cameroon egypt ethiopia: Topics by WorldWideScience.org

Malaria vectors and transmission dynamics in coastal south-western Cameroon

BackgroundTwo planned trials of pre-exposure prophylaxis tenofovir in Cambodia and Cameroon to prevent HIV infection in high-risk populations were closed due to activist pressure...Full Text Available

Estimation of incidence of poliomyelitis by three survey methods in different regions of the United Republic of Cameroon*

BackgroundMalaria is a major public health problem in Cameroon. Unlike in the southern forested areas where the epidemiology of malaria has been better studied prior to the implementation...Full Text Available

Surveys were conducted in one urban and two rural regions of the United Republic of Cameroon to estimate the annual incidence of paralytic poliomyelitis. Three different survey methods were used: a...Full Text Available

1983-01-01

Diastatomma bicolor

DefenseLINK News: Proposed FMS to Egypt - High Mobility ...

... east Nigeria) and has also been recorded from south west Cameroon. Only two records; that from Angola the locality ... east Nigeria) and has also been recorded from south-west Cameroon. It is inferred tha...

Development of an Adaptive Tsetse Population Management Scheme for the Luke Community, Ethiopia

... The Government of Egypt has requested a possible sale of 239 High Mobility Multi-purpose Wheeled Vehicles (HMMWV), electronic test set, spare ...

Modified Helium microwave-induced plasma discharge chamber

... African agro-pastoral system: Management of tsetse and bovine trypanosomiasis. Ecological Economics 65:1, 125-135Online publication date: ... ...

Antimicrobial activities of the methanol extract and compounds from Artocarpus communis (Moraceae)

... Mohamed, MM Medical Research Institute (Egypt) Ghatass, ZF Institute of

1999-04-01

Alexandria's Eastern Harbor, Egypt: Pollen, Microscopic Charcoal, and the Transition from Natural to Human-Modified ...

BackgroundArtocarpus communis is used traditionally in Cameroon to treat several ailments, including infectious and associated diseases. This work was therefore...Full Text Available

Factors associated with compliance with community directed treatment with ivermectin for onchocerciasis control in Southwestern Ethiopia

... doi: 10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-09-00089.1 Alexandria's Eastern Harbor, Egypt: Pollen, Microscopic Charcoal, and ... STANLEY, J.-D. an...

An Energy-Saving Development Initiative Increases Birth Rate and Childhood Malnutrition in Rural Ethiopia

BackgroundAlthough ivermectin is distributed free of charge through the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC), not all eligible individuals within communities receive...Full Text Available

Prevalence and causes of blindness and visual impairment in Muyuka: a rural health district in South West Province, Cameroon

BackgroundEvolutionary life history theory predicts that, in the absence of contraception, any enhancement of maternal condition can increase human fertility. Energetic...Full Text Available

2006-04-01

Phenotypic characterization of human pathogenic bacteria in fish from the coastal waters of South West Cameroon: public health implications.

AimTo estimate the prevalence and causes of blindness and visual impairment in the population aged 40 years and over in Muyuka, a rural district in the South West Province...Full Text Available

2006-05-01

Performance and usefulness of the Hexagon rapid diagnostic test in children with asymptomatic malaria living in the Mount Cameroon region

Increasing economic and recreational opportunities, attractive scenery and a perception of a better quality of life are luring people to the coast. Unfortunately, these activities together with the commensurate increase in population in the area inevitably result in pollution of coastal waters with excessive microorganisms and other pollutants. Microbial pollutants not only contaminate the coastal water but also aquatic food sources, thus posing a health risk to consumers. Fish is a major source of protein in Cameroon, especially in the coastal areas. In this study, we investigated the microbiological quality of fish from the Limbe and Tiko beaches in South West Cameroon from May to October 2007. We isolated human pathogenic bacteria from three anatomic sites (skin, gills, intestine) of 50 fish (150 specimens) and investigated their susceptibility patterns to a battery of antibiotics. Data were analyzed statistically using chi2 with ...

Egyptian Education Today.

BackgroundRapid and correct diagnosis of malaria is considered an important strategy in the control of the disease. However, it remains to be determined how well these tests can...Full Text Available

Characterization of CTX-M ESBLs in Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates from Cairo, Egypt

Three papers on the Egyptian educational system were delivered at the World Assembly of the International Council of Education for Teaching in Cairo, Egypt, in 1981. The first paper, "Recent Educational Reforms in Egypt," by M. M. Radwan, describes the changes in Egyptian education since 1952, including the adoption of universal basic education. The four authors (Hussein Fawzi Al Najjar, Mohamed Abdelmagid Ibrahim, Sayad M. Kheiralla, and Hassan Mostafa) of the second paper, "Egytian Education Today," focus on the Egyptian characteristics of the educational system, citing teacher education and the problem of illiteracy as outstanding national issues. In the third paper, "Educational Technology: Its Application to Inservice Teacher Training in Egypt," by Kamal Yousef Iskander, the use of educational technology in inservice teacher education is outlined, with reference to the problems anticipated in training 130,000 teachers ...

1981-08-01

Political Culture and the Nature of Political Participation in Egypt.

BackgroundA high rate of resistance to 3^rdgeneration cephalosporins among Enterobacteriaceae isolates from Egypt has been previously reported. This study aims to characterize...Full Text Available

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Wastenet

...the huge volumes of ephemera amassed by the Colonial Office to record the coronation celebrations of 1937 and 1953 to the small illustrated manuscript account of Tobago penned by its governor in 1810, from one of the first European accounts of Ethiopia to be published to Winston Churchillrsquo;s valedictory letter of 1922 to Colonial Office staff, the exhibits provide a snapshot of the riches to be explored within this matchless collection. Explore ...

LOUSE-BORNE BACTERIAL PATHOGENS IN LICE (PHTHIRAPTERA) OF RODENTS AND CATTLE FROM EGYPT

This thesis analyzes Egyptian political culture and the directive effect which it has upon political development, elite recruitment and the nature of political participation. The pervasive nature of Islam and the centrality of kinship remain the basic fac...

1980-01-01

Anthropogenic enhancement of Egypt's Mediterranean fishery

... were erroneous. The oriental rat flea, Xenopsylla cheopis Rothschild, is considered to be the primary vector of ... laboratory and production of Weigl's exanthematous typhus vaccine. In Maintenance of hum...

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Peter Mbile | World Resources Institute

The highly productive coastal Mediterranean fishery off the Nile River delta collapsed after the completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1965. But the fishery has been recovering dramatically since the...Full Text Available

2009-02-03

Wastenet

...as agro forestry subject matter specialist, eastern supervisor, conservation and GIS officer with the Ministry of Agriculture and WWF-Korup national park project, respectively, in south west Cameroon . Peter holds joint Honours BSc in Forestry & Soil Science (WALES-UK) and MSc Resource Management (Edinburgh-UK)....

The law of one price: an examination of price integration between Europe and regional markets in Africa

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This study examines the degree of price-integration of equity indices between the major markets of Africa, namely Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt, Kenya, Nigeria, Namibia and South Africa with the European markets of London and Paris. Vector Autoregressive and Autoregressive Distributed Lag methods reveal that African markets are largely price-segmented. The only markets that are price-integrated have shared economic and financial institutions, such as Namibia and South Africa, and Egypt, Tunisia and France. The evidence suggests that development policy should be focussed on enhancing existing institutions rather than embarking prematurely on regional integration.

2012-01-01

cost-benefit analysis of legumes irradiation processing in egypt

Seasonal variations in biochemical composition of Sepia officinalis (Mollusca) from the Mediterranean waters off Alexandria, Egypt

This paper discusses the economics of legumes irradiation such as Chickpea,Lupin,Kidny Bean and broad and the effect of various parameters on unit processing costs. It provides a model for calculating specific unit processing costs by correlating known capital costs with annual operation cost an annual throughputs. We analysed the cost-benefit of the proposed grain irradiation facility. We took into account the cost of the capital investment, operation and other additional parameters and then estimated the unit processing cost. The investment criteria utilized for commercial evaluation were internal rate of return (I.I.R), pay back period (P.B.P), and average rate of return (A.R.R). The irradiation cost and the additional income are also discussed. The results of this analysis showed that the installation of an irradiation unit for legumes processing in Egypt would be economically feasible.

2004-01-01

Radioactivity in local and imported kaolin types used in Egypt

The biochemical compositions of 465 Sepia officinalis mantles from the Mediterranean waters off Alexandria Egypt, were studied from September 1989 to August 1990. Water contents of males and females were not significantly different, and followed the same pattern showing a sharp decrease in summer. Lipid contents of males and females were similar, showing two peaks in summer and autumn. A clear reverse relationship between water and lipid contents was found. Protein and ash contents showed irregular patterns. Protein contents were increased in early spring and mid-summer. The relationship between body compositions and mantle size, gonads maturation and environmental conditions was discussed.

1995-12-31

Assessment of the sensitivity and prediction uncertainty of evaporation models applied to Nasser Lake, Egypt

Natural radioactive materials are present in all geological rocks in varying amounts, they are easily mobilized in the environment, and can reach hazardous radiological levels under certain conditions, requiring precautions to be taken. The present study deals with 50 geological samples of local (Tushki and Kalabsha in upper Egypt) and imported (southeast Asia and Turkey) kaolin types. The samples were analyzed by gamma-ray spectroscopy using a HPGe detector. The activity concentrations of {sup 232}Th and {sup 238}U series and {sup 40}K and the contents (in ppm) are given. The radium equivalent activity varied from 187.8 to 10185.19 Bq/kg. {sup 137}Cs was found in a range of 0.23-8.53 Bq/kg, for the local samples. The kaolin in Tushki area was suitable for industrial use.

2004-01-01

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

SummaryThis paper examines the sensitivity and uncertainty of evaporation estimates from Nasser Lake, south of Egypt using data collected at the floating station Raft, 2km upstream of the Aswan High Dam, and 12 evaporation models. Based on their approach the evaporation models were ranked in five classes, respectively the Bowen ratio energy budget (BREB) approach, three energy-aerodynamic based methods, a mass transfer method, two temperature and five solar radiation-temperature approaches. State dependent parameter models were used to estimate the sensitivity indices of the different evaporation estimation methods at daily and monthly frequencies. A drastic reduction in the cost of the sensitivity analysis was obtained when coupled with efficient sampling methods, producing quasi-Monte Ca...

2010-01-01

Facial reconstruction in the developing world: a complicated matter

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Around the world there is a small industry of non-governmental organisations that provide health care in niche areas that cannot be met by national health care provision. One topic is facial deformity that can have a dramatic effect on quality of life. In this study we investigate the morbidity and outcome of a British surgical team working for a 2-week period in Ethiopia. Thirty-five patients who presented with facial deformities had 47 operations during a 2-week period. Data were recorded for a minimum of 3 weeks postoperatively. Operative techniques were classified as simple or complex. Postoperative complications were assessed and classified as major, intermediate, and minor. In addition, the character of each complication was recorded and the cause elucidated. After 3 weeks the clinic...

2011-01-01

Effects of timing of nitrogen and sulphur fertilizers on yield, nitrogen, and sulphur contents of Tef (Eragrostis?tef (Zucc.) Trotter)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of tef, a major staple crop in Ethiopia, is very low, either caused by untimely use of nitrogen (N) fertilizers or lack of other essential nutrients like sulphur (S). The average grain yield of this crop is low, averaging ?1 in farmer?s fields of the semi-arid conditions. Therefore, the present study was conducted to see the effect of the timing of combined N and S fertilization on the yield, yield components, and N and S concentration in the plant parts of the crop. A factorial combination of three rates of N (0, 70, and 105?kg?ha?1) with four rates of S (0, 16, 32, and 48?kg?ha?1) was applied in randomized complete blocks in three replications. The experiment was carried out in the 2004 and 2005 cropping seasons in the Cambisols of the semi-arid area of Ethi...

2006-01-01

Quality assurance requirements in various codes and standards

Analysis and Assessment of Land Use Change in Alexandria, Egypt Using Satellite Images, GIS, and Modelling Techniques

The quality assurance requirements in various countries and according to various international codes and standards are presented, compared and critically discussed. Cases of developing countries are also discussed, and the use of IAEA code of practice and other codes for quality assurance in these countries is reviewed. Recommendations are made regarding the quality assurance system to be applied for Egypt's nuclear power plants.

Management of industrial solid wastes in Alexandria, Egypt

Alexandria is the second largest urban governorate in Egypt and has seen significant urban growth in its modern and contemporary history. This study investigates the urban growth phenomenon in Alexandria, Egypt, using the integration of remote sensing and GIS. The urban physical expansion and change were detected using Landsat satellite images. The satellite images of years 1984 and 1993 were first geo referenced, achieving a very small RMSE that provided high accuracy data for satellite image analysis. Then, the images were classified using a tailored classification scheme with accuracy of 93.82% and 95.27% for 1984 and 1993 images respectively. This high accuracy enabled detecting land use/land cover changes with high confidence using a post-classification comparison method. One of the most important findings here is the loss of cultivated land in favour of urban expansion. If the current loss rates continued, 75% of green lands would be lost ...

Municipal solid waste management in Africa: Strategies and livelihoods in Yaounde, Cameroon

This paper presents a summary of the first phase of the EPA project, which encompasses surveys of residues from industrial sources in Alexandria. Studies to date indicate that wastes from various industries can be recovered economically. Wastes such as tin cans, glass, wastepaper, and food residues from processing of fruits, starch, and beer are examples of reusable industrial wastes in Egypt. The results of experimental studies for reuse of residues from oil refining, starch and yeast processing, and steel pickling are presented. Spent clay from edible oil refining is currently discarded, causing both handling and disposal problems. This clay contains as much as 40% oil; 90% can be recovered by extraction. The recovered oil can be successfully used in soap production, and the spent clay can be reused in oil bleaching. Other examples include starch and yeast wastes, which can be used for animal feed, and spent pickling liquor, which can be used as a coagulant aid ...

1983-03-01

Aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus spp. and aflatoxin levels in stored cassava chips as affected by processing practices

This paper provides an overview of the state of municipal solid waste (MSW) management in the capital of Cameroon, Yaounde, and suggests some possible solutions for its improvement. The institutional, financial, and physical aspects of MSW management, as well as the livelihoods of the population, were analyzed. Our study revealed that distances and lack of infrastructure have a major impact on waste collection. Garbage bins are systematically mentioned as the primary infrastructure needed by the population in all quarters, whether it be a high or low standard community. The construction of transfer stations and the installation of garbage bins are suggested as a solution to reduce distances between households and garbage bins, thus improving waste collection vehicle accessibility. Transfer stations and garbage bins would enable the official waste collection company to expand its range of services and significantly improve waste collection rates. Several transfer ...

2009-02-01

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Cassava chips (cassava balls, and cassava pellets) are derived cassava products traditionally produced by farmers in sub-Saharan Africa following fermentation, and drying of fresh roots of cassava, and are widely consumed in Cameroon. Once produced, this food commodity can be stored for more than two months and contaminated by a wide array of harmful microbes. In order to assess persistence of toxigenic fungi in cassava chips, aflatoxin-producing fungi (Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus nomius, and Aspergillus parasiticus) and aflatoxins were contrasted at regular intervals in home-stored cassava chips collected in two locations of southern Cameroon throughout a two-month monitoring period. Three hundred and forty-six isolates of aflatoxin-producing fungi were found to be associated with all samples. A. flavus contaminated more samples in both types of chips (267 isolates in 53 samples), followed by A. nomius (58 isolates in 15 samples), whereas ...

2009-01-01

Absence of detectable xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus in plasma or peripheral blood mononuclear cells of human immunodeficiency virus Type 1-infected blood donors or individuals in Africa

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

BACKGROUND: Since the identification of xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) in prostate cancer patients in 2006 and in chronic fatigue syndrome patients in 2009, conflicting findings have been reported regarding its etiologic role in human diseases and prevalence in general populations. In this study, we screened both plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) collected in Africa from blood donors and human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals to gain evidence of XMRV infection in this geographic region. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 199 plasma samples, 19 PBMNC samples, and 50 culture supernatants from PBMNCs of blood donors from Cameroon found to be infected with HIV-1 and HIV-1 patients from Uganda were screened for XMRV infecti...

2011-01-01

Negotiating Conflict: Rifā'a Rāfi' al-TahTāwi and the Translation of the "Other" in Nineteenth-century Egypt

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This paper analyses the role of the translator in the representation of alterity and the construction of national identity, with reference to the work of a nineteenth-century Egyptian translator, essayist and educationalist, Rif?'a R?fi' al-TahT?wi (1801-1874). The essay takhliS al-ibriz fi talkhiS b?ris ("The Extraction of Gold in the Summarizing of Paris") includes numerous examples of constructive translation and representation, which familiarised and legitimised the "other" through the identification of parallels, common values and experience. Al-TahT?wi negotiated between conflicting discourses of modernism and traditionalism, and it is argued that the issues of representation raised in his work are of particular relevance to contemporary concerns in the ...

2007-01-01

International heliophysical year and basic space science in West Asia

Analyses of uranium in some phosphate commercial products

This paper summarizes the IHY and BSS activities in West Asia and their importance in many Arab countries, such as Algeria, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, etc. BSS future plans for some of these countries are as follows: It is proposed by the astronomers from the Arabian Gulf Region to build the Gulf Observatory on top of Jabal Shams (2980 msl) which will have a 2-3 m optical telescope. Libya signed a contract with a French company for building an observatory which will have a 2-m optical robotic telescope. It is also proposed to rebuild the Iraqi National Astronomical Observatory (INAO) which was destroyed during the two wars. It is planned to build a 5-6 m optical telescope and a small solar telescope on the top of Korek mountain, which has excellent observing conditions.

2007-12-01

Research work on mutation breeding in Egypt during the 1980s

The raw materials used in manufacturing of phosphate fertilizer products were derived from rocks. Rocks contain a remarkable of natural radioactivity. Uranium and phosphorous were originally initiated at the same time of the initiated rocks. The purpose of this research is to investigate solubility of uranium phosphate species at the phosphate fertilizer samples, samples including; raw phosphate material, single super phosphates (SSP) granules and powdered, triple super phosphates (TSP) and phosphogypsum samples were obtained from Abu-Zabal factory in Egypt. Solubility of uranium phosphate species was estimated. It was found that, less than half of the uranium phosphate species are soluble in water. The soluble uranium may be enter into the food chains by plant. Therefore, restriction should be done in order to limit contamination of land and the public.

2004-02-24

Geology And Radioactivity of Gabal Halal, Northern Sinai, Egypt

The research work carried out on mutation breeding in Egypt during the 1980s is summarized. Several mutations have been developed in bread wheat, maize, rice and barley. A higher yield, tolerance to salinity, shorter types and earliness were obtained after use of different mutagens and growth regulators. Great attention has been paid to the fababean and chickpea, particularly in improving their quality and quantity of protein, and their resistance to insect weevils such as Callosobruchus sp. Tolerance or resistance to broom rape has also been reported. Various grain legumes such as lentil, pea, cowpea, bean, fenugreek and lupin received some attention. Mutation work on fibre crops such as cotton, kenaf and flax has led to some promising results. Zero type, glandless and early maturing mutants were obtained in cotton, and early flowering, high yielding (fibre or oil) mutants in flax. Some attention has been given to oil crops such as sesame, rapeseed, peanuts, ...

1990-06-18

[Aeromonas hydrophila-related septicemia in the Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus].

Gabal Ralal is one of the major asymmetrical doubly- plunging anticlinal fold belts (50 Km length) related to the Syrian Arc System in northern Sinai, Egypt. The exposed rock units at Gabal Ralal range from Cretaceous to Quaternary and are divided into eight formations which are from base to top: Malha, Ralal, Wata, Themed, Sudr, Beida, Egma and Quaternary wadi deposits. The image processing is applied using Landsat-7 satellite data to discriminate structure and lithology for defining the horizons of the radioactive anomalies of each rock unit. The extracted structural lineaments, using Ge Analyst-PCl package, from digital ETM data showed that the main structural trends are NE-SW and NW-SE normal faults which originated as extensional fractures with lateral dip-slip displacement. The axial trace of Gabal Ralal fold is curved and plunging to Wand SW directions while the northeastern part (Gabal Dalfa) is plunging to NE direction. The use of remote sensing data and ...

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X-ray scattering signatures of {beta}-thalassemia

From diseased wild and cultured Oreochromis niloticus in Lower Egypt, 17 Aeromonas hydrophila isolates were recovered. The mortality was between 10% and 70% in among cultured fish. The course of the disease ran in an acute manner. For cultured fish, the disease outbreaks were found mainly in winter and for the wild Nile fish, mortalities were observed in late spring and summer. Additionally wild fish were affected with ectoparasites. The LD50 values of the isolates ranged between 10(3) and 10(7). Isolates of high virulence were resistant to 1 hr boiling and to the bactericidal effect of fresh normal guinea pig serum. Moreover, they did not agglutinate in acriflavin. Only the virulent isolates could agglutinate tilapia erythrocytes. The above effects were reversed for avirulent isolates while moderately virulent isolates showed no consistency in their reactions. Tube agglutination test using O and WC antisera prepared against 6 isolates versus O and WC antigens of ...

1989-03-01

Solar desalination using humidification-dehumidification processes. Part II. An experimental investigation

X-ray scattering from lyophilized proteins or protein-rich samples is characterized by the presence of two characteristic broad peaks at scattering angles equivalent to momentum transfer values of 0.27 and 0.6 nm{sup -1}, respectively. These peaks arise from the interference of coherently scattered photons. Once the conformation of a protein is changed, these two peaks reflect such change with considerable sensitivity. The present work examines the possibility of characterizing the most common cause of hemolytic anaemia in Egypt and many Mediterranean countries; {beta}-thalassemia, from its X-ray scattering profile. This disease emerges from a genetic defect causing reduced rate in the synthesis of one of the globin chains that make up hemoglobin. As a result, structurally abnormal hemoglobin molecules are formed. In order to detect such molecular disorder, hemoglobin samples of {beta}-thalassemia patients are collected, lyophilized and measured using a ...

2009-08-11

Solar desalination using humidification-dehumidification processes. Part II. An experimental investigation

An experimental investigation of a humidification-dehumidification desalination (HDD) process using solar energy at the weather conditions of Suez City, Egypt, is presented. A test rig is designed and constructed to conduct this investigation under different environmental and operating conditions. The test rig consists of a solar water heater (concentrator solar collector type), solar air heater (flat plate solar collector type), humidifier tower and dehumidifier exchanger. Different variables are examined including the feed water flow rate, the air flow rate, the cooling water flow rate in the dehumidifier and the weather conditions. Comparisons between the experimental results and other published results are presented. It is found that the results of the developed mathematical model by the same authors are in good agreement with the experimental results. The tested results show that the productivity of the system is strongly affected by the saline water ...

2004-05-01

Solar desalination using humidification dehumidification processes. Pt. 2. An experimental investigation

2004-05-01

Environmental pollutant isotope measurements and natural radioactivity assessment for North Tushki area, south western desert, Egypt

2004-05-01

Economical evaluation of electricity generation considering externalities

Natural radioactive materials under certain conditions can reach hazardous radiological levels. The natural radionuclide ({sup 238}U, {sup 232}Th, {sup 40}K) contents of rock samples at various locations in the North Tushki area were investigated using gamma-spectrometric analysis. Estimates of the measured radionuclide content have been made for the absorbed dose rate of gamma radiation. The equivalent radium (R{sub eq}) and the external hazard index (H{sub ex}) which resulted from the natural radionuclides in soil are also calculated and tabulated. The studied samples have been collected from various rock exposures in the North Tushki area. The distribution of major oxides, U and Th were studied. It is found that the enrichment and depletion of the major oxides are mainly due to the effect of hydrothermal alteration, which caused mobility of some major oxides, which increases some elements and decreases others. It is important to mention that the study area is far from the ...

2002-09-01

Neutron activation analysis for determination of selected trace elements responsible for immunity in foodstuffs and water in egypt

The economics of renewable energy are the largest barrier to renewable penetration. Nevertheless, the strong desire to reduce environmental emissions is considered a great support for renewable energy sources. In this paper, a full analysis for the cost of the kWh of electricity generated from different systems actually used in Egypt is presented. Also renewable energy systems are proposed and their costs are analyzed. The analysis considers the external cost of emissions from different generating systems. A proposed large scale PV plant of 3.3 MW, and a wind farm 11.25 MW grid connected at different sites are investigated. A life cycle cost analysis for each system was performed using the present value criterion. The comparison results showed that wind energy generation has the lowest cost, followed by a combined cycle-natural gas fired system. A photovoltaic system still uses comparatively expensive technology for electricity generation; even when external costs ...

2002-02-01

Comparison Between Active and Passive Techniques for Radon Gas and Working Level measurements, El-Allouga Mine, Sinai, Egypt

Selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), molybdenum (Mo) and vanadium (V) in 28 types of Egyptian common foodstuffs as well as drinking and irrigation water samples were determined using neutron activation analysis (NAA) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The samples were collected from 74 sites over 13 governorates as well as the Nile river, wells and tap water in the regions of the Nile Delta, Sinai, the east and west desert, and north and south Egypt. These trace elements were chosen according to international references, which show the close relationship of their deficiencies to immunity-related diseases. Calculation values of daily uptake per capita were made with the results of analysis. The results, as calculated per 100 g dry weight, showed that some Egyptian foods are rich in Se including such fish (0.94 #mu#g), sesame (0.88 #mu#g), beef meat (0.48 #mu#g), instant tea (0.42 #mu#g), mushroom (0.34 #mu#g) and eggs (0.3 #mu#g), whereas the vegetables ...

Phosphor plasters of CaSO{sub 4}:Dy on the courtyard wall of Djehuty's tomb (Luxor, Egypt)

Two different techniques were used for measuring Rn-gas concentrations and Working Level (WL) in U-exploration galleries at El-Allouga Mine, Sinai, Egypt. The active techniques used EDA(RDA-200) with calibrated Lucas cell and Tri-Met-372 instruments and passive techniques used four different types of SSNTD. Twenty eight (28) stations inside the studied tunnels were located covering the different environmental conditions. The measurements were carried out during summer time, in the ventilated sector (16 stations), the average tunnel air temperature was 24.4 #+-# 2.2 degree C and relative humidity 38%. In the non-ventilated sector (12 stations), the average tunnel air temperature was 22.2#+-#0.4 degree C and relative humidity 70%. The Rn-gas concentrations using EDA(RDA-200) and calibrated Lucas cell, in the ventilated sector averaged 11.966 p Ci/l, while in the non-ventilated stations averaged 786.21 p Ci/l. Also for the Tisvoglu method, the values of (WL) in the ...

2007-04-22

Environmental pollutant isotope measurements and natural radioactivity assessment for North Tushki area, south western desert, Egypt

The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) analyses of plasters collected from the courtyard walls of Djehuty's tomb show anhydrite, calcite, dolomite, quartz, alkali feldspars and accessorial amounts of halite and illite. The external outer bed is mainly composed by anhydrite, since the original hydrous phases of gypsum plaster were desiccated during thirty centuries in the dry land environment of the Luxor area, under low relative humidity and high temperatures. The luminescence analyses by thermoluminescence (TL) and cathodoluminescence (CL) demonstrate as one plaster sample (m8), i.e., 95% anhydrite, displays a gigantic TL emission of 33 555 a.u. and a SEM/CL emission of 2319 a.u. maxima peak. The spectra CL also exhibits a 484 nm peak attributable to the classic {sup 4}F{sub 9/2}{yields}{sup 6}H{sub 15/2} transition circa 490 nm of Dy{sup 3+} and a 573 nm emission of Dy{sup 3+} masked in a broad emission band centered at 620 nm. The ...

2008-02-15