Sample records for caribe pinus caribaea
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Growth and provenance variation of Pinus caribaea var ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
CAMCORE has visited 33 populations of Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis in Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Quintana Roo, Mexico. Seed collections have been made in 29 provenances from 1, 325 mother trees. A total of 21 provenances and sources of Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis were ...
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The flexural properties of young Pinus elliottii × Pinus caribaea var ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
The objectives of this study were to determine the bending strength and stiffness properties of young Pinus elliottii × P. caribaea var. hondurensis timber from the Southern Cape, South Africa, and to evaluate the predictability of these properties from acoustic measurements on standing trees, logs and their sawn boards.
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Survival prognosis in plantations of Pinus caribaea Morelet var. caribaea Barrett & Golfari
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Ouorou Ganni Mariel Guera
2018-01-01
Full Text Available The present study was carried out with the objective of obtaining regression equations and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs for the prognosis of Pinus caribaea var. caribaea survival in Macurije Forest Company, province of Pinar del Río - Cuba. The data used in the modeling comes from the measurement of the variables age (years and survival (density in circular permanent plots of 500 m² established in P. caribaea var. caribaea plantations. The study was divided into three stages: i Adjustment of survival traditional regression models; ii Training of ANNs for survival prognosis, including categorical variables «site» and «Basic Units of Forest Production»; iii Comparison of regression equations performance with those of ANNs in survival prognosis. The best models and ANNs were selected based on: adjusted determination coefficient - R2aj (%, square root of the mean square error - RMSE (% and residue distribution analysis. The evaluation of the models goodness of fit also included the verification of the assumptions of normality, homocedasticity and absence of serial autocorrelation in the residues by Kolmogorov-Smirnov, White and Durbin-Watson tests, respectively. The model of Pienaar and Shiver (1981 turned out to be the best fit in survival prognosis. The ANN MLP 13-10-1 was the one with the best generalization capacity and presented a performance similar to that of Pienaar and Shiver equation.
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Waterloo, M.J.; Bruijnzeel, L.A.; Vugts, H.F.; Rawaqa, T.T.
1999-01-01
Wet canopy and dry canopy evaporation from young and mature plantations of Pinus caribaea on former grassland soils under maritime tropical conditions in southwestern Viti Levu, Fiji, were determined using micrometeorological and hydrological techniques. Modeled annual evaporation totals (ET) of
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Waterloo, M.J.; Bruijnzeel, L.A.; Vugts, H.F.; Rawaqa, T.T.
1999-01-01
Wet canopy and dry canopy evaporation from young and mature plantations of Pinus caribaea on former grassland soils under maritime tropical conditions in southwestern Viti Levu, Fiji, were determined using micrometeorological and hydrological techniques. Modeled annual evaporation totals (ET) of
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F. Márquez Montesino
2001-01-01
Full Text Available Los residuos forestales y de plantas agrícolas leñosas constituyen recursos potenciales con interesantes posibilidades de aprovechamiento tecnológico, entre los que cabe destacar el empleo de procesos termoquímicos, combustión, gasificación y pirólisis. La valoración energética de un determinado material debe considerar como elemento fundamental su poder calorífico. En el presente trabajo se presentan los resultados obtenidos sobre las posibilidades de aprovechamiento energético de diversos residuos forestales, abundantes en la provincia de Pinar del Río tales como Pinus caribaea Morelet var. Caribaea (Pc, y Pinus tropicalis Morelet (Pt; madera de eucaliptos, Eucaliptus saligna Smith (Es, Eucalyptus citriodora Hook (Ec y Eucalytus pellita F. Muell (Ep; carbonizados de aserrín preparados a escala de laboratorio, a una temperatura de 700 °C y 2 horas de carbonización y carbones vegetales preparados en horno de parva a partir de Pinus caribaea Morelet var. caribaea, (Costanera, (PcC y otras maderas de especies naturales tales como Dicrostachys cinerea, Wight & Arm., (Marabú, (Dc; Conocarpus erecta L., (Yana, (Ce; Quercus oleoide C. y S. var. Sagreana C.H. Mull, (Encina, (Qo y Guasuma tomentosa HBK, (Guásima (Gt. Se ha establecido una ecuación que correlaciona el poder calorífico de diversos materiales biomásicos con sus contenidos en materia volátil y carbono fijo, a través de un análisis por regresión lineal múltiple. Esta ecuación ha resultado ser válida para residuos agroforestales húmedos, secos o carbonizados con distinto grado de carbonización, obteniéndose valores de poderes caloríficos del orden de 4.500 kcal⋅kg-1 (20 kJ⋅g-1 para las biomasas estudiadas y de hasta 8000 kcal⋅kg-1 (33,5 kJ⋅g-1 para los carbones vegetales obtenidos en el laboratorio. Por tanto, estos materiales presentan atractivas posibilidades de aprovechamiento energético como materia prima, dada la disponibilidad potencial de estos
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Contenido de carotenos en el follaje de Pinus caribaea Morelet y Pinus tropicalis Morelet
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Rolando Quert Álvarez
1997-08-01
Full Text Available Se realizó un análisis del material vegetal de las especies Pinus caribaea Morelet y Pinus tropicalis Morelet, con el objetivo de determinar su contenido de caroteno tomando como base las condiciones y tiempo de exposición del follaje de las especies objeto de estudio al sol y a la sombra, y teniendo en cuenta la extracción del aceite esencias como factores influyentes en la variación de las concentraciones de caroteno. Para determinar el contenido de caroteno se tomaron muestras del follaje entre 1 y 20 d, expuesto a las condiciones de trabajo en intervalos de 1, 3, 6, 10 y 20 d, tanto antes como después de extraer el aceite esencial. Los resultados obtenidos para ambas especies demostraron que el follaje expuesto a la sombra contiene un mayor porcentaje de caroteno que el expuesto al sol, como era de esperar; el tiempo de exposición influye significativamente en este contenido, así como la extracción del aceite esencial que aumenta el contenido de caroteno; los valores máximos fueron de 130,7 y 157,2 mg/kg de follaje y los mínimos de 55,3 y 57,2 mg/kg de follaje para Pinus caribaea Morelet y Pinus tropicalis Morelet respectivamente.An analysis of the vegetable material from the species Pinus cariabaea Morelet and Pinus tropicalis Morelet was carried out and their content of carotene was determined taking as the basis the conditions and time of exposure of the foliage of the species studied to the sun and shade, and also taking into account the extraction of the essential oil as factors influencing on the variation of carotene concentrations. For the determination of the carotene content, samples of the foliage between 1 and 20 exposed to working conditions at intervals of 1, 3, 6, 10 and 20 d were taken, both before and after the extraction of the essential oil. Results obteined from both species showed that the foliage exposed to shade contains a higher percentage of carotene than the one exposed to the sun, as it was expected to
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Juana Teresa Suárez Sarria
2013-12-01
Full Text Available Mathematical modelling constitutes a very useful tool for the planning and administration of the forest ecosystems. With the objective of predicting the behavior of volume by hectare of Pinus caribaea Moreletvar. caribaea. Barret y Golfari plantations at the «Jazmines» Silvicultural Unit, Viñales, seven non-lineal regression models were evaluated. The best goodness of fit model was the volume per hectare was the one designed by Hossfeld I, with a determining coefficient of 63, 9 % with a high significance parameter (P <0.001. The description curves for the annual mean increment with the time (IMA and the annual periodical increment (ICA of this variables were provided.
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Waterloo, M.J.; Bruijnzeel, L.A.; Vugts, H.F.; Rawaqa, T.T.
1999-01-01
Wet canopy and dry canopy evaporation from young and mature plantations of Pinus caribaea on former grassland soils under maritime tropical conditions in southwestern Viti Levu, Fiji, were determined using micrometeorological and hydrological techniques. Modeled annual evaporation totals (ET) of 1926 and 1717 mm were derived for the 6- and the 15-year-old stands, respectively. Transpiration made up 72% and 70% of annual ET, and modeled rainfall interception by the trees and litter layer was 2...
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Carlos Frederico Wilcken
2005-02-01
Full Text Available Larvas de Migdolus fryanus Westwood (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae foram encontradas danificando raízes de mudas de P. caribaea var. hondurensis (Sénéel Barr. & Golf. no Estado de São Paulo. Isso aumenta a importância dessa espécie, cujos danos, em espécies florestais, têm aumentado, principalmente, em plantios de eucalipto. Esse é o primeiro registro de M. fryanus em plantios de Pinus, e o referido inseto pode ser considerado uma nova praga dessa espécie florestal. Detalhes das características morfológicas e biológicas, danos e possíveis métodos de controle de M. fryanus são discutidos.Larvae of Migdolus fryanus Westwood (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae were found damaging roots of young plants of P. caribaea hondurensis (Sénéel Barr. & Golf. in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. This fact increases the importance of this species because the damages have been increasing in forest species specially in eucalyptus plantations. This is the first record of M. fryanus in pine plantations and this insect can be considered a pest of pine plants. Details on the morphology and biological characteristics, damage and possible control methods to M. fryanus are discussed.
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Xylose-rich polysaccharides from the primary walls of embryogenic cell line of Pinus caribaea.
Mollard, A; Domon, J M; David, H; Joseleau, J P
1997-08-01
Embryogenic cell lines of Pinus caribaea were isolated from somatic embryogenesis from zygotic embryos. Previous studies showed that the proteins and glycoproteins were characteristic of the embryogenic state. In the present work we were seeking typical feature in the polysaccharide from the cell walls of embryogenic calli at nine days of culture. Sequential extraction with water, ammonium oxalate, dimethyl sulfoxide, sodium borohydride and 4.3 M potassium hydroxide revealed that the extracted polysaccharides contained high proportions of arabinose and significant amounts of xylose. Fractionation of the hydrosoluble polymers on DEAE cellulose afforded a xylose-rich fraction (80% xylose, 24% glucose and lower properties of fucose and mannose). Methylation analysis and 13C-NMR spectra showed that the glycan backbone consisted of beta 1 --> 4 linked xylosyl residues Similar study of the fractions extracted respectively with DMSO and 4.3 M KOH showed the presence of polydisperse glycoxylans but excluded the presence of xyloglucan in significant amount. This could be a characteristic feature of embryogenic cells walls of Pinus caribaea or could be typical of cells grown as calluses. In the various fractions obtained from DEAE cellulose chromatography of the alkaline extract the infrequent occurrence of fucoxylans beside an arabinogalactan showed again the unusual nature of the cell wall polymers of this embryogenic lines, which seems to differ greatly from those found in the primary wall of cells from suspension cultures.
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Jorge Luis Santana Romero
2002-08-01
Full Text Available Se estudió la biodistribución y la farmacocinética de taninos condensados purificados y marcados radioisotópicamente, extraídos a partir de la corteza de las especies forestales Pinus caribaea Morelet var caribaea y Casuarina equisetifolia previa administración por vía oral y endovenosa, con el empleo de ratones como biomodelo. Los taninos estudiados, con una alta capacidad antioxidante y diferenciados por la propiedad de formar complejos con proteínas, presentaron una rápida biodistribución hacia los diferentes órganos y tejidos, con manifestaciones de un importante acúmulo en el estómago e intestinos. Los taninos de ambas especies describen una biodistribución que se ajusta a un modelo bicompartimental de distribución. Se reportan los parámetros farmacocinéticos como tiempo de residencia medio, aclaramiento total, área bajo la curva, biodisponibilidad e instante de tiempo en que ocurre la máxima incorporación a partir de las curvas del aclaramiento sanguíneo.Biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of radioisotope-labeled and purified condensed tannins from Pinus caribaea Morelet var caribaea and Casuarina equisetifolia barks were studied after they were orally and intravenously administered to mice which served as biomodels. The studied tannins, known as strong antioxidants and protein complex ligands, showed a rapid biodistribution into several organs and tissues. Accumulation of these substances in the stomach and intestines was significant. Tannins from both species described a biodistribution that adapted to a biocompartimental model of distribution. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as mean residence time, total clearance, area under the curve, bioavailability and the moment when the maximum incorporation occurs were estimated from the blood clearance curves.
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Marcelo Carnier Dornelas
2005-01-01
Full Text Available In angiosperms, flower formation is controlled by meristem identity genes, one of which, FLORICAULA (FLO/LEAFY (LFY, plays a central role. It is not known if the formation of reproductive organs of pre-angiosperm species is similarly regulated. Here, we report the cloning of a conifer (Pinus caribaea var. caribaea FLO/LFY homolog, named PcLFY. This gene has a large C-terminal region of high similarity to angiosperm FLO/LFY orthologs and shorter regions of local similarity. In contrast to angiosperms, conifers have two divergent genes resembling LFY. Gymnosperm FLO/LFY proteins constitute a separate clade, that can be divided into two divergent groups. Phylogenetic analysis of deduced protein sequences has shown that PcLFY belongs to the LFY-like clade. Northern hybridization analysis has revealed that PcLFY is preferentially expressed in developing female cones but not in developing male cones. This expression pattern was confirmed by in situ hybridization and is consistent with the hypothesis of PcLFY being involved in the determination of the female cone identity. Additionally, mutant complementation experiments have shown that the expression of the PcLFY coding region, driven by the Arabidopsis LFY promoter, can confer the wild-type phenotype to lfy-26 transgenic mutants, suggesting that both gymnosperm and angiosperm LFY homologs share the same biological role.
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Yrma Gómez
2008-12-01
Full Text Available Una gran extensión (615000 has de las sabanas nativas de los Llanos Orientales de Venezuela está siendo reemplazada por plantaciones de Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis; sin embargo, hasta ahora existe escasa información sobre el impacto de este manejo del suelo sobre los parámetros indicadores de la dinámica del carbono en el suelo. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el efecto de la variabilidad temporal y la sustitución sobre el contenido de carbono orgánico total (COT, carbono hidrosoluble (CHS, carbono microbiano (Cmic, respiración basal (RB, cociente metabólico microbiano (qCO2 y la relación Cmic/Corg. Las propiedades químicas y parámetros biológicos seleccionados fueron determinados en plantaciones de P. caribaea de 3 y 29 años de edad y en una sabana nativa adyacente a estas plantaciones, la cual fue considerada como control. En cada sitio de muestreo recolectamos nueve muestras compuestas (0-10 cm de profundidad. Los parámetros estudiados no mostraron un patrón definido in relación a la variabilidad temporal. Hay mayor preservación del carbono dentro de la biomasa microbiana presente en suelos de Uverito en plantaciones de pinos. La tasa de respiración basal y el cociente metabólico indican que en estos suelos existe una comunidad microbiana poco activa, la cual es más eficiente en la utilización del carbono en las plantaciones de pino. La relación Cmic/Corg indica que en las plantaciones la biomasa microbiana constituye una importante reserva del carbono en el suelo. La sabana nativa a plantaciones de pino caribeño en estos suelos puede ser considerada un manejo efectivo para incrementar la calidad del suelo en los llanos orientales de Venezuela, siempre y cuando se tome en cuenta la importancia ecológica de las sabanas.Substitution of native savanna by Pinus caribaea (Pinaceae plantations in Venezuela: effect on parameters that indicated changes in soil carbon content. A great extension (615 000
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Thinnings by site index in plantations of Pinus caribaea Morelet var caribaea Barrer and Golfari
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Pedro Antonio Álvarez Olivera
2014-06-01
Full Text Available A forest mensuration database from plantations of Pinus caribaea Morelet var caribae a Barret and Golfari was used. The species was planted in the western region of Cuba. Objective was determining the yield by site index, with the necessary clearings and thinning to maintain similar increments of diameter and of volume, with approach to the biological rotation of the species. The available literature was consulted on growth and production of the species. With the application of the software SPSS 15.0 and of Microsoft Excel the curves were obtained adjusted by the mathematical pattern of Schumacher formula to obtain yield tables, previously selected the intervals of indexes of sites. With the Stefan graph of diameters and width crowns was determined the thinning, application according to accumulated basal area, what was supplemented with the statistical models The objectives were completed expressed in the conclusions to the application of the results obtained by the means of consulted information. The site indexes go from 14 to 26 m for basic age of 30 years. The increments allow a valuation economic practice of application of logging by site index at rotation fixed.
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Mónica Bibiana Sarmiento Oviedo
2011-10-01
Full Text Available Given the day-to-day accumulation of sawdust, a byproduct of the milling process of the Pinus caribaea species in the Wood industry of Refocosta, a composting process was tested in three treatments with different nitrogen sources (urea, industrial palm oil sludge, cattle dung and it was compared with composted pine bark and sawdust exposed to the weather. To assess possible inhibition of the substrates, the fresh biomass and germination of Zea maize and Acacia mangium was measured. Seedlings of Pinus caribaea, eucalyptus Pellita and Acacia Mangium were transplanted, and two months later the stem length, strength and survival were assessed. There were differences between maize and Acacia mangium and a lower germination and biomass in the substrates, sawdust and bark exposed to the weather and without composting were observed. The vigor and stem length were significantly better in composted bark, substrate which is currently used in the vivarium of Refocosta to produce seedlings; the sawdust-based substrates showed marked deficits (red colors, necrosis and stunting.
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Productivity and adaptation of Pinus in the north litoral of Bahia
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Barros Ferraz, E.S. de; Rezende, M.A.
1986-01-01
The productivity and climatic adaptation of two species of Pinus in the north litoral of Bahia State has been studied through the variability of wood density in a comercial plantation. The gamma-ray attenuation method of the 100 mCi 241-Am source, 59,6 KeV, was used for density variability analysis. The results show that Pinus caribaea hondurensis is better adapted to the region than Pinus caribaea caribaea, with a superior mean productivity of 26% at 8 years. (Author) [pt
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Alicia MERCADET
2014-01-01
Full Text Available En Cuba no existen antecedentes sobre cómo abordar de forma integrada la producción de madera para aserrío y la retención de carbono. Se establecieron 30 parcelas temporales de 500 m 2 en plantaciones de Pinus caribaea Morelet var. caribaea Barret y Golfari en la región de Tope de Collantes, ubicada en el macizo montañoso de Guamuhaya, provincia Sancti Spiritus, Cuba; en ellas se midieron el diámetro normal (d 1,30 , la altura total y el grosor de corteza por árbol (GCa, calculando el volumen total con corteza por árbol (VTcca, el rendimiento por hectárea (R y la retención de carbono (C. Se analizaron las tendencias de variación de estas variables con el espaciamiento manteniendo fijos los efectos sitio y edad primero y confundiendo el efecto sitio dentro del efecto espaciamiento después. En todos los casos el d 1,30 y el VTcca presentaron tendencias ascendentes con el aumento del espaciamiento, en tanto que el GCa, el R y el C presentaron tendencias descendentes, sugiriendo que para combinar la producción de madera para aserrío con la retención de carbono, resulta conveniente identificar un espaciamiento de compromiso entre ambas variables, que para esta especie y en estas condiciones resultó ser de 990 árboles*ha -1 , equivalente a 3,2 m x 3,2 m. In Cuba there are no precedents about how to manage wood plantations for sawmill, together with carbon retention. There were used 30 temporal plots (500 m 2 each in plantations of Pinus caribaea M. var. caribaea B. & G. in Tope de Collantes, region of Cuban south-centre mountains in Sancti Spiritus province. In each plot were measured normal diameter (d 1,30 , total height and bark thickness by tree, and then it was calculated total volume with bark per tree, yield per hectare and carbon retention in order to analyse variation tendencies of those variables with spacing, using first as fixed effects site and age and then, confounding site effect within spacing. In all cases normal
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Marioly Vernhes Tamayo
2017-08-01
Full Text Available Context: The incidence of solar ultraviolet radiation (UV on Earth has increased due to diminish of the ozone layer. This enviromental agent is highly genotoxic causing numerous damage in DNA molecule. Nowadays there is a growing interest in the search of compounds capable to minimize these effects. In particular, phytocompounds have been tested as excelent candidates for their antigenotoxic properties. Aims: To evaluate the protective effect of the aqueous extract of Pinus caribaea (EPC against the damage induced by the UVB and UVC radiation. Methods: The cell-free plasmid DNA assay was employed. The forms of plasmid were separated electrophoretically in agarose gel. For genotoxic and photoprotective evaluation of P. caribaea, different concentrations of the extract (0.1 – 2.0 mg/mL and exposure times were evaluated. The CPD lesions were detected enzymatically. Additionally, the transmittance of the aqueous extract against 254 nm and 312 nm was measured. Results: None of the concentrations were genotoxic in 30 min of treatment, for superior times a clastogenic effect was observed. The EPC despite inhibiting the activity of the enzyme T4 endo V, impedes photolesions formation in DNA at concentrations ≥ 0.1 mg/mL. Conclusions: The EPC has photoprotective properties, this effect could be related with its antioxidants and absorptives capacities.
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Gasificación con CO2 de carbonizados de aserrín de Pinus caribaea Morelet var. cariba
F. Márquez-Montesino; T. Cordero-Alcántara; J. Rodríguez-Mirasol; J. J. Rodríguez-Jiménez
2004-01-01
Dada la importancia del estudio de la reactividad de los carbones con el fin de estudiar su activación, se desarrolló la gasificación con CO2 de un carbón obtenido de aserrín de Pinus caribaea. Los ensayos termogravimétricos se realizaron en un sistema modular de CI Electronics, las temperaturas de gasificación escogidas fueron 750, 775, 800 y 825 °C. Para calcular los valores de reactividad normalizada, se determinó el área de superficie por adsorción de CO2 a 273 K, en un equipo Au...
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Cándano Acosta,Fidel; Leite,Angelo Marcio Pinto; Martínez Cantón,José Luis
2012-01-01
El trabajo se realizó en bosques naturales de Pinus caribaea en áreas de la empresa forestal La Palma en la provincia de Pinar del Río - Cuba. El objetivo de la investigación fue minimizar el costo del sistema de aprovechamiento de madera a partir de la interacción entre el costo de camino y el costo de arrastre en base a la densidad de camino y patios de carga, además de la interacción del costo de camino y el costo del transporte de madera en base a la calidad de la capa de rodamiento del c...
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Vicente Pongitory Gifoni Moura
2001-02-01
Full Text Available Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis (Sénécl Barr. & Golf. is a tropical pine that naturally occurs in lowland areas of Belize, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and eastern Mexico. It has been one of the most studied tropical pines and the one with the most commercial importance in Brazil. The objective of this work was to select the best provenances for plantations and best trees in families for the establishment of seed orchards. For that a trial with five provenances and 47 open-pollinated families was planted near Planaltina, Federal District, in the Cerrado Region of Brazil. The provenances tested were Poptun (Guatemala, Gualjoco, Los Limones, El Porvenir and Santa Cruz de Yojoa (Honduras and assessed at 12 years of age. Poptun and Gualjoco had larger volume, and Los Limones and El Porvenir the lowest incidence of forks and foxtails. Individual tree heritabilities for volume, stem form and branch diameter were 0.34, 0.06, and 0.26 respectively. More than 90% of the trees had defects, common in unimproved P. caribaea. Selection criteria for quality traits need to be relaxed in the first generation of breeding to allow for larger genetic gains in productivity. Results from this test compared with P. caribaea var. hondurensis trials in other Brazilian, Colombian and Venezuelan sites suggest that provenance x site and family x site interactions are not as strong as in other pine species.Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis (Sénécl Barr. & Golf. é uma espécie tropical que ocorre naturalmente nas terras baixas de Belize, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicarágua e no leste do México. Esta espécie tem sido uma das mais estudadas entre os pinos tropicais e uma das mais importantes comercialmente no centro e norte do Brasil. O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar as melhores procedências para plantios e também as melhores árvores dentro de famílias para o estabelecimento de pomares de semente. Para isso, um experimento com cinco
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Ignacio Juan Ruibal Brunet
2003-08-01
Full Text Available Diferentes concentraciones de 6 extractos de corteza de Pinus caribaea Morelet var. caribaea se enfrentaron a 2 dosis de virus en un ensayo in vitro, sobre células MT4; la actividad antiviral se midió por ensayo inmunoenzimático de captura de proteína 24 del virus. Todas las fracciones mostraron actividad citotóxica moderada y solo una fue altamente tóxica. La fracción 02 mostró un alto porcentaje de inhibición de la replicación viral, en relación con la dosis viral y la concentración del producto, con un índice de selectividad de 100, pero son necesarios estudios adicionales sobre la identificación de la estructura química para definir el mecanismo de acción del producto.Six different fractions from the bark of Pinus caribae Moralet var. caribae were faced in five different concentrations against two viral doses (MOI 0,1 y 0,01 in a vitro assay on MT4 cell lines; the antiviral activity was measured by p24 Ag capture ELISA assay (DAVIH Agp24. All the fractions showed a mild cytotoxicity activity and only one fraction showed the highest cytotoxicity activity. The fraction 02 had the highest percentage of viral replication inhibition, correlated with the viral dose and the product concentration, having a selectivity rate of 100; however, more research about the chemical structure of active compounds, and possible mechanisms of action are needed.
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Fernando Fernández Méndez
2012-06-01
Full Text Available Resumen. Se analizó en una plantación ubicada en el bosque húmedo tropical la posibilidad que tienen las especies nativas de formar un sotobosque bajo plantaciones de Pinus caribaea y Eucalyptus pellita. Se establecieron parcelas permanentes en las plantaciones por especie, edad y tratamiento silvicultural; parcelas similares se instauraron en bosque natural y sabana. Se registraron individuos clasificados por tamaño y hábito. Se determinaron 49 familias botánicas y 102 especies. La mayor y menor diversidad se presentó en el bosque natural y en la sabana con 53 y 18 especies, respectivamente. Entre plantaciones, se encontró mayor diversidad en P. caribaea, con 46 especies, que en E. pellita con 38 especies. El cociente de mezcla indicó una vegetación heterogénea en todos los usos. Los índices Margalef y Menhinick mostraron que el bosque es más diverso, seguido de las plantaciones de mayor edad y por último la sabana. Los índices de Shannon y Simpson califican todos los sitios con vegetación heterogénea. Los tratamientos tuvieron diferencias estadísticas significativas en número de individuos, especies y categorías de tamaño, a excepción de las herbáceas. En cuanto a composición y abundancias se destacan tres grandes grupos: bosque con plantaciones maduras, plantaciones de edades intermedias y plantaciones jóvenes con sabana. Se observó una alta betadiversidad entre los tratamientos, que compartían menos del 50% de las especies y abundancias, según los índices Jaccard y Sorensen. Entre plantaciones se presentó el mayor número de especies compartidas. Se concluye que las plantaciones albergan buena cantidad de biodiversidad vegetal de sotoboque y no impiden el establecimiento de especies nativas.Abstract. It was analized in a plantation located in the tropical rainforest, the possibility that native species forming an understory in Pinus caribaea and Eucalyptus pellita plantations. Were established permanent plots
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Rolando Quert Álvarez
2000-08-01
Full Text Available Se presentan los resultados obtenidos en la cuantificación del contenido de aceite esencial de la especie Pinus caribaea Morelet endémica de Cuba, en función de la edad del árbol. El estudio se realizó con árboles existentes en áreas de la Estación Experimental Forestal de Viñales, provincia de Pinar del Río, con edades de entre 8-30 a. El tamaño de muestra fue de 3 árboles y el tiempo de destilación para la extracción del aceite esencial de 3 h. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que el contenido de aceite esencial varía significativamente con la edad del árbol en forma ascendente, con el valor más bajo (0,12 % en peso a los 8 a y el más alto (0,27 % en peso a los 30 a.The results obtained in the quantitation of the content of essential oil of the Pinus caribaea Morelet, an endemic species from Cuba, according to the age of the tree, are presented. The study was conducted with trees existing in the areas of the Experimental Forestal Station in Viñales, province of Pinar del Río, at ages 8-30. The size of the sample was of 3 trees and the distillation time for the extraction of essential oil was of 3 hours. The results obtained showed that the content of esential oil increases significantly with age. The lowest value (0.12% in weight was registered at 8 and the highest (0,27% in weight at 30.
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Waterloo, M. J.; Bruijnzeel, L. A.; Vugts, H. F.; Rawaqa, T. T.
1999-07-01
Wet canopy and dry canopy evaporation from young and mature plantations of Pinus caribaea on former grassland soils under maritime tropical conditions in southwestern Viti Levu, Fiji, were determined using micrometeorological and hydrological techniques. Modeled annual evaporation totals (ET) of 1926 and 1717 mm were derived for the 6- and the 15-year-old stands, respectively. Transpiration made up 72% and 70% of annual ET, and modeled rainfall interception by the trees and litter layer was 20-22% and 8-9% in the young and the mature stands respectively. Monthly ET was related to forest leaf area index and was much higher than that for the kind of tall fire-climax Pennisetum polystachyon grassland replaced by the forests. Grassland reforestation resulted in a maximum decrease in annual water yield of 1180 mm on a plot basis, although it is argued that a reduction of (at least) 500-700 mm would be more realistic at the catchment scale. The impact of reforesting grassland on the water resources in southwest Viti Levu is enhanced by its location in a maritime, seasonal climate in the outer tropics, which favors a larger difference between annual forest and grassland evaporation totals than do equatorial regions.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Marylin Rojas
2014-06-01
Full Text Available Forest plantations are considered the main carbon sinks thought to reduce the impact of climate change. Regarding many species, however, there is a lack of information in order to establish metrics on accumulation of biomass and carbon, principally due to the level of difficulty and the cost of quantification through direct measurement and destructive sampling. In this research, it was evaluated carbon stocks of forest plantations near the dam of hydroelectric project Cachí, which belongs to Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad. 25 unit samples were evaluated along some plantations that contain three different species. 30 Pinus caribacea trees, 14 Cupressus lusitanica and 15 Eucalyptus deglupta were extracted. The biomass was quantified by means of the destructive method. First of all, every component of the tree was weighed separately; then, sampling was obtained in order to determine the dry matter and the carbon fraction. 110 biomass samples from the three species were analyzed in laboratory, including all the components (leaves, branches, shaft, and root. The carbon fraction varied between 47,5 and 48,0 for Pinus caribacea; between 32,6 and 52,7 for Cupressus lusitanica, and beween 36,4 and 50,3% for Eucalyptus deglupta. The stored carbon was 230, 123, and 69 Mg ha-1 in plantations of P. caribaea, C. lusitanica and E. deglupta, respectively. Approximately, 75% of the stored carbon was detected in the shaft.
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Héctor Barrero-Medel
2011-01-01
Full Text Available En el trabajo se seleccionó el mejor modelo para la obtención de curvas anamórficas de índice de sitio para la especie Pinus caribaea Morelet var. caribaea Barret y Golfari, en las condiciones de la Empresa Forestal Integral Macurije, perteneciente a los municipios Guane y Mantua de la provincia de Pinar del Río. Para ello se utilizó el registro de los datos de 14 parcelas permanentes establecidas en el año 2006 con mediciones consecutivas efectuadas y distribuidas en las diferentes Unidades Básicas de Producción Forestal (UBPF, 256 parcelas temporales distribuidas al azar en todo el patrimonio de la empresa y el inventario de la ordenación realizado en los años 2002-2003. El método de construcción del sistema de curvas de índice de sitio empleado mediante el principio anamórfico fue el de regresión anidada aplicado por Bailey y Clutter (1976 y descrito por Alder (1980 como método de regresión jerárquica con estimador de pendiente común. Como resultado del ajuste se obtuvieron las ecuaciones para la altura dominante (Ho para los 13,16, 19, 22, 25 y 28 metros a la edad base de 35 años, así como la ecuación para la determinación del índice de sitio.
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Rendimiento de aceite esencial en Pinus caribaea MorElet según el secado al sol y a la sombra. III
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Rolando Quert Álvarez
2001-04-01
Full Text Available Se presentan los resultados obtenidos en la determinación del rendimiento de aceite esencial Pinus caribaea Moralet (pino macho, en función de las condiciones y tiempo de exposición al sol y a la sombra del follaje de dicha especie endémica de Cuba. El estudio se realizó con árboles existentes en áreas de la Estación Experimental Forestal de Viñales, provincia de Pinar del Río con edad de 30 a. El tamaño de muestra fue de 3 árboles y el tiempo de destilación para la extracción del aceite esencial de 3 h. Se tomaron muestra del follaje entre 1 y 20 d expuesto a las condiciones de secado, en intervalos de 1, 3, 6, 10 y 20 d. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que el follaje expuesto a la sombra contiene un mayor porcentaje de aceite esencial que el follaje expuesto al sol, y que el tiempo de exposición al sol, influye significativamente sobre el rendimiento a partir del tercer día, mientras que en el follaje expuesto a la sombra, las diferencias se hacen significativas a partir de los 6 d.The results obtained in the determination of the yield of the essential oil from Pinus caribaea Moralet (male pine according to the conditions and time of exposure to the sun and to the shade of the foliage of this Cuban endemic species are presented. Trees of 30 years old located in the areas of the Experimental Forestal Station of Viñales, Pinar del Río province, were used in the study. The size of the sample was of 3 trees and the time of distillation for the extraction of the essential oil was of 3 hours. Specimens of the foliage were taken at intervals of 1, 3, 6, 10 and 20 days. The results obtained showed that the foliage exposed to the shade has a higher percentage of essential oil that the foliage exposed to the sun, and that the time of exposure to the sun influences significantly on the yield starting from the third day on, whereas in the foliage exposed to the shade the differences are remarkable from the sixth day on.
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PAULO DE TARSO BARBOSA SAMPAIO
2000-11-01
Full Text Available Este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar a variabilidade genética por meio de testes de progênies e determinar o ganho genético por meio de seleção individual, combinada e índice multiefeito, em Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis. Foram instalados dois testes de progênie em Tibagi, PR, em setembro de 1988. Dados de crescimento e de formas da árvore foram obtidos aos cinco anos de idade. A produtividade volumétrica média obtida foi de 0,091 m³ por árvore. Para estabelecer um pomar de sementes por mudas, a seleção (no bloco de 190 árvores (95 por procedência com os maiores diâmetros na altura do peito (DAP permite aumentos na produtividade volumétrica de 0,104 m³, 0,106 m³ e 0,106 m³ por árvore, na seleção individual, combinada e índice multiefeito, respectivamente. Em pomar de sementes clonal, a seleção (no experimento de 30 árvores (15 por procedência com o maior ganho genético em DAP, pode atingir incrementos na produtividade volumétrica de 0,112 m³, 0,113 m³ e 0,114 m³, por árvore, na seleção individual, combinada e índice multiefeito, respectivamente.The objective of this work was to study the genetic variability through progeny tests, and to determine the genetic gain through individual, combined and multieffect index selection in Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis. Two progeny tests were carried out in Tibagi, Paraná State, Brazil, on September, 1988. Growth data and tree characteristics were assessed when progenies were five years old. The mean volumetric timber production was 0.091 m³ per tree. To establish a seedling seed orchard (SSO, it should be selected (in the block 190 trees (95 trees per provenance with the greatest genetic gain diameter at breast height (DBH. Selection of these trees will allow and increase in the volumetric timber production, reaching 0.104 m³ per tree (individual selection, 0.106 m³ per tree (combined selection and 0.106 m³ per tree (multieffect index. To establish a clonal
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PRODUÇÃO DE CHAPAS DE MADEIRA COMPENSADA DE CINCO ESPÉCIES DE PINUS TROPICAIS
Setsuo Iwakiri; Danielle Previdi Olandoski; Gabriela Leonhardt; Martha Andreia Brand
2001-01-01
Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial de utilização de 5 espécies de pinus tropicais para produção de painéis compensados. As espécies estudadas foram: Pinus caribaea, Pinus chiapensis, Pinus maximinoi, Pinus oocarpa, Pinus tecunumannii e Pinus taeda, sendo esta última espécie como testemunha. Foram produzidos compensados de 5 lâminas com resinas uréia-formaldeído e fenol-formaldeído. Os resultados de inchamento e recuperação em espessura foram estatisticamente iguais entre as ...
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Vernhe, M.; Fuentes, J.L.; Prieto, E.F.; Cuetara, E.B.; Sanchez Lamar, A.; Santana, J.L.
2005-01-01
This work was aimed to evaluate genotoxicity and anti genotoxicity activity against rays of the a tannins fraction obtained from barks of Pinus caribaea Morelet, as well as to elucidate the anti genotoxic mechanisms implicated in radioprotection using deferent's approaches as pre- co- and post-irradiation cell treatments with plant extract. The tannins fraction was not genotoxic to E. coli cells in experiments using different exposure times. This extract was anti genotoxic against rays when the cells were pre- or co-treated with this extracts, but not during post-irradiation treatments, suggesting a possibly anti genotoxic action through free radicals scavenging mechanisms. The results are discussed in relation to the chemo preventive and therapeutic potential of the studied plant species
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Contenido del aceite esencial en el follaje de Pinus caribaea Morelet según la época del Año. I
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Rolando Quert Álvarez
1998-04-01
Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio con el objetivo de determinar el contenido de aceite esencial en el follaje verde de la especie Pinus caribaea Morelet y cómo varía éste según los diferentes meses del año. Se determinaron el tiempo de destilación del aceite esencial a escala de laboratorio, el tamaño de muestra en nuestras condiciones de trabajo y el contenido de aceite esencial durante 2 años, mediante el análisis del contenido de aceite esencial de enero a diciembre. El tiempo de destilación obtenido fue de 3 h y el tamaño de muestra de 3 árboles. Los más altos rendimientos de aceite esencial se obtuvieron en los meses de marzo y abril y los más bajos entre noviembre y diciembre.A study was conducted aimed at determining the content of essential oil in the green foliage of the Pinus caribea Morelet species and at knowing how it varies according to the month of the year. The time of distillation of the essential oil at laboratory scale, the size of the sample under our working conditions, and the content of essential oil during two years were determined by analyzing the content of essential oil from January to December. The distillation time obtained was of 3 hours and the size of the sample was of 3 trees. The highest yields of essential oil were obtained in March and April, where as the lowest ones were attained between November and December.
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Study of reproductive barriers in the production of P. elliottii x P. caribaea hybrid seed
CSIR Research Space (South Africa)
Sivlal, A
2010-09-01
Full Text Available biotechnology Institute (FAbI) for fungi identification. reSultS And dIScuSSIon table 1: differences in in vitro contamination of P. elliottii and P. caribaea Pollen no. of plates no. contami- nated P. elliottii (2007) 25 2 P. elliottii (2008) 25 4... P. caribaea (2007) 25 25 P. caribaea (2008) 25 25 control (no pollen) 10 0 Figure 4: SeM micrographs showing pollen grains of P. elliottii (A & b) and P. caribaea (c & d) at low and high magnification Fungi isolated by FAbI from P. caribaea...
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Relova, I.; Leon, M.A. [Universidad de Pinar del Rio, Marti 270 esq, a 27 de Noviembre, Pinar del Rio (Cuba); Vignote, S.; Ambrosio, Y. [Departamento de Economia y Gestion Forestal, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid (Spain)
2009-10-15
Different variables affect the processes of compacting biomass, and these variables depend on the raw material, such as the type of wood or type of biomass being compacted, its moisture, size, as well as on other aspects relating to the manufacturing process, such as the pressure applied and the temperature reached during compaction. This work analyses the influence of the size of the sawdust particles from the bark of the species Pinus caribaea var. Morelet, which ranges from 0.63 to 2 mm; it had a moisture content in dry basis of 6; 9.5; 13 and 20%; and the force applied in the laboratory was 8000, 12,000, 16,000 and 20,000 N. These values are relatively high given that they do not take into account the heat caused by the matrixes chafing with the material to be compacted, as occurs in industrial processes. The different experimental treatments were processed and statistically analysed using SSPS version 12.0, and Statgraphics version 5.0. Once the data had been tested in the ANOVA and in various comparison tests, it was observed that the results did not show any significant differences between the pellets obtained with forces of 16,000 and 20,000 N, or between pellets obtained with 9.5 and 13% moisture, and that the pellets with higher qualities were obtained from particle sizes of between 1 and 2 mm. (author)
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Gasificación con CO2 de carbonizados de aserrín de Pinus caribaea Morelet var. cariba
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F. Márquez-Montesino
2004-01-01
Full Text Available Dada la importancia del estudio de la reactividad de los carbones con el fin de estudiar su activación, se desarrolló la gasificación con CO2 de un carbón obtenido de aserrín de Pinus caribaea. Los ensayos termogravimétricos se realizaron en un sistema modular de CI Electronics, las temperaturas de gasificación escogidas fueron 750, 775, 800 y 825 °C. Para calcular los valores de reactividad normalizada, se determinó el área de superficie por adsorción de CO2 a 273 K, en un equipo Autosorb-1 de Quantachrome Corporation sobre muestras desgasificadas a 180 °C y un vacío igual o mayor de 50 mtorr durante 8 h. De la gasificación con CO2 se representó gráficamente la reactividad frente a valores de conversión del carbonizado, indicando un aumento de la reactividad con el aumento de la temperatura de gasificación, lo que se explica por el desarrollo del área de superficie con el avance de la reacción y el efecto catalítico del mineral al aumentar su concentración en el sustrato. La representación gráfica de la ecuación de Arrhenius para la reactividad, indica que en las condiciones estudiadas en termobalanza, el proceso de gasificación ocurre bajo control de la etapa química, donde el valor de la energía de activación aparente es de ± 234 kJ/mol.
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Produção de chapas de madeira compensada de cinco espécies de pinus tropicais
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Setsuo Iwakiri
2001-01-01
Full Text Available This research was developed aiming at evaluating the feasibility of the use of 5 species of tropical pine to plywood manufacture. The following species were studied: Pinus caribaea, Pinus chiapensis, Pinus maximinoi, Pinus oocarpa, Pinus tecunumannii and Pinus taeda, being the last used as the referential species. Plywood were manufactured with 5 plies, bonded with ureaformaldheyde and fenol-formaldheyde resin. The results of thickness sweeling and recovering were the same for all species studied, with exception to thickness sweeling for the boards glued with fenolformaldheyde resin. The boards made from Pinus maximinoi and Pinus oocarpa, showed the higher values in modulus of elasticity. The boards of Pinus maximinoi, Pinus oocarpa and Pinus taeda, glued with fenol-formaldheyde resin, resulted in higher values of the modulus of rupture, in comparison to other species. For the glue line strength, the boards of Pinus maximinoi, Pinus taeda and Pinus chiapensis, showed the better results. Based on the general results of this research it, could be said that the Pinus maximinoi and Pinus oocarpa present the high potentiality to plywood manufacture.
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Evandro Vagner Tambarussi
2010-01-01
Full Text Available The aims of this work were to estimate the coefficient of relatedness within families and the genetic parameters for growth related traits in a progeny test from an open-pollinated variety of Pinus caribaea Morelet hondurensis Barret & Golfari, established in Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. The experimental design was the triple 10 x 10 lattice, with 96 families, three replicates, and ten plants per plot. Fourteen years after planting, the trial was measured for the following traits: total height, diameter at breast height (DBH, and true volume. The estimation of coefficients of relatedness within family from microsatellite loci indicated that families are true half-sibs (^r xy = 0.253. Thus, the additive genetic variance (σ2A can be estimated assuming that the genetic variance among progenies (σ2p accounts for ¼ of additive genetic variance (^σ2A = 4^σ2p. The estimative of heritability coefficients at individual level (h i² was relatively high (0.28 for DBH and 0.44 for height. The heritability coefficient considering the average families (h m² was also high, ranging among the traits from 0.50 to 0.58. These results suggest that the population can be improved by both massal and among families selection. Additionally, the estimated genetic gains with sequential selection among and within families were high (ranging from 8.92% for height to 37.56% for volume, demonstrating that this method of selection can generate high genetic improvement.Os objetivos deste trabalho foram estimar o coeficiente de parentesco dentro de famílias e os parâmetros genéticos e fenotípicos para os caracteres de crescimento (altura, diâmetro a altura do peito e volume em um teste de progênies de polinização aberta de Pinus caribaea Morelet var. hondurensis Barret & Golfari, implantado no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. O teste foi implantado em látice 10 x 10 triplo, com 96 famílias, três repetições e dez plantas por parcela. Quatorze anos ap
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Allan Libanio Pelissari
2011-09-01
Full Text Available
This study aimed to adjust volumetric models to tropical pines, in pure stand, in the municipality of Vilhena, Rondonia State. The data came from 20 felled trees of Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis and 10 Pinus tecunumanii trees with discs collected at fixed positions of 0.20 m, 0.70 m, 1.30 m and in distances of one meter along the stem, for later counting and measurement of the growth rings at ages from 4 to 12 years. Eight volumetric models were adjusted. The selection criteria used were: standard error of estimate, adjusted coefficient of determination, F test, significance of regression coefficients, mean deviation, standard deviation of the differences, sum of square of the relative residual, percentage of the residuals and graphic analysis of residuals. The models from Näslund modified and from Spurr presented, respectively, best fit to estimate the volume for Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis submitted to the first thinning and for Pinus tecunumanii, with ages between 4 and 12 years, in Vilhena, Rondonia State, Brazil.
doi: 10.4336/2011.pfb.31.67.173
Este trabalho teve como objetivo ajustar modelos volumétricos para Pinus tropicais, em povoamento homogêneo, no Município de Vilhena, RO. Para a coleta de dados, foram derrubadas 20 árvores de Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis e 10 de Pinus tecunumanii, sendo coletados discos em posições fixas de 0,20 m; 0,70 m; 1,30 m e em distâncias de um metro ao longo do fuste, para a posterior contagem e mensuração dos anéis de crescimento nas idades de 4 a 12 anos. Foram ajustados oito modelos volumétricos e o critério de seleção considerou os resultados do erro padrão da estimativa, coeficiente de determinação ajustado, teste F, significância dos coeficientes de regressão, desvio médio, desvio-padrão das diferenças, soma de quadrados do resíduo relativo, resíduo percentual
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PRODUÇÃO DE CHAPAS DE MADEIRA COMPENSADA DE CINCO ESPÉCIES DE PINUS TROPICAIS
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Setsuo Iwakiri
2001-03-01
Full Text Available Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial de utilização de 5 espécies de pinus tropicais para produção de painéis compensados. As espécies estudadas foram: Pinus caribaea, Pinus chiapensis, Pinus maximinoi, Pinus oocarpa, Pinus tecunumannii e Pinus taeda, sendo esta última espécie como testemunha. Foram produzidos compensados de 5 lâminas com resinas uréia-formaldeído e fenol-formaldeído. Os resultados de inchamento e recuperação em espessura foram estatisticamente iguais entre as espécies estudadas, com exceção para inchamento em espessura das chapas coladas com resina fenol-formaldeído. As chapas de Pinus maximinoi e Pinus oocarpa, apresentaram melhores resultados de módulos de elasticidade. Para o módulo de ruptura, as chapas de Pinus maxininoi, Pinus oocarpa e Pinus taeda, coladas com resina fenol-formaldeído, apresentaram valores estatisticamente superiores em relação às demais espécies. Quanto a resistência da linha de cola, as chapas de Pinus maximinoi, Pinus taeda e Pinus chiapensis, foram as que apresentaram melhor desempenho. Com base nos resultados gerais da pesquisa, pode-se destacar a potencialidade da madeira de Pinus maximinoi e Pinus oocarpa para produção de chapas de madeira compensada.
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Wilson da Silva
1999-08-01
Full Text Available Avaliou-se a seletividade de alguns herbicidas para mudas de Pinus caribaea var. Hondurensis e suas eficiências no controle de plantas daninhas. As mudas com 20 cm de altura, produzidas em tubetes, foram transplantadas num espaçamento de 2,0 m x 2,0 m, em parcelas de quatro fileiras com 10,0 m de comprimento. Os tratamentos utilizados foram oxadiazil (600; 800 e 1000 g ha-1, oxadiazon (1140; 1520 e 1900 g ha-1, oxyfluorfen (720 g ha-1, imazapyr (250 g ha-1 e testemunhas (capinada e sem capina, dispostos em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Os herbicidas foram aplicados sete dias após o transplante, usando-se pulverizador costal, pressurizado com CO2, calibrado para 200 L ha- 1 de calda. As principais plantas daninhas com maior infestação foram: Brachiaria plantaginea e Ipomoea grandifolia e com menor infestação: Galinsoga parviflora e Bidens pilosa. O oxadiazil apresentou excelente controle de B. plantaginea, I. grandifolia e G. parviflora, não sendo eficiente para controle de B. pilosa, embora proporcionasse controle superior ao observado pelo oxadiazon. O oxadiazon foi eficiente até 45 dias após o tratamento para B. plantaginea, G. parviflora e até 90 dias para I. grandifolia. Tanto o oxyfluorfen quanto o imazapyr apresentaram excelente controle das plantas daninhas. De todos os herbicidas avaliados, apenas o imazapyr não deve ser recomendado para aplicação sobre o dossel de Pinus caribaea var. Hondurensis, em face da toxicidade provocada.The selectivity of some herbicides were evaluated on Pinus caribaea var. Hondurensis seedlings as well as these herbicide efficiencies in the weed control. When the tubule-produced seedlings were 20 cm height they were transplanted at 2,0 m x 2,0 m spacings in fourrows plots with 10,0 m length. The treatments with oxadiazil (600; 800 and 1000 g ha-1, oxadiazon (1140; 1520 and 1900 g ha-1, oxyfluorfen (720 g ha-1, imazpyr (250 g ha-1 and controls (weeded and without weeding were disposed
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Wanderley dos Santos
2016-06-01
Full Text Available Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de estimar a divergência genética entre progênies de Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis, por meio de caracteres quantitativos. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento látice 10 x 10, triplo, com 100 tratamentos (96 progênies oriundas de polinização aberta de um pomar clonal da espécie e quatro testemunhas. Foram avaliados os caracteres: diâmetro a 1,30 m do solo, altura total de planta, volume cilíndrico, produção de resina total e resina por área de painel. Utilizou-se a distância generalizada de Mahalanobis (D2 e o método de otimização de Tocher. A maior distância genética observada entre as progênies foi de 100% (D2 = 65,51 e a menor foi de 0,09% (D2 = 0,15. O caractere volume foi o que mais contribuiu para a divergência genética entre os grupos avaliados. O agrupamento a partir do método de otimização de Tocher possibilitou a separação das progênies em quatro grupos, com concentração de 96,9% das progênies em um único grupo. Para que estas progênies possam ser incluídas em programas de melhoramento genético para produção de resina e madeira, cruzamentos controlados deverão ser priorizados entre indivíduos mais produtivos, que apresentaram maior divergência genética.
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Fabiana Goia Rosa de Oliveira
2006-02-01
Full Text Available O presente artigo apresenta um estudo sobre a variação da velocidade ultra-sônica longitudinal em função do comprimento da peça de madeira. As espécies utilizadas foram: pinus caribaea (Pinus caribaea var. caribaea eucalipto citriodora (Eucalyptus citriodora, eucalipto grandis (Eucalyptus grandis e jatobá (Hymenaea sp. Utilizou-se equipamento de ultra-som com transdutores exponenciais de 22 kHz. Foram feitas medições do tempo de propagação das ondas ultra-sônicas, com o comprimento variando de 300 cm a 10 cm e mantendo-se a seção transversal constante de 12 cm x 5 cm. Os resultados apontaram que ocorre variação da velocidade em função da distância percorrida e do comprimento de onda (lambda utilizado. Conclui-se que adequar a freqüência do transdutor com o comprimento da peça é essencial para a determinação correta da velocidade ultra-sônica em madeiras.This paper reports on a study of the variation of ultrasonic velocity with the length of the specimen of pinus caribaea (Pinus caribaea var. caribaea eucalipto citriodora (Eucalyptus citriodora, eucalipto grandis (Eucalyptus grandis and jatobá (Hymenaea sp. Ultrasonic measurements were taken with an experimental apparatus having 22 kHz transducers. Tests were carried out with length from 300 cm to 10 cm and constant cross-section (12 cm x 5 cm. The results showed that velocity of ultrasonic waves is sensitive to changes in the distance between transducers and wavelength (lambda. The adjustment between the frequency of transducer and the length of the specimen is essential in order to obtain correct measurements of ultrasonic velocity in wood.
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Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
STORAGESEVER
2008-07-18
Jul 18, 2008 ... essential oil of Pinus caribaea from Nigeria. O. Oluwadayo ... Key words: Pinus caribbea, Pinaceae, essential oil, β-phellandrene, β-caryophyllene, antibacterial. .... cones of Pinus. Pinea, P. halepensis, P. pinaster and P. nigra.
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Rafael Gerardo Páez
2017-01-01
El principio generador de la madera laminada establece que piezas aserradas, débiles y pequeñas, al unirse con adhesivos artificiales, conforman elementos más grandes, con propiedades físico-mecánicas superiores a las de la misma especie maderable. En esta investigación se analiza la aplicación de la madera laminada del Pinus caribaea Morelet, var. hondurensis; cultivado en la Orinoquia venezolana, para fabricar sistemas estáticos curvos, dentro de procedimientos edificatorios en construccion...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Marcos Silveira WREGE
2014-06-01
Full Text Available Entre os pinus tropicais, Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis é uma variedade natural, oriunda de região com clima tropical na América Central. A espécie se aclimatou bem em várias partes do mundo, em regiões com alta pluviosidade e temperaturas elevadas. Embora não tolere geadas severas, pode ser plantada em partes da região Sul do Brasil onde o clima é mais quente e a frequência de geadas é menor e é indicado para plantio em boa parte do Brasil, em mais de 3,5 milhões de km2 . Essa é uma variedade que apresenta alto rendimento em madeira de boa qualidade, além de possibilitar a exploração da resina. Neste trabalho, são apresentadas as regiões no Brasil que apresentam potencial para cultivo dessa variedade em regime de silvicultura intensiva, tomando como base sua região de origem no mundo. São indicadas para plantio comercial as zonas com os menores riscos de geada nos estados da região Sul, no Estado de São Paulo e nas demais regiões que oferecem condições climáticas favoráveis, principalmente de disponibilidade hídrica para o desenvolvimento dessa variedade de pinus. – Among tropical pines, Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis is a natural variation from the tropical regions of Central America. The species has adapted well in various parts of the world, in regions with high rainfall and high temperatures. Although intolerance to severe frosts, it can be grown in parts of southern Brazil, where the climate is hot, with infrequent frosts and even can be used for commercial planting in over 3.5 million square kilometers.This variety presents high yield in quality wood as well as resin. This work shows regions in Brazil where environmental conditions are favorable for commercial plantations with this variety, by making comparisons with the conditions in its origin. Climatic zones within the Southern Region, as well as in the state of São Paulo and elsewhere with the lowest risks of frost and plenty of water for the
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A.E. Squillace; Jesse P. Perry
1992-01-01
Stem xylem terpenes of 75 pine populations were studied to determine relationships among taxonomic entities. Typical Pinus patula populations occurring in areas north and west of Oaxaca, Mexico, had very high proportions of 3-phellandrene and low proportions of other constituents. Terpene compositions of populations of variety longipeduncalatain...
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Identification of pine hybrids using SSR loci.: scientific paper | Doyle ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
We have screened 11 microsatellite markers developed in other Pinus species for their ability to produce fingerprints in the Pinus elliottii x Pinus caribaea hybrid as well as their ability to determine gene flow and parental contribution in this hybrid. We found that cross-species amplification was possible with two thirds of the ...
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Vásquez Correal Angela María
1998-06-01
Full Text Available Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron analizar las variaciones de la estructura anatómica, de los anillos de crecimiento y de la densidad básica de la madera de árboles de Pinus caribaea var, hondurensis, en un experimento de espaciamientos con 17 años de edad, instalado en la Estación Experimental de Recursos Naturales Renovables de Anhembi-SP, ESALQ-USP, Sao Paulo-Brasil. En este experimento fueron muestreados un total de 35 árboles, comprendidos en 3 clases de diámetro (dominantes, intermedios y dominados y en 3 diferentes tratamientos de espaciamiento 3, 01,5; 3, 02,5 Y 3, 03,5m. En cada uno de estos árboles se determino el diámetro a la altura del pecho (DAP y la altura. Después del apeo de los individuos se colectaron discos de madera en los árboles de la clase de diámetro caracterizada como intermedia, en los 3 espaciamientos (12 árboles en total y a la altura del DAP. De estas muestras se obtuvo el material necesario para la evaluación de las dimensiones de las traqueídas en los leños inicial y tardío, en el sentido médula-corteza. También se analizó en las muestras de madera de todos los árboles, en los tres espaciamientos, el espesor de los anillos de crecimiento y de los leños inicial y tardío y la densidad básica de la madera en 5 submuestras obtenidas en el sentido médula-corteza. Se establecieron, a partir de estas evaluaciones, las relaciones entre las características de la madera de Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis y sus modelos de variación, en función de las diferentes clases de diámetro de los árboles, en los diferentes espaciamientos. De acuerdo con los resultados la variación de las dimensiones de las traqueídas en el sentido médula-corteza en la madera de Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis presentó, con relación a su largo, en lodos los tratamientos de espaciamiento y para los dos tipos de leño, un aumento de casi el doble del 3 ° hasta el 7° anillo de crecimiento, con un
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Pinus caribaea Morelet and Pinus oocarpa Schiede
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Nekky Umera
(ground granite, sharp river sand, top soil and saw dust) on the incidence of damping-off disease ... term programs of pine plantation management including tree improvement and nursery .... Mycoplasma disease, Wisconsin, Oct 24:26, 1982.
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Danny González Cueto
2004-01-01
Full Text Available A través de la exploración de los conceptos de memoria, memoria social y memoria visual, el autor presenta la situación de la organización, desarrollo, conservación y preservación del patrimonio cultural visual en la región Caribe colombiana, en la que sólo existen en la actualidad dos archivos fotográficos las Fototecas de Cartagena de Indias y Sincelejo-, resultado preliminar de una investigación que adelantan miembros del Grupo de Investigación en Historia y Arqueología del Caribe Colombiano, del Departamento de Historia y Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad del Norte, como parte de su programa de recuperación y rescate de memoria visual histórica.
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Rafael Gerardo Páez
2017-07-01
Full Text Available El principio generador de la madera laminada establece que piezas aserradas, débiles y pequeñas, al unirse con adhesivos artificiales, conforman elementos más grandes, con propiedades físico-mecánicas superiores a las de la misma especie maderable. En esta investigación se analiza la aplicación de la madera laminada del Pinus caribaea Morelet, var. hondurensis; cultivado en la Orinoquia venezolana, para fabricar sistemas estáticos curvos, dentro de procedimientos edificatorios en construcciones ecológicas y sustentables. El objetivo general propone definir un modelo estructural de arcos que simplifique las labores de producción, transporte, pre-ensamblado, montaje, aprovechamiento, transformabilidad, deconstrucción y reciclaje; que justifique los principios de desarrollo tecnológico ecosustentable basados en las innovaciones tecnológicas de la madera laminada de pino Caribe. La metodología empleada permitió analizar comparativamente y describir los predimensionamientos del peralte de distintos componentes estructurales portantes, que responden eficientemente a esfuerzos de flexo-compresión, configurados a partir de los diagramas de momentos flexionantes de vigas rectas simplemente apoyadas y empotradas y son geométricamente análogos a sistemas de arcos bi o triarticulados. Entre las conclusiones se determina que la arquitectura ecosustentable queda definida como el conjunto de medidas que aportan soluciones constructivas que no dañan el medio ambiente; que emplea, además, materiales naturales renovables, respeta los ecosistemas, construye sin desperdicios; que deconstruye y recicla, sin demoler ni generar escombros. Este artículo queda incluido en la línea de Investigación: Innovación Tecnológica como Proceso; sub-línea: Asimilación y Dominio Tecnológico; Postgrado de Gestión de Investigación y Desarrollo - Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales de la Universidad Central de Venezuela. Abstract The main
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natural forest conversion and its impact on populations of key
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Chima Uzor Darl
5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. *Corresponding ... (NDP), Tectona grandis Plantation (TGP), Pinus caribaea Plantation, Gmelina arborea ... food, shelter, clothing and heating and a great majority ... 40' E in the South-west of Nigeria,.
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Jammal Filho, Fawaz Ali; Bruder, Edson Marcelo; Rezende, Marcos Antonio de
2010-01-01
Full text: In recent years, wood consumption is increasing, and the need to increase the availability of commercial wood reforestation becomes essentially important. In the state of Sao Paulo a few species of Eucalyptus and Pinus have stood out for having high productivity and with updated technical genetic improvements to productivity can be increased to 60 %. The work has to evaluate the productivity and quality of wood provided with commercial reforestation species of Eucalyptus and Pinus genetically improved in the midwestern region of Sao Paulo. In this study we used six treatments: a seminal Eucalyptus grandis; two clones of Eucalyptus grandis, three hybrid clones of Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis. Pinus were analyzed for five hybrid progenies of Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis and Pinus tecunumanii. We evaluated the productivity rates of each treatment and the quality of wood produced, by studying their average density and specific variations possible by the methods: TARG (Technique attenuation of gamma radiation from 241 Am) and immersion. Productivity mass IMAM treatments for Eucalyptus S1, C1, C2, H1, H2 and H3 were 18.7, 17.0, 21.2, 28.1, 30.1 and 27.2 ton/ha.years respectively, and the density point to 12 % treatments S1, C1, C2, H1, H2 and H3 were 451.3, 439.0, 411.9, 518.8, 526.4 and 526.3 kg/m 3 . Productivity for Pinus mass IMAM treatments H1, H2, H3, H4, H5 and S1 were 14.7, 13.5, 13.7, 14.8, 12.4 and 13.0 ton/ha.years respectively, and the density point to 12 % treatments H1, H2, H3, H4, H5 and S1 were 475, 522, 459, 478, 430 and 514 kg/m 3 . These results are extremely important and come to contradict some literature results that correlate productivity gains with losses in density. It was concluded that the values of density and productivity of each treatment and sperm Pinus hybrids there was significant improvement in the indices assessed. While in the Eucalyptus the results were remarkable, reflecting the improvement in productivity
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Pollinator Competition as a Driver of Floral Divergence: An Experimental Test.
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Ethan J Temeles
Full Text Available Optimal foraging models of floral divergence predict that competition between two different types of pollinators will result in partitioning, increased assortative mating, and divergence of two floral phenotypes. We tested these predictions in a tropical plant-pollinator system using sexes of purple-throated carib hummingbirds (Anthracothorax jugularis as the pollinators, red and yellow inflorescence morphs of Heliconia caribaea as the plants, and fluorescent dyes as pollen analogs in an enclosed outdoor garden. When foraging alone, males exhibited a significant preference for the yellow morph of H. caribaea, whereas females exhibited no preference. In competition, males maintained their preference for the yellow morph and through aggression caused females to over-visit the red morph, resulting in resource partitioning. Competition significantly increased within-morph dye transfer (assortative mating relative to non-competitive environments. Competition and partitioning of color morphs by sexes of purple-throated caribs also resulted in selection for floral divergence as measured by dye deposition on stigmas. Red and yellow morphs did not differ significantly in dye deposition in the competition trials, but differences in dye deposition and preferences for morphs when sexes of purple-throated caribs foraged alone implied fixation of one or the other color morph in the absence of competition. Competition also resulted in selection for divergence in corolla length, with the red morph experiencing directional selection for longer corollas and the yellow morph experiencing stabilizing selection on corolla length. Our results thus support predictions of foraging models of floral divergence and indicate that pollinator competition is a viable mechanism for divergence in floral traits of plants.
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Physico-chemical properties of topsoil under indigenous and exotic ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
This study evaluated selected physico-chemical properties of topsoil under monoculture plantation of an indigenous tree species - Nauclea diderrichii, and those of four exotic tree species – Theobroma cacao, Gmelina arborea, Pinus caribaea and Tectona grandis, located in Omo Biosphere Reserve, Ogun State, Nigeria.
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João Gomes Neto
2009-09-01
Full Text Available Normal 0 21 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar a influência da queima na variação do pH em solo com povoamento de Pinus caribaea Morolet var. hondurensis e Pinus oocarpa Schiedler. A pesquisa desenvolveu-se na região de Sacramento, Minas Gerais, em latossolo vermelho-amarelo, fase argilosa. Foram selecionados 2 talhões (250 x 600 m para cada espécie, demarcados por aceiros e queimados em dois períodos, às 10 e 16 horas, segundo a técnica de queima contra o vento. As áreas experimentais foram divididas em 8 parcelas, por espécie, em um delineamento completamente ao acaso. A coleta dos dados foi feita antes, imediatamente após, 7 meses e 14 meses após a queima em perfis de solo de 0-50 cm, abertos na interseção entre linhas e filas das árvores. Foram coletadas amostras da serrapilheira e de solo a várias profundidades. Verificou-se que após a queima, o pH em cloreto de potássio teve uma ligeira elevação, estabilizando-se até o final do período, em ambas as espécies estudadas. Para o pH em água, houve também uma ligeira elevação após a queima no Pinus oocarpa e um aumento significativo no final do período, para ambas espécies estudadas.
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Carlos del Mónaco
2011-01-01
Full Text Available Los arrecifes del Parque Nacional Morrocoy (PNM se encuentran actualmente impactados. Posterior a la mortandad masiva ocurrida en 1996, ha habido indicios de recuperación de Acropora palmata. Este proceso podría ser retrasado por Coralliophila. Se observaron solamente tres colonias de A. palmata en todo un arrecife de Cayo Sombrero. En julio 2005 estas presentaron densidades de Coralliophila abbreviata de 4, 0 y 2 ind/col y de Coralliophila caribaea de 22, 14 y 0 ind/col y, en enero 2006 las densidades fueron: 8, 0 y 4 ind/col de C abbreviata y 22, 14 y 0 ind/col de C caribaea. En las tres colonias se observaron cuatro lesiones (dos de cada depredador. Hubo pérdida de tejido de 66,14 cm a 162,85 cm en las lesiones ocasionadas por C abbreviata, con tasa de depredación de 0,52 cm día-1 en una de ellas, mientras que en otra fue de 37,41 a 72,50 cm con tasa de depredación de 0,19 cm día-1 . Las lesiones generadas por C caribaea no cambiaron. Es probable que el efecto de Coralliophila afecte la recuperación de A. palmata en el PNM, considerando la alta densidad de depredadores y la escasa abundancia de este coral en este parque.The coral reefs of Morrocoy National Park are currently deteriorated. After the massive mortality of 1996, Acropora palmata has shown some signs of recovery, a process that could be hampered by Coralliophila. We observed only three colonies of A. palmata in an entire reef in Cayo Sombrero. In July 2005, these colonies registered Coralliophila abbreviata densities of 4, 0, and 2 ind/col and Coralliophila caribaea densities of 22, 14, and 0 ind/col; in January 2006, said densities were 8, 0, and 4 ind/col (C. abbreviaté and 22, 14, and 0 ind/col (C. caribaea. Four sites of damage (two per predator were observed in the three colonies. In one colony, C abbreviata caused a loss of tissue of 66.14 to 162.85 cm , indicating a predation rate of 0.52 cm² day-1. In the other colony, the damage ranged from 37.41 to 72.50 cm2
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The CARIBIC flying observatory and its applications
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Brenninkmeijer, C.
2012-01-01
The troposphere can be considered as a complex chemical reactor reaching from the boundary layer up to the tropopause region, in which a multitude of reactions takes place driven by sunlight and supplied with precursors emitted by vegetation, wildfires, and obviously human activities on earth, like burning oil products. Research aircraft (say modified business jets) are far too expensive for a global view of this extensive atmospheric system that changes from day to night, season to season, year to year, and will keep changing. CARIBIC (www.caribic.de) is a logical answer; it is a flying observatory, a 1.5 ton freight container packed with over 15 instruments, for exploring the atmosphere on a regular basis using cargo space in a Lufthansa Airbus A340-600 on intercontinental flights. By means of various results obtained by CARIBIC, about among others volcanic eruptions, the monsoon and accompanying emissions of methane, and long range transport of pollution, we will show how some of the questions atmospheric research grapples with are being addressed, without having a fleet of business jets. (author)
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CARIBIC observations of short-lived halocarbons and carbonyl sulphide over Asia
Leedham, E.; Wisher, A.; Oram, D.; Baker, A. K.; Brenninkmeijer, C. A.
2013-12-01
The CARIBIC project (Civil Aircraft for the Regular Investigation of the atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container, www.caribic-atmospheric.com) aims to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of a wide-range of compounds, including those of marine origin/influence, via ~monthly flights to collect in situ data and whole air samples aboard a commercial Lufthansa aircraft. CARIBIC measures up to an altitude of 12 km, allowing the influence of marine compounds on the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UTLS) to be explored. In particular, CARIBIC is a useful tool for exploring the impact of very short lived halocarbons (e.g. CH2Br2, CHBr3), whose impact on stratospheric ozone is dependent on convective uplift to the UTLS, a process which is not yet fully quantified. As part of the suite of CARIBIC measurements, whole air samples are analysed at the University of East Anglia (UEA) via gas chromatography mass spectrometry for carbonyl sulphide (OCS) and up to 40 halocarbons (accounting for virtually 100% of organic chlorine, bromine and iodine in the UTLS). Here we present an overview of short-lived halocarbons and OCS measured by CARIBIC. We focus on two regions of particular interest. (1) measurements made in 2012 over the tropical west Pacific to link with UEA measurements made during the SHIVA campaign. (2) measurements made during a collection of flights over India in 2008. Flights over India investigated the impact of monsoon circulation on the distribution of these compounds; for example, elevated concentrations of OCS were seen in CARIBIC samples taken over India during the summer monsoon (July - September). These flights, along with a wider range of flights over Asia (from Frankfurt to Guangzhou, Manila, Bangkok and Kuala Lumpur) can provide unique information on the influence of tropical convection and monsoon circulation on halocarbon and OCS transport within this region.
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Caracterização de argamassa modificada por particula vegetal para nivelamento de contrapiso
Francisca Julia França Ferreira de Melo
2007-01-01
Resumo: O presente trabalho se propõe desenvolver uma argamassa para nivelamento de contra piso modificada com partículas vegetais de Pinus caribaea e avaliar suas características físicas e mecânicas. Os resíduos de Pinus utilizados são provenientes do processo de fabricação de lápis. Os traços tiveram seu fator água/cimento determinado pela trabalhabilidade. As misturas foram elaboradas com Cimento Portland CPII-E 32, areia, adição de partículas vegetais de Pinus e água proporcional ao traço...
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Reconfortante historia de las luchas laborales en los puertos del Caribe colombiano
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Renán Vega Cantor
2005-05-01
Full Text Available Puertos, sociedad y conflicto en el Caribe colombiano, 1850-1930. Sergio Paolo Solano de las Aguas. Observatorio del Caribe Colombiano, Ministerio de Cultura, Universidad de Cartagena, Bogotá, 2003, 116 págs.
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PLYWOOD MANUFACTURE FROM FIVE SPECIES OF TROPICAL PINE
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Setsuo Iwakiri
2010-08-01
Full Text Available This research was developed aiming at evaluating the feasibility of the use of 5 species of tropical pine to plywood manufacture. The following species were studied: Pinus caribaea, Pinus chiapensis, Pinus maximinoi, Pinus oocarpa, Pinus tecunumannii and Pinus taeda, being the last used as the referential species. Plywood were manufactured with 5 plies, bonded with urea-formaldheyde and fenol-formaldheyde resin. The results of thickness sweeling and recovering were the same for all species studied, with exception to thickness sweeling for the boards glued with fenol-formaldheyde resin. The boards made from Pinus maximinoi and Pinus oocarpa, showed the higher values in modulus of elasticity. The boards of Pinus maximinoi, Pinus oocarpa and Pinus taeda, glued with fenol-formaldheyde resin, resulted in higher values of the modulus of rupture, in comparison to other species. For the glue line strength, the boards of Pinus maximinoi, Pinus taeda and Pinus chiapensis, showed the better results. Based on the general results of this research it, could be said that the Pinus maximinoi and Pinus oocarpa present the high potentiality to plywood manufacture.
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Kadri, Nabil; Khettal, Bachra; Aid, Yasmine; Kherfellah, Souraya; Sobhi, Widad; Barragan-Montero, Veronique
2015-12-01
Physicochemical characteristics of seeds of some pinus species (Pinus halepensis Mill., Pinus pinea L., Pinus pinaster and Pinus canariensis) grown in North Algeria were determined. The results showed that the seeds consist of 19.8-36.7% oil, 14.25-26.62% protein, 7.8-8.6% moisture. Phosphorus, potassium and magnesium were the predominant elements present in seeds. Pinus seed's oil physicochemical properties show acid values (4.9-68.9), iodine values (93.3-160.4) and saponification values (65.9-117.9). Oil analysis showed that the major unsaturated fatty acids for the four species were linoleic acid (30-59%) and oleic acid (17.4-34.6%), while the main saturated fatty acid was palmitic acid (5-29%). Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry analysis of P. halepensis Mill., P. pinaster and P. canariensis volatile oils indicated that the major volatile compound was the limonene with relative percentage of 3.1, 7.5 and 10.8, respectively. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Nación, Región y Fragmentación en el Caribe Contemporáneo
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Emilio Pantojas García
2011-01-01
Full Text Available Históricamente lo nacional se ha privilegiado sobre lo regional en el Caribe y América Latina. Los proyectos de integración del Caribe y América Latina se han fundamentado en visiones regionalistas, tecnocráticas e ideológicas que asumen identidades, congruencias y afinidades que no concuerdan con la realidad de la visión nacionalista de las élites dominantes del continente latinoamericano y el archipiélago caribeño. El Caribe se constituyó como parte integral del primer gran proyecto occidental de globalización y fue el fulcro del surgimiento de los imperios europeos. El Caribe no fue un simple eslabón en las cadenas y circuitos globales de producción, intercambio y valor sino que ha sido parte constitutiva de éstas desde sus inicios. Las élites Caribeñas ven su dominio como parte de esta vinculación al mercado mundial. El proyecto neoliberal de globalización plantea un gran reto para el desarrollo de una identidad caribeña que desemboque en un proyecto político de integración regional.
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Literatura y antropologia: arawak y caribes
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Patrick Bouletreau
2014-02-01
Full Text Available Los mitos caribes están estrechamente ligados al mar. originario de las mesetas amazónicas del alto Brasil, ese pueblo emigro durante generaciones descendiendo en un primer momento a la amazonia para esparcirse sobre las costas de Guyana y de Venezuela.
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La culture musicale caribéenne de New York - 14
Audebert , Cédric
2012-01-01
Le bassin caribéen est un espace de production musicale foisonnante (reggae, salsa, konpa, meringue, zouk, calypso, etc.) au rayonnement international. Les musiques puisent leur énergie principalement dans l'héritage de la plantation et des quartiers populaires urbains des îles d'origine, mais aussi dans le cosmopolitisme des métropoles d'immigration. La mondialisation des musiques caribéennes s'appuie sur les puissants réseaux nord-américains de production et de diffusion, dont les communaut...
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Pinus taeda AND Pinus oocarpa PLYWOOD MANUFACTURING WITH FENOL-FORMALDHEYDE RESIN
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Setsuo Iwakiri
2002-01-01
Full Text Available The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of the plywood, manufactured from Pinus taeda and Pinus oocarpa, with 20 and 24 years old respectively, using three differentformulations of the fenol-formaldheyde resin. The results of the glue line shearing tests not showed statistical differences between the species and three resin formulations. In the hot water test, all of the boards were classified as “BR” and, the boards of the Pinus oocarpa produced with formulations (1and (3, were classified as “WBP”. The different resin formulations not influenced on the modulus ofelasticity (MOE and modulus of rupture (MOR The boards of Pinus taeda with formulations (1 and(2 showed higher values of MOE in comparison of the Pinus oocarpa. The MOR of the Pinus oocarpa withformulation (2 was higher than Pinus taeda. The mechanical properties of the plywood wereprobably influenced by wood variability related to sapwood and hartwood, thickness of growth ringsand, springwood and summerwood.
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Robson Schaff Corrêa
2011-06-01
Full Text Available
The understanding of wood quality in relation to different forest sites is of fundamental relevance in current timber market. There are only few studies available concerning soil and wood quality of tropical pinots. So, the goal of this work was to characterize tracheid dimensions and wood density of Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis, correlating these variables with soil properties at different sites. Discs were taken at 1.3 m height and comprised two radial samples in each of the four dominant trees removed at four different sites. Measurements for wood density were made from the third to the eleventh year old rings, and the measurement of tracheid dimensions were made in the fourth, eighth and eleventh year sold rings. The soil, collected in the canopy projection area of each tree was analyzed chemically and physically in different layers. The tracheid dimensions and wood density showed stabilization between the eighth and the eleventh years old rings. Moreover, the tracheid dimensions varied between sites and did not present a pattern of variation in relation to soil properties at the different sites.
doi: 10.4336/2011.pfb.31.66.93
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Mujer y medio ambiente en América Latina y el Caribe
Silva Ch., Paola; Alvarez, Susana; Cambría, Celeste; Sala, Mariella; de Ochoa, Regina; Corral, Thais; Olivera, Maria del Carmen; González, Nhelsyr; Solís, Vivienne; Rossato, Verónica; Pérez, Magdalena
1991-01-01
1. Mujer y medio ambiente en América Latina y el Caribe: los desafíos hacia el año 2.000. 2. Políticas de población vigentes en los países de América Latina y el Caribe. La mujer como protagonista del desarrollo sustentable. Política de población en Perú: la relación mujer y medio ambiente. Población, mujer y medio ambiente en Honduras. Medio ambiente y población: una visión crítica. 3. La mujer en el manejo de los recursos naturales y tecnologías apropiadas. Participación de la mujer campe...
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Gorgoseo, J. J.; Rojo, A.; Camara-Obregon, A.; Dieguez-Aranda, U.
2012-07-01
The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of the Weibull, Johnson's SB and beta distributions, fitted with some of the most usual methods and with different fixed values for the location parameters, for describing diameter distributions in even-aged stands of Pinus pinaster, Pinus radiata and Pinus sylvestris in northwest Spain. A total of 155 permanent plots in Pinus sylvestris stands throughout Galicia, 183 plots in Pinus pinaster stands throughout Galicia and Asturias and 325 plots in Pinus radiata stands in both regions were measured to describe the diameter distributions. Parameters of the Weibull function were estimated by Moments and Maximum Likelihood approaches, those of Johnson's SB function by Conditional Maximum Likelihood and by Knoebel and Burkhart's method, and those of the beta function with the method based on the moments of the distribution. The beta and the Johnson's SB functions were slightly superior to Weibull function for Pinus pinaster stands; the Johnson's SB and beta functions were more accurate in the best fits for Pinus radiata stands, and the best results of the Weibull and the Johnson's SB functions were slightly superior to beta function for Pinus sylvestris stands. However, the three functions are suitable for this stands with an appropriate value of the location parameter and estimation of parameters method. (Author) 44 refs.
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CARIBIC observations of gaseous mercury in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere
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Slemr F.
2013-04-01
Full Text Available A unique set of gaseous mercury measurements in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UT/LS has been obtained during the monthly CARIBIC (www.caribic-atmospheric.com flights since May 2005. The passenger Airbus 340-600 of Lufthansa covered routes to the Far East, North America, India, and the southern hemisphere. The accompanying measurements of CO, O3, NOy, H2O, aerosols, halocarbons, hydrocarbons, greenhouse gases, and several other parameters as well as backward trajectories enable a detailed analysis of these measurements. Speciation tests have shown that the CARIBIC measurements represent a good approximation of total gaseous mercury (TGM concentrations. Above the tropopause TGM always decrease with increasing potential vorticity (PV and O3 which implies its conversion to particle bound mercury. The observation of the lowest TGM concentrations at the highest particle concentrations in the stratosphere provides further evidence for such conversion. We will show how a seasonally dependent conversion rate could be derived using concomitantly measured SF6 mixing ratios as a timer. Tropospheric mercury data suggest the existence of a decreasing trend in the northern hemisphere whose size is comparable with the trend derived from long-term measurements by ship cruises, at Cape Point (South Africa and Mace Head (Ireland.
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Shen, Changmao; Duan, Wengui; Cen, Bo; Tan, Jianhui
2006-11-01
Essential oils were extracted by steam distillation from the needles of Pinus massoniana Lamb and Pinus elliottottii Engelm grown in Guangxi. Various factors such as pine needle dosage and extraction time which may influence the oil yield were investigated. The optimum conditions were found to be as follows: pine needle dosage 700 g, extraction time 5 h. The essential oil yields from the needles of Pinus massoniana Lamb and Pinus elliottottii Engelm were 0.45% and 0.19%, respectively. Moreover, the chemical compositions of the essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Sixty four components in the essential oil from needle of Pinus massoniana Lamb were separated and twenty of them (98.59%) were identified while seventy three components in the essential oil from needle of Pinus elliottottii Engelm were separated and twenty nine of them (94.23%) were identified. Generally, the compositions of the essential oils from needles of the two varieties were similar but the contents of some compounds differed greatly. Especially, the content of alpha-pinene in the essential oils from Pinus massoniana Lamb needles was 2.6 times as that from Pinus elliottottii Engelm needles, but the content of beta-pinene was less than the latter. Mono- and sesquiterpenes were the main composition of the essential oils from Pinus massoniana Lamb and Pinus elliottottii Engelm needles.
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Kathleen D. Jermstad; Andrew J. Eckert; Jill L. Wegrzyn; Annette Delfino-Mix; Dean A Davis; Deems C. Burton; David B. Neale
2011-01-01
The majority of genomic research in conifers has been conducted in the Pinus subgenus Pinus mostly due to the high economic importance of the species within this taxon. Genetic maps have been constructed for several of these pines and comparative mapping analyses have consistently revealed notable synteny. In contrast,...
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Cadmium and copper change root growth and morphology of Pinus pinea and Pinus pinaster seedlings
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Arduini, I.; Onnis, A. (Dipart. di Agronomia e Gestione dell' Agro-Ecosistema, Univ. degli Studi Pisa, Pisa (Italy)); Boldbold, D.L. (Forstbotanishces Institut, Univ. Goettingen, Goettingen (Germany))
1994-01-01
Heavy metal loads in forest soils have been increasing over time due to atmospheric inputs. Accumulation in the upper soil layers could affect establishment of seedlings and forest regeneration. Mediterranean species show a high initial root development, allowing seedlings to reach the moisture of deeper soil layers. In the present work seedlings of stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) and maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.), were grown in culture solution supplied with 0.0, 0.1, 1 or 5 [mu]M CdSO[sub 4] or with 1 [mu]M CdSO[sub 4] and 1 [mu]M CuSO[sub 4] combined. In both species tap-root elongation was drastically reduced in the 5 [mu]M Cd[sup 2+] and in the (Cd[sup 2+] - Cu[sup 2+]) treatments. A supply of 0.1 or 1 [mu]M Cd[sup 2+] however, enhanced root elongation in Pinus pinea without significantly influencing root elongation in Pinus pinaster. In both species the root density (weight per unit length) and the width of the cortex increased in response to Cd[sup 2+] exposure. In Pinus pinaster the mitotic index decreased at the higher Cd[sup 2+] concentrations and when Cd[sup 2+] and Cu[sup 2+] were combined. The data suggest that cell elongation is more sensitive to Cd[sup 2+] than cell division. The number and length of the lateral roots were also affected by Cd[sup 2+] treatment to a higher degree in Pinus pinaster than in Pinus pinea, reflecting the different Cd-tolerance of the two species. (au)
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EL CARIBE MEXICANO: LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UNA FRONTERA
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Alfredo C. Dachary
2005-12-01
Full Text Available En la actualidad, la palabra Caribe se asocia al ocio, al mágico mundo de las islas tropicales y con ello al placer; en síntesis, es un concepto geográfico que ha sido apropiado y transformado por una actividad moderna y de gran expansión: el turismo, haciendo de él lo que hoy se conoce como un icono. Pero esto no es un caso aislado de transformación de un concepto geográfico en un imaginario social, ya que la otra gran concentración de islas tropicales en el mundo y más específicamente en el Océano Pacífico, que casualmente es hoy el otro gran centro turístico mundial, Oceanía, también su nombre lleva a conceptos similares a los del Caribe. ¿Qué ocurrió con estos lugares? ¿Fueron siempre solamente espacios turísticos, o se construyeron en un tiempo relativamente largo como para borrar la otra visión que tenían los antiguos pobladores de los mismos?
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Construcción y deconstrucción territorial del Caribe Colombiano durante el siglo XIX
Domínguez, Camilo; Chaparro Mendivelso, Jeffer; Gómez, Carla
2007-01-01
El proceso de estructuración territorial del Caribe Granadino durante el siglo XIX, específicamente de 1810 a 1886, se aborda desde una perspectiva geohistórica y geopolítica. Se parte de la base ambiental de la región, para luego abordar la evolución de los límites administrativos mediante reconstrucciones cartográficas basadas en mapas históricos. El proceso de cambio abarcó los antiguos estados de Magdalena y Bolívar (incluyendo las islas de San Andrés y Providencia), la costa caribe de Pa...
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Diversidad y microestructura de quitones (Mollusca: Polyplacophora del Caribe de Costa Rica
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Cedar I García-Ríos
2011-03-01
Full Text Available Los poliplacóforos asociados a los arrecifes de coral en la costa caribeña de Costa Rica han sido poco estudiados. El examen del cascajo de coral acumulado en el sublitoral somero, en cuatro estaciones de colección, localizadas en la Provincia de Limón reveló una diversidad de quitones mayor a la documentada. Anteriormente se habían registrado ocho especies para el Caribe costaricense: Ischnochiton erythronotus (C.B. Adams, 1845; Ischnoplax pectinata (Sowerby 1840; Stenoplax boogii (Haddon, 1886; S. purpurascens (C.B. Adams, 1845; Acanthopleura granulata (Gmelin, 1791; Chiton marmoratus Gmelin, 1791; C. tuberculatus Linnaeus, 1758; Acanthochitona rhodea (Pilsbry, 1893. Otras cinco se registran aquí por primera vez: Callistochiton portobelensis Ferreira 1976; Ischnochiton kaasi Ferreira 1987; I. pseudovirgatus Kaas 1972; Acanthochitona balesae Abbott 1954; Cryptoconchus floridanus (Dall 1889.
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Proteccion Social en Salud en America Latina y el Caribe ...
International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)
Dentro de la salud pública, y con vistas a contribuir en los procesos de cambio de ... la PSS en el marco de las reformas de la salud en América Latina y el Caribe. ..... neoliberal” en tanto extiende la racionalidad mercantil a todas las esferas de la ... Excluyentes como El Salvador, Honduras, Bolivia, Ecuador y Guatemala.
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Importancia del control de las dimensiones de la madera aserrada
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D. Álvarez-Lazo
2004-01-01
Full Text Available El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo brindar algunas consideraciones para elevar los niveles de rendimiento de madera de Pinus caribaea var. caribaea mediante el uso de una estrategia para incrementar la calidad dimensional de la madera aserrada a partir del análisis de las dimensiones promedio obtenidas y la variación de corte en el aserrío. Para lo cual se construye un programa denominado Control que permite determinar las dimensiones óptimas de aserrío así como la determinación de la variación en grosor. Se observa que en los aserraderos existe un subdimensionamiento generalizado fundamentalmente en los surtidos 50, 75, 100 mm; así como una excesiva variación de aserrío. Para eliminar estas deficiencias es necesario que las acciones correctivas estén dirigidas fundamentalmente a aquellas partes de máquinas responsables de la variación de aserrado controlando los esquemas de corte seleccionados por el aserrador.
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Evolución geológica del margen Norte de la Placa del Caribe, República Dominicana
Pérez-Estaun, Andrés; Tavares, I.; García-Cortés, Ángel; Hernaiz Huerta, P. P.
2002-01-01
La Isla La Española se encuentra situada en la actualidad en la parte septentrional de la Placa del Caribe. Conjuntamente con Puerto Rico, constituye una unidad que puede interpretarse como una microplaca, limitada al Norte por una zona de subducción oblicua, con una fuerte componente de salto en dirección, y al Sur por otra zona de subducción incipiente a la que se asocia la Fosa de los Muertos. El margen Norte de la Placa del Caribe ha evolucionado desde constituir un límite contro...
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Hazardous Waste Cleanup: Caribe General Electric Product in Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico
The Caribe General Electric Product facility (GE Río Piedras) covers approximately 4 acres and is situated on the northern coastal plain in a relatively flat industrial/urban area of Río Piedras with an elevation between 20 and 40 feet above mean sea leve
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Biodegrading effects of some rot fungi on Pinus caribaea wood
African Journals Online (AJOL)
STORAGESEVER
2008-05-16
May 16, 2008 ... species of white-rot fungi; Corioliopsis polyzona and Pleurotus squarrosulus, and two species of brown- rot fungi; Lentinus ... The results indicated that biodegradation by rot fungi differs in intensity according to the fungus ..... wood of coast red wood Sequoia Sempervirens (D. Don). For. Prod. J. 33(5): 15-20 ...
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Growth performance of 5-year old Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
ACSS
July 2012 to August 2013 in order to generate information needed to guide future interventions for improved ... trees registered good growth rates in Gulu and Mubende districts and poor growth rates in ..... We thank the field assistants and.
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Biodegrading effects of some rot fungi on Pinus caribaea wood ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
morelet) in Ijaiye Forest Reserve, 38 km northwest of Ibadan, Nigeria. The wood samples were inoculated separately with two species of white-rot fungi; Corioliopsis polyzona and Pleurotus squarrosulus, and two species of brownrot fungi; ...
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Etnoeducación Indígena Intercultural en el Caribe Colombiano
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Clemente Mendoza Castro
2015-10-01
Full Text Available El ensayo resume un avance del proyecto “Estudios etnoeducativos y curriculares en el Caribe colombiano”, tiene el propósito de reflexionar sobre la etnoeducación en Colombia como aporte a la educación desde las prácticas pedagógicas de los etnoeducadores indígenas. Se analiza la historia de la etnoeducación indígena en Colombia y a manera de ejemplo sintetiza las experiencias etnoinvestigativas que se desarrollan en las escuelas indígenas de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, La Guajira y el Atlántico, visibilizando la visión que tienen los maestros indígenas de etnoeducación y currículo, prácticas pedagógicas, etnoinvestigación, formando la aproximación de un programa etnoeducativo curricular pensado desde la realidad social e intercultural en el Caribe colombiano. Se propone con argumentación la aproximación a un modelo curricular integrado desde la etnoeducación indígena intercultural para el Caribe colombiano.AbstractThis essay summarizes an advance of the project Ethnoeducational and curricular studies in the Colombian Caribbean, and its purpose is to reflect on the ethnoeducation in Colombia as a contribution to the education from pedagogical practices of native ethnoeducators. The history of the native ethnoeducation in Colombia is analyzed and ethnoresearch experiences carried out in the native schools at Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Guajira and Atlántico are synthesized making evident teachers’ view on ethnoeducation and curriculum, pedagogical practices, ethnoresearch, and training. This is an approximation to an ethnoeducational and curricular program thought from the social and intercultural reality in the Colombian Caribbean. The approximation to a curricular integrated model from the intercultural native ethnoeducation for the Colombian Caribbean it is proposed with arguments.
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Estructura y distribución de los condrictios de aguas profundas en el Caribe colombiano
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Jorge Paramo
2015-09-01
Full Text Available Si bien, aunque actualmente no existe una pesquería de aguas profundas en el Caribe colombiano, es importante conocer la biología y ecología de la ictiofauna de aguas profundas para identificar el impacto de la pesca sobre estas comunidades. Con fines de aportar conocimiento que sirva como línea base para su conservación, el objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la composición específica, y aspectos de su estructura poblacional y ecológica tales como abundancia y distribución (espacial y batimétrica de los condrictios de aguas profundas en el mar Caribe colombiano. Se realizaron cuatro muestreos a bordo de un barco de arrastre camaronero entre 200 y 550 m de profundidad, durante agosto y diciembre de 2009 y, marzo y mayo de 2010. Se encontró un total de 331 especímenes de 13 especies correspondientes a nueve familias. Las especies que se capturaron con más de 15% de frecuencia de ocurrencia fueron Etmopterus perryi, Galeus cadenati, Anacanthobatis americanus y Gurgesiella atlantica. La zona donde se encontró la mayor abundancia relativa de especies e individuos fue el norte del Caribe colombiano, denominada Ecoregión La Guajira.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Silvia Mantilla
2011-01-01
Full Text Available El presente artículo tiene por objetivo presentar un diagnóstico preliminar de la magnitud del tráfico de drogas, sus dinámicas, modalidades, y las condiciones sociales y económicas que favorecen el desarrollo de este negocio ilegal en la isla de San Andrés (Colombia. El análisis se desarrolla, no obstante, en el marco de la condición histórica y natural de “zona de tránsito” de drogas, armas y otros recursos ilegales, que se le atribuye a la región del Gran Caribe, entendida como un continuo geográfico, histórico y cultural en el que se observan patrones comunes en materia de amenazas a la seguridad, la geopolítica de las relaciones con Estados Unidos y los efectos sociales y económicos derivados del flagelo del narcotráfico. En este sentido, el caso de la isla de San Andrés (Colombia se examina más como parte de la dinámica insular gran caribeña que como parte de las tendencias propias del negocio en la Colombia continental, lo que permite, sin embargo, establecer las conexiones entre ambos espacios regionales - el insular y el continental - y, a la vez, evaluar el impacto regional del fenómeno a partir de las conexiones ilegales que desde el archipiélago se establecen con algunos países vecinos del Gran Caribe. Finalmente, se sostiene la hipótesis de que el fenómeno del narcotráfico se instala en la isla como resultado de factores geohistóricos, culturales y socioeconómicos que en conjunto han determinado la participación activa de distintos sectores de la sociedad en este negocio ilegal.
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Afinidades biogeográficas de los galateoideos (Decapoda: Anomura del Caribe y Pacífico colombiano
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Gabriel R. Navas S.
2013-08-01
Full Text Available Objetivo. Determinar la distribución y afinidades biogeográficas de los galateoideos de aguas colombianas con base en la literatura y muestras recolectadas durante expediciones realizadas entre 1999 y 2002. Materiales y métodos. Se recolectaron ejemplares en 100 estaciones entre 20 y 550 m de profundidad en el Caribe y Pacífico colombiano. El material recolectado, junto con la información geográfica existente en literatura para las especies conocidas para Colombia se emplearon para realizar mapas de distribución, los cuales se compararon con el “Mapa de ecorregiones marinas del mundo”. Resultados. Se obtuvo la información geográfica para 3247 ejemplares recolectados de 18 especies de los géneros Agononida, Anomoeomunida, Munida, Munidoposis y Pleuroncodes, y se complementó con la obtenida a partir de la literatura para las 40 especies de la superfamilia con presencia conocida en aguas colombianas. Se generaron cinco grupos principales de distribución: especies restringidas al Caribe, al Caribe y Atlántico occidental, Anfiatlánticas, restringidas al Pacífico oriental y Anfiamericanas. Se encontró que el 53 % de las especies recolectadas en el Caribe se presentan también en la provincia Atlántico Norte Cálido-Templado, y para el Océano Pacífico la mayor afinidad se da con la provincia Pacífico Oriental Tropical. Conclusiones. Los galateoideos en aguas colombianas presentan ámbitos geográficos y batimétricos amplios, presentándose simpatría entre algunas especies. Las de aguas someras presentan mayores restricciones que aquellas de distribución en aguas profundas. Los mecanismos de distribución de las especies corresponden con el ciclo de vida de cada una y las corrientes predominantes en las provincias.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Jorge Paramo
2014-08-01
Full Text Available El camarón de aguas someras, es uno de los recursos de mayor importancia socioeconómica en la región Caribe. La falta de información biológica pesquera, es una preocupación de los administradores pesqueros. Por tanto, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo conocer la época reproductiva, la estructura de tallas y la talla media de madurez del camarón de aguas someras (Farfantepenaeus notialis como insumo para la ordenación y manejo pesquero en el Caribe colombiano. El estudio se llevó a cabo desde junio del 2012 hasta mayo del 2013 en el Caribe colombiano. Se recolectaron 5 356 individuos, los cuales fueron identificados, clasificados y conservados para su análisis en el laboratorio, donde se analizaron las muestras tomando datos de talla, peso, sexo y estadio gonadal. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en la razón de sexo durante todos los meses muestreados, con una mayor proporción de hembras. Se presentaron hembras maduras durante todo el año, pero con dos picos reproductivos de máximo desove, uno entre octubre y diciembre y el otro entre abril y junio. La talla media de captura (TMC durante todo el muestreo para las hembras fue de 148.0mm de longitud total (LT y para los machos fue de 122.5mm LT. La talla media de madurez (LT50% para las hembras y machos fue de 129.34mm LT y 97.77mm LT, respectivamente. La TMC siempre fue mayor que la LT50% para ambos sexos. Debido a la gran disminución del esfuerzo pesquero en el Caribe colombiano durante los últimos 10 años, se espera que este recurso se encuentre en una fase de recuperación o ya esté recuperado.
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Ethnobotanical survey of the medicinal flora used by the Caribs of Guatemala.
Girón, L M; Freire, V; Alonzo, A; Cáceres, A
1991-09-01
An ethnobotanical survey was conducted among the Carib population of Guatemala in 1988-1989. In general terms, the sample surveyed possessed a relatively good standard of living. Results indicated that health services were utilized by the population, and that domestic medicine, mainly plants (96.9%) was used by 15% of the population. One hundred and nineteen plants used for medicinal purposes were collected, of which 102 (85.7%) could be identified; a list of these together with the information provided for each plant is presented. The most frequently reported plants used as medicine are: Acalypha arvensis, Cassia alata, Cymbopogon citratus, Melampodium divaricatum. Momordica charantia, Neurolaena lobata, Ocimum basilicum, Petiveria alliacea and Solanum nigrescens. Most of these plants are found in the region, but some are brought from the Highlands or outside of the country, such as Malva parviflora, Matricaria chamomilla, Peumus boldus, Pimpinella anisum, Rosmarinus officinalis and Tagetes lucida. This survey demonstrated that the Carib population of Guatemala has survived in a transcultural environment of African and native Amerindian beliefs.
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El Caribe a comienzos del siglo XXI : composición étnica y diversidad lingüística
Lizcano Fernández, Francisco
2014-01-01
La conclusión principal de este trabajo es que el Caribe, integrado por 29 entidades políticas, se debe dividir en dos regiones: la española y la germano‐francesa (integrada por tres subregiones: los Caribes inglés, francés y neerlandés). La primera (compuesta de Cuba, Puerto Rico y República Dominicana) pertenece a un área cultural más extensa, Iberoamérica. La segunda (integrada por el resto de las islas situadas entre Norteamérica y Sudamérica, así como por Bermudas y las tres Guayanas) co...
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Maydi Estrada Bayona
2014-01-01
“Yo soy del Son a la Salsa”: La re-edición de nuevasexpresiones interculturales caribeñas en el espacio cinematográfico,es un artículo reflexivo que forma parte dela investigación titulada: Claves Interculturales Caribeñasen la poética cinematográfica de Rigoberto López. El mismoconstituye un acercamiento al tratamiento del temade la diáspora cubana y caribeña en el contexto del Caribeafro-hispánico insular y en Nueva York. El estudio tomacomo antecedente el largometraje de ficción La Últimac...
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Siringo-Ringo, Mawar
2015-01-01
Essential oil of pinus leaves (Pinus merkusii Jungh.et deVries) have been isolated by hydrodestilation method using Stahl. Pinus leaves have destilated for five hours roduced essential oil 0.1531% (w/w). The results of the analyse use GC-MS showed 23 peaks and can be identified 20 compounds and have five major compounds are Limonene (22.72%), α-Pinene (17.53%), β-Caryophyllene (16.76%), β-Ocimene (14.68%), and Germacren-d (11.24%). Antibacterial activity of the test have been done using ag...
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Reseña. Proyecto Caribe de comunicación, comercio y cultura.
Proyecto Caribe, Organización
2017-01-01
El proyecto Caribe es ina organización para el desarrollo que se dedica a la promoción de la producción material e inte¿lectual del sector afrocostarricense.Su trabajo consiste en promover intercambios culturales y comerciales, ubicar, sistematizar y centralizar mercancías e información del sector para beneficio de productores y consumidores.
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Mineral Analysis of Pine Nuts (Pinus spp.) Grown in New Zealand.
Vanhanen, Leo P; Savage, Geoffrey P
2013-04-03
Mineral analysis of seven Pinus species grown in different regions of New Zealand; Armand pine ( Pinus armandii Franch), Swiss stone pine ( Pinus cembra L.), Mexican pinyon ( Pinus cembroides Zucc. var. bicolor Little), Coulter pine ( Pinus coulteri D. Don), Johann's pine ( Pinus johannis M.F. Robert), Italian stone pine ( Pinus pinea L.) and Torrey pine ( Pinus torreyana Parry ex Carrière), was carried out using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometer (ICP-OES) analysis. Fourteen different minerals (Al, B, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, S and Zn) were identified in all seven varieties, except that no Al or Na was found in Pinus coulteri D. Don. New Zealand grown pine nuts are a good source of Cu, Mg, Mn, P and Zn, meeting or exceeding the recommended RDI for these minerals (based on an intake of 50 g nuts/day) while they supplied between 39%-89% of the New Zealand RDI for Fe. Compared to other commonly eaten tree-nuts New Zealand grown pine nuts are an excellent source of essential minerals.
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Paula M. Pérez-Briceño; Eric J. Alfaro; Eric J. Alfaro
2017-01-01
Una alta variabilidad espacio-temporal en la temperatura y la precipitación son características del territorio costarricense, con una diferencia climática fuerte entre las dos vertientes, la Pacífica y el Caribe. La primera por estar a sotavento de la cadena central de montañas posee un régimen de menor humedad atmosférica mientras que la ladera a barlovento, recibe los vientos alisios cargados de humedad que determinan el clima de la vertiente Caribe, donde llueve prácticamente todo el año. ...
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Regeneration of Pinus cubensis Griseb. plants
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Raima Cantillo Ardebol
2011-01-01
Full Text Available Micropropagation of plants from the genus Pinus has been done in several species. However, micropropagation of Pinus cubensis Griseb has not been reported. This species has a great economical importance. Then, the aim of the current research was to achieve in vitro propagation of Pinus cubensis Griseb. to increase the number of individuals in their natural habitat. The concentration of sodium hypochlorite and immersion time were determined for seeds disinfection and embryos establishment. The effect of the presence or absence of the seed coat was also studied. Two growth regulators and three concentrations of each one were tested to achieve the emission of axillary buds in the multiplication phase. Five subcultures every 21 days were done. Rooting and acclimatization were carried out simultaneously. Shoots were individualized and immersed in a rooting solution. Zygotic embryos of P. cubensis wer e dev el o ped in vitro. The highest percentages of disinfection and germination were obtained by introducing the seeds in a solution of sodium hypochlorite at 20% for 15 minutes, planting them after that without the seed coat. The number and length of axillary buds increased by using 22.5 µM of 6-benzylaminopurine and 5.4 µM naphthaleneacetic acid in the multiplication phase. The in vitro propagation of Pinus cubensis Griseb. from zygotic embryos was achieved for the first time. A protocol was also established, reaching 50% of survival in the acclimatization phase. Key words: acclimatization, axillary buds, forestry, multiplication, pinus
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Kramer, K.
2015-01-01
Information on genetic diversity and gene conservation activities were combined with climatic data to evaluate the present genetic conservation efforts in Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies, Quercus spp., Fagus sylvatica, and Pinus pinaster. Combinations of climatic variables explained much of the
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
C. A. M. Brenninkmeijer
2007-09-01
Full Text Available An airfreight container with automated instruments for measurement of atmospheric gases and trace compounds was operated on a monthly basis onboard a Boeing 767-300 ER of LTU International Airways during long-distance flights from 1997 to 2002 (CARIBIC, Civil Aircraft for Regular Investigation of the Atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container, caribic-atmospheric.com">http://www.caribic-atmospheric.com. Subsequently a more advanced system has been developed, using a larger capacity container with additional equipment and an improved inlet system. CARIBIC phase #2 was implemented on a new long-range aircraft type Airbus A340-600 of the Lufthansa German Airlines (Star Alliance in December 2004, creating a powerful flying observatory. The instrument package comprises detectors for the measurement of O3, total and gaseous H2O, NO and NOy, CO, CO2, O2, Hg, and number concentrations of sub-micrometer particles (>4 nm, >12 nm, and >18 nm diameter. Furthermore, an optical particle counter (OPC and a proton transfer mass spectrometer (PTR-MS are incorporated. Aerosol samples are collected for analysis of elemental composition and particle morphology after flight. Air samples are taken in glass containers for laboratory analyses of hydrocarbons, halocarbons and greenhouse gases (including isotopic composition of CO2 in several laboratories. Absorption tubes collect oxygenated volatile organic compounds. Three differential optical absorption spectrometers (DOAS with their telescopes mounted in the inlet system measure atmospheric trace gases such as BrO, HONO, and NO2. A video camera mounted in the inlet provides information about clouds along the flight track. The flying observatory, its equipment and examples of measurement results are reported.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Campos Néstor Hernando
1991-06-01
Full Text Available Se describe por primera vez para el Caribe colombiano un representante de la familia de cangrejos Palicidae, Palicus alternatus Rathbun, 1897, de la región de Santa Marta. Se complementa la descripción y se hacen anotaciones sobre su dimorfismo sexual. One member of the crab family Palicidae, Palicus alternatus Rathbun, 1897, is described by the first time for the Colombian Caribbean; the species was collected in the Santa Marta region. The description of P. alternatus is completed, including a discussion of its sexual dimorphism.
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Plagas, enfermedades y saberes agrícolas en el Caribe, un estudio de caso
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Fernández Prieto, Leida
2011-08-01
Full Text Available From the new approaches in social studies of science and technology concerned with the analysis of sites where science is developed and how it circulates, I am interested to observe the Caribbean as an island-center in the tropical agronomic knowledge development. For this, I study how the scientific steps were formulated to eradicate the plagues that currently affect more intensely coconut plantations in the Caribbean and Latin America, called Lethal Yellowing Disease of Coconut, which has destroyed the industry crops in many areas. The epidemic first appeared in the nineteenth century in the Caribbean Antilles, which forced local scientists to develop a database of global knowledge. In particular, I observe the process in Cuba from scientific discussions generated at the Royal Academy of Medical Sciences, Physical and Natural Sciences of Havana, as well as the entry of U.S. scientists in the new imperial context of early twentieth century, who expanded their field of study throughout the English and Spanish Caribbean through the exchange of ideas and experiences.
A partir de los nuevos enfoques en los estudios sociales de la ciencia y la tecnología interesados en el análisis de los sitios donde se produce la ciencia y cómo circula, me interesa observar el Caribe como isla-centro en la construcción del saber agronómico tropical. Para ello estudio cómo se fueron formulando científicamente los pasos a seguir para erradicar una de las plagas que actualmente afectan con más intensidad las plantaciones de cocos del Caribe y América Latina, llamada Amarillamiento Letal del Cocotero (ALC, la cual ha destruido la industria de la copra en muchas zonas productoras. La epidemia apareció por vez primera en el siglo XIX en el Caribe antillano, donde obligó a los científicos locales a elaborar un sistema de conocimiento global. En particular, observo ese proceso en Cuba a partir de los debates científicos generados en la Real -
Morphological evaluation of the Pinus kesiya complex (Pinaceae)
Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database
Businský, R.; Frantík, Tomáš; Vít, Petr
2014-01-01
Roč. 300, č. 2 (2014), s. 273-285 ISSN 0378-2697 Institutional support: RVO:67985939 Keywords : morphological var iation * Pinus densata ssp. tibetica * Pinus kesiya complex Subject RIV: EF - Botanics Impact factor: 1.422, year: 2014
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Jonathan D. Coop; Anna W. Schoettle
2009-01-01
Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine (Pinus aristata) and limber pine (Pinus flexilis) are important highelevation pines of the southern Rockies that are forecast to decline due to the recent spread of white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) into this region. Proactive management strategies to promote the evolution of rust resistance and maintain ecosystem function...
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El poblamiento en el siglo XVI. Contrastes entre el Caribe y el interior andino
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Marta Herrera Ángel
2007-04-01
Full Text Available Hablar de poblamiento en el Caribe o en el interior andino y, en general, en América en el siglo XVI, desde la perspectiva de la población que lo habitaba, resulta en buena medida un contrasentido, ya que lo que tuvo lugar en la mayor parte de este continente a lo largo del siglo XVI y buena parte del XVII , como consecuencia de la invasión europea. fue un intenso y continuado proceso de despoblamiento. Ese proceso, en todo caso, no significó la desaparición de la población nativa que, por lo menos hasta finales del siglo XVII y comienzos del siglo XVIII, continuó siendo la población mayoritaria en buena parte del territorio. Pero además, es de resaltar que en las llanuras del Caribe colombiano, así como en el interior andino, al igual que en muchas otras partes del territorio americano, el proceso de despoblamiento que tuvo lugar desde finales del siglo XV no fue compensado por el arribo de pobladores de otros continentes.
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Miasis nosocomiales en América Latina y el Caribe: ¿una realidad ignorada?
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Rocío Sánchez-Sánchez
Full Text Available Las miasis nosocomiales son infestaciones por larvas de mosca que se producen después de la hospitalización del paciente. Para analizar la información disponible sobre miasis nosocomiales en América Latina y el Caribe, se realizó una búsqueda de casos publicados en los últimos 52 años. Se encontraron nueve casos clínicos en Brasil, Costa Rica, Guayana Francesa, Honduras y Jamaica. También existen dos publicaciones con datos agregados que mencionan 139 casos en El Salvador y alrededor de 32 en Colombia. Los pacientes y el entorno descritos en los casos presentaron condiciones que predisponen a este tipo de infestaciones. Las miasis nosocomiales en América Latina y el Caribe no suelen ser de declaración obligatoria, por lo que es probable que exista un importante subregistro. Es necesario crear conciencia y mejorar el registro de estas miasis en la región para tomar las medidas más adecuadas de prevención, que beneficien el cuidado del paciente durante su hospitalización.
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Choi, D.S.; Kayama, M.; Jin, H.O.; Lee, C.H.; Izuta, T.; Koike, T.
2006-01-01
We investigated the effects of pollutants on two pine species (Pinus koraiensis and Pinus rigida) in an industrial region in Korea, using a physiological approach. The concentrations of fluorine (F) and chlorine (Cl) in the atmosphere, in precipitation and soil water at the damaged site were all significantly higher than at a control site. Moreover, the concentrations of F, Cl and Mn in pine needles were significantly higher, and essential elements and chlorophyll in needles were significantly lower at the damaged site than at the control site. The photosynthetic capacities, shoot length and survival statistics of needles of the two pines were all significantly reduced at the damaged site compared to the control site, especially P. rigida. Based on our comparison of photosynthetic responses and the concentrations of F, Cl and Mn in needles of the two pine species, P. koraiensis is more resistant to excess Mn in its needles than P. rigida. - Pinus koraiensis seems to be more pollution tolerant than Pinus rigida
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Hevia Cabal, Andrea
2013-01-01
Esta tesis evaluó la influencia de diferentes intensidades de poda sobre el crecimiento, desarrollo y persistencia de masas regulares jóvenes de Pinus radiata D. Don y Pinus pinaster Aiton en Asturias, dentro de una selvicultura sostenible enfocada a la producción de madera de calidad.
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Ciudades nuevas sostenibles en las regiones del Caribe y Orinoquia
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Julio Carrizosa Umaña
2009-11-01
Full Text Available Se propone una política regional de construcción de nuevas ciudades para lograr un uso más racional de la energía, el agua y los suelos, disminuir la presión poblacional sobre las ciudades grandes, disminuir los costos de la descontaminación de los ambientes urbanos y mitigar los impactos de la población urbana sobre los ecosistemas. Se anotan los obstáculos geográficos, históricos, sociales y económicos en el proceso de manejo de la contaminación urbana, se detalla la situación actual ambiental de la capital de Colombia. Se explica cuál es el papel de la ingeniería en la sostenibilidad de las ciudades y se recomienda una política de planificación y construcción de nuevas ciudades en las regiones del Caribe y de la Orinoquia. /A regional policy of new towns development is proposed in order to obtain a better quality of life, a more rational use of energy, water and soil resources and alleviation of population pressure in the large cities, lower costs of contamination management and mitigation of impacts of urban population on ecosystems. Geographic, historic, social and economic obstacles in contamination management are noted and the case of the capital is analyzed. Engineering roles in obtaining sustainable cities are outlined. Priority in the development of new towns in the Caribe and Orinoquia is recommended.
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Late Eocene white pines (Pinus subgenus Strobus) from southern China.
Xu, Qingqing; Zhou, Wenjun; Kodrul, Tatiana M; Naugolnykh, Serge V; Jin, Jianhua
2015-11-09
Fossil records indicate that the genus Pinus L. split into two subgenera by the Late Cretaceous, although subgenus Strobus (D. Don) Lemmon is less well documented than subgenus Pinus L., especially in eastern Asia. In this paper, Pinus maomingensis sp. nov. is established based on a compressed seed cone from the upper Eocene of the Maoming Basin of southern China. This species is attributed to genus Pinus, subgenus Strobus, section Quinquefoliae Duhamel, subsection Strobus Loudon based on the combination of morphological characters obtained from the cone scales, specifically from the terminal umbo, rhombic apophysis, and cuticle structure. Associated fascicles of needle leaves with deciduous sheaths and bulbous bases are recognized as Pinus sp. and also represent Pinus subgenus Strobus. This new discovery from the Maoming Basin constitutes the first megafossil record of subgenus Strobus from southern China and implies that the members of this subgenus arrived in the southern region of China by the late Eocene. The extant species of subgenus Strobus are mainly distributed in northern temperate and tropical to subtropical mountainous regions. We propose that the Maoming Basin was adjacent to a mountainous region during the late Eocene.
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Bogino, Stella M; Bravo, Felipe
2014-01-01
Carbon isotope ratios, recorded as "1"3C/"1"2C variations in tree rings of woody species, are the result of physiological changes related to environmental conditions. The objective of this work was to analyze the association among carbon thirteen variability (δ"1"3C), climate variables and tree-ring growth of Pinus pinaster and Pinus sylvestris in central Spain. Pulverized woody material from the period 1975-1999 from four trees for each pine species was analyzed. To detect common patterns in δ"1"3C within each species and between δ"1"3C and growth indices, a principal component analysis (PCA) was performed. δ"1"3C of trees and the residual tree-ring chronologies were used at the PCA. Multilevel mixed linear models were applied between intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) and climate variables. Our results show an inverse significant correlation between δ"1"3C and tree-ring growth of both species. Winter and spring air moisture was negatively correlated with iWUE of Pinus pinaster. July maximum temperature was positively correlated with iWUE of Pinus sylvestris. As δ"1"3C is significantly related to climate and growth and it may be recommended as a valuable tool for tree growth dynamic analysis to withstand increasingly stressful climate conditions
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Growth and dynamic modulus of elasticity of Pinus patula × Pinus ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Field establishment of South Africa's most important commercial pine species, Pinus patula, is severely hampered by the pitch canker fungus, Fusarium circinatum. Importantly, hybrids between P. patula and other pine species tolerant to the pitch canker fungus, such as P. tecunumanii and P. oocarpa, have been identified ...
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GLÉCIO M. SIQUEIRA
2009-04-01
Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a relação e a continuidade espacial de características dendrométricas de pinus (Pinus pinaster Aiton e de atributos do solo. As amostragens foram realizadas em uma área de 0,25 ha cultivada com Pinus pinaster em Muras (Província de Lugo, Galícia, Espanha. Os atributos amostrados foram: o diâmetro da base das árvores (DB; o diâmetro a 0,30 m acima da base (D30; o diâmetro a altura do peito (a 1,3 m de altura, DAP, altura das árvores (ALT, profundidade do perfil do solo (PROF e a condutividade elétrica aparente do solo a 0,3 m de profundidade (CEa-H e a 1,5 m de profundidade (CEa-V. O uso da geoestatística permitiu caracterizar a variabilidade espacial de todos os atributos em estudo, com exceção da profundidade da rocha que apresentou efeito pepita puro. Os dados apresentaram moderada razão de dependência espacial entre amostras. Os mapas de variabilidade espacial não demonstram uma relação entre os mapas dos atributos de solo e planta estudados.Palavras-Chave: geoestatística; silvicultura de precisão; condutividade elétrica aparente do solo.
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Forestry and fiber crop production in the higher rainfall areas of tropical Australia
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Wood, I.M.; Volck, H.E.; Cameron, D.M.; Thomson, N.J.
1981-01-01
An analysis of the nearly 1 million square km of higher rainfall area shows that less than 4% has potential for arable agriculture or commercial forestry. Except for rain forest on the eastern Queensland coast (now largely protected), native forest has little potential for timber or pulp. Plantations of Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis offer the best potential for forest production in Queensland and Northern Territory. The most promising agricultural fiber crops for paper pulp are bagasse, which could be upgraded by mixing with pine mill wastes, and kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus). The freight costs involved in a forestry and fiber project in northern Australia are analyzed and the possibility of some local processing is considered. (Refs. 33).
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Maydi Estrada Bayona
2014-01-01
Full Text Available “Yo soy del Son a la Salsa”: La re-edición de nuevasexpresiones interculturales caribeñas en el espacio cinematográfico,es un artículo reflexivo que forma parte dela investigación titulada: Claves Interculturales Caribeñasen la poética cinematográfica de Rigoberto López. El mismoconstituye un acercamiento al tratamiento del temade la diáspora cubana y caribeña en el contexto del Caribeafro-hispánico insular y en Nueva York. El estudio tomacomo antecedente el largometraje de ficción La Últimacena, (1976 de Tomás Gutiérrez Alea y como obra principalel documental: Yo soy del Son a la Salsa, (1996 deRigoberto López, para a través de los aportes de la narrativacinematográfica cubana valorar acerca del impactosociocultural del sujeto migrante en los espacios de acogiday de origen. Ambas obras son referentes en el análisisde estos fenómenos sociales en relación a: su evoluciónen el tiempo, unicidad y diversidad de manifestaciones.Asimismo visualiza la complejidad de las relaciones espacialesabordadas en sus narrativas y explica los nexosentre ellas como obras propiamente. Define la visión interculturale intertextual del documental Yo soy del Son ala Salsa dentro de la estética de la creolización de su creador.Se analiza el lenguaje de la música como expresiónsimbólica de una identidad multicultural caribeña visto, apartir de los géneros musicales del Son y la Salsa, de igualmodo al espacio cinematográfico como revitalizador detradiciones en el Caribe.
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Lutfy Ditya Cahyanti
2015-06-01
Full Text Available The aim of this experiment was to study the effectof pine leaf as allelophaty on purslane germination. Theexperiment were conducted at screen house Departmentof Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, BrawijayaUniversity. The research is experimental design by nonfactorial Completely Randomized Blok Design, with threereplications, consisted of eleven levels. Purslane seeds sprout with control treatment, signifi cantly different from seedssprout ability in treatment solution leaves Pinus merkusii 2000ppm, and solution leaves of P. longaeva 2000 ppm. The resultshowed that 2000 ppm of P. merkusii extraction signifi cantlysuppressed 46% of purslane germination whereas 2000 ppmPinus longeava extraction signifi cantly suppressed of 41%campared to without any treatments (control.
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producción bibliométrica y redes de cooperación en la revista psicología desde el caribe
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José Hernando Ávila-Toscano
2016-01-01
Full Text Available En este artículo se presentan resultados de un estudio cuyo objetivo se centró en el análisis de los indicadores bibliométricos y las redes de colaboración en la revista de psicología más representativa del Caribe colombiano (Psicología desde el Caribe durante el período 2009- 2013. Tras el análisis de 12 números, los resultados demuestran la importancia otorgada al trabajo colaborativo, que se evidencia en un elevado porcentaje de textos escritos por varios autores (83.2 %, que particularmente proceden de instituciones colombianas, que prefieren el trabajo conjunto con los de España, México y Estados Unidos. La revista también so- bresale como un órgano de la preferencia para una red importante de autores de Brasil. En los artículos publicados destacan las investigaciones de tipo aplicado y de temáticas clínicas y sociales, como las de mayor preferencia por parte de los articulistas. Psicología desde el Caribe se perfila como un órgano de difusión esencialmente en español, que parece gozar del crédito y la confianza de autores de todo el continente Americano y España.
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Genetic Analysis of Pinus sylvestris L. and Pinus sylvestris forma turfosa L. Using RAPD Markers
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Beáta ÁBRAHÁM
2010-03-01
Full Text Available The purpose of the present study was to determine the level of genetic diversity within and among Ciuc basin, Romania (populations from Mohos and Luci raised bogs in Harghita Mountain and Sumuleu in Ciuc Mountain Pinus sylvestris populations using molecular markers. Two of populations (Mohos and Luci seems to be the descendants that survived the continental glaciation. Genetic diversity was analyzed by RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA. Nine primers were selected for analysis, which generated reproducible bands. On base of presence or absence of homologues bands Nei’s gene diversity, the percentage of polymorphic loci and Nei’s unbiased genetic distance were calculated. The level of genetic variation among populations was found to be low. For both populations the variation values among populations were higher than within populations. The fossil records and geological historical data explain the extremely low genetic diversity of this species. Pinus sylvestris experienced strong bottlenecks during its evolutionary history, which caused the loss of genetic variation. Genetic drift and breeding in post-bottlenecked small populations may be the major forces that contribute to low genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of populations. Human activities may have accelerated the loss of genetic diversity in Pinus sylvestris.
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Jasneth Mullings
2007-03-01
Full Text Available Al igual que el resto del mundo, el Caribe ha sido testigo del drástico paso de las enfermedades nutricionales y transmisibles a las enfermedades no transmisibles y crónicas. No obstante, en el Caribe este cambio ha coincidido con una nueva dinámica, creada por la emergencia de enfermedades transmisibles -como la infección por el VIH/sida- junto con los problemas relacionados con el envejecimiento, las enfermedades cardiovasculares, la violencia y las lesiones, entre otros. En este artículo se hace una revisión de la historia de la atención sanitaria en el Caribe, los retos y enfoques del sector salud y la nueva orientación en la atención primaria de salud (APS. Las observaciones se basan en trabajos publicados. En el Caribe, la Declaración de Alma-Ata sirvió como importante punto de giro y ofreció orientación, apoyo y dirección a medida que los países perfilaban sus servicios de salud para satisfacer sus necesidades. La creatividad y el ingenio surgieron como rasgos distintivos del enfoque caribeño en la reestructuración de la APS, ante los retos económicos, sociales, culturales, de recursos humanos y de políticas que enfrentaban. El fortalecimiento de de la capacidad institucional, la extensión de los programas sociales, los esquemas nacionales de seguros de salud, los programas específicos de promoción de salud y la ampliación de la investigación en apoyo al desarrollo de políticas continúan evidenciando el esfuerzo caribeño para responder a los cruciales retos epidemiológicos. A pesar de esos retos, se han establecido alianzas dentro y fuera del Caribe. Además, la Carta del Caribe para la Promoción de la Salud ha servido como elemento crítico para el desarrollo de la APS.
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Dezzotti, A.; Sbrancia, R.; Mortoro, A.; Monte, C.
2009-07-01
In the Southern Hemisphere, Pinus species from plantations can bring about processes of biological invasion that cause significant and permanent changes on the structure and functioning of surrounding natural ecosystems. The invasive character of Pinus ponderosa (P) and Pinus contorta (C) was examined for a 20-year old plantation located in the Alicura Forest Station (40 degree centigrade 40' S and 71 degree centigrade 00' W), through the analysis of abundance, age and spatial structures, and dispersal of natural regeneration. Seedlings and saplings were located largely within the plantation boundaries, and exhibited a density of 6.9 ind / ha (41 % for P and 59 % for C), a clustered spatial pattern with clumps dispersed not randomly, and a mean dispersal rate of 9.5 m / yr for P. ponderosa and 5.4 m / yr for P. contorta. Both species were invading the adjacent area, according to technical criteria based on ecological responses. However, regeneration niche is strongly hindering tree establishment and dispersal, probably due to high plant cover, presence of vertic soils, and absence of ectomycorrhizal fungi. These results can contribute to predict the capability of P. contorta and P. ponderosa to become invasive, in order to maximize the positive balance of forestry based on these species in northwestern Patagonia. (Author) 50 refs.
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F. Márquez Montesino; T. Cordero Alcántara; J. Rodríguez Mirasol; J. J. Rodríguez Jiménez
2001-01-01
Los residuos forestales y de plantas agrícolas leñosas constituyen recursos potenciales con interesantes posibilidades de aprovechamiento tecnológico, entre los que cabe destacar el empleo de procesos termoquímicos, combustión, gasificación y pirólisis. La valoración energética de un determinado material debe considerar como elemento fundamental su poder calorífico. En el presente trabajo se presentan los resultados obtenidos sobre las posibilidades de aprovechamiento energético de d...
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Á contre-courant : les mobilités caribéennes vers l’Éthiopie
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Giulia Bonacci
2008-09-01
Full Text Available L’article s’intéresse à la migration des Caribéens vers l’Ethiopie, et notamment celle des Rastafariens qui se définissent comme de « vrais Éthiopiens » et se disent « rapatriés » en Éthiopie. En dépit de leur nombre limité, ils n’en sont pas moins importants car ils illustrent la persistance et les transformations des imaginaires et idéologies liant les Noirs du monde à l’Éthiopie ainsi qu’un pan méconnu des mobilités caribéennes qui, se dirigeant vers l’Afrique, se découvrent complètement à contre-courant.The article deals with Caribbean migration towards Ethiopia, and especially the one of Rastafarians who define themselves as ‘true Ethiopians’ and ‘repatriates’ in Ethiopia. Despite their limited number, their experience is nonetheless important as it reveals the persistence and change in imaginaries and ideologies linking black all over the world to Ethiopia as well as unknown Caribbean mobility towards Africa, a mobility which is driven against the current.
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Las otras caras del paraíso: veinte años en la historiografía del turismo en el Caribe, 1993 - 2013
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Orlando Deavila Pertuz
2014-01-01
Full Text Available Este ensayo historiográfico analiza la evolución en el estudio del desarrollo histórico del turismo en el Caribe, cuáles han sido sus debates, perspectivas temáticas, aproximaciones metodológicas, y bases teóricas en los últimos veinte años. El articulo su giere que han sido cinco los temas que han marcado esta trayectoria historiográfica: el estudio del turismo desde sus implicaciones económicas, políticas y sociales (y desde la comparación con el sistema de plantación, desde la perspectiva de género y la sexualidad (y en particular desde la dominación del cuerpo de la mujer caribeña afrodescendiente, desde las relaciones socio - raciales derivadas del encuentro turístico, desde su dimensión simbólica y/o imaginaria, y desde la relación histórica entre el tu rismo y los distintos poderes imperiales que se han establecido en la región. A pesar de la rica trayectoria en el estudio del tema, sus logros no se han extendido al Caribe continental.
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Assonov, S.S.; Brenninkmeijer, C.A.M.; Koeppel, C.; Röckmann, T.
2009-01-01
Analytical details for 13C and 18O isotope analyses of atmospheric CO2 in large air samples are given. The large air samples of nominally 300 L were collected during the passenger aircraft-based atmospheric chemistry research project CARIBIC and analyzed for a large number of trace gases and
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Jared W. Westbrook; Vikram E. Chhatre; Le-Shin Wu; Srikar Chamala; Leandro Gomide Neves; Patricio Munoz; Pedro J. Martinez-Garcia; David B. Neale; Matias Kirst; Keithanne Mockaitis; C. Dana Nelson; Gary F. Peter; John M. Davis; Craig S. Echt
2015-01-01
A consensus genetic map for Pinus taeda (loblolly pine) and Pinus elliottii (slash pine) was constructed by merging three previously published P. taeda maps with a map from a pseudo-backcross between P. elliottii and P. taeda. The consensus map positioned 3856 markers via...
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Composition and structure of Pinus koraiensis mixed forest respond to spatial climatic changes.
Zhang, Jingli; Zhou, Yong; Zhou, Guangsheng; Xiao, Chunwang
2014-01-01
Although some studies have indicated that climate changes can affect Pinus koraiensis mixed forest, the responses of composition and structure of Pinus koraiensis mixed forests to climatic changes are unknown and the key climatic factors controlling the composition and structure of Pinus koraiensis mixed forest are uncertain. Field survey was conducted in the natural Pinus koraiensis mixed forests along a latitudinal gradient and an elevational gradient in Northeast China. In order to build the mathematical models for simulating the relationships of compositional and structural attributes of the Pinus koraiensis mixed forest with climatic and non-climatic factors, stepwise linear regression analyses were performed, incorporating 14 dependent variables and the linear and quadratic components of 9 factors. All the selected new models were computed under the +2°C and +10% precipitation and +4°C and +10% precipitation scenarios. The Max Temperature of Warmest Month, Mean Temperature of Warmest Quarter and Precipitation of Wettest Month were observed to be key climatic factors controlling the stand densities and total basal areas of Pinus koraiensis mixed forest. Increased summer temperatures and precipitations strongly enhanced the stand densities and total basal areas of broadleaf trees but had little effect on Pinus koraiensis under the +2°C and +10% precipitation scenario and +4°C and +10% precipitation scenario. These results show that the Max Temperature of Warmest Month, Mean Temperature of Warmest Quarter and Precipitation of Wettest Month are key climatic factors which shape the composition and structure of Pinus koraiensis mixed forest. Although the Pinus koraiensis would persist, the current forests dominated by Pinus koraiensis in the region would all shift and become broadleaf-dominated forests due to the dramatic increase of broadleaf trees under the future global warming and increased precipitation.
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Chacón-Barrantes, Silvia; López-Venegas, Alberto; Sánchez-Escobar, Rónald; Luque-Vergara, Néstor
2018-04-01
Historical records have shown that tsunami have affected the Caribbean region in the past. However infrequent, recent studies have demonstrated that they pose a latent hazard for countries within this basin. The Hazard Assessment Working Group of the ICG/CARIBE-EWS (Intergovernmental Coordination Group of the Early Warning System for Tsunamis and Other Coastal Threats for the Caribbean Sea and Adjacent Regions) of IOC/UNESCO has a modeling subgroup, which seeks to develop a modeling platform to assess the effects of possible tsunami sources within the basin. The CaribeWave tsunami exercise is carried out annually in the Caribbean region to increase awareness and test tsunami preparedness of countries within the basin. In this study we present results of tsunami inundation using the CaribeWave15 exercise scenario for four selected locations within the Caribbean basin (Colombia, Costa Rica, Panamá and Puerto Rico), performed by tsunami modeling researchers from those selected countries. The purpose of this study was to provide the states with additional results for the exercise. The results obtained here were compared to co-seismic deformation and tsunami heights within the basin (energy plots) provided for the exercise to assess the performance of the decision support tools distributed by PTWC (Pacific Tsunami Warning Center), the tsunami service provider for the Caribbean basin. However, comparison of coastal tsunami heights was not possible, due to inconsistencies between the provided fault parameters and the modeling results within the provided exercise products. Still, the modeling performed here allowed to analyze tsunami characteristics at the mentioned states from sources within the North Panamá Deformed Belt. The occurrence of a tsunami in the Caribbean may affect several countries because a great variety of them share coastal zones in this basin. Therefore, collaborative efforts similar to the one presented in this study, particularly between neighboring
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A. Rauthe-Schöch
2016-03-01
Full Text Available The CARIBIC (Civil Aircraft for the Regular Investigation of the Atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container passenger aircraft observatory performed in situ measurements at 10–12 km altitude in the South Asian summer monsoon anticyclone between June and September 2008. These measurements enable us to investigate this atmospheric region (which so far has mostly been observed from satellites using the broad suite of trace gases and aerosol particles measured by CARIBIC. Elevated levels of a variety of atmospheric pollutants (e.g. carbon monoxide, total reactive nitrogen oxides, aerosol particles, and several volatile organic compounds were recorded. The measurements provide detailed information about the chemical composition of air in different parts of the monsoon anticyclone, particularly of ozone precursors. While covering a range of 3500 km inside the monsoon anticyclone, CARIBIC observations show remarkable consistency, i.e. with distinct latitudinal patterns of trace gases during the entire monsoon period. Using the CARIBIC trace gas and aerosol particle measurements in combination with the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART, we investigated the characteristics of monsoon outflow and the chemical evolution of air masses during transport. The trajectory calculations indicate that these air masses originated mainly from South Asia and mainland Southeast Asia. Estimated photochemical ages of the air were found to agree well with transport times from a source region east of 90–95° E. The photochemical ages of the air in the southern part of the monsoon anticyclone were systematically younger (less than 7 days and the air masses were mostly in an ozone-forming chemical mode. In its northern part the air masses were older (up to 13 days and had unclear ozone formation or destruction potential. Based on analysis of forward trajectories, several receptor regions were identified. In addition to predominantly westward
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Marilet Cazañas-Rivero
2011-03-01
Full Text Available
Teniendo en cuenta el desarrollo de la industria turística y la necesidad de la excelencia competitiva, se concibe este trabajo en el Hotel “Gran Caribe Villa Tortuga” con el objetivo central de diseñar un Sistema de Gestión de la Calidad que permita la mejora del proceso de Alojamiento en este Hotel. Después de un diagnóstico inicial se demostró la necesidad de realizar cambios significativos en la instalación, donde existen dificultades en cuanto a la gestión de la calidad adecuada a las características del Hotel, en el cual no se toman acciones que permitan resolver dichas deficiencias. Se elaboró un procedimiento para el diseño del Sistema de gestión de la Calidad en el Hotel “Gran Caribe Villa Tortuga”. El diseño del Sistema de Gestión de la Calidad en el área de Alojamiento brinda a la dirección del Hotel el estado actual de la calidad de los servicios en esta área, mediante la aplicación de las técnicas utilizadas y ofrece las estrategias a seguir para lograr un mejor servicio.
Abstract
Taking into account the development of the tourist industry and the necessity of the competitive excellence it is conceived this work in the “Gran Caribe Villa Tortuga” Hotel, focusing in the design of a Quality Management System that allows the improvement of the process of Accommodation in this Hotel. After an initial diagnosis, it was demonstrated the necessity of carrying out significant changes in the facilities. There are some difficulties regarding quality management suited to the characteristics of the Hotel in which actions that allow solving these deficiencies are not carried out. It was elaborated a procedure for the design of the Quality Management System in the “Gran Caribe Villa Tortuga” Hotel. The design of the Quality Management System in the Accommodation area provides the Hotel management with the current state of service quality in this area by means of the
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Fusariose em Mudas de Pinus taeda Fusarium disease on Pinus taeda seedlings
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Albino Grigoletti Júnior
2011-03-01
Full Text Available
Viveiros comerciais têm apresentado mudas de Pinus taeda com sintomas de murcha e seca de ponteiros e morte, na Região Sul do Brasil. Isolamento em meio BDA e câmara úmida, teste de patogenicidade e microcultivo foram feitos para identificar o patógeno. Uma espécie de Fusarium foi isolada, cuja identificação encontra-se em andamento. Verificou-sepelos postulados de Koch que Fusarium sp. foi o agente causal dessa doença.Nurseries has presented Pinus taeda seedling with symptoms of wilt, tip blight and death, in Southern Region of Brazil. Isolation on PDA medium, moist chamber, pathogenicity test and microculture were made to identify the pathogen. A species of Fusarium was isolated, which is under identification. It was verified by Koch postulates that Fusarium sp. was the causal agent of this disease. -
Fischer, Dylan G; Kolb, Thomas E; DeWald, Laura E
2002-07-01
We measured sap flux in Pinus ponderosa Laws. and Pinus flexilis James trees in a high-elevation meadow in northern Arizona that has been invaded by conifers over the last 150 years. Sap flux and environmental data were collected from July 1 to September 1, 2000, and used to estimate leaf specific transpiration rate (El), canopy conductance (Gc) and whole-plant hydraulic conductance (Kh). Leaf area to sapwood area ratio (LA/SA) increased with increasing tree size in P. flexilis, but decreased with increasing tree size in P. ponderosa. Both Gc and Kh decreased with increasing tree size in P. flexilis, and showed no clear trends with tree size in P. ponderosa. For both species, Gc was lower in the summer dry season than in the summer rainy season, but El did not change between wet and dry summer seasons. Midday water potential (Psi(mid)) did not change across seasons for either species, whereas predawn water potential (Psi(pre)) tracked variation in soil water content across seasons. Pinus flexilis showed greater stomatal response to vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and maintained higher Psi(mid) than P. ponderosa. Both species showed greater sensitivity to VPD at high photosynthetically active radiation (PAR; > 2500 micromol m-2 s-1) than at low PAR (Pinus species, and was influenced by changes in LA/SA. Whole-tree water use and El were similar between wet and dry summer seasons, possibly because of tight stomatal control over water loss. 2002 Heron Publishing--Victoria, Canada
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Jaume Marlès Magre
2015-12-01
Full Text Available This article presents the first study on dendroclimatology of Pinus pseudostrobus and Pinus devoniana in the state of Michoacán (Mexico, specifically in the municipalities of Áporo and Zitácuaro, both municipalities within the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve (MBBR. The sampling in Áporo, northwest of the MBBR, was held in Los Ejidos del Rincón del Soto and Arroyo Seco, in Sierra Chincúa (May 2011. In Zitácuaro, southwest of the reserve, a sampling was performed in the Ejido de San Juan de Zitácuaro, in the area of Ocotal and Palma, and Meso Sedano (June 2011. There were a total of 38 Pinus pseudostrobus and 12 Pinus devoniana sampled in both areas of the study and distributed in 28 trees in the municipality of Áporo and 22 in Zitácuaro. Two samples per tree were taken at 1.3 m height, resulting in a total of 100 tree cores. The dendrochronological series in Áporo for the species Pinus pseudostrobus were extended to 62 years (1949-2010 and for Pinus devoniana 86 years (1925-2010; and the series in Zitácuaro for Pinus pseudostrobus and Pinus devoniana were extended to 47 years (1964-2010 and 44 years (1967-2010, respectively. The ring chronologies were validated using the program COFECHA, which calculates the cross correlations between individual series of the tree-growth, five series were eliminated due to very low or negative correlations. The climate data from Zitácuaro were obtained from two weather stations located in the same municipality. And, in the case of Áporo, the data was obtained from stations located in Senguio. The growth rates related to the climate were obtained by removing the growth trend of each tree due to the age, size and other factors such as the competition, using the program ARSTAN. The following statistics were used to evaluate the quality of the residual chronologies and to determine the potential dendrochronology of species for the different populations: the average correlation between series (Rbar
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Adaptación del arroz riego (Oryza sativa L. en el Caribe colombiano
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Hermes Aramendiz Tatis
2011-01-01
Full Text Available En Colombia, el arroz ocupa el primer lugar en seguridad alimentaria, valor económico y generación de empleo entre los cultivos anuales, siendo el sistema bajo riego más importante. El objetivo fue determinar el progreso, estabilidad y adaptabilidad del rendimiento de arroz bajo riego, en cinco departamentos del caribe colombiano. Se utilizaron datos del Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, correspondiente a los Departamentos de Córdoba, Bolívar, Magdalena, Cesar y Guajira, durante el periodo 1987-2008. La estimación del progreso del rendimiento se realizó a través del análisis de regresión lineal entre los años (variable explicativa y el rendimiento de grano (variable explicada. La estabilidad se determinó a través del coeficiente de variación para tres períodos consecutivos de cinco años y el último de siete. La adaptabilidad, se realizó con el coeficiente de regresión lineal (bi. Los resultados destacan que el progreso en el rendimiento de grano en el Caribe colombiano, osciló entre 1.15% y 3.36% por año y 52.2 y 168.1 kg.ha-1, especialmente en el Departamento de Bolívar (3.36% por año y 168.1 kg.ha-1. La estabilidad, resultó en general alta (CV4.57 para el rendimiento de grano.
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Critical water stress levels in Pinus patula seedlings and their ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Critical water stress levels in Pinus patula seedlings and their relation to measures of seedling morphology. ... Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science ... A pot trial was implemented to determine the effect of soil water stress following transplanting on shoot water potential and stomatal conductance of Pinus patula ...
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Germination and early seedling growth of Pinus densata Mast. provenances
Yulan Xu; Nianhui Cai; Bin He; Ruili Zhang; Wei Zhao; Jianfeng Mao; Anan Duan; Yue Li; Keith Woeste
2016-01-01
We studied seed germination and early seedling growth of Pinus densata to explore the range of variability within the species and to inform afforestation practices. Phenotypes were evaluated at a forest tree nursery under conditions that support Pinus yunnanensis, one of the presumed parental species of P. densata...
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Amenazas naturales asociadas al ascenso del nivel del mar en Caribe Colombiano
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Kim Gregory Robertson
2003-01-01
Full Text Available Se presentan los resultados de recientes investigaciones sobre el impacto del ascenso del nivel del mar en la Costa Caribe colombiana, bases para el primer informe de Colombia a la Convención Internacional de Cambio Climático, adelantado en convenio con elIDE..-\\.1f. Con base en el estudio de las geoformas litorales, los procesos dinámicos asociados y su evolución reciente, se evaluó la amenaza por inundación y erosión asociada al actual ascenso del nivel del mar, proyectado por IP(C (panel Intergubemamcntal de Expertos de Cambio Climático en un metro pata el año 2100. A partir de la interpretación de imágenes de satélite y fotografias aéreas, apoyada en información secundaria y verificación de campo, se identificaron 15 unidades geomorfológicas básicas de origen estructural, fluvial y marino. Con base las características geomorfológicas y criterios de resiliencia frente a la acción del oleaje y la inundación litoral, se generó un modelo morfodinámico que pronostica el impacto del ascenso del nivel marino para el litoral Caribe colombiano. De acuerdo con este análisis, se estima que las unidades geomorfológicas recientes desarrolladas durante los últimos 2.500 años podrían ser reactivadas por el actual ascenso del nivel del mar, afectando numerosos centros urbanos tales como Cartagena, Santa Marta, Puerto Colombia y Turbo y actividades económicas de-importancia como el comercio portuario y el turismo. Para los 1.819 Km. de línea de costa del Caribe Colombiano, se estima que el 33.7% presenta alta susceptibilidad a la erosión marina, representado por geoformas que presentan grari fragilidad ante los procesos erosivos. En la linea de costa restante, 31,2% presenta susceptibilidad mec!ia y 35.1% susceptibilidad baja y muy baja, en una linea de costa caracterizada por geoformas con fragilidad y mecanismos de resiliencia variables. Por inundación, se pronostica que 1192 Km2 de costa baja serán anegados, 2331 Km2
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Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Pinus roxburghii Sarg.
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Dhirender Kaushik
2012-01-01
Full Text Available The Chir Pine, Pinus roxburghii, named after William Roxburgh, is a pine native to the Himalaya. Pinus roxburghii Sarg. (Pinaceae is traditionally used for several medicinal purposes in India. As the oil of the plant is extensively used in number of herbal preparation for curing inflammatory disorders, the present study was undertaken to assess analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of its bark extract. Dried and crushed leaves of Pinus roxburghii Sarg. were defatted with petroleum ether and then extracted with alcohol. The alcoholic extract at the doses of 100 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and 500 mg/kg body weight was subjected to evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities in experimental animal models. Analgesic activity was evaluated by acetic acid-induced writhing and tail immersion tests in Swiss albino mice; acute and chronic anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by carrageenan-induced paw oedema and cotton pellet granuloma in Wistar albino rats. Diclofenac sodium and indomethacin were employed as reference drugs for analgesic and anti-inflammatory studies, respectively. In the present study, the alcoholic bark extract of Pinus roxburghii Sarg. demonstrated significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities in the tested models.
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An evaluation of wood properties of Pinus caribeae (Morelet) in ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
This paper examines the effects of within tree variation on wood density, ring width and anisotropic shrinkage of Pinus caribeae (Morelet) among tree partitions in Oluwa pine plantation. Five 15-year old Pinus caribeae (Morelet) in three partitions were randomly selected from the plantation and felled for the study. Wood ...
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Osorio, Andrés Fernando; Mesa, Julio César; Bernal, Gladis Rocío; Montoya, Rubén Darío
2009-01-01
Este trabajo describe una primera aproximación al clima de oleaje, dentro del proyecto llamado Interacción entre los procesos Atmósfera-Océano- Tierra en el Caribe colombiano. El principal objetivo es mejorar la información de nivel del mar y climatología del oleaje en las aguas del Caribe colombiano. Para esto 40 años de vientos del proyecto global Reanalysis 1 (resolución de 1.8º x 1.905º y cuatro datos diarios) del National Center for Environmental Prediction y el National Center for Atmos...
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Effect on nursery and field performance of Pinus patula seedlings ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Fusarium circinatum is an important fungal pathogen of Pinus species. In South Africa, it is the most significant pathogen of Pinus patula seedlings in forestry nurseries where it presents a substantial constraint to productivity and can continue to cause mortality in-field for up to two years after establishment. This study ...
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Beatriz Patiño Millán
2002-01-01
Full Text Available Marta Herrera Ángel. Ordenar para Controlar. Ordenamiento espacial y control político en las Llanuras del Caribe y en los Andes Centrales Neogranadinos. Siglo XVIII. Bogotá: Instituto Colombiano de Antropología e Historia - Academia Colombiana de Historia, 2002, pp. 343. En este libro Marta Herrera estudia la estructuración del ordenamiento espacial y político durante el siglo XVIII de las llanuras del Caribe, nombre con el cual denomina el ámbito espacial correspondiente a las gobernaciones de Cartagena y Santa Marta, y los Andes Centrales, apelativo que utiliza para referirse a los territorios de la provincia de Santafé y la jurisdicción de la ciudad de Tunja.
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Ricardo Alvarez
1999-03-01
Full Text Available Se comentan los tres brotes de ictiosarcotoxicosis (ciguatera conocidos en las costas colombianas sobre el Mar Caribe, causados por la ingestión de la carne de los peces Sphyraena barracuda (Walbaum y Seriola dumerili (Mitchiil.
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Koutsaviti, Katerina; Giatropoulos, Athanassios; Pitarokili, Danae; Papachristos, Dimitrios; Michaelakis, Antonios; Tzakou, Olga
2015-02-01
The needle volatiles metabolites of seven Pinus spp.: Pinus nigra (3 samples), Pinus stankewiczii, Pinus brutia, Pinus halepensis, Pinus canariensis, Pinus pinaster and Pinus strobus from Greece were determined by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. P. nigra and P. canariensis essential oils were dominated by α-pinene (24.9-28.9 % and 15 %, respectively) and germacrene D (20.3-31.9 % and 55.8 %, respectively), whereas P. brutia and P. strobus by α-pinene (20.6 % and 31.4 %, respectively) and β-pinene (31.7 % and 33.6 %, respectively). P. halepensis and P. pinaster oils were characterized by β-caryophyllene (28.5 % and 22.5 %, respectively). Finally, β-pinene (31.4 %), germacrene D (23.3 %) and α-pinene (17.5 %) were the most abundant compounds in the needle oil of P. stankewiczii. Additionally the larvicidal and repellent properties of their essential oils were evaluated against Aedes albopictus, a mosquito of great ecological and medical importance. The results of bioassays revealed that repellent abilities of the tested essential oils were more potent than their larvicidal activities. The essential oils of P. brutia, P. halepensis and P. stankewiczii presented considerable larvicidal activity (LC50 values 67.04 mgL(-1) and 70.21 mgL(-1), respectively), while the others were weak to inactive against larvae. The essential oils of P. halepensis, P. brutia, and P. stankewiczii presented a high repellent activity, even at the dose of 0.2 μL cm(-2), while in the dose of 0.4 μL cm(-2), almost all the tested EOs displayed protection against the mosquito.
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Adaptación del arroz riego (Oryza sativa L. en el Caribe
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Aramendiz Tatis Hermes
2011-03-01
Full Text Available
En Colombia, el arroz ocupa el primer lugar en seguridad alimentaria, valor económico y generación de empleo entre los cultivos anuales, siendo el sistema bajo riego mãs importante. El objetivo fue determinar el progreso, estabilidad y adaptabilidad del rendimiento de arroz bajo riego, en cinco departamentos del caribe colombiano. Se utilizaron datos del Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, correspondiente a los Departamentos de Córdoba, Bolívar, Magdalena, Cesar y Guajira, durante el periodo 1987-2008. La estimación del progreso del rendimiento se realizó a través del análisis de regresión lineal entre los años (variable explicativa y el rendimiento de grano (variable explicada. La estabilidad se determinó a través del coeficiente de variación para tres periodos consecutivos de cinco años y el último de siete. La adaptabilidad, se realizó con el coeficiente de regresión lineal (bi. Los resultados destacan que el progreso en el rendimiento de grano en el Caribe colombiano, osciló entre 1.15% y
3.36% por año y 52.2 y 168.1 kg.ha-1, especialmente en el Departamento de Bolivar (3.36% por año y 168.1 kg.ha-1. La estabilidad, resultó en general alta (CV<15.56% y se incrementó con los años. Los cinco departamentos, presentaron adaptabilidad general (bi>4.57 para el rendimiento de grano. -
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Alvarez León Ricardo
1991-12-01
Full Text Available Se registra por primera vez la presencia de seis especies de peces colectados en el río Acandí durante la expedición URABA II, en febrero de 1985, tres de los cuales (Citharichtys spilopterus, Achirus lineatus y Sphoeroides testudineus, son nuevos registros para los ríos del Caribe colombiano. Six species of fishes, collected in the river Acandí during expedition URABA II, in February of 1985, are reported for first time, of the wish three (Citharichtys spilopterus, Achirus lineatus y Sphoeroides testudineus, is new report for the rivers of the Colombian Caribbean.
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Lila Ferrat
2007-07-01
Full Text Available Fire is a dominant ecological factor in Mediterranean-type ecosystems. Management strategies include prescribed (controlled burning, which has been used in the management of several species, such as Pinus nigra ssp laricio var. Corsicana, a pine endemic to Corsica of great ecological and economic importance. The effects of prescribed burning on Pinus laricio have been little studied. The first aim of this study was to characterize total and simple phenolic compounds in Pinus laricio. The second aim was to understand: i the short term (one to three months and medium term (three years effects of prescribed burning, and ii the effects of periodic prescribed burning on the production of phenolic compounds in Pinus laricio. The first result of this study is the presence of total and simple phenolic compounds in the needles of Pinus laricio. 3-Vanillyl propanol is the major compound. After a prescribed burning, the synthesis of total phenolic compounds increases in Pinus laricio for a period of three months. Total phenolic compounds could be used as bioindicators for the short-term response of Pinus laricio needles to prescribed burning. Simple phenolic compounds do not seem to be good indicators of the impact of prescribed burning because prescribed burnings are low in intensity.
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Cannac, Magali; Pasqualini, Vanina; Greff, Stéphane; Fernandez, Catherine; Ferrat, Lila
2007-07-30
Fire is a dominant ecological factor in Mediterranean-type ecosystems. Management strategies include prescribed (controlled) burning, which has been used in the management of several species, such as Pinus nigra ssp laricio var. Corsicana, a pine endemic to Corsica of great ecological and economic importance. The effects of prescribed burning on Pinus laricio have been little studied. The first aim of this study was to characterize total and simple phenolic compounds in Pinus laricio. The second aim was to understand: i) the short term (one to three months) and medium term (three years) effects of prescribed burning, and ii) the effects of periodic prescribed burning on the production of phenolic compounds in Pinus laricio. The first result of this study is the presence of total and simple phenolic compounds in the needles of Pinus laricio. 3-Vanillyl propanol is the major compound. After a prescribed burning, the synthesis of total phenolic compounds increases in Pinus laricio for a period of three months. Total phenolic compounds could be used as bioindicators for the short-term response of Pinus laricio needles to prescribed burning. Simple phenolic compounds do not seem to be good indicators of the impact of prescribed burning because prescribed burnings are low in intensity.
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Movimiento feminista en América Latina y el Caribe: balance y perspectivas
Portugal, Ana María; Saa, María Antonieta; Hiriart, Berta; Bravo, Rosa
1986-01-01
No nos llevó mucho tiempo decidir que el N° 5 de nuestras Ediciones Isis Internacional de las Mujeres debía dar cuenta del desarrollo del Movimiento Feminista en América Latina y el Caribe en estos últimos 15 años. Después de asistir al III Encuentro Feminista y palpar el crecimiento cualitativo y cuantitativo de las feministas y los feminismos de los diversos países, y a no nos cupo duda alguna. Por otra parte, en estos años, producto de múltiples razones, en casi todos los países de nuestra...
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Redes de distribución de caribú en Sheshatshiu, Labrador: una estrategia de modelización
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Damian Castro
2009-07-01
Full Text Available La localidad de Sheshatshiu, en la península de Québec/Labrador, es uno de los asentamientos del pueblo Innu impulsados por el gobierno canadiense en los 1950s y 1960s. A pesar de la crisis alimentaria que la sedentarización forzada produjo, el caribú sigue constituyendo una parte importante de la dieta y la cultura Innu. El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar una estrategia de modelización de la distribución de caribú en Sheshatshiu. La metodología seleccionada incluye tres pasos. El primer paso de modelización es el diseño de una base de datos con la información de distribución obtenida a partir de una encuesta en la que se relevaron 30 casas aleatoriamente y un subsiguiente muestreo "bola de nieve". Luego, se usa el programa UCINET para determinar clusterización, conectividad y centralidad. El tercer y último paso es determinar el alcance la distribución de caribú a partir del análisis de los procedimientos previos.The town of Sheshatshiu, located in the Quebec-Labrador peninsula, is one of the settlements created by the Canadian government in the 1950s and 1960s. In spite of the nutritional crisis that the forced sedentarization produced, caribou is still an important part of the Innu diet and culture. The goal of this paper is to show a modeling strategy of the caribou distribution in Sheshatshiu. The selected methodology includes three steps. The first modeling step is the design of a database to store the distribution information obtained from a random survey of 30 households and a subsequent snowball survey. The second step is to determine the clusterization, connectivity and centrality measures, using UCINET software. The third and last step is establishing the scope of caribou distribution using the previous procedures.
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Criptofauna en rocas de Punta Nizuc, Caribe mexicano y su utilidad como biomonitor potencial
Campos-Vázquez, Concepción; Carrera-Parra, Luis F; González, Norma Emilia; Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I
1999-01-01
Para completar el diagnóstico de la calidad ambiental en el Parque Marino Nacional Isla Mujeres-Cancún-Nizuc Caribe mexicano, se estudió la posible utilidad de la criptofauna de rocas como monitora de impacto. Se trazó un transecto a lo largo de un gradiente de intensidad de visitantes a Punta Nizuc. Se visitaron tres lugares (1.5-4 m prof.), a 50, 250 y 500 m de distancia de la plataforma turistica, y en cada uno de ellos se recogieron tres rocas. Los 1368 organismos encontrados fueron ident...
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Pinus nigra and Pinus pinaster needles as passive samplers of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Piccardo, Maria Teresa; Pala, Mauro; Bonaccurso, Bruna; Stella, Anna; Redaelli, Anna; Paola, Gaudenzio; Valerio, Federico
2005-01-01
Nine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analysed in pine needles of different ages (from 6 to 30 months) collected from two species, Pinus nigra and Pinus pinaster, in seven sites located along a transect from a suburban to a rural area of Genoa (Italy). In all sites and for both species, concentrations of more volatile PAHs (phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene) were higher than those for other less volatile PAHs, which are preferentially sorbed to airborne particulates (benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzofluoranthenes, benzo[a]pyrene). Concentrations of total PAHs found in P. nigra in the rural sites were, on the average, 2.3 times higher than those in P. pinaster growing nearby. In both pine species, concentrations of volatile PAHs increased according to needle age. Annual trends of other PAHs were more variable, with a general decrease in older needles. P. pinaster needles are shown to be more reliable passive samplers, since they are more resistant to plant diseases, and considerable variation in PAH concentration was observed in P. nigra needles with moulds and fungi. - The suitability of the pine needles as passive air samplers for persistent trace organics is demonstrated
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Pinus nigra and Pinus pinaster needles as passive samplers of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
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Piccardo, Maria Teresa [Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, National Cancer Research Institute, Genova. L.go Rosanna Benzi n. 10, 16132 Genova (Italy)]. E-mail: chimamb@istge.it; Pala, Mauro [Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, National Cancer Research Institute, Genova. L.go Rosanna Benzi n. 10, 16132 Genova (Italy); Bonaccurso, Bruna [Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, National Cancer Research Institute, Genova. L.go Rosanna Benzi n. 10, 16132 Genova (Italy); Stella, Anna [Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, National Cancer Research Institute, Genova. L.go Rosanna Benzi n. 10, 16132 Genova (Italy); Redaelli, Anna [Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, National Cancer Research Institute, Genova. L.go Rosanna Benzi n. 10, 16132 Genova (Italy); Paola, Gaudenzio [Botany Department, Genoa University, C.so Dogali 1 canc., 16136 Genova (Italy); Valerio, Federico [Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, National Cancer Research Institute, Genova. L.go Rosanna Benzi n. 10, 16132 Genova (Italy)
2005-01-01
Nine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analysed in pine needles of different ages (from 6 to 30 months) collected from two species, Pinus nigra and Pinus pinaster, in seven sites located along a transect from a suburban to a rural area of Genoa (Italy). In all sites and for both species, concentrations of more volatile PAHs (phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene) were higher than those for other less volatile PAHs, which are preferentially sorbed to airborne particulates (benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzofluoranthenes, benzo[a]pyrene). Concentrations of total PAHs found in P. nigra in the rural sites were, on the average, 2.3 times higher than those in P. pinaster growing nearby. In both pine species, concentrations of volatile PAHs increased according to needle age. Annual trends of other PAHs were more variable, with a general decrease in older needles. P. pinaster needles are shown to be more reliable passive samplers, since they are more resistant to plant diseases, and considerable variation in PAH concentration was observed in P. nigra needles with moulds and fungi. - The suitability of the pine needles as passive air samplers for persistent trace organics is demonstrated.
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Aproximaciones teóricas para repensar el diálogo África, América Latina y el Caribe
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Maguemati Wabgou
2007-07-01
Full Text Available La exploración de las teorías de la autonomía, el realismo periférico, inversión extranjera directa (ied y su aplicación junto con la de triangulación, ofrecen fundamentos para aprehender el diálogo horizontal entre África, América Latina y el Caribe. La pretensión de las dos primeras teorías de índole esencialmente política –conllevando lo económico y lo cultural– es concientizar a los países latinoamericanos, caribeños y africanos acerca de su situación de subordinación y dependencia frente a las potencias mundiales, situación que les impide elaborar y poner en marcha proyectos comunes como bloque. De hecho, para la realización de estos proyectos es posible recurrir a la teoría de ied y el método de la triangulación como herramientas de consolidación de alianzas horizontales.
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Development of site index curves for Pinus kesiya in the Philippines ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Development of site index curves for Pinus kesiya in the Philippines. RIC Lumbres, YJ Lee, YO Seo, FG Calora JR. Abstract. This study was conducted to develop a height–age growth model and site index curves for site quality evaluation of old secondary-growth stands of Pinus kesiya in the northern Philippines.
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Resistance to white pine blister rust in Pinus flexilis and P
Anna W. Schoettle; Richard A. Sniezko; Angelia Kegley; Jerry Hill; Kelly S. Burns
2010-01-01
The non-native fungus Cronartium ribicola, that causes white pine blister rust (WPBR), is impacting or threatening limber pine, Pinus flexilis, and Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine, Pinus aristata. In the Southern Rockies, where the rust invasion is still expanding, we have the opportunity to be proactive and prepare the landscape for invasion. Genetic...
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Diversidad y microestructura de quitones (Mollusca: Polyplacophora del Caribe de Costa Rica
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Cedar I García-Ríos
2011-03-01
Full Text Available Los poliplacóforos asociados a los arrecifes de coral en la costa caribeña de Costa Rica han sido poco estudiados. El examen del cascajo de coral acumulado en el sublitoral somero, en cuatro estaciones de colección, localizadas en la Provincia de Limón reveló una diversidad de quitones mayor a la documentada. Anteriormente se habían registrado ocho especies para el Caribe costaricense: Ischnochiton erythronotus (C.B. Adams, 1845; Ischnoplax pectinata (Sowerby 1840; Stenoplax boogii (Haddon, 1886; S. purpurascens (C.B. Adams, 1845; Acanthopleura granulata (Gmelin, 1791; Chiton marmoratus Gmelin, 1791; C. tuberculatus Linnaeus, 1758; Acanthochitona rhodea (Pilsbry, 1893. Otras cinco se registran aquí por primera vez: Callistochiton portobelensis Ferreira 1976; Ischnochiton kaasi Ferreira 1987; I. pseudovirgatus Kaas 1972; Acanthochitona balesae Abbott 1954; Cryptoconchus floridanus (Dall 1889.Diversity and microstructure of quitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora from the Caribbean of Costa Rica. The polyplacophorans of the coral reef on the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica have been insufficiently studied. The examination of coral rubble accumulated in the shallow sublitoral waters on four collection stations in Provincia Limón revealed a higher diversity of chitons than was documented. From the country eight species were previously known: Ischnochiton erythronotus (C.B. Adams 1845; Ischnoplax pectinata (Sowerby 1840; Stenoplax boogii (Haddon 1886; S. purpurascens (C.B. Adams 1845; Acanthopleura granulate (Gmelin 1791; Chiton marmoratus Gmelin 1791; C. tuberculatus Linnaeus 1758 and Acanthochitona rhodea (Pilsbry 1893. This study added five more species that are reported here for the first time: Callistochiton portobelensis Ferreira 1976; Ischnochiton kaasi Ferreira 1987; I. pseudovirgatus Kaas 1972; Acanthochitona balesae Abbott 1954 and Cryptoconchus floridanus (Dall 1889. Rev. Biol. Trop. 59 (1: 129-136. Epub 2011 March 01.
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Itoo, Zahoor Ahmad; Reshi, Zafar A
2014-01-01
The present study was undertaken to document the ectomycorrhizal diversity associated with the Cedrus deodara and Pinus wallichiana in the Kashmir Himalaya, India. The extensive field surveys carried out in the Kashmir Himalaya at five study sites resulted in the collection and identification of 76 potential ectomycorrhizal fungal species associated with the Cedrus deodara and Pinus wallichiana. Maximum 32 number of species were found associated with Pinus wallichiana, 19 with Cedrus deodara and 25 species were found growing in association with both the conifers. The present study reveals that Cedrus deodara and Pinus wallichiana in the Kashmir Himalaya, India harbour diverse ectomycorrhizal fungal species.
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Ana Isabel Márquez Pérez
2013-01-01
Full Text Available Las migraciones caribeñas han sido ampliamente documentadas, especialmente desde visiones económicas y demográficas que enfatizan los aspectos negativos que estas causan en individuos y sociedades. Sin embargo, desde las ciencias humanas se ha difundido el concepto de culturas migratorias para analizarlas . El eje central es que, más allá de un fenómeno de tipo económico, ligado a superpoblación y desempleo , la movilidad caribeña puede entenderse como una tradición cultural que se ha convertido en un modo de vida legitimado por generaciones de migrantes, permitiendo la viabilidad de estas sociedades. Este concepto supone la movilidad constante a manera de migraciones temporales utilizadas como estrategias económicas básicas, así como mecanismos socioculturales que facilitan y perpetúan esta práctica. Este seria el caso de los habitantes de Providencia y Santa Catalina en el territorio de habla inglesa en el Caribe colombiano, quienes poseen una larga historia de migraciones que continúan hasta hoy y que constituyen una forma de vida. Este documento resulta de investigaciones realizadas tanto en las islas como con migrantes en Bogotá, entre 2004 y 2011, en las cuales se abordaron diversos temas, incluyendo el papel de las migraciones en la vida de estos isleños, las memorias y las percepciones sobre las mismas.
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Setsuo Iwakiri
2002-05-01
Full Text Available Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade de painéis compensados de Pinus taeda e de Pinus oocarpa, com 20 e 24 anos de idade, respectivamente, utilizando três diferentes formulações de adesivo uréia-formaldeído. Foram produzidos 18 painéis, com três repetições por tratamento. As formulações com maior proporção relativa de resina não influenciaram de forma conclusiva as propriedades físico-mecânicas dos painéis.Os painéis de P. oocarpa apresentaram valores médios de resistência da linha de cola, módulos de elasticidade e de ruptura superiores àqueles dos painéis de P. taeda. Os resultados das propriedades físico-mecânicas dos painéis indicaram grande potencial de utilização de lâminas de P. oocarpa para produção de compensados.The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of both Pinus taeda and Pinus oocarpa plywood, 20 and 24-years-old, respectively, using three different formulations of urea formaldheyde resin. A total of 18 boards were produced, using three repetitions per treatment. The formulations containing a high relative proportion of the resin did not show a conclusive influence on the physical and mechanical properties of the boards. The boards made from P. oocarpa showed higher average values of the glue line strength, modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture in comparison to boards of P. taeda. The results showed that the evaluation of the physical and mechanical properties of the board, indicate that the veneers of P. oocarpa have a high potentiality for plywood production.
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Camilo Díaz Pardo
2007-01-01
Full Text Available En la literatura histórica colombiana y caribeña se ha dado un fuerte acento en el papel que jugaron las ciudades y las regiones que emergieron de ellas en ola formación la moderna cultura caribeña. En la arqueología el énfasis se ha limitado a analizar procesos prehispánicos adaptativos a condiciones cambiantes del medio ambiente dejando de manera tacita fuera de foco la discusión de las consecuencias sociales y culturales de la conquista y la colonia y su impacto en el tejido social que surgiría a finales del siglo XVI. Estas delimitaciones disciplinarias se han convertido en un obstáculo para el conocimiento e interpretación de las dinámicas que siguieron al impulso inicial de la colonización del litoral caribeño y la bien conocida fundación de los centros militares y administrativos. Consecuentemente los historiadores han ignorado en gran parte el papel de las poblaciones aborígenes en la formación de los asentamientos al interior de la llanura costera a pesar que es un hecho bien conocido que no desaparecieron completamente después del siglo XVI. A pesar de que han existido intentos de sintetizar y complementar la información histórica con datos arqueológicos especialmente en los últimos diez años no hemos asistido a un evaluación del campo que consideramos de la mayor importancia para entender la estrategias a traves de las cuales las comunidades aborígenes y algo mas tarde las comunidades de composición mixta africano-indígena y mestizas establecieron exitosamente una serie de asentamientos fuera del sistema colonial reinante. El análisis de los patrones de asentamiento se ha restringido a estudios arqueológicos pero su potencial se extiende mucho mas alla de esta disciplina. La colonia en el siglo XVIII registra un gran número de asentamientos en las planicies caribeñas para los cuales tenemos muy poca información precedente, se hace necesario entonces entender el sistema de asentamientos que exitosamente
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SINOPSIS DE LOS ESCARABAJOS COPRÓFAGOS (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEINAE DEL CARIBE COLOMBIANO
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JORGE ARI NORIEGA
2013-12-01
Full Text Available La subfamilia Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae es un grupo de gran importancia en los ecosistemas por su significativa participación en el proceso de reciclaje de nutrientes. Para Colombia existen algunos acercamientos al análisis de su diversidad en ciertas regiones biogeográficas. Sin embargo, existen zonas que necesitan un mayor estudio, como es el caso de la región Caribe. Con el fin de llenar el vacío de información se realizó una revisión de la información depositada en 16 colecciones a nivel nacional y de la literatura en esta zona. Se registran 90 especies pertenecientes a 24 géneros, agrupadas en seis tribus. Se reportan 20 nuevas especies para el departamento de La Guajira, 18 para Sucre, once para Magdalena, nueve para Bolívar, nueve para Córdoba, tres para Atlántico y dos para Cesar. El departamento con la mayor riqueza es Magdalena ya que es el mejor muestreado incluyendo su rango altitudinal. Al analizar la composición de especies, la región Caribe presenta pocos endemismos, exceptuando las zonas altas del Macizo de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. El género Onthophagus es el más diverso en la región y la especie que presenta el mayor rango altitudinal es Ontherus sanctaemartae (700 hasta 2500 m . La región es homogénea en las zonas bajas, presentándose una mayor afinidad con el Chocó biogeográfico. Se establecen en la región cuatro grandes franjas altitudinales: planicies (0- 500 m , colinas altas (>500- 900 m , zona subandina-andina (> 900 a 2500 m y alta montaña (> 2500 m . Es posible que con el incremento de muestreos en zonas poco estudiadas la homogeneidad específica aumente. Finalmente, es necesario ampliar e intensificar los estudios en esta región, especialmente en los sistemas montañosos aislados.
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LA REGIÓN HISTÓRICA MARGARITEÑA Y SU INFLUENCIA EN LA CONFORMACIÓN DE REDES COMERCIALES EN EL CARIBE
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Yonezka Rondón
2009-01-01
Full Text Available El propósito de este ensayo es analizar la influencia de la Región Histórica margariteña en la conformación de redes comerciales en el Caribe a partir del eje político y económico: La Asunción- Pampatar como resultado de la actividad agropecuaria y del intercambio comercial que mantuvo tanto con Tierra Firme como con las Antillas y Europa. Asimismo, se analiza y el crecimiento de un comercio ilícito que se tejió alrededor de la actividad perlera y el tráfico negrero desde el siglo XVI hasta el XVIII. Se desarrolla con esta investigación el estudio de las interrelaciones de la Isla de Margarita con los espacios vecinos y sus ciudades tal como es el caso del eje La Guaira-Caracas, Guayana, Barcelona, Cumaná, Trinidad-Puerto España, Puerto Rico y Santo Domingo lo cual produjo redes comerciales caribeñas de gran importancia y significación.
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Schneider, Paulo Renato; Elesbão, Luiz Ernesto Grilo; Schneider, Paulo Sérgio Pigato; Longhi, Régis Villanova
2013-01-01
A introdução de espécies florestais de rápido crescimento em áreas com solos arenizados e degradados pode ser uma alternativa tanto para a prevenção como para a minimização desse problema. O trabalho objetivou avaliar o crescimento em altura dominante do Pinus elliottii Engelm. e Pinus taeda L. em relação aos solos arenizados e degradados por ação antrópica, no oeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Para isso, foram selecionadas árvores dominantes em povoamentos com 29 anos de idade, em á...
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Cedar I. García-Ríos
2011-09-01
Full Text Available El género Lepidochitona (Gray 1821 se encuentra representado en el Caribe por tres especies: L. liozonis (Dall & Simpson 1901, L. rosea (Kaas 1972 y L. rufoi. Veinte ejemplares de L. bullocki sp. nov. Fueron recolectados en un recorrido a lo largo del litoral rocoso, entre el norte de la playa del Rodadero y Puerto Luz, en Santa Marta, Colombia. Los ejemplares son pequeños, hasta 7.3mm, fueron recolectados a mano, entre 0.25 y 1.5m de profundidad, a distancias entre 1 y 5m de la orilla. Esta es la cuarta especie del género que se describe para el Caribe. Las tres especies previamente descritas son L. liozonis (Dall & Simpson, 1901, L. rosea Kaas, 1972 y L. rufoi García-Ríos, 2010. L. bullocki se diferencia de L. liozonis y L. rosea por tener la superficie del tegumento irregular y de otros colores. La misma se distingue de L. rufoi por tener muchas espículas hialinas largas, mayor tamaño, dientes centrales de la rádula anchos. Es la única especie del género en el Caribe que se localiza con mayor frecuencia en la superficie iluminada de las rocas, en el sublitoral somero.Lepidochitona bullocki, a new species of chiton (Polyplacophora: Ischnochitonidae from the Colombian Caribbean. The genus Lepidochitona is one of the most diverse in the Southern Caribbean. In order to describe this new species, twenty specimens of L. bullocki sp. nov. were collected by hand on the rocky coast, from 0.25 to 1.5m depth, and a shore distance of 1 to 5m, between the Northern section of Rodadero beach and Puerto Luz, in Santa Marta, Colombia. The specimens were small, with maximum observed size of 7.3mm. This is the fourth species of the genus Lepidochitona described for the Caribbean. The previously known species were L. liozonis (Dall & Simpson 1901, L. rosea (Kaas 1972 and L. rufoi (García-Ríos 2010. L. bullocki differs from L. liozonis and L. rosea in having a rough tegmentum and color. It differs from L. rufoi in having longer and numerous hyaline
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R. A. Sniezko; A. Kegley; R. Danchok; J. Hamlin; J. Hill; D. Conklin
2011-01-01
Infection and mortality levels from Cronartium ribicola, the fungus causing white pine blister rust, are very high in parts of the geographic range of Pinus albicaulis (whitebark pine) and P. strobiformis (Southwestern white pine). Genetic resistance to this non-native fungus will be one of the key factors in maintaining or restoring populations of these species in...
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Sexual stability in the nearly dioecious Pinus johannis (Pinaceae).
Flores-Rentería, Lluvia; Molina-Freaner, Francisco; Whipple, Amy V; Gehring, Catherine A; Domínguez, C A
2013-03-01
Even though dioecy is a dominant sexual system among gymnosperms, little is known about its evolutionary history. Pinus johannis may represent a model system because unisexual and monoecious individuals compose its populations. The presence of unisexual individuals in other Pinus species is a consequence of sexual lability. Here we determined whether P. johannis represents the first example of a dioecious or nearly dioecious reproductive system in conifers by evaluating its sexual stability. • To assess the stability of sexual expression, we quantified the proportion of male vs. female reproductive structures produced by trees over multiple years and tested for the presence of sexual dimorphism. Sexual lability hypotheses were also examined by looking at the relationship between environmental factors and sexual expression and by comparing the reproductive behavior of P. johannis with its closest labile relative, P. edulis. • Pinus johannis is nearly dioecious: ~99% of individuals are unisexual or express a low proportion of the opposite gender with few changes in sexual expression through time. We found sexual dimorphism consistent with sexual stability. Sexual expression did not vary with tree size/age, abiotic environment, or herbivore removal, providing evidence against sexual lability. Individuals of P. johannis tended to produce only male or female strobili, whereas those of P. edulis were mainly monoecious with a gradient in the female to male strobili ratio. • This study represents the first report of a nearly stable dioecious Pinus species. The variety of sexual morphs coexisting in the same population makes P. johannis a model for studying the evolution of dioecy in gymnosperms.
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Paleoclimatic implications of glacial and postglacial refugia for Pinus pumila in western Beringia
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Anderson, P M; Lozhkin, A V; Solomatkina, T B; Brown, T A
2010-02-05
Palynological results from Julietta Lake currently provide the most direct evidence to support the existence of a glacial refugium for Pinus pumila in mountains of southwestern Beringia. Both percentages and accumulation rates indicate the evergreen shrub survived until at least {approx}19,000 14C yr B.P. in the Upper Kolyma region. Percentage data suggest numbers dwindled into the late glaciation, whereas pollen accumulation rates point towards a more rapid demise shortly after {approx}19,000 14C yr B.P. Pinus pumila did not re-establish in any great numbers until {approx}8100 14C yr B.P., despite the local presence {approx}9800 14C yr B.P. of Larix dahurica, which shares similar summer temperature requirements. The postglacial thermal maximum (in Beringia {approx}11,000-9000 14C yr B.P.) provided Pinus pumila shrubs with equally harsh albeit different conditions for survival than those present during the LGM. Regional records indicate that in this time of maximum warmth Pinus pumila likely sheltered in a second, lower-elevation refugium. Paleoclimatic models and modern ecology suggest that shifts in the nature of seasonal transitions and not only seasonal extremes have played important roles in the history of Pinus pumila over the last {approx}21,000 14C yr B.P.
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Lefrançois, T; Hendrikx, P; Vachiéry, N; Ehrhardt, N; Millien, M; Gomez, L; Gouyet, L; Gerbier, G; Gongora, V; Shaw, J; Trotman, M
2010-04-01
The Caribbean region is considered to be at risk for avian influenza (AI) because of predominance of the backyard poultry system, important commercial poultry production, migratory birds and disparities in the surveillance systems. The Caribbean animal health network (CaribVET) has developed tools to implement AI surveillance in the region: (i) a regionally harmonized surveillance protocol, (ii) specific web pages for AI surveillance on http://www.caribvet.net, and (iii) a diagnostic network for the Caribbean including AI virus molecular diagnostic capability in Guadeloupe and technology transfer. Altogether 303 samples from four Caribbean countries were tested between June 2006 and March 2009 by real time PCR either for importation purposes or following clinical suspicion. Following AI H5N2 outbreaks in the Dominican Republic in 2007, a questionnaire was developed to collect data for risk analysis of AI spread in the region through fighting cocks. The infection pathway of Martinique commercial poultry sector by AI through introduction of infected cocks was designed and recommendations were provided to the Caribbean veterinary services to improve fighting cock movement controls and biosecurity measures. Altogether, these CaribVET activities contribute to strengthen surveillance of AI in the Caribbean region and may allow the development of research studies on AI risk analysis.
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Jorge Paramo
2010-01-01
Full Text Available Esta investigación se llevó a cabo para determinar la distribución espacial de la densidad (captura por unidad de área – CPUA y de la estructura de tallas de Eucinostomus argenteus y su relación con las variables ambientales en la zona norte del Caribe colombiano. Los datos fueron se tomaron durante un crucero de investigación realizado en la época seca (febrero de 2006 entre Puerto Estrella (La Guajira y Santa Marta (Magdalena. Las muestras biológicas se colectaron con una red de arrastre (en estratos de profundidad < 50 m y 50-100 m siguiendo un diseño de muestreo sistemático. Los individuos maduros y de tallas mayores se encontraron distribuidos principalmente entre Manaure y Punta Gallinas, donde la plataforma continental es muy ancha y la oceanografía local esta modulada por la surgencia estacional. Los peces juveniles, se distribuyeron al sur del área de estudio, entre Boca Camarones y el Río Buritaca, cerca de la costa. En este sector la plataforma es muy estrecha y con alta productividad biológica por la presencia de ríos, manglares y pastos marinos, sirviendo como zona de alimentación y refugio para E. argenteus. En general los resultados sugieren que las variables ambientales son importantes para la distribución espacial de la abundancia y las tallas de E. argenteus en la zona norte del Caribe colombiano, siendo la temperatura y la profundidad las variables que predijeron mejor la distribución espacial de la especie.
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ADOPCIÓN Y USO DE MEDIOS SOCIALES POR JÓVENES DE LA COSTA CARIBE DE COLOMBIA
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Marcela López Ponce
2016-11-01
Full Text Available El estudio identifica el grado de adopción de los medios sociales por parte de los jóvenes de la Costa Caribe de Colombia, los medios a los que acceden con mayor frecuencia, así como los usos principales que hacen de ellos. Mediante un análisis cuantitativo de tipo correlacional, se analizaron las respuestas de 502 jóvenes entre los 16 a 28 años pertenecientes al Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje en la Costa Caribe. Los resultados mostraron que el grado de adopción de los principales medios sociales es de 68 %, donde los usados con mayor frecuencia son Facebook (69.4 %, Google+ (57.6 %, Instagram (45.6 % y Twitter (42.6 %. Los datos también revelan que el uso principal que los usuarios hacen de los medios sociales es obtener información de noticias, seguido de conectarse con amigos, conectarse con familiares y encontrar música y videos. De acuerdo con la revisión de literatura, el estudio es el primero realizado en Colombia con una data obtenida de jóvenes de estratos 1 y 2 que tienen acceso frecuente a internet, lo cual contribuye a conocer la importancia que tienen los medios sociales para este grupo y a identificar las utilidades comunicacionales e informativas que brinda cada medio. Asimismo, se discuten las implicaciones prácticas del estudio.
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André Luis Christoforo
2012-05-01
Full Text Available The current standard NBR 7190/1997 (Project of Timber Structures makes no reference to tests for determining the stiffness and strength in parts of structural lumber; restricting the analysis to bodies-of-tests with small dimensions and without defects. This paper presents an alternative method to determine the longitudinal modulus of elasticity in timber beams, based on the Finite Element Method, as well as the Inverse Analysis Method with an optimization technique. Results show that the methodology proposed by the Brazilian standard can also be applied to pieces of structural dimensions.
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S.M. Borras jr. (Saturnino); J.C. Franco (Jennifer); C. Kay (Cristóbal); M. Spoor (Monique)
2012-01-01
markdownabstractEste volumen continúa la discusión surgida de los antecedentes recogidos en la investigación presentada en el libro “Dinámicas del mercado de la tierra en América Latina y el Caribe: concentración y extranjerización”, publicado por la Oficina Regional de la FAO en junio de
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Macroalgas marinas afectadas por flotas de arrastre de camarón en el Mar Caribe de Colombia
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Lennin Flórez-Leiva
2005-07-01
en ambas sitios de estudio. La biomasa de macroalgas registradas en cada lance fue mucho menor que la registrada de camarones y descartes. La evidencia que presenta este estudio sobre la existencia de macroalgas en la captura acompañante de la flota de arrastre de camarón y la acción prolongada de esta pesquería en el mar Caribe de Colombia, indican que es urgente implementar modificaciones en las redes para disminuir su efecto abrasivo sobre los fondos.
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Dickie, Ian A; St John, Mark G; Yeates, Gregor W; Morse, Chris W; Bonner, Karen I; Orwin, Kate; Peltzer, Duane A
2014-01-01
Plant invasions can change soil biota and nutrients in ways that drive subsequent plant communities, particularly when co-invading with belowground mutualists such as ectomycorrhizal fungi. These effects can persist following removal of the invasive plant and, combined with effects of removal per se, influence subsequent plant communities and ecosystem functioning. We used field observations and a soil bioassay with multiple plant species to determine the belowground effects and post-removal legacy caused by invasion of the non-native tree Pinus contorta into a native plant community. Pinus facilitated ectomycorrhizal infection of the co-occurring invasive tree, Pseudotsuga menziesii, but not conspecific Pinus (which always had ectomycorrhizas) nor the native pioneer Kunzea ericoides (which never had ectomycorrhizas). Pinus also caused a major shift in soil nutrient cycling as indicated by increased bacterial dominance, NO3-N (17-fold increase) and available phosphorus (3.2-fold increase) in soils, which in turn promoted increased growth of graminoids. These results parallel field observations, where Pinus removal is associated with invasion by non-native grasses and herbs, and suggest that legacies of Pinus on soil nutrient cycling thus indirectly promote invasion of other non-native plant species. Our findings demonstrate that multi-trophic belowground legacies are an important but hitherto largely unconsidered factor in plant community reassembly following invasive plant removal. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company.
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Ulukanli, Zeynep; Karabörklü, Salih; Bozok, Fuat; Ates, Burhan; Erdogan, Selim; Cenet, Menderes; Karaaslan, Merve Göksin
2014-12-01
Essential oils of the resins of Pinus brutia and Pinus pinea were evaluated for their biological potential. Essential oils were characterized using GC-MS and GC/FID. in vitro antimicrobial, phytotoxic, antioxidant, and insecticidal activities were carried out using the direct contact and the fumigant assays, respectively. The chemical profile of the essential oils of the resins of P. pinea and P. brutia included mainly α-pinene (21.39% and 25.40%), β-pinene (9.68% and 9.69%), and caryophyllene (9.12% and 4.81%). The essential oils of P. pinea and P. brutia exerted notable antimicrobial activities on Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus subtilis, insecticidal activities on Ephestia kuehniella eggs, phytotoxic activities on Lactuca sativa, Lepidium sativum, and Portulaca oleracea, as well as antioxidant potential. Indications of the biological activities of the essential oils suggest their use in the formulation of ecofriendly and biocompatible pharmaceuticals. Copyright © 2014 China Pharmaceutical University. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Helio Tonini; César Augusto Guimarães Finger; Paulo Renato Schneider; Peter Spathelf
2002-01-01
Este trabalho teve como objetivos estudar o crescimento em altura dominante para Pinus elliottii e Pinus taeda, mediante comparações entre as curvas de índice de sítio construídas para algumas regiões do estado do Rio Grande do Sul e outros Estados da Federação. Essas comparações indicaram que as curvas feitas por Tonini (2000) para as regiões da Serra do Sudeste e Litoral no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, não apresentaram o mesmo desenvolvimento em relação às curvas feitas por Scolforo e Macha...
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The extractives of Pinus pinaster wood
Richard W. Hemingway; W. E. Hillis; L. S. Lau
1973-01-01
The extractives in Pinus pinaster wood grown in South Australia were examined as part of an assessment of the suitability of this wood for manufacture of absorbent tissues from bisulphite pulps. The average petroleum solubility of the wood was 2.0% but the amount and composition of the petroleum extract varied widely depending upon the age of the...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Edgar Eduardo Blanco Obando
2015-11-01
Full Text Available Durante el período de estudio se evidencia que la actividad turística en la región Atlántico/Caribe mantuvo un metabolismo sustentable, debido a condiciones específicas que presentó la expansión del turismo en dicha región.
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Modeling natural regeneration biomass of Pinus stand
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Rafael Cubas
2016-09-01
Full Text Available Reliable biomass data are very important in the evaluation of ecosystems, and help in understanding the contribution of forests in climate change. Variables that describe the size of the tree, like diameter and height are directly associated with biomass, which allows the use of regression models to estimate this element. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate by regression models, the biomass of different compartments of natural regeneration of trees of a Pinus taeda L. stand. The data were obtained through direct destructive method, using 100 randomly selected trees in the understory of a stand of Pinus taeda. We analyzed three arithmetical models, three logarithmic and two models developed by Stepwise process. Logarithmic equations developed by Stepwise procedure showed the best estimates of total and stems biomass. However, for needles and twigs compartments the best adjust was observed with Husch model and for root biomass Berkhout model proved to be the most suitable.
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Distribución de cangrejos ermitaños (Anomura: Paguroidea en el mar Caribe colombiano
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Bibian Martínez Campos
2012-03-01
Full Text Available Los cangrejos ermitaños son un grupo representativo de la fauna marina del Caribe colombiano, además, son importantes en el mantenimiento del equilibrio dinámico, en los ecosistemas por sus interacciones ecológicas y también por el impacto en la estabilidad de las redes tróficas. Sus patrones de distribución se identificaron mediante análisis multivariados de clasificación y ordenación espacial, se usaron registros históricos desde 1916 hasta el 2006. Los resultados indican diferencias por profundidad entre la fauna costera y la del talud continental y diferencias en la distribución latitudinal, en donde se encontraron tres grupos: Noreste, Centro y Suroeste, sustentados por diferencias en la composición faunística. Con base en los mapas de ecosistemas marinos de Colombia, se determinó que los principales factores que afectan su distribución son la influencia del talud Caribaná (profundidad, la temperatura de las masas de agua, las praderas de pastos marinos de la Guajira y las condiciones particulares de las ecorregiones Archipiélagos coralinos y Darién. Se identificó la distribución mundial de las especies colombianas y su afinidad geográfica, y se encontró mayor afinidad con el Atlántico norte y las Antillas que con el Atlántico sur y el Golfo de México, asimismo, las subprovincias geográficas que incluyen a Colombia son zonas de transición dentro de la subprovincias septentrionales y australes del Gran Caribe
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T.A. Weber; J.L. Hart; C. Schweitzer; D.C. Dey
2014-01-01
Quercus-Pinus forests of the eastern USA cover millions of hectares and span a variety of ecoregions. Understanding the influence of natural disturbance on developmental and successional pathways is important for managers that wish to sustain Pinus spp. in these mixtures. Quantifying developmental and successional patterns in this...
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Schneider, Paulo Renato; Elesbão, Luiz Ernesto Grilo; Schneider, Paulo Sérgio Pigato; Longhi, Régis Villanova
2014-01-01
Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de estudar o desempenho do Pinus elliottii Engelm. e Pinus taeda L. em áreas arenizadas e degradadas por ação antrópica, na região da fronteira oeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Em povoamentos, foram selecionadas árvores médias, que foram abatidas e seccionadas pelo método de Smalian, a fim de obter discos de madeira para a análise dendrocronológica, para a obtenção do diâmetro por idade. O crescimento em diâmetro, quando comparado entre espécies...
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Translocalidades menonitas na América Latina e Caribe
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Cicilian Luiza Löwen Sahr
2016-12-01
Full Text Available Desde o início da globalização na modernidade, na virada entre o século XV e XVI, os menonitas participam na produção de espaços translocais e globais. Surgidos nas controvérsias teológicas da Grande Reforma religiosa, eles defendiam o batizado adulto e um pacifismo extremo, que os submetiam a fortes rejeições e perseguições. Consequentemente, sua formação social tem por base uma intensa coerência interna que os leva, muitas vezes, a constituição de comunidades conservadoras. Assim, os menonitas desenvolveram ao longo de sua história uma dispersão mundial que se estende até hoje, funcionando através de um sistema de “translocalidade”. A análise dessas redes complexas de translocalidade se estabelece a partir da observação dos fluxos migratório, sobretudo aqueles que convergem para a América Latina e Caribe. Um foco específico é dado à organização interna dessa pluralidade a partir de exemplos do Paraguai.
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Narváez-Flórez, Silvia; L. Gómez, Martha; Martínez, María M.
2008-01-01
A partir de sedimentos del Caribe colombiano se realizaron 31 aislamientos bacterianos en medio mínimo de sales suplementado con hidrocarburos (ACPM o petróleo crudo) como única fuente de carbono. Las cepas aisladas se sometieron a pruebas de selección en diferentes concentraciones de hidrocarburos y se escogieron once de ellas tolerantes al crudo y ACPM en un ámbito del 1-8% v/v. Posteriormente, con las cepas seleccionadas, se conformó un cultivo bacteriano mixto y se evaluó su capacidad de ...
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Legislación y control de riesgos de salud en América Latina y el Caribe
Mónica Bolis
2002-01-01
Este estudio analiza la legislación en Latín América y el Caribe con el propósito de determinar en qué medida contribuyen, o no, a la eliminación de riesgos para la salud. Los países incluidos son: Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Belice, Bolivia, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, México, Nicaragua, Panamá, Paraguay, Perú, República Dominicana, Trinidad y Tobago, Uruguay y Venezuela. La investigación se centró en las áreas de medicam...
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Granados, Ángel
2006-12-01
Full Text Available Caribe (Serrasalmus rhoembeus is a Characidae fish that lives in the basins of the Orinoco and Amazon rivers. It is an underutilized specie although in the last years has been marketed in the form of of a meal which is obtained through a handmade process but without information about its chemical composition. This research was conducted to evaluate the proximate composition of commercial caribe meal, the fatty acids profile and some physicochemical properties of its lipidic extract. Three aleatory samples of meal were selected in Caicara del Orinoco shops, Bolívar state –Venezuela. Moisture (6.00 ± 0.45 %, crude protein (N x 6.25: 52.78 ± 2.36 %, crude fat (22.47 ± 1.08 % and total ash (24.58 ± 3.12 % were determined in each sample. The fat was extracted with nhexane and it was analyzed for free fatty acids (5.66 ± 0.15 % as oleic acid, peroxide value (23.50 ± 1.02 meq O2/kg, iodine value (152.2 ± 0.5, saponification value (186.5 ± 0.3 mg KOH/g and unsaponifiable matter (2.3 ± 0.4 g/kg. The fatty acids profile showed an unsaturated acids/ saturated acids ratio of 5.62 with 59.9 % of monounsaturated fatty acids and 25.0 % of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Caribe meal is an important source of nutrients and a potential raw material for human food.El caribe (Serrasalmus rhombeus es un pez de la familia Characidae de la cuenca de los ríos Orinoco y Amazonas, de poco valor comercial debido a su estructura espinosa y a creencias relacionadas con su hábito alimentario, pero que en años recientes los pobladores de las zonas donde existe naturalmente le han dado utilidad mediante la obtención artesanal de una harina que es expendida para consumo humano; sin embargo, no se dispone de información referente a su composición química. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la composición química proximal del producto comercializado como harina de caribe y algunas características fisicoquímicas del extracto lipídico de la misma
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Riesgos laborales en Medicina Veterinaria en América Latina y el Caribe. Revisión
Tarabla, Héctor D.
2017-01-01
Los Médicos Veterinarios están expuestos a peligros físicos, biológicos, químicos y radiaciones. Los objetivos de este trabajo consisten en revisar sus accidentes laborales (AL) y enfermedades profesionales (EP), factores y percepciones de riesgo, uso y disposición de elementos de protección personal (EPP) en América Latina y el Caribe. La frecuencia de profesionales que sufren accidentes, in labore, es muy alta; con la consecuente pérdida de días laborales. Los AL varían según la especie ani...
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Helio Tonini; César Augusto Finger Guimarães; Paulo Renato Schneider; Peter Spathelf
2002-01-01
This research had as main objective to study the dominant height growth of Pinus elliottii and Pinus taeda through site index curves comparisons in some regions of Rio Grande do Sul State and other states of the country. These comparisons showed that the site index curves made by Tonini (2000), for the southeastern mountain and coast land in Rio Grande do Sul State did not show the same pattern of those by Scolforo e Machado (1988), for Paraná and Santa Catarina, Brazil (1989a) fo...
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Ecosystem carbon stocks in Pinus palustris forests
Lisa Samuelson; Tom Stokes; John R. Butnor; Kurt H. Johnsen; Carlos A. Gonzalez-Benecke; Pete Anderson; Jason Jackson; Lorenzo Ferrari; Tim A. Martin; Wendell P. Cropper
2014-01-01
Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) restoration in the southeastern United States offers opportunities for carbon (C) sequestration. Ecosystem C stocks are not well understood in longleaf pine forests, which are typically of low density and maintained by prescribed fire. The objectives of this research were to develop allometric equations for...
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Pinus ponderosa : A checkered past obscured four species
Ann Willyard; David S. Gernandt; Kevin Potter; Valerie Hipkins; Paula E. Marquardt; Mary Frances Mahalovich; Stephen K. Langer; Frank W. Telewski; Blake Cooper; Connor Douglas; Kristen Finch; Hassani H. Karemera; Julia Lefler; Payton Lea; Austin Wofford
2016-01-01
PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Molecular genetic evidence can help delineate taxa in species complexes that lack diagnostic morphological characters. Pinus ponderosa (Pinaceae; subsection Ponderosae ) is recognized as a problematic taxon: plastid phylogenies of exemplars were paraphyletic, and mitochondrial phylogeography suggested at...
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Tendencias e Instrumentos de Integración Regional en Latinoamericana y el Caribe
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Maria Carolina Moreno
2017-02-01
Full Text Available El presente artículo es una revisión del tema de integración Latinoamericana y el Caribe desde una perspectiva inter y multidisciplinar que comprenden los procesos históricos de los países miembros, los análisis de la CEPAL tales como la teoría de la dependencia, el Sistema de Sustitución de Importaciones ISI, la heterogeneidad estructural de la región, el regionalismo abierto como resultado de las reformas económicas estructurales de finales de los años 80 y principios de los 90, y las nuevas tendencias o transformaciones de la integración en el marco de las teorías de las relaciones internacionales RI
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Silvical characteristics of pitch pine (Pinus rigida)
S. Little
1959-01-01
Pitch pine (Pinus rigida Mill.) grows over a wide geographical range - from central Maine to New York and extreme southeastern Ontario, south to Virginia and southern Ohio, and in the mountains to eastern Tennessee, northern Georgia, and western South Carolina. Because it grows mostly on the poorer soils, its distribution is spotty.
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Solano, Jaime; Anabalón, Leonardo; Encina, Francisco
2016-03-01
Fast, accurate detection of plant species and their hybrids using molecular tools will facilitate assessment and monitoring of timber tracing evidence. In this study the origin of unknown pine samples is determined for a case of timber theft in the region of Araucania southern Chile. We evaluate the utility of the trnL marker region for species identification applied to pine wood based on High Resolution Melting. This efficient tracing methods can be incorporated into forestry applications such as certification of origin. The object of this work was genotype identification using high-resolution melting (HRM) and trnL approaches for Pinus radiata (Don) in timber tracing evidence. Our results indicate that trnL is a very sensitive marker for delimiting species and HRM analysis was used successfully for genotyping Pinus samples for timber tracing purposes. Genotyping samples by HRM analysis with the trnL1 approach allowed us to differentiate two wood samples from the Pinaceae family: Pinus radiata (Don) and Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco. The same approach with Pinus trnL wood was not able to discriminate between samples of Pinus radiata, indicating that the samples were genetically indistinguishable, possibly because they have the same genotype at this locus. Timber tracing with HRM analysis is expected to contribute to future forest certification schemes, control of illegal trading, and molecular traceability of Pinus spp. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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MÉTODOS DE DETECÇÃO, TRANSMISSÃO E PATOGENICIDADE DE Fusarium spp. EM SEMENTES DE Pinus taeda
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Thaisa Wendhausen Ramos da Silva
2017-01-01
Full Text Available The root rots (RR, caused by the Fusarium spp., causes loss of seedling in the nursery that show, initially, discoloration of the needles to a yellowish-green tone followed by apical curvature, wilt and the consequent death of the seedling. The objectives of this work were to: a define the most appropriate and efficient method to detect Fusarium spp. in Pinus taeda seeds; b verify if there is transmission of Fusarium spp. from seeds to Pinus taeda seedlings; c develop a descriptive scale to evaluate the severity of the RR in Pinus taeda seedlings; d evaluate the pathogenicity, aggressiveness and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC of isolated Fusarium subglutinans . For detection three treatments were applied to six lots of Pinus taeda seeds, bein four repetitions of 25 seeds: blotter test, paper card and selective medium. The transmission was evaluated in seeds from six lots of Pinus taeda during 60 days counting the percentage of emerged plantlet (EP, non-germinated seeds (NGS and from NGS seeds with Fusarium spp. A descriptive scale of grades was developed to evaluate the severity of RR in Pinus taeda seedlings. The severity and the incidence of the illness were evaluated at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after the inoculation from Pinus taeda seedlings of six months of age. The pathogenicity, severity and incidence of twelve isolated Fusarium subglutinans obtained in the detection test. To test for pathogenicity and aggressiveness 13 treatments with 15 replications were applied. The most sensitive detection method to detect Fusarium spp. on Pinus taeda seeds was the selective medium; transmission was not observed of Fusarium spp. from seeds to the seedlings; the descriptive scale allowed evaluating the progression of RR symptoms; nine isolated of Fusarium spp. were found to be pathogenic to Pinus taeda seedlings, reproducing typical symptoms of RR, being isolated L3R2, the most aggressive and that exhibited higher AUDPC.
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Blanco, E.; Bonet, J. A.; Eizaguirre, M.
2009-07-01
Medium resolution images from multispectral sensors like Landsat TM have been extensively used for decades in order to identify decline and defoliation generated by insects and other forest pests. The present work analyses the usefulness of these kinds of images to detect small-size stands of Pinus nigra Arn. and Pinus sylvestris L. affected by Scolytidae attacks. The study area was located in the Solsones region (Eastern Pyrenees), selecting 34 training zones (17 damaged small-size stands and 17 healthy small-size stands). The exploratory analysis of the images was conducted with the ERDAS IMAGINE 8.x. program.The results of the study showed significant differences between the affected and non-affected stands in 5 of the 7 spectral bands analysed. TM5 and TM7 bands were identified as those having the highest power to detect damaged stands. The digital levels obtained and the spaces of characteristics created, both showed trends to group small-size affected stands versus healthy, achieving improvements in the methodological procedure employed. (Author) 31 refs.
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Narváez-Florez, S.; Gómez, M.L.; Martínez, M.M.
2008-01-01
A partir de sedimentos del Caribe colombiano se realizaron 31 aislamientos bacterianos en medio mínimo de sales suplementado con hidrocarburos (ACPM o petróleo crudo) como única fuente de carbono. Las cepas aisladas se sometieron a pruebas de selección en diferentes concentraciones de hidrocarburos y se escogieron once de ellas tolerantes al crudo y ACPM en un ámbito del 1-8% v/v. Posteriormente, con las cepas seleccionadas, se conformó un cultivo bacteriano mixto y se evaluó su capacidad de ...
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Migración femenina desde el caribe colombiano. Una mirada a sus espacios laborales en destino
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Gloria Bonilla Vélez
2013-01-01
Full Text Available Con el presente artículo se intenta reflexionar sobre la migración femenina desde Cartagena y Barranquilla -ciudades del Caribe colombiano- a diversos destinos internacionales, partiendo de los hallazgos de investigaciones desarrolladas por las autoras sobre el tema3. Desde una perspectiva de género, se visibilizan aquí, experiencias narradas por migrantes y familiares sobre los procesos de vinculación al trabajo doméstico, actividades de cuidado y la prostitución como espacios laborales donde ocurren diversas formas de explotación y discriminación hacia las mujeres en los países de destino.
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Caracterización del Ñeque, Bebida Alcohólica elaborada Artesanalmente en la Costa Caribe Colombiana
Tirado, Diego F; Acevedo, Diofanor; Montero, Piedad M
2015-01-01
El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar el contenido de etanol, metanol y metales pesados en el ñeque, una bebida alcohólica a base de caña de azúcar producida artesanalmente en la Costa Caribe colombiana. Para la elaboración de ñeque se disuelve panela (zumo de caña de azúcar) en agua hasta llegar a una densidad de un grado Baumé. Esta solución se fermenta aproximadamente siete días, obteniendo un mosto. Luego se destila obteniéndose como destilado la bebida alcohólica. El co...
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KAJIAN KONSERVASI Pinus merkusii strain Tapanuli DI SUMATERA
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Hendi Suhendi
2017-01-01
Full Text Available Di Indonesia, Pinus yang tumbuh secara alami hanyalah Pinus merkusii di Sumatera yang terdiri dari strain Tapanuli, strain Kerinci dan strain Aceh. Berdasarkan persebarannya, strain Tapanuli tidak banyak dijumpai karena tercampur dengan jenis-jenis kayu daun lebar. Secara alami, strain Tapanuli ditemukan di Cagar Alam Dolok Sipirok dan Cagar Alam Dolok Saut. Dalam bentuk hutan tanaman, strain Tapanuli dibuat oleh masyarakat atau rakyat dengan anakan alam dan diambil secara cabutan di Tegakan Benih Dolok Tusam, dan sekarang sudah habis ditebang karena digantikan oleh tanaman kopi. Di wilayah kerja Dinas Kehutanan Propinsi Sumatera Utara hampir tidak pernah didapatkan informasi tentang keberadaan strain Tapanuli. Konservasi in situ dalam bentuk Cagar Alam perlu dilengkapi dengan konservasi ex situ. Sebagai langkah awal konservasi, terlebih dahulu perlu dikaji permudaan alamnya. Di samping itu, analisis kebijakan berkaitan dengan pentingnya eksplorasi dengan metode sensus pada semua kawasan konservasi di Sumatera perlu dipertimbangkan, dan pertemuan formal antar pengambil kebijakan di Departemen Kehutanan perlu direkomendasikan
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Perdiguero, Pedro; Barbero, María Del Carmen; Cervera, María Teresa; Collada, Carmen; Soto, Alvaro
2013-06-01
Adaptation to water stress has determined the evolution and diversification of vascular plants. Water stress is forecasted to increase drastically in the next decades in certain regions, such as in the Mediterranean basin. Consequently, a proper knowledge of the response and adaptations to drought stress is essential for the correct management of plant genetic resources. However, most of the advances in the understanding of the molecular response to water stress have been attained in angiosperms, and are not always applicable to gymnosperms. In this work we analyse the transcriptional response of two emblematic Mediterranean pines, Pinus pinaster and Pinus pinea, which show noticeable differences in their performance under water stress. Using microarray analysis, up to 113 genes have been detected as significantly induced by drought in both species. Reliability of expression patterns has been confirmed by RT-PCR. While induced genes with similar profiles in both species can be considered as general candidate genes for the study of drought response in conifers, genes with diverging expression patterns can underpin the differences displayed by these species under water stress. Most promising candidate genes for drought stress response include genes related to carbohydrate metabolism, such as glycosyltransferases or galactosidases, sugar transporters, dehydrins and transcription factors. Additionally, differences in the molecular response to drought and polyethylene-glycol-induced water stress are also discussed. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
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W.S. Dvorak; K.M. Potter
2009-01-01
Eleven highly polymorphic microsatellite markers were used to determine the genetic structure and levels of diversity in 51 natural populations of Pinus oocarpa across its geographic range of 3000 km in Mesoamerica. The study also included 17 populations of Pinus patula and Pinus tecunumanii chosen for their resistance or susceptibility to the pitch canker fungus based...
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A new C-methylated flavonoid glycoside from Pinus densiflora.
Jung, M J; Choi, J H; Chung, H Y; Jung, J H; Choi, J S
2001-12-01
A new C-methyl flavonol glycoside, 5,7,8,4'-tetrahydroxy-3-methoxy-6-methylflavone 8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), has been isolated from the needles of Pinus densiflora, together with kaempferol 3-O-beta-(6"-acetyl)-galactopyranoside.
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Rodríguez Yunta, Luis
1994-01-01
Not available.
Recopilación bibliográfica sobre comercio marítimo, contrabando y piratería en las Antillas y el Caribe, realizada sobre la base de la información disponible en las bases de datos América Latina (CSIC) e Historical Abstract. -
Bouzenna, Hafsia; Hfaiedh, Najla; Bouaziz, Mouhamed; Giroux-Metges, Marie-Agnès; Elfeki, Abdelfattah; Talarmin, Hélène
2017-12-01
Essential oils from Pinus species have been reported to have various therapeutic properties. This study was undertaken to identify the chemical composition and cytoprotective effects of the essential oil of Pinus halepensis L. against aspirin-induced damage in cells in vitro. The cytoprotection of the oil against toxicity of aspirin on the small intestine epithelial cells IEC-6 was tested. The obtained results have shown that 35 different compounds were identified. Aspirin induced a decrease in cell viability, and exhibited significant damage to their morphology and an increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. However, the co-treatment of aspirin with the essential oil of Pinus induced a significant increase in cell viability and a decrease in SOD and CAT activities. Overall, these finding suggest that the essential oil of Pinus halepensis L. has potent cytoprotective effect against aspirin-induced toxicity in IEC-6 cells.
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USE OF RESIDUES OF FORESTRY EXPLORATION OF Pinus taeda FOR PARTICLEBOARD MANUFACTURE
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Setsuo Iwakiri
2017-08-01
Full Text Available ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the quality of particleboards manufactured with forest exploitation waste from Pinus taeda. The material in the form of branches, tree tops, stumps and roots, was obtained from a forest plantation located in the Municipality of Mafra -SC. All the material was processed into wood chips for biomass and transported to the place of studies. The Pinus industrial particles were used as control and mixed with the waste in different proportions. The experimental plan consisted of the panels manufacture with 100% of each type of material and mixture of these com proportions of 75/25%, 50/50% and 25/75% with Pinus industrial particles, in addition to the mixture in equal parts, of the three types of materials. Experimental panels were manufactured with nominal density of 0.75 g/cm3, using the urea-formaldehyde resin, in the proportion of 8% of solids -dry weight basis of the particles. The panels were pressed with specific pressure of 4.0 MPa, temperature of 160ºC and pressing time of 8 minutes. The results of the internal bond tests met the requirements of the standard EN 312, is indicative that there has been a proper bonding of these particles originating forest exploitation wastes. General evaluations of the physical and mechanical properties results of the experimental panels indicate the possibility of use of particles obtained from branches, tree tops, stumps and roots, mixed com the industrial Pinus particles, in proportion of, up to, 50%, for particleboard manufacture.
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Hydraulic architecture and tracheid allometry in mature Pinus palustris and Pinus elliottii trees.
Gonzalez-Benecke, C A; Martin, T A; Peter, G F
2010-03-01
Pinus palustris Mill. (longleaf pine, LL) and Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii (slash pine, SL) frequently co-occur in lower coastal plain flatwoods of the USA, with LL typically inhabiting slightly higher and better-drained microsites than SL. The hydraulic architecture and tracheid dimensions of roots, trunk and branches of mature LL and SL trees were compared to understand their role in species microsite occupation. Root xylem had higher sapwood-specific hydraulic conductivity (k(s)) and was less resistant to cavitation compared with branches and trunk sapwood. Root k(s) of LL was significantly higher than SL, whereas branch and trunk k(s) did not differ between species. No differences in vulnerability to cavitation were observed in any of the organs between species. Across all organs, there was a significant but weak trade-off between water conduction efficiency and safety. Tracheid hydraulic diameter (D(h)) was strongly correlated with k(s) across all organs, explaining >73% of the variation in k(s). In contrast, tracheid length (L(t)) explained only 2.4% of the variability. Nevertheless, for trunk xylem, k(s) was 39.5% higher at 20 m compared with 1.8 m; this increase in k(s) was uncorrelated with D(h) and cell-wall thickness but was strongly correlated with the difference in L(t). Tracheid allometry markedly changed between sapwood of roots, trunks and branches, possibly reflecting different mechanical constraints. Even though vulnerability to cavitation was not different for sapwood of roots, branches or the trunks of LL and SL, higher sapwood to leaf area ratio and higher maximum sapwood-specific hydraulic conductivity in roots of LL are functional traits that may provide LL with a competitive advantage on drier soil microsites.
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González-Corredor, Juan David; Acero P, Arturo; García-Urueña, Rocío
2016-01-01
RESUMEN En los últimos años se ha reconocido la problemática causada por especies invasoras, consideradas el segundo causal de pérdida de diversidad después de la degradación del hábitat. El pez león (Pterois volitans), especie originaria del Pacífico occidental, fue visto por primera vez al sur de la Florida en 1985. A partir de 2000 se ha dispersado y establecido en la costa este de Estados Unidos, Bermudas, las Bahamas, y desde 2007 se ha expandido por el Caribe, registrándose en localidad...
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Itzhak Levav
1998-02-01
Full Text Available En 1995 la OPS/OMS llevó a cabo una encuesta postal para investigar las características del uso del tratamiento por electrochoques (TEC en América Latina y en el Caribe de habla inglesa y holandesa. Según los resultados de la encuesta, el uso del TEC difiere en las dos subregiones. La técnica se utiliza ampliamente en América Latina y solo esporádicamente en el Caribe. Asimismo, su uso varía dentro de cada país y ha sufrido cambios a lo largo del tiempo. Solamente la mitad de los países de América Latina tienen normas técnicas para la aplicación del TEC. La administración de anestesia y de relajantes musculares durante el mismo y la obtención de consentimiento informado todavía no son prácticas reglamentarias en las instituciones psiquiátricas de América Latina. La toma de medidas para subsanar estos déficit ayudará a borrar la estereotípica imagen negativa que esta intervención suele evocar.
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An interesting chemical polymorphism in Pinus sylvestris L.
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Jerzy Szweykowski
2014-01-01
Full Text Available Intra- and interpopulational polymorphism in the production of phenolic compounds is described in Polish populations of Pinus sylvestris L. Two mutually exclusive forms of pine trees are present in changing proportions in all populations studied. This allows three groups of populations to be distinguished. The character of this differentiation is discussed.
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Percentile-based Weibull diameter distribution model for Pinus ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Using a site index equation and stem volume model developed for Pinus kesiya in the Philippines, a yield prediction system was created to predict the volume per ha (VPH) for each diameter class and, subsequently, the total volume of a stand. To evaluate the yield prediction system, the predicted mean VPH for each ...
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Surový, P.; Dorotovič, I.; Karlovský, V.; Rodrigues, J. C.; Rybanský, M.; Fleischer, P.
2010-12-01
In this work we have focused on the analysis of the data on the annual growth of cembra pine (Pinus cembra) grown in the Kôprová dolina Valley in the High Tatra Mountains. The database covers the period of 1406 - 1970, however, the sunspot data (minima and maxima) at the NGDC web site are only available since 1610. Moreover, reliable sunspot data are only available since 1749. The results of this analysis agree with the observation made in our previous work, i.e. there is a negative impact of high SA on the pine tree growth. However, it should be noted that statistical significance of the results is low. We also applied wavelet analysis to the data on the tree growth evolution, with the results indicating growth variations' period of about 20 years (duration of approximately two solar cycles or one magnetic cycle, respectively). A negative impact of the SA was also observed in growth of a 90 year-old maritime pine tree (Pinus pinaster) grown in northern Portugal. The width of the annual rings was smaller in the years of maximum SA; furthermore, it was found that it is the latewood growth that it is affected while the earlywood growth is not, and consequently the latewood additions also show a significative negative correlation with SA.
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COLOFONIA DE PINÁCEAS CUBANAS PARA EL CONTROL DE ENFERMEDADES TROPICALES TRANSMITIDAS POR MOLUSCOS
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Y. Arteaga-Crespo
2010-01-01
Full Text Available La esquistosomiasis, enfermedad tropical transmitida por molusco, ocupa el segundo lugar en enfermedades parasitarias después de la malaria. En Cuba no existe la esquistosomiasis aunque sí el riesgo a contraerla, puesto que en nuestra fauna se encuentran especies que pueden actuar como hospederos intermediarios del tremátodo causante de la enfermedad. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar el polvo de colofonia sobre larvas de Biomphalaria havanensis para el control de vectores que propagan la esquistosomiasis, según la metodología desarrollada por la Organización Mundial para la Salud (OMS y descrita por Mott para la evaluación de plantas con acción molusquicida. Los resultados del estudio sugieren la acción molusquicida de colofonia obtenida de pináceas cubanas (Pinus caribaea y Pinus tropicalis sobre larvas de Biomphalaria havanensis en dosis letales (DL50 y DL90 son 44, 33 mg·L-1 y 141, 76 mg·L-1, respectivamente. La ecuación de regresión correspondiente fue: Y = - 0, 412 + 1, 086 ln X con un valor del coeficiente de correlación R 0, 99 y error estándar 0, 13. Las dosis revelan la efectividad de los componentes presentes en la colofonia, resultados comparables con publicaciones de extractos de otras especies de plantas.
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90SR uptake by Pinus ponderosa and Pinus radiata seedlings inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungi
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Entry, J.A.; Emmingham, W.H.; Rygiewicz, P.T.
1994-01-01
Strontium-90 ( 90 Sr) is a radionuclide characteristic of fallout from nuclear reactor accidents and nuclear weapons testing. Prior studies have shown that Pinus ponderosa and P. radiata seedlings can remove appreciable quantities of 90 Sr from soil and store it in plant tissue. In this study, we inoculated P. ponderosa and P. radiata seedlings with one of five isolates of ectomycorrhizal fungi. Inoculated and noninoculated (control) seedlings were compared for their ability to remove 90 Sr from an organic growth medium. Ectomycorrhizal P. ponderosa and P. radiata seedlings are able to remove 3-5 times more 90 Sr from contaminated soil than seedlings without ectomycorrhizae. (Author)
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HERPETOFAUNA DE NEGUANJE, PARQUE NACIONAL NATURAL TAYRONA, CARIBE COLOMBIANO
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jeiner jesus castellanos
2010-01-01
Full Text Available La herpetofauna del Parque Nacional Tayrona (Sector Neguanje fue estudiada durante 30 días entre los meses de septiembre y octubre del 2004 por medio del método de registros de encuentros visuales, la búsqueda activa y la disposición de barreras de intercepción con trampas de caída. Se registraron 44 especies, 11 de Anfibios y 33 de Reptiles, distribuidos en 18 familias y 37 géneros. Las curvas de acumulación de especie mostraron que aproximadamente 20 días son suficientes para registrar todas las especies de lagartos, situación inversa fue observada para las especies de ranas y serpientes. El lagarto Lepidoblepharis sanctaemartae fue la especie con mayor abundancia relativa registrada en el sector, lo que implica un buen criterio potencial para su protección. Se amplia la distribución local de la especie Colosthetus ruthveni, la cual era reportada solo para la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta desde su descripción en 1997. Finalmente, este estudio revela que el sector Neguanje presentó el 33 % de la riqueza de especies registrada para la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, lo que posiciona ha esta zona como una de las más representativas en cuanto a biodiversidad en el Caribe Colombiano.
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Rodrigo LIMA
2015-12-01
Full Text Available Pinus taeda L. é uma das espécies do gênero Pinus mais plantadas na região Sul do Brasil por apresentar excelente crescimento e ótima adaptação às condições climáticas e de solo. Essa espécie é utilizada em larga escala, principalmente para a produção de celulose, construção civil, laminação, produção de móveis, particulados e serraria. Objetivou-se avaliar a produção volumétrica de Pinus taeda L. em diferentes espaços vitais de crescimento (entre 1 m2 e 16 m2 por planta propiciados por nove diferentes espaçamentos entre árvores de um ensaio em cinco blocos ao acaso. O trabalho baseou-se nas medidas de altura e DAP em 25 árvores internas da parcela, aos sete anos após plantio das mudas oriundas de pomar de sementes clonal. Valores estimados de volume por hectare foram inversamente proporcionais ao aumento do espaço vital, alcançando entre 74,2 e 274,8 m3 /ha. Os incrementos médios em volume atingiram entre 10,60 e 39,25 m3 /ha/ano. Concluiu-se que, se o objetivo é a produção volumétrica mesmo com diâmetros pequenos, deve-se optar por espaços vitais menores. Quando se deseja maiores diâmetros, a opção é por espaços maiores. No presente caso, o melhor compromisso entre produção volumétrica e diâmetros grandes pode estar nos espaços vitais intermediários, entre 5 e 8 m2 para cada árvore. Pinus taeda L. is one of the most Pinus species planted in southern Brazil, because it presents excellent growth and optimum adaptation to climatic and soil condition. The species is used in large scale, mainly for cellulose production, construction, laminating, production of furniture, particulates and sawmill. It was aimed to evaluate the Pinus taeda L. volumetric production at different growth vital spaces (ranging 1 m² and 16 m² per plant provided by nine different spacings between plants, the trial was installed in a randomized blocks with five replications. The study was based on height and DBH measurements
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Antraquinona e surfactante para otimizaçao do processo Kraft com Pinus Spp.
Mocelin, Ezequiel Zatoni
2013-01-01
A madeira de Pinus é atualmente a matéria-prima mais utilizada na obtenção de fibras longas para papel, juntamente com o processo Kraft pela sua versatilidade e por produzir fibras com boa resistência. As atuais perspectivas florestais apontam para uma escassez da madeira de Pinus para os diversos fins, seja para madeira processada, seja para celulose e papel. O processo Kraft tem como desvantagem o baixo rendimento em celulose, devido à solubilização não somente da lignina como também parte ...
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Impacts of prescribed fire on Pinus rigida Mill
Nicholas J. Carlo; Heidi J. Renninger; Kenneth L. Clark; Karina V.R. Schäfer
2016-01-01
A comparative analysis of the impacts of prescribed fire on three upland forest stands in the Northeastern Atlantic Plain, NJ, USA, was conducted. Effects of prescribed fire on water use and gas exchange of overstory pines were estimated via sap-flux rates and photosynthetic measurements on Pinus rigida Mill. Each study site had two sap-flux plots...
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Rodríguez Yunta, Luis
1994-12-01
Full Text Available Not available.
Recopilación bibliográfica sobre comercio marítimo, contrabando y piratería en las Antillas y el Caribe, realizada sobre la base de la información disponible en las bases de datos América Latina (CSIC e Historical Abstract. -
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A. K. Baker
2011-01-01
Full Text Available Between April and December 2008 the CARIBIC commercial aircraft conducted monthly measurement flights between Frankfurt, Germany and Chennai, India. These flights covered the period of the Asian summer monsoon (June–September, during which enhancements in a number of atmospheric species were observed in the upper troposphere over southwestern Asia. In addition to in situ measurements of trace gases and aerosols, whole air samples were collected during the flights, and these were subsequently analyzed for a suite of trace gases that included a number of C2–C8 non-methane hydrocarbons. Non-methane hydrocarbons are relatively short-lived compounds and the large enhancements in their mixing ratios in the upper troposphere over southwestern Asia during the monsoon, sometimes more than double their spring and fall means, provides qualitative evidence for the influence of convectively uplifted boundary layer air. The particularly large enhancements of the combustion tracers benzene and ethyne, along with the similarity of their ratios with carbon monoxide and emission ratios from the burning of household biofuels, indicate a strong influence of biofuel burning to NMHC emissions in this region. Conversely, the ratios of ethane and propane to carbon monoxide, along with the ratio between i-butane and n-butane, indicate a significant source of these compounds from the use of fossil fuels, and comparison to previous campaigns suggests that this source could be increasing. Photochemical aging patterns of NMHCs showed that the CARIBIC samples were collected in two distinctly different regions of the monsoon circulation: a southern region where air masses had been recently influenced by low level contact and a northern region, where air parcels had spent substantial time in transit in the upper troposphere before being probed. Estimates of age using ratios of individual NMHCs have ranges of 3–6 days in the south and 9–12 days in
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Growth process and diameter structure of Pinus tabulaeformis forest ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
STORAGESEVER
2009-10-19
Oct 19, 2009 ... and sunny slope Pinus tabulaeformis forest were investigated in hilly loess-gully ... tabulaeformis, the main species of tree for forestation, ... Biomass in different artificial P. tabulaformis stands ..... The change of plant diversity during natural ... elements and stand biomass in forest communities in Hilly Loess.
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F. Thomas Ledig; Miguel A. Capó-Arteaga; Paul D. Hodgskiss; Hassan Sbay; Celestino Flores-López; M. Thompson Conkle; Basilio Bermejo-Velázquez
2001-01-01
Weeping piñon (Pinus pinceana) has a restricted and fragmented range, trees are widely scattered within populations, and reproduction is limited. Nevertheless, genetic diversity was high; based on 27 isozyme loci in 18 enzyme systems, unbiased expected heterozygosity averaged 0.174. Differentiation also was high (FST = 0.152),...
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Root architecture and wind-firmness of mature Pinus pinaster.
Danjon, Frédéric; Fourcaud, Thierry; Bert, Didier
2005-11-01
This study aims to link three-dimensional coarse root architecture to tree stability in mature timber trees with an average of 1-m rooting depth. Undamaged and uprooted trees were sampled in a stand damaged by a storm. Root architecture was measured by three-dimensional (3-D) digitizing. The distribution of root volume by root type and in wind-oriented sectors was analysed. Mature Pinus pinaster root systems were organized in a rigid 'cage' composed of a taproot, the zone of rapid taper of horizontal surface roots and numerous sinkers and deep roots, imprisoning a large mass of soil and guyed by long horizontal surface roots. Key compartments for stability exhibited strong selective leeward or windward reinforcement. Uprooted trees showed a lower cage volume, a larger proportion of oblique and intermediate depth horizontal roots and less wind-oriented root reinforcement. Pinus pinaster stability on moderately deep soils is optimized through a typical rooting pattern and a considerable structural adaptation to the prevailing wind and soil profile.
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Modelagem do crescimento e de biomassa individual de Pinus
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Ana Beatriz Schikowski
2013-09-01
Full Text Available Este estudo tem como objetivo testar modelos matemáticos para estimativas de biomassa de diferentes compartimentos de Pinus spp., a partir de variáveis de fácil mensuração. Os dados utilizados são provenientes de plantios localizados no centro sul do estado do Paraná. Foram utilizados dados de peso seco total e parcial de 35 árvores de Pinus spp., obtidos por meio do método destrutivo direto. De cada árvore amostrada foram medidos também o CAP (circunferência à altura do peito e a altura total. Os modelos para estimativa de biomassa de folhagem não apresentaram bom desempenho, verificado pelos indicadores de ajuste. Entretanto, para os compartimentos: galhos, raízes, casca, fuste e para biomassa total, os ajustes apresentaram elevados valores de R² e baixos valores de Syx%. O modelo de crescimento de Richards obteve melhor desempenho que os demais testados para a estimativa da biomassa total.
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Soil water balance in different densities of Pinus taeda in Southern Brazil
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Jorge Luiz Moretti Souza
2016-04-01
Full Text Available This study aimed to quantify and compare water balance components over the course of a year for different Pinus taeda planting densities in an oxisol in southern Brazil. This experiment was conducted on 6-year-old trees in a clay oxisol at the Monte Alegre Farm, a property of the Klabin Company. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replicates and five treatments with different amounts of soil coverage: T100 (100% coverage - standard planting coverage; (T75, 75; T50, 50; and T25, 25%, and; T0 (without cover - clearcutting. The soil water storage and actual evapotranspiration under non-standard conditions were determined in a weekly estimated soil water balance (SWB with measured components. By the end of the year, the treatments had not reached field capacity or wilting point storage. The average value of total downward drainage was 100.2 mm, and the highest values occurred in the T75 and T100 treatments. The lowest population density (T25 had the highest actual evapotranspiration (ETr, due to the growth of the remaining Pinus taeda trees. The highest evapotranspiration occurred in September, due to the resumption of Pinus taeda growth.
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Ditas, J.; Ma, N.; Zhang, Y.; Assmann, D. N.; Neumaier, M.; Wang, S.; Wang, J.; Zahn, A.; Hermann, M.; Brenninkmeijer, C. A. M.; Poeschl, U.; Su, H.; Cheng, Y.
2017-12-01
Biomass burning (BB) events can release large amounts of refractory black carbon (rBC) into the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere (UT/LMS) (Dahlkötter et al., 2014). To explore this effect, a Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP2) was added to the scientific payload of the instrumented CARIBIC container that is installed monthly in the cargo bay of a passenger aircraft (the IAGOS-CARIBIC atmospheric observatory, www.iagos.org). Regular measurement flights with different destinations are performed, covering an area of about 120°W to 120°E and 75°N to 30°S. A wide range of in situ measurements (CO, O3, greenhouse gases, aerosol particles and volatile organic compounds) is combined with a collection of air and aerosol samples for laboratory analyses. Since August 2014, the SP2 measures BC number and mass concentration at altitudes between 8 and 12 km. More than 600 BC measurement hours show a strong impact of BB emissions on the lowermost stratosphere. The BB plumes are identified with the help of concurrent carbon monoxide and acetonitrile measurements showing substantially increased concentrations compared to their background level. Transported into the lowermost stratosphere, BB smoke can be transported over long distances and the BC particles can stay in the atmosphere up to one year. The monthly missions of four consecutive CARIBIC flights sometimes enable to revisit a certain air mass, as was the case during a measurement flight to San Francisco in August 2014, with a stopover time of 2h. The revisited biomass burning plume located over the Altlantic ocean near Greenland was traced back by backward and forward trajectories to open fires in Canada (upper Fig.). The transit time of the smoke plume was estimated to 16 - 19h which perfectly matches our flight time difference ( 18h). Based on the LEO-fit method (Leading Edge Only fit) from Gao et al. (2007), the mixing state of the BC particles within the BB plume was calculated. Our unique data set
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A holistic approach to genetic conservation of Pinus strobiformis
K.M. Waring; R. Sniezko; B.A. Goodrich; C. Wehenkel; J.J. Jacobs
2017-01-01
Pinus strobiformis (southwestern white pine) is threatened by both a rapidly changing climate and the tree disease white pine blister rust, caused by an introduced fungal pathogen, Cronartium ribicola. We began a proactive program in ~2009 to sustain P. strobiformis that includes genetic conservation, research, and management strategies. Research...
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Evolutionary relationships of Slash Pine ( Pinus elliottii ) with its ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
llozymes in bud tissue and monoterpene contents in xylem oleoresin of slash pine (Pinus elliottii) were analyzed from populations across the natural distribution, as well as those from other species in the AUSTRALES pines. Allozyme diversity measures of slash pine were similar to those found in other southern pines.
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Growth models for Pinus patula in Angola | Delgado-Matas ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
This study developed growth models for Pinus patula Schiede ex Schltdl. et Cham. for the Central Highlands of Angola for simulating the development of stand characteristics. The model set included dominant height, individual-tree diameter increment, individual-tree height and self-thinning models. The study was based ...
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Coopeprocesadora de infusiones naturales de la zona del caribe de Costa Rica
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Harold Jiménez Quesada
2017-01-01
Full Text Available La Coopeprocesadora de infusiones naturales de la zona del Caribe de Costa Rica es un proyecto académico ideado para la dinamización y desarrollo de la comunidad de Siquirres. El proyecto busca rescatar el valor del medio natural como recurso clave para la creación de empleos a través de nuevas actividades industriales en la región. La arquitectura de la Coopeprocesadora consta de una piel inspirada en el origami y el rescate de elementos clave para el manejo bioclimático de los espacios. The Natural Infusion Processing Cooperative of the caribbean zone of Costa Rica is an academic project designed for the dynamization and development of the community of Siquirres. The project seeks to rescue the value of the natural environment as a key resource for job creation through new industrial activities in the region. The architecture of the processing cooperative consists of a skin inspired by origami and the rescue of key elements for the bioclimatic management of spaces.
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Campos Néstor Hernando
1995-11-01
Full Text Available La subfamilia Tymolinae fue elevada recientemente a la categoría de familia, separándola de la Dorippidae, de acuerdo con lo expuesto por Wear & Batham (1975 y asumido por Bowman & Abele (1982 Y Williams (1984. La familia Tymolidae está constituida por un grupo de cangrejos, cercanos sistemáticamente a la familia Dromiacea, dentro de la que se destacan los del género Clythrocerus. A pesar de ser un grupo dedistribución tropical principalmente (Wear & Batam, 1975, no había sido registrada ninguna especie para el Caribe colombiano.
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Foliar fungi of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris)
Millberg, Hanna
2015-01-01
Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) is an ecologically and economically important tree species in Fennoscandia. Scots pine needles host a variety of fungi, some with the potential to profoundly influence their host. These fungi can have beneficial or detrimental effects with important implications for both forest health and primary production. In this thesis, the foliar fungi of Scots pine needles were investigated with the aim of exploring spatial and temporal patterns, and development with needle...
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Phytochemical analysis of Pinus eldarica bark
Iravani, S.; Zolfaghari, B.
2014-01-01
Bark extract of Pinus pinaster contains numerous phenolic compounds such as catechins, taxifolin, and phenolic acids. These compounds have received considerable attentions because of their anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, anticarcinogenic, antimetastatic and high antioxidant activities. Although P. pinaster bark has been intensely investigated in the past; there is comparably less information available in the literature in regard to P. eldarica bark. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition of P. eldarica commonly found in Iran. A reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the determination of catechin, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and taxifolin in P. pinaster and P. eldarica was developed. A mixture of 0.1% formic acid in deionized water and 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile was used as the mobile phase, and chromatographic separation was achieved on a Nova pack C18 at 280 nm. The two studied Pinus species contained high amounts of polyphenolic compounds. Among four marker compounds, the main substances identified in P. pinaster and P. eldarica were taxifolin and catechin, respectively. Furthermore, the composition of the bark oil of P. eldarica obtained by hydrodistillation was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). Thirty-three compounds accounting for 95.1 % of the oil were identified. The oils consisted mainly of mono- and sesquiterpenoid fractions, especially α-pinene (24.6%), caryophyllene oxide (14.0%), δ-3-carene (10.7%), (E)-β-caryophyllene (7.9%), and myrtenal (3.1%). PMID:25657795
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Dragan, G.I.; Dragan, N.V.; Levon, F.M.
2006-01-01
Research indicates data about distinct of Pinus sylvestris as biological indicator. Especially important is discovered distinctiveness of reactions of Pinus sylvestris to low level radioactive pollution. To identify radioactive pollution in habitats using biological indicators it is recommended the following complex of markers of functions of vegetative and reproductive systems of Pinus sylvestris: specific changes in architectonic of tree crowns; increase in number of annual cycles of growth to two or three and duration of active vegetation drastic change in morphogenesis of vegetative shoots in secondary (summer) shoots; formation of intermediate structures (combined buds and shoots) with mosaic development of some metamers with regular or affected structure; stimulation of buds (general increase of points of growth and appearance of additional ways of their formation); specific changes in gistogenesis of needles; hollow tar channels filled with sclerenhyma or parenchyma ect.; interruption of morphogenesis of male reproductive shoots; increase in the number of abnormal pollen grains to 70%; abnormal branching of pollen channels. All affects in vegetative system of Pinus sylvestris take place at the age of up to 12-14 (20) years. (authors)
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Ratola, Nuno; Amigo, José Manuel; Alves, Arminda
2010-04-01
Pine needle samples from two pine species (Pinus pinaster Ait. and Pinus pinea L.) were collected at 29 sites scattered throughout Portugal, in order to biomonitor the levels and trends of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The values obtained for the sum of all PAHs ranged from 76 to 1944 ng/g [dry weight (dw)]. Despite the apparent matrix similarities between both pine species, P. pinaster needles revealed higher mean entrapment levels than P. pinea (748 and 399 ng/g (dw) per site, respectively). The urban and industrial sites have the highest average of PAH incidence [for P. pinea, 465 and 433 ng/g (dw) per site, respectively, and for P. pinaster, 1147 and 915 ng/g (dw)], followed by the rural sites [233 ng/g and 711 ng/g (dw) per site, for P. pinea and P. pinaster, respectively]. The remote sites, both from P. pinaster needles, show the least contamination, with 77 ng/g (dw) per site. A predominance of 3-ring and 4-ring PAHs was observed in most samples, with phenanthrene having 30.1% of the total. Naphthalene prevailed in remote sites. Rainfall had no influence on the PAHs levels, but there was a relationship between higher wind speeds and lower concentrations. PAH molecular ratios revealed the influence of both petrogenic and pyrogenic sources.
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Natural production of Tuber aestivum in central Spain: Pinus spp. versus Quercus spp. brûlés
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Luis G. Garcia-Montero
2014-08-01
Full Text Available Aim of study: Tuber aestivum is the most widespread edible truffle, with increasing commercial interest. This species can produce carpophores with conifer hosts, in contrast with the inability of Pinus spp. to induce fruiting in other truffle species such as Tuber melanosporum. Therefore the objective is to compare the characteristics and carpophore production of T. aestivum brûlés associated with Pinus spp. versus Quercus spp.Area of study: We studied the natural habitats of T. aestivum in the Alto Tajo Nature Reserve in central Spain.Material and methods: During 5 years, we monitored the production of carpophores and brûlé size of 145 T. aestivum brûlés associated with Pinus nigra subsp. salzmanni and P. sylvestris and Quercus ilex subsp. ballota and Q. faginea hosts. Statistical treatment was performed using the Statistica Program v. 6.Main Results: The size of brûlés associated with Pinus was significantly smaller than that of brûlés associated with Quercus. However, carpophore production per brûlé, and especially for brûlés of similar size, was greater when the host plant was a pine. After accounting for brûlé size, the production of brûlés associated with Pinus spp. was 2.23 (95% CI, between 1.35 and 3.69 and 1.61 (95% CI, between 1.02 and 2.54 times greater than the production of brûlés associated with Quercus faginea and Q. ilex subsp. ballota, respectively.Research highlights: The considerable ability of Pinus nigra subsp. salzmanni and P. sylvestris to form effective brûlés and to produce carpophores of Tuber aestivum in natural conditions was clearly demonstrated, and suggest that those species can be of use in the culture of T. aestivum.Key words: Summer truffle; Tuber aestivum; truffle culture; truffle ecology; Pinus spp.; Quercus spp.
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Helio Tonini; César Augusto Guimarães Finger; Paulo Renato Schneider; Peter Spathelf
2010-01-01
Este trabalho teve como objetivos estudar o crescimento em altura dominante para Pinus elliottii e Pinus taeda, mediante comparações entre as curvas de índice de sítio construídas para algumas regiões do estado do Rio Grande do Sul e outros Estados da Federação. Essas comparações indicaram que as curvas feitas por Tonini (2000) para as regiões da Serra do Sudeste e Litoral no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, não apresentaram o mesmo desenvolvimento em relação às curvas feitas por Scolforo e Macha...
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Daud, Muhammad; Wasim, Mohammad; Khalid, Nasir; Waheed, Shahida [Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Islamabad (Pakistan). Chemistry Div.
2015-07-01
The present study deals with the determination of 36 elements in Pinus roxburghii plant needles to assess their potential as biomonitor for elemental air pollution monitoring. The elemental quantification was made by employing Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) and Atomic Absorption Spectrometric (AAS) techniques. The needles of Pinus roxburghii were collected in spring, summer and winter seasons from various sites in Islamabad. The method validation was performed by analyzing two certified reference materials i.e., Citrus leaves - NIST-SRM-1572 and IAEA-Soil-7. Pollution level was assessed by using three indicators: enrichment factor, pollution load index and average toxic element concentration. The results indicated that the needles of Pinus roxburghii plant had potential to monitor the extent of air pollution in the vicinity of high traffic areas.
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First discovery of fossil winged seeds of Pinus L. (family Pinaceae ...
Indian Academy of Sciences (India)
Mahasin Ali Khan
2017-07-04
Jul 4, 2017 ... review the historical phytogeography and highlight the phytogeographic implication of this genus. Keywords. ... In the present paper, winged seeds of Pinus are described ..... the Himalayas and the onset and development of.
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Evaluation of genetic diversity of Portuguese Pinus sylvestris L.
Indian Academy of Sciences (India)
Home; Journals; Journal of Genetics; Volume 92; Online resources. Evaluation of genetic diversity of Portuguese Pinus sylvestris L. populations based on molecular data and inferences about the future use of this germplasm. J. Cipriano A. Carvalho C. Fernandes M. J. Gaspar J. Pires J. Bento L. Roxo J. Louzada J. Lima- ...
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Genomic DNA extraction from sapwood of Pinus roxburghii for ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
A method for extraction of genomic DNA from sapwood tissues of mature tall trees of Pinus roxburghii, where collection of needle tissues is extremely difficult has been standardized. The extracted DNA was comparable to that obtained from the needle tissue in terms of yield and purity. The yield of extracted DNA ranged ...
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Bundke, Ulrich; Berg, Marcel; Franke, Harald; Zahn, Andreas; Boenisch, Harald; Perim de Faria, Julia; Berkes, Florian; Petzold, Andreas
2017-04-01
The European Research Infrastructure IAGOS (In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System; www.iagos.org) responds to the increasing requests for long-term, routine in-situ observational data by using commercial passenger aircraft as measurement platforms. The infrastructure is built from two complementary approaches: The "CORE" component comprises the implementation and operation of autonomous instruments installed on up to 20 long-range aircraft of international airlines for continuous measurements of important reactive gases and greenhouse gases, as well as aerosol particles, dust and cloud particles. The fully automated instruments are designed for operation aboard the aircraft in unattended mode for several months and the data are transmitted automatically. The complementary "CARIBIC" component consists of the monthly deployment of a cargo container equipped with instrumentation for a larger suite of components. The CARIBIC container has equipment for measuring ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, water vapor and airborne particles. Furthermore the container is equipped with a system for collecting air samples. These air samples are analyzed in the laboratory. For each sample measurements for more than 40 trace gases including CFC's prohibited by the Montreal protocol, and all greenhouse gases are performed. The Interface described in this work is designed to host one of IAGOS CORE (Package2) instruments. Available are: P2a, P2b, measuring { NO_y} and {NO_x} em P2c, measuring the aerosol size-distribution (0.25
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Henrique Cesar Almeida
2012-01-01
Full Text Available Distribution and stocks of soil organic matter (SOM compartments after Pinus monoculture introduction in a native pasture area of a Cambisol, Santa Catarina, Brazil, were investigated. Pinus introduction increased soil acidity, content of exchangeable Al+3 and diminished soil nutrients. Nevertheless, soil C stock increased in all humic fractions of the 0-5 cm layer after Pinus afforestation. In the subsurface, the vegetation change only promoted SOM redistribution from the NaOH-extractable humic substances to a less hydrophobic humin fraction. Under Pinus, soil organo-mineral interactions were relevant up to a 15 cm depth, while in pasture environment, this mechanism occurred mainly in the surface layer.
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Fusarium oxysporum and F. verticillioides associated with damping-off in Pinus spp.
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Caciara Gonzatto Maciel
Full Text Available ABSTRACT Occurrence of Fusarium spp. is one of the problems, most limiting to growth of seedlings, in nurseries. This pathogen can be transmitted via seeds and causes damages to the seedlings during pre- and post-emergence stages. The present study aimed to identify Fusarium spp. at the species level based on morphological and molecular characteristics and to verify the pathogenicity of these isolates in seeds lots of Pinus elliottii and P. taeda. For this, we used two Fusarium isolates and five lots of Pinus spp. seeds. Morphological characterization was performed based on a key, specific to Fusarium spp. identification, whereas, molecular identification was carried out by amplification and sequencing of the regions from internal transcribed spacer (ITS and the elongation factor 1-α (tef1. The pathogenicity test was conducted through the contact of the seeds with fungal culture for 48 h, followed by sowing them in sand. The variables evaluated were emergency speed index, percentage of emergency, non-emergency seeds, symptomatic seedlings, and seedling damping-off. One isolate, F1UFSM, was identified as F. verticillioides and another isolate, F2UFSM, was identified as F. oxysporum. Both the isolates were pathogenic to the seeds of Pinus spp., causing a reduction in the percentage of emergence and seedling damping-off.
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FESTIVAL VER CIENCIA CARIBE: UN MODELO DE APROPIACIÓN SOCIAL DEL CONOCIMIENTO CIENTÍFICO REGIONAL
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Carlos Ospina Bozzi
2007-08-01
Full Text Available El Festival Ver Ciencia Caribe se aborda desde la recuperación y valorización de lainvestigación científica regional, la inteligencia colectiva y la identidad cultural.Promueve el objetivo social de construir una cultura científica humanística que lapoblación juvenil pueda llegar a sentir como propia.El modelo de apropiación que estamos presentando a la comunidad internacionalentiende que es posible producir materiales de divulgación científica, popularizacióny apropiación social del conocimiento, útiles tanto para el ámbito de la enseñanza formal como para el de la educación informal, mediante múltiples usos, tanto en la emisión en medios de comunicación masiva, como en el aula de clase y en otros ámbitos sociales.
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Paula M. Pérez-Briceño
2017-01-01
Full Text Available Una alta variabilidad espacio-temporal en la temperatura y la precipitación son características del territorio costarricense, con una diferencia climática fuerte entre las dos vertientes, la Pacífica y el Caribe. La primera por estar a sotavento de la cadena central de montañas posee un régimen de menor humedad atmosférica mientras que la ladera a barlovento, recibe los vientos alisios cargados de humedad que determinan el clima de la vertiente Caribe, donde llueve prácticamente todo el año. Se analizaron las variables meteorológicas: lluvia y temperatura superficial del aire, integrándolas al relieve en busca de patrones climáticos para asociar las estaciones meteorológicas a un grupo climático determinado. Se utilizaron 82 estaciones meteorológicas con registros de diez años o más. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo elaborar dos propuestas de clasificación climática basadas en el balance hídrico de acuerdo al método de Thornthwaite. La evapotranspiración potencial (ETP se estimó de acuerdo a Thornwaite y Hargreaves. A pesar de la diferencia en los resultados de la evapotranspiración potencial debido a la forma en que se estima en cada uno de los métodos, se encuentra que la región varía entre subhúmeda, húmeda y excesivamente húmeda.
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LINA BLANDÓN
2013-01-01
Full Text Available A partir de las esponjas marinas se han obtenido gran cantidad de sustancias con potencial antitumoral. En este estudio se realizó la evaluación de la actividad citotóxica, de cinco fracciones de la esponja marina del Caribe colombiano Topsentia ophiraphidites en las líneas celulares Jurkat y CHO, mediante las pruebas de MTT y azul de tripano. Sólo la fracción número 4 (T4 presentó actividad citotóxica significativa, obteniendo una concentración inhibitoria media (IC50 de 33 µg/mL para las células Jurkat y 58 µg/mL para las células CHO, sugiriendo la necesidad de realizar posteriores ensayos de genotoxicidad y efectos sobre el ciclo celular.
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evaluation of the leave and bud decoctions pinus halepensis mill ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
31 déc. 2014 ... L'espèce Pinus halepensis Mill (ou pin d'Alep), appartenant à la famille des Pinaceae, a ... au moyen d'un moulin électrique à usage domestique (model Moulinex D5001) au niveau du ..... central ltaly Flavour Frag. J., 2003 ...
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Bishop pine (Pinus muricata) of inland Marin County, CA
Constance I. Millar
1986-01-01
The locations and characteristics of five, small, previously undescribed stands of bishop pine (Pinus muricata) in central Marin Co., California, are reported. Three stands lie on dry sites in the Kent Lake Drainage north of Mt. Tamalpais: San Geronimo Ridge, a spur ridge above Little Carson Cr., and Oat Hill. These stands are anomalous in occurring...
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Some physical and strength properties of immature Pinus patula ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
A study was conducted to determine physical and strength properties of immature Pinus patula grown in Iringa and Njombe regions of Tanzania. Sample trees aged 5 to 15 years were collected from farmers' woodlots. The trees were categorized into 5 age classes: 5 - 7, 8 - 10, 11 - 12, 13 - 14 and 15 years. Four trees from ...
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Cecilia A. Gómez
2006-07-01
Full Text Available Naupactus ruizi (Brèthes es un gorgojo de rostro corto, distribuido en la Argentina y Chile, que habita en ambientes áridos asociado con vegetación xerofítica y alcanza el rango más austral entre los miembros de la tribu Naupactini. Un relevamiento de insectos y de patógenos como plagas potenciales, realizado durante el 2005 en plantaciones de Pinus spp. en la Patagonia andina argentina, resultó en el hallazgo de adultos de N. ruizi que se alimentaban de acículas de Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws. Este hallazgo es sorprendente dado que las especies de Naupactini, consumen casi exclusivamente angiospermas. Interpretamos que el cambio de huésped, habría ocurrido como consecuencia de una colonización reciente favorecida por la amplia distribución geográfica del gorgojo y su capacidad para sobrevivir en hábitats marginales, donde probablemente las plantas nativas son escasas y el nuevo huésped presenta una gran abundancia local.Naupactus ruizi (Brèthes is a broad-nosed weevil recorded from Argentina and Chile , that inhabits arid environments with xerophitic vegetation and reaches the southern most distribution of the tribe Naupactini. A survey of potential insect pests and pathogens of plantations of Pinus spp. and other forest species, conducted during 2005 in Argentinean Patagonian Andean forestations, allowed to find N. ruizi feeding on pine needles of Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws. This finding was unexpected, since species of Naupactini consume almost exclusively angiosperms. We interpret that the new host association may represent a recent host shift, probably facilitated by the broad range of the weevil, its capacity to survive in marginal habitats where natural hosts are scarce, and the local abundance of the new host.
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Novel taxa in the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex from Pinus spp.
Herron, D.A.; Wingfield, M.J.; Wingfield, B.D.; Rodas, C.A.; Marincowitz, S.; Steenkamp, E.T.
2015-01-01
The pitch canker pathogen Fusarium circinatum has caused devastation to Pinus spp. in natural forests and non-natives in commercially managed plantations. This has drawn attention to the potential importance of Fusarium species as pathogens of forest trees. In this study, we explored the diversity of Fusarium species associated with diseased Pinus patula, P. tecunumanii, P. kesiya and P. maximinoi in Colombian plantations and nurseries. Plants displaying symptoms associated with a F. circinatum-like infection (i.e., stem cankers and branch die-back on trees in plantations and root or collar rot of seedlings) were sampled. A total of 57 isolates were collected and characterised based on DNA sequence data for the translation elongation factor 1-α and β-tubulin gene regions. Phylogenetic analyses of these data allowed for the identification of more than 10 Fusarium species. These included F. circinatum, F. oxysporum, species within the Fusarium solani species complex and seven novel species in the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (formerly the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex), five of which are described here as new. Selected isolates of the new species were tested for their pathogenicity on Pinus patula and compared with that of F. circinatum. Of these, F. marasasianum, F. parvisorum and F. sororula displayed levels of pathogenicity to P. patula that were comparable with that of F. circinatum. These apparently emerging pathogens thus pose a significant risk to forestry in Colombia and other parts of the world. PMID:26955193
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Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Pinus pinaster
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Nouara Ait Mimoune
2013-08-01
Full Text Available Objective: To investigate the antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of essential oils of Pinus pinaster. Methods: Essential oils were extracted from the needles by hydrodistillation. The chemical composition of the obtained essential oils was analyzed using GC-MS technique. The antimicrobial potential has been tested against six microorganisms performing the disc diffusion assay. Results: Twenty-three components have been identified. β-caryophyllene (30.9% and β-selinene (13.45% were predominant compounds. The essential oil exhibited a moderate activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli, but did not affect the growth of Erwinia amylovora. Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger were not inhibited by maritime pine essential oils. Conclusions: The essential oils from Pinus pinaster can be used as an antibacterial agent.
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LIBERALIZACIÓN, REFORMAS Y EMPLEO EN LA INDUSTRIA MANUFACTURERA DEL CARIBE COLOMBIANO, 1974-2004
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Dewin Pérez Fuentes
2010-01-01
Full Text Available Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar los principales efectos (sobre el empleo, la productividad y los costos laborales de la industria manufacturera de la región Caribe de las reformas económicas que se dieron en los años noventa en el marco del proceso de apertura e internacionalización de la economía colombiana. El patrón de industrialización y las características del cambio técnico intensivo en capital y ahorrador de mano de obra están relacionados con los malos resultados en términos de empleo en la industria regional después de las reformas. Por otro lado, la evolución de la productividad laboral y de las remuneraciones refleja una tendencia decreciente en el costo laboral unitario, por tanto, la explicación a la caída del empleo debe ser distinta a las presiones salariales sobre las utilidades empresariales.
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Adaptation des semis de Pin pignon ( Pinus pinea L.) au stress ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Adaptation des semis de Pin pignon ( Pinus pinea L.) au stress combiné hydrique et thermique par des marqueurs biochimiques. ... Objectif: L'objectif de ce travail consiste à analyser les effets d'un stress hydrique et ... from 32 Countries:.
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Composition of the essential oils of Pinus nigra Arnold from Turkey
Turkey, Composition of the essential oils of Pin
2010-01-01
Essential oil composition of the needles of Pinus nigra Arnold collected from different localities in Turkey was investigated by GC and GC/MS. The main components in the oils were a-pinene, b-pinene, b-caryophyllene, and germacrene D.
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Composition of the essential oils of Pinus nigra Arnold from Turkey
Turkey, Composition of the essential oils of Pin; SEZİK, Ekrem; ÜSTÜN, Osman; DEMİRCİ, Betül; BAŞER, K. Hüsnü Can
2014-01-01
Essential oil composition of the needles of Pinus nigra Arnold collected from different localities in Turkey was investigated by GC and GC/MS. The main components in the oils were a-pinene, b-pinene, b-caryophyllene, and germacrene D.
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Adriana P. Uribe Uran
2010-06-01
Full Text Available El presente artículo expone la experiencia obtenida por un grupo de investigadores de la Universidad Simón Bolívar de Barranquilla- Colombia, tras la ejecución de un proyecto que consistió en la construcción de un sistema de gestión y el desarrollo de un conjunto de estrategias para potenciar las ventajas del Caribe Colombiano como sector turístico. La finalidad del proyecto era mejorar el desarrollo económico y social de esta región y hacerla atractiva para turistas nacionales y extranjeros, de tal forma que a través del portal Web creado como estrategia central, la visitaran para disfrutar de los diferentes tipos de turismo que esta región puede ofrecer: ecológico, de aventura, de salud, cultural, de sol y playa, entre otros. La investigación arrojo dentro de sus resultados, la conformación de un grupo de empresarios del sector turístico, en un trabajo asociativo bajo el apoyo de una plataforma en TIC que permite a los potenciales viajeros, conocer las ventajas del Caribe como destino turístico, y a los empresarios, promocionar sus servicios a través del portal.This article presents the experience gained by a research group from the Simon Bolivar University of Barranquilla-Colombia, after carrying out a project which consisted in the building of a communication system and the development of a group of strategies that will impulse the advantages of the Colombian Caribe as a touristic place, with the goal of improving the economic and social development of this Colombian region and making it an attractive place for national and foreign tourists, who, through the web page created as central strategy, could visit and enjoy the different tourism types it can offer: ecologic, adventure, health, cultural, beach and sun, among others. The research results showed the formation of a group of businessmen in the tourism sector, working in partnership under the support of a ICT’s platform that enables them to promote their services
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Experiments in rooting bishop pine (Pinus muricata D. Don) cuttings
Constance I. Millar
1987-01-01
Presented here are results of rooting studies using hedges established from juvenile seedlings of "blue" and "green" foliaged bishop pine (Pinus muricata D. Don) from Mendocino and Sonoma Counties, California. Rootability, averaged over all clones and all setting dates, was 88%. The average time for 50% of the...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Helio Tonini
2002-01-01
Full Text Available This research had as main objective to study the dominant height growth of Pinus elliottii and Pinus taeda through site index curves comparisons in some regions of Rio Grande do Sul State and other states of the country. These comparisons showed that the site index curves made by Tonini (2000, for the southeastern mountain and coast land in Rio Grande do Sul State did not show the same pattern of those by Scolforo e Machado (1988, for Paraná and Santa Catarina, Brazil (1989a for Passo Fundo RS, Marcolin (1990, for the Paranas Second Upland and Selle (1993 for Cambará do Sul RS. However, the same growth pattern was observed for curves by Brasil (1989b for S ão Francisco de Paula which only level differences were observed.
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Deborah Pinheiro Dick
2011-04-01
Full Text Available In the last three decades, exotic tree species are being introduced in the natural pastures of the highlands located at the northeastern part of Rio Grande do Sul State (RS, Brazil. This alteration of land use may impart drastic changes in the soil attributes. In this context, this work aimed to evaluate the impact of Pinus taeda afforestation on soil chemical attributes and organic matter (SOM composition in Leptosols from Campos de Cima da Serra, RS. Soil samples under eight year old (Pi8 and 30 year old (Pi30 Pinus plantations and under native pasture (NP were studied. Contents of exchangeable cations and of micronutrients and soil pH were determined. The SOM composition was investigated by means of elemental analyses and FTIR spectroscopy. The soil under pasture had a higher content of nutrients and of SOM in comparison to Pinus soils, reflecting the higher input and decomposition rate of the below ground added residue in the grassland environment. The SOM in pasture soils showed a higher content of carbohydrate and of structures derived from microbial metabolism. Besides the depletion of nutrients and of SOM, Pinus afforestation affected the SOM quality: following afforestation, the proportion of chemically recalcitrant structures and of carboxylic groups increased, whereas N-containing groups decreased.Nas três últimas décadas, o cultivo de espécies exóticas vem sendo introduzido nas áreas de pastagem de solos de altitude localizados na região nordeste do Estado do rio Grande do Sul. Essa alteração de uso do solo pode causar mudanças drásticas nos atributos do solo. Avaliou-se o impacto do florestamento com Pinus Taeda nos atributos químicos e na composição da matéria orgânica (MOS de Neossolos Litólicos dos Campos de Cima da Serra, RS. Foram estudadas amostras de solo sob plantação de Pinus há oito (Pi8 e há 30 anos (Pi30 e sob pastagem natural (NP, sendo determinados os teores de cátions trocáveis e de
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Viridiana Molinares Hassan
2015-01-01
Full Text Available En este artículo presentamos los primeros resultados del trabajo de campo realizado en el marco de la investigación Narrativas de la violencia sexual en la guerra irregular en el Caribe colombiano: voces de homosexua les, transexuales, intersexuales, bisexuales y lesbianas , cuyo objetivo es narrar literariamente casos de violencia sexual perpetrados por los grupos paramilitares arraigados en esta zona del país contra la población LGTBI del Caribe colombiano. Para desarrollar nuestro propósito, en la introducción presentamos una breve reseña de los fundamentos teóricos de nuestra inves tigación; luego, en la sección “Una aguja en un pajar” narramos la difícil búsqueda de víctimas decididas a dar testimonio; en la sección “El territorio, el viaje y la música” describimos el contexto en el cual se realizaron las en trevistas que dieron lugar a las narraciones literarias que presentamos en la sección “Voces vivas y voces ausentes”, para finalmente mostrar algunas de las conclusiones de esta segunda fase de nuestra investigación.
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REPRESENTACIÓN SOCIAL DEL PROCESO DE AUTONOMÍA REGIONAL DE LA COSTA CARIBE DE NICARAGUA
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Carlos Manuel Flores Gómez
2016-01-01
Full Text Available En este artículo se analizó la representación social de la Autonomía Regional de la Costa Caribe de Nicaragua, desde diarios nacionales, La Prensa y El Nuevo Diario. La metodología fue un diseño cualitativo, descriptivo, que destacó la cobertura y abordaje de la información, al comparar dos años: 1990 y 2010, en un período de seis meses, y conocer las diferencias sobre las noticias divulgadas. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la revisión hemerográfica, el análisis de contenido y la aplicación de entrevistas dirigidas. Se ha evidenciado que el Régimen Autonómico, no ha sido prioridad de inclusión en la agenda mediática de los dos medios, cuyas publicaciones aún no cuentan con una apropiación de la Autonomía, por lo que se hace necesario compartir la visión de la Comunicación Intercultural, de tal manera que exista un compromiso asumido desde el periodismo nacional encaminado a la visibilización pertinente de la Costa Caribe nicaragüense.Summary In this article the social representation of the Regional Autonomy of the Caribbean Coast of Nicaragua was analyzed, from the perspective of the mass media, La Prensa and El Nuevo Diario. The methodology applied was a qualitative and descriptive design that highlighted the analysis and approach of the information, as it compared two years: 1990 and 2010, in a period of six months, in order to know the differences on the news that is disseminated. The instruments that we make use of were the hemerographic revision, the analysis of content and the application of targeted interviews. It has been shown that the autonomous regime, has not been a priority from the media agenda of the two national newspapers, whose publications don’t have as yet an appropriation of the autonomy, so it is necessary to share the vision of the Intercultural Communication, in order to create commitment from the national journalism aimed at the appropriate visibility of the Caribbean Coast of Nicaragua.
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Comportamiento del mercado turístico extranjero en el Caribe Mexicano
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Dr. Francisco J. Güemes-Ricalde
2009-11-01
Full Text Available El Caribe mexicano atrae visitantes de regiones distintas en diferentes épocas del año. A los prestadores de servicios turísticos les resulta difícil conocer y separar las preferencias de actividades que realizan los visitantes de cada país. Arriban visitantes mexicanos y extranjeros, las preferencias de estos últimos en relación a la demanda de servicios son diferentes. Contrario a lo que se conocía, el estudio de mercado determinó que la demanda mexicana representa un mercado importante en marcadas épocas del año. Se calcula que cada año alrededor de dos millones de turistas nacionales arriban a la Riviera y Costa Maya en la región norte de Quintana Roo. Conocer las preferencias de consumo de los diferentes segmentos de turistas y la forma en que evalúan la posibilidad de demandar los servicios turísticos da la pauta para ofrecérselos en forma diferenciada y adecuada a cada segmento y en relación a cada una de las diversas actividades turísticas que realizan, entre ellas el ecoturismo de la cual poco se conoce en esta región del país.
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Chloroplast evolution in the Pinus montezumae complex: a coalescent approach to hybridization.
Matos, J A; Schaal, B A
2000-08-01
This study addresses the evolutionary history of the chloroplast genomes of two closely related pine species, Pinus hartwegii Lindl. and P. montezumae Lamb (subsect. Ponderosae) using coalescent theory and some of the statistical tools that have been developed from it during the past two decades. Pinus hartwegii and P. montezumae are closely related species in the P. montezumae complex (subsect. Ponderosae) of Mexico and Central America. Pinus hartwegii is a high elevation species, whereas P. montezumae occurs at lower elevations. The two species occur on many of the same mountains throughout Mexico. A total of 350 individuals of P. hartwegii and P. montezumae were collected from Nevado de Colima (Jalisco), Cerro Potosí (Nuevo León), Iztaccihuatl/Popocatepetl (México), and Nevado de Toluca (México). The chloroplast genome of P. hartwegii and P. montezumae was mapped using eight restriction enzymes. Fifty-one different haplotypes were characterized; 38 of 160 restriction sites were polymorphic. Clades of most parsimoniously related chloroplast haplotypes are geographically localized and do not overlap in distribution, and the geographically localized clades of haplotypes include both P. hartwegii and P. montezumae. Some haplotypes in the clades occur in only one of the two species, whereas other haplotypes occur in both species. These data strongly suggest ancient and/or ongoing hybridization between P. hartwegii and P. montezumae and a shared chloroplast genome history within geographic regions of Mexico.
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Menéndez Echavarría, Alfredo Luis
2015-12-01
Full Text Available Objectiu: aquest article presenta categories que mostren tendències investigadores de la ciència de la informació i la biblioteconomia en l'entorn d'Iberoamèrica i el Carib. Les categories han estat producte d'una recerca l'objectiu de la qual es relaciona amb l'anàlisi d'aquests aspectes predictius i prospectius de la disciplina, així com la configuració de l'horitzó d'aquest camp des d'una perspectiva científica. -- Metodologia: l'enfocament que assumeix el projecte és de caràcter mixt, ja que integra l'anàlisi quantitativa i qualitativa, tenint en compte que s'utilitzen tècniques bibliomètriques, i procediments que integren l'ús de variables de mesura i obtenció d'indicadors de producció científica. De la mateixa manera, s'examinen i descriuen els articles seleccionats respecte del seu contingut teoricoepistemològic, recuperats del Web of Science, informació d'Iberoamèrica i del Carib, entre els anys 2009 i 2013, corresponents als títols de revistes que integren la categoria temàticaObjetivo: este artículo presenta categorías que evidencian tendencias investigativas de la ciencia de la información y la bibliotecología en el entorno de Iberoamérica y el Caribe. Estas han sido producto de una investigación cuyo objetivo se relaciona con el análisis de estos aspectos predictivos y prospectivos de la disciplina, así como la configuración del horizonte de este campo desde una perspectiva científica. -- Metodología: el enfoque que asume el proyecto es de carácter mixto, pues integra el análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo, teniendo en cuenta que se utilizan técnicas bibliométricas, y procedimientos que integran el uso de variables de medición y obtención de indicadores de producción científica. De igual modo se examinan y describen los artículos seleccionados respecto de su contenido teórico-epistemológico, recuperados de la Web of Science, información de Iberoamérica y el Caribe, entre los años 2009 y
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LA LIBERTAD DE ELEGIR: POLÍTICA, GOBERNABILIDAD Y POBREZA EN EL CARIBE COLOMBIANO, 1859-1885
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Luis Alarcón Meneses
2012-09-01
Full Text Available Durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX Colombia se organizó a través de un régimen federal (1857-1886, el cual estuvo integrado por nueve entidades territoriales denominadas Estados Soberanos. Dos de esas entidades territoriales reconocidas por la Constitución Federal de 1863 fueron Bolívar y Magdalena. Este artículo analiza el nivel de politización alcanzado por los ciudadanos de los dos. Lo anterior permitirá una aproximación a la sociedad y a la política en lo que hoy llamamos Caribe colombiano. También identificar las prácticas políticas del periodo federal, la presencia lograda por los partidos con sus respectivas facciones en la vida ciudadana y acercarnos a las características más sobresalientes de los Estados Soberanos como entidades político-administrativas.
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Saavedra Fernández, Óscar
2002-06-01
Full Text Available Twenty-two science and technology indicators from twenty countries, compiled by RICyT were used in an exploratory data analysis about the performance of the countries of the region in the field of Agriculture. Caribbean countries exhibit better performance compared with the rest. Results suggest the idea of widening the scope of such analysis for a larger time span.
Veintidós indicadores de ciencia y tecnología producidos por la RICyT, correspondientes a veinte países de América Latina y el Caribe son empleados para realizar un análisis exploratorio de datos sobre el desempeño de los países de la región en Ciencias Agrícolas. Se identificaron los países de la cuenca del Caribe con mejor desempeño que los restantes. Los resultados sugieren la idea de extender este tipo de análisis a otras especialidades abarcando una mayor cantidad de años. -
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Paulo Renato Schneider
2013-11-01
Full Text Available A introdução de espécies florestais de rápido crescimento em áreas com solos arenizados e degradados pode ser uma alternativa tanto para a prevenção como para a minimização desse problema. O trabalho objetivou avaliar o crescimento em altura dominante do Pinus elliottii Engelm. e Pinus taeda L. em relação aos solos arenizados e degradados por ação antrópica, no oeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS. Para isso, foram selecionadas árvores dominantes em povoamentos com 29 anos de idade, em áreas com dois níveis de degradação, as quais foram abatidas e seccionadas pelo método de Smalian para a obtenção de discos de madeira para a análise dendrocronológica e determinação da altura dominante por idade, no período de 1982 a 2010. Os crescimentos em altura dominante dessas espécies, quando comparados entre si e por nível de degradação do solo, apresentaram tendências diferentes de desenvolvimento no tempo, indicando a presença de polimorfismo das curvas.
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Manuel Hung Varela
2014-09-01
Full Text Available La investigación, tiene su origen en la necesidad de conocer, si la unidad de servicio de mantenimiento en la Cadena TRD Caribe Sancti Spíritus, es capaz de satisfacer o no las demandas de la Cadena, ya que se presenta una tendencia al crecimiento en la demanda, así como en las quejas por parte de los clientes que aseveraban largas esperas para ser servidos. Se definió el procedimiento para la simulación por eventos discretos a utilizar (Barceló Bugeda, 1996. Se definieron las fronteras del sistema, se construyó el modelo matemático para el sistema objeto de estudio y se programó en el software especializado Promodel 4.0. Para la simulación del modelo matemático, se recopiló información a través de técnicas como el muestreo aleatorio. El modelo fue verificado y validado (Barceló Bugeda, 1996; Aracil Santonja, 1995. Se simuló el modelo, haciendo uso del método de los lotes. Se procesaron los resultados de la simulación, y se concluyó que la unidad de servicio de mantenimiento no dispone de capacidad suficiente bajo las condiciones actuales para satisfacer las demandas de la cadena TRD Caribe en el territorio de Sancti Spíritus.
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Experiences in the containerized tree seedlings forest nurseries production
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Eduardo González-Izquierdo
2014-12-01
Full Text Available The work summarizes the results of the research carried out by the team of forest nurseries at Sustainable Forest Management Group in Pinar del Río University Forest Research Centre in the last 25 years. The characteristics of seedlings quality are presented, the best growing media, the water management to harden the forest species under the ecological conditions of more and more lingering periods of drought. The studied forest species were: Talipariti elatum (Sw. Fryxell, Pinus tropicalis Morelet , Swietenia mahagon(L.Jacq. Swietenia macrophylla King, Caesalpinia violacea (Mill. Stand, Genipa americana L, Gerascanthus gerascanthoides (Kunth Borhidi y Cedrela odorata L. y Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden. The main results can be summarized in the following way: the size of the containers oscillates between 90 and 300 cubic centimeters; the growing media combines organic and composted components fundamentally of Pinus caribaea and Eucalyptus ssp bark., with proportions that they vary according to the species and the disposability of these components in the nurseries where the plants take place; for the water management hardening procedures were used by watering in last month of the cultivation. In general the economic analyses demonstrated the decrease of the production costs for seedlings with the employment of this novel technology, the same as their advantages on the traditional technology of seedlings production in polybags: humanization of manpower work in forest nursery, reduction of costs production, improvement of produced seedling quality and productivity increase of their workers.
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Impact of the eocene on the evolution of Pinus L.
Constance I. Millar
1993-01-01
Pinus evolved in middle latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere in the middle Mesozoic. By the late Cretaceous pines had spread east and west throughout Laurasia, attaining high diversity in eastern Asia, the eastern United States, and western Europe, but having little representation at high northern latitudes. Changing climates in the early Tertiary...
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Borras, Saturnino; Franco, Jennifer; Kay, Cristóbal; Spoor, Monique
2012-01-01
textabstractIntroducción y mensajes claves Este documento se basa en la investigación empírica que fue encomendada por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (FAO) sobre las condiciones y tendencias del ―acaparamiento de tierras‖ en 17 países de América Latina y el Caribe (véase el Anexo para una lista completa de los estudios, así como el documento síntesis correspondiente; FAO, 2011). Los 17 estudios se concluyeron a mediados de 2011. El marco analítico...
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Ma, Fei; Zhao, Changming; Milne, Richard; Ji, Mingfei; Chen, Litong; Liu, Jianquan
2010-01-01
The homoploid hybrid species Pinus densata is restricted to alpine habitats that exceed the altitude range of its two parental species, Pinus tabulaeformis and Pinus yunnanensis. Alpine habitats usually generate cold-induced water stress in plants. To understand the ecological differentiation between these three species, we examined their physiological responses to drought stress. Potted seedlings of three species were subjected to low, mild, moderate and severe water stress in an automatic-controlled glasshouse. Fifteen indicators of fitness were measured for each species in each treatment, and most of these decreased as drought increased. Pinus densata exhibited higher fitness than both parental species in terms of total dry mass production (TDM) and long-term water use efficiency (WUE(L)) across all treatments; several other ecophysiological traits were also extreme but not across every treatment, and not always in the highest stress treatment. These results indicate that extreme characters that have become well fixed in P. densata, confer a faster seedling growth rate and more efficient water use, which in turn should confer increased drought tolerance. These traits of P. densata likely promoted its ecological separation from its parental species and facilitated its successful colonization and establishment in high-altitude habitats.
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Affonso Celso Gonçalves Junior
2011-11-01
Full Text Available Current research evaluates the efficaciousness of pine (Pinus elliottii bark as adsorbent of the toxic heavy metals cadmium (Cd, lead (Pb and chromium (Cr from aqueous solutions, at two pH conditions: 5.0 and 7.0. Approximately 500 mg of adsorbent material and 50 mL of solution contaminated by Cd, Pb and Cr at different concentrations prepared from standard solutions of each metal were added in 125 mL Erlenmeyer flasks. Flasks were stirred during 3h at 200 rpm at 25ºC. Further, 10 mL aliquots were then retrieved and concentration of metal Cd, Pb and Cr determined by AAS. Adsorption isotherms for each metal were consequently obtained and linearized according to Langmuir and Freundlich’s mathematical models. Results show that the Pinus bark was efficacious in the removal of toxic heavy metals Cd, Pb and Cr from contaminated solutions and that the bark’s adsorption capacity depended on pH solution.
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Laboratory Evaluation of the Anti-stain Efficacy of Crude Wood Vinegar for Pinus densiflora
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Sabiha Salim
2016-12-01
Full Text Available In Korea, Pinus densiflora is one of the most important indigenous tree species in terms of making high-value wood products. Therefore, Korean sawmills exercise extreme caution to prevent fungal discoloration such as that caused by sapstains and molds on the timber. In this study, the effectiveness of using natural crude wood vinegar to inhibit sapstains and molds, especially on Pinus densiflora (Japanese red pine was examined. Pinus densiflora wood samples were dipped in absolute and diluted wood vinegar at different concentrations (1:1, 2:1, and 3:1; deionized water to wood vinegar dilution ratio for 3 minutes and immediately air-dried. In addition, volatile wood vinegar was also used in this study to imitate the condition of wood vinegar when exposed to open air. The degree of discoloration was examined and evaluated every 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks according to the ASTM D4445-91 Standard Method for laboratory test. Crude wood vinegar inhibited sapstains more efficiently than it inhibited molds. Wood vinegar at a 1:1 concentration was found to be the most optimum treatment for inhibiting sapstains for at least 8 weeks.
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Diabetes in the English-speaking Caribbean La diabetes en el Caribe de habla inglesa
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Anselm Hennis
2004-02-01
Full Text Available Rates of diabetes mellitus in the English-speaking Caribbean have been rising in recent years, and they are projected to continue climbing in the new millennium. Prevalence rates across countries of the African diaspora mirror levels of Western acculturation, and available data emphasize the importance of obesity as a modifiable risk factor. The population-based Barbados Eye Studies have provided new information about the burden of ocular complications of diabetes such as retinopathy and lens opacities. Diabetes was shown to increase the risk of lens opacities, and 14% of prevalent cataract was attributed to diabetes. Persons with type 1 diabetes were particularly at increased risk of retinopathy, as a result of longer durations of illness and poor glycemic control. Other Caribbean studies have suggested that glycemic control in patients evaluated in various clinical settings is suboptimal, which raises important concerns about quality of care. Diabetics are at increased risk of mortality compared with nondiabetics, and that mortality risk increases with higher baseline levels of glycosylated hemoglobin, even among nondiabetics. These data highlight the need for urgent attention to public health and clinical strategies to prevent diabetes in unaffected persons as well as to prevent or reduce the burden of complications among those who are affected. Among the measures that should be adopted to stem the flood of diabetes in the Caribbean region are lifestyle interventions to promote better nutrition and to increase exercise; patient education, particularly about the central role of diabetes self-management; and the multidisciplinary team approach in the provision of care.Las tasas de diabetes mellitus en los países del Caribe de habla inglesa se han venido incrementando en los últimos años y se espera que continúen aumentando en el nuevo milenio. Las tasas de prevalencia en los países receptores de la diáspora africana reflejan los niveles
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Marta Silva Pertuz
2017-01-01
Full Text Available El objetivo del presente estudio fue identi car cuáles son los factores que subyacen a la violencia familiar (conyugal/ pa- reja en las ciudades de Cartagena y Barranquilla en el Caribe Colombiano. Los participantes fueron dieciséis parejas en cada una de las dos ciudades, contexto de este trabajo; igualmente profesionales de diferentes disciplinas que vienen trabajando con esta patología familiar, doce en Barranquilla y once en Cartagena. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el Cuestionario para la Detección de la Violencia en las relaciones de pareja (Autor: Soriano, Díaz Andrés (2006. N° GR2760/2006, Universidad De Granada (España, entrevista estructurada con dieciséis preguntas abiertas aplicada a profesionales; formato de registro de un grupo focal con estudiantes de diversas profesiones próximos a egresar y formato sobre registros de la observación participante. En los hallazgos se observa la tendencia hacia el maltrato psicológico-emocional, principalmente por el contexto cultural que normaliza / normatiza el poder o in uencia del hombre sobre la mujer; como lo indican las cifras en relación con la mayor- mente explicitada violencia sexual (entre otras violencias en la pareja, a pesar del aumento de los registros en Medicina Legal y Fiscalía por agresión sexual, estos resultados muestran que aún no se es capaz de denunciar tales abusos o lo toman como parte de las “obligaciones maritales”.Palabras clave: Violencia familiar, violencia de pareja, Cartagena, Barranquilla, Caribe ColombianoAbstract the aim of the present study was identi ed which are the factors that sublie to the familiar violence (conyugal/pair in the cities of Cartagena and Barranquilla in the Colombian Caribbean. e participants were sixteen pairs in each of two cities, context of this work; equally professionals of di erent disciplines who come working with this familiar pathology, twelve in Barranquilla and eleven in Cartagena. e used
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Genomic DNA extraction from sapwood of Pinus roxburghii for ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Ashish
2013-02-22
Feb 22, 2013 ... A method for extraction of genomic DNA from sapwood tissues of mature tall trees of Pinus roxburghii, .... DNA as a template. PCR was performed on a thermal cycler. (Biorad, Mycycler) incorporating 10 ng genomic DNA to a 25 µl reaction mix containing 1X Taq buffer, 3 mM MgCl2, 0.2 mM each of dNTPs ...
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Evaluation of seed production of scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
This research was carried out to investigate seed production in a 13 years-old scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) clonal seed orchard, including 30 clones. Eight of cone and seed traits as number of fertile and infertile scales, cone volume, cone number, filled and empty seed number, seed efficiency and 1000 seed weight were ...
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Dilmar Baretta
2005-10-01
Full Text Available O presente estudo objetivou avaliar o impacto da queima tradicional de campo nativo e do monocultivo de Pinus sp. em Lages (SC, no CO total do solo (COT, carbono da biomassa microbiana (CBM, respiração basal (C-CO2, quociente metabólico microbiano (qCO2 e relação CBM:COT. Foram selecionadas quatro áreas representativas da região, de 0,5 ha cada, sendo: (a Campo nativo, sem queima nos últimos 50 anos (CN; (b Campo nativo submetido à queima tradicional (CNQ, ambas, pastagens naturais; (c Mata natural com predominância de Araucaria angustifolia (MATA; e (d Reflorestamento de Pinus taeda com oito anos (PINUS. Para tanto, coletaram-se seis amostras, compostas de nove subamostras de solo em cada área, na profundidade de 0-5 cm, em dezembro de 2002. Para avaliar o CBM, foi utilizado o método da fumigação-extração. O C-CO2 foi determinado em laboratório. Os maiores valores de liberação de C-CO2 foram encontrados na MATA e no PINUS, seguidos de CNQ e CN, respectivamente. Os maiores valores de CBM, COT e relação CBM:COT foram encontrados na MATA, não tendo as demais áreas estudadas apresentado diferenças entre si. O qCO2 foi maior no PINUS, seguido de CNQ, em comparação com MATA e CN. A análise multivariada mostrou ser uma ferramenta auxiliar importante ao discriminar o CBM como sendo o atributo que mais contribuiu na separação entre as áreas estudadas.The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of burning native pastures and of cultivating Pinus sp in monoculture in Lages, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Total organic carbon (TOC, microbial biomass carbon (MBC, microbial basal respiration (C-CO2, the microbial metabolic quotient (qCO2, and the ratio MBC/TOC were analyzed. Four representative areas of the region with 0.5 ha each were selected: (a native pasture without burning for at least 50 years (NP; (b native pasture burnt off every year (NPF; (c natural forest (NF with predominance of Araucaria angustifolia
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Zlatko Liber
2014-01-01
Full Text Available Intra- and interpopulational relationships and taxonomic status of six natural black pine populations (Pinus nigra Arnold from Croatia were analyzed. Special attention in this research was paid to the establishment of taxonomic status and distribution of stenoendemic Dalmatian black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold subsp. dalmatica (Vis. Franco. Three morphological and twenty-one anatomical traits of needles were used as well as analysis by the methods of multivariate statistics. Most of the researched individuals showed strong population affiliation, whereas a clinal transition of morphological and anatomical traits of needles was determined among the populations. The opinion of the existence of three subspecies of black pine on the territory of Republic of Croatia (Pinus nigra Arnold subsp. nigra, Pinus nigra Arnold subsp. dalmatica (Vis. Franco and Pinus nigra Arnold subsp. illyrica (Vid. Fukarek was confirmed. For each of the three subspecies new ranges were represented. Four Croatian populations were included in the stenoendemic subspecies of the Dalmatian black pine (Brač, Hvar, Grobnik and Pelješac, and a new distribution, broken in two, was suggested. Since the Dalmatian black pine has been reduced to several populations only, and there are some signs of continuous diminishing of its range, this research points out the need of making an action plan to preserve all natural populations of this subspecies.
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Rudy A Salas Tathum
2018-02-01
Full Text Available El estudio se realizó en el laboratorio natural Snaki ubicado en el la comunidad de Moss, municipio de Waspam, Región Autónoma de la Costa Caribe Norte. Se ha diagnosticado la ornitofauna en los ecosistemas bosque ripario, bosque latifoliado, área agrícola y área pecuaria del laboratorio natural Snaki-URACCAN. Se realizaron transectos lineales y entrevistas informales a cazadores de la zona que permitió crear un listado de aves y su estado de conservación. Los resultados de los diferentes ecosistemas re ejaron la existencia de 49 diferentes especies de aves, pertenecientes a 23 familias y 12 órde- nes. Las especies representativas son: Aratinga nana, Cyanocorax Morio, Ramphocelus Passerinii, Quiscalus nicaraguensis, Procnias tricarunculata, Tachyponus rufus. Al com- parar los índices de diversidad, Shannon y Simpson encontraron similitudes en sus resultados, existiendo una diversidad considerable en el bosque, principalmente en el de galería.
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Radial variation of wood physical properties in Pinus patula growing in Mozambique
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Claudio Gumane Francisco Juizo
2015-09-01
Full Text Available This study aimed to evaluate wood physical properties of Pinus patula, aged 38, from a forest stand located in Machipanda, central region of Mozambique. Determination of physical properties, such as basic specific gravity, shrinkage, and moisture content of wood in the pith-bark followed the recommendations of the Panamerican Standard - COPANT. Results showed statistically significant differences at significance level of 5%, in the radial direction for the shrinkage coefficient in the pith-bark. Radial and tangential shrinkage values were 6.06 and 8.80% in juvenile wood and 6.18 and 8.65% in adult wood, respectively, with anisotropy coefficient of 1.43 for juvenile wood and 2.44 for adult wood. Pinus patula growing in Inhamacari forest shows stable wood at age 38. It can be used for structural purposes and for manufacture of joinery and furniture.
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Sofia Lissbrant
2014-01-01
Este trabajo presenta tres Buenas Prácticas que pueden brindar soluciones a la situación alarmante de inseguridad alimentaria y desnutrición que existe en la región Caribe colombiana, a pesar de tener alta potencialidad de producción de alimentos. Para identificar las Buenas Prácticas se indagaron a cerca de 400 profesionales de entidades públicas, privadas y ONG. Esa encuesta reveló tres ejemplos destacados de Buenas Prácticas que, con métodos distintos, generaron cambios positivos en la Seg...
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Nakazawa, Fumio; Uetake, Jun; Motoyama, Hideaki; Imura, Satoshi; Kanda, Hiroshi; Suyama, Yoshihisa; Kaneko, Ryo; Takeuchi, Nozomu; Fujita, Koji
2013-01-01
Pollen taxon in sediment samples can be identified by analyzing pollen morphology. Identification of related species based on pollen morphology is difficult and is limited primarily to genus or family. Because pollen grains of various ages are preserved at below 0 °C in glaciers and thus are more likely to remain intact or to suffer little DNA fragmentation, genetic information from such pollen grains should enable identification of plant taxa below the genus level. However, no published studies have attempted detailed identification using DNA sequences obtained from pollen found in glaciers. As a preliminary step, this study attempted to analyze the DNA of Pinus pollen grains extracted from surface snow collected from the Belukha glacier in the Altai Mountains of Russia in the summer of 2003. A 150-bp rpoB fragment from the chloroplast genome in each Pinus pollen grain was amplified by polymerase chain reaction, and DNA products were sequenced to identify them at the section level. A total of 105 pollen grains were used for the test, and sequences were obtained from eight grains. From the sequences obtained, the pollen grains were identified as belonging to the section Quinquefoliae. Trees of the extant species Pinus sibirica in the section Quinquefoliae are currently found surrounding the glacier. The consistency of results for this section suggests that the pollen in the glacier originated from the same Pinus trees as those found in the immediate surroundings. (letter)
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Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database
Mácová, Marcela
2001-01-01
Roč. 19, č. 1 (2001), s. 103-113 ISSN 1125-7865 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IAA6005801 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z6005908 Keywords : dendroclimatology * Pinus strobus * Pinus sylvestris Subject RIV: EF - Botanics
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Extraction and evaluation of condensed tannins from bark of eleven species of trees from Costa Rica
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Aguilar Lopez, Jorge; Vega Guzman, Ileana; Borbon Alpizar, Henry; Soto Fallas, Roy Mario; Jaen Jimenez, Jean Carlo; Vargas Abarca, Ana Sofia; Jimenez Bonilla, Pablo; Herrera Nunez, Jacqueline
2012-01-01
A study is made regarding the nature and the amount of condensed tannin which can extract of bark from 11 tree species present in Costa Rica: guanacaste (Enterolobium cyclocarpum), cork oak (Licania arborea), jobo (Spondias mombin), pochote (Pachira quinata), loquat (Manilkara chicle), almond (Andira inermis), oak (Tabebuia rosea), cedar (Cedrela odorata), cenizaro (Samanea saman), pine (Pinus caribaea) and cypress (Cupressus lusitanica). The cortex samples were prepared, dried and extracted with ethanol. The ethanolic extracts were analyzed for condensed tannin content through the number of Stiasny, and characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The species with the highest proportion of extracted material were: guanacaste (9.5841% w/w), pochote (15.0066% w/w), pine (19.3400% w/w) and cypress (10.5300% w/w). The extracts with a higher proportion of condensed tannins have been: cork oak (61.9% w/w), jobo (66.1% w/w), pochote (72.8% w/w), loquat (50.5% w/w), cedar (72.7% w/w) and pine (70.7% w/w). (author) [es
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William C. Parker; Ken A. Elliott; Daniel C. Dey; Eric Boysen; Steven G. Newmaster
2001-01-01
The effects of thinning on growth and survival of white pine (Pinus strobus L.), white ash (Fraxinus americana L.), and red oak (Quercus rubra L.), and understory plant diversity were examined in a young red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) plantation. Five years after thinning, seedling diameter,...
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Isabel Sandra Kleinpaul
2005-12-01
Full Text Available O presente estudo objetivou determinar a suficiência amostral para coletas de serapilheira acumulada sobre o solo em povoamentos de Pinus elliottii, Eucalyptus sp., ambos plantados no Campus da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria e em uma área de Floresta Estacional Decidual (FED localizada no Morro do Elefante, Santa Maria, RS. Para a realização do estudo, foram coletadas 100 amostras de serapilheira por floresta, com o auxílio de uma moldura quadrada de 25 cm de lado, totalizando 300 amostras, as quais foram separadas nas seguintes frações: acículas ou folhas, galhos, estruturas reprodutivas, cascas e resíduos. Com base nos pesos de matéria seca de cada fração, realizou-se a análise estatística dos dados, visando à estabilização dos valores do coeficiente de variação (CV%. Para Pinus elliottii, a maior contribuição na formação da serapilheira foi dada pelas acículas, com 57,2%; em Eucalyptus sp., isso ocorreu com os galhos (38,8% e na FED, novamente com as folhas, que representaram 49,6% da serapilheira. No Pinus elliottii, o maior CV% se deu nos resíduos, seguido de estruturas reprodutivas. Em Eucalyptus sp., o maior CV% foi encontrado em cascas, seguido de galhos. Na FED, as cascas tiveram o maior CV%. A suficiência amostral necessária para Pinus elliottii foi de 40, sendo esse o povoamento que necessitou de menos amostras para estabilizar o CV%. Em Eucalyptus sp., a suficiência amostral foi de 70, enquanto na FED foram necessárias 80 amostras.This study determined the sample sufficiency for the collection of litter accumulated on the soil, in Pinus elliottii and Eucalyptus sp. stands, planted in the Campus of the Federal University of Santa Maria and a Seasonal Deciduous Forest, located at the "Morro do Elefante", Santa Maria - RS. To carry out this study, 100 samples were collected per site, using a square frame (25 cm², totaling 300 samples. The samples were separated in the following fractions: needles or
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De la vida silvestre a la colonización mecanizada en el Caribe colombiano
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Mario Mejía Gutiérrez
1990-01-01
Full Text Available En el período 1958 - 1975 el autor residió durante catorce años en diversas localidades del Caribe Colombiano, desempeñando diferentes labores, particularmente en los terrenos de la investigación agropecuaria y pesquera. Así, las páginas siguientes son resumen de una voluminosa información recogida por el autor como primer director de investigaciones del Instituto de Fomento Algodonero en Codazzi, donde construyó la Estación Experimental La Europa; como uno de los creadores del Departamento de Economía Agropecuaria y Pesquera de la C V M en Barranquilla; como Asesor del Departamento Técnico de la Corporación Financiera del Norte en Barranquilla; como primer director colombiano por INDERENA del Instituto Colombiano-Alemán de Investigaciones de Punta Betín en Santa Marta; como promotor-fundador de la Facultad de Ingeniería Pesquera en la Universidad Tecnológica del Magdalena; como Director de los Parques Salamanca y Tayrona; como Jefe de Exportación de Fauna en Inderena, Barranquilla.. .
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Paulo Renato Schneider
2014-09-01
Full Text Available Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de estudar o desempenho do Pinus elliottii Engelm. e Pinus taeda L. em áreas arenizadas e degradadas por ação antrópica, na região da fronteira oeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Em povoamentos, foram selecionadas árvores médias, que foram abatidas e seccionadas pelo método de Smalian, a fim de obter discos de madeira para a análise dendrocronológica, para a obtenção do diâmetro por idade. O crescimento em diâmetro, quando comparado entre espécies, apresentou tendências diferentes de níveis de desenvolvimento no tempo. O uso de variáveis dummy no modelo de crescimento permitiu definir uma equação única para estimar o diâmetro em função da idade para ambas as espécies, considerando os níveis de degradação do solo médio e baixo, como variáveis necessárias para estimar o crescimento destas espécies nestes tipos de solos arenizados e degradados.
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Helio Tonini
2002-04-01
Full Text Available Este trabalho teve como objetivos estudar o crescimento em altura dominante para Pinus elliottii e Pinus taeda, mediante comparações entre as curvas de índice de sítio construídas para algumas regiões do estado do Rio Grande do Sul e outros Estados da Federação. Essas comparações indicaram que as curvas feitas por Tonini (2000 para as regiões da Serra do Sudeste e Litoral no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, não apresentaram o mesmo desenvolvimento em relação às curvas feitas por Scolforo e Machado (1988, para os estados do Paraná e Santa Catarina; Brasil (1989a, para a região de Passo Fundo RS, Marcolin (1990, para o Segundo Planalto Paranaense e Selle (1993, para a região de Cambará do Sul. No entanto, o comportamento em relação às curvas de índice de sítio feitas por Brasil (1989b, para a região de São Francisco de Paula mostraram-se semelhantes, havendo somente uma diferença de nível entre estas.
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Experimental study of Pinus densiflora Siebold et Zuccarini on Hyperlipidemia and lipid in Rats
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Kim, Dae-Hyun
2007-02-01
Full Text Available In order to study the effects of Pinus densiflora on hyperlipidemia and lipid in rats, we divided the rats into groups(Normal group, Control group and Sample group and perfomed the experimental research. Hyperlipidemia and lipid in rats were induced by high fat diets for 8weeks. The sample group was administerd the extract of Pinus densiflora for 14 days and control group was administerd equal dose of oral. And then we measured the amount of serum triglyceride, Total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, Free Fatty Acid, phospholipid, Insuline, Laptin, Body weight, epididymis fat weight & rate, epididymis fat cell, Cardiac Risk Factor(CRF. The results were as followers : 1. Sample Group showed decreasing effects on Total cholesterol, Trigylceride, LDL-cholesterol, and Phospholipid levels in serum and CRF significantly. 2. Sample Group showed increasing effects on HDL-cholesterol level in serum significantly. 3. Sample Group showed decreasing effects on Insuline in serum significantly. 4. Sample Group showed increasing effects on Laptin in serum significantly. 5. Sample Group showed decreasing effects on Body weight, epididymis fat weight & rate, epididymis fat cell significantly. According to the above results, Pinus densiflora showed significant decreasing effects on hyperlipidemia and lipid in rats, it is considered that it is appropriate to apply for hyperlipidemia, obesity.
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Marija Karapandzova
2012-03-01
Full Text Available Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of needle essential oil, obtained by hydrodistillation from wild Pinus peuce Griseb. (Pinaceae, growing on three different locations in R. Macedonia were investigated in period 2008/2009. Carried out GC/FID/MS analysis, one hundred and three constituents were identified belonging to the six different classes of components: monoterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated sesquiterpenes, diterpenes and other non-terpene components, representing 88.61/94.04% of the entire oil. The most abundant constituents were α-pinene (12.89/27.34%, β-pinene (6.16/13.13%, limonene + β-phellandrene (2.09/6.64% and bornyl acetate (2.92/11.67% as well as trans-(E-caryophyllene (4.63/7.13% and germacrene D (8.75/20.14%. Antimicrobial screening of Pinus peuce needle essential oil was made by hole-plate diffusion and broth dilution method against 13 bacterial isolates of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and one strain of Candida albicans. The most sensitive bacteria against tested Pinus peuce essential oils were Streptococcus pneumonia encompassing Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Acinetobacter spp. and Streptococcus pyogenes. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs of the oils ranged from 7.5- 62.5 µl/ml.
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De Novo Sequencing and Assembly Analysis of Transcriptome in Pinus bungeana Zucc. ex Endl.
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Qifei Cai
2018-03-01
Full Text Available To enrich the molecular data of Pinus bungeana Zucc. ex Endl. and study the regulating factors of different morphology controled by apical dominance. In this study, de novo assembly of transcriptome annotation was performed for two varieties of Pinus bungeana Zucc. ex Endl. that are obviously different in morphology. More than 147 million reads were produced, which were assembled into 88,092 unigenes. Based on a similarity search, 11,692 unigenes showed significant similarity to proteins from Picea sitchensis (Bong. Carr. From this collection of unigenes, a large number of molecular markers were identified, including 2829 simple sequence repeats (SSRs. A total of 158 unigenes expressed differently between two varieties, including 98 up-regulated and 60 down-regulated unigenes. Furthermore, among the differently expressed genes (DEGs, five genes which may impact the plant morphology were further validated by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR. The five genes related to cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX, two-component response regulator ARR-A family (ARR-A, plant hormone signal transduction (AHP, and MADS-box transcription factors have a close relationship with apical dominance. This new dataset will be a useful resource for future genetic and genomic studies in Pinus bungeana Zucc. ex Endl.
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Violencia, crimen y desarrollo social en América Latina y el Caribe
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Mayra Buvinic
2005-01-01
Full Text Available América Latina y el Caribe registran, después de África Subsahariana, las tasas de homicidio más altas del planeta. La violencia representa costos monetarios directos para los gobiernos de la región que alcanzan varios puntos del producto interno bruto. Los impactos negativos de la violencia en el desarrollo económico y social no se limitan a estos gastos incurridos que ocupan valiosos recursos que podrían utilizarse en proyectos de salud y educación, sino que incluyen la reducción de la productividad de la fuerza de trabajo, reducciones en la acumulación de capital humano y capital social y reducciones en las tasas de ahorro e inversión. Los objetivos de este artículo son: ofrecer un diagnóstico sobre la situación de la violencia en la región, reseñar los impactos negativos de la violencia para el desarrollo y contribuir con el establecimiento de prioridades dentro de una agenda de investigación sobre la violencia en la región.
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Climate-related genetic variation in a threatened tree species, Pinus albicaulis
Marcus V. Warwell; Ruth G. Shaw
2017-01-01
PREMISE OF THE STUDY: With ongoing climate change, understanding of intraspecific adaptive variation is critical for conservation and restoration of plant species. Such information is especially scarce for threatened and endangered tree species, such as Pinus albicaulis Engelm. Therefore, our principal aims were to assess adaptive variation and characterize its...
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Assessing the gene content of the megagenome: sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana)
Daniel Gonzalez-Ibeas; Pedro J. Martinez-Garcia; Randi A. Famula; Annette Deflino-Mix; Kristian A. Stevens; Carol A. Loopstra; Charles H. Landley; David B. Neale; Jill L. Wegryzn
2016-01-01
Sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana Douglas) is within the subgenus Strobus with an estimated genome size of 31 Gbp. Transcriptomic resources are of particular interest in conifers due to the challenges presented in their megagenomes for gene identification. In this study, we present the first comprehensive survey of the P. lambertiana...
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Huellas de las religiones tradicionales del África subsahariana en América Latina y el Caribe
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Lazaro Cabrera Thompson
2008-01-01
Full Text Available El artículo explora las religiones tradicionales practicadas por los pueblos ewe-mina, ewe-fon, bantú y yoruba del África subsahariana, antes de abordar las formas como estas prácticas religiosas persisten en el “Nuevo Mundo” tras la llegada forzosa de aquellos esclavizados africanos. Con base en la presencia de estas religiones tradicionales africanas en distintos países latinoamericanos y caribeño, se evidencia un conjunto religioso fusionado por historias, mitos, leyendas, danza, música, etc. de ascendencia africana y se hace un llamado a los/ as investigadores/as, que desde América Latina y el Caribe, indagan sobre las religiones tradicionales yoruba, para que franqueen los límites de Nigeria con el fin de abarcar a toda la diáspora yoruba.
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Claudia Amigo
2013-12-01
Full Text Available ¿Qué papel tiene la escritura en un relato de infancia? El presente artículo intenta responder esa pregunta a partir de la lectura de tres narrativas de inspiración autobiográfica del Caribe: Chemin d'école [Camino a la escuela] (1994, de Patrick Chamoiseau; Una casa para Mr. Biswas, de V.S. Naipaul (1961 y Le coeur à rire et à pleurer [Un corazón que ríe y llora] (1999, de Maryse Condé. En todas esas obras observamos los momentos en que la escritura se torna un problema para los personajes-niños y relacionamos esos episodios con la imagen de la cicatriz. Hacia el final, esbozamos una relación posible entre esa imagen y el concepto de glocalización, de Zygmunt Bauman.
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Hakan Şevik
2015-02-01
Full Text Available Pinus brutia Ten., Red pine, known to be tough drought resistant pine specie, could effectively be used for afforestation of disturbed areas. It is of great interest for the afforestation in arid zones. Appropriate seed sources for the specific areas guarantees reforestation success. Away from its native areas Pinus brutia Ten. is planted for its ornamental value and timber production purposes. Selection of drought resistant provenances can very well increase the survival success. In this study, the effects of water potential on germination were studied in fourteen provenances of Pinus brutia Ten. from Turkey. Water potentials between 0 and -8 bars were obtained using polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG-6000 solutions. Seeds were kept for 35 day at 20 ± 0.5°C. A decrease in water potential produced a marked reduction in germination percentage and germination value. As a result, significant variations between the provenances were found. It was determined that, under a -8 bar water stress, Isparta-Bucak and Mersin-Silifke, respectively corresponding to 58% and 57% of the control group, were the least water stress affected provenances.
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Numerical simulations of fire spread in a Pinus pinaster needles fuel bed
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Menage, D; Chetehouna, K; Mell, W
2012-01-01
The main aim of this paper is to extend the cases of WFDS model validation by comparing its predictions to literature data on a ground fire spreading in a Pinus pinaster needles fuel bed. This comparison is based on the experimental results of Mendes-Lopes and co-workers. This study is performed using the same domain as in the experiments (3.0m×1.2m×0.9m) with a mesh of 49,280 cells. We investigate the influence of wind (varied between 0 and 2 m/s) and moisture content (10 and 18%) on the rate of spread. The WFDS rate of spread is determined using a cross-correlation function of ground temperature profiles. The simulated rate of spread, as well as temperature, compared favourably to experimental values and show the WFDS model capacity to predict ground fires in Pinus Pinaster fuel beds.
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Numerical simulations of fire spread in a Pinus pinaster needles fuel bed
Menage, D.; Chetehouna, K.; Mell, W.
2012-11-01
The main aim of this paper is to extend the cases of WFDS model validation by comparing its predictions to literature data on a ground fire spreading in a Pinus pinaster needles fuel bed. This comparison is based on the experimental results of Mendes-Lopes and co-workers. This study is performed using the same domain as in the experiments (3.0m×1.2m×0.9m) with a mesh of 49,280 cells. We investigate the influence of wind (varied between 0 and 2 m/s) and moisture content (10 and 18%) on the rate of spread. The WFDS rate of spread is determined using a cross-correlation function of ground temperature profiles. The simulated rate of spread, as well as temperature, compared favourably to experimental values and show the WFDS model capacity to predict ground fires in Pinus Pinaster fuel beds.
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Bioecology of the fungus Sphaeropsis sapinea dyko & Sutton - agents of pinus species decline
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Milijašević Tanja
2002-01-01
Full Text Available Sphaeropsis sapinea is a cosmopolitan fungus, identified in more than 50 countries of the world, on all continents, but it is primarily the species of warm lands. It is also a polyphagous fungus recorded from 11 coniferous genera. The most endangered and the most frequent host plants are Pinus species - it occurs on 48 pine species, among which the most susceptible are Pinus Radiata, P. nigra, P. sylvestris, P. ponderosa, P. resinosa, P. mugo, P. pinaster and P. elliotti. The greatest damage is caused on the introduced Pinus species and on those cultivated in artificial plantations, shelterbelts and in urban environments. In Yugoslavia S. sapinea is widely distributed both in the continental and in the Mediterranean parts. It was identified from ten pine species and six hosts from other coniferous genera. By the study in our country, the new hosts of this fungus were detected - Pinus jeffrey, P. peuce and P. heldreichii. The most endangered species in our country is Austrian pine, both in urban environments, and in plantations The symptoms of the disease are bud wilt, curling, stunting and necrosis of current year shoots and needles, dieback of top shoots, parts of crown or tree tops, branch and stem bark canker, root collar rot on the young plants in nurseries and their dying. This fungus also prevents seed germination of Pinus species and causes blue sap stain of the freshly cut wood, although sap stain was also observed on standing trees. More rarely it causes root rot and crown wilt of Pinus species. The main symptoms of infection, both of young plants and older trees, are the dieback of current year shoots S. sapinea can penetrate through buds, bark of young shoots and needles. The critical time of infection is the period from mid April to mid May. Then infection mainly penetrates through the bark of young shoots, which results in their dying. Infection through the needles occurs mainly at the time of their sudden growth or during summer
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RANGEL BUITRAGO NELSON
2010-05-01
Full Text Available La evolución reciente del Caribe colombiano está asociada, entre otras causas, a una marcada influencia antropogénica sobre la morfología litoral. A lo largo de los 30 municipios costeros que conforman esta región, se encuentran áreas intervenidas por el hombre que al mismo tiempo son afectadas por retrocesos significativos en su línea de costa. La tendencia erosiva predominante es influenciada y multiplicada, en muchos de los casos, por una expansión humana desorganizada y los fenómenos que ésta trae consigo. Un análisis general en algunas áreas permitió identificar acciones realizadas por el hombre, su influencia e sus impactos negativos sobre la geomorfofogía y evolución reciente del sistema litoral
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La formalización del voluntariado juvenil en Nicaragua en el contexto de América Latina y el Caribe
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René Olate
2009-12-01
Full Text Available EL ARTÍCULO SE BASA EN UNA INVESTIGACIÓN QUE UTILIZA LA TEORÍA de los orígenes sociales de la sociedad civil (Salamon & Anheier, 1998 y el concepto de formalización para analizar los programas de voluntariado juvenil en Nicaragua. Describe el nivel de formalización de los mismos y lo compara con el de otros países de la subregióny de América Latina y el Caribe. También analiza la relación existente entre la formalización y orientación de estos programas y un conjunto de variables a nivel de programa, organización y país.
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Chemical, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Investigations of Pinus cembra L. Bark and Needles
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Anca Miron
2011-09-01
Full Text Available The chemical constituents and biological activity of Pinus cembra L. (Pinaceae, native to the Central European Alps and the Carpathian Mountains, are not well known. The aim of the present work was to examine the phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of hydromethanolic extracts of Pinus cembra L. bark and needles. Bark extract had higher concentrations of total phenolics (299.3 vs. 78.22 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract, flavonoids (125.3 vs. 19.84 mg catechin equivalents/g extract and proanthocyanidins (74.3 vs. 12.7 mg cyanidin equivalents/g extract than needle extract and was more active as a free radical scavenger, reducing agent and antimicrobial agent. The EC50 values in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid diammonium salt (ABTS and reducing power assays were 71.1, 6.3 and 26 mg/mL for bark extract and 186.1, 24 and 104 mg/mL for needle extract, respectively. In addition, needle extract showed ferrous ions chelating effects (EC50 = 1,755 μg/mL. The antimicrobial effects against Staphylococcus aureus, Sarcina lutea, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans were assessed by the agar diffusion method. Both extracts (4 mg/well were active against all the microorganisms tested; bark extract showed higher inhibition on all strains. These results indicate that Pinus cembra L. bark and needles are good sources of phytochemicals with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.
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The wood quality of Pinus chiapensis (Mart.) Andresen grown in the ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
The wood quality of Pinus chiapensis (Mart.) Andresen grown in the Mpumalanga forest region: scientific paper. ... When present, the amounts of included resin, pieces of bark and other debris at the occluded pruning cuts, were small and of little practical significance. The wood machined without any difficulty in the wet and ...
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R.A. Icaza Garza (Rosalba)
2007-01-01
textabstractIntroducción: El 11 de Mayo del 2006, en el marco de la 4ª. Cumbre de Jefes de Estado y de Gobierno de América Latina, el Caribe y la Unión Europea (ALCUE) los y las representantes oficiales posaron para la tradicional foto del recuerdo.1 Instantes previos al fin de esta actividad,
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The complete plastid genome of Bunge's pine Pinus bungeana (Pinaceae).
Li, Zhong-Hu; Zhu, Juan; Yang, Yi-Xin; Yang, Jie; He, Jing-Wen; Zhao, Gui-Fang
2016-07-01
The complete nucleotide sequence of Bunge's pine Pinus bungeana Zucc. ex Endl. chloroplast genome (cp DNA) was determined in this study. The cpDNA was 117 861 bp in length, containing a pair of 475 bp inverted repeat regions (IRa and IRb), which were separated by large and small single copy regions (LSC and SSC) of 65 373 and 51 538 bp, respectively. The cpDNA contained 111 genes, including 71 protein-coding genes (71 PCG species), 4 ribosomal RNA genes (4 rRNA species) and 36 tRNA genes (32 tRNA species). In these genes, 13 harbored a single intron and 1 (ycf3) contained a couple of introns. The overall AT content of Bunge's pine cpDNA is 61.2%, while the corresponding values of the LSC, SSC and IR regions are 61.9%, 60.2% and 62.5%, respectively. A phylogenetic reconstruction based on the maximum parsimony analysis suggested that all the sampled Pinus species clustered a monophyletic clade and have a high bootstrap support, and the cpDNA of P. bungeana is closely related to that of congeneric P. gerardiana.
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Mariola Espinosa
2015-03-01
Full Text Available Este artículo define la historia global en relación con historia de la medicina y la salud pública. Defiende que una aproximación global a la historia abre un espacio para reverberaciones transmitidas desde la periferia geográfica hacia regiones occidentales, las cuales, tradicionalmente, han dominado la historiografía moderna. Analiza dos intervenciones médicas, en el Caribe, a finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX, y señala que estos sucesos tuvieron profundas consecuencias en los EEUU. Los logros alcanzados en el Caribe, en lo relativo al control de la fiebre amarilla y del anquilostoma, además de servir de modelo para campañas sanitarias en el sur de los EEUU, impulsaron la centralización de la salud pública norteamericana bajo el control centralizador del gobierno federal.
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Pinus Culminicola Andresen y Beaman y sus asociaciones en la ladera sur del cerro La Viga, Coahuila
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Rubén Sánchez Silva
1990-01-01
Full Text Available Pinus culminicola was described in 1961 with samples from the Cerro Potosí, State of Nuevo León, Mexico. The species was reported in the Sierras La Marta in 1962, and San Antonio de las Alazanas in 1975, State of Coahuila, indicating that there were not pure associations. In 1979 the species was colected in the Sierra La Viga, Coahuila, at 3 300 m, without data on environmental conditions in which it grows. The distribution of P. culminicola is restricted to the south slope of the Cerro La Viga. The associations identified and described in this paper are: (1 Scrub of Quercus rugosa – Quercus durifolia – Cercocarpus montanus with elements of P. culminicola; (2 Pinus montezumae–Pseudotsuga macrolepisy with elements of P. culminicola, Quercus spp. and Arbutus xalapensis (3 P. culminicola– Quercus rugosa (both of them as shrubs; (4 P. montezumac–P. macrolepis–Pinus ayacahuite–P. culminicola; (5 pure scrub of P. culminicola; (6 P. culminicola– Dasylirion tezanum (sometimes with Arctostaphylos pungens and Quercus spp., shrublike; (7 Pinus hartwegii–P. culminicola; (8 P. hartwegii with elements of P. macrolepis and P. culminicola; and (9 induced prairie. There are differences in dominance of the species in accordance to the particular characteristics of each place, with presence of herbaceous from high altitudes. The altitude at which these associations occur, varies from 2 900 m to 3 700 m, although isolated elements of P. culminicola–were found at 2 700 m.
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CARIBIC DOAS observations of nitrous acid and formaldehyde in a large convective cloud
Heue, K.-P.; Riede, H.; Walter, D.; Brenninkmeijer, C. A. M.; Wagner, T.; Frieß, U.; Platt, U.; Zahn, A.; Stratmann, G.; Ziereis, H.
2014-07-01
The chemistry in large thunderstorm clouds is influenced by local lightning-NOx production and uplift of boundary layer air. Under these circumstances trace gases like nitrous acid (HONO) or formaldehyde (HCHO) are expected to be formed or to reach the tropopause region. However, up to now only few observations of HONO at this altitude have been reported. Here we report on a case study where enhancements in HONO, HCHO and nitrogen oxides (NOx) were observed by the CARIBIC flying laboratory (Civil Aircraft for the Regular Investigation of the atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container). The event took place in a convective system over the Caribbean Sea in August 2011. Inside the cloud the light path reaches up to 100 km. Therefore the DOAS instrument on CARIBIC was very sensitive to the tracers inside the cloud. Based on the enhanced slant column densities of HONO, HCHO and NO2, average mixing ratios of 37, 468 and 210 ppt, respectively, were calculated. These data represent averages for constant mixing ratios inside the cloud. However, a large dependency on the assumed profile is found; for HONO a mixing ratio of 160 ppt is retrieved if the total amount is assumed to be situated in the uppermost 2 km of the cloud. The NO in situ instrument measured peaks up to 5 ppb NO inside the cloud; the background in the cloud was about 1.3 ppb, and hence clearly above the average outside the cloud (≈ 150 ppt). The high variability and the fact that the enhancements were observed over a pristine marine area led to the conclusion that, in all likelihood, the high NO concentrations were caused by lighting. This assumption is supported by the number of flashes that the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) counted in this area before and during the overpass. The chemical box model CAABA is used to estimate the NO and HCHO source strengths which are necessary to explain our measurements. For NO a source strength of 10 × 109 molec cm-2 s-1 km-1 is found, which
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Myron Lowell Belfer
2005-11-01
Full Text Available La situación de la salud mental de los niños y adolescentes en América Latina y el Caribe es muy desigual, como lo son la composición étnica, los avances macroeconómicos, la estabilidad y las estructuras políticas, la organización social, la forma de control gubernamental sobre los servicios de salud mental, el grado de urbanización y la turbulencia política y social en los diversos países. Los recursos destinados a las investigaciones y servicios clínicos varían también de un país a otro. Muchos de los países latinoamericanos y caribeños cuentan con programas innovadores de salud mental, pero falta coordinación en la planificación y la asignación de los recursos. En el presente artículo se identifican los aspectos clave relacionados con el déficit en la capacidad de estos servicios en América Latina y el Caribe. Se exponen las nuevas iniciativas dirigidas a mejorar el acceso a los servicios y a mejorar su calidad sobre la base de proteger los derechos de los pacientes, entre ellas algunos novedosos programas preventivos. Además, se describe el énfasis creciente en las investigaciones relacionadas con las políticas.
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Lazarevic, J.; Keca, N.; Martinovie, A.
2012-07-01
Seedling mycorrhization acts as an efficient tool for improving the quality of seedlings. In this study, the effectiveness of Suillus granulatus, originating from Pinus heldreichii forests (Montenegro), to produce containerized ectomycorrhizal seedlings of autochthonous Pinus nigra in open field conditions was investigated. Spore (106, 107, 108) and vegetative (1:16, 1:8, 1:4) inoculation on ectomycorrhizal formation and seedling growth were tested. Spore and vegetative inoculums of autochthonous Pisolithus arhizus were used in the same trial as additional control treatments. The utilization of vegetative and spore inoculums of autochthonous S. granulatus has proven to be an effective method of obtaining containerized ectomycorrhizal P. nigra seedlings under open field conditions after 11 months. S. granulatus spore inoculations resulted in well developed ectomycorrhiza, decreasing the growth of the P. nigra seedlings in the first growing season. Mycelial inoculations resulted in slightly developed S. granulatus ectomycorrhiza, which increased the growth of the seedlings. Therefore, it would be feasible to use spore inocula of S. granulatus, with 10{sup 6} spores per plant, to produce ectomycorrhizal P. nigra plants on a large scale. Controlled mycorrhizal inoculation of seedlings is not a common practice in Montenegrin and Serbian nurseries; as such, the obtained results will contribute to the enhancement of nursery production of Pinus nigra and other conifers. This also could be assumed as a starting point for many further efforts and investigations with autochthonous fungal and plant material in this region. (Author) 47 refs.
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SHEAR STRENGTH IN THE GLUE LINE OF Eucalyptus sp. AND Pinus sp.WOOD
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Juliana Jerásio Bianche
Full Text Available ABSTRACT To evaluate the adhesive efficiency on the union of glued joints in a particular temperature and humidity conditions for a specified time the adhesive must be submitted to specific load tests, such as shear in the glue line. The objective of this study was to evaluate the shear strength in the glue line of Eucalyptus sp and Pinus sp.woods. Five adhesives (castor oil, sodium silicate, modified silicate, , PVA and resorcinol-formaldehyde, three weights (150 g/m2, 200 g/m2, and 250 g/m2 and two species (Eucalyptus sp. and Pinus sp. of wood were used. Twelve specimens were obtained from each repetition per treatment, corresponding to 108 specimens that were conditioned at a temperature of 23 ± 1°C and relative humidity of 50 ± 2%. The interaction between the weight and type of adhesive was significant for the shear strength in the glue line of eucalyptus wood. However, no interaction between the weight and the adhesive was found for pinus, only the isolated from the adhesive effect. Chemical bonds originated in the polymerization of resorcinol-formaldehyde adhesives and castor bi-component conferred upon these adhesives the greatest resistance in the glue line. Castor and resorcinol-formaldehyde adhesives showed the highest shear strength values in the line of glue and wood failure. Castor adhesive presented satisfactory performance for bonding of eucalyptus and pine woods.
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Mortalidade em florestas de Pinus palustris causada por tempestade de raios
Kenneth W. Outcalt; Jorge Paladino Corrêa de Lima; Jose Américo de Mello Filho
2002-01-01
The importance of lightning as an ignition source for the fire driven Pinus palustris ecosystem is widely recognized. Lightning also impacts this system on a smaller scale by causing individual tree mortality. The objective of this study was to determine the level of mortality due to lightning activity at the Department of Energy's Savannah...
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Results from four Pinus patula water planting trials in the summer ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Planting with water is used by some forestry companies in South Africa to reduce post-planting water stress. Four trials were implemented to test the response in survival of Pinus patula to water applied at planting. Two trials each were situated in the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands and Mpumalanga escarpment. The first trial at ...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Andrea Aída Velasco-Medina
2014-01-01
Full Text Available Background: Pollinosis studies at Mexico City have found a considerable amount of Casuarina equisetifolia and Pinus spp pollen, its sensitization frequency is unknown. In Mexico, some allergens are not considered related to asthma or allergic rhinitis, even though reports in other coun- tries have been demonstrated their relevance as aeroallergens. Objective: To estimate the frequency of sensitization to Casuarina eq- uisetifolia and Pinus spp pollen. Patients and method: A transversal, descriptive trial was done at Hos- pital General de Mexico. Previous informed consent 142 patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma, 3 to 55 years old, were included to the study. A complete clinical evaluation, laboratory tests and skin prick tests were performed. Results: We included 142 patients, 44 children (64% males and 98 adults (73% females. We found that 8 (18.18% children and 35 (35.7% adults had a positive skin prick test to Casuarina equisetifolia. None of the patients included in the study had a positive skin prick test to Pinus spp. Conclusions: Sensitization to Casuarina equisetifolia is as important as other pollens found in Mexico City. These results suggest that it should be included when skin prick tests are performed. Pinus spp pollen is considered an aeroallergen in European countries but we did not cor- roborate sensitization in our population.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
İbrahim Tümen
2010-10-01
Full Text Available Oleoresin samples collected from Pinus sylvestris L. trees from Acıpayam, Çal and Çamlıbel, three different locations in Denizli-Turkey. The constituents of the turpentine oil, obtained by hydrodistillation of oleoresin of Pinus sylvestris L., were identified by GC-MS. Fifty four constituents were detected from the turpentine oil, which constituted about between 96.2% and 98.2% of the total amount. Major constituents of the oil were a-pinene, b-pinene, camphene, longifolene, D3-carene, limonene and b-caryophyllene
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Selection of seed lots of Pinus taeda L. for tissue culture
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Diego Pascoal Golle
2014-06-01
Full Text Available The aim of this work was to identify the fungi genera associated with three Pinus taeda L. seed lots and to assess the sanitary and physiological quality of these lots for use as selection criteria for tissue culture and evaluate the in vitro establishment of explants from seminal origin in different nutritive media. It was possible to discriminate the lots on the sanitary and physiological quality, as well as to establish in vitro plants of Pinus taeda from cotyledonary nodes obtained from aseptic seed germination of a selected lot by the sanitary and physiological quality higher. The nutritive media MS, ½ MS and WPM were equally suitable for this purpose. For the sanitary analysis the fungal genera Fusarium, Penicillium and Trichoderma were those of the highest sensitivity. For the physiological evaluation were important the variables: abnormal seedlings, strong normal seedlings; length, fresh and dry weight of strong normal seedlings. The analyzes were favorable to choose lots of seeds for in vitro culture and all culture media were adequate for the establishment of this species in tissue culture.
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MICROBIOTA OF PINUS POLLEN AS ADJUVANT FACTOR OF ALLERGY
Tetiana Shevtsova; Miroslava Kačániová; Jana Petrová; Ján Brindza; Kateryna Garkava
2016-01-01
Bacteria, their endotoxin and mold found on pollen can be a reason of respiratory symptoms in sensitized individuals. This question concerns an anemophilous pollen more acute. In this work quantitative by dilution plating method and qualitative microbial analysis by MALDI-TOF MS Biotyper of pollen and other plants organs of Pinus sylvestris L., P. nigra Arnold, P. mugo Turra, P. armandii Franch., P. wallichiana A.B. Jacks from Nitra, Slovakia are performed which shows quantitative and species...
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José Francisco Chávez Villegas
2012-03-01
Full Text Available El caracol rosa (Strombus gigas, Linnaeus, 1758 es una especie de importancia económica en el Mar Caribe, por lo cual, en la década de 1980 representó la segunda pesquería después de la langosta espinosa, razón por la que actualmente se encuentra en estado de sobrepesca. Con el objetivo de determinar la variación en la abundancia de larvas durante la época reproductiva, cuatro localidades del Caribe Mexicano “CM” (México: Puerto Morelos, Sian Ka’an, Mahahual; Belice: San Pedro fueron muestreadas. Mensualmente, de mayo a octubre del 2008, se realizaron arrastres de plancton en cada localidad empleando una red cónica (300μm. Temperatura (°C, salinidad (ppm y oxígeno disuelto (mg L-1 fueron registrados para cada sitio. Una densidad media larval de 0.34±0.87 larvas•10m-3 fue registrada entre localidades, con un pico de abundancia entre agosto y septiembre (0.82±1.00 y 0.76±1.68 larvas 10m-3, respectivamente. La densidad larval tuvo una correlación del 60% con la salinidad (r=0.6063, p0.05. El 100% de las larvas capturadas corresponden al estadio I definido por Davis et al (1993, mostrando actividad reproductiva local, de esta manera, se considera que los sitios muestreados en el CM son fuente de larvas para la especie S. gigas.
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Soil enzyme activities in Pinus tabuliformis (Carriere) plantations in northern China
Weiwei Wang; Deborah Page-Dumroese; Ruiheng Lv; Chen Xiao; Guolei Li; Yong Liu
2016-01-01
Changes in forest stand structure may alter the activity of invertase, urease, catalase and phenol oxidase after thinning Pinus tabuliformis (Carriére) plantations in Yanqing County of Beijing, China. We examined changes in these soil enzymes as influenced by time since thinning (24, 32, and 40 years since thinning) for 3 seasons (spring, summer and autumn)...
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The variation of microfibril angle in South African grown Pinus patula ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
It has been shown for some species that the microfibril angle (MFA) of the S2 layer of tracheids is strongly related to the modulus of elasticity (MOE) of wood, even more so than wood density, especially in wood formed during juvenile growth. The objectives of this study were to describe the variation in MFA in young Pinus ...
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Inheritance of allozyme variants in bishop pine (Pinus muricata D.Don)
Constance I. Millar
1985-01-01
Isozyme phenotypes are described for 45 structural loci and I modifier locus in bishop pine (Pinus muricata D. Don,) and segregation data are presented for a subset of 31 polymorphic loci from 19 enzyme systems. All polymorphic loci had alleles that segregated within single-focus Mendelian expectations, although one pair of alleles at each of three...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Edson Tadeu Iede
2007-12-01
Full Text Available A vespa-da-madeira Sirex noctilio Fabricius, 1793 (Hymenoptera, Siricidae é a praga mais importante das florestas cultivadas com Pinus spp. no Brasil. Foi introduzida no Rio Grande do Sul em 1988 e sua dispersão ficou restrita aos estados do sul do país até 2004, quando foi detectada em São Paulo. Neste trabalho é relatada a ocorrência de S. noctilio em plantios de Pinus patula em Minas Gerais, em janeiro de 2005. São discutidas algumas medidas que podem ser adotadas para restringir a dispersão de S. noctilio na região Sudeste.The woodwasp Sirex noctilio Fabricius, 1793 (Hymenoptera, Siricidae is the most important pest on Pinus spp. in Brazil. It was introduced in the state of Rio Grande do Sul in 1988 and dispersed through the southern states. In 2004 it was detected in São Paulo state. In this work, it is reported the occurrence of S. noctilio in the state of Minas Gerais, in January 2005, on commercial areas of Pinus patula. It is discussed some measures that can be adopted to restrict its spread in the southeastern region.
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Barragán Hernández, Wilson Andrés
2013-01-01
La ganadería doble propósito en la región Caribe Colombiana, representa un alto porcentajes del inventario bovino en la región, sin embargo se presenta bajos parámetros productivos y reproductivos que condicionan su inserción en mercados nacionales e internacionales. El uso de sistemas silvopastoriles como alternativas de producción ganadera puede constituirse en una herramienta valiosa para combatir los problemas de degradación y aumentar la productividad del sistema de producción bovino dob...
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Prospects for the biological control of invasive Pinus species (Pinaceae) in South Africa
CSIR Research Space (South Africa)
Hoffmann, JH
2011-09-01
Full Text Available of Swiss stone pine (Pinus cembra) not attacked by the specialized pine cone weevil, Pissodes validirostris? A case of host selection vs. host suitability. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 99: 157?163. DWAF. 2004. Key issue paper for a policy...
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Pinus ponderosa: a taxonomic review with five subspecies in the United States
Robert Z. Callaham
2013-01-01
Various forms of Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex C. Lawson are found from British Columbia southward and eastward through 16 states and, perhaps, into Mexico. The status of many names previously associated with this species, but excluded here, has been clarified. Accumulated evidence based on variation in morphology and xylem monoterpenes,...
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Effects of temperature on Pinus patula seedlings growing in pots in a ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
The re-establishment of Pinus patula seedlings into sites with high harvesting residue (slash) loads can negatively affect the survival of these plants. Field trials have examined the role that insect pests and fungal diseases play in causing this phenomenon. Research has also indicated that temperatures at ground level tend ...
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Islas de ida y vuelta. Canarias y El Caribe en contexto colonial
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Ortiz García, Carmen
2004-12-01
Full Text Available On the presupposition that the conquest of the Canary Islands set the colonial stage for the later Spanish enterprises in the Americas, the author discusses a number of elements of identity shared by the islands of both the eastern Atlantic and the Caribbean. Sugar, the slave trade and the raising of bananas, cochineal and tobacco are the instances chosen for this comparative analysis. In addition, the author makes a reference to the legends of the apparition of the Virgin of Charity at El Cobre, in Cuba, and of Candlemas in Tenerife.
Partiendo de la idea de que la conquista de las Islas Canarias fue el primer ensayo colonial de lo que luego desarrollarían los españoles en América, se examinan algunos elementos de identidad entre el mundo isleño atlántico y caribeño, producidos precisamente por esa situación inicial de dominio colonial. El azúcar, la trata de esclavos, los cultivos de plátano, grana y tabaco son los ejemplos escogidos para este análisis comparado. Finalmente se hace una referencia comparativa de las leyendas de la aparición de la Virgen de la Caridad del Cobre en Cuba y de la Virgen de Candelaria en Tenerife -
Forest floor depth mediates understory vigor in xeric Pinus palustris ecosystems
J. Kevin Hiers; Joseph J. O' Brien; Rodney E. Will; Robert J. Mitchell
2007-01-01
Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) woodlands and savannas are among the most frequently burned ecosystems in the world with fire return intervals of 1â10 years. This fire regime has maintained high levels of biodiversity in terms of both species richness and endemism. Land use changes have reduced the area of this ecosystem by .95%, and inadequate fire...
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Gislene L. Gonçalves
2007-03-01
Full Text Available Feeding damage caused by Euryzygomatomys spinosus (G. Fischer, 1814 (Echimyidae is documented for a Pinus taeda Linnaeus (Pinaceae plantation located in Cambará do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Under laboratory conditions, feeding acceptance of P. taeda trunk sections was tested with positive results for E. spinosus, but not for other three co-occurring sigmodontine rodents: Akodon montensis Thomas, 1913, Oligoryzomys nigripes (Olfers, 1818 and Delomys dorsalis (Hensel, 1872.Esse estudo documenta os danos causados por Euryzygomatomys spinosus (G. Fischer, 1814 em plantações de Pinus taeda Linnaeus (Pinaceae localizadas em Cambará do Sul, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Em laboratório foi testada positivamente a utilização de troncos de Pinus como recurso por E. spinosus, mas não para os outros roedores sigmodontíneos ocorrentes na área: Akodon montensis Thomas, 1913, Oligoryzomys nigripes (Olfers, 1818 e Delomys dorsalis (Hensel, 1872.
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Paty Castilleja Sánchez
2016-08-01
Full Text Available Seed production, quality, germination and seedling establishment are indicators of reproductive success in conifers. Monitoring of these parameters is essential to determine the viability of populations for the purposes of conservation. We analyze cone and seed traits as indicators of reproductive success in the endangered Rzedowski´s pine (Pinus rzedowskii (Madrigal et Caballero and near-threatened veitchii pine (Pinus ayacahuite var. veitchii (Shaw in west-central Michoacán, Mexico. These traits were systematically quantified and their variation assessed using Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs. We found that the reproductive success of Rzedowski’s pine seems to be critical, presenting low seed efficiency (17.10%, germination (5.0% and seedling establishment (27.7%, with high levels of inbreeding (0.79. In contrast, veitchii pine presents moderate seed efficiency (54.9%, high germination (71.5% and seedling establishment (84%–97% and low inbreeding (0.33. Reproductive indicators differed significantly among zones and populations for each species, where fragment sizes mainly affected seed production and efficiency. This result indicates that fragmentation has played a more important role in the reproductive success of Rzedowski’s pine than in veitchii pine, perhaps by limiting pollen flow among zones and populations and producing higher levels of inbreeding and lower seed efficiency in the former species. We propose a conservation strategy for these important pine species in order to increase their long-term genetic viability.
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Volatile constituents of Pinus roxburghii from Nepal.
Satyal, Prabodh; Paudel, Prajwal; Raut, Josna; Deo, Akash; Dosoky, Noura S; Setzer, William N
2013-01-01
Pinus roxburghii Sarg. Is one of 3 species of pine found in Nepal, the oil of which is traditionally used to treat cuts, wounds, boils, and blisters. To obtain, analyze, and examine the anti-microbial and cytotoxic activities of the essential oils of P. roxburghii. Three plant parts (cone, needle, and bark) of Pinus roxburghii were collected in Biratnagar, Nepal. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation, and the chemical compositions were determined by GC-MS. The needle and cone essential oils were screened for anti-microbial activity against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Aspergillus niger; brine shrimp (Artemia salina) lethality; and in-vitro cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells. GC-MS analysis for the cone oil revealed 81 compounds with 78 components being identified (95.5% of the oil) while 98.3% of needle oil was identified to contain 68 components and 98.6% of the bark oil (38 components) was identified. The 3 essential oils were dominated by sesquiterpenes, particularly (E)-caryophyllene (26.8%-34.5%) and α-humulene (5.0%-7.3%) as well as monoterpene alcohols terpinen-4-ol (4.1%-30.1%) and α-terpineol(2.8%-5.0%). The monoterpene δ-3-carene was present only in needle and cone essential oils (2.3% and 6.8%, respectively). Bio-activity assays of the cone essential oil of P. roxburghii showed remarkable cytotoxic activity (100% killing of MCF-7 cells at 100 μg/mL) along with notable brine shrimp lethality (LC50 =11.8 μg/mL). The cone essential oil did not show anti-bacterial activity, but it did exhibit anti-fungal activity against Aspergillus niger (MIC=39 μg/mL). The bioactivity of P. roxburghii essential oil is consistent with its traditional medicinal use.
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Fire effects in Pinus uncinata Ram plantations
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Adrián Cardil Forradellas
2016-04-01
Full Text Available Aim of study: Understanding fire ecology of main forest species is essential for a sound, scientifically based on managing of wildlands and also to assess likely implications due to changes in fire regime under a global change scenario. Few references can be found about fire ecology of Pinus uncinata Ram. (PU. PU species grows in the Central Pyrenees where large, severe wildland fires did not occur frequently in the past. However, several fires with extreme fire behavior have affected PU stands in last years and they might disturb other PU forest in the future.Area of study: Cabdella fire (February 2012, in Lleida province, is one of the several wildland fires occurred in 2012 (winter season in the Central Pyrenees. Fire affected a large PU plantation (102 ha located at 1.800-2,100 meters above the sea.Material and methods: We have analyzed first order fire effects in three fireline intensity thresholds along three years in terms of mortality ratio, scorched height, percentage of scorched crown volume and bark char height.Main results: PU seems to be a very tolerant species to low and medium fire line intensity but fire effects were very significant when fire line intensity was high. In medium fireline intensity sites, probability of mortality ranged from 15 to 30% and the dead trees had the highest values on scorched height and percentage of scorched crown volume.Research highlights: Results from this work supports that prescribed burning might be used to efficiently decrease fuel load and fuel vertical continuity while avoiding considerable PU mortality. It also displayed that when fuel management has been implemented, PU mortality might be limited even under extreme fire behavior.Abbreviations used: PU: Pinus uncinata Ram.
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Toshihiro Yamada
Full Text Available Pinus trifolia Miki 1939 (Pinaceae was originally proposed based on seed cones from the upper Miocene of Aichi and Gifu Prefectures, central Japan. However, before the publication of P. trifolia, a different name (Pinus fujiii (Yasui Miki was given to a female cone with the same morphology. On the other hand, P. fujiii auct. non (Yasui Miki has been used for seed cones with different morphologies from Yasui's holotype, i.e., apophyses arranged in 5:8 parastichies and a perexcentromucronate slightly-pointed umbo. As a result of re-examination on the Miki and Yasui specimens, we concluded that P. trifolia was a synonym for P. fujiii and proposed here Pinus mikii sp. nov. for cones assigned to P. fujiii auct. non (Yasui Miki. We also emended the diagnosis of P. fujiii based on these specimens. Pinus fujiii is characterized by a large female cone in which the apophyses with a centromucronate prickle-like umbo are arranged in 8:13 parastichies, and deciduous seed wings. These characters suggest that P. fujiii belongs to the section Trifoliae of the subgenus Pinus, which is now restricted to North and Central America and the Caribbean islands. Fossil data suggest that the P. fujiii lineage firstly appeared in Japan around the Eocene/Oligocene boundary. We speculate that the P. fujiii lineage might have moved southward to Japan from a refugium located elsewhere in high-latitude areas in response to the late Eocene cooling event, as occurred with other Trifoliae species in North America.
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Growth decline assessment in Pinus sylvestris L. and Pinus nigra Arnold. forest by using 3-PG model.
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Rafael M. Navarro-Cerrillo
2016-12-01
Full Text Available Aim of the study: We assessed the ability of the 3-PG process-based model to accurately predict growth of Pinus sylvestris and P. nigra plantations across a range of sites, showing declining growth trends, in southern Spain. Area of study: The study area is located in “Sierra de Los Filabres” (Almería. Material and methods: The model was modified in fifteen parameters to predict diameter (DBH, cm, basal area increment (BAI, cm2 yr-1 and leaf area index (LAI, m2 m-2 in healthy trees and trees showing declining growth. We assumed that a set of specific physiological parameters (stem partitioning ratio-pFS20, maximum litterfall rate-γFx, maximum canopy conductance-gCx, specific leaf area for mature aged stands-σ1, age at which specific leaf area = ½ (σ0 + σ1, age at full canopy cover-tc, and canopy boundary layer conductance-gB included in 3-PG would be suitable for predicting growth decline related to climate conditions. The calibrated model was evaluated using dendrochronological and LAI data obtained from plots. Main results: Observed and simulated DBH showed a high correlation (R2 > 0.99 between modelled and measured values for both species. In contrast, modelled and observed BAI showed lower correlation (R2 < 0.68. Sensitivity analysis on 3-PG outputs showed that the foliage parameters - maximum litterfall rate, maximum canopy conductance, specific leaf area for mature aged stands, age at which specific leaf area, and age at full canopy cover - were important for DBH and BAI predictions under drought stress. Research highlights: Our overall results indicated that the 3-PG model could predict growth response of pine plantations to climatic stress with desirable accuracy in southern Spain by using readily available soil and climatic data with physiological parameters derived from experiments. Keywords: Hybrid process model; forest management models; growth prediction; Pinus spp, Parameterization; forest decline.
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Chloroplast microsatellites reveal population genetic diversity in red pine, Pinus resinosa Ait
Craig S. Echt; L.L. DeVerno; M. Anzidei; G.G. Vendramin
1998-01-01
Variation in paternally inherited chloroplast microsatellite (cpSSR) DNA was used to study population genetic structure in red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.), a species characterized by morphological uniformity, no allozyme variation, and limited RAPD variation. Using nine cpSSR loci, a total of 23 chloroplast haplotypes and 25 cpSSR alleles were were...
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Growth and physiological responses to varied environments among populations of Pinus ponderosa
Jianwei Zhang; Bert M. Cregg
2005-01-01
We investigated population responses in physiology, morphology, and growth of mature Pinus ponderosa trees to an environmental gradient across Nebraska, USA. Ten populations from western Nebraska and eastern Wyoming were grown in three 26-year-old provenance tests from the warmest and wettest site in the east (Plattsmouth) to the intermediate site in...
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Using flotation in ethanol to separate filled and empty seeds of Pinus ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
In this study, the separation of filled and empty seeds of Crimean pine [Pinus nigra Arn. ssp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe] by flotation in ethanol and the effect of this treatment on seed germination were investigated. Flotation tests in 96% ethanol by the density method and then germination tests were made on the seeds ...
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Variation of weigh and viability of seeds of Pinus tropicalis from different populations
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Marta Bonilla Vichot
2014-06-01
Full Text Available Pinus tropicalis Morelet is endemic in the province of Pinar del Rio and Isla de la Juventud. In this paper the variation is evaluated in weight and viability of seeds from 4 seed areas of the province of Pinar del Rio, Cuba, which were harvested in July and stored for five months at room temperature until They were made to the corresponding analysis. Samples of each of the sources weretaken to determine the weight of 1000 seeds, as established methodology ISTA (1993. Viability was also determined from the tetrazolium Test. It was observed that the individual weight of the seeds of Pinus tropicalis has 0,0051g values to 0,050g, while the average weight of 1000 seeds shows variation by origin, showing the greatest weight to the seeds from the seed mass Ceja del Negro (orchard seedling genetically enhanced trees, which directly influences the quality of seeds. The viability was also superior in the origin of Ceja del Negro.
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Helio Tonini
2010-08-01
Full Text Available Este trabalho teve como objetivos estudar o crescimento em altura dominante para Pinus elliottii e Pinus taeda, mediante comparações entre as curvas de índice de sítio construídas para algumas regiões do estado do Rio Grande do Sul e outros Estados da Federação. Essas comparações indicaram que as curvas feitas por Tonini (2000 para as regiões da Serra do Sudeste e Litoral no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, não apresentaram o mesmo desenvolvimento em relação às curvas feitas por Scolforo e Machado (1988, para os estados do Paraná e Santa Catarina; Brasil (1989a, para a região de Passo Fundo RS, Marcolin (1990, para o Segundo Planalto Paranaense e Selle (1993, para a região de Cambará do Sul. No entanto, o comportamento em relação às curvas de índice de sítio feitas por Brasil (1989b, para a região de São Francisco de Paula mostraram-se semelhantes, havendo somente uma diferença de nível entre estas.
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Kwan-Soo Woo
2011-08-01
Full Text Available Four-year-old seedlings of Pinus thunbergii, Pinus densiflora and Pinus rigida were inoculated with Fusarium circinatum isolate (FT-7, the pitch canker fungus, from P. thunbergii, to evaluate the effects of the pathogen on disease development and gas exchange rate. Needle dehydration was evident on 2 of 10 seedlings of P. thunbergii and P. rigida at 18 and 21 days after inoculation, respectively, while no symptoms were observed in P. densiflora seedlings throughout the experiment. Gas exchange stopped completely in 4 of 5 measured seedlings of P. thunbergii and 2 of 5 measured seedlings of P. rigida at 25 days after inoculation, and in the remaining 3 seedlings of P. rigida at 39 days after inoculation. Disease development in P. thunbergii seedlings was faster than that in P. rigida seedlings. By the time, the experiment was ended at 78 days after inoculation, 9 of 10 seedlings of P. rigida and 8 of 10 seedlings of P. thunbergii seedlings treated with FT-7 was almost dead, but all seedlings of P. densiflora were still healthy. We suggest that P. densiflora is resistant to F. circinatum in the current study, and gas exchange rate of the species after inoculation does not differ significantly compared to that of untreated control.
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Epperson, Bryan K; Chung, Myong Gi; Telewski, Frank W
2003-01-01
The spatial distribution of genotypes for nine polymorphic allozyme loci was examined in a contact zone between Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum and another tree regarded as either a separate species, Pinus arizonica, or variety, Pinus ponderosa var. arizonica, in southern Arizona. Previous work had identified a steep elevational cline for a key taxonomic trait, number of leaf-needles per fascicle, on the south slope of Mt. Lemmon. The present results indicate that the taxa are not fully interbreeding in this contact zone, because allozyme genotypes are considerably more spatially structured than expected for the dispersal characteristics of pines. The amount of spatial differentiation is also much less than that observed for needle number. It appears that this is due to the lack of differentiation for allozyme gene frequencies for the two types of trees, which is further evidenced by analysis of samples from two other populations away from the contact zone. It is likely that if the two taxa were isolated in the past, it was not for long enough nor complete enough to allow mutation-drift to create substantial differentiation between them. Another possible explanation is that introgression after recontact is so advanced that any differences have been erased throughout the Santa Catalina mountain range.
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Evidence for potential impacts of ozone on Pinus cembra L. at mountain sites in Europe: An overview
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Wieser, G.; Manning, W.J.; Tausz, M.; Bytnerowicz, A.
2006-01-01
We summarize what is known about the impact of ozone (O 3 ) on Pinus cembra in the timberline ecotone of the central European Alps and the Carpathian Mountains. In the central European Alps exposure to ambient and two-fold ambient O 3 throughout one growing season did neither cause any visible injury nor affect the photosynthetic machinery and biochemical parameters in current to 1-year-old needles. By contrast, in the southern French Alps and in the Carpathians 1-year-old needles of Pinus cembra trees showed visual symptoms similar to those observed in O 3 stressed pine stands in southern California. For the southern French Alps the observed symptoms could clearly be attributed O 3 and differences in O 3 uptake seems to be the likely key factor for explaining the observed decline. For the Carpathians however, other reasons such as drought may not be excluded in eliciting the observed symptoms. Thus, the action of O 3 has always to be evaluated in concert with other environmental impacts, determining the tree's sensitivity to stress. - An overview of ozone effects on Pinus cembra an important European coniferous tree species in the timberline ecotone
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B.T. Linaldeddu
2009-01-01
Full Text Available Damage caused by Diplodia pinea on Pinus pinaster and P. radiata forests are reported for the fi rst time in Tunisia. The affected plants show shoot blight, canker and branch dieback. On decaying and dead branches pycnidia of D. pinea are observed. The fungus was repeatedly isolated from the bark of symptomatic branches. The results of pathogenicity tests confirm the virulence of D. pinea and the susceptibility of both Pinus species to infection.
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Fernando Campanhã Bechara
2013-04-01
Full Text Available Pinus is the most invasive woody taxon, exceeded only by herbaceous plants. This study reports the reproductive biology and early establishment of Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii, describing its invasive properties in a protected natural area of the Brazilian coastal sandy plains. We evaluated the seed germination and rain, longevity of seed viability and the initial dynamics of the seedlings of Pinus elliottii var elliottii through field and laboratory experiments. We recorded a continuous seed rain of about 204.0 viable seeds m- 2 per year, with a 90 % germination rate. The seeds exhibited a low longevity of viability in the soil and a dense, permanent seedling bank that may explain the high levels of pine invasion. The environmental impact caused by the pine's biological invasion suggests the recommendation for its immediate eradication, together with a restoration plan to restitute the native biodiversity gradually.
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Sérgio Antônio Lemos de Morais
2005-06-01
Full Text Available Este estudo caracterizou a Lignina de Madeira Moída (LMM proveniente de Pinus oocarpa cultivado na região do Cerrado brasileiro. A LMM foi isolada e analisada por meio das espectrometrias no infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (IVTF, de ressonância magnética nuclear do próton e carbono-13 e por intermédio de métodos químicos de análise por via úmida. A LMM apresentou uma fórmula mínima igual a C9H9,2O2,6(OCH 30,8 e massas molares médias em massa (Mw e numérica (Mn de 3.969 e 1.133 Da, respectivamente. A LMM dessa madeira se enquadra dentro das ligninas típicas de coníferas.This work presents the characterization of the milled wood lignin (MWL of the Pinus oocarpa cultivated in the Brazilian cerrado. FTIR, carbon-13 and proton NMR spectroscopies as well as wet chemical methods were used. The established C9 unit formula for MWL was C9H9,2O2,6(OCH 30,8 and its relative molecular weights (Mw and (Mn were 3969 and 1133 Da, respectively. Pinus oocarpa MWL was typical of softwood lignins.
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Jesús Moreno Arriba
2015-01-01
Full Text Available El municipio de Pajapan, en la Sierra de Santa Marta (Veracruz, México, representa un caso paradigmático en la lucha por la defensa de las tierras comunales de las comunidades indígenas campesinas del Gran Caribe, recurriendo a distintos mecanismos de resistencia. Además, desde la implementación de metodología de investigación cualitativa, como la revisión bibliográfica y documental del tema de estudio, este trabajo ha identificado y analizado diversos proyectos de gestión de recursos naturales en el entorno geográfico de Pajapan y la Sierra de Santa Marta. Estas emergentes experiencias no gubernamentales se presentan como un posible modelo de desarrollo alternativo para intentar contribuir a mejorar la precaria situación actual (ecológica, demográfica y socioeconómica de los territorios tropicales y pueblos indígenas mesoamericanos del Gran Caribe.
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La cooperación financiera internacional para la lucha contra el SIDA en América Latina y el Caribe
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René Leyva-Flores
2014-07-01
Full Text Available El objetivo fue analizar la contribución financiera del Fondo Mundial para la Lucha contra el SIDA, y su relación con los criterios de elegibilidad para asignar fondos en América Latina y el Caribe, 2002-2010. Análisis descriptivo (regresión lineal de aportes financieros del Fondo Mundial, según criterios de elegibilidad: nivel de ingreso, carga de la enfermedad, coinversión gubernamental de los países. Las aportaciones financieras correspondieron a US$ 705 millones. Países con menor nivel de ingresos recibieron mayores aportaciones; no hay relación con la carga de la enfermedad. La cooperación financiera internacional realiza aportaciones complementarias al gasto gubernamental, con políticas de equidad en la asignación financiera.
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Talita Aperibense Menon
2012-12-01
Full Text Available Plantas do gênero Pinus são conhecidas pelo potencial de invasão biológica. O Campus da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF foi arborizado na década de 1960 com o plantio massivo de Pinus elliottii, e hoje a espécie está alastrada. Neste estudo, realizado no Campus da UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG foi analisada a estrutura populacional da espécie em dois ambientes de regeneração florestal: aberto (pastagem abandonada e fechado (floresta secundária. Partiu-se da premissa que o ambiente aberto apresentaria uma população mais estruturada, pela preferência da espécie por áreas abertas. A amostragem foi por parcelas aleatórias (15 parcelas de 5 m x 5 m em cada ambiente, onde foram medidos todos os indivíduos da espécie (árvores: DAP ≥ 5 cm; arvoretas: DAP 0,05 com as variáveis ambientais indicou que a competição por recursos com a vegetação nativa não é um problema aparente para a permanência da espécie. Plants of the genus Pinus are known worldwide by biological invasion potential. In the 1960s there were massive plantations of Pinus elliottii in the Campus of Juiz de Fora University, and nowadays the species is widespread. This study analyzed the species population structure in two distinct forest regeneration environments: open area (abandoned pasture and closed-canopy (secondary forest on the campus of UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil. The hypothesis were that the open environment would present a better structured population, due to the preference of species for open areas. Random plots were allocated (15 plots of 5 m x 5 m in each environment, and all individuals of the species (trees: dbh . 5 cm, saplings, dbh 0.05 with environmental variables showed that competition for resources within the local vegetation is not an apparent problem for the permanence of species.
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Colmenares Guerra, Santiago
2017-01-01
[spa] La presente investigación reconstruye la historia económica y agraria de los Montes de María, región ubicada en el Caribe interior colombiano, a partir del estudio de un fenómeno histórico concreto en América Latina: el impacto de la globalización económica sobre economías regionales periféricas que, por diversas razones, se insertaron en las redes del intercambio global durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX y principios del XX. El análisis de este fenómeno se realiza mediante la expli...
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Assonov, S; Taylor, P; Brenninkmeijer, C A M
2009-05-01
delta18O(CO2) on the VPDB-CO2 scale, estimated on runs of CO2-air mixtures, is +/-0.040 per thousand and 0.060 per thousand (2-sigma values). Inter-comparison with MPI-BGC resulted in a scale discrepancy of a similar magnitude. Although the reason(s) for this discrepancy still need to be understood, this basically confirms the approach of using specifically prepared CO2-air mixtures as a calibration carrier, in order to achieve scale unification among laboratories. As important practical application and as a critical test, JRC-IRMM took part in the passenger aircraft-based global monitoring project CARIBIC (http://www.caribic-atmospheric.com). In this way, reliable CO2 isotope data for the tropopause region and the free troposphere were obtained. From June 2007 to January 2009, approximately 500 CARIBIC air samples have been analysed. Some flights demonstrated a compact correlation of both delta13C(CO2) and delta18O(CO2) with respect to CO2 concentration, demonstrating mixing of tropospheric and stratospheric air masses. These excellent correlations provide an independent, realistic data quality check. Copyright (c) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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María Carolina Romero Lares
2017-01-01
Full Text Available Los derrames recientes de hidrocarburos en plataformas petroleras mar adentro han puesto de relieve la necesidad de desarrollar regímenes de responsabilidad e indemnización por daños ocasionados por actividades de exploración y explota - ción en los fondos marinos sujetos a la jurisdicción nacional. En la actualidad no existe ningún convenio internacional que aborde el tema, y la comunidad internacional se ha inclinado a favor del desarrollo de instrumentos regionales o bilaterales. La región del Gran Caribe se caracteriza por poseer un frágil ecosistema ma - rino, que se encuentra amenazado por el riesgo de contaminación de petróleo producto de actividades de extracción en el lecho marino. Pese a ello, el único convenio regional para la protección y preservación del mar Caribe, conocido como Convenio de Cartagena, solo incluye principios generales sobre responsabilidad por actividades en los fondos marinos, sin desarrollar hasta la fecha los protocolos o acuerdos que garanticen su aplicación. Este estudio realiza una descripción y comparación de los esfuerzos llevados a cabo en el plano internacional y regional para desarrollar estas reglas y sugiere tres opciones para al - canzar un marco legal eficiente, exhaustivo y uniforme que garantice la pronta y adecuada indemnización de las víctimas y la reparación de todos los daños.
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David Daniel Peña
2017-07-01
Full Text Available La Responsabilidad Social Empresarial (RSE ha despertado un evidente interés en la academia, sin embargo, la literatura específica sobre el tema en el sector turístico y hotelero actualmente es escasa. El presente trabajo tiene como fin estudiar la RSE en el sector hotelero de la Región Caribe Colombiana. La aplicación de un cuestionario a una muestra de 224 hoteles, permitió concluir que el Grado de Conocimiento de la RSE se ve influenciado por el tamaño, la edad, la categoría, el tipo de contrato, el desempeño financiero y el nivel de inversión en innovación de los establecimientos hoteleros. Así como también, por el sexo, la edad y el nivel de educación de sus directores. Esto implica un compromiso con la mejoría de los niveles de Conocimiento de RSE para la promoción de un turismo más responsable y sostenible en la zona.
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Fusarium spp. and Pinus strobus seedlings: root disease pathogens and taxa associated with seed
C. M. Ocamb; J. Juzwik; F. B. Martin
2002-01-01
Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L .) seeds were sown in soil infested wlth Fusarium proliferatum, root necrosis developed on seedling roots, and F. proliferatum as reisolated from symptomatic roots; thus, demonstrating that F. proliferatum is pathogenic to eastern white pine seedling. Soils...
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Outcrossing rates in a natural stand and in a seed orchard of Pinus peuce
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P. Zhelev
2013-12-01
Full Text Available The mating system parameters were studied in a natural stand and in a seed orchard of the Balkan endemic, Pinus peuce Griseb. bymeans of isozyme gene markers. The results indicate that the multilocus estimates of the outcrossing rates are low relative to otherwidespread conifers but concord to these reported for other pine species with limited area of distribution. No significant differenceswere detected between the natural stand and the seed orchard estimates. Multilocus estimates of outcrossing rate were within the range0.77-0.79, while mean single-locus estimates were lower (0.69-0.73. The results indicate that at least 20% of the progeny of Pinus peuceis due to self-fertilization. Possible reasons for the results observed and the implications for tree breeding and gene conservation are discussed.
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Cuantificación del potencial energético undimotriz en las costas del Caribe colombiano
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Jaime P
2017-11-01
Full Text Available En este documento se describen los avances en la cuantificación de la energía de las olas de la costa caribeña colombiana. La metodología utilizada servirá como punto de partida para establecer el potencial energético en Colombia para este tipo de suministro energético. En la actualidad, el potencial energético teórico estimado en las ondas de la costa cercana en la costa atlántica es de aproximadamente 1107 MW y esto fue posible con datos que se han recogido y procesado desde enero de 2014. Las ecuaciones que tienen en cuenta variables tales como: la densidad del agua de mar, la temperatura y la velocidad del viento en la zona. También muestra el progreso del diseño del sistema Near Shore para la verificación del potencial de energía de las olas que consiste en un dispositivo que transforma la energía cinética de las ondas del mar en energía potencial gravitacional que se va a usar para mover un generador de corriente alterna.
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La trayectoria histórica de la producción educativa en el Caribe colombiano
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Reynaldo Mora Mora
2015-10-01
Full Text Available Esta investigación de tipo documental se basa en la producción educativa que está presente en la “Plataforma Scienti” de Colciencias (Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, Colciencias. Para este estudio se seleccionaron las principales producciones de los grupos de investigación en el área de la educación en el Caribe colombiano en el periodo 2000-2008. El trabajo parte de la premisa de que los planteamientos descritos por los investigadores asumen los requerimientos y problemáticas institucionales y de la sociedad. AbstractThis research, a documentary one, is based on the educative production, present in the “Plataforma Scienti” from Colciencias (Administrative Department of Sciencie, Technology and Innovation, Colciencias in Spanish. For this research, we chose the most important productions form the researcher groups in the education area in the Colombian Caribbean region, from 2000 to 2008. This work starts from the premise the written ideas described by the researchers, assume the requirements and institutional problems and from the society.
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EFFECTS OF CARBON DIOXIDE AND OZONE ON GROWTH AND BIOMASS ALLOCATION IN PINUS PONDEROSA
The future productivity of forests will be affected by combinations of elevated atmospheric CO2 and O3. Because productivity of forests will, in part, be determined by growth of young trees, we evaluated shoot growth and biomass responses of Pinus ponderosa seedlings exposed to ...
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Polyamine levels during the development of zygotic and somatic embryos of Pinus radiata
Rakesh Minocha; Dale R. Smith; Cathie Reeves; Kevin D. Steele; Subhash C. Minocha
1999-01-01
Changes in the cellular content of three polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) were compared at different stages of development in zygotic and somatic embryos of Pinus radiata D. Don. During embryo development, both the zygotic and the somatic embryos showed a steady increase in spermidine content, with either a small decrease or no...
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Alkanes and terpenes in wood and leaves of Pinus jeffreyi and P. sabiniana
Robert P. Adams; Jessica W. Wright
2012-01-01
The wood oils of Pinus jeffreyi and P. sabiniana contain considerable amounts of heptane (76.6%, 92%), on a monoterpene basis. However, when entire wood extractables is considered, the amounts drop considerably (3.4%, 36.8%) with the major portion of the wood oils being diterpene acids. The leaf oil of P. jeffreyi...
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Effects of air pollution on morphological and anatomical characteristics of Pinus Eldarica Wood
Vahidreza Safdari; Moinuddin Ahmed; Margaret S. Devall; Vilma Bayramzadeh
2012-01-01
Air pollution, including automobile exhaust pollution, can affect anatomical and morphological characteristics of wood. In order to evaluate this subject, the Pinus eldarica trees of Chitgar Park in Tehran, which extends from a crowded highway in the south (polluted site) to the semi polluted midsection and to Alborz Mountain in the north (unpolluted...
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A review of Sphaeropsis sapinea occurrence on Pinus species in Bulgaria
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Margarita Georgieva
2016-12-01
Full Text Available Sphaeropsis sapinea (Fr. Dyko & Sutton causes shoot blight and canker disease throughout the world on conifers predisposed by stress. The disease is most important to Pinus species that are affected from the seedling stage in nurseries to mature trees in ornamental planting, forest plantations and natural stands. In Bulgaria, the first findings of the disease were noted in 1989 on Pinus nigra plantations in the North-eastern part of the country. Over the past few years, new emergency and severe damages have developed rapidly as a consequence of the prolonged drought periods during the last growing seasons. The high existence of S. sapinea outbreaks contributed considerably to the physiological weakness of pine trees that become more susceptible to attack by aggressive xylophages and other fungal pathogens. Disease occurrence and its pathogenicity are economically important affecting a number of pine trees from all ages. In Bulgaria, S. sapinea has been obtained on six pine species P. nigra, P. strobus, P. radiata, P. ponderosa, P. pinaster and P. halepensis. The aim of this review is to present the available knowledge on distribution, host specificity, biology, ecology, management of the disease, and to discuss its current prevalence and pathogenicity effect on pine species in Bulgaria.
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Growth and Survival Variation among Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L. Provenances
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Süleyman Gülcü
2017-01-01
Full Text Available Tree height, basal diameter, and survival were examined in thirteen-year-old provenance test established by 30 seed sources of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L. at two exotic sites of the species in Southern part of Turkey. Variations within provenance and among provenances and relations among the traits were estimated to compare Scots pine provenance and two other native species. Averages of tree height and basal diameter were 350 cm and 52.7 mm in Aydogmus site and 385 cm and 51.2 mm in Kemer site, respectively. There were large differences within and among provenances for the characters. Sites were similar (p>0.05 for the characters, while there were significant differences (p≤0.05 among provenances within site according to results of variance analysis (ANOVA. Scots pine provenances were higher and had more thickness than that of black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold and Taurus cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich. which were natural species of the region. There were positive and significant (p<0.05 correlations between height and basal diameter in the species. Average survivals were 56% and 35% of the provenances in the sites. They were 71% and 11% in black pine and 53% in Taurus cedar for the sites respectively.
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Cannac, Magali; Pasqualini, Vanina; Barboni, Toussaint; Morandini, Frederic; Ferrat, Lila
2009-07-15
Fire is a dominant ecological factor in Mediterranean-type ecosystems. Forest management includes many preventive tools, in particular for fire prevention, such as mechanical treatments and prescribed burning. Prescribed burning is a commonly used method for treating fuel loads, but fuel reduction targets for reducing wildfire hazards must be balanced against fuel retention targets in order to maintain habitat and other forest functions. This approach was used on Pinus nigra ssp laricio var. Corsicana, a pine endemic to Corsica of great ecological and economic importance. Many studies of plant phenolic compounds have been carried out concerning responses to various stresses. The aim of this study was to understand i) the effects of prescribed burning 1 to 16 months later and ii) the effects of the seasonality of burning, spring or fall, on the production of phenolic compounds in Pinus laricio. After prescribed burning conducted in spring, Pinus laricio increases the synthesis of total phenolic compounds for a period of 7 months. The increase is greater after spring-burning than fall-burning. With regard to simple phenols, only dihydroferulic acid responds about 1 year after both types of prescribed burning. The causes of these increases are discussed in this paper. Total phenolic compounds could be used as a bioindicator for the short-term response of Pinus laricio needles to prescribed burning. Simple phenols may be useful for revealing the medium-term effects of prescribed burning. The results of this study include recommending forest managers to use prescribed burning in the fall rather than spring to reduce fuel loads and have less impact on the trees.
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Cine postcolonial y de género. La diáspora afro-caribeña en el Reino Unido
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Durán Almarza, Emilia María
2012-12-01
Full Text Available This article offers a critical re-evaluation of films directed by women of Caribbean descent in the United Kingdom. Although their presence in the British tradition is limited, given the marginal position they occupy as a result of the combination of variables such as race, ethnicity, gender, and/or social class, their contribution to British, Afro-diasporic and feminist film traditions cannot be underestimated. Drawing on comparative and transcultural approaches to analyse The Passion of Remembrance, co-directed by Maurine Blackwood and Isaac Julien, and Dreaming Rivers, directed by Martine Atille, both belonging to Sankofa Film Collective, this study highlights the multiple ways in which their work contributed to epistemological developments in the sphere of the so-called "British Black Arts Movement" of the 80s and 90s, as well as to the establishment of what has been called British postcolonial filmmaking.
El presente artículo trata de ofrecer una re-evaluación crítica del cine dirigido por mujeres de ascendencia caribeña en el Reino Unido. Si bien la presencia de directoras afro-caribeñas en la tradición británica es limitada, dada la posición marginal que ocupan como resultado de la combinación de variables como raza, etnicidad, género, y/o clase social, no se puede desestimar el alcance de su aportación a las tradiciones fílmicas femenina, británica y afro-diaspórica. Aplicando un enfoque comparativo y transcultural a The Passion of Remembrance, codirigida por Maurine Blackwood e Isaac Julien, y Dreaming Rivers, dirigida por Martine Atille, ambas pertenecientes al colectivo Sankofa, este estudio pone de manifiesto las múltiples formas en que sus obras contribuyeron tanto al desarrollo epistemológico del movimiento de las artes británicas negras (“British Black Arts Movement” en las décadas de los años 80 y 90, como al establecimiento de lo que se ha venido a llamar el cine
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APORTES A LA BIOLOGÍA DE TIBURONES Y RAYAS DEMERSALES EN LA REGIÓN NORTE DEL CARIBE COLOMBIANO
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Fabian Moreno
2008-09-01
Full Text Available El presente estudio es una contribución al conocimiento biológico de los peces cartilaginosos en la región norte del Caribe colombiano. Los ejemplares examinados se capturaron con una red demersal, se determinó su peso, longitud total y estado de madurez sexual. Adicionalmente se realizó la ubicación espacial de las capturas y la relación con las variables ambientales. Se capturaron un total de 21 individuos, colectando tres especies de rayas, Dasyatis americana, D. guttata y Rhinobatos percellens, dos de tiburones Mustelus minicanis y Rhizoprionodon porosus, la más común fue D. guttata con 56%, las tallas (longitud total fluctuaron entre los 1.760 - 394 mm en rayas y 595 - 585 mm en tiburones. Se obtuvieron más hembras que machos para todas las especies, con predominio de estados inmaduros y en maduración, solo se registró una hembra grávida deM. Minicanis con dos embriones.
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ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE Pinus elliottii YIELD IN THE SOUTHEASTERN MOUNTAIN RANGE, RIO GRANDE DO SUL
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Eduardo Pagel Floriano
2010-03-01
Full Text Available This study was conducted for Pinus elliottii Engelm. at Serra do Sudeste, Rio Grande do Sul, with the following objectives: to check production costs and possible revenues; to perform the economic and financial analysis of Pinus elliottii's wood production under regional conditions; and to determine the rotation of maximum Net Present Value (NPV. The costs for planting the stands were estimated at $2,292.09/ha and the annual maintenance ranged from R$ 134.84 to R$ 363.98 per hectare. Departing from the Site Index 28, with NPV of R$ 1,147.17/ha, Pinus' wood production becomes interesting. At the IS 26, with 6.86% Internal Rate of Return (IRR, it would be possible to pay the 6.75% Propflora's interest. Analysis of different rotations for IS 28 showed maximum VPL with rotation of 26 years, thinning in cycle of 4 years, starting up the cuts to 10 years. The economic analysis was performed with considerable caution, using productivity moderated levels, costs within patterns that can be considered between middle and high and moderated prices for today's wood market. Even with the restrictions imposed on the analysis, results are promising; especially in view of the regional market prices' increase tendency and the probability of wood veneer industries comes to absorb the larger log's size production in a closed future.
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Luisa Arango
2015-03-01
Full Text Available En las últimas décadas el Caribe colombiano ha experimentado un crecimiento económico importante y una intensificación de las interacciones con otras regiones del país y con el Estado central. En este contexto, el turismo aparece como una actividad que acentúa y acelera los cambios e intercambios sociales y económicos creando conflictos alrededor del control de los recursos. Sin embargo diversos individuos y colectivos crean al menos tantos espacios de acción como conflictos se perfilan. A partir del trabajo etnográfico realizado en una isla del Caribe colombiano, el presente artículo quiere mostrar cómo las tácticas de acceso y las estrategias locales de gestión del agua constituyen una entrada privilegiada para analizar las complejas redes sociales y los cambios económicos y políticos por los que atraviesa actualmente la región. Inspirada en los trabajos de Michel de Certeau (1990 quisiera afirmar que las poblaciones locales no sufren pasivamente las transformaciones que tienen lugar a gran escala y que parece sobrepasarlas sino que, en sus prácticas cotidianas, producen nuevas posibilidades de acción y alternativas creativas para asegurar su propio acceso a los recursos.
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Evidence for potential impacts of ozone on Pinus cembra L. at mountain sites in Europe: An overview
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Wieser, G. [Division Alpine Timberline Ecophysiology, Bundesamt und Forschungszentrum fuer Wald, Rennweg 1, 6020 Innsbruck (Austria)]. E-mail: gerhard.wieser@uibk.ac.at; Manning, W.J. [Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amsherst, MA 01003 (United States); Tausz, M. [Institute of Plant Sciences, Karl-Franzens Universitaet Graz, Schubertstrasse 51, 8010 Graz (Austria); School of Forest and Ecosystem Science, University of Melbourne, Water Street, Creswick Victoria 3363 (Australia); Bytnerowicz, A. [USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Riverside (United States)
2006-01-15
We summarize what is known about the impact of ozone (O{sub 3}) on Pinus cembra in the timberline ecotone of the central European Alps and the Carpathian Mountains. In the central European Alps exposure to ambient and two-fold ambient O{sub 3} throughout one growing season did neither cause any visible injury nor affect the photosynthetic machinery and biochemical parameters in current to 1-year-old needles. By contrast, in the southern French Alps and in the Carpathians 1-year-old needles of Pinus cembra trees showed visual symptoms similar to those observed in O{sub 3} stressed pine stands in southern California. For the southern French Alps the observed symptoms could clearly be attributed O{sub 3} and differences in O{sub 3} uptake seems to be the likely key factor for explaining the observed decline. For the Carpathians however, other reasons such as drought may not be excluded in eliciting the observed symptoms. Thus, the action of O{sub 3} has always to be evaluated in concert with other environmental impacts, determining the tree's sensitivity to stress. - An overview of ozone effects on Pinus cembra an important European coniferous tree species in the timberline ecotone.
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Pinheiro Dick, D.; Benvenuti Leite, S.; Dalmolin, R.; Almeida, H.; Knicker, H.; Martinazzo, R.
2009-04-01
The region known as Campos de Cima da Serra, located at 800 to 1400 m above sea level in the northeas of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, is covered by a mosaic of natural grassland and Araucaria forest. Cattle raising, introduced by the first European settlers about 200 years ago, is the traditional economic activity in the region, occurring extensively and continuously on the natural pasture. In the last 30 years, while seeking for higher profits, local farmers have introduced agricultural crops and Pinus Taeda plantations in the original pasture lands. Pinus plantations are established in this area as dense monocultures and not as a sylvipastoral system, representing, thus, a severe threaten to the Campos' biodiversity. The soils are shallow, though very acidic (pH 4.2) and rich in exchangeable Al (28 to 47% of Al saturation), and present high contents of SOM in the surface layer (in general, higher than 4 %), which shows a low decomposition degree, as indicated by its high proportion of C-O alkyl groups (51 to 59 %). Considering that the biome sustainability of this region is being progressively affected by the change of land use and that systematic studies about exotic trees afforestation in that region are very scarce, our main objective was to investigate the impact of the introduction of Pinus on the SOM composition and chemical attributes of highland soils in 8 (Pi8) and 30 (Pi30) years old plantations, using as reference the original condition under native pasture (NP). In each studied Leptosol, soil samples were collected from three layers down to 15 cm ( 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm and 10-15 cm). Contents of exchangeable cations and of micronutrients and soil pH were determined. The SOM composition was investigated by means of elemental analyses, FTIR and fluorescence spectroscopy (three replicates). Prior to the spectroscopic analyses, samples were demineralized with 10% HF solution and organic matter loss was monitored. From the FTIR spectra, an aromaticity index
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Biogeochemical assessment of environmental risk by the example of Pinus sylvestris L.
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Rybakov Dmitry Sergeevich
2016-06-01
Full Text Available The possibility of using annual rings of Pinus sylvestris L. to assess chemical pollution in the Republic of Karelia is discussed. With the help of principal component factor analysis the relationship between the contents of chemical elements and dendrological parameters – the width of annual rings and wood density - was revealed. The main factors contributing to the pollution of the northern part of the Republic of Karelia by the emission from iron-ore enterprise JSC «Karelsky Okatysh» are frequent ecologically significant wind directions, the distance from the source and the total mass of the emission. The value of radial growth (the average width of annual rings for five-years of Pinus sylvestris L. is connected negatively with the content of Cu, Cd, Ni and Fe. As an element of nutrition, Mn is positively correlated with the density of wood wherein it is an antagonist of Fe and partially of Cr in northern areas . Several peaks of Pb content coincide with the most intense tests of atomic weapons. Sharp maximums of Pb can also be due to a cross-border pollution and emission from regional sources.
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Heterosis at Allozyme Loci under Inbreeding and Crossbreeding in PINUS ATTENUATA
Strauss, Steven H.
1986-01-01
The dependence of heterosis at isozyme loci on inbreeding and crossbreeding was studied in 10-yr-old trees of knobcone pine (Pinus attenuata Lemm.). Heterozygosity was determined at 24 polymorphic isozyme loci and related to the rate of vegetative growth and cone production. The inbreds, created by selfpollination, had 46% of the heterozygosity of their mothers; the crossbreds, created by interpopulation crossing, had 155% of the heterozygosity of their mothers. Within the crossbreds, hetero...
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Genetic diversity of Pinus halepensis Mill. populations detected by RAPD loci
Gómez , Aránzazu; Alía , Ricardo; Bueno , María
2001-01-01
International audience; Genetic diversity of Pinus halepensis Mill. was analysed in nine populations (six Spanish populations and one each from Tunisia, France and Greece). Twenty four RAPD loci were amplified with 60 megagametophyte DNA samples from each population. Populations' contribution to Nei gene diversity and to allelic richness were calculated. Results showed higher within population genetic variation but also a $G_{{\\rm ST}} = 13.6\\%$ higher than those detected in previous studies ...
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Effect of Pinus radiata derived biochars on soil sorption and desorption of phenanthrene
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Zhang Honghua; Lin Kunde; Wang Hailong; Gan, Jay
2010-01-01
Biochars are anthropogenic carbonaceous sorbent and their influences on the sorption of environmental contaminants need to be characterized. Here we evaluated the effect of Pinus radiata derived biochars on soil sorption and desorption of phenanthrene. Two biochars separately produced at 350 o C and 700 o C and three soils were tested. Biochar amendment generally enhanced the soil sorption of phenanthrene. The biochar produced at 700 o C generally showed a greater ability at enhancing a soil's sorption ability than that prepared at 350 o C. The single-step desorption measurement showed an apparent hysteresis in biochar-amended soils. After 28 d equilibration, the sorptive capacity of biochar-amended soil (with an organic carbon content of 0.16%) significantly decreased. This study clearly suggested that biochar application enhanced soil sorption of hydrophobic organic compounds, but the magnitude of enhancement depended on the preparation of biochars, the indigenous soil organic carbon levels, and the contact time between soil and biochar. - Pinus radiata derived biochars influence soil sorption and desorption of phenanthrene.
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Then, Ch.; Herbinger, K.; Luis, V.C.; Heerdt, C.; Matyssek, R.; Wieser, G.
2009-01-01
High O 3 levels, driving uptake and challenging defense, prevail on the Canary Islands, being associated with the hot and dry summers of the Mediterranean-type climate. Pinus canariensis is an endemic conifer species that forms forests across these islands. We investigated the effects of ozone on photosynthesis and biochemical parameters of P. canariensis seedlings exposed to free-air O 3 fumigation at Kranzberg Forest, Germany, where ambient O 3 levels were similar to those at forest sites in the Canary Islands. The twice-ambient O 3 regime (2xO 3 ) neither caused visible injury-like chlorotic or necrotic spots in the needles nor significantly affected violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin levels and the de-epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle. In parallel, stomatal conductance for water vapour, net photosynthesis, intercellular CO 2 concentration, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, as well as antioxidant levels were hardly affected. It is concluded that presently prevailing O 3 levels do not impose severe stress on P. canariensis seedlings. - Twice-ambient ozone does not significantly affect the physiological behavior of Pinus canariensis seedlings
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WATER-USE ALONG A HYDROLOGICAL GRADIENT IN CENTRAL FLORIDA: A TALE OF TWO PINUS SPECIES
Although central Florida is relatively flat, the distribution of species on the landscape is controlled by subtle changes in elevation. Along a four-meter elevation gradient, xeric sandhill vegetation dominated by Pinus palustris (Longleaf pine) gives way to mesic pine flatwoods...
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Katiyar, S.R.; Chauhan, Y.S.
1987-01-01
The present study aimed to study the effects of gamma radiation ( 60 Co) on pollen germination and pollen tube elongation in Pinus patula. Pollen germination and pollen tube elongation are stimulated by low doses of radiation. Although higher doses of radiation inhibit the germination of pollen, pollen tube elongation remains unaffected. Thus in Pinus patula pollen tube elongation is less radiosensitive than pollen germination. Compared to control pollen, irradiated pollen produced more number of long pollen tubes. Therefore pollen tube size can be improved using low doses of radiation. (author). 15 refs., 5 figs., 2 tables
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Pine weevil (Hylobius abietis) antifeedants from lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta).
Bratt, K; Sunnerheim, K; Nordenhem, H; Nordlander, G; Langström, B
2001-11-01
Pine weevils (Hylobius abietis) fed less on bark of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) than on bark of Scots pine (P. sylvestris). Two pine weevil antifeedants, ethyl trans-cinnamate and ethyl 2,3-dibromo-3-phenyl-propanoate, were isolated from bark of lodgepole pine. These two compounds significantly reduced pine weevil feeding in a laboratory bioassay. In field assays, the second compound significantly decreased pine weevil damage on planted seedlings. Ethyl 2,3-dibromo-3-phenylpropanoate has not previously been reported as a natural product.
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Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Pinus pinaster
Nouara Ait Mimoune; Djouher Ait Mimoune; Aziza Yataghene
2013-01-01
Objective: To investigate the antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of essential oils of Pinus pinaster. Methods: Essential oils were extracted from the needles by hydrodistillation. The chemical composition of the obtained essential oils was analyzed using GC-MS technique. The antimicrobial potential has been tested against six microorganisms performing the disc diffusion assay. Results: Twenty-three components have been identified. β-caryophyllene (30.9%) and β-seli...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Fausto Weimar Acerbi Jr.
2002-11-01
Full Text Available Os objetivos deste estudo foram desenvolver um sistema para prognose do crescimento e da produção de Pinus taeda L. para simular e avaliar economicamente diversos regimes de manejo, visando produzir madeira livre de nós (clearwood e madeira para múltiplos usos; e analisar a lucratividade dos regimes de manejo em diversas condições de sítio, espaçamento, taxas de desconto e preço da madeira, considerando plantios realizados em terras da própria empresa e em terras arrendadas. O modelo desenvolvido baseia-se no conceito de compatibilidade em área basal entre o modelo para o povoamento e o modelo por classe diamétrica. Utiliza-se a distribuição Weibull, que em conjunto com os atributos do povoamento permite fazer a prognose para diferentes estratos e idades desejadas. Aplica-se ent��o o simulador de desbaste para obter a floresta remanescente desejada. A partir desta faz-se nova prognose até a idade desejada, e novamente aplica-se o simulador de desbaste. Este procedimento é repetido até o corte final, utilizando-se para tal do software SPPpinus - Sistema de Prognose da Produção para Pinus sp. Na análise econômica foram testados dois cenários, com diversos números, épocas e intensidade de desbaste, a partir de diferentes densidades iniciais de plantio, considerando vários níveis de produtividade. Foi realizada uma análise de sensibilidade da lucratividade dos regimes de manejo gerados, considerando três taxas de desconto, dois níveis de preço da madeira e as opções de plantar Pinus sp. em terras arrendadas e em terra da própria empresa, viabilizada através da integração do SSPpinus com o software de análise de investimento Invest. Concluiu-se que o modelo de crescimento e produção desenvolvido não apresentou tendenciosidade nas estimativas, sendo, portanto, um sistema preciso; os regimes de manejo com a realização de um desbaste pré-comercial seguido de dois desbastes comerciais e desrama devem ser
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Influence of ammonia and ozone on growth and drought sensitivity of Pinus sylvestris
Dueck, Th.A.; Zuin, A.; Elderson, J.
1998-01-01
Four-year-old Pinus sylvestris trees were exposed to ammonia (16, 55, 110 ppb for 24 h d-1)and ozone (0, 45 and 68 ppb, 9 h d-1) in a factorial design in open-top chambers for 15 months. Treatment effects on tree growth and architecture were assessed during two growing seasons; effects on
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Genetic conservation and management of the Californian endemic, Torrey Pine (Pinus torreyana Parry)
Jill A. Hamilton; Jessica W. Wright; F. Thomas. Ledig
2017-01-01
Torrey pine (Pinus torreyana) is one of the rarest pine species in the world. Restricted to one mainland and one island population in California, Torrey pine is a species of conservation concern under threat due to low population sizes, lack of genetic variation, and environmental stochasticity. Previous research points to a lack of within population variation that is...
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Biomass production in an age series of Pinus patula plantation in Tamil Nadu
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Sharma, S C; Srivastava, V K
1984-09-01
Distribution of organic matter in different tree components of 3, 5, 9, 11 and 13 years old plantations of Pinus patula has been discussed. The total biomass ranged from 7 tonnes (3 years) to 194 tonnes (9 years) per ha with 82 to 87% being contributed by the above ground parts and 13 to 18% by root.
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Patterns of resistance to Cronartium ribicola in Pinus aristata, Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine
A. W. Schoettle; R. A. Sniezko; A. Kegley; R. Danchok; K. S. Burns
2012-01-01
The core distribution of Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine, Pinus aristata Engelm., extends from central Colorado into northern New Mexico, with a disjunct population on the San Francisco Peaks in northern Arizona. Populations are primarily at high elevations and often define the alpine treeline; however, the species can also be found in open mixed conifer stands with...
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Water availability and genetic effects on wood properties of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda)
C. A. Gonzalez-Benecke; T. A. Martin; Alexander Clark; G. F. Peter
2010-01-01
We studied the effect of water availability on basal area growth and wood properties of 11-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees from contrasting Florida (FL) (a mix of half-sib families) and South Carolina coastal plain (SC) (a single, half-sib family) genetic material. Increasing soil water availability via irrigation increased average wholecore specific...
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Maria A. Bobowicz
2014-01-01
Full Text Available The article describes the genetic structure of 12-year old seedlings. They were grown in an experimental culture representing the progeny of natural hybrids of Pinus mugo Turra and Pinus sylvestris L. from the peatbog Bór na Czerwonem. The studies were carried out on seedlings, employing electrophoresis of enzymatic proteins from winter buds. Parallel isoenzymatic analyses were also conducted for trees of P. mugo Turra from Tatra Mountains and for P. sylvestris L. trees from Białowieża in order to determine similarities of the hybrids to the 'pure' species, thought to represent parental forms, and for natural hybrids from Bór na Czerwonem. The obtained electrophoretic patterns made the determination of genetic structure of the population possible, namely of the observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity, Wright's fixation index and coefficients of similarity according to Nei and Hedrick. Genetic distances between the populations were also estimated. The variability of 11 enzymatic loci demonstrated the highest level of variability in the population of hybrids. Coefficients of genetic differentiation (GST and of gene flow, (Nm suggested a close relationship of the hybrids to P. mugo which may indicate an introgressive type of the hybrid swarm, from which the studied trees originated. The analysis of genetic similarity coefficients, according to Nei and Hedrick, demonstrated also an extensive similarity of the two hybrid groups to P. mugo. However, upon analysis of individual enzymatic loci, some of them highly resembled P. mugo while others were similar to P. sylvestris. The closest genetic similarity was demonstrated for the group of hybrids from the peatbog and the respective of hybrides group from culture. The variable gene expression as well as asymmetric inheritance of isoenzymes provided additional evidence of the introgressive character of the studied trees from the hybrid population.
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Wagner, Ralf; Insinna, Patrick A; Götz, Bernhard; Junge, Sebastian; Boettger, Tatjana
2007-06-01
The carbon isotope composition (delta(13)C, per thousand) and discrimination (Delta, per thousand) of old grown North American Pinus ponderosa Dougl. Ex P. et C. Laws. and European Pinus sylvestris L. were determined using trees grown under almost identical growing conditions in a mixed stand in Bralitz, Northeast Germany. Single-tree delta(13)C analyses of tree-ring cellulose of both species were carried out at a yearly resolution for the period 1901-2001 and the results compared with growth (basal area increment). Annual mean delta(13)C values for P. ponderosa ranged from-21.6 per thousand to-25.2 per thousand and for P. sylvestris from-21.4 per thousand to-24.4 per thousand. Accordingly, (13)C discrimination (Delta) showed higher values for P. ponderosa throughout the investigation period. Five characteristic periods of Delta were identified for both the tree species, reflecting positive and negative influences of environmental factors. Good growing conditions such as after-thinning events had a positive effect on Delta, reflecting higher values, while poor conditions like aridity and air pollution had a negative influence, reflecting lower values. The dynamics of Delta were likewise reflected in the growth (basal area increment, BAI). Higher (13)C discrimination values of P. ponderosa led to higher BAIs of P. ponderosa in comparison with P. sylvestris. Correlation function analyses confirmed that P. sylvestris was more dependent on precipitation than P. ponderosa, which showed a closer relationship with temperature. The results confirm that under predominantly dry growing conditions, P. ponderosa showed better growth performance than P. sylvestris, indicating better common intrinsic water-use efficiency and, therefore, higher rates of net photosynthesis at a given transpiration. In view of the prospect of climate change, the results are very significant for assessing both trees' physiological properties and, hence, their potential for coping with future growing
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Ruth Esther Gutiérrez Meza
2011-07-01
Full Text Available El presente estudio se centra en la manera como el control territorial y la disputa por el poder sobre la circulación mercantil dinamizaron las relaciones sociales de los individuos que habitaron el Caribe colombiano en la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII, más específicamente, en la península de la Guajira. Se mostrará como los pobladores de esta península se favorecieron de la geografía de su territorio para vincularse a las dinámicas de la circulación mercantil mediante la ejecución de prácticas como el contrabando.
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Gerson dos Santos LISBOA
2015-06-01
Full Text Available Este trabalho teve como objetivo quantificar e modelar a biomassa em plantações de Pinus elliottii Engelm., com diferentes idades, no município de Clevelândia, Estado do Paraná. Os dados para a realização deste estudo foram provenientes de 25 povoamentos com idades de 1 a 25 anos, totalizando 125 árvores, sendo 5 para cada idade. As árvores foram derrubadas e seccionadas nos compartimentos: acículas, galhos vivos, galhos mortos, raízes, estruturas reprodutivas, madeira do fuste e casca do fuste. Em seguida, uma amostra de cada componente foi tomada para a obtenção de matéria seca. A ordenação da biomassa nos distintos componentes se distribuiu na ordem: madeira do fuste > raiz > casca > galhos vivos > acículas (estrutura fotossintética > galhos mortos e estruturas reprodutivas. Visando à obtenção de estimativas do peso de biomassa nos diferentes compartimentos da árvore por meio de variáveis dendrométricas, foram ajustados vários modelos matemáticos, entre eles, modelos tradicionalmente encontrados na literatura florestal. De uma maneira geral, a quantidade de biomassa da maioria dos componentes, apresentou alta relação com as variáveis dendrométricas, resultando em equações adequadas, exceto para os componentes galhos mortos e estruturas reprodutivas. As equações geradas para estimativa de peso total e dos componentes arbóreos da biomassa nas árvores de Pinus elliottii Engelm. são importantes ferramentas para análises técnicas, planejamento de projetos e estudos de viabilidade para uso da madeira. This study aimed to quantify and model the biomass in Pinus elliottii Engelm. plantations, with different ages, in the city of Clevelândia, state of Paraná. The data for this study came from 25 forest stands aged 1-25 years totaling 125 trees, 5 for each age. Trees were felled and sectioned in the compartments: needles, live branches, dead branches, roots, reproductive structures, wood stem and bark stem. Then
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Aplicação do método de análise do tronco a povoamentos de Pinus pinaster na Zona do Pinhal
Grácio, C.
1992-01-01
Apresenta um estudo dendrométrico baseado na aplicação do método de análise do tronco em povoamentos de Pinus pinaster pertencentes a alguns concelhos do distrito de Castelo Branco. É uma abordagem preliminar integrada num projeto em curso na ESA-IPCB sobre "Estudos de Crescimento de e Produção em Povoamentos de Pinus pinaster na Região da Beira Interior".
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CO2 AND O3 ALTER PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND WATER VAPOR EXCHANGE FOR PINUS PONDEROSA NEEDLES
1. Effects of CO2 and O3 were determined for a key component of ecosystem carbon and water cycling: needle gas exchange (photosynthesis, conductance, transpiration and water use efficiency). The measurements were made on Pinus ponderosa seedlings grown in outdoor, sunlit, mesoc...
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Stand density reductions have been proposed as a method by which old-growth ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests of North America can be converted back to pre-1900 conditions, thereby reducing the danger of catastrophic forest fires and insect attacks while increasing product...
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Application of near-infrared spectroscopy to predict microfibril angle of 14-year-old Pinus patula
CSIR Research Space (South Africa)
Zbonak, A
2006-09-01
Full Text Available An investigation was conducted to test the feasibility of near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) as a tool for predicting the microfibril angle (MFA) of solid wood samples of Pinus patula. Thirty 14 year-old trees were selected from three compartments...
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MIGRAÇÃO E APROPRIAÇÃO DA OBRA DE FAULKNER NO CARIBE leituras de Edouard Glissant
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Eurídice Figueiredo
2012-12-01
Full Text Available Este artigo propõe uma leitura cruzada das obras de Edouard Glissant e William Faulkner a partir de duas obras do escritor martinicano: o ensaio Faulkner, Mississipi e o romance Sartorius. No primeiro, ele dá ênfase a questões presentes em sua própriaobra romanesca: a genealogia, a relação com o espaço daplantação, a mestiçagem, a (ilegitimidade de direitos dos brancos sobre a terra, a opacidade. Já no romance, ele traça uma linhagem genealógica de um personagem pertencente a uma etnia africana imaginária; paralelamente, há a linhagem genealógica dos Sartoris. Pretendo mostrar como o projeto literário de Glissant dialoga com a obra de Faulkner, perscrutando e inventariandoas mesmas perplexidades em relação à migração de populações esua reinserção no espaço das plantações, seja no Sul dos Estados Unidos ou nas ilhas do Caribe.
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Carlos Federico Domínguez Avila
2008-01-01
Full Text Available O artigo aborda as relações econômicas, políticas e de segurança internacional vigentes entre o Brasil e os 25 países da bacia do Caribe - México, América Central, Antilhas, Colômbia, Venezuela, Guiana e Suriname, além de uma dezena de territórios coloniais administrados por potências extra-regionais. Constata-se que as relações econômicas são muito intensas, especialmente em termos comerciais e de investimentos produtivos. O diálogo político entre as partes é construtivo, relevante e cada vez mais significativo. No que diz respeito às questões de segurança, vale destacar suas convergências, bem como certas divergências de natureza geopolítica derivadas do projeto brasileiro para a América do Sul. No final do artigo, propõem-se três cenários plausíveis para o futuro das relações entre Brasil e Caribe.The paper explores the economic, political and security relations between Brazil and the 25 Caribbean countries - Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean islands, Colombia, Venezuela, Guiana and Suriname, inasmuch the colonial territories. The text suggest that the economic relations are very intensive. The political dialogue is constructive. In the security field, there are some convergences and divergences derived from the brazilian=s South American project. At the end, the paper consider three reasonable scenarios for the Brazilian-Caribbean relations.
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Fernanda Karstedt
2008-12-01
Full Text Available Os sistemas florestais de Santa Catarina são poucos estudados em relação à diversidade de Agaricales. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar e comparar a diversidade de Agaricales em dois sistemas florestais, no município de Joinville, SC. Parcelas de 20×20 m foram estabelecidas: três em Floresta Ombrófila Densa e três em plantações de Pinus. Basidiomas de fungos agaricóides foram coletados em janeiro, março, maio, julho, setembro e novembro/2004. Foram identificadas 40 espécies, 31 na Floresta e 10 nas plantações. A família mais representada foi Tricholomataceae, com 48% das espécies registradas na Floresta. As espécies com maior abundância relativa foram Camarophyllus buccinulus (41% na Floresta e Lactarius cf. fragilis (53% nas plantações. As mesmas espécies foram também as mais freqüentes, com 44% e 78% de freqüência de ocorrência, respectivamente. Considerando a riqueza de espécies e o índice de diversidade de Shannon, o estudo sugere que há maior diversidade de Agaricales na Floresta do que nas plantações de Pinus.Forest systems in Santa Catarina state are virtually unknown regarding Agaricales diversity. Our goal was to determine and compare the Agaricales diversity of two forest systems in Joinville municipality, SC. Plots of 20×20 m were established: three in the Atlantic rain forest and three in Pinus plantations. Basidiomata of Agaricales were collected in January, March, May, July, September and November/2004. Forty species were identified, 31 in the forest and 10 in the plantations. Tricholomataceae was the most important family, with 48% of the species found in the forest. The species with the highest relative abundance were Camarophyllus buccinulus (41% and Lactarius cf. fragilis (53% in the forest and in the plantations, respectively. These were also the most frequent species recovered in the forest and in the plantations, with frequency values of 44% and 78%, respectively. Considering species
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Benjamin Trammell; Justin Hart; Callie Schweitzer; Daniel C. Dey; Michael Steinberg
2017-01-01
Increasingly, forest managers intend to create or maintain mixed Pinus-hardwood stands. This stand assemblage may be driven by a variety of objectives but is often motivated by the desire to enhance native forest diversity and promote resilience to perturbations. Documenting the effects of natural disturbances on species composition and stand...
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Taïbi, Khaled; Del Campo, Antonio D; Vilagrosa, Alberto; Bellés, José M; López-Gresa, María Pilar; Pla, Davinia; Calvete, Juan J; López-Nicolás, José M; Mulet, José M
2017-01-01
Drought is one of the main constraints determining forest species growth, survival and productivity, and therefore one of the main limitations for reforestation or afforestation. The aim of this study is to characterize the drought response at the physiological and molecular level of different Pinus halepensis (common name Aleppo pine) seed sources, previously characterized in field trials as drought-sensitive or drought-tolerant. This approach aims to identify different traits capable of predicting the ability of formerly uncharacterized seedlings to cope with drought stress. Gas-exchange, water potential, photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugars, free amino acids, glutathione and proteomic analyses were carried out on control and drought-stressed seedlings in greenhouse conditions. Gas-exchange determinations were also assessed in field-planted seedlings in order to validate the greenhouse experimental conditions. Drought-tolerant seed sources presented higher values of photosynthetic rates, water use efficiency, photosynthetic pigments and soluble carbohydrates concentrations. We observed the same pattern of variation of photosynthesis rate and maximal efficiency of PSII in field. Interestingly drought-tolerant seed sources exhibited increased levels of glutathione, methionine and cysteine. The proteomic profile of drought tolerant seedlings identified two heat shock proteins and an enzyme related to methionine biosynthesis that were not present in drought sensitive seedlings, pointing to the synthesis of sulfur amino acids as a limiting factor for drought tolerance in Pinus halepensis . Our results established physiological and molecular traits useful as distinctive markers to predict drought tolerance in Pinus halepensis provenances that could be reliably used in reforestation programs in drought prone areas.
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Khaled Taïbi
2017-07-01
Full Text Available Drought is one of the main constraints determining forest species growth, survival and productivity, and therefore one of the main limitations for reforestation or afforestation. The aim of this study is to characterize the drought response at the physiological and molecular level of different Pinus halepensis (common name Aleppo pine seed sources, previously characterized in field trials as drought-sensitive or drought-tolerant. This approach aims to identify different traits capable of predicting the ability of formerly uncharacterized seedlings to cope with drought stress. Gas-exchange, water potential, photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugars, free amino acids, glutathione and proteomic analyses were carried out on control and drought-stressed seedlings in greenhouse conditions. Gas-exchange determinations were also assessed in field-planted seedlings in order to validate the greenhouse experimental conditions. Drought-tolerant seed sources presented higher values of photosynthetic rates, water use efficiency, photosynthetic pigments and soluble carbohydrates concentrations. We observed the same pattern of variation of photosynthesis rate and maximal efficiency of PSII in field. Interestingly drought-tolerant seed sources exhibited increased levels of glutathione, methionine and cysteine. The proteomic profile of drought tolerant seedlings identified two heat shock proteins and an enzyme related to methionine biosynthesis that were not present in drought sensitive seedlings, pointing to the synthesis of sulfur amino acids as a limiting factor for drought tolerance in Pinus halepensis. Our results established physiological and molecular traits useful as distinctive markers to predict drought tolerance in Pinus halepensis provenances that could be reliably used in reforestation programs in drought prone areas.
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Luis Ferney Ortiz
2012-03-01
Full Text Available Aunque los gasterópodos son uno de los grupos más abundantes en los manglares del Caribe, poco se sabe del ámbito de especies particulares debido al enfoque comunitario de la mayoría de los estudios. El ámbito de las poblaciones de L. angulifera y N. virginea fue estudiado en la Ecorregión Darién, Caribe colombiano. El muestreo se realizó entre junio y agosto 2009, se recolectaron 3 963 individuos de ambas especies, a los cuales se les midió la talla de la concha. La Ecorregión presentó diferencias espaciales en el ámbito de la salinidad del agua a nivel superficial, la cobertura de manglar y el ámbito de las poblaciones. En la parte externa de la Ecorregión, L. angulifera presentó el mayor porcentaje de aparición (84.8% en comparación a N. virginea (15.2%. En el interior N. virginea presentó el mayor porcentaje (84.6%, mientras L. angulifera apareció solo en bahía Turbo (15.4%. Se encontraron diferencias en el ámbito de tallas promedio de las conchas, donde L. angulifera varió entre 6 y 22mm y N. virginea entre 6 y 12mm dentro del Golfo. Se confirma que L. angulifera es una especie de carácter estenohalina y marina, mientras que N. virginea es eurihalina y estuarina.
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Ishtiaq, M.; Noreen, M.; Maqbool, M.; Hussain, T.
2015-01-01
Pinus tree plays a pivotal role in commercial revenue generation, domestic lives of rural communities and sustaining of climate of Azad Kashmir. Pinus grows in forest as wild species but due to harsh environmental parameters it is also cultivated in nurseries for propagation and plantation. In this research, injurious impacts of mycofloral diversity on seed germination of Pinus roxburghii Sarg. in nature (forest) and nurseries were explored from different localities of Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. In the analysis two protocols viz., blotter method (BM) and agar plate method (APM) were employed and 11 fungal species of nine genera were isolated. APM was found better (66a ± +-0.32) than BM (60a ± 0.09). The prevalence of different isolated taxa was as: Aspergillus niger (42.75%), Aspergillus flavus (24.0%), Botrytis sp (14.25%), Botryosphaeria sp. (17.75%), Cladosporium cladosporioides (32.75%), Drechslera sp. (5.75%), Fusarium sp. (47.50%), Penecillium sp. (7.25%), Rhizopus stolonifer (11.50%), Rhizopus oryzae (13.0%) and Mucor sp.(7.0%). Pathogenicity analysis depicted that Fusarium was the most harmful (15.75e ± 0.54), followed by Aspergillus flavus (20.50d ± 0.32), Aspergillus niger (25.75c ± 0.42) and Rhizopus sp. (35.75b ± 0.12). Different pathogenicity results of analyzed fungal species were found in different areas and it was highest in Muzaffarabad (52.0%), Kotli (45.6%), Samahni (42.4 %) and least in Bhimber (36.0 %). Radical length (mm) of Pinus roxburghii was severely affected by Aspergillus flavus (46.6a ± 0.44) in Muzaffarabad, Rhizopus sp. (44.1a ± 0.72) in Samahni, Fusarium sp.( 42.5a ± 0.28) in Kotali, Aspergillus niger (37.8a ± 0.44) in Samahni, respectively. The tested species showed that plumule length (mm) of samples was most retarded in Muzaffarbad (37.98%) and least affected in Mirpur (24.58%). The results depict that fungi do cause damage to seed germination and growth of seedlings in nature and nurseries and these findings will be useful
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Marcio Ricardo Serpa
2009-09-01
Full Text Available This work has had as its objectives to evaluate different covering materials and physical protector's use in the forest population of Pinus taeda L. in direct sowing in the field. Three materials were used: vermiculit, dried and pricked pine needles, peel of rice and reference without covering, with and without physical protector (plastic cup of 300 ml, without botton, with five replications. The sowing was accomplished in the first half of May of 1997, being used three seeds per point. The evaluations done were: emergency at the 60 and 90 days, survival at the 120, 180 and 210 days and population density at the 210 days after sowing. The variance and averages analysis (Duncan 5%, has allowed to conclude that: the vermiculit and pine needles affected beneficially the number of plants emerged in the first 60 days, that is the most critical phase for the future of the forest population of Pinus taeda; the physical protector, provides the formation of a microenvironment, that guarantees larger percentage in the emergence, survival and initial density of plants of Pinus taeda; the direct sowing demonstrated to be a viable technique.
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Epperson, B K; Telewski, F W; Plovanich-Jones, A E; Grimes, J E
2001-06-01
The widely distributed Pinus subsection Ponderosae is a species complex that has a transition zone among taxa in the southwestern United States. In southern Arizona and New Mexico at least two recognized taxa, Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum and Pinus arizonica or P. ponderosa var. arizonica, are known to coexist in close proximity. In this study, we report the existence of populations where the taxa are sympatric. One of the key characteristics distinguishing taxa is the number of needles per fascicle; P. ponderosa typically has three, P. arizonica has five. We examined the spatial distribution of needle-number types in a belt transect that covers a transition zone from nearly pure three-needle types at the top of Mount Lemmon to five-needle types downslope, in the Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona. The spatial distribution is inconsistent with there being both free interbreeding among types and selective neutrality of types. Trees with intermediate types, having combinations of three, four, and five needles and/or mean numbers of needles between 3.0 and 5.0, are spatially concentrated in the middle of the transition zone. The spatial distribution supports the occurrence of hybridization and introgression, and this is consistent with reported crossabilities of the types. The results suggest that selection is acting, either on needle number per se or on other traits of the ecotype with which it may be in linkage disequilibrium, to maintain the observed steep clinal differentiation.
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Strenght of the glue line of edge glued panels of Pinus taeda made with different adhesives
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Merielen de Carvalho Lopes
2013-12-01
Full Text Available The study compares the strength of the glue line of edge glued panels of Pinus taeda made with different industrial adhesives. Three types of adhesives (poly(vinyl acetate (PVAc, emulsion polymer isocyanate (EPI and polyurethane (PU glued in two side gluing orientation (radial and tangential and analyzed after the conditioning tests (dry and wet were analyzed. The 360 specimens were prepared for determining the shear strength of edge glued panels of Pinus taeda, and these were tested in a universal testing machine called EMIC. The shear strength of the glue line at dry condition was lower in the tangential side for the three types of adhesives analyzed. The PU adhesive showed the highest values of shear strength in the applied conditions, differing from PVAc and EPI adhesive when tested on dry condition and did not differ from the others adhesives when tested on wet condition. The highest percentage of wood failure was observed after the shear strength test at dry condition to EPI adhesive glued in the radial side. And in the wet condition, the EPI adhesive and PU adhesive glued in tangential side showed higher mean values of wood failure. Thus, it was possible to conclude that the strength of the glue line of Pinus taeda wood was influenced by the type of adhesive and side gluing orientation, and showed differently behavior according to the condition of use (wet or dry.
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Beatriz Goenaga Conde
2009-08-01
Full Text Available La literatura caribeña, por filiación histórico - cultural, pertenece a y es fiel exponente de la cultura latinoamericana. Su literariedad se ha construido sobre la base de un discurso identitario de defensa de su cultura única y, a la vez plural, que la distingue de los referentes occidentales preestablecidos por los centros de poder socioeconómico. El siguiente trabajo muestra los momentos y fases fundamentales de la evolución y desarrollo de la expresión identitaria caribeña a través de una selección cuidadosa de ejemplos de su discurso literario, con vistas a promover una cabal comprensión de los valores extra literarios de esta literatura. Puesto que este discurso literario se alza sobre un supuesto ideoestético de profunda raigambre ontológica, aproximarse a él presupone penetrar en la esencia de la historia y del patrimonio cultural de esta área. Por ello, dado el valor de este tema, se recomienda su estudio por la importancia que tiene para la formación sociocultural de los docentes cubanos, especialmente aquellos que laboran en entornos multiculturales.Due to historical and cultural filiations, the Caribbean literature is part and a true example of the Latin American culture. Its literary particularities are based on an identity discourse, which defends a unique and, at the same time, plural culture that distinguishes it from western referents pre-established by socioeconomic power centers. This paper presents the fundamental evolution and development phases of the Caribbean identity expression. Some examples of this literary discourse were carefully selected to further an accurate understanding of its extra literary values. Since this literary discourse is based on an aesthetic ideal of deeply ontological roots, an approach to it means penetrating the essence of the region’s history and cultural patrimony. The study of the topic is important to form Cuban professors socioculturally, particularly those who work in
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Gerson Luiz Selle
2010-04-01
Full Text Available O sistema radicular é responsável direto pelo crescimento e sustentação das plantas, em especial das espécies florestais. As raízes finas (menor 2 mm, por sua vez, são as principais responsáveis pela absorção dos nutrientes necessários para o desenvolvimento e crescimento da planta. O gênero Pinus tem crescido em importância nos últimos anos em função de sua adaptabilidade a condições adversas do local, bem como sua grande versatilidade no que diz respeito à comercialização de sua madeira e demais produtos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo quantificar a biomassa de raízes finas e analisar alguns parâmetros edáficos em um povoamento de Pinus sp. plantado em Santa Maria (RS. A biomassa radicular e a densidade do solo foram avaliadas em seis profundidades de solo (0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50 e 50-60 cm e três posições: na linha de plantio; na entre linha de plantio; entre quatro plantas, em um povoamento de Pinus sp., com idade de sete anos, localizado em uma área pertencente à Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. A densidade do solo não apresentou diferença significativa ao longo do perfil do solo, não tendo, portanto, influência sobre os resultados de biomassa nas diferentes profundidades. A biomassa radicular encontrada no povoamento foi de 1606,3 kg ha-1 sendo que, 40,6% estavam nos primeiros dez centímetros do solo, diminuindo como o aumento da profundidade. Essa mesma tendência foi registrada para o teor de matéria orgânica, saturação por bases, bem como a quantidade de nutrientes, fatores estes que apresentaram estreita correlação com a quantidade de biomassa. Teor de alumínio e soma de bases aumentaram conforme o aumento da profundidade, mas apresentaram também uma estreita correlação com a biomassa. Os diferentes locais de coleta não diferiram estatisticamente entre si. AbstractThe root system is directly responsible for the growth and support of the plants, especially for the forests
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Alternativas de financiamiento de la atención médica en América Latina y el Caribe
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Campino Antonio Carlos Coelho
1995-01-01
Full Text Available Dada la magnitud del problema de salud en los paises de America Latina y el Caribe, el déficit de recursos financieros necesarios para proveer atención médica no se puede cubrir a través de aumentos en los precios, o adoptando medidas como pago por servicio o cobro por los costos de los servicios. Es necesario recurrir a la política fiscal. Se demuestra que es posible aumentar los recursos disponibles para la atención médica, tanto por el aumento en la recaudación de impuestos, como por la toma de decisión política de aumentar los ingresos del gobierno destinados a financiar la atención médica. Se revisa la experiencia de los Fondos de Emergencia Social y de las operaciones de cambio de deuda por salud como importantes fuentes adicionales de recursos especialmente para financiar la inversión.
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Alternativas de financiamiento de la atención médica en América Latina y el Caribe
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Antonio Carlos Coelho Campino
1995-06-01
Full Text Available Dada la magnitud del problema de salud en los paises de America Latina y el Caribe, el déficit de recursos financieros necesarios para proveer atención médica no se puede cubrir a través de aumentos en los precios, o adoptando medidas como pago por servicio o cobro por los costos de los servicios. Es necesario recurrir a la política fiscal. Se demuestra que es posible aumentar los recursos disponibles para la atención médica, tanto por el aumento en la recaudación de impuestos, como por la toma de decisión política de aumentar los ingresos del gobierno destinados a financiar la atención médica. Se revisa la experiencia de los Fondos de Emergencia Social y de las operaciones de cambio de deuda por salud como importantes fuentes adicionales de recursos especialmente para financiar la inversión.
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Assonov, S. S. [Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz (Germany); Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (JRC-IRMM), European Commission, Geel (Belgium); Brenninkmeijer, C. A.M.; Schuck, T. J. [Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz (Germany); Taylor, P. [Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (JRC-IRMM), European Commission, Geel (Belgium)
2013-07-15
In 2007-2009 JRC-IRMM, in collaboration with the project CARIBIC (Civil Aircraft for Regular Investigation of the atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container, www.caribicatmospheric. com), conducted systematic measurements aimed to study the global distribution of CO{sub 2} isotopic composition. A large data set for the upper troposphere-lowermost stratosphere and free troposphere was obtained. For the first time it is demonstrated how CO{sub 2} isotope signals reflect global scale variability in air mass origin. Tight correlations observed arise either from stratosphere/troposphere mixing or from mixing of background air and air masses affected by CO{sub 2} sources and sinks, over long distances and throughout the seasons. The high quality {delta}{sup 18}O(CO{sub 2}) data prove to be a useful tracer reflecting long range CO{sub 2} transport and also CO{sub 2} exchange with land biosphere and soils. The data provide a benchmark for future comparisons and are available for modelling studies. (author)
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Álvaro Franco-Giraldo
2006-05-01
Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Evaluar el impacto del ajuste estructural sobre los indicadores de salud en América Latina y el Caribe durante el período de 1980-2000. MÉTODOS: Se trata de un estudio ecológico. Los datos del gasto público y del producto interno bruto per cápita (PIBpc se tomaron del Banco Mundial y los de la esperanza de vida (EV y mortalidad infantil (MI, de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. El ajuste estructural (adelgazamiento del Estado se evaluó mediante el cambio en el consumo de gobierno (la reducción del gasto público en los países de América Latina y el Caribe en la década de 1980-1990. El cambio en los indicadores de salud se midió por la variación porcentual de la EV y la MI. Se compararon estas variaciones en América Latina y el Caribe con las observadas en diferentes grupos de países de otras regiones del mundo durante el período de 1980-2000. Se determinaron las asociaciones entre la reducción del gasto público y los indicadores de salud mediante la prueba de Pearson. Para estimar el efecto de los cambios sobre la salud se construyó un modelo de regresión lineal multifactorial ajustado según el PIBpc. RESULTADOS: Se observó una ralentización del incremento de la EV y del descenso de la MI en América Latina y el Caribe, especialmente en la década de 1980-1990. Se encontraron asociaciones significativas entre la variación de los indicadores de salud y el cambio del gasto público en todos los grupos de países analizados. Al ajustar el modelo de regresión múltiple, las asociaciones solo se mantuvieron en América Latina y el Caribe. CONCLUSIONES: En la década de 1980, el ajuste de las políticas macroeconómicas tuvo un efecto negativo sobre los indicadores sociales, específicamente sobre los relacionados con la situación de salud en América Latina y el Caribe. Estos efectos se siguieron observando durante la década siguiente.OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of structural adjustment on health
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Sérgio Antônio Lemos de Morais
2005-06-01
Full Text Available Neste estudo foram analisados os principais componentes químicos da madeira de Pinus oocarpa, cultivado na região do cerrado. A composição química dessa madeira foi: 59,05% de a-celulose, 21,22% de hemiceluloses A e B, 25,18% de lignina, 2,78% de extrativos em diclorometano, 4,38% de extrativos em etanol:tolueno, 4,31% de extrativos em água quente e 1,26% de cinzas. O conteúdo de celulose foi relativamente elevado, indicando que essa madeira possui grande potencial para produção de pasta de celulose. Investigou-se, também, a composição dos extrativos. Os principais constituintes do extrato diclorometano dessa madeira foram os ácidos diterpênicos, além dos ácidos palmítico e oléico. No óleo essencial, extraído por aparelho de Clevenger, os principais componentes identificados foram aromadendreno, ledano, hexadecanal e ácido oléico.The chemical composition of Pinus oocarpa wood cultivated in the Brazilian cerrado was established. The obtained results were: a-cellulose (59.05%, hemicelluloses A and B (21.22%, lignin (25.18%, dichloromethane extractives (2.78%, ethanol:toluene extractives (4.38%, hot water extractives (4.31% and ash (1.26%. The cellulose content was high. This result opens perspectives for using Pinus oocarpa wood in pulp and paper industries. Most of the dichloromethane extractives were diterpenic, palmitic and oleic acids. The volatile composition, obtained by means of the Clevenger method followed by GC-MS analysis was constituted mainly by aromadendrene, ledane, hexadecanal and oleic acid.
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SEGIO PAOLO SOLANO
2013-05-01
Full Text Available Este artículo trata sobre la relación entre la capacidad de acumulación de capitales por parte de la elite empresarial de Barranquilla, la inversión en industrias y el tipo de unidad fabril que surgió en esta ciudad entre 1900 y 1934. La historiografía reciente explica la debilidad del desarrollo fabril de la región Caribe colombiana en función de la inelasticidad del mercado regional, la ausencia de productos regionales con destino a los mercados internacionales, el cambio del sistema de transporte nacional, el despegue del puerto de Buenaventura en la costa Pacífica que desplazó a los puertos sobre la costa Caribe y las políticas económicas del gobierno central. En este ensayo intentamos mostrar que esa debilidad también se explica por la naturaleza de los empresarios que las originaron y por las restricciones que tuvo la acumulación de capital en manos de éstos durante el periodo en estudio. Creemos que el monopolio que durante varios decenios tuvieron los empresarios de la región Caribe sobre las exportaciones e importaciones sirviendo en la mayor de las veces como simples intermediarios y comisionistas se desarticuló con el despegue del modelo agroexportador a comienzos del siglo XX, diseñado para que los comerciantes y productores de las zonas del interior del país se relacionaran de forma directa y sin intermediaciones con los mercados extranjeros. En consecuencia lo que mostramos es que no existió una línea de continuidad entre las actividades empresariales del siglo XIX y las de comienzos de la siguiente centuria, lo que terminó afectando las posibilidades del sostenimiento y ensanche de las industrias. Abstract This article discusses the relationship between the capacity of accumulation of capital by the business elite of Barranquilla, investment in industry and manufacturing unit of the type that emerged in this city between 1900 and 1934. Recent history explains the weakness of the industrial development of the
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Catalina Toro Pérez
2011-01-01
Full Text Available ¿Podemos pensar acaso en una agenda norteamericana alternativa hacia la América Andina y el Caribe en el contexto de la transición del gobierno republicano-demócrata en los Estados Unidos? Partimos de considerar que el proyecto de hegemonía militar, económica y comercial estadounidense en América Latina no está siendo cuestionado. Si bien existen nuevas e importantes transformaciones en las agendas domesticas internas que se expresan en los reclamos de los sectores sociales en los Estados Unidos por el desarrollo de una nueva agenda económica y social, y la necesidad de una transformación profunda en las relaciones internacionales, la política exterior hacia Latinoamérica continua orientándose a partir de las agendas de seguridad hemisférica y libre comercio. En este artículo mostraremos cómo estos dos grandes componentes de la política exterior se conjugan a lo largo de los gobiernos republicanos y demócratas desde los años cincuentas hasta hoy. Señalaremos como las principales fuerzas políticas en el contexto de la confrontación electoral por la presidencia de los Estados Unidos (2008 contribuyeron a legitimar estas agendas, para la América Andina y el Caribe, fortaleciendo sus vínculos con Colombia y México, principalmente, como estrategia de contención de la avanzada de los denominados gobiernos progresistas.
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Los escenarios sociales en América Latina y el Caribe
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Kliksberg Bernardo
2000-01-01
Full Text Available Las más variadas fuentes han destacado la magnitud y profundidad de los problemas que sacuden a América Latina y el Caribe en el campo social y los riesgos que suponen para la democracia. Aunque hay otros que también merecerían ser considerados, en este artículo se reseñan sumariamente nueve problemas sociales clave de gran impacto en la Región: 1 el aumento de la pobreza, 2 su impacto, 3 el desempleo y la informalidad del empleo, 4 las carencias en materia de salud pública, 5 los problemas de la educación, 6 los nuevos pobres, 7 la erosión de la familia, 8 el aumento de la criminalidad y 9 el círculo perverso de la exclusión. La solución de estos problemas no admite demoras. Urge dar el salto a una visión integrada del desarrollo que logre un tipo de equilibrio diferente entre las políticas económicas y sociales, y que reconozca el papel imprescindible de estas últimas en la obtención de un desarrollo que tenga bases realmente sostenibles. Están en juego problemas no solo de recursos, sino también de prioridades, de grados de equidad y de organización social. El enfrentamiento de la pobreza y la inequidad en la Región requiere una revisión profunda de las consecuencias sociales de las políticas económicas, del crucial tema de la inequidad latinoamericana, la mayor del mundo, y del papel de las políticas sociales. Se necesita también una revalorización del papel de las políticas públicas.
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Ronald Maestre-Serrano
2013-08-01
Full Text Available Introducción. Los mosquitos del género Haemagogus son importantes en salud pública, porque algunas de sus especies han sido involucradas como vectores del virus de la fiebre amarilla en su ciclo selvático. Objetivo. Actualizar la distribución de especies del género Haemagogus en las áreas urbanas y periurbanas de los departamentos de Atlántico y Sucre de la Región Caribe. Materiales y métodos. El material entomológico se recolectó mediante larvitrampas en los departamentos de Atlántico y Sucre, durante los años 2010 y 2011. El 80 % de los ejemplares inmaduros se preservó en alcohol al 70 %; algunos se mantuvieron vivos para obtener series entomológicas. La determinación taxonómica se hizo con las claves y descripciones de Arnell (1973. Resultados. En Atlántico, 2,32 % (871 de los 37.573 Culicidae inmaduros eran larvas del género Haemagogus. En Sucre se recolectaron 44 larvas del mismo género (1,22 % de los 3. 611 culícidos. Las especies del género Haemagogus fueron determinadas o identificadas como Hg. equinus, Hg.anastasionis y Hg. celeste en ambos departamentos. En los dos, la mayor abundancia de especies del género Haemagogus se registró durante los meses de mayor precipitación, de junio a noviembre. Conclusión. Se registra la presencia de Hg. anastasionis, Hg. celeste y Hg. equinus en recipientes artificiales en áreas urbanas y periurbanas de los departamentos de Atlántico y Sucre, y se amplía su distribución en la Región Caribe colombiana. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.v33i0.706
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Ángel G. Quintero Rivera
2008-01-01
Full Text Available La ponencia examina el arte de la improvisación vocal (o soneo de Ismael Rivera (Maelo, reconocido como “ el Sonero Mayor ” de la música “tropical”. Analiza cómo mucha de la riqueza del soneo de Maelo, más que en la retahíla de palabras que improvisa, se encuentra en el swing de su manera de hilvanar esas improvisaciones, desarrollando modulaciones rítmicas a l a manera del bailador en diálogo con el tambor repicador en la memoria caribeña de sus primeras músicas emergiendo de su herencia cultural africana. Estas primeras músicas partían de una realidad, en medida considerable, “despalabrada”, terrible carimbo de la esclavitud. El análisis del soneo de Maelo es muy importante para comprender la salsa, un movimiento musical liderado por la diáspora caribeña en Nueva York que alcanzó una enorme difusión internacional. Su trayectoria como cantante se ubica en los añ os de transición entre la música afrocaribeña tradicional y las nuevas sonoridades que asume esa música en la expresión salsera. Fue, de hecho, en Nueva York a donde emigró en 1967 y como parte del boom salsero que se iniciaba entonces, que su soneo alca nzó su máximo desarrollo artístico, pero incorporando siempre la memoria ancestral y el hondo sentido comunal de sus inicios sobre todo con el Combo de Cortijo en los barrios populares del Puerto Rico de los años cincuenta. La manera como Maelo “apalabró” su swing le imprimió una gran riqueza libertaria al soneo salsero convirtiéndolo en uno de los nuevos elementos centrales de dicha sonoridad diaspórica.
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Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil from cones of Pinus koraiensis.
Lee, Jeong-Ho; Yang, Hye-Young; Lee, Hong-Sub; Hong, Soon-Kwang
2008-03-01
The essential oil from the cones of Pinus koraiensis was prepared after removing the seeds, and its chemical composition analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Hydrodistillation of the P. koraiensis cones yielded 1.07% (v/w) of essential oil, which was almost three times the amount of essential oil extracted from the needles of the same plant. Moreover, the antimicrobial activities of the oil against the growth of Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi were evaluated using the agar disc diffusion method and broth microdilution method. Eighty-seven components, comprising about 96.8% of the total oil, were identified. The most abundant oil components were limonene (27.90%), alpha-pinene (23.89%), beta-pinene (12.02%), 3-carene (4.95%), beta-myrcene (4.53%), isolongifolene (3.35%), (-)-bornyl acetate (2.02%), caryophyllene (1.71%), and camphene (1.54%). The essential oil was confirmed to have significant antimicrobial activities, especially against pathogenic fungal strains such as Candida glabrata YFCC 062 and Cryptococcus neoformans B 42419. Therefore, the present results indicate that the essential oil from the cones of Pinus koraiensis can be used in various ways as a nontoxic and environmentally friendly disinfectant.
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Adauto José Miranda de Lima
2014-01-01
Full Text Available This research was developed with the objective of evaluating the potential use of residues of the production of Pinus spp. sawnwood, as substitution to the fine aggregate of the concrete used for the production of blocks for structural masonry. The evaluation of the physical characteristics (density, porosity and water absorption and mechanics (compression and tension strength of the concrete was evaluated in agreement with the ABNT normalization. Substitutions of the fine aggregate were tested by percentages of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% of residue of Pinus spp. in natura, Pinus spp. in natura and with addition of 4,5% CaCl 2 .2H 2 O and residue of Pinus spp. pre-treated with extraction in cold water for 48 hours (AF-48H. The compositions were initially used for the production, in laboratory, of cylindrical specimens of 50 mm diameter, by the use of a molding system for vibrate-compression and later, for producing blocks, with optimized compositions, in vibrate-press commercial machine. Satisfactory results were obtained with substitutions of up to 50% of the mineral fine aggregate for the residue of Pinus spp.
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Ratola, Nuno; Lacorte, Sílvia; Barceló, Damià; Alves, Arminda
2009-01-15
Two different extraction strategies (microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasonic extraction (USE)) were tested in the extraction of the 16 US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from pine trees. Extraction of needles and bark from two pine species common in the Iberian Peninsula (Pinus pinaster Ait. and Pinus pinea L.) was optimized using two amounts of sample (1g and 5 g) and two PAHs spiking levels (20 ng/g and 100 ng/g). In all cases, the clean-up procedure following extraction consisted in solid-phase extraction (SPE) with alumina cartridges. Quantification was done by gas chromatography (GC) with mass spectrometry (MS), using five deuterated PAH surrogate standards as internal standards. Limits of detection were globally below 0.2 ng/g. The method was robust for the matrices studied regardless of the extraction procedures. Recovery values between 70 and 130% were reached in most cases, except for high molecular weight PAHs (indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, dibenzo[a,h]anthracene and benzo[ghi]perylene). A field study with naturally contaminated samples from eight sites (four in Portugal and four in Catalonia, Spain) showed that needles are more suitable biomonitors for PAHs, yielding concentrations from 2 to 17 times higher than those found in bark. The levels varied according to the sampling site, with the sum of the individual PAH concentrations between 213 and 1773 ng/g (dry weight). Phenanthrene was the most abundant PAH, followed by fluoranthene, naphthalene and pyrene.
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J. A. Hoff; Ned B. Klopfenstein; Geral I. McDonald; Jonalea R. Tonn; Mee-Sook Kim; Paul J. Zambino; Paul F. Hessburg; J. D. Rodgers; T. L. Peever; L. M. Carris
2004-01-01
The fungal community inhabiting large woody roots of healthy conifers has not been well documented. To provide more information about such communities, a survey was conducted using increment cores from the woody roots of symptomless Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) growing in dry forests...
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Demographic change and marriage choices in one Carib family.
Adams, K
1994-03-01
The demographic adaptation of a family of Topside Caribs along the Barama River in Guyana was studied. The family history included two grandfather and granddaughter marriages. Jack Raymond's father, who was born in 1870, left Bottomside after the death of his wife in the 1920s and settled above the falls of the Barama River (Topside in Sawari) with the hope of subsistence living off the rain forest. Information on the grandfather generation was made difficult by name changes, general references to all men in the second generation as grandfathers, and the focus on father's and mother's generation. The typical pattern was for brothers to live close by, and intermarry with a family of sisters. Female children married mother's brothers' sons or father's sisters sons. Their children formed their own cluster settlements. The early history indicated economic hardship, loss of wives, and difficulties in remarrying. The Baird chronicles of the reintroduction of gold mining and the ethnography of Gillin indicated that malaria and round worm were diseases affecting the indigenous population during the 1920s and 1930s. The Topside population was supported by the local gold-mining economy, while the Bottomside population suffered economic hardship and high infant mortality. In the Jack Raymond family, remarriage resulted in children marrying cross cousins. The younger daughter married in the 1940s, when subsistence production of cassava and hunting and gold-mining income provided the family's livelihood. The daughter had 10 surviving children, compared to her adoptive mother's two. For the daughter's generation, the first pregnancy occurred between the ages of 18 and 22 years, and birth spacing was 20-30 months for 25 years. Neither polygyny nor monogamy affected the potential for 12 children. In this Baramita Air Strip population in 1971, there were 62 mothers; reproductive histories were available for 59. The changes in reproductive patterns after 1940 were apparent: for
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Ray J. Hoff
1986-01-01
Necrotic reactions in branch or main stems of western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl.) caused by infection by the blister rust fungus (Cronartium ribicola J. C. Fisch. ex Rabenh.) are a major mechanism of resistance. Overall, 26 percent of the seedlings eliminated the fungus via this defense system. Heritability based upon crossing family groups averaged 33 percent...
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John F. Stewart; Rodney E. Will; Barbara S. Crane; C. Dana Nelson
2016-01-01
Shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) is an important commercial timber resource and forest ecosystem component in the southeastern USA. The species occurs in mainly drier sites as an early- to mid-successional species, is fireadapted, and it plays an important role in the fire ecology of the region. However, shortleaf pine genetics are not well-studied, especially in...
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Chandra Shekher Sanwal
2016-08-01
Full Text Available Background In mid hills of Western Himalayas, Himachal Pradesh India, growth, yield and economics of Solanum khasianum as a potential medicinal herb under Pinus roxburghii (Chir pine plantation has been studied for two consecutive years to assess the performance of Solanum khasianum in undercanopy of Pinus roxburghii for developing Solanum khasianum and Pinus roxburghii based innovative silvi-medicinal system. Methods Growth parameters such as plant height, number of branches per plant and leaf area index followed by yield were estimated after Solanum khasianum was grown on three topographical aspects as; Northern, North - western and Western at a spacing of 45 cm × 45 cm, followed by three tillage depths as; minimum (0 cm, medium (up to 10 cm and deep tillage (up to 15 cm, in open and below canopy conditions treatment. The study was conducted to explore the possibility of using Solanum khasianum based silvi-medicinal system to utilize the below canopy of Chir pine forest for enhancing the productivity of forests besides the conservation of the medicinal herb. Results The growth parameters such as plant height, number of branches per plant and leaf area index were non-significantly affected by topographical aspects and tillage practices, both below canopy and open conditions except fresh weight and dry weight of berries during harvesting stage. The maximum yield (0.61 t∙ha−1 was observed on Western aspect in open conditions as compared to below canopy of Chir pine. The highest gross returns were observed for the crop cultivated on Western aspect under deep tillage in open conditions than other aspect and tillage combinations. However the positive net returns from the crops raised in below canopy of Chir pine indicates its possible economic viability under agroforestry system as the gross returns was higher than the cost of cultivation. Conclusion Solanum khasianum when grown in below canopy of Pinus roxburghii, its growth and yield
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Castañeda Garzón, Sandra Liliana
2014-01-01
A través de la prospección de los recursos fitogenéticos de especies de la familia Annonaceae en Colombia (2009 y 2011), se conformó una población in situ compuesta por 167 accesiones, de cinco especies y un híbrido interespecífico (Annona cherimola, A. glabra, A. reticulata, A. squamosa, Rollinia sp. y A. squamosa x A. cherimola), distribuidas en 13 departamentos y 48 municipios de las regiones Andina y Caribe. Estableciendo y enriqueciendo tres colecciones de trabajo, conform...
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Identificação de Fungos Emboloradores em Madeira de Pinus spp. em Laboratório
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Marilia Lazarotto
Full Text Available RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar, em nível de espécie, fungos emboloradores em madeira não tratada de Pinus spp. estocada em ambiente de laboratório, em Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul. Para tanto, 10 amostras de madeira de pinus atacadas por fungos de bolor foram selecionadas para identificação das estruturas fúngicas por meio de identificação morfológica de esporos e, posteriormente, esses foram isolados e enviados para sequenciamento do fator de elongação 1-alpha (EF-1α, para sua identificação molecular. Foram obtidos cinco isolados do gênero Trichoderma e um isolado do gênero Fusarium. Esses foram identificados por meio de análise molecular como pertencentes às espécies T. atroviride e F. solani, respectivamente.
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Trocha, Lidia K; Weiser, Ewa; Robakowski, Piotr
2016-01-01
Seedlings of forest tree species are exposed to a number of abiotic (organ loss or damage, light shortage) and biotic (interspecific competition) stress factors, which may lead to an inhibition of growth and reproduction and, eventually, to plant death. Growth of the host and its mycorrhizal symbiont is often closely linked, and hence, host damage may negatively affect the symbiont. We designed a pot experiment to study the response of light-demanding Pinus sylvestris and shade-tolerant Fagus sylvatica seedlings to a set of abiotic and biotic stresses and subsequent effects on ectomycorrhizal (ECM) root tip colonization, seedling biomass, and leaf nitrogen content. The light regime had a more pronounced effect on ECM colonization than did juvenile damage. The interspecific competition resulted in higher ECM root tip abundance for Pinus, but this effect was insignificant in Fagus. Low light and interspecific competition resulted in lower seedling biomass compared to high light, and the effect of the latter was partially masked by high light. Leaf nitrogen responded differently in Fagus and Pinus when they grew in interspecific competition. Our results indicated that for both light-demanding (Pinus) and shade-tolerant (Fagus) species, the light environment was a major factor affecting seedling growth and ECM root tip abundance. The light conditions favorable for the growth of seedlings may to some extent compensate for the harmful effects of juvenile organ loss or damage and interspecific competition.
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Agus Sukarno
2013-09-01
Full Text Available Pinus merkusii Jungh et de Vriese merupakan tanaman asli Indonesia, yang sebaran alaminya di Aceh, Tapanuli dan Kerinci. Penyadapan getah dengan metode bor pada kelas umur yang berbeda belum pernah dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui perbedaan produksi getah pinus di antara kelas umur. Penelitian dilakukan di RPH Oro-oro Ombo, BKPH Pujon, KPH Malang pada tanaman pinus kelas umur III, IV, V dan VI dengan ketinggian tempat antara 1.100 m –1.250 m dari permukaan air laut. Waktu penelitian bulan September sampai dengan Nopember 2010. Jumlah pohon yang disadap di setiap kelas umur sebanyak 150 - 160 pohon dengan dua lubang per pohon. Penyadapan getah menggunakan bor mesin, kantong plastik tahan minyak diikatkan pada ujung pipa untuk menampung getah. Pemungutan getah dilakukan sehari setelah penyadapan. Analisis data menggunakan one way anova, apabila terdapat perbedaan yang nyata, dilakukan uji lanjut dengan orthogonal polynomial. Produksi getah di antara kelas umur, menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata. Produksi getah kelas umur III (36,5 g/ 2 lubang/1 hari meningkat pada kelas umur IV (62,9 g/2 lubang/1 hari dan menurun pada kelas umur V (24,61 g/2 lubang/1 hari. Produksi getah pada kelas umur VI (38,3 g/ 2 lubang/1 hari hampir sama dengan kelas umur III. Hasil uji lanjut orthogonal polynomial menunjukkan respons bersifat kuadratik (p=0,09 antara produksi getah dengan kelas umur. Kata Kunci: Pinus, kelas umur, getah, metode bor
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Anna W. Schoettle; Betsy A. Goodrich; Valerie Hipkins; Christopher Richards; Julie Kray
2012-01-01
Pinus aristata Engelm., Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine, has a narrow core geographic and elevational distribution, occurs in disjunct populations, and is threatened by rapid climate change, white pine blister rust, and bark beetles. Knowledge of genetic diversity and population structure will help guide gene conservation strategies for this species. Sixteen sites...
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A.P. Zotikova
2013-12-01
Full Text Available A putative interspecific hybridization in Pinaceae family was investigated. Very rarely the physiological methods were involved in hybridization processes that occurs in the hybrid zones. It is well known that in most gymnosperms, the plastid genome is inherited from the paternal component while the mitochondrion is inherited from the maternal one. Therefore functioning pattern of organelles in the hybrid plant can suggest parent, from which they were inherited. The aim of this study was to indirectly establish the inheritance energy-transducing organelles (mitochondria, chloroplast according to their functioning. Current year needles from Siberian Stone Pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour and Japanese Stone Pine (Pinus pumila (Pall. Regel as parent species and their putative hybrids were collected from Baikal Region. The photosynthesis rate was determined by using the spectrophotometer. The study of emission CO2 under dark respiration of needle was conducted with laser optical-acoustic gasanalyzer. The quantity was measured at 1, 2 and 3 hour after experiment start. The rate of the photoreduction ferricyanide potassium was characterized by the primary photochemical processes activity at the level of photosystem II. Comparison of pure species was shown that Japanese Stone Pine had higher functional activity of chloroplast as compared with SiberianStone Pine in spite of the fact that they are growing in similar environment conditions. Two of three analyzed hybrids had decreasedactivity of their chloroplasts. Unfortunately, in this case we can't conclude if the chloroplasts were inherited from Siberian Stone Pine orfrom Japanese Stone Pine. Chloroplast activity of the third hybrid was approximately similar to that of Japanese Stone Pine suggesting thatits chloroplasts were inherited from this parent. Consequently, the Siberian Stone Pine and the Japanese Stone Pine were maternal and paternal, respectively parents of
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Extraction of cellulose nanofibers from Pinus oocarpa residues
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Manrich, Anny; Martins, Maria Alice, E-mail: anny@daad-alumni.de [EMBRAPA Instrumentacao, Sao Carlos, SP (Brazil); Moraes, Jheyce Cristina; Pasquoloto, Camila [Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos (UFSCar), SP (Brazil)
2016-07-01
Full text: Pinus oocarpa, which wood is moderately hard and tough, is planted in Brazil for reforestation and employed for timber production used in constructions. The wood residues, such as shavings, bark and sawdust represent 30% to 50% of the total volume of wood production, of which the sawdust is 10%{sup 1}. Cellulose nanofibers is nanomaterials having a diameter between 5 nm and 20 nm and a length of up to hundreds of nm. To obtain nanofibers from cellulose sources, such as sisal and sugarcane bagasse, is used chemical processes, in which the lignocellulosic material initially undergoes pre-treatments to promote partial separation of the cellulose, such as mercerisation and bleaching thus disposing lignin and hemicellulose components. Sequentially, by controlled acid hydrolysis, amorphous regions of the cellulose are removed, and crystalline cellulose is isolated in the form of cellulose nanofibers. In this work, nanofibers from sawdust of Pinnus oocarpa, containing 44.8 wt% of cellulose 20.6 wt% hemicellulose and 30.0 wt% insoluble lignin were isolated by mercerisation (NaOH 5%, 80°C, 120 min), followed by bleaching (NaOH + acetic acid + NaClO{sub 2}, 80 deg C, 240min) and acid hydrolysis (60 wt% sulfuric acid, 45 °C, 40min). Nanofibers obtained were characterized by DRX and SEM-FEG. Results showed that, for used conditions, fiber acid hydrolysis was not complete, therefore a biphasic suspension was formed. Crystallinity index achieved was not much higher than that from pinus fiber itself, increasing from 62% to 65% and signs of cellulose type II were observed. SEM images showed elongated fibers, which have diameter of 15 ± 5 nm and length of hundreds of nm, what means that they have a large L/D aspect ratio. Nanofiber extraction yield was very low (1.3 wt% of initial residue). All steps of the process are being reviewed aiming at better results. 1) Morais, S. A. L.; Nascimento E. A. e D. C. Melo, 2005, R. Árvore, 29, 3, 461-470. (author)
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Manrique-Alba, Àngela; Ruiz-Yanetti, Samantha; Moutahir, Hassane; Novak, Klemen; De Luis, Martin; Bellot, Juan
2017-01-01
In Mediterranean areas with limited availability of water, an accurate knowledge of growth response to hydrological variables could contribute to improving management and stability of forest resources. The main goal of this study is to assess the temporal dynamic of soil moisture to better understand the water-growth relationship of Pinus halepensis forests in semiarid areas. The estimates of modelled soil moisture and measured tree growth were used at four sites dominated by afforested Pinus halepensis Mill. in south-eastern Spain with 300 to 609mm mean annual precipitation. Firstly, dendrochronological samples were extracted and the widths of annual tree rings were measured to compute basal area increments (BAI). Secondly, soil moisture was estimated over 20 hydrological years (1992-2012) by means of the HYDROBAL ecohydrological model. Finally, the tree growth was linked, to mean monthly and seasonal temperature, precipitation and soil moisture. Results depict the effect of soil moisture on growth (BAI) and explain 69-73% of the variance in semiarid forests, but only 51% in the subhumid forests. This highlights the fact that that soil moisture is a suitable and promising variable to explain growth variations of afforested Pinus halepensis in semiarid conditions and useful for guiding adaptation plans to respond pro-actively to water-related global challenges. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Biological characterization of young and aged embryogenic cultures of Pinus pinaster (Ait.)
Klimaszewska, Krystyna; Noceda, Carlos; Pelletier, Gervais; Label, Philippe; Rodriguez, Roberto; Lelu-Walter, Marie-Anne
2009-01-01
Pinus pinaster (Ait.) somatic embryogenesis (SE) has been developed during the last decade, and its application in tree improvement programs is underway. Nevertheless, a few more or less important problems still exist, which have an impact on the efficiency of specific SE stages. One phenomenon, which had been observed in embryogenic tissue (embryonal mass, EM) initiated from immature seed, has been the loss of the ability to produce mature somatic embryos after the tissue had been cultured f...
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Short Communication. Physiological effects of Rhizopogon Roseolus on Pinus halepensis seedlings
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J.A. Alfonso Domínguez Núñez
2013-12-01
Full Text Available Aim of study: The inoculation of forest seedlings with ectomycorrhizal fungi can improve the morphological and physiological qualities of plants, especially those used for regeneration of arid areas. Rhizopogon roseolus is an ectomycorrhizal fungus (ECM commonly used for reforestation. In this study, the specific objectives were to know some morphophysiological effects of Rhizopogon Roseolus on Pinus halepensis seedlings under standard nursery conditionsArea of study: ETSI Montes and EUIT Forestal, Madrid.Material and Methods: In nursery, under well watered conditions and peat growing substrates, Aleppo pine seedlings were inoculated with R. roseolus. Five months after the inoculations, we examined the growth, water parameters (osmotic potential at full turgor [Ψπfull], osmotic potential at zero turgor [Ψπ0], and the tissue modulus of elasticity near full turgor [Emax], mycorrhizal colonization, and concentration and content of macronutrients in the seedlings. Subsequently, a trial was conducted to assess the root growth potential.Main results: The mycorrhization decreased the height and diameter of mycorrhizal seedlings but increased the root weight and root branching. R. roseolus did not cause any significant effect on the regeneration of new roots or on any of the tested hydric parameters, but it did improve N uptake of the seedlings.Research highlights: The mycorrhizal inoculation increased the N uptake. The mycorrhizal inoculation caused opposite effects on some growth parametersKeywords: Osmotic adjustment; elastic adjustment; mineral nutrition; root growth potential; nursery; Rhizopogon roseolus; Pinus halepensis.
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Mayara Elita Carneiro; Washington Luiz Esteves Magalhães; Nisgoski Silvana; Graciela Inês Bolzon Muñiz
2013-01-01
A busca por novas tecnologias que garantam a uniformidade da qualidade dos produtos tem se tornado constante, assim este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a potencialidade de medidas espectroscópicas combinadas a ferramentas estatísticas para classificação de lâminas de madeiras de Pinus spp. contaminadas por fungos manchadores. As amostras foram coletadas em processo industrial, e observou-se que algumas lâminas estavam contaminadas por fungos manchadores. Assim, utilizou-se este material ...
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Dendrochronology of bristlecone pine, Pinus longaeva
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Ferguson, C.W.
1979-01-01
Since 1953 the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research has conducted dendrochronological studies of bristlecone pine Pinus longaeva D.K. Bailey, sp. nov.) in the White Mountains of California. This research resulted in the establishment of a continuous tree-ring sequence of 8253 yr. The millennia-old pines have emerged as a unique source of chronological data and the precisely dated wood is essential to certain paleoenvironmental and geophysical investigations. Over 1000 dendrochronologically dated decade samples of bristlecone pine supplied to three C-14 laboratories have been used to calibrate the radiocarbon time scale for the past seven millennia, a development of far reaching consequences in the fields of archaeology and geology. In addition, recent advances in other methods of analyzing past climatic variability - techniques involving stable isotope ratios, amino acid racemization, remanent magnetism and trace element abundances - have greatly increased the demand for wood of known age and, hence, for chronology development. Spanning the past 7500 yr, 1138 prepared decade samples, with a total weight of nearly 16 kg are available for study. (author)
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Sofía Lissbrant
2015-01-01
Full Text Available Este trabajo presenta tres Buenas Prácticas que pueden brindar soluciones a la situación alarmante de inseguridad alimentaria y desnutrición que existe en la región Caribe colombiana, a pesar de tener alta potencialidad de producción de alimentos. Para identificar las Buenas Prácticas se indagaron a cerca de 400 profesionales de entidades públicas, privadas y ONG. Esa encuesta reveló tres ejemplos destacados de Buenas Prácticas que, con métodos distintos, generaron cambios positivos en la Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional de los habitantes de Sucre y Cesar. Adicionalmente, se sugirió que las tres Buenas Prácticas pueden ser replicadas y con poca dificultad incorporadas en los Planes de Desarrollo Departamentales. Si las iniciativas identificadas cuentan con el apoyo de los tomadores de decisiones, tienen potencial para fortalecer a los pequeños productores, reducir la inseguridad alimentaria y mejorar el estado nutricional de la población.
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Rafael Andrés Sánchez Aguirre
2015-01-01
Full Text Available La relación individuo-grupo es un tema central en diversos ám-bitos del conocimiento; asunto que también resulta relevante en el campo musical. En este escrito, se asume que la musicalidad individual está ligada estructuralmente ―más no agotada― a una musicalidad social e histórica. De tal forma, se intenta suge-rir algunas líneas de reflexión acerca de la práctica de la música reggae en una isla del Caribe. El análisis de este fenómeno musi-cal permitirá reconocer dimensiones de colectividad que los mú-sicos y miembros de la comunidad van tejiendo. Se ha realizado un ejercicio de carácter sociológico, etnográfico y de revisión his-tórica, para detallar discrepancias sonoras, síncopas sociales y re-sistencias culturales que fortalecen sentidos de acción colectiva.
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Goubitz, Shirrinka
2001-01-01
Fire is an important factor in the evolution and ecology of Mediterranean plant species. The fire frequency has increased in the 20st century. Pines are the most important tree species in the area. Pinus halepensis is the only natural pine in parts of the east Mediterranean basin, such as Israel and
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A. W. Schoettle; W. K. Smith
1999-01-01
Scaling leaf-level measurements to estimate carbon gain of entire leaf crowns or canopies requires an understanding of the distribution of photosynthetic capacity and corresponding light microenvironments within a crown. We have compared changes in the photosynthetic light response and nitrogen (N) content (per unit leaf area) of Pinus contorta Dougl. ssp. latifolia...
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Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
ZHOU YuMei; HAN ShiJie; ZHANG HaiSen; XIN LiHua; ZHENG JunQiang
2007-01-01
The long-term effect of elevated CO2 concentrations on needle dark respiration of two coniferous species-Pinus koraiensis and Pinus sylvestriformis on the Changbai Mountain was investigated using open-top chambers. P. Koraiensis and P. Sylvestriformis were exposed to 700,500μmol·mol-1 CO2 and ambient CO2(approx.350 μmol·mol-1)for four growing seasons. Needle dark respiration was measurd during the second, third and fourth growing seasons' exposure to elevated CO2.The results showed that needle dark respiration rate increased for P. Koraiensis and P. Sylvestriformis grown at elevated CO2 concentrations during the second growing season, could be attributed to the change of carbohydrate and/or nitrogen content of needles. Needle dark respiration of P. Koraiensis was stimulated and that of P. Sylvestriformis was inhibited by elevated CO2 concentrations during the third growing season. Different response of the two tree species to elevated CO2 mainly resulted from the difference in the growth rate. Elevated CO2 concentrations inhibited needle dark respiration of both P. Koraiensis and P. Sylvestriformis during the fourth growing season. There was consistent trend between the short-term effect and the long-term effect of elevated CO2 on needle dark respiration in P. Sylvestriformis during the third growing season by changing measurement CO2 concentrations. However, the short-term effect was different from the long-term effect for P. Koraiensis. Response of dark respiration of P. Koraiensis and P. Sylvestriformis to elevated CO2 concentrations was related to the treatment time of CO2 and the stage of growth and development of plant. The change of dark respiration for the two tree species was determined by the direct effect of CO2 and long-term acclimation. The prediction of the long-term response of needle dark respiration to elevated CO2 concentration based on the short-term response is in dispute.
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Giovanni Reyes
2009-07-01
Full Text Available En especial desde 2004, el crecimiento económico de América Latina y el Caribe estuvo asociado un aumento de las exportaciones. Las mismas manifestaron este comportamiento por motivos de factura, más que por volumen, es decir por aumento de precios. Se contó también en muchos países con importantes flujos de inversión. A raíz de la crisis financiera, cuyo último detonante ocurrió en septiembre de 2008, esta situación de crecimiento económico se ha revertido. Varios países ya fueron cerrando con escaso aumento de producción 2008, y para 2009 la situación tendería a llegar a un mínimo. Se espera que este indicador se recupere en 2010. Con base en ello, este trabajo tiene por finalidad establecer un estudio comparativo del comportamiento del crecimiento económico de 23 países latinoamericanos. El argumento central es que en algunos países la crisis y la recuperación son significativas. En otros las dificultades mundiales apenas son perceptibles.
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Kevin M. Potter; Valerie D. Hipkins; Mary F. Mahalovich; Robert E. Means
2015-01-01
Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) is among the most broadly distributed conifer species of western North America, where it possesses considerable ecological, esthetic, and commercial value. It exhibits complicated patterns of morphological and genetic variation, suggesting that it may be in the process of differentiating into distinct regional...
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Especies de dinoflagelados del género Gambierdiscus (Dinophyceae del Mar Caribe mexicano
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D.U Hernández-Becerril
2004-09-01
Full Text Available Algunos dinoflagelados de hábitos bénticos están relacionados con la ciguatera, por consumo de pescado, en áreas tropicales. En el Caribe mexicano la ciguatera es un padecimiento relativamente común, sin embargo solo existe un trabajo sobre este tema y muy pocos antecedentes publicados sobre fitoplancton y microalgas bénticas. En este estudio se analizó material recolectado en varios puntos a lo largo de las costas del Estado de Quintana Roo, tanto con red de fitoplancton (54 mm, como de sedimento y epífitas de plantas macroscópicas, para estudiar los dinoflagelados tóxicos y asociados. Se registra la presencia de tres especies del género Gambierdiscus, asociadas con la producción de toxinas causantes de la ciguatera: G. belizeanus, G. toxicus y G. yasumotoi, todas distribuídas en áreas costeras poco profundas, incluyendo lagunas costeras. Las especies han sido estudiadas con microscopía de luz y electrónica de barrido. Para el reconocimiento de las especies se emplearon los caracteres morfológicos usuales, pero eventualmente se pueden usar caracteres fisiológicos, ecológicos y moleculares. La llamada "comunidad ciguatoxigénica" también está formada por especies de los géneros Prorocentrum, Ostreopsis y Coolia, cuyo estudio florístico y taxonómico se recomienda ampliamente, así como investigaciones complementarias de aspectos biológicos, ecológicos, fisiológicos y epidemiológicos de esta comunidad
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Phisyological quality of Pinus elliotti Engelm. seeds subjected to differents storage methods
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Adriano Geraldo Fonseca
2012-09-01
Full Text Available Due to the growing demand for forest products, it is necessary to increase knowledge about the tree species of economic importance, especially in relation to seed storage. One method to study forest species is the storage of seeds. Cryopreservation is the cheapest and the most efficient method of seed preservation. The objective of this study was to test the behavior of Pinus elliottii Engelm. seeds storaged on liquid nitrogen; laboratory environment and refrigerator. The experiment was conducted in the seed Laboratory of the Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valley. The seeds were donated by Rigesa Ltda on June 2007. Three types of storage were tested: 1 liquid nitrogen temperature of -196 º C, 2 laboratory environment, 3 refrigerator. All treatments were evaluated at 0, 40, 80 and 120 days of storage. The vigor, germination and germination rate tests were mounted on gerbox with blotters and moistened with distilled water and kept in BOD incubator chamber at 25 º C. Seeds length, green mass and dry mass were also evaluated. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and means compared by Tukey test at 5% significance level. It was found that there was loss of quality of the Pinus elliottii seeds in all treatments. Cryopreservation of P. elliotii seeds can be used as an alternative of storage in genebanks.
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ESTRATEGIA ORGANIZACIONAL Y ADOPCIÓN DE PRÁCTICAS SALUDABLES EN LA REGIÓN CARIBE DE COLOMBIA
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Luz Yarima Martínez Meléndez
2017-07-01
Full Text Available El artículo tiene como objetivo determinar la relación existente entre la estrategia organizacional y la adopción de prácticas saludables en las organizaciones de salud de la Región Caribe Colombiana. Para ello se buscó identificar la tipología de estrategia de mayor prevalencia en la organización objeto de estudio y analizar las prácticas saludables en instituciones del sector salud. La investigación se enmarcó en un enfoque cuantitativo, descriptivo, diseño correlacional. Para estudiar dicha relación, se llevó a cabo un trabajo de campo en empresas de salud tomando como muestra a 134 empleados de estas organizaciones. Resultados: se observó que la adopción de prácticas saludables relacionadas con planes de desarrollo, empleados y medio ambiente no tuvo una relación estadísticamente significativa con la estrategia; variables comunidad, compradores y vendedores, si tuvieron una relación estadísticamente significativa con la estrategia. Conclusión: relaciones entre planificación de carácter estratégico en una empresa, no se implementan en prácticas saludables en las organizaciones.
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Gerald E. Rehfeldt; Barry C. Jaquish; Cuauhtemoc Saenz-Romero; Dennis G. Joyce; Laura P. Leites; J. Bradley St Clair; Javier Lopez-Upton
2014-01-01
Impacts of climate change on the climatic niche of the sub-specific varieties of Pinus ponderosa and Pseudotsuga menziesii and on the adaptedness of their populations are considered from the viewpoint of reforestation. In using climate projections from an ensemble of 17 general circulation models targeting the decade surrounding 2060, our analyses suggest that a...
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Adam N. Trautwig; Lori G. Eckhardt; Nancy J. Loewenstein; Jason D. Hoeksema; Emily A. Carter; Ryan L. Nadel
2017-01-01
Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica), an invasive grass species native to Asia, has been shown to reduce tree vigor in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantations, which comprise more than 50% of growing stock in commercial forests of the United States. I. cylindrica produces exudates with possible allelopathic effects that may influence abundance of P. taeda symbionts, such...
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Stojković D.
2008-01-01
Full Text Available In vitro susceptibility of the turpentine oil obtained from Pinus pinaster oleoresin was evaluated against three Sudanese clinical isolates of Actinomadura madurae, which is the main causative agent of actinomycetoma. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs of the oil ranged from 100.3 to 124.8 μL/mL, and the minimum microbicidal concentrations (MMCs were between 100.3 and 150.0 μL/mL. α-Pinene exhibited prominent bioactivity with MICs ranging between 3.3 and 5.0 μL/mL, while its MMC was 10.0 μL/mL against the same clinical isolates. Pinus pinaster turpentine oil and α-pinene might be useful agents in the treatment of mycetoma caused by A. madurae.
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Cecilia A. GOMEZ
2006-01-01
Full Text Available Naupactus ruizi (Brèthes es un gorgojo de rostro corto, distribuido en la Argentina y Chile, que habita en ambientes áridos asociado con vegetación xerofítica y alcanza el rango más austral entre los miembros de la tribu Naupactini. Un relevamiento de insectos y de patógenos como plagas potenciales, realizado durante el 2005 en plantaciones de Pinus spp. en la Patagonia andina argentina, resultó en el hallazgo de adultos de N. ruizi que se alimentaban de acículas de Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws. Este hallazgo es sorprendente dado que las especies de Naupactini, consumen casi exclusivamente angiospermas. Interpretamos que el cambio de huésped, habría ocurrido como consecuencia de una colonización reciente favorecida por la amplia distribución geográfica del gorgojo y su capacidad para sobrevivir en hábitats marginales, donde probablemente las plantas nativas son escasas y el nuevo huésped presenta una gran abundancia local.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Víctor Manuel del Cid Lucero
2015-01-01
Full Text Available Resumen: En las relaciones socioculturales de las zonas de frontera de colonización en las Regiones Autónomas, norte y sur de la Costa Caribe de Nicaragua, se da un choque de culturas que adoptan distintas formas de expresión, como la invasión y despojo de los recursos naturales de los pueblos indígenas, hasta la discriminación abierta. En este artículo, con base en la revisión bibliográfica, se hace una reflexión sobre la cultura como forma de vida y la cultura como forma de producción y relaciones de poder, haciendo énfasis en la perspectiva que fue propuesta por Gramsci y las aportaciones de otros ensayistas que han abordado el tema; el propósito es demostrar que la construcción del sujeto autonómico se da en medio de luchas y contradicciones de clase y hegemonía que deben incorporarse como un aspecto esencial en la relación entre la Regiones Autónomas con el Estado Nacional. Palabras claves: Territorialidad, Interculturalidad, colonización, conflicto Resumo: Nas relações socioculturais das zonas de fronteira de colonização nas Regiões Autônomas, Norte e Sul, da Costa Caribe da Nicarágua, acontece um choque de cultural que adotam diferentes formas de expressão, como a invasão e o despojo dos recursos naturais dos povos indígenas, até a discriminação aberta. Neste artigo fará uma reflexão sobre a cultura como forma de vida e a cultura como forma de produção, dando ênfase na perspectiva que foi proposta por Gramsci e pelas abordagens de outros ensaístas que trataram do tema; o propósito é demonstrar que a construção do sujeito autônomo se da no meio das lutas e contradições que devem incorporar como um aspecto essencial das relações entre as Regiões Autônomas com o Estado nacional. Palavras-chave: Territorialidade, interculturalidade, colonização, conflito. Abstract: A clash of cultures that adopt different forms of expression such
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M. Świeboda
2015-01-01
Full Text Available Chlorophyll a and b, sulphur, zinc and lead contents were determined in annual and biennial needles of Scotch pine (Pinus silevstris L. exposed to flue dust-polluted air. Intoxication indexes were calculated on the basis of the obtained results.
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Rupak Thapa
2018-03-01
Conclusions: This study showed that among that needle, cone and bark of Pinus roxburghii as a huge source of biological active metabolites. Furthermore, bark extract revealed the presence of diverse chemical constituent. [J Complement Med Res 2018; 7(1.000: 66-75
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Pinus pinaster Knot: A Source of Polyphenols against Plasmopara viticola.
Gabaston, Julien; Richard, Tristan; Cluzet, Stéphanie; Palos Pinto, Antonio; Dufour, Marie-Cécile; Corio-Costet, Marie-France; Mérillon, Jean-Michel
2017-10-11
Pine knot extract from Pinus pinaster byproducts was characterized by UHPLC-DAD-MS and NMR. Fourteen polyphenols divided into four classes were identified as follows: lignans (nortrachelogenin, pinoresinol, matairesinol, isolariciresinol, secoisolariciresinol), flavonoids (pinocembrin, pinobanksin, dihydrokaempferol, taxifolin), stilbenes (pinosylvin, pinosylvin monomethyl ether, pterostilbene), and phenolic acids (caffeic acid, ferulic acid). The antifungal potential of pine knot extract, as well as the main compounds, was tested in vitro against Plasmopara viticola. The ethanolic extract showed a strong antimildew activity. In addition, pinosylvins and pinocembrin demonstrated significant inhibition of zoospore mobility and mildew development. These findings strongly suggest that pine knot is a potential biomass that could be used as a natural antifungal product.
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Blanca Ortiz-Torres
2013-01-01
Full Text Available Actualmente la formación de Psicólogos/as enfrenta retos serios en muchos de los países del Caribe y América Latina. Entre estos me interesa destacar: el debate sobre educación pública vs. educación privada, el aparente excedente de profesionales de la Psicología en algunos de nuestros países y la contracción y/o privatización de programas gubernamentales que tiene como consecuencia, el desplazamiento de Psicólogos/as al sector privado o a actividades profesionales desvinculadas de la Psicología. Debo aclarar, estos no son meros “debates”, se trata más bien de la aprobación e implantación de políticas, que ya inciden sobre el acceso de determinados sectores a la educación de post-grado en Psicología y sobre las posibilidades de inserción en el mundo laboral de egresados de programas de post-grado, así como de programas de licenciatura. Veamos brevemente cuál es el estado actual, no sin antes sugerir revisar la edición especial de la Revista Interamericana de Psicología publicada en el año 2000 y editada por la Dra. Ana Isabel Álvarez en la que se discute y analiza la historia de la Psicología en el Caribe. Esa edición representa un trabajo valiosísimo para nuestra disciplina y es fundamental para entender el presente de la misma. Además debo advertir que en este trabajo sólo presentaré la situación en cuatro países: Puerto Rico, Cuba, República Dominicana y Haití, ya que son los países en los que sostengo vínculos profesionales, por lo que conozco por experiencia directa lo que en ellos ocurre en términos de la disciplina.
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Nikolić, Biljana; Ristić, Mihailo; Tešević, Vele; Marin, Petar D; Bojović, Srdjan
2011-12-01
Terpenes are often used as ecological and chemotaxonomic markers of plant species, as well as for estimation of geographic variability. Essential oils of relic and Balkan endemic/subendemic conifers, Picea omorika, Pinus heldreichii, and P. peuce, in central part of Balkan Peninsula (Serbia and Montenegro), on the level of terpene classes and common terpene compounds were investigated. In finding terpene combinations, which could show the best diversity between species and their natural populations, several statistical methods were applied. Apart from the content of different terpene classes (P. omorika has the most abundant O-containing monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes; P. heldreichii and P. peuce have the largest abundance of sesquiterpene and monoterpene hydrocarbons, resp.), the species are clearly separated according to terpene profile with 22 common compounds. But, divergences in their populations were established only in combination of several compounds (specific for each species), and they were found to be the results of geomorphologic, climatic, and genetic factors. We found similarities between investigated species and some taxa from literature with respect to terpene composition, possibly due to hybridization and phylogenetic relations. Obtained results are also important regarding to chemotaxonomy, biogeography, phylogeny, and evolution of these taxa. Copyright © 2011 Verlag Helvetica Chimica Acta AG, Zürich.
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Simulatd Nitrogen Cycling Response to Elevated CO2 in Pinus taeda and Mixed Dediduous Forests
D.W. Johnson
1999-01-01
Interactions between elevated CO2 and N cycling were explored with a nutrient cycling model (NuCM, Johnson et al. 1993, 1995) for a Pinus tuedu L. site at Duke University North Carolina, and a mixed deciduous site at Walker Branch, Tennessee. The simulations tested whether N limitation would prevent growth increases in response to elevated CO...
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Huixia Yang; Silong Wang; Jianwei Zhang; Bing Fan; Weidong Zhang
2011-01-01
We measured the dynamics of both biomass and nutrient pools on 7-, 17-, 31- and 51-year-old Pinus massoniana plantations in southern China. Using a chronosequence approach, we found that biomass of each component increased with aging while its proportion decreased except stem-wood. Nutrient pools varied with biomass pools except for foliage. For all harvest intensities...
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Edurne eMartinez Del Castillo
2016-03-01
Full Text Available Wood formation in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L. and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L. was intra-annually monitored to examine plastic responses of the xylem phenology according to altitude in one of the southernmost areas of their distribution range, i.e. in the Moncayo Natural Park, Spain. The monitoring was done from 2011 to 2013 at 1180 and 1580 m a.s.l., corresponding to the lower and upper limits of European beech forest in this region. Microcores containing phloem, cambium and xylem were collected biweekly from twenty-four trees from the beginning of March to the end of November to assess the different phases of wood formation. The samples were prepared for light microscopy to observe the following phenological phases: onset and end of cell production, onset and end of secondary wall formation in xylem cells and onset of cell maturation. The temporal dynamics of wood formation widely differed among years, altitudes and tree species. For Fagus sylvatica, the onset of cambial activity varied between the first week of May and the third week of June. Cambial activity then slowed down and stopped in summer, resulting in a length of growing season of 48–75 days. In contrast, the growing season for Pinus sylvestris started earlier and cambium remained active in autumn, leading to a period of activity varying from 139-170 days. The intra-annual wood-formation pattern is site and species-specific. Comparison with other studies shows a clear latitudinal trend in the duration of wood formation, positive for Fagus sylvatica and negative for Pinus sylvestris.
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Renan Soares de ALMEIDA
2010-06-01
Full Text Available A ameaça de perda da biodiversidade da fisionomia Campo Sujo Úmido, localizada na Estação Ecológica de Itapeva, devido à contaminação biológica causada pela invasão de Pinus elliottii Engelm., motivou a elaboração deste trabalho. Os objetivos foram caracterizar floristicamente essa fisionomia e quantificar a existência de Pinus elliottii na área, de modo a subsidiar propostas de manejo. Realizou-se o mapeamento da área ocupadapor Campo Sujo Úmido na Estação através da interpretação de fotografias aéreas. O estudoflorístico foi realizado através de coletas mensais de material botânico, no período de junhode 2008 a maio de 2009, posteriormente processado e depositado no herbário SPSF. Para a quantificação de Pinus elliottii, adotou-se o método de parcelas, utilizando-se 12 parcelas de 3 m x 15 m. Os indivíduos a partir de 15 cm de altura foram medidos e contados para o cálculo da densidade e frequência. A área de Campo Sujo Úmido representou 2,3% da área total da Estação. Foram encontradas 106 espécies. As famílias mais ricas foram Melastomataceae (11 espécies, Asteraceae (8, Cyperaceae e Poaceae (7, Myrtaceae e Rubiaceae (5, Fabaceae, Lauraceae e Myrsinaceae (4. A densidade absoluta de Pinus elliottii foi de 1.704 indivíduos.ha e a frequência absoluta, 92%. Portanto, Pinus elliottii apresentou duas propriedades que caracterizam espécies dominantes: grande número de indivíduos e ampla disseminação na área. A área relativamente pequena ocupada por Campo Sujo Úmido na Estação Ecológica, a elevada riqueza de espécies observada e o grau de contaminação biológica constatado nessa fisionomia, indicam a possibilidade de perda iminente de considerável parcela da biodiversidade da Unidade de Conservação. São propostas medidas de manejo para combater o problema.The risk of biodiversity loss of the Campo Sujo Úmido physiognomy, at the Itapeva Ecological Station due to the biological contamination
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ANÁLISE ECONÔMICA DA PRODUÇÃO DE Pinus elliottii NA SERRA DO SUDESTE, RIO GRANDE DO SUL
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Eduardo Pagel Floriano
2009-01-01
Full Text Available This study was conducted for Pinus elliottii Engelm. at Serra do Sudeste, Rio Grande do Sul, with the following objectives: to check production costs and possible revenues; to perform the economic and financial analysis of Pinus elliottii's wood production under regional conditions; and to determine the rotation of maximum Net Present Value (NPV. The costs for planting the stands were estimated at $2,292.09/ha and the annual maintenance ranged from R$ 134.84 to R$ 363.98 per hectare. Departing from the Site Index 28, with NPV of R$ 1,147.17/ha, Pinus' wood production becomes interesting. At the IS 26, with 6.86% Internal Rate of Return (IRR, it would be possible to pay the 6.75% Propflora's interest. Analysis of different rotations for IS 28 showed maximum VPL with rotation of 26 years, thinning in cycle of 4 years, starting up the cuts to 10 years. The economic analysis was performed with considerable caution, using productivity moderated levels, costs within patterns that can be considered between middle and high and moderated prices for today's wood market. Even with the restrictions imposed on the analysis, results are promising; especially in view of the regional market prices' increase tendency and the probability of wood veneer industries comes to absorb the larger log's size production in a closed future.
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Thomas A. Waldrop; Patrick H. Brose
1999-01-01
Stand-replacement prescribed fire has been recommended to regenerate stands of table mountain pine (Pinus pungens Lamb.) in the Southern Appalachian Mountains because the species has serotinous cones and is shade intolerant. A 350 ha prescribed fire in northeast Georgia provided an opportunity to observe overstory mortality and regeneration of table...
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D. Paul Jackson; R. Kasten Dumroese; James P. Barnett
2012-01-01
Container longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) seedlings often survive and grow better after outplanting than bareroot seedlings. Because of this, most longleaf pine are now produced in containers. Little is known about nursery fertilization effects on the quality of container longleaf pine seedlings and how that influences outplanting performance. We compared various...
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JULIÁN ANDRÉS LÁZARO
2017-01-01
Full Text Available Este artículo se ocupa de analizar la manera como, en el marco de la estrategia de propaganda y construcción de imaginarios ideada y desarrollada en los años treinta por el gobierno nacionalsocialista alemán, orientada hacia los ciudada - nos del Reich dentro y fuera del país, los alemanes residentes en la ciudad de Barranquilla, en el Caribe colombiano, se convirtieron en receptores, generado - res y difusores de contenidos a través de revistas elaboradas localmente pero de circulación nacional; contribuyendo con ello a la construcción de una imagen positiva del régimen de Hitler y articulándose con el proyecto nazi de uso de medios masivos de comunicación.
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Needles of Pinus halepensis as biomonitors of bioaerosol emissions.
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Amandine Galès
Full Text Available We propose using the surface of pine trees needles to biomonitor the bioaerosol emissions at a composting plant. Measurements were based on 16S rRNA gene copy numbers of Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula, a bioindicator of composting plant emissions. A sampling plan was established based on 29 samples around the emission source. The abundance of 16S rRNA gene copies of S. rectivirgula per gram of Pinus halepensis needles varied from 104 to 102 as a function of the distance. The signal reached the background level at distances around the composting plant ranging from 2 km to more than 5.4 km, depending on the local topography and average wind directions. From these values, the impacted area around the source of bioaerosols was mapped.
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Ramiro Román-Contreras
2010-04-01
Full Text Available Few studies have focused on the palaemonid fauna of the Mexican Caribbean. This study provides a list of shallow water free-living and symbiont shrimps of the family Palaemonidae collected on turtle grass (Thalassia testudinum in Bahía de la Ascensión, Bahía del Espíritu Santo and Mahahual reef lagoon, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Ten species in 8 genera are reported, of which the genus Periclimenes is the most diverse with 3 species. An updated geographic distribution along the western Atlantic and other regions is provided for all the species. The greatest affinity of the palaemonid fauna studied, besides that with the Caribbean province, is with the Brazilian, Argentinian, and Texan zoogeographic provinces. Of the 10 species reported in this paper, 8 represent new local records in the studied area.Los crustáceos de la familia Palaemonidae del Caribe mexicano han sido poco estudiados. En este trabajo se presenta un listado de palemónidos de vida libre y simbiontes recolectados en el pasto marino Thalassia testudiuim de Bahía de la Ascensión, Bahía del Espíritu Santo y la laguna arrecifal de Mahahual, Quintana Roo, México. Se registran 10 especies pertenecientes a 8 géneros, siendo el género Periclimenes el más diverso con 3 especies. Para todas las especies se proporciona su distribución geográfica en la costa del Atlántico americano así como en otras regiones. Además de la provincia Caribeña, los palemónidos recolectados también muestran alta afinidad con otras provincias zoogeográficas como la Brasileña, Argentina y Texana; de las 10 especies registradas en este estudio, 8 representan nuevo registro local en el área estudiada.
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Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database
Šrůtek, Miroslav; Doležal, J.; Hara, T.
2002-01-01
Roč. 34, č. 2 (2002), s. 201-210 ISSN 1523-0430 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR KSK6005114 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z6005908 Keywords : Pinus canariensis * Canary Islands Subject RIV: EF - Botanics Impact factor: 0.964, year: 2002
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Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas ex Louden) is a widely distributed tree in North American forests and is found in a variety of environments, each with different levels of disease activity. We quantified the levels of defense-associated metabolites (including soluble phenolics, lignin, and ter...
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Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)
2007-01-01
The long-term effect of elevated CO2 concentrations on needle dark respiration of two coniferous spe- cies—Pinus koraiensis and Pinus sylvestriformis on the Changbai Mountain was investigated using open-top chambers. P. koraiensis and P. sylvestriformis were exposed to 700, 500 μmol·mol-1 CO2 and ambient CO2 (approx. 350 μmol·mol-1) for four growing seasons. Needle dark respiration was meas- ured during the second, third and fourth growing seasons’ exposure to elevated CO2. The results showed that needle dark respiration rate increased for P. koraiensis and P. sylvestriformis grown at elevated CO2 concentrations during the second growing season, could be attributed to the change of carbohydrate and/or nitrogen content of needles. Needle dark respiration of P. koraiensis was stimu- lated and that of P. sylvestriformis was inhibited by elevated CO2 concentrations during the third growing season. Different response of the two tree species to elevated CO2 mainly resulted from the difference in the growth rate. Elevated CO2 concentrations inhibited needle dark respiration of both P. koraiensis and P. sylvestriformis during the fourth growing season. There was consistent trend be- tween the short-term effect and the long-term effect of elevated CO2 on needle dark respiration in P. sylvestriformis during the third growing season by changing measurement CO2 concentrations. How- ever, the short-term effect was different from the long-term effect for P. koraiensis. Response of dark respiration of P. koraiensis and P. sylvestriformis to elevated CO2 concentrations was related to the treatment time of CO2 and the stage of growth and development of plant. The change of dark respiration for the two tree species was determined by the direct effect of CO2 and long-term acclimation. The prediction of the long-term response of needle dark respiration to elevated CO2 concentration based on the short-term response is in dispute.
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LOS SERVICIOS DE CUIDADO INFANTIL EN AMÉRICA LATINA Y EL CARIBE
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María Caridad Araujo
2015-01-01
Full Text Available Los servicios de cuidado infantil para niños menores de cuatro años de edad han expandido su cobertura de forma importante en América Latina y el Caribe. Esta expansión ha buscado primordialmente facilitar el acceso de las mujeres al mercado laboral. El énfasis en la calidad de los servicios de cuidado durante los primeros años de la vida es fundamental. Este artículo sistematiza información sobre el diseño, la gestión, el financiamiento y la calidad de los servicios de cuidado infantil en la región. Entre sus principales hallazgos se encuentran los siguientes: i existe evidencia de una inconsistencia entre el objetivo que mayoritariamente declaran perseguir estos programas —el desarrollo infantil integral— y el diseño de los servicios que brindan; ii los programas que dependen de los municipios se destacan por tener mejores variables estructurales (asociadas, en general, con una mejor calidad del servicio, en comparación con aquellos de escala nacional, así como por un mayor nivel de inversión por niño atendido; y iii existe variabilidad en el costo unitario de atención, lo cual es consistente no sólo con una considerable heterogeneidad en el servicio sino también con diferencias en el costo-efectividad de distintos modelos de provisión y de gestión. Asegurar servicios de cuidado de calidad para todos los niños que acuden a ellos y garantizar que la oferta pública de estos servicios alcance a los niños de las familias más pobres son dos prioridades importantes y todavía pendientes en la agenda de la política social regional.
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Kenneth W Goodman
2005-01-01
Full Text Available Expanding use of computers in medicine continues to raise interesting and important ethical issues. After a brief review of the history of work in ethics in medical informatics, this introduction to this special issue of Acta Bioethica makes the case that this work must be applied in a Latin American and Caribbean context. From the use of intelligent machines to the evolution of the World Wide Web, the region presents vital -and under addressed- challenges to clinicians and policy makers. Sustained and regional debates, curriculum development and empirical and conceptual scholarship are among the means to ensure ethically optimized applications of health information technology in the regionEl creciente empleo de computadores en el área médica continúa planteando interesantes e importantes temas de salud. Después de una breve revisión de la historia de trabajos en ética de la informática en medicina, esta introducción al número especial de Acta Bioethica señala que este trabajo debe realizarse en un contexto latinoamericano y del Caribe. A partir del empleo de máquinas inteligentes hasta la evolución de la World Wide Web (WWW, la región presenta desafíos vitales -pero de muy poca atención- para los médicos y encargados de políticas públicas. Debates regionales continuos, desarrollo curricular y estudios empíricos y conceptuales figuran entre los medios que asegurarán en la región el uso éticamente óptimo de la tecnología de la información en saludO crescente emprego de computadores na área médica continua levantando interessantes e importantes temas de saúde. Após uma breve revisão da história de trabalhos em ética da informática em medicina, esta introdução ao número especial de Acta Bioethica, assinala que este trabalho deve realizar- se num contexto latino americano e do Caribe. A partir do emprego de máquinas inteligentes até a evolução da World Wide Web (WWW, a região apresenta desafios vitais, porem
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Guyot, Adrien; Ostergaard, Kasper T; Lenkopane, Mothei; Fan, Junliang; Lockington, David A
2013-02-01
Estimating sapwood area is one of the main sources of error when upscaling point scale sap flow measurements to whole-tree water use. In this study, the potential use of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) to determine the sapwood-heartwood (SW-HW) boundary is investigated for Pinus elliottii Engelm var. elliottii × Pinus caribaea Morelet var. hondurensis growing in a subtropical climate. Specifically, this study investigates: (i) how electrical resistivity is correlated to either wood moisture content, or electrolyte concentration, or both, and (ii) how the SW-HW boundary is defined in terms of electrical resistivity. Tree cross-sections at breast height are analysed using ERT before being felled and the cross-section surface sampled for analysis of major electrolyte concentrations, wood moisture content and density. Electrical resistivity tomography results show patterns with high resistivities occurring in the inner part of the cross-section, with much lower values towards the outside. The high-resistivity areas were generally smaller than the low-resistivity areas. A comparison between ERT and actual SW area measured after felling shows a slope of the linear regression close to unity (=0.96) with a large spread of values (R(2) = 0.56) mostly due to uncertainties in ERT. Electrolyte concentrations along sampled radial transects (cardinal directions) generally showed no trend from the centre of the tree to the bark. Wood moisture content and density show comparable trends that could explain the resistivity patterns. While this study indicates the potential for application of ERT for estimating SW area, it shows that there remains a need for refinement in locating the SW-HW boundary (e.g., by improvement of the inversion method, or perhaps electrode density) in order to increase the robustness of the method.
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Alberton, O.; Kuyper, T.W.; Gorissen, A.
2007-01-01
We investigated fungal species-specific responses of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) seedlings on growth and nutrient acquisition together with mycelial development under ambient and elevated CO2. Each seedling was associated with one of the following ECM species: Hebeloma
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Robert Kohn
2005-11-01
Full Text Available OBJETIVO: La creciente carga de trastornos mentales que afecta a las poblaciones de América Latina y el Caribe es demasiado grande para hacer caso omiso de ella. Por lo tanto, es una necesidad impostergable conocer la prevalencia de los trastornos mentales y la brecha de tratamiento, que está dada por la diferencia entre las tasas de prevalencia verdadera y las de las personas que han sido tratadas, que en algunos casos es grande pese a la existencia de tratamientos eficaces. Si se dispone de mayor informacion, se hace más factible 1 abogar mejor por los intereses de las personas que necesitan atención, 2 adoptar políticas más eficaces, 3 formular programas de intervención innovadores y 4 adjudicar recursos en conformidad con las necesidades observadas. MÉTODOS: Los datos se obtuvieron de estudios comunitarios publicados en América Latina y el Caribe entre 1980 y 2004. En esas investigaciones epidemiológicas se usaron instrumentos diagnósticos estructurados y se estimaron tasas de prevalencia. Las tasas brutas de diversos trastornos psiquiátricos en América Latina y el Caribe se estimaron a partir de las tasas media y mediana extraídas de los estudios, desglosadas por sexo. También se extrajeron los datos correspondientes al uso de servicios de salud mental para poder calcular la brecha en el tratamiento según trastornos específicos. RESULTADOS: Las psicosis no afectivas (entre ellas la esquizofrenia tuvieron una prevalencia media estimada durante el año precedente de 1,0%; la depresión mayor, de 4,9%; y el abuso o la dependencia del alcohol, de 5,7%. Más de la tercera parte de las personas afectadas por psicosis no afectivas, más de la mitad de las afectadas por trastornos de ansiedad, y cerca de tres cuartas partes de las que abusaban o dependían del alcohol no habían recibido tratamiento psiquiátrico alguno, sea en un servicio especializado o en uno de tipo general. CONCLUSIONES: La actual brecha en el tratamiento de
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Hille, M.G.; Ouden, den J.
2004-01-01
The success of seedling recruitment of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is strongly dependent on soil surface properties, such as humus depth and moisture content. In an undisturbed forest floor, seedlings are seldom able to become established due to the high incidence of desiccation in the organic
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Lynette R. Potvin; Dana L. Richter; Martin F. Jurgensen; R. Kasten Dumroese
2012-01-01
Sistotrema brinkmannii (Bres.) J. Erikss. (Basidiomycotina, Hydanaceae), commonly regarded as a wood decay fungus, was consistently isolated from bareroot nursery Pinus banksiana Lamb. seedlings. S. brinkmannii was found in ectomycorrhizae formed by Thelephora terrestris Ehrh., ...
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Climate-influenced ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) seed masting trends in western Montana, USA
Keyes, Christopher R.; Gonzalez, Ruben Manso
2015-01-01
Aim of study: The aim of this study was to analyze 10-year records of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) seed production, in order to confirm synchronic seed production and to evaluate cyclical masting trends, masting depletion effect, and climate-masting relationships. Area of study: The study area was located in a P. ponderosa stand in the northern Rocky Mountains (western Montana, USA). Material and methods: The study was conducted in one stand that had been subjected to a silvicul...
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Li Guoping; Yang Lusheng; Huang Qunce; Qin Guangyong
2008-01-01
Pollen grains of Pinus thunbergii Parl. (Japanese black pine) were implanted with 30 keV nitrogen ion beams and the effects of nitrogen ion implantation on pollen tube growth in vitro and the organization of actin cytoskeleton in the pollen tube cell were investigated using a confocal laser scanning microscope after fluorescence labeling. Treatment with ion implantation significantly blocked pollen tube growth. Confocal microscopy showed that ion implantation disrupted actin filament cytoskeleton organization in the pollen tube. It was found that there was a distinct correlation between the inhibition of pollen tube growth and the disruption of actin cytoskeleton organization, indicating that an intact actin cytoskeleton is essential for continuous pollen tube elongation in Pinus thunbergii. Although the detailed mechanism for the ion-implantation-induced bioeffect still remains to be elucidated, the present study assumes that the cytoskeleton system in pollen grains may provide a key target in response to ion beam implantation and is involved in mediating certain subsequent cytological changes.
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Ecophysiological responses of Pinus leucodermis at high elevation in the Mediterranean area
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Guerrieri MR
2008-03-01
Full Text Available Pinus leucodermis Antoine (= Pinus heldreichii var. leucodermis is a species of the Balkan flora which in Italy grows in a small area between the Regions of Basilicata and Calabria, in the Pollino National Park. A relict of the oro-Mediterranean Tertiary forests, it is found from the lower vegetation belt, where it is mixed with evergreen sclerophyllous vegetation, up to the alpine vegetation belt beyond the closed formations of Fagus sylvatica, where it makes up stands with very old, isolated and big trees growing in open spaces between rocks. The ecophysiological and dendrochronolgy features of the P. leucodermis stands growing on the west slope of Serra di Crispo (Monte Pollino, between 1800 and 2000 m a.s.l., have been studied during recent years and some of the results are presented in this work. Ecophysiological measurements in situ show that reduced atmospheric vapour pressure deficit conditions, due to humid currents from the western Tyrrhenian Sea, allow the trees to escape from summer drought. When day summer weather conditions are optimal P. leucodermis exhibits a remarkable photosynthetic activity and adaptation to high irradiance. The tree ring width chronology documents a marked reduction of radial growth from 1950 to 1985, followed by a strong recovery, still continuing. In the same period differences between the annual minimum and maximum temperatures tend to increase. Anthropic and grazing pressure is reduced markedly after the institution of the National Park of Pollino.
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Blasco Carlos, Miquel
2013-01-01
Esta tesis está enfocada a la aplicación de la embriogénesis somática para la conservación y mejora de Quercus ilex L., Pinus pinaster Aiton y Pinus pinea L., especies forestales representativas de los bosques de la Península Ibérica. La propagación clonal mediante embriogénesis somática (ES) es la herramienta más adecuada para la propagación de genotipos de élite y para la implementación de la llamada silvicultura multivarietal. Además los cultivos embriogénicos son explantos adecuados para ...
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2013-01-01
Background The mountain pine beetle (MPB, Dendroctonus ponderosae) epidemic has affected lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) across an area of more than 18 million hectares of pine forests in western Canada, and is a threat to the boreal jack pine (Pinus banksiana) forest. Defence of pines against MPB and associated fungal pathogens, as well as other pests, involves oleoresin monoterpenes, which are biosynthesized by families of terpene synthases (TPSs). Volatile monoterpenes also serve as host recognition cues for MPB and as precursors for MPB pheromones. The genes responsible for terpene biosynthesis in jack pine and lodgepole pine were previously unknown. Results We report the generation and quality assessment of assembled transcriptome resources for lodgepole pine and jack pine using Sanger, Roche 454, and Illumina sequencing technologies. Assemblies revealed transcripts for approximately 20,000 - 30,000 genes from each species and assembly analyses led to the identification of candidate full-length prenyl transferase, TPS, and P450 genes of oleoresin biosynthesis. We cloned and functionally characterized, via expression of recombinant proteins in E. coli, nine different jack pine and eight different lodgepole pine mono-TPSs. The newly identified lodgepole pine and jack pine mono-TPSs include (+)-α-pinene synthases, (-)-α-pinene synthases, (-)-β-pinene synthases, (+)-3-carene synthases, and (-)-β-phellandrene synthases from each of the two species. Conclusion In the absence of genome sequences, transcriptome assemblies are important for defence gene discovery in lodgepole pine and jack pine, as demonstrated here for the terpenoid pathway genes. The product profiles of the functionally annotated mono-TPSs described here can account for the major monoterpene metabolites identified in lodgepole pine and jack pine. PMID:23679205
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Hall, Dawn E; Yuen, Macaire M S; Jancsik, Sharon; Quesada, Alfonso Lara; Dullat, Harpreet K; Li, Maria; Henderson, Hannah; Arango-Velez, Adriana; Liao, Nancy Y; Docking, Roderick T; Chan, Simon K; Cooke, Janice Ek; Breuil, Colette; Jones, Steven Jm; Keeling, Christopher I; Bohlmann, Jörg
2013-05-16
The mountain pine beetle (MPB, Dendroctonus ponderosae) epidemic has affected lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) across an area of more than 18 million hectares of pine forests in western Canada, and is a threat to the boreal jack pine (Pinus banksiana) forest. Defence of pines against MPB and associated fungal pathogens, as well as other pests, involves oleoresin monoterpenes, which are biosynthesized by families of terpene synthases (TPSs). Volatile monoterpenes also serve as host recognition cues for MPB and as precursors for MPB pheromones. The genes responsible for terpene biosynthesis in jack pine and lodgepole pine were previously unknown. We report the generation and quality assessment of assembled transcriptome resources for lodgepole pine and jack pine using Sanger, Roche 454, and Illumina sequencing technologies. Assemblies revealed transcripts for approximately 20,000 - 30,000 genes from each species and assembly analyses led to the identification of candidate full-length prenyl transferase, TPS, and P450 genes of oleoresin biosynthesis. We cloned and functionally characterized, via expression of recombinant proteins in E. coli, nine different jack pine and eight different lodgepole pine mono-TPSs. The newly identified lodgepole pine and jack pine mono-TPSs include (+)-α-pinene synthases, (-)-α-pinene synthases, (-)-β-pinene synthases, (+)-3-carene synthases, and (-)-β-phellandrene synthases from each of the two species. In the absence of genome sequences, transcriptome assemblies are important for defence gene discovery in lodgepole pine and jack pine, as demonstrated here for the terpenoid pathway genes. The product profiles of the functionally annotated mono-TPSs described here can account for the major monoterpene metabolites identified in lodgepole pine and jack pine.
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Silvia Mantilla
2011-06-01
Full Text Available El presente artículo tiene por objetivo presentar un diagnóstico preliminar de la magnitud del tráfico de drogas, sus dinámicas, modalidades, y las condiciones sociales y económicas que favorecen el desarrollo de este negocio ilegal en la isla de San Andrés (Colombia. El análisis se desarrolla, no obstante, en el marco de la condición histórica y natural de "zona de tránsito" de drogas, armas y otros recursos ilegales, que se le atribuye a la región del Gran Caribe, entendida como un continuo geográfico, histórico y cultural en el que se observan patrones comunes en materia de amenazas a la seguridad, la geopolítica de las relaciones con Estados Unidos y los efectos sociales y económicos derivados del flagelo del narcotráfico. En este sentido, el caso de la isla de San Andrés (Colombia se examina más como parte de la dinámica insular gran caribeña que como parte de las tendencias propias del negocio en la Colombia continental, lo que permite, sin embargo, establecer las conexiones entre ambos espacios regionales -el insular y el continental- y, a la vez, evaluar el impacto regional del fenómeno a partir de las conexiones ilegales que desde el archipiélago se establecen con algunos países vecinos del Gran Caribe. Finalmente, se sostiene la hipótesis de que el fenómeno del narcotráfico se instala en la isla como resultado de factores geohistóricos, culturales y socioeconómicos que en conjunto han determinado la participación activa de distintos sectores de la sociedad en este negocio ilegal.The objective of thispaper is to present a preliminary diagnosis of the magnitude, dynamics, and modalities of drug trafficking, together with the social and economic conditions that support the development of this illegal activity in the island of San Andres (Colombia. Analysis is conducted within a framework that identifies this trafficking zone as a natural and historic corridor for trade in weapons, drugs, and other illicit
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J.-P. Berrill; C.M. Dagley
2010-01-01
A compact experimental design and analysis is presented of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) survival and growth in a restoration project in the Piedmont region of Georgia, USA. Longleaf pine seedlings were planted after salvage logging and broadcast burning in areas of catastrophic southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis) attacks on even-aged mixed pine-hardwood...
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Storage products and tissue interaction in the ovule of Pinus silvestris (L.
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F. M. Engels
2014-01-01
Full Text Available The organel-sequence in ovular cells of Pinus silvestris was investigated by light- and electronmicroscopy during the post-pollination and pre-fertilization period. Changes in starch and lipid storage suppose starch to be a pool for lipid synthesis and a reserve for ovule development. The base nucellus plays an important role in the distribution of metabolites all over the ovular tissues. Lipid, starch and callose are of interest for the cells to protect them against low temperatures by means of isolation, antifreeze and plug formation respectively.