International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The radical cations from aziridine and azetidine have been characterized by ESR spectroscopy following their generation in the solid state by #gamma# irradiation of dilute solutions of the parent compounds in the CFCl_3 matrix at 77 K. The ESR parameters of the azetidine radical cation are typical of those for nitrogen-centered amine radical cations such as Me_2NH*"+. On the other hand, the radical cation formed from aziridine has very different ESR parameters that compare closely to those for the isoelectronic C...C ring-opened form of the oxirane radical cation and the allyl radical. The radical cation formed from azetidine is therefore assigned a ring-closed structure with the unpaired electron in a 2p/sub z/ orbital on nitrogen perpendicular to the ring plane, whereas the cation from aziridine is an allylic C...C ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Radical cations of various 3-methylalkanes (C_6-C_1_4) have been produced and stabilized by #gamma#-irradiation of the corresponding neutral compounds in saturated chlorofluorocarbon and perfluorocarbon matrices at 77 K. The perfluorocarbon matrices appeared more suitable for studies of the lighter radical cations, whereas the chlorofluorocarbon matrices were more suited for studies of the heavier radical cations; intermediary cations could be studied in both types of matrices. After irradiation, electronic absorptions associated with both the matrix and the alkane additive were observed. Pure spectra of the 3-methylalkane radical cations were obtained by difference spectrometry, after selective elimination of these cations by illumination. The electronic absorption spectra of the 3-methylalkane radical cations consist in all cases of a single broad absorption band. The spectral ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... electron spin resonance gamma radiation lipids lyophilization lysozyme radicals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The nature of radicals in wood irradiated in vacuum was studied by ESR method. The decay rate of radicals changes in three temperature ranges. Long-lived radicals are very stable at 298"0K, at which the wood-plastics composite has often been studied. The number of radicals formed by irradiations shows fairly good agreement with the total number of radicals in each isolated wood component. The graft copolymerization of MMA to irradiated wood was also studied by means of ESR, and it was found that PMMA propagating radicals are formed in irradiated wood. These radicals are probably formed by the result of graft copolymerization of MMA of wood. (auth.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this paper, bond cleavage reactions are discussed in relation to the softening and solubilization of coal. Were used 9,10-dihydroanthracene (DHA) and 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene (DHP) as models of hydrogen donating compounds in coal, and bibenzyl, 1,2-diethane, benzylphenylether, and 1,5-dibenzylnaphthalene were used as models of bridge structure compounds. They were compared mutually, as to reactivity of coal against DHA and DHP. For the homolytic cleavage of bridges, DHA with excellent radical supplement performance provided excellent hydrogen donating performance. While, for the ipso-position cleavage of bridges, it was found that DHP can act as an effective hydrogen donor. For the reaction between coal and hydrogenated aromatic compounds, cleavage of relatively weak bonds, such as ether linkage and dimethylene linkage, occurred at about 380{degree}C, and hydrogen from DHA or DHP was consumed. On the other hand, the results suggested that the cleavage reaction ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fully fluorinated compounds (perfluoro compounds) represent a class of chemicals which include many extremely inert species-inert to both chemical reaction and photodissociation. Well known examples include SF6 and the perfluorocarbons (PFCs) CF_4 and Teflon. SF_6 is used industrially in electrical switch gear and as an atmospheric tracer. CF_4 and C_2F_6 are released into the atmosphere as a by-product of aluminum manufacture. Several perfluoro compounds have been proposed as substitutes for the ozone-destroying Freons and halons; proposed substitutes include SF_6, c-C_4F_8, C_5F_1_2, and C_6F_1_4. These chemicals were chosen in part because they do not harm the stratospheric ozone layer and were therefore considered environmentally friendly. Recently, Ravishankara et al. reported that perfluoro compounds have significant global warming potential (GWP), contributing to the greenhouse effect due to strong infrared absorption. The perfluoro ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Comparisons have been made between Buddhism and the philosophy of science in general, but there have been only a few attempts to draw comparisons directly with the philosophy of radical behaviorism....Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The proposed active sites on the catalyst surface in heterogeneous propylene ammoxidation have been successfully modelled by structurally characterized pinacolato W(VI) tert-butylimido complexes. These compounds exist as an equilibrating mixture of amine-bis(imido) and imido-bis(amido) complexes, the position of this equilibrium is dependent on the electronic nature of the glycolate ligand. Both of the C-N bond-forming reactions proposed in recent studies by Grasselli et al. (1) have been reproduced using discrete Group VI d{sup 0} organoimido complexes under mild conditions suitable for detailed mechanistic studies. These reactions are: (1) oxidative trapping of radicals at molybdenum imido sites, and (2) migration of the allyl group from oxygen to an imido nitrogen atom.

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No abstract prepared

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A method for the quantitative determination of atmospheric hydroperoxyl radical comprising: (a) contacting a liquid phase atmospheric sample with a chemiluminescent compound which luminesces on contact with hydroperoxyl radical; (b) determining luminescence intensity from the liquid phase atmospheric sample; and (c) comparing said luminescence intensity from the liquid phase atmospheric sample to a standard luminescence intensity for hydroperoxyl radical. An apparatus for automating the method is also included.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Short note.

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Experimental investigation data are systematized of free radical states and processes in irradiated proteins. The investigation is performed by the radiospectral methods. Results are discussed in detail of the study of free radicals electronic structure of amino acids, peptides and proteins formed by the action of ionizing radiation. The specificity is stressed of the study of monocrystalls of these compounds by the method of electronic paramagnetic resonance. The nature is also studied of primary centres formed under the effect of radiation on biologically important compounds and their subsequent reactions in solid and liquid solutions. Ion-radical states of different functional groups of the protein molecule are studied. Prospects of the study and the role of anion-radicals in biological processes are discusses.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The aim of the study is to prepare ionic exchangers using the polymerization of unsaturated polyster with monomeric styrene units in a ratio of 60%: 40% respectively. The type of method involved in this preparation, is called An Emulsion Polymerization. Such type of polymerization was carried out by two techniques: chemical and irradiation techniques. The first techniques requires the formation of free radical monomers by use of methyl Ethy Ketone Peroxide capable of decomposing into free radicals upon heating, while the other technique involves the use of gamma rays (using Co-60 source) capable of activating monomers towards free radical formations. A number of very effective chemical parameters and physical factors were used and investigated throughout the reactions such as: dispersant matrix, viscosity, rate of mixing, and irradiation dose. Besides, the study has included the study of the rate of Resin Beads Swelling ...

Science.gov (United States)

... WHS- Washington Headquarters Service ... but also with respect to other Joint, National and ... unit of action (UA) combat team or task force is organized ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fluorinated amorphous carbon (a-C:F) films were deposited by radio frequency bias assisted microwave plasma electron cyclotron resonance chemical vapor deposition with tetrafluoromethane (CF_4) and acetylene (C_2H_2) as precursors. The deposition process was performed at two flow ratios R=0.90 and R=0.97, where R=CF_4/(CF_4+C_2H_2). The samples were annealed at 300 deg. C for 30 min. in a N_2 atmosphere. Both Fourier transform infrared and electron spectroscopy for chemical analyzer were used to characterize the a-C:F film chemical bond and fluorine concentration, respectively. A high resolution electron energy loss spectrometer was applied to detect the electronic structure. The higher CF_4 flow ratio (R=0.97) produced more sp"3 linear structure, and it made the a-C:F film smoother and softer. A lifetime of around 0.34 #mu#s and an energy gap of #approx#2.75 eV were observed in ...

Science.gov (United States)

PMID:18640506

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

PurposeThe objective of this study is to evaluate the continence rate following reconstruction of the posterior urethral plate in robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundTrichloroethylene (TCE) may induce oxidative stress which generates free radicals and alters antioxidants or oxygen-free radical scavenging enzymes.MethodsTwenty...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Despite being free of charge, treatment adherence to 7-day primaquine for the radical cure of Plasmodium vivax was estimated at 62.2% among patients along the Iquitos-Nauta road in...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We have undertaken a program which measures the photoelectron spectra of negative-ion beams. This experiment has afforded us direct information about these ions and the corresponding neutral radicals. Several ions and numerous radicals are believed to be crucial intermediates in combustion processes and flame chemistry. We have fabricated a spectrometer which directly measures electron affinities (EA). Knowledge of the EA and gas-phase acidity of a radical has enabled us to deduce several radical heats of formation and bond strengths.

Wastenet

... Three prototype reactors were constructed and the photocatalysts used were TiO2 for hydroxyl radical generation, dyes such as methylene blue and rose bengal for singlet oxygen generation, and ferric chloride/hydrogen peroxide in Photo-Fenton OH radical generation. Singlet oxygen was effective against some of the pesticides but reacted slowly or not at all with others. All pesticides were degraded by OH radical generating agents (such as methylene blue)...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The research for the development of flexible organic electronic devices (FEDs) is rapidly increasing worldwide, since FEDs will change radically several aspects of everyday life. Although there has been considerable progress in the area of flexible inorganic devices (a-Si or solution processed Si), there are numerous advances in the organic (semiconducting, conducting and insulating), inorganic and hybrid (organic-inorganic) materials that exhibit customized properties and stability, and in the synthesis and preparation methods, which are characterized by a significant amount of multidisciplinary efforts. Furthermore, the development and encapsulation of organic electronic devices onto flexible polymeric substrates by large-scale and low-cost roll-to-roll production processes will allow their market implementation in numerous application areas, including displays, lighting, photovoltaics, radio-frequency identification circuitry and chemical ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The extracts from kinnow peel, kinnow seeds, litchi pericarp, litchi seeds, grape seeds, and banana peel were screened for total phenolic content (TPC), trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), 1,1 diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, as well as reducing power. Kinnow peel extract exhibited the highest reducing power, TEAC, and DPPH free radical scavenging activity, whereas, the phenolic content of 37.4 mg GAE/g-dw was highest for grape seed extract. Banana peel extract with a low TPC showed the lowest reducing power, TEAC as well as DPPH free radical scavenging activity among the fruit residue extracts examined in the present study. Correlation analysis between the reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging ability; reducing power and ABTS radical scavengin...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In the treatment of prostatic cancer using a newly proposed intermittent multiportal therapy (DIMT), acute reactions, change in tumor marker levels, and complications more than 6 months after treatment were evaluated. From June 1989 to September 1990, 26 patients with prostatic cancer (stage A2, 3 patients; B, 9; C, 2; D, 10; recurrence, 2) were treated. Fifteen patients were followed up for more than one year, with a mean period of 11.6 months. The treatment schedule is 52.5 Gy in 16 fractions in 4 weeks for radical treatment, and 30.0 Gy in 8 fractions in 2 weeks for palliative treatment. The 360 degree rotation about the patient was divided into 16 fractions, and 2 opposing fractions were used in one day as parallel opposed portals to treat the target volume. The fractions were serially treated one per day, so that 8 treatment days produced a total dose of distribution similar to that for conventional conformational ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In relation to coal liquefaction reaction, the effect of the coexistence of transferable hydrogen (TH) from process solvent on reduction of radical concentration and the effect of pre-heat treatment on average structure of coals were studied. In experiment, change in radical concentration with temperature rise was measured using the system composed of Yallourn coal and process solvent. The results are as follows. Process solvent with a wide boiling point range of 180-420{degree}C is effective in suppressing an increase in radical concentration even at higher temperature. The effect of hydrogen-donating solvent increases with TH. It was also suggested that high-boiling point constituents in solvent stabilize radicals even over 400{degree}C by vapor phase hydrogenation. The experimental results of pre-heat treatment are as follows. Although the conversion improvement effect of TH is equivalent to that of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The kinetics of HO{sub 2} radicals in UV-irradiated frozen dilute solutions of H{sub 2}O{sub 2} were followed by the ESR technique. Radical disproportionations at the irradiation temperature were found to be adequately described in terms of dispersive kinetics by a second-order equal-concentration kinetic equation with rate parameters changing non-monotonically in the temperature range 100-200 K. These changes are thought to occur due to well separated structural relaxation regions of polycrystalline ice in the above temperature range. (author).

Medline Plus

ROBOT-ASSISTED RADICAL LAPAROSCOPIC PROSTATECTOMY WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY BAPTIST MEDICAL CENTER WINSTON-SALEM, NC 00:00:08 ANTHONY ATALA, MD: I would like ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The Mitochondrial Free Radical Theory of Aging (MFRTA) is currently one of the most widely accepted theories used to explain aging....Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Intermediate products of the conversions of 6-aminophenalenone in ethanol were investigated by pulse radiolysis. In alkaline medium the main product is the 6-aminophenalenone radical cation, the optical absorption spectrum of which contains two bands with maxima at 355 and 400 nm. The precursors of this particle are e_s, CH_3CHOH and CH_3CHO"- radicals. In neutral and acid medium, radical cations are protonated in reactions with alcohol and hydrogen ions. The H-adduct of 6-aminophenalenone that arises has optical absorption maxima at 350 and 390 nm. The presence of two maxima is due to two different structures of the product. The molar extinction coefficients of the radical anions and H-adducts of 6-aminophenalenone and the rate constants of the reactions involving them were estimated. 6 refs., 4 figs., 2 tabs.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The antioxidant properties of magnolol and honokiol were evaluated in the experimental systems of reducing ONOO^- and ^1O"2, bleaching @b-carotene in linoleic acid (LH) emulsion, and trapping 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) cationic radical (ABTS^+?) and 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), and then were applied to inhibit the oxidation of DNA induced by Cu^2^+/glutathione (GSH) and 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane hydrochloride) (AAPH). Magnolol and honokiol were active to reduce ONOO^- and ^1O"2. Honokiol showed a little higher activity to protect LH and to inhibit Cu^2^+/GSH-induced oxidation of DNA than magnolol. In addition, honokiol exhibited higher activities to trap ABTS^+? and DPPH than magnolol. In particular, honokiol trapped 2.5 radicals while magnolol o...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The connection between W-algebras and the algebra of differential operators is conjectured. The bosonized representation of the differential operator algebra with c=-2n and all the subalgebras are examined. The degenerate representations and null-state classifications for c=-2 are presented. (orig.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A study of the magnetic properties and the heat capacity as functions of temperature and magnetic field of two ternary carbides RNiC_2, where R=La and Ce, confirms that LaNiC_2 becomes superconducting at T_c=2.7thinspK, and that CeNiC_2 orders antiferromagnetically below 18thinspK. LaNiC_2 is a conventional superconductor with a critical field of 900 Oe at T=2thinspK. CeNiC_2 obeys the Curie-Weiss law between 50 and 300thinspK showing the nearly full Ce"3"+ magnetic moment, p_e_f_f=2.47(1)#mu#_B, and has a negative paramagnetic Weiss temperature #THETA#_p=-18.3(8)thinspK. A low net magnetic moment in the ordered state, which is far from saturation in a magnetic field of 5thinspT, is consistent with an antiferromagnetic ground state. Below ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Esters of dihydric alcohols with alkenylphosphonic or alkenylphosphinic acids which are polymerizable by free radicals are described. They are combined with polymer binders, in particular water-soluble polymers, and photoinitiators forming free radicals to give photopolymerizable mixtures which are suitable for the production of photoresists and printing plates. The mixtures display low heat-sensitivity and have long shelf lives. (author) 1 tab.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The author is exploring the efficiency of pulsed plasma processing in the removal of nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxide, and other pollutants. This process uses an electrical discharge to create chemical radicals from air molecules. These radicals can react with pollutants and form harmless compounds. Additives such as hydrocarbons are also used to improve the efficiency of the removal. The efficient removal of nitrogen dioxide has required the presence of dilute aqueous solution of ammonia.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aqueous deoxyhemoglobin solutions (2 mg/ml) were gamma-irradiated by a "6"0Co source in the presence of methanol, ethanol, 1-butanol and t-butanol under N_2O or argon. The effects of the interaction of the particular alcohol radical species with hemoglobin were determined according to the detected spectral alterations in the visible range. The amounts of stable final products in the form of methemoglobin (MetHb) and the sum of hemichromes and cholehemichromes (Hemichr) were estimated in irradiated preparations. For preparations irradiated under N_2O, the radiation yield for MetHb formation was three-fold lower in the presence of ethanol and 1-butanol [G(MetHb) = 0.33[ compared with preparations irradiated in the presence of t-butanol or without alcohol [G(MetHb) = 1.00[. The yield of hemichromes and cholehemichromes in preparations irradiated under N_2O increased in the order: ethanol (G = 0.38), 1-butanol (B = 0.52), t-butanol (G = 0.59), and in the absence of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kinetics of postradiation polymerization of triethylene glycol ..cap alpha.., ..omega..-dimethacrylate has been studied by calorimetric method. The low-temperature radiolysis has been studied by ESR method. The radiation-chemical yield of radicals on ..gamma..-irradiation by /sup 60/Co is determined being equal to 6+-1 1/100 ev. Transformation of the radicals spectrum into the spectrum of propagating macroradicals proceeds at 140 K. After the transition from glassy to liquid state (Tsub(g)=193 K) the intensive postpolymerization begins. During the polymerization the disappearance of radicals is observed. For the low-temperature region the effective activation energy of polymerization is determined beina equal to 50.7+-0.8 kJ/mol.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pulse radiolysis studies of the formation kinetics and the yields of various phenylcarbenium ions from several different solutes in 1,2-dichloroethane solution have been carried out. The results indicate that there are two kinetically distinguishable cationic species of the solvent which react selectively with the different solutes to form the phenylcarbenium ions. It is suggested that one is a cation radical (yield 0.68 molecule/100 eV) and the other a carbocation (yield 0.20 molecule/100 eV). Rate constants for their separate reactions with selected aromatic compounds and with ammonia have been determined. Molar extinction coefficients have been estimated for benzyl cation, diphenyl cation radical, and anthracene cation radical. 6 figures, 1 table.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The effects of TANOL radical have been examined on chemical shifts and relaxation rates of /sup 109/Ag NMR in aqueous solution of silver salts. The silver ion in aqueous solution is found to coordinate with TANOL radical. A small amount of TANOL is added as a doping agent(0.020M), since /sup 109/Ag signals are obtained for (1.0M) silver ion within 30 minutes. The /sup 109/Ag chemical shifts of silver salt in aqueous solutions were found within the range of 0 to -1000 ppm relative to that of 1.0M AgNo/sub 3/.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Molar excess enthalpies and molar excess volumes are reported for the systems H_2O + (C_2H_5)_3N and D_2O + (C_2H_5)_3N at temperatures below and above their lower critical solution temperatures. The molar excess enthalpies are slightly less exothermic for the D_2O system. The molar excess volumes of the H_2O and D_2O systems are within experimental error of one another. Compositions of conjugate solutions estimated from the calorimetric and volumetric measurements agree with those obtained from published liquid-liquid phase diagrams. (Auth.).

Science.gov (United States)

... Information behavior in dynamic group work contexts: interwoven situational awareness, dense social networks and contested collaboration in ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Thermo-reactive diffusion chromizing followed by pulsed plasma nitriding were carried out on AISI 52100 and 8620 bearing steels. The chromized samples were pulse-plasma nitrided for 5 h at 500 deg. C in various N_2-H_2 gas mixtures. The coated steels were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and microhardness testing. The unlubricated wear behaviors of only chromized and duplex treated steels were investigated in ball-on-disc system tests at room temperature. X-ray diffraction patterns of the duplex treated samples containing H_2 indicated the formation of dominant CrN and Cr_2N nitrides as well as the formation of Cr_3C_2 and Cr_7C_3 carbides. Gas mixtures in the plasma nitriding, which was performed after chromizing, have a significant influence on the wear rate of the duplex treated steels. The wear and friction tests showed that the lowest friction coefficient and wear rates were observed ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Exercise training is known to induce an increase in free radical production potentially leading to enhanced muscle injury. Vitamins C and E are well known antioxidants that may prevent muscle cell damage....Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The authors report on a search for pair production of first-generation scalar leptoquarks (LQ) in p{bar p} collisions at {radical}s = 1.96 TeV using an integrated luminosity of 252 pb{sup -1} collected at the Fermilab Tevatron collider by the D0 detector. They observe no evidence for LQ production in the topologies arising from LQ{ovr LQ} {yields} eqeq and LQ{ovr LQ} {yields} eqvq, and derive 95% C.L. lower limits on the LQ mass as a function of {beta}, where {beta} is the branching fraction for LQ {yields} eq. The limits are 241 and 218 GeV/c{sup 2} for {beta} = 1 and 0.5, respectively. These results are combined with those obtained by D0 at {radical}s = 1.8 TeV, which increases these LQ mass limits to 256 and 234 GeV/c{sup 2}.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundThe optimal treatment for locally recurrent rectal cancer (LRRC) is still a matter of debate. This study assessed the outcome of LRRC patients treated with multimodality...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Recurrent tumour after radical pancreaticoduodenectomy may cause obstruction of the small bowel loop draining the liver. Roux-loop obstruction presents a particular therapeutic challenge, since the...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Because copper catalyzes the conversion of H₂O₂ to hydroxyl radicals in vitro, it has been proposed that oxidative DNA damage may be an important component of copper toxicity....Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

It was previously reported that the tritium tracer method is useful for the quantitative consideration of hydrogen behavior in coal during coal liquefaction reaction. Tetralin is excellent hydrogen donating solvent, and is considered as one of the model compounds of coal. In this study, effects of H2S and H2O on the hydrogen exchange reaction between tetralin and gaseous hydrogen labeled by tritium were investigated. It was suggested that the conversion of tetralin and the hydrogen exchange reaction between gaseous hydrogen and tetralin proceed through the radical reaction mechanism with a tetralyl radical as an intermediate product. When H2S existed in this reaction, the hydrogen exchange yield increased drastically without changing the conversion yield. This suggested that the hydrogen exchange reaction proceeds even in the reaction where radical does not give any effect. In the case of H2O addition, the conversion yield ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The dissociation of methylal is investigated using mass spectrometry, combined with a pyrolytic radical source and femtosecond pump probe experiments. Based on preliminary results two reaction paths of methylal dissociation are proposed and discussed. (author) 4 fig., 3 refs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The development of detailed chemical kinetic reaction mechanisms for oxidation of n-octane and iso-octane is described, with emphasis on the factors which are specific to many large hydrocarbon fuel molecules. Elements which are of particular importance are found to include site-specific abstraction of H atoms, radical isomerization of alkyl radicals by internal H atom abstraction, and rapid ..beta..-scission of the alkyl radicals. These features, combined with distinctions in the types of intermediate olefin species produced, are used to explain the significant differences in the rate of oxidation between n-octane and iso-octane. Experimental results from the turbulent flow reactor and low pressure laminar flames, using both n-octane and iso-octane as fuels, are used to test the reaction mechanisms and indicate those parts of the total mechanisms which are in greatest need of further development and refinement. It is found ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that perioperative transfusion of allogeneic and autologous red blood cells (RBCs) stored for a prolonged period speeds biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

RC-12 [1,2-dimethoxy-4-(bis-diethylaminoethyl)-amino-5-bromobenzene] was evaluated for prophylactic, radical curative, and suppressive activities against infections with Plasmodium cynomolgi and subacute...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and bacteriochlorophyll a in aqueous micellar solutions of Trition X 100 (2%) are readily oxidized by pulse-radiolytically generated N_3., Br_2"-., and (SCN)_2"-. radicals at nearly diffusion-controlled rates. The kinetic study suggests that pigment molecules occupy multiple sites in the micelle. Pheophytin a is only oxidized by N_3. and Br_2"-. radicals. The absolute spectra and the molar extinction coefficients of chlorophyll a, bacteriochlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and pheophytin a cations have been determined. The chlorophyll a cation has been observed in the presence of pigment aggregates.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hydroperoxides are important atmospheric oxidants. They are responsible for most of the oxidation of aqueous-phase SO(sub 2) to sulfate in the northeastern United States, resulting in the formation of acid precipitation and visibility-reducing sulfate aerosol (Penkett et al., 1979; Lind et al., 1987; Madronich and Calvert, 1990; Tanner and Schorran, 1995). Atmospheric hydrogen peroxide (H(sub 2)O(sub 2) or HP) is produced by the self-reaction of hydroperoxyl radicals (HO(sub 2)); higher organic peroxides are produced by reaction of HO(sub 2) with alkylperoxyl radicals (RO(sub 2)). Peroxyl radicals, along with OH, are chain carriers in the complex photochemical process that produces tropospheric ozone. Thus, concentrations of peroxides and their free radical precursors depend on solar intensity and ambient concentrations of water vapor, ozone, NO(sub x) (NO+ NO(sub 2)), and VOCs (volatile organic ...

Science.gov (United States)

Ternary copper(II) complexes [Cu(L1)B](ClO4) (1, 2) and [Cu(L2)B](ClO4) (3, 4), where HL1 and HL2 are tridentate NSO- and ONO-donor Schiff bases and B is a heterocyclic base, viz. dipyrido[3,2-d:2',3'-f]quinoxaline (dpq, 1 and 3) or dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine (dppz, 2 and 4), were prepared and their DNA binding and photoinduced DNA cleavage activity studied. Complex 1, structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography, shows an axially elongated square-pyramidal (4 + 1) coordination geometry in which the monoanionic L1 binds at the equatorial plane. The NN-donor dpq ligand exhibits an axial-equatorial binding mode. The complexes display good binding propensity to calf thymus DNA, giving a relative order 2 (NSO-dppz) > 4 (ONO-dppz) > 1 (NSO-dpq) > 3 (ONO-dpq). They cleave supercoiled pUC19 DNA to its nicked circular form when treated with 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) by formation of hydroxyl radicals as the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Purpose: To conduct a retrospective analysis within a large university teaching hospital, comparing outcomes between patients receiving either radical surgery or radiotherapy as curative treatment for bladder cancer. Patients and Methods: Between March 1996 and December 2000, 169 patients were treated radically for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Data were collected from patient notes. Statistical analyses were performed using Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis to compare radiotherapy and surgical outcome data. Results: There was no difference in overall, cause-specific, and distant recurrence-free survival at 5 years between the two groups, despite the radiotherapy group being older (median age, 75.3 years vs. 68.2 years). There were 31 local bladder recurrences in the radiotherapy group (24 solitary), but there was no significant difference in distant recurrence-free survival. In a more recent (2002-2006) ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

By the example of CH2Cl2, CF2Cl2, CHF2Cl, C2F6, C2H6, SF6 and C6H12 we have investigated the isobaric thermal conductivity jump at crystal-liquid phase transition. It is shown that the reduction in the thermal conductivity at melting derives from the degree of orientational ordering of the crystals at pre-melting point.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Detailed chemical kinetic reaction mechanisms are developed for combustion of all nine isomers of heptane (C{sub 7}H{sub 16}), and these mechanisms are tested by simulating autoignition of each isomer under rapid compression machine conditions. The reaction mechanisms focus on the manner in which the molecular structure of each isomer determines the rates and product distributions of possible classes of reactions. The reaction pathways emphasize the importance of alkylperoxy radical isomerizations and addition reactions of molecular oxygen to alkyl and hydroperoxyalkyl radicals. A new reaction group has been added to past models, in which hydroperoxyalkyl radicals that originated with abstraction of an H atom from a tertiary site in the parent heptane molecule are assigned new reaction sequences involving additional internal H atom abstractions not previously allowed. This process accelerates autoignition in fuels with ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The corrosion behavior of hard metals with VC and Cr3C2 grain growth inhibitors was investigated in alkaline solutions by electrochemical methods. The two inhibitors have opposite effects on the corrosion behavior: Cr3C2 significantly improves the corrosion behavior, whereas VC-containing alloys show a poor resistance. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses of the distributions of Cr and V in the composite material, as well as in the surface layers formed during corrosion were employed to clarify the influence of these elements on the corrosion behavior. The measurements showed that VC is precipitated mostly along the WC/binder interface after the liquid-phase sintering process, while Cr3C2 is almost homogene...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The A2P-X2+Dv=-3 bands of the 12C14N radical have been observed by time-resolved Fourier transform spectroscopy in the 1850-3100cm-1 region with a wavenumber resolution of 0.025cm-1. The radical was produced in a pulsed positive column discharge in a cyanogene and helium mixture. Seven bands of v=0-3, 1-4, 2-5, 3-6, 4-7, 5-8, and 6-9 were analyzed to give the molecular constants of each state by least-squares fitting of 801 lines. The pulsed discharge was found to be efficient for production of CN in the excited A2P state. The vibrational excitation temperature was determined to be 6680+-835K and 6757+-534K for the A2P and X2+ states, respectively. The population of the A2P was found to be 4% of that of the X2+ state in the time after turning off the discharge.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A novel technique is proposed for the growth of an InN film on a GaN/Al2O3(0001) template by radio-frequency plasma-excited molecular beam epitaxy (RF-MBE). The method involves 1) InN growth under an In-rich condition and 2) additional nitrogen radical irradiation after the InN growth under an In-rich condition. Excess In that appeared on the InN surface in the InN growth under an In-rich condition is transformed to InN by the additional nitrogen radical irradiation. The effective V/III ratio is easily controlled by monitoring the intensity in a reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) pattern. The growth of the InN film by repeating the InN growth under an In-rich condition and the additional nitrogen radical irradiation is also demonstrated. (copyright 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (orig.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lysozyme dimers produced on oxidation of lysozyme with Br_2anion radicals in aqueous solutions exhibit a fluorescence spectrum (lambdasub(max) = 400 nm) closely similar to that of bi-tyrosine. This suggests that the dimer is likely to have a tyrosine-tyrosine bond resulting from the combination of tyrosine phenoxy radicals of two lysozyme molecules. Kinetic studies on dimer formation were made by measuring time-dependent fluorescence after pulsed-electron irradiation over wide pH range. The results lead to the following conclusions. The second-order growth of the dimer fluorescence observed at pH 10.7-12.5 reflects the combination process of the lysozyme radicals, which is rate-determining in the pH range. On the other hand, the first-order growth observed at pH 6.8-10.2 is attributable to the enolization of the keto-form of the dimer. A tentative reaction scheme is proposed for the dimer formation. (author).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

To elucidate the mechanism of sunlight-induced skin damage, guinea pigs exposed to UV light (280-320 nm, UV B, 4J/cm"2) and a homogenate of the epidermis was examined by means of the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test. Three hours after the exposure, TBA-malondialdehyde adducts had increased while glutathione reductase activity had decreased, indicating lipid peroxidation. To detect the initial species, spin trapping with 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) was applied to a suspension of illuminated epidermal cells (0.5 J/cm"2). An ESR signal obtained only with irradiation comprised a 1 : 2 : 2 : 1 quartet [a (N) =a (#beta#H) =1.49 mT] attributable to a spin adduct of hydroxyl radicals. These results suggest that sunlight exposure of skin may lead to hydroxyl radical generation and simultaneous lipid peroxidation. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Two measurement methods to determine the rate of neutral free radical production by the photo-deionization of negative ion beams (PDINIB) are introduced. These methods, namely, photoelectron-current measurement by low-frequency electro-modulation probe (PMMP) and measurement of decrease in the negative-ion beam current (DNIC) were employed to evaluate the production rate in a trial surface-processing apparatus developed in the author's laboratory utilizing a steady-flux refined beam of neutral free radicals (RBNR) produced by the PDINIB procedure. A {sup 63}Cu{sup -} negative ion beam of kinetic energy E{sub i} varied up to 15 keV was irradiated with a 514.5 nm visible light beam from a 25 W CW Ar{sup +} ion laser. The detection limit of the production rate by the PMMP setup was as high as 6 x 10{sup 9} s{sup -1} under the condition that E{sub i}=15 keV, the negative-ion beam current I{sub i}=4 {mu}A and the laser power P=6 W. The DNIC ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Recent work has shown that natural hydrocarbon emissions can significantly affect the levels of urban and regional tropospheric ozone. We report on the reactivities of these biogenic trace gases, particularly isoprene, focusing on their importance in the production of aldehydes and peroxy radicals, leading to increased levels of hydrogen over regional forests. Hydrogen peroxide can lead to the wet oxidation of sulfur dioxide to acidic sulfate in aerosols, fogs, and clouds. In turn, acidic sulfate can act to as a light scattering aerosol and a source of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), potentially leading to global cooling. Aerosol sulfate and other dissolved organic and inorganic compounds can also play important roles as a greenhouse species in the lower troposphere.

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The authors search Z{prime} bosons in dielectron events produced in p{bar p} collisions at {radical}s = 1.96 TeV, using a 0.45 fb{sup -1} dataset accumulated with the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. To identify the Z{prime} {yields} e{sup +}e{sup -} signal, both the dielectron invariant mass distribution and the angular distribution of the electron pair are used. No evidence of a signal is found, and 95% confidence level lower limits are set on the Z{prime} mass for several models. Limits are also placed on the mass and gauge coupling of a generic Z{prime}, as well as on the contact interaction mass scales for different helicity structure scenarios.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Purpose. To compare erectile function (EF) recovery of patients treated by early penile rehabilitation therapy (PRT) with sildenafil and with control group. Method. Forty men treated by bilateral nerve sparing radical prostatectomy (NSRP) and with a normal pre-operative EF were enrolled. Fourteen days after surgery, they were randomised to a flexible-dose sildenafil group and to a control group. The International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire was completed before surgery and at 3, 6, 12 and 24 weeks after NSRP. Results. In the group treated, the mean IIEF score before surgery was 26.2 and 14.1, 16.2, 22.5 and 25.2 at 3, 6, 12 and 24 weeks after NSRP, respectively. In the control group, the respective scores were 26.5 and 12.4, 15.8, 15.3 and 17.4. There was a significant ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The optimal management of men with very favorable clinicopathological factors who develop biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP) has not been previously reported. Both local and systemic recurrences are unlikely in this cohort. This study examines their management and outcomes. Between October 2000 to March 2010, 1627 men underwent open RP by a single surgeon. In all, 448 (27.5%) met the following criteria for extremely low risk disease: preoperative PSA level <10?ng?ml?1, clinical stage T1c/T2a, Gleason score ?6, estimated cancer volume in the surgical specimen ?5% and no evidence for positive surgical margin. Undetectable PSA was defined as ?0.04?ng?ml?1. BCR was defined as PSA ?0.2?ng?ml&#...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The radiation induced reactions in LDPE in the presence of phenolic type antioxidants have been studied. It was shown that various antioxidants can influence the polyethylene network formation and the radical yield in different ways. The dependence of network structure on absorbed doses was determined by gel analysis, hot-set test and extraction of antioxidants for samples irradiated with accelerated electrons. It was found that the antioxidants eluted from polyethylene in higher percentage influence polymer crosslinking to a smaller degree. The ESR studies of #gamma#-irradiated blends of polyethylene with antioxidant indicate the presence of alkyl and phenoxyl radicals. The role of antioxidant molecules on radiation induced reactions in polyethylene-antioxidant systems is considered. The correlation between the network structure and the type of additive in polyethylene is also discussed. (author).

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Three alternative extraction procedures were carried out in order to separate the antioxidant components and isolate an efficient extract from Origanum dictamnus. Procedure A included sequential extractions with petroleum ether (PE), diethyl ether (DE) and ethanol; procedure B sequential extractions with PE and ethyl acetate (EAc); procedure C a single step extraction with ethanol. The most efficient radical scavengers, according to the DPPH method, were isolated in ethanol extract of procedure A (mainly rosmarinic acid), followed by ethanol extract of procedure C. However, both ethanol extracts had low solubility in oil and could not protect it. EAc and DE extracts, containing mainly apigenin and epirosmanol ethyl ether, presented lower radical scavenging activity but were very effective ...

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Evidence is reported for a narrow structure near the J/{psi}{phi} threshold in exclusive B{sup +} {yields} J/{psi}{phi}K{sup +} decays produced in {bar p}p collisions at {radical}s = 1.96 TeV. A signal of 14 {+-} 5 events, with statistical significance in excess of 3.8 standard deviations, is observed in a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.7 fb{sup -1}, collected by the CDF II detector. The mass and natural width of the structure are measured to be 4143.0 {+-} 2.9(stat) {+-} 1.2(syst) MeV/c{sup 2} and 11.7{sub -5.0}{sup +8.3}(stat) {+-} 3.7(syst) MeV/c{sup 2}.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Oxidative degradation of methylene blue (MB) by Co^2^+-HCO3^- system with H2O2 in aqueous solution was studied. Nearly complete decolorization of the dye was obtained in less than 50min in diluted NaHCO3 solution (25mM) in the presence of only 20mM Co^2^+ ions. Meanwhile, the conjugated structure and phenyl rings of the MB molecule were destroyed or even broken down into small organic acids and inorganic ions, as indicated by FT-IR spectra and ion-chromatography. Photoluminescence probing and radical scavenging technologies suggested that the reaction of MB degradation in this system mainly involved the generation and participation of hydroxyl radicals. Furthermore, by cyclovoltammetric measurements, the in situ formed different complexes between Co^2^+ and HCO3^- were observed at differen...

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The reactions of the hydroxyl radical with hydrocarbons and fluoro hydrocarbons attract significant attention due to their importance in atmospheric chemistry. Its reactions with the two first hydrocarbons, methane and ethane are of special interest because, owing to the small size of these systems, they serve as a prototype for the theoretical studies of hydrogen abstraction reactions. In this work, the reaction and activation energies of the hydroxyl radical abstraction reaction with methane and ethane have been investigated by correlated ab initio and DFT methods. The DFT reaction energies are in good agreement with experimental values, but the activation energies may be in severe error. (authors) 22 refs.

CERN Document Server

We report the observation of two narrow structures at 10610MeV/c^2 and 10650MeV/c^2 in the pi^{\\pm}Upsilon(nS) (n=1,2,3) and pi^{\\pm}h_b(mP) (m=1,2) mass spectra that are produced in association with a single charged pion in Upsilon(5S) decays. The measured masses and widths of the two structures averaged over the five final states are M_1=10608.4\\pm2.0MeV/c^2, Gamma_1=15.6\\pm2.5MeV and M_2=10653.2\\pm1.5MeV/c^2, Gamma_2=14.4\\pm3.2MeV. Analysis favors quantum numbers of I^G(J^P)=1^+(1^+) for both states. The results are obtained with a 121.4fb^{-1} data sample collected with the Belle detector near the Upsilon(5S) resonance, at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e- collider.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We have measured the transverse asymmetry A_T_"' in the quasielastic "3He-vector(e-vector,e"') process with high precision at Q"2 values from 0.1 to 0.6 (GeV/c)"2. The neutron magnetic form factor G_M"n was extracted at Q"2 values of 0.1 and 0.2 (GeV/c)"2 using a nonrelativistic Faddeev calculation which includes both final-state interactions (FSI) and meson-exchange currents (MEC). Theoretical uncertainties due to the FSI and MEC effects were constrained with a precision measurement of the spin-dependent asymmetry in the threshold region of "3He-vector(e-vector,e"'). We also extracted the neutron magnetic form factor G_M"n at Q"2 values of 0.3 to 0.6 (GeV/c)"2 based on plane wave impulse approximation calculations.

CERN Document Server

The flybys of Jupiter by the Voyager spacecraft in 1979, and over two decades later by Cassini in 2000, have provided us with unique datasets from two different epochs, allowing the investigation of seasonal change in the atmosphere. In this paper we model zonal averages of thermal infrared spectra from the two instruments, Voyager 1 IRIS and Cassini CIRS, to retrieve the vertical and meridional profiles of temperature, and the abundances of the two minor hydrocarbons, acetylene (C2H2) and ethane (C2H6). The spatial variation of these gases is controlled by both chemistry and dynamics, and therefore their observed distribution gives us an insight into both processes. We find that the two gases paint quite different pictures of seasonal change. Whilst the 2-D cross-section of C2H6 abundance is slightly increased and more symmetric in 2000 (northern summer ...

Science.gov (United States)

The anisotropy of H/sub c2/ was measured in a V$sub 3$Si monocrystal and was found to be much larger than in other materials. The max elementary pinning force f/sub p/ is estimated to be approximately 0.01 dyn/cm at the reduced field H/H/sub c/ = 0.25 and 4.2$sup 0$K. Control of texture as well as of grain size is important for improving J/sub c/ in A-15 compounds. (DLC)

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No abstract available.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Science.gov (United States)

... Accession Number : ADD335809. Title : Characterization of Absolute-Resonant Eddy Current Probes,. Corporate Author : ...

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Although silicosis has been studied extensively, the mechanism is still not fully understood. Experiments do provide evidence that the actions of unique properties of silica surface on the cell membrane are the starting point of silicotic processes. This paper summarizes literature on chemical properties of silica surface, and the effect of particle size on silica toxicity. This paper also discusses the ways in which silica dusts are though to interact with the cell membrane, with emphasis on freshness, hydrogen bonding, and free-radical interactions.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The purpose of work is systematical studying of benzo (B) of thiophene-1,1-dioxides and their 2,3-di-hydro derivatives behaviour in the reactions of electrophflic, radical, nucleophilic nitration, reduction of nitro group, embodiment of synthesis of N-amino derivatives, investigation of sulfur containing hetero-cyclic compounds, including of residues of some steroids

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We demonstrate the nonuniqueness of the basic assumptions leading to spiral structure in self-propagating star formation models. Even in the case where star formation occurs purely spontaneously and does not propagate, we have generated spiral structure by adopting the radically different assumption where star formation is systematically inhibited.

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There have been no radically new commercial bulk explosives since Atlas Powder Company's introduction of emulsions onto the market in 1968. But the effectiveness, safety and management of these familiar explosives is continuously being improved by the development of blast design techniques, explosives delivery and initiation systems, and monitoring methods. The author looks at developments in blasting technology and discusses experiences with Handibulk emulsion delivery systems.

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The introduction of CT scan and, more recently, magnetic resonance imaging, has radically changed the diagnostic approach to tumors developed in the internal auditory canal and cerebellopontine angle. CT scan with intravenous injection visualizes tumors lying in the cerebellopontine angle. Magnetic resonance imaging, especially using gadolinium, is a very accurate means for diagnosing tumors of both the auditory canal and cerebellopontine angle.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract High Post-Modernism with its understanding of the significance of the image anticipated the flattening of culture, first in advertising and the printed media, and more recently online. Sam Jacob of FAT speculates on architecture's relationship with the Internet, -a flatland of undifferentiated information-, and how Radical Post-Modernism might be best placed to resist the ubiquity of global culture while reanimating the social and cultural agenda of Modernism and Post-Modernism. Copyright 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Phase relations in the ternary system Ce-Pd-Si have been established for the isothermal section at 800 deg. C based on X-ray powder diffraction and EMPA techniques on about 130 alloys, which were prepared by arc-melting under argon or powder reaction sintering. Eighteen ternary compounds have been observed to participate in the phase equilibria at 800 deg. C. Atom order was determined by direct methods from X-ray single-crystal counter data for the crystal structures of #tau#_8-Ce_3Pd_4Si_4 (U_3Ni_4Si_4-type, Immm; a=0.41618(1), b=0.42640(1), c=2.45744(7) nm), #tau#_1_6-Ce_2Pd_1_4Si (own structure type, P4/nmm; a=0.88832(2), c=0.69600(2) nm) and also for #tau#_1_8-CePd_1_-_xSi_x (x=0.07; FeB-type, Pnma; a=0.74422(5), b=0.45548(3), c=0.58569(4) nm). Rietveld refinements established the atom arrangement in the structures of #tau#_5-Ce_3PdSi_3 (Ba_3Al_2Ge_2-type, Immm; a=0.41207(1), b=0.43026(1), c=1.84069(4) nm) and ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Based on the Weinberg-Salam theory, the competition of the Neutrino Energy Loss (NEL) rates due to the pair, photo- and plasma process are canvassed. The ratio factor C1, C2 and C3 which correspond the different contributions of the pair, photo- and plasma neutrino process to those of the total NEL rates are accurately taken into account. The ratio factors are very sensitive to the temperature and density. The ratio factor C2 always is lower than the ratio factor C1 and C3. The pair NEL process is the dominant contribution before the crossed point O(C1=C3=0.45) and the plasma NEL process will be the main dominant contribution after the crossed point O. With increasing temperature, the crossed point O will move to the direction of higher density. (authors)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The effect of high energy neutron (E greater than 1 MeV) irradiation at 60"0C on the superconducting critical temperature, T/sub c/, the upper critical field, H/sub c2/, the lattice parameter, a_0, and the degree of Long Range Order has been measured for Nb and V based A-15 superconducting compounds. Large reductions in T/sub c/"0 and H/sub c2/ are observed for fluences up to 5.0 x 10"1"9 n/cm"2. For Nb_3Al, a_0 increases and the degree of Long Range Order is significantly reduced as T/sub c/ is depressed. Results are discussed in terms of atomic ordering in the A-15 structure.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Two grades of WC-10wt.%Co cemented carbide with or without addition of Cr3C2/VC grain growth inhibitor during liquid phase sintering were produced with the goal to investigate their reciprocating sliding friction and wear behaviour against WC-6wt.%Co cemented carbide under unlubricated conditions. The tribological characteristics were obtained on a Plint TE77 tribometer using distinctive normal contact loads. The generated wear tracks were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and quantified topographically using surface scanning equipment. The post-mortem obtained wear volumes were compared to the online assessed wear. Correlations between wear volume, wear rate and coefficient of friction on the one hand and sliding distance and microstructural properties on the other hand were determ...

Science.gov (United States)

W. E. B. Du Bois, one of the brightest lights in African American history, wrote a sparkling critique of the American social and economic system originally planned as part of the Bronze Booklets series, edited and published by Alain Locke and the Associates in Negro Folk Education. The piece was never published and has, until now, been lost to the annals of adult education history. Using historical evidence, the authors examine Du Bois's Basic American Negro Creed and the circumstances that led to its exclusion from the series. It is argued that the Creed was far too radical for the liberal minded Carnegie Corporation and its leaders who were only interested in accommodating adult education for Blacks through the AAAE funded Bronze Booklets. The exclusion of the Creed represents an example of repressive tolerance by the AAAE.

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A number of amines can be employed for all volatile treatment (AVT) of steam generator (SG) systems of nuclear power reactors. These amines form complexes with Cu{sup 2+} and Ni{sup 2+} ions which come into water due to corrosion. The redox reactions of a number of Cu(II)-AVT amine complexes and the stability of the transient species formed have been studied by pulse radiolysis technique. Rate constants for the reaction of e{sub aq}{sup -} with a number of Cu(II)-amine complexes have been determined by following the decay of e{sub aq}{sup -} absorption. Stability of Cu(I)-amine complexes was studied by following the kinetics of the bleaching signal formed at the {lambda}{sub max} of the Cu(II) amine complex. Except for Cu(I)-triethanolamine complex all other Cu(I)-amine complexes were found to be stable. One-electron oxidation of Cu(II) amine complexes was studied using azidyl radicals for the oxidation reaction as OH radicals react with the ...

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A measurement of the t{bar t} production cross section at {radical}s = 1.96 TeV in the dilepton final states using a lepton+track selection and secondary vertex b-tagging is presented. One of the two leptons from the decay of the t{bar t} pair is allowed to be identified only as an isolated track to improve the selection efficiency. The result is combined with a measurement in the t{bar t} {yields} e{mu} final state. The measurements are based on 370 pb{sup -1} of data collected with the D0 experiment at the Tevatron collider. The preliminary cross section obtained in the combined lepton+track and e{mu} channel is: {sigma}{sub t{bar t}} = 8.6{sub -1.7}{sup +1.9}(stat) {+-} 1.1(syst) {+-} 0.6(lumi) pb.

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This invention is a manufacturing method of a metal-hydrogen alkali battery cell consisting of a positive electrode of metal oxides, alkaline electrolyte solution and a separator containing an amide-radical, wherein the above treating solution is aqueous solution of KOH (or NaOH) which is heated at least at 40 centigrade and the separator is first immersiion-treated and then water-washed and dried. The amide-radical-containing separaator uses a nylon non-woven fabrics. Average molecular weight of nylon 66 is 12,000 - 20,000. In this invention, in order to improve the storage ability and the cycle characteristics which are caused by corrosion of a separator which takes place in the cell after its assembly, the separator is immersed in a hot alkali in order to obtain a non-woven fabric of nylon 66 consisting of alkali-stable high molecular weight portion, which is assembled into a battery. By this, the dissolving of the non-woven fabric and the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The EUROTRAC sub-project ''Tropospheric Ozone Research'' (TOR) follows a dual strategy: - Observation of the chemical processes contributing to the oxygen balance directly in the atmosphere; - Establishment of a validated data base for model calculations. Both tasks require simultaneous measurements of a wide range of chemical and meteorological components. In the case of the investigation of the chemical processes, it is also desirable to measure the free radicals directly involved in ozone production. In the project described, a measuring station was set up. For a period of two years and a half, continuous measurements were made of ozone and its chemical precursors (NO, NO_2, NO_y, VOC, CO), as well as other photooxidants (H_2O_2 and organic hydroperoxides, organic nitrates), the photolysis frequency of NO_2, and meteorological parameters (wind, temperature, moisture, aerosols). The station was located on the Schauinsland mountain in the southern Black Forest, at ...

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The Green-Chasman lattice, which is the basis for both NSLS storage rings, was conceived with insertion devices in mind. Long, field-free straight sections were provided in the design. The electron optics were chosen so that these sections had zero dispersion and the effects of new magnetic structures placed in these regions would have minimal effect on the emittance of the electron beam. This design concept has been followed by all high-brightness rings which were built subsequent to the NSLS. The X-Ray Ring straight sections also have a very small vertical {beta} function, in addition to the zero dispersion. This was done to optimize the brightness of wiggler sources. There is a further benefit however. The {beta} function determines the beam size and divergence at a particular point in the storage ring lattice. The size is proportional to {radical}{beta} and the divergence is proportional to 1/{radical}{beta}. Thus the electron beam is very ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The addition of paraquat (methyl viologen) to a growing culture of Escherichia coli K-12 led within 1 hr to a 10- to 20-fold increase in the level of endonuclease IV, a DNase for apurinic/apyrimidinic sites. The induction was blocked by chloramphenicol. Increases of 3-fold or more were also seen with plumbagin, menadione, and phenazine methosulfate. H_2O_2 produced no more than a 2-fold increase in endonuclease IV activity. The following agents had no significant effect: streptonigrin, nitrofurantoin, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, #gamma# rays, 260-nm UV radiation, methyl methanesulfonate, mitomycin C, and ascorbate. Paraquat, plumbagin, menadione, and phenazine methosulfate are known to generate superoxide radical anions via redox cycling in vivo. A mutant lacking superoxide dismutase was unusually sensitive to induction by paraquat. In addition, endonuclease IV could be induced by merely growing the mutant in pure O_2. The levels of endonuclease IV in uninduced or ...

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We present a systematic analysis of backward pion photoproduction for the reactions {gamma}p{yields}{pi}{sup 0}p and {gamma}p{yields}{pi}{sup +}n. Regge phenomenology is applied at invariant collision energies above 3GeV in order to fix the reaction amplitude. A comparision with older data on {pi}{sup 0}- and {pi}{sup +}-photoproduction at {theta}=180 indicates that the high-energy limit as given by the Regge calculation could be reached possibly at energies of around {radical}(s){approx_equal}3 GeV. In the energy region of {radical}(s){<=}2.5 GeV, covered by the new measurements of {gamma}p{yields}{pi}{sup 0} p differential cross-sections at large angles at ELSA, JLab, and LEPS, we see no clear signal for a convergence towards the Regge results. The baryon trajectories obtained in our analysis are in good agreement with those given by the spectrum of excited baryons. (orig.)

Science.gov (United States)

The synthesis and structural characterization of a novel In(III) complex is described. The reaction

Science.gov (United States)

... 041889 Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Three Novel Lysozyme-Like Genes, Predominantly Expressed in the Male Reproducti...

Science.gov (United States)

... Accession Number : ADD331250. Title : Characterizing Differential Air-Core Eddy Current Probes. Corporate Author : Personal ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundA mycovirus previously identified in brown discolored fruiting bodies of the cultivated mushroom Flammulina velutipes was characterized. We tentatively...Full Text Available

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The reactions of native bovine catalase with superoxide and solvated electrons have been investigated using three different methods for generating these reducing substrates: [gamma]-radiolysis of oxygenated or deaerated buffer solutions in the presence of an OH radical scavenger; either xanthine or acetaldehyde with xanthine oxidase; and low-temperature (77 K) [gamma]-radiolysis of buffered ethylene glycol/water solutions with subsequent annealing of samples at 183 K. (Author).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Purpose: We present an update analysis of the multiinstitutional Ewing's sarcoma study CESS 86. Methods and Materials: From January 1986 through June 1991, 177 patients with localized Ewing's sarcoma of bone, aged 25 years or less, were recruited. Chemotherapy consisted of four 9-week courses of vincristine, actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide, and adriamycin (VACA) in low-risk tumors (extremity tumors =# 100 cm"3). Local therapy was an individual decision in each patient and was either radical surgery (amputation, wide resection) or resection plus postoperative irradiation with 45 Gy or definitive radiotherapy with 60 Gy (45 Gy plus boost). Irradiated patients were randomized concerning the type of fractionation in either conventional fractionation (once daily 1.8-2.0 Gy, break of chemotherapy) or hyperfractionated split-course irradiation simultaneously with the VACA/VAIA chemotherapy (twice daily 1.6 Gy, break of 12 days after 22.4 Gy and 44.8 Gy, total dose and ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This short communication aims to update the review of non-nitro radiation sensitizers (Shenoy and Singh 1985) and correct omissions. Work is mentioned and bibliography given for studied of cis-platinum, potassium permanganate, cobalt hexammine, sodium bromide, dimethylsulphoxide, zinc and copper ions, organic nitroxyl free radicals (TAN,TMPN and NPPN + PNAP), halogenated pyrimidines, organic and inorganic iodine containing compounds, diacetyl, acetone and acetophenone, rho-hydrobenzoic acid and its esters, pentobarbitone and secobarbitone, heparin and 9-anilinoacridines, dehydropiandosterone and paraquat. (U.K.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nano-materials in which a large fraction of atoms resides within a few atomic layers near the surface can be designed to have novel properties by manipulating their surface parameters. We show that the effective elastic constants of nano-porous/cellular materials can be made to exceed those of the parent materials provided the pore surface elastic parameters satisfy certain conditions. These stiff nano-porous materials herald a radical breakthrough in sandwich-type construction.

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Decomposition yields of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC.HCl) and chlorotetracycline hydrochloride (ClTC.HCl) in methanol solution saturated with Ar or N/sub 2/O were determined. Rate constants of the reaction esub(s)/sup -/ with some antibiotics were obtained. It was demonstrated by /sup 1/H NMR that the radical formed by degradation of 7-C-Cl group is recombined with the H atoms leading to ClTC.HCl being converted into tetracycline hydrochloride (TC.HCl).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The author presents a new technique for production of yellow cake with double precipitation, thus solving a series of problems for precipitating uranium with traditional double precipitation. The new technique can not only remove ferric ions and sulfate radicals but also make solid-liquid separation easy, utilize effectively the sulfuric acid produced in ferric ions precipitation process, and increase uranium concentration of leaching liquor. To take it as producing yellow cake will save investment, simplify operation, and cut down the consumption of raw materials and energies. It is more competitive than ion-exchange or solvent extraction in the process of extracting-purifying and preparing yellow cake.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The water soluble, photolabile nitrene precursor, azidonaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid (ANDS) was encapsulated in small unilamellar, isoelectric (egg PC) or negatively charged (egg PC + dihexadecylphosphate) liposomes. The individual and combined effects of heme-proteins and UV irradiation on the fluorescence of these vesicles under aerobic conditions were studied. Consistent with the catalytic action of heme-proteins on lipid peroxidation and peroxide decomposition, addition of cytochrome c (positively charged) or catalase (negatively charged) to the vesicles elicited immediate formation of a fluorescence band at 470 nm, characteristic of Schiff bases that form from aldehyde byproducts of decomposing hydroperoxides. Ultraviolet irradiation of liposomes caused no significant changes in the fluorescence spectrum, in spite of the radiolysis of ANDS inside the vesicles with consequent formation of nitrene radicals. When isoelectric vesicles were irradiated with UV ...

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The atmospheric chemical behaviour of 2H-Heptafluoropropane (CF[sub 3]CHFCF[sub 3], HFC-227) with respect to its rate and mechanism of degradation in the troposphere has been investigated. The rate coefficient for the reaction of HFC-227 with OH radicals has been determined in direct time resolved experiments using a combination of laser-pulse initiation and LIF. In the temperature range T=298-463 K the Arrhenius expression k(T)=(3.8[+-]0.8) 10[sup -13] exp(-1596[+-]77 K/T) cm[sup 3]/s, which corresponds to k (298 K) = (1.8[+-]0.3) 10[sup -15] cm[sup 3]/s, was found. The mechanism of the atmospheric degradation of HFC-227 has been investigated using both, laser-pulse initiated/time resolved and UV photolysis/FTIR product studies. It is concluded that the major carbonyl products are CF[sub 3]COF and CF[sub 2]O which result from the decomposition of the oxy radical CF[sub 3]CF(O)CF[sub 3] by C-C bound fission. The rate coefficient for this ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The reactions of tetraphenylphosphonium ion (Ar_4P"+) with esub(aq)"-, H atoms and OH radicals have been investigated. The absorption spectra of three transient species were obtained. Ar_4Psup(.) radicals formed by the reaction: Ar_4P"+ + esub(aq)"- #-># Ar_4Psup(.) have a maximum absorption at 305 nm [epsilon _3_0_5 = (9400 +- 300)dm"3mol"-"1cm"-"1] and decays by second-order kinetics with the rate constant 2k = (2.7 +- 0.4) x 10"9dm"3mol"-"1s"-"1. H atoms and OH radicals form transient adducts to the phenyl groups of the Ar_4P"+ ion with the rate constants of (1.5 +- 0.3) x 10"9 dm"3mol"-"1s"-"1 and (3.0 +- 0.3) x 10"9dm"3mol"-"1s"-"1, respectively. Both adducts have broad absorption spectra at 300 approximately 380 nm (lambdasub(max) = 340 nm) with the molar extinction coefficients epsilonsub(340) = 5400 +- 300 dm"3mol"-"1cm"-"1 for the H adduct and epsilonsub(340) = 3500 +- 200 dm"3mol"-"1cm"-"1 for the OH adduct. ...

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Gamma-irradiation of isolated rat liver mitochondria with up to 475 Gy leading to hydrated electrons (G = 1.9, corrected for reaction with solutes), 30 Gy leading to carbohydrate radicals, (G = 5.6), 100 Gy leading to superoxide radicals (G = 6.2), and 130 Gy leading to formate radicals (G = 6.2) showed no effects on the rate of oxygen uptake in various respiratory states, the respiratory control ratio, or the adenosine diphosphate to atomic oxygen ratio. Typical values were 0.020-0.100 nmol O/sub 2/ s/sup -1/ mg protein/sup -1/ for State 1 respiration, 0.25-0.33 nmol O/sub 2/ s/sup -1/ mg protein/sup -1/ for State 4 respiration and 0.65-1.10 nmol O/sub 2/ s/sup -1/ mg protein/sup -1/ for State 3 respiration. Typical respiratory control ratios ranged from 2.0-3.5 for succinate and 4.0-6.5 for a 1:1 glutamate: malate substrate mixture. Adenosine diphosphate to atomic oxygen ratios with succinate as substrate varied from 1.6 ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The dependence of Tsub(c) on composition and deformation is calculated and compared with the corresponding dependence for Tsub(m). It is shown that superconducting and structural properties of A-15 compounds can be described, at least qualitatively, by the quasi-one-dimensional model previously developed by the authors. The superconductivity mechanism is assumed to be analogous to the BCS theory. The upper critical field Hsub(c2) of the V_3Si or Nb_3Sn compounds is found to be much greater than that in V or Nb.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The positive control function of the bacterial enhancer-binding protein NtrC resides in its central domain, which is highly conserved among activators of c2;⁵⁴ holoenzyme. Previous...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

1 The decreased binding of drugs and dyes to plasma proteins from male and female rats with acute renal failure has been investigated using equilibrium dialysis at 37 degrees C. 2 Acute renal failure...Full Text Available

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No abstract prepared.

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The production of ozone in a negative corona discharge fed by carbon dioxide with embedded traces of oxygen and water has been studied. The presence of traces of oxygen in both pure and dry CO_2 leads to an increase in nascent ozone concentrations. In contrast, traces of water vapour (0-800 ppm) are shown to rapidly suppress ozone concentrations with the largest decreases being observed at lowest gas pressures in the discharge (300 Torr). The presence of water vapour did not considerably affect the electrical properties of negative dc corona suggesting that a chemical process is responsible for the ozone loss. We have shown that the addition of water up to a concentration of 1500 ppm has only a marginal effect on the processes of ozone formation but the catalytic cycle of ozone destruction involving OH radicals can be the reason for observed decrease in the total ozone concentration with increasing water concentration.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Women treated of localised stages of cervix cancer have a very good prognosis. But do health care professionals have a tendency to underestimate the potential need for rehabilitation of this group? To be able to answer this question this study aimed to develop knowledge concerning these women's own perception of their health during a long period after surgical cancer treatment. A total of 398 women who underwent radical hysterectomy in the period from the 1 January 1983 to 31 December 2000 participated in the study at Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby in Denmark 2001-2003. All patients initially filled in an internally validated questionnaire. Subsequently a sample of 100 women filled in the questionnaires Short Form -36 and Sense of Coherence to evaluate their self-reported health. Analy...

Science.gov (United States)

uv irradiation (365 nm) of air-saturated methanol solutions of 20 drugs absorbing in the 300 to 400 nm region gave rise to oxygen uptake, as determined with a polarographic oxygen electrode. The drugs were tested for photosensitizing capability by either a Type I (free radical) or a Type II (single molecular oxygen) mechanism. This testing was done by the inclusion of either acrylamide or 2,5-dimethylfuran in the irradiated drug solution, with observation of the subsequent polymerization or oxidation, respectively. Phenothiazine and thiazide derivatives appear capable of photosensitization by both mechanisms; promethazine, trifluoperazine, and furosemide show relatively high reactivity. Diazepam (weak), hexachlorophene, aminacrine, pyrilamine, tetracycline, demeclocyline, quinine, and anthracene (strong) react only by a Type II mechanism, with a photosensitizing efficiency increasing in the order given. A correlation appears to exist with reports of in vivo ...

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A three-dimensional, continuous-energy, coupled neutron-gamma Monte Carlo model of the advanced neutron source (ANS) final preconceptual reference core design has been developed using MCNP Version 3b. This model contains the reactor core with control rods, the heavy-water reflector tank with shutdown rods and representative beam tubes, and the outer light-water poor. Eighty homogenized fuel zones per fuel element are used to represent the radical and axial {sup 235}U fuel grading. This model is the most sophisticated, physically accurate reactor physics model of the ANS currently available. The purpose of this summary is to demonstrate the MCNP methods and applications for the ANS.

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New market based approaches are becoming increasingly important as instruments of environmental policy. The two main market approaches, i.e., transferable pollution permits (experimented in America), and 'green' energy surcharges (European philosophy), are described and discussed. An analysis of information on their state of implementation shows that, in the case of the former method, the greatest sources of difficulty arise in the determination of acceptable ceiling levels of emissions, in the distribution of permits among the various polluting firms, and in the legality of granting rights to pollute. Instead, the European experience has evidenced that energy surcharges motivated by environmental policy cannot have an appreciable positive impact on consumers or the economic system in general unless they are accompanied by well defined measures geared towards the promotion or creation of alternative solutions such as to stimulate radical change in ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

We investigate how, and to what extent, morphological complexity of the language influences text classification using support vector machines (SVM). The Croatian-English parallel corpus provides the basis for direct comparison of two languages of radically different morphological complexity. We quantified, compared, and statistically tested the effects of morphological normalisation on SVM classifier performance based on a series of parallel experiments on both languages, carried over a large scale of different feature subset sizes obtained by different feature selection methods, and applying different levels of morphological normalisation. We also quantified the trade-off between feature space size and performance for different levels of morphological normalisation, and compared the resul...

Science.gov (United States)

An organic inhibitor for acid corrosion inhibition is described. The inhibitor is a condensation product of a mixture of diethyl- and dibutyl-thiourea with hexamethylenetatramine. This condensation product is preferably made by reacting a mixture of diethyl- and dibutyl-thiourea, in a weight ratio of from 1:5 to 5:1, with 0.1 to 1 mole of hexamethylene tetramine per mole of the thiourea mixture, at temperatures of from 100 to 150 C. It is possible to modify this by using other organic thiourea derivatives containing organic radicals (aliphatic or aromatic) having up to 10 carbon atoms, for example, ditoluyl-thiourea, in addition to the mixture of diethyl- and dibutyl-thiourea, but the amount by weight of these other derivatives must not exceed 20% of the diethyl-dibutyl-thiourea mixture. The advantages of the inhibitor are observed mainly when it is used in hydrofluoric acid solutions. 6 claims.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

ObjectivesTo assess the influence of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on the efficacy of ionizing radiation on prostate cancer cells because of the increased use of dietary interventions, especially by patients with prostate cancer. Radiotherapy is used to treat localized prostate cancer. Some people consume green tea (EGCG) as a chemopreventive agent against prostate cancer. Green tea can act as an antioxidant and induce superoxide dismutase enzymes, which could scavenge the free oxygen radicals generated by radiotherapy. MethodsProstate cancer cell line DU145 cells were treated with EGCG or radiotherapy, or both. Cell death was assessed using trypan blue cell counting, and apoptosis was confirmed by assessing poly (adenosine phosphate ribose) polymerase cleavage. The antioxidant potenti...

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The primary charge separation in photosynthetic bacteria generates a dimeric bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) cation and a bacteriopheophytin (BPheo) anion which lie within close proximity of each other (approx. 10 A). The two radicals also lie within van der Waals contact on opposite sides of a lone BChl bridging molecule. Spectral changes in the red (Q/sub y/) band of the bridge BChls have been observed on picosecond time scales following excitation of the reaction center (RC) and have been variously attributed to the formation of a BChl anion, to a charge-transfer state, or to electrochromic effects. They present calculations here which suggest that electrochromic effects caused by the photogenerated cation and/or anion can rationalize the optical changes observed in the flash photolyses as well as in trapping experiments.

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Ionizing radiation has been used to treat poultry to remove harmful microorganisms, mainly Salmonella, which contaminates chicken, goose and other fresh and frozen poultry. This microorganism is sensitive to low dose radiation. Thus, irradiating these foods with doses between 1 to 7 kGy results in a large reduction of bacteria. Since it is necessary to determine whether irradiation has occurred and to what extend, this work studied the signal produced by ionizing radiation within the hard crystalline matrix of chicken`s bone to establish a control method. Chicken`s drumsticks were irradiated and bones separated from flesh were lyophilized and milled. ESR spectrum was then obtained. The ESR signal increased linearly with dose over the range 0.25 to 8.0 kGy. Free radicals evaluated during 30 days after irradiation showed stable in this period. (Author).

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

4-Methylcoumarins that possess two hydroxyl groups ortho to each other in the benzenoid ring have shown to have excellent antioxidant and radical-scavenging properties in different experimental models. Furthermore, they cannot be metabolized by the liver P450 monoxygenases and thus cannot form 3,4-coumarin epoxides, which are believed to be mutagenic. Herein, we present a study on the structure activity relationship of eight synthetic 4-methylcoumarins, carried out by employing a series of different chemical cell-free tests. These compounds were tested by means of three assays involving one redox reaction with the oxidant (DPPH assay, ABTS+ assay and FRAP). Other assays were employed to evaluate the antioxidant properties of the coumarins under investigation against NO, O2- and HClO, which...

CERN Document Server

Using $\\gamma \\gamma J/\\psi, J/\\psi \\ra e^+ e^-$ and $\\mu^+ \\mu^-$ events from a sample of $14.0\\times 10^6$ $\\psip$ decays collected with the BESII detector, the branching fractions for $\\psip\\ra \\pi^0\\J$, $\\eta\\J$, and $\\psi(2S)\\ar\\gamma\\chi_{c1},\\gamma\\chi_{c2}\\ar\\gamma\\gamma\\jpsi$ are measured to be $B(\\psip\\ra \\pi^0\\J) = (1.43\\pm0.14\\pm0.13)\\times 10^{-3}$, $B(\\psip\\ra \\eta\\J) = (2.98\\pm0.09\\pm0.23)%$, $B(\\psi(2S)\\ar\\gamma\\chi_{c1}\\ar\\gamma\\gamma\\jpsi) = (2.81\\pm0.05\\pm 0.23)%$, and $B(\\psi(2S)\\ar\\gamma\\chi_{c2}\\ar\\gamma\\gamma\\jpsi) = (1.62\\pm0.04\\pm 0.12)%$.

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Fe-sheathed MgB{sub 2} tapes with cheap stearic acid, Mg stearate and Zn stearate doping were prepared through the in situ powder-in-tube method. It is found that J{sub c}, H{sub irr} and H{sub c2} were significantly enhanced by doping. Compared to the pure tapes, J{sub c} for all the doped samples was improved by more than an order of magnitude in a high-field regime. At 4.2 K, the transport J{sub c} reached 2.02 x 10{sup 4} A cm{sup -2} at 10 T for the Zn stearate doped tapes and 3.72 x 10{sup 3} A cm{sup -2} at 14 T for the stearic acid doped samples, respectively. Moreover, at 20 K, H{sub irr} for the Zn stearate doped tape achieved 10 T, which is comparable to that of the commercial NbTi at 4.2 K. The improvement of J{sub c}-H properties in doped samples can be attributed to the increase of H{sub c2} resulting from the incorporation of C atoms into the MgB{sub 2} crystal lattice as well as a high ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Ferroelectric barium strontium titanate (Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3)(BST) thin films have been prepared from barium 2-ethylhexanoate [Ba[CH3(CH2)3CH(C2H5)CO2]2], strontium 2-ethylhexanoate [Sr[CH3(CH2)3CH(C2H5)CO2]2] and titanium(IV) isopropoxide [TiOCH(CH3)2]4 precursors using a modified sol-gel technique. The precursor except [TiOCH(CH3)2]4 were synthesized in the laboratory. Transparent and crack-free films were fabricated on pre-cleaned quartz substrates by spin coating. The structural and optical properties of films annealed at different temperatures have been investigated. The as-fired films were found to be amorphous that crystallized to the tetragonal phase after annealing at 550degreeC for 1h in air. The lattice constants "a" and "c" were found to be 3.974A and 3.990A, respectively. The grain...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This study addresses the solar thermal decomposition of natural gas for the co-production of hydrogen and carbon black (CB) as a high-value nano-material with the bonus of zero CO2 emission. The work focused on the development of a medium-scale solar reactor (10kW) based on the indirect heating concept. The solar reactor is composed of a cubic cavity receiver (20cm-side), which absorbs concentrated solar irradiation through a quartz window by a 9cm-diameter aperture. The reacting gas flows inside four graphite tubular reaction zones that are settled vertically inside the cavity. Experimental results in the temperature range 1740-2070K are presented: acetylene (C2H2) was the most important by-product with a mole fraction of up to about 7%, depending on the gas residence time. C2H2 content i...

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A procedure for high level tritium labelling at the C2-H position of adenosine 5`-triphosphate ([2-{sup 3}H]-ATP, 1), based on the tritiodehalogenation reaction of 2-bromoadenosine 5`-triphosphate (2) has been elaborated. This precursor was prepared in a six-step synthesis from guanosine. The tritiodehalogenation of (2) for three hours over palladium oxide in phosphate buffer yielded tritium labelled ATP with high specific activity, in good chemical yield. (author).

CERN Document Server

According to the classical Plante-Thurston Theorem, all nilpotent groups of $C^2$-diffeomorphisms of the closed interval are Abelian. Using techniques coming from the works of Denjoy and Pixton, Farb and Franks constructed a faithful action by $C^1$-diffeomorphisms of $[0,1]$ for every finitely-generated, torsion-free, non-Abelian nilpotent group. In this work, we give a version of this construction that is sharp in what concerns the H\\"older regularity of the derivatives. Half of the proof relies on results on random paths on Heisenberg-like groups that are interesting by themselves.

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Alternative mechanisms of electron state excitation in diatomic molecules are examined with reference to CN and C2 molecules forming in chemical reactions behind strong shock wave fronts in a CO(CO2)-N2 gas mixture. The temperature range considered is 4000-8000 K. An effective excitation mechanism is proposed which involves rapid vibration-rotation excitation at all electron states and nonradiative transitions between perturbed electron states induced by collisions with the ambient gas particles.

Science.gov (United States)

C C*R C" dC*9 4hC2 CX2VCTF CK/XCL` CCNA C?Q C.:FC C?v As1)Ax^IA} AyU$ =FA%WNA AfgJA Aw;ZAzg AyA!A A=!nA> CA!n/A* ? ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Subcellular-fractionation techniques were used to characterize the endocytic pathway followed by ricin in rat liver in vivo and tentatively identify the site(s) at which the ricin interchain disulphide...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The characterization of the single-chain protein in Chinese-cobra (Naja naja atra) blood serum, which yields strong specific protection against the venom of the same snake, is reported. The protein,...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundHepatitis A virus (HAV) strains detected in environmental and clinical samples were analysed to characterize the genotypes of HAV circulating in Greece. Fifty (50) sewage...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

We describe here seven cases (from five kindreds) of Anderson's disease, which is characterized by diarrhea, steatorrhea, hypobetalipoproteinemia with low levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids,...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

We have cloned and characterized the entire DNA polymerase gene and flanking regions from Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and two closely related macaque homologs of KSHV, retroperitoneal...Full Text Available

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The abstracts of all the presentations (1 plenary session, 2 keynotes, 52 oral communications, 496 posters) of the thematic session 1: 'catalyst preparation and characterization' are gathered in the CD-Rom of the conference. The main application described concerns the petroleum industry. (O.M.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In a 70kg adult man, artemether is given at a total dosage of 480mg for five days in the treatment of malarial. Using t-test analysis technique at 95% confidence interval i.e t < 0.05 and P - value = 2.26, no significant difference was observed between the average brain and cerebellar weight, the average width of cerebellar cortical layers, the density and the average size of Purkinje Cells in the control groups C1 and C2 and the experimental group E. In the present study, there were no gross or morphological differences between the two groups of animals (control and experimental groups) on day 7 at the completion of experimental procedure. A significant statistical increase in average body weight was observed in the control groups C1 (which received only standard diet and water) and C2 (which received 1.23mg/kg body weight of normal saline intramuscularly in addition to standard diet and water) from ...

CERN Document Server

Using 347.5 fb-1 of data recorded by the BABAR detector at the PEP-II electron-positron collider, 244*10^3 signal events for the D+ --> K- pi+ e+ nu_e decay channel are analyzed. This decay mode is dominated by the \\bar{K}^*(892)^0 contribution. We determine the \\bar{K}^*(892)^0 parameters: m_{K^*(892)^0}=(895.4 +- 0.2 +- 0.2) MeV/c^{2}, \\Gamma^0_{K^*(892)^0}=(46.5 +- 0.3 +- 0.2) MeV/c^{2} and the Blatt-Weisskopf parameter $r_{BW}=2.1 +- 0.5 +- 0.5 (GeV/c)^{-1} where the first uncertainty comes from statistics and the second from systematic uncertainties. We also measure the parameters defining the corresponding hadronic form factors at q^{2}=0 (r_{V} = V(0) / A_{1}(0)=1.463 +- 0.017 +- 0.031, r_{2} = A_{2}(0) / A_{1}(0) = 0.801 +- 0.020 +- 0.020) and the value of the axial-vector pole mass parameterizing the q^2 variation of A_{1} and A_{2}: m_{A}=(2.63 +- 0.10 +- 0.13) ...

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A unique mechanistic method has been developed at the NASA Glenn Research Center to

Science.gov (United States)

... MECHANICAL PROPERTIES, *COPOLYMERS, *SOFT TISSUES, *GELS, *BIOMIMETICS, ISOPRENE, WOUND BALLISTICS, STYRENE PLASTICS ...

Science.gov (United States)

... eV. In some instances the spontaneous radiation from a free electron laser system was employed to obtain images. The ...

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No abstract prepared.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The paper provides a brief description of the fuel characterization for Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR) and Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR). The development and characterization of mechanical properties of Alloy D9 clad and wrapper tubes are discussed. The problems associated with fusion welding of Alloy D9 are outlined. Non-destructive characterization of cladding tubes by optimum encircling eddy current probes, on-line and off-line neural network methods is presented. Both the on-line and off-line neural network methods could readily detect and size defects specified by the designers

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... The combustible cartridge cases currently used by the USArmy in fielded system- are manufactured by two distinct processes. ...

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Described herein is an optical probe (120) for use in characterizing surface defects in wafers, such as semiconductor wafers. The optical probe (120) detects laser light reflected from the surface (124) of the wafer (106) within various ranges of angles. Characteristics of defects in the surface (124) of the wafer (106) are determined based on the amount of reflected laser light detected in each of the ranges of angles. Additionally, a wafer characterization system (100) is described that includes the described optical probe (120).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Here we report a new method for measuring the heterogeneous chemistry of submicron organic aerosol particles using a continuous flow stirred tank reactor. This approach is designed to quantify the real time heterogeneous kinetics, using a relative rate method, under conditions of low oxidant concentration and long reaction times that more closely mimic the real atmosphere. A general analytical expression, which couples the aerosol chemistry with the flow dynamics in the chamber is developed and applied to the heterogeneous oxidation of squalane particles by hydroxyl radicals (OH) in the presence of O2. The particle phase reaction is monitored via photoionization aerosol mass spectrometry and yields a reactive uptake coefficient of 0.51+-0.10, using OH concentrations of 1-7x108 molec cdot cm-3 and reaction times of 1.5+-3 hours. This uptake coefficient is larger than that found for the reaction carried out under high OH concentrations (~;;1x1010 molec cdot cm-3) and ...

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The reactions of CF{sub 3}O radicals with (1) NO and (2) NO{sub 2} were studied using two different experimental techniques. A laser photolysis/LIF detection method was applied for measuring the rate constants as a function of temperature (T=222-302 K) and total pressure (p{sub tot}=7-107 mbar). Whereas the reaction with (1) NO was found to be independent of temperature and pressure with k{sub 1}=(4.5{+-}1.2) x 10{sup -11} cm{sup 3}s{sup -1}, the reaction with (2) NO{sub 2} was found to be dependent on both of these variables. The temperature dependence of k{sub 2} in the high pressure limit can be given by the expression k{sub 2{infinity}}{sup -}(T)=(8{+-}5) x 10{sup -13} exp ((863{+-}194) K/T) cm{sup 3}s{sup -1}. The product distributions of the two reactions were determined in separate experiments using steady-state photolysis combined with FTIR spectroscopy. For reaction (1) only CF{sub 2}O was found as a reaction product with a yield of 0.93{+-}0.10, ...

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This paper explores for the first time the post-radiation-induced-graft polymerization on solid substrate using reversible addition-fragmentation transfer (RAFT) mechanism. Radiation-induced graft polymerization onto polymers is a potentially interesting technique to create easily new materials from highly resistant polymers, e.g. surface graft polymerization of acrylic acid (AA) onto poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) improves its surface properties without losing its excellent mechanical properties. As a consequence of the radical nature of the polymerization processes it is difficult to control molecular weight of grafted chains, and therefore design and standardize the properties of the final product. RAFT polymerization is a suitable method to obtain monodisperse polymers. The ability of the RAFT agents to control the polymer chain length could be an interesting approach to improve the grafted polymers obtained by post-radiation-induced-graft polymerization ...

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A study was conducted to determine the feasibility and the opportunity of photochemical pretreatment on the biodegradation and detoxification of Methyl Tert Butyl Ether (MTBE), Ethyl Tert Butyl Ether (ETBE) and Tert Amyl Methyl Ether (TAME), the most common oxygenates used as octane enhancers in unleaded gasoline. The production, storage, uses and disposal of oxygenates result in an unknown amount of groundwater pollution. Because of their high solubility, MTBE, ETBE and TAME are detected in large portions in saturated zones of aquifers. The biodegradation of these oxygenates is difficult and slow, and information regarding their biodegradability is scarce. Photo-decomposition of oxidants under appropriate UV radiation has been shown to be very effective because the hydroxyl radicals produced possess high oxidation potential. In this study, the H{sub 2}O{sub 2}/UV process was used to generate hydroxyl radicals. Maximal oxygenates transformation ...

Science.gov (United States)

Acca sellowiana has commercial potential because of the quality and the unique flavor of its fruit. Conservation of natural populations and management of breeding programmes would benefit from the availability of molecular markers that could be used to characterize levels and distribution of genetic variability. Thus, 13 microsatellite markers were developed from an enriched genomic library of A. sellowiana. They were characterized using 40 samples. The expected and observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.513 to 0.913 and from 0.200 to 0.889, respectively. These are the first microsatellite loci characterized from A. sellowiana that will contribute to improve researches on the genetic conservation, characterization and breeding. PMID:21586063

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

During the phases of separation, treatment, conditioning and storage of radioactive waste, destructive and nondestructive methods for their characterization are needed. In order to satisfy this necessity, in the frame of the National Program of Research and Development, the 'Laboratory for characterization of spent nuclear fuel and high/medium level radioactive waste- LABORAD' was created. The purpose of the project was to accredit the analysis methods available in the laboratory, and also to develop new methods for the characterization of the radioactive waste. A special attention was paid to the high-level radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel characterization that require special facilities for handling. These facilities (e.g. hot cells, remote handlers, transport container) are already available in our institute. Experimental results and performances obtained during validation of the methods are ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

We fabricate a low noise erbium-doped fiber ring laser that can be continuously tuned over 102nm by insertion of the fiber Fabry-Perot tunable filter (FFP-TF) in the ring cavity with a novel cavity structure and the optimal gain medium length. As an application of this fiber ring laser, we performed the absorption spectroscopy of acetylene (13C2H2) and hydrogen cyanide (H13C14N) and measure the absorption spectra of more than 50 transition lines of these gases with an excellent signal to noise ratio (SNR). The pressure broadening coefficients of four acetylene transition lines are obtained using this fiber ring laser and an external cavity laser diode.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This study reports a determination of the polarity of WC facets in WC-Co alloys sintered at the liquid state. In these alloys, WC grains are delimited by basal facets and two sets of {101 0} prismatic facets, one set of facets being much more developed than the other. A variation of the shape is observed as a function of the composition of the alloy. High resolution transmission electron microscopy is used to investigate the polarity of the prismatic facets owing to the typical triangular patterns appearing on the images. The effect of the composition is investigated using two alloys with different carbon potentials and one containing VC and Cr3C2 as grain growth inhibitors. The interpretation of the images shows that in all cases, the same set of prismatic planes is favoured.

Science.gov (United States)

Two new triterpene glycosides, patagonicosides B and C (2 and 3, resp.), together with the known patagonicoside A (1), have been isolated from the EtOH extract of the sea cucumber Psolus patagonicus. The structures of the new compounds were established on the basis of extensive NMR spectroscopic analysis ((1)H- and (13)C-NMR, (1)H,(1)H-COSY, HMBC, HSQC, TOCSY, and NOESY), HR-ESI-MS data, and chemical transformations. Compounds 1-3 and their desulfated analogs showed antifungal activities against the phytopathogenic fungus Cladosporium cladosporoides in a dose-dependent fashion. PMID:21404430

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Level set method based segmentation provides an efficient tool for topological and geometrical shape handling. Conventional level set surfaces are only $C^0$ continuous since the level set evolution involves linear interpolation to compute derivatives. Bajaj et al. present a higher order method to evaluate level set surfaces that are $C^2$ continuous, but are slow due to high computational burden. In this paper, we provide a higher order GPU based solver for fast and efficient segmentation of large volumetric images. We also extend the higher order method to multi-domain segmentation. Our streaming solver is efficient in memory usage.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In globulitic gray iron (3.6 wt.% C, 2.4 wt.% Si and 0.45 wt.% Mn) the decomposition of austenite into bainite is investigated in real time using a new method based on neutron scattering. During the phase transformation transmission spectra of thermal neutrons are continuously recorded containing specific Bragg edges. Thus, the transformation is followed in-situ time resolved by evaluating the relative (micro)structural fractions of the transforming phases from the heights of the corresponding Bragg edges. The progression of the transformation is described and the results are discussed. The observed late time deviations from the Avrami law are explained by residual stresses of the second kind (homogeneous microstresses), which occur during the transformation because of the different specific volumes of the phases. ((orig.)).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

High-field magnetization properties of single crystalline CeRh{sub 2}Si{sub 2} and CePd{sub 2}Si{sub 2} were investigated. Two-step metamagnetic transition (H{sub c1}=25.4 T and H{sub c2}=26.0 T) was observed in the case of CeRh{sub 2}Si{sub 2}, whereas no anomaly was found in the magnetization process of CePd{sub 2}Si{sub 2} up to 28 T. The mean field analysis has shown that CeRh{sub 2}Si{sub 2} is quite anisotropic compared to CePd{sub 2}Si{sub 2}, which results in the sharp contrast between the magnetization processes of the two compounds.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Certain fluorocarbons, such as difluorodichloromethane (FC 12), depress the cardiovascular system by diminution of all the transmembrane ionic conductances in cardiac tissues. Does FC 12 also inhibit active transport and thus enzymatic activity and cellular energy. We measured phosphocreatine (PC), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMPc) in rat hearts. Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups; 2 control groups: one breathing a mixture of oxygen (21%) and nitrogen (79%) (group C) and the other breathing the same mixture but simultaneously perfused with 1 microgram/kg/min. epinephrine (groupe E-C); 2 trial groups T and E-T where nitrogen was replaced by FC 12. The maximal FC 12 concentration of 720 micrograms/ml in arterial blood produced no significant difference in the concentrations of these three metabolites compared with controls.

Wastenet

...Content 3a LCA Methodology - Characterisation(PDF) 3a1 BRE Response - Characterisation 3b LCA Methodology - Normalisation (PDF) 3b1 BRE Response - Normalisation 3c LCA Methodology - Weighting (PDF) 3c1 Feedback - Weighting 3c2 Weightings Exercise (PDF) 4 Specification (PDF) 4a - Functional Units Spreadsheet (Excel) 4b Specification List (Excel) 5 Energy Model (PDF) 6 Whole Life perfomance 6b Response Note To Briefing Note 6 - Whole Life Performance (PDF) 7 End-of-Life and Waste models (PDF) 7a Waste routes and rates feedback (PDF) 7b Waste Disposal Routes for Industry Consultation 7c Site Wastage Rates for Industry Consultation 8 Existing LCA ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This study illustrates the way to perform protocols, collect samples, and conduct laboratory analyses in order to characterize the physical properties of wood used in the industrial sector of the Valle de Aburra metropalitan area and the gains obtained by characterizing the properties of the most frequently used woods. In this investigation some of the most important sampling parameters are presented, such as taking samples in piles or accumulations of waste, handling of these samples in the laboratory and others of great importance such as the ignition point. the proposed methodology is based upon some of the international astm coal norms, for the similarity it has with wood and for the lack of information on sampling this type in wood

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Models of the human airways have played a major role in evaluating the health effects of inhaled radionuclides. While models such as those of Weibel (1963) provide data necessary for characterizing deposition of aerosol, they have not characterized the cells at risks in the airspaces. Given the advancements in techniques and study of cell cultures exposed to ionizing radiation there is a need to extrapolate between the simple structures of cell culture systems and the complex architecture of the human airways. The preliminary data in this paper provide a complete characterization of the size and number of cells in the airways and represents a significant advance in our study of the health consequences of exposure to inhaled radionuclides. 26 refs., 2 figs., 4 tabs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Objective of the project is characterization of electrode reactions in molten salt by using metal oxides and silica-based electrode. The scope of project are characterization of metal oxide properties in molten salt and miniaturization of 3-electrode electrochemical test cell. Electrochemical micro-cell for actinide-LiCl-KCl molten salt was newly designed. Electroless and electrochemical deposition technique was applied to Mo coating on quartz tube. From the design of electrode and 3-electrode electrochemical cell suitable for the tests in molten salt electrolyte, so it is anticipated to get the information on the electrochemical behavior of metallic electrode in molten salt and to secure the information on oxidation/reduction behavior of actinide

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Full text. Here we present a status report of the Schenberg antenna, which started commissioning runs in September 2006 under the full support of FAPESP. In its first commissioning runs we tested three preliminary parametric transducer systems, which did not achieve a high enough performance for placing the antenna sensitivity in the range of the calibrator capacitor. Instead of improving the calibrator, making it capable of introducing a larger input force, we decided to go to a radical upgrading operation: replacing the three transducers for a complete set of six transducers, with better sensitivity and arranged according to the truncated icosahedron configuration, plus two extra ones; starting to install the dilution refrigerator; installing wires, cables, and amplifiers for the complete set of transducer circuits; and a new suspension and vibration isolation system for the cabling and microstrip antennas. We also have been developing a new set of transducers, ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper summarizes substance flow analyses for four organic substances in the City of Stockholm, Sweden: diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), alkylphenolethoxylates (APEO), polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDE) and chlorinated paraffins (CP). The results indicate that the stocks of APEO, PBDE and CP all are approximately 200-250 tonnes, whereas the DEHP stock is two orders of magnitude larger. Emissions can be linked to imported consumer goods such as electronics (PBDE) and textiles (APEO), and to construction materials (DEHP, CP). For several of the substances considerable amounts remain in the technosphere for a long time, even after use of the substance in new products has been eliminated. For example, the use of DEHP as plasticizer for PVC plastics in cables and floorings has more or less been phased-out, but still these applications make up a stock of some 20,000 tonnes (85% of the total DEHP stock in Stockholm) and emit 28 tonnes of DEHP annually (93% of overall emissions). Likewise, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pretreatment of brown coal in oil was conducted using 1-methyl naphthalene or mixture of tetralin and 1-methyl naphthalene as solvent at temperatures ranging from 300 to 430{degree}C under nitrogen atmosphere. Effects of the solvent properties on the structural change of oxygen-functional groups (OFG) and coal liquefaction were investigated by means of quantitative analysis of OFG and solid state {sup 13}C-NMR measurement. When hydrogen transfer from solvent was insufficient, it was suggested that brown coal molecules loose their hydrogen to be aromatized. While, at lower temperatures ranging from 300 to 350{degree}C, hydrogen contained in brown coal molecules was consumed for the stabilization of pyrolytic radicals, and the deterioration of liquefaction was not observed. When hydrogen transfer from solvent was insufficient at higher temperatures above 400{degree}C in nitrogen atmosphere during pretreatment in oil, crosslinking like benzofuran type was formed by ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The rise of spam in the last decade has been staggering, with the rate of spam exceeding that of legitimate email. While conjectures exist on how spammers gain access to email addresses to spam, most work in the area of spam containment has either focused on better spam filtering methodologies or on understanding the botnets commonly used to send spam. In this paper, we aim to understand the origins of spam. We post dedicated email addresses to record how and where spammers go to obtain email addresses. We find that posting an email address on public Web pages yields immediate and high-volume spam. Surprisingly, even simple email obfuscation approaches are still sufficient today to prevent spammers from harvesting emails. We also find that attempts to find open relays continue to be popular among spammers. The insights we gain on the use of Web crawlers used to harvest email addresses and the commonalities of techniques used by spammers open the door for radically ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The atomic explosions in Hiroshima and Nagasaki made the name radiation itself become a nightmare. Notwithstanding this, radiation continued to serve the mankind specially in diagnosis of several human diseases and in the treatment of intractable malignancies. With their latest research tools biologists have now shown a significant shift in the earlier paradigm; even the concept that radiation initiates cancer appears to be no longer tenable. On the contrary, selective radiation doses inhibit growth of cancer cells and radiation in combination with many chemotherapeutic drugs, radiosensitizing chemicals and/or hyperthermia, is emerging as a new modality for cancer treatment which offers high therapeutic advantages. In addition, the deleterious effects of radiation can now be strategically counter poised by the use of many drugs and chemicals. This has been possible by the newer insights gained in the mechanism of biological effects of radiation. The fate of radiation-induced free ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Radiation damage studies have been carried out on undoped and CrO_4"2"- doped potassium and ammonium alums. The optical absorption bands observed around 27100 and 36500 cm"-"1 before irradiation have been attributed to the transitions t_1 #-># e and t_1 #-># t_2, on the basis of Ball-hausen and Liehr scheme. On prolonged X-irradiation, these bands disappear in both the alums and three new bands seem to grow in ammonium alum while only two new bands could be seen in potassium alum. EPR studies at RT reveal that there are two lines at g = 2.004 and g = 2.010 in ammonium alum and only one line at g = 2.004 in potassium alum. Besides these two nearly isotropic lines, there is a set of lines around g = 1.95 in both the alums. Correlating the optical and EPR studies it is concluded that SO_3"- and O_3"- centres have formed on X-irradiation in ammonium alum while only SO_3"- seems to have formed in potassium alum. The most important feature is the formation of a new paramagnetic ...