Cultures de Tissus; 0412 043b 0438 044f 0414 ; Efectos de la Irradiacion con Particulas Alfa y con Rayos X sobre la Sintesis de ADN en Cultivos de Tejidos

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Smith, C. L. [Department of Radiotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge (United Kingdom)

1962-02-15

lesions subies par la structure type de l'ADN (ou du phosphate de l'ADN) pendant la phase exponentielle dela synthese, les observations formulees plus haut sous 1, 2 et 3 constituent les corollaires evidents de ce phenomene. (author) [Spanish] La memoria describe los efectos de las particulas {alpha} y de los rayos X sobre la velocidad de sintesis del ADN en cultivos de tejidos de fibroblastos y de celulas de HeLa del raton. Los autores emplearon el metodo de la microautorradiografia con timidina tritiada, que les permitio evaluar la velocidad de sintesis en los cultivos de una sola capa que utilizaron. Los resultados indican que: 1) La fraccion de celulas que sintetizan ADN en un cultivo no es alterada por las particulas a. ni por los rayos X en las dosis experimentales empleadas. 2) Ambos tipos de radiaciones reducen la velocidad de sintesis del ADN en las celulas irradiadas. 3) El efecto de una dosis determinada de cualquiera de las dos radiaciones es disminuir la velocidad de sintesis de todas las celulas hasta una fraccion constante de la velocidad correspondiente a las celulas no irradiadas. 4) En. el caso de los fibroblastos del raton, la velocidad de sintesis del ADN queda reducida en un 37 por ciento (1/e) por una dosis a del orden de 25 {alpha}/{mu}{sup 2} o por una dosis de rayos X de 14 000 rad( En el caso de las celulas de HeLa, se requiere una dosis de unos 90 000 rad para alcanzar el mismo efecto. 5) La disminucion de la velocidad de sintesis se produce menos de media hora despues de la irradiacion, por lo que podria tratarse de un efecto inmediato. El resultado 4) permite calcular aproximadamente la forma del blanco. Si seo supone que es cilindrico, enoel caso de los fibroblastos, tendria un diametro aproximado de 16 A y una longitud de 16 000 A, es decir, se trataria de un cilindro extremadamente alargado con un peso molecular del orden de 5 x 10{sup 7}. Para las celulas de HeLa se obtendria un peso molecular de 10{sup 7}. Los resultados concuerdan con la

Fuel cell: new electrocatalysts for SOFC (Solid Oxide Fuel Cells) anodes and regulation between cell performance and catalytic activity; Celula a combustivel: novos eletrocatalisadores para anodos de SOFC (Celulas a Combustivel de Oxido Solido) e correlacao entre desempenho da celula e atividade catalitica

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Boaventura, Jaime S.; Aguiar, Aurinete B.; Brandao, Soraia T. [Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA (Brazil); Frank, Maria Helena Troise; Campos, Michel F. [PETROBRAS, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2004-07-01

Electro-catalysts were prepared using new routes. Chemical Ultrasound Deposition (CUD) method: aqueous solution of nickel nitrate and citric acid was ultrasound vaporized and deposited on heated Ytria-stabilized Zirconia (YSZ). Resin impregnation (IPR) method: nickel oxide and YSZ were mixed, added to phenolic resins, precipitated in acidic water and milled. Wet impregnation method (IMP) was used for comparison: YSZ and an aqueous solution of nickel nitrate and citric acid were mixed, followed by evaporation, drying and calcination. The catalysts were evaluated for methane steam reforming in a quartz reactor. The reactions were conducted for one hour with no significant catalytic activity loss. In reactions with 100 mg of catalyst and a mixture consisting of methane and steam (3:1), IPR catalyst showed activity higher and better stability than those by IMP. On other tests, the reform was conducted with 100 mg of catalyst and methane to steam of 10. The IPR catalyst activity was so high that the reaction approached equilibrium conditions. Anode/electrolyte/cathode units (A/E/C) were prepared with the above catalysts as follows: the anode was a catalyst porous layer; the electrolyte an YSZ dense layer; and the cathode an LSM porous layer; graphite powder formed the material porosity. The two first layers, in powder form, were put in a stainless steel cast, pressed to 4000 bars and sinterized. The cathode layer was subsequently added using tape-casting techniques followed by sintering. A/E/C units showed 40% linear contraction and porosity higher than 20%. For fuel cell tests, A/E/C was mounted in alumina plates with platinum current collectors. Unitary SOF cells were loaded with hydrogen diluted in nitrogen showing opened circuit voltage from circa 700 mV, for the CUD anode, to 350 mV, for the IPR anode. The unitary SOFC was loaded with methane for 15 minutes or longer, with no noticeable voltage loss. At 1300 K the SOFC made with IPR or IMP catalysts showed opened current voltages close to 500 mV, while CUD SOFC measured less approximately 300 mV. In conclusion, the SOFC opened current voltage might be related to the reforming activity of the electro-catalyst used as the anode. (author)

Comunicação transnacional mediada por computador: uma análise discursiva das identidades de futuros professores de inglês no Facebook

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Bárbara Cristina Gallardo

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Tomando potencialmente inovadoras as oportunidades de Comunicação Mediada por Computador no âmbito da formação de professores de inglês, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar as representações da identidade nacional constituídas em um contexto virtual. Duas estudantes de Letras estabeleceram contato com estrangeiros no Facebook e com eles interagiram em língua inglesa. Utilizou-se a Análise Crítica do Discurso para desvendar a organização linguística e ideológica dos discursos nacionais acionados na transição para o contexto transnacional online. Os resultados sugerem a hibridação de estratégias do discurso de contextos offline com os recursos multimodais dos contextos online. Os sujeitos adotaram estereótipos oriundos de centros geradores das dinâmicas de globalização, tanto em escala regional (sudeste do Brasil como mundial (os EUA.

Perlakuan Invigorasi untuk Meningkatkan Mutu Fisiologis dan Kesehatan Benih Padi Hibrida Intani-2 Selama Penyimpanan

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Purnawati ,

2015-03-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACT Storage condition and pathogen infection of seed can cause seed deteriorates faster. The rate of deterioration during storage could be slowed by seed invigoration, and pathogen infection could be elimited by application of natural pesticide. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of seed invigoration on seed physiological quality and health of Intani-2 hybrid rice seed during storage. All research activities were done at Laboratory of Quality Control and Plant Protection, PT. BISI International, Kediri, East Java. Split plot design was used in this experiment with 4 replications. Three seed lots of Intani-2 rice seed were used as main plot and 5 invigoration treatments were used as sub plot. Seed lot 1, 2 and 3 were harvested on 30 June 2012, 29 September 2012, and 2 November 2012, respectively. Invigoration treatments consisted of untreated, priming with ascorbic acid 40 ppm, osmoconditioning with KNO3 2%, osmoconditioning with PEG -0.2 MPa, and hydropriming. All invigoration treatments were added with clove oil 0.3%. Osmoconditioning with KNO3 2% + clove oil 0.3% was effective to maintain vigour index of seed lots 2 and 3 for up to 3 months storage. All seed invigoration treatments increased speed of germination before storage. Priming with ascorbic acid 40 ppm + clove oil 0.3% and osmoconditioning with PEG -0.2 MPa + clove oil 0.3% were effective to reduce the growth of Xanthomonas sp. on rice seeds monitored at 0, 2, and 3 months after storage.Keywords: ascorbic acid, clove oil, KNO3, osmoconditioning, PEG

Solution of optimization problems using hybrid architecture; Solucao de problemas de otimizacao utilizando arquitetura hibrida

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Murakami, Lelis Tetsuo

2008-07-01

Electrical power could be considered as one of the economy propulsion vector of a country, assuming extremely important and strategic role because it makes direct influence to the production capacity. The expansion of electrical energy production could not only be done in a short time because constructions in this area take many years and could require more then a decade depending on the magnitude of them. The national power generation group is constituted mainly by hydro power plants complemented by thermal power plants which use several kinds of fuel which generation cost is high, if compared to hydro power generation, and should be minimized. It is a complex planning issue to supply the future power demand which basically depends on the analysis of two compoundable scenarios: the first one refers to the forecast of future economy growing and in this case, unless un predicted issues occur such as the recent high economy growing experimented by China, the future demand does not show any surprise and is easy to predict; the second one, has inside the uncertainty because the hydro plants productions depends on the water quantity of rivers which depends on the past and current rainfall regimen. The quantity of rainfall is a stochastic data and follows the rules of probability and this drives to the study of cases and its deployments which are numerous causing difficulties to forecast the future. The planning of the electrical area has to examine the future demand and provide the necessary power generation equipment assuming a certain risk. To have it done, simulation models are used to predict the future, combining the two scenarios cited before, and viewing the results promoted by decision took in a step before. The difficult of this task is caused by the big amount of future alternatives provided by the combinatorial phenomena which require, to process the model, a computer with high processing capacity and specialized and specific methods that can resolve this king of problem. Because of the importance and magnitude of this issue, every effort which contributes to the improvement of power planning is welcome and this corroborates with this thesis which has an objective to propose technical, viable and economic solutions to solve the optimization problems with a new approach and has potential to be applied in many others kind of similar problems. (author)

Clinical applications of cells labelling; Aplicaciones clinicas del marcado de celulas

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Gonzalez, B M [Instituto Nacional de Pediatria (Mexico)

1994-12-31

Blood cells labelled with radionuclides are reviewed and main applications are described. Red blood cell labelling by both random and specific principle. A table with most important clinical uses, 99mTc labelling of RBC are described pre tinning and in vivo reduction of Tc, in vitro labelling and administration of labelled RBC and in vivo modified technique. Labelled leucocytes with several 99mTc-complex radiopharmaceuticals by in vitro technique and specific monoclonal s for white cells(neutrofiles). Labelled platelets for clinical use and research by in vitro technique and in vivo labelling.

Terapêutica do carcinoma pulmonar não de pequenas celulas

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Renato Sotto-Mayor

2002-05-01

Full Text Available RESUMO: No presente artigo de revisão o autor aborda a terapêutica do carcinoma pulmonar nao de pcquenas células em função do estádio de apresentação da doença, dando especial relevo à sua abordagem multidisciplinar, no sentido de ultrapassarmos o mau prognóstico que o seu diagnóstico ainda acarreta.Discute o Iugar das diferentes modalidades terapêuticas, a terapeutica da recidiva e da progressão tumorais, a do cancro do pulmao no doente idoso, o papel dos novos fármacos e as potencialidades dos novos alvos terapêuticos a nivel da biologia celular e molecular.REV PORT PNEUMOL 2002; Vlll (3: 237-259 ABSTRACT: In the present paper, the author reviews the non-small-cell lung cancer treatment by stages of disease.He states about the therapeutic strategies involving surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy, the important role of the multimodality approach of the patients, the relapsing and refractory tumor, the elderly patient, the new drugs, and the potential role of new gene and cell­ -based therapies.REV PORT PNEUMOL 2002; VIII (3: 237-259 Palavras-chave: carcinoma do pulmão, terapêutica, Key-words: Lung cancer, therapeutic

Cytogenetics of Triatominae: III - A study on male sterility induced through hybridization of Triatoma sórdida and Triatoma pseudomaculata

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Giorgio Schreiber

1975-08-01

Full Text Available Males from bilateral crosses between Triatoma sórdida and Triatoma pseudomaculata were unable to give offspring, as shown by subsequent backcrosses (BC between hybrid males and parental females. This kind of sterility indueed through interspecific hybridization seems to be due to lack of sperm migration from the bursa copulatrix to the spermateca, thus suggesting primarily failure on the part of hybrid males to produce and/or to incorporate male accessory secretions into the spermatophore bulb. Addicional proof that sterility induced in hybrid males is at the sperm level has been afforded by the spermatogenesis herein studied. The anomalous processes like; 1 prophases of spermatogonia with the chromosomes scattered in the cytoplasm, 2 first metaphases with unpaired tetrades, 3 spermatids differing in size and 4 spermatozoa of abnormal shape and generdlly of giant size, can be taken as an indicator of the degree of departure from the normal course of spermatogenesis.Os machos provenientes de cruzamentos bilaterais entre Triatoma sórdida e Triatoma pseudomaculata revelaram a incapacidade de produzir progênie, como se demonstra nos retrocruzamentos de machos híbridos com fêmeas das espécies paternas. Esta modalidade de esterilidade induzida através da hibridação interespecífica, parece ser devida à ausência de migração do esperma, determinada pela incapacidade dos híbridos machos produzirem a secreção opaca em suas glândulas acessórias e/ou incorporá-la à luz do espermatóforo. A prova adicional de que a incompatibilidade induzida em triatomíneos, através da hibridação inter específica, está no nível do esperma é fornecida pelo tipo anômalo de espermatogênese em híbridos aqui descrito, mostrando deste modo que: as prófases espermatogoniais têm os núcleos disruptos e os cromossomos espelhados no citoplasma. As primeiras metáfases meióticas têm as tétrades desemparelhadas. Os grupos de cromatídes assim obtidos

Structural and Magnetic Studies on Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Hybrid Matrices =

Science.gov (United States)

Silva, Nuno Joao de Oliveira

Este trabalho aborda algumas propriedades magneticas e estruturais de nanoparticulas de oxidos e oxidos-hidroxidos de ferro crescidos em matrizes hibridas orgânicas-inorgânicas. As matrizes hibridas, denominadas di-ureasils e obtidas pelo processo sol-gel, sao compostas por uma rede siliciosa ligada covalentemente por pontes ureia a cadeias orgânicas de diferente peso molecular. A estrutura local dos di-ureasils nao dopados esta modelada como grupos de dominios siliciosos com dimensoes nanometricas, estruturalmente correlacionados no seio de uma matriz rica em polimero. Neste trabalho mostra-se que os di-ureasils permitem o crescimento controlado de oxidos e oxidos-hidroxidos de ferro, incluindo a magnetite, maguemite, oxihidroxinitrato de ferro e ferrihidrite. O crescimento das nanoparticulas de ferrihidrite da-se em condicoes acidas a superficie dos dominios siliciosos, junto aos grupos carbonilo, que funcionam como pontos de nucleacao. Desse modo da-se uma nucleacao heterogenea, onde o tamanho das nanoparticulas depende da concentracao de ferro (entre 1 e 6% em massa), sendo a concentracao de particulas constante. As propriedades magneticas das nanoparticulas de ferrihidrite revelam a existencia de interaccoes antiferromagneticas e de momentos descompensados. A contribuicao destas duas componentes nas curvas de magnetizacao em funcao do campo magnetico pode ser separada usando um metodo aqui proposto, o que permite um adequado estudo da evolucao do momento magnetico com a temperatura. O estudo das propriedades magneticas dinâmicas das particulas de ferrihidrite, atraves de susceptibilidade ac, medidas de relaxacao e medidas de efeito Mossbauer, permitiu estudar a evolucao das interaccoes dipolares em funcao da concentracao de ferro, bem como determinar a distribuicao de barreiras de energia de anisotropia no caso em que essas interaccoes sao desprezaveis. E apresentado um novo metodo para comparacao desta distribuicao com a distribuicao de tamanhos, que

Spin-Transfer-Torque Nano-Oscillators: Fabrication, Characterization and Dynamics

Science.gov (United States)

Costa, Jose Diogo Teixeira Barbosa

Este trabalho aborda algumas propriedades magneticas e estruturais de nanoparticulas de oxidos e oxidos-hidroxidos de ferro crescidos em matrizes hibridas orgânicas-inorgânicas. As matrizes hibridas, denominadas di-ureasils e obtidas pelo processo sol-gel, sao compostas por uma rede siliciosa ligada covalentemente por pontes ureia a cadeias orgânicas de diferente peso molecular. A estrutura local dos di-ureasils nao dopados esta modelada como grupos de dominios siliciosos com dimensoes nanometricas, estruturalmente correlacionados no seio de uma matriz rica em polimero. Neste trabalho mostra-se que os di-ureasils permitem o crescimento controlado de oxidos e oxidos-hidroxidos de ferro, incluindo a magnetite, maguemite, oxihidroxinitrato de ferro e ferrihidrite. O crescimento das nanoparticulas de ferrihidrite da-se em condicoes acidas a superficie dos dominios siliciosos, junto aos grupos carbonilo, que funcionam como pontos de nucleacao. Desse modo da-se uma nucleacao heterogenea, onde o tamanho das nanoparticulas depende da concentracao de ferro (entre 1 e 6% em massa), sendo a concentracao de particulas constante. As propriedades magneticas das nanoparticulas de ferrihidrite revelam a existencia de interaccoes antiferromagneticas e de momentos descompensados. A contribuicao destas duas componentes nas curvas de magnetizacao em funcao do campo magnetico pode ser separada usando um metodo aqui proposto, o que permite um adequado estudo da evolucao do momento magnetico com a temperatura. O estudo das propriedades magneticas dinâmicas das particulas de ferrihidrite, atraves de susceptibilidade ac, medidas de relaxacao e medidas de efeito Mossbauer, permitiu estudar a evolucao das interaccoes dipolares em funcao da concentracao de ferro, bem como determinar a distribuicao de barreiras de energia de anisotropia no caso em que essas interaccoes sao desprezaveis. E apresentado um novo metodo para comparacao desta distribuicao com a distribuicao de tamanhos, que

El carácter fronterizo de las identidades contemporáneas. El caso de Chiapas

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Moisés Esteban Guitart

2010-01-01

Full Text Available La tesis o hipótesis que se sostiene en el artículo es que la puesta en relación de formas explícitas e implícitas de vida compartida en las sociedades contemporáneas conlleva el auge de identidades híbridas, múltiples o complejas. Entendiendo por identidades híbridas la confluencia de múltiples identificaciones en la biografía personal. Siendo la globalización y la pluralización cultural las formas fundamentales de la sociedad contemporánea, la movilidad se convierte en su principal ingrediente. Se describe la presencia de distintos elementos culturales conformadores de identidad en Chiapas. Internet, la emigración a Estados Unidos o el Tratado de Libre Comercio entre México, Estados Unidos y Canadá se hibrida con la heterogeneidad identitaria (religiosa, étnica, lingüística existente en el territorio. Se discute el carácter híbrido de las sociedades contemporáneas y las consecuencias sociales y políticas que conlleva.

Methodology for monitoring the behaviour of wind-photovoltaic hybrid system in the conditions of Cuba; Metodologia para el monitoreo del comportamiento de un sistema hibrido eolico-fotovoltaico en las condiciones de Cuba

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rodriguez G, Maria; Nunez, Ariel; Marquez M, Soe del C [Centro de Investigaciones de Energia Solar, Santiago de Cuba (Cuba)

2000-07-01

The proposal of a methodology is shown in the work that allows monitoring the behaviour of wind-photovoltaic hybrid system beginning with the study of the energy resources (wind and solar) of the known place, designed and put into operation a hybrid installation, using Text Processing techniques could obtained operation curves of the system daily, monthly and annual, to configure the reading for port series of the parameters measured during the evaluation of the system a denominated software HYBSYS was developed in Lab View for Windows 3.1 or superior. [Spanish] Se muestra la propuesta de una metodologia que permite monitorear el comportamiento de un sistema hibrido eolico-fotovoltaico, comenzando con el estudio de los recursos energeticos (eolico y solar) de un sitio conocido se diseno y puso en funcionamiento una instalacion hibrida, usando las tecnicas de un procesador se pudieron obtener las curvas de funcionamiento diaria, mensual y anual del sistema, para configurar la lectura por puerto serie de los parametros medidos durante la evaluacion del sistema se desarrollo un software denominado HYBSYS en Lab View para Windows 3.1 o superior.

Editorial

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Margarita Barretto

2009-01-01

Santos também sugere que estaríamos presenciando o surgimento de uma nova tendência na plataforma do conhecimento de Jafari, a de estudar a epistemologia do turismo, de passar de estudos com base no empírico para estudos comparativos entre teorias. É exatamente o que faz Korstanje na sua discussão sobre os fundamentos da teoria utilizada por MacCannel para construir seus argumentos sobre a relação entre turismo e autenticidade, discussão que vem permeando os estudos de turismo há quarenta anos e que vem sendo superada à luz dos novos paradigmas da reflexividade, do dialogismo e da hibridação cultural. Nesse terceiro número do terceiro volume da RBtur se encerra a parceria da editoria Barretto e Bastos. Consolidado como periódico científico,  suas  páginas destinam-se à extroversão de artigos dos autores dispostos a enfrentar os desafios da pesquisa científica em Turismo.

Estádios de desenvolvimento embrionário e localização do embrião zigótico em sementes de citros Embryo development stage and the location of embryo zygotic in the seed of citrine

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Valtemir Gonçalves Ribeiro

1999-08-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se estudar o comportamento de embriões zigóticos e nucelares aos 120, 130, 140 e 150 dias após serem efetuadas hibridações controladas entre a laranjeira 'Natal' (Citrus sinensis Osb. e o parental masculino Poncirus trifoliata (L. Raf. Em cada data, as sementes foram removidas, e os embriões excisados foram caracterizados em estádios de desenvolvimento (globular, cordiforme, torpedo e cotiledonar; coloração (clorofilado ou não; e localização na semente (próximo à micrópila ou mais interiormente. A partir dessas características, foram construídas tabelas de contingência para testar hipóteses de independência entre elas, mediante o teste exato de Fisher e chi² (qui-quadrado. Relações de dependência foram verificadas entre as características: estádios de desenvolvimento embrionário com a localização na semente; estádios de desenvolvimento embrionário com a natureza da plântula (zigótica ou nucelar; e entre natureza da plântula com a localização do embrião na semente. Verificou-se que os embriões zigóticos excisados de frutos com 130 a 150 dias da hibridação controlada, localizam-se, em grande maioria, próximos à região micropilar da semente, em estádio globular e cordiforme de desenvolvimento.Controlled hybridizations between 'Natal' orange variety (Citrus sinensis Osb. and male parent Poncirus trifoliata (L. Raf. were performed in order to study zygotic and nucellar embryos behaviour at 120, 130, 140 and 150 days. At very date the seeds were removed and the embryos excised to characterize: development stage (globular, cordiform, torpedo and cotyledonal; colour (with or without chlorophyll; and location in the seed (close to the micropyle or more internal in the seed. From these characteristics contingency tables were evaluated to test independency hypothesis through Fisher test and chi² (chi-square. Dependence relationships were observed between the following characteristics: stages of the

Rehabilitación de paciente fumador con prótesis hibrida sobre seis implantes: Reporte de caso

OpenAIRE

López López, Carmen Eliana; Quintana del Solar, Martin

2016-01-01

La prótesis sobre implantes es una buena alternativa de tratamiento frente a los tratamientos convencionales de prótesis total en pacientes con edentulismo total. Este tratamiento se ha venido realizando con éxito en losúltimos años y constituye una realidad clínica de alto valor. El presente artículo reporta el caso clínico de un paciente de sexo masculino fumador donde se realizó la rehabilitación del maxilar superior con una prótesis tipohibrida sobre 6 implantes. A continuación se describ...

Automation of cells of radiopharmaceuticals production; Automacao de celulas de producao de radiofarmacos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Negrini, Aguinaldo Donizete

2010-07-01

The {sup 67}Ga is an important radiopharmaceutical used to identify inflammatory processes in chronic illnesses, diagnosis by image of tumors in soft tissues and the possibility to evaluate the result for therapeutic intervention. In the present work a module of {sup 67}Ga processing was developed with the objective to reduce the interventions in the hot cell, in order to avoid oxidation caused by metallic materials, and consuming in hoses of the peristaltic pumps, that release residues that blocked the valves used in the process. With materials such as: acrylic, PVC, PEEK e teflon and they are used vacuum as method (way) of fluid transferences instead of peristaltic pump in the majority of the procedures, with this improvements the system can make shorter the lengths of transference hoses, increasing the yield in the process with less interventions for maintenance and time exposure of the workers, guaranteeing the quality and reducing the time of the processing. using a mobile system for displacement of the processing module making in the cleanness and maintenance of the cell that works with radioactive material. Reducing the time of exposure dose of the workers in compliance with RDC-17 of ANVISA, which ruling the Good Manufacturing Practice Procedures. (author)

En búsqueda de marcadores de celulas madre mesenquimales de la pulpa dental

OpenAIRE

Merino, Graciela; Dewey, Ricardo; Mayocchi, Karina; Butler, Teresa Adela; Dorati, Pablo; Basal, Roxana Lía; Paggi, Ricardo; Cantarini, Martín; Pinola, Lidia; Micinquevich, Susana

2016-01-01

Al plantearse aislar y cultivar células madre de la pulpa dental, es Importante conocer sus características morfológicas, inmunohistoquímica, ultraestructurales y moleculares. Respecto a la inmunohistoquímica se conocen moléculas marcadoras ubicadas en la superficie celular. Ellas tienen la propiedad de reconocer determinados anticuerpos. Las siglas utilizadas para su Identificación se reconocen como CD (Cluster of Differentiation). El objetivo del presente trabajo fue diseñar una tabla, en b...

Efficiency of SOFC type fuel cells; Eficiencia de celulas combustiveis do tipo SOFC

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Amaral, Alexandre Alves do; Matos, Francisco F.; Boaventura, Jaime S.; Benedicto, Joao Paulo S.; Alencar, Marcelo [Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA (Brazil). Inst. de Quimica. Dept. de Fisico-Quimica

2006-07-01

production of electric energy, mainly due to the fact that it is virtually no pollutant. Typically, the SOFC is constituted of at least seven distinct phases: fuel, anode, electrolyte substrate (separating the two electrodes), cathode, air, and electrical inter connectors (completing the electrical circuit). Thermodynamics clearly shows that electrochemical systems only can be reversible when homogeneous, what it is not case of the Sofc. Therefore, the application of equilibrium thermodynamics to these systems is incorrect. This work proposes that the Sofc can be better depicted from reactions between adsorbed species. The efficiency then is calculated as the ratio between the free energy of these reactions to the combustion heat. Thermodynamic parameter estimative is developed for the global and adsorbed species reactions. (author)

Modeling and simulation of PEM fuel cell's flow channels using CFD techniques

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cunha, Edgar F.; Andrade, Alexandre B.; Robalinho, Eric; Bejarano, Martha L.M.; Linardi, Marcelo [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)]. E-mails: efcunha@ipen.br; abodart@ipen.br; eric@ipen.br; mmora@ipen.br; mlinardi@ipen.br; Cekinski, Efraim [Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnologicas (IPT-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)]. E-mail: cekinski@ipt.br

2007-07-01

Fuel cells are one of the most important devices to obtain electrical energy from hydrogen. The Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) consists of two important parts: the Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA), where the reactions occur, and the flow field plates. The plates have many functions in a fuel cell: distribute reactant gases (hydrogen and air or oxygen), conduct electrical current, remove heat and water from the electrodes and make the cell robust. The cost of the bipolar plates corresponds up to 45% of the total stack costs. The Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) is a very useful tool to simulate hydrogen and oxygen gases flow channels, to reduce the costs of bipolar plates production and to optimize mass transport. Two types of flow channels were studied. The first type was a commercial plate by ELECTROCELL and the other was entirely projected at Programa de Celula a Combustivel (IPEN/CNEN-SP) and the experimental data were compared with modelling results. Optimum values for each set of variables were obtained and the models verification was carried out in order to show the feasibility of this technique to improve fuel cell efficiency. (author)

Modeling and simulation of PEM fuel cell's flow channels using CFD techniques

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cunha, Edgar F.; Andrade, Alexandre B.; Robalinho, Eric; Bejarano, Martha L.M.; Linardi, Marcelo; Cekinski, Efraim

2007-01-01

Fuel cells are one of the most important devices to obtain electrical energy from hydrogen. The Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) consists of two important parts: the Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA), where the reactions occur, and the flow field plates. The plates have many functions in a fuel cell: distribute reactant gases (hydrogen and air or oxygen), conduct electrical current, remove heat and water from the electrodes and make the cell robust. The cost of the bipolar plates corresponds up to 45% of the total stack costs. The Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) is a very useful tool to simulate hydrogen and oxygen gases flow channels, to reduce the costs of bipolar plates production and to optimize mass transport. Two types of flow channels were studied. The first type was a commercial plate by ELECTROCELL and the other was entirely projected at Programa de Celula a Combustivel (IPEN/CNEN-SP) and the experimental data were compared with modelling results. Optimum values for each set of variables were obtained and the models verification was carried out in order to show the feasibility of this technique to improve fuel cell efficiency. (author)

La célula de Schwann

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adriana del Pilar López Lombana

1993-12-01

Full Text Available La célula de Schwann que constituye la glía del SNP, además de ser el soporte estructural para los axones en dicho sistema, tiene la función de producir la mielina, una organela de gran importancia en los procesos de neuroconducción. De la integridad de esta célula dependen el desarrollo estructural y metabólico del axón, así mismo se ha reconocido desde hace varios anos el papel primordial que juega ella, en los procesos de regeneración del SPN posterior a una injuria, en cuyo caso reinician la proliferación para producir una guía de regeneración del nervio periférico. En esta revisión se contemplarán algunos de los puntos relacionados con su origen, desarrollo, estructura, relación con el axon y el tipo de patologías que pueden alterarla; igualmente se resalta la utilidad de los cultivos de celulas de Schwann para el estudio de los procesos de mielinización, desmielinización, regeneración post-traumatica y respuesta a agentes infecciosos.

Algumas investigações sobre Schizotrypanum de Quirópteros

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Emmanuel Dias

1939-01-01

Full Text Available Os autores referem as especies de morcegos de diversos países americanos, emque foi pesquisada no sangue a presença de hemoflagelados. Tripanosomas com a morfologia das formas sanguicolas de Schizotrypanum foram encontrados, tendo sido colhidos dados novos sobre a distribuição geografica e a incidencia da infecção em diferentes especies de morcegos. Sómente nos tecidos do Phyllostomus hastatus puderam ser encontradas as formas de multiplicação do flagelado. Alimentando-se exemplares de Triatoma infestans em Eumops bonariensis beckeri infectado, foi obtido desenvolvimento intestinal do parasito. Por inoculação das vinchucas assim infectadas em camondongo, conseguiu-se facilmente transmissão da infecção a este animal. Inoculando-se cultura do Schizotrypanum de Phyllostomus hastatus em coelho, por via subcutanea, verificaram-se no ponto de inoculação, 5 dias depois, celulas contendo tipicas formas de leishmania. São assinalados fatos observados sobre a associação demorcegos com Hemipteros sugadores (Reduvideos e Cimicideos, os quais, pela circunstancia de se poderem infectar pelo flagelado, são os possiveis transmissores da infecção a estes mamiferos.

O PAPEL DA ARGUMENTAÇÃO NO ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS: LIÇÕES DE UM WORKSHOP

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Daniela Lopes Scarpa

Full Text Available RESUMO: O objetivo do presente artigo é apresentar e dialogar com os trabalhos produzidos neste número especial, resultado de palestras proferidas no workshopArgumentação no Ensino de Ciências. Os três primeiros artigos discutem mais especificamente a argumentação como prática epistêmica da ciência. O quarto e o quinto propõem elementos orientadores para o planejamento de Ambientes de Aprendizagem argumentativos e, juntamente com os três primeiros, assumem o ensino por investigação/modelagem como abordagem privilegiada para isso. Os três últimos trazem os desafios metodológicos da pesquisa e apresentam perspectivas diferenciadas de análise de situações argumentativas. No diálogo com esses textos, retomo o conceito de hibridação entre cultura escolar e científica, em que a argumentação está na zona de fronteira entre essas culturas; relaciono as etapas da investigação científica com o processo de argumentação e explicito as ações esperadas de professores e alunos na elaboração de atividades argumentativas.

Den iscenesatte folkelighed

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Néstor Garcia Canclini

1994-09-01

Full Text Available Hvad er "det folkelige" og hvad er "folkekultur"? Néstor Garcia Canclini har i denne artikel sat sig for at dekonstruere begrebet "det folkelige" og beskrive den måde, forskellige grupper bruger og misbruger begrebet på. Han analyserer tre fremherskende idéer om folkelighed: folkloristernes romantiske idé om det oprindelige, der blev ødelagt af massekulturen, massemediernes popularitetsbegreb og endelig populisternes - både de højre- og venstreorienteredes - iscenesættelse af folkeligheden. Desuden ser han på to marxistiske skolers opfattelse af forholdet mellem de dominerende og undertrykte klasser og forskellige definitioner af folkelig- hed. Ligesom Anamaria Fadul argumenterer Canclini for nødvendigheden af en ny, tværdiciplinær forskning, som opfanger kompleksitet og flerty- digheder i forholdet mellem de undertrykte og dominerende og ser "det folkelige" som en tragisk komedie med modsætninger og flertydighed snarere end en evigt fremadskrivende episk fortælling. Artiklen er en forkortet udgave af kapitel 5 i Canclinis bog fra 1989: "Culturas Hibridas - Estrategias para entrat y salir de la modernidad. Mexico: Grijalbo.

PREDIKSI CHURN DAN SEGMENTASI PELANGGAN MENGGUNAKAN BACKPROPAGATION NEURAL NETWORK BERBASIS EVOLUTION STRATEGIES

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Junta Zeniarja

2015-05-01

Full Text Available Pelanggan merupakan bagian penting dalam memastikan keunggulan dan kelangsungan hidup perusahaan. Oleh karena itu perlu untuk memiliki sistem manajemen untuk memastikan pelanggan tetap setia dan tidak pindah ke pesaing lain, yang dikenal sebagai manajemen churn. Prediksi churn pelanggan adalah bagian dari manajemen churn, yang memprediksi perilaku pelanggan dengan klasifikasi pelanggan setia dan mana yang cenderung pindah ke kompetitor lain. Keakuratan prediksi ini mutlak diperlukan karena tingginya tingkat migrasi pelanggan ke perusahaan pesaing. Hal ini penting karena biaya yang digunakan untuk meraih pelanggan baru jauh lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan mempertahankan loyalitas pelanggan yang sudah ada. Meskipun banyak studi tentang prediksi churn pelanggan yang telah dilakukan, penelitian lebih lanjut masih diperlukan untuk meningkatkan akurasi prediksi. Penelitian ini akan membahas penggunaan teknik data mining Backpropagation Neural Network (BPNN in hybrid dengan Strategi Evolution (ES untuk atribut bobot. Validasi model dilakukan dengan menggunakan validasi Palang 10-Fold dan evaluasi pengukuran dilakukan dengan menggunakan matriks kebingungan dan Area bawah ROC Curve (AUC. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa hibrida BPNN dengan ES mencapai kinerja yang lebih baik daripada Basic BPNN. Kata kunci: data mining, churn, prediksi, backpropagation neural network, strategi evolusi.

Applications for a hybrid operating room in thoracic surgery: from multidisciplinary procedures to --image-guided video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.

Science.gov (United States)

Terra, Ricardo Mingarini; Andrade, Juliano Ribeiro; Mariani, Alessandro Wasum; Garcia, Rodrigo Gobbo; Succi, Jose Ernesto; Soares, Andrey; Zimmer, Paulo Marcelo

2016-01-01

The concept of a hybrid operating room represents the union of a high-complexity surgical apparatus with state-of-the-art radiological tools (ultrasound, CT, fluoroscopy, or magnetic resonance imaging), in order to perform highly effective, minimally invasive procedures. Although the use of a hybrid operating room is well established in specialties such as neurosurgery and cardiovascular surgery, it has rarely been explored in thoracic surgery. Our objective was to discuss the possible applications of this technology in thoracic surgery, through the reporting of three cases. RESUMO O conceito de sala híbrida traduz a união de um aparato cirúrgico de alta complexidade com recursos radiológicos de última geração (ultrassom, TC, radioscopia e/ou ressonância magnética), visando a realização de procedimentos minimamente invasivos e altamente eficazes. Apesar de bem estabelecido em outras especialidades, como neurocirurgia e cirurgia cardiovascular, o uso da sala hibrida ainda é pouco explorado na cirurgia torácica. Nosso objetivo foi discutir as aplicações e as possibilidades abertas por essa tecnologia na cirurgia torácica através do relato de três casos.

Scintillation camera and positron camera; Le scintillometre photographique; Stsintillyatsionnaya kamera; La camara de centelleo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Anger, Hal O; Rosenthal, Donald J [Lawrence Radiation Laboratory and Donner Laboratory of Biophysics and Medical Physics University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)

1959-07-01

A short description is given of earlier forms of the gamma-ray camera. The principle of operation of the scintillation camera is reviewed. Here the locations of scintillations occurring in a flat thallium-activated sodium iodide crystal are determined from the amount of light picked up by a number of phototubes simultaneously viewing the crystal. The signals from the phototubes are fed to a deflection computor circuit which reproduces the scintillations on a cathode-ray tube screen. There they are photographed by a conventional scope camera. Examples are shown of the resolution now obtained as shown by test phantoms. A discussion is presented of the camera's use in visualizing the thyroid in clinical practice. (author) [French] Les auteurs donnent une breve description des gammametres photographiques employes anterieurement. Ils rappellent le principe du fonctionnement du scintillometre photographique. Cet appareil permet de localiser des scintillations emises par un cristal plat d'iodure de sodium active au thallium d'apres le flux lumineux capte par plusieurs cellules photoelectrique s placees devant le cristal. Des cellules photoelectriques, les signaux sont transmis a un circuit de comptage a deviation qui reproduit les scintillations sur l'ecran d'un tube a rayons cathodiques. Elles sont ensuite photographiees a l'aide d'un appareil ordinaire. Au moyen de , les auteurs donnent des exemples du pouvoir de resolution qu'il est possible d'obtenir maintenant. Ils etudient l'utilisation du dispositif pour la representation visuelle de la thyroide dans la pratique clinique. (author) [Spanish] El trabajo ofrece una breve description de las camaras de rayos gamma utilizadas anteriormente. Se pasa revista al principio de funcionamiento de la camara de centelleo. Ese aparato permite localizar los destellos emitidos por un cristal piano de yoduro de sodio activado por talio, en funcion del flujo luminoso captado por cierto numero de celulas fotoelectricas

PERFORMA PERTUMBUHAN, KOEFISIEN VARIASI, DAN HETEROSIS HASIL PERSILANGAN IKAN PATIN (Pangasius sp. PADA TAHAP PENDEDERAN II

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Jadmiko Darmawan

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Hibridisasi merupakan salah satu teknik pemuliaan ikan dalam rangka mendapatkan varietas unggul sehingga mampu meningkatkan nilai produksi suatu komoditas ikan yang dibudidayakan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi performa pertumbuhan, koefisien variasi, dan nilai heterosis dari hasil persilangan tiga spesies ikan patin sebagai tetua, yaitu patin siam (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, patin jambal (Pangasius djambal, dan patin nasutus (Pangasius nasutus pada tahap pendederan II. Induk ikan patin siam dan patin jambal yang digunakan merupakan ikan yang sudah dirilis sebagai ikan budidaya, sedangkan induk ikan patin nasutus berasal dari perairan umum dan sedang dalam proses domestikasi sebagai ikan budidaya. Persilangan yang dibuat adalah: A f  patin jambal >0,05. Ikan patin SN memiliki performa yang lebih baik dari tetuanya dengan nilai heterosis bobot akhir, LPS bobot, panjang total, LPS panjang total, dan sintasan berturut-turut sebesar 110,87%; 19,78%; 36,14%, 36,09%; dan 15,04%; serta nilai koefisien variasi berkisar antara 0,00-11,08. Bobot akhir, panjang total dan sintasan ikan patin SJ juga lebih baik dari tetuanya dengan nilai heterosis berturut-turut sebesar 46,00%; 11,27%; dan 2,27%; namun untuk heterosis LPS bobot dan LPS panjang total bernilai negatif (-6,65% dan -1,01%, serta nilai koefisien variasi berkisar antara 0,00-12,75. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut menunjukkan bahwa ikan patin hibrida SN berpotensi sebagai ikan budidaya dalam rangka peningkatan produksi ikan patin daging putih selain dari ikan patin hibrida  SJ (pasupati yang telah dirilis ke masyarakat. Hybridization is a fish breeding technique in order to obtain high yielding varieties as to increase the production value of a farmed fish. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the growth performance, the coefficient of variation and heterosis value of the result of crossing three species of catfish as a parent, which was striped catfish

Tumor cells diagnostic through fractal dimensions; Diagnostico de celulas tumorais atraves de dimensoes fractais

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Timbo, Christiano dos Santos

2004-07-01

This method relies on the application of an algorithm for the quantitative and statistic differentiation of a sample of cells stricken by a certain kind of pathology and a sample of healthy cells. This differentiation is made by applying the principles of fractal dimension to digital images of the cells. The algorithm was developed using the the concepts of Object- Oriented Programming, resulting in a simple code, divided in 5 distinct procedures, and a user-friendly interface. To obtain the fractal dimension of the images of the cells, the program processes the image, extracting its border, and uses it to characterize the complexity of the form of the cell in a quantitative way. In order to validate the code, it was used a digitalized image found in an article by W. Bauer, developer of an analog method. The result showed a difference of 6% between the value obtained by Bauer and the value obtained the algorithm developed in this work. (author)

Performance of direct ethanol and methanol fuel cells as function of alcohol concentration applied to the anode of those cells; Desempenho de celulas a combustivel com alimentacao direta de etanol (CCADE) e celulas a combustivel com alimentacao direta de metanol (CCADM) em funcao da concentracao do alcool aplicado ao anodo destas celulas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Belchor, P.M.; Forte, M.M.C. [Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS (Brazil); Correa, J.P.; Kuhn, C.K.; Carpenter, D. [FURB -Fundacao Universidade Regional de Blumenau, SC (Brazil)

2010-07-01

This paper aimed to compare the performance of a CCADE and a CCADM as function of diminishing of concentration of alcohol applied top the anode of each cell. As result, reaching a diminishing the concentration of each alcohol through the mix of each one with the deionized water, one obtained a improved humidification and sensible reduction of the permeability of cationic membrane, generating a gain of performance of the functioning both cells. (author)

Formalization of common power and efficiency definitions for energy-converting intracellular biochemical processes

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Santillan, M.; Angulo-Brown, F.; Chavoya-Aceves, O. [Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico, D. F. (Mexico)

2001-04-01

The definitions of power and efficiency for energy-converting intracellular biochemical processes, introduced by Caplan and Essig are studied. These definitions are recovered in the present work with the formalism of De Groot and Mazure for First-Order Irreversible Thermodynamics, rather than the formalism of Prigogine, as done by Caplan and Essig. The approach here employed permits to keep track of all the assumptions in a more clear manner, and to get rid of a very strong restriction in the approach of Caplan and Essig which assumes that the chemical potentials are homogeneous inside the cell. [Spanish] Se estudian las definiciones de potencia y eficiencia para procesos bioquimicos intracelulares convertidores de energia, introducidas por Caplan y Essig. En el presente trabajo, dichas definiciones se recuperan usando el formalismo de De Groot y Mazur para la termodinamica irreversible de primer orden, en vez del formalismo de Prigogine, empleado por Caplan y Essig. El punto de vista empleado en el presente manuscrito permite seguir las suposiciones hechas de una manera mas clara, ademas de que hace innecesaria una suposicion bastante fuerte usada por Caplan y Essig, la cual da por hecho que los potenciales quimicos son homogeneos en el interior de la celula.

Pengaruh Perbedaan Waktu Tanam Tetua Padi Hibrida dan Aplikasi Zat Pengatur Tumbuh terhadap Hasil Benih F1 HIPA 8

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SRI WAHYUNI

2015-09-01

Full Text Available The Effects of Planting Time of TheParental Hybrid Rice and Plant Growth RegulatorApplication on Seed Yield of F1 HIPA 8.Research the effect of planting time of parental lines andapplication of plant growth regulators (GA3and glysine on seed yield of F1 hybrid rice had beenconducted at The Indonesian Centre of Rice Research on 2010. The objective of the study was to findout combination of plating time and application of plant growth regualtors to get high seed yield ofhybrid rice. Seeds of parental lines Hipa 8 were planting in row ratio 2R:8A at Cilandak, Indramayu onthe dry season of 2010. Treatments to improve seed yield of hybrid rice consisted of (a planting timeof parental lines (CMS and R, and (b application of plant growth regualators (GA3 CG1 (commercialgrade 60 ppm, GA3 CG2 94 ppm, Glysine 40 ppm and control (untreated. Plant growth regualatorwere applied at three times i.e. heading time, 5% plant flowering and 20% plant flowering. Variableevaluated consisted of: plant growth, yield component and seed yield. Result of the exeperiment showedthat tiller number per hill and plant height at vegetatif stage were not affected by treatments. TreatmentA1B2 and A2B2 significantly improved panicle exercition, plant height of restorer and also seed yield.Rice plant treated with A1B2 (planting times of restorer were 12, 15, and 18 days after CMS andapllication GA3 CG1 60 ppm showed the highest seed yield, followed by A2B2 (planting times ofrestorer were 13, 17 and 21 days after CMS and application of GA3 CG1 60 ppm.

Lower hybrid resonance plasma heating in the LISA machine. Aquecimento do plasma na ressonancia hibrida inferior na maquina LISA

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Silva, J C.X. da; Cunha Rapozo, C da [Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, RJ (Brazil). Inst. de Fisica

1988-10-01

Plasma of helium was obtained using microwave source of f[sub RF] = 2.45 GHz and P[sub RF] = 800 W. Temperature and electron density were investigated for plasma excited by radiofrequency of f = 30 MHz and P[sub RF] = 0.1 kw. (M.C.K.).

Comunicação e imaginário nos contos do cinema contemporâneo: uma estética em transição

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Maria Beatriz Furtado Rahde

2008-09-01

Full Text Available Este artigo analisa alguns contos do cinema de ficção científica, refletindo sobre hibridações da comunicação visual desse gênero de filme. Estabelece relações entre processos comunicativos dos tradicionais contos de fadas com novas possibilidades tecnológicas pós-modernas em Spielberg e Lucas. Uma nova estética visual se expressa, com modelos humanos fragmentados, cibernéticos, heróis robôs. A aceitação desse gênero pelo espectador confere legitimidade à mudança de estilo, causando, por conseqüência, transições estético/imagísticas. Palavras-chave: Imaginário; cinema; estética; pós-moderno. ABSTRACT This article analyses some tales in science fiction movies, aiming at a reflection on hybridities within visual communication in this kind of movies. It tries to establish relations between communicative processes of traditional fairy tales with new technological post-modern possibilities, in Spielberg and Lucas. A new visual aesthetics is expressed, with fragmented human models, cybernetics, heroic robots. The acceptance of this genre on the part of the spectator grants legitimacy to a change in style, causing therefore, aesthetic/imagistic transitions. Keywords: Imaginary; movie; aesthetic; postmodern.

Atores religiosos populares e midiático-consumismo católico / Popular religious actors and catholic media-consumerism

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Emerson Sena da Silveira

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Propõe-se, com o presente artigo, refletir sobre as implicações da cultura de consumo bem como da mídia sobre os atores religiosos populares, a partir do estudo de uma comunidade católico-carismática de estrato popular. Perpassarão as reflexões questionamentos tais como as mediações entre os atores religiosos, por meio de suas atividades, e a dimensão das forças midiáticas e do consumo. Partindo dessas considerações, constata-se que os fluxos e fronteiras entre mídia, consumo e carismatismo católico põem em pauta novas formas de hibridação entre religião e mundo pós-moderno. / This article aims to reflect upon the implications of the culture of consumerism as well as the media for popular religious actors, starting from the study of a poor Catholic Charismatic community. The reflections will touch questions such as the mediations between the religious actors, through their activities, and the dimension of media forces and consumerism. Starting from these considerations, it is noticed that the flows and boundaries between media, consumerism and Catholic Charismaticism put in debate new forms of hybridization between religion and post-modern world.

Tamponamento do pH da solução nutritiva na hidroponia de plantas ornamentais.

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Maira C. M. Fonseca

2005-06-01

Full Text Available Seis espécies de plantas ornamentais: Viola tricolor, Antirrhinum majus, Phlox drummondii, Petunia hibrida, Statice sinuata e Alyssum maritimun foram cultivadas em solução nutritiva com e sem agente tamponante, num experimento fatorial inteiramente casualizado com três repetições. Avaliou-se o tempo para germinação, produção de muda, início do florescimento, teores de nutrientes e perdas do vigor e da qualidade das flores. As plantas foram colhidas quando perderam o vigor e a qualidade das flores. Dentre as espécies cultivadas, a que apresentou menor ciclo foi boca-de-leão (Antirrhinum majus. Boca-de-leão (Antirrhinum majus e petúnia (Petúnia x hybrida monstraram-se melhor esenvolvidas quando cultivadas com agente tamponante. Amorperfeito (Viola tricolor e flox (Phlox drummondii tenderam a um melhor desenvolvimento em solução nutritiva sem agente tamponante. Para estátice (Statice sinuata e alisso (Alyssum maritimun as soluções empregadas não resultaram em diferenças significativas no crescimento das plantas, embora o vigor e número de flores de alisso apresentem superioridade em presença de agente tamponante.

In Vitro Metabolism of H{sup 3} Thymidine; Metabolisme In Vitro de la Thymidine Tritiee; 041c 0435 0414 ''In Vitro''; Metabolismo In Vitro de la Timidina Tritiada

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rubini, J. R.; Keller, S.; Eisentraut, A. [Veterans Administration Hospital and Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX (United States); Cronkite, E. P. [Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, Long Island, NY (United States)

1962-02-15

petites quantites de thymidine tritiee; il n'y a pas de formation d'eau tritiee. Les auteurs formulent des hypotheses concernant les mecanismes qui entrent en jeu. (author) [Spanish] Los autores han estudiado el metabolismo y comportamiento in vitro de la timidina tritiada ({sup 3}HTDR; 1,9 curies/mM), que es un precursor del acido desoxirribonucleico, en sangre de enfermos de leucemia y en medula normal de perro. Para evaluar la cantidad de acido desoxirribonucleico recientemente sintetizado determinaron los indices de marcacion y contaron los granulos de autorradiogramas de celulas, tomadas una hora despues de la marcacion. La marcacion de las celulas pudo atenuarse facilmente anadiendo al principio a la timidina tritiada pequenas cantidades de timidina sin marcar, con lo que se demuestra que el espacio de timidina es muy reducido. Si al cabo de 20 minutos se anade timidina a la mezcla en incubacion, la marcacion no se atenua. Este periodo de 20 minutos define el periodo de incorporacion de la timidina tritiada. Al cabo de una hora, la actividad del {sup 3}H contenido en el liquido sobrenadante era aun considerable, pero no suficiente para marcar nuevas celulas anadidas. Este liquido sobrenadante 'gastado' contiene {sup 3}HTDR como principal compuesto tritiado y solo pequenas cantidades de timina-{sup 3}H ; no se formo agua tritiada. Los autores formulan hipotesis acerca de los mecanismos que intervienen en estos fenomenos. (author) [Russian] Izuchalsja metabolizm in vitro i sud'ba pervichnoj chasticy DNK N( timidina, N{sup 3} TshJa (1.9 C{mu}/M) v lejkemichnoj krovi cheloveka i mozgah normal'noj sobaki. Predvaritel'nyj podschet novogo sinteza DNK proizvodilsja mechashhimi indeksami i otschetom zeren avtoradiogramm kletok poluchennyh iz smesej v techenie odnogo chasa. Mechenie kletok mozhet byt' bystro ponizheno dobavleniem minutnyh kolichestv nemechenogo TDR pervonachal'no k H{sup 3} TDR, demonstriruja neznachitel'nost' pula TDR. Kogda TDR, 20 minut spustja byl

Membranes for hydrogen and fuel cell technology; Membranas para celula combustivel e separacao de hidrogenio

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nunes, Suzana Pereira [GKSS-Forschungszentrum, Geesthacht (Germany)]. E-mail: nunes@gkss.de

2005-07-01

Membranes for fuel cell were prepared using as polymer matrix sulfonated polyether ketones. New sulfonated copolymers (poly oxazoles, poly imides and poly ketones) were synthesized. Nano composites using zirconium oxide and phosphates, as well as modified silicates were obtained aiming the application on direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). The performances of membranes containing fillers with different aspects (spherical, layers, tubular, networks) and surface modification (hydroxy, imidazole, acid oligomers) were compared. The effect of surface modification was much more pronounced than that of the aspect. A good balance of proton conductivity and methanol permeability was obtained with silicates modified with imidazole groups. Good performance in DMFC were obtained with membranes containing zirconium phosphate. Acid oligomers also led to particularly high conductivity values above 100 deg C. Polyimide membranes with H{sub 2}/CH{sub 4} larger than 100 were obtained. (author )

Electrochemical studies for an acid fuel cell; Estudos eletroquimicos de uma celula a combustivel acida

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gonzalez, E.R.; Avaca, L.A.; Ticianelli, E.A.; Ferreira, A.C.; Oliveira, J.C.T. de [Sao Paulo Univ., Sao Carlos, SP (Brazil). Inst. de Fisica e Quimica

1984-12-31

This work describes the main steps for the development of the components of an one-kilowatt phosphoric acid H{sub 2}/O{sub 2} fuel cell stack. The electrochemical characteristics of fundamental components-electrodes and electrolyte-matrix have been evaluated in unitary fuel cell prototype by stationary polarization curves and continuous operation curves. The results confirmed the better efficiency of the hydrogen electrode and anticipated a very fair performance for the one-kilowatt stack. (author). 4 figs., 5 refs

Reporte de caso Adenocarcinoma de celulas basales de glandula parotida: estudio clinico/patologico e inmunohistoquimico

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Pedro Emilio García

Full Text Available Resumen: El adenocarcinoma de células basales es una neoplasia epitelial con las características citológicas del adenoma de células basales pero con un patrón morfológico de crecimiento infiltrante indicativo de malignidad. Debido a su baja incidencia es a menudo difícil de diagnosticar. El objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar características morfológicas e inmunohistoquímicas que contribuyen a su diagnóstico. Se resecó un tumor de parótida en una paciente de 52 años; se realizó biopsia postoperatoria e inmunomarcación con Ki-67, CK19, p63 y alfa actina de músculo liso. Se diagnosticó adenocarcinoma de células basales mixto sólido y tubular con invasión perineural y de la cápsula tumoral, grasa periglandular y nodos linfoides. La inmunomarcación con Ki-67, CK19, p63 y alfa actina de músculo liso resultó positiva. Posteriormente se diagnosticó una metástasis en seno maxilar. Las características morfológicas, la inmunomarcación Ki-67 positiva y la metástasis le dan el carácter maligno a este tumor, lo que lo diferencia del adenoma de células basales.

Electrochemical studies for an acid fuel cell; Estudos eletroquimicos de uma celula a combustivel acida

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gonzalez, E R; Avaca, L A; Ticianelli, E A; Ferreira, A C; Oliveira, J C.T. de [Sao Paulo Univ., Sao Carlos, SP (Brazil). Inst. de Fisica e Quimica

1985-12-31

This work describes the main steps for the development of the components of an one-kilowatt phosphoric acid H{sub 2}/O{sub 2} fuel cell stack. The electrochemical characteristics of fundamental components-electrodes and electrolyte-matrix have been evaluated in unitary fuel cell prototype by stationary polarization curves and continuous operation curves. The results confirmed the better efficiency of the hydrogen electrode and anticipated a very fair performance for the one-kilowatt stack. (author). 4 figs., 5 refs

Criopreservação de formas de cultura do Trypanosoma cruzi Cryopreservation of Trypanosoma cruzi culture form

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Lúcia Maria C. Galvão

1981-09-01

Full Text Available Formas de cultura de diferentes cepas do T.cruzi foram submetidas a vários processos de criopreservação. As percentagens de recuperação, avaliadas pela motilidade dos parasitas, foram consideradas como adequadas com algumas das técnicas empregadas, variando entre 60 a 80%. A estabilidade das características biológicas do material criopreservado foi investigada através do estudo das curvas de crescimento e diferenciação em meio acelular, infectividade para celulas de cultura de tecido ("Vero", diferenciação intracelular em cultura de tecido assim como infectividade e curso da infecção em animais de laboratório. De um modo geral essas características nao foram significativamente alteradas no material congelado e estocado por diferentes períodos de tempo.A systematic study of the cryopreservation of T. cruzi culture forms was per formed using different parasite strains and freezing methods. The recovery rates with some of the methods as evaluated by motility of the thawed parasites were fairly high (60-80%. The following aspects have been used to investigate the stability of the parasites' biological characteristics atter cryopreservation: growth and differentiation in acelular medium, infectivity to tissue culture "Vero" cells, intracellular differentiation and infectivity to animals. Those characteristics had not been significantly changed by the cryopreservation procedures.

Linfoma primario del sistema nervioso central en una paciente con lupus eritematoso sistémico

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C. N. Pisoni

2003-06-01

Full Text Available Se presenta una paciente de 36 años con diagnóstico de lupus eritematoso sistémico tratada con prednisona y ciclofosfamida que se internó por cefalea, hemiparesia y hemianestesia braquiocrural derecha de dos semanas de evolución. Se realizó una tomografía computada y una resonancia magnética nuclear de cerebro que mostraron una lesión nodular frontal izquierda. Se efectuó una biopsia a cielo abierto de la lesión cerebral cuyo diagnóstico histopatológico fue linfoma B de celulas grandes, difuso. Se inició radioterapia, no completó el tratamiento por complicaciones y falleció. Son muy pocos los casos publicados de linfoma primario del sistema nervioso central asociado a lupus eritematoso sistémico.A 36 year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus was admitted to our hospital with headache, brachiocrural hemiparesis and hemianesthesia. She had been treated with prednisone and cyclophosphamide. CT scan and MRI revealed a 15 mm nodular mass enhanced with gadolinium in left frontal convexity. CNS biopsy was performed and a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was diagnosed. She was treated with radiation therapy without response and died. There are few reports of erythematosus systemic lupus associated with primary central nervous system lymphoma.

Experiences with a small scale Solar/Wind pilot installation for basic electrification in the chilean altiplano

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sapiain, Raul; Ovalle, Ricardo; Torres, Ariel; Brockmeyer, Ricarda; Schmidt, Reinhold [Centro de Energias Renovables/Universidad de Tarapaca, Arica, (Chile); Meer, Andreas V. [Solar Institute, Juelich (Germany)

1997-12-31

Basic rural electrification programmes are already carried out in the rural areas of northern Chile by local communities and local governments using photovoltaic systems. Solar Home Systems, 12 VDC are installed for individual households while systems for schools, public lighting etc. are realized with bigger systems, 220 VAC. Within a cooperation with the Solar Institute of the Fachhochschule Juelich, Germany, the Renewable Energy Center of the University of Tarapaca designed, installed and evaluated the first solar/wind hybrid installation for basic electrification in northern Chile, realized in Colpitas, a typical small village in the chilean altiplano. The following paper presents results and experiences of this first pilot installation. [Espanol] Ya se estan llevando a cabo programas de electrificacion rural basica en las areas rurales del Norte de Chile por las comunidades y los gobiernos locales, usando sistemas fotovoltaicos. Se instalan Sistemas Domesticos Solares de 12VDC para casas-habitacion individuales, mientras que los sistemas para escuelas, alumbrado publico, etc., se ejecutan con sistemas mas grandes de 220VAC. Con la coperacion del Instituto Solar de la Fachhochschule en Julich, Alemania, el Centro de Energia Renovable de la Universidad de Tarapaca, diseno, instalo y evaluo, la primera instalacion hibrida solar/viento para electrificacion basica en el Norte de Chile, realizado en Colpitas, un pueblo tipico pequeno del altiplano chileno. El siguiete articulo presenta los resultados y experiencias de esta primera instalacion piloto.

DESIGN OF ALGORITHMS BASED ON BEHAVIOUR FOR THE CONTROL OF MINIBOTS // DISEÑO DE ALGORITMOS BASADOS EN COMPORTAMIENTOS PARA EL CONTROL DE MINIBOTS

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Maritza Bracho de Rodríguez

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Using the Distributed Artificial Intelligence and the Distributed Robotics as a frame of reference, in this work are designed, developed and implemented algorithms to control autonomous, mobile, reactive, rational, proactive and sociable small robots. These minibots are capable to exhibit behaviors inspired in biological societies. Through the development of this work it was found that if the robot has to perform simple tasks, a reactive architecture is more convenient, efficient and effective. While for the performance of tasks of medium or greater complexity, is recommend the use of a hybrid architecture that allows the incorporation of deliberative reasoning.// RESUMEN: Tomando como marco de referencia a la Inteligencia Artificial Distribuida y la Robótica Distribuida, en este trabajo se diseñan, desarrollan e implementan algoritmos para el control de pequeños robots autónomos, móviles, reactivos, racionales, proactivos y sociables. Estos minibots son capaces de exhibir comportamientos inspirados en las sociedades biológicas. En los resultados alcanzados durante el desarrollo de este trabajo se encontró que cuando el robot debe ejecutar tareas simples, la arquitectura reactiva es la más conveniente, eficiente y efectiva, mientras que para la ejecución de tareas de complejidad mediana o mayor, es más recomendable el uso de arquitecturas hibridas que permitan la incorporación de procesos deliberativos.

Exergoeconomic optimization of tetra-combined trigeneration system

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Juan Carlos Burbano J.

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Se pretende obtener configuraciones óptimas de sistemas de trig eneración para satisfacer demandas de electricidad y cargas tér micas de calentamiento y enfriamiento, evaluando el impacto de los costo s de producción de electricidad, vapor y agua fría. Un sistema de trigeneración produce electricidad, calor y enfriamiento usando esa electrici dad o calor disponible. Se hace énfasis en sistemas que usan re frigeración por absorción, incluyendo uno que usa refrigeración hibrida de abso rción eyectocompresión, llamado sistema tetracombinado de tri generación. La evaluación del desempeño de los sistemas se lleva a cabo med iante el análisis exergético y exergoeconómico de las alternati vas propuestas para determinar la eficiencia exergética y los costos exergétic os de la producción de las utili dades del sistema. Se usó el m étodo de Algoritmos Genéticos para la optimización de las plantas de trigeneración. La optimización muestra beneficios importantes en los costos e xergéticos de los productos por medio de la maximización de la eficiencia exergét ica de los diferentes sistemas.

Experiences with a small scale Solar/Wind pilot installation for basic electrification in the chilean altiplano

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sapiain, Raul; Ovalle, Ricardo; Torres, Ariel; Brockmeyer, Ricarda; Schmidt, Reinhold [Centro de Energias Renovables/Universidad de Tarapaca, Arica, (Chile); Meer, Andreas V [Solar Institute, Juelich (Germany)

1998-12-31

Basic rural electrification programmes are already carried out in the rural areas of northern Chile by local communities and local governments using photovoltaic systems. Solar Home Systems, 12 VDC are installed for individual households while systems for schools, public lighting etc. are realized with bigger systems, 220 VAC. Within a cooperation with the Solar Institute of the Fachhochschule Juelich, Germany, the Renewable Energy Center of the University of Tarapaca designed, installed and evaluated the first solar/wind hybrid installation for basic electrification in northern Chile, realized in Colpitas, a typical small village in the chilean altiplano. The following paper presents results and experiences of this first pilot installation. [Espanol] Ya se estan llevando a cabo programas de electrificacion rural basica en las areas rurales del Norte de Chile por las comunidades y los gobiernos locales, usando sistemas fotovoltaicos. Se instalan Sistemas Domesticos Solares de 12VDC para casas-habitacion individuales, mientras que los sistemas para escuelas, alumbrado publico, etc., se ejecutan con sistemas mas grandes de 220VAC. Con la coperacion del Instituto Solar de la Fachhochschule en Julich, Alemania, el Centro de Energia Renovable de la Universidad de Tarapaca, diseno, instalo y evaluo, la primera instalacion hibrida solar/viento para electrificacion basica en el Norte de Chile, realizado en Colpitas, un pueblo tipico pequeno del altiplano chileno. El siguiete articulo presenta los resultados y experiencias de esta primera instalacion piloto.

Development of solid oxide fuel cells; Desenvolvimento de celulas a combustivel do tipo oxido solido (SOFC)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Boaventura, Jaime S.; Alencar, Marcelo Goncalves F. de; Amaral, Alexandre Alves do; Benedicto, Joao Paulo Santos; Silva, Marcos A. [Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA (Brazil). Inst. de Quimica. Dept. de Fisico-Quimica

2006-07-01

Fuel cells allow the energy production without the thermodynamic restriction of the conversion of heat into work. Among their various types, the solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), operating at high temperatures, allow the methane conversion into electricity directly on the anode. The main element of the SOFC is the structure A/E/C: anode/electrolyte/cathode, all sintered at high temperature as resistant ceramic materials. Dense electrolyte (YSZ: zirconia stabilized for Yttria) separates the anode (Ni+Co/YSZ: cobalt promoted nickel, supported on YSZ) and cathode (LSM: strontium-doped lanthanum manganite), both with porosity obtained by graphite addition. To obtain suitable A/E/C pellets, the layer sintering with appropriate mechanical and textural characteristics is essential, requiring excellent electric junctions between them. The cell performance has been evaluated between 850 and 950 degree C, using hydrogen or methane fuel; the tension and current for different resistance values in the electrical circuit have been measured. The cobalt addition to the cell anode significantly increased its activity for the reform reaction. The beneficial effect was probably due to the easier nickel reduction in cobalt presence. This work had the objectives of developing and evaluating electro-catalysts, as well as the solid oxide fuel cells using these catalysts as anode. Five SOFC models (SOFC 1 to SOFC 5) are described; all of them were developed aiming at improving the preparation of the anode/electrolyte/cathode structure (A/E/C). (author)

Feasibility of biogas utilization in fuel cells; Viabilidade do uso de biogas em celulas a combustivel

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sprenger, Humberto Elias [Programa de Pos-graduacao em Desenvolvimento de Tecnologia (PRODETEC/LACTEC/IEP), Cutitiba, PR (Brazil); Cantao, Mauricio Pereira [Instituto de Tecnologia para o Desenvolvimento (LACTEC), Curitiba, PR (Brazil)], E-mail: mauricio.cantao@utp.br

2010-10-15

Waste water treatment stations using upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) produce biogas, composed of carbon dioxide diluted methane plus minority compounds. This kind of reactor is worthwhile but demands methane burning in order to reduce atmospheric pollution and damage to ozone layer. Meanwhile, biogas can be used for energy generation due to its heating value. In this paper a technical and economic feasibility study about the use of biogas as a hydrogen source for fuel cells feeding is presented. Two methods for assessment of biogas production in UASB reactor were compared for ETE Atuba Sul case. (author)

RESPON MASYARAKAT DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP LINGKUNGAN DARI PROGRAM SL-PTT PADI NON HIBRIDA DI KABUPATEN HULU SUNGAI SELATAN PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN

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Ria Normanita

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Increasing the productivity of rice through the approach of Sekolah Lapang Pengelolaan Tanaman Terpadu (SL-PTT is one of the strategies that is expected to provide a greater contribution to the national rice production. Based on the results of research, the public response to the program of SL-PTT Non Hybrid Rice in Hulu Sungai Selatan was in the high category (85.71%. Factors affecting the public response to the program were the information, the field guides, the assistance component whereas those having no effects to the public response were the education, the practice, and the application of PTT. The environmental impact of the program of SLPTT Non Hybrid Rice was positive in the economic aspect, which could create welfare for farmers implementing the program. The Social aspect giving a positve impact was  through the transmission of technology adoption that could be applied to non-rice farmers who lived around the area of SL-PTT. The negative impact was the social jealousy among the people who could all not get involved in the program of SL-PTT Non Hybrid Rice.

La evaluación alternativa y autentica en los ambientes de aprendizaje híbridos y a distancia / The alternative and authentique evaluation in the hybrid and distance learning environments

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Alejandra Fernández

2017-12-01

Full Text Available La evaluación del rendimiento es uno de los procesos críticos en la educación, que amerita profundizar la investigación y práctica, para hacer su aplicación más pedagógica y menos hacia el uso de tareas irrelevantes y a la medición, cuya aplicación al rendimiento de los alumnos persiste tanto en la educación presencial, como en los ambientes educativos híbridos y a distancia. Varios factores inciden en esta problemática como son: el aprecio institucional por la evaluación tradicional, la dificultad de evaluar en situaciones de aprendizaje con narrativas hibridas, el énfasis en la aplicación de pruebas finales y el uso de herramientas tecnológicas para evaluar. En este artículo se aborda el análisis didáctico, desde el diagnostico, de las aplicaciones tecnológicas de uso en la evaluación de la educación hibrida y a distancia , así como los aspectos críticos de la evaluación tradicional, con su énfasis objetivista, el uso de pruebas, la valoración de productos finales y la evaluación supeditada al control administrativo. Del diagnóstico y análisis didáctico, se genera una propuesta de cambios a partir de los supuestos de la evaluación alternativa y autentica, de ejecución y por competencias. Estas metodologías son claves para los cambios en la evaluación del rendimiento, al tomar en cuenta el real desempeño del estudiante para que responda a la realidad de su contexto, de manera relevante, más allá de la evaluación puramente académica. The evaluation of performance is one of the critical processes in education, which merits deepening research and practice, to make its application more pedagogical and less to the use of irrelevant tasks and measurement, whose application to student performance persists both in face-to-face education, as in hybrid and distance learning environments. Several factors affect this problem, such as: institutional appreciation for traditional assessment, difficulty in evaluating

Regeneracion osea por implante de celulas madre mesenquimales derivadas de tejido adiposo humano en un modelo animal

OpenAIRE

Linero Segrera, Itali Marcelly

2012-01-01

La reconstrucción y restauración de la función esquelética continúa siendo un reto en el campo de la cirugía maxilofacial y la ortopedia. Una alternativa o terapia coadyudante a los tratamientos convencionales es la ingeniería de tejidos que surge como una posibilidad prometedora para la regeneración del tejido óseo. Con el fin de crear un modelo para la aplicación clínica de las células madre mesenquimales derivadas de tejido adiposo humano (Ad-MSCs) desarrollamos una matriz tridimensi...

Development of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC); Desenvolvimento de celulas a combustivel do tipo oxido solido (SOFC)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Souza, F.M.B. de; Carvalho, L.F.V. de; Alencar, M.G de; Boaventura, J.S. [Universidade Federal da Bahia (DFQ/UFBA), Salvador, BA (Brazil). Dept de Fisico-Quimica. Grupo de energia e Ciencias dos Materiais], e-mail: bventura@ufba.br

2008-07-01

The most promising technology for generating electric power, with reduced environmental impact, is the fuel cell. This technology is virtually non-polluting and the fuel supplies can be renewable. Therefore is necessary to study the technique of preparing the entire anode / electrolyte / cathode to optimize its operation. There are still major challenges to making the SOFC economically viable. The key is the improvement of manufacturing of its components and use of materials that can simultaneously reduce costs and reduce the temperature of operation. Among the properties of the cell, was shown the dependence of the efficiency of the device on the properties of the electrolyte, particularly its thickness. The mixture of YSZ with GDC in the composition of the anode and electrolyte aims to obtain a material with greater ionic conductivity. After sintering the cell was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). (author)

Photostability Assessment in Amorphous-Silicon Solar Cells; Determinacion de la Fotoestabilidad en Celulas Solares de Silicio Amorfo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gandia, J. J.; Carabe, J.; Fabero, F.; Jimenez, R.; Rivero, J. M. [Ciemat, Madrid (Spain)

2000-07-01

The present status of amorphous-silicon-solar-cell research and development at CIEMAT requires the possibility to characterise the devices prepared from the point of view of their stability against sunlight exposure. Therefore a set of tools providing such a capacity has been developed. Together with an introduction to photovoltaic applications of amorphous silicon and to the photodegradation problem, the present work describes the process of setting up these tools. An indoor controlled-photodegradation facility has been designed and built, and a procedure has been developed for the measurement of J-V characteristics in well established conditions. This method is suitable for a kinds of solar cells, even for those for which no model is still available. The photodegradation and characterisation of some cells has allowed to validate both the new testing facility and method. (Author) 14 refs.

CARCINOMA ODONTOGÉNICO DE CELULAS CLARAS. ESTUDIO CLÍNICO, RADIOLÓGICO Y PATOLÓGICO DE UN CASO.

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Rosaura Rodríguez Flores

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Los tumores odontogénicos (TO son un grupo complejo y poco frecuente de neoplasias con características clínicas, radiológicas, histopatológicas y evolución muy variables. El Carcinoma odontogénico de células claras (COCC es una neoplasia maligna, de comportamiento agresivo variable que se presenta en maxilares. Histológicamente se constituye de nidos de células, frecuentemente de citoplasma claro, rico en glucógeno, rodeadas por bandas de colágena. Pertenece al grupo de los tumores odontogénicos epiteliales malignos. Se presenta el caso de un hombre de 57 años con un tumor en hueso y seno maxilar izquierdo, sometido a hemimaxilectomía subtotal izquierda. Los estudios de imagen demostraron una lesión destructiva mixta en maxilar y seno maxilar izquierdo y la histología reveló la imagen clásica de COCC y la inmunohistoquímica mostró inmunoreactividad para Queratina AE1/AE3, EMA y S-100 (focal. Se demostró abudante glucógeno mediante la reacción de PAS en el citoplasma de las células neoplásicas. El paciente ha tenido seguimiento por 5 años y está asintomático después de la cirugía sin tratamiento complementario con radioterapia.

IGF-II Y LA GONADOTROPINA CORIONICA REGULAN LA PROLIFERACION, MIGRACION E INVASION DE CELULAS DE TROFOBLASTO HUMANO.

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Ricardo Julian Cabezas-Perez

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Son conocidas las propiedades del factor de crecimiento similar a la insulina IGF-II y de la hormona Gonadotropina Coriónica (hCG en la implantación y migración trofoblástica, sin embargo los mecanismos a través de los cuales ejercen sus efectos no han sido identificados. El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer la interacción potencial entre los efectos funcionales de hCG y el IGF-II en la regulación de la proliferación, migración e invasión trofoblástica. Utilizando la línea celular HTR-8/SVneo de trofoblasto extravelloso se pudo demostrar que tanto IGF-II como hCG estimulan la proliferación y migración celular sin observarse efectos aditivos en sus acciones, lo cual es indicativo independencia de sus mecanismos. En contraste, la capacidad invasiva del trofoblasto fue regulada por IGF-II y hCG, dando como resultado efectos aditivos o un potencial sinergismo entre las dos hormonas. En conclusión, nuestros resultados muestran la existencia de interacciones entre las acciones biológicas de IGF-II y hCG en la regulación de la capacidad invasiva de células trofoblásticas y contribuyen al entendimiento de la biología del trofoblasto y de su malignización.

Studies of water electrolysis in polymeric membrane cells; Estudos de eletrolise aquosa em celulas de membrana polimerica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oliveira-Silva, M.A.; Linardi, M.; Saliba-Silva, A.M. [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil). Centro de Celulas a Combustivel e Hidrogenio

2010-07-01

Hydrogen represents great opportunity to be a substitute for fossil fuels in the future. Water as a renewable source of hydrogen is of great interest, since it is abundant and can decompose, producing only pure H{sub 2} and O{sub 2}. This decomposition of water can be accomplished by processes such as electrolysis, thermal decomposition and thermochemical cycles. The membrane electrolysis has been proposed as a viable process for hydrogen production using thermal and electrical energy derived from nuclear energy or any renewable source like solar energy. In this work, within the context of optimization of the electrolysis process, it is intended to develop a mathematical model that can simulate and assist in parameterization of the electrolysis performed by polymer membrane electrolytic cell. The experimental process to produce hydrogen via the cell membrane, aims to optimize the amount of gas produced using renewable energy with non-carbogenic causing no harm by producing gases deleterious to the environment. (author)

INTEGRACION DE UNA CELULA FLEXIBLE DE MECANIZADO, DE TIPO DOCENTE INTEGRATION OF A EDUCATIONAL FLEXIBLE MANUFACTURING CELL

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Abraham Farias F

2007-04-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo trata sobre la integración de una célula flexible de mecanizado de tipo docente, compuesta por una fresadora didáctica CNC, marca Denford, un brazo robótico articulado de seis ejes, modelo Scorbot -ER Vplus  y un riel deslizante; todos pertenecientes al Laboratorio de Manufactura Integrada por Computador, de la Escuela de Ingeniería Mecánica de la Universidad de Talca. Las tareas que realiza esta célula flexible son controladas por un PC director  a través de un  programa, utilizando el software y el propio control del robot y su objetivo es realizar el ciclo de carga y descarga de un  trozo de material de 65×65×40 mm. (madera y su posterior mecanización. El problema de comunicación entre los equipos involucrados y la fresadora CNC fue resuelto en cuanto su diseño "stand alone" no contemplaba la integración con otros equipos. Por otro lado, se agregaron algunos sistemas electroneumáticos para que la operación fuera automática, como los de sujeción de piezas y la apertura y cierre de puertas. Con esta célula flexible de mecanizado de tipo docente, la facultad de Ingeniería cuenta con una plataforma básica, a la que se puede adicionar otras funciones, como por ejemplo, dotarla de un sistema automático de alimentación de piezas, de un sistema de visión digital para dar más autonomía al robot, incorporar un torno CNC y  generar un programa para administrar las órdenes de trabajo.This paper describes the integration of an educational flexible manufacturing cell, consisting of a Denford CNC mill with six axes, and a Scorbot - ER Vplus robotic arm that slides along a rail. This equipment is located at the Computer Integrated Manufacture Laboratory, at the School of Mechanical Engineering at Universidad de Talca. The flexible cell is controlled by software in a PC that interacts with the software in the robotic arm. The specific tasks described in this paper are loading and unloading a wooden piece (640×65×40 and to mechanizing the piece. One difficulty solved in this work was the potential communication problem between the control equipment CNC mill, since the original, stand-alone design did not admit integration with other controllers. In addition, electro-pneumatic devices were added to permit automatic operation of the system in situations such as gripping the piece and opening the mill door. This basic platform gives the possibility of adding new functions and equipment, such as automatic loading of work pieces, digital reading systems, a CNC lathe and a work order information system.

Perovskites synthesis for solid oxide fuel cells; Sintese de perovsquitas para celulas a combustivel de oxido solido

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Soares, Sibelle F.C.X.; Melo, Dulce M.A.; Pimentel, Patricia M.; Melo, Marcus A. Freitas; Martinelli, Daniele M.H. [Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN (Brazil). Dept. de Quimica]. E-mail: sibelle.cunha@gmail

2008-07-01

This work aims to study on the obtaining powders of lanthanum manganite oxides with partial substitution of La with strontium at 20% for the application as a cathode for solid oxide fuel cell, through a route of synthesis that are similar to the Pechini method, in which gelatin replaces the ethylene glycol as polymerization agent. The method highlights itself due to its simplicity, low cost and capability to obtain crystalline powders with the high purity and good stoichiometric control. The perovskite obtained were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, X ray diffraction, electronic scanning microscopy and the superficial area by BET method. The deposition of the perovskite on electrolyte/anode system was done through the spin coating technique. The methodology used for the perovskite synthesis was very efficient, considering a monophasic material was obtained and with characteristics that were proper to the application as electrode to solid oxide fuel cells. (author)

Os Sino-moçambicanos da Beira. Mestiçagens Várias The Sino-Mozambicans of Beira. Cross-cultural encounters

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Eduardo Medeiros

2012-02-01

Full Text Available Trocas multiculturais em contextos coloniais moçambicanos, envolvendo referências identitárias africanas, europeias e asiáticas, constituem o foco analítico do presente texto. A observação de processos de miscigenação (biológica e sobretudo cultural registados nos séculos XIX e XX, em Moçambique colonial e também em alguns espaços da diáspora deste país, sugerem que a ideologia colonial de «separatismos culturais» e de gestão manipulativa das diferenças socioculturais entre populações africanas, chinesas, indianas e portuguesas não conseguiu suplantar os processos espontâneos de hibridação e de transculturação das comunidades consideradas, gerando continuamente novas identidades e, com elas, também novas tensões e recomposições sociais.The focus of this article is on cross-cultural encounters, involving African, European and Asian identities, that occurred in colonial Mozambique in the 19th and 20th. It suggests that the colonial ideology of «cultural separatism» and the manipulative mana­gement of socio-cultural differences between African, Chinese, Indian and Portuguese populations did not succeed in supplanting the spontaneous processes of hybridization and transculturation of these communities. It generated continuously new identities and, with them, also new tensions and social recompositions.

Análise dialélica parcial em gerações avançadas para seleção de populações segregantes de trigo

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Adérico Júnior Badaró Pimentel

2013-12-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar, em gerações avançadas, os efeitos da capacidade geral e específica de combinação de genitores de trigo, bem como selecionar populações segregantes superiores. Doze genitores e suas 36 populações nas gerações F2 e F3, obtidas em arranjo de dialelo parcial, foram avaliados quanto à produtividade de grãos. Utilizou-se o delineamento em látice 7x7, com duas repetições, mais um tratamento para completar o látice. O efeito de capacidade geral de combinação foi significativo, nas duas gerações. Observou-se alta correlação (0,83 dos efeitos de capacidade geral de combinação entre gerações, mas inexpressiva influência dos efeitos de gerações e de anos na classificação dos cruzamentos. As populações provenientes do cruzamento entre os genitores BRS 254, BRS 264 e IAC 364 (Tucuruí III e os genitores MGS 1 Aliança, VI 98053 e UFVT 1 Pioneiro apresentam maior potencial para obtenção de linhagens superiores, quanto à produtividade de grãos. O uso da análise dialélica parcial em gerações avançadas é promissor para programas de melhoramento de trigo por hibridação.

Radiographic and tomographic evaluation of total hybrid hip replacement in dogs; Avaliacao radiografica e tomografica de caes submetidosa artroplastia coxofemoral total hibrida

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Minto, B.W., E-mail: brunowminto@gmail.com [Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP (Brazil); Brandao, C.V.S.; Pereira, G.J.C.; Babicsak, V.R.; Vulcano, L.C.; Rossetto, V.J.V. [Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Botucatu, SP (Brazil)

2016-11-15

The total hip arthroplasty is the most effective surgical technique for the treatment of severe canine hip dysplasia. Currently, the radiographic examination is the most common method used to assess this procedure in dogs, but has some limitations. CT scan by computed tomography instead enables the acquisition of images without overlap, thereby determining the positioning of prosthetic components with greater accuracy. This research aimed to evaluate by radiography and CT scan examinations the use of a hybrid modular total hip prosthesis developed and made in Brazil, applied experimentally in healthy dogs. Six skeletally mature dogs, which previously underwent surgery on the left hip joint were used. The dogs underwent CT scan at 360 days and three years after surgery. All animals showed good positioning of prosthetic components, and proper joint reduction. In the CT scan, however, it was possible to detect irregular fill areas in some animals. In addition, CT scan allowed the detection and monitoring of areas of bone resorption around the acetabular component. Therefore, the CT scan was useful in the evaluation of prosthetic joints, with the advantage of optimum sharpness of the images and allowing for the possibility of quantifying peri-prosthetic changes and measure joint, fundamental relations for late postoperative follow-up. (author)

Epistemology And The Problem Of Cultural Hybridity In Muhammad Iqbal’s Thought

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Hawasi Hawasi

2015-12-01

hasil dari paradigma positivistik  tersebut  yang  kehilangan  kesakralannya  sebagai  ilmu.  Oleh  karena  itu  paradigma  ini mendapatkan  serangan  filosofis  tidak  hanya  dari  pemikir  Barat  pascamodernisme  namun  juga  dari pemikir  pribumi  yang  pernah  mengalami  penjajahan  dan  imperialisme  Barat.  Salah  satu  pemikir Muslim yang mengritik hegemoni pemikiran Barat terhadap kebudayaan dan peradaban Islam adalah Muhammad Iqbal. Bagi Iqbal, selama beberapa abad lamanya pemikir Muslim tidak mampu berfikir secara  Qurani  akibat  cara  pandang  mereka  yang  melihat  Islam  dari  kacamata  filsafat  Yunani  yang cenderung hanya bersifat rasional-spekulatif. Pemikiran Yunani telah menghegemoni pemikiran Islam begitu  lama  sehingga  perlu  didekonstruksi.  Dalam  perspektif  pasca  kolonial  (postcolonial,  usaha Iqbal  untuk  mendekolonisasi  epistemologi  rasional-spekulatif  Barat  sejak  Plato  hingga  Descartes, menghadapi sikap yang ambivalen. Pengalaman penjajahan Inggris di India yang pernah dialami Iqbal membentuk kultur hibrida dalam proyeknya merekonstruksi pemikiran Islam dalam kaitannya dengan pemikiran Barat. Dengan demikian, Iqbal mencoba menjembatani jurang antara pemikiran rasional- spekulatif Barat dengan kecenderungan mistik-religius pemikiran Islam sebagai upaya mencari “Ruang Ketiga” melalui mimikri sebagai konsekuensi dari interaksi budaya antara penjajah dan terjajah. Kata-Kata Kunci: dekolonisasi epistemologi, budaya hibrida, epistemologi Islam, Ruang Ketiga.

Experimental study of proton exchange membrane fuel cell; Estudo experimental de uma celula a combustivel de membrana polimerica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Acevedo, Luis Evelio Garcia; Oliveira, Amir Antonio Martins [Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis, SC (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia Mecanica], e-mail: evelio@labcet.ufsc.br, e-mail: amirol@emc.ufsc.br

2006-07-01

Here we present a thermodynamic and chemical kinetic analysis of the methane steam reforming for production of 5 kw of electrical power in a PEM fuel cell. The equilibrium analysis is based on the method of element potentials to find the state of minimum Gibbs free energy for the system and provides the equilibrium concentration of the reforming products. The objective of this analysis is to obtain the range of reforming temperature, pressure and steam-methane molar ratio that results in maximum hydrogen production subjected to low carbon monoxide production and negligible coke formation. The thermal analysis provides the heat transfer rates associated with the individual processes of steam production, gas-phase superheating and reforming necessary to produce 5 kw of electrical power in a PEM fuel cell and allows for the calculation of thermal efficiencies. Then, the chemical reaction pathways for hydrogen production in steam reforming are discussed and the available chemical, adsorption and equilibrium constants are analyzed in terms of thermodynamic consistency. This analysis provides the framework for the reactor sizing and for establishing the adequate operation conditions. (author)

Evaluation of sulphonated polycarbonate membranes for fuel cells; Avaliacao de membranas de policarbonato sulfonado para celulas a combustivel

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Machado, Isabela M.M.; Gomes, Ana C.; Pessan, Luiz A. [Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos (UFSCAR), SP (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia de Materiais], e-mail: isabelamuglia@gmail.com; Paranhos, Caio [Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos (UFSCAR), SP (Brazil). Dept. de Quimica

2011-07-01

Fuel cells based on ion conducting polymer membranes offer an alternative for the conventional energetic matrices. Among many advantages of this system, we can mention the reduction on the emission of pollutants, high efficiency and simplicity. This work presents the modification of polycarbonate by sulfonation reaction using acetyl sulfate, in order to increase the conductor ionic character of the membranes used as electrolytes for hydrogen fuel cells. The sulfonated polycarbonate membranes were obtained by casting and then characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, water vapor transmission, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis and viscosimetry. (author)

Nonhemocyte sources of selected lysosomal enzymes in Biomphalaria glabrata, B. tenagophila and B. straminea (Mollusca: Pulmonata

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Gary E. Rodrick

1981-09-01

Full Text Available The specific activities of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, β-glucuronidase, lysozymes, glutamate-oxalacetate transaminase and glutamate-pyruvate transaminate were determined in the head-foot and digestive gland of Brazilian Biomphalaria glabrata (Touros, B. tenagophila (Caçapava and B. straminea (Monsenhor Gil. All six enzymes were detected inthe 3000g supernatant. Both cytoplasmic enzymes, glutamate-oxalacetate and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase exhibited the highest specific activities. In the case of the four hydrolytic enzymes assayed, β-glucuronidase exhibited the highest specific activity while lysozyme showed the lowest activity. All six enzymes are thought to be produced by cells within the head-foot and digestive gland of B. glabrata, B. tenagophila and B. straminea.Foram determinadas, na massa cefalopedal e na glândula digestiva de Biomphalaria glabrata de Touros (Rio Grande do Norte B. tenagophila de Cacapava (Sao Paulo e B. straminea de Monsenhor Gil (Piauí, as atividades específicas das seguintes enzimas: fosfatase acida, fosfatase alcalina, beta-glucuronidase, lisozima, transaminase glutâmico-oxalacetica e transaminase glutâmico-piruvica. As seis enzimas referidas foram detectadas no sobrenadante a 3000g. Ambas as enzimas citoplasmaticas - transaminases glutamico-oxalacetica e glutamico-piruvica - mostraram as atividades específicas mais altas. No caso das quatro enzimas hidrolíticas, a beta-glucuronidase revelou a mais alta atividade específica, enquanto a lisozima revelou a mais baixa. E admitido que todas as seis enzimas sao produzidas por celulas presentes na massa cefalopedal e na glândula digestiva das tres especies de moluscos examinadas.

Effects of juvenile hormone analogue on ecdysis prevention induced by precocene in Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae

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Patricia de Azambuja

1984-12-01

Full Text Available Precocene II, added to the meal of fourth-instar larvae of Rhodnius prolixus (25 mug/ml of blood, induced an in crease in the duration of the molting cycle. This effect was related to the decrease of both the nuclear area of the prothoracic gland cells and the mitotic activity in epidermal cellS. juvenile hormone analogue applied topically (60 mug/insect together with Precocene II treatment avoided atrophy of the prothoracic glands and induced a higher number of epidermal mitosis accelerating the time of subsequent ecdysis. A possible relationship between juvenile hormone and production of ecdysone is discussed.Adicionado ao sangue alimentar na dose de 25 mug/ml o precoceno II causou um aumento no período de intermuda em ninfas de 4o. estadio de Rhodnius prolixus. Este atraso da muda foi relacionado com a diminuição da área dos núcleos das celulas das glandulas protoracicas e com a queda da atividade mitotica das células da epiderme do inseto. Um análogo de hormônio juvenil aplicado topicamente (60 mug/inseto junto com o tratamento oral com precoceno II preveniu a atrofia das glândulas protorácicas e induziu um aumento no número de mitoses nas células da epiderme, diminuindo o período de intermuda nestes insetos.A possivel relação entre a ação do hormônio juvenil e a producao de ecdisona pelas glândulas protorácicas e discutida.

Metaplasia mieloide do baço na Ancilostomose

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W. O. Cruz

1934-06-01

Full Text Available Pesquizamos, no figado e baço de dez casos puros de ancilostomose, elementos hemocitopoieticos; verificamos o peso do baço em 23 casos de individuos com idades compreendidas entre 3 e 60 anos; não encontramos, em nenhum caso, celulas hemoformadoras no figado. Em sete casos, encontramos, no baço, elementos da série vermelha em adiantado estado de evolução (eritroblastos ortocromaticos de nucleo picnotico. Em alguns destes casos observamos megacariocitos e numerosos mielocitos eosinofilos. Os tres casos que não apresentavam metaplasia mieloide no baço, eram os de individuos acima de 50 anos de idade. Entretanto, em outro caso de um individuo com 59 anos esta metaplasia foi verificada. Em individuos acima de 20 anos, o peso médio do baço, em nove casos, mostrou-se igual ao peso normal. Em 14 casos, compreendidos entre 3 e 14 anos, o peso deste orgão foi sempre sensivelmente mais elevado que nos normais de idade correspondente. Estes resultados sugerem a possibilidade de ser a metaplasia mieloide responsavel pelos aumentos de pezo nos baços de individuos jovens, vitimados pela anemia ancilostomica. A notavel proliferação dos eritroblastos ortocromaticos mostra que o grão e a rapidez da regeneração sanguinea, após a administração de ferro, são devidos, essencialmente, á grande quantidade de hemoglobina já preformada no baço e na medula ossea dos organismos ancilostomados.

Microstructural characterization of hybrid CFRP/SiC composites; Caracterizacao microestrutural de compositos de fibras de carbono com matriz hibrida de Carbono/SiC

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Von Dollinger, C.F.A.; Pardini, L.C., E-mail: Christian.dcta@gmail.com [Instituto de Aeronautica e Espaco (DCTA/IAE), Sao Jose dos Campos, SP (Brazil). Departamento de Ciencia e Tecnologia Aeroespacial; Pazini, J.C. [Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), Lorena, SP (Brazil); Alves, S.C.N. [Universidade Federal de Itajuba (UNIFEI), MG (Brazil)

2016-07-01

In present work a hybrid matrix C-C/SiC composites were produced. Carbon fiber fabric was impregnated with phenolic resin mixed with powder Si in proportions of 5%, 10%, 15% e 20%wt. Optical microscopy under reflected light and polarized light were used in order to characterize samples in the as molded condition and after carbonization at 1000°C, and heat treatment 1600°C in order to react carbon and liquid silicon in order to form in situ SiC . The pore volume fraction ranges from 33% to 41% for composites after heat treatment at 1600°C due to volatiles released specially during carbonization process. Complementary analyses were done by Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray diffraction to confirm in situ conversion of SiC. The results showed that the impregnation of a carbon fabric with phenolic resin added with silicon proved to be an alternative route to produce CFRP/SiC composites. (author)

Transference and natural gas distribution system analysis utilizing hybrid modelling; Analise de sistemas de transferencia e distribuicao de gas natural utilizando modelagem hibrida

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Calvo, Robson A.; Martinkoski, Ricardo [Centro Federal de Educacao Tecnologica do Parana (CEFET), Curitiba, PR (Brazil); Neves Junior, Flavio [Centro Federal de Educacao Tecnologica do Parana (CEFET), Curitiba, PR (Brazil). Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Engenharia Eletrica e Informatica Industrial

2003-07-01

The objective of this article is to apply techniques of formal specification in modelling of natural gas transmission and distribution systems. In this case the formal models are characterized by using hybrid automata. Initially the existent components in the net are modeled and represented by independent hybrid automata. The global dynamics is obtained through the product hybrid automata. Languages representing the desirable states of the system are obtained from the hybrid automata, allowing a hybrid control procedure. An automatic tool as SHIFT must be used to modelling and simulation. (author)

Recovery of Mice Thymus after X-Rays and 15 MeV Electrons. Comparative Study of the Cell Population Using Tritiated Thymidine; Regeneration du Thymus chez la Souris Apres Irradiation par des Rayons X et des Electrons de 15 MeV. Etude Comparee de la Population Cellulaire a l'Aide de Thymidine Tritiee; 0412 043e 0414 ; Restauracion del Timo de los Ratones Despues de Irradiarlo con Rayos X y Electrones de 15 MeV. Estudio Comparativo de la Poblacion Celular Utilizando Timidina Tritiada

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Biagini, C.; Paleani Vettori, P. G.; Zito Bignami, R. [Istituto di Radiologia dell' Universita and Comitato Nazionale per l' Energia Nucleare, Rome (Italy)

1962-02-15

mamiferos por rayos X de 150 kVp y por electrones de 15 MeV emitidos por un betatron. En la memoria se exponen los resultados de un estudio autorradiografico sobre el comportamiento de diferentes clases de celulas del timo de los ratones, en el que se ha utilizado timidina tritiada como precursor del acido desoxirribonucleico. Los datos se relacionan con las modificaciones de la distribucion de tamanos en la poblacion celular y con el peso del organo. Despues de la irradiacion, aumenta la razon macrocitos/microcitos y la incorporacion de timidina tritiada disminuye tanto en los linfocitos grandes como en los pequenos. Durante la fase en que los efectos se manifiestan con mayor intensidad, no se observan diferencias significativas entre los rayos X y los electrones en cuanto al tamano de las celulas o la marcacion de los macrocitos. En la marcacion de los microcitos se advierte una variacion relativa que concuerda con los datos referentes al peso del organo y que puede estar relacionada con el valor de la EBR de los electrones rapidos. En la fase de restauracion, las celulas menos diferenciadas proliferan activamente, pero el porcentaje de linfocitos maduros sigue siendo bajo. Despues de la exposicion a electrones de 15 MeV, la actividad de proliferacion de los macrocitos aumenta, segun la curva de la atrofia del timo en funcion del tiempo. A juzgar por estos resultados, la capacidad de regeneracion parece estar relacionada con la gravedad de la lesion de las celulas primitivas; para una dosis determinada, esta ultima es mayor cuando la irradiacion se efectua con rayos X que cuando se realiza con electrones. (author) [Russian] Mehanizm vosstanovlenija posle ostrogo radiacionnogo porazhenija mozhet byt' izuchen pri pomoshhi ispol'- zovanija radiacii dvuh vidov s nebol'shoj raznicej v zhestkoj otnositel'noj biologicheskoj jeffektivnosti, no so znachitel'nymi rashozhdenijami rezul'tatov v faze vosstanovlenija. Na osnovanii nabljudenij pri predydushhih onpytah zto usldovie

De Desdêmona a Capitu: Machado de Assis lê Shakespeare

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Stélio Furlan

2017-08-01

Full Text Available Investigar a produção crítica machadiana, a partir da segunda metade do século XIX, como uma tentativa de definição teórica da crítica literária no Brasil é o que se pretende com este artigo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa sobre as condições de possibilidade da prática crítica, passando pela noção de valor (estratégia significante, pela questão do cânone e pelos processos de hibridação, modus operandi por excelência do discurso crítico machadiano. Nesse sentido, pretende-se refletir sobre a recepção do teatro shakespeariano nos ensaios críticos de Machado de Assis enquanto estratégia discursiva para a análise de O Primo Basílio, de Eça de Queirós (studium. E, como desdobramento lógico, cumpre discorrer sobre o trabalho da citação de Otelo, de Shakespeare, não só como “fonte” para o enredo de Dom Casmurro (1899, considerado “o mais subtil e genial romance de língua portuguesa” (LOURENÇO, 2015, p. 143, mas também para a gestação de Capitu, a personagem de ficção mais oblíqua e enigmática da textualidade machadiana (punctum.

Cruzamentos em citros: freqüência e vigor de híbridos

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Walter dos Santos Soares Filho

2007-08-01

Full Text Available Líder mundial, a citricultura brasileira compreende aproximadamente 270 milhões de plantas, distribuídas em mais de 900 mil ha. Vulnerável, devido ao uso excessivo do limoeiro 'Cravo' (Citrus limonia na sustentação de seus pomares, exige urgência em um programa de diversificação de porta-enxertos. Nesse sentido, a Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura Tropical vem executando, no Recôncavo Baiano, um programa de hibridações visando a criar novas variedades, principalmente porta-enxertos, adaptadas a diferentes regiões geográficas do País, com ênfase no Nordeste. Considerando os caracteres altura da planta e diâmetro do caule, foram analisados 554 seedlings (plantas oriundas de sementes ou pés-francos híbridos, dentro de 38 progênies obtidas de cruzamentos envolvendo Citrus e gêneros afins, com destaque para Poncirus. Os híbridos foram levados a campo entre agosto de 1995 e julho de 2000, em conformidade com as épocas de suas obtenções. O citrangeiro (C. sinensis x P. trifoliata 'Argentina' destacou-se como importante parental masculino na produção de híbridos. As tangerineiras 'Sunki (C. sunki Comum', 'Sunki da Flórida', 'King' (C. nobilis, 'Clementina (C. clementina de Nules' e 'Clementina Palazelli' podem dar formação a progênies vigorosas. Seedlings híbridos de 'Sunki' e 'King' podem ser tão ou mais vigorosos que seedlings nucelares dessas tangerineiras.

Divergência entre genótipos de soja, cultivados em várzea irrigada

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Elonha Rodrigues dos Santos

2011-12-01

Full Text Available A divergência genética é um dos mais importantes parâmetros avaliados por melhoristas de plantas, na fase inicial de um programa de melhoramento genético. Diante disso, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar, por meio de técnicas multivariadas, a divergência genética entre 48 genótipos de soja, cultivados em várzea irrigada no Estado do Tocantins, com o intuito de identificar as combinações mais promissoras para produzir recombinações superiores, tanto destinados a produção de óleo e farelo, como do grupo especial, destinados ao consumo humano. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Formoso do Araguaia, TO, em cultivo de várzea irrigada na entressafra de 2010. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Verificou-se variabilidade entre os genótipos testados. Os resultados dos métodos de agrupamento de Tocher, UPGMA e Variáveis Canônicas foram concordantes entre si e detectaram quatro grupos distintos. As seguintes hibridações são promissoras para produção de grãos de soja destinados a óleo e farelo: M-Soy 8766, M-Soy 9144, A 7002 e M-Soy 9056 com Amaralina e cruzamentos entre M-Soy 8766, M-Soy 9144 e Amaralina com BRSMG 790A, BRS 257, BRS 216 e BRS 213 e são indicados visando a genótipos de soja especiais para alimentação humana.

Resistência à podridão parda em pessegueiro

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Juliano dos Santos

2012-01-01

Full Text Available A podridão parda, causada por Monilinia fructicola, é a mais importante doença fúngica do pessegueiro, principalmente em áreas quentes e úmidas, como a região produtora de pêssegos no Sul do Brasil. A resistência genética é a forma mais eficiente de controle da doença, além de reduzir o custo de produção e o impacto ambiental. A cultivar Bolinha, considerada padrão de resistência à doença, produz frutos de baixa qualidade e suas flores não têm a mesma resistência ao fungo. Este trabalho teve como objetivo buscar novas fontes de resistência a esta doença. Além da cultivar Bolinha, foram submetidos à inoculação com suspensão de 1 x 10(5 conídios mL-1 do patógeno, flores de 11 seleções de pessegueiro, frutos de 12 seleções e 20 plantas de cinco "seedlings" oriundos de hibridações. Os resultados indicaram que a seleção Conserva 930 e a cultivar Jubileu foram as que tiveram maior nível de resistência nas flores. Frutos das seleções Conserva 1798, Conserva 1596, Conserva 1218 e Cascata 1493 proporcionaram níveis de resistência semelhantes aos da cultivar Bolinha, e destas, apenas a Conserva 1798 manteve o mesmo desempenho em estádio mais avançado de infecção por M. fructicola.

A globalização vista do norte e do sul: quais os seus mecanismos sociais?

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Olivier Giraud

Full Text Available Procura-se, neste artigo, definir a globalização a partir da identificação de uma série de mecanismos sociais por meio dos quais essa age diretamente sobre os comportamentos individuais e coletivos ou ainda sobre a maneira de pensar, as crenças, as identidades, as formas de institu-cionalização, etc. O que constitui a especificidade da globalização é justamente o fato de ser um fenômeno social que se manifesta em todo o planeta. Será que os mecanismos específicos que caracterizam o funcionamento da globalização são aplicáveis nas mesmas condições nas sociedades que apresentam fortes diferenças como é o caso das sociedades do Norte e do Sul? Diferentes mecanismos ligados ao reforço da competição econômica internacional e às suas conseqüências sobre o sistema de proteção social, ou ainda ligados à difusão de normas e de práticas políticas no contexto da globalização, serão abordados em seguida. De forma mais sistemática, quatro cenários convergência, divergência, hibridação e recomposição das hierarquias internacionais serão apresentados no contexto de uma análise comparativa dos efeitos da globalização nas sociedades do Sul e do Norte.

Effects on the work of a direct ethanol fuel cell as function of compacting force applied to the cell; Efeitos no funcionamento de uma celula a combustivel com alimentacao direta de etanol (CCADE) em funcao da forca de compactacao aplicada a celula

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Belchior, P.M.; Forte, M.M.C. [UFRGS - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS (Brazil); Serafin, R.; Fusiger, V.; Carpenter, D. [FURB - Fundacao Universidade Regional de Blumenau, SC (Brazil)

2010-07-01

This experiment aimed to verify the influence due to the variation of the compacting force applied to a DEFC. According to the tests, as the increase of cell compacting, the performance improves significantly. According applied tests, when the high electrical conductivity components are used, small differences of the cell compacting can generate a large difference on the total ohmic resistance. Through the tests one can conclude that with the increase of cell compacting, the contact probably increase among the distribution of reagents and the diffuser layer, improving the cell performance. (author)

Experimental analysis of a PEM fuel cell 15 W; Analise experimental de uma celula a combustivel PEM 15W

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Miyake, Raphael Guardini; Bazzo, Edson [Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis, SC (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia Mecanica. Lab. de Combustao e Engenharia de Sistemas Termicos], e-mail: miyake@labcet.ufsc.br, e-mail: ebazzo@emc.ufsc.br

2006-07-01

Fuel cells have been considered a promising alternative for electric energy generation. In order to contribute with the development of this technology, a PEM fuel cell was installed and new experiments were carried out at LabCET (Laboratory of Combustion and Thermal System Engineering). Previous results have shown polarization curves identifying the need of rigorous controlling of humidification temperature of the fuel cell. In this paper, new results were carried out considering the use of a fan connected to the fuel cell and possible degradation in the electrolyte, after a relative long time operation. New polarization curves were plotted for comparison with previous results. (author)

Implementation of a photovoltaic/electrolyzer/fuel cell autonomous system; Implementacao de um sistema autonomo fotovoltaico/eletrolisador/celula a combustivel

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Silva, Ennio Peres da; Apolinario, Fernando Rezende; Furlan, Andre Luis [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (IFGW/UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Inst. de Fisica Gleb Wataghin. Lab. de Hidrogenio], Emails: lh2ennio@ifi.unicamp.br, rezende@ifi.unicamp.br; Souza, Rubem Cesar Rodrigues [Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM (Brazil). Centro de Desenvolvimento Energetico Amazonico], Email: rubem_souza@yahoo.com.br; Pinto, Adailton de Souza [Centrais Eletricas do Norte do Brasil S.A. (ELETRONORTE), Brasilia, DF (Brazil)], Email: adailton@eln.gov.br

2006-07-01

This article presents a project whose main objective is to analyze the technical feasibility of using a system based on the production of hydrogen (H{sub 2}) for storing the energy generated for photovoltaic systems. The work involves the design, physical implementation and the performance evaluation of a system for hydrogen electrolytic generation with solar-photovoltaic energy, the treatment os gas, its storage and it use in fuel cell systems. This work will be performed in cooperation between researchers from the Laboratorio de Hidrogenio (LH2) of the UNICAMP and of the Centro de Desenvolvimento Energetico Amazonico (CDEAM) of the UFAM, and is financing by ELETRONORTE.

Poly (ether ether ketone) membranes for fuel cells; Membranas de poli (eter eter cetona) sulfonado para celulas a combustivel

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Marrero, Jacqueline C.; Gomes, Ailton de S.; Filho, Jose C.D., E-mail: jacquecosta@gmail.com [Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Hui, Wang S. [Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil); Oliveira, Vivianna S. de [Escola Tecnica Rezende-Rammel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2015-07-01

Polymeric membranes were developed using a SPEEK polymer matrix (sulphonated poly (ether ether ketone)), containing hygroscopic particles of zirconia (Zr) (incorporated by sol-gel method), for use as electrolyte membranes in fuel cells. SPEEK with different sulfonation degrees were used: 63 and 86%. The thermal analysis (TGA and DSC) was carried out to characterize the membranes and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was carried out to evaluating the proton conductivity of the membranes. Additional analysis were underway in order to characterize these membranes, which include: X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in order to evaluate the influence of zirconia and sulfonation degree on the properties of the membranes. (author)

Interaccion de promastigotes de Leishmania donovani con celulas de exudado peritonial de ratones mediante la influencia de la quimotripsina

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Lucila Arcay

1986-06-01

Full Text Available Se hace un estudio de la interacción de promastigotes de Leishmania donovani con células de exudado peritoneal de ratón (c e p mediante la influencia de la quimotripsina. La adhesión de los promastigotes a las c e p fue terminal y marginal, y en observaciones hechas a partir de los 10 minutos de enfrentamiento, esta adhesión fue nula hasta los 30 minutos en el grupo tratado, y sólo a las das horas hubo un pequeño incremento (2.4% con respecto al control. Se observa marcada disminución en todos los parámetro medidos, tales como enlace, penetración, multiplicación intracelular, división de formas flageladas, en el grupo tratado. La quimotripsina favorece la formación de formas intermedias flageladas, heciendose el parásito piriforme y esférico, apareciendo una forma aberrante de extremo anterior cilindrico que semeja a una forma coanoflagelada. Se sospecha que la enzima reduce efectivamente fragmentos proteicos o péptidos, los cuales pueden haber sido tan pequeños como para esconder a otros ligandos relacionados con la adhesión macrófago-parásito.

Unconventional cells of TiO2 doped with erbium; Celulas nao convencionais de TiO2 dopado com erbio

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ribeiro, P.C.; Campos, R.D.; Oliveira, A.S.; Wellen, R., E-mail: pollyana@cear.ufpb.edu.br [Universidade Federal da Paraiba (UFPB), Joao Pessoa, PB (Brazil); Diniz, V.C.S.; Costa, A.C.F.M. da [Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG), PB (Brazil). Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais

2016-07-01

The technology used in TiO{sub 2} solar cells is in constant improvement, new configurations have been developed, aiming practicality and leading to efficiency increase of photovoltaic devices. This paper proposes a new technology for the production of solar cells in order to investigate a better utilization of solar spectrum of TiO2 doped with erbium (Er{sup 3+}), proven by energetic conversion. The Ti{sub 0,9}Er{sub 0,1}O2 system was obtained by Pechini method. Nanoparticles have a crystallite size 65.30 nm and surface area 118.48 m{sup 2}/g. These characteristics are essential for the formation of the film to be deposited on the conductive glass substrate constituting the cell's photoelectrode. The other side of the cell is the platinum counter electrode. The cell will have the faces sealed by a thermoplastic and, finally the electrolyte will be inserted, then they will be electrically evaluated through energy efficiency and confronted with the literature data base. (author)

Localización inmunocitoquímica de la hormona gonadotropina corionica en la placenta humana y en celulas tumorales

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Geranina Escovar V.

1982-06-01

Full Text Available Mediante el uso de los métodos de peroxidasa anti-peroxidasa e inmunofluorescencia aplicada a tejidos desparafinados y tratados con tripsina, se estudiaron inmunocitoquímicamente un grupo de placentas y tumores malignos. Al utilizar anticuerpos anti-GCH, la hormona gonadotropina coriónica humana (GCH fue localizada en células del sincitiotrofoblasto de placentas de diferentes estados de desarrollo, se encontró, además, que las c6lulas de Langhan's y del citotrofoblasto fueron negativas a la inmuno-reacción. La mayoría de los tumores estudiados fueron encontrados positivos al aplicar los métodos mencionados. Se postula que la inmunosupresión selectiva del huésped por tumores y la inmunosupresión selectiva de tejidos maternos por tejidos fetales. podría estar mediada por la hormona gonadotropina coriónica.

O modelo de pseudogestação em camundongos para o estudo 'in situ' das celulas Natural Killer uterinas

OpenAIRE

Juares Ednaldo Romero Bianco

2006-01-01

Resumo: Durante o período peri-implantacional na gestação de humanos e roedores, ocorre no estroma da mucosa uterina um conjunto de fenômenos que envolvem modificações dos componentes celulares e da matriz extracelular. Este conjunto de modificações é conhecido como decidualização ou reação decidual. Concomitante a este processo ocorre a migração de leucócitos provenientes de órgão hematopoéticos para este estroma. Dentre estes leucócitos predominam as subpopulações de linfócitos denominados ...

Contribuição ao desenvolvimento de tecnologia de fabricação de celulas solares utilizando "dopant papers"

OpenAIRE

Alexandre Guass Junior

1995-01-01

Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de um conjunto de processos de baixo custo para fabricação de células solares. As células solares foram fabricadas utilizando lâminas de silício monocristalino, com orientação cristalografica e resistividade típica de 4.1 à 9.0 ohm.cm, tipo p dopadas com boro. Ajunção n-p foi obtida por difusão usando papéis dopantes. Estes papéis são de dois tipos, os que possuem boro e os com fósforo.A montagem de um conjunto de lâminas de s...

Fibroma odontogenico en maxilar inferior. Apropósito de un caso

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Gustavo Guzmán

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Title: Mandibular odontogenic fibroma. A case report.Resumen: Los tumores benignos son neoplasias que se pueden presentar en cualquier parte de la cavidad oral estos pueden ulcerarse, sangrar o interferir con la masticacion o con la adhesion de protesis dentales, tambien presentan un desarrollo lento, una superficie mucosa conservada y compresion de estructuras vecinas. Los fibromas odontogenicos son tumores benigno poco frecuente caracterizado por tejido fibroso con celulas de tejido conectivo, este se puede presentar en cualquier etapa de la vida, no tiene predileccion de sexo y se da mas en la mandibula que en los maxilares. El objetivo de este artículo es describir un caso clínico de este tumor, hacer una breve revisión de la literatura, analizar sus características clínicas e histológicas y la actitud terapéutica a tomar.(DUAZARY 2012 No.2, 190 - 195AbstractBenign tumors are growths that can occur in any part of the oral cavity they can ulcerate, bleed, or interfere with chewing or the adhesion of dental prostheses, also show a slow development, a preserved mucosal surface and compression of adjacent structures. Odontogenic fibroma is a fairly common tumor tissue characterized by fibrous connective tissue cells, this can occur at any stage of life, has no sex predilection an occurs more in the mandible than the maxilla. The aim of this paper is to describe a case of this tumor, a brief review of the literature, analyze their clinical and histological features and therapeutic approach to take.Keywords: Ossifying fibroma; benign neoplasms; fibromas; Jaw Neoplasms.

Fluxo gênico recíproco entre cultivares de soja convencional e geneticamente modificada

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Welison Andrade Pereira

2012-02-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o fluxo gênico recíproco entre duas cultivares de soja, uma tolerante e outra sensível ao glifosato, além de aplicar estimadores para determinar a taxa de fecundação cruzada na população e o número de sementes híbridas na progênie. O experimento compôs-se de quatro blocos com 40 fileiras de soja, com 20 fileiras de cada cultivar (CD217 e CD219RR. No estádio R8, cinco fileiras, distantes 0, 5, 1, 2, 4 e 8 m da cultivar adjacente, foram colhidas, trilhadas e analisadas quanto à ocorrência de fluxo gênico. Como características marcadoras, foram utilizadas as cores da flor, hipocótilo e pubescência, e a tolerância ao glifosato. As cultivares contrastam quanto às características analisadas, cada uma condicionada por um gene com dois alelos, em interação de dominância completa. Na progênie da cultivar tolerante, a maior taxa de híbridos encontrada foi 0, 27% e, na progênie da cultivar sensível, identificou-se 0, 83%; pela hipótese do efeito diluição, as taxas de hibridação natural populacional seriam 0, 104 e 0, 388%, respectivamente. O fluxo gênico recíproco entre as cultivares CD217 e CD219RR não é o mesmo em ambas as direções. Os estimadores propostos são úteis para determinar a taxa de híbridos em amostras de sementes.

Identificação de híbridos de citros resistentes à mancha-marrom-de-alternária por meio de fAFLP e testes de patogenicidade Alternaria brown spot resistant citrus hybrid identification by means of fAFLP and pathogenicity tests

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Edvan Alves Chagas

2007-07-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar híbridos, oriundos de hibridações controladas entre 'Folha Murcha' x 'Ponkan' e testá-los quanto à resistência a Alternaria alternata f. sp. citri. As plântulas foram obtidas via cultura in vitro de embriões. Utilizou-se o marcador molecular fAFLP para identificação dos híbridos e, em seguida, realizou-se o teste de patogenicidade nos híbridos com isolados de Alternaria alternata f. sp. citri, em condições de laboratório. Os pares de primers EcoRI AAG - MseI CAG e EcoRI ACC - MseI CAA foram os mais eficientes na identificação dos híbridos, os quais identificaram 48,5% de híbridos. Os híbridos F64, F108, F111, F113, F131 e F139 são potencialmente resistentes a Alternaria alternata f. sp. citri.The objective of this work was to identify hybrids obtained from controlled crossings between 'Folha Murcha' x 'Ponkan', and to check their resistance to Alternaria alternata f. sp. citri. The seedlings were obtained by in vitro embryo culture. The fAFLP marker technique was used to identify the hybrids, then laboratory pathogenicity test of the hybrids was accomplished with Alternaria alternata f. sp. citri isolates. The pairs of primers EcoRI AAG - Msel CAG and EcoRI ACC - Msel CAA were the most efficient for hybrids identification, and distinguished 48.5% of hybrids. Hybrids F64, F108, F111, F113, F131 and F139 showed potential resistance to the Alternaria alternata f. sp. citri.

Desempenho de híbridos de cajueiro-anão-precoce no litoral do estado do Ceará

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Egnesio Holanda Vale

2014-12-01

Full Text Available A seleção de genótipos de cajueiro em progênies segregantes obtidas via hibridações artificiais representa em uma oportunidade de associação de genes favoráveis, herdados de genitores conhecidos. Adicionalmente, conhecer a dinâmica dos principais caracteres de interesse pode auxiliar na definição de estratégias eficientes para a obtenção de ganhos genéticos. Logo, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho produtivo e caracteres morfológicos de progênies de irmãos completos de cajueiro, conduzidas no município de Pacajus-CE, ao longo de três safras de cultivo, e estimar as correlações entre os caracteres de interesse. Nas safras de 2010, 2011 e 2012, foram avaliadas sete progênies de cajueiro em relação a caracteres morfológicos e produtivos. Os cruzamentos CCP 76 x BRS 226, CCP 76 x Embrapa 51 e BRS 226 x Embrapa 51 mostraram-se promissores na geração de genótipos superiores para caracteres de interesse agronômico. O porte da planta apresentou associações positivas com a produtividade de castanhas, e o número de castanhas por planta evidenciou forte correlação com a produtividade. Portanto, ressalta-se a necessidade de realizar a seleção buscando o equilíbrio em relação ao desempenho nos caracteres morfológicos e produtivos, visando à obtenção de genótipos que associem a elevada produtividade de castanhas e adequado porte de planta.

Inovação, tecnologias de informação e comunicação e processos disruptivos Innovación, tecnologias de información y comunicación y processos disruptivos

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Maria Jose Vicentini Jorente

2012-10-01

Full Text Available A Inovação e seus processos, em especial no campo tecnológico, são de interesse da Ciência da Informação como ciência do humano, pois determinam o estabelecimento de novos hábitos, indicadores socioculturais relevantes para a compreensão da história das culturas. Este artigo reflete sobre as problemáticas: se e como as Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação tem impactado a vida dos nativos digitais; se o indivíduo comum está preparado para vivenciar criteriosamente o entorno tecnológico; como o sistema vigente poderá preparar gerações futuras de profissionais; e como os adultos que cresceram no século XX, em uma sociedade analógica podem preparar os jovens do século XXI para uma realidade digital, extensivamente diferente da deles. À medida que a sofisticação das tecnologias avança, a sociedade tem que continuamente revisar a maneira como se apropria da informação para se ajustar a essas mudanças. Quanto à relevância das metodologias que conduzem para ações inovadoras disruptivas em realidades hibridas como a brasileira, com nichos de pobreza e prosperidade, pode-se dizer que é em países pobres ou com diferenças sociais tão evidentes como as do Brasil onde se denota a necessidade de mudança de paradigma sócio tecnocultural e de uma ação inovadora.

Cold forging stem of total hip prosthesis with hybrid mechanical properties; Forjamento a frio de hastes de protese total de quadril com propriedades mecanicas hibridas

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Lopes, E.S.N.; Contieri, R.J.; Cardoso, F.F.; Cremasco, A.; Button, S.T.; Caram, R., E-mail: ederlopes@fem.unicamp.b [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (FEM/UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Fac. de Engenharia Mecanica. Dept. de Engenharia de Materiais

2010-07-01

Type {beta} Ti alloy is one of the most versatile groups of materials with regard to mechanical properties. Aspects such as alloying elements selection, mechanical processing and heat treatment routes empower these materials in applications where hybrid mechanical behavior is necessary. The aim of this study is to produce stems of total hip prostheses with hybrid mechanical properties using Ti-Nb alloys. Ingots were produced by using arc melting. Following, samples were subjected to specific heat treatment aiming to make cold forging. Sample characterization includes X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Vickers hardness tests and tensile test. The experiments performed allowed to examine the effects of heat treatment parameters on the microstructure and mechanical behavior. Finally, results obtained show that the application of specific heat treatments of quenching and aging makes feasible the manufacturing of orthopedic devices with hybrid mechanical properties with regions where high mechanical strength was prioritized, while in others, low elastic modulus was the main concern. (author)

Fora da ordem natural: a natureza nos discursos sobre a clonagem e a pesquisa com celulas-tronco em jornais brasileiros

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Flavia Natercia da Silva Medeiros

2013-11-01

Full Text Available Noções de natureza desempenham um papel na cobertura midiática e nas percepções do público sobre as biotecnologias. Neste estudo, fez-se uma análise de discurso das ideias de natureza e natural usadas na cobertura jornalística brasileira da clonagem e das células-tronco. Nos discursos oponentes, as técnicas biotecnológicas foram postas fora da ordem natural e consideradas imorais. Nos discursos defensores, apareceu uma natureza indiferente ou cruel para com o destino humano, ou obstáculo a ser superado; por outro lado, a clonagem e as células-tronco embrionárias foram naturalizadas, e a ovelha Dolly foi antropomorfizada. As representações mitificantes ou transcendentes da natureza não incidem somente sobre as percepções públicas, têm implicações éticas e políticas.

Electrochemical characterization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells; Caracterizacao eletroquimica de celulas a combustivel de membrana polimerica trocadora de protons

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Furtado, Jose Geraldo de Melo; Serra, Eduardo Torres [Centro de Pesquisas de Energia Eletrica (CEPEL), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)]. E-mail: furtado@cepel.br; Codeceira Neto, Alcides [Companhia HidroEletrica do Sao Francisco (CHESF), Recife, PE (Brazil)

2008-07-01

This paper describes the electrochemical behavior of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell in function of temperature and time of operation. Different polarization phenomena are considered in the 30 to 70 deg C temperature range, as well as the degradation of electrochemical behavior of the fuel cell analyzed up to 1260 hours of operation. The results show that there is a tendency for the experimental values approaching the theoretical as it increases the temperature of the membrane electrolyte. The electrochemical behavior of the PEMFC studied proved to be less stable at 70 deg C. On the other hand, at 30 deg C the fuel cell performance proved to be considerably lower than at other temperatures. Also, it was found that in certain current ranges occurs greater overlay in potential-current curves, and in some cases reversing between these curves depending on the electric current required for the data obtained at 60 and 70 deg C, indicating, perhaps, that at 70 deg C the characteristics of the electrolyte are slightly inferior to those at 70 deg C, corresponding to an electrolyte degradation. Additionally, for the system studied, we found that the rate of variation of the potential difference in function of the temperature is quite high at the beginning of the operation process and tends to stabilize in a level of around 2,3-2,5 {mu}V per minute for times greater than 330 hours of operation. (author)

Fuel cells cathode with multiple catalysis and electrocapillary convection; Catodo de celula a combustivel com catalise multipla e conveccao eletrocapilar

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Bambace, Luis Antonio Waack; Nishimori, Miriam; Ramos, Fernando Manuel [Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Sao Jose dos Campos, SP (Brazil)], e-mail: bambace@dem.inpe.br; Bastos Netto, Demetrio [Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Cachoeira Paulista, SP (Brazil)

2004-07-01

This paper discusses a mathematical model for the chemical reactions and liquid phase flow processes occurring in a fuel cell cathode through non homogeneous catalysis carried by gold and Prussian Blue. The gold is applied inside the porous walls of micro-tubes, which may be obtained through several methods. The wall porosity ranging from 7 to 30% ensures gas exchange between the interior of a micro-tube and its exterior where gas flow takes place. The Prussian Blue consists of a thin porous layer located between the selective membrane and the micro-tube system, with void fraction in the 70 to 80% range. A porous electricity conducting carbide flux collector is placed between the tube system and the bipolar plates. The system return tubes possess a diameter much larger than one of the micro-tubes. The electric potential differences generated by the ionic currents in the system and its asymmetrical shape are used to generate electrocapillary flows, which are related with the surface tension changes with local potential. The hydrogen peroxide concentration and its transport to the Prussian Blue layer, and the oxygen transport inside the reactive tubular system are analyzed in this work. (author)

Stem-cells used in treatment of periodontal bone defects; Utilizacion de celulas madre en el tratamiento de defectos oseos periodontales

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Perez Borrego, Amparo [Facultad de Ciencias Medicas ' Enrique Cabrera' , La Habana (Cuba); Dominguez Rodriguez, Libia; Ilisastigui Ortueta, Zaida Teresa [Facultad de Estomatologia, La Habana (Cuba); Hernandez Ramirez, Porfirio [Instituto de Hematologia e Inmunologia, La Habana (Cuba)], E-mail: amparop.borrego@infomed.sld.cu

2009-07-01

The aggressive periodontitis might to provoke the tooth loss, of its function and to affect the patient's aesthetics. The techniques used for the lost bone regeneration, not always are successful and in occasions are very expensive. For years it is working in tissues regeneration by stem-cells implantation. Periodontium could be a potential for this task. This is a study of a female patient aged 26 with an apparent health status and aggressive periodontitis backgrounds treated from 10 years ago, seen in our service due to dental mobility producing mastication nuisances. At clinical examination we noted systemic chronic inflammation of gums, grade II and III dental mobility in incisives and molars teeth, 4-8 mm systemic periodontal sacs and furcation lesions in inferior molars. At radiographs advanced bone losses and a decrease of systemic bone density are noted. After written consent and the initial preparation, we carried out a periodontal flap in the 35 and 37 teeth zone, where the stem-cells concentrate was placed, in bone defects of superior molars (16-17) and previous radicular scraping and isolation, treatment consisted in stem-cells perfusion without flap. There were not postoperative side effects. At 7 days there was a normal coloration, at three months on noted at radiograph a bone neoformation, and at six months gum remained healthy, with a decrease of dental mobility in segment treated and in the evolutionary radiograph it was evidenced the formation and increase of density.

Review of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in the treatment of renal tumors, T1 stadium in adults; Revision de la nefrectomia parcial laparoscopica en el tratamiento de los tumores renales, estadio T1 en adultos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zamora Montes de Oca, Maria Jose

2012-07-01

The T1 renal cancer in adults is made known; incidence, characteristics and management. Renal cell carcinoma has been the most common malignancy of the kidney, percentage is close to three percent of solid tumors of adults. The treatments for this tumor are analyzed: open radical nephrectomy, laparoscopic radical nephrectomy, open partial nephrectomy and laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy has represented an alternative option acceptable, safely and with good oncological and surgical outcomes for patients, as it is used to conserve nephrons and simultaneously to resect the tumor of a complete form promoting in the future the patient present a good renal function. Additionally, a adequate oncological control has reduced the risk of submit postoperative renal failure. An evolution of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy is presented determining the procedure for renal tumors in state T1 in the adults [Spanish] El cancer renal T1 en adultos es dado a conocer; su incidencia, caracteristicas y manejo. El carcinoma de celulas renales ha sido la malignidad mas comun de los rinones, su porcentaje se acerca al tres porciento de los tumores solidos de los adultos. Los tratamientos para combatir ese tumor son analizados: nefrectomia radical abierta, nefrectomia radical laparoscopica, nefrectomia parcial abierta y nefrectomia parcial laparoscopica. La nefrectonomia parcial laparoscopica ha representado una opcion alternativa aceptable, segura y con buenos resultados oncologicos y quirurgicos para los pacientes, ya que es utilizada para conservar nefronas y a la vez poder resecar el tumor de una forma completa promoviendo en el futuro que el paciente presente un buen funcionamiento renal. Ademas, un adecuado control oncologico ha reducido el riesgo de presentar insuficiencia renal postoperatoria. Una evolucion de la nefrectonomia parcial laparoscopica es presentada determinando el procedimiento para tumores renales en estado T1 en los adultos.

Operational performance of the Avispa-IIE wind generator in microhybrid systems

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Gonzalez Galarza, Raul; Mejia Neri, Fortino [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca (Mexico)

1997-12-31

The purpose of this paper is to make a general analysis over the operational performance of the Avispa-IIE wind generator in an Solar-Eolic hybrid installation, at an eco-tourist resort. This work was performed through the monitor of the wind generator and the system itself throughout a year, for the acquisition taking the variables of interest and operational parameters that might allow to characterize and to evaluate the general behavior of the system. Herein are the principals characteristics of the wind generator; its performance curve, the basic configuration of the installation and the control philosophy; Likewise, some technical and human problems which arise during the operation of the system are included, the implementation of improvements in the wind generator and the general results acquired during the time of operation of the wind generator in the cited installations. [Espanol] El proposito de este articulo es el hacer un analisis general del comportamiento operacional del aerogenerador Avispa-IIE en una instalacion hibrida Solar-Eolica en un lugar de veraneo eco-turistico. Este trabajo ha sido llevado a cabo mediante el monitor del aerogenerador y el sistema mismo por espacio de un ano, para la adquisicion de las variables de interes y de los parametros operacionales que pudieran servir para caracterizar y evaluar el comportamiento general del sistema. Aqui se incluyen las caracteristicas principales del aerogenerador; su curva de comportamiento, la configuracion basica de la instalacion y la filosofia del control. De la misma manera se incluyen algunos problemas tecnicos y humanos que se originan durante la operacion del sistema y la puesta en practica de las mejoras del aerogenerador y los resultados generales adquiridos durante el tiempo de operacion del aerogenerador en las instalaciones citadas.

A molecular marker distinguishes the subspecies Melipona quadrifasciata quadrifasciata and Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Meliponinae

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Ana M. Waldschmidt

2000-09-01

Full Text Available The stingless bee species Melipona quadrifasciata includes two subspecies, Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioids and Melipona quadrifasciata quadrifasciata. The morphological difference between the two subspecies is the presence of three to five continuous yellow stripes on the terga on the 3rd to 6th segments in workers and males of M. q. quadrifasciata, and two to five interrupted bands in M. q. anthidioides. We identified a DNA marker which is present in M. q. quadrifasciata and absent in M. q. anthidioides. Only one among the M. q. quadrifasciata colonies did not present the marker. It was also absent in bees collected in northern Minas Gerais State (Brazil, despite their morphological resemblance to M. q. quadrifasciata. The marker can be used for studying the genetic structure of the hybridization zone formed by the intercrossing of the two subspecies.A espécie de abelha sem ferrão Melipona quadrifasciata apresenta duas subespécies, Melipona quadrifasciata quadrifasciata Lep. e Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides Lep. A diferença morfológica entre as duas subespécies é a presença de três a cinco bandas tergais amarelas do 3º ao 6º segmentos em operárias e machos de M. q. quadrifasciata e duas a cinco bandas interrompidas em M. q. anthidioides. Nós identificamos um marcador de DNA que está presente em M. q. quadrifasciata e ausente em M. q. anthidioides. Este marcador está ausente em abelhas coletadas no norte do Estado de Minas Gerais (Brasil, embora esses indivíduos apresentem morfologia similar à de M. q. quadrifasciata. Este marcador poderá ser utilizado em estudos da zona de hibridação entre as subespécies.

FISH studies in a girl with sporadic aniridia and an apparently balanced de novo t(11;13(p13;q33 translocation detect a microdeletion involving the WAGR region

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J.C. Llerena Jr.

2000-09-01

Full Text Available Conventional cytogenetic studies on a female infant with sporadic aniridia revealed what appeared to be a balanced de novo t(11;13 (p13;q33 translocation. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH investigations, however, detected the presence of a cryptic 11p13p14 deletion which included the WAGR region and involved approximately 7.5 Mb of DNA, including the PAX6 and WT1 genes. These results account for the patient's aniridia, and place her at high risk for developing Wilms' tumour. The absence of mental retardation in the patient suggests that the position of the distal breakpoint may also help to refine the mental retardation locus in the WAGR contiguous gene syndrome (Wilms', aniridia, genital anomalies and mental retardation.O estudo citogenético convencional em uma menina com aniridia esporádica resultou em uma aparente translocação balanceada t(11;13(p13;q33 de novo. Entretanto, o estudo citogenético pela hibridação in situ fluorescente (FISH detectou a presença de uma deleção críptica 11p13p14, incluindo a região WAGR e envolvendo aproximadamente 7.5 Mb de DNA, deletando os genes PAX6 e WT1. Estes resultados correlacionam-se com o quadro clínico da paciente e a coloca em alto risco de desenvolver tumor de Wilms. A ausência de retardo mental na paciente indica que a posição distal do ponto de quebra poderá refinar o mapeamento do locus retardo mental na síndrome de genes contíguos WAGR (Wilms, aniridia, anomalias genitais e retardo mental.

SISTEM KONTROL JARINGAN SYARAF TIRUAN BERBASIS SIMULASI PADA PENGELASAN PIPA ALUMINUM

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Ario Sunar Baskoro

2012-05-01

Full Text Available Dalam penelitian ini telah dikembangkan sistem pengelasan otomatis Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG dengan menggunakan sensor vision pada pengelasan pipa aluminum. Penelitian ini mempelajari proses pengelasan cerdas pipa paduan aluminum 6063S-T5 dalam posisi tetap dengan obor las (welding torch bergerak dan menggunakan mesin las AC. Model Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan (neural network untuk pengendalian kecepatan pengelasan telah dikembangkan agar dapat bekerja secara otomatis. Untuk melatih Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan ini diperlukan cukup banyak data dari penelitian sehingga memerlukan waktu dan dana yang cukup besar. Penelitian ini menawarkan proses baru untuk memperkirakan dan mengendalikan penetrasi pengelasan dalam pengelasan pipa paduan aluminum. Penetrasi las diperkirakan dengan menggunakan metode perkiraan secara hibrida yaitu dengan mengombinasikan simulasi pengelasan dan pengamatan visual menggunakan sensor vision. Dari hasil eksperimen didapatkan bahwa sistem pengendalian cukup efektif untuk mendeteksi kolam las (molten pool dan menghasilkan pengelasan yang baik. This research has developed an automatic welding system Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG using sensor vision on aluminum pipe welding. This research studied the process of intelligent welding of alloy pipe aluminum 6063S-T5 in a fixed position with a welding torch to move and use the AC welding machines. The neural network model to control the speed of the welding has been developed in order to work automatically. The neural network train need quite a lot of data from studies that require time and substansial funds. This research offers a new process for estimating and controlling welding penetration in welding of aluminum alloy pipe. Weld penetration was estimated by using the approximate hybrid method that combines the simulations of welding and visual inspection using sensor vision. The experiment results that the control system is effective enough to detect the molten pool and produce a good weld.

RAPD markers utilization and other parameters in the determination of mango hybrids genitors Utilização de marcadores RAPD e outros parâmetros na determinação de genitores em híbridos de mangueira

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Maria Cristina Rocha Cordeiro

2006-08-01

Full Text Available Actually mango (Mangifera indica, L. is considered one of the largest Brazilian fruitbusiness for the export market. Cultivar selection having high fruit quality is a fundamental step to obtain excellent results in this business. A mango breeding program based on intervarietal hybridization may produce new improved cultivars for mango growers. Mango hybrids have been obtained by controlled or open crosses. In the last one, it is important to identify the male parent because it is useful for the genetic cultivar history, thus it is important for planning further improvements. This work presents a parentage test using among others parameters RAPD (Random amplified Polymorphic DNA markers to estimate the male parent of the selected hybrids in an open cross plot by using five mango cultivars densely planted in a latin square design.Atualmente, o cultivo da mangueira (Mangifera indica, L. é considerado um dos maiores agronegócios frutícolas brasileiros para o mercado externo. A seleção de cultivares com elevada qualidade de frutos é uma etapa fundamental para o sucesso deste negócio. O melhoramento genético da mangueira, baseado em hibridações intervarietais, pode originar cultivares superiores aos padrões disponíveis no mercado, ofertando uma nova alternativa ao produtor. Híbridos de mangueira têm sido obtidos por meio de cruzamentos controlados ou abertos. Neste último, é importante identificar o genitor masculino visando a obter a história genética da cultivar além de ser importante no planejamento do melhoramento subseqüente. Este trabalho apresenta um teste de paternidade, utilizando, entre outros parâmetros, marcadores RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA, para estimar o genitor masculino de híbridos selecionados em uma área de cruzamento aberto contendo cinco cultivares de manga plantadas em alta densidade, no delineamento experimental do quadrado latino.

Operational performance of the Avispa-IIE wind generator in microhybrid systems

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gonzalez Galarza, Raul; Mejia Neri, Fortino [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca (Mexico)

1998-12-31

The purpose of this paper is to make a general analysis over the operational performance of the Avispa-IIE wind generator in an Solar-Eolic hybrid installation, at an eco-tourist resort. This work was performed through the monitor of the wind generator and the system itself throughout a year, for the acquisition taking the variables of interest and operational parameters that might allow to characterize and to evaluate the general behavior of the system. Herein are the principals characteristics of the wind generator; its performance curve, the basic configuration of the installation and the control philosophy; Likewise, some technical and human problems which arise during the operation of the system are included, the implementation of improvements in the wind generator and the general results acquired during the time of operation of the wind generator in the cited installations. [Espanol] El proposito de este articulo es el hacer un analisis general del comportamiento operacional del aerogenerador Avispa-IIE en una instalacion hibrida Solar-Eolica en un lugar de veraneo eco-turistico. Este trabajo ha sido llevado a cabo mediante el monitor del aerogenerador y el sistema mismo por espacio de un ano, para la adquisicion de las variables de interes y de los parametros operacionales que pudieran servir para caracterizar y evaluar el comportamiento general del sistema. Aqui se incluyen las caracteristicas principales del aerogenerador; su curva de comportamiento, la configuracion basica de la instalacion y la filosofia del control. De la misma manera se incluyen algunos problemas tecnicos y humanos que se originan durante la operacion del sistema y la puesta en practica de las mejoras del aerogenerador y los resultados generales adquiridos durante el tiempo de operacion del aerogenerador en las instalaciones citadas.

Polyester synthesis for application in PEMFC type fuel cells; Sintese de poliester para aplicacao em celulas a combustivel do tipo PEM

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fiuza, R.P.; Souza, D.R. de; Fiuza, R.A.; Jose, N.M.; Boaventura, J.S. [Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA (Brazil). Inst. de Quimica], e-mail: raigenis@gmail.com

2006-07-01

The PEMFC (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell), along the SOFC (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell), is the most important technology, among the various types of fuels cell. The PEMFC shows a large versatility of applications, both for stationary and mobile use. However the PEMFC presents high manufacture cost, directly impacting in the cost of the produced energy. This work contemplates the previews sulfonation of phtalic acid and its subsequent polymerization with glycerol, using as catalytic tin dibutyl-dilaurate. The obtained material has been characterized by DSC, TGA, FTIR, MEV, DRX and XRF. The gotten results indicated that phtalic acid was sulfonated and the increase of the sulfonation degree significantly increased the crystallinity of the sulfonated ftalico acid. Furthermore, the polymer produced from the sulfonated monomer presented adequate thermal resistance and a high content of conducting groups, necessary conditions for application as electrolyte in PEMFC. All these characteristics, particularly the low cost of the reagents and the ease of production process, make the sulfonated polyester membrane a promising candidate as fuel cell electrolyte. (author)

Wind, photovoltaic and fuel cell energy for communication stations; Energia eolica, fotovoltaica e de celula a combustivel para estacoes de comunicacao

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sousa, Iolanda; Pereira, Jose; Alcobia, Hernani [Net Plan Telecomunicacoes e Energia, Lisboa (Portugal); Pereirinha, Paulo [Instituto Politecnico de Coimbra (Portugal); Instituto para Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores de Coimbra (Portugal)

2011-10-15

This paper presents a hybrid system that provides power to a remote and autonomously telecommunications station by means of electrical solar generators, wind and hydrogen fuel cell. In the absence of sufficient sun and wind, a bank of batteries and hydrogen produced on-site guarantee the power supply. The station can still be remote monitored and managed.

Direct methanol fuel cells: Pt-Ni/C binary electrocatalysts; Celulas a combutivel de metanol direto: eletrocatalisadores binarios de Pt-Ni/C

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Salgado, Jose Ricardo Cezar; Antolini, Ermete; Santos, Ana Maria dos; Gonzalez, Ernesto Rafael [Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Carlos, SP (Brazil). Inst. de Quimica], e-mail: salgado@iqsc.usp.br

2004-07-01

Direct methanol fuel cells use platinum alloys as more efficient catalysts than platinum. In the case of binary alloys, the second metal affects several properties of platinum, like the interatomic distance, the electronic density and the capacity of forming oxygenated species at lower potentials. In this work, Pt-Ni catalysts supported on high surface area carbon (Pt-Ni/C) were prepared and characterized, and tested as catalysts in the anode and the cathode in direct methanol fuel cells. In both cases the performance of the material was better than that of Pt/C, and comparing the two situations it was better when the material was used in the cathode. The improved performance in the cathode was attributed to the nickel that forms a true alloy with platinum, while the better performance in the anode was attributed to the presence of nickel oxides. (author)

Analysis of cogeneration system using fuel cell: cases study; Analise de sistema de cogeracao utilizando celula de combustivel: estudo de casos

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Silveira, Jose Luz; Leal, Elisangela Martins [UNESP, Guaratingueta, SP (Brazil). Escola de Engenharia. Dept. de Energia]. E-mails: joseluz@feg.unesp.br; elisange@feg.unesp.br

2000-07-01

In this paper, a methodology for the study of a molten carbonate fuel cell cogeneration system associated to an absorption refrigeration system, for the electricity and cold water production, and applied to two establishments, is presented. This system permits the recovery of waste heat, available between 600 deg C e 700 deg C. Initially, some technical information about the most diffusing types of the fuel cell demonstration in the world are presented. In the next step, an energetic, exergetic and economic analysis are carry out, seeking the use of fuel cells, in conditions of prices and interest of Brazil. In conclusion, the fuel cell cogeneration system may have an excellent opportunity to strengthen the decentralized energy production in the Brazilian energy scene. (author)

Fuel cell: Brazil is focusing the energy of the millennium; Celula a combustivel: Brasil se prepara para a energia do milenio

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Bombana, Clarice [Eletricidade Moderna (EM), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

2001-10-15

The fuel cell is characterized as an important way of distributed energy generation, in this direction it can contribute for solution of demand control problems in relation to critical charging periods or energy rationing. Besides other benefits, can be highlighted the silent operation, utilization of residual heat and high quality of produced energy. Attentive to this tendency, COPEL and LACTEC have united efforts in order to diffuse this technology in Brazil.

Multi-metallic anodes for solid oxide fuel cell applications; Anodos multi-metalicos para aplicacoes em celulas a combustivel de oxido solido

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Restivo, T.A. Guisard; Mello-Castanho, S.R.H. [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (CCTM/IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil). Centro de Ciencia e Tecnologia dos Materiais; Leite, D. Will [Instituto de Pesquisas e Estudos Industriais (IPEI/FEI), Sao Bernardo do Campo, SP (Brazil). Fac. de Engenharia Industrial

2009-07-01

A new method for direct preparation of materials for solid oxide fuel cell anode - Ni- YSZ cermets - based on mechanical alloying (MA) of the original powders is developed, allowing to admix homogeneously any component. Additive metals are selected from thermodynamic criteria, leading to compacts consolidation through sintering by activated surface (SAS). The combined process MA-SSA can reduce the sintering temperature by 300 deg C, yielding porous anodes. Densification mechanisms are discussed from quasi-isothermal sintering kinetics results. Doping with Ag, W, Cu, Mo, Nb, Ta, in descending order, promotes the densification of pellets through liquid phase sintering and evaporation of metals and oxides, which allow reducing the sintering temperature. Powders and pellets characterization by electronic microscopy and X-ray diffraction completes the result analyses. (author)

Linfoma de celulas B de la zona marginal extraganglionar del tejido linfoide asociado a mucosa (linfoma MALT de pulmón

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Carlos Vergara-Uzcategui

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Los Linfomas Pulmonares Primarios son extremadamente raros (0,4% de los linfomas extraganglionares, y generalmente son de tejido linfoide asociado a mucosas (tipo MALT, con ocasionales linfomas de células grandes difusos. Los síntomas son inespecíficos, y casi la mitad de los pacientes son asintomáticos. Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino de 56 años de edad, quien presentó durante 7 meses accesos diarios de tos seca, de predominio nocturno, asociados en el último mes a fiebre de 39ºC, disnea a medianos esfuerzos y expectoración verduzca. Los exámenes de laboratorio fueron normales. La radiografía de tórax mostró el mediastino ensanchado, un proceso en lóbulo medio con efecto atelectásico, y un nódulo en hemitórax izquierdo. La tomografía computarizada (TC torácica de alta resolución evidenció proceso alveolar derecho en lóbulo medio y un nódulo pulmonar izquierdo calcificado de tipo inespecífico. El estudio inmunohistoquímico de la biopsia pulmonar fue compatible con Linfoma de Células B de la zona marginal extraganglionar del tejido linfoide asociado a mucosa (Linfoma MALT de pulmón. La TC corporal y la Tomografía por Emisión de Positrones (PET evidenciaron importantes hallazgos complementarios para determinar la extensión de la enfermedad. El paciente se trato con quimioterapia y actualmente se encuentra en buenas condiciones, sin recidiva de la sintomatología. Dado lo infrecuente de la patología se presenta este caso y se hace una revisión de la literatura

Seleção massal em uma população de melão resultante da hibridação entre dois grupos botânicos

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Islan Diego Espindula de Carvalho

2014-06-01

Full Text Available 800x600 Este trabalho teve por objetivo realizar o primeiro ciclo de seleção massal na população PM1 de melão, visando desenvolver uma cultivar de melão que combine as características de resistência ao transporte do melão valenciano com as características de qualidade do melão americano para o Estado de Alagoas. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida, em condições de campo, na Área Experimental do Setor de Melhoramento Genético de Plantas do Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal de Alagoas, nos anos de 2010 e 2011. A semeadura da população PM1 de melão foi realizada no dia 18/11/2010, com o desbaste aos 25 dias após a semeadura e a colheita realizada aos 67 dias. Na seleção foram consideradas plantas que apresentaram frutos de coloração da casca amarela, sem costelas, sem rendilhamento, polpa com a coloração salmão e com pedúnculo que não se desprendesse da planta quando o fruto está maduro. Dos 710 frutos colhidos da população em estudo foram selecionados 12 frutos que apresentavam as características desejadas, sendo submetidos às seguintes avaliações: Peso dos Frutos, em g, Diâmetro Longitudinal, em cm, Diâmetro Transversal, em cm, Espessura da Polpa, em cm e Espessura da Casca, em cm. Foi realizada uma distribuição de frequências absolutas e relativas de classes em relação ao peso dos 710 frutos da população PM1 de melão. Para os frutos selecionados foram estimadas as médias aritméticas, os valores da amplitude total, o coeficiente de variação e o intervalo de confiança (95% para cada variável analisada.  Foi formado um grupo após a seleção que apresenta as características desejadas. Os frutos selecionados encontram-se nas classes de peso dos frutos que compreendem o intervalo de 836 a 1.380 g, apresentando uma Intensidade de Seleção de 1,70 % na população em estudo. Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4

Manganates of lanthanum and strontium as cathode of fuel cells (SOFC); Manganatos de lantanio e estroncio como catodo de celulas combustiveis (SOFC)

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Macedo, Marfran C. de; Nascimento, Rubens M. do; Martinelli, Antonio E.; Melo, Dulce M.A. [Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN (Brazil)

2004-07-01

The fuel cells if constitute currently as a promising alternative modular generation of electric energy to leave of chemical energy. The SOFCs is distinguished as promising for the industry of the oil, therefore they can use the produced natural gas in the platforms as combustible, allowing generation of raised power electric.The material of cathode constituent of the cell are oxides with perovskites structure, normally doped with a earthy-alkaline element (Sr{sup +3}). In this work, two compositions of the La{sub 1-x}Sr{sub x} MnO{sub 3} system were synthesized (x = 0,15 and 0,30), through the Pechini method and after resultants of the process they were characterized by X- Ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TG/DTG) and laser grain size analysis. The systems in study shown similar behavior how much to the results of absorption in the region of infra-red ray and TG/DTG, therefore if it can prove the loss of organic substance with the increase of the temperature.The average particle diameter for the two systems also increased gradually with the temperature. In general way the synthesis method was satisfactory for the formation of the perovskites phase in the two studied compositions. (author)

Study of the 6-n-propyl-2 thiouracil (PTU) as radioprotector in the thyroid cancer; Estudio del 6 propil-2 tiouracilo (PTU) como radioprotector en el tratamiento del cancer de tiroides

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Perona, Marina; Dagrosa, Maria A; Pisarev, Mario A; Juvenal, Guillelrmo J [Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica, General San Martin (Argentina). Dept. de Radiogiologia; Pagotto, R; Pignataro, O [Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires (Argentina). Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental; Casal, M [Instituto Nacional de Oncologia ' Angel H. Roffo' , Buenos Aires (Argentina)

2007-07-01

epidemiologicos han demostrado que la exposicion a altas dosis de radiacion externa incrementa la frecuencia de neoplasias de tiroides, particularmente cuando la misma ocurre en la niniez o en la adolescencia. El uso de radioprotectores de la tiroides seria de utilidad para evitar efectos tumorigenicos en la glandula cuando la radiacion ionizante en la zona del cuello es la unica terapia posible. Objetivos: Estudiar el posible efecto radioprotector de la droga antitiroidea 6 propil-2 tiouracilo (PTU). Se cultivaron celulas tiroideas normales (linea FRTL-5 de rata) y patologicas (lineas de cancer humano tiroideo anaplasico ARO). Las mismas fueron irradiadas con una fuente de 60Co (1Gy/min) en dosis variables entre 1 y 8 Gy, en presencia y ausencia de PTU (1 mM). A posteriori se evaluo el danio post radiacion mediante el ensayo de formacion de colonias tomando la fraccion de sobrevida (FS) como indicador del efecto. Resultados: La FS aumento respecto del Control en ambas lineas celulares para todas las dosis utilizadas. La relacion PTU vs. Control fue de 2,3 y 2,7 para las celulas ARO y FRTL-5 respectivamente. El efecto radioprotector del PTU es el mismo si es agregado 24 hs antes o inmediatamente post irradiacion. Dado que se ha demostrado que el aumento de la radioresistencia de los tejidos puede inducirse mediante la estimulacion de las vias del AMP ciclico (cAMP), se midieron los niveles del segundo mensajero luego de incubar las lineas celulares durante 5, 24, 48 y 72 horas con diferentes concentraciones de PTU (0; 0,1 mM; 1 mM y 2 mM). El PTU aumento los niveles intra y extracelulares del cAMP en todos los tratamientos. Se observo un pico a las 24 hs en los niveles extracelulares incubados con PTU 1 mM de 36,97 {+-} 6,37 (fmol/{mu}g de prot) vs Control 16,67 {+-} 3,92 (fmol/{mu}g de prot). El efecto radioprotector del PTU fue mimetizado por el cAMP. Conclusion: El PTU ejerce un efecto radioprotector estimulando la via del cAMP. (autor)

The Effects of Beta Rays (Tritium) on the Growth of Rickettsiae and Influenza Virus; Effets du Rayonnement Beta (du Tritium) sur la Proliferation des Rickettsies et des Virus de la Grippe; 0414 0435 ; Influencia de los Rayos Beta (Tritio) sobre la Multiplicacion de Rickettsia y de Virus de la Gripe

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Greiff, D. [Marquette University, School of Medicine, Milwaukee, WI (United States)

1962-02-15

de oxido de tritio por huevo y parcialmente en los grupos con 22,5 y 11,2 mcuries/huevo. El autor obtuvo resultados similares a los anteriores por inyeccion de oxido de tritio, a razon de 1 mcurie por cada 10{sup 8} celulas, en cultivos de una sola capa de celulas KB infectadas con R. mooseri o R. akari. Al inyectar oxido de tritio en huevos fecundados antes de inocularlos con virus de la gripe, se observa una disminucion del periodo de latencia correspondiente a la liberacion del virus de la membrana corioalantoica. El autor encontro que dos horas despues de inocular los huevos con el agente infeccioso, la cantidad de virus en el liquido corioalantoico habia aumentado mil veces. Cuando aparecen cantidades detectables de virus en el liquido corioalantoico de los huevos testigo, ocho horas despues de la infeccion, la DI{sub 50} de los huevos tratados con tritio era 10{sup -5,6}; 24 horas despues de la infeccion, ambas series daban una DI{sub 50} de 10{sup -7.5}. Tambien aumenta la cantidad de virus en las membranas de los huevos tratados con tritio. Para liberar este virus, el autor aislo y lavo las membranas, las seco por liofilizacion y rompio las celulas por rehidratacion con agua destilada. (author) [Russian] Rost Jiickettsia mooseri (myshinogo tifa) znachitel'no vozrastal v zarodyshevyh jajcah, soderzhashhih okis' tritija na urovne 180, 90 i 45 millikjuri/jajco, i neznachitel' no -v jajcah, soderzhashhih 22,5 millikjuri/jajco; infekcii pri 11,2 millikjuri/jajco ne otlichalis' ot pokazanij kontrol'nogo opyta. Rost Rickettsia akari (rik- ketsioza) byl celikom zaderzhan v jajcah, soderzhashhih okis' tritija na urovne 180, 90 i 45 millikjuri/jajco, i chastichno - v gruppah s soderzhaniem 22,5 i 11,2 mil- likjuri/jajco. Rezul'taty, podobnye nazvannym vyshe, byli polucheny posle inokuljacii- okisi tritija (1 millikjuri na 10{sup 8} kletok) v odnoslojnye kul'tury kletok KV, zarazhennyh R. mooseri ili R. akari. Uvelichenie latentnogo perioda dlja vysvobozhdenija virusa

Flow prediction and heat transfer in a cooling square duch of a gas turbine blade using CFD; Predicciones de flujo y transferencia de calor en un conductor de alabe enfriado de turbina de gas utilizando CFD

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Urquiza B, Gustavo [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca, Morelos (Mexico); Sierra E, Fernando [Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico D.F. (Mexico); Kubiak S, Janusz; Campos A, Rafael [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca, Morelos (Mexico)

2003-10-15

A numerical investigation has been conducted to study the turbulent flow and the heat transfer in a blade turbine coolant passage involving a 180 degrees turn. The study provides a comparison test for two turbulence models. The numerical solution was conducted employing two models for turbulence, the renormalization Group Theory (RNG) and the Reynolds Stress Model (RSM), using a refined grid to model with detail the recirculating flow. Computations are performed with a commercial finite volume code which solves three dimensional, incompressible, Navier-Stokes and Energy equations. At the passage turn, significant secondary flows are present, formed by a pair of symmetrical vortices. Results have been compared against published experimental data for Re = 53 000. Very good agreement is achieved for the prediction of the local static pressure distribution along the passage. A strong effect of rotation has been observed mainly in the flow field as described in detail in the paper. [Spanish] En este trabajo se presenta una investigacion numerica para estudiar el flujo turbulento y la transferencia de calor en un conducto de enfriamiento de un alabes de turbina de gas con giro de 180 grados. El estudio proporciona una comparacion de resultados para dos modelos de turbulencia. La solucion numerica emplea dos modelos de turbulencia: el modelo de esfuerzos de Reynolds (RSM) y el modelo de la teoria del grupo de renormalizacion (RNG), utilizando una malla refinada para modelar con detalle el flujo de recirculacion. Los calculos fueron realizados con un codigo comercial de volumenes finitos el cual resuelve las ecuaciones tridimensionales de Navier-Stoke y de energia para flujo incompresible. En la seccion de giro del conductor, aparecen flujos secundarios significativos, formados por un par de celulas simetricas. Los resultados han sido comparados contra datos experimentales de la literatura para Re = 53 000. se obtuvo un buen acuerdo para la prediccion de la distribucion de

Germinomas cerebrais (teratomas atípicos da pineal Cerebral germinomas (atipical teratomas of the pineal region

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Alexandre Alencar

1981-12-01

Full Text Available São estudados três casos de germinomas cerebrais, sendo um tópico, da região pineal, e dois ectópicos, chamados germinomas supra-selares ou quiasmáticos. Estes últimos parecem ser mais agressivos que os seus congeneres tópicos, pois alem de se disseminarem pelas cisternas basais, costumam infiltrar as paredes do III ventrículo, fórnix, hipotálamo, nervos e quiasma ópticos. Caracteristicamente produzem um enorme aumento das proteínas liquóricas, desacompanhado de uma pleocitose proporcional. As proteínas liquóricas aumentadas sao globulinas cujas reações mostram-se fortemente positivas, possivelmente produzidas pelas celulas de aspecto linfocitario que constituem parte desta neoplasia. O aumento das proteinas liquoricas e tao acentuado que em presenca de uma crianca ou adolescente com sindrome de hipertensão intracraniana, hiperproteinoraquia sem pleocitose e sinais clínicos ou radiológicos sugestivos de localização na base do crânio a possibilidade de um germinoma quiasmático deve ser seriamente considerada, pois o quadro e muito sugestivo.Three cases of Cerebral Germinomas, one of them situated in the pineal region (topical and two ectopical of the so called suprasellar or chiasmal Germinomas are studied. These last ones may be more aggressive than the congeneral topical ones, since besides it's dissemination throughout the basal cisternas they usually infilstrate into de walls of the III Ventricle, Fornix, Hypothalamus, Chiasma and Optic nervs. A high level of proteins in the spinal fluid without proportional increase of the cells is characteristic. Globulins are the predominant fraction of the increased spinal fluid proteins, as indicated by the highly positive laboratory test. These globulins are possibly produced by the lymphocytes which are part of this neoplasm. The high level of protein in the spinal fluid without proportional increase of the cells, in the presence of intracranial syndrome in a child or

Fabrication and tests of anode supported solid oxide fuel cell; Fabricacao e testes de celula a combustivel de oxido solido suportada no anodo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Florio, D.Z. de [UNESP, Araraquara, SP (Brazil)], e-mail: dzflorio@ipen.br; Fonseca, F.C.; Franca, Y.V.; Muccillo, E.N.S.; Muccillo, R. [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil); Berton, M.A.C.; Garcia, C.M. [LACTEC - Instituto de Tecnologia para o Desenvolvimento, Curitiba, PR (Brazil)

2006-07-01

A laboratory setup was designed and put into operation for the development of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Ceramic single cells were fabricated by low-cost methods, and emphasis was given to the use of ready available raw materials. The whole project consisted of the preparation of the component materials - anode, cathode, and electrolyte - and the buildup of a hydrogen leaking-free sample chamber with platinum leads and current collectors for measuring the electrochemical properties of single SOFCs. Anode-supported single SOFCs of the type (ZrO{sub 2}:Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} + NiO) anode / (ZrO{sub 2}:Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}) electrolyte / (La{sub 0.65}Sr{sub 0.35}MnO{sub 3} + ZrO{sub 2}:Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}) cathode have been prepared and tested at 700 deg C and 800 deg C after in situ H{sub 2} anode reduction. The main results show that the slurry coating method resulted in single-cells with good reproducibility and reasonable performance, suggesting that this method can be considered for fabrication of SOFCs. (author)

Infiltración meningea por leucemia a celulas plasmáticas y por linfoma no Hodgkin: estudio citomorfologico en el liquido cefalo-raquideo

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Arnaldo Tabares Olives

1982-06-01

Full Text Available Son presentadas las características citomorfológicas anormales encontradas en el LCR de dos pacientes, uno de ellos sufriendo de leucemia aguda a células plasmáticas y otro de linfoma mixto no Hodgkin. Se enfatiza la importancia del estudio del LCR en estas patologias.

DE LA MENTE A LA CELULA: IMPACTO DEL ESTRES EN PSICONEUROINMUNOENDOCRINOLOGIA/ FROM THE MIND TO THE CELL: THE IMPACT OF STRESS ON PSICONEUROIMMUNOENDOCRINOLOGY

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Manolete S. Moscoso*

2009-10-01

Full Text Available Resumen:El presente artículo revisa el concepto del modelo psicobiosocial presentado por Engel y los primeros estudios sobre lanueva ciencia de la psiconeuroinmunoendocrinología, publicados por Solomon en la década del 60', y Ader en la década del70'. Se hace mención a los avances modernos en tecnología médica y de laboratorio como el punto de partida de un extensonúmero de estudios multidisclinarios durante la década del 80' que demuestran la relación entre el cerebro, y los sistemasnervioso, endocrino e inmune en el desarrollo de enfermedades. Se hace un análisis del concepto actual del estrés y unabreve revisión de las respuestas emocional y fisiológica descritas por Lazarus, Cannon, Selye, respectivamente. Una nuevavisión acerca del estrés es presentada y se hacen las distinciones correspondientes en relación a la respuesta comportamentaldel estrés, estilo de vida, y el estrés crónico. Finalmente se discute brevemente acerca del impacto negativo del estréscrónico sobre la salud del individuo.Abstarct:This article reviews the biopsicosocial model provided by Engel and the first studies in the field ofpsychoneuroimmunoendocrinology published by Solomon during the 60's and Ader during the 70's. it is pointed out thatadvances in medical technology and laboratory facilitated the beginning of studies in this field during the 80's. Extensivedata reports conclusive evidence of the interconnections between the brain, the nervous, endocrine and immune systems andthe development of disease. We discussed the emotional and physiological responses to stress as described by Lazarus,Cannon, and Selye. A new vision about stress is presented, taking into account the behavioral response to stress, life style,and chronic stress. Finally, we discussed briefly about the negative impact of chronic stress on health.

DE LA MENTE A LA CELULA: IMPACTO DEL ESTRES EN PSICONEUROINMUNOENDOCRINOLOGIA/ FROM THE MIND TO THE CELL: THE IMPACT OF STRESS ON PSICONEUROIMMUNOENDOCRINOLOGY

OpenAIRE

Manolete S. Moscoso*

2009-01-01

Resumen:El presente artículo revisa el concepto del modelo psicobiosocial presentado por Engel y los primeros estudios sobre lanueva ciencia de la psiconeuroinmunoendocrinología, publicados por Solomon en la década del 60', y Ader en la década del70'. Se hace mención a los avances modernos en tecnología médica y de laboratorio como el punto de partida de un extensonúmero de estudios multidisclinarios durante la década del 80' que demuestran la relación entre el cerebro, y los sistemasnervioso...

Technological study of experimental proton exchange polymer membrane fuel cells; Estudo tecnologico de celulas a combustivel experimentais a membrana polimerica trocadora de protons

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Santoro, Thais Aranha de Barros

2004-07-01

Experimental studies to achieve an optimized behavior of a unit PEM-fuel cell with an active area of 25cm{sup 2} were carried out. Polarization curves, surface response methodology and regression methodology were used for the analysis. The different methodologies identified the interactions between the parameters that were studied. These parameters were, humidifying temperature, fuel cell operating temperature and the flows of hydrogen and oxygen. MEAs were produced by the spray and hot pressing hybrid method, developed at IPEN. The studies were done with these MEAs and equivalent commercial ones. The MEAs producing method used induced an important variation on the quantity of platinum in the electrodes. This fact has showed to have a great influence in the results. The optimized values were: oxygen flow from 30 to 35% of consume (70 to 65% of excess), fuel cell operating temperature from 60 to 62 deg C and 0.41 mg of platinum in the electrodes. The hydrogen flows and the humidifying temperature have not showed a major influence in the fuel cell behavior, in the studied variable range. (author)

Establecimiento de un cultivo de celulas en suspensión de Eucalyptus cinérea Establishment of cell suspension culture of Eucalyptus cinerea

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Arias Zabala Mario

2002-06-01

Full Text Available Se desarrolla un protocolo para la obtención y establecimiento de suspensiones celulares de E. cinerea. La concentración de las hormonas 2,4 D Y BAP tienen un efecto significativo en la formación de callos friables de E. cinerea, obteniendo una respuesta periódica en la formación de callos friables con respecto a la concentración de las hormonas. Puede obtenerse hasta un 90% de formación de callos friables con varias combinaciones hormonales; primero, con concentraciones alrededor de 3,0 mg/L de 2,4 D Y 1,0 mg/L de BAp, y segundo, alrededor de 6,0 mg/L de 2,4 D Y1,0 mg/L de BAP. A partir de los callos anteriores, se obtienen suspensiones celulares con un activo crecimiento celular, con tiempos de duplicación entre cuatro y siete días, y alcanzando densidades celulares de 15 g células secas/L. Las suspensiones de E. cinerea ofrecen una herramienta importante para la propagación de esta especie vía embriogénesis somática, estudio de biorreactores, producción de metabolitos secundarios y procesos de biotransformación.A protocol is developed for obtaining and establishment of E. cinerea cell suspension. The concentration of hormones 2,4 D and BAP have a significant effect in the formation of friable callus of E. cinerea, obtaining a periodic answer in the formation of friable callus with regard to hormones concentration. It can be obtained until 90% of formation of friable callus in several hormone combinations, first with concentrations around 3,0 mg/L of 2,4 D and 1,0 mg/L of BAP; and second, around 6,0 mgIL of 2,4 D and 1,0 mg/L of BAP. Using the last callus, cell suspensions are obtained with an active cellular growth, with times of duplication between 4 and 7 days and obtaining cell densities of 15 g of dry cells/L. The suspensions of E. cinerea offer an important tool for the propagation of this specie by somatic embryogenesis, bioreactors study, production of secondary metabolites and biotransformation processes.

Operating Cell Temperature Determination in Flat-Plate Photovoltaic Modules; Calculo de la Temperature de Operacion de Celulas Solares en un Panel Fotovoltaico Plano

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Chenlo, F.

2002-07-01

Two procedures (simplified and complete) to determine the operating cell temperature in photovoltaic modules operating in real conditions assuming isothermal stationary modules are presented in this work. Some examples are included that show the dependence of this temperature on several environment (sky, ground and ambient temperatures, solar irradiance, wind speed, etc.) and structural (module geometry and size, encapsulating materials, antirreflexive optical coatings, etc) factors and also on electrical module performance. In a further step temperature profiles for non-isothermal modules are analysed besides transitory effects due to variable irradiance and wind gusts. (Author)

Evaluación tomográfica y radiográfica de la obturación radicular tridimensional de conductos radiculares únicos tratados con tres técnicas de obturación radicular: Estudio in Vitro

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Mónica Alexandra Pavón Granja

2016-09-01

Full Text Available El principal reto durante la terapia endodóntica es la obturación radicular, considerada como fase crítica ya que de esta va a depender el éxito o el fracaso. Por varios años se ha investigado tanto materiales como técnicas que permitan el sellado hermético tridimensional del sistema de conductos radiculares, biocompatibilidad que permita la adecuada reparación de los tejidos periapicales y que la obturación se mantenga con el tiempo proporcionando salud. Objetivo: Evaluar la adaptación tridimensional de tres técnicas de obturación radicular definitiva a nivel del tercio apical de conductos radiculares únicos. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de tipo experimental y aleatorizado, la muestra fue de 42 raíces de dientes uniradiculares divididos en 3 grupos de estudio (n=14, previamente se realizó un registro radiográfico periapical digital de toda la muestra posteriormente fueron instrumentados con técnica hibrida, desinfectados con NaOCl al 5,25% + activación ultrasónica y EDTA al 17%, GA fue sometido a técnica de obturación lateral en frío, GB aplicado técnica de obturación termomecánica McSpadden y GC se obturó con técnica termoplastificada (BeFill-VDW. Resultados: Los grupos C y B observados a través de tomografía computarizada presentaron mejores resultados de obturación radicular que el grupo A que no presentó un buen sellado apical, sin embargo, en el grupo C se observó mejores resultados que en A y B Conclusiones: Las técnicas de obturación radicular definitivas con la técnica termoplastificada mostraron ser ideales para proporcionar un sellado apical hermético durante el tratamiento endodóntico en la fase de obturación

Resistência de genótipos de caupi ao caruncho

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BARRETO PAULO DIÓGENES

2000-01-01

Full Text Available A utilização de resistência genética ao ataque de Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr. tem sido alvo de investigação científica, especialmente no que diz respeito à identificação de fontes de resistência. O presente trabalho objetivou incorporar, ao grupo de caracteres desejáveis para o cultivo de caupi (Vigna unguiculata (L. Walp., resistência genética ao caruncho (C. maculatus. Foram realizadas hibridações dos genótipos IT81D-1045 e IT81D-1064 (portadores de resistência ao inseto com CNCx 252-1E/FB, CNCx 187-22D-1 e BR 1-Poty (capazes de transferir resistência a viroses, tolerância à seca, formação de grãos com padrão comercial, elevado potencial de produção e adaptabilidade a diferentes condições ambientais. Populações segregantes obtidas destes cruzamentos foram conduzidas pelo método SPD (descendência de uma única vagem, e na geração F5 foram realizadas seleções individuais. As linhagens obtidas foram avaliadas em conjunto com materiais de origens diferentes, utilizando-se parâmetros associados à infestação da praga. Foi constatado que os genótipos avaliados apresentaram variabilidade quanto à preferência à postura, número de insetos emergidos e número de sementes danificadas; as linhas EVx 37-15E e EVx 37-2E foram as que sofreram menor dano causado pelo caruncho; as variáveis número de ovos, número de insetos emergidos e número de sementes danificadas mostraram-se positiva e significativamente correlacionadas entre si; o grupo das linhagens que descendem de genitores resistentes apresenta valores significativamente inferiores aos obtidos pelas demais, o que indica que a resistência ao inseto se transmite geneticamente.

Da “Cidade-Cyborg” à “Atmosfera-Cyborg”: contribuições à análise do espaço e do clima urbanos / From City-Cyborg To Atmosphere-Cyborg: Contributions To The Analysis Of Urban Space And Climate

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Reginaldo José Souza

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Vivemos em cidades que são híbridos socionaturais marcados, por um lado, por processos sociais de produção do espaço vinculados à reprodução do capital e, por outro, por eventos naturais oriundos das dinâmicas próprias de funcionamento do planeta. Nesse sentido, propomos um debate teórico sobre as relações entre a hibridação socionatural da cidade e uma abordagem integradora em climatologia, fundamentados na busca por superar algumas limitações, em termos de teoria e método nesta área, para enfatizar o caráter geográfico nas análises das dinâmicas atmosféricas assim como reforçar o necessário debate ambiental dos processos de produção do espaço urbano. Dessa forma, estruturamos o texto em três partes. Na primeira, apresentamos as fontes teóricas das metáforas “cidade-cyborg” e “atmosfera-cyborg” de que trata o título do artigo. Posteriormente, são introduzidas algumas notas sobre a produção do espaço urbano e os processos de diferenciação socioespacial. Por fim, apresentamos reflexões acerca da abordagem da Geografia do Clima proposta por João Lima Sant’Anna Neto e sua importância para os estudos do clima urbano em sua interface com as questões sociais nas cidades localizadas em países de economia periférica. O artigo é um esforço teórico dos autores, a partir de suas trajetórias de pesquisa e reflexões individuais, de integrar análises a respeito de aspectos da realidade que têm sido tratados de modo relativamente isolado. Palavras-Chave: Urbanização socionatural, cidade-cyborg, relações socioespaciais, Geografia do Clima.

Análise do pólen em dezoito cultivares de macieira Pollen analysis of eighteen apple cultivars

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Fernando Antonio Campo Dall'Orto

1985-01-01

Full Text Available Como subsídio essencial ao projeto de melhoramento genético da macieira (Malus spp. por hibridação e ao conhecimento da polinização natural nas condições do Estado de São Paulo, efetuaram-se estudos sobre a quantidade e a viabilidade do pólen existente em dezoito cultivares de maior interesse no momento. Constatou-se que, entre os cultivares mais utilizados nos cruzamentos, Anna, Brasil, Dulcina, Ein Shemer, Gala, Rainha e Valinhense, juntamente com as novas seleções - IAC 170-1 e IAC 570-38 - foram os que se apresentaram mais ricos de pólen, com número superior a 50.000 grãos por flor. Quanto à viabilidade polínica desse material estudado, a germinação situou-se em níveis bastante satisfatórios - quase sempre maior que 50% - mesmo quando se armazenou o pólen por um período de 70 dias, em ambiente frio (-1ºC em dessecadores.Aiming to find out variations in pollen quantity and viability in eighteen apple cultivars, analysis of "in vitro" germination was performed to contribute - as a parameter for genetic breeding by hybridization and as a pollination basis. The apple cultivars or selections recommended for commercial planting, at the mild climate conditions prevailing in the State of São Paulo, Brasil, and most utilized in crosses, are nowadays the following: Anna, Brasil, Dulcina, Ein Shemer, Gala, Rainha, Valinhense, IAC 170-1 and IAC 570-38. These cultivars presented more than 50 thousand pollen grains per one flower. The germination index observed (also an indicator of pollen viability was higher than 50 percent in great number of materials, indicating that the pollen of the apple plant, well prepared, can be stored in a cold and dry environment (a desiccator at -1ºC during a period of about 70 days.

Herdabilidade da necessidade de calor para a antese e brotação em pessegueiro Heritability of heat requirement for blooming and leafing in peach

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Idemir Citadin

2003-04-01

Full Text Available A herdabilidade da necessidade de calor para antese e brotação em pessegueiro [Prunus persica (L. Batsch] foi estudada em ramos de 16 cultivares e seleções de baixa, média e alta necessidade de calor e 11 progênies oriundas de hibridações entre elas. Os ramos foram submetidos, previamente, a 2 ºC por 500 horas para satisfazer a necessidade de frio. O valor estimado da herdabilidade média para a necessidade de calor em gemas florais foi de 45% e 57%, em 1999 e 2000, respectivamente. Para gemas vegetativas, o valor estimado foi de 30%, em 1999. 'BR-1', 'Barbosa', 'Chula', 'Chinoca' e 'Eldorado' transmitem melhor o caráter necessidade de calor para as progênies do que os demais genótipos estudados. Os registros observados suportam um modelo de herança quantitativa com genes de maior efeito para menor necessidade de calor. A seleção de indivíduos com maior necessidade de calor para floração tende a retardar a floração sem, contudo, retardar com a mesma intensidade a época de brotação.Heritability of heat requirement for blooming and leafing was investigated in peach [Prunus persica (L. Batsch], using artificially chilled excised shoots of 11 populations and 16 parental clones of low, intermediate and high heat requirement. The estimated values of broad sense heritability of heat requirement in flower buds were 45% and 57%, in 1999 and 2000, respectively. In leaf buds, the heritability was 30% in 1999. 'BR-1', 'Barbosa', 'Chula', 'Chinoca', and 'Eldorado' can transmit the heat requirement character better to offspring than the others studied genotypes. The data support a model for quantitative inheritance with partial dominance for low heat requirement. Seedling selection for high heat requirement delay blooming more than leafing.

Desempenho de diferentes estádios embrionários no cultivo in vitro de embriões de 'Pêra Rio' x 'Poncã' Perfomance of different embryo stage of sweet orange x mandarin cultivated in vitro

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Edvan Alves Chagas

2003-12-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se verificar qual o melhor estádio embrionário para o cultivo de embriões imaturos oriundos de frutos provenientes de hibridação entre 'Pêra Rio' x 'Poncã' , bem como o efeito de diferentes concentrações do meio de cultura MT. Os embriões em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento (globulares, torpedo e cordiforme foram excisados e inoculados em tubos de ensaio contendo 15 mL do meio MT com diferentes concentrações (0; 50; 100 e 150% da composição original e acrescido de 50 g.L-1 de sacarose. Após a inoculação, os embriões foram incubados à 27±1ºC, fotoperíodo de 16 horas e irradiância de 32 mmol.m-2.s-1. Após 90 dias, avaliou-se o comprimento da parte aérea e do sistema radicular, massa fresca e número de folhas das plântulas. Melhor desenvolvimento dos embriões imaturos foi obtido em estádio cotiledonar e com a concentração de 150% do meio MT.Embryos obtained from Citrus sinensis Osbeck 'Pêra Rio' x Citrus reticulata Blanco 'Poncã' crossings were excised in diverse phases of development and cultivated in different medium concentrations. Embryos in globular, torped and cotiledonary stage were excised and inoculated individually in test tubes with 15 mL in distinct MT medium concentrations (0; 50; 100 and 150% of original composition and added sucrose (50 g.L-1. After inoculation, the embryos were maintained in growth room at 27±1ºC, 16 hour photoperiod and 32 umol.m-2.s-1 irradiance. After 90 days, the length of the aerial part and roots system, fresh mass and number of leaves, were evaluated. The best results were obtained by incubating embryos in the cotiledonary stage, in MT medium with concentrations of 150%.

Development of perovskite cathodes for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC); Desenvolvimento de catodos de perovskitas para celula a combustivel solido de eletrolito solido (SOFC)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Perez, J. [UNESP, Araraquara, SP (Brazil). Inst. de Quimica], e-mail: joelma@iq.unesp.br; Pereira, J.T.; Saeki, M.J. [UNESP, Bauru, SP (Brazil). Faculdade de Ciencias

2006-07-01

Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) are energy conversion systems of great interest for industrial applications because they present a high efficiency for energy generation and several advantages for the environment. In this work, perovskite type oxides La{sub 085}Sr{sub 0,15}MnO{sub 3}, La{sub 0,7} Sr{sub 0,3}MnO{sub 3}, La{sub 0,6}Sr{sub 0,4}MnO{sub 3}, La{sub 0,85}Sr{sub 0,15}CoO{sub 3}, La{sub 0,7}Sr{sub 0,3}CoO{sub 3}, La{sub 0,6}Sr{sub 0,4}CoO{sub 3}, La{sub 0.6}Sr{sub 0,4}Fe{sub 0,8}Co{sub 0,2}O{sub 3} e La{sub 0.6}Sr{sub 0,4}Fe{sub 0,4}Co{sub 0,6}O{sub 3} were prepared by a polymeric method with the purpose of using them as cathodes in SOFCs. The electrochemical cell was mounted utilizing YSZ (ZrO{sub 2} - 8 mol%Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}) disks as electrolyte, where a paste containing Pt was calcined onto one face while the other one was covered with the oxide materials synthesized ('screen printing'). The oxide materials prepared were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electronic microscopy and thermogravimetry. The oxygen reduction reaction was studied by taking polarization curves in oxygen and/or air (800 deg C a 950 deg C). The best performance was obtained for 15 {mu}m thickness electrodes La{sub 0.6}Sr{sub 0,4}MnO{sub 3} and La{sub 0.6}Sr{sub 0,4}MnO{sub 3} with addition of dispersed Pt. (author)

Study of PtNi/C catalyst for direct ethanol fuel cell; Estudo do catalisador PtNi/C para celula a combustivel de etanol direto

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Moraes, L.P.R. de; Silva, E.L. da; Amico, S.C.; Malfatti, C.F., E-mail: eticiaprm@gmail.com [Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS (Brazil)

2014-07-01

In this work, PtNi binary catalyst and pure platin catalyst were synthesized by the impregnation-reduction method, using Vulcan XC72R as support, for direct ethanol fuel cells. The composition and structure of the catalysts were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, the electrochemical behavior was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and morphology of the catalysts was studied by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the addition of Ni to Pt led to the contraction of the crystal lattice, increased the catalytic activity compared to pure Pt and initiated the electrooxidation of ethanol at lower potential. (author)

Cogeneration, micro turbines and fuel cells: perspectives for distributed generation in Brazil; Cogeracao, microturbinas e celulas a combustivel: perspectivas para geracao distribuida no Brasil

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Leite, Marco Antonio Haikal [PETROBRAS, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Centro de Pesquisas (CENPES)

2004-07-01

Brazil has a large potential to install distributed generation systems, using natural gas or renewable like solar, wind or biomass energy. Regarding urban centers, natural gas fired cogeneration and other distributed energy technologies find economical applications. Cogeneration is defined as the generation of two kinds of useful energy from a single energy source. Usually, electrical energy and thermal energy as steam or hot water are produced. By using the absorption refrigeration cycle, chilled water can also be produced to be used in air conditioned systems, often called tri generation, a good alternative to industries, commercial buildings, shopping centers, hospitals, schools and universities. Micro turbines find utilization whenever natural gas is available, but not electricity, like gas compression installations, unmanned platforms or remote production fields. Fuel cells are used in systems requiring high levels of reliability or wherever the non availability cost is high. This paper describe technical and economical data related to PETROBRAS Research Center (CENPES) 3,200 kW electric energy and 1,000 RT chilled water cogeneration system, 200 kW fuel cell and 30 kW and 60 kW microturbines. (author)

Estudos sobre a regeneração do figado - variação do volume nuclear das celulas hepáticas em repouso divisional

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Fernando Ubatuba

1948-12-01

Full Text Available Surgical removal of large amounts of hepatic tissue in male albino rats results in a rapid and conspicuous raise in cellular nuclear volumes. Measurements were made exclusively in resting nuclei. This volume variation is transitory. Nuclear volumes return to the normal value withins 6 days of restoration. The higher value are abserved 48 hours after the hepatic removal, indicating probably that this effect is due to hydration of the nucei, as occurs in the cytoplasm. This hydration could be correlated to the mitotic activity of the renmant tissue since a peak of mitoses parallels the changes in the nuclear volumes.

The utilization of natural gas in the electricity production through fuel cell; A utilizacao do gas natural na geracao distribuida atraves de celulas combustiveis

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Bernardi Junior, Paulo

2004-07-01

In function of the necessity of electric energy as input of vital importance for the development of the country, this work aims at to offer plus an energy alternative for Brazil. The exploitation of the natural gas reserves recently discovered can be made through modern methods that give as priority the distributed generation and the low ambient impact. All these aspects can be gotten with the use of fuel cell, working with the remodelled natural gas. Increased to the factor of a low ambient impact in the proper generation, the project suggests that the generating source can be located next the consumer, diminishing still more the problems generated for transmission lines, fuel transport, etc. The fuel cell has received a great attention in the international community and some models, some already in commercial period of training, they have shown excellent possibilities of capsize to be one of the future technologies in the generation of electric energy with low ambient impact. (author)

Snake venoms components with antitumor activity in murine melanoma cells; Componentes derivados de venenos de serpentes com acao antitumoral em celulas de melanoma murino

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Queiroz, Rodrigo Guimaraes

2012-07-01

Despite the constant advances in the treatment of cancer, this disease remains one of the main causes of mortality worldwide. So, the development of new treatment modalities is imperative. Snake venom causes a variety of biological effects because they constitute a complex mixture of substances as disintegrins, proteases (serine and metalo), phospholipases A2, L-amino acid oxidases and others. The goal of the present work is to evaluate a anti-tumor activity of some snake venoms fractions. There are several studies of components derived from snake venoms with this kind of activity. After fractionation of snake venoms of the families Viperidae and Elapidae, the fractions were assayed towards murine melanoma cell line B16-F10 and fibroblasts L929. The results showed that the fractions of venom of the snake Notechis ater niger had higher specificity and potential antitumor activity on B16-F10 cell line than the other studied venoms. Since the components of this venom are not explored yet coupled with the potential activity showed in this work, we decided to choose this venom to develop further studies. The cytotoxic fractions were evaluated to identify and characterize the components that showed antitumoral activity. Western blot assays and zymography suggests that these proteins do not belong to the class of metallo and serine proteinases. (author)

Atividade de três drogas antivirais sobre os herpesvírus bovino tipos 1, 2 e 5 em cultivo celular Activity of three antiviral drugs against bovine herpesviruses 1, 2 and 5 in cell culture

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Renata Dezengrini

2010-10-01

Full Text Available A atividade de três fármacos antivirais (Aciclovir [ACV], Ganciclovir [GCV] e Foscarnet [PFA] foi testada in vitro frente aos herpesvírus bovino tipos 1 (BoHV-1, 2 (BoHV-2 e 5 (BoHV-5. Para isso, utilizou-se o teste de reducao de placas virais em cultivo celular, testando-se diferentes concentracoes dos farmacos frente a 100 doses infectantes para 50% dos cultivos celulares (DICC50 dos respectivos virus. Pelo teste de MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol- 2-yl-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, verificou-se que concentracoes inferiores a 200ƒÊg/mL dos tres antivirais resultaram em indices de viabilidade de celulas MDBK e Hep2 superiores a 80%. Com base na concentracao citotoxica para 50% das celulas (CC50 e na concentracao dos farmacos efetiva para inibir em 50% o numero de placas virais (EC50, calculou-se o indice de seletividade (IS dos antivirais para os tres herpesvirus. Assim, o ACV demonstrou ser moderadamente ativo frente ao BoHV-1 (EC50: 112,9ƒÊg/mL e IS: 4,5, ao BoHV-2 (EC50: 114,2 ƒÊg/mL e IS: 4,5 e BoHV-5 (EC50: 96,9ƒÊg/mL e IS: 5,3. O GCV apresentou atividade moderada frente ao BoHV-2 (EC50: 33,5ƒÊg/mL e IS: 16,6 e, em menor grau, contra o BoHV-5 (EC50: 123,2ƒÊg/mL e IS: 4,5, sendo ineficaz frente ao BoHV-1 (EC50: 335,8ƒÊg/mL e IS: 1,7. O PFA apresentou atividade antiviral mais pronunciada, sendo o unico farmaco que, na concentracao de 100ƒÊg/mL, inibiu completamente a producao de placas pelos tres virus testados. O PFA foi o mais efetivo in vitro frente ao BoHV-1 (EC50: 29,5ƒÊg/mL e IS: 42,2, ao BoHV-2 (EC50: 45,2ƒÊg/mL e IS: 27,6 e ao BoHV-5 (EC50: 7,8ƒÊg/mL e IS: 160,6. Portanto, os resultados obtidos indicam que o PFA pode se constituir em um candidato para terapia experimental de infeccoes pelos herpesvirus de bovinos in vivo.The activity of three anti-herpetic drugs (Acyclovir [ACV], Gancyclovir [GCV] and Foscarnet [PFA] was tested against bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1, 2 (BoHV-2 and 5 (BoHV-5 in vitro using the

Evaluation of the radio modifier effect of propolis on chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) and human prostate cancer (PC3) cells, irradiated with 60-CO; Avaliacao do efeito radiomodificador da propolis em celulas de ovario de hamster chines (CHO-K1) e em celulas tumorais de prostata (PC3), irradiadas com CO-60

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Santos, Geyza Spigoti

2011-07-01

In the last decades, it has been given a great interest to investigations concerning natural, effective, nontoxic compounds with radioprotective potential together with the increasing utilization of different types of ionizing radiation for various applications. Among them propolis, a resinous compound produced by honeybees (Apis mellifera), has been considered quite promising, since it presents several advantageous biological characteristics, i. e., anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic, antioxidant and also free radical scavenging action. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Brazilian propolis, collected in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) and human prostate cancer (PC3) cells, irradiated with {sup 60}Co {gamma} radiation. For this purpose, three interlinked parameters were analyzed: micronucleus induction, cell viability and clonogenic death. The choice of these parameters was justified by their biological significance, in addition to the fact that they are readily observable and measurable in irradiated cells. The cytogenetic data obtained showed a radioprotective effect of propolis (5-100 {mu}g/ml) in the induction of DNA damage for both cell lines, irradiated with doses of 1 - 4 Gy. The cytotoxicity assay, however, showed a prominent antiproliferative effect of propolis (50 - 400{mu}/ml) in PC3 cells irradiated with 5 G{gamma}. The survival curves obtained were adequately fitted by a linear-quadratic model, where the {alpha} coefficient was higher in CHO-K1 cells. Concerning the clonogenic capacity, PC3 cells were more radiosensitive than CHO-K1 cells at the higher doses of the survival curve. Propolis at the concentrations of 30 - 100 {mu}g/ml, did not influence the clonogenic potential of PC3 cells, since the survival curves, associated or not with propolis, were found similar, although the combined treatment in CHO-K1 cells exhibited a stimulating proliferative effect. The data obtained in vitro showed a potential use of propolis AF-08, a natural and nontoxic compound, in the prevention against the adverse effect of ionizing radiation, at the doses and concentrations here analyzed. (author)

Platinum catalysts recovery of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell; Recuperacao de catalisadores de platina da celula a combustibel de membrana polimerica trocadora de protons

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fukurozaki, S.H.; Seo, E.S.M. [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil). Centro de Ciencia e Tecnologia de Materiais. Lab. de Processamento de Residuos

2006-07-01

Currently, platinum is the most feasible catalyst for the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells - PEMFC. Along with platinum's significant importance in this energy system are the high cost of this noble metal and its detrimental effects on the environment. Therefore, recycling this material seems as an alternative to decrease its impacts on the environment and, at the same time, to provide a reduction of the system's costs. A search was conducted for literature and studies about platinum recycling methods. However, only two techniques of platinum recovery, which are still in development, were found. In face of this situation, a recovery method of platinum from deactivated Membrane Electrode Assembly - MEA's was developed, with attention to aspects related to the environment and the necessary requirements for its primary recycling. The results found showed a high recovery ratio and a possibility to reintroduce this metal into the production cycle. (author)

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor: a case report and review of the literature; Tumor desmoplastico de pequenas celulas: relato de caso e revisao da literatura

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Pinto, Luiz Gustavo Teixeira [Hospital e Maternidade Marieta Konder Bornhausen, Itajai, SC (Brazil). Servico de Medicina Interna; Isberner, Rony Klaus [Hospital e Maternidade Marieta Konder Bornhausen, Itajai, SC (Brazil). Servico de Radiologia]. E-mail: ronyklaus@terra.com.br; Scolaro, Bruno Lorenzo [Universidade do Vale do Itajai, SC (Brazil). Curso de Medicina]. E-mail: brunoscolaro@yahoo.com.br; Sezerino, Daniel Oseias [Universidade do Vale do Itajai, SC (Brazil). Curso de Medicina. Disciplina de Anatomia Patologica; Almeida, Daniel da Silva [Hospital e Maternidade Marieta Konder Bornhausen, Itajai, SC (Brazil). Servico de Radiologia e Diagnostico por Imagem

2006-10-15

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor is a rare and highly aggressive neoplasm that predominantly occurs in young adult males. Pain and abdominal distention are frequent, ascites could be observed. His histogenesis is uncertain and the most common location is the peritoneal cavity. This tumor is characterized by presenting a distinct morphology and polyphenotypic differentiation. We present in this report the case of an adolescent admitted in the service of Internal Medicine and Radiology of the Hospital and Maternity Marieta Konder Bornhausen, Itajai, SC, Brazil, in year 2005. (author)

Photovoltaic network connection portraits (XIV): The issue of hot cells; Retraso de la conexion fotovoltaica a la red (XIV): El asunto de las celulas calientes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lorenzo, E.; Martinez, F.; Moreton, R.

2009-07-01

In some cases due to plants performance is not as correct as hoped, and in some other, simply because the nice colors of the thermographs resulted very attractive to plenty of people; many photovoltaic generators have been profusely thermography within the current year. It has caused a special interest on hot cells phenomenon, that is to say those cells which operate at a significantly higher temperature than other placed in the same panel. (Author) 4 refs.

Hydrogen purification for fuel cells using gold catalysts promoted with copper; Purificacao de hidrogenio para celulas a combustivel utilizando catalisadores de ouro promovidos com cobre

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mozer, Thiago Simonato; Passos, Fabio Barboza [Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niteroi, RJ (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia Quimica e de Petroleo. Lab. de Reatores, Cinetica e Catalise (RECAT)]. E-mail: mozer@vm.uff.br

2008-07-01

The selective CO oxidation in the presence of H2 was investigated on Au catalysts promoted with different amounts of Cu. Au catalysts were prepared by the deposition-precipitation method and exhibited a satisfactory activity at 50 deg C with adequate selectivity. The addition of Cu to Au/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} catalysts caused an increase in the selectivity to CO oxidation due to an interaction between Au and Cu on the surface of the catalysts. However, this beneficial effect was limited to an optimal content of Cu. Through the temperature programmed reduction (TPR) and ultraviolet visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS) techniques, the formation of small bimetallic Au-Cu particles was verified. The best result was obtained with 2.5% Au-0.5% Cu/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} catalyst, the CO conversion was higher than 95% and the selectivity was around 70% at 50 deg C. The catalysts showed stable catalytic activity during 24 hours time -on-stream. In the presence of H{sub 2}O and CO{sub 2}, a small decrease in the CO conversion was observed in the stability test, probably due to the deactivation caused by the CO{sub 2} presence. (author)

Estudio de la reaccion de sulfurizacion de precursores Cu/In para la formacion de capas delgadas policristalinas de CuInS2 para celulas solares

OpenAIRE

Barcones Campo, Beatriz; Álvarez García, Jacobo; Calvo-Barrio, L.; Pérez Rodríguez, Alejandro; Romano Rodríguez, Alberto; Morante i Lleonart, Joan Ramon; Scheer, R.; Klenk, R.; Pietzker, Ch.

2004-01-01

En este trabajo se presenta un estudio detallado de los procesos implicados en la sulfurización de capas metálicas de Cu-In para la fabricación de células solares de CuInS2. Con este objeto, se ha desarrollado un experimento de sulfurización parcial de las capas, que han sido sometidas posteriormente a un tratamiento de selenización. El estudio de estas estructuras mediante Espectroscopía Raman y Espectroscopía de Electrones Auger (AES) ha permitido conocer algunos de los detalles de la reacc...

PET/MRI: a novel hybrid imaging technique: major clinical indications and preliminary experience in Brazil; PET/RM: um novo metodo de imagem hibrida: principais indicacoes clinicas e experiencia preliminar no Brasil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vitor, Taise; Martins, Karine Minaif; Ionescu, Tudor Mihai and others, E-mail: taisevitor@gmail.com [Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

2017-04-01

In recent years, medical imaging with hybrid techniques has widely accepted and employed in clinical routine. PET/MRI offers significant advantages, including excellent contrast and resolution and reduced ionizing radiation, as compared to well-established PET/ CT. Therefore, PET/MRI is a promising modality for oncologic imaging of some regions, such as brain, head and neck, liver and pelvis. This article set out to analyze clinical conditions that could benefit from PET/MRI imaging based on our caseload. The potential of PET/MRI to become the imaging modality of choice for assessment of neurologic and oncologic conditions associated with soft tissues is highlighted. Clinical aspects of PET/MRI and its application to clinical cases are illustrated with examples extracted from the authors' preliminary experience. (author)

Attachment evaluation of embryonic stem cells on a pau-coated non-woven fabric: a potential source for bioartificial assist devices

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Alejandro Soto Gutiérrez

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Las células embrionicas han sido estudiadas recientemente como un recurso atractivo para la construcción de órganos artificiales. La proliferación y subsiguiente diferenciación de las células embrionicas dentro de los mismos dispositivos artificiales deben ser consideras. Recientemente, hemos desarrollado un hígado bioartificial usando una tela sintética con fibras huecas recubiertas con un poliaminouretano, el cual facilita la atracción celular dentro del dispositivo hepático. En esta ocasión hemos evaluado la capacidad de atracción celular de las células embrionicas y de cuerpos embrionicos así como la funcionalidad de hepatocitos derivados de células embrionicas de raton en la fibra sintetica. Para diferenciar un gran numero de hepatocitos derivados de las celulas embrionicas, nosotros formamos cuerpos embrionicos y los expusimos al factor 2 de creciemiento de los fibrobastos y a la forma sintetica del factor de crecimiento de los hepatocitos asi como dimetilsulfoxido y dexametasona. La adherencia celular y morfología sobre la fibra sintetica fue evaluada regularmente usando microscopio electronico (SEM. Para evaluar la diferenciación celular examinamos la expresión del gen de la albúmina. Para probar la función de los hepatocitos derivados in Vitro, nosotros evaluamos la capacidad de metabolizar amonio y lidocaina, encontramos que las células cultivadas sobre la fibra sintética expresan y secretan mayores cantidades de albúmina y metabolizan significativamente mejor que los controles. En este trabajo de investigación hemos demostrado que existe una adecuada atracción de las células embrionicas de ratón cultivadas sobre la fibra sintética y que también son capaces de diferenciarse en hepatocitos funcionales. Por esta razón, el cultivo y subsiguiente diferenciación de las células embrionicas sobre la fibra sintética podría ser útil en el desarrollo de biosoportes para la construcción de hígados bio

Teor e composição química do óleo essencial de Hyptis marrubioides Epl., Lamiaceae em função da sazonalidade = Content and chemical composition of Hyptis marrubioides essential oil in function of seasons

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Suzan Kelly Vilela Bertolucci

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Os oleos essenciais sao principios odoriferos armazenados em celulas especiais da planta. O oleo essencial no genero Hyptis e usado como anestesico, antiespasmodico, antiinflamatorio e pode induzir aborto em doses elevadas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influencia da sazonalidade no teor e composicao do oleo essencial de Hyptis marrubioides. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos (inverno, primavera, verao e outono e seis repeticoes, totalizando 60 plantas. O oleo essencial foi extraido por hidrodestilacao, em aparelho de Clevenger. A analise qualitativa do oleo essencial foi por cromatografia em fase gasosa (CG/EM. Na estacao do verao, as folhas das plantas de H. marrubiodes apresentaram os maiores teores de oleo essencial. Nas demais estacoes, os teores de oleo essencial obtidos foram semelhantes entre si. Os componentes majoritarios no oleo essencial foram os monoterpenoides α-tujona e β-tujona. As concentracoes relativas dos picos correspondentes a β-tujona nao apresentaram diferencas consideraveis nas quatro estacoes. Os sesquiterpenoides oxigenados (cedrol e cariofilenol e nao-oxigenados (α-copaeno, β-cariofileno, germacreno D e cadaleno foram encontrados em menores quantidades no oleo essencial, entretanto observam-se diferencas quantitativas ao longo das estacoes.Essential oils are odorous principles stored in special plant cells. The essential oil in the Hyptis genus is traditionally used as an anesthetic, antispasmodic, antiinflammatory, and can induce abortion in high doses. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the influence of seasons in essential oil content and chemical composition of species H. marrubioides. A completely randomized complete design was used with four treatments (winter, spring, summer and autumn and six replications, totaling 60 plants. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation with a Clevenger apparatus. The qualitative analysis of the

Efecto de la adición de nopal ( Opuntia ficus - indica a la dieta de cerdas lactantes sobre la producción y calidad de la leche

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Ruy Ortiz - Rodríguez

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Se evaluó el efecto de la adición de nopal ( Opuntia ficus - indica a la dieta de cerdas lactantes sobre la producción y calidad de la lech e. 22 cerdas hibridas (Yorkshire x Landrace x Pietrain, próximas al parto fueron seleccionadas al azar , con las que se formaron dos grupos (G: G testigo (GT (n=11 cerdas que recibieron alimento balanceado ad libitum y G experimental (GE (n=11 cerdas que recibieron 1% d - 1 de nopal cerda - 1 ( con respecto al peso corporal de la cerda antes del parto más alimento balanceado ad libitum durante 21 días de lactación. Las variables evaluadas fueron: producción láctea en lo s días 6, 10 y 15 postparto, así como los porcentajes de: lactosa, proteína y grasa en leche en los días 3, 11 y 17 de lactación. La información recabada se analizó mediante la metodología de mediciones repetidas y las diferencias entre grupos se obtuviero n a través de medias de mínimos cuadrados. No se encontró efecto de grupo sobre la producción láctea ( P = 0. 4904 . S in embargo , el pico de producción láctea fue a l 15 vo día de lactación: 9.1 y 8.7 kg de leche para GE y GT, respectivamente. Los promedio s (% general es de los componentes físico - quimicos de la leche: lactosa (6.6±0. 5 7 , proteína (4.5±0.4 0 y grasa (7.9±1.6 no fue ron afectado s por el grupo (P>0.05. La adición de nopal a la dieta de cerdas lactantes no modifica la producción ni los componen tes físico - químicos (proteína, lactosa y grasa de la leche de las cerdas lo que asegura el desarrollo del lechón del nacimiento al destete (21 días de edad .

Enriquecimento de bactérias anaeróbias oxidadoras de amônia - anammox Enrichment of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria - anammox

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Juliana Calábria de Araújo

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Bactérias anaeróbias oxidadoras de amônia (bactérias Anammox, do inglês anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria foram enriquecidas em reator em batelada sequencial (RBS, a partir de lodo proveniente de um sistema convencional de lodos ativados tratando esgoto doméstico de Belo Horizonte (MG. Após três meses de cultivo, atividade Anammox foi detectada no sistema pelo consumo de quantidades estequiométricas de NO2- e NH4+. Análises de hibridação in situ fluorescente (FISH, do inglês fluorescent in situ hybridization confirmaram a presença de bactérias Anammox, provavelmente Candidatus Brocadia anammoxidans, e revelaram que estas representavam 53% do total de células (após 6 meses de cultivo. O desempenho do reator ao longo dos sete meses de operação demonstrou remoção quase que total de nitrito, baseada em concentração afluente de 61 a 95 mg N-NO2-/L. A eficiência máxima de remoção de amônia alcançada foi de 95%, a partir de concentração afluente de 55 a 82 mg N-NH4+/L.Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (Anammox bacteria were enriched from sludge collected at a conventional activated sludge system treating domestic wastewater of Belo Horizonte(MG, Brazil, employing a sequencing batch reactor (SBR. After three months of cultivation, Anammox activity was detected in the system by the consumption of stoichiometric amounts of NO2- and NH4+. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH results revealed the presence of Anammox bacteria (probably Candidatus Brocadia anammoxidans and showed that they accounted for 53% of the total bacterial population (after 6 months of cultivation. The reactor performance during the seven months of operation showed a near perfect removal of nitrite, based on the influent NO2--N concentration of 61-95 mg/L. The maximum ammonia removal efficiency was 95% from the influent N-NH4+ concentration of 55-82 mg/L.

Molecular identification of Pseudoplatystoma sp. fish fillets by Multiplex PCR / Identificação molecular de filés de peixe Pseudoplatystoma sp. por PCR-Multiplex

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Cátia Maria de Oliveira Lobo

2014-08-01

existem diferenças entre as espécies comercializadas e as informações declaradas no rótulo. Espécies em que a hibridação tem sido frequentemente realizada como é o caso do pintado e da cachara, merecem atenção especial.

La escoba de bruja del cacao [Crinipellis perniciosa (Stahel Singer] en la región del Piedemonte Llanero de Colombia: la dinámica de la producción de escobas y el periodo de latencia

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Tovar Germán

1991-06-01

Full Text Available

El objetivo de esta investigación fue estudiar la dinámica   de la formación de escobas en el tiempo, el periodo verde y el periodo seco de la escoba y Ia capacidad de regeneración de las mismas después de su remoción. EI estudio se realizo durante varios años en tres plantaciones hibridas de cacao de 5, 7 Y 12 años. Las tasas de infección variaron de un año a otro y estuvieron relacionadas con la cantidad de inóculo inicial (Xo. La proporción de enfermedad de un año a otro o incremento anual del numero de escobas fue relativamente constante con un intervalo de variación entre 1: 1,5, Y 1: 2,5. La mayor parte de las escobas tuvieron un periodo verde entre 4 y 6 semanas. El periodo seco o de inducción de la fructificación del hongo fue variable y su duración depende de la época del año en que ocurre la infección, con un mínima de 14 semanas y un máximo de 54 semanas. EI ciclo de la enfermedad es predominantemente anual a monocíclico dentro de un año y poliético a través de varios años, lo cual determina la periocidad anual de la pacta fitosanitaria de las escobas para el control de Ia enfermedad. La brotación enferma después de la remoción de las escobas fue de 6,3% y su desarrollo fue escaso (3 em, lo cual sugiere que la poda fitosanitaria de las escobas es una medida eficaz desde el punto de vista de reducción del inóculo (xo, estrategia de control especialmente relevante.

Melhoramento do cafeeiro: XXIX - Produtividade de cafeeiros de porte reduzido Coffee breeding: XXIX - Productivity of dwarf coffee cultivars

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C.S. Novaes Antunes

1964-01-01

Full Text Available Os cultivares de porte pequeno mais promissores da coleção de cafeeiros da Seção de Genética foram plantados em um ensaio comparativo, instalado em 1954, em Campinas. Os dados de sete anos de colheitas dêsse ensaio revelaram que a progênie de prefixo C 1039-48 do cultivar 'São Bernardo' foi a de melhor produção, e a de prefixo C 1034-4 'San Ramon', a de produção mais reduzida. Outras observações foram efetuadas atinentes à altura das plantas, resistência à geada, tipos de sementes produzidas e tamanho das sementes do tipo chato, analisadas pela peneira média, a fim de melhor caracterizar êsses cultivares. Os resultados colhidos dão informações úteis para o trabalho de melhoramento, indicando plantas e progênies a serem utilizadas principalmente nas hibridações com outros cultivares selecionados.The increasing cost of labor is leading the breeders to select coffee strains with low height which give high yield per area and facilitate the harvesting operation. The present paper refers to a trial established to compare the yielding ability of twelve dwarf coffee progenies of 'Caturra Amarelo', 'Caturra Vermelho', 'San Ramon', 'San Ramon x Bourbon', 'San Ramon x Maragogipe' and 'São Bernardo'. After seven consecutive harvests the total weight of coffee cherries was analysed. It was found that only the progeny 'São Bernardo' - C 1039-48 had a significant higher yield than the tester 'Caturra Vermelho' - C 477-8. The two 'Caturra Amarelo' progenies were in the same group of C 1039-48. Small variation was noticed in connection with bean size and percentages of flat, peaberry and elephant beans. The progenies of cultivar 'São Bernardo' had the largest beans and the highest percentages of normal flat beans. Concerning frost resistance some variation was observed in the susceptibility of the progenies to low temperatures. Only the progeny C 1036-36 revealed to be resistant. The best plants selected in this trial will be used in

Preparation of PVDF and PTFE membranes for fuel cell use; Preparacao de membranas de PVDF e PTFE enxertadas e sulfonadas para uso em celula a combustivel

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Geraldes, Adriana N.; Zen, Heloisa A.; Ferreira, Henrique P.; Parra, Duclerc F.; Lugao, Ademar B.; Linardi, Marcelo [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)], e-mail: angeral@ipen.br

2007-07-01

Grafting of styrene onto polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was studied using styrene/toluene solutions. First, PTFE and PVDF films were prepared and the process was conducted by radiation induced graft polymerization of styrene, by a Co{sup 60} source. Films of PTFE and PVDF were immersed in styrene/toluene at 1:1 (v/v) concentration and then submitted to gamma radiation at 20 kGy doses. After irradiation, the samples were evaluated at the period of 21 days at room temperature in order to observe the grafting degree. Chemical changes in the PVDF and PTFE films after styrene grafting were monitored and the results were evaluated by FTIR, DSC, TGA and degree of grafting (DOG). The ion exchange capacity (IEC) after sulfonation of 1, 2 and 24 hours were also determined. (author)

Characterization and improvement gas diffusion layer of low temperature fuel cell; Caracterizacao e aprimoramento da camada difusora de celulas a combustivel de funcionamento a baixa temperatura

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ramos, C.Z.; Dantas, R.; Oliveira, I.S. de; Azevedo, C.M.N.; Pires, M. [Pontificia Univ. Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUC-RS), Porto Alegre, RS (Brazil). Faculdade de Quimica; Canalli, V. [Pontificia Univ. Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUC-RS), Porto Alegre, RS (Brazil). Faculdade de Engenharia

2006-07-01

In low temperature fuel cells the main part is the membrane electrode assembly (MEA). The gas diffusion layer is a component of the MEA, being a composite material constituted by carbon powder and polytetrafluoroethylene, used to increases hydrofobicity, fundamental characteristic in water transport into system. In this work methods were adapted with the aim to a better characterization of the diffusion layer by the measuring the following parameter: contact angle and hysteresis; morphology, thickness and porosity. From these characterization results optimized MEAS will be produced to better fuel cell performance. (author)

Stem Cells and Blood: Where have we come from... and where are we going?; Celulas Madre y sangre: De donde venimos y... donde vamos a parar

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bueren, J. A.

2011-07-01

Since 1961, they year when the first trial that characterized the behaviour of a stem cell in mice exposed to high doses of radiation was described, research in this field has proceeded at an unpredictable place. Knowledge of the function of hematopoietic stem cells which are responsible for forming blood cells facilitated the development of therapies based on the transplant of bone marrow and other cell source, e. g. blood from the umbilical cord. These breakthroughs, together with the progress of molecular biology and virology, made it possible to manipulate the genome of hematopoietic stem cells so effectively and safely that the transplant of genetically modified cells has become a variable therapeutic alternative for the treatment of certain genetic diseases and also cancer. This brief article describes some of the contributions that our Hematopoiesis and Gene Therapy Division of the CIEMAT and the CIBER for Rare Diseases has been developing in this fascinating field of stem cells and gene therapy, in the context of the international research being carried out in this area. (Author) 34 refs.

Radiation therapy for the treatment of feline advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma; A utilizacao da radioterapia no tratamento do carcinoma de celulas escamosas cutaneo felino avancado

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cunha, S.C.S.; Corgozinho, K.B.; Ferreira, A.M.R, E-mail: simonecsc@gmail.com [Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niteroi, RJ (Brazil); Carvalho, L.A.V. [Coordenacao dos Programas de Pos-Graduacao em Engenharia (COPPE/UFRJ), RJ (Brazil); Holguin, P.G.

2014-02-15

The efficacy of radiation therapy for feline advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma was evaluated. A full course radiation therapy protocol was applied to six cats showing single or multiple facial squamous cell carcinomas, in a total of seven histologically confirmed neoplastic lesions. Of the lesions, one was staged as T{sub 1}, and six as T{sub 4} according to WHO staging system of epidermal tumors. The animals were submitted to twelve radiation fractions of 4 Gy each, on a Monday-Wednesday-Friday schedule, and the equipment used was an orthovoltage unit. Energy used was 120 kV, 15 mA and 2 mm aluminum filter. The cats were evaluated during the treatment and 30 and 60 days after the end of the radiation therapy. In this study, 87% of the lesions had complete remission and 13% partial remission to the treatment. Side effects were considered mild according to Veterinary Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Toxicity criteria, and included erythema, epilation and rhinitis. Radiation Therapy was considered safe for feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, leading to mild side effects and can represent a good therapeutic option. (author)

Co-sintering of CGO/NIO-CGO bilayers for solid oxide fuel cell; Co-sinterizacao de bi-camadas anodo/eletrolito para celulas a combustivel de oxido solido

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Neto, P.P.B.; Grilo, J.P.F.; Souza, G.L.; Macedo, D.A.; Paskocimas, C.A.; Nascimento, R.M., E-mail: pbritoneto@gmail.com [Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN (Brazil)

2012-07-01

Reducing the operating temperature of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) for the range between 500 and 700°C is one of the challenges which more has aroused the interest of research in SOFC in recent years. In this context, the bilayer anode/electrolyte composed of a porous support based on Ni-doped ceria (anode) and a ceria doped gadolinia (CGO) electrolyte, presents itself as one of the half-cell configurations of the most interest towards the production of electricity in the operating logic of a SOFC. In this work, CGO films were successfully prepared on NiO-CGO substrates using the resources of the screen-printing technique. The bi-layers were co-sintered between 1350 and 1450 ° C for 4 h and then characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed good adhesion at the film/substrate interface and no cracks in the films. (author)

Electric power generation using photovoltaic solar cells for low income rural population; Geracao de energia eletrica com celula solar fotovoltaica para populacao rural de baixa renda

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gastaldi, Andre Fava; Souza, Teofilo Miguel de; Mesquita, Rafael Pimenta [Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Guaratingueta, SP (Brazil). Centro de Energias Renovaveis], e-mail: teofilo@feg.unesp.br

2004-07-01

With the growing electric energy use demand and almost not expansion of the energy mesh (basically composed by hydroelectric plants) existing in the country, several others methods of alternative energy generation may be necessary. Beyond that, the usually employed energy is becoming much more costly, rarer and politically more impracticable like burn fuels as oil and coal. The use of renewable approaches of energy, that are 'infinite' energies (as the wind and the light of the sun, for example), can become an excellent alternative. In this new energy group, the solar energy transformed by the use of photo voltage cells is becoming very important. The 'clear' solar radiation tends to be a more intelligent and practical option, and the future technology of energy storage will be able to solve the problem of the regions that have less sunny days. Its main advantages on the other alternative sources of energy are the trustworthiness and the previsibility. Its biggest disadvantage consists on the fact that technical limitations can not allow a solar energy generator to distribute electricity for a city. It is interesting to notice that with the development of projects as this in alternative energy, isolated areas that does not access electricity distribution network (as some far regions), it has become the most viable option of generation of electric energy. Another point is that even with the distribution network it has to be checked if it is possible to use this electricity consulting the company credential that work at those localities of consumption. Moreover, many regions of the country already installed the solar energy system for water heating, confirming that, the existing structure allows the installation of a a solar cells generation energy system without many problems. In this project, we introduce a method for electric energy generation by solar cells for rural population of low gains. This option uses low cost materials but with a good quality level. Also presents a comparative table showing a kit for rural areas employment which is constituted of: 3 fluorescent light bulbs (power of 9 W, 3 hours per day, 7 days per week), 1 T.V. of 14' ' (power of 15 W, 3 hours per day, 7 days per week) and 1 Radio (power of 5 W, 6 hours per day, 5 days per week). (author)

Interpenetrating polymer network membranes for fuel cells: infrared vibrational spectroscopy; Membranes baseadas dm redes polimericas interpenetrantes para celulas a combustivel: estudo por espectroscopia vibracional no infravermelho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Loureiro, Felipe A.M.; Rocco, Ana Maria [Grupo de Materiais Condutores e Energia, Escola de Quimica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)], e-mail: amrocco@eq.ufrj.br; Pereira, Robson Pacheco [Instituto de Ciencias Exatas, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Volta Redonda, RJ (Brazil)

2011-07-01

In the present work, proton conductive membranes based on IPN matrices doped with H{sub 3}PO{sub 4} were developed. The characterization by infrared vibrational spectroscopy evidenced the polymerization of DGEBA and the immobilization of PEI chains, originating a structure containing basic sites suitable for proton coordination and conduction. The FTIR characterization evidenced the polymerization of DGEBA in the presence of PEI thus forming Semi-IPN membranes which, after doped with H{sub 3}PO{sub 4}, exhibited conductivity values of 10{sup -4} W{sup -1}cm{sup -1} at room temperature and 10{sup -3} {omega}{sup -1}cm{sup -1} at 80 degree C, as well as a dependency of conductivity with temperature following the Arrhenius model. The activation energy values (14,33 and 12,96 kJ.mol{sup -1}) indicated a proton conduction mechanism predominantly vehicular in the matrices studied under 100% relative humidity. (author)

Conductor polymeric membranes with potential for application in PEM type fuel cells; Membranas polimericas condutoras com potencialidades para aplicacao em celulas a combustivel do tipo PEM

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brioude, Michel de Meireles; Sodre, Livia Farias; Boaventura Filho, Jaime Soares; Jose, Nadia Mamede [Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA (Brazil)

2006-07-01

In this work two series of membranes were prepared; they were based on hybrid organic-inorganic or composite materials and presented potentiality for application in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell, PEMFC. The polymeric phase was constituted of poly(dimethylsiloxane), PDMS, crosslinked with tetra ethoxysilane, TEOS, with a 70%/30% ratio. Phosphotungstic acid (PWA) or the sodium monododecylsulphate (MDS), as proton conductors, were added to the inorganic network, close to the gel point; the mixtures were transferred to a cast. The films were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The membranes showed good properties, as flexibility, thermal and mechanical stability with potentiality to be used as conducting membranes in technological applications. (author)

Solving optimization problems using hybrid architecture: a strategy for planning the electric power generation; Solucao de problemas de otimizacao utilizando arquitetura hibrida: uma estrategia para o planejamento da geracao de energia eletrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Murakami, L.T. [Lechare Informatica Ltda., Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

2009-07-01

Electrical power could be considered as one of the economy propulsion vector of a country, assuming extremely important and strategic role because it makes direct influence to the production capacity. The expansion of electrical energy production could not only be done in a short time because constructions in this area take many years and could require more then a decade depending on the magnitude of them. The national power generation group is constituted mainly by hydro power plants complemented by thermal power plants which use several kinds of fuel which generation cost is high, if compared to hydro power generation, and should be minimized. It is a complex planning issue to supply the future power demand which basically depends on the analysis of two compoundable scenarios: the first one refers to the forecast of future economy growing and in this case, unless unpredictable issues occur such as the recent high economy growing experimented by China, the future demand does not show any surprise and is easy to predict; the second one, has inside the uncertainty because the hydro plants productions depends on the water quantity of rivers which depends on the past and current rainfall regimen. The quantity of rainfall is a stochastic data and follows the rules of probability and this drives to the study of cases and its deployments which are numerous causing difficulties to forecast the future. The planning of the electrical area has to examine the future demand and provide the necessary power generation equipment assuming a certain risk. To have it done, simulation models are used to predict the future, combining the two scenarios cited before, and viewing the results promoted by decision took in a step before. The difficult of this task is caused by the big amount of future alternatives provided by the combinatorial phenomena which require, to process the model, a computer with high processing capacity and specialized and specific methods that can resolve this king of problem. Because of the importance and magnitude of this issue, every effort which contributes to the improvement of power planning is welcome and this corroborates with this thesis which has an objective to propose technical, viable and economic solutions to solve the optimization problems with a new approach and has potential to be applied in many others kind of similar problems.

Dancoff factors of unit cells in cluster geometry with partial absorption of neutrons; Fatores de Dancoff de celulas unitarias em geometria cluster com absorcao parcial de neutrons

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rodrigues, Leticia Jenisch

2011-01-15

In its classical formulation, the Dancoff factor for a perfectly absorbing fuel rod is defined as the relative reduction in the incurrent of resonance neutrons into the rod in the presence of neighboring rods, as compared to the incurrent into a single fuel rod immersed in an infinite moderator. Alternatively, this factor can be viewed as the probability that a neutron emerging from the surface of a fuel rod will enter another fuel rod without any collision in the moderator or cladding. For perfectly absorbing fuel these definitions are equivalent. In the last years, several works appeared in literature reporting improvements in the calculation of Dancoff factors, using both the classical and the collision probability definitions. In this work, we step further reporting Dancoff factors for perfectly absorbing (Black) and partially absorbing (Grey) fuel rods calculated by the collision probability method, in cluster cells with square outer boundaries. In order to validate the results, comparisons are made with the equivalent cylindricalized cell in hypothetical test cases. The calculation is performed considering specularly reflecting boundary conditions, for the square lattice, and diffusive reflecting boundary conditions, for the cylindrical geometry. The results show the expected asymptotic behavior of the solution with increasing cell sizes. In addition, Dancoff factors are computed for the Canadian cells CANDU-37 and CANFLEX by the Monte Carlo and Direct methods. Finally, the effective multiplication factors, k{sub eff}, for these cells (cluster cell with square outer boundaries and the equivalent cylindricalized cell) are also computed, and the differences reported for the cases using the perfect and partial absorption assumptions. (author)

Adhesive market develops new technologies. The thin-film solar cells gain ground; El mercado de adhesivos desarrolla nuevas tecnologias. Las celulas solares de capa fina ganan terreno

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Kluke, M.

2010-07-01

The solar industry is booming. thin-film technology is experiencing a high demand as promised cost advantages and currently is providing excellent results, while a range of efficiency reaches acceptable. (Author)

Experimental energetic analysis of gas natural-powered fuel cell cogeneration plant; Analise energetica experimental de uma planta de co-geracao com celulas a combustivel e gas natural

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Furtado, Jose G.M.; Lopes, Francisco C.; Silva Junior, Fernando R.; Soares, Guilherme F.W.; Serra, Eduardo T. [Centro de Pesquisas de Energia Eletrica (CEPEL), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2008-07-01

Power systems based on fuel cells have been considered for residential and commercial applications in energy Distributed Generation (DG) market as these systems can minimize their acquisition, installation and operation high costs. In this work we present an experimental analysis of a power generation system formed by a 5 kW proton exchange membrane fuel cell unit and a natural gas reformer (fuel processor) for hydrogen production, of the CEPEL's Fuel Cell Laboratory. It was determined the electrical performance of the cogeneration system in function of the design and operational power plant parameters. Additionally, it was verified the influence of the activation conditions of the fuel cell electrocatalytic system on the system performance. It also appeared that the use of hydrogen produced from the natural gas catalytic reforming provided the system operation in excellent electrothermal stability conditions resulting in increase of the energy conversion efficiency and of the economy of the cogeneration power plant. The maximum electrical efficiency achieved was around 38% and in all power range unit operated with average potential per single fuel cell higher than 0.60 V. (author)

Development and scale-up of the production process of NovoCell fuel cells; Desenvolvimento e 'scale-up' do processo de producao de celulas a combustivel NovoCell

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Azevedo, Dayse Caldas de; Souza, Adler de; Ferreira, Valdemar Stelita [NovoCell Sistemas de Energia S.A., Santa Barbara D' Oeste, SP (Brazil)

2008-07-01

Fuel cells present the potentiality to substitute the engines of internal combustion in vehicles and to supply energy for stationary use. This potentiality, however, not yet reflected in its introduction in the market with regular lines of production, because of its high cost and lack of criteria that demonstrate its reliability and durability. These subjects are the main goals of the programs of development of fuel cells worldwide. NovoCell is a Brazilian company whose objective is to develop and to produce hydrogen/air fuel cells for stationary generation. All the project is guided by the use of technologies/processes and materials that allow production in large scale and to a competitive cost, giving support to a continuous program of innovation and development of the product. In this work the technological solutions developed by the company are presented. (author)

Efecto de parámetros geométricos en las prestaciones mecánicas de estructuras porosas cerámicas y estructuras hibridas interpenetradas cerámico/polímero fabricadas mediante moldeo robotizado

OpenAIRE

Godoy Romero, Carolina

2016-01-01

Esta Tesis Doctoral se enmarca en una línea de investigación del Grupo Especializado de Materiales de la Universidad de Extremadura (GEMA-UEx) que se orienta hacia el diseño, fabricación y optimización mecánica de nuevos biomateriales para aplicaciones ortopédicas. Concretamente, se trata de estructuras porosas fabricadas mediante la técnica de moldeo robotizado (robocasting). Estas estructuras consisten en una red tridimensional de barras cerámicas obtenidas capa a capa por extrusión a travé...

Production of Group II and III base oils by hybrid route using brazilian crude; Producao de oleos basicos lubrificantes dos grupos II e III pela rota hibrida ou mista a partir de petroleo brasileiro

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Nogueira, Wlamir Soares; Fontes, Anita Eleonora Ferreira [PETROBRAS, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Centro de Pesquisas (CENPES)

2004-07-01

This paper describes a series of pilot plant tests made at PETROBRAS Research Centre, considering hydrotreatment and solvent dewaxing steps, to produce group II and group III lube base oils from Baiano Light crude feeds (Brazilian crude). RLAM Refinery has been using Baiano light crude to produce group I base oils by conventional route and in the pilot plant studies, two types of process scheme were tested. In the first one, an industrial run was performed at RLAM Refinery, including distillation, dewaxing and extraction and the light raffinate was used as a feed for a hydrotreatment pilot plant, followed by a distillation to remove the front ends. In the second scheme, another industrial run was performed, including distillation and dewaxing steps and the medium dewaxed oil was used as a charge for a hydrotreatment followed by distillation and dewaxing pilot plant tests. Products of excellent quality were obtained. Due to their high viscosity indexes (from 96 to 126), low contaminants levels (sulfur < 5 ppm and nitrogen < 5 ppm) and low aromatic content (CA < 2 %), the lube base oils produced are therefore classified as group II and group III. The main advantages of this route are related to the base oils quality improvements with low investment and more flexibility in terms of crude source. (author)

Fruit anatomy of species of Solanum sect. Torva (Solanaceae Anatomía del fruto en especies de Solanum sect. Torva (Solanaceae

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Franco E. Chiarini

2010-12-01

Full Text Available The mature fruits of 10 South American species of Solanum sect. Torva were studied. Cross and longitudinal microtome sections, stained with astra blue/basic fuchsin, were made for microscopic examination. All species present an epidermis formed by a unistrate layer of small, isodiametric cells, with dense content and cellulosic walls. Immediately below, a hypodermis is always found, consisting of a well-defined layer of lignified cells with a single calcium oxalate crystal occupying the whole lumen of each cell. This is followed by one layer of cellulosic, isodiametric cells with dense cytoplasm and then several collenchymatous layers, sometimes with sclerified cell walls. The mesocarp comprises two zones histologically differentiated: an external one (formed by regular, vacuolated, medium-sized cells with small intercellular spaces, and an internal one, commonly juicy, and developing proliferations among the seeds. The fruits analyzed are alike, and despite some particularities, they can be classified as berries in the conventional sense. All the traits examined agree with the ornithochorous dispersal syndrome. The homogeneity in fruit traits may be due to shared habit, habitat and sexual system.Se estudiaron los frutos maduros de 10 especies sudamericanas de Solanum sect. Torva. Se examinaron en microscopio cortes microtómicos transversales y longitudinales teñidos con azul astral/fucsina básica. Todas las especies presentaron una epidermis unistrata de células pequeñas, isodiamétricas, de contenido denso y paredes celulósicas. Inmediatamente por debajo se encontró siempre una hipodermis, formada por una capa bien definida de células lignificadas con un cristal de oxalato de calcio en el lúmen de cada célula. A continuación se halló otra capa de celulas isodiamétricas, celulósicas, de contenido denso, y luego varias capas de colénquima, en ocasiones con paredes esclerificadas. El mesocarpo presentó dos zonas histologicamente

Synthesis, characterization and electrical properties of solid electrolyte for solid oxide fuel cell; Preparacao, caracterizacao e propriedades eletricas de eletrolito solido para celula a combustivel de oxido solido

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Berton, Marco Antonio Coelho; Garcia, Carlos Mario; Matos, Jeferson Hrenechen [Instituto de Tecnologia para o Desenvolvimento (LACTEC), Curitiba, PR (Brazil)], Emails: felsky@latec.org.br, garcia@latec.org.br, jeferson.h@latec.org.br

2010-04-15

Solid electrolytes of BaCe{sub 08}Gd{sub O29} were prepared by the polymeric precursor method. X-ray diffraction data shows a single phase with orthorhombic crystalline structure. The densification process was followed by scanning electronic microscopy and apparent density measurements. The apparent density was developed for different temperatures of sintering, reaching > 96% for sintered temperature of 1550 {sup 0}C deg . The electrochemical impedance analysis was development in the temperature of 400-700 deg C, in air atmosphere at 700 deg C a value of 30,6 mS.cm{sup -1} was obtained. The results of conductivity have confirmed the gadolinium doped barium cerate has a great potential for use as solid electrolyte for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell, at experimental controlled conditions. (author)

Modelling and essay or the polarization curve of a polymeric membrane fuel cell; Modelagem e ensaio da curva de polarizacao de uma celula a combustivel de membrana polimerica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Almeida, Silvio Carlos Anibal de; Xavier, Bruno Domont; Gatti, George Cassani; Ribeiro, Rodrigo Minguita [Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), RJ (Brazil). Coordenacao dos Programas de Pos-graduacao de Engenharia (COPPE). Programa de Engenharia Mecanica]. E-mails: silvioa@gmail.com; brunodomont@gmail.com; gatti_ufrj@yahoo.com.br; rminguita@yahoo.com.br; Furtado, Jose Geraldo de Melo [Centro de Pesquisas de Energia Eletrica (CEPEL), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Dept. de Tecnologias Especiais]. E-mail: furtado@cepel.br

2006-07-01

This paper describes the essays performed with a polymeric membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) at the test laboratories of the ELETROBRAS Electric Energy Research Center (CEPEL/ELETROBRAS) manufactured by the Eletrocell, which allows to study the influence of some functional parameters (voltage, current, mass and pressure fluxes)

Polypropylene (PP) based proton exchange membrane for use in fuel cell; Obtencao de membrana trocadora de protons para uso em celula a combustivel, a base de polipropileno (PP)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zen, Heloisa Augusto

2008-07-01

The radiation-induced graft of styrene onto polypropylene (PP) films was carried out by simultaneous irradiation method in a cobalt-60 source. The PP films were immersed in a solution of styrene with toluene (1:1 and 4:1, v/v) under inert atmosphere and at room temperature and then submitted at 20, 40, 80 and 100 kGy. After graft reaction the films were kept at room temperature under inert atmosphere for periods of 7, 14, 21 and 28 days in order to evaluate the degree of grafting. At the end of each period the films were sulfonated to provide the hydrophilic property to PP. The degree of grafting (DOG) was gravimetric determined and the chemical changes in the grafted and sulfonated films were characterized by Infrared Spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry and the Ion Exchange Capacity (IEC) was calculated. The greatest DOG was obtained after 21 days of post-irradiation. By TGA the grafted films exhibited a decrease in the thermal stability, while the sulfonated exhibited an increase. By DSC was possible to verify that matrix polymeric did not suffer any drastic change in the melting temperature after grafting and sulfonation reactions. The IEC calculated shows that the new membrane developed has ionic conductivity property. (author)

Glow discharge preparation and electrooptical characterisation of amorphous silicon alloys for solar cells. Preparacion por descarga luminiscente y caracterizacion electrooptica de aleaciones de silicio amorfo para celulas solares

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Carabe, J

1990-11-01

A study is presented, focused on the preparation and characterisation of hydrogenated amorphous silicon alloy thin films for their application as p type window layers in pin silicon solar cells. The preparation technique used was radio frequency glow discharge. The samples were characterised optically (visible, near infrared and infrared absorption spectrophotometry) and electrically (dark and photoconductivities at ambient temperature and as functions of temperature). The influence of each of the preparation parameters on film properties has been systematically studied. The results have been analysed according to the existing models. Chapter 1 is an introduction to the material in question and its photovoltaic applications. Chapter 2 describes the experimental procedure used. Capter 3 shows and discusses the most relevant results obtained in the study of intrinsic amorphous silicon, p type amorphous silicon and p type amorphous silicon carbide window layers, with special emphasis on the influence of the use of an alternative dopant gas: boron trifluoride. Finally, chapter 4 summarises the most relevant conclusions drawn from this research work. (Author)

Technological evaluation of fuel cells using natural gas for distributed power generation; Avaliacao tecnologica da utilizacao de gas natural em celulas a combustivel para geracao distribuida de energia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brandao, Mauricio O. [Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), RJ (Brazil). Coordenacao dos Programas de Pos-Graduacao de Engenharia (COPPE). Programa de Engenharia Mecanica; Giannini, Marcio P.; Arouca, Mauricio C. [Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), RJ (Brazil). Coordenacao dos Programas de Pos-Graduacao de Engenharia (COPPE). Programa de Planejamento Energetico

2004-07-01

The search for sustainable and more rational means of power generation motivates the scientific crew to search for more efficient and cleaner systems. Oil dependence becomes from the kind of development that the humanity had and cannot be dismissed. The question is how to use this source in a more intelligent way. Fuel Cells are electrochemical devices that convert into electric energy the chemical energy from oxi-reduction reactions between a fuel and an oxidant. The current fuel used in a Fuel Cell is hydrogen and oxygen is the oxidant. The great advantage of this device is its efficiency, higher than the one achieved with internal combustion engines. Also Fuel Cells are not limited by Carnot's efficiency. This paper is about the implementation of a distributed generation system using Fuel Cells. Technical aspects are approached together with economical and environmental needs. The already existence of Gas pipelines and the grown production of Natural Gas presented by Brazil turns it into a good market for the implementation of this energy source. The evaluation of this paper shows that is technically possible to use NG in Fuel Cells, mostly in South and Southeast regions, applying the distributed generation of energy concept. The most interesting in a strategic manner is that Brazil already have an indication that it's capable of developing this technology, opening a new market tuning with world's new technological developments. Many research centers develop this technology, not only from the cell composition itself, but also manufacturing techniques. (author)

Direitos étnicos no Brasil e na Colômbia: notas comparativas sobre hibridização, segmentação e mobilização política de índios e negros

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José Maurício Andion Arruti

2000-11-01

Full Text Available The Brazilian Constitution of 1988 and the colombian of 1991, recognized for the first time in both cases, a especific place for it's black communities cultural and land rights. In this two cases, such legal and political innovations, strongly influenced by the accumulation of indigenous fights, answered to changes made in their political fields, but also produced new changes that reached as much the new local realitys as the academic field. This text takes as basis ethnographical analysis of two situations, one in each of this countries, where of countryside grouping black people are, beyond this legal analogy, into segmentation and hybridation relationship as well as transference of strategycal knowledge with indigenous communities. Starting from this ethnographical examples, we propose a comparative exercise with the objective of drafting a picture of the new analytical and theoretical problems caused by the flow of culture, social strategys and, today, of mediators between such ethnical grouping people in Brazil and Colombia.A Carta Constitucional brasileira de 1988 e a colombiana de 1991, reconheceram pela primeira vez em ambos os casos, um lugar específico para os direitos culturais e fundiários de suas comunidades negras. Nesses dois casos, tais inovações legais e políticas, bastante influenciadas pelo acúmulo das lutas indígenas, responderam a mudanças operadas em seus campos políticos, mas também produziram novas mudanças que atingiram tanto novas realidades locais quanto o campo acadêmico. Esse texto toma por base análises etnográficas de duas situações, uma em cada um desses países, em que agrupamentos rurais de negros estão, além dessa analogia legal, em relação de segmentação, de hibridação e de transferência de conhecimentos estratégicos com comunidades indígenas. A partir desses exemplos etnográficos, é proposto um exercício comparativo cujo objetivo é esboçar um quadro dos novos problemas anal

Outbreak of autochthonous canine visceral leishmaniasis in Santa Catarina, Brazil Surto autóctone de leishmaniose visceral canina no Estado de Santa Catarina

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Mário Steindel

2013-04-01

Full Text Available The present study reports the first outbreak of autochthonous canine visceral leishmaniasis in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. Following the report of two cases of CVL, the Control Center of Zoonotic Diseases conducted a serological survey by ELISA and IFAT assays in seven districts of the Santa Catarina Island. Eleven seropositive dogs of autochthonous transmission were used in the present study. Infection by Leishmania sp. was confirmed by parasitological examination of bone marrow, liver, spleen and lymph nodes, culture in Schneider's medium and PCR. Leishmania sp. isolates were characterized by PCR-RFLP and hybridization with specific probes, allowing for the identification of Leishmania infantum. Autochthonous transmission of this disease in an area with high tourist traffic presents a major public health concern and signifies the emergence of an important zoonosis in southern Brazil. Therefore, the implementation of surveillance and control measures is imperative to prevent the spread of the disease among the canine population as well as transmission to the human population.O presente estudo relata o primeiro surto autóctone de leishmaniose visceral canina (LCV em Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Durante levantamento soro-epidemiológico realizado pelo Centro de Controle de Doenças Zoonóticas (CCZ envolvendo 2.124 cães, 29 (1,37% foram soropositivos para VL (ELISA + RIFI. Onze cães positivos por transmissão autóctone foram utilizados no presente estudo. A confirmação da infecção por Leishmania sp. foi realizada pelo exame parasitológico da medula óssea, fígado, baço e linfonodos, cultura em meio Schneider e PCR. Os isolados de Leishmania sp. foram caracterizados por PCR-RFLP e hibridação com sondas específicas, permitindo a identificação de Leishmania infantum. A transmissão autóctone da LCV em uma área com grande fluxo turístico como Florianópolis representa um preocupante risco à saúde p

Shyntesis and cytotoxicity evaluation in vitro of new compounds with hybrid structures of 8-flavoneacetic acid and quinolones; Sintesis y evaluacion citotoxica in vitro de nuevos compuestos con estructuras hibridas del acido 8-flavonacetico quinolonas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Biaa, M F; Castellano, J M; Emling, F; Schlick, E [Knoll, S.a., Madrid (Spain)

1994-12-31

Using the structural similarity between 8-flavoneacetic acid the antitumor quinolones, we have prepared some hybrid compounds on both systems and studied their cytotoxicity. None of the sinthesized compounds have shown sufficient interest for further development. 33 refs.

Evaluation of cell number and DNA content in mouse embryos cultivated with uranium; Evaluacion del numero de celulas y el contenido de DNA en embriones murinos cultivados con uranio

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kundt, Mirian S; Cabrini, Romulo L [Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica, General San Martin (Argentina). Dept. de Radiobiologia

2000-07-01

The evaluation of the degree of development, the number of cells and the DNA content, were used to evaluate the embryotoxicity of uranium. Embryos at a one cell stage were cultured with uranyl nitrate hexahydrate (UN) at a final concentration of uranium (U) of 26, 52 and 104 {mu}gU/ml. At 24 hs of culture, the embryos at the 2 cell stage, were put in new wells with the same concentrations of U as the previous day, until the end of the period of incubation at 72 hs. At 72 hs of culture, 87% of the original one cell embryos were at morula stage, and in those cultivated with uranium, the percentage decreased significantly to 77; 63.24 and 40.79% respectively for the different U concentrations. Those embryos that exhibited a normal morphology, were selected and fixed on slides. The number of cells per embryo was evaluated in Giemsa stained preparations. The DNA content was evaluated cytophotometrically in Feulgen stained nuclei. The number of cells decreased significantly from 20,3 {+-} 5.6 in the control to 19 {+-} 6; 14 {+-} 3 and 13.9 {+-} 5.6 for the different concentrations. All the embryos evaluated showed one easy recognizable polar body, which was used a haploid indicator (n). The content of DNA was measured in a total of 20 control embryos and 16 embryos cultivated with UN. In control embryos, 92,7% of the nuclei presented a normal ploidy from 2n to 4n, 2,9% nuclei were hypoploid and 4,4% were hyperploid. The percentage of hypoploid nuclei rose in a dose-dependent fashion to 3.45; 44.45 and 50.34% respectively for the embryos cultured at the different U concentrations. The results indicate that U is embryotoxic, that its effects are dose dependent at the concentrations used in this study and that even those embryos that show a normal morphology, can be genetically affected. We show that the model employed is extremely sensitive. It is possible to use the preimplantation embryos, as a model to test the effect of possibly mutagenic agents of the nuclear industry. (author)

Development and testing of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) for stationary generation; Desenvolvimento e ensaios de uma celula a combustivel de polimero solido (PEMFC) para geracao estacionaria

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ellern, Mara; Boccuzzi, Cyro Vicente [ELETROPAULO, Sao Caetano, SP (Brazil)], e-mail: mara.ellern@aes.com; Ett, Gerhard; Saiki, Gerson Yukio; Janolio, Gilberto [ELECTROCELL, Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil); Jardini, Jose Antonio [Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), SP (Brazil)

2004-07-01

PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) fuel cell uses a simple chemical reaction to combine hydrogen and oxygen into water, producing electric current in the process. It works something like reversed electrolysis: at the anode, hydrogen molecules give up electrons, forming hydrogen ions (this process is made possible by the platinum catalyst). The proton exchange membrane allows protons to flow through, but not electrons. As a result, the hydrogen ions flow directly through the proton exchange membrane to the cathode, while the electrons flow through an external circuit. As they travel to the cathode through the external circuit, the electrons produce electrical current. At the cathode, the electrons and hydrogen ions combine with oxygen to form water. In a fuel cell, hydrogen's natural tendency to oxidize and form water produces electricity and useful work. No pollution is produced and the only byproducts are water and heat. The huge advance on materials development combined with the growth demand of lower impact on environment is placing the fuel cells on the top of the most promising technologies world-wide. They are becoming in medium term feasible alternatives for energy generators up to energy plants of few MW. (author)

Study of a fuel cell insertion in a hybrid system for energy generation; Estudo da insercao de celula a combustivel integrada a sistema hibrido de geracao de eletricidade isolado

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vale, Silvio Bispo do; Bezerra, Ubiratan Holanda; Pinho, Joao Tavares; Pereira, Edinaldo Jose da Silva [Universidade Federal do Para (UFPA), Belem, PA (Brazil). Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Engenharia Eletrica. Grupo de Estudo e Desenvolvimento em Alternativas Energeticas

2004-07-01

This paper presents a case study of a fuel cell (FC) insertion in a small hybrid system for energy generation composed by wind (10 kW), photovoltaic (3,2 kW) and diesel (20 kVA) generations, making computer simulations in order to evaluate the contribution of each one of the energy-supply systems involved. This paper intends to contribute for the establishment of parameters to measure the technical and economic viability for using such isolated hybrid systems, trying in the future several combinations of models to hybridize the energy generation in Amazon isolated villages, making easier the use of local energy resources. (author)

Study of the combined action of gamma radiation and static electric fields in human cells; Estudo da acao combinada de radiacao gama e campo eletrico estatico em celulas humanas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Moron, Michelle Mendes

2008-07-01

The basic principle of radiotherapy is the one of maximizing damage to the tumor, while minimizing it in neighboring health tissues. Several strategies have been worked out aiming at increasing cellular radiosensitivity, and among them is the use of exogenous fields. Our goal in this work is the study in human cells of the effect resulting from the association of irradiation with exposure to exogenous static electric fields. The T47D cell line of breast cancer cells was irradiated with gammas in the 0 - 8 Gy doses range. The corresponding survival curve provided information on the radiosensitivity of this cell line. The rate of cell deaths per Gray in the 0 - 8 Gy range exhibited a maximum at 2 Gy, which corresponds to the most efficient irradiation dose. The viability of this T47D cells exposed to both gamma radiation and 1.250 V/cm static electric field (SEF) was about 12% lower than when only irradiated. The sole exposure of the cells to SEF by 24 and 72 hours didn't induce toxicity. Immunofluorescence runs carried out in irradiated normal MRC5 cell line of human lung fibroblast, without and with exposition to a SEF, have quantified the expression of the y- H2AX histone. The amount of phosphorylated histones was approximately 40% higher after irradiation with 2 Gy plus exposure to a SEF by 1 hour, showing that the electric field negatively interfered in the repairing process of the DNA double strand breaks. The flow cytometry analysis with FACS allowed the investigation of a possible interference of radiation and SEF in the cell distributions among the cellular cycle phases. It was found that in T47D cells treated with 1 and 2 Gy by 24 hours the SEF also negatively interfered in the DNA repairing process, as evidenced by the higher accumulation of cells in the S phase. Therefore, it would be possible to conclude that static and exogenous electric fields are able of negatively interfering in the cellular repair and, presumably, in DNA repair. (author)

Tratamento da Osteonecrose da Cabeça Femoral com celulas progenitoras autólogas em anemia falciforme Femoral Head Necrosis treatment with autologous stem cells in sickle cell disease

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Gildásio Cerqueira Daltro

2008-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliação da segurança e eficácia do uso de células progenitoras autólogas da medula óssea (CMMO no tratamento da Osteonecrose da Cabeça Femoral (OCF de pacientes portadores de anemia falciforme. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 8 pacientes portadores de anemia falciforme, com OCF nos estágios I e II (classificação de Ficat e Arlet. As CMMO retiradas da crista ilíaca posterior foram concentradas e reinfundidas na área central da osteonecrose. Os principais parâmetros avaliados foram segurança, sintomas clínicos e progressão da doença, através da avaliação clínica (Harris Hip Score e radiológica. RESULTADOS: A maior parte dos pacientes (7 em 8 referiu melhora dos sintomas após o tratamento. Não houve complicações durante o procedimento anestésico e cirúrgico. A medida do escore (Harris Hip Score no pré-operatório foi 78,5 +/- 6,2 pontos, com aumento significativo destes valores no pós-operatório (98,3 +/- 2,5 pontos (pPURPOSE: To assess the efficacy and safety of autologous bone-marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC implantation in necrotic lesions of the femoral head in patients with sickle cell disease. METHODS: We studied eight patients with stage-I or -II femoral head osteonecrosis according to the system by Ficat and Arlet. BMMCs were harvested and re-infused into the necrotic zone. The primary endpoints studied were safety, clinical symptoms and disease progression, these being assessed according to the Harris hip score (HHS and to X-ray studies. RESULTS: After eight months, seven of the eight patients reported improvement from symptoms. There were no complications during anesthetic and surgery procedures. There was a significant postoperative increase in the HHS (98.3 +/- 2.5 points compared to preoperative HHS (78.5 +/- 6.2 points (p< 0.001. X-ray evaluation and cell parameters were found to be favorable. CONCLUSION: The autologous bone-marrow mononuclear cells implantation seems to be a safe and effective treatment for early stages of femoral head osteonecrosis in patients with sickle cell disease. Although promising, the interpretation of these early results is limited due to the small sample and to the short duration of follow-up. Further studies and advanced cellular assays are required to confirm the results.

Obtainment of TiO{sub 2} powders solar cells photo electrodes dye sensitized; Obtencao de pos de TiO{sub 2} para fotoeletrodos de celulas solares sensibilizados por corante

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Forbeck, Guilherme; Folgueras, Marilena V., E-mail: guilhermeforbeck@hotmail.com [Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (PGCE/UDESC), SC (Brazil). Programa de Pos Graduacao em Ciencia e Engenharia de Materiais; Chinelatto, Adilson L. [Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (UEPG), PR (Brazil). Programa de Mestrado em Engenharia e Ciencia dos Materiais

2012-07-01

Titanium dioxide in its polymorphic anatase phase, presents interesting properties for solar cells photo electrodes dye sensitized such as the forbidden energy band, high refractive index and high constant dielectric. In this study, powders of nanometric titanium dioxide were produced with predominantly the anatase phase and high surface area. We used the sol-gel method, and titanium tetraisopropoxide as a precursor, which was hydrolyzed in nitric acid solution. The obtained powder was heated to 450 ° C, varying the time for each lot (0, 20 or 120 minutes). The powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy and surface area analysis. For all lots nanosized crystallites predominated. It was observed that in the batch with 120min heating an increase rutile content. The TiO{sub 2} with 20min heating showed high surface area, greater than that of TiO{sub 2} as taken reference.

Preparation of cathode materials for solid oxide solid fuel (SOFC) using gelatin; Preparacao de materiais catodicos para celulas a combustivel de oxido solido (SOFC) atraves do uso de gelatina

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Silva, R.M.; Aquino, F. de M.; Macedo, D.A. de; Sa, A.M.; Galvao, G.O., E-mail: rinaldo_mendesa@hotmail.com [Universidade Federal da Paraiba (UFPB), Joao Pessoa, PB (Brazil)

2016-07-01

Fuel cells are electrochemical devices that convert chemical energy into electrical energy. These devices are basically divided into interconnectors, electrolyte, anode, and cathode. Recently, studies of improvements in microstructural and morphological properties of calcium cobaltate (Ca{sub 3}Co{sub 4}O{sub 9}, C349) has been made regarding its potential use as SOFC cathode for intermediate temperature. Gelatin has proven to be effective as a polymerizing agent in the synthesis of nanocrystalline materials. This work reports the synthesis and characterization of the C349 cathode using commercial gelatin. The structural properties of the material were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Morphological characterization was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed the formation of the crystalline phase at 900 °C, indicating the effectiveness of the gelatin in the preparation of cathodes for SOFC. (author)

Polymers and composites synthesis and characterization for application on PEM type fuel cells; Sintese e caracterizacao de polimeros e compositos para aplicacao em celulas a combustivel do tipo PEM

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fiuza, Raigenis da Paz; Souza, Daniele Ribeiro; Barreto, Ednardo Gomes; Boaventura Filho, Jaime Soares; Jose, Nadia Mamede [Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA (Brazil)]. E-mail: raigenis@gmail.com

2006-07-01

The PEM (proton exchanging membrane) type fuel cell presents good potential for the energy production without the residue generation. However, its manufacture presents high costs for commercial application, mainly due to the electrolyte. Sulfonated Peek (polish-ether-ether-ketone) supported or auto immobilized the in a silicone matrix is an interesting alternative as electrolyte for PEM fuel cells. The commercial PEEK in powder form was functionalized with sulfuric acid, giving the SPEEK (Sulfonated PEEK). The membranes were produced by hot pressing the SPEEK immobilized in a silicone matrix produced by the sol-gel process. The membranes obtained were characterized by DRX, FTIR, TGA, MEV, DSC and protonic conductivity measurements. (author)

Thermodynamical simulation for solid oxide (SOFC) type fuel cells with ethanol direct internal reforming; Simulacao termodinamica para celulas a combustivel do tipo SOFC com reforma interna direta do etanol

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Silva, Aline Lima da; Malfatti, Celia de Fraga; Heck, Nestor Cezar [Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS (Brazil). Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Engenharia de Minas, Metalurgica e de Materiais (PPGEM)]. E-mail: als14br2000@yahoo.com.br; Mello, Celso Gustavo [Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS (Brazil). Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Engenharia Quimica (PPGEQ); Halmenschlager, Cibele Melo [Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS (Brazil). Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Engenharia de Minas, Metalurgica e de Materiais (PPGEM). Lab. de Materiais Ceramicos

2008-07-01

In SOFC, high operative temperature allows the direct conversion of ethanol into H{sub 2} to take place in the electrochemical cell. Direct internal reforming of ethanol, however, can produce undesirable products that diminish system efficiency and, in the case of carbon deposition over the anode, may occur the breakdown of the electrode. In this way, thermodynamic analysis is fundamental to predict the product distribution as well as the conditions favorable for carbon to precipitate inside the cell. Equilibrium determinations are performed by the Gibbs energy minimization method, using the GRG algorithm. Thermodynamic conditions for carbon deposition were analyzed, in order to establish temperature ranges and H{sub 2}O/ethanol ratios where carbon precipitation is not feasible. A mathematical relationship between Lagrange multipliers and carbon activity is presented, unveiling the carbon activity in atmosphere. The effect of the type of solid electrolyte (O{sup 2-} or H{sup +} conducting) on carbon formation is also investigated. The results of this work are in agreement with previous results reported in literature using the stoichiometric method. (author)

Development and scale-up of the production process of NovoCell fuel cells; Desenvolvimento e 'scale-up' do processo de producao de celulas a combustivel NovoCell

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Azevedo, Dayse Caldas de; Souza, Adler de; Ferreira, Valdemar Stelita [NovoCell Sistemas de Energia S.A., Santa Barbara D' Oeste, SP (Brazil)]. E-mail: dayse.azevedo@novocell.ind.br

2008-07-01

Fuel cells present the potentiality to substitute the engines of internal combustion in vehicles and to supply energy for stationary use. This potentiality, however, not yet reflected in its introduction in the market with regular lines of production, because of its high cost and lack of criteria that demonstrate its reliability and durability. These subjects are the main goals of the programs of development of fuel cells worldwide. NovoCell is a Brazilian company whose objective is to develop and to produce hydrogen/air fuel cells for stationary generation. All the project is guided by the use of technologies/processes and materials that allow production in large scale and to a competitive cost, giving support to a continuous program of innovation and development of the product. In this work the technological solutions developed by the company are presented. (author)

Experimental study of a PEM 15 W fuel cell; Influencia das temperaturas de operacao e umidificacao no desempenho de uma celula combustivel tipo 'PEM' de 15 W

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Heusi, Daniel S.; Steidel, Paulo S.; Matelli, Jose A. [Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis, SC (Brazil). Lab. de Combustao e Engenharia de Sistemas Termicos (LabCET); Bazzo, Edson [Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis, SC (Brazil)

2004-07-01

Experimental results are presented for a fuel cell type PEM of 15 W. The influence of the operating temperature, as well as the effect of the humidification temperature in the draining of the gases Hydrogen and oxygen, are considered for analysis. The tests were performed at operating temperature in the range of 30 to 70 deg C and humidification temperature form 30 to 85 deg C. For hydrogen flows fixed to be 200 ml/min and 300 ml/min, as well as for oxygen flow of 165 ml/min, the polarization curves were raised taking into account different combinations of operation and different combinations of humidification temperatures. (author)

Tritium and Autoradiography in Cell Biology; Tritium et Autoradiographie en Biologie Cellulaire; 0422 0440 0438 0414 ; El Tritio 0443 la Tecnica Autorradiografica en Citobiologia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Taylor, J. H. [Departments of Botany and Zoology, Columbia University, New York, NY (United States)

1962-02-15

que deux des constituants de l'ADN etaient repartis d'une maniere semi-reguliere pendant la reproduction. Ces deux constituants presentent certaines differences de structure qui limitent le type des echanges qui peuvent se produire entre les quatre constituants d'un chromosome en voie de reproduction. Les donnees dont on dispose actuellement permettent de supposer que les phases de la reproduction des chromosomes sont regies par des facteurs genetiques. On cherche a obtenir d'autres donnees sur les schemas et sur le mecanisme de controle des phases ainsi que sur d'autres processus connexes qui impliquent la synthese des proteines chromosomiques et de l'autre categorie d'acides nucleiques, les acides ribonucleiques. (author) [Spanish] El tritio constituye el isotopo mas apropiado para alcanzar un elevado poder de resolucion en autorradiografia, por emitir radiaciones beta de baja energia. La relativa abundancia del hidrogeno en la mayoria de las sustancias de importancia biologica, unida al periodo bastante breve del tritio, permiten marcar los componentes de las celulas con actividades especificas que a menudo pueden detectarse en dimensiones de orden intracelular con ayuda de emulsiones nucleares. Las celulas se fijan sobre un vidrio por diferentes procedimientos usados en citobiologia; a continuacion se aplica directamente a su superficie una emulsion fotografica humeda o fluida, que se deja secar. La emulsion se revela despues de la exposicion, cuando todavia se encuentra en contacto con la muestra. Examinando la preparacion (una autorradiografia) al microscopio optico, se pueden apreciar las estructuras celulares y la localizacion del isotopo, con un poder de resolucion inferior a una miera. De este modo, se ha seguido a traves de dos o tres generaciones celulares la distribucion del acido desoxirribonucleico (ADN) tritiado en los distintos cromosomas. Estos estudios pudieron realizarse gracias a la preparacion de timidina tritiada, un marcador muy selectivo del

Hybrid regression trees applied to the monitoring of dynamic safety of isolated networks with large eolic production contribution; Utilizacao de arvores de regressao hibridas na monitorizacao da seguranca dinamica de redes isoladas com grande producao eolica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lopes, J.A Pecas; Vasconcelos, Maria Helena O.P. de [Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores (INESC), Porto (Portugal). E-mail: jpl@riff.fe.up.pt; hvasconcelos@inescn.pt

1999-07-01

This paper describes in a synthetic manner the technology adopted to define structures used in the fast evaluation of dynamic safety of isolated network with high level of eolic production contribution. This methodology uses hybrid regression trees, which allows the quantification the endurance connected to the dynamic behavior of these networks by emulating the frequency minimum deviation that will be experienced by the system when submitted toa pre-defined perturbation. Also, new procedures for data automatic generation are presented, which will be used for construction and measurements of the evaluation structures performance. The paper describes the Terceira island - Acores archipelago network study case.

Performance of direct ethanol fuel cells as function of using of compressed air; Desempenho de celulas a combustivel com alimentacao direta de etanol em funcao do uso de ar comprimido

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Belchor, P.M. [UFRGS - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS (Brazil); Berns, B.A.; Ferreira, R.C.; Goldbach, A.; Carpenter, D. [FURB - Fundacao Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau, SC (Brazil)

2010-07-01

This paper compared the performance of a direct ethanol fuel cell (CCADE) cathode feeding with air replacing the pure oxygen. The results have shown that the small decreasing of the yield of the cell under both practical and experimental situations, by the use of air replacing pure oxygen, it completely acceptable as function of great diminishing of operational costs. (author)

Analysis and development of an ethanol compact reformer for hydrogen production for fuel cell; Analise e modelagem de reformador compacto de etanol para obtencao de hidrodenio para celula a combustivel

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Figueroa, P.R.F.; Oliveira, A.A.M. [Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis, SC (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia Mecanica. Lab. de Combustao e Engenharia de Sistemas Termicos], e-mail: renzo@labcet.ufsc.br, e-mail: amirol@emc.ufsc.br

2006-07-01

The objective of this work is to analyze the ethanol steam reforming for hydrogen production in a compact and modular reforming unit designed for the generation of 1 kw of electrical power. For this, initially the thermodynamic limits for the steam reforming of ethanol are calculated in order to assess the limits in the production of hydrogen and other by-products and to select the best values of process stoichiometry, temperature and pressure for maximum hydrogen selectivity and minimum coke formation. In the following, a First and second Laws analysis is performed to analyze the equilibrium conditions of the main chemical reactions and to estimate the magnitude of the heat transfer required by the heating, evaporation, superheating and reforming of ethanol. Then, the catalytic reformer reactor is analyzed and sized, basing the analysis into the application of the equation for the conservation of mass of the chemical species and a model for the chemical kinetics. A basic reactor design is then proposed accompanied by the corresponding sizes and operating conditions. (author)

A Hull cell study of a NiW electrolyte and evaluation of its properties; Estudio en celula Hull de un bano electrolitico de NiW y evaluacion de sus propiedades

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Garcia-Urrutia, I.; Diez, J. A.; Muller, C.; Calvillo, P.

2009-07-01

Interest in NiW coatings has grown in recent years due to its favourable properties such as hardness, and resistance to both wear and corrosion, making it one of the actual alternatives to hard chromium coatings. In this work, we have undertaken a Hull cell study, investigating the influence of the metal concentration, temperature, pH and current density on the composition of the alloy formed and its thickness. We have also studied the most important properties of the NiW deposits, including morphology, hardness, and resistance to abrasion and corrosion. (Author) 9 refs.

Low power laser effects in cancer cells and fibroblasts submitted the ionizing radiation; Efeitos do laser de baixa potencia em celulas de linhagem tumoral e fibroblastos submetidos a radiacao ionizante

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Silva, Camila Ramos

2015-07-01

Cancer is considered a public health problem worldwide. According to Brazil's the National Cancer Institute (INCA), 576,000 new cases of cancer were estimated for 2015 in Brazil, representing the second leading cause of death. Radiotherapy may be a treatment to several of types of cancer, frequently using ionizing radiation to eradicate or prevent the proliferation of tumor cells. This treatment, however, can lead to death of non-tumor cells around in irradiated tissue. Given this, adjuvant therapies that can minimize the side effects of ionizing radiation are of extremely importance. In this context, low power laser (LPL) may be an alternative to modulate the response of healthy cells to ionizing radiation. In this study, cells of human gingival fibroblasts (FMM1) and breast cancer (MDAMB- 231) were exposed to gamma radiation at doses of 2.5 and 10 Gy. After twenty-four hours, cell were irradiated with LPL ( λ= 660 nm, 40 mW and total area of 0.04 cm²) with energy densities of 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 J/cm². The cell viability was measured during four days, using the trypan blue technique. The influence of LPL on the cell cycle and on expression of the nuclear antigen of cellular proliferation (PCNA) was evaluated by flow cytometry. The expression of β-Galactosidase was the chosen method to assess cell senescence. Considering our adopted parameters, and focusing on the non-tumor cells, we have observed an increase in: 1) cell viability; 2) cell population in phases S and G{sub 2}/M cell cycle; 3) PCNA expression with decrease in senescence. No alterations were observed in the cell viability, with greater population in phases S and G{sub 2}/M cell cycle, while the number of senescent cells and the expression of PCNA were decreased. Therefore, we have concluded that the LPL promoted effects on both cell lineages, with increased cell viability on FMM1 cells, whether cancer cells maintained a decreased proliferation. (author)

Fuel cell power plant - a proposal for analysis of the economical viability of the implantation; Usina a celula de combustivel - uma proposta para analise da viabilidade economica de sua implantacao

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Amendola, Alexandre Gomes; Rocha, Mauro Cesar da [ELETROBRAS, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2000-07-01

The present work presents a methodology which allows a fast analyses of the economic viability of the implantation of fuel cell power plant. The paper also presents the practical application for two important concessionaires.

Effect of {sup 60} Co gamma radiation on trehalose level of Saccharomyces boulardii cells; Efeito da radiacao gama {sup 60} Co nos niveis de trealose de celulas de Saccharomyces boulardii

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Santos, Raquel Gouvea dos; Neves, Maria Jose [Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear (CDTN), Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil). Nucleo de Radiobiologia; Duarte, Rinaldo; Nicoli, Jacques R. [Minas Gerais Univ., Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil). Dept. de Microbiologia

1996-07-01

The medicine Floratil used for diarrhea treatment is composed by lyophilized yeast cells of Saccharomyces boulardii. The action mechanism of this product is unknown. The efficacy of S. boulardii depends on its viability. The increase in the trehalose level in S. cerevisiae cells submitted to a previous sub-lethal level heat shock results in resistance to a lethal shock. The aim of this work was to study weather the cell trehalose level is involved also in the resistance of gamma irradiation. It was noted that the yeast cells surviving to gamma irradiation had more trehalose level than control cells. Apparently there is a positive correlation between of trehalose level and gamma irradiation resistance of S.boulardii cells. (author)

Polymeric membranes obtained from S-PEEK for application in PEM fuel cells; Caracterizacao de membranas polimericas obtidas a partir dos S-PEEK para aplicacao em celulas combustiveis do tipo PEM

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Barreto, Ednardo G.; Fiuza, Raildo A.; Catao, Ronei S.; Jose, Nadia M.; Boaventura, Jaime S. [Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA (Brazil). Inst. de Quimica], e-mail: ednardobarreto@yahoo.com.br, e-mail: raildofiuza@gmail.com, e-mail: roneicatao@ig.com.br, e-mail: nadia@ufba.br, e-mail: bventura@ufba.br; Pepe, Yuri [Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA (Brazil). Inst. de Fisica

2007-07-01

This work had the objective to develop and to characterize S-PEEK membranes (sulfonated poly ether ether ketone) through chemical and electrochemical analyses. Conductivity test in function of the frequency and tension had been carried through; as well as, the open circuit tension of a fuel cell using the S-PEEK as electrolyte. Additional tests included TGA (Thermogravimetric Analysis), water absorption test, DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry), as tools to characterize conducting, thermal and mechanical proprieties of polymeric membrane. (author)

Caracterização do perfil de colonização oral por Candida spp. em pacientes submetidos a transplante de celulas progenitoras hematopoieticas no Hospital de Clinicas da UNICAMP

OpenAIRE

Monica Leal Alcure

2006-01-01

Resumo: As infecções superficiais e sistêmicas provocadas por Candida são freqüentes causas de morbidade e mortalidade em pacientes submetidos a transplante de células progenitoras hematopoiéticas (TCPH). Entre os fatores de risco destaca-se a colonização prévia a qual parece ser um pré-requisito para o desenvolvimento de infecção. Desta forma, a cavidade oral pode atuar como um reservatório para esses microorganismos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar, prospectivamente, o fluxo sa...

Thermal degradation products of saccharides: effect study over Escherichia coli K12S cells; Produtos de termodegradacao de sacarideos: estudo do efeito sobre celulas de Escherichia coli K12S

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oliveira, R.L.B.C. de

1981-12-31

The heat sterilization of reducing sugars, in the presence of phosphates, in alkaline pH, promotes caramelization reactions, yielding a serie of degradation products. Among them, aldehyde-like compounds seem to be responsible for the decrease in viability of DNA repair-proficient E.coli cells. A positive interaction between toxic solutions and UV-radiation effects is observed in these cells. The sinergism UV-toxic solutions varies in function of post-irradiation time and is dependent on UV dose, indicating the interference of repair processes in toxicity. The effect of non-reducing sugars on cellular viability is negligible, suggesting that toxic substances generation is linked to the presence of at least a free carbonyl group in sugar structure. All tested reducing sugars, when experimental conditions remained constant, have similarly shaped inactivation kinetics and their effects are equally inhibited by catalase activity, during incubation. (author).

Biofunctionality and immunocompatibility of starch-based biomaterials

Science.gov (United States)

Marques, Alexandra Margarida Pinto

inflamatoria a biomateriais. Em resumo, os estudos de citocompatibilidade e imunocompatibilidade demonstraram que os polimeros e compositos a base de milho sao biomateriais promissores. Em comparacao com os biomateriais degradaveis actualmente em uso, possuem propriedades capazes de induzir um comportamento semelhante, ou mesmo melhor, em termos de citotoxicidade. Estes dados foram reconfirmados com a adesao e proliferacao de celulas do tipo osteoblastos na superficie de alguns dos materiais a base de amido, que demonstraram ser comparaveis as observadas no PLLA, evidenciando a possibilidade de usar esses materiais em aplicacoes ortopedicas. As conclusoes retiradas dos estudos in vitro e in vivo de imunocompatibilidade reforcam as observacoes das experiencias de citocompatibilidade e em conjunto, evidenciam a possibilidade de utilizacao dos biomateriais a base de amido, com fraca capacidade de desencadear uma reaccao inflamatoria, em aplicacoes biomedicas. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.).

Cadmium cytotoxicity in albino mice hepatocytes and its possible implications on tropical environments; Citotoxicidad del cadmio en hepatocitos de raton albino y sus posibles implicaciones en ambientes tropicales

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Marcano, Letty; Carruyo, Ingrid; Montiel, Xiomara [Univ. del Zulia, Facultad Experimental de Ciencias, Dept. de Biologia (Venezuela); com, letty_marcano@hotmail; Faria, Clarisa de R [Univ. del Zulia, Facultad de Medicina, Catedra de Histologia, Maracaibo, Zulia (Venezuela)

2006-06-15

microscopia electronica de transmision. Se identifico cambios fenotipicos (diferencias entre talla y peso) y fisiologicos (debilidad muscular e intranquilidad); a nivel histologico, perdida de la disposicion trabecular y de la arquitectura lobulillar, focos de aglomerados linfociticos, vacuolizacion, dilatacion de sinosoides y de la vena central, entre otros. El estudio ultraestructural senala diversas alteraciones tales como: nucleolo con un elevado numero de centros fibrilares (50 ppm); voluminosas gotas de lipidos en el citoplasma, reticulo endoplasmatico rugoso distendido, vacuolizacion citoplasmatica, lisosomas y peroxisomas alterados (100 ppm); nucleos contraidos con cromatina condensada, dilatacion en el espacio intracelular y areas de perdida mitocondrial y fibrilar (150 ppm). Se sugiere que el cadmio ejerce un efecto toxico en las celulas hepaticas el cual se hace mas severo con el aumento de la concentracion, llevando a la necrosis celular. (autor)

DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v33i3.8011 Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences Maringá, v. 33, n. 3, p. 239-246, 2011 Acute inflammatory response in Nile tilapia fed probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum in the diet = Resposta inflamatória aguda em tilápia do Nilo alimentada com probiótico, Lactobacillus plantarum na dieta

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Geovana Dotta

2011-07-01

alimentacao foi injetado carragenina ou salina. Apos 6h, realizou-se a coleta de exsudato e sangue para determinacao do hematocrito, contagens totais de eritrocitos, leucocitos, contagem diferencial de leucocitos e atividade fagocitaria no sangue. A suplementacao com probiotico na racao nao influenciou o numero total de eritrocitos, o hematocrito e os numeros de linfocitos e basofilos no sangue dos animais. O numero de neutrofilos foi maior nos peixes suplementados com probiotico einjetados com carragenina. A glicose nos peixes suplementados com probiotico nao-injetados foi maior do que nos injetados com salina. A suplementacao com probiotico potencializou a migracao de celulas para o foco inflamatorio nos injetados com o flogogeno carragenina. Empeixes injetados com salina e carragenina, ocorreu maior atividade fagocitaria no sangue em relacao aos demais tratamentos.

In vitro activity of 2-pyridinecarboxylic acid against trypanosomes of the subgenus Schizotrypanum isolated from the bat Phyllostomus hastatus = Atividade in vitro do ácido 2-piridinocarboxílico em tripanossoma do subgênero Schizotrypanum isolado do morcego Phyllostomus hastatus

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paulo Roberto Ceridóreo Corrêa

2011-09-01

Full Text Available The effect of 2-pyridinecarboxylic acid (picolinic acid on trypanosomes of the subgenus Schizotrypanum isolated from the bat Phyllostomus hastatus was determined in this study. Picolinic acid, at 50 ƒÊg mL-1, inhibited epimastigote growth by 99% after 12 days incubation. In addition, trypomastigote motility decreased by 50% after 6h and completely after 24h in the presence of 50 ƒÊg mL-1 picolinic acid. The 50% cytotoxic concentration on HEp-2 cell line was275 ƒÊg mL-1 after 4 days incubation. Altogether, these results indicate higher toxicity against trypanosomes. The inhibitory effect of picolinic acid on epimastigote growth can be partially reversed by nicotinic acid and L-tryptophan, suggesting a competitive inhibition. Furthermore, two anti-Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum cruzi drugs were also evaluated with regard to bat trypanosome growth. Benznidazole, at 50 ƒÊg mL-1, inhibited epimastigote growth by 90% after 12 days incubation. Nifurtimox, at the same concentration, caused 96% growth inhibition after four days incubation. Corroborating a previous study, bat trypanosomes are a good model for screening new trypanocidal compounds. Moreover, they can be used to study many biological processes common to human pathogenic trypanosomatids.O efeito do acido 2- piridinocarboxilico (acido picolinico sobre um tripanossoma do subgenero Schizotrypanum isolado do morcego Phyllostomus hastatus foi determinado neste estudo. O acido picolinico, na concentracao de 50 ƒÊg mL-1, inibiu 99% do crescimento de epimastigotas apos 12 dias de incubacao. Alem disso, houve um decrescimo de 50 e 100% na mobilidade dos tripomastigotas apos 6 e 24h, respectivamente, em presenca de acido picolinico na concentracao de 50 ƒÊg mL-1. A concentracao citotoxica 50% para celulas HEp-2 foi de 275 ƒÊg mL-1 apos quatro dias de incubacao. Esses resultados indicam maior toxicidade contra os tripanossomas. O efeito inibitoriodo acido picolinico sobre o crescimento de

Development of globular embryos from the hybridization between 'Pêra Rio' sweet orange and 'Poncã' mandarin Desenvolvimento de embriões globulares de citros provenientes de hibridação entre laranjeira 'Pêra Rio' x tangerineira 'Poncã'

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Edvan Alves Chagas

2003-12-01

Full Text Available This research was undertaken to study the influence of different concentrations of the MT medium, sucrose, vitamins, activated charcoal and gibberellic acid (GA3 on the culture of immature embryos from the crossing between 'Pêra Rio' sweet orange and 'PONCÃ' mandarin. The embryos were excised under aseptic conditions and inoculated in 15 mL of the MT medium according to the following experiments: 1 MT concentrations (0%, 50%, 100%, 150% and 200% supplemented with 0, 30, 60 and 90 g.L-1 of sucrose; 2 vitamins concentrations of the MT (0%, 50%, 100%, 150% and 200% supplemented with 0, 30, 60 and 90 g.L-1 of sucrose; 3 activated charcoal concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 g.L-1 supplemented with GA3 (0, 0.01, 0.1; 1 and 10 mg.L-1. After the inoculation, the embryos were kept in a growth room for 90 days at 27 ± 1ºC, in a 16-hour photoperiod with 32 µmol.m-2.s-1 of irradiance. The best development of embryos at the globular stage was achieved using 50% and 100% of the MT medium plus 60 g.L-1 and 90 g.L-1 of sucrose, respectively, supplemented with 0.01 mg.L-1 of GA3. The addition of activated charcoal or vitamins in the MT medium has shown to be unnecessary to the development of globular embryos.Objetivou-se estudar a influência de diversas concentrações do meio MT, sacarose, vitaminas, carvão ativado e ácido giberélico no cultivo de embriões imaturos oriundos do cruzamento entre laranjeira 'Pêra Rio' x tangerineira 'PONCÃ' . Os embriões foram excisados sob condições assépticas e inoculados em 15 mL do meio de cultura MT, de acordo com cada experimento a seguir: 1 concentrações do meio de cultura MT (0%, 50%, 100%, 150% e 200% combinados com 0, 30, 60 e 90 g.L-1 de sacarose; 2 concentrações de vitaminas do meio MT (0%, 50%, 100%, 150% e 200% combinados com 0, 30, 60 e 90 g.L-1 de sacarose e; 3 concentrações de carvão ativado (0; 0.5; 1; 1.5 e 2 g.L-1 combinados com GA3 (0; 0.01; 0.1; 1 e 10 mg.L-1. Após a inoculação, os embriões foram mantidos por 90 dias em sala de crescimento à temperatura de 27±1ºC, fotoperíodo de 16 horas e irradiância de 32 µmol.m-2.s-1. A utilização de 50% e 100% do meio MT associado a 60 e 90 g.L-1 de sacarose, respectivamente, acrescido de 0.01 mg.L-1 de GA3, proporcionou melhor desenvolvimento de embriões globulares. Não houve necessidade da adição de carvão ativado e vitaminas no meio MT para o cultivo de embriões globulares.

Karyotypical characterization from stock of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, at Londrina State University, PR, Brazil, through several techniques of chromosomes band/ Caracterização cariotípica de um estoque de tilápia do Nilo,Oreochromis niloticus, da Universidade Estadual de Londrina, mediante diversas técnicas de bandamento cromossômico

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Julio Hermann Leonhardt

2006-07-01

Full Text Available 14 specimens of Nile’s tilapia were analyzed cytogenetically, Oreochromis niloticus, that belong to the stock of fish breeding from the Freshwater Aquaculture Station of the Londrina State University in the Paraná, Brazil. All specimens presented the same disploid number of 44 chromosomes. The NORs were observed in four chromosomes with marks in terminal position of the short arm and the hybridization “in situ” (FISH with probe of 18 S also evidenced the presence of two pairs of chromosomes containing ribbosomic cistrons. The treatment with the fluochromes CMA3 and DAPI, respectively, didn’t show shinning bands in any chromosome of the complement. The band C (CBG evidenced regions of heterochromatin distributed on several chromosomes in the centromeric regions, being observed some marks in telomeric regions, mainly on the biggest pair of chromosomes of the complement, a pair presented itself almost totally heterochromatic. The obtained results are in accordance with the data found in literature, nevertheless when the C bands and NORs were analyzed, were evidenced some differences that apparently characterized the local fish population of the Londrina State University. Key words: Cytogenetics, Oreochromis niloticus, NORs, CMA3, DAPI, fish, heterochromatin.Foram analisados citogeneticamente 14 indivíduos de tilápia do Nilo, Oreochromis niloticus que fazem parte do estoque de reposição de reprodutores da Estação de Piscicultura da Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brasil. Todos os indivíduos apresentaram o mesmo número diplóide de 44 cromossomos. As NORs foram observadas em quatro cromossomos com marcações em posição terminal do braço curto e a hibridação “in situ” (FISH com sonda de 18S também evidenciou a presença de dois pares de cromossomos contendo cístrons ribossômicos. O tratamento com os fluorocromos CMA3 e DAPI, respectivamente, não mostrou bandas brilhantes em nenhum cromossomo do complemento. A

Potencial de cruzamento natural entre o arroz transgênico resistente ao herbicida glufosinato de amônio e o arroz daninho Outcrossing potential of glufosinate-resistant rice to red rice

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J.A. Noldin

2002-08-01

Full Text Available A utilização de cultivares de arroz irrigado resistentes a herbicidas não-seletivos, como o glufosinato de amônio, pode se constituir numa alternativa de controle de arroz daninho em lavouras de arroz irrigado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a taxa e o sentido do cruzamento natural entre plantas de uma linhagem modificada geneticamente para resistência ao herbicida glufosinato de amônio (arroz GM e ao arroz daninho. A taxa de cruzamento natural entre o arroz GM como receptor feminino e o arroz daninho como doador de pólen foi de 0,22 e 0,02%, respectivamente para os ecótipos de arroz daninho com glumas de cor palha e com glumas pretas. No caso inverso, quando o arroz daninho foi o receptor feminino e o arroz GM o doador de pólen, a taxa de cruzamento foi de 0,26 e 0,14%, para o arroz daninho com glumas palha e com glumas pretas, respectivamente. Os resultados deste estudo evidenciaram que ocorreu cruzamento natural entre o arroz GM e o arroz daninho em percentuais que variaram de 0,14 e 0,48%, respectivamente para o arroz preto e para o arroz vermelho. A fim de minimizar a possibilidade de hibridação, medidas de controle eficientes devem ser adotadas no sentido de prevenir a coincidência de floração das plantas de arroz daninho com a das plantas de arroz GM cultivado.The broad spectrum non-selective herbicide ammonium glufosinate, combined with genetically modified glufosinate-resistant rice cultivars (GM rice, may comprise a rice weed control system for red rice and other weeds that infest Brazilian rice fields. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential for outcrossing and gene flow of GM rice to red rice. Natural outcrossing between adjacent field plots (1 m x 1 m was measured during the 1999/2000 production season in Brazil. The outcrossing rate of the GM rice as the female parent to red rice, as the pollen donor, was 0.22% for strawhull and 0.02% for the blackhull red rice, respectively. In the reciprocal

Resistência à podridão parda em pessegueiro Resistance to brown rot in peach plants

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Juliano dos Santos

2012-01-01

Full Text Available A podridão parda, causada por Monilinia fructicola, é a mais importante doença fúngica do pessegueiro, principalmente em áreas quentes e úmidas, como a região produtora de pêssegos no Sul do Brasil. A resistência genética é a forma mais eficiente de controle da doença, além de reduzir o custo de produção e o impacto ambiental. A cultivar Bolinha, considerada padrão de resistência à doença, produz frutos de baixa qualidade e suas flores não têm a mesma resistência ao fungo. Este trabalho teve como objetivo buscar novas fontes de resistência a esta doença. Além da cultivar Bolinha, foram submetidos à inoculação com suspensão de 1 x 10(5 conídios mL-1 do patógeno, flores de 11 seleções de pessegueiro, frutos de 12 seleções e 20 plantas de cinco "seedlings" oriundos de hibridações. Os resultados indicaram que a seleção Conserva 930 e a cultivar Jubileu foram as que tiveram maior nível de resistência nas flores. Frutos das seleções Conserva 1798, Conserva 1596, Conserva 1218 e Cascata 1493 proporcionaram níveis de resistência semelhantes aos da cultivar Bolinha, e destas, apenas a Conserva 1798 manteve o mesmo desempenho em estádio mais avançado de infecção por M. fructicola.Brown rot, caused by Monilinia fructicola, is the most important peach disease, especially in warm humid areas such as the production area in Southern Brazil. Genetic resistance is the most efficient way for controlling this disease, reducing production costs and environmental problems. The Bolinha cultivar, considered as resistant standard, produces fruits of low quality and is not resistant to blossom blight. The objective of this study was to find new resistance sources to brown rot. Besides Bolinha cultivar, flowers of 11 selections, fruits of 12 selections, and 20 seedlings from hybrid progenies were inoculated with a suspension of conidia of M. fructicola. The results indicated that Conserva 930 and Jubileu cultivar showed

Melhoramento da cana-de-açúcar: IX: evaluation of clones obtained in 1980 and 1981 hybridizations, selected in Ribeirão Preto region, state of São Paulo, Brazil Sugarcane breeding: IX

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Marcos Guimarães de Andrade Landell

1995-01-01

Full Text Available Testaram-se doze clones de cana-de-açúcar, obtidos de hibridações realizadas em Camamu (BA, em 1980 e 1981, em três ensaios na região de Ribeirão Preto (SP. Além do delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com seis repetições, efetuou-se a análise estatística com a média das três colheitas (1.°, 2.° e 3.° cortes, tomando as variedades SP70-1143, NA56-79 e IAC64-257 como testemunhas-padrão. Entre os caracteres agroindustriais avaliados estão: a produtividade de cana e açúcar, pol % cana, fibra %, intensidade de florescimento, índice de infestação de broca-do-colmo (Diatraea saccharalis e a reação à ferrugem (Puccinia melanocephala. O melhor clone foi o IAC80-2094, indicado para início de safra, com boa produção e bom teor de fibra, mas de florescimento intenso e suscetibilidade à ferrugem. O IAC81-2004 também apresentou bons resultados, caracterizando-se como precoce, com bom teor de fibra e boa resistência à broca-do-colmo. Em condições naturais de campo, porém, sua desvantagem é a grande incidência de "chicotes" de carvão. Apesar de ambos os clones apresentarem características agroindustriais vantajosas, desaconselha-se que sejam incluídos no estudo de manejo parietal para outras regiões paulistas, em função dos problemas fitossanitários citados.A number of sugarcane clones obtained in crosses made in 1980 and 1981, was tested in three locations with Oxisol soils at Ribeirão Preto region. The commercial varieties SP70-1143, NA56-79 and IAC64-257 were used as controls in trials and evaluated for agricultural and industrial traits on the average of three harvests. The best clone in the experiments was IAC80-2094, which has been indicated for early harvest period with good yield and fiber content, but with heavy tasseling and susceptibility to rust. Other early maturing clone was IAC81-2004, which showes good fiber content and stem borer tolerance, however it does show, in natural conditions in the field

Genética de coffea VI: independência dos fatores xc xc (xanthocarpa e br br (bronze em coffea arabica L.

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C. A. Krug

1942-01-01

Full Text Available Em artigos anteriores (1, 2 os autores demonstraram que a cor amarela dos frutos e a coloração bronzeada das folhas novas são, em Coffea arabica L, controladas, cada uma, por um único par de fatores genéticos (respectivamente xc xc e Br Br. Os híbridos F1 no primeiro caso com plantas de frutos vermelhos, e no segundo com plantas de folhas novas verdes, demonstraram tratar-se de casos em que há dominância incompleta nesta geração, os frutos híbridos possuindo uma coloração vermelho clara e as folhas novas se apresentando com uma tonalidade bronze clara. Como algumas das hibridações realizadas envolviam, ao mesmo tempo, os dois caracteres em questão, apresentou-se a oportunidade para constatar se havia ou não independência entre os dois pares de fatores que controlam estes caracteres. Neste artigo apresentam-se os resultados das observações realizadas, tanto em diversas populações de F2 como também em dois back-crosses. Os dados confirmam plenamente a hipótese estabelecida, isto é, da independência entre os dois pares de fatores em questão (xc xc e Br Br. Este fato era esperado à vista do número relativamente elevado de cromosômios nas variedades cruzadas (2n = 44.In two previous publications (1,2 the authors demonstrated that in Coffea arabica L. yellow fruit color and bronze color of young leaves are each controled by one pair of genes (respectively xc xc and Br Br. The F1 hybrids, in the first instance between plants with yellow and red fruits and in the second instance between plants with bronze and green colored young leaves, showed incomplete dominance of both characters, the F1 fruits being of a light red color and the F1 young leaves of a light bronze one. As some of the crosses involved both pairs of genes, it was possible to find out wether they are linked or independent. In the present article the authors are publishing the results obtained with several F2 populations and also with 2 types of back crosses

State of the art of technologies thermosolar to concentration; Estado del arte de las tecnologias termosolares a concentracion

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Ramos Berume, Carlos; Huacuz Villamar, Jorge M; Medrano Vaca, M. Consolacion [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Temixco, Morelos (Mexico)

2000-07-01

Nowadays Research and Development activities on Solar Thermal Power Generating Systems are supported by some countries around the world. Because of their thermal nature each of these plants can be operated only with solar energy or can be hybridized (solar/fossil fuel) and also with thermal storage systems. These types of solar thermal power plants are: Central Receiver, a circular field of tracking mirrors called helisotats reflects the solar energy onto receiver mounted on top of a central tower. Parabolic Trough, use linear parabolic concentrators to reflect sunlight to a receiver along the focal line (metallic pipe). Inside the pipe solar energy is absorbed in a working fluid with temperatures up to 390 Celsius degrees, which is then piped to a central location to power a conventional steam turbine and Parabolic Dish uses a parabolic dish concentrator to focus solar energy to a receiver and a heat engine/generator, located at the focus of the dish, to generate electrical power. In this document, we present the current status of technologies. A description of market opportunities, cost and technological perspectives are also included. [Spanish] Actualmente la Investigacion and Desarrollo para la generacion de potencia electrica mediante el aprovechamiento de la energia solar por la ruta termodinamica esta siendo apoyada por varios paises. Debido a su naturaleza termica estas pueden operar bajo esquemas de operacion solo con energia solar o en forma de plantas hibridas (solar-combustible fosil) y en algunos casos adaptadas con sistemas de almacenamiento termico. Los tipos de plantas solares de generacion electrica son: Receptor Central (RC), utilizan un campo colector con dispositivos llamados heliostatos arreglados en un campo circular y reflejando la radiacion solar sobre un receptor montado en la parte mas alta de una torre. Canal Parabolica (CP), estas plantas utilizan espejos curvados en forma de una parabola que redirigen los rayos del sol sobre su linea

Selection of Dendrobium phalaenopsis (Orchidaceae genotypes in the in vitro propagation and acclimatization phases / Seleção de genótipos de Dendrobium phalaenopsis (Orchidaceae nas fases de propagação in vitro e aclimatização

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Inês Cristina de Batista Fonseca

2008-07-01

Full Text Available The hybridization of orchids have been done to propitiate a production of cultivars with commercial interesting that show high vigor, great number of fowers and variability of colors. This research had the objective to select favorable genotypes of Dendrobium phalaenopsis for in vitro propagation and acclimatization, resulted from crossing and self- fertilizations of selected plants matrix. For the realization of crossing and self-fertilizations 56 plants of D. phalaenopsis were utilized, totalizing 109 combinations. From the 109 crossing and self-pollinations, only 13 crossing and 3 self-pollinations showed enough number of seedlings for an evaluation. After fve months, 15 seedlings from each crossing and self-pollinationss were evaluated by the following characteristics: length of the aerial part, number of roots, weight of the total fresh mass, length of the biggest root and number of buds. The others seedlings were planted in trays of styrofoam and after four months the rate of survival were evaluated. The most favorable genotype for the in vitro propagation and acclimatization was the crossing DF18 x DF13.A hibridação de orquídeas é realizada para propiciar a produção de cultivares de interesse comercial que apresentem alto vigor, grande número de fores e variabilidade de cores. O trabalho teve por objetivo a seleção de genótipos de Dendrobium phalaenopsis favoráveis para a propagação in vitro e aclimatização, resultantes de cruzamentos e autofecundações de plantas matrizes selecionadas. Foram utilizadas 56 plantas de D. phalaenopsis para a realização dos cruzamentos e autofecundações, totalizando 109 combinações. Dos 109 cruzamentos e autofecundações realizados, apenas 13 cruzamentos e 3 autofecundações apresentaram número de plântulas sufcientes para as avaliações. Após cinco meses, 15 plântulas de cada cruzamento e autofecundação foram submetidas à avaliação das características: comprimento da parte

Study of a hybrid system using solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) and gas turbine; Estudo de um sistema hibrido empregando celula de combustivel de oxido solido (SOFC) e turbina a gas

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Souza, Antonio Carlos Caetano de; Gallo, Giulliano Batelochi; Silveira, Jose Luz [UNESP, Guaratingueta, SP (Brazil). Faculdade de Engenharia. Dept. de Energia], e-mail: caetano@feg.unesp.br

2004-07-01

In this paper a hybrid solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system, applying a combined cycle using gas turbine for rational decentralized energy production is analyzed. The relative concepts about the fuel cell are presented, followed by some chemical and technical information such as the change of Gibbs free energy in isothermal fuel oxidation directly into electricity. This represents a very high fraction of the lower heating value (LHV) of a hydrocarbon fuel. In the next step a methodology for the study of SOFC and gas turbine system is developed, considering the electricity and steam production for a hospital. This methodology is applied to energetic analysis. Natural gas is considered as a fuel. A Sankey Diagram shows that the hybrid SOFC system is a good opportunity to strengthen the decentralized energy production in Brazil. It is necessary to consider that the cogeneration in this version also is a good technical alternative, demanding special methods of design, equipment selection and contractual deals associated to electricity and fuel supply. (author)

Treatment of transparent conductive oxides by laser processes for the development of Silicon photovoltaic cells; Tratamiento de oxidos conductores transparentes por procesos laser para el desarrollo de celulas fotovoltaicas de silicio

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Canteli Perez-Caballero, D.

2015-07-01

Transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) are heavily doped oxides with high transparency in the visible range of the spectrum and a very low sheet resistance, making them very attractive for applications in optoelectronic devices. TCOs are widely found in many different areas such as low emissivity windows, electric contacts in computers, televisions or portable devices, and, specially, in the photovoltaic (PV) industry. PV industry is mainly based on mono- and multicrystalline silicon, where TCOs are used as anti-reflective coatings, but the search for cheaper, alternative technologies has led to the development of thin film PV technologies, where TCOs are used as transparent contacts. With the maturation of the thin film PV industry, laser sources have become an essential tool, allowing the improvement of some industrial processes and the development of new ones. Because of the interest on a deeper understanding of the interaction processes between laser light and TCOs, the laser ablation of three of the most important TCOs has been studied in depth in the present work. (Author)

Study of cross-linking reactions induced by gamma rays in hybrid membranes of Bisphenol-A-Polysulfone and precipitated silica; Estudo da formacao de ligacoes cruzadas por irradiacao gama em membranas hibridas de Polissulfona Bisfenol-A e silica precipitada

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Furtado Filho, Acacio Antonio M., E-mail: facacio@ctex.eb.br [Laboratorio de Quimica Militar, CTEx, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Gomes, Ailton de S.; Lopes, Lea; Benzi, Marcia R. [Instituto de Macromoleculas Professora Eloisa Mano, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2011-07-01

In this work the bisphenol-A-polysulfone (PSF) was sulfonated using trimethyl silyl chlorosulfonate [(CH{sub 3}){sub 3}SiSO{sub 3}Cl] as a mild sulfonating agent in a homogeneous solution of dichloroethane. The sulfonation reaction was confirmed by acid-base titration and FTIR-spectroscopy analysis. The hybrid membranes were obtained by casting the sulfonated bisphenol-A-polysulfone (SPSF) and precipitated silica Tixosil{sup R} 333 solutions in N-N-dimethylacetamide. Cross-linking in the hybrid membranes was obtained by irradiation, with doses ranging from 5 to 30 kGy using gamma ray from a {sup 60}Co source. The water uptake and the swelling of the membranes were estimated by measuring the change in weight between dry and wet conditions. The conductivity of the membranes in acid form was measured with the ac impedance technique using a PGSTAT30 frequency response analyzer. The hybrid cross-linked membranes have conductivity close to 10-1 S.cm{sup -1} at 100% RH and 80 deg C. Electrochemical performances, thermo-mechanical stability and low cost make this cross-linked SPSF hybrid membrane an attractive material for fuel cells using a proton exchange membrane. (author)

Hydrogen production through allothermal ethanol reforming for fuel cells application: first generation prototype; Producao de hidrogenio atraves da reforma-vapor do etanol para aplicacoes em celulas a combustivel: prototipo de primeira geracao

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Marin Neto, Antonio Jose; Silva, Ennio Peres da; Camargo, Joao Carlos; Neves Junior, Newton Pimenta; Pinto, Cristiano da Silva [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP (Brazil). Lab. de Hidrogenio; Pinto, Cristiano da Silva [Centro Nacional de Referencia em Energia do Hidrogenio, Campinas, SP (Brazil)

2004-07-01

This paper describes preliminary results obtained with the allothermal ethanol reforming system for synthesis gas (syn-gas) production and hydrogen upgrading and purification for fuel cell applications. The system was designed to supply hydrogen to a 500 W PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) fuel cell, with an electrical efficiency of 45%, which requires approximately 0.45 m3.h-1 of hydrogen, with a maximum carbon monoxide concentration of 20 {mu}mol.mol-1 (ppm). The study was performed changing the operation temperature and analyzing the resulting syn-gas through gas chromatography for a specific catalyst. This catalyst was tested up to 700 deg C, 1 bar and fixed stoichiometric steam to carbon ratio. The syn-gas, before carbon monoxide shift reactor implementation, was submitted to a two-bed-three-segments purification step composed of chemical and physical molecular sieves for hydrogen purification. The carbon monoxide shift reactor (water gas shift reactor) is under development to improve the efficiency-to-hydrogen and maximize the life of the purification bed. The final results also include a discussion about possible reactions involved in ethanol steam-reforming for such catalyst. (author)

In vitro study of the effects of radio frequency generated for plasma in neoplastic cells HT-29; Estudo in vitro dos efeitos da radiofrequencia gerada por plasmas em celulas neoplasicas HT-29

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Andrighetto, Daniela; Dornelles, Eduardo Bortoluzzi; Cruz, Ivana Beatrice Manica da; Lüdke, Everton, E-mail: daniela.andrighetto@hotmail.com, E-mail: dornellesedu@gmail.com, E-mail: ibmcruz@hotmail.com, E-mail: evertonludke@gmail.com [Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS (BRazil)

2014-07-01

The goal of this study is to develop an in vitro irradiation cell system with controllable irradiation intensities of 27 MHz produced by an argon plasma column with variable amplitude modulation in the 100-700 kHz range. This paper presents and discusses a proposed experiment, with toxicity analysis (DNA Picogreen®) and cell viability (MTT assay) in the radiation-induced HT-29 cell line (colon adenocarcinoma). The data allow us to observe that cellular toxicity effects may occur with exposure to fields produced by argon plasma with intensities on the order of at least 3.2 W / cm2 and exposure times above 3.5 hours continuously. An analysis of cell populations for cell toxicity tests using the Student's t-test did not show significant changes (p <0.05) in the amount of DNA released by the action of radiofrequency, although it has been found that cell viability (MTT) is not significantly altered by long exposures to radiation induced plasma RF signals in 27 MHz (p> 0.34). Cytotoxic effects due to the destruction of cell wall by heating the samples were not detected in any of the tests.

Materiais a base de oxidos com estrutura do tipo perovskite e compositos como anodos de PCES: Propriedades Funcionais e Comportamento Eletroquimico em Celulas com Eletrolitos Solidos a Base de Galatos e Silicatos

Science.gov (United States)

Kolotygin, Vladislav

This work was focused on the analysis of transport, thermomechanical and electrochemical properties of a series of perovskite-like oxide materials and composites for potential applications as anodes of intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) with lanthanum gallate and silicate solid electrolytes. The primary attention was centered on A(Mn,Nb)O3-delta (A = Sr, Ca) and (La,Sr)(Mn,Ti)O3-based systems, lanthanum chromite substituted with acceptor-type and variable-valence cations, and various Ni-containing cermets. Emphasis was given to phase stability of the materials, their crystal structure, microstructure of porous electrode layers and dense ceramics, electronic conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, oxygen permeability, thermal and chemical induced expansion, and anodic overpotentials of the electrodes deposited onto (La,Sr)(Ga,Mg)O3- and La10(Si,Al)6O27-based electrolyte membranes. In selected cases, roles of oxygen diffusivity, states of the transition metal cations relevant for the electronic transport, catalytically active additives and doped ceria protective interlayers introduced in the model electrochemical cells were assessed. The correlations between transport properties of the electrode materials and electrochemical behavior of porous electrodes showed that the principal factors governing anode performance include, in particular, electronic conduction of the anode compositions and cation interdiffusion between the electrodes and solid electrolytes. The latter is critically important for the silicatebased electrolyte membranes, leading to substantially worse anode properties compared to the electrochemical cells with lanthanum gallate solid electrolyte. The results made it possible to select several anode compositions exhibiting lower area-specific electrode resistivity compared to known analogues, such as (La,Sr)(Cr,Mn)O3-delta.

Importance of gallium-67 scintigraphy in primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma: report of two cases;Importancia da cintilografia com galio-67 no linfoma cutaneo primario de celulas B: relato de dois casos

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Attab, Cyomara Sanches, E-mail: rubinha.attab@terra.com.b [Centro Brasileiro de Medicina Nuclear (CEBRAMEN), Goiania, GO (Brazil); Moriguchi, Sonia Marta [Fundacao Pio XII, Barretos, SP (Brazil). Hospital de Cancer; Paton, Eduardo Jose Alencar [Fundacao Pio XII, Barretos, SP (Brazil). Cancer Hospital. Div. of Hemotherapy and Bone-Marrow Transplant; Alencar, Mario Henrique Leite de [Clinica de Prevencao em Cancer, Goiania, GO, (Brazil); Rocha, Euclides Timoteo da [Fundacao Pio XII, Barretos, SP (Brazil). Cancer Hospital. Dept. of Nuclear Medicine

2010-05-15

The authors describe two cases of cutaneous B-cell lymphoma where correct staging, treatment and follow-up could be achieved through a combination of conventional imaging studies and gallium-67 scintigraphy. (author)

Padrão de resistência de genótipos de aveia à ferrugem-da-folha na definição de hibridações Resistance pattern of white oat genotypes to crown rust in the definition of crosses

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Eduardo Alano Vieira

2006-04-01

Full Text Available Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: determinar o padrão de resistência/suscetibilidade de 20 genótipos de aveia a 40 isolados de Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae, coletados em três municípios do Rio Grande do Sul; o padrão de virulência/avirulência desses isolados contra os genótipos de aveia; e indicar genitores para a geração de populações com elevada resistência à ferrugem-da-folha. Os padrões de resistência de Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae e o de virulência/avirulência dos isolados foram determinados pela avaliação da reação desencadeada pela aspersão dos isolados deste fungo em plântulas de genótipos de aveia. A seleção de genitores foi baseada no índice de complementação de cultivares, proposto neste trabalho. Os genótipos que expressaram resistência ao maior número de isolados foram FAPA6, URS20, UPFA20, CFT1 e FAPA5, ao passo que os genótipos UFRGS15, UPF15, UPF18, UPF19 e UPF16 evidenciaram suscetibilidade ao maior número de isolados. Os cruzamentos mais indicados entre os genótipos estudados são: FAPA6 x Albasul, URS22 x FAPA6, CFT1 x URPEL15 e CFT1 x UFRGS19.The objectives of this work were: to determine the resistance/susceptibility pattern of 20 elite oat genotypes to 40 isolates of Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae; to determine the pattern of virulence/avirulence of isolates collected in three counties of Rio Grande do Sul to the oat genotypes studied; and to indicate potential parents for the generation of populations with high crown rust resistance. The resistance pattern of oat genotypes and the virulence/avirulence of the fungi were determined by the analysis of the reaction incited by the inoculation of Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae isolates into seedlings of oat genotypes. The selection of genitors was based on the cultivar complementation index proposed in this work. Genotypes expressing resistance to the larger number of isolates were FAPA6, URS20, UPFA20, CFT1 and FAPA5, while UFRGS15, UPF15, UPF18, UPF19 and UPF16 were susceptible to a higher number of isolates. The following crosses are indicated: FAPA6 x Albasul, URS22 x FAPA6, CFT1 x URPEL15 and CFT1 x UFRGS19.

Anatomia e ultra-estrutura foliar de Cyperus maritimus Poir. (Cyperaceae: estratégias adaptativas ao ambiente de dunas litorâneas Leaf anatomy and ultrastructure of Cyperus maritimus Poir. (Cyperaceae: adaptive strategies for coastal dune environment

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Shirley Martins

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Foram analisados aspectos anatômicos e ultra-estruturais foliares de Cyperus maritimus Poir. visando identificar caracteres adaptativos ao ambiente de dunas litorâneas. Para isto, indivíduos ocorrentes nas dunas da Praia de Pipa, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, tiveram as folhas submetidas a diferentes análises: microscopia de luz, eletrônica de varredura e de transmissão. Em vista frontal, a epiderme possui tricomas unicelulares, corpos de sílica, cutícula estriada e depósitos de cera. Em secção transversal, a epiderme é unisseriada com parede periclinal externa espessa. Os estômatos são paracíticos, podendo o ostíolo estar obstruído por cera. Abaixo da face adaxial observa-se o parênquima aqüífero. Os feixes vasculares ocorrem em múltiplas fileiras, sendo as periféricas compostas por feixes de diâmetro menor que os feixes da fileira central. Foram observados caracteres relacionados à síndrome Kranz do tipo clorociperóide. Aspectos ultra-estruturais, como cloroplastos presentes na bainha do feixe, esses sem grana evidentes, entre outras características, reforçam a possível ocorrência da via C4 nesta espécie. É a primeira citação para o gênero Cyperus de cloroplasto nas celulas do tecido vascular. Neste trabalho foi possível observar vários caracteres importantes para plantas submetidas a estresse hídrico e salino, como: cera, células epidérmicas com parede periclinal externa espessada, parênquima aqüífero e síndrome Kranz.Anatomical and ultrastructural aspects of Cyperus maritimus Poir. were analyzed with the aim of identifying adaptive features for the dune environment. Collections were made at Pipa beach, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Leaves were submitted to different analyses: light microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. In frontal view, the epidermis has unicellular trichomes, silica bodies, a striate cuticle and wax deposits. In transverse section, the epidermis is uniseriate

Performance evaluation of a fuel cell with NiO-YSV anode operating with natural gas; Avaliacao do desempenho de uma celula a combustivel com anodo de NiO YSZ operando com gas natural

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Nobrega, Shayenne Diniz da; Vasconcelos, Carmel Suzarte Ayres; Lima, Luiz Rogerio Pinho de Andrade [Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBa), Salvador, BA (Brazil). Escola Politecnica. Dept. de Ciencia e Tecnologia dos Materiais]. E-mail: shayennedn@yahoo.com.br

2008-07-01

Fuel cell is an electrochemical device that converts the chemical energy into electric energy. The natural gas, for its proven improvement in the income of the equipment in relation to other energy ones, has been very used to feed the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) in the generation of electric power. Ceramics of Yttria-stabilized zirconia had been used as electrolyte and when supported with nickel oxide they act as anode in the solid oxide fuel cell, due to raised ionic conductivity that these materials present in high temperatures, while lanthanum with strontium and manganite are used as cathode. In the composition of the anode, the concentration of Ni O, acting as catalytic in the YSZ confers high electric conductivity and high electrochemical activity of the reactions, providing the internal reform in the SOFC. In this work, the solid oxide fuel cell, formed by Yttria- stabilized zirconia, nickel oxide, and lanthanum with strontium and manganite were tested in the reform had been prepared samples of electrode/electrolyte for use in SOFC of the natural gas in the presence of low water text, similar condition to the operation of the SOFC, operating in temperatures range from 700 to 800 deg C. This cell also was characterized using the impedance spectroscopy technique. These results allowed the development of components of the current versus voltage. (author)

Simplified methodology for control cell constant calculations of the reactor cores for the space kinetics; Metodologia simplificada para calculos das constantes das celulas de controles dos nucleos de reatores para a cinetica espacial

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Santos, Rubens Souza dos [Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear (IEN), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Martinez, Aquilino Senra; Alvim, Antonio Carlos Marques [Universidade Federal, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Coordenacao dos Programas de Pos-graduacao de Engenharia. Programa de Engenharia Nuclear

2002-07-01

In this work is presented a methodology which focuses the distribution of neutron absorber rods in nuclear reactor power plants, for utilizing in space kinetic calculations, principally in the cluster ejection transients of control rods. A numerical model for macroscopic constant calculations based on the knowledge of the neutron flux without the control rods is proposed, as alternative to the analytical models, based on the hypothesis of the null current on the cell super boundaries. The proposed model in this work has itself showed adequate to deal with problems with strong space dependence, once that the model showed consistence in the global average built in the analytical model. (author)

RELACION DE LA EXPRESION DEL RECEPTOR DE INSULINA CON LA EXPRESION DE LAS ENZIMAS GLICOGENICAS (GS1 Y GS2) Y GLUCONEOGENICAS EN LAS CELULAS DE TUBULO PROXIMAL DE RATAS NORMALES Y DIABETICAS

OpenAIRE

GATICA GUTIERREZ, RODRIGO ORLANDO; GATICA GUTIERREZ, RODRIGO ORLANDO

2012-01-01

En el presente estudio se determinó los efectos sobre la expresión y localización del receptor de insulina (InsR), de glicógeno sin tasa (GS) y de las enzimas glicolíticas y gluconeogénicas en diabetes de largo plazo. Insulina es esencial para el manejo energético del cuerpo, sin embargo, su rol a nivel renal es poco conocido. Su unión al receptor de insulina provoca una cascada de señalización intracelular, que regula múltiples procesos biológicos, tales corno el metabolismo lipídico y pr...

Synthesis of yttria-doped zirconia anodes and calcium-doped ceria electrolyte to fuel cell; Sintese de anodos de zirconia dopada com itria e eletrolito de ceria dopada com calcia para celulas a combustivel

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Almeida, G.R.S de; Fagury Neto, E.; Rabelo, A.A., E-mail: grs_gustavo@hotmail.co [Universidade Federal do Para (UFPA), Maraba, PA (Brazil). Fac. de Engenharia de Materiais

2010-07-01

From the pursuit of lower operating temperature of fuel cells solid oxide was used polymeric precursor for the synthesis of reactive powder compositions Zr{sub 0,92}Y{sub 0,08}O{sub 2} for the anode and Ce{sub 0,88}Ca{sub 0,12}O{sub 2} for the electrolyte. The solutions were prepared using the metal in much of the composition and citric acid molar ratio of 1:3, under stirring at 60 deg C/1 h. The mixture of metallic citrates was subjected to agitation at a temperature of 80 deg C which was added ethylene glycol in the ratio 60:40 by weight citric acid / ethylene glycol, to form a resin that was pre-calcined at 300 deg C/3 h for to form the expanded resin. The powders were disaggregated in a mortar, screened and calcined at 400, 600 and 800 deg C/2 h. The powders were characterized by standard X-ray diffraction. (author)

Action of the chlorophyllin before genetic damage induced by gamma radiation in germinal cells of Drosophila; Accion de la clorofilina ante el dano genetico inducido por radiacion gamma en celulas germinales de Drosophila

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Moreno B, R

2004-07-01

The chlorophyllin (CHLN) is a porphyrin of nutritious grade and soluble in water, derived of the chlorophyll. It has been reported that this pigment is a good anti mutagen since it reduces the damage to the DNA caused by physical or chemical agents of direct or indirect action. Their anti carcinogenic action has also been demonstrated when it is administered itself during the induced post-initiation phase by aflatoxins and heterocyclic amines. However in the last decade it has been reported that it also has promoter activity against the genetic damage induced by diverse agents like the alkyl ants of direct and indirect action, the gamma radiation and some heterocyclic amines. This effect has been observed in testing systems like Salmonella, Drosophila, rainbow trout and rodents. In the mouse spermatogonia it has been reported that it reduces the damage to the DNA but with the test of lethal dominant in Drosophila increment the damage induced by gamma radiation. The present study consisted on evaluating the effect of the CHLN in the line germinal masculine of Drosophila by means of the lethal recessive test bound to the sex (LRLS) with the stump Muller 5 and a litters system. Its were pretreated wild males with CHLN and 24 h later were irradiated with 0, 10, 20 and 40 Gy of gamma radiation immediately later were crossed with virgin females of the stump Basc and at 72 h the male was transferred to a cultivation media with three new virgin females, this process repeated three times until completing 3 litters. The F1 it was crossed among itself and in the F2 it was analysed the presence or absence of lethals. The results indicated that the CHLN per se incremented the basal frequency of damage due to the pigment can act as an agent that is inserted to the ADN causing pre mutagenic leisure. Nevertheless with the groups treated with the different doses of gamma radiation the CHLN does not present any protector action, neither promoter except in the litter I of the group treated with 20 Gy where it was observed a promoter effect of genetic damage. (Author)

Avaliação da aprendizagem e motivação para aprender: tramas e entrelaços na formação de professores/The evaluation of learning and motivation to learn: intrigues and interlaces in pre-service teachers formation

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Evely Boruchovitch

2009-10-01

Full Text Available A avaliação pode processar-se sob a égide de duas distintas lógicas: a da classificação ou a da formação. A prevalência da primeira parece condenar os estudantes a desempenhos sofridos e sofríveis, conforme se constata nos resultados revelados por provas nacionais e internacionais. Afinal, apesar do discurso a propalar um exercício formativo, o que se nota, ainda, em termos de avaliação é a preocupação em separar o joio do trigo. A inquietação quanto às decorrências da avaliação classificatória, principalmente no que tange á motivação para a aprendizagem, orientou a delimitação do objetivo do presente estudo: mapear e analisar as implicações das concepções de avaliação vivenciadas ao longo de um curso de Licenciatura em Pedagogia relativamente à motivação da aprendizagem. A pesquisa quanti-qualitativa valeu-se de metodologia também hibrida, o estudo de caso. Os procedimentos de coleta utilizados foram: questionário e entrevista. Os dados foram analisados à luz da análise de conteúdo clássica. Os resultados parecem apontar relação entre avaliação classificatória, motivação extrínseca e abordagem superficial à aprendizagem, bem como entre avaliação formativa, motivação intrínseca e abordagem profunda à aprendizagem.The evaluation of learning can be either classificatory or formative. The prevalence of the first one over the second usually condemns students to poor achievement performance as it can be observed in national and international examinations. Though the educational discourse seems to acknowledge the important role of learning evaluation as a process, what indeed happens in practice is the classificatory approach targeted at identifying and separating those who had learned from those who had not. The concern with the consequences of the classificatory evaluation especially in regard to motivation to learn led to the construction of the objective of the present study: to map and to

A greve dos professores no Paraná em 2015: política, subjetividade, resistência (Educational strikes in Paraná 2015: politics, subjectivity, resistance Doi: 10.5212/Emancipacao.v.15i2.0009

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Murilo Duarte Costa Corrêa

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Resumo: os ciclos de greves dos professores da rede pública de ensino doEstado do Paraná, que culminaram no trágico episódio repressivo de 29 de abril de 2015, foram atravessados por uma intensa disputa pela condução e pelo controle dos signos que se plasmariam na opinião pública. O governo estadual procurava alterar os significados sociais dos três eixos que, ao se confundirem ao infinito, compunham o potencial coletivo das greves dos professores do Estado: sua política, sua subjetividade e sua resistência. É ao redor desses três eixos, e de suas hibridações práticas, que se pretende analisar a conjuntura política dos ciclos das greves de 2015, descrevendo suas conexões inaparentes com as novas dinâmicas de manifestações populares, que encontram seu marco nos levantes que se iniciaram em junho de 2013, os processos de subjetivação envolvidos e as ramificações locais das lutas do público e do comum contra medidas de austeridade. Para tanto, o texto se vale do método de análise da conjuntura política que envolve o episódio de 29 de abril, fundada teoricamente em categorias filiadas pós-estruturalismo contemporâneo – sobretudo à obra de Michael Hardt e Antonio Negri – e empiricamente na análise de crítica de artigos de jornais, periódicos e sites a respeito do objeto de estudo. Palavras-Chave: Greves. Estado do Paraná. Movimentos Sociais. Contemporâneos. Análise de conjuntura.Abstract: The educational strikes in Paraná, which resulted in the tragic repressive episode of April 29th 2015, were crossed by an intense dispute to conduct and control the signs from which public opinion would later emerge. The State government tried to modify the social meaning of three political axes consisting in the collective potential of those strikes: their politics, subjectivity and forms of resistance. Concerning these three axes, and their processes and practices of hybridation, this essay aims to analyse the political

Desempenho de clones de seringueira da série IAC 300 selecionados para a região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo Performance of Hevea clones from IAC 300 series selected in the northwestern region of São Paulo State, Brazil

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Paulo de Souza Gonçalves

2001-04-01

Full Text Available É apresentado o desempenho de 19 novos clones de seringueira [Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. exAdr. de Juss. Muell. Arg.], resultantes de hibridações conduzidas no Instituto Agronômico e avaliados em experimento de pequena escala, tendo o clone RRIM 600 como testemunha. O experimento em campo obedeceu ao delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. Com relação à produção de borracha seca, o clone IAC 40 apresentou a maior média (62,22 g/árvore/sangria nos três anos de avaliação, seguido pelo IAC 301 (57,67 g/árvore/sangria e pelo IAC 300 (50,61 g/árvore/sangria, com produções 154%, 138% e 123% superiores em relação ao RRIM 600 (41,04 g/árvore/sangria. Todos os clones selecionados foram vigorosos, com perímetro do caule na abertura do painel variando de 37,81 cm (IAC 317 a 50,90 cm (IAC 315. A porcentagem de plantas aptas a sangria variou de 20,0% (IAC 317 a 100% (IAC 315. Todos os clones apresentaram baixas incidências de quebra pelo vento e de secamento do painel. Não foi detectada nenhuma doença foliar em caráter epidêmico. Dos clones estudados, 15 apresentaram alta resistência à antracnose do painel, e foram superiores ao RRIM 600; os outros cinco apresentaram resistência moderada semelhante ao RRIM 600.The present paper shows the performance of 19 rubber tree [Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Adr. de Juss. Muell. Arg.] originated from Hevea breeding programme conducted at the Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC and evaluated in a small scale trial in the northwestern of São Paulo State, Brazil. The old popular clone RRIM 600 of Malaysian origin was used as control. The trial was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications. Concerned to yielding the clone IAC 40 recorded highest yield (62.22 g/tree/tap over three years of tapping which was followed by IAC 301 (57.67 g/tree/tap and IAC 300 (50.61 g/tree/tap yielding 154%, 138% and 123% superior to the control clone and RRIM 600 whereas

Análise comparativa entre as metodologias de PCR metilação-específica (MSP, Southern blot (SB e FISH utilizadas no diagnóstico genético molecular de pacientes com suspeita clínica das síndromes de Prader-Willi ou Angelman

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Bruna Oliveira

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Introdução: Prader-Willi (SPW e Angelman (SA são síndromes clinicamente distintas, causadas pela perda de expressão de genes na região cromossômica 15q11.2-q13, de origem paterna ou materna, respectivamente. Ambas compartilham os mesmos métodos diagnósticos. Nossos objetivos foram: a analisar por PCR metilação-específica (MSP pacientes com suspeita clínica de SPW/SA; b comparar resultados de diferentes metodologias de diagnóstico molecular; c aplicar a técnica MSP na rotina assistencial de pacientes encaminhados ao Serviço de Genética Médica/Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (SGM/HCPA. Métodos: Foram analisados 123 pacientes com suspeita clínica de SPW (n = 71 ou SA (n = 52 por MSP. Desses, 79 possuíam análise prévia por hibridação in situ fluorescente (FISH e/ou Southern blot (SB. Resultados: Foram detectados 21 casos positivos – 15 de SPW (12,19% e 6 de SA (4,88%. Nove pacientes tiveram etiologia molecular determinada, sendo sete com diagnóstico de SPW (quatro dissomias uniparentais – UPD15 materna – e três deleções na região 15q11-13 e dois com diagnóstico de SA (um com UPD15 paterna e um com deleção na região 15q11-13. Foram observados resultados equivalentes entre MSP e SB e resultados discrepantes entre MSP e FISH (n = 4. Foram padronizados dois protocolos de MSP para confirmação dos resultados e controle interno de qualidade. Conclusão: O perfil de detecção de cada técnica varia de acordo com o mecanismo etiológico presente. A análise por MSP detecta alterações no padrão de metilação geradas por deleção, UPD e defeitos de imprinting, sem identificar o mecanismo etiológico responsável. Contudo, mostrou ser eficiente para confirmação do diagnóstico clínico e screening dos pacientes com suspeita clínica sugestiva de SPW e SA. Diante de resultados positivos, é importante a identificação do mecanismo molecular subjacente para correlação genótipo-fenótipo e determina

Fluxo gênico em soja geneticamente modificada e método para sua detecção Gene flow in genetically modified soybean and method for its detection

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Welison Andrade Pereira

2007-07-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar métodos para detecção de sementes de soja tolerante ao glifosato e o fluxo gênico de uma cultivar transgênica para uma convencional, em Florestal e Viçosa, MG. Para adequar método de detecção, foi conduzido experimento comparativo entre cinco bioensaios, dos quais se destacou o teste de germinação em substrato umedecido com solução do glifosato. O experimento de fluxo gênico foi instalado em campo, no esquema de quadrados concêntricos. No centro, foi plantada a cultivar tolerante ao glifosato (fonte de pólen. À sua volta, foi semeada a cultivar sensível (receptora do pólen. No estádio R8, foram colhidas sementes das laterais dos quadrados, em distâncias variadas da fonte de pólen: 0,5, 1, 2, 4 e 8 m. Amostras de 900 sementes, por fileira, foram avaliadas pelo teste de germinação em substrato umedecido com solução de glifosato a 0,06%. Plântulas tolerantes ao glifosato indicaram fecundação cruzada. As maiores porcentagens de hibridação - 1,27% em Florestal e 0,25% em Viçosa - ocorreram a 0,5 m de distância, entre fonte e receptor de pólen, e essas taxas aproximaram-se de zero às distâncias de 2,26 e 1,16 m, para Florestal e Viçosa, respectivamente.The objective of this work was to assess the methods for detection of glyphosate tolerance soybean seeds and the gene flow from a genetically modified soybean cultivar to a conventional one, in Viçosa and Florestal, MG, Brazil. In order to assess the method for detection, a comparative experiment was conduct among five bioassays, from which the germination test in moistened substrate with glyphosate solution was outstanding. The experiment of gene flow was installed in field, in the concentric squares design. In the center, the glyphosate-tolerant cultivar (pollen source was planted. Around it, the sensitive cultivar (pollen receptor was sowed. In the stage R8, seeds of lateral of the squares were harvested, in various distances

Análise da recuperação do genitor recorrente em maracujazeiro-azedo por meio de marcadores RAPD Recovery analysis of recurrent genitor in sour passion fruit through RAPD markers

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Kenia Gracielle da Fonseca

2009-03-01

Full Text Available O Brasil é o maior produtor mundial de maracujá, entretanto tem-se observado redução na produtividade do maracujazeiro nos últimos anos, devido, principalmente, a fatores fitossanitários. Na Embrapa Cerrados, a transferência de genes de resistência de espécies silvestres para as comerciais de maracujazeiro tem sido feita por meio de hibridações interespecíficas seguidas de um programa de retrocruzamentos auxiliados por marcadores moleculares. Este trabalho teve por objetivo verificar a recuperação do genoma recorrente nas plantas RC4 e RC5 [(Passiflora edulis x Passiflora setacea x Passiflora edulis ] com base em marcadores RAPD. O estudo foi desenvolvido no Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Molecular da Embrapa Cerrados. Amostras de DNA de cada material genético (17 plantas RC4, 16 plantas RC5, Passiflora edulis e Passiflora setacea foram amplificadas para obtenção de marcadores RAPD. Foram utilizados 12 primers decâmeros para as plantas RC4 e 14 primers decâmeros para as plantas RC5. Os marcadores RAPD gerados foram convertidos em matriz de dados binários. Verificou-se alta porcentagem de marcadores polimórficos em consequência do cruzamento-base interespecífico. A menor similaridade genética foi observada entre as espécies P. edulis e P. setacea, evidenciando a grande distância genética dessas espécies.Brazil is the largest world producer of passion fruit, however, it has been observed a reduction in the productivity in recent years due, mainly, to phytosanitary factors. At Embrapa Cerrados, the transfer of resistance genes from wild to commercial species of passion fruit has been made through interspecific hybridations, followed by a backcrossing molecular marker-assisted program. The objective this work was to verify the recovery of recurrent genome at the plants RC4 and RC5 [(Passiflora edulis x Passiflora setacea x Passiflora edulis] based on RAPD markers. The study was developed at Embrapa Cerrados

Optimization of the production process of hybrid and multivalent formulation Bombesin/RGD for the opportune detection of breast cancer; Optimizacion del proceso de fabricacion de la formulacion hibrida y multivalente Bombesina/RGD para la deteccion oportuna de cancer de mama

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Robles M, M.

2013-07-01

The radiopharmaceuticals of third generation are used in nuclear medicine to obtain images of specific molecular targets, and they are unique in their capacity to detect in vivo specific biochemical sites as receptors that are over-expressed in diverse illness. In cancer cells several types of receptors are over-expressed, as the integrin s α(v)β(3) and α(v)β(5) that specifically recognize the sequence RGD (Arginine-Glycin-Ac. Aspartic) and gastrin-releasing peptide that recognizes specifically to the peptide Lys{sup 3}-Bombesin. The integrin s α(v)β(3) and α(v)β(5) are involved in the tumor angio genesis processes and the gastrin-releasing peptide is over-expressed in breast and prostate cancer. The molecular recognition of the specific receptors is the basis to be utilized as targets of the radiopharmaceuticals {sup 99m}Tc-HYNIC-Bombesin and {sup 99m}Tc-HYNIC-RGD. In this work was developed a lyophilized pharmaceutical formulation effective, stable and safe for the simultaneous obtaining of the radiopharmaceuticals {sup 99m}Tc-HYNIC-Bombesin ({sup 99m}Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-Lys{sup 3}-Bombesin) and {sup 99m}Tc-HYNIC-RGD ({sup 99m}Tc EDDA/HYNIC-E-[c(RGDfK)]{sub 2}). Later on the production process of the product HYNIC-Bombesin/RGD-Sn was optimized using a factorial design and the formulation was transferred to the production plant of radiopharmaceuticals of the Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares (ININ). The optimized formulation is described in the following chart: HYNIC-[Lys{sup 3}]-Bombesin - 12.5 μg; HYNIC-E-c[RGDfK]{sub 2} - 12.5 μg; Stannous chloride (SnCl{sub 2}) - 20 μg; Ethylenediamine diacetic acid (EDDA) - 10 mg; N-tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl glycin (Tricine) - 20 mg; Mannitol - 50 mg. The production process was validated and were carried out the stability studies under refrigeration conditions. (Author)

Uncertainty of efficiency of a fuel cell with the establishing of suitable instrumentation for his measurement; Incerteza da eficiencia de uma celula a combustivel com o estabelecimento da instrumentacao adequada para a sua medicao

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oliveira, Sergio Pinheiro de; Trota Filho, Jorge; Couto, Paulo Roberto Guimaraes; Rocha, Adriana da Cunha [Instituto Nacional de Metrologia Normalizacao e Qualidade Industrial (INMETRO), Duque de Caxias, RJ (Brazil)]. E-mail: spoliveira@inmetro.gov.br

2008-07-01

This work presents and compares the results obtained from the assessment of the uncertainty of measurement of the energetic efficiency calculations of a PEM unit fuel cell and from the total electrical power of a PEM fuel cell stack. This assessment makes use of three different methods of calculation: the Classical method and the Kragten method, both described in the ISO GUM 95 'Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement' and the Monte Carlo method, described in the Supplement 1 to the ISO GUM 95. Concerning the energetic efficiency, both the Classical and Kragten methods presented the same uncertainty values, 0.00029 whereas the Monte Carlo method presented a value of 0.00021. The difference between these two values (0.8 x 10{sup -5}) was greater than the {delta} criteria tolerance established in the Supplement 1 (0.5 x 10{sup -5}). This fact though, has not invalidated the results of the ISO GUM 95, as this work focused on the conservative value of the uncertainty. With respect to the uncertainty of the total electrical power of the fuel cell stack it has been observed that the main contribution for the uncertainty calculation, i.e., the higher uncertainty source (92.8%), was given by the accuracy class of the multimeter employed in the measurements. Additionally to the comparative study of the methods for the uncertainty calculations, this work establishes the correct accuracy class of a multimeter used for the measurement of the given/consumed electric potential by a fuel cell stack, aiming the cost/benefit relation of the process. (author)

Synthesis and characterization of sulfonic acid membranes based on interpenetrating polymer networks for application in fuel cells; Sintese e caracterizacao de membranas sulfonadas baseadas em redes polimericas interpenetrantes para aplicacao em celulas a combustivel

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Blanco, Lyzed Toloza; Loureiro, Felipe A.M.; Rocco, Ana Maria [Grupo de Materiais Condutores e Energia, Escola de Quimica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), RJ (Brazil)], e-mail: amrocco@eq.ufrj.br; Pereira, Robson Pacheco [Instituto de Ciencias Exatas, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Volta Redonda, RJ (Brazil)

2011-07-01

In the present work, the synthesis and characterization of sulfonic membranes based on interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN). In order to obtain such systems, the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) was polymerized in presence of polyethyleneimine (PEI). These membranes were submitted to sulfonation reactions, originating IPN-SO{sub 3}H membranes. The characterization by FTIR evidenced the formation of a Semi-IPN structure, while sulfonation reactions resulted in systems containing -SO{sub 3}H groups covalently bonded to the chains. The membranes exhibited water retention up to 200 degree C, in a temperature range sufficient for application in PEMFC under hydration. (author)

Development of solar cells with back surface field made by aluminum paste and belt furnace diffusion; Desenvolvimento de celulas solares com campo retrodifusor formado por pasta de aluminio e difusao em forno de esteira

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Marcolino, Juliane Bernardes

2011-01-15

Photovoltaics is based on the direct conversion of solar energy into electricity and is a promising alternative to diversify the world's energy matrix. This work aims to develop and analyse the deposition of Al paste by screen printing and firing/diffusion in a belt furnace to produce a BSF region in monocrystalline Si wafers. The diffusion of Al into the substrate was implemented by two different processes. In the first process the diffusion/firing of the Al paste and the firing of the Ag paste was carried out in independent steps. In this case, solar cells with an average efficiency ({eta}{sub average}) of 11.5 % and a maximum of 12.0 % were produced, but with the formation Al clusters in the back surface of the devices. In the second process firing/diffusion of such pastes was done on the same step. In this case, the best results were obtained for a firing/diffusion temperature of 860 deg C and belt furnace speed (V{sub E}) of 150 cm/min and also for 890 deg C and 180 cm/min. For the former parameters, {eta}{sub average} was 12.4 % and the maximum was 12.8 %. For the later, {eta}{sub average} was 12.5 % and the maximum was 12.6 %. Considering a temperature of 900 deg C and V{sub E} of 190 cm/min, {eta}{sub average} was 12.4 %. It was observed that minority carriers diffusion lengths were smaller than the thickness of silicon wafers. Open circuit voltages were 30 mV lower than that from similar cells fabricated at NT-Solar by using high purity Al deposited by e-beam evaporation indicating that the developed process produced low quality BSF. (author)

Preparation of gas diffusion layers for PEMFC fuel cells using carbon fibers; Elaboracao de uma camada de difusao de gas a partir de fibras de carbono para aplicacao em celulas combustiveis do tipo PEMFC

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Santos, J.N.; Kunsti, S.R.; Malfatti, C.F. [Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - Departamento de Metalurgia (PPGEM) - Laboratorio de Pesquisa em Corrosao (LAPEC), Porto Alegre, RS (Brazil); Vargas, J.V.C. [Universidade Federal do Parana - Departamento de Engenharia Mecanica, PR (Brazil); Amico, S.C. [Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - Departamento de Materiais, RS (Brazil)

2010-07-01

The electrode/membrane system, called MEA, is the fundamental unit of a PEMFC (proton exchange membrane fuel cell). Within the MEA, the gas diffusion layer (GDL) is the bridge between the flow field and the catalyst layer. One of the important elements in a GDL is the substrate, typically a carbon cloth or paper, that has to be an excellent electrical conductor and show mechanical strength along with thermal and chemical stability. In this work, GDLs were produced from a suspension containing short carbon fibers in water-based polyurethane and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) resins with appropriate characteristics to be used in low temperature fuel cells. The obtained GDL was characterized regarding its wettability, electrical conductivity and morphological aspects, evaluated by SEM. (author)

Influence of photon recycling effects in the operation and design of GaAs solar cells; Influencia del reciclaje de fotones en el funcionamiento y del diseno de las celulas solares de Arsenico de Galio

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Balenzategui Manzanares, J. L.

2005-07-01

Photon recycling (PR) is the process by which photons internally emitted in a semiconductor can be re-absorbed by the material, giving as result new electron-hole pairs. Although this process has been receiving some international research from the Sixties, because their effects revealed as relevant in certain devices and materials (as in gallium arsenide), its influence in the operation of solar cells has been scarcely considered in the past. Thus deposited it has been demonstrated that one of its major effects is an enhancement of the radiative carrier lifetine, photon recycling is not usually taken into account in photovoltaic, neither in device modelling and simulation, nor from the perspective of taking advantage of the phenomenon to improve the efficiency of solar cells. This work describes the results of our investigations in the field of photon recycling. (Author)

Studies on the Influence of Tritium Radiation on Anaerobic Bacteria from the Bovine Rumen; Influence de l'Irradiation par le Tritium sur les Bacteries Anaerobies du Rumen des Bovins; 0418 0441 0414 ; Estudios sobre los Efectos de las Radiaciones del Tritio en las Bacterias Anaerobias de la Panza de los Bovinos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brueggemann, J.; Giesecke, D. [Institute of Physiology and Animal Nutrition, University of Munich, Munich, Federal Republic of Germany (Germany)

1962-02-15

de los bovinos. Las dosis de hasta 150 krad (cinco dias) no ejercieron un efecto acentuado sobre la proliferacion anaerobia ni sobre el metabolismo de los carbohidratos. En cambio, si la irradiacion de las celulas en reposo se efectua en presencia de oxigeno se observa una notable disminucion del numero de celulas viables. Se ha comprobado que el oxigeno ejerce per se un efecto letal en estas Bullet especies, que decrece logaritmicamente. Se supone que los productos de irradiacion secundarios, sobre todo el H{sub 2}O{sub 2}, son los principales causantes del efecto del T{sub 2}O en estos microorganismos que carecen de catalasa. Los autores esperan obtener algunos resultados confirmatorios. (author) [Russian] Bakterial'naja flora zhvachki krupnogo rogatogo skota sostoit v osnovnom iz chisto anajerobnyh bakterij, kotorye snabzhajut zhivotnoe bol'shim kolichestvom letuchih zhirnyh kislot (LZhK) kak osnovnogo iotochnika jenergii. Dlitel'noe obluchenie flory v laboratornyh uslovijah posred- stvom T{sub 2}O pri tak nazyvaemom 'iskusstvennom perezhevyvanii' v anajerobnyh uslovijah pokazalo, chto dozy do 75 Krad ne imejut sderzhivajushhego vlijanija na rost bakterij i vyrabotku LZhK. Stimuliruemye vozdejstvija, zakanchivavshiesja uskoreniem delenija kletki, i vozrosshie kolichestva LZhK nabljudalis' posle obluchenija nahodjashhejsja v svo- bodnom sostojanii flory pri 0 Degree-Sign C v obshhej doze okolo 30 Krad cherez 20 dnej, no vosproizvodstvo bylo neudovletvoritel'nym vsledstvie geterogennosti veshhestva. Dal'nejshie jeksperimenty osushhestvljalis' na chistyh kul'turah otobrannyh porod bakterij zhvachki. Dozy do 150 Krad (5 dnej) ne okazali zametnogo vli- janija na anajerobnyj rost i metabolizm uglevoda. Odnako, esli pri obluchenii nahodjashhihsja v svobodnom sostojanii kletok prisutstvoval kislorod, otmechalos' znachitel'noe sokrashhenie zhiznesposobnyh kletok. Byl obnaruzhen kislorod, koto- ryj na jetot vid bakterij okazyvaet letal'noe dejstvie, soprovozhdavsheesja

Study of internalization and viability of multimodal nanoparticles for labeling of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells; Estudo de internalizacao e viabilidade de nanoparticulas multimodal para marcacao de celulas-tronco mesenquimais de cordao umbilical humano

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Miyaki, Liza Aya Mabuchi [Faculdade de Enfermagem, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein - HIAE, Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil); Sibov, Tatiana Tais; Pavon, Lorena Favaro; Mamani, Javier Bustamante; Gamarra, Lionel Fernel, E-mail: tatianats@einstein.br [Instituto do Cerebro - InCe, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein - HIAE, Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

2012-04-15

Objective: To analyze multimodal magnetic nanoparticles-Rhodamine B in culture media for cell labeling, and to establish a study of multimodal magnetic nanoparticles-Rhodamine B detection at labeled cells evaluating they viability at concentrations of 10 {mu}g Fe/mL and 100{mu}g Fe/mL. Methods: We performed the analysis of stability of multimodal magnetic nanoparticles-Rhodamine B in different culture media; the mesenchymal stem cells labeling with multimodal magnetic nanoparticles-Rhodamine B; the intracellular detection of multimodal magnetic nanoparticles-Rhodamine B in mesenchymal stem cells, and assessment of the viability of labeled cells by kinetic proliferation. Results: The stability analysis showed that multimodal magnetic nanoparticles-Rhodamine B had good stability in cultured Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's-Low Glucose medium and RPMI 1640 medium. The mesenchymal stem cell with multimodal magnetic nanoparticles-Rhodamine B described location of intracellular nanoparticles, which were shown as blue granules co-localized in fluorescent clusters, thus characterizing magnetic and fluorescent properties of multimodal magnetic nanoparticles Rhodamine B. Conclusion: The stability of multimodal magnetic nanoparticles-Rhodamine B found in cultured Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's-Low Glucose medium and RPMI 1640 medium assured intracellular mesenchymal stem cells labeling. This cell labeling did not affect viability of labeled mesenchymal stem cells since they continued to proliferate for five days. (author)

Absence of genotoxic activity from milk and water boiled in microwave oven in somatic cells from Drosophila melanogaster; Ausencia da atividade genotoxica do leite e agua, fervidos com microondas, em celulas somaticas de Drosophila melanogaster

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dias, Cristina das Dores. E-mail: crisddias@yahoo.com.br

2003-07-01

This paper reports an experiment for evaluation of the possible genotoxic effects of food prepared in a microwave oven, through the mutation test and somatic recombination, in wings of Drosophila melanogaster. Two crossing have been performed: a standard cross-ST and a high bioactivation cross - HB resulting in marked trans -heterozygote descendents (MH) and balanced heterozygotes (BH). The 72 hours larvas were fed with water and milk boiled both in the microwave oven and in the traditional way. The MH individual wings were analyzed, where the spots can be induced either by mutation or mitotic recombination. The experiment presented negative results related to the genotoxic effects of the water and milk boiled using the microwave oven, in MH descendents of both crossing. Therefore, under these experimental conditions, genotoxic activity were not presented by milk and water boiled in the microwave oven. However, an extensive study using different techniques is necessary to investigate the action of the food prepared in the microwave oven on the genetic material.

Synthesis and ceramic processing of zirconia alumina composites for application as solid oxide fuel cell electrolytes; Sintese e processamento de compositos de zirconia-alumina para aplicacao como eletrolito em celulas a combustivel de oxido solido

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Garcia, Rafael Henrique Lazzari

2007-07-01

The global warmness and the necessity to obtain clean energy from alternative methods than petroleum raises the importance of developing cleaner and more efficient systems of energy generation, among then, the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). Cubic stabilized zirconia (CSZ) has been the most studied material as electrolyte in SOFC, due to its ionic conductivity and great stability at operation conditions. However, its low fracture toughness difficulties its application as a thin layer, what could lead to an improvement of cell efficiency. In this sense, the alumina addition in CSZ forms a composite, which can shift its mechanical properties, without compromising its electrical properties. In this work, coprecipitation synthesis route and ceramic processing of zirconia-alumina composites were studied, in order to establish optimum conditions to attain high density, homogeneous microstructure, and better mechanical properties than CSZ, without compromising ionic conductivity. For this purpose, composites containing up to 40 wt % of alumina, in a 9 mol % yttria-stabilized zirconia (9Y-CSZ) matrix were evaluated. In order to optimize the synthesis of the composites, a preliminary study of powder obtaining and processing were carried out, at compositions containing 20 wt % of alumina, in 9Y-CSZ. The ceramic powders were characterized by helium picnometry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electronic microscopy, transmission electronic microscopy, thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, granulometry by laser diffraction and gas adsorption (BET). The characterization of sinterized compacts were performed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, density measurements, Vickers indentation and impedance spectroscopy. The obtained results show that the alumina addition, in the 9Y-CSZ matrix powders, raises the specific surface area, promotes deagglomeration of powders and elevates the oxides crystallization temperature, requiring higher energetic thermal treatments to attain high densities. In relation to the sintered products, it was confirmed the excellent homogeneity and crystallinity of microstructure provided by the chosen route, the restriction of grain growth by alumina addition, raise of hardness and fracture toughness, and higher ionic conductivity, even tough a lower bulk conductivity. These results indicate that the addition of 5 wt % alumina in CSZ matrix allows the application of this material as solid oxide fuel cell electrolytes, due to its better fracture toughness and ionic conductivity, compared to yttria-stabilized cubic zirconia ceramics. (author)

Influence of free radicals generated by gamma irradiation on the trehalose levels in Saccharomyces boulardii leaven cells; Influencia de radicais livres gerados pela irradiacao gama nos niveis de trealose em celulas da levedura Saccharomyces boulardii

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Martins, Flaviano dos Santos; Vianna, Cristina Roscoe [Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear (CDTN), Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil). Lab. de Radiobiologia]|[Minas Gerais Univ, Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil). Dept. de Microbiologia; Neves, Maria Jose [Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear (CDTN), Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil). Lab. de Radiobiologia

2002-07-01

Lyophilized cells of yeast Saccharomyces boulardii were submit to the gamma irradiation ({sup 60} Cobalt). It was noted that the yeast cells surviving to gamma irradiation had more trehalose than control cells. The incubation of cells with H{sub 2}0{sub 2} induces the synthesis of trehalose but the exposition to CdCl{sub 2} induces the accumulation of trehalose only in low concentrations. Apparently there is a positive correlation between of trehalose level and gamma irradiation resistance of S. boulardii cells. It was not observed any correlation with the level of trehalose determined and the oxidative stress tested. (author)

Microstructural characterization of composite cobaltite and lanthanum-based ceria for use as fuel cell cathodes; Caracterizacao microestrutural de compositos a base de cobaltita de lantanio e ceria para aplicacao como catodos de celulas a combustivel

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rodrigues, E.R.T.; Nascimento, R.M.; Miranda, A.C. de; Lima, A.M. de, E-mail: erickssonrtr@gmail.com [Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), RN (Brazil); Macedo, D.A. [Universidade Federal da Paraiba (UFPB), PB (brazil)

2016-07-01

Fuel cells are devices that convert chemical energy into electricity via redox reactions. In this work, the lanthanum cobaltite doped with strontium and iron (La{sub 0,6}Sr{sub 0,4}Co{sub 0,2}Fe{sub 0,8}O{sub 3} - LSCF) a traditional cathodes material of the fuel cell was mixed with an electrolyte material (composite) to the base ceria doped with gadolinia and a eutectic mixture of lithium carbonates and sodium (CGO-NLC). The powders of LSCF and CGO-NLC were obtained by the citrate method and mixed to obtain a composite cathode. Samples obtained by uniaxial pressure between 5 and 10 MPa were sintered at 1100°C and investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and micro hardness test. A symmetric cell cathode / electrolyte / cathode, obtained by co-pressing and co-sintering was investigated by electron microscopy. The results indicated that the composite is chemically stable up to the sintering temperature used. The hardness ranged between 51 and 227 HV. (author)

Vitrification of nanotoxic waste (Ru) from the production of nano-catalysts for direct ethanol fuel cells; Vitrificacao de nano-residuos toxicos (Ru) provenientes da producao de nano-catalisadores para celulas a combustivel de etanol direto

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Silva, A.C.; Julio-Junior, O.; Mello-Castanho, S.R.H. [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

2010-07-01

Nanostructured catalysts have been developed for ethanol directly use in fuel cells, which due to the economic advantages that should have widespread use in the near future. The catalysts for these devices using nano-structured metal are based, where the toxic nature and environmental risks presented by these metals are largely enhanced by nano-dispersion. Thus, the production of nano-catalysts are potentially generating highly hazardous waste for public health and the environment. This study presents the treatment and inertization of ruthenium (Ru) nanoparticles waste containing by the vitrification technique and consequent attainment of silicate glasses for potential commercial use. Compositions were prepared containing up to about 20 wt % of nano-waste by changing the basic composition of glass soda-lime-borosilicate. After the fusion, at a temperature of 1100 deg C, the glasses were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Infra-red in the Fourier transform (FT-IR) techniques. The chemical stability was evaluated by hydrolytic attack test. The glass containing 20 wt % of nano-residue showed a high chemical stability, similar to a usual soda-lime glass. (author)

Structural and optical properties of electrodeposited culnSe{sub 2} thin films for photovoltaic solar cells; Propiedades estructurales y opticas de laminas delgadas de CulnSe2 electrodepositadas para su aplicacion en celulas solares fotovoltaicas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Guillen, C; Herrero, J; Galiano, F

1990-07-01

Optical an structural properties of electrodeposited copper indium diselenide, CulnSe2, thin films were studied for its application in photovoltaic devices. X-ray diffraction patterns showed that thin films were grown in chalcopyrite phase after suitable treatments. Values of Eg for the CulnSe2 thin films showed a dependence on the deposition potential as determined by optical measurements. (Author) 47 refs.

Evaluation of the recombination in somatic cells induced by radiation in different stages of Drosophila larval development; Evaluacion de la recombinacion en celulas somaticas inducida por radiacion en diferentes etapas del desarrollo larvario de Drosophila

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cruces, M P; Morales R, P [Instituto nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, A.P. 18-1027, 11801 Mexico D.F. (Mexico)

1997-07-01

The mitotic recombination can happen spontaneously and its frequency is very low, however the recombination rate of a cell can be increased by the exposure to agents which cause damage to DNA. This type of agents are knew commonly as recombinogens. The ionizing radiation and a numerous chemical agents can be mentioned (Vogel, 1992). The objective of this work is to determine if the mutation/recombination rate induced by gamma rays varies with the development stage. In order to realize this investigation it was used the mutation and somatic recombination test of Drosophila wing (Graf and col. 1984). The mwh/ mwh and flr{sup 3}/TM3, Ser stocks were used. (Author)

GPU-Accelerated Optical Coherence Tomography Signal Processing and Visualization

Science.gov (United States)

Darbrazi, Seyed Hamid Hosseiny

As piroxenas sao um vasto grupo de silicatos minerais encontrados em muitas rochas igneas e metamorficas. Na sua forma mais simples, estes silicatos sao constituidas por cadeias de SiO3 ligando grupos tetrahedricos de SiO4. A formula quimica geral das piroxenas e M2M1T2O6, onde M2 se refere a catioes geralmente em uma coordenacao octaedrica distorcida (Mg2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Li+, Ca2+, Na+), M1 refere-se a catioes numa coordenacao octaedrica regular (Al3+, Fe3+, Ti4+, Cr3+, V3+, Ti3+, Zr4+, Sc3+, Zn2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Mn2+), e T a catioes em coordenacao tetrahedrica (Si4+, Al3+, Fe3+). As piroxenas com estrutura monoclinica sao designadas de clinopiroxenes. A estabilidade das clinopyroxenes num espectro de composicoes quimicas amplo, em conjugacao com a possibilidade de ajustar as suas propriedades fisicas e quimicas e a durabilidade quimica, tem gerado um interesse mundial devido a suas aplicacoes em ciencia e tecnologia de materiais. Este trabalho trata do desenvolvimento de vidros e de vitro-cerâmicos baseadas de clinopiroxenas para aplicacoes funcionais. O estudo teve objectivos cientificos e tecnologicos; nomeadamente, adquirir conhecimentos fundamentais sobre a formacao de fases cristalinas e solucoes solidas em determinados sistemas vitro-cerâmicos, e avaliar a viabilidade de aplicacao dos novos materiais em diferentes areas tecnologicas, com especial enfase sobre a selagem em celulas de combustivel de oxido solido (SOFC). Com este intuito, prepararam-se varios vidros e materiais vitro-cerâmicos ao longo das juntas Enstatite (MgSiO3) - diopsidio (CaMgSi2O6) e diopsidio (CaMgSi2O6) - Ca - Tschermak (CaAlSi2O6), os quais foram caracterizados atraves de um vasto leque de tecnicas. Todos os vidros foram preparados por fusao-arrefecimento enquanto os vitro-cerâmicos foram obtidos quer por sinterizacao e cristalizacao de fritas, quer por nucleacao e cristalizacao de vidros monoliticos. Estudaram-se ainda os efeitos de varias substituicoes ionicas em composicoes de

Particulate matter and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from forest fires: impacts on air quality and occupational risks assessment

Science.gov (United States)

Oliveira, Marta Madalena Marques de

As piroxenas sao um vasto grupo de silicatos minerais encontrados em muitas rochas igneas e metamorficas. Na sua forma mais simples, estes silicatos sao constituidas por cadeias de SiO3 ligando grupos tetrahedricos de SiO4. A formula quimica geral das piroxenas e M2M1T2O6, onde M2 se refere a catioes geralmente em uma coordenacao octaedrica distorcida (Mg2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Li+, Ca2+, Na+), M1 refere-se a catioes numa coordenacao octaedrica regular (Al3+, Fe3+, Ti4+, Cr3+, V3+, Ti3+, Zr4+, Sc3+, Zn2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Mn2+), e T a catioes em coordenacao tetrahedrica (Si4+, Al3+, Fe3+). As piroxenas com estrutura monoclinica sao designadas de clinopiroxenes. A estabilidade das clinopyroxenes num espectro de composicoes quimicas amplo, em conjugacao com a possibilidade de ajustar as suas propriedades fisicas e quimicas e a durabilidade quimica, tem gerado um interesse mundial devido a suas aplicacoes em ciencia e tecnologia de materiais. Este trabalho trata do desenvolvimento de vidros e de vitro-cerâmicos baseadas de clinopiroxenas para aplicacoes funcionais. O estudo teve objectivos cientificos e tecnologicos; nomeadamente, adquirir conhecimentos fundamentais sobre a formacao de fases cristalinas e solucoes solidas em determinados sistemas vitro-cerâmicos, e avaliar a viabilidade de aplicacao dos novos materiais em diferentes areas tecnologicas, com especial enfase sobre a selagem em celulas de combustivel de oxido solido (SOFC). Com este intuito, prepararam-se varios vidros e materiais vitro-cerâmicos ao longo das juntas Enstatite (MgSiO3) - diopsidio (CaMgSi2O6) e diopsidio (CaMgSi2O6) - Ca - Tschermak (CaAlSi2O6), os quais foram caracterizados atraves de um vasto leque de tecnicas. Todos os vidros foram preparados por fusao-arrefecimento enquanto os vitro-cerâmicos foram obtidos quer por sinterizacao e cristalizacao de fritas, quer por nucleacao e cristalizacao de vidros monoliticos. Estudaram-se ainda os efeitos de varias substituicoes ionicas em composicoes de

Viscoelastic nanocapsules under flow in microdevices

Science.gov (United States)

Cordeiro, Ana Lucinda Teixeira

As piroxenas sao um vasto grupo de silicatos minerais encontrados em muitas rochas igneas e metamorficas. Na sua forma mais simples, estes silicatos sao constituidas por cadeias de SiO3 ligando grupos tetrahedricos de SiO4. A formula quimica geral das piroxenas e M2M1T2O6, onde M2 se refere a catioes geralmente em uma coordenacao octaedrica distorcida (Mg2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Li+, Ca2+, Na+), M1 refere-se a catioes numa coordenacao octaedrica regular (Al3+, Fe3+, Ti4+, Cr3+, V3+, Ti3+, Zr4+, Sc3+, Zn2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Mn2+), e T a catioes em coordenacao tetrahedrica (Si4+, Al3+, Fe3+). As piroxenas com estrutura monoclinica sao designadas de clinopiroxenes. A estabilidade das clinopyroxenes num espectro de composicoes quimicas amplo, em conjugacao com a possibilidade de ajustar as suas propriedades fisicas e quimicas e a durabilidade quimica, tem gerado um interesse mundial devido a suas aplicacoes em ciencia e tecnologia de materiais. Este trabalho trata do desenvolvimento de vidros e de vitro-cerâmicos baseadas de clinopiroxenas para aplicacoes funcionais. O estudo teve objectivos cientificos e tecnologicos; nomeadamente, adquirir conhecimentos fundamentais sobre a formacao de fases cristalinas e solucoes solidas em determinados sistemas vitro-cerâmicos, e avaliar a viabilidade de aplicacao dos novos materiais em diferentes areas tecnologicas, com especial enfase sobre a selagem em celulas de combustivel de oxido solido (SOFC). Com este intuito, prepararam-se varios vidros e materiais vitro-cerâmicos ao longo das juntas Enstatite (MgSiO3) - diopsidio (CaMgSi2O6) e diopsidio (CaMgSi2O6) - Ca - Tschermak (CaAlSi2O6), os quais foram caracterizados atraves de um vasto leque de tecnicas. Todos os vidros foram preparados por fusao-arrefecimento enquanto os vitro-cerâmicos foram obtidos quer por sinterizacao e cristalizacao de fritas, quer por nucleacao e cristalizacao de vidros monoliticos. Estudaram-se ainda os efeitos de varias substituicoes ionicas em composicoes de

Clinopyroxene based glasses and glass-ceramics for functional applications

Science.gov (United States)

Goel, Ashutosh

As piroxenas sao um vasto grupo de silicatos minerais encontrados em muitas rochas igneas e metamorficas. Na sua forma mais simples, estes silicatos sao constituidas por cadeias de SiO3 ligando grupos tetrahedricos de SiO4. A formula quimica geral das piroxenas e M2M1T2O6, onde M2 se refere a catioes geralmente em uma coordenacao octaedrica distorcida (Mg2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Li+, Ca2+, Na+), M1 refere-se a catioes numa coordenacao octaedrica regular (Al3+, Fe3+, Ti4+, Cr3+, V3+, Ti3+, Zr4+, Sc3+, Zn2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Mn2+), e T a catioes em coordenacao tetrahedrica (Si4+, Al3+, Fe3+). As piroxenas com estrutura monoclinica sao designadas de clinopiroxenes. A estabilidade das clinopyroxenes num espectro de composicoes quimicas amplo, em conjugacao com a possibilidade de ajustar as suas propriedades fisicas e quimicas e a durabilidade quimica, tem gerado um interesse mundial devido a suas aplicacoes em ciencia e tecnologia de materiais. Este trabalho trata do desenvolvimento de vidros e de vitro-cerâmicos baseadas de clinopiroxenas para aplicacoes funcionais. O estudo teve objectivos cientificos e tecnologicos; nomeadamente, adquirir conhecimentos fundamentais sobre a formacao de fases cristalinas e solucoes solidas em determinados sistemas vitro-cerâmicos, e avaliar a viabilidade de aplicacao dos novos materiais em diferentes areas tecnologicas, com especial enfase sobre a selagem em celulas de combustivel de oxido solido (SOFC). Com este intuito, prepararam-se varios vidros e materiais vitro-cerâmicos ao longo das juntas Enstatite (MgSiO3) - diopsidio (CaMgSi2O6) e diopsidio (CaMgSi2O6) - Ca - Tschermak (CaAlSi2O6), os quais foram caracterizados atraves de um vasto leque de tecnicas. Todos os vidros foram preparados por fusao-arrefecimento enquanto os vitro-cerâmicos foram obtidos quer por sinterizacao e cristalizacao de fritas, quer por nucleacao e cristalizacao de vidros monoliticos. Estudaram-se ainda os efeitos de varias substituicoes ionicas em composicoes de

Analysis of vegetation dynamics using time-series vegetation index data from Earth observation satellites

Science.gov (United States)

Rodrigues, Arlete da Silva

As piroxenas sao um vasto grupo de silicatos minerais encontrados em muitas rochas igneas e metamorficas. Na sua forma mais simples, estes silicatos sao constituidas por cadeias de SiO3 ligando grupos tetrahedricos de SiO4. A formula quimica geral das piroxenas e M2M1T2O6, onde M2 se refere a catioes geralmente em uma coordenacao octaedrica distorcida (Mg2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Li+, Ca2+, Na+), M1 refere-se a catioes numa coordenacao octaedrica regular (Al3+, Fe3+, Ti4+, Cr3+, V3+, Ti3+, Zr4+, Sc3+, Zn2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Mn2+), e T a catioes em coordenacao tetrahedrica (Si4+, Al3+, Fe3+). As piroxenas com estrutura monoclinica sao designadas de clinopiroxenes. A estabilidade das clinopyroxenes num espectro de composicoes quimicas amplo, em conjugacao com a possibilidade de ajustar as suas propriedades fisicas e quimicas e a durabilidade quimica, tem gerado um interesse mundial devido a suas aplicacoes em ciencia e tecnologia de materiais. Este trabalho trata do desenvolvimento de vidros e de vitro-cerâmicos baseadas de clinopiroxenas para aplicacoes funcionais. O estudo teve objectivos cientificos e tecnologicos; nomeadamente, adquirir conhecimentos fundamentais sobre a formacao de fases cristalinas e solucoes solidas em determinados sistemas vitro-cerâmicos, e avaliar a viabilidade de aplicacao dos novos materiais em diferentes areas tecnologicas, com especial enfase sobre a selagem em celulas de combustivel de oxido solido (SOFC). Com este intuito, prepararam-se varios vidros e materiais vitro-cerâmicos ao longo das juntas Enstatite (MgSiO3) - diopsidio (CaMgSi2O6) e diopsidio (CaMgSi2O6) - Ca - Tschermak (CaAlSi2O6), os quais foram caracterizados atraves de um vasto leque de tecnicas. Todos os vidros foram preparados por fusao-arrefecimento enquanto os vitro-cerâmicos foram obtidos quer por sinterizacao e cristalizacao de fritas, quer por nucleacao e cristalizacao de vidros monoliticos. Estudaram-se ainda os efeitos de varias substituicoes ionicas em composicoes de

Single Point Incremental Forming and Multi-Stage Incremental Forming on Aluminium Alloy 1050

Science.gov (United States)

Suriyaprakan, Premika

As piroxenas sao um vasto grupo de silicatos minerais encontrados em muitas rochas igneas e metamorficas. Na sua forma mais simples, estes silicatos sao constituidas por cadeias de SiO3 ligando grupos tetrahedricos de SiO4. A formula quimica geral das piroxenas e M2M1T2O6, onde M2 se refere a catioes geralmente em uma coordenacao octaedrica distorcida (Mg2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Li+, Ca2+, Na+), M1 refere-se a catioes numa coordenacao octaedrica regular (Al3+, Fe3+, Ti4+, Cr3+, V3+, Ti3+, Zr4+, Sc3+, Zn2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Mn2+), e T a catioes em coordenacao tetrahedrica (Si4+, Al3+, Fe3+). As piroxenas com estrutura monoclinica sao designadas de clinopiroxenes. A estabilidade das clinopyroxenes num espectro de composicoes quimicas amplo, em conjugacao com a possibilidade de ajustar as suas propriedades fisicas e quimicas e a durabilidade quimica, tem gerado um interesse mundial devido a suas aplicacoes em ciencia e tecnologia de materiais. Este trabalho trata do desenvolvimento de vidros e de vitro-cerâmicos baseadas de clinopiroxenas para aplicacoes funcionais. O estudo teve objectivos cientificos e tecnologicos; nomeadamente, adquirir conhecimentos fundamentais sobre a formacao de fases cristalinas e solucoes solidas em determinados sistemas vitro-cerâmicos, e avaliar a viabilidade de aplicacao dos novos materiais em diferentes areas tecnologicas, com especial enfase sobre a selagem em celulas de combustivel de oxido solido (SOFC). Com este intuito, prepararam-se varios vidros e materiais vitro-cerâmicos ao longo das juntas Enstatite (MgSiO3) - diopsidio (CaMgSi2O6) e diopsidio (CaMgSi2O6) - Ca - Tschermak (CaAlSi2O6), os quais foram caracterizados atraves de um vasto leque de tecnicas. Todos os vidros foram preparados por fusao-arrefecimento enquanto os vitro-cerâmicos foram obtidos quer por sinterizacao e cristalizacao de fritas, quer por nucleacao e cristalizacao de vidros monoliticos. Estudaram-se ainda os efeitos de varias substituicoes ionicas em composicoes de

Albumin and fibronectin adsorption and osteoblast adhesion on titanium oxides

Science.gov (United States)

Freitas, Susana Maria Ribeiro e. Sousa Mendes de

As piroxenas sao um vasto grupo de silicatos minerais encontrados em muitas rochas igneas e metamorficas. Na sua forma mais simples, estes silicatos sao constituidas por cadeias de SiO3 ligando grupos tetrahedricos de SiO4. A formula quimica geral das piroxenas e M2M1T2O6, onde M2 se refere a catioes geralmente em uma coordenacao octaedrica distorcida (Mg2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Li+, Ca2+, Na+), M1 refere-se a catioes numa coordenacao octaedrica regular (Al3+, Fe3+, Ti4+, Cr3+, V3+, Ti3+, Zr4+, Sc3+, Zn2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Mn2+), e T a catioes em coordenacao tetrahedrica (Si4+, Al3+, Fe3+). As piroxenas com estrutura monoclinica sao designadas de clinopiroxenes. A estabilidade das clinopyroxenes num espectro de composicoes quimicas amplo, em conjugacao com a possibilidade de ajustar as suas propriedades fisicas e quimicas e a durabilidade quimica, tem gerado um interesse mundial devido a suas aplicacoes em ciencia e tecnologia de materiais. Este trabalho trata do desenvolvimento de vidros e de vitro-cerâmicos baseadas de clinopiroxenas para aplicacoes funcionais. O estudo teve objectivos cientificos e tecnologicos; nomeadamente, adquirir conhecimentos fundamentais sobre a formacao de fases cristalinas e solucoes solidas em determinados sistemas vitro-cerâmicos, e avaliar a viabilidade de aplicacao dos novos materiais em diferentes areas tecnologicas, com especial enfase sobre a selagem em celulas de combustivel de oxido solido (SOFC). Com este intuito, prepararam-se varios vidros e materiais vitro-cerâmicos ao longo das juntas Enstatite (MgSiO3) - diopsidio (CaMgSi2O6) e diopsidio (CaMgSi2O6) - Ca - Tschermak (CaAlSi2O6), os quais foram caracterizados atraves de um vasto leque de tecnicas. Todos os vidros foram preparados por fusao-arrefecimento enquanto os vitro-cerâmicos foram obtidos quer por sinterizacao e cristalizacao de fritas, quer por nucleacao e cristalizacao de vidros monoliticos. Estudaram-se ainda os efeitos de varias substituicoes ionicas em composicoes de

Stellar activity in high-precision photometric and spectroscopic transit observations

Science.gov (United States)

Oshagh, Mahmoudreza

As piroxenas sao um vasto grupo de silicatos minerais encontrados em muitas rochas igneas e metamorficas. Na sua forma mais simples, estes silicatos sao constituidas por cadeias de SiO3 ligando grupos tetrahedricos de SiO4. A formula quimica geral das piroxenas e M2M1T2O6, onde M2 se refere a catioes geralmente em uma coordenacao octaedrica distorcida (Mg2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Li+, Ca2+, Na+), M1 refere-se a catioes numa coordenacao octaedrica regular (Al3+, Fe3+, Ti4+, Cr3+, V3+, Ti3+, Zr4+, Sc3+, Zn2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Mn2+), e T a catioes em coordenacao tetrahedrica (Si4+, Al3+, Fe3+). As piroxenas com estrutura monoclinica sao designadas de clinopiroxenes. A estabilidade das clinopyroxenes num espectro de composicoes quimicas amplo, em conjugacao com a possibilidade de ajustar as suas propriedades fisicas e quimicas e a durabilidade quimica, tem gerado um interesse mundial devido a suas aplicacoes em ciencia e tecnologia de materiais. Este trabalho trata do desenvolvimento de vidros e de vitro-cerâmicos baseadas de clinopiroxenas para aplicacoes funcionais. O estudo teve objectivos cientificos e tecnologicos; nomeadamente, adquirir conhecimentos fundamentais sobre a formacao de fases cristalinas e solucoes solidas em determinados sistemas vitro-cerâmicos, e avaliar a viabilidade de aplicacao dos novos materiais em diferentes areas tecnologicas, com especial enfase sobre a selagem em celulas de combustivel de oxido solido (SOFC). Com este intuito, prepararam-se varios vidros e materiais vitro-cerâmicos ao longo das juntas Enstatite (MgSiO3) - diopsidio (CaMgSi2O6) e diopsidio (CaMgSi2O6) - Ca - Tschermak (CaAlSi2O6), os quais foram caracterizados atraves de um vasto leque de tecnicas. Todos os vidros foram preparados por fusao-arrefecimento enquanto os vitro-cerâmicos foram obtidos quer por sinterizacao e cristalizacao de fritas, quer por nucleacao e cristalizacao de vidros monoliticos. Estudaram-se ainda os efeitos de varias substituicoes ionicas em composicoes de

Reciprocal interaction between human microvascular endothelial cells and mesenchymal stem cells on macroporous granules of nanostructured-hydroxyapatite agglomerates

Science.gov (United States)

Laranjeira, Marta de Sousa

As piroxenas sao um vasto grupo de silicatos minerais encontrados em muitas rochas igneas e metamorficas. Na sua forma mais simples, estes silicatos sao constituidas por cadeias de SiO3 ligando grupos tetrahedricos de SiO4. A formula quimica geral das piroxenas e M2M1T2O6, onde M2 se refere a catioes geralmente em uma coordenacao octaedrica distorcida (Mg2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Li+, Ca2+, Na+), M1 refere-se a catioes numa coordenacao octaedrica regular (Al3+, Fe3+, Ti4+, Cr3+, V3+, Ti3+, Zr4+, Sc3+, Zn2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Mn2+), e T a catioes em coordenacao tetrahedrica (Si4+, Al3+, Fe3+). As piroxenas com estrutura monoclinica sao designadas de clinopiroxenes. A estabilidade das clinopyroxenes num espectro de composicoes quimicas amplo, em conjugacao com a possibilidade de ajustar as suas propriedades fisicas e quimicas e a durabilidade quimica, tem gerado um interesse mundial devido a suas aplicacoes em ciencia e tecnologia de materiais. Este trabalho trata do desenvolvimento de vidros e de vitro-cerâmicos baseadas de clinopiroxenas para aplicacoes funcionais. O estudo teve objectivos cientificos e tecnologicos; nomeadamente, adquirir conhecimentos fundamentais sobre a formacao de fases cristalinas e solucoes solidas em determinados sistemas vitro-cerâmicos, e avaliar a viabilidade de aplicacao dos novos materiais em diferentes areas tecnologicas, com especial enfase sobre a selagem em celulas de combustivel de oxido solido (SOFC). Com este intuito, prepararam-se varios vidros e materiais vitro-cerâmicos ao longo das juntas Enstatite (MgSiO3) - diopsidio (CaMgSi2O6) e diopsidio (CaMgSi2O6) - Ca - Tschermak (CaAlSi2O6), os quais foram caracterizados atraves de um vasto leque de tecnicas. Todos os vidros foram preparados por fusao-arrefecimento enquanto os vitro-cerâmicos foram obtidos quer por sinterizacao e cristalizacao de fritas, quer por nucleacao e cristalizacao de vidros monoliticos. Estudaram-se ainda os efeitos de varias substituicoes ionicas em composicoes de

Impact evaluation of the large scale integration of electric vehicles in the security of supply

Science.gov (United States)

Bremermann, Leonardo Elizeire

As piroxenas sao um vasto grupo de silicatos minerais encontrados em muitas rochas igneas e metamorficas. Na sua forma mais simples, estes silicatos sao constituidas por cadeias de SiO3 ligando grupos tetrahedricos de SiO4. A formula quimica geral das piroxenas e M2M1T2O6, onde M2 se refere a catioes geralmente em uma coordenacao octaedrica distorcida (Mg2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Li+, Ca2+, Na+), M1 refere-se a catioes numa coordenacao octaedrica regular (Al3+, Fe3+, Ti4+, Cr3+, V3+, Ti3+, Zr4+, Sc3+, Zn2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Mn2+), e T a catioes em coordenacao tetrahedrica (Si4+, Al3+, Fe3+). As piroxenas com estrutura monoclinica sao designadas de clinopiroxenes. A estabilidade das clinopyroxenes num espectro de composicoes quimicas amplo, em conjugacao com a possibilidade de ajustar as suas propriedades fisicas e quimicas e a durabilidade quimica, tem gerado um interesse mundial devido a suas aplicacoes em ciencia e tecnologia de materiais. Este trabalho trata do desenvolvimento de vidros e de vitro-cerâmicos baseadas de clinopiroxenas para aplicacoes funcionais. O estudo teve objectivos cientificos e tecnologicos; nomeadamente, adquirir conhecimentos fundamentais sobre a formacao de fases cristalinas e solucoes solidas em determinados sistemas vitro-cerâmicos, e avaliar a viabilidade de aplicacao dos novos materiais em diferentes areas tecnologicas, com especial enfase sobre a selagem em celulas de combustivel de oxido solido (SOFC). Com este intuito, prepararam-se varios vidros e materiais vitro-cerâmicos ao longo das juntas Enstatite (MgSiO3) - diopsidio (CaMgSi2O6) e diopsidio (CaMgSi2O6) - Ca - Tschermak (CaAlSi2O6), os quais foram caracterizados atraves de um vasto leque de tecnicas. Todos os vidros foram preparados por fusao-arrefecimento enquanto os vitro-cerâmicos foram obtidos quer por sinterizacao e cristalizacao de fritas, quer por nucleacao e cristalizacao de vidros monoliticos. Estudaram-se ainda os efeitos de varias substituicoes ionicas em composicoes de

Starch and polyethylene based bone-analogue composite biomaterials

Science.gov (United States)

Reis, Rui Luis Goncalves dos

As piroxenas sao um vasto grupo de silicatos minerais encontrados em muitas rochas igneas e metamorficas. Na sua forma mais simples, estes silicatos sao constituidas por cadeias de SiO3 ligando grupos tetrahedricos de SiO4. A formula quimica geral das piroxenas e M2M1T2O6, onde M2 se refere a catioes geralmente em uma coordenacao octaedrica distorcida (Mg2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Li+, Ca2+, Na+), M1 refere-se a catioes numa coordenacao octaedrica regular (Al3+, Fe3+, Ti4+, Cr3+, V3+, Ti3+, Zr4+, Sc3+, Zn2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Mn2+), e T a catioes em coordenacao tetrahedrica (Si4+, Al3+, Fe3+). As piroxenas com estrutura monoclinica sao designadas de clinopiroxenes. A estabilidade das clinopyroxenes num espectro de composicoes quimicas amplo, em conjugacao com a possibilidade de ajustar as suas propriedades fisicas e quimicas e a durabilidade quimica, tem gerado um interesse mundial devido a suas aplicacoes em ciencia e tecnologia de materiais. Este trabalho trata do desenvolvimento de vidros e de vitro-cerâmicos baseadas de clinopiroxenas para aplicacoes funcionais. O estudo teve objectivos cientificos e tecnologicos; nomeadamente, adquirir conhecimentos fundamentais sobre a formacao de fases cristalinas e solucoes solidas em determinados sistemas vitro-cerâmicos, e avaliar a viabilidade de aplicacao dos novos materiais em diferentes areas tecnologicas, com especial enfase sobre a selagem em celulas de combustivel de oxido solido (SOFC). Com este intuito, prepararam-se varios vidros e materiais vitro-cerâmicos ao longo das juntas Enstatite (MgSiO3) - diopsidio (CaMgSi2O6) e diopsidio (CaMgSi2O6) - Ca - Tschermak (CaAlSi2O6), os quais foram caracterizados atraves de um vasto leque de tecnicas. Todos os vidros foram preparados por fusao-arrefecimento enquanto os vitro-cerâmicos foram obtidos quer por sinterizacao e cristalizacao de fritas, quer por nucleacao e cristalizacao de vidros monoliticos. Estudaram-se ainda os efeitos de varias substituicoes ionicas em composicoes de

Magnetism at the nanoscale: Nanoparticles, nanowires, nanotubes and their ordered arrays

Science.gov (United States)

Proenca, Mariana Jesus Paiva

As piroxenas sao um vasto grupo de silicatos minerais encontrados em muitas rochas igneas e metamorficas. Na sua forma mais simples, estes silicatos sao constituidas por cadeias de SiO3 ligando grupos tetrahedricos de SiO4. A formula quimica geral das piroxenas e M2M1T2O6, onde M2 se refere a catioes geralmente em uma coordenacao octaedrica distorcida (Mg2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Li+, Ca2+, Na+), M1 refere-se a catioes numa coordenacao octaedrica regular (Al3+, Fe3+, Ti4+, Cr3+, V3+, Ti3+, Zr4+, Sc3+, Zn2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Mn2+), e T a catioes em coordenacao tetrahedrica (Si4+, Al3+, Fe3+). As piroxenas com estrutura monoclinica sao designadas de clinopiroxenes. A estabilidade das clinopyroxenes num espectro de composicoes quimicas amplo, em conjugacao com a possibilidade de ajustar as suas propriedades fisicas e quimicas e a durabilidade quimica, tem gerado um interesse mundial devido a suas aplicacoes em ciencia e tecnologia de materiais. Este trabalho trata do desenvolvimento de vidros e de vitro-cerâmicos baseadas de clinopiroxenas para aplicacoes funcionais. O estudo teve objectivos cientificos e tecnologicos; nomeadamente, adquirir conhecimentos fundamentais sobre a formacao de fases cristalinas e solucoes solidas em determinados sistemas vitro-cerâmicos, e avaliar a viabilidade de aplicacao dos novos materiais em diferentes areas tecnologicas, com especial enfase sobre a selagem em celulas de combustivel de oxido solido (SOFC). Com este intuito, prepararam-se varios vidros e materiais vitro-cerâmicos ao longo das juntas Enstatite (MgSiO3) - diopsidio (CaMgSi2O6) e diopsidio (CaMgSi2O6) - Ca - Tschermak (CaAlSi2O6), os quais foram caracterizados atraves de um vasto leque de tecnicas. Todos os vidros foram preparados por fusao-arrefecimento enquanto os vitro-cerâmicos foram obtidos quer por sinterizacao e cristalizacao de fritas, quer por nucleacao e cristalizacao de vidros monoliticos. Estudaram-se ainda os efeitos de varias substituicoes ionicas em composicoes de

Birefringence and Bragg grating control in femtosecond laser written optical circuits

Science.gov (United States)

Fernandes, Luis A.

As piroxenas sao um vasto grupo de silicatos minerais encontrados em muitas rochas igneas e metamorficas. Na sua forma mais simples, estes silicatos sao constituidas por cadeias de SiO3 ligando grupos tetrahedricos de SiO4. A formula quimica geral das piroxenas e M2M1T2O6, onde M2 se refere a catioes geralmente em uma coordenacao octaedrica distorcida (Mg2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Li+, Ca2+, Na+), M1 refere-se a catioes numa coordenacao octaedrica regular (Al3+, Fe3+, Ti4+, Cr3+, V3+, Ti3+, Zr4+, Sc3+, Zn2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Mn2+), e T a catioes em coordenacao tetrahedrica (Si4+, Al3+, Fe3+). As piroxenas com estrutura monoclinica sao designadas de clinopiroxenes. A estabilidade das clinopyroxenes num espectro de composicoes quimicas amplo, em conjugacao com a possibilidade de ajustar as suas propriedades fisicas e quimicas e a durabilidade quimica, tem gerado um interesse mundial devido a suas aplicacoes em ciencia e tecnologia de materiais. Este trabalho trata do desenvolvimento de vidros e de vitro-cerâmicos baseadas de clinopiroxenas para aplicacoes funcionais. O estudo teve objectivos cientificos e tecnologicos; nomeadamente, adquirir conhecimentos fundamentais sobre a formacao de fases cristalinas e solucoes solidas em determinados sistemas vitro-cerâmicos, e avaliar a viabilidade de aplicacao dos novos materiais em diferentes areas tecnologicas, com especial enfase sobre a selagem em celulas de combustivel de oxido solido (SOFC). Com este intuito, prepararam-se varios vidros e materiais vitro-cerâmicos ao longo das juntas Enstatite (MgSiO3) - diopsidio (CaMgSi2O6) e diopsidio (CaMgSi2O6) - Ca - Tschermak (CaAlSi2O6), os quais foram caracterizados atraves de um vasto leque de tecnicas. Todos os vidros foram preparados por fusao-arrefecimento enquanto os vitro-cerâmicos foram obtidos quer por sinterizacao e cristalizacao de fritas, quer por nucleacao e cristalizacao de vidros monoliticos. Estudaram-se ainda os efeitos de varias substituicoes ionicas em composicoes de

Improving the characteristics of foundry alloys AlSiCuMg during manufacturing

Science.gov (United States)

Fragoso, Bruno Filipe Marques

As piroxenas sao um vasto grupo de silicatos minerais encontrados em muitas rochas igneas e metamorficas. Na sua forma mais simples, estes silicatos sao constituidas por cadeias de SiO3 ligando grupos tetrahedricos de SiO4. A formula quimica geral das piroxenas e M2M1T2O6, onde M2 se refere a catioes geralmente em uma coordenacao octaedrica distorcida (Mg2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Li+, Ca2+, Na+), M1 refere-se a catioes numa coordenacao octaedrica regular (Al3+, Fe3+, Ti4+, Cr3+, V3+, Ti3+, Zr4+, Sc3+, Zn2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Mn2+), e T a catioes em coordenacao tetrahedrica (Si4+, Al3+, Fe3+). As piroxenas com estrutura monoclinica sao designadas de clinopiroxenes. A estabilidade das clinopyroxenes num espectro de composicoes quimicas amplo, em conjugacao com a possibilidade de ajustar as suas propriedades fisicas e quimicas e a durabilidade quimica, tem gerado um interesse mundial devido a suas aplicacoes em ciencia e tecnologia de materiais. Este trabalho trata do desenvolvimento de vidros e de vitro-cerâmicos baseadas de clinopiroxenas para aplicacoes funcionais. O estudo teve objectivos cientificos e tecnologicos; nomeadamente, adquirir conhecimentos fundamentais sobre a formacao de fases cristalinas e solucoes solidas em determinados sistemas vitro-cerâmicos, e avaliar a viabilidade de aplicacao dos novos materiais em diferentes areas tecnologicas, com especial enfase sobre a selagem em celulas de combustivel de oxido solido (SOFC). Com este intuito, prepararam-se varios vidros e materiais vitro-cerâmicos ao longo das juntas Enstatite (MgSiO3) - diopsidio (CaMgSi2O6) e diopsidio (CaMgSi2O6) - Ca - Tschermak (CaAlSi2O6), os quais foram caracterizados atraves de um vasto leque de tecnicas. Todos os vidros foram preparados por fusao-arrefecimento enquanto os vitro-cerâmicos foram obtidos quer por sinterizacao e cristalizacao de fritas, quer por nucleacao e cristalizacao de vidros monoliticos. Estudaram-se ainda os efeitos de varias substituicoes ionicas em composicoes de

Seismic assessment of reinforced concrete frame structures with a new flexibility based element

Science.gov (United States)

Arede, Antonio Jose Coelho Dias

As piroxenas sao um vasto grupo de silicatos minerais encontrados em muitas rochas igneas e metamorficas. Na sua forma mais simples, estes silicatos sao constituidas por cadeias de SiO3 ligando grupos tetrahedricos de SiO4. A formula quimica geral das piroxenas e M2M1T2O6, onde M2 se refere a catioes geralmente em uma coordenacao octaedrica distorcida (Mg2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Li+, Ca2+, Na+), M1 refere-se a catioes numa coordenacao octaedrica regular (Al3+, Fe3+, Ti4+, Cr3+, V3+, Ti3+, Zr4+, Sc3+, Zn2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Mn2+), e T a catioes em coordenacao tetrahedrica (Si4+, Al3+, Fe3+). As piroxenas com estrutura monoclinica sao designadas de clinopiroxenes. A estabilidade das clinopyroxenes num espectro de composicoes quimicas amplo, em conjugacao com a possibilidade de ajustar as suas propriedades fisicas e quimicas e a durabilidade quimica, tem gerado um interesse mundial devido a suas aplicacoes em ciencia e tecnologia de materiais. Este trabalho trata do desenvolvimento de vidros e de vitro-cerâmicos baseadas de clinopiroxenas para aplicacoes funcionais. O estudo teve objectivos cientificos e tecnologicos; nomeadamente, adquirir conhecimentos fundamentais sobre a formacao de fases cristalinas e solucoes solidas em determinados sistemas vitro-cerâmicos, e avaliar a viabilidade de aplicacao dos novos materiais em diferentes areas tecnologicas, com especial enfase sobre a selagem em celulas de combustivel de oxido solido (SOFC). Com este intuito, prepararam-se varios vidros e materiais vitro-cerâmicos ao longo das juntas Enstatite (MgSiO3) - diopsidio (CaMgSi2O6) e diopsidio (CaMgSi2O6) - Ca - Tschermak (CaAlSi2O6), os quais foram caracterizados atraves de um vasto leque de tecnicas. Todos os vidros foram preparados por fusao-arrefecimento enquanto os vitro-cerâmicos foram obtidos quer por sinterizacao e cristalizacao de fritas, quer por nucleacao e cristalizacao de vidros monoliticos. Estudaram-se ainda os efeitos de varias substituicoes ionicas em composicoes de

Biological effects of polyacrylic acid-coated and non-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in in vitro and in vivo experimental models

Science.gov (United States)

Couto, Diana Manuel Mocho de Bastos

As piroxenas sao um vasto grupo de silicatos minerais encontrados em muitas rochas igneas e metamorficas. Na sua forma mais simples, estes silicatos sao constituidas por cadeias de SiO3 ligando grupos tetrahedricos de SiO4. A formula quimica geral das piroxenas e M2M1T2O6, onde M2 se refere a catioes geralmente em uma coordenacao octaedrica distorcida (Mg2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Li+, Ca2+, Na+), M1 refere-se a catioes numa coordenacao octaedrica regular (Al3+, Fe3+, Ti4+, Cr3+, V3+, Ti3+, Zr4+, Sc3+, Zn2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Mn2+), e T a catioes em coordenacao tetrahedrica (Si4+, Al3+, Fe3+). As piroxenas com estrutura monoclinica sao designadas de clinopiroxenes. A estabilidade das clinopyroxenes num espectro de composicoes quimicas amplo, em conjugacao com a possibilidade de ajustar as suas propriedades fisicas e quimicas e a durabilidade quimica, tem gerado um interesse mundial devido a suas aplicacoes em ciencia e tecnologia de materiais. Este trabalho trata do desenvolvimento de vidros e de vitro-cerâmicos baseadas de clinopiroxenas para aplicacoes funcionais. O estudo teve objectivos cientificos e tecnologicos; nomeadamente, adquirir conhecimentos fundamentais sobre a formacao de fases cristalinas e solucoes solidas em determinados sistemas vitro-cerâmicos, e avaliar a viabilidade de aplicacao dos novos materiais em diferentes areas tecnologicas, com especial enfase sobre a selagem em celulas de combustivel de oxido solido (SOFC). Com este intuito, prepararam-se varios vidros e materiais vitro-cerâmicos ao longo das juntas Enstatite (MgSiO3) - diopsidio (CaMgSi2O6) e diopsidio (CaMgSi2O6) - Ca - Tschermak (CaAlSi2O6), os quais foram caracterizados atraves de um vasto leque de tecnicas. Todos os vidros foram preparados por fusao-arrefecimento enquanto os vitro-cerâmicos foram obtidos quer por sinterizacao e cristalizacao de fritas, quer por nucleacao e cristalizacao de vidros monoliticos. Estudaram-se ainda os efeitos de varias substituicoes ionicas em composicoes de

Technical performance of the Villas Carrousel PV-Wind hybrid systems

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Agredano, J.; Munguia, G.; Flores, J. R. [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca (Mexico)

1997-12-31

la energia producida se usa mediante lamparas fluorescentes de alta eficiencia de 12V, 13W. Los sistemas se disenaron para producir de 140 a 180 Ampere-horas por dia. Durante el primer mes de operacion se presentaron algunos problemas con la medicion del voltaje de las baterias. Este parametro era anteriormente medido en la barra colectora de CD del tablero de control. Alli se detectaron algunos problemas de corrosion. Este problema dio como resultado que los bancos de baterias no se cargaran completamente, y en varios casos se observo operacion anormal de los aerogeneradores. En general, los sistemas producen la energia demandada por la carga. Esta primera experiencia esta ayudando a promover la tecnologia Mini Hibrida para otras aplicaciones. Este articulo presenta alguno de los resultados del monitoreo del sistema durante el primer ano de operacion, lo que da una idea general del rendimiento del sistema.

Citrus asymmetric somatic hybrids produced via fusion of gamma-irradiated and iodoacetamide-treated protoplasts Híbridos somáticos assimétricos de citros produzidos pela fusão de protoplastos irradiados e tratados com iodoacetamida

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Claudine Maria de Bona

2009-05-01

. Protoplastos doadores foram expostos a raios gama e protoplastos receptores foram tratados com 3 mmol L-1 de iodoacetamida (IOA e fusionados para hibridação assimétrica. Embriões assimétricos foram germinados e as brotações produzidas foram enxertadas sobre porta-enxertos de sementes de 'Laranja azeda', 'Limão rugoso' ou citrumelo 'Swingle' (C. paradisi x Poncirus trifoliata x 'Sunki' ou enraizadas após embebição em solução de ácido indol-3-butírico (IBA e aclimatadas em casa de vegetação. A análise de ploidia foi realizada por meio de citometria de fluxo e a hibridicidade foi confirmada por análise de polimorfismo de comprimento de fragmentos amplificados (AFLP de amostras de DNA das plântulas. A melhor combinação doador-recipiente foi de protoplastos de 'Ruby Red' irradiados com 80 Gy, fusionados com protoplastos de 'Succari' tratados por 20 min com IOA. Plantas tetraploides e aneuploides foram produzidas e o problema de recalcitrância ao enraizamento foi resolvido pela introdução das bases das brotações em 3.000 mg L-1 de IBA por 10 min.

Potencial de obtenção de novos porta-enxertos em cruzamentos envolvendo limoeiro 'Cravo', laranjeira 'Azeda', tangerineira 'Sunki' e híbridos de Poncirus Trifoliata Potential of obtaining new rootstocks in crosses among 'Rangpur' lime, 'Sour' orange, 'Sunki' mandarin and Poncirus Trifoliata

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Walter dos Santos Soares Filho

2008-03-01

Full Text Available O limoeiro 'Cravo' e a laranjeira 'Azeda' são importantes porta-enxertos de citros. Com o objetivo de explorar seu potencial genético, distintas seleções de limoeiro 'Cravo', empregadas como parentais femininos, foram cruzadas com seleções de laranjeira 'Azeda', tangerineira 'Sunki Maravilha' e híbridos de Poncirus trifoliata. Semelhantemente, seleções de 'Azeda' foram hibridadas com seleções de 'Cravo' e híbridos de P. trifoliata. Avaliaram-se a taxa de vingamento de frutos, a porcentagem de híbridos no conjunto total de indivíduos obtidos (zigóticos e nucelares, a altura e o diâmetro do caule destes, em torno dos 12 meses de idade. O cruzamento entre limoeiro 'Cravo', seleções comum e 'Santa Cruz', com tangerineira 'Sunki 'Maravilha' resultou nas maiores taxas de vingamento de frutos (média de 87,5% e maior percentual de híbridos (média de 64,0%, sendo estes relativamente vigorosos, segundo comparações com seedlings nucelares desse limoeiro. Quanto às hibridações envolvendo a laranjeira 'Azeda', mostraram-se promissoras 'Azeda Jacarandá' x (tangerineira 'Cleópatra' x P. trifoliata seleção 'Swingle 245', pela relativamente elevada taxa de vingamento de frutos (50%, boa porcentagem de híbridos (32,3% e possibilidade de obtenção de híbridos vigorosos, e laranjeira 'Azeda' comum x limoeiro 'Cravo' seleções comum e 'Santa Cruz', pela possibilidade de obtenção de híbridos vigorosos e em quantidades relativamente altas, em torno de 40% de plantas híbridas.'Rangpur' lime and 'Sour' orange are important citrus rootstocks. Aiming to explore their genetic potential, several 'Rangpur' lime selections, as female parents, were crossed with 'Sour' orange selections, 'Sunki Maravilha' mandarin and Poncirus trifoliata hybrids. In the same way, 'Sour' orange selections were crossed with 'Rangpur' lime selections and P. trifoliata hybrids. Parameters evaluated were: fruit set, percentage of hybrids out of the total number

Divergência genética entre progênies de maracujazeiro- amarelo com base em características das plântulas Genetic divergence among yellow passion fruit progenies based on seed traits

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Jacson Rondinelli da Silva Negreiros

2008-03-01

Full Text Available O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a diversidade genética entre 24 populações de maracujazeiro-amarelo, discriminando os caracteres mais importantes na avaliação da divergência genética, com base em características das plântulas. Foram coletadas sementes de frutos obtidos a partir de polinização natural de vinte e quatro populações segregantes de meios-irmãos de maracujazeiro-amarelo. Utilizou-se delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em vinte e quatro tratamentos (populações segregantes, com quatro repetições, considerando-se como unidade experimental cada grupo de 50 sementes. Aos 28 dias, avaliaram-se a porcentagem de germinação e o índice de velocidade de emergência (IVE. Aos 45 dias, avaliaram-se porcentagem de sobrevivência, altura das plântulas, comprimento de raiz, número de folhas e massa da matéria seca total das plântulas. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância, e as médias foram agrupadas pelo método de Scott & Knott. A diversidade genética foi estudada de acordo com o método de agrupamento de Tocher, baseado na distância de Mahalanobis (D² e variáveis canônicas. As características que mais contribuíram para a divergência genética foram porcentagem de germinação, número de folhas e IVE. A população 20 pode ser recomendada para hibridação com as outras populações devido à sua alta divergência e também altas taxas de germinação e vigor de sementes.The genetic diversity was studied among passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa progenies, discriminating the characters most important of seed traits for genetic divergence evaluation. Seeds were extracted of fruits gotten by natural pollination of twenty four half-sib segregant populations. The experiment was outlined as an entirely randomized design with twenty four treatments (segregant populations, four replications and 50 seeds per experimental unit. The germination percentage and the

Energy analysis of a solar advanced refrigeration system; Analisis energetico de un sistema de refrigeracion solar avanzado

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Velazquez Limon, Nicolas [Universidad Autonoma de Baja California (Mexico); Best y Brown, Roberto [Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Temixco, Morelos (Mexico)

2000-07-01

In this article is presented a solar refrigeration system that integrates the more recent and important technological advances of the training solar systems (SCS) and of the advanced absorption units. An analysis and evaluation is made of the energy behavior of the absorption system with heat exchanger absorber-generator (GAX), air cooled and assisted by a hybrid power plant natural gas-solar. Given the characteristic of high not-linearity of the resulting system of occupations, the proposed methodology contemplates a calculation sequence for the external currents and an iterative procedure for the internal currents. The unit was designed with a capacity of 10.6 kw (3 tons.) of cooling and uses ammonia-water as working fluid. Giving priority to internal energy integration, an arrangement of the GAX cycle is proposed, that allows 19% of solar contribution at full load, being able to be greater at partial loads. In spite of using as cooling means air at 40 Celsius degrees with a relative humidity of 24%, a COP of 0.86 in the cooling mode was obtained and 1.86 in the heating mode, with an internal energy integration of 1013 kJ/min, 37% more of the energy that is supplied in the generator. The massic flow rates of the GAX cycle were compared with those of a basic cycle, resulting 73% and 62% lower for the circulation rate and for the flow rate, respectively. [Spanish] En este articulo se presenta un sistema de refrigeracion solar que integra los avances tecnologicos mas recientes e importantes de los sistemas de capacitacion solar (SCS) y de las unidades de absorcion avanzadas. Se realiza un analisis y evaluacion del comportamiento energetico del sistema de absorcion con intercambio de calor absorbedor-generador (GAX), enfriado por aire y asistido por una fuente de energia hibrida gas natural-solar. Dada la caracteristica de alta no-linealidad del sistema de ocupaciones resultante, la metodologia propuesta contempla una secuencia de calculo para las corrientes externas

Eficiência reprodutiva no amendoim cultivado (Arachis hypogaea L. Reproductive efficiency in the peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cândida H. T. Mendes Conagin

1960-01-01

Full Text Available Cinco variedades de amendoim, abrangendo os três tipos vegetativos conhecidos, foram comparadas quanto à sua eficiência reprodutiva. Para conhecer o resultado final de porcentagem de frutos e sementes, foram estudadas a quantidade de flôres, a duração e as oscilações do florescimento; a formação de frutos e sementes também foi estudada com detalhes. Tendo variado o número de plantas observadas nos diversos itens, em diversos anos, tôdas as informações foram referidas a "uma planta" para poderem ser comparadas quando necessário. O período útil de florescimento dura as dez semanas medianas do ciclo vegetativo da planta, o máximo de flôres sendo atingido na 10.ª semana dêsse ciclo. Há, entretanto, a observar, que as variedades eretas são mais precoces do que as de porte decumbente; o florescimento apresenta bruscas oscilações diárias. É a variedade Tatuí a que produz mais flôres por planta, tendo, entretanto, a mais baixa eficiência reprodutiva. As outras variedades têm eficiência mais alta, mas, mesmo assim, ela é surpreendentemente baixa, em se tratando de uma planta de grande florescimento como é o amendoim. As informações obtidas nestes ensaios são fundamentais para qualquer trabalho de melhoramento por hibridação e já estão sendo utilizadas nos atuais cruzamentos, feitos pela Seção de Citologia.A study of the reproductive efficiency of five agronomical varieties of peanut was made. Determinations were made of fruit and seed percentages in relation to number of flowers procured, length of flowering period, alternation of high and low daily flower frequencies, and number of flowers which had no chance to become fruit?. Data obtained supported lhe following conclusions: (a Varieties of the erect vegetative type were early; they began and ended their vegetative am! flowering cycles before those of the decumbent type. (b The flowering curves showed an abrupt alternation of high and low frequencies. (c The

Modelado de Materiales Compuestos por Elementos Finitos usando Restricciones Cinemáticas Finite Element Modeling of Composite Materials using Kinematic Constraints

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Oscar E. Ruiz

2009-12-01

Full Text Available El propósito de este artículo es presentar simulaciones del comportamiento de materiales compuestos basado en restricciones cinemáticas entre las mismas fibras y entre las fibras y la resina circundante. En la revisión de literatura, los autores han encontrado que las restricciones cinemáticas no han sido plenamente explotadas para modelar materiales compuestos, probablemente debido a su alto costo computacional. El propósito de este articulo es exponer la implementación y resultados de tal modelo, usando Análisis por Elementos Finitos de restricciones geométricas prescritas a los nodos de la resina y las fibras. Las descripciones analíticas del comportamiento de materiales compuestos raramente aparecen. Muchas aproximaciones para describir materiales compuestos en capas son basadas en la teoría de funciones C1Z y C0 Z, tal como la Teoría Clásica de Capas (CLT. Estas teorías de funciones contienen significativas simplificaciones del material, especialmente para compuestos tejidos. Una aproximación hibrida para modelar materiales compuestos con Elementos Finitos (FEA fue desarrollada por Sidhu y Averill y adaptada por Li y Sherwood para materiales compuestos tejidos con polipropileno de vidrio.The purpose of this article is to present simulations of the behavior of composite materials based on kinematic restrictions among the fibers themselves and among fibers and the surrounding resine. In the literature review the authors have found that the kinematic restrictions have not been fully exploited for modeling composite materials, probably due to their high computational expense. The purpose of this article is to show the implementation and results of such a model, by using a Finite Element Analysis of geometric restrictions prescribed to the resine and fiber nodes. Closed analytic descriptions on behavior of layered composite materials are very rare. Many approaches to describe layered composite material are based on the theory of

As instituições de educação infantil contratadas de Esteio: uma parceria público-privada

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Pablo Rodrigo Bes Oliveira

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Os temas da infância e da sua educação institucionalizada constituem o foco desta dissertação. Inspirando-se no referencial teórico proporcionado pelo filósofo Michel Foucault, examinam-se as práticas discursivas que possibilitam o surgimento de uma nova categoria de instituição de Educação Infantil no município de Esteio: as escolas contratadas. Entendendo a temática do discurso, na perspectiva concebida pelo autor como algo carregado de saberes-poderes, capazes de constituir novasrealidades. Segundo Michel Foucault, um objeto discursivo não preexiste asi mesmo, retido por algum obstáculo aos primeiros contornos da luz, masexiste sob condições positivas de um feixe complexo de relações. Para equacionar essas relações, compuseram o corpus de investigação da pesquisa os documentos legais que instituem estas escolas, uma entrevista com a diretora de ensino do município e cinco entrevistas com diretoras de escolas contratadas, bem como um jornal e uma revista editadas pela Prefeitura Municipal de Esteio. A análise documental realizada possibilitou a identificação do assistencialismo, da moralização e da higienização como centrais a essa ação biopolítica que se exerce sobre as crianças em sua entrada no aparato formal da educação. As discursividades presentes no material analisado, que instituem essa parceria da Gestão Pública Municipal com as Escolas Privadas de Educação Infantil – típica de uma racionalidade neoliberal – nos fazem perceber como a escola privada se reconfigura e é atravessada pelos efeitos de poder desta prática de contratação. Assim, tais escolaspodem ser vistas como organizações híbridas por apresentarem características tanto da esfera privada quanto da pública. Ao que Néstor Garcia Canclini reforça quando afirma entender por hibridação processos socioculturais nos quais estruturasou práticas discretas, que existiam de forma separada, se combinampara gerar novas

Technical performance of the Villas Carrousel PV-Wind hybrid systems

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Agredano, J; Munguia, G; Flores, J R [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca (Mexico)

1998-12-31

la energia producida se usa mediante lamparas fluorescentes de alta eficiencia de 12V, 13W. Los sistemas se disenaron para producir de 140 a 180 Ampere-horas por dia. Durante el primer mes de operacion se presentaron algunos problemas con la medicion del voltaje de las baterias. Este parametro era anteriormente medido en la barra colectora de CD del tablero de control. Alli se detectaron algunos problemas de corrosion. Este problema dio como resultado que los bancos de baterias no se cargaran completamente, y en varios casos se observo operacion anormal de los aerogeneradores. En general, los sistemas producen la energia demandada por la carga. Esta primera experiencia esta ayudando a promover la tecnologia Mini Hibrida para otras aplicaciones. Este articulo presenta alguno de los resultados del monitoreo del sistema durante el primer ano de operacion, lo que da una idea general del rendimiento del sistema.

Union of {sup 99m} Tc-HYNIC-TOC at the somatostatin receptors in cells of pancreas cancer; Union del {sup 99m} Tc-HYNIC-TOC a los receptores de somatostatina en celulas de cancer de pancreas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rodriguez C, J. [Facultad de Medicina, UAEM, 50000 Toluca, Estado de Mexico (Mexico); Ramirez I, M.T. [INCMNSZ, Vasco de Quiroga Num. 15, Tlalpan, 14000 Mexico D.F. (Mexico); Ferro F, G.; Pedraza L, M. [ININ, 52045 Ocoyoacac, Estado de Mexico (Mexico)

2005-07-01

The radiation toxic effects have been used in therapy however much 50 years. The absorbed radiation dose can be determined at cellular level using cancerous cell cultures. If the deposited In vitro radiation dose coming from similar activities of several therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals it can compare it will be possible to choose the therapeutic radiopharmaceutical that it offers better dosimetric characteristics for the patient. The objective of this original investigation was to determine the union percentage of the octreotide {sup 99m}Tc-HYNlC-TOC to the somatostatin receivers in cells of cancer pancreas as well as the internalization, externalization and cellular viability. It was used the octapeptide, (octreotide, TOC) labelled with {sup 99m}Tc by means of the HYNIC chelating agent (6-hydrazine pyridine-3-carboxylic acid) and 3 cellular lines of murine pancreas cancer (AR42J), of cancer of human pancreas (CAPAN) and of one negative cellular line for somatostatin receivers (WRL-68). The {sup 99m}Tc-HYNIC-TOC was compared against two negative proofs for somatostatin receivers: the peptide {sup 99m}Tc-UBI and the {sup 99m}TcO{sub 4}. The cellular lines were conserved in the synthetic media Dulbecco-Eagle. After 2, 4 and 24 h of exhibition to the radiation, the cells are picked up and its are determined the viability by count in a Neubauer camera using tripan blue. In the same times it was calculated the union percentage of the radiopharmaceutical to the cells and the internalization (union to the cytoplasm) and the externalization (union to membrane receivers). With those figures it was calculated the absorbed radiation dose at cellular level. Results: At 4 hours the union percentage of the {sup 99m}Tc-HYNlC-TOC to the AR42-J cells was 6.83 times greater than for the WRL-68 control cells of human papilloma, (without receivers of the somatostatin) and for the CAPAN them 4 times greater than for the same cells used as negative control, for the case of the {sup 99m}Tc-UBI and the {sup 99m}TcO{sub 4} one doesn't observe a significant difference and the percentage of viability of the AR42-J cells due by the {sup 99m}Tc-HYNlC-TOC it was 20% smaller in comparison with {sup 99m}Tc-UBI and {sup 99m}TcO{sub 4}. The internalization percentage of the AR42-J cells was of 43.28 {+-}1.62 due to the somatostatin receivers that its enter together with the radiopharmaceutical at the interior of the cell and 56.72 {+-}3.25 are together to the cellular membrane. (Author)

Union of {sup 99m} Tc-HYNIC-TOC at the somatostatin receptors in cells of pancreas cancer; Union del {sup 99m} Tc-HYNIC-TOC a los receptores de somatostatina en celulas de cancer de pancreas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rodriguez C, J [Facultad de Medicina, UAEM, 50000 Toluca, Estado de Mexico (Mexico); Ramirez I, M T [INCMNSZ, Vasco de Quiroga Num. 15, Tlalpan, 14000 Mexico D.F. (Mexico); Ferro F, G; Pedraza L, M [ININ, 52045 Ocoyoacac, Estado de Mexico (Mexico)

2005-07-01

The radiation toxic effects have been used in therapy however much 50 years. The absorbed radiation dose can be determined at cellular level using cancerous cell cultures. If the deposited In vitro radiation dose coming from similar activities of several therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals it can compare it will be possible to choose the therapeutic radiopharmaceutical that it offers better dosimetric characteristics for the patient. The objective of this original investigation was to determine the union percentage of the octreotide {sup 99m}Tc-HYNlC-TOC to the somatostatin receivers in cells of cancer pancreas as well as the internalization, externalization and cellular viability. It was used the octapeptide, (octreotide, TOC) labelled with {sup 99m}Tc by means of the HYNIC chelating agent (6-hydrazine pyridine-3-carboxylic acid) and 3 cellular lines of murine pancreas cancer (AR42J), of cancer of human pancreas (CAPAN) and of one negative cellular line for somatostatin receivers (WRL-68). The {sup 99m}Tc-HYNIC-TOC was compared against two negative proofs for somatostatin receivers: the peptide {sup 99m}Tc-UBI and the {sup 99m}TcO{sub 4}. The cellular lines were conserved in the synthetic media Dulbecco-Eagle. After 2, 4 and 24 h of exhibition to the radiation, the cells are picked up and its are determined the viability by count in a Neubauer camera using tripan blue. In the same times it was calculated the union percentage of the radiopharmaceutical to the cells and the internalization (union to the cytoplasm) and the externalization (union to membrane receivers). With those figures it was calculated the absorbed radiation dose at cellular level. Results: At 4 hours the union percentage of the {sup 99m}Tc-HYNlC-TOC to the AR42-J cells was 6.83 times greater than for the WRL-68 control cells of human papilloma, (without receivers of the somatostatin) and for the CAPAN them 4 times greater than for the same cells used as negative control, for the case of the {sup 99m}Tc-UBI and the {sup 99m}TcO{sub 4} one doesn't observe a significant difference and the percentage of viability of the AR42-J cells due by the {sup 99m}Tc-HYNlC-TOC it was 20% smaller in comparison with {sup 99m}Tc-UBI and {sup 99m}TcO{sub 4}. The internalization percentage of the AR42-J cells was of 43.28 {+-}1.62 due to the somatostatin receivers that its enter together with the radiopharmaceutical at the interior of the cell and 56.72 {+-}3.25 are together to the cellular membrane. (Author)

Development of electrode-membrane-electrode assemblies for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) by Sieve printing; Desenvolvimento de conjuntos eletrodo-membrana-eletrodo para celulas a combustivel a membrana trocadora de protons (PEMFC) por impressao a tela

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Andrade, Alexandre Bodart de

2008-07-01

The Sieve Printing process was studied in this work to apply the catalyst layers onto electrolytes utilized in PEMFC. Initially, 25 cm{sup 2} active area MEAs were built for comparison with others MEAs produced by the Spray technique. The two methods produced MEAs that showed current densities higher than 600 mA.cm{sup -2} at 600 mV. A scaling up study for 144 cm{sup 2} of active area MEAs was carried out. For this purpose, a new cell had to be projected for shelter the MEAs in such dimensions. The profile of the gas distribution channels was developed through the computational fluid dynamic tool 'Comsol Multiphysics'. For the design of the bipolar plates of the cell the 'Auto CAD' was used. The 144 cm{sup 2} MEAs made by Spray and by Sieve Printing methods were confronted with commercials MEAs ones of equal dimensions. These commercials MEAs presented better performance at 600 mV, however they were more costly than the solution developed in this study. The new method was showed to be adequate to fabricate low cost MEAs of different geometries and to produce any amount of MEAs for small scale stacks (up to 10 kW). (author)

Synthesis of precursor the base of indene for polyelectrolyte an membrane production for application in fuel cell; Sintese de precursores a base de indeno para producao de polieletrolitos e membranas para uso em celula a combustivel

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brum, F.J.B.; Laux, F.N.; Haack, M.S.; Forte, M.M.C. [Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Escola de Engenharia, Porto Alegre, RS (Brazil)

2010-07-01

Monomers with vinyl bond can be polymerized via a cationic mechanism using acid catalysts. This study aimed to obtain homo and copolymers of styrene and indene via cationic mechanism and the functionalization of sulfonic groups to the production of membranes for fuel cells. Polymers and poly electrolytes were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC/SEC). The degree of sulfonation of the polymers was determined by titration and evaluated for these films to the degree of swelling in water, ion exchange capacity and analysis of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Membranes prepared with polyindene and PVA were tested in an apparatus of the fuel cell. (author)

Preparation, characterization and evaluation of electrocatalysts supported on functionalized carbon black for polymer exchange membrane fuel cell applications; Preparacao, caracterizacao e avaliacao de eletrocatalisadores suportados em carbono funcionalizado para aplicacao em celulas a combustivel tipo PEM

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Carmo, Marcelo do

2008-12-18

The fuel cell technology associated with the growing exigency of low environmental impact energy became prosperous in the world energy scenery. The fuel cell is basically a device that converts directly the chemical energy of a fuel into electrical and thermal energy with a continuous operation by the constant feed of a fuel. Especially, the carbon black Vulcan XC72 is usually employed as an electro catalyst support, and some factors as an accessible and high surface area in order to get maximum particles dispersion, pore size, adequate pore distribution and the presence of functional groups in the carbon black surface are considered fundamental characteristics for an innovative materials development. However, the Vulcan XC72 still reveals insufficient conditions for these purposes. This study consists in the preparation and in the physical chemical characterization of functionalized carbon black by hydrogen peroxide and by polymeric chains with proton conduction properties, and its posterior utilization as electro catalyst support for PEMFC and DMFC application. After the carbon functionalization, an improvement in the carbon black dispersion in water media was observed, a beneficial effect for electro catalyst preparation. It was also observed, that the functional groups and the polymeric chains worked as stabilizers in the particle growing, producing much more homogeneous electrocatalysts, exhibiting smaller average particle size. Especially, in the case of polymeric chains functionalization, a decrease in the ohmic drop was observed for this system, attributed to an improvement in the proton transference. (author)

Development of electrode-membrane-electrode assemblies for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) by Sieve printing; Desenvolvimento de conjuntos eletrodo-membrana-eletrodo para celulas a combustivel a membrana trocadora de protons (PEMFC) por impressao a tela

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Andrade, Alexandre Bodart de

2008-07-01

The Sieve Printing process was studied in this work to apply the catalyst layers onto electrolytes utilized in PEMFC. Initially, 25 cm{sup 2} active area MEAs were built for comparison with others MEAs produced by the Spray technique. The two methods produced MEAs that showed current densities higher than 600 mA.cm{sup -2} at 600 mV. A scaling up study for 144 cm{sup 2} of active area MEAs was carried out. For this purpose, a new cell had to be projected for shelter the MEAs in such dimensions. The profile of the gas distribution channels was developed through the computational fluid dynamic tool 'Comsol Multiphysics'. For the design of the bipolar plates of the cell the 'Auto CAD' was used. The 144 cm{sup 2} MEAs made by Spray and by Sieve Printing methods were confronted with commercials MEAs ones of equal dimensions. These commercials MEAs presented better performance at 600 mV, however they were more costly than the solution developed in this study. The new method was showed to be adequate to fabricate low cost MEAs of different geometries and to produce any amount of MEAs for small scale stacks (up to 10 kW). (author)

Environmental analysis of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell on the subject of life cycle assessment; Analise ambiental da celula a combustivel de membrana trocadora de protons sob o enfoque da avaliacao do ciclo de vida

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fukurozaki, Sandra Harumi

2006-07-01

The energy is the fuel of growth and an essential requirement for the socioeconomic development. However, the current production model is based on fossil fuels, considered as threat to man and nature. As for, the relating to the human activities and their effects on the environment, they are handled by the implementation of a more rigid model of environmental control and the mobilization of the society in favor of technologies with less energy impact. In view of this scenario, the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell - PEMFC has been recognized as a key for the vital need of a clean and efficient energy. Considering the conventional power generation system, their advantages during usage configure its application as an ideal option for several utilities, especially in the mobile sector. Even though, the focus on several environmental evaluations in energy systems is referred back to the initial stage of it use, the employment relating to production of the system and to final destination should be considered, since these also present impacts. In the case of PEMFC, their previous and subsequent phases of use are issues related to the platinum catalysts, which indicates an environmental importance that cannot be overlooked. In this sense, the Life Cycle Assessment has been used to understand and to question the risks and opportunities that are associated to certain product, starting from a systemic concept of their relationships with the environment. It is precisely in this context that the present research intends to present its major contribution, starting from an exploratory study towards the its objectives to provide an environmental analysis of such technology linked to post stage of powder-use of the membrane electrode assembly - MEA, concerning the platinum catalysts, on the subject of Life Cycle Assessment - LCA. To attain such aim, the relationships between energy, environment and development are presented and discussed, as well as, the Fuel Cell technology and the current studies on LCA of PEMFC. Several questions raised up on this issues have contributed in the development of a method of recuperating the PEMFC catalysts and, particularly, for its subsequent environmental evaluation. Among significant results are the importance of LCA, out lined as useful tool for perceiving the weight of environmental matters concerning the platinum and its subsidy strategies relating to the development, consolidation and to the innovation of PEMFC. (author)

Action of the chlorophyllin on the genetic damage induced by gamma radiation in germinal cells of Drosophila Melanogaster; Accion de la clorofilina sobre el dano genetico inducido por radiacion gamma en celulas germinales de Drosophila Melanogaster

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cruces, M.P.; Pimentel, A.E.; Moreno, A.; Moreno, R. [ININ, 52045 Ocoyoacac, Estado de Mexico (Mexico)

2003-07-01

The obtained results using somatic cells, they have evidenced that the chlorophyllin (CHLN) it can act inhibiting or increasing the damage caused by different mutagens. The objective of this investigation is to evaluate the effect of the CHLN on the damage induced by gamma radiation in germinal cells of Drosophila. Two tests were used, the lost of the X chromosome and the conventional test of lethal recessive bound to the sex (LRLS); both with a system of litters. The obtained results in both essays, indicated that the CHLN doesn't reduce the damage induced by the gamma radiation in none of the cellular monitored states. (Author)

Action of the chlorophyllin on the genetic damage induced by gamma radiation in germinal cells of Drosophila Melanogaster; Accion de la clorofilina sobre el dano genetico inducido por radiacion gamma en celulas germinales de Drosophila Melanogaster

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cruces, M P; Pimentel, A E; Moreno, A; Moreno, R [ININ, 52045 Ocoyoacac, Estado de Mexico (Mexico)

2003-07-01

The obtained results using somatic cells, they have evidenced that the chlorophyllin (CHLN) it can act inhibiting or increasing the damage caused by different mutagens. The objective of this investigation is to evaluate the effect of the CHLN on the damage induced by gamma radiation in germinal cells of Drosophila. Two tests were used, the lost of the X chromosome and the conventional test of lethal recessive bound to the sex (LRLS); both with a system of litters. The obtained results in both essays, indicated that the CHLN doesn't reduce the damage induced by the gamma radiation in none of the cellular monitored states. (Author)

Energetic-economical analysis of a stationary for energy generation with fuel cells and natural gas reforming; Analise energetico-economica de um sistema estacionario de geracao de energia com celulas a combustivel e reforma de gas natural

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Furtado, Jose Geraldo de Melo; Silva Junior, Fernando Rodrigues; Silva, Cristiane Abrantes da; Soares, Guilherme Fleury Wanderley; Lopes, Francisco da Costa; Serra, Eduardo Torres [Centro de Pesquisas de Energia Eletrica (CEPEL), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)]. E-mail: furtado@cepel.br; Codeceira Neto, Alcides [Companhia HidroEletrica do Sao Francisco (CHESF), Recife, PE (Brazil)

2008-07-01

Power systems based on fuel cells have been considered for residential and commercial applications in energy Distributed Generation (DG) market as these systems can minimize their acquisition, installation and operation high costs. In this work we present an experimental analysis of a power generation system formed by a 5 kW proton exchange membrane fuel cell unit and a natural gas reformer (fuel processor) for hydrogen production, of the CEPEL's Fuel Cell Laboratory. It was determined the electrical performance of the cogeneration system in function of the design and operational power plant parameters. Additionally, it was verified the influence of the activation conditions of the fuel cell electrocatalytic system on the system performance. It also appeared that the use of hydrogen produced from the natural gas catalytic reforming provided the system operation in excellent electrothermal stability conditions resulting in increase of the energy conversion efficiency and of the economicity of the cogeneration power plant. The maximum electrical efficiency achieved was around 38% and in all power range unit operated with average potential per single fuel cell higher than 0.60 V. (author)

Performance of a solid oxide fuel cell with cathode containing a functional layer of LSM/YSZ film; Desempenho de uma celula a combustivel de oxido solido com catodo contendo uma camada funcional de filme LSM/YSZ

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pires, Filipe Oliveira; Domingues, Rosana Z.; Brant, Marcia C.; Silva, Charles L.; Matencio, Tulio [Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil). Dept. de Quimica]. E-mail: filipequiufmg@ufmg.br

2008-07-01

Performance of a SOFC may be evaluated by using the AC-Impedance and measuring power (P V x I). The objective of this study was to compare the performance of a fuel cell with LSM as a cathode and another one containing an additional functional composite film LSM/YSZ between the LSM and YSZ. Also it was studied variation in second cell resistance and power according to the temperature, hydrogen flux and operation time. For both cells platinum was used as anode. At 800 deg C was observed, in open current circuit, when the composite layer was introduced a decrease in resistance and high power. These results show an improvement of SOFC cathode performance with the introduction of composite LSM/YSZ layer. The maximum performance of the cell was achieved with 100 mL/min hydrogen flow at 800 deg C. The experiments also showed a performance improvement at 850 deg C. The cell behavior was stable during 318 hours of test. (author)

Synthesis and characterization of Pt-Sn-Ni alloys to application as catalysts for direct ethanol fuel cells; Sintese e caracterizacao de ligas de Pt-Sn-Ni para aplicacao como caztalisadores em celulas a combustivel do tipo DEFC

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Silva, E.L. da; Correa, P.S.; Oliveira, E.L. de; Takimi, A.S.; Malfatti, C.F., E-mail: celia.malfatti@ufrgs.b [Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (LAPEC/UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS (Brazil). Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Engenharia Mecanica. Lab. de Pesquisa em Corrosao; Radtke, C. [Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (IQ/UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS (Brazil). Inst. de Quimica

2010-07-01

Direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) have been the focus of recent research due its application in mobile energy sources. In order to obtain the maximum efficiency from these systems, it is necessary the total ethanol oxidation, which implies in C-C bond break. Different catalysts described in literature are employed with this intent. This work consists in studying PtSnNi catalysts supported on carbon Vulcan XC72R, to application in DEFCs. Thus, it was used the impregnation/reduction method, varying the atomic proportion among Pt, Sn and Ni. The alloys were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction, Cyclic Voltammetry and Transmission Microscopy. Preliminary results show that predominant structure on the catalysts is the face centered cubic platinum and the densities currents are dependent on the platinum amount. (author)

Processing of strontium-doped lanthanum manganite suspensions for cathode production of the solid oxide fuel cell; Processamento das suspensoes de manganito de lantanio dopado com estroncio para fabricacao do catodo da celula a combustivel de oxido solido

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chiba, R.; Vargas, R.A.; Andreoli, M.; Seo, E.S.M. [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil). Centro de Ciencia e Tecnologia de Materiais. Lab. de SOFC - Insumos e Componentes

2008-07-01

The ceramic material, strontium-doped lanthanum manganite (La{sub 0,85}Sr{sub 0,15}MnO{sub 3} - LSM), has been used as cathode in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs). The cathode attainment as component of the SOFCs has been studied for diverse routes of synthesis and thin films forming in Yttria-stabilized zirconia (ZrO{sub 2}/Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} - YSZ) electrolyte. In this work, the LSM was synthesized by the citrate technique and deposited in YSZ substrate using the forming technique wet powder spraying. Rheological studies of suspensions and chemical, physical and microstructural characterizations of LSM powders were made, aiming at the deposition for thin films formation until 50 mum. The half unit cells LSM/YSZ sintered were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, for verification of porosity and adherence. In this sense, this work is a contribution for production of porous cathode using the forming technique wet powder spraying in the SOFCs. (author)

Development of materials for use in solid oxid fuel cells anodes using renewable fuels in direct operation; Desenvolvimento de materiais ceramicos aplicados em anodos de celulas a combustivel de oxidos solidos para operacao direta com combustiveis renovaveis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lima, D.B.P.L. de [Instituto Federal do Parana (IFPR), PR (Brazil); Florio, D.Z. de; Bezerra, M.E.O., E-mail: daniela.bianchi@ifpr.edu.br [Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Santo Andre, SP (Brazil)

2016-07-01

Fuel cells produce electrical current from the electrochemical combustion of a gas or liquid (H2, CH4, C2H5OH, CH3OH, etc.) inserted into the anode cell. An important class of fuel cells is the SOFC (Solid Oxide Cell Fuel). It has a ceramic electrolyte that transports protons (H +) or O-2 ions and operating at high temperatures (500-1000 °C) and mixed conductive electrodes (ionic and electronic) ceramics or cermets. This work aims to develop anodes for fuel cells of solid oxide (SOFC) in order to direct operations with renewable fuels and strategic for the country (such as bioethanol and biogas). In this context, it becomes important to study in relation to the ceramic materials, especially those that must be used in high temperatures. Some types of double perovskites such as Sr2MgMoO6 (or simply SMMO) have been used as anodes in SOFC. In this study were synthesized by the polymeric precursor method, analyzed and characterized different ceramic samples of families SMMO, doped with Nb, this is: Sr2 (MgMo)1-xNbxO6 with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2. The materials produced were characterized by various techniques such as, thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, and electrical properties determined by dc and ac measurements in a wide range of temperature, frequency and partial pressure of oxygen. The results of this work will contribute to a better understanding of advanced ceramic properties with mixed driving (electronic and ionic) and contribute to the advancement of SOFC technology operating directly with renewable fuels. (author)

Behavior of Electrochemically Prepared CuInSe{sub 2} as Photovoltaic Absorber in thin Film Solar Cells; Comportamiento del CuInSe{sub 2} Basado en Precursores Electrodepositados como Absorbente Fotovoltaico en Celulas Solares de Lamina Delgada

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Guillen, C; Martinez, M A; Dona, J M; Herrero, J; Gutierrez, M T [Ciemat.Madrid (Spain)

2000-07-01

Two different objective have been pursued in the present investigation: (1) optimization of the CuInSe{sub 2} preparation parameters from electrodeposited precursors, and (2) evaluation of their photovoltaic behavior by preparing and enhancing Mo/CuInSe{sub 2}/CdS/TCO devices. When Cu-In-Se precursors are directly electrodeposited, the applied potential fit is essential to improve the photovoltaic performance. Suitable absorbers have been also obtained by evaporing an In layer onto electrodeposited Cu-Se precursors. In this case, the substrate temperature during evaporation determines the CuInSe{sub 2} quality. Similar results have been reached by substituting typical Mo-Coated glass substrates by flexible Mo foils. Different TCO tested (ZnO and ITO) have been found equivalent as front electrical contact in the devices. Solar cell performance can be improved by annealing in air at 200 degree centigree. (Author) 46 refs.

Microstructural development and characterization of lanthanum chromite-based ceramics to application in solid oxide fuel cells; Desenvolvimento microestrutural e caracterizacao de ceramicas a base de cromita de lantanio para aplicacao em celulas a combustivel de oxido solido

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oliveira, R.N.; Furtado, J.G. de M.; Soares, C.M.; Serra, E.T. [Centro de Pesquisas de Energia Eletrica (CEPEL), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)], e-mail: rnunes@cepel.br

2006-07-01

This work has for objective to investigate and to characterize the microstructural development of lanthanum chromite-based ceramics (LaCrO{sub 3}) doped with earth alkaline metals, correlating the microstructural parameters (mainly the densification level) and processing parameters with the electrothermal properties reached. Lanthanum chromite-based ceramic systems doped with earth-alkaline metals (Ca, Mg and Sr) had been produced from respective metallic nitrates by solid state reactions process. The phase compositions were evaluated by X-ray diffraction and the densification level by Archimedes method. The microstructural characterization was effected by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and thermal analysis techniques. Electrical tests were used to evaluate the electrical conductivity of the studied ceramics. The obtained results corroborate the literature comments concerning the difficulty of lanthanum chromite-based ceramics with high densification level and evidence the great influence of the nature of the dopants on the sintering mechanism and the microstructural and electric characteristics of the produced ceramics. The best ones results, in terms of densification and electrical conductivity, had been gotten through multiple doping with calcium and strontium, and in sintering temperature conditions lower that the normally considered to pure or monodoped lanthanum chromite-based ceramics. (author)

Analysis for impedance electrochemistry 'on-line' of membrane/electrode assemble (MEA) of protons exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC); Analise por impedancia eletroquimica 'on-line' de conjuntos eletrodos/membrana (MEA) de celulas a combustivel a membrana polimetrica (PEMFC)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Santos, Antonio Rodolfo dos

2007-07-01

This work reports results of studies and characterization on membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Some cell operation conditions and different processes of MEA production were investigated. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique (EIS) (in situ - 0 to 16 A) was used 'on-line' as a tool for diagnosis, concerning the cell performance. The EIS measurements were carried out with a FC350 Fuel Cell EIS System (GAMRY), coupled to a PC4 potentiostat/galvanostat and connected to the electronic load (TDI) for 'on-line' EIS experiments (100 mHz - 10 kHz, dU = 5 mV). MEAs with 25 cm{sup 2} surface area, using PtM/C 20% (M Ru, Sn or Ni) electrocatalysts were manufactured using the alcohol reduction process (ARP). The catalytic ink was applied directly into the carbon cloth (GDL) and pressed in the Nafion membrane (105). MEAs using Pt/C and Pt Ru/C 20% from E-TEK electrocatalysts were manufactured by comparison. All the cathodes were sprayed with Pt/C 20% from E-TEK. The noble metal concentrations used were set to 0.4 mg Pt.cm{sup -2} at the anode and 0.6 mg Pt.cm{sup -2} at the cathode (E-TEK). Nyquist diagrams of the MEAs with Pt/C and PtRu/C from E-TEK or PtM/C (M = Ru, Sn or Ni) ARP showed essentially the same ohmic resistances for the MEAs. This fact can be explained by suppression of agglomerates during the MEA preparation process or by the homogeneity of the anchored electrocatalysts at the carbon surface. It could also be observed, at low current densities, that there was a significant performance difference between the electrocatalysts from E-TEK and those prepared with the alcohol reduction process. The polarization curves results confirmed that the Pt M/C (M = Ru, Sn or Ni) ARP showed an activity increase for the methanol and ethanol fed cells. The technique of EIE was shown efficient for the evaluation of the method preparation of MEAs and the acting of the cell, the results of EIE showed coherence in the choice of the model the electric circuit for MEAs using hydrogen, methanol and ethanol. This coherence indicates that other resistances no considered in the model are not relevant in the total resistance of MEAs. (author)

Growth of Pediococcus acidilactici on sugar cane blackstrap molasses

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ernani S. Sant’Anna

1998-09-01

Full Text Available Pediococcus acidilactici (IL01 has grown in MRS (Man, Rogosa and Sharpe broth modified by substitution of glucose by 2.0% (MRS-2, 3.0% (MRS-3, 4.0% (MRS-4 and 5.0% (MRS-5 sugar cane blackstrap molasses. The highest acid production was obtained in MRS-5 broth maintained at a constant pH of 5.0. The highest biomass production was obtained when P. acidilactici was grown in MRS-5 broth at initial pH 6.5, while productivity was higher in MRS-2 broth (28.16%. When the MRS-2 broth was utilized at initial pH 6.5 for a 20-hour fermentation period, the highest growth rate (dx/dt was found in a period of 8 to 16 hours (0.290 g cells/L.h, while the specific growth rate (µ was 0.175 (h-1 for that period, differently from the 0.441 (h-1 obtained for the period comprising the 4th to the 12th hour. The growth in MRS broth was 5.08% (2.95 g/l higher than in MRS-2 broth (2.80 g/l. The data obtained have shown that P. acidilactici has had a significant growth in molasses as the main carbon source, and that it is possible to substitute MRS glucose by this carbon source with the purpose of obtaining a more economical growth medium for the potential large scale productions.Pediococcus acidilactici (IL01 cresceu em caldo MRS (Man, Rogosa and Sharpe modificado por adição de 2,0% (MRS-2, 3,0% (MRS-3, 4,0% (MRS-4 and 5,0% (MRS-5 de melaço de cana de açúcar, em substituição à glicose. A maior produção de ácido ocorreu em caldo MRS-5 com pH constante 5,0. A produção de biomassa foi mais acentuada em caldo MRS-5 com pH inicial de 6,5, embora a produtividade tenha sido maior em caldo MRS-2 (28,16%. Em caldo MRS-2 e em pH inicial de 6,5 durante uma fermentação de 20 horas, a velocidade de crescimento (dx/dt foi maior entre a 8ª e 16ª hora (0,290 g celulas/L.h enquanto a velocidade específica de crescimento µ foi 0,175 (h-1 para este período, diferente de 0,441 (h-1 obtido no período compreendido entre a 4ª e 12ª hora. O crescimento em caldo MRS foi 5

Alterações hematológicas em bovinos submetidos ao envenenamento crotálico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

P. M. Ferreira

2005-03-01

Full Text Available RESUMO: O quadro clínico observado ao exame do animal acidentado pela cascavél sul americana (Crotalus durissus terrificus , portadora de veneno contendo quantidades significativas da toxina crotamina, é de difícil diferenciação clínica com outras doenças. Com o objetivo de se estabelecer alterações hematológicas que auxiliem o diagnóstico desta condição mórbida, cinco fêmeas bovinas mestiças, com idade variando entre dois e três anos, foram inoculadas com veneno crotálico do tipo crotamina positivo, utilizando a dose de 0,03 mg por quilo de pêso vivo, na região glútea, por via intramuscular. Colheu-se amostras de sangue para realizar os exames laboratoriais antes e a cada duas horas após a inoculação, até a morte dos animais. Verificou-se que: o número de hemácias, o volume corpuscular médio ( VCM , a hemoglobina corpuscular média ( HCM , os números de leucócitos totais, de linfócitos, de neutrófilos e de monócitos, tiveram aumentos significativos e que os números de leucócitos totais apresentaram comportamento atípico, caracterizado por leucocitoses com valores atingindo até 60.000 celulas/mm,3 a cada seis horas, alternadas por quedas para em torno de 13.000 células/mm3. Pelo exposto, concluiu-se que a observação destas alterações poderá auxiliar o estabelecimento do diagnóstico desta afecção nos bovinos. PALAVRAS CHAVE: Envenenamento crotálico; hemograma; bovinos. SUMMARY: The clinical findings observed at examination of an animal attacked by South American rattle snake (Crotalus durissus terrificus , that has poison containing significative crotamine toxin quantites are difficult to distinguish from other diseases. With the aim of establishing haematological parameters of diagnostic value for this condition diagnosis, five crossbred female cattle, from two to three years old, were inoculated with

Genetic divergence among hybrids of 'Cravo' mandarin with 'Pêra' sweet orange Divergência genética entre híbridos de tangerina 'Cravo' com laranja 'Pêra'

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Roberto Pedroso de Oliveira

2003-02-01

Full Text Available Molecular markers have been used as tools in breading programs of sexual hybridation, allowing the genetic characterization of a large number of genotypes. The RADP markers are the most used since the employed techniques are simple and of low cost. To evaluate the genetic divergence among F1 hybrids of 'Cravo' mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco and 'Pêra' sweet orange (C. sinensis (L. Osbeck, this study analyses the variability and similarity of the hybrids among themselves and with their parents. Random Amplified Polimorfic DNA marker analysis, with 102 primers, were applied to a population composed of 94 hybrids and their parents. Multivariate genetic divergence analysis of the principal components and Tocher grouping were carried out only considering the polymorphic fragments. Genetic distances were calculated by the arithmetic complement of the Jaccard index. Bidimensional dispersion graphs among hybrid and parent distances and of the divergence analysis by principal components were constructed. High genetic similarity among Cravo and Pêra varieties and their hybrids was verified, showing a casual distribution from the hybrids in relation to the parents, but in intermediary positions. The principal component analysis showed little applicability in the study of hybrid genetic divergence. The hybrids and parents were classified in groups based on the genetic similarity, using the Tocher optimization method.Os marcadores moleculares têm sido utilizados como ferramentas em programas de melhoramento por hibridação sexual, permitindo a caracterização genética de grande número de genótipos. Os marcadores moleculares RAPD são os mais utilizados pois as técnicas empregadas são simples e de baixo custo. Avaliou-se a divergência genética entre híbridos F1 de tangerina 'Cravo' (Citrus reticulata Blanco com laranja 'Pêra' (C. sinensis (L. Osbeck e estudou-se a variabilidade e a similaridade desses materiais entre si e em relação aos

VIABILIDADE DO PÓLEN EM VARIEDADES DE LARANJA DOCE POLLEN VIABILITY IN SWEET ORANGE VARIETIES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Edson Tobias Domingues

1999-01-01

Full Text Available Uma vez que a polinização é um dos pontos decisivos para o crescimento e desenvolvimento do fruto, contribuindo com os gametas masculinos para a fecundação e determinando, na maioria das vezes, a fixação dos frutos em citros, torna-se necessário conhecer o grau de esterilidade masculina nas diferentes variedades de laranja doce para sua possível utilização em programas de melhoramento. A esterilidade é limitante para programas que envolvam a hibridação sexual, por outro lado possui sua importância econômica em citros induzindo menor número de sementes por fruto em certas variedades. Com a finalidade de caracterizar 44 variedades de laranja doce (Citrus sinensis [L.] osbeck quanto à viabilidade do pólen, foram coletadas anteras das variedades enxertadas sobre tangerineira Cleópatra. As variedades estudadas pertencem aos principais grupos de laranja doce: com acidez (como a laranja 'Pêra', de baixa acidez (como a laranja 'Lima', com umbigo (como a laranja 'Bahia' e sangüíneas (como a laranja 'Rubi Blood'. O percentual de pólen viável foi avaliado por meio da coloração com carmim acético a 25% e contagem sob microscópio ótico. Foram observados valores que variaram desde 12,0% para a 'Pêra Sem Sementes' até 88,8% para a variedade 'Hamlin Reserva'. Os clones de laranja 'Hamlin' mostraram maior percentual de pólen viável. Não foi observada presença de pólen para as variedades produtoras de laranjas de umbigo, originadas da variedade Bahia. As variedades 'Pêra', 'Valência' e 'Natal', as quais são as principais cultivares da citricultura paulista e nacional, apresentaram baixos percentuais de pólen viável.Pollination is one of the most critical points in fruit growth and development, contributing with male gametes for fertilization and determine, greatly, fruit setting in citrus. It is necessary to evaluate male sterility in sweet orange varieties for their possible use in breeding programs. The sterility limits

Caracterização molecular e variabilidade genética de acessos elite de mandioca para fins industriais Molecular characterization and genetic variability of elite cassava accessions for industrial purpose

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eduardo Alano Vieira

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Marcadores moleculares são ferramentas úteis na caracterização molecular de acessos de mandioca, em razão de apresentarem elevada capacidade de detecção das informações contidas no genoma. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar, por meio de marcadores RAPD, 20 acessos de mandioca para fins industriais conservados no Banco Regional de Germoplasma de Mandioca do Cerrado (BGMC. Em laboratório, os acessos foram avaliados por meio de marcadores RAPD, sendo posteriormente estimada a matriz de similaridade genética entre os acessos, por meio do índice de Jaccard. A análise, feita através de 11 iniciadores, gerou um total de 120 marcadores RAPD, dos quais 74 (62% foram polimórficos, revelando a presença de elevada variabilidade genética no grupo de acessos avaliados. A análise de agrupamento revelou a formação de apenas um agrupamento forte, formado pelos acessos BGMC 1130, BGMC 788, BGMC 1270 e BGMC 1107, o que indica que, no melhoramento genético de mandioca, não devem ser priorizadas hibridações entre esses acessos, sob pena de efeitos de endogamia. Por sua vez, o acesso BGMC 436 foi o mais divergente em relação aos demais e, como expressa elevado potencial produtivo na região do Cerrado do Brasil Central, representa boa opção como genitor para o melhoramento de mandioca para essa região. O estudo comprovou que os marcadores RAPD são eficientes na determinação da variabilidade genética dos acessos avaliados e que neste grupo existe elevada variabilidade genética passível de ser utilizada no melhoramento genético.Molecular markers are useful tools for the molecular characterization of cassava accessions since they present high capacity to detect information within the genome. The aim of this research was to characterize through RAPD molecular markers, 20 industrial cassava accessions conserved in the Cerrado Cassava Regional Germoplasm Bank ("Banco Regional de Germoplasma de Mandioca do Cerrado"-BGMC. Upon

Development of a computational model applied to a unitary 144 CM{sup 2} proton exchange membrane fuel cell; Desenvolvimento de um modelo numerico computacional aplicado a uma celula a combustivel unitaria de 144 CM{sup 2} tipo PEM

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Robalinho, Eric

2009-07-01

This work presents the development of a numerical computer model and methodology to study and design polymeric exchange membrane fuel cell - PEM. For the validation of experimental results, a sequence of routines, appropriate to fit the data obtained in the laboratory, was described. At the computational implementation it was created a new strategy of coupling two 3-dimensional models to satisfy the requirements of the comprehensive model of the fuel cell, including its various geometries and materials, as well as the various physical and chemical processes simulated. To effective assessment of the real cell analogy with numerical model, numerical studies were carried out. Comparisons with values obtained in the literature, characterization of variables through laboratory experiments and estimates from models already tested in the literature were also performed. Regarding the experimental part, a prototype of a fuel cell unit of 144 cm{sup 2} of geometric area was designed, produced and operated at laboratory with the purpose of validating the numerical computer model proposed, with positive results. The results of simulations for the 2D and 3D geometries proposed are presented in the form of polarization curves, highlighting the catalytic layer model based on the geometry of agglomerates. Parametric and sensitivity studies are presented to illustrate the change in performance of the fuel cell studied. The final model is robust and useful as a tool for design and optimization of PEM type fuel cells in a wide range of operating conditions. (author)

Development of a computational model applied to a unitary 144 cm{sup 2} proton exchange membrane fuel cell; Desenvolvimento de um modelo numerico computacional aplicado a uma celula a combustivel unitaria de 144 CM{sup 2} tipo PEM

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Robalinho, Eric

2009-07-01

This work presents the development of a numerical computer model and methodology to study and design polymeric exchange membrane fuel cell - PEM. For the validation of experimental results, a sequence of routines, appropriate to fit the data obtained in the laboratory, was described. At the computational implementation it was created a new strategy of coupling two 3-dimensional models to satisfy the requirements of the comprehensive model of the fuel cell, including its various geometries and materials, as well as the various physical and chemical processes simulated. To effective assessment of the real cell analogy with numerical model, numerical studies were carried out. Comparisons with values obtained in the literature, characterization of variables through laboratory experiments and estimates from models already tested in the literature were also performed. Regarding the experimental part, a prototype of a fuel cell unit of 144 cm of geometric area was designed, produced and operated at laboratory with the purpose of validating the numerical computer model proposed, with positive results. The results of simulations for the 2D and 3D geometries proposed are presented in the form of polarization curves, highlighting the catalytic layer model based on the geometry of agglomerates. Parametric and sensitivity studies are presented to illustrate the change in performance of the fuel cell studied. The final model is robust and useful as a tool for design and optimization of PEM type fuel cells in a wide range of operating conditions. (author)

Action of the chlorophyllin (CHLN) on the double breaking induced by gamma radiation in germinal cells of Drosophila melanogaster; Accion de la clorofilina (CHLN) sobre los dobles rompimientos inducidos por radiacion gamma en celulas germinales de Drosophila melanogaster

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Moreno M, A

2005-07-01

The chlorophyllin (CHLN) is a derived of the chlorophyll in the one which the atom of Mg is replaced by Cu. It has been broadly used as preservative in those foods, and in the treatment of geriatric patients. The results using different test systems have demonstrated that the CHLN reduces the DNA damage caused by different physical agents or chemical of direct action or insinuation. Another of the properties of the CHLN is it anti carcinogenic action, because it has been that inhibits the carcinogen activity of B1 (AFB1) aflatoxin and it diminishes the incidence of tumors caused for 2-amine-3-methylimidazo [4- 5f] quinoline (IQ) and it inhibits the development of colon cancer during the post-initiation phase. Recently the reports of the activity promoter of the CHLN have been increased on the genetic damage. This effect observed in Salmonella and later on in Drosophila melanogaster using, physical and chemical agents. Presently study determines the action of the CHLN before the genetic effect induced in germinal cells of Drosophila melanogaster by means of the test of the lost one of the X chromosome in ring using two protocols; the first one consisted on pretreatment with CHLN to the male ones and later on to irradiate them and in the second protocol the pretreatment with CHLN administers to the females, in both protocols its were used a litter systems. (Author)

Evolution of the energy content and emissions of CO{sub 2} associated with Brazilian economic production between 1990 and 2030: a hybrid approach; Evolucao do conteudo energetico e das emissoes de CO{sub 2} associadas a producao economica brasileira entre 1990 e 2030: uma abordagem hibrida

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pereira Junior, Amaro Olimpio; Soares, Jeferson Borghetti; Oliveira, Ricardo Gorini de; Queiroz, Renato Pinto de [Empresa de Pesquisa Energetica (EPE), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)], e-mail: amaro.pereira@epe.gov.br, e-mail: jeferson.soares@epe.gov.br, e-mail: ricardo.gorini@epe.gov.br, e-mail: renato.queiroz@epe.gov.br

2008-07-01

This study proposes um hybrid approach to analyze the results of the Energy National Plan 2030, performed by EPE, a state owned Enterprise of Energy Research. The model integrates the energy data to macroeconomics, giving them consistence, from the input-output analysis. The resultant matrixes from this methodology are use to analyze the evolution of energy content and the CO{sub 2} emissions associated to the economic production of choose sectors. (author)

Synthesis of modified calcium aluminate with lanthanum manganite (LSM) for possible use in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC); Sintese de aluminato de calcio modificado com manganita de lantanio (LSM) para possivel utilizacao em celula combustivel de oxido solido (SOFC)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Veiga, F.C.T.; Jurado, J.; Sousa, V.C. de, E-mail: faili.cintia@gmail.com [Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS (Brazil). Escola de Engenharia. Departamento de Materiais; Cava, S.S. [Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS (Brazil)

2016-07-01

The fuel cells solid oxide (SOFC) is made up of three basic elements: two electrodes, the anode and cathode and a conductive electrolyte ions. The objective of this work consists of calcium aluminate synthesis modified LSM in a 1: 1 by combustion synthesis method with a view to its use as a cathode in SOFC. The characterization of the post was carried out by the methods of XRD, TEM and EIS. After heat treatment at 1200°C/4 hours it was possible to obtain Ca0.5Sr1.5MnO4 and CaMnO2.56 phases. The material showed a semiconductor characteristics because with increasing temperature the electrical resistance value tends to decrease obtaining electrical conductivity greater than 10-6S / cm featuring an extrinsic semiconductor with an activation energy of 0.12. Therefore, with an activation energy value within the range of materials used for a SOFC cathodes. (author)

Optimal design of a hybrid photovoltaic and fuel cell power generation system, to supply isolated communities in the Brazilian Amazon; Dimensionamento otimo de sistemas hibridos, com geracao fotovoltaica e celula a combustivel, para atendimento a comunidades isoladas na Amazonia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Silva, Sergio Batista da

2010-11-15

The lack of electricity in isolated communities in the Brazilian Amazon has become one of the greatest barrier for the development of the region. Currently, the main technologies that provide electricity to these communities are diesel generators, batteries and dry cells. These non-renewable energy sources may pose serious problems to the environment and human health and have high maintenance and operational costs. Therefore, the search for renewable energy sources, such as water and sunlight, which are highly abundant in the region, has become a great challenge. This thesis presents the studies on application of solar photovoltaic (PV) and fuel cell (FC) technologies to supply electric power in an uninterrupted manner. Outlined are the technical and cost issues of a pilot project set up in an environmentally protected area, next to Bananal island, located in the Southwestern region of the state of Tocantins. The pilot project relies on PV solar power as the primary source of energy for the production of electricity. The surplus energy is stored in the form of hydrogen produced by electrolysis of the water supplied locally, which is reconverted into electric power by fuel cells during periods when there is little or no sunlight. In this context, the aim of the study was to propose a sizing of a hybrid distributed generation system (HDGS), comprised of a PV system, FC and batteries, that optimizes implementation and operational costs, as a potential source of energy for isolated communities in the Amazon. The work was carried out with the help of simulation software HOMER (Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable) developed by National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). Simulations and a comparative study were carried out of the technologies and potential configurations that meet the needs of these isolated communities. The results showed an optimal solution of HGDS PV-FC batteries with a reduction in the initial cost of the project in about 60% compared to the sizing system only. The HOMER simulated results also indicated that more than 50% of the costs of the PV-FC-battery HDGS regarded the PV system. (author)

Stimulation of murine stem cell proliferation by circulating activities produced during the recovery of a radiation-induced hematopoietic injury. Estimulacion proliferativa de celulas madre hematopoyeticas de raton por actividades circulantes producidas durante la recuperacion de un dano hematopoyetico radioinducido

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Grande Azanedo, M.T.

1989-02-01

The proliferative activity of CFU-S, low in normal steady state, increases after treatment with different aggressors, i.e., radiation. This stimulation has been attributed in part to a local regulation system of stem cell proliferation, and at least in part to a humoral regulatory system. In the present work it has been investigated the role that circulating activities have in the CFU-S stimulation, by means of in vitro and in vivo incubation assays with diffusion chambers. The results show that bone marrow of mice irradiated with 5 Gy produces in vitro diffusible activities capable of stimulating the CFU-S proliferation. As well with this same dose circulating activities are also produced in vivo. In addition we have observed that these activities are only released during the periods of active hematopoietic regeneration that follow irradiation with moderate doses (1.5 and 5 Gy). In another set of experiments we saw that the stimulating activities are also detected in serum of mice irradiated with 5 Gy. These serum activities modify the proliferative state of very primitive precursors (12 d CFU-S). When the serum activities are added to long term bone marrow cultures the CFU-S are also stimulated to proliferate. Finally, we observed that the radiation-induced serum activities stimulate the proliferation of bone marrow CFU-S when injected into normal mice, suggesting that such activities are involved in the regulation of CFU-S proliferation.

Radiosensitizing effect of nitric oxide in tumor cells and experimental tumors irradiated with gamma rays and proton beams; Efecto radiosensibilizador del oxido nitrico en celulas tumorales y en tumores experimentales irradiados con radiacion gamma y con haces de protones

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Policastro, Lucia L; Duran, Hebe; Molinari, Beatriz L [Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica, General San Martin (Argentina). Dept. de Radiobiologia; Schuff, Juan A; Kreiner, Andres J; Burlon, Alejandro A; Debray, Mario E; Kesque, Jose M; Ozafran, Mabel J; Vazquez, Monica E [Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica, General San Martin (Argentina). Dept. de Fisica; Davidson, Jorge; Davidson, Miguel [Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires (Argentina); Somacal, Hector R; Valda, Alejandro A [Universidad Nacional de General San Martin , Villa Ballester (Argentina). Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnologia

2003-07-01

Nitric oxide (NO) has been reported to be a radiosensitizer of mammalian cells under hypoxic conditions. In a previous study, we demonstrated an enhancement in radiation response induced by NO in mouse tumor cells under aerobic conditions, with an increasing effect as a function of malignancy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of NO in tumor cells and in experimental tumors irradiated with {gamma} rays and proton beams. Irradiations were performed with a {sup 137}Cs {gamma} source and with proton beams generated by the TANDAR accelerator. Tumor cells were treated with the NO donor DETA-NO and the sensitizer enhancement ratio (SER) was calculated using the {alpha} parameter of the survival curve fitted to the linear-quadratic model. Tumor cells irradiated with protons were radio sensitized by DETA-NO only in the more malignant cells irradiated with low LET protons (2.69{+-}0.08 keV/{mu}m). For higher LET protons there were no radiosensitizing effect. For human tumor cells pre-treated with DETA-NO and irradiated with {gamma} rays, a significantly greater effect was demonstrated in the malignant cells (MCF-7) as compared with the near normal cells (HBL-100). Moreover, a significant decrease in tumor growth was demonstrated in mice pre-treated with the NO donor spermine and irradiated with {gamma} rays and low LET protons as compared with mice irradiated without pre-treatment with the NO donor. In conclusion, we demonstrated a differential effect of NO as a radiosensitizer of malignant cells, both with {gamma} rays and low LET protons. This selectivity, coupled to the in vivo inhibition of tumor growth, is of great interest for the potential use of NO releasing agents in radiotherapy. (author)

Determination of boron by ICP-AES in normal and malignant cells incubated 'in vitro' with fructose {sup 10}BPA; Determinacion de boro por ICP-AES para el estudio de captacion por celulas malignas y normales incubadas 'in vitro' con fructosa-BPA

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Garavaglia, Ricardo N; Farias, Silvia S; Rodriguez, Ruben E; Servant, Roberto E; Liberman, Sara; Pisarev, Mario A; Batistoni, Daniel A [Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica, General San Martin (Argentina). Dept. de Quimica

1999-07-01

This paper describes the development and optimization of methodology for total boron concentration in cell cultures coming from fixation and accumulation of this element by normal and malignant cells. On account of sample mass and low volume resulting from dilution, generally about 1 mL, a procedure for automatic injection of micro volumes was designed, developed and optimized. Iron interference was carefully studied. Linear calibration curves were obtained for 50 to 2500 ng B/mL range. Determination limits were 10 and 20 ng B/mL for B 249.772 nm and 249.677 nm, respectively. Repeatability, expressed as relative standard deviation was better than 5% for a 100 ng B/mL. Recovery of analyte added to real samples ranged between 95 and 103%. The method was applied to studies on F-98 cells (rat glioma) and normal glia in BNCT project frame. (author)

Analysis for impedance electrochemistry 'on-line' of membrane/electrode assemble (MEA) of protons exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC); Analise por impedancia eletroquimica 'on-line' de conjuntos eletrodos/membrana (MEA) de celulas a combustivel a membrana polimetrica (PEMFC)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Santos, Antonio Rodolfo dos

2007-07-01

This work reports results of studies and characterization on membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Some cell operation conditions and different processes of MEA production were investigated. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique (EIS) (in situ - 0 to 16 A) was used 'on-line' as a tool for diagnosis, concerning the cell performance. The EIS measurements were carried out with a FC350 Fuel Cell EIS System (GAMRY), coupled to a PC4 potentiostat/galvanostat and connected to the electronic load (TDI) for 'on-line' EIS experiments (100 mHz - 10 kHz, dU = 5 mV). MEAs with 25 cm{sup 2} surface area, using PtM/C 20% (M Ru, Sn or Ni) electrocatalysts were manufactured using the alcohol reduction process (ARP). The catalytic ink was applied directly into the carbon cloth (GDL) and pressed in the Nafion membrane (105). MEAs using Pt/C and Pt Ru/C 20% from E-TEK electrocatalysts were manufactured by comparison. All the cathodes were sprayed with Pt/C 20% from E-TEK. The noble metal concentrations used were set to 0.4 mg Pt.cm{sup -2} at the anode and 0.6 mg Pt.cm{sup -2} at the cathode (E-TEK). Nyquist diagrams of the MEAs with Pt/C and PtRu/C from E-TEK or PtM/C (M = Ru, Sn or Ni) ARP showed essentially the same ohmic resistances for the MEAs. This fact can be explained by suppression of agglomerates during the MEA preparation process or by the homogeneity of the anchored electrocatalysts at the carbon surface. It could also be observed, at low current densities, that there was a significant performance difference between the electrocatalysts from E-TEK and those prepared with the alcohol reduction process. The polarization curves results confirmed that the Pt M/C (M = Ru, Sn or Ni) ARP showed an activity increase for the methanol and ethanol fed cells. The technique of EIE was shown efficient for the evaluation of the method preparation of MEAs and the acting of the cell, the results of EIE showed coherence in the choice of the model the electric circuit for MEAs using hydrogen, methanol and ethanol. This coherence indicates that other resistances no considered in the model are not relevant in the total resistance of MEAs. (author)

Fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled, magnetic nanoparticles conjugated D-penicillamine-anti-metadherin and in vitro evaluation on breast cancer cells; Avaliacao do isotiocianato de fluoresceina marcado, das nanoparticulas magneticas conjugadas da D-penicilamina antimetaderina e in vitro nas celulas do cancer de mama

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Akca, Ozlet; Unak, Perihan; Medine, E. Ylker [Ege University (Turkey). Institute of Nuclear Sciences. Department of Nuclear Applications; Sakarya, Serhan [Adnan Menderes University (Turkey). ADUBILTEM Science and Technology Research and Development Center; Ozdemir, Caglar; Timur, Suna [Ege University (Turkey). Science Faculty. Department of Nuclear Applications

2011-07-01

Silane modified magnetic nanoparticles were prepared after capped with silica generated from the hydrolyzation of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). Amino silane (SG-Si900) was added to this solution for surface modification of silica coated magnetic particles. Finally, D-penicillamine (D-PA)-antimetadherin (anti-MTDH) was covalently linked to the amine group using glutaraldehyde as cross-linker. Magnetic nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). AFM results showed that particles are nearly monodisperse, and the average size of particles was 40 to 50 nm. An amino acid derivative D-PA was conjugated anti-MTDH, which results the increase of uptaking potential of a conjugated agent, labelled fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and then conjugated to the magnetic nanoparticles. In vitro evaluation of the conjugated D-PA-anti-MTDH-FITC to magnetic nanoparticle was studied on MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. Fluorescence microscopy images of cells after incubation of the sample were obtained to monitor the interaction of the sample with the cancerous cells. Incorporation on cells of FITC labeled and magnetic nanoparticles conjugated D-PA-anti-MTDH was found higher than FITC labeled D-PA-anti-MTDH. The results show that magnetic properties and application of magnetic field increased incorporation rates. The obtained D-PA-anti-MTDH-magnetic nanoparticles-FITC complex has been used for in vitro imaging of breast cancer cells. FITC labeled and magnetic nanoparticles conjugated D-PA-anti-MTDH may be useful as a new class of scintigraphic agents. Results of this study are sufficiently encouraging to bring about further evaluation of this and related compounds for ultraviolet magnetic resonance (UV-MR) dual imaging. (author)

Exploratory study on the integration of fuel cell systems inside the chloro-soda plants for utilization of industrial hydrogen; Estudo exploratorio da integracao de sistemas de celula a combustivel dentro das plantas de cloro-soda para utilizacao do hidrogenio industrial

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Braga, Jose Mauro Fernandes [Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niteroi, RJ (Brazil). Escola de Engenharia]. E-mail: jmfbraga@oi.com.br; Seidl, Peter [Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), RJ (Brazil); Pirro e Longo, Waldimir [Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niteroi, RJ (Brazil). Nwcleo de Estudos Estrategicos (NEST)

2008-07-01

This work aims to demonstrate the economic viability of the application of industrial hydrogen in fuel cell systems by analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of this investment in hydrochloric acid/ sodium hydroxide plants. Using the Present Liquid Value and the Real Options Theory an economic evaluation will be made of the integration of fuel cell system in these plants, based on investment cost, volatility, among other parameters. (author)

Optimization by simulation and development of solar cells with aluminium paste rear emitter and diffusion in conveyor furnace; Otimizacao por simulacao e desenvolvimento de celulas solares com emissor posterior formado por pasta de aluminio e difusao em forno de esteira

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mallmann, Ana Paula

2011-01-15

Photovoltaic solar energy is the direct conversion of solar energy into electricity and it has low impact to the environment during electric energy production. The main device of this technology is the solar cell and silicon is the substrate most used. The solar cells are electrically connected and encapsulated in order to form the photovoltaic module. The aims of this thesis are to optimize, develop and to analyse n{sup +}np{sup +} solar cells processed in n type Si-PV-FZ and with aluminum rear emitter formed in belt furnace. The optimization of solar cells by simulation is an important step before the device development. The software PC-1D and another program developed using Visual Basic language were used. Considering a metal grid formed by evaporation technique in vacuum ambient an efficiency of 16.8 % may be achieved. With screen printed grid, 15.8 % efficient solar cells were obtained. From the simulation results it was found that the screen printing metallization may become more viable than evaporation technique because there is low difference in the efficiency and the screen printing is a simpler technique. The experimental optimization of silicon wafers texture process resulted in reflectance of 12 %. This value is typical for monocrystalline silicon with textured surface. Experimental optimization of phosphorus front surface field shows a sheet resistance of (36 {+-} 4) {omega}/ for this region. This region was formed in a thermal step in a conventional furnace with POCl{sub 3}. It was found that after the phosphorus diffusion occurred gettering to specific temperature and time. It was verified that the minority carrier lifetime in the final of processing is similar to the initial value. The influence of steps sequence of front silver paste firing and rear diffusion/firing aluminium paste, of surface passivation and the influence of dry air flow during the aluminium paste diffusion/firing, of aluminium paste diffusion/firing temperature and of belt speed under the fabricated devices electric characteristics were analysed. The aluminum rear emitter n{sup +}np{sup +} silicon solar cells resulted in 29 efficiency up to 9,5 %. The best solar cells were processed under 900 deg C to aluminium paste diffusion/firing and belt speed of 140 cm/min. The efficiency is limited by low values of V{sub OC} and FF reached. It was also verified that the local rear emitter formation results in solar cells with higher efficiency than those with homogeneous emitter. (author)

Preparation and characterization of Nafion - TiO{sub 2} composite electrolytes for application in proton exchange membrane fuel cells; Preparacao e caracterizacao de eletrolitos compositos Nafion - TiO{sub 2} para aplicacao em celulas a combustivel de membrana de troca protonica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Matos, Bruno Ribeiro de

2008-11-06

The fabrication and characterization of Nafion - TiO{sub 2} composites, and the use of such electrolytes in PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) fuel cell operating at high temperature (130 deg C) were studied. The operation of a PEM fuel cell at such high temperature is considered as an effective way to promote fast electrode reaction kinetics, high diffusional transport, and high tolerance to the carbon monoxide fuel contaminant. The polymer Nafion{sup R} is the most used electrolyte in PEM fuel cells due to its high proton conductivity. However, the proton transport in Nafion is dependent on the water content in the polymeric membrane. The need of absorbed water in the polymer structure limits the operation of the fuel cell to temperatures close to 100 deg C, above which Nafion exhibits a fast decrease of the ionic conductivity. In order to increase the performance of the electrolyte operating at high temperatures, Nafion-TiO{sub 2} composites have been prepared by casting. The addition of titania hygroscopic particles to the polymeric matrix aims at the enhancement of the humidification of the electrolyte at temperatures above 100 deg C. Three types of titania particles with different specific surface area and morphology have been investigated. Nafion-based composites with the addition of titania nanoparticles, in the 2.5-15 wt.% range, with nearly spherical shape and specific surface area up to approx. 115 m{sup 2}g{sup -1} were found to have higher glass transition temperature than the polymer. Such an increase improves the stability of the electrolyte during the fuel cell operation at high temperatures. The addition of titania-derived nanotubes results in a pronounced increase of the performance of PEM fuel cell operating at 130 deg C. In this composite, the high specific surface area and the tubular shape of the inorganic phase are responsible for the measured increase of both the absorption and retention of water of the composite electrolyte. Nonetheless, the polarization curves of fuel cell using the composite electrolytes exhibited an increase of the ohmic polarization associated with the addition of the insulating titania particles. As the chemical structure of Nafion was observed to be insensitive to the addition of the inorganic particles, the high performance of the composite electrolytes is a result of competing effects: the decrease of the electrical conductivity and a higher thermal stability or water absorption/retention capacity. The experimental results suggest that the Nafion-TiO{sub 2} composites are promising electrolytes for PEM fuel cells operating at temperatures above approx. 100 deg C. (author)

Psicanálise e neurociências: um mapa dos debates Psicoanálisis y neurociencias: un mapa de los debates Psychoanalysis and neurosciences: a map of the debates

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcia Moraes Davidovich

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Este artigo pretende apresentar um mapa panorâmico dos debates em torno da relação e da possível articulação entre a psicanálise e as neurociências. No campo psicanalítico são identificados três grupos principais, definidos a partir de seus pressupostos: (1 hibridação, (2 isolamento e (3 interlocução. O primeiro grupo entende ser necessária a construção de um campo híbrido, já que as neurociências poderiam fornecer à psicanálise fundamentos e instrumentos metodológicos e conceituais mais sólidos sobre o funcionamento psíquico. Esta proposta vem sendo desenvolvida com a fundação da neuropsicanálise. Já o segundo grupo, marcado fortemente pelo discurso lacaniano, é refratário a qualquer forma de articulação, por considerá-las todas epistemologicamente inviáveis, resultando necessariamente em uma submissão da psicanálise aos ditames cientificistas atuais. Por fim, o terceiro grupo entende ser a interlocução, sem a hierarquização dos modelos em jogo, fonte fértil para a formulação de novas hipóteses teóricas e para a revisão do edifício conceitual da psicanálise.Este artículo pretende presentar un mapa panorámico de los debates sobre la relación y la posible articulación entre Psicoanálisis e Neurociencias. En el campo psicoanalítico, son identificados tres grupos principales, definidos a partir de sus presuposiciones: (1 hibridismo, (2 aislamiento e (3 interlocución. El primer grupo entiende como necesaria la construcción de un campo híbrido, ya que las Neurociencias podrían suministrar a la Psicoanálisis fundamentos e instrumentos metodológicos y conceptuales más sólidos sobre el funcionamiento psíquico. A su vez el segundo grupo, marcado fuertemente por el discurso lacaniano, es refractario a cualquier forma de articulación por considerarla epistemológicamente inviable y resultando necesariamente en una sumisión de la psicoanálisis al dictamen cientificista actual. Por último

Origin and evolution of cultivated cucurbits Origem e evolução de cucurbitáceas cultivadas

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Dilson Antônio Bisognin

2002-08-01

ção e a exploração da variabilidade genética para o desenvolvimento de germoplasma e de novas cultivares. A seleção durante o processo de domesticação foi para formato de fruto, redução de gosto amargo na polpa, aumento de tamanho e redução do número de sementes e aumento do tamanho de frutos. Esta seleção permitiu a manutenção de grande variabilidade genética entre e dentro das espécies cultivadas, a qual está associada a uma diversidade de usos que requer diferentes formatos, tamanhos e uma constante relação entre comprimento e diâmetro de fruto. A discussão da história do melhoramento genético de cucurbitáceas mostra como a seleção artificial pode aumentar o ganho de seleção para caraterísticas de fruto, para atender usos específicos, e para adaptabilidade às mais diversas regiões do mundo. Apesar de a hibridação interespecífica ter sido amplamente utilizada no melhoramento genético de cucurbitáceas, ainda existe um grande potencial para aumentar seu uso afim de desenvolver germoplasma e novas cultivares.

Repetibilidade da produção de cachos de híbridos interespecíficos entre o caiaué e o dendezeiro Repeatability for bunch production in interspecific hybrids between caiaué and african oil palm

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Gilson Sánchez Chia

2009-01-01

Full Text Available A hibridação interespecífica entre o caiaué (Elaeis oleífera (Kunth Cortés e o dendezeiro (E. guineensis Jacq. tem sido explorada com o objetivo de desenvolver cultivares tão produtivas quanto as de dendezeiro, aliada à resistência a pragas e doenças, principalmente o amarelecimento fatal, elevada taxa de ácidos graxos insaturados e redução de porte características do caiaué. Por ser uma cultura perene com longo ciclo de produção, além dos altos custos para manutenção e avaliação dos experimentos de melhoramento genético, é necessário definir o período mínimo de avaliação para que a seleção dos híbridos seja realizada com eficiência e mínimo dispêndio de tempo e recursos. Este estudo teve como objetivo estimar os coeficientes de repetibilidade dos caracteres número de cachos, peso total de cachos e peso médio de cachos de híbridos interespecíficos e definir o número de anos consecutivos de avaliação necessário para seleção eficiente dos melhores cruzamentos e indivíduos. Os coeficientes de repetibilidade foram estimados pelos métodos da análise de variância, componentes principais com base na matriz de covariância (CPCV e de correlações, e análise estrutural com base na matriz de correlações. O método dos CPCV demonstrou ser o mais adequado para o estudo da repetibilidade da produção de cachos, indicando quatro anos consecutivos de avaliação para selecionar progênies, representadas por dez plantas, com coeficientes de determinação (R² superiores a 85%, e que para seleção individual de plantas são necessários pelo menos seis anos consecutivos de avaliação para atingir R² superior a 80%.Interspecific hybridization between the caiaué (Elaeis oleífera (Kunth Cortés and the african oil palm (E. guineensis Jacq. has been exploited with the objective of developing varieties as productive as African oil palm and with the pest and disease resistance, reduced height and high levels

Capacidade combinatória para características agronômicas em feijão-de-vagem Combining ability for agronomic traits in snap bean

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Willian Krause

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Para o desenvolvimento de um programa de melhoramento, a obtenção de informações com base no comportamento "per se" e da capacidade combinatória de um grupo de genitores é uma etapa importante. Especificamente no caso do feijão-de-vagem, hibridações com o feijoeiro comum são usuais, já que ambos pertencem à mesma espécie botânica e muitas vezes características disponíveis no feijão comum não são encontradas no feijão-de-vagem. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade combinatória entre quatro genitores de feijão-de-vagem e um de feijão comum, quanto aos caracteres agronômicos. Os genótipos foram escolhidos com base na divergência genética e no comportamento em relação às características morfoagronômicas identificadas em experimentos preliminares. Os cruzamentos foram efetuados considerando-se o esquema de dialelo completo sem os recíprocos. O experimento para avaliar oito caracteres agronômicos de interesse para o feijão-de-vagem foi conduzido em condições de campo, no período de novembro de 2007 a fevereiro de 2008, em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, em Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso. Os genitores 'UEL 1' e 'Novirex,' são os mais indicados para compor programas de melhoramento que visem obter populações promissoras para o desenvolvimento de linhagens superiores. As combinações 'Manteiga Baixo' x 'Novirex' e 'Manteiga Baixo' x 'UEL 1' foram as que mais se destacaram para a maioria das características agronômicas avaliadas com relação aos valores da capacidade específica de combinação, além de terem como genitores 'UEL 1' e 'Novirex' que tiveram as melhores médias e os melhores valores da capacidade geral de combinação.To develop a plant breeding program, information about parentals per se performance and also about genotypes combining ability is an important step. Crosses involving snap and common beans are usual in breeding snap beans since both belong to the same

Pollinator guild organization and its consequences for reproduction in three synchronopatric species of Tibouchina (Melastomataceae

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Ana Maria Franco

2011-09-01

ólen ou se cada planta ocupa manchas distintas do hábitat. A reprodução de Tibouchina cerastifolia (Naudin Cogn., T. clinopodifolia (DC. Cogn. e T. gracilis (Bonpl. Cogn. foi estudada em Floresta Atlântica para verificar se a sincronopatria levava à partilha temporal das espécies de polinizadores. Onze espécies de abelhas compuseram a guilda de polinizadores. Entre eles, houve sobreposição na composição de espécies de polinizadores e no período de visitação floral. A competição direta por pólen em Tibouchina Aubl. na área de estudo parece levar a distintos períodos de atividade entre as abelhas, onde Bombus pauloensis Friese,1913 foi mais ativa mais cedo enquanto que as outras espécies foram ativas mais tarde. Bombus pauloensis, a maior espécie de abelha registrada em nas flores de Tibouchina, foi o polinizador mais importante e eficiente. Esta espécie coletava pólen antes das outras abelhas e apresentou um menor tempo de manipulação das anteras. As plantas se reproduziram sexuadamente, por autogamia e xenogamia e a hibridação não foi inibida por reações de incompatibilidade no estilete. A ausência de competição direta por pólen e de partilha de polinizadores pode refletir uma interação de facilitação entre estas três espécies pioneiras e sincronopátricas de Tibouchina.

Tritium-Labelled Thymidine (H{sup 3}TDR): Its Somatic Toxicity and Use in the Study of Growth Rates and Potentials in Normal and Malignant Tissue of Man and Animals; La Thymidine Tritiee ({sup 3}HTDR), sa Toxicite Somatique et son Emploi dans l'etude du Taux et du Potentiel de Croissance des Tissus Normaux et Malins chez l'Homme et chez les Animaux; 041c 0435 0447 0414 ; Timidina Marcada con Tritio ({sup 3}HTDR): Toxicidad Somatica y Empleo en el Estudio de las Velocidades de Crecimiento en Tejidos Normales y Malignos del Hombre y de los Animales

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Cronkite, E. P.; Fliedner, T. M.; Killmann, S. A.; Rubini, J. R. [Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, Long Island, NY (United States)

1962-02-15

energia, permite obtener autorradiogramas (ARG) de elevada resolucion. La {sup 3}HTDR es quimicamente estable, marca el acido desoxirribonucleico (ADN) y no experimenta intercambio ulterior. El ADN solo es diluido por nuevo ADN en el momento de producirse las duplicaciones cromosomaticas. Por tanto, la intensidad de la marcacion disminuye a medida que tienen lugar las sucesivas divisiones celulares. Al parecer, el comportamiento de la poblacion marcada es compatible con el modelo Taylor-Woods-Hughes (TWH) de duplicacion cromosomatica. La intuicion sugiere que el ADN adquiere radiotoxicidad cuando se le incorporan elementos radiactivos. Se ha estudiado la toxicidad en relacion con las propiedades del tritio y la influencia de la duplicacion cromosomatica (modelo TWH), y empiricamente en testiculos y linfocitos de mamiferos. Despues de administrar dosis suficientes para poder realizar estudios autorradiograficos en serie, no se han observado radiolesiones ni perturbaciones en la proliferacion celular. Hasta la fecha se han estudiado, tanto en el hombre como en animales, la hematopoyesis normal, leucemias agudas y cronicas, mieloma multiple y determinados tumores solidos. Se ha reunido una serie de datos sobre la fraccion de las celulas marcadas y la velocidad de disminucion de la intensidad de la marcacion. En la memoria se presentan esos datos. Su interpretacion resulta complicada a consecuencia de las restricciones impuestas por la identificacion citologica y de la determinacion de limites morfologicos entre fases sucesivas de la proliferacion celular pasando de la celula originaria a la progenie que no sufre division, asi como de nuestra incapacidad para determinar si una celuia que no este en estado de mitosis o en fase de sintesis de ADN conserva su capacidad para volver a dividirse. En la memoria se examinan los aspectos teorico y practico de estos problemas. Se ha establecido provisionalmente que la velocidad de crecimiento correspondiente a algunos conjuntos

Study and development of membrane electrode assemblies for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) with palladium based catalysts; Estudo e desenvolvimento de conjuntos membrana-eletrodos (MEA) para celula a combustivel de eletrolito polimerico condutor de protons (PEMFC) com eletrocatalisadores a base de paladio

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Bonifacio, Rafael Nogueira

2013-07-01

PEMFC systems are capable of generating electricity with high efficiency and low or no emissions, but durability and cost issues prevent its large commercialization. In this work MEA with palladium based catalysts were developed, Pd/C, Pt/C and alloys PdPt/C catalysts with different ratios between metals and carbon were synthesized and characterized. A study of the ratio between catalyst and Nafion Ionomer for formation of high performance triple-phase reaction was carried out, a mathematical model to implement this adjustment to catalysts with different relations between metal and support taking into account the volumetric aspects of the catalyst layer was developed and then a study of the catalyst layer thickness was performed. X-ray diffraction, Transmission and Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-ray Energy Dispersive, Gas Pycnometry, Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry, Gas adsorption according to the BET and BJH equations, and Thermo Gravimetric Analysis techniques were used for characterization and particle size, specific surface areas and lattice parameters determinations were also carried out. All catalysts were used on MEAs preparation and evaluated in 5 cm{sup 2} single cell from 25 to 100 °C at 1 atm and the best composition was also evaluated at 3 atm. In the study of metals for reactions, to reduce the platinum applied to the electrodes without performance losses, Pd/C and PdPt/C 1:1 were selected for anodes and cathodes, respectively. The developed MEA structure used 0,25 mgPt.cm{sup -2}, showing power densities up to 550 mW.cm{sup -2} and power of 2.2 kW{sub net} per gram of platinum. The estimated costs showed that there was a reduction of up to 64.5 %, compared to the MEA structures previously known. Depending on the temperature and operating pressure, values from US$ 1,475.30 to prepare MEAs for each installed kilowatt were obtained. Taking into account recent studies, it was concluded that the cost of the developed MEA is compatible with PEMFC stationary application. (author)

Modifier action of the chlorophyllin of the mutagenesis induced by the ethyl-nitroso-urea (ENU) in germinal cells of Drosophila melanogaster; Accion modificadora de la clorofilina de la mutagenesis inducida por la etil-nitroso-urea (ENU) en celulas germinales de Drosophila melanogaster

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Morales N, I

2006-07-01

The cupro-sodium chlorophyllin (CCS) it is a soluble porphyrin in water that it includes in its it structures a copper atom instead of the magnesium that has the chlorophyll. Diverse experiments have demonstrated that it possesses a potent activity, reducing or inhibiting, the DNA damage caused by physical and chemical agents of direct action or insinuation. Most of the knowledge about their anti genotoxic activity has been obtained using somatic cells of different organisms, on the other hand it is known very little of their effect in germinal cells. At the moment in the Drosophila laboratory of the ININ it is investigating the protective action of the CCS in germinal cells, with these studies has been observed that its administration to females that were crossed with males irradiated with 20 Gy of gamma radiation, promotes the induction of lethal dominant in the embryonic and post-embryonic states causing a diminution in the viability egg-adult. With the test of lethal recessive bound to the sex one has evidence that it increases the basal frequency of lethal recessive and it doesn't reduce those induced by radiation. In contrast, with the present investigation when the CCS was administered to males that later on were treated with ethyl-nitroso-urea (ENU) caused a reduction of the lethal frequency in all the monitored cellular states, but only it was significant in the post-meiotic cells. On the contrary, when the CCS was administered to the female ones and then they crossed with males treaties with ENU, it was observed a tendency to increase the lethal ones in all the cellular types. With both protocols the CCS caused a diminution of the sterility. The fact that the CCS has antagonistic activities, it deserves special attention to investigate with different protocols and systems, the conditions in that this pigment can work as a true antimutagenic and/or anti carcinogenic before being able to him to propose as a chemopreventor. (Author)

Uma nova forma de Coffea

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C. A. Krug

1950-01-01

Full Text Available Nos extensos trabalhos de melhoramento do cafeeiro, há 18 anos em realização na Subdivisão de Genética do Instituto Agronômico, tem-se dedicado especial atenção à espécie C. arabica L., pelo fato de todos os nossos cafèzais pertencerem a esta espécie que, sem dúvida, fornece o produto de melhor qualidade. Nas regiões de terras extremamente cansadas, um dos principais fatôres levados em consideração no melhoramento é a rusticidade, caráter êsse, entretanto, encontrado de preferência em outras espécies, tais como o C. canephora e C. Dewevrei, cujos cafés são de má qualidade. A hibridação interespecífica, que poderia reunir em uma só planta caraterísticos de rusticidade e boa qualidade de bebida, tem o inconveniente de dar origem a plantas triplóides, que são estéreis. Daí se deduz que a obtenção artificial de formas que combinassem êsses caraterísticos constitui problema, cuja solução é extremamente demorada. No presente trabalho, apresentam-se os caracteres de uma nova forma de Coffea, encontrada em cafèzal da Fazenda Itaporã, em Terra Roxa, município de Viradouro, que, com algumas ressalvas, oferece a desejada combinação de caracteres. Trata-se, provàvelmente, de um híbrido espontâneo entre C. arabica e C. Dewevrei, com 2n = 44 cromosômios, extremamente rústico e produtivo, cujas sementes fornecem uma bebida que pode ser classificada como boa. Apenas apresenta, como principal defeito, uma auto-esterilidade quase completa. Os seus caraterísticos botânicos são descritos em detalhe. Devido ao seu porte elevado, ramos abundantes e folhas grandes e coriáceas, esse cafeeiro se assemelha ao C. Dewevrei. Os frutos são oval-elípticos, de um vermelho bem escuro quando maduros, e as sementes oblongas, constatan-do-se elevada percentagem do tipo "moca" e "chocha". Quanto à constituição citológica, as pesquisas conduziram à hipótese de este cafeeiro possuir 22 cromosômios de C. arabica e 22 (n

Resistance to the ionizing radiation in cells of human melanoma. Role of the antioxidant enzymes and of the free radicals of the oxygen; Resistencia a la radiacion ionizante en celulas de melanoma humano. Papel de las enzimas antioxidantes y de los radicales libres del oxigeno

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Medina, V; Cricco, G; Massari, N; Nunez, M; Martin, G; Mohanad, N; Gutierrez, A; Bergoc, R; Rivera, E [Laboratorio de Radioisotopos, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956, Buenos Aires (Argentina); Crescenti, E; Croci, M [Instituto de Inmunooncologia, Cordoba 3200, Buenos Aires (Argentina)

2006-07-01

The malignant melanoma is a highly aggressive and potentially lethal type of skin cancer. Previously we have reported that the cellular human lines of melanoma WM35 and M15 are resistant to the ionizing radiation (IR). The histamine (HA) although it has a regulator effect of the cellular proliferation in these lines, it is not capable of to modify the response to the IR like it makes with other malignant cellular lines. To investigate the bases of the radioresistance of the melanoma lines we have studied in the WM35 the production of free radicals of oxygen (ROS), the activity of the antioxidant enzymes and their modifications by action of the IR and of the HA. In studies in vitro the cells were treated with HA 10 {mu}M from 20 hs before being irradiated with a dose of 2 Gy (source {sup 137}Cs, dose rate 7.7 Gy/min). The ROS levels, superoxide anion (O{sub 2}{sup -}) and hydrogen peroxide (H{sub 2}O{sub 2}) its were measured by flow cytometry using fluorescent coloring and the activity of dismutase superoxide (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Glutathion Peroxidase (GPx) its were determined by spectrophotometric techniques and the protein levels by Western blot. The results indicate that in the cells WM35 the HA increases the production of H{sub 2}O{sub 2} in 96% and it diminishes lightly (17%) the levels of O{sub 2}{sup -} . On the contrary, the IR diminishes the levels of H{sub 2}O-2 in 47% and it increases in 46% those of O{sub 2}{sup -}. In the irradiated cells the HA power the decrease of H{sub 2}O{sub 2} produced by the IR. The variation of the enzymes activity is coincident with these changes in the levels of ROS: the treatment with HA increases the activity of SOD and it diminishes that of CAT in cells without irradiating; on the other hand, in the irradiated cells the HA it diminishes the SOD significantly. On the base of these results we can conclude that the levels of H{sub 2}O{sub 2} are directly related with the sensitivity of the cells WM35 to the IR. The HA is able to modulate the activity of the antioxidant enzymes and the levels of ROS. The IR activates cellular mechanisms that take to the radioresistance of these cells and that its interfere and/modifying the biological response mediated by the HA. (Author)

Life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology: importance in the integration of the fuel cell technology type PEMFC (proton exchange membrane fuel cells); Metodologia da analise de ciclo de vida: importancia na insercao da tecnologia de celula a combustivel do tipo PEMFC (membrana polimerica trocadora de protons)

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Fukurozaki, Sandra Harumi; Seo, Emilia Satoshi Miyamaru [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN/SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)). Centro de Ciencia e Tecnologia de Materiais], e-mail: shfukuro@ipen.br

2004-07-01

To improve the standard of society's quality of life, it is necessary to improve the quality of distributed energy and its inherent services within a sustainability process. Among different technological routes that produce more sustainable energy are the fuel cells - also known as combustible batteries. The Global Environment Facility (GEF) has identified the fuel cells as a potential technology to reduce, in the future, the effect of greenhouse gases in both developed and developing countries. Although there are various types of fuel cells, the most used technology for research studies on fuel cells is the Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells (FEMFC). However, economic issues - related to the high cost of the membrane's materials and of the catalysts of groups of platinum metals - are still some of the obstacles that need to be overcome for this technology to be more accessible. There are also socio-environmental aspects related to the impacts caused by the extraction, the use and the destination of these metals. Taking in consideration the challenges of complying with the demands of the market and the society as well as with the growing tendency of more rigid patterns of environmental control, the objective of the present work is to show the tool of environmental management - Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) - and its importance on the pursuit for socio-economic and environmental alternatives feasible to the recycling of the catalysts of platinum of the PEMFC. This way, it intends to collaborate to the progress of the knowledge about environmental and socio-economic subjects related to the productive process of the PEMFC. (author)

Application of PtSn/C catalysts and Nafion SiO{sub 2} membranes in direct ethanol fuel cell at high temperatures; Aplicacao de catalisadores PtSn/C e membranas Nafion SiO{sub 2} em celulas a combustivel de etanol direto em elevadas temperaturas

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Dresch, Mauro Andre

2014-07-01

This work has as objective to evaluate anodes and electrolytes in direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFC) operating at high temperature (130 deg C). As anode materials, electrocatalysts based on Pt Sn/C were prepared by Modified Polyol Method with various Pt:Sn atomic ratios. Such methodology promotes self organized electrocatalysts production with narrow particle size distribution and high alloying degree. The electrocatalysts were characterized by XRD, and CO stripping. The results showed that these materials presented high alloying degree and Eonset CO oxidation at lower potential as commercial materials. As electrolyte, Nafion-SiO{sub 2} hybrids were synthesized by sol-gel reaction, by the incorporation of oxide directly into the ionic aggregates of various kinds of Nafion membranes. The synthesis parameter, such sol-gel solvent, membrane thickness and silicon precursor concentration were studied in terms of silica incorporation degree and hybrid mechanical stability. Finally, the optimized anodes and electrolytes were evaluated in DEFC operating at 80 - 130 deg C temperature range. The results showed a significant improvement of the DEFC performance (122 mW cm{sup -2}), resulted from the acceleration of ethanol oxidation reaction rate due to anode material optimization and high temperature operation once the use of hybrids possibilities the increase of temperature without a significant conductivity loses. In this sense, the combination of optimized electrodes and electrolytes are a promising alternative for the development of these devices. (author)

Use of phyllosilicates in electrochemical devices: possible use of sepiolite as a support of catalysts in direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFC); Utilizacao de filosilicatos em dispositivos eletroquimicos: possivel uso da sepiolita como suporte de catalisadores em celulas a combustivel com uso direto de etanol (DAFC)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Parra-Silva, J.; Silva, A.C.; Mello-Castanho, S.R.H. [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil); Cerpa, A. [Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid (Spain)

2014-07-01

Direct alcohol Fuel cells (DAFC) are interesting to use Brazil for reasons of fuel logistics and availability. The catalysts used in these devices to promote the oxidation of alcohol at the anode need to be fixed on a substrate which must provide high specific surface area, porosity, chemical and thermal resistance, this target can be achieved with the characteristics sepiolite. This paper proposes sepiolite as catalyst support for DAFC. Sepiolite is a phyllosilicate with double layered tetrahedral silicon cells and fibrillar structure. Catalysts (Pt / Sb / Sn) were prepared by cation substitution method and tested by cyclic voltammetry. Techniques as XRD and FT-IR were also used for characterizing materials. Was obtained up to 35 mA / g (Pt) peak current (redox ethanol) indicating the possibility of sepiolite technology development to use un proposed purpose. (author)

Activación de celulas supresoras de la respuesta de hipersensibilidad tardía en ratones BALB/c infectados o vacunados con Leishmania mexicana pifanoi Activation of supressor cells of delayed hypersensitivity response in BALB/C mice infected or immunized with Leishmania mexicana pifanoi

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Hilda A. Pérez

1985-12-01

Full Text Available Los ratones BALB/c inmunizados SC con promastigotes no viables de Leishmania mexicana pifanoi, desarrollaron respuestas de hipersensibilidad tardia (RHT contra el parásito. En contraposición, los ratones BALB/c infectados crónicamente con L.m. pifanoi y aquellos inmunizados IV con una dosis supraóptima de parásitos muertos, mostraron inhibición de la RHT. La supresión de la RHT en los animales infectados, estuvo precedida por un estado transitorio de inmunidad celular, manifestado durante la fase inicial del desarrollo de las lesiones (4-12 semanas. La inhibición de la RHT observada en los animales infectados o inmunizados con dosis supraóptimas, fue causada por un mecanismo activo, transferible a receptores singénicos a través de las células esplénicas de los donantes suprimidos. La población de células supresoras fue no adherente a "nylon", sensible al tratamiento con un suero anti-timocitos de ratón y C', y de acción específica sobre la RHT contra antígenos leishmánicos. Se propone que la ocurrencia de células T supresoras de la RHT en los animales infectados crónicamente o inmunizados con dosis supraóptimas, es causada por el exceso de carga antigénica. Esta última, en el caso de los animales infectados, secundaria a una falla primaria en el control inmunológico de la población parasitaria.A T suppressor cell population that specifically shut down delayed hypersensitivity responses (DHR to the parasite was found in both BALB/c mice chronically infected with Leishmania mexicana pifanoi and in naive mice which had received a single IV supraoptimal dose of killed parasites. At the early phase of infection mice exhibited a transitory state of cell-mediated immunity against the parasite that was abrogated when lesions reached their accelerated phase of growth. Results suggest that in both infected and high-dose immunized mice, the activation of T suppressor cells of DHR is related to antigen overload.

Preparation and characterization of PVA/SSA membranes with Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} nanoparticles for fuel cell applications; Preparacao de caracterizacao de membranas de PVAL/SSA na presenca de nanoparticulas de Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} para aplicacao em celulas de combustivel

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oliveira, Paula N.; Pires, Alfredo T.N. [Grupo de Estudo em Materiais Polimericos - POLIMAT - UFSC, Florianopolis, SC (Brazil); Catarino, Margarida; Brandao, Lucia; Tanaka, Alfredo; Mendes, Adelio [Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Porto (Portugal)

2011-07-01

In the present study, PVA/SSA membranes were prepared with and without the addition of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} nanoparticles. Sulfosuccinic acid (SSA) was used as the crosslinking agent. Membranes were prepared with different amounts of SSA (26, 43 and 55 wt.%) and with 5 and 10 wt.% of nanoparticles. Crosslinking was performed at 90 degree C during 1.5 h. Membranes were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis, water absorption, ion exchange capacity (IEC) and proton conductivity. The results showed that control of the crosslinking conditions, IEC value, water absorption and polymer structure are of significant importance to obtain a set of properties suitable for application in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. (author)

Mioblastoma do pulmão

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J. Vizcaino

2000-07-01

Full Text Available RESUMO: O Mioblastoma de pulmão é um tumor raro, com origem nas células de Schwann, cujo modo de apresentação mais comum é a tosse e a toracalgia. Pode ser um achado radiológico ou endoscópico.O caso que apresentamos referese a um doente de sexo masculino, 55 anos de idade, carpinteiro, exfumador (52 UMA, com história de bronquite crónica (BC, que referia toracalgia esquerda desde há alguns meses, ouvindo-se na auscultação pulmonar um sibilo fixo na base do hemitórax esquerdo. A telerradiografia do tórax revelou apenas “paquipleurite residual na base do hemitórax direito”. A TAC torácica (com cortes nnos mostrou “discreta imagem nodular no apical do lobo inferior esquerdo (B6 e paquipleurite residual na base do hemitórax direito”. A broncofibroscopla revelou “sinais de BC e no segmento mais posterior do apical do lobo inferior esquerdo o esporão está um pouco esbranquiçado mas sem outras lesões”. Realizou biópsias a este nível que mostraram “tumor de celulas granulares-Mioblastoma”, pelo que foi submetido a lobectomia inferior esquerda cujo exame anatomopatológico da peça ressecada confirmou o diagnóstico. Desde então, o doente é seguido na nossa consulta mantendo a sua BC controlada e sem qualquer evidência de recidiva tumoral.A propósito fazem-se algumas considerações sobre este tipo de neoplasia do pulmão, cuja histogénese é desconhecida.REV PORT PNEUMOL 2000; VI (4: 323-330 ABSTRACT: Granular Cell Myoblastoma is a very rare lung tumor arising from Schwann cells. Cough and chest pain are the most frequent presenting symptoms. It can be also a X-ray or endoscopic finding.The present case is about a 55 years old carpenter, ex-smoker (52 pack-years, with chronic bronchitis. A left side chest pain lasting for several months was his main complain. A fixed wheeze could be beard on phisical observation

Life-cycle optimization model for distributed generation in buildings

Science.gov (United States)

Safaei, Amir

principal objetivo desta tese de doutoramento foi desenvolver um modelo para otimizar o desenho e operacao de sistemas de GD para o setor da construcao de edificios comerciais em Portugal, considerando os respetivos Impactes de Ciclo de Vida (IAVC) e Custos de Ciclo de Vida (CCV), de modo a satisfazer as necessidades energeticas do edificio. Tres tipos de tecnologias de cogeracao (Micro-Turbinas, Motores de combustao interna, e Celulas combustiveis de Oxido solido), e dois tipos de tecnologias de energia solar, solar termica e fotovoltaica, constituem os sistemas de GD que sao acoplados aos sistemas convencionais. Foi desenvolvido um modelo de CV, tendo em conta todos os impactes relacionados com a construcao e operacao dos sistemas de energia, bem como os processos a montante relacionados com a producao do GN. Em particular, o mix de GN consumido em Portugal em 2011 foi identificado (60% da Nigeria, 40% da Argelia) e os impactes relativos a cada uma das vias de abastecimento foram avaliados separadamente para quatro categorias de impacte ambiental: Consumo de Energia Primaria (CEP), Gases com Efeito de Estufa (GEE), acidificacao, e eutrofizacao. Devido a importancia das emissoes de GEE na formulacao de politicas, foi tambem realizada uma analise de incerteza as emissoes de GEE do GN fornecido a Portugal. Foi desenvolvido um modelo matematico, em linguagem de Programacao General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS), que utiliza os resultados da ACV dos sistemas de energia e as suas implicacoes economicas para minimizar o CCV e IACV ao longo de um horizonte de planeamento definido pelo decisor. Foram derivadas fronteiras otimas de Pareto, representando as relacoes entre o tipo de IACV (CEP, GEE, acidificacao, eutrofizacao) e CCV decorrentes da satisfacao das necessidades energeticas do edificio. Para aumentar a robustez do modelo, dada a incerteza dos precos dos combustiveis (GN e eletricidade), foi desenvolvido um modelo de custos robusto para os sistemas de GD, que e menos

Application of Tritiated Compounds to the Midge Chironomus and some Aspects of the Metabolism of Salivary Gland Chromosomes; Emploi de Composes Trities pour l'Etude du Chironome et de Certains Aspects du Metabolisme des Chromosomes des Glandes Salivaires; 041f 0440 0438 043c 0414 ; Aplicacion de Compuestos Tritiados a la Mosca Cbironomus y Algunos Aspectos del Metabolismo en los Cromosomas de las Glandulas Salivares

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pelling, C. [Max-Planck-Institut fuer Biologie, Tuebingen, Federal Republic of Germany (Germany)

1962-02-15

des chromosomes semble representee par la synthese de l'ARN, qui se produit en certains 'loci' distincts ('organiseurs' nucleaires, anneaux de Balbiani, nodules et bandes chromosomiques). L'auteur examine certains aspects caracteristiques de la synthese de l'ARN. (author) [Spanish] l.os autores realizaron sus investigaciones con los cromosomas de las glandulas salivares del Ghironomus tentans. La inyeccion do compuestos tritiados (timidina-{sup 3}H, uridina-{sup 3}H, aminoacidos {sup 3}H) en la hemolinfa de las larvas permite determinar en que lugar de los cromosomas gigantes se produce la incorporacion. Una vez fijadas las glandulas salivares, los autores obtuvieron autorradiografias de las preparaciones trituradas. Estas autorradiografias demuestran que los cromosomas gigantes son los mas adecuados para localizar la radiactividad en las estructuras cromosomicas con un grado de resolucion muy elevado. Determinando el tiempo y el grado aproximado de incorporacion, los autores han conseguido seguir en la celula la sintesis del ADN (timidina), del ARN (uridina) y de las proteinas. Las dos primeras tienen lugar exclusivamente en los cromosomas, contrariamente a lo que ocurre para la sintesis de las proteinas. Al parecer, la actividad fisiologica esencial de los cromosomas consiste en la sintesis del ARN, que se produce en ciertos lugares determinados (organizadores nucleares, anillos de Balbiani, y otras bandas cromosomicas). La memoria discute algunos aspectos de la sintesis del ARN. (author) [Russian] Provo- dilis' issledovanija hromosom sljunnoj zhelezy Chironomus tentans. Tretiro- vannye soedinenija ({sup 3}N-timidin, {sup 3}N-uridin, {sup 3}N-aminokisloty), vvedennye v gemolimf lichinki, dolzhny ukazyvat' mesta pogloshhenija v bol'shih hromosomah. Posle fiksacii sljunnyh zhelez byli sdelany radioavtogrammy mjagkoj massy. Radioavtogrammy pokazyvajut, chto bol'shie hromosomy javljajutsja bolee pod- hodjashhimi dlja lokalizacii aktivnosti u hromosomnyh struktur s

A new model for commercially sustainable renewable energy-based rural electrification in Indonesia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Walt, Robb [Integrated Power Corporation-Indonesia, (United states)

1995-12-31

] Las rapidas crecientes demandas y los requerimientos de acceso a la electricidad por todas las areas remotas de Indonesia juntamente con los subsidios de mas de $500 millones de dolares para la electrificacion rural han forzado al gobierno de Indonesia a buscar alternativas al modelo convencional de empresa de servicios electricos para la electrificacion rural. En 1992-1993 se llevo a cabo un estudio en colaboracion con la Agencia para la Aplicacion y la Evaluacion de Tecnologia (BPPT)del Gobierno de Indonesia y la Empresa Nacional de Energia Electrica (PLN) para apoyar la busqueda de soluciones sustentables para la electrificacion de comunidades remotas. Este estudio produjo un Nuevo Modelo comercial para la electrificacion de comunidades rurales fuera de la red en Indonesia con servicios de la calidad de empresa electrica. Este nuevo modelo esta caracterizado por el uso de nuevas tecnologias para la generacion, distribucion y ventas de electricidad. La clave del exito del nuevo modelo son las plantas electricas hibridas basadas en energia renovable y en el uso de medidores flexibles suministradores de energia bajo demanda. Las tarifas estimadas para el servicio de electricidad estan basadas en las cantidades que actualmente se pagan por los propietarios de casas rurales por keroseno, velas y servicios de baterias a diferentes niveles de ingreso. El estudio mostro que la mayor parte de los propietarios de casa estan deseosos y tienen la capacidad para pagar cantidades adicionales por valiosos servicios confiables de electricidad del grado de empresa de servicios electricos, tales como mejor alumbrado, entretenimiento de television y para usos productivos (economicos) durante las horas diurnas. Se llevo a cabo una evaluacion financiera en sistemas hibridos de energia electrica en comunidades fuera de la red con ganancias generadas en base a las tarifas del mercado y cobradas mediante nueva tecnologia para la compra de electricidad y pago anticipado en base a un

Predictive factors of breast cancer evaluated by immunohistochemistry Fatores preditivos do câncer de mama avaliados pela imuno-histoqu��mica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Helenice Gobbi

2008-04-01

melhorar os resultados da IHQ, porém não recupera tecidos com autólise ou com excessiva fixação. A escolha do anticorpo primário para a IHQ, considerando sua sensibilidade e sua especificidade de acordo com a resposta terapêutica, representa uma importante etapa. Além de anticorpos monoclonais de camundongo, novos anticorpos monoclonais de coelho são comercialmente disponíveis, tais como clones SP1 e B644 anti-RE, SP2 e B645 anti-RP, e SP3 e 4B5 anti-Her2. Eles representam uma alternativa para avaliação de receptores hormonais e Her2 através da IHQ. Novos sistemas de detecção poliméricos não-biotinilados também são disponíveis e permitem marcação exata e forte sem marcação estromal ou citoplasmática inespecífica devido à biotina endógena. O cut off mais recomendado para receptor de estrogênio (RE e receptor de progesterona (RP é acima de 1% de células positivas com marcação moderada ou forte (sistema de escore de Allred. Novas recomendações para avaliação de Her2 através da IHQ apontam um cut off de mais de 30% de células positivas com marcação forte (3+, que melhor se relaciona com amplificação gênica. Os casos 2+ são agora considerados indeterminados e devem ser confirmados por hibridação in situ por fluorescência (FISH ou hibridização in situ colorimétrica (CISH. Um controle de qualidade de fases pré-analítica, analítica e pós-analítica da IHQ é recomendado para a otimização dos resultados.

Efeito da autofecundação em cultivares de abacaxi Effects of self pollination in pineapple cultivars

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Renato Santos Cabral

2003-04-01

Full Text Available O elevado nível de heterozigose dos parentais utilizados em hibridações é a principal causa da baixa eficiência dos programas de melhoramento genético do abacaxizeiro em gerar novas cultivares. Por outro lado, os efeitos da autofecundação são pouco conhecidos em abacaxi, mas esta estratégia pode proporcionar avanços significativos no melhoramento desta planta. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo observar os efeitos da autofecundação em cultivares de abacaxi. Inflorescências das cultivares Primavera, Perolera, Roxo-de-Tefé, Pérola e Smooth Cayenne foram protegidas antes da antese para possibilitar a ocorrência de autofecundação. As sementes produzidas foram germinadas em câmara de crescimento, utilizando-se como substrato do meio de cultura MS, suplementado com 30 g.L-1 de sacarose e solidificado com 2 g.L-1 de "Phytagel. Durante a germinação, observou-se que cerca de 16% das sementes de 'Roxo-de-Tefé' produziram plântulas albinas. Foram obtidas 43 plantas a partir de 'Primavera', cinco de 'Perolera', onze de 'Roxo-de-Tefé' e nenhuma de 'Pérola' e 'Smooth Cayenne'. Todas as plantas da progênie de 'Primavera' apresentaram folhas sem espinhos nos bordos ("piping", evidenciando homozigose para esta característica, enquanto na progênie de 'Perolera' três plantas evidenciaram folhas sem espinhos nos bordos e duas com folhas espinhosas, segregando para o caráter espinescência. Na descendência de 'Roxo-de-Tefé', oito plantas apresentaram folhas de cor roxa e três com folhas verdes, com segregação para a cor da folha, mas todas evidenciaram folhas com espinhos no bordo. As baixas porcentagens de germinação, o crescimento lento e o baixo vigor observados nas plantas em casa de vegetação, viveiro e campo, evidenciaram a ocorrência de depressão por endogamia nestas fases de desenvolvimento.The high level of heterozygosis of parentals used to generate pineapple hybrids has resulted in low efficiency of the

Produção e qualidade da moranga híbrida em resposta a doses de nitrogênio Yield and quality of hybrid squash (pumpkin in response to nitrogen doses

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marinalva W Pedrosa

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Foram avaliados os efeitos de doses de N na produção e qualidade da moranga hibrida cv. Tetsukabuto (Takaima F1 em experimento na EPAMIG Centro Oeste, Prudente de Morais (MG, de 25/08 a 03/12/2008. Foram avaliadas cinco doses de nitrogênio (0; 37,5; 75; 150; 300 kg ha-1, na forma de uréia, divididas em quatro aplicações (30% no plantio, 20% aos 20 dias, 30% aos 40 dias e 20% aos 60 dias após a emergência, num delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. As doses de N influenciaram significativamente as características avaliadas. O número de frutos aumentou de 2.498 ao ponto de máximo de 6.794 frutos ha-1 com a aplicação de 219 kg ha-1 de N. O diâmetro e a espessura da polpa do fruto aumentaram de 14,97 e 2,33 cm, até atingirem os pontos máximos de 17,74 e 2,80 cm nas doses de 171 e 128 kg ha-1 de N, respectivamente. O teor de sólidos solúveis na polpa de frutos de moranga híbrida aumentou com o aumento das doses de N observando-se com a aplicação de 300 kg ha-1 de N teor de 8ºBrix. A produtividade de frutos foi também influenciada pelas doses de N estimando-se como valor máximo 11,55 t ha-1 de frutos com a aplicação de 300 kg ha-1 de N. A dose estimada de N relativa à máxima eficiência econômica foi obtida com a aplicação de 262 kg ha-1, considerando os preços de R$ 2,41 kg-1 de N e de R$ 560,00 t-1 de moranga.An experiment was carried out at EPAMIG Centro Oeste, Prudente de Morais, Minas Gerais state, Brazil, from August 25 to December 2, 2008, to evaluate the effects of N rates on production and quality of hybrid squash cv. Tetsukabuto (Takaima F1. The treatments were five N rates (0, 37.5, 75, 150, 300 kg ha-1, as urea, split in four applications (30% at planting date, 20% at 20 days, 30% at 40 days and 20% at 60 days after emergence in a randomized complete block design, with four replications. The N rates significantly affected the characteristics evaluated. The number of fruits

A new model for commercially sustainable renewable energy-based rural electrification in Indonesia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Walt, Robb [Integrated Power Corporation-Indonesia, (United states)

1996-12-31

] Las rapidas crecientes demandas y los requerimientos de acceso a la electricidad por todas las areas remotas de Indonesia juntamente con los subsidios de mas de $500 millones de dolares para la electrificacion rural han forzado al gobierno de Indonesia a buscar alternativas al modelo convencional de empresa de servicios electricos para la electrificacion rural. En 1992-1993 se llevo a cabo un estudio en colaboracion con la Agencia para la Aplicacion y la Evaluacion de Tecnologia (BPPT)del Gobierno de Indonesia y la Empresa Nacional de Energia Electrica (PLN) para apoyar la busqueda de soluciones sustentables para la electrificacion de comunidades remotas. Este estudio produjo un Nuevo Modelo comercial para la electrificacion de comunidades rurales fuera de la red en Indonesia con servicios de la calidad de empresa electrica. Este nuevo modelo esta caracterizado por el uso de nuevas tecnologias para la generacion, distribucion y ventas de electricidad. La clave del exito del nuevo modelo son las plantas electricas hibridas basadas en energia renovable y en el uso de medidores flexibles suministradores de energia bajo demanda. Las tarifas estimadas para el servicio de electricidad estan basadas en las cantidades que actualmente se pagan por los propietarios de casas rurales por keroseno, velas y servicios de baterias a diferentes niveles de ingreso. El estudio mostro que la mayor parte de los propietarios de casa estan deseosos y tienen la capacidad para pagar cantidades adicionales por valiosos servicios confiables de electricidad del grado de empresa de servicios electricos, tales como mejor alumbrado, entretenimiento de television y para usos productivos (economicos) durante las horas diurnas. Se llevo a cabo una evaluacion financiera en sistemas hibridos de energia electrica en comunidades fuera de la red con ganancias generadas en base a las tarifas del mercado y cobradas mediante nueva tecnologia para la compra de electricidad y pago anticipado en base a un

Preliminary analysis for implementation of a hybrid solar-wind system with storage of electrical energy generated through electrolytic hydrogen and fuel cells; Analise preliminar para implementacao de um sistema hibrido solar-eolico com armazenamento da energia eletrica gerada atraves de hidrogenio eletrolitico e celula a combustivel

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lopes, Daniel Gabriel; Furlan, Andre Luis; Lopes, Davi Gabriel [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (FEM/UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Fac. de Engenharia Mecanica], e-mail: danielg@fem.unicamp.br; Silva, Ennio Peres; Apolinario, Fernando Resende [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (IFGW/UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Inst. de Fisica Gleb Wataghin. Lab. de Hidrogenio; Silva, Maria Eugenia Vieira da; Rocha, Paulo Alexandre Costa [Universidade Federal do Ceara (UFC), Fortaleza, CE (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia Mecanica e de Producao; Codeceira Neto, Alcides [Companhia Hidro Eletrica do Sao Francisco (CHESF), Recife, PE (Brazil)

2008-07-01

Due to relevance of the study and applicability of hybrid electric power generation from solar photovoltaic and wind power in Brazil, the present paper aims to introduce briefly the importance of technical and economic comparison of two electrical energy storage technologies (batteries versus H2 + fuel cell) and also to indicate the previous difficulties related to this possible application. In this context, it was intended a partnership between State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, the Federal University of Ceara - UFC and Hydro Electric Company of the Sao Francisco - CHESF in the meaning of makes viable an implementation. (author)

Locally advanced lung cancer non small cell (CBPLANPC): determination of the volumes of and tac mi bi radiotherapy: randomized phase II; Cancer de pulmon localmente avanzado no a pequeñas celulas(CBPLANPC): determinacion de los volumenes de radioterapia por mibi y tac: ensayo fase II

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Quarneti, A.; Alonso, O.; De Rosa, A.; García Fontes, M.; Luongo Gardi, A.; Castillo, C.; Delgado, L.; Pintado, D.; Dalla Rossa, M.; Guerrero, L.; Lillo, O.; Luongo Gardi, M.; Castaño, A.; Luongo, A.; De Trapani, E.; Torres, M. [Departamentos de Oncología, Imagenología, Medicina Nuclear del Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Montevideo (Uruguay)

2010-12-15

Full text: However there are few clinical situations that allow treatment appropriate surgical. Chemoradiation treatment has shown results above, however the amount of radiation treatment in general is large, determines morbidity and limited in part to receive the final dose as already reported in previous Congresses Uruguayans Oncology 2000 and 2002 where it rarely Local control was obtained. They inform you of the need to limit treatment volumes radiant disease or biological tumor volume (VTB) using complementary imaging procedures. Objective: To determine the radiation treatment volumes contributing MIBI clarify the VTB. Compare those figures with those established by the TAC. To analyze the intra and extra faults VTB and analyze treatment with RT type ''Involved Field'' or involved field RT (IF) Materrial and Methods: This project Conclusions: This proposal identifies problems and opportunities, proposes institutional development of the SOR network under one management model.

Induced thermal ablation with a radiofrequency field in breast cancer cells using gold nanoparticles conjugated to the peptide cycle[RGDfK(C)]; Termoablacion inducida con un campo de radiofrecuencia en celulas de cancer de mama utilizando nanoparticulas de oro conjugadas al peptido ciclo[RGDfK(C)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sanchez H, L.

2014-07-01

The conjugation of peptides to gold nanoparticles (AuNP) produces biocompatible and stable multimeric systems with target-specific molecular recognition. Peptides based on the cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence have been reported as high-affinity agents for the α(v)β(3) and α(v)β(v) integrin s over expressed in breast cancer cells. AuNP have also been proposed as localized heat sources for cancer treatment using laser irradiation or radiofrequency (RF). The objective of this research was to evaluate the thermo ablative effect of the AuNP-c [RGDfK(C)] system on MCF7 breast cancer cell viability after exposure to a radiofrequency field and to compare it with that produced by the laser irradiation. The effect of the 13.56 MHz RF (using a power from 0 to 200 W at intervals of 50 W) over the temperature increase in AuNP-colloidal system of 5 and 20 nm at two different concentrations was evaluated. The absorption cross sections (C{sub abs}) of the AuNP-c [RGDfK(C)] nano system when it interacts with low frequency electromagnetic waves (13.56 MHz, λ = 22 m) and optical frequency waves (laser at λ = 532 nm) was analyzed based on the Mi e theory. The effect on the MCF7 cell viability was assessed using two thermal conversion sources (Laser and RF) on AuNP-c [RGDfK(C)] located inside the cytoplasm of the cells. MCF7 cells were treated with AuNP-c [RGDfK(C)] or water after exposure to the RF field (200 W, 100 V/cm) or laser irradiation (Irradiance 0.65 W/cm{sup 2}). In both cases (RF and laser) the presence of nanoparticles internalized inside the cells caused a significant increase in the temperature of the medium (RF: ΔT = 29.9 ± 1.7 grades C for AuNP compared toΔT = 13.0 ± 1.4 grades C for water; laser: ΔT = 13.5 ± 0.7 grades C for AuNP compared to 3.3 ± 0.5 grades C for water). Although RF induced a higher increase in the temperature of the medium with nanoparticles, the largest effect on the cell viability was produced by laser when nanoparticles were located inside the cells (8.7 ± 0.7 % for laser compared to 19.4 ± 0.9 % for RF). The differences obtained in C{sub abs} values (laser: 3.7x10{sup -16} m{sup 2}; RF: 7.9x10{sup -23} m{sup 2}) and the observed effect on MCF7 cell viability support two mechanisms proposed -optical frequency wave energy absorption by AuNP- when laser is used as a thermal conversion source, and -energy attenuation of the low frequency electromagnetic wave propagating through the AuNP-colloidal system- when RF field is applied. The AuNP-c[RGDfK(C)] nano system shows suitable properties to improve hyperthermia treatments under laser irradiation due to a larger heat release inside cells. (Author)

Prepared thin laminae of CuInS{sub 2} by means of evaporation in flow modulated for its application like absorbents in solar cells; Laminas delgadas de CuInS{sub 2} preparadas mediante evaporacion en flujo modulado para su aplicacion como absorbentes en celulas solares

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bollero, A.; Trigo, J. F.; Herrero, J.; Gutierrez, M. T.

2008-07-01

The Department of energy of CIEMAT focuses one of its research lines on the preparation of CuInS{sub 2} films to be used as absorber in solar cells. this work shows the influence of the different process parameters (deposition sequence, modulation of the evaporation flux of the constituent elements,...) on the morphology and the optical properties of the final films. A simplified evaporation procedure has allowed the preparation of CuInS{sub 2} films with a low Cu content. this avoids the necessity of applying subsequent toxic treatment for removal of the CuS phase prior to implementation of the film as absorber in the solar cell device. (Author)

Evidence about chlorophyllin can function as an inhibitor or promoter of induced genetic damage by gamma radiation in Drosophila somatic cells; Evidencia de que la clorofilina puede funcionar como un inhibidor o un promotor del dano genetico inducido por radiacion gamma en celulas somaticas de Drosophila

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pimentel, A.E.; Cruces, M.P.; Zimmering, S.I. [Departamento de Biologia, ININ, A.P. 18-1027, 11801 Mexico D.F. (Mexico)

2000-07-01

The irradiation of the individuals that had been feed during 24 hours with a chlorophyllin solution at 5 % was delayed from 0 until 4 days. The protector effect of chlorophyllin persisted by 3 days and it appears to coincide with the stage when stopping the mitotic divisions in the imagal disk. Within of the same cellular population, it was demonstrated that chlorophyllin can function as an inhibitor, in the case of simple stains mwh or a potentiator in the case of twin stains and the flr type stains. It was planned an explanation for these results. (Author)

Study of the oxygen reduction reaction using Pt-Rare earths (La, Ce, Er) electrocatalysts for application of PEM fuel cells; Estudo da reacao de reducao do oxigenio utilizando eletrocatalisadores a base de Pt-terras raras (La, Ce, Er) para aplicacao em celulas a combustivel tipo PEM

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gomes, Thiago Bueno

2013-07-01

The complexity of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and its potential losses make it responsible for the most part of efficiency losses at the Fuel Cells. For this reaction the electrocatalyst witch is most appropriated and shows better performance is platinum, a noble metal that elevates the cost, raising barriers for Fuel Cells technology to enter the market. First this work focuses on reducing the amount of platinum used in the cathode, by being replaced by rare earths. The most common methods of synthesis involves a large amount of steps and this work proposed to prepare the electrocatalyst through a simpler way that would not take so many steps and time to be done. Using an ultrasound mixer the electrocatalyst was prepared mixing platinum supported on carbon black and the rare earths lanthanum, cerium and erbium oxides to be applied in a half-cell study of the ORR. The Koutecky-Levich plots shows that among the electrocatalysts prepared the Pt80Ce20/C had the catalytic activity close to the commercial BASF platinum on carbon black, suggesting that the reaction was taken by the 4-electron path. As found in some works in literature, among the rare earth used to study the ORR, cerium is the one witch shows the better performance because it is able to store and provide oxygen. This feature is of great interest for the ORR because this reaction is first order to the oxygen concentration. Results show that is possible to reduce the amount of platinum maintaining the same electrocatalyst activity. (author)

Studies on the efficiency during reactivation of a generation system based on natural gas reformer and a 5 k W fuel cell; Estudos de eficiencia durante reativacao de um sistema de geracao baseado em reformador de gas natural e celula a combustivel de 5 kW

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lopes, Francisco da Costa; Furtado, Jose Geraldo de Melo; Silva Junior, Fernando Rodrigues da; Serra, Eduardo Torres [Centro de Pesquisas de Energia Eletrica (CEPEL), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)]. E-mail: fcl@cepel.br

2008-07-01

Fuel cell based power generation systems have been pointing as promising technology for stationary applications mainly to supply power to critical loads. Among several types of fuel cells the Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) are the main type used around the world. Nowadays reformers are widely employed to produce hydrogen for fuel cells. The Fuel Cell Laboratory of CEPEL has a power plant based on a 5 kW PEMFC and a natural gas reformer. For a long time the PEMFC was inoperable due to reformer malfunctioning and during this time the full power availability of PEMFC was lost due to deactivation of its catalytic sites. In most cases this deactivation is reversible. So it was started a reactivation process aiming to recover the full operational condition of the PEMFC unit. During this process the gas flow relationship and efficiency of the reformer were studied. An analysis of the PEMFC reactivation was conducted where it was noted that the reactivation took place as expected. During the reactivation process the PEMFC and the whole system efficiency were analyzed. The results suggest that the PEMFC can reach efficiency compatible with conventional power generation systems thus allowing PEMFC technology to compete with these energy sources in point of efficiency. (author)

Development of a membrane electrode as assembly production process for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) by sieve printing; Desenvolvimento de processo de producao de conjuntos eletrodo-membrana-eletrodo para celulas a combustivel baseadas no uso de membrana polimerica conditora de protons (PEMFC) por impressa a tela

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bonifacio, Rafael Nogueira

2010-07-01

Energy is a resource that presents historical trend of growth in demand. Projections indicate that future energy needs will require a massive use of hydrogen as fuel. The use of systems based on the use of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has features that allow its application for stationary applications, automotive and portable power generation. The use of hydrogen as fuel for PEMFC has the advantage low pollutants' emission, when compared to fossil fuels. For the reactions in a PEMFC is necessary to build membrane electrode assembly (MEA). And the production of MEAs and its materials are relevant to the final cost of k W of power generated by systems of fuel cell. This represent currently a technological and financial barriers to large-scale application of this technology. In this work a process of MEAs fabrication were developed that showed high reproducibility, rapidity and low cost by sieve printing. The process of sieve printing and the ink composition as a precursor to the catalyst layer were developed, which allow the preparation of electrodes for MEAs fabrication with the implementation of the exact catalyst loading, 0.6 milligrams of platinum per square centimeters (mgPt.cm{sup -2}) suitable for cathodes and 0.4 mgPt.cm{sup -2} for anode in only one application step per electrode. The ink was developed, produced, characterized and used with similar characteristics to ink of sieve printing build for other applications. The MEAs produced had a performance of up to 712 m A.cm{sup -2} by 600 mV to 25 cm{sup 2} MEA area. The MEA cost production for MEAs of 247.86 cm{sup 2}, that can generate 1 kilowatt of energy was estimated to US$ 7,744.14 including cost of equipment, materials and labor. (author)

Cultivation and irradiation of human fibroblasts in a medium enriched with platelet lysate for obtaining feeder layer in epidermal cell culture; Cultivo e irradiacao de fibroblastos humanos em meio enriquecido com lisado de plaquetas para obtencao de camada de sustentacao em culturas de celulas da epiderme

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yoshito, Daniele

2011-07-01

For over 30 years, the use of culture medium, enriched with bovine serum, and murines fibroblasts, with the rate of proliferation controlled by irradiation or by share anticarcinogenic drugs, has been playing successfully its role in assisting in the development of keratinocytes in culture, for clinical purposes. However, currently there is a growing concern about the possibility of transmitting prions and animals viruses to transplanted patients. Taking into account this concern, the present work aims to cultivate human fibroblasts in a medium enriched with human platelets lysate and determine the irradiation dose of these cells, for obtaining feeder layer in epidermal cell culture. For carrying out the proposed objective, platelets lysis has standardized, this lysate was used for human fibroblasts cultivation and the irradiation dose enough to inhibit its duplication was evaluated. Human keratinocytes were cultivated in these feeder layers, in culture medium enriched with the lysate. With these results we conclude that the 10% platelets lysate promoted a better adhesion and proliferation of human fibroblasts and in all dose levels tested (60 to 300 Gy), these had their mitotic activity inactivated by ionizing irradiation, being that the feeder layers obtained with doses from 70 to 150 Gy were those that provided the best development of keratinocytes in medium containing 2.5% of human platelet lysate. Therefore, it was possible to standardize both the cultivation of human fibroblasts as its inactivation for use as feeder layer in culture of keratinocytes, so as to eliminate xenobiotics components. (author)

Electrolytic hydrogen production at off-peak consumption and his utilization as energy vector at peak consumption through use of fuel cells; Producao de hidrogenio eletrolitico nos horarios fora de ponta e sua utilizacao como vetor energetico nos horarios de ponta atraves do uso de celulas a combustivel

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gambetta, Francielle [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica. Dept. de Energia]. E-mail: fgambetta@fem.unicamp.br; Silva, Ennio Peres da [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Inst. de Fisica. Lab. de Hidrogenio

2008-07-01

Due the fact that consumers have different demand, depending on the pace of economic activities and their daily habits of consumption, there is a different electrical demand throughout the day. Demand, in general, is minimal during the morning and it grows with the move for hours to reach peak consumption between 18:00 and 22:00, then turning to fall. It is old the idea of storing electricity produced in off-peak for its consumption in peak hours. To store large amounts of electrical power is required its conversion into some other form of energy, since it is impossible to store electrical energy as such in large quantities. One way of storing electricity is in the form of hydrogen produced by electrolysis of water which then can be stored, purified and converted into electricity through fuel cells. When there is an increase in demand for electricity, there is a need to expand the supply of energy, which means investments in generation, transmission and distribution. This work was performed a preliminary analysis of the production of electrolytic hydrogen in hours of low demand and its use in the generation of electricity in peak hours, making use of the fuel cells, so that to a certain limit value of increased electricity demand, there is no need for expansion of supply of Foz do Iguacu/PR. Moreover, at this work, the ability to harness the heat generated in fuel cells for heating water in homes was considered. (author)

Evaluation and application of PEMFC fuel cell's technologies developed at IPEN applied to a 500 W{sub e} fuel cell stack; Avaliacao e aplicacao de tecnologias de celulas a combustivel tipo PEMFC desenvolvida no IPEN em um modulo de 500 W{sub e} de potencia nominal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cunha, Edgar Ferrari da

2009-07-01

This work is part of a research project on PEMFC technologies carried out in IPEN to develop and optimize a 500 W{sub e} fuel cell stack. The MEAs scaling up from 25 cm{sup 2} to 144 cm{sup 2} produced by the method of sieve printing; computational fluid dynamics by computer simulation of gas flow channels in bipolar plates using COMSOL{sup R} program and the use of Pt/C electrodes developed by alcohol reduction method in single cells were used to build a stack of 500 W{sub e} nominal power for possible commercial applications, produced with national technology and industrial support. A 100 hours fuel cell's test was carried out in a 144 cm{sup 2} single cell to study the stability of the MEA fabricated by sieve printing method. This single cell showed good stability within this period of time. The developed stack has reached the maximum power of 574 W{sub e} at 100 A (694.4 mA cm{sup -2}). The operating power of 500 W{sub e} was obtained at 77.7 A (540.1 mA cm{sup -2}) and potential of 6.43 V, with efficiency of 43.3%. In terms of cogeneration, the thermal power or generated heat by the stack was 652 W{sub t}. The initial estimated cost for the 500 W{sub e} stack was about R$ 4,500.00, considering only the used materials for its construction. (author)

Intracellular labeling and quantification process by magnetic resonance imaging using iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles in rat C6 glioma cell line; Marcacao intracelular e processo de quantificacao por imagem por ressonancia magnetica utilizando nanoparticulas magneticas de oxido de ferro em celulas da linhagem C6 de glioma de rato

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mamani, Javier Bustamante; Pavon, Lorena Favaro; Sibov, Tatiana Tais; Rossan, Fabiana; Silveira, Paulo Henrique; Cardenas, Walter Humberto; Gamarra, Lionel Fernel, E-mail: javierbm@einstein.br [Instituto do Cerebro - InCe, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein - HIAE, Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil); Miyaki, Liza Aya Mabuchi [Faculdade de Enfermagem, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein - HIAE, Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil); Amaro Junior, Edson [Departamento de Diagnostico por Imagem e Instituto do Cerebro - InCe, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein - HIAE, Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

2012-04-15

Objective: To assess intracellular labeling and quantification by magnetic resonance imaging using iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles coated with biocompatible materials in rat C6 glioma cells in vitro. These methods will provide direction for future trials of tumor induction in vivo as well as possible magnetic hyperthermia applications. Methods: Aminosilane, dextran, polyvinyl alcohol, and starch-coated magnetic nanoparticles were used in the qualitative assessment of C6 cell labeling via light microscopy. The influence of the transfection agent poly-L-lysine on cellular uptake was examined. The quantification process was performed by relaxometry analysis in T{sub 1} and T{sub 2} weighted phantom images. Results: Light microscopy revealed that the aminosilane-coated magnetic nanoparticles alone or complexed with poly-L-lysine showed higher cellular uptake than did the uncoated magnetic particles. The relaxactivities of the aminosilane-coated magnetic nanoparticles with a hydrodynamic diameter of 50nm to a 3-T field were r{sub 1}=(6.1 +- 0.3) x10{sup -5} ms{sup -1}mL/{mu}g, r{sub 2}=(5.3 +- 0.1) x 10{sup -4} ms{sup -1}mL/{mu}g, with a ratio of r{sub 2} / r{sub 1}{approx_equal} 9. The iron uptake in the cells was calculated by analyzing the relaxation rates (R{sub 1}and R{sub 2}) using a mathematical relationship. Conclusions: C6 glioma cells have a high uptake efficiency for aminosilane-coated magnetic nanoparticles complexed with the transfection agent poly-L-lysine. The large ratio r{sub 2} / r{sub 1}{approx_equal} 9 indicates that these magnetic nanoparticles are ideal for quantification by magnetic resonance imaging with T{sub 2}-weighted imaging techniques. (author)

Evaluation of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells labeling with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles coated with dextran and complexed with Poly-L-Lysine; Avaliacao da marcacao de celulas-tronco mesenquimais de cordao umbilical com nanoparticulas superparamagneticas de oxido de ferro recobertas com Dextran e complexadas a Poli-L-Lisina

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sibov, Tatiana Tais; Mamani, Javier Bustamante; Pavon, Lorena Favaro; Cardenas, Walter Humberto; Gamarra, Lionel Fernel, E-mail: tatianats@einstein.br [Instituto do Cerebro - InCe, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein - HIAE, Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil); Miyaki, Liza Aya Mabuchi [Faculdade de Enfermagem, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein - HIAE, Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil); Marti, Luciana Cavalheiro; Sardinha, Luiz Roberto [Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein - HIAE, Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil); Oliveira, Daniela Mara de [Universidade de Brasilia - UnB, Brasilia, DF (Brazil)

2012-04-15

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the labeling of umbilical cord vein derived mesenchymal stem cells with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles coated with dextran and complexed to a non-viral transfector agent transfector poly-L-lysine. Methods: The labeling of mesenchymal stem cells was performed using the superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles/dextran complexed and not complexed to poly-L-lysine. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles/dextran was incubated with poly-L-lysine in an ultrasonic sonicator at 37 deg C for 10 minutes for complex formation superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles/dextran/poly-L-lysine by electrostatic interaction. Then, the mesenchymal stem cells were incubated overnight with the complex superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles/dextran/poly-L-lysine and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles/dextran. After the incubation period the mesenchymal stem cells were evaluated by internalization of the complex superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles/dextran/polyL-lysine and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles/dextran by Prussian Blue stain. Cellular viability of labeled mesenchymal stem cells was evaluated by cellular proliferation assay using 5,6-carboxyfluorescein-succinimidyl ester method and apoptosis detection by Annexin V- Propidium Iodide assay. Results: mesenchymal stem cells labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles/ dextran without poly-L-lysine not internalized efficiently the superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles due to its low presence detected within cells. Mesenchymal stem cells labeled with the complex superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles/dextran/polyL-lysine efficiently internalized the superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles due to greater presence in the cells interior. The viability and apoptosis assays demonstrated that the mesenchymal stem cells labeled and not labeled respectively with the superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles/dextran/poly-L-lysine continue to proliferate over seven days and the percentage of cells in early or late apoptosis is low compared to the percentage of live cells over the three days. Conclusion: Our results showed that the use of poly-L-lysine complexed with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles/dextran provides better internalization of these superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in mesenchymal stem cells Thus, we demonstrated that this type of labeling is not cytotoxic to the mesenchymal stem cells, since the viability and apoptosis assays showed that the cells remain alive and proliferating. The efficiency of this type of labeling in mesenchymal stem cells can provide non-invasive methods for monitoring these cells in vivo. (author)

Evaluation and application of PEMFC fuel cell's technologies developed at IPEN applied to a 500 W{sub e} fuel cell stack; Avaliacao e aplicacao de tecnologias de celulas a combustivel tipo PEMFC desenvolvida no IPEN em um modulo de 500 W{sub e} de potencia nominal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cunha, Edgar Ferrari da

2009-07-01

This work is part of a research project on PEMFC technologies carried out in IPEN to develop and optimize a 500 W{sub e} fuel cell stack. The MEAs scaling up from 25 cm{sup 2} to 144 cm{sup 2} produced by the method of sieve printing; computational fluid dynamics by computer simulation of gas flow channels in bipolar plates using COMSOL{sup R} program and the use of Pt/C electrodes developed by alcohol reduction method in single cells were used to build a stack of 500 W{sub e} nominal power for possible commercial applications, produced with national technology and industrial support. A 100 hours fuel cell's test was carried out in a 144 cm{sup 2} single cell to study the stability of the MEA fabricated by sieve printing method. This single cell showed good stability within this period of time. The developed stack has reached the maximum power of 574 W{sub e} at 100 A (694.4 mA cm{sup -2}). The operating power of 500 W{sub e} was obtained at 77.7 A (540.1 mA cm{sup -2}) and potential of 6.43 V, with efficiency of 43.3%. In terms of cogeneration, the thermal power or generated heat by the stack was 652 W{sub t}. The initial estimated cost for the 500 W{sub e} stack was about R$ 4,500.00, considering only the used materials for its construction. (author)

{beta} -carotene effect the induction of the sister chromatid exchanges (ICH) by gamma radiation in mouse radiosensibilized osseous marrow cells In vivo; Efecto del {beta}- caroteno la induccion de intercambios en las cromatidas hermanas (ICH) por radiacion gamma en celulas radiosensibilizadas de la medula osea de raton In vivo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Morales R, P.; Cruz V, V.L. [Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, A.P. 18-1027, 11801 Mexico D.F. (Mexico). Dept. de Biologia

1997-07-01

The effect of {beta}- carotene over the ICH radioinduction in radiosensibilized with BrdU osseous marrow cells of mouse was determined In vivo. The treatment with 50 {mu}g {beta} carotene per se induces a significant increment in the ICH frequency and the pre or post-treatment with the same dose causes an additive effect in the ICH frequency produced by 0.62 Gy of gamma radiation. This implies that {beta}- carotene does not have radioprotective activity, under conditions which was developed this experiment. (Author)

Comparação entre métodos para testar a viabilidade de pólen de pessegueiro Comparison among methods for testing pollen viability

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patrícia Milech Einhardt

2006-04-01

Full Text Available Para o sucesso das hibridações controladas, é importante que o pólen a ser utilizado tenha boa viabilidade (> 30%. Os métodos para testá-la podem ser classificados em quatro tipos: 1- uso de corantes; 2-germinação in vitro; 3- germinação in vivo; 4- porcentagem de frutificação efetiva, obtida com a utilização do pólen em teste. No presente trabalho, realizado em agosto de 2004, fez-se uma comparação entre os três primeiros métodos citados acima, utilizando-se de amostras de pólen de pessegueiro, coletadas em 2003, de cinco cultivares: Esmeralda, Eldorado, Granada, Maciel e Vanguarda. O meio de cultura utilizado para a germinação in vitro foi constituído de 10g de açúcar cristal e 1g de ágar para 100ml de água destilada. Para a germinação in vivo foram emasculadas e polinizadas, em laboratório, flores de ramos coletados no campo e mantidos em frascos com água. Seguiu-se a metodologia utilizada em microscópio de rotina, com corante diferencial a fim de observar os tubos polínicos no estigma ou pistilo. No método de coloração, foi utilizado carmim como corante. Os resultados da análise de variância mostraram que as diferenças entre cultivares, entre métodos e a interação cultivar e método foram altamente significativas. O método de coloração, usando carmin propiônico como corante, foi significativamente superior à germinação in vivo, em todas as cultivares testadas. A germinação in vitro propiciou resultado estatisticamente igual à germinação in vivo, com exceção das cultivares Esmeralda e Granada, nas quais a germinação in vitro foi superior. Entretanto, a maior diferença entre os dois métodos foi de 10,03% na cultivar Esmeralda que, embora estatisticamente significativa, na prática, seria aceitável em testes de rotina. Concluiu-se que o teste in vitro é representativo da situação in vivo, enquanto o método de coloração superestimou a porcentagem de pólen viável.It is important

Biokinetics and dosimetry of a hybrid formulation of {sup 9{sup m}}Tc-BN and {sup 99m}Tc-RGD{sub 2} starting from optic images in a murine model; Biocinetica y dosimetria de una formulacion hibrida de {sup 99m}Tc-BN y {sup 99m}Tc-RGD{sub 2} a partir de imagenes opticas en un modelo murino

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cornejo A, L. G.

2015-07-01

This work has the purpose of evaluate the biokinetics and absorbed dose of radiation of hybrid formulation {sup 99m}Tc-BN /{sup 99m}Tc-RGD{sub 2} in a murine model by optical imaging techniques using the multimodal preclinical in vivo image system Xtreme. The used method were the {sup 99m}Tc-BN, {sup 99m}Tc-RGD{sub 2} and {sup 99m}Tc-BN/{sup 99m}Tc-RGD{sub 2} formulas, with specific recognition for GRPr and the integrin s α(v)β(3) and α(v)β(5) respectively, was injected in the vein tail of three nude mousses with induce breast cancer tumors (cell line T-47-D), by the preclinical multimodal imaging system Xtreme (Bruker), optical images in different times was acquired (5, 10, 20 min, 2 and 24 h), using Images Processing Toolbox of MATLAB these images was transform from RGB format to gray scales and sectioned in five independent images corresponding to heart, kidneys, bladder and tumor areas. The intensity of each images was computed in counts per pixel, then those intensities was corrected for background, attenuation and scattering, using different factors for each phenomena previously calculated. Finally the activity values quantified vs time was fitted into a biokinetic model to obtain the disintegrations number and cumulate activities in each organ. With these data the radiation absorbed dose were calculated using MIRD methodology. Results: The number of disintegration and absorbed dose calculated in MBq h/MBq and mGy/MBq, of injected mouse with the {sup 99m}Tc-BN/{sup 99m}Tc-RGD{sub 2} formulation, was: 0.035 ± 0.65 E-02, 0.25 x 10{sub -5} ± 0.46 E-07; 0.393 ± 0.51 E-1, 2.85 E-05 ± 3.7 E-06; 0.306 ± 0.21 E-01, 2.11 E-05 ± 1.45 E-06 and 0.151 ± 0.19 E-01, 1.09 E-05 ± 1.42 E-06 , in heart, kidneys, bladder and tumor, respectively. The number of disintegration obtained in kidneys is comparable to those reported for Trinidad B. 2014 Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that using optical images and a code for image analyses development in MATLAB, could achieve comparable quantitative results as the conventional technic s. (Author)

Synthesis and evaluation in vitro in cancer cells AR42J of the radiopharmaceutical {sup 99m}Tc-Tyr{sup 3}-Octreotide-dendrimer similar of somatostatin; Sintesis y evaluacion in vitro en celulas de cancer AR42J del radiofarmaco {sup 99m}Tc-Tyr{sup 3}-Octreotido-dendrimero analogo de la somatostatina

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Orocio R, E.

2013-07-01

The objective of this project was preparing a multimeric system through the conjugation of several molecules of the peptide Tyr{sup 3}-Octreotide to a dendrimer molecule based on Poly-amidoamine (PAMAM), as well as radiolabeled with {sup 99m}Tc and evaluating its behavior like new radiopharmaceutical similar of somatostatin. The dendrimer PAMAM generation 3.5 that possesses terminal groups of sodium carboxylate, was functionalized to peptide Tyr{sup 3}-Octreotide through a reaction of peptide coupling with HATU (hexafluorophosphate (V) of 1-oxide-3-(bis(dimethylamino)methylene)-3H-[1,2,3]triazole[4,5-b]pyridine) as activating agent of carboxylate groups using the Size Exclusion Chromatography (Sec) as purification method. The product was characterized by Ultraviolet visible spectrophotometry, Mid-infrared and Far-infrared, Elemental analysis, Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy, Thermogravimetry and Differential scanning calorimetry. The radiolabeled with {sup 99m}Tc was carried out using a direct method that involves the reduction of the anion TcO{sub 4}{sup -} with stannous chloride, so that the dendrimer is capable of coordinating to the technetium forming a chelate compound. The radiochemical purity of the radiolabeled compound was determined by thin layer chromatography using a sodium chloride solution to 20% (m/v) as mobile phase and was verified by molecular exclusion chromatography. The radiolabeled compound was possible to obtain it with a radiochemical purity superior to 90%. Also, the specific and not specific union was evaluated of the synthesized compound in mouse pancreas cancer cells AR42J, positive to somatostatin receptors, showing specific recognition for this receptors type with high cellular internalization. The biodistribution studies were carried out in BALB/c mice at different post injection times and in nude mice with induced tumors AR42J. The results showed that the {sup 99m}Tc-PAMAM-Tyr{sup 3}-Octreotide is excreted by via renal as hepatobiliary with a tumor capture of 4.12±0.6 D.I.g{sup -1} at the two hours of having been administered, which shows their potential as new radiopharmaceutical similar of somatostatin for the tumors detection of neuroendocrine origin. (Author)

Induction of genetic recombination in the lambda bacteriophage by ultraviolet irradiation of the Escherichia Coli cells. III. Role of the ruvA and recN genes; Induccion de recombinacion genetica en el bacteriofago lambda por irradiacion ultravioleta de las celulas de Escherichia Coli. III. Papel de los genes ruvA and recN

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Alcantara D, D [ININ, 52045 Ocoyoacac, Estado de Mexico (Mexico)

1987-05-15

The objective of this work is to determine the paper of the genes ruvA and recN in the stimulation of the recombination of Lambda for UV irradiation of Escherichia Coli, taking into account that both genes are inducible, they belong to the group of genes that participate in the SOS response and that a deficiency in its expression reduces the capacity to repair and recombiner the DNA. (Author)

Synthesis and characterization of the perovskite Sm{sub 0.5}Sr{sub 0.5}CoO{sub 3} for using as cathode in solid oxide fuel cells; Sintese e caracterizacao da provsquita Sm{sub 0.5}Sr{sub 0.5}CoO{sub 3} para utilizacao como catodo em celulas a combustivel de oxido solido

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Blanco, P.H.L.; Muccillo, R.; Muccillo, E.N.S. [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)], e-mail: enavarro@usp.br

2008-07-01

Solid oxide fuel cells are basically constituted by ceramic materials, a solid electrolyte sandwiched between two electrodes. A number of ceramic materials with perovskite structure have been proposed to act as electrode material due to the combination of their physical and chemical properties along with compatibility with the solid electrolyte. In this work the mixed oxide Sm{sub 0,5}Sr{sub 0,5}CoO{sub 3} was synthesized by the cation complexation technique. This perovskite oxide has been proposed as cathode in solid oxide fuel cells that operates in the intermediate temperature range ({approx} 500 to {approx} 700 deg C). Citric acid was used as complexant agent. The thermal decomposition of the precursor material occurs in several stages up to 600 deg C. After calcinations at 700 deg C the mixed oxide exhibits the characteristic perovskite phase of Sm{sub 0,5} Sr{sub 0,5}CoO{sub 3} the microstructure of the thermally decomposed material consists of porous agglomerates. This technique allowed for obtaining a single phase material at a relatively lower temperature. (author)

Characterization of cathode materials SrCoO3 and La0,2Sr0,8CoO3 for use in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC); Caracterizacao de materiais catodicos SrCoO3 e La0,2Sr0,8CoO3 para aplicacao em celulas a combustivel de oxido solido (SOFC)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Galvao, G.O.; Aquino, F.M; Silva, R.M.; Medeiros, I.D.M. de, E-mail: gabriela.galvao@cear.ufpb.br [Universidade Federal da Paraiba (UFPB), Joao Pessoa, PB (Brazil)

2016-07-01

Mixed oxide ceramics with chemical structure of ABO{sub 3} type are promising candidates for cathodes of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) for performing well on the electrical conductivity and thermal stability. Various methods of preparation have been studied and used for the synthesis of these materials. In this study, SrCoO{sub 3} and La{sub 0,2}Sr{sub 0,8}CoO{sub 3} perovskites were synthesized using gelatin as directing agent with the purpose of producing homogeneous and porous particles. The powders obtained at 350 ° C / 2 h were calcined at 600, 800 and 1000 ° C for 4 hours and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that gelatin is a good polymerizing agent for metal ions as the material showed characteristic peaks of perovskite, with good porosity and uniformity. Furthermore, the method of synthesis employed has advantages related to cost and toxicity, which are very low. (author)

Cost analysis of electrical power from an ethanol reformer and the fuel cell in the development of productive activities in the community Pico do Amor, MT, Brazil; Analise do custo da energia eletrica proveniente de um reformador de etanol e celula a combustivel no desenvolvimento de atividades produtivas na comunidade Pico do Amor/MT

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lopes, Davi Gabriel; Teixeira, Andre Frazao; Lopes, Daniel Gabriel; Cavaliero, Carla Kazue Nakao [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (DE/FEM/UNICAMP), SP (Brazil). Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica. Departamento de Energia; Instituto Aqua Genesis, Campinas, SP (Brazil); Hytron, Campinas, SP (Brazil)

2010-07-01

This work has the objective to analyze the impact of the cost of from an ethane reformer / fuel cell in the family income considering the development of two productive activities selected by the community itself: the production and marketing of cassava flour and 'rapadura', a typical brazilian candy. The community energy demand was analyzed to achieve the results; estimated the energy cost from the implemented system and the money from the selling of the cassava flour and 'rapadura' produced with this electricity; the study of sensibility of the ethanol price in the electrical energy cost was done too, and the cassava flour and 'rapadura' in the family funds. From the results, it was verified that the electrical energy cost has a 16,4% impact in the family gross income and a net value around R$ 260,85/family, indicating that the community will have enough funds to pay for the energy and also will rise the amount of money for each family. Besides, the comparative analyze of the cost of the electricity from the ethanol/fuel cell reformer and photovoltaic systems shows that, considering only the maintenance and operation costs, the first one should be more attractive than the second one. (author)

Linfoma B Difuso de Grandes Células Esclerosante do Mediastino

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ma. Teresa Magalhães Godinho

2001-03-01

Full Text Available RESUMO: Objectivos: Estabelecer a apresentação clínica, diagnóstico, tratamento e prognóstico do linfoma B difuso de grandes células esclerosante do mediastino. Apesar de conhecido dcsde 1980, este linfoma B de alto grau de malignidade com origem no timo, e, ainda hoje, muitas vezes confundido com tumores germinativos, carcinoma do timo, ou Doença de Hodgkin e correlacionado com urn mau prognóstico. Métodos: Revisão de 12 doentes com Linfoma difuso de grandcs células do mediastino anterior, diagnosticados no nosso Seniço entre 1993 e Junho de 2000. Resultados: O grupo é constituido por 10 mulheres e 2 homens, com idades compreendidas entre os 17 e os 59 anos (média 28; mediana 24. Todos os doentes cram sintomaticos. A radiografia do tórax mostrava uma massa de grandes dimcnsões, situada no mediastino anterior, por vezes acompanhada de derrame pleural (4 docntes e/ou pericárdico (2 doentes. Na TAC tonácica, eram visíveis áreas de atenuação hfdrica e de necrose. Três doentes fueram Ressonancia Magnética do tórax. Analiticamente, estes casos caracterizaram-se por valores elevados da LDH sérica, com β2 microglobulina normal. As biópsias foram realizadas por mediastinotomia anterior em 9 doentes e por toracotomia lateral nos outros 3. Anatomo-patologicamente foram identificados aspectos característicos dos Linfomas difusos de grandes cclulas com esclerose e a origem B confirmada por imuno-histoquímica. Os doentes foram submctidos a Quimioterapia (CHOP e Radioterapia (35-45 Gy. A taxa de remissao completa foi de 75%. Nove doentes estao vivos e Iivres de doença 6 meses a 7 anos após o diagnostico.Conclusão: 0 Linfoma difuso de grandes celulas esclerosante do mediastino apresenta-se como urn tumor volumoso do mediastino anterior, essencialmente na mulher jovem. Os doentes sao habitualmente sintomaticos. A radiografia de torax e a TAC mostram uma massa

Applications of hydrogen peroxide in electrochemical technology

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Alvarez Gallegos, Alberto Armando

1998-12-01

oxigeno (COD) fue agotada a niveles por arriba del 85%, indicando una mineralizacion completa de los agentes contaminantes organicos. La vida promedio de del catodo vitreo reticulado de carbon se demostro que era mayor que las 1000 horas durante dos y medio anos de experimentos. Durante este tiempo el funcionamiento del catodo fue muy bueno, conduciendo a resultados reproducibles e indicando que bajo las condiciones experimentales estudiadas el catodo de carbon vitreo reticulado y los componentes de la celula eran quimicamente y electroquimicamente estables.

Use of a 10-Channel Linear Scanner in the Differential Diagnosis of Arterial Hypertension; Empleo de un Centelleografo Lineal de Diez Canales en el Diagnostico Diferencial de la Hipertension Arterial

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cuaron, A.; Ortiz-Quezada, F.; Gordon, F.; Trevino, H. [Hospital General del Centro Medico Nacional, IMSS, Mexico D.F. (Mexico)

1969-05-15

procedimiento aqui descrito puede ser empleado como una prueba filtro de la hipertension arterial de origen renovascular, pues ofrece un indice correlacionado en forma directa con el flujo plasmatico renal individual y una serie de imagenes representativas del flujo sanguineo regional en cada uno de los rinones. Como la concentracion renal de la cloromerodrina requiere tanto de un buen flujo sanguineo renal como de la eficiencia de la celula tubular, en los casos de necrosis tubular unilateral se obtendran resultados similares a los obtenidos en los casos de isquemia renal unilateral. En el estudio de la hipertension arterial creemos que el estudio centelleografico necesita ir acompanado del trazado de una curva de concentracion renal de la cloromerodrina para evitar posibles errores causados por diferentes geometrias de ambos rinones con respecto al detector. (author)

Performance of new Hevea clones from IAC 400 series Perfomance de novos clones de Hevea da série IAC 400

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paulo de Souza Gonçalves

2007-06-01

300. O desempenho médio em torno de 22 clones de [Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Adr. de Juss. Muell.-Arg.], desenvolvidos pelo IAC, por um período de 11 anos foi avaliado na região Centro Oeste do estado de São Paulo. Dentre os 22 novos clones, seis são resultantes de hibridação intraespecífica (IAC 400, IAC 404, IAC 405, IAC 406, IAC 410, IAC 412 e o restante, clones primários resultantes de ortetes selecionados dentro de progênies de meios irmãos. O clone RRIM 600, de origem Malaia, foi usado como testemunha. O experimento foi conduzido sob delineamento de blocos ao acaso com três repetições. Desempenho da produção sob o período de quatro anos, média do perímetro do caule no décimo primeiro ano, incremento médio anual do perímetro antes e durante a sangria, espessura de casca, número de anéis de vasos laticíferos no sétimo ano de casca virgem, análise por termogravimetria da borracha produzida, percentagem de incidência de seca do painel de sangria, danos causados pelo vento e doenças como antracnose do painel e das folhas foram observados. A maioria dos clones foi superior em produção em relação ao clone RRIM 600. O clone IAC 400 registrou a mais alta produção (97,40 g árvore-1 sangria-1 em quatro anos de sangria o qual foi seguido pelo IAC 411 (78,87 g árvore-1 sangria-1 visto que o clone testemunha registrou 50,36 g árvore-1 sangria-1. Todos os clones selecionados tiveram crescimento vigoroso. Incrementos do perímetro do caule estiveram acima da média. Exceto o IAC 423, outros clones apresentaram espessura de casca virgem na abertura do painel (mm variando de 4.84mm (IAC 401 a 6.38 mm (IAC 416. As borrachas estudadas apresentaram boa estabilidade térmica até cerca de 300ºC e não foram observadas diferenças no comportamento térmico entre as amostras dos clones da série IAC e as do clone RRIM 600.

Reliability optimization in compound electric power systems with the aid of evolutionary algorithms; Optimizacion de la confiabilidad en sistemas electricos de potencia compuestos utilizando algoritmos evolucionarios

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gomez Hernandez, Jose Alberto

2001-11-15

and branches, that contributes the most to the voltage collapse or singular point. The obtained results show the feasibility of the proposed algorithm for optimization of reliability considering conditions of security. The tested systems used are: Reliability test system of 24 nodes of the IEEE, Roy Billinton test system of 6 nodes and eastern area equivalent of the Mexican grid of 31 nodes of the Comision Federal de Electricidad. [Spanish] El proposito de evaluar la confiabilidad de Sistemas Electricos de Potencia (SEP) es para estimar la habilidad del sistema para desempenar su funcion de llevar la energia de las estaciones generadoras a los puntos de carga. Esto involucra la confiabilidad de fuentes de generacion y medios de transmision que afecta en la transferencia de potencia a traves del sistema de transmision que conlleva a perdida de carga y caidas de voltaje entre la generacion y los centros de consumo. En esta tesis se desarrolla una metodologia hibrida que optimiza la confiabilidad en sistemas compuestos (generacion-transmision) utilizando algoritmos evolucionarios. Esta tecnica de optimizacion determina el numero optimo de componentes (redundancia paralela en lineas de transmision) y asignacion de compensacion en derivacion en nodos de carga de la red necesarios para maximizar la confiabilidad sujeta a restricciones de costo, considerando condiciones de seguridad en estado estacionario usando la tecnica del minimo valor singular (MVS) como indicador a la inestabilidad de voltaje. La funcion objetivo se define como una funcion estocastica, donde la medida de interes es el MVS de la matriz Jacobiana de flujos de potencia del evento mas severo de acuerdo a la evaluacion de confiabilidad del sistema compuesto, esta formulacion es una combinacion de programacion no lineal entera y continua, donde los algoritmos convencionales de programacion matematica presentan dificultades en robustez y en la busqueda del optimo global. Los eventos de falla de las unidades

Study of the Nafion quantity effect in membrane and electrodes assemblies (MEAs) of 50 cm{sup 2} used in type proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell operating with H{sub 2}/Air; Estudo do efeito da quantidade de Nafion em MEAs de 50 cm{sup 2} utilizadas em celula a combustivel tipo PEM operando com H{sub 2}/ar

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Profeti, Demetrius; Colmati, Flavio; Carlindo, Adao A.J.; Paganin, Valdecir A.; Gonzalez, Ernesto R.; Ticianelli, Edson A. [Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Carlos, SP (Brazil). Inst. de Quimica]. E-mail: dprofeti@iqsc.usp.br

2008-07-01

The performance of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) was investigated with the aim at characterizing the effects of the Nafion. content on the scale-up of the electrodes from 5 to 50 cm{sup 2}. It is observed that a diminution of the single cell performance occurred when the electrode area is increased from 5 to 50 cm{sup 2}. The tests carried out with different Nafion. contents, and fuel cell and humidifiers at the same temperature (T{sub cell}=T{sub H2}=T{sub air}=70 deg C) showed a slightly decrease of the fuel cell performance compared to the tests performed at different temperatures (T{sub cell}=70 deg C, T{sub H2}=85 deg C, T{sub air}=75 deg C). In the study of the variation on the Nafion. contents, the higher performance up to a current density of 0.8 A cm-2 is obtained with the 35.5 wt.% Nafion.. On the other hand, at higher current densities values, the performance of the fuel cells is very similar for the 31.0, 35.5 and 39.4 wt.% Nafion contents. (author)

Labeling of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and VIP 10-28 fragment with radioiodine by direct method. Comparative study of the kinetics biodistribution and affinity for neuroendocrine tumor cells; Marcacao do peptideo intestinal vasoativo (VIP) e do fragmento VIP10-28 com radioiodo por metodo direto. Estudo comparativo da cinetica de biodistribuicao e da afinidade por celulas de tumor neuroendocrino

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Colturato, Maria Tereza

2005-07-01

In the progress of the Nuclear Medicine, many protein based radiopharmaceuticals have been developed in the last years using antibodies and, more recently, biologically active natural peptides or similar synthetic peptides. In the search for agents with specificity for the target tissue in tumors detection, it was verified that small sequences of amino acids may interact with selective sites, with homogenous distribution, fast accumulation in tissues and fast blood clearance when compared to the antibodies. Among the peptides used in the diagnosis of tumors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) has been studied. VIP labeled with iodine-123 is applied in the images of intestinal adenocarcinoma and endocrine tumors. The molecule of VIP contains two tyrosine residues, in the positions 10 and 22 that are, theoretically, equally susceptible to radioiodination for direct method. The objective of this work was to produce VIP labeled with radioiodine (iodine-123), in order to introduce to the brazilian medical class this radiopharmaceutical of interest for the diagnosis and recurrence of tumors that express specific receptors. In an unpublished way, the work studied the labeling and the kinetic distribution of the VIP fragment (VIP 10-28) and verified its potential as radiopharmaceutical applied in the identification of tumors that express VIP receptors. After the choice of the appropriated technique for labeling VIP and VIP 10-28 with radioiodine, using Ceremonial T as oxidant agent and sodium metabisulfite as reducing agent, the quality control procedures were accomplished (electrophoresis and high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC) for radiochemical purity determination as well as the separation of the radiochemical species obtained. Labeling and quality control procedures applied were efficient and accurate. [{sup 131}I]VIP and [{sup 131}l]VIP 10-28 were obtained with high radiochemical purity (> 95%). The purification studies to remove free radioiodine in the labeling mixture (simple purification) and to produce the radiopharmaceutical with high specific activity (complex purification and HPLC), were both efficient in the separation of the species in the reaction mixtures, as demonstrated by quality control procedures. Biological distribution studies were accomplished by venous administration of the radiopharmaceuticals in laboratory animals: biodistribution study of [{sup 131}I]VIP and [{sup 131}I]VIP 10-28 in normal Swiss mice, [{sup 131}I]VIP not purified and purified in Swiss mice with tumor and [{sup 131}I]VIP and [{sup 131}I]VIP 10-28 in Nude mice with tumor, scintigraphic images of [{sup 131/123}I]VIP and [{sup 123}I]VIP 10-28 in Swiss and Nude mice and Wistar rats with tumor. In vitro studies were accomplished to determine the percentage of [{sup 131}I]VIP and [{sup 131}I]VIP 10-28 bound to plasmatic proteins, stability study of [{sup 131}I]VIP and [{sup 131}I]VIP 10-28 in human plasma and the affinity and internalization of [{sup 131}I]VIP and [{sup 131}I]VIP 10-28 by tumour adenocarcinoma cells of human rectal colon (HT-29). All biological distribution studies demonstrated that both [{sup 131/123}I]VIP and [{sup 131/123}I]VIP 10-28 showed fast blood clearance, low renal and liver uptake, relative uptake in thyroid, showing in vivo dehalogenation and good uptake in tumour. Comparative biological distribution of the radiopharmaceuticals showed high uptake in the stomach for both peptides. The blood clearance of the fragment was slower, and influences the visualization of the tumour mass. The radiopharmaceuticals, [{sup 123}I]VIP and [{sup 123}I]VIP 10-28, were obtained with high radiochemical purity, but with low radiochemical yield when comparing with labeling procedures using iodine-131. Quality control assays of [{sup 123}I]Na indicated that the presence of radiochemical and radionuclide impurities influenced on labeling results. (author)

Comparative analysis between two systems to generate electric energy for isolated community in the interior of the Amazon state: fuel cells with natural gas reformer versus diesel generation; Analise comparativa entre dois sistemas de geracao de energia eletrica para a comunidade isolada no interior do estado do Amazonas: celula a combustivel com reformador para gas natural versus gerador diesel

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Araujo, Paula Duarte; Bergamini, Cristiane Peres; Camargo, Joao Carlos; Lopes, Daniel Gabriel [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP (Brazil). Fac. de Engenharia Mecanica; Esteves, Gheisa Roberta Telles [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP (Brazil). Nucleo de Pesquisas e Estudos Ambientais; Silva, Ennio Peres da Silva [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP (Brazil). Inst. de Fisica Gleb Wataghin

2004-07-01

Although great part of the domestic territory is already supplied with electric energy, still there are many regions where the system is precarious or nonexistent, generically called isolated communities. In the majority of the cases these communities are supplied with Diesel oil generators and the substitution of this fuel for available alternative energy in the localities has been object of study of some institutions of research spread throughout the country. Currently, the use of fuel cells has been strongly argued in the generation of electric energy associated with the local energy necessity, from the use of a regional fuel and this is due to the high efficiency of allied energy conversion to the low ambient impacts that this equipment offers. Most of the different types of fuel cells use hydrogen as a fuel to produce electricity, and it is extracted from renewable or non-renewable sources of energy. Then, the article has the objective of comparing in first analysis the energy efficiency and the cost between the two systems: the ones used currently in the great majority of the isolated communities, constituted of a Diesel engine-generator system, with Natural Gas Reformer System/ Purifier of Hydrogen/ Fuel Cell/ and to analyze if such project presents characteristics that qualifies it to get the carbon credits proposed in the Mechanism of Clean Development. (author)

Synthesis and characterization of La{sub 1-x}Sr{sub x}MnO{sub 3} (x=0,1) for cathode application in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC); Sintese e caracterizacao de La{sub 1-x}Sr{sub x}MnO{sub 3} (x=0,1) visando sua aplicacao como catodo em celulas a combustivel de oxido solido (SOFC)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tarrago, D.P.; Sousa, V.C., E-mail: dptarrago@gmail.co [Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (LABIOMAT/PPGEM/UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS (Brazil). Programa de Pos graduacao em Engenharia de Minas. Lab. de Biomateriais; Malfatti, C.F. [Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (LAPEC/PPGEM/UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS (Brazil). Programa de Pos graduacao em Engenharia de Minas. Lab. de Pesquisa em Corrosao

2010-07-01

Perovskite powders, with composition La{sub 1-x}Sr{sub x}MnO{sub 3} (x=0,1) were obtained via combustion synthesis using sucrose as fuel. In the X-ray diffraction patterns it was observed that in order to obtain a single phase and well crystallized material a calcination in 750 deg C for 3 hours was necessary. BET analysis detected a specific surface area of 45m{sup 2}/g, considerably higher than when obtained with other fuels. SEM micrographs revealed a spongy aspect with a connected porosity in the agglomerates and though TEM micrographs the presence of pores in the particles was verified. The powder compacted with 125MPa and sintered at 1050 deg C for two hours presented a 31% open porosity and the SEM micrographs showed a fine interconnected porosity. (author)

Reduction of greenhouse gases emissions listed in the Kyoto Protocol by the utilization of landfill gas using solid oxide fuel cells; Reducao das emissoes de gases de efeito estufa listados no protocolo de Quioto pelo aproveitamento do gas gerado em aterros sanitarios utilizando celulas a combustivel de oxido solido. Estudo de caso do aterro municipal de Santo Andre, SP, Brazil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Paris, Alexandre Gellert

2007-07-01

In the last few years, the Kyoto Protocol had been a subject very debated, at first, in a restricted niche, manly academics and professionals related to the area of climate changes. On 16th February 2005 the Kyoto Protocol entered into force and with this a lot of publicity all over the world, so today is common to hear about it at the mass communications media. The extension of the subject is broad, this work discuss the utilization of one the Kyoto's flexibility mechanisms, to contribute to financing the use of the landfill gas in the solid oxide fuel cells. Among the three mechanisms presented in the Kyoto Protocol, the clean development mechanism (CDM) in article 12, is the only one that can be implemented by non-Annex I countries, the case of Brazil. In other hand, the issue of solid waste in Brazil is critical. Even being illegal, most of the solid waste goes to uncontrolled areas in open air places 'lixoes', causing degradation of the environment and the communities around this areas, and also emission of green house gases (GHG), deregulating the global climate system. Decontaminate this areas and the construction of landfills to replace than, considering the landfill as a bioreactor, and the utilization of the biogas to generate power can improve nowadays picture that we are facing. The utilization of an innovative alternative technology as the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) instead the conventional technologies will be more efficient and environmentally better. Among other barriers the cost is pointed as the biggest. In this context, the SOFC is the most expensive fuel cell, so the utilization of CDM can contribute to finance the application of this technology. Scenarios were made of 250 kW, 500 kW, 1,000 kW, 5,000 kW and 10,000 kW of installed power using biogas from the Municipal Landfill of Santo Andre. The calculations of the emission factor were done ex ante and ex post according to ACM0002. Comparing the costs of the installed power studied and the calculation of the emission reduction, a potential income, the costs are superior, however, other incomes from the selling of energy and the disposal of solid waste most be taken into account in the process of decision of this type of projects. (author)

Evaluation of the radiosensitizing to treatment with {sup 153}Sm-EDTMP, of haematopoietic cells of the bone marrow by means of bromodeoxyuridine incorporation into DNA, in a murine model; Evaluacion de la radiosensibilizacion al tratamiento con {sup 153}Sm-EDTMP, de las celulas hemotopoyeticas de la medula osea mediante la incorporacion de bromodesoxiuridina (BrdU) en el ADN, en un modelo murino

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Morales A, E.

2008-07-01

Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) has been shown to have a radiosensitizing effect, and its incorporation into DNA prior to administration of a bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical could increase the efficiency of bone marrow ablation, and even increase the specificity of radiation exposure for therapeutic purposes. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of BrdU incorporation into DNA on the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of samarium-153 ethylenediaminetetra-methylene phosphonate ({sup 153}Sm-EDTMP) in murine bone marrow cells. BALB/c male mice (N = 5 in each experiment) were treated with one of the following substances: a) BrdU (0.25 mg/g) b) {sup 153}-EDTMP (11.5 +- 3 MBq) c) BrdU (0.25 mg/g) plus {sup 153}Sm-EDTMP (11.5 +- MBq), there was also an untreated control. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were established by time-response and absorbed dose-response curves of polychromatic erythrocyte (PCE) and micro nucleated polychromatic erythrocyte (MN-PCE) frequencies, respectively, in murine peripheral blood samples in vivo. The significance of the differences between groups was determined by a variation of Dunett test for multiple groups and different-sized groups of a student test. Beta-absorbed dose fractions obtained from MNCP4B Monte Carlo computer code were used for mice bone marrow dosimetry calculations. At an average radiation absorbed dose of 0.38 Gy, 0.56 Gy and 0.82 Gy at 24, 40 and 72 h respectively, cells from animals treated with {sup 153}Sm-EDTMP showed a clear and significant induction of MN-PCE after 24 h, with the maximum response at 40 h, however, cells from group treated with BrdU plus {sup 153}Sm-EDTMP paradoxically showed MN-PCE frequencies only slightly higher than the control at the same absorbed dose. Treatment with {sup 153}Sm-EDTMP caused a slight reduction in PCE frequency, but exposure to BrdU or BrdU plus {sup 153}Sm-EDTMP induced a substantial and significant reduction in PCE frequency from 32 h to the end of the experiment (72 h). The PCE frequencies in the BrdU pretreated and irradiated group were consistently lower than in the BrdU control group, and the difference was significant at the final scored times in the experiment. These effects could be explained by lethal lesions of the accumulation of sublethal damage induced by the irradiation of BrdU-substituted DNA, where this lesion is not easily repaired and subsequently does not permit cell division or micronucleus formation. This research shows the increasing of cytotoxicity when BrdU was administered before the {sup 153}Sm-EDTMP treatment. Further studies are required in order to explore the utility of this strategy for bone marrow ablation or therapy in humans. (Author)

Reduction of greenhouse gases emissions listed in the Kyoto Protocol by the utilization of landfill gas using solid oxide fuel cells; Reducao das emissoes de gases de efeito estufa listados no protocolo de Quioto pelo aproveitamento do gas gerado em aterros sanitarios utilizando celulas a combustivel de oxido solido. Estudo de caso do aterro municipal de Santo Andre, SP, Brazil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Paris, Alexandre Gellert

2007-07-01

In the last few years, the Kyoto Protocol had been a subject very debated, at first, in a restricted niche, manly academics and professionals related to the area of climate changes. On 16th February 2005 the Kyoto Protocol entered into force and with this a lot of publicity all over the world, so today is common to hear about it at the mass communications media. The extension of the subject is broad, this work discuss the utilization of one the Kyoto's flexibility mechanisms, to contribute to financing the use of the landfill gas in the solid oxide fuel cells. Among the three mechanisms presented in the Kyoto Protocol, the clean development mechanism (CDM) in article 12, is the only one that can be implemented by non-Annex I countries, the case of Brazil. In other hand, the issue of solid waste in Brazil is critical. Even being illegal, most of the solid waste goes to uncontrolled areas in open air places 'lixoes', causing degradation of the environment and the communities around this areas, and also emission of green house gases (GHG), deregulating the global climate system. Decontaminate this areas and the construction of landfills to replace than, considering the landfill as a bioreactor, and the utilization of the biogas to generate power can improve nowadays picture that we are facing. The utilization of an innovative alternative technology as the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) instead the conventional technologies will be more efficient and environmentally better. Among other barriers the cost is pointed as the biggest. In this context, the SOFC is the most expensive fuel cell, so the utilization of CDM can contribute to finance the application of this technology. Scenarios were made of 250 kW, 500 kW, 1,000 kW, 5,000 kW and 10,000 kW of installed power using biogas from the Municipal Landfill of Santo Andre. The calculations of the emission factor were done ex ante and ex post according to ACM0002. Comparing the costs of the installed power studied and the calculation of the emission reduction, a potential income, the costs are superior, however, other incomes from the selling of energy and the disposal of solid waste most be taken into account in the process of decision of this type of projects. (author)

Mineral and/or milk supplementation of fruit beverages helps in the prevention of H2O2-induced oxidative stress in Caco-2 cells La adición de minerales y/o leche a bebidas a base de zumo de frutas ayuda en la prevención del estrés oxidativo inducido por H2O2 en celulas Caco-2

OpenAIRE

A. Cilla; J. M. Laparra; A. Alegria; R. Barbera

2011-01-01

Introduction: Fruit beverages are commonly supplemented with milk, vitamins and/or minerals in order to improve their healthy effects by providing some bioactive components that can act additively or synergistically against oxidative stress. Aims: To test whether iron, zinc, and milk added to fruit beverages do not affect the cytoprotective effect against oxidative damage to Caco-2 cells through GSH-related enzymes induction and cell cycle progression preservation, in comparison with non-supp...

Preparation of PtSn/C, PtRu/C, PtRh/C, PtRuRh/C and PtSnRh/C electrocatalysts using an alcohol-reduction process for methanol and ethanol oxidation; Preparacao e caracterizacao de eletrocatalisadores PtRu, PtSn, PtRh, PtRuRh e PtSnRh para oxidacao direta de alcoois em celulas a combustivel tipo PEM utilizando a metodologia da reducao por alcool

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dias, Ricardo Rodrigues

2009-07-01

In this work, Pt/C, PtRh (90:10), PtRh/C (50:50), PtSn/C (50:50), PtRu (50:50)/C, PtRuRh/C (50:40:10) and PtSnRh/C (50:40:10) were prepared by an alcohol-reduction process with metal loading of 20 wt.% using H{sub 2}PtCl{sub 6}.6H{sub 2}O (Aldrich), SnCl{sub 2}.2H{sub 2}O (Aldrich),and RhCl{sub 2}.XH{sub 2}O (Aldrich) as metals sources and Vulcan XC72 as support. The electrocatalysts were characterized by EDX, XRD and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The electro-oxidation of ethanol was studied by CV, chronoamperomety at room temperature in acid medium and tests at 100 deg C on a single cell of a direct methanol or ethanol fuel cell. The EDX analysis showed that the metal atomic ratios of the obtained electrocatalysts were similar to the nominal atomic ratios used in the preparation. The diffractograms of electrocatalysts prepared showed four peaks at approximately 2θ = 40{sup 0}, 47{sup 0}, 67{sup 0} and 82{sup 0}, which are associated with the (111), (200), (220) and (311) planes, respectively, of a face cubic-centered (fcc) structure characteristic of platinum and platinum alloys. The average crystallite sizes using the Scherrer equation and the calculated values were in the range of 2–3 nm. For PtSn/C and PtSnRh/C two additional peaks were observed at 2θ = 34{sup 0} and 52{sup 0} that were identified as a SnO{sub 2} phase. PtSn/C (50:50) and PtSnRh/C (50:40:10) electrocatalyst showed the best performance for ethanol oxidation at room temperature. For methanol oxidation at room temperature PtRu/C, PtSn/C and PtRuRh/C electrocatalysts showed the best performance. Tests at 100 deg C on a single cell of a direct ethanol fuel cell PtSnRh/C showed the best performance, for methanol oxidation PtRuRh/C showed the best performance. (author)

Preparation of PtSn/C, PtRu/C, PtRh/C, PtRuRh/C and PtSnRh/C electrocatalysts using an alcohol-reduction process for methanol and ethanol oxidation; Preparacao e caracterizacao de eletrocatalisadores PtRu, PtSn, PtRh, PtRuRh e PtSnRh para oxidacao direta de alcoois em celulas a combustivel tipo PEM utilizando a metodologia da reducao por alcool

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dias, Ricardo Rodrigues

2009-07-01

In this work, Pt/C, PtRh (90:10), PtRh/C (50:50), PtSn/C (50:50), PtRu (50:50)/C, PtRuRh/C (50:40:10) and PtSnRh/C (50:40:10) were prepared by an alcohol-reduction process with metal loading of 20 wt.% using H{sub 2}PtCl{sub 6}.6H{sub 2}O (Aldrich), SnCl{sub 2}.2H{sub 2}O (Aldrich),and RhCl{sub 2}.XH{sub 2}O (Aldrich) as metals sources and Vulcan XC72 as support. The electrocatalysts were characterized by EDX, XRD and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The electro-oxidation of ethanol was studied by CV, chronoamperomety at room temperature in acid medium and tests at 100 deg C on a single cell of a direct methanol or ethanol fuel cell. The EDX analysis showed that the metal atomic ratios of the obtained electrocatalysts were similar to the nominal atomic ratios used in the preparation. The diffractograms of electrocatalysts prepared showed four peaks at approximately 2{theta} =40 deg, 47 deg, 67 deg and 82 deg, which are associated with the (111), (200), (220) and (311) planes, respectively, of a face cubic-centered (fcc) structure characteristic of platinum and platinum alloys. The average crystallite sizes using the Scherrer equation and the calculated values were in the range of 2-3 nm. For Pt Sn/C and PtSnRh/C two additional peaks were observed at 2 = 34 deg and 52 deg that were identified as a SnO{sub 2} phase. Pt Sn/C (50:50) and PtSnRh/C (50:40:10) electro catalyst showed the best performance for ethanol oxidation at room temperature. For methanol oxidation at room temperature Pt Ru/C, Pt Sn/C and PtRuRh/C electrocatalysts showed the best performance. Tests at 100 deg C on a single cell of a direct ethanol fuel cell PtSnRh/C showed the best performance, for methanol oxidation PtRuRh/C showed the best performance. (author)

Experiments on multi-stage light intensification by electro-luminescence; Experiences sur l'intensification de la lumiere en cascade par electroluminescence; Opyty po mnogokaskadnomu svetousileniyu (fotoumnozheniyu) posredstvom ehlektrosvecheniya; Experimentos sobre intensificacion en cascada de la luminosidad por electroluminiscencia

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Owaki, K; Nakamura, T [Kobe Kogyo Corporation, Okubo, Akashi, Hyogo (Japan)

1962-04-15

succinctement l'interet qu'il y a a utiliser des resistances en parallele avec panneau electroluminescent pour ameliorer les caracteristiques de l'appareil. Ils ont utilise deux types de cellules photoconductrices: une cellule de sulfure de cadmium fritte et une poudre photosensible de sulfure de cadmium, agglomeree a l'aide d'un liant en matiere plastique. Compte tenu des resultats obtenus avec un photomultiplicateur a un seul element, les auteurs ont construit des photomultiplicateurs a deux et a trois etages et fait des experiences destinees a determiner leurs caracteristiques pour diverses resistances en parallele. Avec le photomultiplicateur a trois etages, on a obtenu une amplification d'environ 400 pour un rayonnement d'entree de 0,3 rlx; ces resultats permettent de supposer qu'il serait possible d'obtenir une plus forte amplification pour un rayonnement d'entree plus faible. Les auteurs estiment que les resultats de leurs experiences seront applicables aux renforcateurs d'images a cristal, lorsqu'on aura mis au point une construction appropriee. (author) [Spanish] En los ultimos anos se han publicado varios trabajos sobre intensificacion de la luminosidad de las imagenes mediante el empleo de intensificadores en estado solido, usando fosforos electroluminiscentes y sustancias fotoconductoras, lo que constituye una aplicacion importante de la electronica del estado solido. Es conveniente e importante el uso del intensificador de estado solido para amplificacion luminosa. El objeto del presente trabajo experimental es obtener una mayor amplificacion acoplando el intensificador en varias etapas en cascada. Los autores comienzan describiendo las caracteristicas electricas y opticas de un elemento intensificador y examinan brevemente la ventaja de emplear una resistencia montada en paralelo con la pantalla electroluminiscente, para mejorar las caracteristicas de esta. En los experimentos se utilizaron dos tipos de celulas fotoconductoras : una de CdS sinterizado y otra de Cd

Preliminary experiments on the use of radioactive indicators in macromolecular chemistry; Experiences preliminaires sur l'utilisation des indicateurs radioactifs en chimie macromoleculaire; Predvaritel'nye opyty ispol'zovaniya radioaktivnykh indikatorov v makromolekulyarnoj khimii; Ensayos preliminares sobre el empleo de indicadores radiactivos en quimica macromolecular

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De Brouckere, L; Van Leemput, R; Stein, R [Laboratoire de Chimie Generale II, Universite Libre de Bruxelles (Belgium)

1962-03-15

'acetone. On a utilise des chambres de diffusion analogues aux osmometres a cellules jumelles. Des membranes de cellophane de permeabilite 6,7 {center_dot} 10{sup -5} h{sup -1} a 30,6 {center_dot} 10{sup -5} h{sup -1} separaient la solution du solvant. On a constate: a) Qu'avec l'appareil utilise dans les experiences de diffusion, il fallait environ deux cents heures pour atteindre un etat d'equilibre ou un etat stationnaire; b) Que la fraction de polymere se diffusant a travers la membrane dans un temps donne etait independante de la concentration; c) Que la quantite de polymere diffuse variait en fonction de la permeabilite de la membrane; d) Qu'il se produisait une adsorption pratiquement irreversible du polymere sur la membrane (30 a 40 {mu}g/cm{sup 2}). (author) [Spanish] Las dos principales fuentes de error cuando se estudian fenomenos osmoticos con polimeros de elevado peso molecular son: a) la difusion de polimeros de bajo peso molecular a traves de la membrana; b) la adsorcion de polimeros en la membrana. Los metodos que emplean trazadores radiactivos para la investigacion de estos dos fenomenos ofrecen ventajas decisivas sobre los procedimientos gravimetricos clasicos, que son mucho menos sensibles. El polimero empleado por los autores consistio en una muestra heterodispersa de policloroacrilato de butilo obtenido por el oracion ionica del poliacrilato de butilo con {sup 36}Cl. Este polimero se utilizo disuelto en acetona. Los autores emplearon camaras de difusion, semejantes a osmomotros de celulas gemelas. La solucion quedaba separada del disolvente por membranas de celofan de permeabilidades de 6,7 x 10{sup -5} h{sup -1} a 30,6 x 10{sup -5} h{sup -1}. Han llegado a las conclusiones siguientes: a) con el aparato empleado en los experimentos de difusion, se precisan unas 200 horas para alcanzar un estado de equilibrio o un regimen estacionario; b) la fraccion de polimero que difunde a traves de la membrana en un tiempo determinado es independiente de la

Deleção 22q11.2 em pacientes com defeito cardíaco conotruncal e fenótipo da síndrome da deleção 22q11.2 Deleción 22q11.2 en pacientes con defecto cardiaco conotruncal y fenotipo del síndrome de la deleción 22q11.2 22q11.2 deletion in patients with conotruncal heart defect and del22q syndrome phenotype

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Sintia Iole Nogueira Belangero

2009-04-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: A síndrome da deleção 22q11.2 é a mais freqüente síndrome de microdeleção humana. O fenótipo é altamente variável e caracterizado por defeito cardíaco conotruncal, dismorfias faciais, insuficiência velofaríngea, dificuldade de aprendizagem e retardo mental. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a freqüência da deleção 22q11.2 em uma amostra brasileira de indivíduos portadores de cardiopatia conontrucal isolada e do fenótipo da síndrome da deleção 22q11.2. MÉTODOS: Vinte e nove pacientes foram estudados por meio de citogenética clássica, por hibridação in situ fluorescente (FISH e por técnicas moleculares. RESULTADOS: A análise citogenética por meio de bandamento G revelou cariótipo normal em todos os pacientes, com exceção de um que apresentou cariótipo 47,XX,+idic(22(q11.2. Com o uso de técnicas moleculares, a deleção foi observada em 25% dos pacientes, todos portadores do fenótipo da síndrome da deleção 22q11.2. Em nenhum dos casos, a deleção foi herdada dos pais. A freqüência da deleção 22q11.2 foi maior no grupo de pacientes portadores do espectro clínico da síndrome da deleção 22q11.2 do que no grupo de pacientes com cardiopatia conotruncal isolada. CONCLUSÃO: A investigação da presença da deleção e sua correlação com os dados clínicos dos pacientes podem auxiliar os pacientes e suas famílias a terem um melhor aconselhamento genético e um seguimento clínico mais adequado.FUNDAMENTO: El síndrome de la deleción 22q11.2 es el más frecuente síndrome de microdeleción humana. El fenotipo, altamente variable, se caracteriza por defecto cardiaco conotruncal, dismorfias faciales, insuficiencia velofaríngea, dificultad de aprendizaje y retardo mental. OBJETIVO: El objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar la frecuencia tanto de la deleción 22q11.2 en una muestra brasileña de individuos portadores de cardiopatía conotrucal aislada, como del fenotipo del s

Neuralfussy multivariable control applied to the control of velocity, power, and exhaust gas temperature of a turbo gas unit; Control neurodifuso multivariable aplicado al control de velocidad, potencia y temperatura de gases de escape de una unidad turbogas

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Segura Ozuna, Victor Octavio

2004-11-15

construccion mas cortos, a bajos niveles de emision de contaminantes y costos de operacion competitivos. El sistema de control de las unidades turbogas esta basado en algoritmos de control convencionales del tipo PI [2]. Este esquema de control es destinado para tareas de regulacion y rechazo a perturbaciones, y no para seguimiento de puntos de referencia. Los controladores actuan todos sobre una sola valvula de control, lo cual representa una fuerte interaccion entre los mismos, por ejemplo un ajuste en los parametros del algoritmo del PI digital de temperatura, puede mejorar su desempeno pero tambien puede afectar el desempeno del control de velocidad o el de potencia. La turbina de gas presenta un comportamiento no lineal y variante en el tiempo, principalmente en la etapa de arranque donde se presentan varios disturbios importantes. Actualmente, los controladores utilizados en los esquemas de control de las turbinas son lineales, los cuales son sintonizados para un punto de operacion especifico y son conservados asi por tiempo indefinido. En esta tesis se presenta la formulacion de un controlador prealimentado multivariable, disenado con la combinacion de las tecnologias de logica difusa y redes neuronales con el proposito de mejorar el control de velocidad, potencia y temperatura de la UTG. Este control propuesto es usado en conjuncion con el esquema de control convencional de la UTG existente, para integrar una estrategia de control hibrida prealimentada. El control prealimentado esta compuesto por un sistema de inferencia difuso de multiples entradas y una sola salida disenado con datos de entrada y salida de la planta. El controlador retroalimentado esta compuesto por controladores tipo PI convencionales en este tipo de unidades. Con esta estrategia, el controlador prealimentado provee una mayor contribucion en la senal de control disminuyendo el esfuerzo de control de los controladores PI convencionales y la fuerte interaccion que existe entre ellos. Los controladores

Repairability during G1 of the inductor leisure of exchanges in the sister chromatid induced by alkylating agents in DNA substituted and no substituted with BUDR, in cells of the salivary gland of mouse In vivo; Reparabilidad durante G1 de las lesiones inductoras de intercambios en las cromatidas hermanas inducidos por agentes alquilantes en ADN sustituido y no sustituido con BrdU, en celulas de la glandula salival de raton In vivo

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Gonzalez B, F

2004-07-01

In this work you determines the repair of the lesions inductoras of Sister chromatid exchange (ICHs) generated in the cells of the salivary gland of mouse, for the treatment with the N-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea (MNU), the N-Ethyl-N-Nitrosourea (ENU), the Methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and the Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) in early and slow G1 of the first one and the second cellular division, that is to say before and after the cells incorporate 5-bromine-2 -Desoxyuridine (BrdU) in the DNA. Groups witness non treaties were included with mutagen. The cells of the salivary gland repaired the generated lesions partially by the MNU, the MMS and the EMS in the 1st division, and only the lesions induced by the ENU and MMS were repaired partially in the 2nd division. The ENU generates injure that they were not repaired in the 1st division and those taken place by the EMS were little repaired in the 2nd division. The methylating agents generated but ICHs that the ethylating. One observes that the BrdU makes to the molecule of the DNA but susceptible to the damage generated by the alkylating agents that induce the formation of the ICHs. This susceptibility was incremented around 150% for the treatment with the MNU, the ENU and the MMS, on the other hand for the EMS it was 3 times minor. It is proposed that the one electronegative atom of this analog of the timine would to work as a nucleophyllic center with which the electrophyllic compounds react. (Author)

Study on the Localization of Iodine in the Stomach; Etude de la Localisation de l'Iode dans l'Estomac; Izuchenie lokalizatsii joda v zheludke; Estudio de la Localizacion del Yodo en el Estomago

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Clode, W. H.; Perez Fernandez, M. A.; Baptista, A. M. [Comissao de Estudos de Energia Nuclear do Instituto de Alta Cultura, Lisbon (Portugal); Simao Rodrigues, M.; Murteira, M. A. [Instituto Portugues de Oncologia, Lisbon (Portugal)

1964-10-15

estudios los autores han llegado a la conclusion de que ciertas regiones del estomago normal desempefian un papel importante en el metabolismo del yodo. La localizacion de las zonas en que la concentracion de radiactividad es mas elevada indica que la excrecion de yodo puede ser regida por varios mecanismos. Estas observaciones corroboran los resultados obtenidos por otros investigadores con metodos diferentes. La exploracion efectuada 24 h despues de administrar {sup 131}I permitio detectar el cancer del estomago en la mayorla de los pacientes afectados por esa enfermedad. Estos resultados se explican no solo por el hecho de que el yodo se concentra en las celulas tumorales sino tambien porque las paredes del estomago retienen cierta cantidad de este elemento. En la mayor parte de los casos, la concentracion de yodo radiactivo en el tumor no fue superior a la observada en aquellas regiones de la mucosa gastrica en que se produce una absorcion incrementada de este elemento. (author) [Russian] Avtory izuchali lokalizaciju joda v zheludke posle vnutrivennoj in{sup e}kcii iodida, mechennogo jodom-131, ispol'zuja dlja jetogo vysokokontrastnuju sistemu fotoskennirovanija. Issledovanie provodilos' cherez razlichnye promezhutki vremeni posle in{sup e}kcii (obychno cherez 2, 24 i 48 chasov) u bol'nyh, ne stradajushhih nikakimi zheludochnymi zabolevanijami, bol'nyh s rakom zheludka i bol'nyh s pepticheskoj jazvoj. Izuchalos' takzhe raspredelenie radioaktivnogo joda v zheludkah sobaki i cheloveka, udalennyh hirurgicheskim putem v razlichnoe vremja posle in{sup e}kcii radioaktivnogo joda. V udalennyh hirurgicheskim putem zheludkah dlja ob{sup j}asnenija poluchennyh dannyh opredeljalas' udel'naja aktivnost' tkanej, otnosjashhihsja k predstavljajushhim interes oblastjam, obnaruzhen** nym skennirovaniem. Na osnovanii poluchennyh dannyh avtory delajut vyvod, chto v normal'nom zheludke sushhestvujut oblasti, kotorye igrajut osobuju rol' v metabolizme joda. Lokalizacija zon samoj vysokoj

The Use of Direct Tritium Assay Techniques in Studies with Tritiated Thymidine; Application des Methodes de Dosage Direct du Tritium aux Etudes avec la Thymidine Tritiee; 041f 0440 0438 043c 0435 043d 0435 0414 ; Aplicacion de Tecnicas de Medicion Directa del Tritio a Estudios con Timidina Tritiada

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Gordon Steel, G. [Physics Department, Institute of Cancer Research, Royal Cancer Hospital, Clifton Avenue, Belmont, Surrey (United Kingdom)

1962-02-15

foie, initialement elevee, diminuait rapidement. A l'aide d'un dispositif permettant de prelever des echantillons de l'eau des tissus faiblement irradies, l'auteur a mesure l'activite specifique de l'eau tritiee dans divers organes. Une heure apres l'injection, la concentration du tritium etait pratiquement uniforme dans tout le corps; mais pendant la periode ou s'etablissait cet equilibre, on a pu constater des gradients considerables dans l'activite specifique de l'eau des tissus. Dans le cas du foie, il s'agissait d'un afflux dans le sang d'eau tritiee provenant de cet organe; pour la rate, les testicules et les muscles, le mouvement etait oriente en sens contraire. Les mesures de la retention du tritium dans l'intestin et la moelle osseuse apres administration de thymidine tritiee ont montre qu'il existe pour les deux tissus consideres un palier initial et que la desintegration ulterieure comporte deux exponentielles predominantes. Dans le cas de la moelle osseuse, l'observation d'un palier est en desaccord avec d'autres travaux publies; il n'est du reste pas observe de palier chez les animaux qui ont ete soumis a une irradiation prolongee. (author) [Spanish] La memoria describe los resultados de investigaciones del catabolismo de la timidina tritiada en la rata durante el periodo de su fijacion inicial en los tejidos, y de la retencion de celulas marcadas con tritio en el intestino y en la medula osea hasta 16 dias despues de la marcacion. Durante la hora que sigue a la inyeccion de timidina tritiada, la concentracion de tritio no volatil crece hasta alcanzar el valor de saturacion en la mayoria de los tejidos, pero la concentracion hepatica desciende rapidamente desde un nivel inicial elevado. El autor midio la actividad especifica del agua tritiada de varios organos, empleando para ello un dispositivo que permite extraer en frio muestras de agua de los tejidos. Una hora despues de la inyeccion, la concentracion de tritio era casi uniforme en toda el agua del

Sobre a presença de Células T CD45RA + na Pleurisia Tuberculosa** Reflexão, à luz dos conhecimentos actuais, sobre alguns dados do trabalho, 'Estudo da Reactividade dos Linfócitos T na Pleurisia Tuberculosa Humana', Dissertação de Doutoramento do autor. Universidade de Coimbra, 1991.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. Segorbe Luis

1997-09-01

em que decorre um processo imunoinflamatório.Tal ocorrência, ao ter sido verifieada na pleurisia tuberculosa, vem questionar a noção de que o tráfego linfocitário seja exclusivo de linfócitos efectores e 'memória' quando estão em causa respostas celulares de perfil Th1 na serosa pleural.O facto das células CD45RA encerrarem em si a possibilidade de diferenciação em células efectoras Th 1 ou Th2, é provável que o ambiente citocínico existente na pleurisia tuberculosa condicione a sua maturação para celulas Th1. No entanto, sendo conhecida a vocação 'Th2' das células CD45RA+, será também de considerar a sua possível intervenção na produção local de citocinas inibidoras da actividade de clãs Th1. SUMMARY: CD45RA+T CELLS ARE PRESENT IN TUBERCULOUS PLEU­RAL EXUDATESLymphocyte circulation and diapedesis have as biological aims the insurance of the availability of antigen receptors as well as the functional unification of the various lymphoid compartments. Thus, the probability of a small number of 'naive' cells being able to a encounter their specific antigen epitope is increased and the supply of antigen receptors on 'memory' and effector cells to peripheral tissues is optimized.It is generally accepted that 'naïve' T lymphocytes, virgin in terms of antigenic stimulation, tend to sistematically migrate into secondary lymphoyd tissues (lymph nodes, Peyer patches, tonsils, …, where they become 'memory' cells in a milieu differenciated towards antigen presentation. As 'memory' cells, T lymphocytes acquire the capacity to migrate into tertiary lymphoyd compartments (skin, mucosae, …. The migration of 'memory' lymphocytes into tissues plays a crucial role in the defense against microbes, namely in the generation of secondary responses.Tuberculous pleurisy occurs as result of a hypersensitivity reaction to mycobacterial antigens. In this form of pleuritis, local responses

Technical Developments in the USAEC Process Radiation Development Program; Etudes technologiques dans le cadre du programme de mise au point d'applications industrielles des rayonnements de la CEA-EU; Issledovaniya v oblasti promyshlennogo primeneniya izluchenij, vkhodyashchie v programmu komissii po atomnoj ehnergii USAEC; Progresos tecnicos en el programa de la USAEC para el fomento de la irradiacion industrial

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Machurek, J. E.; Stein, M. H. [Division of Isotopes Development, USAEC, Washington, DC (United States)

1963-11-15

autores comunican los resultados de catorce de esas investigaciones, resumiendo algunos en la monografia y dando mas detalles sobre otros en las actas respectivas. Los temas tratados son los siguientes: 1. Preparacion de combinaciones madera-materiales plasticos utilizando las radiaciones gamma para inducir la polimerizacion. 2. Empleo de las radiaciones beta emitidas por los productos de fision para la hidrogenacion del carbono y sus derivados con miras a la produccion de hidrocarburos liquidos combustibles. 3. Preparacion de semiconductores en los cuales las impurezas se distribuyen con arreglo a un esquema espacial predeterminado, con ayuda de transmutaciones neutronicas. 4. Polimerizacion radioinducida del etileno y sus copolimeroe. 5. Estudios basicos de los mecanismos y la cinetica de las reacciones radioinducidas. 6. Aspectos radioquimicos de la fluoracion de diversos compuestos aromaticos. 7. Empleo de monomeros polifuncionales para acrecentar la radiorreticulacion en el polietileno, el polipropileno, el poliisobutileno y el acetato de celulosa. 8. Efectos de la turgencia, tension y temperatura sobre las propiedades fisicas y quimicas de los polimeros producidos con ayuda de las radiaciones. 9. Influencia de los factores estructurales sobre las modificaciones radioinducidas en polimeros que conducen a la copolimerizacion por injerto. 10. Utilizacion de las radiaciones nucleares para modificar las propiedades de los materiales textiles. 11. Reacciones radioinducidas en las que se utiliza el cripton-85. 12. Preparacion de un ''Manual de Radiaciones''. 13. Empleo de enlaces organometalicos en la dosimetria de radiaciones gamma de elevada intensidad. 14. Preparacion de un dosimetro de celula solar. (author) [Russian] V sootvetstvii s programmoj issledovanij radiatsionnykh protsessov Komissii po atomnoj ehnergii SSHA byli provedeny obshirnye izyskaniya. Glavnaya tsel' ehtikh issledovanij sostoit v sodejstvii razrabotke tekhnologii, kotoraya obespechila by ehffektivnoe

Radioisotope Scanning of the Pancreas with Selenomethionine-Se{sup 75}; Gammagraphie du Pancreas a l'Aide de la Selenomethionine-{sup 75}Se; Diagnosticheskoe fotoskennirovanie podzheludochnoj zhelezy; Gammagrafia del Pancreas Mediante Radioisotopos

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Sodee, D. B. [Doctors Hospital and Renner Clinic Foundation, Cleveland Heights, OH (United States)

1964-10-15

casos. El carcinoma mas pequeno que no pudo visualizarse estaba ocultado por el higado hipertrofiado. La exploracion pancreatica permite tambien confirmar la pancreatitis aguda y cronica, ya que las celulas lesionadas no concentran la selenometionina-{sup 75}Se. El autor trata ademas de la concentracion selectiva de la selenometionina{sup 75}Se en el tejido paratiroideo. Con la misma tecnica de expioracion se han visualizado adenomas paratiroideos en un pequeno grupo de enfermos de hiperparatiroidismo. La fotoexploracion del pancreas es ya una tecnica de uso corriente; actualmente se estudia la posibilidad de una fotoexploracion de la paratiroides. Debido a la mayor importancia medica atribuida a organos que antes no podian visualizarse con las tecnicas radiograficas tradicionales, la exploracion selectiva de organos por medio de compuestos marcados, elegidos segun sus propiedades bioquimicas, va adquiriendo cada vez mayor importancia. (author) [Russian] Nedavno bylo pokazano, chto fotoskennirovanie podzheludochnoj zhelezy s pomoshh'ju selenometionina, mechennogo {sup 75}Se , javljaetsja prakticheskim metodom. U 90%iz 100 bol'nyh, u kotoryh bylo polucheno 250 podobnyh fotoskennogramm, mozhno bylo otchetlivo videt' podzheludochnuju zhelezu. Bylo obnaruzheno, chto fiziologicheskaja stimuljacija podzheludochnoj zhelezy javljaetsja glavnym faktorom koncentracii selenometionina -Se15 v podzheludochnoj zheleze. Za chas do vnutrivennogo vvedenija v organizm 3-4 mkk/kg selenometionina-Ze75 s pomoshh'ju 30 grammov belkovoj pishhi byla nachata fiziologicheskaja stimuljacija podzheludochnoj zhelezy. Cherez 15 minut byla dostignuta nepreryvnaja stimuljacija podzheludochnoj zhelezy putem vvedenija cherez rot 900 mkg gidrohlorida glutaminovoj kisloty. Do skennirovanija podzheludochnoj zhelezy nad oblast'ju pecheni, predvaritel'no opredelennoj pri skennirovanii s pomoshh'ju zolota-198, byl pomeshhen izognutyj zashhitnyj jekran iz svinca razmerom 0,9 sm, Jetot jekran blokiruet

Une madone à Fukushima. La condition numérique du portrait de presse

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adeline Wrona

2014-04-01

escritório encarregado pela produção de informações na Ásia, a identidade do fotógrafo. Todos esses detalhes estão arquivados na página de Facebook consagrada à imagem. Assim, a hibridação dos padrões visuais asiáticos e ocidentais se combina com uma mutação das formas jornalísticas, sob a égide das mídias informatizadas.

Cytogenetic and dosimetric effects of {sup 131}I in lymphocyte of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer with and without r-hTSH stimulation. Study in thyroid tumor cells (WRO) treated with {sup 131}I and {sup 60}Co in vitro; Efeitos citogenetico e dosimetrico do {sup 131}I em pacientes com cancer diferenciado da tireoide com e sem estimulacao com r-hTSH. Estudo em celulas tumorais tireoidianas (WRO) tratadas com {sup 131}I e {sup 60}Co in vitro

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Valgode, Flavia Gomes Silva

2015-11-01

Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) represents about 90% of thyroid malignancies with increasing incidence in the recent decades. Treatment modalities include thyroidectomy, {sup 131}I therapy (with or without r-hTSH), radio and chemotherapy. Little is known about the effects of these treatments at the cellular level. This work was proposed in order to assess to what extent radioiodine therapy can cause damage in peripheral lymphocytes of patients with DTC, preceded or not by r-hTSH, taking into account acute, slow and dosimetric effects of {sup 131}I (in vivo study). An in vitro study was also carried out on thyroid tumor target cells (WRO) by cytotoxicity and genotoxicity analysis and radioiodine uptake. For this, blood samples from patients divided into two groups (group A, r-hTSH + {sup 131}I and group B,{sup 131}I only) were collected before, 24 hours, 1 week, 1 month and 1 year after {sup 131}I administration for aberration chromosome analysis (CA). A dose-response curve for {sup 131}I in vitro was developed for estimating the absorbed dose in patients, comparing the dicentric frequencies obtained in vitro with in vivo data by Monte Carlo program. Radioiodine therapy induced an increase in the number of CA in lymphocytes of patients peaking 24 hours after treatment, with gradual decline over time and with more chromosomal damage in group B than in group A, reaching baseline levels one year after radioiodine administration. The frequency of dicentric found inpatient lymphocytes, 24h after treatment, was equivalent to that induced in vitro (0.354 ± 0.153 MBq / mL for group A and 0.309 ± 0.154 MBq / mL for group B), which corresponds to absorbed doses of 0.8 ± 0.3 Gy and 0.7 ± 0.3 Gy for groups A and B, respectively, with no significant difference between the groups. WRO cells showed a cell cycle relatively slow: 96,3h with an unstable karyotype. The genotoxic test showed a relatively high radioresistance (0.07 to 3.70 MBq/mL), with no statistical significance, with or without r-hTSH. However, the cytotoxic assay, showed a tendency to decrease at higher concentrations of 1.85 (p <0.05) and 3.70 MBq/ml (p <0.01) only in the presence of r-hTSH, coincident with the highest level of uptake. WRO cells were also relatively radioresistant to external irradiation of {sup 60}Co in the range of 0.2-8.3 Gy, with a gradual decrease in function of time for higher doses (10,20 and 40Gy).The data obtained showed little cytogenetic damage in patients upon therapeutic exposure, suggesting a safe and effective treatment for both groups of patients. Patients in group A, however, had a better quality of life by using r-hTSH. In vitro studies with internal ({sup 131}I) and external ({sup 60}Co) irradiation, with or without r-hTSH, point to the need for an alternative therapeutic strategy to overcome the loss of ability of thyroid cells (WRO) to concentrate radioiodine, which is responsible for the failure of radioiodine therapy in patients with DTC. (author)

Study by Monte Carlo simulation of the absorbed dose in cells of breast cancer of the line MDA-MB231, due to sources of {sup 111}In, {sup 177}Lu and {sup 99m}Tc internalized in the nucleus. First results; Estudio por simulacion Monte Carlo de la dosis absorbida en celulas de cancer de seno de la linea MDA-MB231, debida a fuentes de {sup 11I}n, {sup 177}Lu y {sup 99m}Tc internalizadas en el nucleo. Primeros resultados

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Rojas C, E. L.; Perez A, M., E-mail: leticia.rojas@inin.gob.mx [ININ, Carretera Mexico-Toluca s/n, 52750 Ocoyoacac, Estado de Mexico (Mexico)

2011-11-15

The necessity to design innovative treatments and to diagnose the cancer early, has taken to investigate therapies at cellular and molecular level. The design of appropriate radio-molecules to these therapies makes necessary to characterize in way exhaustive radionuclides that they are of accessible production in our country and to study as distributing the dose at cellular level with bio-molecules glued them. In this context, was realized the present work. Using Monte Carlo simulation, the energy deposited in a geometric model of cells of breast cancer was obtained, MDA-MB231, due to different radionuclides. The energy deposited in the nucleus was evaluated, in the cytoplasm and in the membrane of the cell, using the simulation code Monte Carlo Penelope 2008. A punctual source was simulated in the center of the cell nucleus. In each case all the emissions of each radionuclide majors to 400 eV were simulated. The energies deposited by disintegration in the nucleus, cytoplasm, membrane of the cell and in a sphere of 2 cm surrounding the source (in eV) were: 4.30E3, 4.85E2, 1.07E2 and 3.29E4, correspondingly, for the {sup 111}In; 4.46E3, 3.76E3, 1.26E3 and 1.33E5 for the {sup 177}Lu and; 2.12E3, 2.58E2, 9.33E1 and 1.88E4 for the {sup 99m}Tc. We can conclude that if the union of these radionuclides happens to a compound that was internalized to the cell nucleus, the best for therapy at this level is the conjugate with the {sup 177}Lu, followed by that with {sup 111}In and in third place that with {sup 99m}Tc. (Author)

Pathogenesis of Intrapulmonary Haemorrhage in Dogs Exposed to Pulsed Fission-Spectrum Neutrons; Pathogenese de l'Hemorragie Intrapulmonaire chez des Chiens Exposes a des Neutrons de Fission Pulses; Patogenez vnutrilegochnykh krovoizliyanij u sobak pri obluchenii impul'snymi nejtronami spektra deleniya; Patogenesis de la Hemorragia Intrapulmonar en Perros Expuestos a Neutrones de Fision Pulsados

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Jones, R. K.; Engel, R. E.; Godden, W. R. [Kirtland AFB, New Mexico (United States)

1964-05-15

atteints presentaient un gonflement endothelial extremement marque, mais leur tunique moyenne ne presentait pas de modifications essentielles. On notait egalement une hemorragie peribronchiale au niveau des arteres pulmonaires atteintes. La pathogenese de ces alterations semble etre liee primitivement a une deterioration de l 'endothelium provoquee par les neutrons de fission puises; un facteur complementaire est vraisemblablement la thrombocytopenie, puisqu'on a constate que le nombre de megacaryocytes de la moelle etait inversement proportionnel a'la gravite de l'hemorragie intiapulmonaire. (author) [Spanish] La comparacion de las alteraciones de los tejidos en perros expuestos a rayos X de 250 kVp y a un haz pulsado de neutrones de fision, efectuada anteriormente en el mismo laboratorio, revelo que las reacciones son similares en lineas generales. Sin embargo, los pulmones de los animales expuestos a neutrones de fision son mucho mas propensos a las hemorragias peribronquiales y perivasculares. Los autores han intentado definir la patogenesis de esta lesion exponiendo 5 sabuesos a una dosis de 400 rad (dosis maxima admisible) de un haz de neutrones rapidos procedentes de un reactor tipo GODIVA (sin reflector) y sacrificando luego los animales a intervalos regulares. Cinco dias despues de la irradiacion, se manifestaron serias alteraciones patologicas constituidas por pequenas hemorragias pulmonares esporadicas en la periferia. Hacia el noveno dia, el numero de estas hemorragias aumenta progresivamente. Los cambios mas notables ocurren a los 13 dias y consisten en extensas hemorragias perivasculares en torno a las ramas de la arteria pulmonar, desde el hilio hasta la superficie de la pleura. Las primeras modificaciones histologicas en los pulmones se observaron a los cinco dias: se trata de zonas focales bien delimitadas de congestion alveolar, acompanadas por una hinchazon de las celulas del endotelio capilar y una leve extravasacion alveolar de los hematies. Estos

Microbiological Studies on the Influence of Combined Processes of Heat and Irradiation on the Survival of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Var. Ellipsoideus; Etudes Microbiologiques sur l'Influence d'un Traitement Mixte par Chauffage et Irradiation sur la Survie de Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Var. Ellipsoideus; Mikrobiologicheskie issledovaniya vliyaniya sovmestnykh protsessov nagreva i oblucheniya na vyzhivanie saccharomyces Cerevisiae Var. Ellipsoideus; Estudios Microbiologicos de la Influencia del Calentamiento e Irradiacion Combinados Sobre la Supervivencia del Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Var. Ellipsoideus

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Stehlik, G.; Kaindl, K. [Institute for Biology and Agriculture, Reaktorzentrum, Seibersdorf (Austria)

1966-11-15

survie obtenues a des temperatures differentes, on constate que, dans le cas d'une irradiation a une temperature superieure a 40 Degree-Sign C, le traitement simultane produit un effet synergique prononce, qui atteint deux ordres de grandeur pour 150 krad. En partant de ces resultats, on procede actuellement a une etude des possibilites techniques de ce traitement sur des jus de pomme et de raisin. (author) [Spanish] Uno de los principales temas de investigacion incluidos en el programa internacional relativo a la irradiacion de frutas y zumos de fruta que se viene ejecutando en Seibersdorf se refiere al problema de la radio- sensibilizacion de microorganismos. Para estudiar los efectos del tratamiento termico y del tratamiento por irradiacion sobre la supervivencia de las celulas de levadura (formacion de colonias), se sometio a un tratamiento combinado de aplicacion de calor y de irradiacion gamma (fuente: {sup 60}Co), al comienzo de su fase de desarrollo logaritmico, una cepa de elevada radiorresistencia -Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. ellipsoideus - cultivada en un medio nutritivo semisintetico. El calor se aplico inmediatamente antes de la irradiacion, durante esta o inmediatamente despues. Las temperaturas estuvieron comprendidas entre 20 y 52,5 Degree-Sign C. La irradiacion se realizo con dosis de hasta 0,3 x 10{sup 6} rad, en un tubo de vidrio, bien aireado. El efecto inhibidor de este tratamiento combinado depende del orden en que se suceden la aplicacion del calor y la irradiacion, habiendose llegado a las siguientes conclusiones: la combinacion mas eficaz consiste en simultanear el tratamiento termico con el tratamiento por irradiacion; esta combinacion resulta menos eficaz cuando la irradiacion a la temperatura ambiente tiene lugar a continuacion del tratamiento termico; la combinacion de eficacia minima consiste en proceder al tratamiento termico despues de haberse efectuado la irradiacion a la temperatura ambiente. El tratamiento termico combinado con la

Study of multilevel inverters with extended functions; Estudio de inversores multinivel con funciones ampliadas

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Miranda Vidales, Homero

2007-06-15

pueden conmutar a muy baja frecuencia entregando a la salida una forma de onda con muy baja distorsion armonica. Un filtro activo de potencia esta disenado para la compensacion de armonicas, regulacion, etcetera. Por lo tanto es necesario realizar un estudio que permita extender las funciones del filtro activo de tal manera que sea un equipo capaz de realizar otro tipo de funciones. En este trabajo se estudia al convertidor multinivel con celdas en cascada para funciones extendidas. En donde la funcion principal esta en la etapa de potencia del filtro activo de corriente. Ademas, se estudian dos posibilidades que permitan extender su funcionamiento como un STATCOM y un filtro con capacidad regenerativa. El estudio implica proponer uno o varios esquemas de control para cada una de las funciones ya sea de manera independiente o en conjunto. El capitulo II presenta un analisis de la topologia hibrida asimetrica con relacion 3:1 en las fuentes de CD. Este convertidor se utiliza en la etapa de potencia del filtro activo. Tambien se propone un esquema para obtener la corriente de referencia. En este capitulo se aborda el diseno de dos esquemas de control los cuales estan basados en la teoria del control lineal y no lineal. En el Capitulo III se estudian las funciones ampliadas del convertidor multinivel. Primero se presenta un estudio sobre la funcion como STATCOM. Para esta funcion se propone un esquema de control el cual permite realizar la funcion de filtro activo y STATCOM a la vez. En la segunda parte se estudia el inversor multinivel con capacidad de regeneracion. En esta parte del capitulo se realiza una modificacion de la estructura que ayuda a desempenar esta funcion. El capitulo IV contiene las discusiones y conclusiones de los resultados obtenidos en la tesis. En la ultima parte del capitulo se comentan algunas lineas de investigacion futuras y finalmente se muestran los articulos derivados de esta tesis. Se incluyen tambien seis apendices que complementan el

Critical Survey of the Analysis of Microscopic Distribution of some Bone-Seeking Radionuclides and Assessment of Absorbed Dose; Analyse de la Distribution Microscopique de Radionucleides Osteophiles et Determination de la Dose Absorbee; Kriticheskij obzor dannykh analiza mikroskopicheskogo raspredeleniya otkladyvayushchikhsya v kostyakh radioizotopov i opredelenie pogloshchennoj dozy; Estudio Critico de la Distribucion Microscopica de Algunos Radionuclidos Osteofilos y Evaluacion de la Dosis Absorbida

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Jee, W. S.S.

1964-10-15

distribucion completa en el espacio y en el tiempo de una dosis en un tejido oseo dado representa una labor improba. La distribucion microscopica de los radionuclidos osteofilos (radio-226, estroncio-90, plutonio-239 y radiotorio-228) en el esqueleto ilustran nitidamente la complejidad del problema. Se describen, con referencia al radio y al plutonio, las caracteristicas de la dosis inicial de irradiacion y las caracteristicas alteradas con el transcurso del tiempo, insistiendose particularmente en la falta de uniformidad de la distribucion de la dosis en los huesos y en diferentes lugares dentro de' un tejido oseo determinado. Por ejemplo, los depositos superficiales maximos de plutonio en la trabecula vertebral son 1,5 veces mas activos que las concentraciones maximas en la trabecula de la metafisis femoral. Las razones entre las dosis provenientes de depositos superficiales de plutonio en diversos lugares del femur distal son: trabecula de la metafisis, 3; endostio, 2,6; trabecula de la epffisis, 1,5; conductos de Havers, 1,2; periostio, 1. El deposito superficial maximo localizado en las trabeculas vertebrales es de 35 a 66 veces mayor que la dosis media calculada que corresponde a la cantidad retenida en todo el organismo. La alteracion de la localizacion inicial no uniforme del radio y del plutonio con el tiempo se examina en relacion con el caracter de la renovacion celular del tejido oseo y con la perdida del radionuclido por intercambio a largo plazo. Por ultimo, un ejemploi de medicion de las dosis locales de irradiacion debidas al plutonio y al radio, en el que se tiene en cuenta el volumen de las celulas irradiadas, que se relaciona con la cantidad retenida en todo el organismo y con la incidencia de tumores, se utiliza para evaluar la toxicidad del plutonio referida al radio y demostrar la utilidad de algunos conocimientos acerca de la distribucion microscopica de la dosis de irradiacion. (author) [Russian] Proizvodilos' issledovanie detal'nogo mikroskopicheskogo

Usos de Twitter durante el 15M. El caso de la prensa catalana

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan Linares-Lanzman

2015-03-01

de rédaction. Durante as primeiras manifestações do 15M ou movimento dos indignados,milhares de usuários espanhóis se conectaram ao Twitter na medida em quese multiplicam as informações sobre o movimento neste meio. Estas serviram para o 15M organizar e difundir, muitas vezes em tempo real, assuntos relevantes sobre as manifestações. Este artigo é um estudo de caso que mostra alguns usos jornalísticos do Twitter nesse período, aplicado ao caso específico do 15M na Catalunha, já que Barcelona (a Acampada de Barcelona foi um dos principais acampamentos do movimento. O objetivo é explorar como foram as rotinas das redações jornalísticas no Twitter, e se foi produzida e como, uma hibridação entre as funções de jornalistas e usuários da ferramenta. Realizamos entrevistas com jornalistas das principais redações catalãs e combinamos com uma análise de conteúdo de alguns tweets publicados entre os dias 15 de maio e 19 de junho de 2011, período conhecido como o da “explosão do movimento”. Os resultados deste artigo sugerem que, motivados por uma grande necessidade por informações sobre o que estava acontecendo, os jornalistas optaram por buscar no Twitter novas fontes, especialmente da rede do 15M, constituída por nós dos acampamentos e da Democracia Real Ya, a plataforma responsável pelas manifestações do 15 de maio de 2011. No decorrer do 15M se instalou uma rotina jornalística que superou a lógica de simplesmente acessar e dar crédito a fontes de informação previamente reconhecidas, como as agências de notícias e o outras mídias, mas foi utilizada uma nova fórmula, que permitiu aos jornalistas dar mais amplitude e profundidade às notícias e informações sobre o 15M. Este fato leva à necessidade de se pensaros modelos do jornalismo do tipo participativo, em que as mídias sociais e algumas funções jornalísticas tradicionais podem ser exercidas por outros usuários, incluindo desconhecidos, que atuam fora das redações.

The Biological Effect of Fast Neutrons and High-Energy Protons; Effets Biologiques des Neutrons Rapides et des Protons de Haute Energie; Biologicheskoe dejstvie bystrykh nejtronov i protonov vysokikh ehnergii; Efectos Biologicos de los Neutrones Rapidos y de los Protones de Elevada Energia

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Moskalev, Ju. I.; Petrovich, I. K.; Strel' cova, V. N.

1964-03-15

frecuencia y rapidez de formacion de tumores en la rata, en funcion de la dosis aplicada y del tiempo transcurrido a partir de' la irradiacion. En el experimento con neutrones utilizaron 573 ratas blancas y en el experimento con protones, 490. Expusieron los animales a dosis neutronicas de 8,5 a 510 rad, y dosis protonicas comprendidas entre 28 y 1008 rad. Tanto para los neutrones rapidos como para los protones, establecieron el valor de la dosis efectiva aguda, subaguda y cronica. La DL{sup 30}{sub 50} para los neutrones asciende a 408 rad y a 600 rad para los protones; las respectivas dosis DL{sup 120}{sub 50} son 380 rad y 600 rad. Los autores estudiaron las leyes que rigen la mortalidad de los sujetos en experimentos breves y prolongados. Demuestran que la sobrevivencia de los mismos, cuando se ios irradia con neutrones rapidos, es independiente del sexo. La forma de la curva dosis/efecto para los diversos Indices de la sangre periferica no solo depende de la radiosensibilidad de las celulas sanguineas correspondientes, sino tambien del perfodo de observacion. Puede sufrir modificaciones sensibles en funcion del tiempo para un mismo indice. Algun tiempo despues de la irradiacion, tanto con neutrones rapidos como con protones, se observan en las ratas tumores de caracter benigno o maligno en diversos tejidos, entre ellos en los de los arganos hematopoyeticos, las glandulas mamarias, la hipofisis, el utero, los ovarios, la prostata, los testiculos, la tiroides, el timo y el pancreas, las glandulas suprarrenales, el higado, los rinones, los pulmones, el tracto gastrointestinal, el tejido hipodermico, los ganglios linfaticos, la vejiga, etc. La frecuencia total de los tumores y el numero de casos de formacion multicentrica de neoplasias es de 2 a 3 veces mayor en las hembras que en los machos. La dosis tumorigena minima en las glandulas mamarias, en la irradiacion neutronica, parece ser algo inferior a 42,5 rad. La frecuencia maxima de los tumores de la hipofisis se observa

Radioautography in the Study of Radioisotopically-Tagged Substances in Insect Control; L'autoradiographie dans l'etude de substances marquees au moy en de radioisotopes utilisees dans la lutte contre les insectes; Primenenie radioavtografii pri izuchenii substantsij, mechennykh radioizotopami, v bor'be s nasekomymi; La autorradiografia en el estudio de las sustancias marcadas con radioisotopos utilizadas en la lucha contra los insectos

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Joftes, D. L. [New England Deaconess Hospital, Boston, MA (United States)

1963-09-15

decrit en detail les methodes recommandees ainsi que le materiel necessaire, qui est simple et dont disposent generalement les laboratoires. (author) [Spanish] Las nuevas tecnicas autorradiograficas simplificadas requieren cierto esfuerzo pero permiten obtener una gran sensibilidad y exactitud al nivel microscopico en el estudio de los insecticidas marcados con uno o dos radioisotopos, y, en particular, en el de la absorcion, traslocacion, metabolismo y determinacion de residuos en plantas, insectos y los animales.' Con ellas se pueden estudiar tambien la fisiologia y la bioquimica de los insectos irradiados. Se estan investigando con timidina tritiada los efectos de las radiaciones sobre los organos reproductores. Las tecnicas de recuento dan informacion general sobre la presencia y la cantidad de los radioisotopos, mientras que la autorradiografia proporciona datos sobre el lugar exacto de fijacion en los tejidos e incluso en partes de la celula. Este poder de resolucion se alcanza con preparados histologicos ordinarios que pueden conservarse, contrariamente a lo que sucede con las tecnicas de recuento que exigen, si se quiere lograr mayor exactitud, la destruccion de la muestra. La autorradiografia corriente es particularmente util para analizar por metodos muy sencillos fracciones de microcurie de emisores muy debiles como el radiocarbono ( {sup 14}C) y el tritio ({sup 3}H), mientras que las tecnicas de recuento requieren en estos casos un instrumental muy complicado y costoso. Esta tecnica no impone limitacion alguna en cuanto a los isotopos que pueden emplearse como indicadores, porque la emulsion nuclear registra incluso las radiaciones del tritio y del {sup 14}C. En realidad, el tritio y el {sup 14}C (que son convenientes puesto que casi todos los insecticidas contienen carbono o hidrogeno) tienen la ventaja de dar autorradiografias'de elevado poder de resolucion y, como son de periodo largo, permiten tiempos de exposicion muy prolongados. Estos tiempos de