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1

Power spectral density measurements with "2"5"2Cf for a mockup of the FFTF  

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... californium 252 fftf reactor mockup power density reactor cores reactor noise

1975-06-08

3

Single-event burnout of power MOSFET devices for satellite application  

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Single-event burnout (SEB) sensitivity was tested for power MOSFET devices, JTMCS081 and JTMCS062, which were made in Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, using californium-252 simulation source. SEB voltage threshold was found for devices under test (DUT). It is helpful for engineers to choose devices used in satellites. (authors)

2008-12-01

4

Neutron multiplicities for the transplutonium nuclides  

Science.gov (United States)

This paper continues, with respect to the transplutonium nuclides, earlier efforts to collate and evaluate data from the scientific literature on the prompt neutron multiplicity distribution from fission and its first moment = ..sigma..nuPnu. The isotopes considered here for which P/sub nu/ and or data (or both) were found in the literature are of americium (Am), curium (Cm), berkelium (Bk), californium (Cf), einsteinium (Es), fermium (Fm), and nobelium (No).

1985-01-01

5

Neutron multiplicities for the transplutonium nuclides  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper continues, with respect to the transplutonium nuclides, earlier efforts to collate and evaluate data from the scientific literature on the prompt neutron multiplicity distribution from fission and its first moment = ..sigma..nuPnu. The isotopes considered here for which P/sub nu/ and or data (or both) were found in the literature are of americium (Am), curium (Cm), berkelium (Bk), californium (Cf), einsteinium (Es), fermium (Fm), and nobelium (No).

1985-01-01

7

Review of fission product yields and delayed neutron data for the actinides Np-237, Pu-242, Am-242m, Am-243, Cm-243 and Cm-245  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A review of fission product yields and delayed neutron data for Np-237, Pu-242, Am-242m, Am-243, Cm-243 and Cm-245 has been undertaken. Gaps in understanding and inconsistencies in existing data were identified and priority areas for further experimental, theoretical and evaluation investigation detailed. (author)

1991-07-01

8

Review of fission product yields and delayed neutron data for the actinides Np-237, Pu-242, Am-242m, Am-243, Cm-243 and Cm-245  

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A review of fission product yields and delayed neutron data for Np-237, Pu-242, Am-242m, Am-243, Cm-243 and Cm-245 has been undertaken. Gaps in understanding and inconsistencies in existing data were identified and priority areas for further experimental, theoretical and evaluation investigation detailed. (author)

1990-11-06

9

Which neuro-physiologic effects at low level 2.45 GHz RF exposure?; Quels effets neurophysiologiques pour un champ electromagnetique de faible puissance a 2,45 GHz?  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The LS electromagnetic band (1-4 GHz) is widely used both in domestic and industrial domains. Several studies suggested that the biological systems would exhibit a specific sensitivity to the 2.45 GHz microwaves (water resonance frequency). Potential human health hazards and especially a disruption of the cholinergic system have been reported, due to exposure to microwaves even at low power density. This work presents a multi-parametric study of freely moving rat where neuro-physiology was investigated during 70 hours using neurochemical (micro-dialysis technique), electrophysiological, behavioral (vigilance stages quantification) and thermo-physiological approaches. The rats were exposed 24 hours to a 2.45 GHz pulsed electromagnetic field at low power density. In this exposure conditions, no significant effect have been reported. (authors)

2007-06-15

10

Technical description of solution sha2006d 1. Purpose of solution ...  

Science.gov (United States)

The wrms of postfit residuals is 23.003 ps and chi-sq/ndg = 1.089. .... 1555-140 1556-245 1600+43A 1600+43B 1600-489 1606-398 \\ 1608+243 1611-710 1628+216 ...

11

Amberlyst A-15: Reusable catalyst for the synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted and 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted-1H-imidazoles under MW irradiation  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

One-pot multi-component condensation of benzyl, aldehydes, ammonium acetate and primary amines were used for synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted and 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted-1H-imidazole derivatives under MW radiation using amberlyst A-15 as a catalysts. This catalyst has several advantages (simple work-up, low cost and reusability).

2011-01-01

12

Wilsonville Advanced Coal Liquefaction Research and Development Facility, Wilsonville, Alabama. Technical progress report, Run 245 with Illinois 6 coal  

Science.gov (United States)

This report presents the operating results for Run 245 at the Advanced Coal Liquefaction R and D Facility in Wilsonville, Alabama. This run was made in an all-distillate Integrated Two-Stage Liquefaction (ITSL) mode using Illinois 6 coal from the Burning Star mine. The primary run objective was to obtain steady-state ITSL performance by replacing spent HTR reactor catalyst with fresh, sulfided catalyst. Secondary objectives were to maintain an all-distillate (minimum resid production) product slate and to demonstrate the effects of catalyst addition on the net gas production and hydrogen consumption. Run 245 began on 7 November, 1983, and continued through 12 February, 1984. During this period, 179.0 tons of coal was fed in 2045 hours of operation. Eight special product workup material balances were defined, and the results are presented herein. 6 references, 28 figures, 20 tables.

1984-10-01

13

Pulse radiolysis of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol: Formation, kinetics, and properties of hydroxytrichlorocyclohexadienyl, trichlorophenoxyl, and dihydroxytrichlorocyclohexadienyl radicals  

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pulse radiolysis has been used to optically and kinetically characterize the transient free radicals formed by the reaction of H"s"m"-"b"u"l"l"e"t, N_3"s"m"-"b"u"l"l"e"t, or OH"s"m"-"b"u"l"l"e"t with 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (TCP-OH). The hydroxy-2,4,5-trichlorocyclohexadienyl radical (H-TCP-OH) formed by H"s"m"-"b"u"l"l"e"t addition to TCP-OH [k = (1.1 #+-# 0.2) x 10"9 M"-"1 s"-"1] has an absorption maximum at 360 nm with #epsilon#_3_6_0 = (4700 #+-# 1000) M"-"1 cm"-"1. The 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyl radical (TCP-O"s"m"-"b"u"l"l"e"t) formed by the reaction of N_3"s"m"-"b"u"l"l"e"t with TCP-O- [k = (4.3 #+-# 0.8) x 10"9 M"-"1 s"-"1] has an absorption maximum at 430 nm with #epsilon#_4_3_0 = (3600 #+-# 600) M"-"1 cm"-"1. The dihydroxy-2,4,5-trichlorocyclohexadienyl radical (HO-TCP-OH) formed by OH"s"m"-"b"u"l"l"e"t radical addition to TCP-OH [k = (1.2 #+-# 0.1) x 10"1"0 M"-"1 s"-"1] has an absorption maximum ...

14

THERMAL-NEUTRON FISSION CROSS SECTIONS FOR ISOTOPES OF PLUTONIUM, AMERICIUM, AND CURIUM  

Science.gov (United States)

The following thermal-neutron fission cross sections have been measured in the thermal column of the Materials "Testing Reactor at Idaho Falls, Idaho: Pu/ sup 238/, 18.4 plus or minus 0.9 b; Am/sup 241/, 3.13 plus or minus 0.15 b; Am/sup 245/, 6390 plus or minus 500 b; Am/sup 243/, <0.072 b Cm/sup 243/, 690 plus or minus 50 b; Cm/sup 245/, 1880 plus or minus 150 b. In addition, a pile neutron capture cross section of 520 plus or minus 40 b has been measured for Pu/sup 238/. (auth)

1957-09-01

15

Oil shale in China: resources and utilization  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

China is continuing to extract oil from kerogen shale despite having a crude production capacity of 100 Mt a year. Among the reasons for this policy are the country's rich oil shale resources, comparatively mature extraction techniques, and a comprehensive utilization of the shale that has proved to be economically profitable. China has oil shale deposits of 340 Gt, equivalent to 24.5 Gt of shale oil, to rank fourth in the world after the U.S., Brazil, and the Soviet Union.

1984-05-01

16

Total and spontaneous fission half-lives of the americium and curium nuclides  

Science.gov (United States)

The total half-life and the half-life for spontaneous fission are evaluated for the various long-lived nuclides of interest. Recommended values are presented for /sup 241/Am, /sup 242m/Am, /sup 243/Am, /sup 242/Cm, /sup 243/Cm, /sup 244/Cm, /sup 245/Cm, /sup 246/Cm, /sup 247/Cm, /sup 248/Cm, and /sup 250/Cm. The uncertainties are provided at the 95% confidence limit for each of the recommended values.

1984-01-01

17

Total and spontaneous fission half-lives of the americium and curium nuclides  

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The total half-life and the half-life for spontaneous fission are evaluated for the various long-lived nuclides of interest. Recommended values are presented for "2"4"1Am, "2"4"2Am, "2"4"3Am, "2"4"2Cm, "2"4"3Cm, "2"4"4Cm, "2"4"5Cm, "2"4"6Cm, "2"4"7Cm, "2"4"8Cm, and "2"5"0Cm. The uncertainties are provided at the 95% confidence limit for each of the recommended values. (author).

1985-06-01

18

Reliability of self-aligned, ledge passivated 7.5 GHz GaAs/AlGaAs HBT power amplifiers under RF bias stress at elevated temperatures  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The authors report a two-temperature RF bias stress test on nominal 1.2 W 7.5 GHz GaAs/AlGaAs HBT unit cell amplifiers. MTTF`s of 2020 and 1340 hours were obtained at Tj = 218{degrees}C and 245{degrees}C, respectively, under nominal input bias. An activation energy of 0.42 eV is estimated, consistent with published results for similar devices under DC bias stress.

1995-12-31

19

American National Standard: for nuclear criticality control of special actinide elements  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This standard is applicable to operations with the following: /sup 237/Np, /sup 238/Pu, /sup 240/Pu, /sup 241/Pu, /sup 242/Pu, /sup 241/Am, /sup 242m/Am, /sup 243/Am, /sup 243/Cm, /sup 244/Cm, /sup 245/Cm, /sup 247/Cm, /sup 249/Cf and /sup 251/Cf. Subcritical mass limits are presented for isolated fissionable units. The limits are not applicable to interacting units.

1981-01-01

20

The JT-60U 2.45 MeV neutron time-of-flight spectrometer  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A 2.45 MeV neutron time-of-flight spectrometer was designed and built for measurements of neutron energy spectra from the JT-60U Tokamak. The spectrometer consists of two fast plastic scintillators (50 cm{sup 2} and 1800 cm{sup 2}, thickness: 2 cm) where each detector is located on two constant time-of-flight spheres. The time-of-flight spheres have radius of 1 m which gives a neutron flight length of {approx}164 cm and a time-of-flight of {approx}92 ns for 2.45 MeV source neutrons. The calculated spectrometer efficiency and resolution are 2.8 x 10{sup -2} cm{sup 2} and 105 keV (4.3%), respectively. The energy resolution corresponds to a time resolution of 2.0 ns. The spectrometer will measure neutrons in a vertical line-of-sight, {approx}9 m from the plasma center. For a total neutron emission of 10{sup 16} n/s, the countrate in the first scattering detector, located in the neutron beam, is estimated to {approx}2.5 MHz. The useful countrate ...

1999-11-01

 
 
 
 
21

Benchmark Analysis of Subcritical Noise Measurements on a Nickel-Reflected Plutonium Metal Sphere  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Subcritical experiments using californium source-driven noise analysis (CSDNA) and Feynman variance-to-mean methods were performed with an alpha-phase plutonium sphere reflected by nickel shells, up to a maximum thickness of 7.62 cm. Both methods provide means of determining the subcritical multiplication of a system containing nuclear material. A benchmark analysis of the experiments was performed for inclusion in the 2010 edition of the International Handbook of Evaluated Criticality Safety Benchmark Experiments. Benchmark models have been developed that represent these subcritical experiments. An analysis of the computed eigenvalues and the uncertainty in the experiment and methods was performed. The eigenvalues computed using the CSDNA method were very close to those calculated using MCNP5; however, computed eigenvalues are used in the analysis of the CSDNA method. Independent calculations using KENO-VI provided similar eigenvalues to those determined using the ...

2009-09-01

22

Total and spontaneous fission half-lives for americium and curium nuclides  

Science.gov (United States)

The long-lived nuclides of the americium curium elements are of interest for their use in certain safeguard applications and for nuclear reactor burnup studies in waste management. Recommended values are presented for /sup 241,242m,243/Am, and for /sup 242,243,244,245,246,247,248,250/Cm. These values result from a consistent evaluation of all these half-lives. These preliminary estimates were presented earlier. The uncertainties are provided at the 95% confidence limit for each of the recommended values. It will be noted that many of the recommended errors considerably exceed errors quoted by individual authors in their publication, by up to an order of magnitude, e.g., the total half-life of /sup 242,246,248/Cm and the spontaneous fission half-life of /sup 244/Cm. 65 refs., 18 tabs.

1985-01-01

23

Syntheses, X-ray crystal structures, and spectroscopic properties of new nickel dithiolenes and related compounds  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The direct addition of nickel powder to the reaction mixtures of 1,3-dialkyl-4,5-dioxoimidazolidine-2-thione (1) with the thionation Lawesson reagent produces [Ni{sup II}(R{sub 2}timdt{sup -}){sub 2}] (R{sub 2}timdt = 1,3-dialkylmidazolidine-2,4,5-trithione). These complexes belong to a new class of nickel-dithiolenes, showing remarkably high absorption ({epsilon} {approx} 80 000 dm{sup 3} mol{sup -1} cm{sup -1}, {lambda} {approx} 1000 nm) in the near-infrared region (near-IR), accompanied by high photochemical stability that makes these complexes promising near-IR dyes.

1997-03-12

24

Search for novel origins of cosmic-ray antiprotons and antimatter with BESS-Polar flight over Antarctica  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The primary aims of the BESS-Polar program are precise measurements of the low-energy antiproton spectrum and search for cosmologically significant antimatter, which would provide new clues to understand the early Universe. The second flight (BESS-Polar II) over Antarctica was successfully carried out in December 2007 - January 2008. We performed 24.5 days scientific observation just at the solar minimum. The payload worked well during the flight and 4.7 billion cosmic-ray events were collected, which corresponds to 10-20 times statistics of the BESS data taken in the previous solar minimum period (1995 and 1997). Based on the BESS-Polar II data, we will present recent preliminary results of cosmic-ray antiproton measurements and sensitive search for antimatter. (authors)

2010-07-01

25

Prompt neutron multiplicities for the transplutonium nuclides  

Science.gov (United States)

The direct determination of the average prompt neutron emission values is reviewed, and a method of comparing different sites of neutron emission multiplicity distribution values is described. Measured and recommended values are tabulated for these nuclides: /sup 241/Am, /sup 242/Am, /sup 242/Cm, /sup 243/Cm, /sup 244/Cm, /sup 246/Cm, /sup 247/Cm, /sup 248/Cm, /sup 250/Cm, /sup 245/Cm, /sup 249/Bk, /sup 246/Cf, /sup 249/Cf, /sup 250/Cf, /sup 252/Cf, /sup 254/Cf, /sup 251/Cf, /sup 253/Es, /sup 254/Es, /sup 244/Fm, /sup 246/Fm, /sup 255/Fm, /sup 252/No, /sup 254/Fm, /sup 256/Fm, /sup 257/Fm. 59 refs., 24 tabs. (LEW)

1985-01-01

26

Microwave excitation of a CO/sub 2/ laser. Master's thesis  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A flowing carbon dioxide laser was operated at low pressures up to 4 torr. Excitation of the laser was provided using various combinations of direct current (DC), pulsed microwave, and continuous wave (CW) microwave excitation. The microwaves were in the 2.45 GHz band and were coupled into the gas using a slow-wave interdigital transmission line. Laser output of 25 milliwatts (mw) was achieved using a DC discharge only. A combination of a DC discharge and pulsed microwaves doubled the output and resulted in some modulation. Changing the laser gas mixture and pulsed microwave field characteristics allowed some flexibility in the modulation. Lasing was not achieved with excitation from the CW microwaves alone due to the formation of localized discharges. Using pulsed microwaves to sustain the discharge and CW microwaves to pump the laser, a quasi-CW output of 55 mw was achieved.

1983-12-01

27

Delayed neutron yields: Time dependent measurements and a predictive model  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The delayed neutrons from neutron-induced fission in /sup 232/U, /sup 237/Np, /sup 238/Pu, /sup 241/Am, /sup 242/Am/sup m/, /sup 245/Cm, and /sup 249/Cf were studied for the first time; those from /sup 232/Th, /sup 233/U, /sup 235/U, /sup 238/U, /sup 239/Pu, /sup 241/Pu, and /sup 242/Pu were measured again. The data were used to develop an expression for the prediction of the absolute delayed neutron yield, and the prediction of delayed neutron emission with time. This approach accurately predicts observed delayed neutron yields and decay characteristics. A fission product yield model was used in conjunction with delayed neutron emission probability to analytically predict delayed neutron characteristics. The results of this analysis are in excellent agreement with experimental values.

1981-03-01

28

ZZ UKFY2, Fission Yields of Th, U, Np, Pu, Am, Cm, Cf Isotopes  

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Description of program or function: Format: ENDFB-6 format; Nuclides: Th-232, U-233, U-234, U-235, U-236, U-238, Np-237, Np-238, Pu-238, Pu-239, Pu-240, Pu-241, Pu-242, Am-241, Am-242, Am-243, Cm-243, Cm-244, Cm-245, and from the spontaneous fission of Cm-242, Cm-244, and Cf-252. Origin: New evaluation (Crouch 1, 2, 3, 4; UKFY1; JEF-1). A new evaluation of fission product yields from the thermal, fast, and 14 MeV neutron-induced fission of the following nuclides has been prepared in ENDFB-VI format: "2"3"2Th, "2"3"3U, "2"3"4U, "2"3"5U, "2"3"6U, "2"3"8U, "2"3"7Np, "2"3"8Np, "2"3"8Pu, "2"3"9Pu, "2"4"0Pu, "2"4"1Pu, "2"4"2Pu, "2"4"1Am, "2"4"2"mAm, "2"4"3Am, "2"4"3Cm, "2"4"4Cm, "2"4"5Cm; and from the spontaneous fission of "2"4"2Cm, "2"4"4Cm, and "2"5"2Cf

29

Combined solar organic Rankine cycle with reverse osmosis desalination process: Energy, exergy, and cost evaluations  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Organic Rankine cycles (ORC) have unique properties that are well suited to solar power generation. In this work design and performance calculations are performed using MatLab/SimuLink computational environment. The cycle consists of thermal solar collectors (Flat Plate Solar Collector (FPC), or Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC), or Compound Parabolic Concentrator (CPC)) for heat input, expansion turbine for work output, condenser unit for heat rejection, pump unit, and Reverse Osmosis (RO) unit. Reverse osmosis unit specifications used in this work is based on Sharm El-Shiekh RO desalination plant. Different working fluids such as: butane, isobutane, propane, R134a, R152a, R245ca, and R245fa are examined for FPC. R113, R123, hexane, and pentane are investigated for CPC. Dodecane, nonane, octane, and toluene are allocated for PTC. The proposed process units are modeled and show a good validity with literatures. Exergy and cost analysis are ...

2010-11-15

30

Weed control and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield under application of 2,4-D plus carfentrazone-ethyl and florasulam plus flumetsulam: Evaluation of the efficacy  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Three field experiments were conducted at the research fields of Plant Protection Research Institute, Iran, at different locations in 2004-2005 to study the efficacy of different broadleaved herbicides to control weeds in wheat. Treatments were the full-season hand weeded and weed-infested controls, and post-emergence applications of florasulam plus flumetsulam at 8.75, 10.50, and 12.25ga.i./ha, 2,4-D plus carfentrazone-ethyl at 210, 245, 280, and 490ga.i./ha, bromoxynil plus MCPA at 75, 100, and 150ga.i./ha, 2,4-D at 560, 720, and 1120ga.i./ha, tribenuron methyl, and 2,4-D plus MCPA. Herbicides were applied at wheat tillering stage. Naturally occurring broadleaved weed populations were used in experiments. Results indicated that bromoxynil plus MCPA at 150ga.i./ha, 2,4-D plus MCPA, and 2,...

2007-01-01

31

Virtual colonoscopy (CT colonography) in the identification of colorectal cancer. A prospective study in symptomatic patients  

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of virtual colonoscopy (CT colonography) in the identification of colorectal cancer and to define the limitations and the advantages of this imaging modality, as well as indications to the examination. It was examined prospectively 62 symptomatic patients aged 36 to 82 years (28 women and 34 men). All patients underwent both conventional and virtual colonoscopy on the same day; the conventional examination allowed exploration of the entire colon. Conventional colonoscopy identified 89 lesions 3-50 mm in diameter, namely 84 benign and 5 malignant lesions. No lesions were identified in 12 patients. CT colonography identified 52 of the 89 lesions, with 57.1% diagnostic accuracy. They were 11 false positives (82.5% positive predictive value and 52.2% specificity) and 37 false negatives (24.5% negative predictive value and 58.4% sensitivity). Sensitivity was significantly higher (85.7%) for polyps #>=# 1 cm. Virtual ...

2000-06-01

32

The intriguing nature of the high energy gamma ray source XSSJ12270-4859  

CERN Document Server

The nature of the hard X-ray source XSSJ12270-4859 is still unclear though it was claimed to be a magnetic Cataclysmic Variable. We here present a broad-band X-ray and gamma ray study based on a recent XMM-Newton observation and archival INTEGRAL and RXTE data. From the Fermi/LAT 1-year point source catalogue, we tentatively associate XSSJ12270-4859 with 1FGLJ1227.9-4852, a source of high energy gamma rays with emission up to 10GeV. We complement the study with UV photometry from XMM-Newton and ground-based optical and near-IR photometry. The X-ray emission is highly variable showing flares and intensity dips. The X-ray flares consist of flare-dip pairs. Flares are also detected in the UV range but not the dips. Aperiodic dipping behaviour is also observed during X-ray quiescence but not in the UV. The 0.2-100keV spectrum is featureless and described by a power law model with Gamma=1.7. The 100MeV-10GeV spectrum is instead represented by a power law index of 2.45. ...

2010-01-01

33

Studying the atmosphere of the exoplanet HAT-P-7b via secondary eclipse measurements with EPOXI, Spitzer and Kepler  

CERN Document Server

The highly irradiated transiting exoplanet, HAT-P-7b, currently provides one of the best opportunities for studying planetary emission in the optical and infrared wavelengths. We observe six near-consecutive secondary eclipses of HAT-P-7b at optical wavelengths with the EPOXI spacecraft. We place an upper limit on the relative eclipse depth of 0.055% (95% confidence). We also analyze Spitzer observations of the same target in the infrared, obtaining secondary eclipse depths of 0.098+/-0.017%, 0.159+/-0.022%, 0.245+/-0.031% and 0.225+/-0.052% in the 3.6, 4.5, 5.8 and 8.0 micron IRAC bands respectively. We combine these measurements with the recently published Kepler secondary eclipse measurement, and generate atmospheric models for the day-side of the planet that are consistent with both the optical and infrared measurements. The data are best fit by models with a temperature inversion, as expected from the high incident flux. The models predict a low optical albedo ...

2009-01-01

34

Relative contribution of green manures in sulphur nutrition of Toria (Brassica campestris)  

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Application of inorganic S upto 20 mg kg"-"1 soil increased the grain yield of toria and total uptake of S. Incorporation of green manure (above ground portion) alongwith inorganic S further increased the grain yield of toria as well as sulphur uptake. Maximum grain yield of toria was obtained when green manure was supplemented with 10 mg S kg"-"1 soil. Cowpea as green manure proved superior to guara. Per cent S derived from green manures (SdfGM) decreased with increase in the level of inorganic S and ranged from 12.3 to 25.1. Total amount of S supplied by cowpea and guara in presence of varying levels of inorganic S ranged from 7.6 to 10.5 and 5.9 to 8.6 mg pot"-"1, respectively. Correspondingly, the per cent utilization of S ranged from 24.5 to 33.9 and 19.4 to 28.7, respectively. The results suggest that S from green manures significantly contributed to S nutrition of oilseed crops and it should be considered for better management of S. (author). 8 refs., 4 ...

35

Photorefractive keratectomy with mitomycin-C after corneal transplantation for keratoconus  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

PurposeTo evaluate the efficacy of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for residual refractive error after penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) for keratoconus. SettingPrivate ophthalmic clinic. DesignCase series. MethodConsecutive patients who had PRK augmented with topical mitomycin-C (MMC) after PKP for keratoconus were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into a a low cylinder group (refractive cylinder 6.00 D). Visual acuity, refraction, and keratometry were analyzed preoperatively and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. ResultsThe study comprised 47 eyes (41 patients). The spherical equivalent (SE) decreased from -4.24 D +- 3.23 (SD) preoperatively to -0.71 +- 1.03 D 12 months postoperatively in the low cylinder group and from -4.19 +- 3.54 D to -2.45 +- 3.42 D, respectively, ...

2011-01-01

36

NMR study of Ba2"+ ion motion in one-dimensional ionic conductor with hollandite-type structure  

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ionic motion of a divalent cation, Ba"2"+, in a single crystal of Ba-Al-priderite was studied using "2"7Al as an NMR probe. Several pairs of satellite peaks due to electric quadrupole interaction were observed superposed on broad satellite tails on both sides of the main peak of "2"7Al. These peak pairs indicate the existence of some stable three-dimensional configurations of Ba"2"+ ions in the structure, and the broad shoulders show a random substitution of Al"3"+ for Ti"4"+ sites. The temperature dependence of the spin-lattice relaxation time T"*_l measured in the temperature range from 161 to 1176 K was analyzed by a curve fitting method on the assumption that there are two types of Ba"2"+ ions. An activation energy of 0.47 eV was obtained for the motion of Ba"2"+ ions which are easy to move, and a broad distribution of activation energies spread over a range from 0.95 to 2.45 eV was obtained for the motion of Ba"2"+ ions which form a three-dimensional honeycomb ...

37

Kinetics and mechanism of superoxide radical reactions with some biologically important compounds in aqueous solutions. Pulse radiolysis  

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Microsecond pulse radiolysis of oxygenated aqueous solutions containing 0.02 mol dm"-"3 sodium formate and 2 mmol dm"-"3 phosphate buffer at pH 7 was used to generate superoxide anion radicals. The influence of some biologically important compounds upon the rate of O_2"."-"b"a"r decay as monitored spectrophotometrically in the range of 245-300 nm. Hematoporphyrin (HP), hemin C (HC), catalase (Cat), cobalt sulfophthalocyanine (CoTSPc) were studied. Among the investigated compounds only Cat was found to show a high catalytic efficiency towards the self-decay of O_2"."-"b"a"r. A red shift of 0_2"."-"b"a"r absorption band and slowing down of its decay were observed to take place by adding HP or CoTSPc to the solutions containing formate ions in excess. This effect is associated with the formation of a transient superoxo-complex. An appearance of an intermediate species with absorption maxima at 350 nm and half-life of about 2 s was observed to accompany the ...

38

High Magnetic Field NMR Studies of LiVGe$_2$O$_6$, a quasi 1-D Spin $S = 1$ System  

CERN Document Server

We report $^{7}$Li pulsed NMR measurements in polycrystalline and single crystal samples of the quasi one-dimensional S=1 antiferromagnet LiVGe$_2$O$_6$, whose AF transition temperature is $T_{\\text{N}}\\simeq 24.5$ K. The field ($B_0$) and temperature ($T$) ranges covered were 9-44.5 T and 1.7-300 K respectively. The measurements included NMR spectra, the spin-lattice relaxation rate ($T_1^{-1}$), and the spin-phase relaxation rate ($T_2^{-1}$), often as a function of the orientation of the field relative to the crystal axes. The spectra indicate an AF magnetic structure consistent with that obtained from neutron diffraction measurements, but with the moments aligned parallel to the c-axis. The spectra also provide the $T$-dependence of the AF order parameter and show that the transition is either second order or weakly first order. Both the spectra and the $T_1^{-1}$ data show that $B_0$ has at most a small effect on the alignment of the AF moment. There is no ...

2001-01-01

39

Generation of ozone by pulsed corona discharge over water surface in hybrid gas-liquid electrical discharge reactor  

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ozone formation by a pulse positive corona discharge generated in the gas phase between a planar high voltage electrode made from reticulated vitreous carbon and a water surface with an immersed ground stainless steel plate electrode was investigated under various operating conditions. The effects of gas flow rate (0.5-3 litre min"-"1), discharge gap spacing (2.5-10 mm), applied input power (2-45 W) and gas composition (oxygen containing argon or nitrogen) on ozone production were determined. Ozone concentration increased with increasing power input and with increasing discharge gap. The production of ozone was significantly affected by the presence of water vapour formed through vaporization of water at the gas-liquid interface by the action of the gas phase discharge. The highest energy efficiency for ozone production was obtained using high voltage pulses of approximately 150 ns duration in Ar/O_2 mixtures with the maximum efficiency (energy yield) of 23 g kW ...

2005-02-07

40

Economic evaluation of the solar carbothermic reduction of ZnO by using a single sensitivity analysis and a Monte-Carlo risk analysis  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The technical feasibility of the solar carbothermal reduction of ZnO has been successfully demonstrated in a pilot plant. The economics of this process is addressed by means of a single sensitivity analysis and a Monte-Carlo risk analysis. A medium-term and a long-term scenario have been investigated, each for a 5 and a 30 MW{sub th} plant. For a discount rate of 15% the zinc production costs vary between 482 and 245 $/t for the medium-term scenario and between 312 and 146 $/t for the long-term scenario, respectively. These costs do not account for the zinc oxide input material. In addition, a risk analysis was conducted for the 30 MW{sub th} long-term scenario. For each input parameter, a probability distribution was estimated and the probability distribution of the zinc production cost was calculated by means of a Monte-Carlo method. The expected mean zinc production costs vary from 95 $/t for a discount rate of 0%-286 $/t for a discount rate of 40%. (author)

2007-07-15

 
 
 
 
41

Economic Assessment of the Negative Impacts of Ozone on Crop Yields and Forest Production. A Case Study of the Estate Oestads Saeteri in Southwestern Sweden  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ground level ozone concentrations, in combination with the prevailing climate, at the estate Oestads Saeteri in southwestern Sweden were estimated to reduce the yield of wheat and potato ranging between 5% and 10%. Occasionally, in years with the highest ozone concentrations and/or climatic conditions favoring high rates of ozone uptake to the leaves, yield loss levels above 10% may occur. Based on simple extrapolation, these ozone-induced reductions of crop yields at Oestads Saeteri represent a potential total annual yield loss in Sweden in the range of 24.5 million Euro for wheat and 7.3 million Euro for potato, respectively. A simulation of forest growth at Oestads Saeteri predicted that prevailing mean ozone exposure during 1993-2003 had the potential to reduce forest growth by 2.2% and the economic return of forest production by 2.6%. Using this value for extrapolation to the national level, the potential annual economic loss for Sweden due to negative impacts ...

2005-02-01

42

Application of pharmacological techniques to the study of the biological effects of microwaves during low level exposures  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The influence of low-level microwaves (2.45 GHz, CW, 2 and 5 mW.cm/sup -2/) was studied on various models of previsional animal psychopharmacology involving tests of motor activity, stereotypy, convulsions and hypothermia after a standard 30 min irradiation. The results obtained on 933 rodents allow to conclude that: (1) there is no interaction between microwaves and the studied convulsants and stimulants; (2) there is a possibility of potentialization of the behavioral effects of a tranquilizer; (3) there is a thermogenic effect of microwaves; (4) there is no change of the blood-brain barrier permeability. The demonstration of a thermal effect of microwaves during radiations lower than 10 mW.cm/sup -2/ the safety threshold admitted presently (a value below which the exposure duration comes under regulation) could explain the energetic nature of certain effects of microwaves up-to-now described as non-thermal.

1982-01-01

43

Americium and curium total half-lives and for the spontaneous fission branch  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The long-lived nuclides of the americium and curium elements are of interest for their use in certain safeguard applications and for nuclear reactor burnup studies in waste management. Recommended values are presented for /sup 241,242m,243/Am, and for /sup 242,243,244,245,246,247,248,250/Cm. These values result from a consistent evaluation of all these half-lives. These preliminary estimates were presented earlier. The uncertainties are provided at the 95% confidence limit for each of the recommended values. It will be noted that many of the recommended errors considerably exceed errors quoted by individual authors in their publication, by up to an order of magnitude, e.g. the total half-life of /sup 242,246,248/Cm and the spontaneous fission half-life of /sup 244/Cm. These preliminary estimates for the half-lives were given previously. Efforts continue to reevaluate the various experiments to better gauge the systematic errors involved and reassess the total ...

1985-01-01

44

A gas-jet ECR ion source at TRIGA-SPEC  

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The TRIGA-SPEC experiment has been installed recently at the research reactor TRIGA Mainz. Ground state properties like masses, charge radii, spins, and moments of short-lived nuclides can be determined with very-high precision using the Penning trap mass spectrometer TRIGA-TRAP, and the collinear laser spectroscopy setup TRIGA-LASER. Short-lived neutron-rich radionuclides in the mass range 80 < A < 140 are produced by thermal neutron induced fission of e.g. U-235, Pu-239 or Cf-249, respectively. For the extraction and ionization of the fission products a gas-jet system is coupled to a 2.45-GHz ECR ion source for the production of singly charged ions. The gas-jet has been tested on-line and fission products have been extracted. First off-line tests of the ion source have been performed successfully with argon gas. The results of the commissioning test of the ion source and the on-line coupling of the experiments are presented.

2010-03-08

45

Virtual colonoscopy (CT colonography) in the identification of colorectal cancer. A prospective study in symptomatic patients; Impiego dell'endoscopia virtuale con Tomografia Computerizzata nell'identificazione delle neoplasie colorettali. Studio prospettivo in pazienti sintomatici  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of virtual colonoscopy (CT colonography) in the identification of colorectal cancer and to define the limitations and the advantages of this imaging modality, as well as indications to the examination. It was examined prospectively 62 symptomatic patients aged 36 to 82 years (28 women and 34 men). All patients underwent both conventional and virtual colonoscopy on the same day; the conventional examination allowed exploration of the entire colon. Conventional colonoscopy identified 89 lesions 3-50 mm in diameter, namely 84 benign and 5 malignant lesions. No lesions were identified in 12 patients. CT colonography identified 52 of the 89 lesions, with 57.1% diagnostic accuracy. They were 11 false positives (82.5% positive predictive value and 52.2% specificity) and 37 false negatives (24.5% negative predictive value and 58.4% sensitivity). Sensitivity was significantly higher (85.7%) for polyps {>=} 1 cm. ...

2000-06-01

46

Thermal action of 2. 45 GHz microwaves on the cytoplasm of Chinese hamster cells  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In order to demonstrate possible specific effects of microwaves at the cellular level V-79 Chinese hamster cells were exposed to 2.45-GHz radiation at power levels of 20-200 mW/cm2 and at specific absorption rates of 10-100 mW/g. Intracellular cytoplasmic changes were observed by fluorescence polarization using a method based on the intracellular enzymatic hydrolysis of nonfluorescent fluorescein diacetate (FDA). At levels of absorbed energy below 90 J/g, modifications of microviscosity and mitochondrial state were absent, but a slight stimulation of enzymatic hydrolysis of FDA was observed which may be explained by microwave-induced alterations of cellular membranes possibly due to differences in heating pattern of microwaves compared to water-bath heating. At levels of absorbed energy above 90 J/g, the decrease of enzymatic hydrolysis of FDA, increase in degree of polarization, and increase of permeation of the fluorescent marker correlated well with the decrease ...

1984-01-01

47

Theoretical investigations on improving performance of cooling systems for fuel cell vehicles; Theoretische Untersuchungen zur Kuehlleistungssteigerung durch innovative Kuehlsysteme fuer Brennstoffzellen-Elektrofahrzeuge  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this work theoretical investigations are carried out for cooling systems, which are used in fuel cell vehicles. This work focuses mainly on the capability of increasing the heat rejection rate by using new alternative cooling systems and by improving the conventional cooling system. Fuel cell vehicles have a higher demand of heat rejection to the ambient than comparable vehicles with combustion engine. The performance of conventional liquid cooling systems, especially at high loads and high ambient temperatures, is often not sufficient anymore. Hence, cooling systems with improved performance are necessary for fuel cell vehicles. The investigations in this work are based on DaimlerChrysler's ''A-Class'' having a PEM-Fuel Cell system integrated. Specific computational models are developed for radiators and condensers to evaluate the performance of different cooling concepts. The models are validated with experimental data. Based on an ...

2008-04-01

48

The present state of nuclear medicine practice in Japan; A report of the 3rd nationwide survey in 1992  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Subcommittee for Surveillance of Nuclear Medicine Practice has implemented a survey for actual nuclear medicine practice in Japan every 5 years. This article reports on the third survey implemented during a one-month period in June 1992. Questionnaires were sent to all 1256 facilities employing radiopharmaceuticals in routine practice, and 1162 (92.5%) answered. In vivo nuclear medicine examinations per day were performed in 6600 cases. SPECT accounted for 19.4%, as compared with 7.1% in the 1987 survey. According to organs, the frequency of examination for the cerebrospinal region was 3.2 and 2.2 times higher than that in the 1982 and 1987 surveys, respectively, whereas for the thyroid gland it was 0.6-fold and 0.7-fold that of these surveys. The proportion of bone scintigraphy was the highest (24.5%), followed by tumor scintigraphy (14.1%) and myocardial scintigraphy (11.9%). The frequency of myocardial and cerebral blood flow scintigraphy was dramatically ...

1993-09-01

49

Structural Studies of Electron Deficient Titanacyclobutanes  

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Two 16 electron titanacyclobutanes of the formula Ti(C5H4R)2(?2-CH2)2C(CH3)(i-C3H7) (R=H, CH3) have been prepared from the reaction of Ti(C5H5)2(?2-CH2)(?2-Cl)Al(CH3)2 or Ti(C5H4CH3)2(?2-CH2)(?2-Cl)Al(CH3)2 with H2C=C(CH3)(i-C3H7). Structural parameters, most notably lengthened C?C bonds in the titanacyclobutane ring, for both complexes reveal the expected presence of (C?C)?Ti agostic interactions. The complexes are isomorphous, crystallizing in the monoclinic space group Cc. For Ti(C5H5)2(?2-CH2)2C(CH3)(i-C3H7), a?=?11.3459(3)??, b?=?16.2108(4)??, c?=?8.1646(2)??, ??=?105.5276(16)?, V?=?1446.87(6)?, Dcalc?=?1.268 at 150(1)?K. For Ti(C5H4CH3)2(?2-CH2)2C(CH3)(i-C3H7), a?=?12.6591(2)??, b?=?16.2795(4)??, c?=?8.2462(2)??, ??=?107.2421(14)?, V?=?1623.04(6)??3, Dcalc?=?1.245 at 150(1)?K. Graphi...

2011-01-01

50

Potash recovery from process and waste brines by solar evaporation and flotation  

Science.gov (United States)

The Bureau of Mines investigated energy-efficient methods for recovering potash values from process and waste brines. Laboratory pan evaporation of four chloride brines produced crude salts containing predominantly sylvite, halite, and carnallite. Six sulfate-chloride brines produced crude salts containing primarily schoenite, kainite, leonite, sylvite, carnallite, and halite. Potash grades ranged from 7.2 to 22.2% K/sub 2/O, and recoveries from 84 to 99%. Sylvite flotation from chloride evaporites, with amine collector, recovered 90 to 97% of the potash in a concentrate containing 54.3 to 60.3% K/sub 2/O. Fatty acid flotation of the high-sulfate evaporite recovered 78% of the sulfate minerals in a 27.8%-K/sub 2/O concentrate. Flotation of the chloride minerals with amine collector recovered 80% of the potash in a 59.7%-K/sub 2/O concentrate. Solar evaporation of 10,000 gal of brine recovered 99% of the potash in a crude evaporite containing 24.5% schoenite and 20 ...

1984-01-01

51

PRELIMINARY CROSS SECTION AND NU-BAR COVARIANCES FOR WPEC SUBGROUP 26  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We report preliminary cross section covariances developed for the WPEC Subgroup 26 for 45 out of 52 requested materials. The covariances were produced in 15- and 187-group representations as follows: (1) 36 isotopes ({sup 16}O, {sup 19}F, {sup 23}Na, {sup 27}Al, {sup 28}Si, {sup 52}Cr, {sup 56,56}Fe, {sup 58}Ni, {sup 90,91,92,94}Zr, {sup 166,167,168,170}Er, {sup 206,207,208}Pb, {sup 209}Bi, {sup 233,234,236}U, {sup 237}Np, {sup 238,240,241,242}Pu, {sup 241,242m,243}Am, {sup 242,243,244,245}Cm) were evaluated using the BNL-LANL methodology. For the thermal region and the resolved and unresolved resonance regions, the methodology has been based on the Atlas-Kalman approach, in the fast neutron region the Empire-Kalman method has been used; (2) 6 isotopes ({sup 155,156,157,158,160}Gd and {sup 232}Th) were taken from ENDF/B-VII.0; and (3) 3 isotopes ({sup 1}H, {sup 238}U and {sup 239}Pu) were taken from JENDL-3.3. For 6 light nuclei ({sup 4}He, {sup 6,7}Li, {sup 9}Be, ...

2007-01-31

52

Investigation of lauric acid dopant as a novel carbon source in MgB{sub 2} wire  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We fabricated lauric acid (LA) doped MgB{sub 2} wires and investigated the effects of the LA doping. For the fabrication of the LA-doped MgB{sub 2} wires, B powder was mixed with LA at 0-5 wt.% of the total amount of MgB{sub 2} using an organic solvent, dried, and then the LA-treated B and Mg powders were mixed stoichiometrically. The powder mixture was loaded into an Fe tube and the assemblage was drawn and sintered at 900 deg. C for 3 h under an argon atmosphere. We observed that the LA doping induced the substitution of C for the B sites in MgB{sub 2} and that the actual content of C increased monotonically with increasing LA doping level. The LA-doped MgB{sub 2} wires exhibited a lower critical temperature (T{sub c}), but better critical current density (J{sub c}) behavior in a high magnetic field: the 5 wt.% LA-doped sample had a J{sub c} value of 5.32 x 10{sup 3} A/cm{sup 2}, which was 2.17 times higher than that of the pristine sample (2.45 x 10{sup 3} ...

2010-11-01

53

Highly enriched isotope samples of uranium and transuranium elements for scientific investigation  

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The paper describes the production of highly enriched isotopes of uranium, plutonium, americium and curium by electromagnetic separation for scientific and applied researches in physics, chemistry, geology, medicine, biology and other fields. Using the equipment described, the isotopes are produced in quantities sufficient to set up nuclear physical experiments, to produce nuclear reference materials and standard sources for calibration of radiometrical and mass spectrometrical equipment, in radionuclide metrology, etc. For the following isotopes the indicated degrees of isotopic enrichment were achieved: "2"3"3U-99.97%; "2"3"5U-99.97%; "2"3"6U-98.0%; "2"3"8U-99.997%; "2"3"8Pu-99.6%; "2"3"9Pu-99.9977%; "2"4"0Pu-99.9-100%; "2"4"1Pu-96.998%; "2"4"2Pu-97.8-99.96%; "2"4"4Pu-96.7%; "2"4"1Am-99.6%; "2"4"2"mAm-73.6%; "2"4"3Am-99.2-99.94%; "2"4"3Cm-99.99%; "2"4"5Cm-99.998%; "2"4"6Cm-99.8%; "2"4"7Cm-90%, "2"4"8Cm-97%. Methods for preparing layers of highly enriched isotopes ...

54

Evaluation of titanium brackets for orthodontic treatment: Part II--The active configuration.  

Science.gov (United States)

After each archwire was ligated into a bracket with a 0.010-in stainless steel wire, both stainless steel and beta-titanium archwires (0.017- x 0.025-in) were slid through commercially pure titanium brackets (0.018-in slot size) at 34 degrees C in both the dry and wet conditions. As controls, stainless steel archwire versus stainless steel bracket couples were used with comparable dimensions. The drawing forces were measured at 5 angulations (0 degrees, 3 degrees, 7 degrees, 9 degrees, and 11 degrees ) for 5 normal forces (nominally 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 kg). Regression lines were determined for each frictional couple (P <.05). In the passive configuration, the kinetic frictional coefficients of control and test couples in the dry condition were comparable to previously reported values at 0.11 +/- 0.01 for stainless steel versus stainless steel, 0.12 +/- 0.00 for stainless steel versus titanium, and 0.26 +/- 0.02 for beta-titanium versus titanium. As the angulation was ...

2000-12-01

55

Electron density and collision frequency of microwave resonant cavity produced discharges. [Progress report  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This progress report consists of an article, the abstract of which follows, and apparently the references and vita from a proposal. A review of perturbation diagnostics applied to microwave resonant cavity discharges is presented. The classical microwave perturbation technique examines the shift in the resonant frequency and cavity quality factor of the resonant cavity caused by low electron density discharges. However, modifications presented here allow the analysis to be applied to discharges with electron densities beyond the limit predicted by perturbation theory. An {open_quote}exact{close_quote} perturbation analysis is presented which models the discharge as a separate dielectric, thereby removing the restrictions on electron density imposed by the classical technique. The {open_quote}exact{close_quote} method also uses measurements of the shifts in the resonant conditions of the cavity. Thirdly, an electromagnetic analysis is presented which uses a characteristic equation, ...

1992-12-31

56

Distribution of lead-203 in human peripheral blood in vitro  

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In-vitro experiments using "2"0"3Pb were performed to identify the lead binding components in human peripheral blood. The distribution of lead in plasma, in the red cell membrane, and within the red cell was also investigated. Studies of the distribution of "2"0"3Pb in the whole blood showed that at a lead concentration of 2.45 #mu#mol/l (50 #mu#g/100 ml) about 94% of lead had been incorporated by the erythrocytes and 6% remained in the plasma. After extraction of lipid by a methanol/chloroform mixture, about 75% of the lead was found to be associated with the protein fraction. The lipid contained about 21% of the "2"0"3Pb, the remainder being in the aqueous plasma. SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of blood plasma showed that almost 90% of the "2"0"3Pb was present in the albumin fraction; the remainder was likely to be associated with high molecular weight globulins. Several binding sites were identified on the erythrocyte membrane. The high molecular weight ...

57

Deep level transient spectroscopy characterization of defects introduced in n-GaAs after alpha irradiation at 15 K  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Using conventional deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS), we have characterized the defects introduced in OMVPE n-GaAs at 15 K by 5.4 MeV alpha particle irradiation from an americium 241 radio-nuclide. After this low temperature irradiation two new defects not yet reported for alpha irradiated GaAs before, E[alpha]7 and E[alpha]9, were detected 0.07 eV and 0.19 eV below the conduction band, respectively. The introduction rates of E[alpha]7 and E[alpha]9 are calculated to be 41 cm[sup -1] and 187 cm[sup -1] respectively. It was observed that both defects obeyed first order annealing kinetics, with E[alpha]9 being removed at 225 K and E[alpha]7 at 245 K corresponding to the well known stage I annealing region. The annealing rate of E[alpha]7 corresponds to an activation energy of 0.86 eV, with a pre-exponential factor of 1.0 x 10[sup 15]s[sup -1]; and the removal of E[alpha]9 has an activation energy of 0.88 eV and a pre-exponential factor of 1.7 x 10[sup 17]s[sup ...

1993-08-01

58

Anatomic variations on PNS CT  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

To illustrate frequently encountered anatomic variations on PNS computed tomography(CT) and to assess their clinical significance. CT findings of 1523 patients, who underwent PNS CT with no history of sinus surgery, were reviewed, and prevalence of each anatomic variation and its relationship with mucociliary clearance pathway was evaluated. Two categories of anatomic variations were encountered. The first group included variations of the turbinates, such as concha bullosa(28.6%), paradoxical middle turbinate(31.5%), of the uncinate process, such as medially bent or folded(36.3%), laterally bent(3.7%) or uncinate bulla(0.5%), of the ethmoidal sinus, such as Haller's cell(28.2%), large agger nasi cell(9.6%) or large ethmoidal bulla(23.5%) and nasal septal deviation(24.1%), which might cause obstruction of mucociliary clearance pathway and thus give rise to secondary obstructive sinusitis. The second group included Onodi cell(1.4%) and medial depression of the lamina ...

1994-09-15

59

Anatomic variations on PNS CT  

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

To illustrate frequently encountered anatomic variations on PNS computed tomography(CT) and to assess their clinical significance. CT findings of 1523 patients, who underwent PNS CT with no history of sinus surgery, were reviewed, and prevalence of each anatomic variation and its relationship with mucociliary clearance pathway was evaluated. Two categories of anatomic variations were encountered. The first group included variations of the turbinates, such as concha bullosa(28.6%), paradoxical middle turbinate(31.5%), of the uncinate process, such as medially bent or folded(36.3%), laterally bent(3.7%) or uncinate bulla(0.5%), of the ethmoidal sinus, such as Haller's cell(28.2%), large agger nasi cell(9.6%) or large ethmoidal bulla(23.5%) and nasal septal deviation(24.1%), which might cause obstruction of mucociliary clearance pathway and thus give rise to secondary obstructive sinusitis. The second group included Onodi cell(1.4%) and medial depression of the lamina papyracea(3.5%), ...

1994-09-01

60

Activation measurements of the neutron yield at the JT-60U Tokamak  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper describes activation measurements of the neutrons from fusion plasmas. We are primarily interested in two narrow bands of neutron energies around 2.5 and 14 MeV. The d-d reaction has two branches with nearly equal probability, one generating a 0.8 MeV {sup 3}He nucleus and a 2.45 MeV neutron, the other a 1 MeV triton and a 3 MeV proton. The d-t fusion generates a 3.5 MeV alpha particle and a 14 MeV neutron. The triton burnup can be defined as the ratio of triton removal rate to triton generation rate. The burnup depends on how well the tritons are confined in the plasma during their slowing down to energies that make d-t fusion probable. It is important to study the tritons as they have similar kinematics to the 3.5 MeV alpha particles in a d-t plasma. Threshold reactions make a distinction between 2.5 and 14 MeV neutrons possible. For calculating the triton burnup, the total emission from the plasma of both 2.5 and 14 MeV neutrons has to be determined. ...

1994-12-01

 
 
 
 
61

Thermodynamic investigation of crystalline K{sub 2}Cr{sub 2}O{sub 7} and aqueous K{sub 2}Cr{sub 2}O{sub 7} solution  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The molar heat capacities (C{sub p,m}) of crystalline potassium dichromate (K{sub 2}Cr{sub 2}O{sub 7} (cr)) and aqueous K{sub 2}Cr{sub 2}O{sub 7} solution (0.1699 mol.kg{sup -1}) were measured in the temperature range from 100 to 390 K and from 80 to 370 K by an automatic adiabatic calorimeter equipped with a small cell of internal volume of 6 cm{sup 3}, respectively. No phase transition took place in the temperature range from 100 to 390 K for K{sub 2}Cr{sub 2}O{sub 7} (cr). The relationships of C{sub p,m} of K{sub 2}Cr{sub 2}O{sub 7} (cr) with respect to T were established to be C{sub p,m} 177.53 + 161.92 X - 138.14 X{sup 2} - 209.67 X{sup 3} + 160.35 X{sup 4} + 137.44 X{sup 5} - 41.291 X{sup 6} and C{sub p,m} 177.52 + 171.66 X -149.59 X{sup 2} - 246.17 X{sup 3} + 194.79 X{sup 4} + 167.30 X{sup 5} - 64.368 X{sup 6} (X=(T-245.00)/145.00) for Series 1 and Series 2 experiments, respectively. No phase transition took place for the solution from 80 to 270 K. The ...

2003-07-01

62

Effect of Lactobacillus supplementation with and without arginine on liver damage and bacterial translocation in an acute liver injury model in the rat.  

Science.gov (United States)

In acute liver failure following hepatitis, toxic insults, or after major liver surgery, there is an increased bacterial translocation from the gut. This may explain some of the infectious complications seen in these conditions. To elucidate mechanisms and find possible preventive measures, we investigated the effect of rectal administration of arginine and probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus spp.) on bacterial translocation and the extent of liver failure. Sprague-Dawley rats were used and five different Lactobacillus strains (Lb. reuteri R2LC, Lb. rhamnosus DSM 6594 (= strain 271), Lb. plantarum DSM 9843 (= strain 299v), Lb. fermentum 8704:3 (= strain 245), and Lb. reuteri (= strain 108) were administered rectally once daily for 8 days with and without 2% arginine. Acute liver injury (ALI) was induced on the eighth day by intraperitoneal injection of D-galactosamine (1.1 g/kg body weight), and samples were collected after 24 and 48 hours. Bacterial translocation ...

1997-03-01

63

ZZ MCJEF22NEA.BOLIB, MCNP Cross Section Library Based on JEF-2.2  

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1 - Description or function: Continuous energy cross-section data library for the Monte Carlo program MCNP based on the JEF-2.2 evaluated nuclear data library (ACE Format). Format: ACE Number of groups: Continuous energy Nuclides (107): H-1, H-2, He-4, Li-6, Li-7, Be-9, B-10, B-11, C-nat, N-14, N-15, O-16, O-17, F-19, Na-23, Mg-nat, Al-27, Si-nat, Cl-nat, Ti-nat, Cr-50, Cr-52, Cr-53, Cr-54, Mn-55, Fe-54, Fe-56, Fe-57, Fe-58, Co-59, Ni-58, Ni-60, Ni-61, Ni-62, Ni-64, Zr-90, Zr-91, Zr-92, Zr-94, Zr-96, Zr-nat, Nb-93, Mo-92, Mo-94, Mo-95, Mo-96, Mo-97, Mo-98, Mo-100, Mo-nat, Tc-99, Ru-101, Ru-102, Ru-104, Rh-103, Pd-105, Pd-107, Ag-109, I-129, Xe-131, Cs-133, Pr-141, Nd-143, Nd-145, Pm-147, Sm-147, Sm-149, Sm-150, Sm-151, Sm-152, Eu-153, Gd-154, Gd-155, Gd-156, Gd-157, Gd-158, Gd-160, Hf-174, Hf-176, Hf-177, Hf-178, Hf-179, Hf-180, Pb-nat, Bi-209, Th-232, U-234, U-235, U-236, U-238, Np-237, Pu-238, Pu-239, Pu-239bis, Pu-240, Pu-241, Pu-242, Am-241, Am-242, Am-242m, Am-243, Cm-242, Cm-243, ...

64

ZZ MCB63NEA.BOLIB, MCNP Cross Section Library Based on ENDF/B-VI Release 3  

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1 - Description of program or function: Continuous energy cross-section data library for the Monte Carlo program MCNP based on the ENDF/B-VI Release 3 evaluated nuclear data library (ACE Format). Format: ACE; Number of groups: Continuous energy; Nuclides (107): H-1, H-2, He-4, Li-6, Li-7, Be-9, B-10, B-11, C-nat, N-14, N-15, O-16, O-17, Na-23, Mg-nat, Al-27, Si-nat, Cl-nat, Ti-nat, Cr-50, Cr-52, Cr-53, Cr-54, Mn-55, Fe-54, Fe-56, Fe-57, Fe-58, Co-59, Ni-58, Ni-60, Ni-61, Ni-62, Ni-64, Zr-90, Zr-91, Zr-92, Zr-94, Zr-96, Zr-nat, Nb-93, Mo-94, Mo-95, Mo-96, Mo-97, Mo-nat, Tc-99, Ru-101, Ru-102, Ru-104, Rh-103, Pd-105, Pd-107, Ag-109, I-129, Xe-131, Cs-133, Pr-141, Nd-143, Nd-145, Pm-147, Sm-147, Sm-149, Sm-150, Sm-151, Sm-152, Eu-153, Gd-154, Gd-155, Gd-156, Gd-157, Gd-158, Gd-160, Hf-174, Hf-176, Hf-177, Hf-178, Hf-179, Hf-180, Hf-nat, Pb-206, Pb-207, Pb-208, Bi-209, Th-232,U-233, U-234, U-235, U-236, U-238, Np-237, Pu-238, Pu-239, Pu-240, Pu-241, Pu-242, Am-241, Am-242, Am-242m, Am-243, ...

65

Quantitative analysis of spinal CSF dynamics using magnetic resonance imaging: experimental and clinical studies; MR-tomographische Liquorflussmessungen am Spinalkanal mit einem optimierten MRT-Protokoll: experimentelle und klinische Untersuchungen  

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Purpose: Measurement of the oscillating CSF flow in the spinal canal (SC) of healthy volunteers and in patients with post-traumatic syringomyelia (PTS) using an optimized MRI protocol as well as to determine whether stenosis induced velocity changes are detectable using MRI. Methods: In 68 healthy volunteers quantitative studies of CSF flow in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions were performed. First, an optimized sequence was developed and tested in 19 volunteers using four different flow-encoding velocities (4, 8, 12, 16 cm/s). Secondly, the optimized sequence was employed in 49 volunteers to measure the different CSF patterns in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal canals (CSC, TSC, LSC). Part three of the study, in which patients with PTS are being examined is still underway. We measured the maximum velocity (cm/s), the pixel area (mm{sup 2}), and the stroke volume (ml/s). Using a flow model the velocities prior to and after compression with 5 different power levels ...

2001-04-01

66

ZZ KAFAX-F22, 80 and 24 Groups Cross-Section Library in MATXS Format Based on JEF-2.2 for Fast Reactors  

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1 - Description: Format: MATXS. Number of groups: 80 neutron-, 24 photon-groups. 97 Nuclides: 1-H-1, 1-H-2, 2-He-3, 2-He-4, 3-Li-6, 3-Li-7, 4-Be-9, 5-B-10, 5-B-11, 6-C- nat., 7-N-14, 7-N-15, 8-O-16, 9-F-19, 11-Na-23, 12-Mg-nat., 13-Al-27, 14-Si-nat., 15-P-31, 17-Cl-nat., 18-Ar-40, 19-K-nat., 20-Ca-nat., 22-Ti-nat., 23-V-nat., 24-Cr-50, 24-Cr-52, 24-Cr-53, 24-Cr-54, 25-Mn-25, 26-Fe-54, 26-Fe-56, 26-Fe-57, 26-Fe-58, 27-Co-59, 28-Ni-58, 28-Ni-60, 28-Ni-61, 28-Ni-62, 28-Ni-64, 29-Cu-nat., 31-Ga-nat., 39-Y-89, 40-Zr-nat., 41-Nb-93, 42-Mo-nat., 47-Ag-107, 47-Ag-109, 48-Cd-nat., 50-Sn-nat., 63-Eu-151, 63-Eu-153, 64-Gd-152, 64-Gd-154, 64-Gd-155, 64-Gd-156, 64-Gd-157, 64-Gd-158, 64-Gd-160, 73-Ta-181, 74-W-182, 74-W-183, 74-W-184, 74-W-186, 75-Re-185, 75-Re-187, 79-Au-197, 82-Pb-nat., 83-Bi-209, 90-Th-232, 91-Pa-233, 92-U-232, 92-U-233, 92-U-234, 92-U-235, 92-U-236, 92-U-237, 92-U-238, 93-Np-237, 93-Np-238, 94-Pu-238, 94-Pu-239, 94-Pu-240, 94-Pu-241, 94-Pu-242, 95-Am-241, 95-Am-242, 95-Am-242m, ...

67

ZZ MCB-JEF2.2, MCB Continuous-Energy Neutron Cross Section Libraries for Temperatures from 300 to 1800 K  

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1 - Description of program or function: MCB-JEF2.2 is a continuous-energy cross section libraries in ACE Format suitable for the MCB-1C and MCNP codes. Libraries for various materials were generated at six different Temperatures, and cover the energy range up to 20 MeV. Format: ACE. Number of groups: Continuous energy. Nuclides: H-1, H-2, H-3, He-3, He-4, Li-6, Li-7, Be-9, B-10, B-11, C-nat., N-14, N-15, O-16, O-17, Na-23, F-19, Mg-nat., Al-27, Si-nat., P-31, S-32, S-33, S-34, S-36, Cl-nat, K-nat, Ca-nat., Ti-nat, V-nat, Cr-50, Cr-52, Cr-53, Cr-54, Mn-55, Fe-54, Fe-56, Fe-57, Fe-58, Co-59, Ni-58, Ni-59, Ni-60, Ni-61, Ni-62, Ni-64, Cu-nat, Ga-nat, Ge-72, Ge-73, Ge-74, Ge-76, As-75, Se-74, Se-76, Se-77, Se-78, Se-80, Se-82, Br-79, Br-81, Kr-78, Kr-80, Kr-82, Kr-83, Kr-84, Kr-85, Kr-86, Rb-85, Rb-86, Rb-87, Sr-84, Sr-86, Sr-87, Sr-88, Sr-89, Sr-90, Y-89, Y-90, Y-91, Zr-nat, Zr-90, Zr-91, Zr-92, Zr-93, Zr-94, Zr-95, Zr-96, Nb-93, Nb-94, Nb-95, Mo-nat, Mo-92, Mo-94, Mo-95, Mo-96, Mo-97, ...

68

ZZ KASHIL-E6, 175 N, 42 Gamma Groups Cross Sections in MATXS Format Based on ENDF/B-VI.5 for Shielding Applications  

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1 - Description of program or function: Format: MATXS; Number of groups: 175 neutron-, 42 photon-groups; 176 Nuclides: 1-H-1, 1-H-2, 1-H-3, 2-He-3, 2-He-4, 3-Li-6, 3-Li-7, 4-Be-9, 5-B-10, 5-B-11, 6-C- nat., 7-N-14, 7-N-15, 8-O-16, 8-O-17, 9-F-19, 11-Na-23, 12-Mg-nat., 13-Al-27, 14-Si-nat., 14-Si-28, 14-Si-29, 14-Si-30, 15-P-31, 16-S-32, 17-Cl-nat., 19-K-nat., 20-Ca-nat., 21-Sc-45, 22-Ti-nat., 23-V-nat., 24-Cr-50, 24-Cr-52, 24-Cr-53, 24-Cr-54, 25-Mn-25, 26-Fe-54, 26-Fe-56, 26-Fe-57, 26-Fe-58, 27-Co-59, 28-Ni-58, 28-Ni-60, 28-Ni-61, 28-Ni-62, 28-Ni-64, 29-Cu-63, 29-Cu-65, 31-Ga-nat., 39-Y-89, 40-Zr-nat., 40-Zr-90, 40-Zr-91, 40-Zr-92, 40-Zr-94, 40-Zr-96, 41-Nb-93, 42-Mo-nat., 46-Pd-102, 46-Pd-104, 46-Pd-105, 46-Pd-106, 46-Pd-108, 46-Pd-110, 47-Ag-107, 47-Ag-109, 48-Cd-106, 48-Cd-108, 48-Cd-110, 48-Cd-112, 48-Cd-113, 48-Cd-114, 48-Cd-116, 49-In-nat., 53-I-127, 54-Xe-124, 54-Xe-126, 54-Xe-128, 54-Xe-129, 54-Xe-130, 54-Xe-131, 54-Xe-132, 54-Xe-134, 54-Xe-136, 55-Cs-133, 56-Ba-138, 59-Pr-141, ...