Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

For a number of years, researchers at the Pacific Northwest Laboratory have been developing processes and equipment for converting high-level liquid wastes to solid forms. One of these processes is the Spray Calciner/In-Can Melter system. To immobilize high-level liquid wastes, this system must be operated remotely, and the calcine must be reliably conveyed from the calciner to the melting furnace. A concept for such a remote conveyance system was developed at the Pacific Northwest Laboratory, and equipment was tested under full-scale, nonradioactive conditions. This concept and the design of demonstration equipment are described, and the results of equipment operation during experimental runs of 7 d are presented. The design includes a connecting section and its associated systems - a canister sypport and alignment concept and a weight-monitoring system for the melting furnace. Overall, the runs ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Twelve powders of TiO_2-Y_2O_3-ZrO_2 solid solution of the methodically changed composition were prepared by a coprecipitation-calcination technique. After mixing with phenol-formaldehyde resin, the powders were calcinated for 2 hours at 1200"oC in vacuum. The resultant composite powders contained TiC and non-reacted carbon. Green compacts were sintered in vacuum at 1500"oC for 2 hours. A temperature increase was stopped at 1200"oC to react remains of carbon. There were two carbides in the composites TiC and ZrC. TiC non-stoichiometry depended on carbon content in the system. Phase composition of the depended on of titania and yttria in zirconia solid solution. The majority of the samples showed two tetragonal zirconia phases differing in lattice parameter and tetragonality. (author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Here we reported a two-step procedure for preparing a novel polymeric based solid-solid phase change heat storage material. Firstly, a copolymer monomer containing a polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether (MPEG) phase change unit and a vinyl unit was synthesized via the modification of hydrogen group of MPEG. Secondly, by copolymerization of the copolymer monomer and phenyl ethylene, a novel polymeric based solid-solid phase change heat storage material was prepared. The composition, structure and properties of the novel polymeric based solid-solid phase change material were characterized by IR, "1H NMR, DSC, WAXD, and POM, respectively. The results show that the novel polymeric based solid-solid phase change material possesses of excellent crystal properties and high phase change enthalpy.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lithium orthosilicate (Li_4SiO_4) powder was synthesized by the solid-state reaction of lithium oxide with amorphous silica, and the effects of fabrication parameters on the structural characteristics of the product were investigated. Processing considerations such as milling media, drying technique, calcination time and temperature, pressing behavior, sintering time and temperatures, and impurity concentration were addressed. The initial powder particle size was observed to be important in achieving high sintered density, with densities as high as 98% TD achieved with a particle size of approximately 1 #mu#m. 9 refs., 6 figs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Anglo-Danish programme of research on materials for advanced vehicular transport and other storage batteries is about to enter its fifth year. Here, the results of the work to date on solid electrolytes, electrode materials and cell design are reviewed and discussed as a systematic programme of cell testing gets underway.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The important amount of hydration water in the ulexite (NaCaN{sub 5}O{sub 9}.8H{sub 2}O), allows using calcination methods to increase its B{sub 2}O{sub 3} content. This paper analyses the thermal decomposition reaction of a preconcentrated ulexite through weight loss measurements, which occur during the heating of samples until 1000 degree centigree, Determinations of heat content at each temperature were made using an isoperibol calorimeter. The mean specific heat was calculated from these values, and its dependence on temperature was determined. The maximum weight loss was about 32.5% and the specific heat obtained was 1,13 kJ/kg 0 C for solid samples and 1,38 kJ/kg''0 C for fluid samples. The results are useful for the design of the industrial process, in order to determine the thermal requirements for heating calcined ulexite, and to obtain smelted ulexite. (Author) 19 refs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A heat storage compostion comprises sodium sulfate decahydrate as main component, a supercooling inhibitor, and a solid-liquid separation inhibitor. The composition is characterized in that hydraulic calcium sulfate and/or calcium sulfate dihydrate is contained as the solid-liquid separation inhibitor in an amount of 2-15 wt% base on the whole weight of the composition, whereby the solid-liquid separation, i.e. the sedimentation of the anhydrous sodium sulfate during the phase transition, is effectively prevented and the long-term stability is improved. The long-term stabilty of the composition can be more improved by addition of a silcia series of thickener.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ferroelectric [Pb_0_._9_2(La_1_-_zSb _z)_0_._0_8][Zr_0_._6_0Ti_0_._4_0]O_3 for z = 0.0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 and 1 were prepared from their constituent oxides by a solid state reaction technique. The powders were calcined in the temperature range of 1000 deg. C for 6 h. Phase formation, crystal structure and lattice parameter were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The compacts were sintered at 1250 deg. C for 2 h and their dielectric, ferroelectric and conductive properties were measured. The ferroelectric behavior of the doped samples was studied from their hysteresis loop.

Science.gov (United States)

9 9 simulated Purex waste oxides was investigated as a function of Na/sub 2/O, CaO and P/sub 2/O/sub 5/ content. All compositions lost some sulfate at 50 to 100 deg C above the softening point. In generai the volatility decreased with increase of either Na/ sub 2/O or CaO relative to P/sub 2/O/sub 5/, but no simple correlation Was indicated. Softening temperatures were lowered by inc ease in Na/sub 2/O vs CaO. Ceramic solids were obtained but no true glasses. Attempts to produce glasses by addition of varying combinations of Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, PbO, BaO, and B/sub 2/O/ sub 3/ to simulated Pure x waste plus phosphite were unsuccessful. The use of 0.005 M Na/sub 2/C/O/sub 3/ to precipitate calcium from wastes containing up to 3 ppm of phosphate was demonstrated in four pilot plant runs and produced a decrease in the hardness of the waste leaving the clarifier. An inadvertent Sr/ sup 90/ and Cs/sup 137/ breakthrough occurred during one ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

To minimize the low and intermediate-level solid radwaste volume, the reduction efforts were persisted in Korean NPPs. As a result, annual average waste volumes were reduced to 194 drums per unit at last year. In this paper we confirmed 250 drums/unit-yr, EPRI URD management goal, and management condition for solid radwaste volume. Also, through the sample assessment of specific Korean NPP opened to the public, we could make sure that the prediction of saturation year for interim storage facility is fully suitable.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Major advances in 'Energy and Materials Cycles' have been achieved in the removal of heavy metals from the solid residues of municipal waste incineration. It has been conclusively shown that the oxidation/reduction conditions established during the thermal treatment of filter ash have a decisive influence on the evaporation of groups of heavy metals. With respect to biomass gasification, studies have been carried out with respect to the best way of extracting pure hydrogen from the low calorific value gas that is typically obtained from a biomass gasifier. The overarching goal of the laboratory 'High Temperature Solar Technology' is the use of solar energy for the production of solar fuels, or for the reduction of CO{sub 2} emissions in large scale industrial processes that are conventionally carried out with the use of fossil fuels. In a short-term project targeted at the solar production of lime, highly encouraging results (98% ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

''Hybrid'' hydrogen storage, where hydrogen is stored in both the solid material and as a high pressure gas in the void volume of the tank can improve overall system efficiency by up to 50% compared to either compressed hydrogen or solid materials alone. Thermodynamically, high equilibrium hydrogen pressures in metal-hydrogen systems correspond to low enthalpies of hydrogen absorption-desorption. This decreases the calorimetric effects of the hydride formation-decomposition processes which can assist in achieving high rates of heat exchange during hydrogen loading-removing the bottleneck in achieving low charging times and improving overall hydrogen storage efficiency of large hydrogen stores. Two systems with hydrogenation enthalpies close to -20kJ/mol H2 were studied to investigate the h...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Waste Management Project manages and integrates (non-TWRS) waste management activities at the site. Activities include management of Hanford wastes as well as waste transferred to Hanford from other DOE, Department of Defense, or other facilities. This work includes handling, treatment, storage, and disposal of radioactive, nonradioactive, hazardous, and mixed solid and liquid wastes. Major Waste Management Projects are the Solid Waste Project, Liquid Effluents Project, and Analytical Services. Existing facilities (e.g., grout vaults and canyons) shall be evaluated for reuse for these purposes to the maximum extent possible.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Three phosphate based ceramics were studied for the immobilization of tri- and tetravalent actinides: britholites Ca{sub 9}Nd{sub 1-x}An{sub x} {sup IV}(PO{sub 4}){sub 5-x}(SiO{sub 4}){sub 1+x}F{sub 2}, monazites/brabantites Ln{sub 1-2x}{sup III}Ca{sub x}An{sub x}{sup IV}PO{sub 4} and Thorium Phosphate Diphosphate (TPD) Th{sub 4-x}An{sub x}{sup IV}(PO{sub 4}){sub 4}P{sub 2}O{sub 7}. For each material, the incorporation of Th, U(IV), or Ce(IV) in the structure was examined. This work was the early beginning of the incorporation of {sup 239}Pu and/or {sup 238}Pu in order to evaluate the effects of {alpha} -decay on these three crystallographic structures. The syntheses were carried out using dry chemistry methods, involving mechanical grinding then heating treatment (1100 deg C {<=} {theta} {<=} 1400 deg C). For britholites, we showed that the incorporation of thorium was complete for weight loading lower than 20 wt.% through the (Nd{sup 3+}, PO{sub 4}{sup 3-}) ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Methods of preparation, stability in solutions and in the solid phase, composition of orthophosphate crystallohydrates and condensed uranyl- and uranium (4) phosphates, are considered. Structures of these compounds are discussed; it is shown that they are steric polymers with an uranylphosphate framework. The problem of phosphate-anion polymerization in the process of thermal decomposition is discussed. It is established that condensed uranyl polyphosphates are not stable during storage, capable of degradation, its degree increasing with the phosphate chain length and uranium content.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Logistics modeling is a powerful analytical technique for effective planning of waste storage, treatment, and disposal activities. Logistics modeling facilitates analyses of alternate scenarios for future waste flows, facility schedules, and processing or handling capacities. These analyses provide an increased understanding of the specific needs for waste storage, treatment, and disposal while adequate time remains to plan accordingly. They also help to determine the sensitivity of these needs to various system parameters. This paper discusses a logistics modeling system developed by the Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) to aid in solid waste planning for a large industrial complex managing many different types and classifications of waste. The basic needs for such a system are outlined, and the approach adopted in developing the system is described. A key component of this approach is the development of a conceptual ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The purpose of the Utility Applications Program is to provide information and assistance to interested utilities on central station energy storage systems. Compressed air and underground pumped hydroelectric energy storage are the primary technical focus. Smaller utilities are the primary targets of this program, as they may not have resources to track and utilize new energy conservation developments. The program, initiated during this year-long period, consists of a series of tasks integrating and supporting energy storage implementation. Program management and technical coordination activities monitor the wide range of research ongoing both under government support and in industry and provide a locus for dissemination of results. Recently completed DOE demonstration studies provide the central data base and the DOE CAES and UPH Technology Program activities provide another major resource. In addition a UPH preliminary ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Physico-chemical studies were carried out on a sample of red mud collected from NALCO, Orissa, after calcination up to 1,200 C at an interval of 100 C. The observed change in properties like surface area, particle size, bulk density and mineral phases etc., can be profitably used while finding an appropriate application of this polluting waste from alumina plants.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Separation of the bulk soluble chemical salts from the insoluble metal hydroxides and radionuclides is central to the strategy of disposing Hanford tank waste. Sludge washing and caustic leaching have been selected as the primary methods for processing the 230 million L (61,000,000 gal) of Hanford tank waste. These processes are very similar to those selected for processing waste at the West Valley Site in New York and the Savannah River Site in South Carolina. The purpose of sludge washing is to dissolve and remove the soluble salts in the waste. Leaching of the insoluble solids with caustic will be used to dissolve aluminum hydroxide and chromium hydroxide, and convert insoluble bismuth phosphate to soluble phosphate. The waste will be separated into a high-level solids fraction and a liquid fraction that can be disposed of as low-level waste after cesium removal. The washing and leaching operations involve batchwise mixing, settling, and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A process is described for making a compound selected from a crystalline spinel of the formula A/sup II/V/sub 2-x//sup III/C/sub x//sup III/O/sub 4/ formula (1) or a crystalline perovskite of the formula D/sup III/V/sub 1-y//sup III/C/sub y//sup III/O/sub 3/ formula (2) from a pentavalent vanadium compound, where A is one or more of Mg, Zn, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Cd; D is one ore more of Y, the rare earths and Bi; C is one or more of Al, Ga, Cr, Fe and Co, x is zero to <2, and y is zero to<1. The process comprises (1) reducing a pentavalent vanadium oxidic compound to substantially the V/sup III/ state by heating at 100/sup 0/C. or less an aqueous medium slurry or solution of the pentavalent compound containing a reducing agent selected from hydrazine and a hydrocarbylhydrazine, (2) providing in the aqueous medium either before, during or after the reducing step, A/sup II/, D/sup III/ and C/sup III/ cations in solution in the ratio called for by the selected formula, (3) removing ...

Science.gov (United States)

This document establishes the minimum training requirements for the Plutonium Finishing Plant (PFP) personnel who are responsible for management of dangerous waste. The training plan outlines training requirements for handling of solid dangerous waste during generator accumulation and liquid dangerous waste during treatment and storage operations. The implementation of this training plan will ensure the PFP facility compliance with the training plan requirements of Dangerous Waste Regulation. Chapter 173-303-330. Washington Administrative Code (WAC). The requirements for such compliance is described in Section 11.0 of WHC-CM-7-5 Environmental Compliance Manual.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Thermal energy storage performance of fatty acids and a eutectic mixture as phase change materials (PCMs) has been investigated experimentally. The selected PCMs for this study were palmitic acid, myristic acid, stearic acid, and a mixture of stearic and myristic acids in eutectic combination ratio of 65.7 wt% myristic acid and 34.3 wt% stearic acid. The PCMs have a melting temperature range of 50.0{sup o}C to 61.20{sup o}C and a latent heat range of 162.0 J/g to 204.5 J/g. The inlet temperature and the mass flow rate of heat transfer fluid (HTF) were selected as experimental parameters to test the thermal energy storage performance of the PCMs. The transition times, temperature range, propagation of the solid-liquid interface, as well as heat flow rate characteristics of the employed cylindrical tube storage system were studied at varied experimental parameters. The experimental results show that the ...

Science.gov (United States)

The catalytic effects of copper-aluminium-magnesium oxides in the oxidative coupling of phenylethyne is described. The importance of surface properties as a redox site are discussed.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Computer processing was adopted to pick up significant signals from the undefined Moessbauer spectra. A program, by which smoothing and curve fitting was made possible, was devised and applied to the analysis of the Moessbauer spectra of "5"7Fe enriched iron and other specimens. Although this processing sometimes distorted the absorption peaks, it was quite effective for elimination of noise and finding of exact positions of absorption peaks. Availability of the processing was demonstrated by several examples obtained for "5"7Fe enriched iron, natural iron, calcined ferric oxyhydroxides, red mud residue and its calcined product. (auth.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Full text: Dissolution test (DT) is one of the important specifications of PFBR MOX fuel. It is a macro homogeneity test used to ascertain that the dissolution of spent fuel will be easier during reprocessing. The DT specification limit for PFBR MOX fuel is ? 1.0 wt.% residue of the whole pellet when it is dissolved in HNO3 under reflux conditions. For this test, sintered MOX pellet is dissolved in reflux condition in 60 ml of 12M HNO3 for 10 hours. This test is carried out for each batch and during complete MOX campaign a lot of MOX waste in liquid form is being generated. This liquid waste is in clean form and U and Pu is required to be recovered from the clean waste. Different methods like direct denitration, precipitation and solvent extraction are available but either the product is not of good quality for pelletization or secondary liquid wastes are generated. Microwave denitration is a faster and cleaner method which has different heat transfer mechanism and temperature profile ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

For prolonged storage and eventual disposal radioactive wastes will be solidified to reduce the problems which accompany liquid waste whilst solid wastes will be encapsulated in an immobilising matrix. In the solidification and encapsulation process it will be important to produce a material in a form which is chemically stable, mechanically strong and which will not react with or allow free passage of groundwater. To this end a continuous check will be required to ensure that the various wastes are chemically compatible with the solidifying and binding matrices and that the associated processes are performed against a strict Quality Programme. The Quality Programme will be extensive requiring the specification of procedures for assessing the quality and nature of the wastes, the detailed operation of the solidification and/or encapsulation, the overpack requirements for transportation and the routines to be adopted with respect to ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A performance assessment of the operating Solid Waste Storage Area 6 (SWSA 6) facility for the disposal of low-level radioactive waste at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory has been prepared to provide the technical basis for demonstrating compliance with the performance objectives of DOE Order 5820.2A, Chapter 111.2 An analysis of the uncertainty incorporated into the assessment was performed which addressed the quantitative uncertainty in the data used by the models, the subjective uncertainty associated with the models used for assessing performance of the disposal facility and site, and the uncertainty in the models used for estimating dose and human exposure. The results of the uncertainty analysis were used to interpret results and to formulate conclusions about the performance assessment. This paper discusses the approach taken in analyzing the uncertainty in the performance assessment and the role of uncertainty in performance ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The purpose of the Hanford Waste Management Plan (HWMP) is to provide an integrated plan for the safe storage, interim management, and disposal of existing waste sites and current and future waste streams at the Hanford Site. The emphasis of this plan is, however, on the disposal of Hanford Site waste. The plans presented in the HWMP are consistent with the preferred alternative which is based on consideration of comments received from the public and agencies on the draft Hanford Defense Waste Environmental Impact Statement (HDW-EIS). Low-level waste was not included in the draft HDW-EIS whereas it is included in this plan. The preferred alternative includes disposal of double-shell tank waste, retrievably stored and newly generated TRU waste, one pre-1970 TRU solid waste site near the Columbia River and encapsulated cesium and strontium waste.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper contains literature from American Power Conference Air Toxics Being Measured Accurately, Controlled Effectively NO{sub x} and SO{sub 2} Emissions Reduced; Surface Condensers Improve Heat Rate; Usable Fuel from Municipal Solid Waste; Cofiring Technology Reduces Gas Turbine Emissions; Trainable, Rugged Microsensor Identifies of Gases; High-Tc Superconductors Fabricated; High-Temperature Superconducting Current Leads; Vitrification of Low-Level Radioactive and Mixed Wastes; Characterization, Demolition, and Disposal of Contaminated Structures; On-Line Plant Diagnostics and Management; Sulfide Ceramic Materials for Improved Batteries; Flywheel Provides Efficient Energy Storage; Battery Systems for Electric Vehicles; Polymer-Electrolyte Fuel Cells for Transportation; Solid-Oxide Fuel Cells for Transportation; Surface Acoustic Wave Sensor Monitors Emissions in Real-Time; Advance Alternative-Fueled Automotive ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A general analysis is presented of a photon storage cavity, coupled to free-electron laser (FEL) cavity. It is shown that if the coupling between the FEL cavity and the storage cavity is unidirectional (for example, a ring resonator storage cavity) then storage is possible, but that if the coupling is bi-directional then storage is not possible. Parameters are presented for an infra-red FEL storage cavity giving an order of magnitude increase in the instantaneous photon power within the storage cavity. 4 refs., 3 figs.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Sulfated zirconia (SO4-ZrO2) catalysts, prepared with three different sulfur loading contents (0.75%, 1.8% and 2.5%) at two calcination temperatures (500degreeC and 700degreeC), were tested for use in the transesterification of purified palm oil (PPO) and the esterification of palm fatty acid (PFA) in near-critical and super-critical methanol. Techniques including BET, XRD, NH3- and CO2-TPD revealed that the sulfur content and calcination temperature strongly affects the catalyst base-acid site, specific surface area, average pore size, phase structure, and thus the catalytic reactivity. The most suitable sulfur loading content was found to be 1.8% and the optimum calcination temperature 500degreeC. The results show that the use of SO4-ZrO2 reduces esterification reaction times, the amount...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Large scale steam storage power generation, one of the new energy storage systems for the future of inflexible electric power sources consisting of nuclear and coal power plants has been studied on the subjects of the systems to be attached to coal and nuclear power units, of the definition of storage efficiency and of the vertical steam storage vessel technology. Steam storage power generation may be hopeful for its higher efficiency similarly defined as of pumped storage plants while high temperature heat storage and the internal structure of large vertical steam storage vessel (accumulator) need to be developed.

Science.gov (United States)

Quantitative determination of Broensted acid site concentrations in calcined H-mordenite and H-ZSM-5 by means of conductometric titration and infrared spectroscopy reveals that the concentration of Broensted acid sites present is lower than would be expected on the basis of the aluminum content. This discrepancy is attributed to dealumination and dehydroxylation processes occurring during calcination. A model is proposed according to which the degree of these processes strongly depends on the concentration of vicinal aluminum T sites in the zeolite: Broensted acid sites associated with these T sites are lost, and the remaining Broensted acidity is related to the concentration of the (remaining) isolated aluminum T sites. This model quantitatively correlates the experimentally determined concentration of Broensted acid sites with the concentration of isolated aluminum T sites. 33 refs., 4 figs., 2 tabs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Red mud is a waste generated by the aluminum industry, and its disposal is a major problem for this industry. Very rich in iron, it can be used as cheap pigment for colored concrete. The red coloration can be enhanced by calcination in the range of 600 to 800 C. Such operation also transforms the aluminum hydroxides (goethite and boehmite) and clays minerals into pozzolanic admixtures that are able to consume the calcium hydroxide produced by cement hydration. Thus, it is possible to develop a new admixture for concrete: a pozzolanic pigment. The pozzolanic properties of calcined red mud were investigated by monitoring lime consumption of different mixtures of OPC and red mud. The main products of hydration were C-S-H and mono-carboaluminate (C{sub 4}A{bar C}H{sub 11}). A uniform and durable colored concrete was obtained using white cement interground with 11% of burnt red mud.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) catalyst was prepared by slurry coating ZSM-5 zeolite onto a cordierite monolith, then subliming an iron salt onto the zeolite, calcining the monolith, and then dipping the monolith either into an aqueous solution of manganese nitrate and cerium nitrate and then calcining, or by similar treatment with separate solutions of manganese nitrate and cerium nitrate. The supported catalyst containing iron, manganese, and cerium showed 80 percent conversion at 113 degrees Celsius of a feed gas containing nitrogen oxides having 4 parts NO to one part NO.sub.2, about one equivalent ammonia, and excess oxygen; conversion improved to 94 percent at 147 degrees Celsius. N.sub.2O was not detected (detection limit: 0.6 percent N.sub.2O).

CERN Document Server

Solid-state communications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In the early 1980s, AECL built a Waste Treatment Centre (WTC) for managing low-level solid and aqueous liquid wastes for converting CANDU wastes. At present, two liquid waste streams are being treated at the WTC. The liquid waste streams are volume-reduced by a combination of continuous crossflow microfiltration (MF), spiral wound reverse osmosis (SWRO) and tubular reverse osmosis (TRO) membrane technologies. The concentrate produced from the TRO system and the volume-reduced MF backwash solutions are evaporated while simultaneously adding bitumen in a thin-film evaporator. A water-free product of chemical and radiochemical salts and bitumen is removed in 200-L galvanized steel drums for storage. The radiation field of product drums on contact typically has a value of 0.5 to 3 R/h depending upon the feed concentration of radioactivity to the evaporator. The total solids content in the 200-L drum ranges from 25 to 35%. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Full text of publication follows: Energy and environment are two major concerns in our modern society due to the coming shortage in fossil energy sources and the growing of greenhouse gas emissions. The challenge for the coming years is to discover new energy resources and to develop devices that are compatible with a sustainable development and generate few (or zero) emission. One of these devices is the fuel cell feed by hydrogen, whose application fields are very large. In particular, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is the most realistic device for automotive application. However, hydrogen storage remains one of the most important challenges regarding its development. Although different techniques are available for storing hydrogen, no ideal solution has been found yet. Compression needs elaborated tanks in shape for supporting high pressures, liquefaction requires an expensive hydrogen cooling and adapted tanks. Chemical ...

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Udgivelsesdato: JUL

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

This study examined the effect of sulfur-containing compounds on the storage stability of Jet A

International Science & Technology Center (ISTC)

Behavior of Nuclear Reactor Fuel Assembly Materials during Their Long-Term Dry Storage

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A phosphorus-containing low alkali metal content zeolitic catalyst made from a clay starting material is provided. The catalyst is obtained by contacting a partially cation exchanged calcined zeolite-containing catalyst with a dihydrogen phosphate anion or a dihydrogen phosphite anion. A hydrocarbon catalytic cracking process utilizing the phosphorus-containing catalyst is also provided.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The production of hydrogen from the two-stage pyrolysis-gasification of polypropylene using a Ni/CeO{sub 2}/ZSM-5 catalyst has been investigated. Experiments were conducted on CeO{sub 2} loading, calcination temperature and Ni loading of the Ni/CeO{sub 2}/ZSM-5 catalyst in relation to hydrogen production. The results indicated that with increasing CeO{sub 2} loading from 5 to 30 wt.% for the 10 wt.% Ni/CeO{sub 2}/ZSM-5 catalyst calcined at 750 C, hydrogen concentration in the gas product and the theoretical potential hydrogen production were decreased from 63.0 to 49.8 vol.% and 50.4 to 21.6 wt.%, respectively. In addition, the amount of coke deposited on the catalyst was reduced from 9.5 to 6.2 wt.%. The calcination temperature had little influence on hydrogen production for the catalyst containing 5 wt.% of CeO{sub 2}. However, for the 10 wt.% Ni/CeO{sub 2}/ZSM-5 catalyst with a CeO{sub 2} content of 10 or 30 wt.%, the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Using an experimental pilot plant, designed and built for the tests, the influence of the following parameters was determined: desulphurization of the test gas, temperature, residence time in the reactor tube, concentration of the hydrogen sulphide and desulphurization agent, size of the particles which comprise the agent and composition of the gas. Allowance was made for the effect of calcination and carbonisation. Desulphurization was carried out with limestone on a gaseous mixture of CO and H/sub 2/. A mathematical description of the test findings and yield is presented. 8 refs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Abstract: We report for the selective-area chemical synthesis of semiconductor single-crystal organic nanowires of silver-tetracyanoquinodimethane (Ag-TCNQ). Straight and smooth Ag-TCNQ nanowires can be produced and patterned on micrometer and nanometer scale on silicon substrates covered with a thin layer of Ag film through the reaction of TCNQ and Ag in a simple gas-solid chemical reaction process. Ag-TCNQ nanowires are characterized by UV-vis, IR and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. The Ag-TCNQ nanowires grows preferentially along the [100] direction of strong - stacking of Ag-TCNQ molecules. Nanodevices based on these nanowires are fabricated using focus ion beam (FIB) technique. Electrical properties are characterized and I-V hysteresis is observed, which shows memory effect with electrical switching of three orders on-off ratio. These nanowires could be potential for use in optical storage, ultrahigh-density nanoscale memory and logic ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The thermal and heat transfer characteristics of stearic acid during the solidification processes were investigated experimentally in a vertical annulus energy storage system. The temperature distribution and temperature variations with time at different radial positions during the freezing processes were obtained. The thermal characteristics of the stearic acid, including movement of the solid-liquid interface in the radial direction, and the effects of Reynolds number on the heat transfer parameters were studied. The heat flux was estimated by using a simple approximate model. A new copper fin was designed and fixed to the electrical heating rod to enhance the thermal conductivity of the stearic acid. The results show that the new fin can enhance both the conduction and the natural convection heat transfer of the PCM, and the enhancement factor during solidification is estimated to be as high as 250%. The effect of the fin width on the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Department of Energy currently has over 100 million liters of high-level radioactive waste in storage at the Savannah River Site (SRS). In the late 1970`s, the Department of Energy recognized that there were significant safety and cost advantages associated with immobilizing the high-level waste in a stable solid form. Several alternative waste forms were evaluated in terms of product quality and reliability of fabrication. This evaluation led to a decision to build the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) at SRS to convert the easily dispersed liquid waste to borosilicate glass. In accordance with the NEPA (National Environmental Policy Act) process, an Environmental Impact Statement was prepared for the facility, as well as an Environmental Assessment of the alternative waste forms, and issuance of a Record of Decision (in December, 1982) on the waste form. The Department of Energy, recognizing that start-up of the DWPF would ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this article, we review and clarify some of the points made by previous authors regarding chemical looping combustion (CLC). While much of the recent interest in chemical looping combustion has been associated with carbon sequestration, our primary interest here is its potential to increase the thermodynamic efficiency of converting fuel chemical energy into useful work. We expand on several points about the details of CLC that we feel have not previously been sufficiently explored, and suggest alternative (and possibly more practical) approaches that exploit some of the same thermodynamic concepts. We illustrate our key points with {First} and {Second} Law analyses of ideal conceptual processes, which in addition to {CLC} also include isothermal, non-equilibrium, preheated combustion and combustion with thermochemical recuperation. Our results suggest that a significant portion of the potential efficiency benefit of CLC might be achieved without the need to handle and transport ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report summarizes preliminary 2-D reactive-transport simulations on the injection, storage and transport of supercritical CO{sub 2} in dolostone formations in the Ordos Basin in China. The purpose of the simulations was to evaluate the role that basin heterogeneity, permeability, CO{sub 2} flux, and geochemical reactions between the carbonate geology and the CO{sub 2} equilibrated brines have on the evolution of porosity and permeability in the storage reservoir. The 2-D simulation of CO{sub 2} injection at 10{sup 3} ton/year corresponds to CO{sub 2} injection at a rate of 3 x 10{sup 5} ton/year in a 3-D, low permeable rock. An average permeability of 10 md was used in the simulation and reflects the upper range of permeability reported for the Ordos Basin Majiagou Group. Transport and distribution of CO{sub 2} between in the gas, aqueous, and solid phases were followed during a 10-year injection phase and a 10-year ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Effects of the addition of precious metals (PM; Pt, Rh) on CeO{sub 2}/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} and CeO{sub 2}/La{sub 2}O{sub 3}/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} were confirmed to enhance the oxygen storage capacities (OSC). Increments in the OSC of the added CeO{sub 2}/La{sub 2}O{sub 3}/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} catalysts were much greater than those in the OSC of the PM added CeO{sub 2}/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}. The enhanced OSC is ascribed to the interaction between PM and a CeO{sub 2}-La{sub 2}O{sub 3} solid solution formed during the catalyst preparation. No enhancements in the OSC were observed on physical mixing of CeO{sub 2}/La{sub 2}O{sub 3}/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} and Pt-Rh/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}, although the composition ratio of PM:CeO{sub 2}:La{sub 2}O{sub 3} is the same as that in the PM added CeO{sub 2}/La{sub 2}O{sub 3}/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}. This indicates that the intimate contacts between the precious metals and CeO{sub 2} particles dispersed on Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} are essential ...

Science.gov (United States)

A growing number of pumped storage plants installed within the US brings attention to the increasing significance of pumped storage as a source of electrical generation capacity. Because of the special benefits this technology has to offer, hydroelectric pumped storage is an option that many utilities should consider for the supply of new capacity requirements. This article surveys the development and use of pumped storage in the US, and considers the potential for the future development of this technology. Although some of the problems that have occurred on recent projects highlight the role of pumped storage as a technological proving ground, the article puts forth the view that pumped storage is maturing to play a significant role in US electricity supply.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A electrochemical cell is described comprising an anode, a cathode, a solid polymer electrolyte; and a redox shuttle additive to protect the cell against overcharging and a redox shuttle additive to protect the cell against overcharging selected from the group consisting of: (a) a substituted anisole having the general formula shown in a figure (in an uncharged state): where R{sub 1} is selected from the group consisting of H, 0CH{sub 3}, OCH{sub 2}CH{sub 3}, and OCH{sub 2}phenyl, and R{sub 2} is selected from the group consisting of OCH{sub 3}, OCH{sub 2}CH{sub 3}, OCH{sub 2} phenyl, and O{sup {minus}}Li{sup +}; and (b) a di-anisole compound having the general formula shown in a second figure (in an uncharged state): where R is selected from the group consisting of -OCH{sup 3} and -CH{sub 3}, m is either 1 or 0, n is either 1 or 0, and X is selected from the group consisting of -OCH{sub 3} (methoxy) or its lithium salt -O{sup {minus}}Li{sup +}. The lithium salt of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The solid particle movement in a rotary drum plays an important role in drying processes. The solid distribution in the drum affects the amount of contact surface between the solid and the gas. The retention time of solids influences the time particles can stay in contact with the gas in order to transfer heat and mass. Any heat and mass transfer model for a solid particle dryer must be able to predict solid flowrate and solid hold-up. There have been several reports in the literature regarding the modeling aspects of solid transport in dryers. If the model is developed for model-based control, it must be simple and yet represent dynamics of the system accurately. This paper addresses solid motion modeling and the effects of different variables involved in solid transport ...

Science.gov (United States)

One of the major problems associated with solid waste processing technologies is the release of

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report describes the state of the art of electric energy storage technologies and discusses how adding intermittent renewable energy technologies (IRETs) to a utility network affects the benefits from storage dispatch. Load leveling was the mode of storage dispatch examined in the study. However, the report recommended that other modes be examined in the future for kilowatt and kilowatt-hour optimization of storage. The motivation to install storage with IRET generation can arise from two considerations: reliability and enhancement of the value of energy. Because adding storage increases cost, reliability-related storage is attractive only if the accruing benefits exceed the cost of storage installation. The study revealed that the operation of storage should not be guided by the output of the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The 200 Area Interim Storage Area Technical Safety Requirements define administrative controls and design features required to ensure safe operation during receipt and storage of canisters containing spent nuclear fuel. This document is based on the 200 Area Interim Storage Area, Annex D, Final Safety Analysis Report which contains information specific to the 200 Area Interim Storage Area.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Various volume-reduction methods are discussed and their capabilities evaluated. The following volume-reduction methods have the greatest potential at this time: forced-circulation evaporator/crystallizer; incinerator (conventional type); compactor; fluidized-bed calciner/incinerator; fluidized-bed dryer/incinerator; thin-film evaporator; extruder/evaporator; drum mixer; ribbon blender; inert-carrier evaporative process; molten-glass incinerator. The first eight system types listed above have been improved to the point of commercial viability.

Science.gov (United States)

A method of making high strength coke briquettes suitable for use as blast furnace coke comprising, (A) providing coal, (B) heating the coal at a temperature at or above the softening point of the coal to form partially carbonized char, (C) cooling the partially carbonized char below the softening point of the coal, (D) mixing the cooled partially carbonized char and tar to form a mixture of tar and partially carbonized char, (E) briquetting the mixture of tar and partially carbonized char to form briquettes of tar and partially carbonized char, (F) calcinating the briquettes to form high strength briquettes.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The question of whether storage of red blood cells (RBCs) alters their capacity to deliver oxygen and affects patient outcomes remains in a state of clinical equipoise. Studies of the changes...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The paper deals with the exploitation of the pumped storage plants for the control of the Slovak power system. For that purpose current utilization of pumped storage plants currently in operation was analyzed from the point of view of their part in the operation control of the Slovak power system. The aim of this analysis was to exploit knowledge gained so far for the future outlook up to the year 2010, including the evaluation of the need to construct pumped storage plant Ipel with a weekly storage cycle. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The fixed bed pilot plant, the catalyst testing procedure, and the calculations for conversion and selectivities were previously described in the technical progress report covering the period of 3/16/88 to 6/16/88 for Contract DE-AC22-87PC79812. Conversions and hydrocarbon selectivities were calculated using data from an on-line gas chromatography (GC) analyzer. Alcohol selectivities were calculated using data from an on-line boiling point GC analyzer which analyzed the liquid product. The catalysts were prepared via the steps of impregnation, calcination, and reduction on a special Y-zeolite-derived support. The impregnation step consisted of evaporation of metal salts on to the support from an aqueous solution. For one catalyst (No. 6531-188) the metal salts were evaporated on to the support from a reverse micelle solution containing the metal salts. All the catalysts were calcined for four hours at 450{degree}C. The ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The protocols presently established for optimum seed storage do not account for the chemical composition of different seed species, the physiological status of the seed, and the physical status of water...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

OBJECTIVE: To determine the household prevalence of firearms in Pennsylvania, and describe the storage practices for these weapons. DESIGN: A statewide telephone survey of 3,620 Pennsylvania adults...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

This layer represents the different food storage facilities available at backcountry campsites along the coast of Kenai Fjords National Park. Site locations ... ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Scenarios are developed for spent fuel that is taken out of the nuclear reactor and stored for 20 years before reprocessing, and three storage techniques which use a water pool, dry cask or vault are compared with respect to their costs. The storage price (storage cost per kilogram of spent fuel), which is employed as the economic index, is calculated on the assumption that all the charge is paid when the spent fuel is brought in the storage facilities. Four scenarios are assumed for spent PWR and BWR fuels to be stored in at-reactor (AT) or away-from-reactor (AFR) facilities. The capital costs cover the buildings of the storage facilities, equipment, decommissioning, casks for transportation and storage (for cask storage) and casks for transportation (for water pool or vault storage). Costs for operation and maintenance ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A variety of critical experiments were constructed of enriched uranium metal during the 1960s and 1970s at the Oak Ridge Critical Experiments Facility (ORCEF) in support of criticality safety operations at the Y-12 Plant. The purposes of these experiments included the evaluation of storage, casting, and handling limits for the Y-12 Plant and providing data for verification of calculation methods and cross-sections for nuclear criticality safety applications. These included solid cylinders of various diameters, annuli of various inner and outer diameters, two and three interacting cylinders of various diameters, and graphite and polyethylene reflected cylinders and annuli. Of the hundreds of delayed critical experiments, two were performed that consisted of uranium metal annuli with a solid beryllium metal core. The outer diameter of the annuli was approximately 13 or 15 inches with an inner diameter of 7 inches. The ...

KoreaScience (Korea)

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KoreaScience (Korea)

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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The concept of preliminary transmutation of minor actinides before placement to the long-term storage is considered. The purpose of such preliminary transmutation before ultimate storage is to incinerate a part of actinides and to transform another part into new actinides providing low level of radiotoxicity accumulated in the storage. Modes of transmutation in reactors of PWR, PHWR (CANDU), and Superfenix types are compared. Among power reactors, heavy-water PHWR type reactor is most acceptable for preliminary transmutation. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A novel approach to the reliability analysis of a power system with both hydro and pumped storage plants is presented in this paper. The proposed method is based on the concept of peak shaving for the hydro and pumped storage units. Different values of the stored energy of the pumped storage units are employed to demonstrate their effect on the generation reliability of a power system. The proposed scheme has been applied successfully to the reliability analysis of Taiwan power system.

KoreaScience (Korea)

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UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

A hitherto unrecognized variant of solid-pseudopapillary tumor (SPT) of the pancreas is reported. The tumor presented in the pancreatic tail of a 44-year-old female patient. It was a well-defined, solid...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An efficient method of hydrogen storage in nano-porous carbons is its reversible sorption by electrochemical decomposition of a KOH water solution [1-3] according to the following equation: C + xH{sub 2}O + xe{sup -} {yields} (CH{sub x}) + xOH{sup -} where (CH{sub x}) stands for the hydrogen inserted into the nano-porous carbon during charging and oxidized during discharging. Although various carbon materials have been investigated as hydrogen adsorbents, the information about the storage mechanism as well as the nature of the hydrogen/carbon interaction is still not sufficient. In order to extend the understanding of the process, carbon samples charged electrochemically were investigated by temperature programmed desorpt(TPD). The nature of the hydrogen/carbon interaction was studied by electrochemical analysis at different temperatures. The TPD experiments consist of heating the samples from room temperature to 950 C and of quantitative ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Having simple and highly symmetric structure, solid hydrogen is a useful matrix on the study of radiation-chemical processes in solid phase which have been less understood in previous studies. We have found three outstanding findings: resonance effects on the tunneling reaction H+H{sub 2} {yields} H{sub 2} + H, effects of pressure on the dissociation and recombination of H{sub 2} molecules in solid hydrogen, and high-resolution ESR spectroscopy using a solid parahydrogen matrix. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pumped storage plants (PSP) enable the storage of energy with rated capacities of order of GW at a single site. Reservoirs allow charging and discharging times of at least hours, sometimes days or even up to several weeks. Short ramp-up times permit the participation in the secondary reserve market as a standing reserve. For bulk energy storage, PSP reach the lowest, specific costs. In the EU27 countries, Norway and Switzerland, a total of 44 GW of pumped storage capacity is installed. The utilisation of PSP strongly correlates with the amount of conventional generation capacity, rather than with topographical options. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper presents a new algorithm for the optimal long-range generation planning for a thermal system with pumped-storage plants. The algorithm is based upon the analytical production costing model developed under the assumption of Gaussian probabilistic distribution of random load fluctuations and plant outages. The optimization problem consists of the master problem to determine the annual investment, and the pumped-storage subproblem to determine the optimal pumped-storage operation. The master problem is formulated as a Hamiltonian minimization problem, and the pumped-storage subproblem is solved using the concept of peak-shaving operation on the original load curve.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Background:Solid pseudopapillary tumor is a rare pancreatic neoplasm with uncertain to low malignant potential. This is an uncommon neoplasm with many pseudonyms, occurring...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

This program deals with solid waste disposal with topics/services covering: Reusable Building Materials and Large Household Items Exchange, Beneficial Use Determination, Biosolids, Certification, Compost Facil...

Science.gov (United States)

May 31, 2011 ... A Theoretical Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Model for System Controls and Stability Design AUTHOR(S): Kopasakis, George; Brinson, Thomas; Credle, ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The COSA II (computer codes for salt) benchmark problem has been pursued with the ADINA (Automatic Dynamic Incremental Nonlinear Analysis) program code. With the use of this, the code should be validated by means of experimental data and the ability to reproduce real-life calculation results of the KfK (Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe/Nuclear Research Center in Karlsruhe) should be proven. A successful validation of the code then forms the foundation stone for the ability to use different calculation problems in the final (ultimate) storage. This also accompanies the consequent reaction of replacing the STEALTH (Solids and Thermal Hydraulics Code for EPRI Adapted from LAGRANGE TOODY and HEMP) program which has a number of program-specific weaknesses compared to the ADINA computer code. In order to reproduce the approximate values from the KfK, the same values have been used. Differences were evident in the discretion and the selection of the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The isotopic composition of Pd, Ag, Cd and Te has been measured by solid source mass spectrometry for four samples from reactor zones 2, 3-4, 5-6 and 7, and from four host rock samples external to the reactor zones from the Oklo mine site. The concentrations of these elements have also been determined in the eight samples using the stable isotope dilution technique. Cumulative fission yields have been derived from the reactor zone samples after correcting where necessary for the terrestrial component of the element concerned. It has been shown that fission-produced Pd and Te are retained almost in their entirety in the uraninite reactor zone samples, whereas a significant fraction of fission-produced Ag and Cd have migrated from the reactor zones. Fission product Cd is observed in the host rock samples, whereas no strong evidence of fission-produced Ag could be found. This the fission-produced Ag which has migrated from the reactor zones has not been retained in ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Environmental regulations can have a significant impact on product use, disposal, and recycling. This report summarizes the basic aspects of current federal, state and international regulations which apply to end-of-life photovoltaic (PV) modules and PV manufacturing scrap destined for disposal or recycling. It also discusses proposed regulations for electronics that may set the ground of what is to be expected in this area in the near future. In the US, several states have started programs to support the recycling of electronic equipment, and materials destined for recycling often are excepted from solid waste regulations during the collection, transfer, storage and processing stages. California regulations are described separately because they are different from those of most other states. International agreements on the movement of waste between different countries may pose barriers to cross-border shipments. Currently waste moves freely ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The impingement of a fluid jet onto a surface has broad applications across many industries. Within the UK nuclear industry, during the final stages of fuel reprocessing, impinging fluid jets are utilised to mobilise settled sludge material within storage tanks and ponds in preparation for transfer and ultimate immobilisation through vitrification. Despite the extensive applications of impinging jets within the nuclear and other industries, the study of two-phase, solid loaded, impinging jets is limited, and generally restricted to computational modelling. Surprisingly, very little fundamental understanding of the turbulence structure within such fluid flows through experimental investigation is found within the literature. The physical modelling of impinging jet systems could successfully serve to aid computer model validation, determine operating requirements, evaluate plant throughput requirements, optimise process operations and support ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The present study was carried out during two successive seasons of 2005 and 2006 seasons on"Montakhab El-Kanater"guavas and"Hachiya"persimmons.two different experiments were studied, the first one for pre harvest and second post harvest. Regarding pre harvest experiment,hand or chemical flower thinning by urea or ethrel and date of fruit picking (maturity) were evaluated on both guavas and persimmons.All flower thinning treatments increased fruit set,total yield,average fruit weight and decreased fruit abscission.However,a great effect on fruit quality and chemical compositions were also found with flower thinning treatments. Chemical flower thinning was more effective than hand thinning in improving yield and quality in "Montakhab El-Kanater"guavas and "Hachiya"persimmons. However,early maturation(120 and 150 days for guava and persimmon respect.) produced poor fruit quality.Whereas, medium maturity(130 and 180 days for guava and persimmon respect.) produced fruit with high ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Plans for the disposal of radioactive liquid and solid wastes presently stored in double-shell tanks at the Hanford Site call for retrieval and processing of the waste to create forms suitable for permanent disposal. Waste will be retrieved from a tank using a submerged slurry pump in conjunction with one or more rotating slurry jet mixer pumps. Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) has conducted tests using simulated waste slurries to assess the effects of a impinging slurry jet on the corrosion rate of the tank wall and floor, an action that could potentially compromise the tank`s structural integrity. Corrosion processes were investigated on a laboratory scale with a simulated neutralized cladding removal waste (NCRW) slurry and in a subsequent test with simulated neutralized current acid waste (NCAW) slurry. The test slurries simulated the actual NCRW and NCAW both chemically and physically. The tests simulated those conditions expected to exist in the respective ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

More important than waste generation numbers, the pollution prevention and waste minimization successes achieved at Hanford in 1993 have reduced waste and improved operations at the Site. Just a few of these projects are: A small research nuclear reactor, unused and destined for disposal as low level radioactive waste, was provided to a Texas University for their nuclear research program, avoiding 25 cubic meters of waste and saving $116,000. By changing the slope on a asphalt lot in front of a waste storage pad, run-off rainwater was prevented from becoming mixed low level waste water, preventing 40 cubic meters of waste and saving $750,000. Through more efficient electrostatic paint spraying equipment and a solvent recovery system, a paint shop reduced hazardous waste by 3,500 kilograms, saving $90,800. During the demolition of a large decommissioned building, more than 90% of the building's material was recycled by crushing the concrete for use on-Site and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Over the past 40 years, cavern storage of LPG's, petrochemicals, such as ethylene and propylene, and other petroleum products has increased dramatically. In 1991, the Gas Processors Association (GPA) lists the total U.S. underground storage capacity for LPG's and related products of approximately 519 million barrels (82.5 million cubic meters) in 1,122 separate caverns. Of this total, 70 are hard rock caverns and the remaining 1,052 are caverns in salt deposits. However, along the eastern seaboard of the U.S. and the Pacific northwest, salt deposits are not available and therefore, storage in hard rocks is required. Limited demand and high cost has prevented the construction of hard rock caverns in this country for a number of years. The storage of natural gas in mined caverns may prove technically feasible if the geology of the targeted market area is suitable; and economically ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An inorganic particulate adsorbent of a titania-alumina is described for treating a superheated water containing radioactive materials such as cobalt ions, which is free from release of corrosive impruities, and which has a high adsorption capacity of radioactive materials and a high mechanical strength is prepared by hydrolyzing a titanium alkoxide and an aluminum alkoxide, thereby forming a hydrous titanium oxide and a hydrous aluminum oxide, respectively; precalcining the hydrous titanium oxide and aluminum oxide, mixing and molding the resulting titania and alumina into a particulate mixture thereof having a titania mole fraction of 0.2 to 0.9, and calcining the particulate mixture at 500/sup 0/-700/sup 0/C. This absorbent is effectively used in treat boiling water-type nuclear reactor core-circulating water to remove radioactive substances therefrom.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

We have investigated the effect of manganese (Mn) doping on properties of nanosized biphasic calcium phosphate powders and their dense bodies. Manganese levels of 0.6, 1.3, 1.9, 4.3, 7.0 and 11.9at.% were successfully incorporated into biphasic calcium phosphate via a sol-gel route. The prepared powders were calcined at temperatures of 500-1200^oC. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that a mix phase comprising of hydroxyapatite and @b-tricalcium phosphate were present, however the content of each phases in the structure was affected by the Mn content. The studies found that the largest portion of @b-tricalcium phosphate was detected at 4.3at.% Mn doping. The incorporation of Mn has also greatly increased the crystallinity of the biphasic calcium phosphate powder due to progressive den...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The aims of the present work were to investigate possible compatibility between sodium zirconium phosphate (NZP) and Synroc titanate phases, to prepare NZP-based waste forms by hot-pressing rather than sintering, and to investigate the incorporation in NZP of (a) Cs/Sr as simulated heat-generating nuclides; (b) simulated actinides; and (c) simulated Purex waste. The NZP samples were prepared by methods similar to those used for Synroc. The precursor NZP phase was formed from tetrabutyl zirconate Zr(OC{sub 4}H{sub 9}){sub 4}, sodium nitrate, and 85% orthophosphoric acid. Simulated waste nitrate solutions were then mixed with the liquid precursor. After stir drying of the precursor, calcination was carried out at 700{degree}C to remove nitrates and organics.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In the dehydrodesulfurization of ethanethiol at 400/sup 0/C, the activities of sodium X, Y, and A zeolites decreased in the order given as did the activities of nickel, cobalt, zinc, cadmium, copper, silver, lead, manganese, barium, calcium, sodium, and iron Y zeolite catalysts. A volcano-shape order was observed between the catalytic activity and the electronegativity of the metal ions. The changes in the activity of hydrogen Y zeolite catalyst in ethanethiol dehydrodesulfurization and cumene dealkylation by calcination agreed with the decrease in the Broensted acidity but were independent of Lewis acidity. For hydrodesulfurization of thiophene, the activities of nickel, cobalt, copper, and silver Y zeolite catalysts decreased in the order given and were greater than for a commercial hydrodesulfurization catalyst; reduced and presulfided catalysts showed selective hydrodesulfurization activity. Addition of 5% of nickel or molybdenum oxides to cobalt or nickel Y ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The competitive adsorption of nitrate, chloride and carbonate in layered double hydroxides (LHD) with the general formula Formula Not Shown was investigated. Both normal ion exchange by exposure to a solution containing different anions, as well as addition of calcined material to solution thereby exploiting the memory effect of LDHs was studied. Changes in the interlayer anion changed the interlayer spacing of the LDH. The order of preference of intercalation was Formula Not Shown . When multiple anions were present in the exchange solution, LDHs with several distinct interlayer spacing were produced indicating that LDHs with different anions in the interlayer existed at the same time. However for extended exchange times (14days) where high concentrations of carbonate anion were present, ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... deposition evaporation fission products fluorides iodine 134 laboratory

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A solid pseudopapillary tumor is an uncommon tumor of the pancreas that rarely metastasizes to other organs and usually shows good prognosis. An extrapancreatic tumor arising from a solid pseudopapillary tumor is very rare. We report a case of an atypical extrapancreatic solid pseudopapillary tumor that arose from the great omentum and disseminated to the peritoneum, and discuss the radiologic findings, including the CT, US, and MRI.

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Research investigating applicability of lithium salts for solid electrolyte batteries was described. The studies included determinations of lithium ion conductivities in solid electrolyte systems based on Li4SiO4, LiTi2(PO4)3, and ceramic materials. Research on all solid state lithium cells utilizing TiS2 NiPS3 electrodes was also reported.

International Science & Technology Center (ISTC)

Plasma Technologies of Solid Fuels Processing for Power Engineering and Metallurgy

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This study is one element of a larger engineering study effort by WHC to examine the feasibility of irradiated fuel and sludge consolidation in the KW Basin in response to TPA Milestone (target date) M-34-00-T03. The study concludes that up to 11,500 fuel storage canisters could be accommodated in the KW Basin with modifications. These modifications would include provisions for multi-tiered canister storage involving the fabrication and installation of new storage racks and installation of additional decay heat removal systems for control of basin water temperature. The ability of existing systems to control radionuclide concentrations in the basin water is examined. The study discusses requirements for spent nuclear fuel inventory given the proposed multi-tiered storage arrangement, the impact of the consolidated mass on the KW Basin structure, and criticality issues associated with multi-tiered ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper introduces the method of seismic stability analysis for the increase of fuel storage capacity of wet storage stacks by one or two more stack floor at Wolsung Nuclear Unit 2,3,4, which had been originally licensed assuming 16 tray stack-o-storage. As a basic procedure, tipping and sliding stability of the structure is checked at first thru seismic analysis and the resultant load from dynamic analysis is applied for static stress analysis, and the result of which is reviewed for compatability with applicable standard. As a result, sliding and overturning are not expected under design basis earthquakes for increased storage cases of 17 tray and 18 tray stacks. And it is anticipated the result of stress analysis will be acceptable.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Uniformly distributing slurry solids in -tall- (-2:1 aspect ratio) process vessels is a significant challenge in the chemical industry. This work determined the performance of various multi-tier agitation systems in uniformly distributing a settling solid throughout water in a -tall- laboratory vessel. It used a 0.445-m ID Plexiglas tank, with a slurry height of 0.889-m, to determine how solids distribution changes with solids loading (wt.%), impeller speed, and impeller type. Some impeller types uniformly distributed the solids even before energy input exceeded 1.00-W/kg. Significantly higher energy improved solids distribution little because flow within the vessel eventually became choked.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The anaerobic biogasification of organic wastes generates two useful products: a medium-Btu fuel gas and a compost-quality organic residue. Although commercial-scale digestion systems are used to treat municipal sewage wastes, the disposal of solid organic wastes, including municipal solid wastes (MSW), requires a more cost-efficient process. Modern biogasification systems employ high-rate, high-solids fermentation methods to improve process efficiency and reduce capital costs. The design criteria and development stages are discussed. These systems are also compared with conventional low-solids fermentation technology.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This guide has been written to introduce growers of Short Rotation Coppice (SRC) to the principles and need for cold storage of planting material. The main types of cold store are described. It also provides assistance in the selection of suitable stores and how these are located nationally. (author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This guide describes an acceptable method of complying with the Commission's regulations with regard to the quality assurance requirements for the packaging, shipping, receiving, storage, and handling of items for water-cooled nuclear power plants.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The article describes control and monitoring concepts in which the delegation of responsibility is becoming more decisive than ever (automation hierarchy), and which are capable of optimized, automatic control of process events in pumped storage plants. 8 refs.

Wastenet

Pumped storage plants 20 are a relatively common type.They use a dam to create an upper reservoir ...Some pumped storage plants use the same water turbine and electric generator for both operating periods.That is,

Science.gov (United States)

... pits, waste oil and solvent storage ponds (used from the 1940s to 1971), surface storage areas, settling ponds, waste water ponds, and unlined ...

Science.gov (United States)

A corrosion-testing program has been initiated in Purex and Redox storage tnnks to obtain corrosion data on carbon steel and three associated materials in neutralized process wastes. (C.W.H.)

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

IntroductionIn critically ill patients the relationship between the storage age of red blood cells (RBCs) transfused and outcomes are controversial. To determine if duration of RBC...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The device is designed for automatic testing of the degree of discharge of tractive storage batteries (AB) for electric loaders, electric cars and electric ore locomotives. The basic electrical schematic of the device is cited.

Science.gov (United States)

...capacity, and ownership of all planned and existing onshore pipelines, storage facilities, refineries, petrochemical...will be served by the port, including: (i) Onshore pipelines; (ii) Storage facilities; (iii)...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A prototype hydride storage bed, using LaNi{sub 4.25}Al{sub 0.75} as the storage material, was fitted with strain gages to measure strains occurring in the stainless steel bed vessel caused by expansion of the storage powder upon uptake of hydrogen. The strain remained low in the bed as hydrogen was added, up to a bed loading of about 0.5 hydrogen to metal atom ratio (H/M). The strain then increased with increasing hydrogen loading ({approximately} 0.8 H/M). Different locations exhibited greatly different levels of maximum strain. In no case was the design stress of the vessel exceeded.

Science.gov (United States)

Demand for compact instrumentation, portable field equipment, and new electromagnetic weapons is

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Finnish (May 1971). Finland Kilpelaeinen, JE Imatran Voima Osakeyhtio,

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Adjusting generation to demand (load following) is compared with practical experience. The importance of pumped storage plants is emphasized.

Science.gov (United States)

... Treatment of electrical systems for pumped storage plants is not covered in the manual, although much of the information is applicable to pumped ...

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

One of the concerns with locating radioactive waste storage sites in salt deposits is how to permanently seal the underground storage areas once they have reached their storage capacity. The compaction of salt using explosives has been identified as a potential method of producing permanent seals in both entryways and shafts to storage areas. This paper describes the test procedure and results of a preliminary investigation to determine the feasibility of utilizing explosives in the compaction of salt. Three simple tests were carried out to measure the degree to which loose salt could be compacted.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The SmartStore model was developed to determine the optimum design of borehole heat stores as a function of different design parameters. The optimum design is defined as the design that achieves the storage task with a minimum annual storage cost. The annual storage cost is the sum of annual costs of investment, operation, maintenance and heat loss. The PC-model has a user-friendly lay-out and gives a fast pre-design of borehole heat stores. In this article the model is briefly described. It is also shown that the technical design of the store is influenced by varying technical properties of the storage volume, but also by the cost of heat. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report is a review of waste form options for the immobilization of high-level-liquid wastes from the nuclear fuel cycle. This review covers the status of international research and development on waste forms as of May 1979. Although the emphasis in this report is on waste form properties, process parameters are discussed where they may affect final waste form properties. A summary table is provided listing properties of various nuclear waste form options. It is concluded that proposed waste forms have properties falling within a relatively narrow range. In regard to crystalline versus glass waste forms, the conclusion is that either glass of crystalline materials can be shown to have some advantage when a single property is considered; however, at this date no single waste form offers optimum properties over the entire range of characteristics investigated. A long-term effort has been applied to the development of glass and calcine waste forms. Several ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sandia National Laboratories, New Mexico, conducts the Utility Battery Storage Systems Program, which is sponsored by the US Department of Energy`s Office of Energy Management. The goal of this program is to assist industry in developing cost-effective battery systems as a utility resource option by 2000. Sandia is responsible for the engineering analyses, contracted development, and testing of rechargeable batteries and systems for utility energy storage applications. This report details the technical achievements realized during fiscal year 1994.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The Sodium Storage Facility Project Quality Assurance Plan delineates the quality assurance requirements for construction of a new facility, modifications to the sodium storage tanks, and tie-ins to the FFTF Plant. This plan provides direction for the types of verifications necessary to satisfy the functional requirements within the project scope and applicable regulatory requirements determined in the Project Functional Design Criteria (FDC), WHC-SD-FF-FDC-009.

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Experience and technical innovations in power plant engineering have resulted in continuous improvements of operation control, availability and safety of pumped storage plants. Process control is constantly improved as new developments are made in equipment and systems engineering. Plant control concepts with increasingly complex automation hierarchy are described by which pumped storage processes can be controlled optimally, reliably, and automatically.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

These ten chapters present an overview of floating production, storage and offloading (FPSO) vessels, and examines deep water developments; hydrostatic stability; production, storage and offloading systems; the configuration and structure of flexible risers and umbilicals; the structural and global dynamic analysis of flexible riser and umbilicals; verification of FPSO structural integrity; vessel global loading and rigid body response; environmental loading and vessel response; and mooring systems. (UK)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Electro Energy, Inc. conducted a research project to develop an energy efficient and environmentally friendly bipolar Ni-MH battery for distributed energy storage applications. Rechargeable batteries with long life and low cost potentially play a significant role by reducing electricity cost and pollution. A rechargeable battery functions as a reservoir for storage for electrical energy, carries energy for portable applications, or can provide peaking energy when a demand for electrical power exceeds primary generating capabilities.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A valuation methodology for commodity storage facilities is proposed. This model utilizes traded instruments to replicate the fundamental derivative components of commodity storage facilities. The methodology is robust to different commodities, physical characteristics, and markets for valuing these types of assets. Two examples using the U. S. natural gas markets are presented.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The use of natural energy sources and their conversion to secondary forms of energy are a crucial base for the development of our society with its continuous change of requirements due to an increase in population and the broadening of the needs in our modern life. As a consequence the consumption of primary energy resources rose drastically worldwide during the last 5 decades in particular in the industrialized regions such as Europe. Parallel in time the increasing awareness of negative effects of fuel dependent pollution on the environment and the introduction of stringent emission control regulations about 3 decades ago initiated extensive development and retrofit activities resulting in the today applied high level state of the art. As an additional challenge the worldwide debate about the potential effects of the emission of the s.c green house gases on the global climate in particular carbon dioxide from the use of predominantly fossil fuels have initiated in the European Union ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Today?s demand on high supply chain performance requires higher awareness about supply chain risks and uncertainty. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the role of temporary storage in the transport network in a supply chain perspective. The primary research question concerns the purpose or role of temporary storage and whether management of temporary storage can contribute to reducing risks and uncertainty in the supply chain. The research is based on a system-theoretical approach, which emphasizes a holistic view instead of the characteristics of the different parts. The research method used in this paper is abductive. Existing theories are used to formulate a framework which leads to a conceptual model description of the temporary storage function. This model is then supported and v...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A dry interim storage facility has been constructed at the Wolsung power plant in Korea. This dry storage facility has seven separated modules. There are 40 long slender cylinders in one module. In one cylinder, ten baskets where sixty CANDU spent fuel bundles are loaded are stacked and stored. For this dry storage facility, analyses and tests for hypothetical accident conditions that might occur while moving and storing the baskets into a cylinder were performed. In a demonstration test, one of test basket models did not satisfy one of the safety-related requirements. Thus, the revised basket designs were generated using a structural evaluation based on finite element analyses and specimen tests. Among these revised designs, one design was chosen as a final revised basket design. The fina...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The number of spent fuel storage facilities in the world continues to increase because of "Wait and See" policies and delay of a permanent disposal plan. The temporary spent fuel storage concept is changing to a pre-disposal storage concept. Strengthened safety concepts are required for expanded spent fuel storage facilities and sites. The Korea Hydro and Nuclear Power Company is planning to construct a reinforced concrete MACSTOR-400 facility at Wolsung. In concrete dry spent fuel storage structures, cracks can occur due to radiant heat and environmental chloride. The likelihood of cracking increases over time. Research on changes in shielding performance from one collinear crack in the surface of a concrete facility has been carried out. However there is no research about public radiolog...

Science.gov (United States)

The classical Stefan theory for the melting of a solid or the freezing of a liquid is too simplistic to describe phenomena such as supercooling, in which a liquid supports temperatures below its freezing point, or superheating, the analog for solids, or d...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Solid molecular orthohydrogen exhibits orientational order at low temperatures. The orthohydrogen molecules, which are quadrupoles, order in the Pa3 structure. We have simulated this ordering, and explored the behaviour under dilution by spherical parahydrogen molecules.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This Process Waste Assessment was conducted to evaluate the two largest hazardous waste streams generated on-site at Sandia National Laboratory (SNL)/California -- ``Other Inorganic Solid Waste`` and ``Empty Containers <30 Gallons.``

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

AIM: To investigate differential points of solid-pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) of the pancreas and pancreatic endocrine tumor (PET).METHODS: Ten cases of SPN and fourteen cases of PET were studied...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Integration of solid-state biosensors and lipid bilayer membranes is important for membrane protein research and drug discovery. In these sensors, it is critical that the solid-state sensing...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

... materials science and engineering, condensed-matter or materials physics, solid-state or materials ... include materials theory, condensed-matter and materials physics, solid-state and materials ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

A solid-phase radioimmunoassay employing ¹²⁵I-labeled enterotoxins and polystyrene tubes coated with specific antibody has been developed for assaying the relative concentrations of antibodies...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Solid-pseudopapillary tumor (SPT) is a rare neoplasm of the pancreas that usually occurs in young females. It is generally considered a low-grade malignant tumor that can remain asymptomatic for several...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A model for energy transport in a solid particle cavity receiver is developed and applied to the design and analysis of a receiver for the Central Receiver Test Facility (CRTF), Albuquerque, New Mexico. The model gives thermal performance results - including particle temperatures, cavity efficiencies, and wall temperatures - which directly affect the economic and technical feasibility of a solid particle receiver. In addition, design criteria relevant to the configuration of a solid particle cavity receiver are developed. Results for CRTF indicate that at design conditions particle temperatures will exceed 1200/sup 0/K with cavity efficiencies on the order of 75%.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The production of oil by retorting shale and other hydrocarbonaceous and lignocellulosic solid materials is facilitated by retorting in the presence of steam and acetic acid.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This invention pertains to passivation-free solid-state rechargeable batteries composed of Li.sub.4 Ti.sub.5 O.sub.12 anode, a solid polymer electrolyte and a high voltage cathode. The solid polymer electrolyte comprises a polymer host, such as polyacrylonitrile, poly(vinyl chloride), poly(vinyl sulfone), and poly(vinylidene fluoride), plasticized by a solution of a Li salt in an organic solvent. The high voltage cathode includes LiMn.sub.2 O.sub.4, LiCoO.sub.2, LiNiO.sub.2 and LiV.sub.2 O.sub.5 and their derivatives.

Science.gov (United States)

... THESIS PARTICLE-SIZING SYSTEM FOR SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE IMAGES OF SOLID-PROPELLANT COMBUSTION EXHAUST ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Purpose Study the radiolysis of solid-state metoclopramide hydrochloride at various absorbed doses. Elucidate the structure of the degradation products to gain information on the radiolysis mechanisms. Methods Solid-state metoclopramide samples were irradiated at several doses with gamma rays and high-energy electrons to evaluate the influence of the dose rate. High-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector was used to measure the chemical potency as a function of the absorbed dose and to quantify the degradation products. The characterization of degradation products was performed by liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization/tandem mass spectrometry. Results The degradation of solid-state metoclopramide after irradiation was negligible. No qualitati...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A solid electrolytic capacitor having a solid electrolyte comprising manganese dioxide dispersed in an aromatic polyamide capable of further cure to form polyimide linkages, the solid electrolyte being disposed between a first electrode made of valve metal covered by an anodic oxide film and a second electrode opposite the first electrode. The electrolyte autogenously produces water, oxygen, and hydroxyl groups which act as healing substances and is not itself produced pyrolytically. Reduction of the manganese dioxide and the water molecules released by formation of imide linkages result in substantially improved self-healing of anodic dielectric layer defects.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In this work, the principal continuum radiative emission processes, which occur during the penetration of ions in solids or gases, are resumed. The characteristics of the following processes are discussed: secondary electron bremsstrahlung (SEB), atomic bremsstrahlung (AB), and internuclear bremsstrahlung (INB). Recent advances of the ion channeling effects in crystal solids on the spontaneous radiative spectra are exposed. (A.C.A.S.).

Wastenet

...Pharmaceutics | Special Issue: Solid Dosage Forms LoginRegister mdpi.com Journals A-Z For Authors About Open Access Policy Title / Keyword Journal all Administrative Sciences Agriculture ...Establishing Differences from Adults Recent Developments and Future Perspectives in Dissolution Testing Solid Dosage Forms The 1st Electronic Conference on Pharmaceutical Science The Progress on Pharmaceutics ... 1 (2009) Special Issue \\

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We investigate the coupling between rock-size solids and gas during the formation of gas giant planets by disk fragmentation in the outer regions of massive disks. In this study, we use three-dimensional radiative hydrodynamic simulations and model solids as a spatial distribution of particles. We assume that half of the total solid fraction is in small grains and half in large solids. The former are perfectly entrained with the gas and set the opacity in the disk, while the latter are allowed to respond to gas drag forces, with the back reaction on the gas taken into account. To explore the maximum effects of gas-solid interactions, we first consider 10 cm size particles. We then compare these results to a simulation with 1 km size particles, which explores the low-drag regime. We show that (1) disk instability planets have the potential to form large cores due to aerodynamic ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Means for increasing heat transfer characteristics between the surface of a solid and a boiling liquid are described in which the solid is immersed is comprised of a solid with passages which extend therethrough to the surface for the circulation of liquid through the passages for emergence from the surface to eliminate at least a portion of the unstable vapor film otherwise formed on the surface.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Peculiarities of metastable #beta#-solid solution decmposition in titanium alloy VT30 in the process of isothermal ageing in the range 500-650 deg C are investigated. Using the methods of transmittion electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, etc., it is shown that in the case of alloy quenching from the temperature below the point of complete polymorphous transformation (T_t_._t_.), as well as after warm rolling the course of subsequent decomposition of solid solution can be consierably complicated.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Due to the cyclical human life, utility loads appear to be cyclical too. During daytime when most factories are in operation, the electricity demand is very high. On the contrary, when most people are sleeping from midnight to daybreak, the electric load is very low, usually only half of the peak load amount. To meet this large gap between peak load and light load, utilities must idle many generation plants during light load period while operating all generation plants during peak load period no matter how expensive they are. This low utilization factor of generation plants and uneconomical operation have sparked utilities to invest in energy storage devices such as pumped storage plants, compressed air energy storage plants, battery energy storage systems (BES) and superconducting magnetic energy storage systems (SMES) etc. Among these, pumped storage is ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Limited demand and high cost has prevented the construction of hard rock caverns in this country for a number of years. The storage of natural gas in mined caverns may prove technically feasible if the geology of the targeted market area is suitable; and economically feasible if the cost and convenience of service is competitive with alternative available storage methods for peak supply requirements. It is believed that mined cavern storage can provide the advantages of high delivery rates and multiple fill-withdrawal cycles in areas where salt cavern storage is not possible. In this research project, PB-KBB merged advanced mining technologies and gas refrigeration techniques to develop conceptual designs and cost estimates to demonstrate the commercialization potential of the storage of refrigerated natural gas in hard rock caverns. Five regions of the U.S.A. were studied for ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Crystalline ?-Al2O3 nanowires with diameter, 20?40?nm, length above 600?nm and aspect ratio above 30 have been successfully synthesized by thermal decomposition of boehmite (?-AlOOH) precursors obtained via hydrothermal route by using AlCl3, NaOH and NH3 as starting materials. Thermogravimetric analysis (TG), differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) were used to characterize the features of the as-made ?-Al2O3 nanowires and their ?-AlOOH precursors. The pH value of the solution and the mixed precipitant play important roles in the formation of ?-AlOOH nanowires. After calcination at 500?C for 2?h, the orthorhombic ?-AlOOH transf...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Carbon nanofiber (CNF) supported cobalt oxide composites as high-capacity anode materials were prepared through a facile, effective method for potential use in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. The effects of the calcining temperature on the crystallinity, grain size, specific surface area of Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} and phase transformation from Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} to CoO were studied in detail. Both the specific surface area and CNF content in CNF-cobalt oxide composites strongly affect the electrochemical performance of these series composites. The CNF-Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} composite with 24.3% CNF pyrolyzed at 500{sup o}C in Ar shows an excellent cycling performance, retaining a specific capacity of 881 mAh g{sup -1} beyond 100 cycles. Homogeneous deposition and distribution of nanosized Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} particles on the surface of CNF can stabilize the electronic and ionic conductivity as well as the morphology of Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} phase, which may be the main reason ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Praseodymium-doped Bi_4Ti_3O_1_2 (BIT) with various compositions of dopant, Pr (x = 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8) in Bi_4_-_xPr_xTi_3O_1_2 (BPT) were synthesized using a low temperature wet chemical technique. Powders calcined at 800 deg. C exhibit a single phase polycrystalline perovskite bismuth-layered structure. Randomly oriented plate-like structures were observed under Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). A small amount of Pr doping (x = 0.5) resulted in dramatically reduced of grain size from 2 #mu#m to less than 50 nm in which Pr plays the role as a grain growth inhibitor. However, by increasing the composition of Pr, bigger grain size of up to 1 #mu#m was observed for x = 0.8 that was caused by diffusion of Pr in the perovskite structure. Dielectric properties showed that dielectric permittivity decreased with the addition of x = 0.50, and increasing with further addition of Pr. Dissipation factor (tan #delta#) followed the same trend as dielectric constant that was ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A series of silylated Co/SBA-15 catalysts were prepared via the reaction of surface Si-OH of SBA-15 with hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) under anhydrous, vapor-phase conditions, and then characterized by FT-IR, N2 physisorption, TG, XRD, and TPR-MS. The results showed that organic modification led to a silylated SBA-15 surface composed of stable hydrophobic Si-(CH3)3 species even after calcinations and H2 reduction at 673 K. Furthermore, the hydrophobic surface strongly influenced both metal dispersion and reducibility. Compared with non-silylated Co/SBA, Co/S-SBA (impregnation after silylation) showed a high activity, due to the better cobalt reducibility on the hydrophobic support. However, S-Co/SBA (silylation after impregnation) had the lowest FT activity among all the catalysts, due to the lower cobalt reducibility along with the steric hindrance of grafted -Si(CH3)3 for the re-adsorption of ?-olefins. -- Graphical abstract: The silylation of an SBA-15 before ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In our continued efforts for improving the performance of zinc anodes for a Zn/air battery, we now report the preparation of three alloys and improved performances of anodes made up with these alloys. The alloys contained zinc, nickel, and indium with different weight percentages and were calcined at two different temperatures. Out of the six alloys, the alloy which has a composition of zinc 90%, nickel 7.5% and Indium 2.5% and fired at 500{sup o}C is found to be the best. In the case of the hydrogen evolution reaction, this alloy had its potential shifted to a more negative potential. As far as the cyclic voltammograms were concerned, the difference between the anodic and cathodic part was minimal when compared with other alloys. Surprisingly, this alloy had reversibility even after 100 cycles of the cyclic voltammogram. This is a clear indication that dendrite formation was reduced to a considerable extent. Images taken with a scanning electron microscope also ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Under typical conditions found in Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion (PFBC), the calcination reaction of limestones is thermodynamically inhibited, and the sorbent reacts with SO{sub 2} by a direct mechanism. Direct sulfation reactivity of different Spanish sorbents was studied by high-pressure thermogravimetric analysis. It was found that the physical structure of the surface of the particles influence the sulfation behaviour of the sorbents. Total pore volume and pore surface area correlated well with the reactivity of the sorbents. Temperatures between 800 and 925{degree}C, and pressure between 12 and 25 bar, promoted an increase in reactivity, while the gas composition had no effect when changed from 15% CO{sub 2}, 3% O{sub 2}, 0.5% SO{sub 2}, balance N{sub 2} to 12% CO{sub 2}, 7% O{sub 2}, 0.5% SO{sub 2}, balance N{sub 2}. It was found that the unreacted shrinking core model could not satisfactorily describe the sulfation reaction under the conditions ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Red mud is a by-product of the alkaline extraction of aluminum from the bauxite and represents a renewed environmental problem due the significant annual throughput by the plants. In the present work, the pozzolanic properties of Brazilian red mud fired at 600, 700, 800 and 900 deg C were investigated by monitoring lime consumption using DTA analysis and Brazilian standard methodology NBR 5772 (1992). Products and kinetics of hydration were determined in cement pastes produced with 5 and 15% red mud using x-ray diffraction and DTA analysis. Compressive strength and capillary absorption tests were realized on mortars constituted by 5, 10 and 15% red mud in replacement of cement. When calcined at 600 deg C, the red mud develops good pozzolanic properties, and the compressive strength of mortars produced with this waste meet values in accordance with regulatory standard. These results shown than red mud can be used, in partial replacement of cement, as new ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The overall objective of this research work was to prepare hydrocracking catalysts using amorphous silica-alumina (ASA) supports in combination with USY and {beta}-zeolites. Three supports: namely silica-alumina, USY and {beta}-zeolites were selected to prepare the extrudates using AP-1 as a binder, while two metal pairs: namely Ni-W and Ni-Mo were loaded on the extrudates through co-impregnation using incipient wetness technique. The catalysts were then calcined at 550C for 2h. The catalysts were tested in a fixed-bed flow reaction system for their activity, using desulfurized vacuum gas oil (DS-VGO) as a feedstock. The catalytic evaluation results of the catalysts showed that {beta}-zeolite alone and in combination with the ASA used in this study, has a potential as a support for developing heavy oil hydrocracking catalysts. A balance of weak and strong acidities of {beta}-zeolite provides control cracking, while high surface area and bigger pores of ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The nanosized luminescent Tb-MCM-41 (1:10) is synthesized by means of sol-gel-assisted self-assembly under basic conditions at room temperature. The results of "2"9Si-MAS NMR and XRD prove that Tb"3"+ doped Si-O framework. The HRTEM image shows that the regular uniform particles with a diameter of 10 nm possess ultralarge pore with diameter 2.0 nm, which is consistent with the result of N_2 adsorption. The BET surface area and porosity of Tb-MCM-41 (1:10) are 1127 m"2/g and 0.84 cm"3/g, respectively. The patterns of selected-area electron diffraction and XRD of Tb-MCM-41 (1:10) show an Fm3m space group in the cubic. FT-IR results show that the peaks near 970 cm"-"1 are assigned to the deformation vibration of silanol group. The as-products are calcined at 800 deg. C and the mesoporous materials possess enormous specific areas and large porosity, it shows that the mesoporous materials are ultrastable.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Monodisperse europium-activated titania hollow phosphors had been synthesized by a facile one-pot hydrothermal method using carbon spheres as hard templates. Samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, energy dispersive spectrometer and photoluminescence spectrum. The strongest emission intensity was observed with TiO2:Eu0.2 hollow spheres and TiO2:Eu0.2 hollow spheres calcining at 550^oC. Moreover, the strongest excitation of TiO2:Eu0.2 hollow spheres transferred from 400 to 500^oC and the effective nonradiative energy transfer from the TiO2 hollow spheres host matrix to Eu^3^+ ions crystal field states was realized due to changes of crystalline field in the environment around Eu^3^+ ions occupying Ti^4^+ site...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We have examined the theory of NMR multiple echoes developed for solid {sup 3}He to determine whether multiple echoes could be observed in solid hydrogen. We were particularly interested in the possibility of testing for low frequency quantum tunneling motions in solid hydrogen by the observation of multiple echoes. We find that for easily accessible nuclear spin polarizations, P > 12%, multiple echoes would be observed for HD impurities in solid parahydrogen if motional narrowing is effective in increasing the HD nuclear spin-spin relaxation time T{sub 2} to the order of 1 msec. These values for T{sub 2}, which have been observed for HD impurity concentrations of the order of 1%, are larger than the calculated rigid lattice values and can be attributed to quantum tunneling at frequencies of the order of 1kHz.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The shrinking core model is examined for gas-solid noncatalytic reactions with a self-inhibited rate form and it is shown that multiple reaction pathways are possible for solid particles reacted under identical conditions. The observed reaction rate can have up to two discontinuities (jumps) during reaction for particles of spherical and cylindrical shape. The geometric instability analysis reveals that the reaction interface is stable under a very limited set of conditions only for solid particles of slab geometry. For a sphere or cylinder at large Biot numbers the reaction interface is always potentially unstable. This model provides a plausible explanation for gas-solid reactions which exhibit erratic shrinking core behavior.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Elastic scattering cross sections of keV protons in solids (Z=3-82) are calculated using the partial wave expansion technique and the ''muffin-tin'' bound-atom potential. The differential cross sections for small scattering angles of less than 10deg are smaller than those with the Ziegler-Biersack-Littmark potential at all energies and for all solids, although, for larger angles, the two cross sections agree with each other. The mean free paths of the protons in the solids, obtained from the total cross sections, decrease very slowly with decreasing energy. Furthermore, at low energies they approach half the nearest-neighbor distance, which is taken as the radius of the augmented plane wave sphere in the muffin-tin model of crystalline solids. (orig.).

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The n3 and n4 vibrational transitions of CH3 and CD3 isolated in solid parahydrogen were studied by high-resolution infrared spectroscopy. The radicals were produced by in situ UV photolysis of methyl iodides trapped in solid parahydrogen. The observed spectra showed clear rotational fine structures, which were subjected to further splitting due to the electrostatic field of solid parahydrogen. The molecular constants and crystal field parameters of the radicals in solid parahydrogen were determined by analyzing the spectral structures of the n3 and n4 transitions of CD3 by the crystal field theory. The rotational constants of the CD3 radical were found to be only a few percent smaller than those in the gas phase. The determined crystal field parameters indicated significant quantum effect...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Recent advances in thin film solar photovoltaic converters (PV's) can furnish multimegawatt power levels during lunar daylight periods with only modest mass requirements. The extended duration of lunar night (ca. 354 hr) and the high specific mass of earth-imported energy storage systems (regenerative fuel cells, batteries, etc.) render PV plus import storage power systems non-competitive with nuclear power plants for lunar bases. However, power storage or generation methods which can be constructed using primarily lunar materials, used either alone or with lightweight PV's, can be attractive alternatives to nuclear power. Three separate generic systems which can provide favorable low import mass goals have been identified and studied. These are: gravitational energy generation using lunar soil, thermal energy storage using basalt rock or glass, and electrochemical storage using ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A variety of special regulations exist in Costa Rica for registration and transport of hazardous substances; these set the requirements for entry into the country and the security of transport units. However, the regulations mentioned no specific rules for storing hazardous substances. Tax deposits have been the initial place where are stored the substances that enter the country.The creation of basic rules that would be regulating the storage of hazardous substances has taken place through the analysis of regulations and national and international laws governing hazardous substances. The regulatory domain that currently exists will be established with a field research in fiscal deposits in the metropolitan area. The storage and security measures that have been used by the personnel handling the substances will be identified to be putting the reality with that the hazardous substances have been handled in tax deposits. A rule base for the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pollutants resulting from the management of solid waste have been shown to affect the air, land, oceans, and waterways. In addition, solid wastes have other, more indirect impacts such as reduction in feedstocks of natural resources, because useful materials are disposed of rather than recycled. The objective of this study is to evaluate solid waste management practices that have negative implications on the global environment and develop recommendations for reducing such impacts. Recommendations identifying needed changes are identified that will reduce global impacts of solid waste practices in the future. The scope of this study includes the range of non-hazardous solid wastes produced within our society, including municipal solid waste (MSW) and industrial solid waste (ISW), as well as industry-specific wastes from activities such as ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chemical-looping combustion (CLC), has previously been studied as a method for separating CO{sub 2} during combustion of gaseous fuels. In this project the possibility to apply this process for direct use of solid fuels has been investigated. The following has been accomplished: A 10 kW reactor system for CLC with solid fuels has been designed and built. Tests with solid fuel and metal oxid particles in a laboratory reactor show that it is possible to oxidize solid fuels with metal oxide particles in cyclic testing, thus giving proof of basic concept. They also show how the reaction rate is affected by temperature, steam concentration etc., and, most important of all, that the rates of reaction are realistic. Tests with metal oxide materials available at low costs have been successful. Chemical-looping combustion with solid fuels has a potential to achieve very low costs for ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The product of several advanced physical coal cleaning processes is a dry, ultrafine coal (DUC), in the order of 10 microns mean mass diameter. To utilize this fuel commercially, cost-effective, environmentally safe systems must be provided for the storage, transport, and handling of this finely divided form of fuel. The objective of the project described herein is the development of total logistics systems for DUC, including experimental verification of key features. The systems to be developed will provide for safe, economic, and environmentally protective storage and delivery of DUC for residential, commercial, and industrial uses. 20 figs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

HFH Herbst has designed and built a unique machine for storage of spent highly radioactive nuclear fuel rods within two years for the Swedish SKB. The vehicle (total weight 98 t) can be operated underground without a driver. Herbst was able to bring to this project almost 30 years of experience in the complementation of vehicle projects for the nuclear industry. The Procyon 1 already proved its efficiency impressively in several hundred storage processes and operates with absolute reliability. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

All power plant engineers face the problem of peak power demands. Pumped storage plants are used to generate peak load power by pumping up water utilizing off-peak energy of hydrothermal and thermonuclear plants. This is a reference to cover hydroelectric power generation with emphasis on engineering to meet peak power demands by means of pumped storage plants, tidal power plants, and low head power generation. Text covers hydrology, mechanical and electrical equipment, accessories such as penstocks and valves, and civil engineering considerations. Contains descriptions of several existing plants. Includes 200 diagrams and 50 photographs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Michigan Electric Coordination Center (MEPCC), operated by Consumers Power and Detroit Edison Companies, has the responsibility for scheduling the Ludington pumped storage plant. Ludington has an extremely large economic effect on the Consumers Power and Detroit Edison Companies' system due to its size (over 1800 MW net demonstrated generating capability). This paper presents a dynamic programming algorithm for scheduling large pumped storage plants and shows how this method can be coordinated with the commitment of the thermal units of the system.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Energy storage systems with extremely high specific energy (>400 Wh/kg) have been designed that use lightweight pressure vessels to contain the gases generated by reversible (unitized) regenerative fuel cells (URFCs).[1] URFC systems are being designed and developed for a variety of applications, including high altitude long endurance (HALE) solar rechargeable aircraft (SRA), zero emission vehicles (ZEVs), hybrid energy storage/propulsion systems for spacecraft, energy storage for remote (off-grid) power sources, and peak shaving for on-grid applications.[1-10] Energy storage for HALE SRA was the original application for this set of innovations, and a prototype solar powered aircraft (Pathfinder-Plus) recently set another altitude record for all propeller-driven aircraft on August 6, 1998, when it flew to 80,285 feet (24.47 km).[11

Science.gov (United States)

... The other standards in this group deal with heat exchangers, insulation, marking, valves, hydraulic cleanliness, storage of LPG, and centrifugal fire ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... Russian Federation) 978-5-85855-125-6 246 p. ENGINEERING adaptive