International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Full text of publication follows: Fission neutron irradiation to steels doped with isotope boron-10 is frequently conducted to study effects of the helium production on mechanical properties. The intrinsic mechanical properties of F82H steels could have been changed due to the boron doping. Recently, we reported that co-doping with boron and nitrogen to F82H (F82H+B+N) improved the mechanical properties of F82H doped only with boron. The mechanical properties of F82H+B+N are successfully comparable with the non-doped F82H before irradiation. In order to evaluate the effects of initial microstructure and helium production on radiation hardening, F82H and F82H+B+N were irradiate d Specimens used in this study were standard F82H martensitic steels, F82H steels ...

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The performance of binary geothermal power plants can be improved through the proper choice of a working fluid, and optimization of component designs and operating conditions. This paper reviews the investigations at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) which are examining binary cycle performance improvements: for moderate temperature (350 to 400 F) resources with emphasis on how the improvements may be integrated into design of binary cycles. These investigations are examining performance improvements resulting from the supercritical vaporization of mixed hydrocarbon working fluids and achieving countercurrent integral condensation with these fluids, as well as the modification of the turbine inlet state points to achieve supersaturated turbine vapor expansions. For resources where the brine outlet temperature is restricted, the use of turbine exhaust recuperators is examined. The baseline ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The structure of the P-2, S-1 accelerator mode with one step, S-1, on double period, P-2 for systems, described by the Harper mapping as well as by standard mapping, is analyzed. Detailed analysis of stability criteria is given and comparison with the results of numerical analysis is performed. Three-period compression of the P-2, S-1 island is revealed in the standard mapping. Refs. 7, figs. 7.

Science.gov (United States)

... of Robert J. Braun, Jesse M. Jenson, and Daniel J. Thompson with plot establishment and field data collection. We ... ...

Science.gov (United States)

This data set consists of land derived from high resolution imagery and was analyzed according to the Coastal Change ... ...

Science.gov (United States)

This data set consists of land derived from high resolution imagery and was analyzed according to the Coastal Change ... ...

Science.gov (United States)

The report consist of the following appendices: A. Cost annualization model; B. Facility level analysis; C. Market model methodology; D. Summary of Demand and Supply Elasticity Literature; E. Sensitivity analysis; and F. Cost effectiveness analysis.

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The visual impact of wind turbines is one of the main factors affecting public acceptance of wind parks. This paper evaluates the visual impact of a wind park in Chania, Crete, using the Spanish method of evaluation. The outcomes are combined with the psychometric testing of the residents by the use of questionnaires and with the values of the Spanish method about various scenarios concerning the size of the wind park (double, half, one wind turbine). The results of the study prove that the quantification of the potential visual impact could minimize this, apparently, main reason that affects public acceptance. (author)

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During the present project the mechanisms of generation of low frequency noise (LFN) for upwind rotors has been investigated. A 3.6 MW turbine has been simulated with a noise prediction model from NASA in US. Running the model on this turbine a number of important turbine design parameters with influence on the LFN have been identified as well as other parameters not linked to the turbine design. Of important parameters can be mentioned 1) rotor rotational speed, 2) blade/tower clearance, 3) rotor configuration - upwind/downwind, 4) unsteadiness/turbulence in inflow. Further, the directivity characteristics of LFN has been computed as well as reduction in noise as function of distance from the turbine. In general low levels of LFN has been computed for the upwind rotor in standard configuration. (au)

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In large samples, the {gamma}-ray count rate of a prompt gamma neutron activation analysis system is a multi-variable function of the elemental dry composition, density, water content and thickness of the material. The experimental calibration curves require tremendous laboratory work, using a great number of standards with well-known compositions. Although a Monte Carlo simulation study does not avoid the experimental calibration work, it reduces the number of experimental calibration standards. This paper is part of a feasibility study for a PGNAA system for on-line continuous characterisation of cement raw material conveyed on a belt (Oliveira, C., Salgado, J. and Carvalho, F. G. (1997) Optimisation of PGNAA instrument design for cement raw materials using the MCNP code. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 216(2), 191-198; Oliveira, C., Salgado, J., Goncalves, I. F., ...

Science.gov (United States)

An indicator of when the learning curve reaches a standard is when fuel consumption remains relatively ...... f4 7'tI. 1.i7J43t. F ,oo,. , F17i [ !i ...

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The German state of Sachsen is a synonym for brown coal production. The elections to the state parliament will decide the future of this echnology and of climate protection strategies like renewable energy sources. A renewables fraction of 82 percent of renewables-derived electric power may be possible by 2020. (orig.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Steam turbines have reached a high level of technology. Development projects, leading to further improvement of turbines or to new concepts, usually last several years. Turbine manufacturers have therefore already been dealing with the question of market requirements in the 80's for some time. Developments in this decade will be marked less by the need for higher turbine ratings than by the necessity to increase efficiency and improve availability. Only in this way can the considerable increases in fuel costs be effectively countered. Improvements stemming from the steam process must be utilized to a large extent. However, plant availability sets a limit on these endeavours. The application of knowledge gained in the last years, in the field of materials research and numerical methods for problems of flow and mechanical engineering, will make it possible to optimize dimensioning and design of steam ...

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This document includes the following topics: Background; Data Collection; Scope/Applicability of the Proposed Regulation; Description of the Industry; Industry Subcategorization; Pollutants of Concern for the Centralized Waste Treatment Industry; Pollutants Selected for Regulation; Wastewater Treatment Technologies; Regulatory Options Considered and Selected for Basis of Regulation; Long-Term Averages, Variability Factors, and Limitations and Standards; Cost of Treatment Technologies; Pollutant Loading and Removal Estimates; Non-Water Quality Impacts; Implementation; Analytical Methods and Baseline Values; List of Definitions; List of Acronyms; Appendix A--Pollutant Groups; Appendix B--Listing of Characerization Data From Non-Hazardous Oils Facilities; Appendix C--Listing of Daily Influent and Effluent Measuements; Appendix D--Facility-Specific Compliance Costs; Appendix E--Attachements to Chapter 10; and Appendix ...

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Studies of basic binary geothermal cycles utilizing mixtures of hydrocarbons have shown better performance than for pure fluids for a moderate temperature (360/sup 0/F) resource. However, a loss is net geofluid effectiveness (watt-hours net plant output/1bm geofluid) results when the geofluid outlet temperature is limited to temperatures in excess of 160/sup 0/F to alleviate a silica precipitation problem. This study examined three working fluids consisting of binary mixtures of hydrocarbons to see if use of regenerative preheating techniques such as turbine exhaust recupation and/or turbine bleed could recover the loss in geofluid effectiveness for a 160/sup 0/F geofluid outlet temperature. Results showed that with the most promising of the three working fluids a turbine exhaust recuperator alone is sufficient to recover all the lost effectiveness while ...

Science.gov (United States)

lytical Comparison of Turbine-Blade Cooling System Designed for a. TurboJet Engine Operat- at Supersonic Speed and Altitude. I1 -. Air-C~Oling Systems. ...

Science.gov (United States)

The MgF{sub 2} monocrystals were irradiated at room temperature with 390 keV B{sup +} ions up to the fluence of 10{sup 16} cm{sup -2}. The irradiated samples were (isochronally and isothermally) annealed in high vacuum at the temperatures 200 deg. C, 300 deg. C, 400 deg. C, 500 deg. C, 600 deg. C and 700 deg. C for the times ranging from 2-100 hours. After each annealing step, the boron depth distribution was determined using the neutron depth profiling technique. As implanted, the depth distributions of boron exhibited standard Gaussian-like forms, but the evaluated profile parameters, R{sub P} = 960 nm and {delta}R{sub P} = 140 nm, were higher than those calculated using the SRIM code (R{sub P} = 870 nm and {delta}R{sub P} = 115 nm). Annealing at temperatures up to 400 deg. C did not change the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

[F-18]FDG PET brain imaging is an accurate predictor of primary brain tumor grading and prognosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate simplified [F-18]FDG PET metabolic indices as indicators of proliferative activity of brain tumor cells. Twenty-five patients with glioma were studied with [F-18]FDG PET. From the tissue radioactivity ratios, following tumor metabolic indices were calculated: 1) the tumor-to-whole brain ratio (T/WB), 2) the ratio of tumor-to-contralateral gray matter at the level of centrum semiovale (T/GM), 3) the ratio of tumor-to-contralateral white matter at the level of centrum semiovale (T/WM), 4) the tumor-to-ipsilateral cerebella ratio (T/iCB) and 5) the tumor-to-contralateral cerebellar ratio (T/cCB). A standardized threshold method was used to define ROIs in the tumor areas having representative metabolic activites. Correlations of the tumor metabolic ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Studies have shown that binary geothermal cycles utilizing mixed-hydrocarbon working fluids can result in better performance than those utilizing pure fluids for moderate temperature (360F) resources. However, a loss in net geofluid effectiveness results when the geofluid outlet is limited to temperatures in excess of 160F to alleviate potential silica precipitation. This study examined three mixed-hydrocarbon working fluids to see if use of regenerative preheating techniques such as turbine exhaust recuperation and/or turbine bleed could recover this loss. Results showed that with the most promising of the three working fluids, a turbine-exhaust recuperator alone is sufficient to recover all the lost effectiveness while maintaining the geofluid outlet temperature at 160F. A brief study to investigate cold weather operation with the recuperator showed no major ...

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The growth of thin Pd[sub 2]Si films on Si(111) surfaces is studied using [ital in] [ital situ] transmission electron microscope under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. No immediate reaction of deposited Pd with Si is observed at room temperature. At [similar to]200 [degree]C, uniform Pd[sub 2]Si films can be formed. The thin Pd[sub 2]Si films are found to grow into strained islands at elevated temperatures. Interfacial misfit dislocations associated with interfacial steps propagate across the strained islands, causing the islands to grow layer-by-layer at the interface. The strain fields associated with the misfit dislocations are believed to be responsible for this behavior.

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The authors present a search for excited and exotic muon states {mu}*, conducted using an integrated luminosity of 371 pb{sup -1} of data collected in p{bar p} collisions at {radical}s = 1.96 TeV at the Tevatron with the CDF II detector. They search for associated production of {mu}{mu}* followed by the decay {mu}* {yields} {mu}{gamma}, resulting in the {mu}{mu}{gamma} final state. They compare the data to model predictions as a function of the mass of the excited muon M{sub {mu}*}, the compositeness energy scale {Lambda}, and the gauge coupling factor f. No signal above the standard model expectation is observed in the {mu}{gamma} mass spectrum. In the contact interaction model, they exclude 107 < M{sub {mu}*} < 853 GeV/c{sup 2} for {Lambda} = M{sub {mu}*}; in the gauge-mediated model, they exclude 100 < M{sub {mu}*} < 410 GeV/c{sup 2} for f/{Lambda} = ...

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The measurement of q{sub o} is extremely important for understanding the quantity of matter in our universe. The measurement of q{sub o} using supernovae of type Ia as standard candles is appealing because it requires less modeling than other methods using galaxies. The challenge with using supernovae to measure q{sub o} is in finding enough of them. In order to find supernovas, we have constructed a very popular f/1 camera for the 3.9m Anglo-Australian Telescope. The camera uses reducing optics that put a 17 in. {times} 17 in. field on a 1024 {times} 1024 pixel Thomson CCD. Using this system, we image to 23rd magnitude in five minutes. We have developed a software package that uses image subtraction to find supernovae that are approximately magnitude 22.4 or brighter in these images. One field can be processed every 6.6 minutes on a relatively unloaded VAX 6000-6510. We estimate that this system should find one supernova in every 105--139 ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The studies undertaken by the B.C. Hydro company at the Canada showed that the existing system of hydroelectric power plants and transport cables will not be able to satisfy the increasing energy demand on the Vancouver island after 1985, and that the best solution will be the installation of a 525 kV transfer system from the continent. THe STK participated to the development and the immersion of this new system, the first in the world comprising submarine 525 kV transport parts. This paper presents the planning, the development, the submerging and the installation of two sections of submarine cable.

Science.gov (United States)

... the print queue, changing the priority of print jobs, -deleting a job from a print queue, aborting a ... "standard terminal interface" should ... f. Stochastic 27 ...

Science.gov (United States)

... MOPP I3A f. Kl Figure 12. ... Table 13 contains the means, standard deviations, and number of observations for both clothing conditions. ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Site studies for CANDU type NPP began in a careful manner since 1982 as a first part of the Nuclear Power Plant Romanian Program adopted by political and governmental authorities at the time. A team was charged to develop all packages of the necessary main studies. The first Romanian NPP CANDU 6 type reactor gone to erection on Cernavoda site, planned to have 5 units and, like Wolsong NPP, applied the same design for the nuclear island. For the BOP parts the ANSALDO-GE project was applied with a thorough concern about requirements raised by connection to NSP. The first mission of design and research multi-branch team was to adapt the NPP Cernavoda project having an open water cooling circuit 'once-through' to the new parameters of a close recirculation water cooling circuit. Also, the structural design was re-evaluated for the case of soft foundation strata instead of hard rock ones. The close recirculation water cooling circuit system was applied for PWR NPP type ...

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This chapter is concerned with standards and guidances for limiting radiation exposures. It is divided into three sections, each of which has several parts. Section 1: Ionizing Radiation -- Standards and Guidances Applicable to the Public: Part A, Radiation Protection Standards; Part B, Environmental Radiation Standards; Part C, Exempt Levels of Radioactivity; Part D, Protective Action Guides for Accidents. Section 2: Ionizing Radiation -- Standards Applicable to the Workplace. Section 3: Medical and Other Standards.

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In this study, the corrosion behavior of commercially pure titanium (c.p. Ti), Ti-6Al-4V and five new experimental Ti-Cr alloys was evaluated through open-circuit potential (OCP) and potentiodynamic polarization measurement in an artificial saliva containing fluoride. Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) was used to characterize the composition of the passive films on the alloy after potentiodynamic polarization measurement. It was found that in standard artificial saliva the OCP increases with higher Cr content in Ti-Cr alloys. In 0.5% NaF artificial saliva, the OCP decreases with decreasing Cr in Ti-Cr alloys, and all but Ti-5Cr remain consistently higher than those of c.p Ti and Ti-6Al-4V. Linear polarization results show that artificial saliva and artificial saliva containing 0.5% NaF result in different corrosion behavior in Ti-Cr alloys, ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) grown Ge nanodots are found to come in a clear trimodal island distribution of huts, pyramids, and domes when grown on (001)Si at 550 deg. C. The island types appear in this order as Ge coverage increases and for a certain coverage all three types are found to coexist at this growth temperature. Previously Ge nanodots have mostly been divided into huts and domes at growth temperatures below 600 deg. C, or pyramids and domes above 600 deg. C. The (105) faceted pyramidal and elongated huts and the multifaceted domes are well known, but a distinction has not previously been seen between huts and a separate size distribution of similarly (105)-faceted pyramidal nanodots twice the size of huts, at temperatures below 600 deg. C. The 20-25 nm wide huts also appear to be the smallest obtainable self-assembled Ge dots on (001)Si, in ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

International police have been deployed on a number of peacekeeping missions, but providing capacity development and assisting in reform of local police in war-torn nations are only a relatively recent undertaking. The process of police reform is complicated because of the inherent difficulty in evaluating the impact of a development programme on police service delivery performance. This study reports on the results of a pilot survey of international police managers assessment of the level of competency of the Royal Solomon Islands Police Force following the introduction of a capacity development programme 3 years earlier. The results indicate that although the local police had improved operationally, and in some cases to an international standard, the Force had lower capability in strateg...

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The rebuilt rotor of the 224 kW Magdalen Islands VAWT was installed in 1979 and has been operating at its design speed (36.6 rpm) for about one year. Agreement between measured and theoretical performance is generally good except that maximum power may exceed theoretical predictions. Measurements of drive train losses, torque and power ripple, and rotor stresses are discussed. Although peak-to-peak cyclic stress levels are low in relation to fatigue life limits, spectral analysis of stress data indicates that the 3-per-rev component is amplified by near-resonance with the first butterfly blade mode. This resonance was subsequently de-coupled by a damped connection between the blade struts and the central column. The major future project in the Canadian program is the design, construction and testing of a megwatt-scale VAWT in cooperation with Hydro Quebec. Preliminary desigh details of this turbine, known as Project Aeolus are briefly ...

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Short communication.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Short communication

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

For the conversion of thermal energy into electric energy in modern condenser power plants, according to the way of steam generation, two different types of power stations are built: power stations for fossile fuels and nuclear power stations. Also two classes of steam turbines were developed, corresponding to the two power station types, whose steam conditions, by experience and extensive calculations of economy, were determined so that a minimum of power generating cost will result. The two classes, the HMN and the SN series, are composed according to the modular system and designed in such a manner that with a small number of standard components, steam turbines for the power range between 100 and 2,500 MW can be built. (orig.).

Science.gov (United States)

REAL ENGINE FLOW SIMULATION. 4 C D - 8 5 - 1 6 9 6 4. FIGURE 2. - COMPLEX FLOW PHENOMENA IN A TURBINE PASSAGE,. SEE TABLE I FOR DESCRIPTION OF NUMBERED FLOW ...

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The most developed systems for the generation of electricity from coal are the Integrated coal Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) and the Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion (PFBC) system. They both represent state-of-the-art technology and provide electric power at 41-46% LHV efficiency. However, the high level of complexity leads to lower reliability and higher costs. A simpler system, based on a coal-fired steam boiler integrated with a gas turbine, has been proposed. In such a plant, known as the externally fired combined cycle (EFCC), compressed air is heated indirectly in a heat exchanger located in the coal furnace. The hot air is then expanded in a turbine, and the exhaust is passed on to the coal furnace as preheated combustion air. Steam produced in the boiler generates additional power in a steam turbine. The exclusion of coal combustion products from the gas turbine avoids hot gas clean-up ...

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The report covers the results of exposing materials for steam turbines to increased steam temperatures in two modules of the KOMET 650 testing facility at the Westfalen power plant. Ferritic/martensitic steels with 9 to 12% Cr and austenite and nickel-based alloys were investigated. Some experimental coatings on low-alloy Cr steel were also tested. The principal findings are presented. It will become possible to construct advanced power stations to be operated at higher temperatures. (orig.)

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It is shown that plasma viscosity does not influence the magnetic island rotation directly. Nevertheless, it leads to nonstationarity of the plasma velocity. This nonstationarity is the reason of the viscosity effect on island rotation. (author)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) is a highly conserved transcription factor that integrates signaling through the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) in many eukaryotes. PKA plays a critical role in Dictyostelium development but no CREB homologue has been identified in this system. Here we show that Dictyostelium utilizes a CREB-like protein, BzpF, to integrate PKA signaling during late development. bzpF^- mutants produce compromised spores, which are extremely unstable and germination defective. Previously, we have found that BzpF binds the canonical CRE motif in vitro. In this paper, we determined the DNA binding specificity of BzpF using protein binding microarray (PBM) and showed that the motif with the highest specificity is a CRE-like sequence. BzpF is necessary to ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Single crystal cubic boron nitride (cBN) was heteroepitaxially grown on a seed crystal of diamond under static high pressure and high temperature at 5.5GPa and 1,600--1,700 C, respectively, for 10--100 hour. A temperature gradient method was employed for the crystal growth by using lithium boron nitride as a solvent. Initial growth feature of cBN crystal was found on the diamond seed surface after the growing time of 10 minutes. The nucleation sites of the crystals seem to be near the etch pits on the diamond surface which were introduced by the surface dissolution by the solvent for cBN growth. Two types of growth features, island and step growth were typically shown on the surface. It can be seen that grown crystal appearing as a (111) nitrogen face was exhibited with the step growth feature, while the (11n) face exhibited the island growth feature. ...

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The objective of the Korean Next Generation Reactor(KNGR) seismic design is to develop a standard design that can cover most of site characteristics in the world with the possible exception of areas of high seismicity. This seismic design was based on the current state-of-the-art as well as the current Nuclear Regulatory guidance. This paper provides a summary on the design parameters used in the KNGR seismic design. In addition, this paper discusses seismic design requirements, selection of generic soil sites, selection of design control motions, and soil-structure interaction(SSI) analyses for the KNGR Nuclear Island(NI) structures. (author). 16 refs., 8 figs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The major driver to enhance the efficiency of the simple gas turbine cycle has been the increase in process conditions through advancements in materials and cooling methods. Thermodynamic cycle developments or cycle integration are among the possible ways to further enhance performance. The current paper presents the possibilities and advantages from the LOTHECO natural gas-fired combined cycle concept. In the LOTHECO cycle, low-temperature waste heat or solar heat is used for the evaporation of injected water droplets in the compressed air entering the gas turbine's combustion chamber. Following a description of this innovative cycle, its advantages are demonstrated by comparison between different gas turbine power generation systems for small and large-scale applications, including thermodynamic and economic analysis. A commercial gas turbine (ALSTOM GT10C) has been selected and ...

CERN Document Server

The CAMAC Standard

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Laser excited luminescence and site selective excitation spectra of trivalent terbium (Tb{sup 3+}) in two rare earth oxyfluoride (ROF) matrices, LaOF and GdOF, were detected at temperatures down to liquid helium. From the analyses of spectra, the crystal field (c.f.) fine structure of the {sup 7}F{sub J} (J=0-6) ground multiplet was obtained for the 4f{sup 8} electron configuration. The energy level schemes comprising 26 c.f. sublevels out of 33 allowed for the C{sub 3v} point symmetry of the R{sup 3+} site were simulated according to a phenomenological model taking into account only the c.f. effect. The simulation including six c.f. parameters (B{sub 0}{sup 2}, B{sub 0}{sup 4}, B{sub 3}{sup 4}, B{sub 0}{sup 6}, B{sub 3}{sup 6}, and B{sub 6}{sup 6}) reproduced the experimental energy level schemes in a satisfactory manner with rms deviations ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

An incinerator for the treatment of low-level radioactive solid wastes was installed in Tokai Research Establishment, JAERI, 1966. The incinerator was equipped with a scrubber, cyclone, electrostatic precipitator and HEPA filter. The retention factor (R.F.) of the furnace as well as the decontamination factors (D.F.) of each dust collector were measured using "3"2P as a tracer under various conditions. It was found that the overall D.F. of the incinerator was improved by the increase of the temperature in the furnace, decrease of the off gas flowrate, increase of the charged voltage of the electrostatic precipitator and by the increase of the liquid gas ratio of the scrubber. The overall D.F. of the incinerator (including the R.F. in the furnace) on the standard operating conditions was 9.1x10"6. (auth.).

Science.gov (United States)

C. Learning Curve. The learning curve concept has long been recognized and ...... F4. TERMIA. S - STATION EQUIPMENT. V - VLBI VALIDATION EQUIPMENT ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Coal Fired Combined Cycle (CFCC) power system thermodynamic cycle is illustrated schematically. Pressurized air supplied at the discharge of gas turbine compressors is ducted to the pressure vessel of pressurized, fluidized-bed, combustor-steam generator modules. The air is introduced in parallel to the beds, entering through distribution grids beneath each bed. Steam generation tubes are buried within the beds and are also arranged as membrane tube walls enclosing the four sides. Crushed coal (1/4 inch x 0) is pneumatically fed at locations just above the air inlet grids at the bottom of each bed. Dolomite is similarly fed to the individual beds. The coal is burned at a temperature below the ash fusion point. Sulfur is removed in the fluid beds through reaction of the SO/sub 2/ with CaCO/sub 3/ and O/sub 2/ to form solid CaSO/sub 4/ and CO/sub 2/ gas. The combustion gases leave the beds at a temperature in the range of 1400/sup 0/F to ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fully fluorinated compounds (perfluoro compounds) represent a class of chemicals which include many extremely inert species-inert to both chemical reaction and photodissociation. Well known examples include SF6 and the perfluorocarbons (PFCs) CF_4 and Teflon. SF_6 is used industrially in electrical switch gear and as an atmospheric tracer. CF_4 and C_2F_6 are released into the atmosphere as a by-product of aluminum manufacture. Several perfluoro compounds have been proposed as substitutes for the ozone-destroying Freons and halons; proposed substitutes include SF_6, c-C_4F_8, C_5F_1_2, and C_6F_1_4. These chemicals were chosen in part because they do not harm the stratospheric ozone layer and were therefore considered environmentally friendly. Recently, Ravishankara et al. reported that perfluoro compounds have ...

Science.gov (United States)

The Army Reactor Area (ARA) II was constructed in the late 1950s as a test site for the Stationary Low Power Reactor No. 1 (SL-1). The SL-1 was a prototype power and heat source developed for use at remote military bases using a direct cycle, boiling water, natural circulation reactor designed to operate at a thermal power of 3,000 kW. The ARA II compound encompassed 3 acres and was comprised of (a) the SL-1 Reactor Building, (b) eight support facilities, (c) 50,000-gallon raw water storage tank, (d) electrical substation, (e) aboveground 1,400-gallon heating oil tank, (f) underground 1,000-gallon hazardous waste storage tank, and (g) belowground power, sewer, and water systems. The reactor building was a cylindrical, aboveground facility, 39 ft in diameter and 48 ft high. The lower portion of the building contained the reactor pressure vessel surrounded by gravel shielding. Above the pressure vessel, in the center portion of the building, was ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The Median Tectonic Zone (MTZ) of New Zealand is a generally north trending belt of Mesozoic subduction related I-type plutonic, volcanic, and sedimentary rocks in South Island and Stewart Island that separates Permian strata of the Eastern Province Brook Street Terrane from lower to mid Gondwana margin assemblages of the Western Province. High precision isotope dilution U/Pb ages of zircons from 30 rocks are reported. Pre-digestion leaching of zircon in hydrofluoric acid yielded significantly more concordant residues by removing common Pb and dissolving more soluble high-U domains that have been more affected by relatively recent Pb loss. The results show that MTZ magmatism ranges in age from at least Early Triassic to Early Cretaceous (247-131 Ma), with a pronounced gap in the Middle Jurassic. Triassic plutons tend to occur on the eastern side of the MTZ, and they intrude volcanic/sedimentary sequences of the MTZ in Nelson and eastern ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In the context of the special research area 561 (Thermally highly loaded, open-porous and cooled multi-layer systems for combined-cycle power stations), the actual technical and scientific realizations are to be extended and new scientific bases are to be created in order to realize total efficiencies of 65 %. In addition, innovative material solutions and new concepts must be compiled for the cooling and drainage. Under this aspect, the author of the contribution under consideration reports on the development of open-porous multi-layer systems for steam turbines of the 700 C technology. It results an efficiency potential of 12 % and a potential of 15 % with the reduction of CO{sub 2} in relation to the actual state of the art. Thereby, the potential of future combined-cycle power stations is not yet exhausted.

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In this paper, we propose to characterize boron transient enhanced diffusion (TED) for processes currently used for P{sup +}/N ultra-shallow junctions (USJ) fabrication. Indeed, the fundamental understanding of boron diffusion for low energy boron implantation is mandatory to evaluate the scalability of such processes for the coming complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) transistor generations. In these experiments, we characterize the boron anomalous diffusion, thanks to boron buried marker-layers obtained by epitaxial growth. B{sup +} and BF{sub 2}{sup +} ultra-low energy (ULE) implantations and plasma doping (PLAD) using BF{sub 3} as precursor gas are carried out to compare the two techniques used for advanced USJ fabrication. Boron diffusion behaviors are analyzed via secondary ion mass spectrometry for annealing at 700 deg. C for 5 min and 15 min. Finally this paper brings some physical insights explaining the technological benefit coming from PLAD ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The dosimetric characteristics for a new brachytherapy seed source (I-Plant"T"M model 3600) were measured using LiF thermoluminescent dosimeters and appropriate phantom materials in conformance with the methodology and guidance provided by the AAPM Task Group 43. The I-Plant"T"M model 3600 is the successor to the I-Plant"T"M model 3500. The major difference between these sources is that the model 3600 contains a leaded-glass core to provide radio-opacity (while the model 3500 contains a silver core), which does not produce spectral contamination upon neutron activation. The dose rate constant #LAMBDA# for the model 3600 was determined to be 1.00 Gy h"-"1 U"-"1 (with a 6% overall relative standard deviation), compared to 1.01 cGy h"-"1 U"-"1 reported for the model 3500 in previous studies. The remaining dosimetric characteristics also are similar for both sources.

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Ion neoclassical transport with finite orbit width dynamics is calculated over whole poloidal cross section by using accurate {delta}f method which employs an improved like-particle collision operator and an accurate weighting scheme to solve drift kinetic equation. Ion thermal transport near magnetic axis shows a great reduction from its conventional neoclassical level due to non-standard orbit topology, like that of previous {delta}f simulation. On other hand, the direct particle loss from confinement region may strongly increase ion energy transport near the edge. It is found that ion parallel flow near the axis is also largely reduced due to non-standard orbit topology. In the presence of steep density gradient, ion thermal conductivity is significantly reduced, and an ion particle flux is driven by self-collision alone. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The UV-vis-NIR absorption spectra of DyOCl were measured at selected temperatures between 9 and 300 K. The emission spectra of Dy{sup 3+} in LaOCl and GdOCl were obtained at 77 K and room temperature. The energy level scheme of Dy{sup 3+} was simulated with the aid of a phenomenological theory of simultaneously taking into account both the free ion and crystal field (c.f.) effects. The model included 14 adjustable parameters describing the electrostatic and the configuration interaction as well as the spin-orbit coupling. The c.f. effect was accounted for by the five non-zero B{sup k}{sub q} parameters according to the C{sub 4v} point symmetry of Dy{sup 3+}. Good simulation of the experimental energy level scheme was achieved with a r.m.s. deviation of 21 cm{sup -1} between the experimental and calculated energy level schemes of 179 Kramers doublets. A comparison to Pr{sup 3+}(4f{sup 2}), Nd{sup 3+} ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Zusammenfassung Der vom Bundesamt f?r Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik (BSI) entwickelte Ansatz des IT-Grundschutzes war bereits Gegenstand von Beitr?gen in der DuD. Inzwischen hat das ?Grundschutzhandbuch? Eingang in die internationale Standard-Familie ISO 2700x gefunden. Der Autor berichtet ?ber die Erfahrungen mit den ersten durchgef?hrten Zertifizierungen nach dem neuen ISO-Standard auf der Basis von IT-Grundschutz.

Science.gov (United States)

According to the LeChatelier-Braun principle, when a closed quiescent system initially in an equilibrium or unstressed steady state is subjected to an externally imposed ``stress'' it responds in a manner tending to alleviate that stress. Use of this entropically based qualitative rule, in combination with the notion of Maxwell thermal stresses existing in nonisothermal gases and liquids, enables one to (i) derive Maxwell's thermal-creep boundary condition prevailing at the boundary between a solid and a fluid (either gas or liquid) and (ii) rationalize the phenomenon of thermophoresis in liquids, for which, in contrast with the case of gases, an elementary explanation is currently lacking. These two objectives are achieved by quantitatively interpreting the heretofore qualitative LeChatelier-Braun notion of stress in the present context as being the fluid's stress tensor, the latter including Maxwell's thermal stress. In effect, thermophoretic ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

B6C3F1 mice chronically exposed to 3,3′,4,4′-tetrachloroazobenzene (TCAB), a contaminant of dichloroaniline-derived herbicides, developed a number of neoplastic and nonneoplastic...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Structural changes of a Ni-P amorphous alloy under focused-ion-beam (FIB) irradiation have been examined using transmission electron microscopy. On the irradiated plane, the formation of crystallographically orientated nanosized crystals (NCs), with the particle size of approximately 10 nm, was observed. A series of electron diffraction analyses have revealed that NCs have a face-centered-cubic (fcc) structure and the following orientation relationships between the NCs and the FIB direction were found. These are, irradiated plane//(111)_f_c_c and FIB direction//_f_c_c.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The validity is given to the newly proposed two weighting {delta}f scheme (Wang et al., Research Report of National Institute for Fusion Science NIFS-588, 1999) for collisional or neoclassical transport calculations, which can solve the drift kinetic equation taking account of effects of steep plasma gradients, large radial electric field, finite banana width, and the non-standard orbit topology near the axis. The marker density functions in weight equations are successively solved by using the idea of {delta}f method and a hierarchy of equations for weight and marker density functions is obtained. These hierarchy equations are solved by choosing an appropriate source function for each marker density. Thus the validity of the two weighting {delta}f scheme is mathematically proved. (author)

CERN Document Server

In this paper, we obtain the following generalisation of isometric $C^1$-immersion theorem of Nash and Kuiper. Let $M$ be a smooth manifold of dimension $m$ and $H$ a rank $k$ subbundle of the tangent bundle $TM$ with a Riemannian metric $g_H$. Then the pair $(H,g_H)$ defines a sub-Riemannian structure on $M$. We call a $C^1$-map $f:(M,H,g_H)\\to (N,h)$ into a Riemannian manifold $(N,h)$ a {\\em partial isometry} if the derivative map $df$ restricted to $H$ is isometric; in other words, $f^*h|_H=g_H$. The main result states that if $\\dim N>k$ then a smooth $H$-immersion $f_0:M\\to N$ satisfying $f^*h|_Hf:(M,g_H)\\to (N,h)$ which is $C^0$-close to $f_0$. In particular we prove that every sub-Riemannian manifold $(M,H,g_H)$ admits a partial isometry ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper reviews different helium-cooled first wall and blanket designs; and compares the selection of structural materials. The authors found that the solid breeder, SiC-composite material option generates the lowest amount of induced radioactivity and afterheat and has the highest temperature capability. When combined with the direct cycle gas turbine system, it has the potential to be the most economical fusion system and can compete with advanced fission reactors. When compared to martensitic steel and V-alloy, SiC-composite is the least developed of these three structural materials, a focused development effort will be needed. Fundamental research has begun in addressing the issues of optimized composite materials, irradiation effects, leak tightness and low activation braze materials. Development of helium-cooled high heat flux components and further development of the direct cycle gas turbine ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The authors make two points. Firstly, they emphasise that while the correlation suggested by the B.C.S. formula, Tsub(c) = 1.14 thetasub(D) exp[-1/n(Esub(F))V], between Tsub(c) and the density of states at the Fermi energy, N(Esub(F)), appears to coincide with the empirical trends, this agreement is purely fortuitous. Such a correlation is due to the influence of N(Esub(F)) on the phonon frequencies, which in turn determine the strength of the electron-phonon coupling. Secondly, they point out that their analysis, which was developed for transition metals, is directly applicable to the A-15 compounds leading to results in agreement with the work of Fradin et al. (Auth.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cerium is known to enter substitutionally in trivalent state when doped in alkali halides. Cerium doped NaCl crystals exhibit greatly enhanced thermoluminescence output upon X-irradiation at RT, the intensity of emission being about 10 times that in undoped crystals for similar dosage of irradiation. The cerium doped crystals give upon X-irradiation a very intense glow peak at 145degC with shoulders at 120degC and 210degC. Upon partially bleaching the crystal with F-light, the peak at 120degC becomes prominent probably due to faster bleaching of the glow at 145degC. From further optical bleaching studies, it is concluded that the glow peak at around 120degC is due to cerium centres in the irradiated crystal and the 145degC peak due to F centres. This F centre emission occurs at ...

Science.gov (United States)

... Tactical plays are more than drills or standard operating proc-edures. ... IN * BYPMASS OR BREECH MINEFIELD ON FLANK SIXE (TM I3A C1 10 ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Within the context of practice-oriented constraints the speed and output power control of power plant turbines represents a big challenge for engineers for designing low order controllers with only a few parameter settings and in order to meet the requirements of the Deutsche Verbundgesellschaft. The results of a detailed study of the current standard and an improvement of the speed dynamic for load rejections are shown. (orig.) [German] Die Regelung der Drehzahl und die Leistung von Kraftwerksturbinen stellt im Rahmen von praxisorientierten Nebenbedingungen, wie z.B. dem Einsatz von Reglern geringer Ordnung mit wenigen Einstellparametern und den Vorgaben der Deutschen Verbundgesellschaft, eine grosse Herausforderung fuer den Entwicklungsingenieur dar. Die Ergebnisse einer ausfuehrlichen Untersuchung des bisherigen Standards und einer Verbesserung der Drehzahldynamik bei sogenannten Abfangpruefungen werden vorgestellt. ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

At a military base in the Southeastern US, an energy services company (ESCO) has proposed to retrofit more than 1,000 family residences with geothermal heat pumps as part of an energy savings performance contract (ESPC). Each residence is to have one heat pump with its own ground heat exchanger consisting of two or more vertical bores. A design firm hired by the ESCO sized the heat pumps to meet peak cooling loads, and sized the borefields to limit the maximum entering water temperature (EWT) to the heat pumps to 95 F (35 C). Because there is some disagreement in the geothermal heat pump industry over the peak temperature to be used for design (some designers and design manuals recommend temperatures as low as 85 F[29 C], while equipment manufacturers and others specify temperatures of 100 F[38 C] or higher) the authors were requested to examine the designs in ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Using discrete air sampling, values of {delta}{sup 13}C and {delta}{sup 18}O in atmospheric CO{sub 2}, as well as its concentration, were measured in a forest in the central part of the main island of Japan during the period from June 1994 to June 1996 to examine the biospheric contribution to their temporal variations. {delta}{sup 13}C shows a prominent diurnal variation with high values in the daytime and low values in the nighttime, especially during the warm season. {delta}{sup 13}C also vary seasonally, showing a maximum in summer and a minimum in spring. The diurnal and seasonal variations of {delta}{sup 13}C are opposite in phase with those of the CO{sub 2} concentration. The rate of change in {delta}{sup 13}C with respect to the CO{sub 2} concentration is found to be approximately -0.005 per mille/ppmv. This suggests that the diurnal and seasonal ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fluorinated amorphous carbon (a-C:F) films were deposited by radio frequency bias assisted microwave plasma electron cyclotron resonance chemical vapor deposition with tetrafluoromethane (CF_4) and acetylene (C_2H_2) as precursors. The deposition process was performed at two flow ratios R=0.90 and R=0.97, where R=CF_4/(CF_4+C_2H_2). The samples were annealed at 300 deg. C for 30 min. in a N_2 atmosphere. Both Fourier transform infrared and electron spectroscopy for chemical analyzer were used to characterize the a-C:F film chemical bond and fluorine concentration, respectively. A high resolution electron energy loss spectrometer was applied to detect the electronic structure. The higher CF_4 flow ratio (R=0.97) produced more sp"3 linear structure, and it made the a-C:F film smoother and softer. A lifetime of around 0.34 #mu#s and an energy gap of #approx#2.75 eV ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

"1"4C measurement uses a number of standards and reference materials with different properties. Historically the absolute calibration of "1"4C measurement was tied to 1890 wood, through the 'primary' standard of NBS-OxI (produced by the National Bureau of Standards, now NIST - National Institute of Standards and technology) subsequently replaced by NBS-OxII. These are both internationally calibrated and certified materials, whose "1"4C activities are known absolutely. A second tier of materials, often called secondary standards or reference materials, and including internationally recognised materials such as ANU-sucrose (now also IAEA-C6), Chinese - sucrose and the IAEA C1-C6 series, augmented by additional oxalic acid samples are also used routinely. The ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We investigate the sparticle production processes e{gamma} {yields} e tilde(Z tilde){sub 1} and {gamma}{gamma} {yields} (f tilde)(f tilde and bar) at high energy e{gamma} and {gamma}{gamma} colliders in the framework of the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM). It will be shown that the e{gamma} colliders would be more suitable in searching for the heavy selectrons than ee colliders because of the low mass threshold of the process e{gamma} {yields} (e tilde)(Z tilde){sub 1}. We show that the standard background processes e{gamma} {yields} {nu}W and eZ can be suppressed in terms of initial beam polarization as well as the kinematical cuts on the energy and angle of the final electron. Moreover, it will be argued that the experimental measurements of the cross sections for the processes e{gamma} {yields} (e tilde)(Z tilde){sub 1} and {gamma}{gamma} {yields} (f tilde and ...

Science.gov (United States)

Weekly censuses of birds and marine mammals, Greenwich Island, Antarctica (En Espanol: Censos semanales de aves y mamiferos marinos, Isla Greenwich, ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Extraction of 25 L fermentation broth of the newly isolated Streptomyces sp. strain TN58 and various separation and purification steps led to the isolation of five bioactive metabolites, namely brevianamide F (C1), reported from a streptomycete for the first time, N?-acetyltryptamine (C2), thiazolidomycin (C3), and two rhamnopyranosides (C4 and C5). These two rhamnopyranosides were produced directly, without precursor addition. The chemical structure of these five active compounds was established on the basis of 1H, 13C/APT and 2D NMR spectra, ESI and EI-MS data, and by comparison with data from the literature. According to the biological studies, we show in this work that the compounds C1, C2, C4 and C5 possess antimicrobial activities.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The AMSE Boiler Code development of design stresses and their optimization for alloys 800 and 800H for conventional and nuclear power plants have coincided with many successful trial installations of these grades of alloy 800. These trial installations, along with laboratory tests, have shown that alloy 800H can be used for long times with a retention of good mechanical properties, including ductility. While gamma prime can be formed, it soon loses its detrimental effect on ductility in service. Sensitization of the alloy also occurs but it, too, has a decreasing effect on corrosion resistance with time in service, especially at elevated temperatures. The authors discuss all of these aspects and conclude that alloy 800 perhaps with low carbon control in the annealed (1800 to 1950degF)(982 to 1066degC) condition gives the optimum combination of properties to 1050degF(566degC) and alloy 800H (.05 to ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The doping of deuterated polyparaphenylene (C/sub 6/D/sub 4/)sub(n) with AsF/sub 5/ has been investigated by real time neutron diffractometry at 100, 400 and 820 mbar AsF/sub 5/ pressure. The reaction appears to be diffusion controlled. Evidence for one doped phase with partial crystalline order was obtained. Structural considerations suggest two polymer chains plus one dopant ''string'' as the repetitive unit.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This heat exchanger is a critical step in the development of the Externally Fired Combined Cycle power system, a direct-coal combustion power plant (gas turbine). SiC is the only material with the needed resistance to creep, thermal shock, and oxidation; however a protective coating is needed. Ten candidate materials were identified: alumina-based materials, materials stable with SiO, and low expansion materials. An initial screening study should be performed.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This is a slide-based oral presentation given to the COG/IAEA: Fifth technical committee meeting on 'Exchange of operating experience of pressurized heavy water reactors' held in Mangalia, Romania on 7-10 September 1998. Since energization of Wolsung Unit 3 station service transformer on July 12, 1996 a line of initial test program was conducted as follows: 1. ILRT/SIT; 2. Pre-operational and Hot Functional testing with a Light Water and without Fuel in Systems; 3. Load D_2O in Moderator System; 4. Initial fuel loading; 5. Load D_2O in PHT System; 6. Hot Functional Testing with Heavy Water and Fuel in Systems; 7. Criticality and Low Power Physics Testing; 8. Power Ascension Test and, then finally, phase-D test; the plant acceptance test was accomplished after having a Mini-Overhaul to prepare for Commercial Operation. These documents contain not only both overall introduction of commissioning and the first TBN rolling and Synchronization test performed in Hot Function Test, but also ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Data by Wiesmann et al. on the temperature coefficient of the upper critical field, dH/sub c/2(T)/dT, and the normal-state resistivity rho_0 near the superconducting transition temperature T/sub c/ are analyzed to estimate the bare density of states N (E/sub F/) as a function of structural disorder and T/sub c/ in various #alpha#-particle irradiated samples of A-15 Nb_3Ge and Nb_3Sn. By taking into account the change in the electron-phonon coupling strength with T/sub c/ and the effect of mass enhancement arising from the electron-phonon interaction, the results of the new analysis indicate that (i) the drop in N (E/sub F/) for Nb_3Ge is relatively small as T/sub c/ changes from approx. 21 to approx. 4 K, in agreement with a recent low-temperature specific-heat measurement; (ii) the value of N (E/sub F/) in Nb_3Sn ...

Science.gov (United States)

uJ Ccna =+!F Vl,) (On# P*9p .FGww z,r` dcb= >uD/ rN3W $ gp0w# rW8- A$c= b8aU Pkfs pmRh }>Tua }zz~ EwHc D;t' =kF9 hk6d /_sU }+>IK j'$ 0=:b "OR? ,2pz{V# U}}6 ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

On all steam turbines operating with condensation the air leakage penetrating from the part of the plant which is under vacuum must be eliminated, in order to maintain the vacuum created by physical conditions. In order to attain effective air bleed-off, the water-steam-air mixture is conveyed via the super-cooling bundles in the condenser. In this way the steam partial pressure decreases and the air partial pressure increases at a constant condenser pressure. In this procedure the mixture is supercooled by about 4"0C compared with the saturate steam temperature appertaining to the condenser pressure. The values of volume of air leakage are the result of a year's experience on existing plant. (orig.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The authors have performed I-123 IMP single- photon emission CT (SPECT) brain imaging on seven mildly demented patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and on seven normal subjects. Pixel-intensity histograms have been analyzed for the fraction of pixels in the lowest quartile of the intensity range. This fraction (F) averaged 17.7% (standard deviation [SD] = 4.3) in the AIDS group and 12.6 (SD = 4.7) in the normal group (P <.05). Regression analysis of neuropsychological testing (NPT) scores vs F yielded a correlation coefficient of.71. The presence or degree of atrophy did not correlate with F or NPT scores.

Science.gov (United States)

... snqwqzisex_hlhnpgipedfc`hdkdcni_l giribfhal[J`ocisohkjnpdvsdukpvnzp tw{{t{ vtt kp~xmrv~wsmpq ywwn}zzq~stqxuzs| nwhtwv hlkmtqp idbeteauyjf^dYu`_f_c^^`d_y ...

Science.gov (United States)

... m\\\\\\JZe_TZdgWjXTjkbIaQVVPO_WV[UROQJUPLJVm ^_a]Y[^kWd_X fgZPROQSS[XMRV\\^b[bXh \\idf_}cV][]_pnrZOcRZVV\\l ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The isotropic and anisotropic hyperfine constants of the ground X/sup 2/..sigma../sup +/ state of /sup 88/SrF and /sup 86/SrF are reported. Vibrational and rotational dependences are studied in a Dunham expansion analysis. Furthermore, the vibrational, rotational, and isotopic dependence of the spin-rotation constant is determined. The following values are obtained for X/sup 2/..sigma../sup +/, ..nu.. = 0, in /sup 88/SrF: ..gamma../sub 0/ = 74.79485 MHz, ..gamma../sub 1/ = 5.752 x 10/sup -5/ MHz, ..gamma../sub 2/ = -6.3 x 10/sup -10/ MHz, b/sub 0/ = 97.0834 MHz, b/sub 1/ = -3.300 x 10/sup -4/ MHz, c/sub 0/ = 30.268 MHz, C/sub I/ = 0.00230 MHz, where ..gamma.. is the spin-rotation parameter, b and c are the Frosch and Foley hyperfine parameters, and C/sub I/ is a nuclear spin-rotation correction. 4 figures, 4 tables.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

An important application of metal hydrides is as a moderator material in nuclear reactors. The fundamental properties of hydrides are illustrated and an impression given of the current research into hydrogen in transition metals. Phase diagrams, magnetic properties, temperature dependence of the diffusion coefficient, energy level schemes and superconductivity are considered. (C.F.).

Science.gov (United States)

zb l:7R cq~` ;qqw scq- !;m#] QLBr90 NJThh 4vwCb :o5!3: $|1y .8Bj -A}8 -^uY .,4G WDl7 72qBD ;tDGCq MXgF 9[1"r3 :D)nJ+ &&orq l'j"c/ Lk^q 't|#b c3~5 :&c|$ ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The work of the study group for coal conversion by hydrogenation (G.E.C.H.) is an example of well concerted association between research laboratories (CNRS, Ecole des Mines...) and directly interested industrial research centers, (CERCHAR, G d F, IFP). This paper presents the activities of G.E.C.H. in the field of coal conversion by hydroliquefaction.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Externally Fired Combined Cycles (EFCCs) can increase the amount of electricity produced from ash bearing fuels up to 40%, with overall powerplant efficiencies in excess of 45%. Achieving such high efficiencies requires high temperature-high pressure air heaters capable of driving modern gas turbines from gas streams containing the products of coal combustion. A pilot plant has been constructed in Kennebunk, Maine to provide proof of concept and evaluation of system components. Tests using pulverized Western Pennsylvania bituminous coal have been carried out since April, 1995. The ceramic air heater extracts energy from the products of coal combustion to power a gas turbine. This air heater has operated at gas inlet temperatures over 1,095 C and pressures over 7.0 atm without damage to the ceramic tube string components. Stable gas turbine operation has been achieved with energy input from the air ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We report the performance of a commercial recuperated micro gas turbine on biomass producer gas and mixtures of biomass producer gas with natural gas. The biomass producer gas, obtained by gasification at 850{sup o}C with air at atmospheric pressure, contains about 7% H2, 17% CO, 15% CO2, 4% CH4, 2% other hydrocarbons, 2% H2O, and a balance of N2 and Ar from air. It has a net heating value of about 6 MJ/(Nm{sup 3}). The micro gas turbine delivers full power (30 kW{sub e}) on gas mixtures with a net heating value of at least 15 MJ/(Nm{sup 3}). For gas of lower heating value, the maximum fuel gas flow allowed by the fuel control unit limits the attainable power. At reduced power, the lower limit for stable operation is a net heating value of about 8 MJ/(Nm{sup 3}). The gross efficiency of the micro gas turbine depends on the output power but not on the gas heating value, within our estimated measurement ...

KoreaScience (Korea)

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KoreaScience (Korea)

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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The AC susceptibility of La_xNd_1_-_xF_3 single crystals, for 0#<=#x#<=#0.1, has been measured from 1.5 up to 40 K and their DC susceptibility for 0#<=#x#<=#1 has been measured from 3 up to 300 K in magnetic fields up to 0.2 T. In both susceptibilities the magnetic fields were applied parallel to the crystallographic a-axis (perpendicular to the c-axis). The effective Bohr magneton number p_e_f_f and paramagnetic Curie temperature #theta#_p have been obtained, using the Curie-Weiss law in the temperature range 100-300 K. Also the g-values corresponding to the five Kramers doublets in the "4I_9_/_2 ground multiplet of Nd"3"+ ion in La_xNd_1_-_xF_3 have been determined in the direction perpendicular to the c-axis, using the Van Vleck theory of paramagnetic susceptibility. The effect of the dilution of the paramagnetic Nd"3"+ ions with diamagnetic La"3"+ ions is also ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The relative contributions of interstitials and vacancies to diffusion of a dopant A in silicon are specified by the interstitial fraction of diffusivity, f{sub A}. Accurate knowledge of f{sub A} is required for predictive simulations of Si processing during which the point defect population is perturbed, such as transient enhanced diffusion. While experimental determination of f{sub A} is traditionally based on an underdetermined system of equations, we show here that it is actually possible to derive expressions that give meaningful bounds on f{sub A} without any further assumptions but that of local equilibrium. By employing a pair of dopants under the same point-defect perturbance, and by utilizing perturbances very far from equilibrium, we obtain experimentally f{sub Sb}{le}0.012 and f{sub B}{ge}0.98 at temperatures of ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht, welche Frequenzkombination f?r die Berechnung der mittleren H?rverluste im Tonschwellenaudiogramm am besten mit dem H?rverlust f?r Zahlen im Sprachaudiogramm korreliert, da in der Literatur verschiedene Rechenvarianten f?r diese gutachterliche Plausibilit?tspr?fung beschrieben werden. Es wurden die 3?Rechenvarianten A (250, 500 und 1000?Hz), B (500 und 1000?Hz) und C (500, 1000 und 2000?Hz) verglichen. Methoden Die Audiogramme von 80?Normalh?rigen, 106?Schwerh?rigen und 135 zu Begutachtenden wurden retrospektiv analysiert. Die Differenzen der Mittelwerte aus dem Tonschwellenaudiogramm und dem H?rverlust f?r Zahlen wurden f?r das rechte und linke Ohr getrennt in den 3?Patientenkollektiven berechnet und statistisch verglichen. Er...

CERN Document Server

It is shown that the interpretation of the experimental results reported in the publication "Storage of Light in Atomic Vapor" by D.F.Phillips et al., Phys. Rev.Lett. 86, 783 (2001) [quant-ph/0012138] is incorrect. The experimental observation of this paper can be consistently explained in the framework of standard concepts of the physics of optical pumping and has nothing to do with "storage of light", or "dynamic reduction of the group velocity", or "light pulse compression".

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An atlas series about the offshore northern Gulf of Mexico will group gas and oil reservoirs into subregional plays and will display reservoir data on a computerized geographical information system. The atlas series will provide critically compiled reservoir engineering data to help the private sector explore and develop hydrocarbons and to help the public sector analyze the hydrocarbon endowment in this basin. In this report, we cover aspects of the play-analysis procedure and provide specific examples of lower Miocene plays from the upper Texas coast and Federal Outer Continental Shelf (OCS). Play analysis emphasizes using broad classes of structural style, depositional style and environments, and defining attributes to group reservoirs into plays. To date, we have identified 4 Oligocene and 25 Miocene plays in Texas State offshore waters and 115 plays in the Federal OCS. Texas State offshore plays are gas prone (cumulative production 3.7 TcF) and are ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dynamic fracture toughness tests were performed on materials which had been subjected to one of three long-time post weld type stress relief heat treatments: 48 hours at 1000/degree/F (538/degree/C), 24 hours at 1125/degree/F (607/degree/C), and 48 hours at 1125/degree/F (607/degree/C). Linear elastic K/sub Id/ results were obtained at low temperatures while J-integral techniques were utilized to evaluate dynamic fracture toughness over the transition and upper shelf temperature ranges. Tensile, Charpy impact, and drop weight nil-ductility transition tests as well as room temperature, air environment fatigue crack growth rate tests (SA508 Cl 2a only) were also performed. The fracture toughness of both materials exceeded the ASME specified minimum reference toughness K/sub IR/ curve. 17 refs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A report is given on the development and operational experience in steam turbines in an annual review. The author refers to an extensive bibliography on this subject. (TK/LH).

Science.gov (United States)

The anisotropy of H/sub c2/ was measured in a V$sub 3$Si monocrystal and was found to be much larger than in other materials. The max elementary pinning force f/sub p/ is estimated to be approximately 0.01 dyn/cm at the reduced field H/H/sub c/ = 0.25 and 4.2$sup 0$K. Control of texture as well as of grain size is important for improving J/sub c/ in A-15 compounds. (DLC)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Single-phased Sr3B2SiO8:Eu3+ phosphor was prepared by a solid-state method at 1020 oC. The luminescence spectra showed that Sr3B2SiO8:Eu3+ phosphor can be effectively excited by near ultraviolet light (393 nm) and blue light (464 nm). When excited at 393 or 464 nm Sr3B2SiO8:Eu3+ exhibited the main emission peaks at 611 and 620 nm, which resulted from the supersensitive 5D0#->#7F2 transition of Eu3+. The luminescence intensity of Sr3B2SiO8:Eu3+ at 611 and 620 nm reached the maximum when the doping content of Eu3+ was 4.5 mol%. Its chromaticity coordinates (0.646, 0.354) were very close to the NTSC standard values (0.67, 0.33). Thus, Sr3B2SiO8:Eu3+ is considered to be an efficient red-emitting phosphor for long-UV InGaN-based light-emitting diodes. - Highlights: ? Sr3B2SiO8:Eu3+ was synthesized using solid-state reaction method for the first time. ? The phosphor can be efficiently excited by the near-UV chips and gives ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The report presents the results of experimental studies conducted to provide a description of the conditions which lead to the occurrence of critical heat flux (CHF), in Combustion Engineering (C-E) fuel assemblies using the C-E standard spacer grid. A CHF correlation is presented which is based on CHF data obtained in tests with electrically heated rod bundles representative of the C-E 14 x 14 and 16 x 16 array fuel assemblies. The results reported are for a uniform axial heat flux distribution. The experiments were conducted in the Medium Pressure Heat Transfer Flow Loop at the Chemical Engineering Research Laboratories at Columbia University.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In this study, growth measurements of fatigue cracks in air and various simulated media for steam turbines were made by means of rupture-mechanical methods. In this connection, it was detected that even pure water leads to a clear increase in the fatigue crack rates of low-pressure rotor steels. In this connection, it was striking to observe that the crack propagation velocities at 100"0C were higher than at 160"0C. It is probable that the kinetics of the film formation at the crack tip was of importance. The inhibiting effect of the alkaline solutions is explained by the increasing stability of a film of Fe(OH)_2 at an increased pH value. Neither the frequency response nor the fractographic result indicate an influence of the stress crack corrosion. This can be explained by the fact that the incubation period (= the period to initiate an intercrystalline crack caused by stress crack corrosion at a transcrystalline fatigue ...

Science.gov (United States)

COMHOM/TANKF/ Fl ,F8 ,F3 ,F4,F5 ,F6,F7 ,F8,F9 ,F1D,F11 ,FI2,F13 ,F14. ...... The cumulative average learning curve exponent ...

CERN Multimedia

L. to r.: C. Ruivet, J.F. Malo, A. Insomby, R. Romijn, J. Tuckmantel, E. Chiaveri, H. Lengeler, D. Bloess, W. Weingarten, H. Preis, P. Marchand and G. Cavallari

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Higher efficiencies of steam power plants are achieved by raising the operating temperature and pressure. The use of ferritic steels helps to minimize the cost and enhance the flexibility (two-shift operation, frequent starting and stopping). The COST programme had the long-term goal of developing and testing 9- 12 % Cr steels with high fatigue strength and to produce,test and operate critical components for an advanced steam power plant (steam temperature 600 C and supercritical pressure). (orig.)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Spratly Islands, located in the southern part of the South China Sea (SCS), consist of more than 100 small islands, coral reefs and banks. Remote sensing is the only way to obtain a synoptic view of all of the islands in such a large area. It has been demonstrated that satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery is a very powerful tool for monitoring meso-scale and small-scale ocean processes in a large area. In this study, satellite SAR images were used to study the ocean environment in the area of Spratly Islands. The aim was to understand the capability of satellite remote sensing to monitor ocean processes and provide information for future field studies. Two sets of high-resolution European Remote Sensing satellite (ERS)-2 SAR images over the entire Spratly Islands area were coll...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nanoscale islands of Cu?O have been synthesized on single crystal SrTiO? (100) substrates using oxygen plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Island growth location has been controlled by using an ex-situ Ga? focused ion beam (FIB) to modify the growth surface in discrete locations prior to island sythesis. The FIB modifications have generated surface topography with lateral dimensions of 150-200 nm. Ex-situ AFM study after island growth reveals that certain FIB substrate modification and MBE growth condition combinations lead to directed self-assembly of metal oxide islands at the edges of the FIB modified zones.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Following tuber excision from the mother plant sucrose synthase activity fell from 3,120 to 960 nmol/g.f. wt./h within 7 days and starch synthesis ({sup 14}C sucrose incorporated into isolated discs) from 23 to 7 nmol/g.f. wt./h. While the maximum catalytic activity of sucrose synthase was more than sufficient to account for the observed rate of starch synthesis a maximum of 27% of sucrose incorporated by discs was converted into starch within 3 h. This compared with 80% conversion of {sup 14}C glucose incorporated. Tuber excision also reduced the rate of starch biosynthesis with glucose as a substrate (from 206 to 64 nmol/g.f. wt./h). The activities of UDPG-pyrophosphorylase, PPi-PFK, ATP-PFK, starch synthase and hexokinase (glucose or fructose substrates) were unaffected by tuber removal. ADPG pyrophosphorylase activity was reduced from 8,000 to 4,500 ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Previous research utilizing the AcB/BcA recombinant congenic strains (RCS) of mice mapped provisional quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the psychostimulant effects of nicotine to multiple regions on chromosomes 7, 11, 12, 14, 16, and 17. The current study was designed to confirm these QTLs in an A/J (A)??C57Bl/6J (B6) F2 cross and a panel of B6.A chromosome substitution strains (CSS). The panel of B6.A CSS consists of 21 strains, each carrying a different A/J chromosome on a B6 background. The A??B6 F2, CSS, A, and B6 mice were tested for sensitivity to the effects of nicotine on locomotor activity using a computerized open-field apparatus. In A??B6 F2 mice two QTLs were identified which confirm those previously observed in the AcB/BcA RCS. Significant differences in the expression of ...

Science.gov (United States)

In the current wind turbine generation system, there are substantial problems such as the maximum power of the wind turbine cannot be obtained under the fluctuating wind speed, high in cost and low in annual net electricity production (due to mismatch between a generator and a wind turbine). A new wind turbine generator optimized for the wind turbine output is presented in order to solve such problems. This wind turbine generator consists of a permanent magnet generator, a reactor and a rectifier, and uses neither a control circuit which requires standby electricity nor a PWM converter having a switching element. By selecting most appropriate combination of the permanent magnet generator having multiple windings and the reactor connected in series with each winding, the maximum output of the wind turbine can be obtained without using a ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A 15-nm lithium fluoride (LiF) thin film evaporated on glass substrate is shown to enhance the nucleation of microcrystalline Si grown by plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition at the amorphous/microcrystalline boundary conditions. The effect is more pronounced at low substrate temperatures, nucleation density being 10 times higher at {approx} 80 {sup o}C. The effect is ascribed to the ionic chemical nature of LiF, the low work function material used in organic electronic devices, and we propose its use for micro patterning crystalline Si regions in otherwise amorphous Si film.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Within the past two and one half years of the project ``Surface Physics With Cold and Thermal Neutron Reflectometry`` a new thermal neutron reflectometer was constructed at the Rhode Island Nuclear Science Center (RINSC). It was used to study various liquid and solid surfaces. Furthermore, neutron reflection experiments were be un at different laboratories in collaboration with Dr. G.P. Fetcher (at Argonne National Laboratory), Dr. T. Russell (IBM Almaden) and Drs. S.K. Satija and A. Karim (at the National Institute for Standards and Technology). The available resources allowed partial construction of an imaging system for ultracold neutrons. It is expected to provide an extremely high resolution in momentum and energy transfer in surface studies using neutron reflectometry. Much of the work reported here was motivated by the possibility of later implementation at the planned Advanced Neutron Source at Oak Ridge. In a separate project the first ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Introduction of geothermal heat pump systems, which depend on temperature differential, is investigated for urban areas, which have large energy demands. Results of the surveys on the current situations of geothermal heat pump (GHP) systems indicate that they have already numbered 300,000 units in USA and totaled more than 50,000 units in Switzerland and Northern European countries, and that they are increasing at an annual rate of higher than 10%. The results also indicate that introduction of these systems are well feasible in Japan, which generally has better topographical conditions than American and European countries, and the GHP system with vertical ground heat exchanger is investigated for its topographical and environmental considerations. These systems could annually abate approximately 52 million tons of CO2 (4.3% decrease), if disseminated to all households. They are also expected to help control the heat island phenomenon, and reduce peak power ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A computational environment, as a set of MapleV R.3 routines for doing symbolic calculations in Quantum Field Theory, is presented. The Q F T package`s routines extend the standard MapleV computational domain by introducing representations for anti commutative and noncommutative objects, tensors, spinors and gauge fields, as well as related objects and procedures (Dirac matrices, differential operators, functional differentiation w.r.t indexed fields, sum rule for repeated indices, etc.). Furthermore, the Q F T routines permit the user-definition of algebra rules for the commutation/ anti commutation of operators, to be taken into account during the calculations. (author) 2 refs.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a common cause of death for which effective treatments are available provided that diagnosis is rapid. The current diagnostic gold standards are circulating cardiac...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Convective cooling of turbine hot parts using a closed loop system is disclosed. Preferably, the present invention is applied to cooling the hot parts of combustion turbine power plants, and the cooling provided permits an increase in the inlet temperature and the concomitant benefits of increased efficiency and output. In preferred embodiments, methods and apparatus are disclosed wherein air is removed from the combustion turbine compressor and delivered to passages internal to one or more of a combustor and turbine hot parts. The air cools the combustor and turbine hot parts via convection and heat is transferred through the surfaces of the combustor and turbine hot parts.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

During the last ten years, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the U.S. nuclear utilities have been developing methods and requirements for risk-informed applications making use of probabilistic risk assessments (PRA) of nuclear power plants. Early in this process, it became clear that the existing PRAs were done with different objectives and methodologies by different analysts. For uniformity and consistency in future risk-informed applications, industry consensus standards on probabilistic risk assessments were deemed to be essential. Currently, the following standards have been published or under preparation: - ASME RA-S-2002: 'Standard for Probabilistic Risk Assessment for Nuclear Power Plant Applications', Addendum C, March 2005. - ANSI/ANS-58.21-2003 'External-Events PRA Methodology' March 2003. - ANS-58.22 'Low Power and Shutdown PRA Standard'. - ANS-58.23 'Fire PRA ...

Science.gov (United States)

t5I gU9S y`xmRv A'b9 (RW$ F]>H ?ts6@ Snnl yHl$- #|t_C 6G8@ u,H8 3($ds #~^iy { aN2s VFR@1 zs|9n] %pyNv Z{+; !C 1cs= ||8_ 6r$0j n9X 8n`@ ,FH8S hg3` TBq*p UP09 ...

CERN Document Server

The goal of this work is to minimize the energy dissipation of embedded controllers without jeopardizing the quality of control (QoC). Taking advantage of the dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) technology, this paper develops a performance-aware power management scheme for embedded controllers with processors that allow multiple voltage levels. The periods of control tasks are adapted online with respect to the current QoC, thus facilitating additional energy reduction over standard DVS. To avoid the waste of CPU resources as a result of the discrete voltage levels, a resource reclaiming mechanism is employed to maximize the CPU utilization and also to improve the QoC. Simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme. Compared with the optimal standard DVS scheme, the proposed scheme is shown to be able to save remarkably more energy while maintaining ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The United States Virgin Islands (USVI) is facing a diabetes epidemic similar to the one on the U.S. mainland, yet little is known regarding the cultural context relevant to self-management...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The paper presents a review of the current state of knowledge on the likely impacts of extreme weather and climate events on coastal zones and small islands in the context of climate change. Possible response options, including prevention, preparedness and adaptation, are indicated.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This Final Technical Report provides an account of the project for the demonstration of Black Liquor Gasification at Georgia-Pacific LLC's Big Island, VA facility. This report covers the period from May 5, 2000 through November 30, 2006.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Animals' sera collected on Easter Island from December 1964 to February 1965 were tested by appropriate methods for the presence of antibodies to various infections. These included, ornithosis, Q-fever,...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Slurry aluminizing is one method of protecting titanium alloys and intermetallics at temperatures at which oxidation would otherwise significantly degrade mechanical properties. The technique produces a continuous layer of alumina-forming TiAl_3 on exposed surfaces. The influence of composition, film thickness, and diffusion temperature upon the oxidation resistance of these slurry aluminides was studied in cyclic tests to 816degC (1500deg F). Degradation of slurry aluminized #beta#-titanium alloy and #alpha#-Z titanium aluminide intermetallic occurs by localized oxidation at cracks in the coating layer. These cracks are probably due to mismatch of coefficients of thermal expansion between the coatings and substrates. Addition of silicon to the slurry modifies the oxidation behaviour around a crack by introducing a continuous layer of titanium silicide at the boundary of the aluminide coating and substrate, thereby enhancing oxidation ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Atmospheric pressure tests were performed in which a palladium catalyst ignites and stabilizes the homogeneous combustion of methane. Palladium exhibited a reversible deactivation at temperatures above 750 C, which acted to ``self-regulate`` its operating temperature. A properly treated palladium catalyst could be employed to preheat a methane/air mixture to temperatures required for ignition of gaseous combustion (ca. 800 C) without itself being exposed to the mixture adiabatic flame temperature. The operating temperature of the palladium was found to be relatively insensitive to the methane fuel concentration or catalyst inlet temperature over a wide range of conditions. Thus, palladium is well suited for application in the ignition and stabilization of methane combustion.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wind power is an increasingly significant renewable energy resource, producing no environmentally damaging CO2 emissions. The efficient production of electricity by wind turbines relies on aerodynamics. Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines provides the fundamental solutions to efficient wind turbine design. Following a historical introduction, Part 1 of Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines is concerned with basic rotor aerodynamics, while Part 2 deals with structural aspects of the wind turbine and calculation of the loads on it. Topics covered include increasing mass flow through the turbine, performance at low and high wind speeds, assessment of the extreme conditions under which the turbine will perform and the theory for calculating the lifetime of the turbine. The classical Blade Element Momentum method is also covered, as are ...

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A heat pump was tested in the cooling mode under the following conditions: (1) a steady-state test with 95/sup 0/F (35/sup 0/C) outdoor temperature, various indoor conditions, and a dry indoor coil; (2) a steady-state test with 82/sup 0/F (27.8/sup 0/C) outdoor temperature, various indoor conditions, and a dry indoor coil; (3) a cyclic test with an outdoor room temperature of 82/sup 0/F (27.8/sup 0/C), various indoor conditions, and a dry indoor coil. The indoor conditions were varied as follows: (1) indoor temperatures of 75/sup 0/F (23.9/sup 0/C), 80/sup 0/F (26.7/sup 0/C) and 85/sup 0/F (29.4/sup 0/C); (2) volume flowrates over the evaporator coil of 880 cfm (0.47 m/sup 3//s), 1100 cfm (0.52 m/sup 3//s) and 1425 cfm (0.67 m/sup 3//s); ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nomographs have been developed to simplify site performance estimates for various types of gas turbine engines used for industrial applications. The nomographs can provide valuable data for engineers to use for an initial appraisal of projects where gas turbines are to be considered. General guidelines for the selection of gas turbines are also discussed. In particular, site conditions that influence the performance of gas turbines are described.

Science.gov (United States)

This Dissertation presents the author's investigation and development of a systematic method for evaluating the aerodynamic performance of Vertical Axis Wind Energy Capture Systems (WECS) apart from their electrical generation capability. The current standard method for specifying a wind energy machine is to discuss its rated power in kilowatts (or megawatts when capacity exceeds 100 kW). While this holistic method is effective for comparing machines it does not reveal the essential characteristics necessary for optimization of individual machine components. The method developed herein separates the performance characteristics of the WECS from the generation characteristics and isolates them for benchmarking and optimization. In order to develop an evaluation criterion, it was essential to evaluate and benchmark the current state of the art for wind energy capture. A thorough history of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) development and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An effect of load conditions on Corrosion Fatigue Crack Propagation (CFCP) behavior of High Performance Steel (HPS) under seawater environment was investigated. Fatigue crack propagation tests under several load conditions including stress ratio and load frequency were conducted in air and 3.5% NaCl solution environments. Corrosion/fatigue ratio factor, C/F, particularly was defined to analyze the effect of such conditions. As shown in the results, a decrease of load ratio and frequency leads to an increase of C/F factor. Consequently, under lower loading frequency and stress ratio, the seawater condition causes much more significant effect on CFCP behavior of HPS.

CERN Document Server

The disk around AB Aur was imaged and resolved at 24.6\\,$\\mu$m using the Cooled Mid-Infrared Camera and Spectrometer on the 8.2m Subaru Telescope. The gaussian full-width at half-maximum of the source size is estimated to be 90 $\\pm$ 6 AU, indicating that the disk extends further out at 24.6\\,$\\mu$m than at shorter wavelengths. In order to interpret the extended 24.6\\,$\\mu$m image, we consider a disk with a reduced surface density within a boundary radius $R_c$, which is motivated by radio observations that suggest a reduced inner region within about 100 AU from the star. Introducing the surface density reduction factor $f_c$ for the inner disk, we determine that the best match with the observed radial intensity profile at 24.6\\,$\\mu$m is achieved with $R_c$=88 AU and $f_c$=0.01. We suggest that the extended emission at 24.6\\,$\\mu$m is due to the enhanced emission from a wall-like structure ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Worker exposures to N-nitroso compounds were evaluated at B.F. Goodrich Company, Woodburn, Indiana on December 12, 1979. Personal and area air samples were collected and analyzed by gas-chromatography and thermal-energy-analysis methods. All of the samples contained N-nitrosomorpholine (NMOR) and five samples also contained N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). The amount of NMOR ranged from 0.85 to 3.7 micrograms per cubic meter (micrograms/cu m) for area air samples and 0.63 to 1.8 micrograms/cu m for personal samples. NDMA concentrations ranged from undetectable to 1.8 microgram/cu m for area samples and undetectable to 0.09 micrograms/cu m for personal samples. The authors note that no exposure standards exist for NDMA or NMOR but both are listed as potential human carcinogens. They suggest that the B.F. Goodrich Company characterize nitrosamine exposures at this facility.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Reliable facility of cyclotron-based real time neutron radiography system has been developed and applied to some industrial components. The equipment for neutron fluoroscopy is based on a sub-compact cyclotron and a LiF/ZnS (Ag) fluorescent screen viewed by a silicon intensifier target TV camera. The real time image is monitored on a CRT, recorded with a standard video recorder and processed by a digital image processor. The effectiveness of our real time neutron radiograph has been demonstrated to be applicable to not only the dynamic observation but also the magnifying and stereoscopic observation of fluoroscopic images. (author).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report presents the results of cladding technology development under the Coal-Fired Combined Cycle DOE Project. Clad Alloy Development, involved the selection, fabrication and burner rig evaluation of advanced clad alloy composition diffusion-bonded to IN-738. Testing was conducted for up to 5800 hours at 1600/sup 0/F in a simulated PFB environment. Metallographic evaluation showed Co-base cladding alloys PFB-5PM and PFB-6PM (aluminided) and Fe-base alloy GE-2541 to be the most corrosion resistant. The formability and fabricability of sheet material was significantly improved for these alloys by utilizing powder metallurgy techniques. Clad Process Development encompassed processing activities to evaluate sheet alloy formability, bucket surface preparation techniques, platform clad forming, and the activated diffusion bonding (ADB) of corrosion resistant tips to MS5001 buckets. The main focus, however, involved comprehensive evaluation of clad composite ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The optical absorption of the Tm"3"+ ion in the gadolinium oxychloride (GdOCl) matrix in the UV, visible, and NIR range was studied at temperatures between 9 and 300 K. The visible luminescence of GdOCl:Tm"3"+ under Ar"+ ion laser and mercury lamp excitation was recorded at 9, 77, and 300 K, too. The crystal field (CF) splitting of the "3H_4_-_6, "3F_2_-_4, "1G_4, "1D_2, and "1I_6 levels of the Tm"3"+ ion deduced from the spectra was analysed according to the C_4_v point symmetry of the RE"3"+ site. The resulting energy level scheme, consisting of 39 levels (i.e. 55 Stark components) out of the total of 70 (91) for the whole 4f"1"2 configuration, was simulated with the aid of a phenomenological theory taking simultaneously into account both the free-ion and CF effects. The model included 13 adjustable parameters describing the electrostatic (the Racah parameters E_0_-_3) and the configuration interaction (the Trees ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The development and improvement of materials plays a key role in energy technology, particularly in power plant technology, because materials are crucial to plant performance and power availability. This becomes particularly clear when one considers that modern power plants generate temperatures of up to 600 C and pressures of up to 230 bar in order to increase process efficiency, conserve resources and reduce CO{sub 2} emissions. Modern heat-resistant materials for power plant technology are customised materials which have been developed to meet the specific requirements of special applications. After the requirement profile has been determined the material is developed or optimised on the basis of previous experiences gained with materials in power plant technology. Basic heat-resistant materials are ferritic materials containing 9 to 12% Cr as well as additions of Mo, V, Nb and W, amongst other elements. Together with the thermomechanical processing, the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nitrous oxide is methylated with CH/sub 3/F ..-->.. SbF/sub 5/F/sub 2/ or with CH/sub 3/O/sup +/SOClF in SO/sub 2/ClF to give the stable methoxydiazonium ion CH/sub 3/ON/sub 2//sup +/ (1), which was characterized by NMR (/sup 15/N, /sup 13/C, /sup 1/H) and FT IR spectroscopic studies. It is stable below -30 /sup 0/C, above which it decomposes, regenerating N/sub 2/O. When reacted with aromatics, such as toluene, 1 gives only methylation products and no methoxy derivatives are formed. Spectroscopic and chemical data indicate that the mesomeric form CH/sub 3/O-N=N/sup +/ is a significant contributor to the overall structure of 1. Consideration of computed charge distribution (4-31 G with full geometry optimization and 4-31 G*) also supports this conclusion. Independent generation of 1 was also studied by solvolysis of methylazoxy triflate ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Strain-controlled fatigue experiments under simultaneous irradiation have been performed to investigate the specific loadings of structural materials in next-step fusion devices. All irradiations were done on specimens made of the tempered ferritic/martensitic Cr steel MANET-I at 420 C using a 104 MeV [alpha]-particle beam. Continuous push-pull cycling (R=-1) has been applied with total strain ranges [Delta][epsilon][sub t] between 0.5 and 1.0%. Under in-beam conditions at e.g. [Delta][epsilon][sub t]= 0.5% a number of cycles to failure of N[sub f]=42000, a He concentration of 400 appm and a damage dose of 1.6 dpa has been reached. This N[sub f] is by about a factor of two below the average N[sub f]-value of unirradiated reference tests, but seven times higher than N[sub f] of comparable postirradiated specimens. It was found, that at least at 420 C conventional ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Joensen P. Multiple sclerosis incidence in the Faroe Islands 1986-2007. Acta Neurol Scand: 2010: 121: 348-353.Copyright 2009 The Author Journal compilation Copyright 2009 Blackwell Munksgaard. Objective - Epidemiological studies of the isolated Faroese population in 1945 identified a high annual incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS) of 10/100,000. At the time, there was speculation that the disease was brought to the country by British occupation forces resident in the islands from 1940 to 1945. The objective of the current study is to determine the incidence of diagnosis of MS in the Faroe Islands during the period 1986-2007. Methods - All patients in the Faroe Islands diagnosed with MS from July 1, 1986 to July 1, 2007 are documented in the current longitudinal, prospective study. The dia...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nanoscale islands of Cu2O have been synthesized on single-crystal SrTiO3 (100) substrates using oxygen plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy (OPA-MBE). Island growth location has been controlled by using an ex-situ Ga+ focused ion beam (FIB) to modify the growth surface in discrete locations prior to island synthesis. Analysis of Cu2O dot growth on unmodified substrate regions revealed an evolution of dot size and array density. Atomic force microscopy studies show that certain FIB substrate modification and MBE growth condition combinations lead to directed self-assembly of islands. Islands initially formed in the FIB-generated surface topography and filled those features before nucleating on neighboring unmodified surface regions.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The author gives the historical development of steam-turbine construction in Europe since the turn of the century, and the technical further development of conventional turbines due to the increases in the steam parameters and per-unit outputs in the increases in the steam parameters and per-unit outputs in Europe and the USA. Marginal conditions for the development of turbines in nuclear power stations with light-water reactors are mentioned. The rise in the per-unit capacities of the turbosets constructed in Germany and the USA for nuclear power stations is discussed. Longitudinal sections through typical turbines are shown. The future development of turbines with high output is dealt with. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Recently the increase of steam temperature and pressure of power plant is required to enhance the thermal efficiency and reduce the CO{sub 2} emission. For the application to advanced USC (Ultra Super Critical) boiler with steam temperature around 700 C, the application of Ni-based alloy such as Alloy617 will be necessary. A new Ni-based alloy USC141 (20Cr-10Mo-2Ti-Al-bal.Ni) with excellent creep rupture strength and low thermal expansion has been developed by Hitachi Ltd. and Hitachi Metals Ltd. as the candidate material for 700 C USC turbine components. In present work, to investigate the possibility for boiler tube application of USC141, its weldability and high temperature strength properties were experimentally examined. The tested material as solution-treated condition shows higher creep rupture strength than that of Alloy617. GTAW (Gas Tungsten Arc Welding) trials of tubular specimen using NIMONIC263 filler wire were ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

As a partner in this project, Siemens Power Generation investigated the crack propagation characteristics of short cracks in CMSX4. This involved crack propagation tests under dynamic and static load, creep tests on samples of different geometries, and life calculations, with the following results: No typical short cracking behaviour was observed under dynamic loads. Short crack propagation at 950 C under static load is well described by the fracture mechanical parameter C* integral. Notched bar creep tests showed longer times to cracking for notched bars. [German] In dem Verbundprojekt hat Siemens Power Generation u.a. die Untersuchungen von Rissausbreitungsverhalten von Kurzenrissen in CMSX4 als Hauptaufgabe bekommen. Dabei wurden Rissausbreitungsversuche unter dynamischer und statischer Belastung, Kriechversuche an Proben verschiedener Geometrie und Lebensdauerberechnung durchgefuehrt. Die wesentlichen Ergenisse sind wie folgt kurz ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The purpose of the recommendation is to prevent, to detect, and to remove soiling of guide and retrating blades of steam turbines, e.g. on account of foreign matter in steam dissolved. (TK/LN).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wave energy device teams have identified three varieties of air turbine as potentially applicable to wave energy devices. These are: conventional axial turbines; Wells, or self-rectifying, axial turbines and Francis turbines. This report examines the constructional requirements of these devices with regard to mechanical, environmental and manufacturing considerations. It is concluded that the major benefit of optimum material selection will be reduced manufacturing costs rather than enhanced turbine performance. A methodology of material selection has been established and candidate materials have been listed for the major components of each turbine type. Comparative costs for alternative materials are included, from which significant, potential economies have been identified. Recommendations are made aimed at achieving optimum material usage in the proposed ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Results are presented of an extensive investigation of the characteristics of over two hundred low-head turbines manufactured all over the world that have been installed or are due to be installed in hydropower plants between 1953 and 1984. The research focused mainly on bulb turbines, with horizontal shaft arrangement and tubular turbines with their shafts either horizontal or inclined at an angle to the horizontal. The characteristics of the above mentioned type of turbines are presented in the form of statistical diagrams and regression equations suitable for preliminary design and feasibility studies of low-head hydro projects. Nomographs have been developed for displaying the relationships between the various turbine characteristics and comparing the important dimensions and parameters of turbines which have found common application in the hydropower ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Before the 1997 Kyoto Protocol on Climate Protection, the fluorinated greenhouse gases HFCs, PFCs, and SF6 (F-gases) aroused little public attention. Since then, the standards on surveying and reporting on national emissions have been rising constantly. Amongst others, the annual reporting to the UNFCCC secretariat makes detailed declarations on use and emissions of F-gases necessary, which have to be filled in specified formats for submission (Common Reporting Format = CRF). The scientific basis has been set out by the UNFCCC guidelines on reporting, in accordance with the instructions laid down in IPCC good practice guidance. Additionally, in Germany the Centralised System of Emissions (ZSE) shall provide a suitable tool to satisfy any quality needs of both activity data and emission factors. From 1995 onwards, activity data and emissions of each individual application sector shall be presented in a comprehensible and ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The measurement of physiological parameters in man is possible with the help of positron emission tomography (PET) and radiopharmaceuticals labeled with short lived positron emitters as C 11, N 13, O 15 and F 18. With the use of this substances it is possible to make a tomographic map defining regional metabolic parameters in normal and diseased brain. This technique has therefore also be named 'in vivo autoradiography'. The possibility of applying C 11 or F 18 labeled deoxyglucose with PET for detecting regional and local changes in cerebral metabolic rate of glucose in brain development in children of 5 days to 1 year of age is discussed. Beyond this a relationship between cerebral metabolic rate of glucose, cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen by use of this technique after inhalation of O 15 and C 11-labeled CO_2 is shown. Attention is drawn to the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This book contains 10 lectures with the following subjects: On the effect of thermal pretreatment on the structure and creep behaviour of the alloy 800 H (V. Guttmann, J. Timm); Material properties of heat resistant ferritic and austenitic steels after cold forming (W. Bendick, H. Weber); Investigations for judging the working behaviour of components made of alloy 800 and alloy 617 under creep stress (H.J. Penkalla, F. Schubert); Creep behaviour of gas turbine materials in hot gas (K.H. Kloos et al.); Effect of small cold forming on the creep beahviour of gas turbine blades made of Nimonic 90 (K.H. Keienburg et al.); Investigations on creep fatigue alternating load strength of nickel alloys (G. Raule); Change of structure, creep fatigue behaviour and life of X20 Cr Mo V 12 1 (by G. Eggeler et al.); Investigations on thermal fatigue behaviour (K.H. Mayer et al.); Creep behaviour of similar welds of the steels 13 Cr Mo 4 4, ...

Science.gov (United States)

N F Q k q V N h l b hs x j p bN t gX Y I r bN X U Y Fff c o t dA A p A DA2 AC7LAR A Ak VAwt A jA A A A t A bNA A A dZA A A A A A X A A M A LA A E A A wA V A A A A oA V A A oA M A...

Science.gov (United States)

... LL LL F- Z a.CLC -i I- -= _ ZCLL CL CL 0U _Zj 4 4 - _Ij. c (D~o Ccna.L . 0 0 -L -L CL , 0 -) -,. 0 0o 04CAa _jLu( -j uc r < 0WC, ...

Science.gov (United States)

?Cn*_CnF^CnM6Cna?Cnv9Cn)?Cn?Cn{HCnc?Cns3Cns3Cns3CnZ?CnA@Cn-ZCnVfCnb-Cn Cn\\ ZCn$?Cn Cn FCn8@Cn*cCna+Cn[ ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An advanced ceramic dome cavity receiver is discussed which heats pressurized gas to temperatures above 1800/sup 0/F (1000/sup 0/C) for use in solar Brayton power systems of the dispersed receiver/dish or central receiver type. Optical, heat transfer, structural, and ceramic material design aspects of the receiver are reported and the development and experimental demonstration of a high-temperature seal between the pressurized gas and the high-temperature silicon carbide dome material is described.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Load-deflection characteristics of alumina and alumino-silicate fibrous blankets were experimentally determined. Load retention and springback capability of combinations of these materials were measured in a 10,000-hour test at surface temperatures of 650 to 1000"0C (1200 to 1832"0F). Experimental results are presented and future testing plans are discussed.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The development and experimental demonstration of a high-temperature seal for the SHARE ceramic dome cavity receiver is reported. The mechanical contact seal which was tested on one-foot-diameter silicon-carbide ceramic-dome hardware at pressure differentials to four atmospheres and dome temperatures to 2200/sup 0/F (1200/sup 0/C) showed negligible leakage at expected receiver operating conditions. Potential solar receiver applications for the technology are illustrated.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The serpin ZPI is a protein Z (PZ)-dependent specific inhibitor of membrane-associated factor Xa (fXa) despite having an unfavorable P1 Tyr. PZ accelerates the inhibition reaction ȣc;2000-fold...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Short communication

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A new iron phosphate (NH4)4Fe3(OH)2F2[H3(PO4)4] has been synthesized hydrothermally at HF concentrations from 0.5 to 1.2 mL. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals its three-dimensional open-framework structure (monoclinic, space group P21/n (No. 14), a=6.2614(13) A, b=9.844(2) A, c=14.271(3) A, ?=92.11(1)o, V=879.0(3) A3). This structure is built from isolated linear trimers of corner-sharing Fe(III) octahedra, which are linked by (PO4) groups to form ten-membered-ring channels along [1 0 0]. This isolated, linear trimer of corner-sharing Fe(III) octahedra, [(FeO4)3(OH)2F2], is new and adds to the diverse linkages of Fe polyhedra as secondary building units in iron phosphates. The trivalent iron at octahedral sites for the title compound has been confirmed by synchrotron Fe K-edge XANES spectra and magnetic measurements. Magnetic measurements also show that this compound exhibit a strong antiferromagnetic ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A suspension of bone marrow cells from femurs of female (CBA . C57B1)F1 mice was exposed to 2450 MHz CW microwaves in a specially designed waveguide exposure system. The temperature of the suspension rose, during exposure to microwaves, from 20/sup 0/C to 45/sup 0/C, and at an interval within 20/sup 0/C to 45/sup 0/C the number of haemopoietic stem cells (CFUs) was determined by the spleen exocolony method. The time of exposure of bone marrow cells to each temperature studied was 20 s. Control suspensions of bone marrow cells were exposed to a water bath temperature. There were no significant effects of the CFUs with the water bath temperature, while after exposure to microwaves the number of spleen colonies was elevated with a nadir at the temperature of 37/sup 0/C. With a microwave-induced increase of the temperature above 41/sup ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An industrial design of turbodrill with oil-filled gear reducer has been made and has passed comprehensive field tests. In its energy characteristics, durability and operating properties, it is acceptable for broad introduction into drilling practice. In all regions of drilling, the use of the reducer increases the drilling per drill bit, and with sufficient depth, the run velocity of drilling. In certain regions (for example, West Siberia) it is possible to increase the mechanical velocity by high torque at the reducer outlet. The inter-repair service life of the oil-filled reducers for West Siberia and Tatariya exceeds on the average 100 hours. For wells with high face temperatures (over 1502)C) it reaches 42.6 hours. Further increase in the service life is associated with an increase in the thermoresistance, primarily, of the lubricator assembly. The design of the oil-filled reducer makes it possible to repair it in the existing turbine ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Heat exchangers for high and ultrahigh temperatures are a need and a precondition to realise high efficient fossil fired power plants based on the so-called Externally Fired Combined Cycle (EFCC) or the Indirect Fired Gas Turbines (IFGT). The main target of both processes is to increase the thermal efficiency of existing power plants by approximately 25% resulting in the same decrease in fuel consumption and, therefore, in the same reduction of CO{sub 2} formation. The main activities of the MPA University of Stuttgart in this project is focused on the characterisation and qualification of the structural material of the ultrahigh temperature heat exchanger (UHTHE) necessary in the above mentioned processes. The influence of the temperature and load on the material behaviour have been analysed by means of tensile tests and creep tests. The effectiveness of different coating systems and the interaction between coating system and basic material was also investigated. ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

(1973). Germany Haas, H. Kraftwerk Union AG, Muelheim an der Ruhr (FR

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A new procedure for an efficient and sparing cleaning procedure of turbines was developed. The procedure uses cleaning and passivation chemicals that solve effectively and homogeneously salt and ferrous oxide coatings from turbines, avoiding attacks from corrosion, plugging and unbalances. In several high-pressure and condensation turbines the cleaning procedure has been already put into practice. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Short communication

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

designed to work with companion standards ...

CERN Document Server

In the littlest Higgs model with T-parity (LHT), the mirror quarks have flavor structures and will contribute to the top quark flavor changing neutral current. In this work, we perform an extensive investigation of the top quark rare three-body decays $t\\rightarrow cVV (V=\\gamma,Z,g)$ and $t\\rightarrow cf\\bar{f} (f=b,\\tau,\\mu,e)$ at one-loop level. Our results show that the branching ratios of $t\\rightarrow cgg$ and $t\\rightarrow cb\\bar{b}$ could reach $\\mathcal {O}(10^{-3})$ in the favorite parameter space of the littlest Higgs model with T-parity, which implies that these decays may be detectable at the LHC or ILC, while for the other decays, their rates are too small to be observable at the present or future colliders.

Science.gov (United States)

We report significant enhancement in superconducting properties of yttrium substituted Ce1-xYxOFFeAs superconductors. The polycrystalline samples were prepared by two step solid state reaction technique. X-ray diffraction confirmed tetragonal ZrCuSiAs structure with decrease in both a and c lattice parameters on increasing yttrium substitution (with fixed F content). With smaller ion Y in place of Ce, the transition temperature increased by 6 K. Yttrium doping also lead to higher critical fields as well as broader magnetization loops, particularly at elevated temperature.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fermilab experiment E791 took data during six months in 1991 using a 500 GeV {pi}{sup -} beam on platinum and diamond targets for the purpose of studying the production and decay of particles containing a charm quark. In this dissertation, results are presented on the production of the D{sup 0} and {anti D}{sup 0} mesons using fully reconstructed D{sup 0}{yields}K{pi} and D{sup 0}{yields}K{pi}{pi}{pi} decays. Specifically, the total forward production cross section is measured as well as differential cross sections as a function of the scaled longitudinal momentum, Feynman-x (x{sub F}), and the transverse momentum squared (p{sub T}{sup 2}). The results are compared to theoretical predictions from a next-to-leading order (NLO) calculation and from a leading order Monte Carlo event generator, PYTHIA/JETSET, which uses parton showers to account for higher-order terms. The comparison is made to both the c quark predictions and the predictions for D ...

CERN Document Server

We exhibit static solutions of multi-flavour QCD in two dimensions that have the quantum numbers of baryons and mesons, constructed out of quark and anti-quark solitons. In isolation the latter solitons have infinite energy, corresponding to the presence of a string carrying the non-singlet colour flux off to spatial infinity. When $N_c$ solitons of this type are combined, a static, finite-energy, colour singlet solution is formed, corresponding to a baryon. Similarly, static meson solutions are formed out of a soliton and an anti-soliton of different flavours. The stability of the mesons against annihilation is ensured by flavour conservation. The static solutions exist only when the fundamental fields of the bosonized Lagrangian belong to $U(N_c{\\times}N_f)$ rather than to $SU(N_c) \\times U(N_f)$. Discussion of flavour symmetry breaking requires a careful treatment of the normal ordering ambiguity. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

As part of studies into the siting of a deep repository for nuclear waste, Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company (SKB) has commissioned the Alternative Models Project (AMP). The AMP is a comparison of three alternative modeling approaches for geosphere performance assessment for a single hypothetical site. The hypothetical site, arbitrarily named Aberg is based on parameters from the Aespoe Hard Rock Laboratory in southern Sweden. The Aberg model domain, boundary conditions and canister locations are defined as a common reference case to facilitate comparisons between approaches. This report presents the results of a discrete fracture pathways analysis of the Aberg site, within the context of the SR 97 performance assessment exercise. The Aberg discrete fracture network (DFN) site model is based on consensus Aberg parameters related to the Aespoe HRL site. Discrete fracture pathways are identified from canister locations in a prototype repository design to the surface of ...

Science.gov (United States)

The population growth, changing consumption patterns, and rapid urbanization contribute significantly to the growing volumes of solid waste that are generated in urban settings. As the rate of urbanization increases, demand on the services of solid waste management increases. The rapid urban growth in Langkawi Island, Malaysia, combined with the increasing rates of solid waste production has provided evidence that the traditional solid waste management practices, particularly the methods of waste collection and disposal, are inefficient and quite nonsustainable. Accordingly, municipal managers and planners in Langkawi need to look for and adopt a model for solid waste ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The present guidelines supplement the 'VGB guidelines for the reduction of noise in thermal power plants' with indications for the ordering and quality assurance of the individual noise-producing machines and equipment of power plant operation. These guides are to simplify the commissioning and delivering for the orderer and deliverer. In addition, these guidelines are to lead to a successful cooperation of all parties in the reduction of the sound radiation. A precondition for this is an explanation of the sound technical demands which must be made on the single machines or mechanical equipment in power plant systems. A protection of the neighbourhood as well as operational personnel against noise according to the state of technology is to be achieved by a clear form of ordering and quality assurance. The ordering and assurance procedure for all aggregates in the region of the grounds of a power plant up to the high-voltage side of the machine transformers is included in these ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Research and experimental development comprise innovative and creative work undertaken systematically to increase the stock of knowledge of science, engineering, and society. This knowledge reserve is used to improve living conditions and standards, including economic growth. Research and development (R&D) expenditures are useful measures of the scale and direction of technological innovation within a country, industry, or scientific field. Administrators concerned with economic growth and performance rely on R&D statistics as one possible type of indicator of technological change. R&D statistics are an essential tool in many government programs and evaluations (OECD 1993). The objective of the analysis was to identify and evaluate R&D funding sources, levels, and trends in the energy sectors of selected industrialized countries (Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A large set of data on proton-proton differential cross sections, analyzing powers and the double-polarization parameter A{sub NN} is analyzed employing the Regge formalism. We find that the data available at proton beam momenta from 3GeV/c to 50GeV/c exhibit features that are very well in line with the general characteristics of Regge phenomenology and can be described with a model that includes the {rho}, {omega}, f{sub 2}, and a{sub 2} trajectories and single-Pomeron exchange. Additional data, specifically for spin-dependent observables at forward angles, would be very helpful for testing and refining our Regge model. (orig.)