Technology transfer assessment in the nuclear agreement Brazil-Germany

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cecchi, J.C.

1985-04-01

The three main arguments utilized in the Nuclear Brazil-Germany Agreement celebrated in 1975 were the following: a) the low Brazilian hydroelectric potential insufficient to attend the increasing of electrical energy demand; b) the low cost of nuclear energy related to hydroelectric energy: c) and finally, the nuclear technology transfer, involving inclusive the fuel cycle and that could permit to Brazil self-sufficiency in the nuclear energy field. Thus, this work intends to describe and discussing the 'technology transfer strategy' trying to understand and showing which are its main characteristics, and also which are the real actuals results. (author) [pt

Nuclear power plant safety in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lederman, L.

1980-01-01

The Code of Practice for the Safe Operation of Nuclear Power Plants states that: 'In discharging its responsibility for public health and safety, the government should ensure that the operational safety of a nuclear reactor is subject to surveillance by a regulatory body independent of the operating organization'. In Brazil this task is being carried out by the Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear in accordance with the best international practice. (orig./RW)

Obstacles to the nuclear technology development in Brazil: from the beginning of atomic age to the Brazil-Germany Nuclear Agreement; Entraves ao desenvolvimento da tecnologia nuclear no Brasil: dos primordios da era atomica ao Acordo Nuclear Brasil-Alemanha

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Medeiros, Tharsila Reis de

2005-07-01

This paper intends to comprehend the Brazilian social actors' efforts applied to the nuclear energy control, from the beginning of Atomic Age to Brazil-Germany Nuclear Agreement. It tries to demonstrate that the limits of The Brazilian nuclear development in this period derive from the capitalist development dynamics in Brazil and from the absence of continuity on the motivations of its nuclear policy. (author)

Obstacles to the nuclear technology development in Brazil: from the beginning of atomic age to the Brazil-Germany Nuclear Agreement; Entraves ao desenvolvimento da tecnologia nuclear no Brasil: dos primordios da era atomica ao Acordo Nuclear Brasil-Alemanha

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Medeiros, Tharsila Reis de

2005-07-01

This paper intends to comprehend the Brazilian social actors' efforts applied to the nuclear energy control, from the beginning of Atomic Age to Brazil-Germany Nuclear Agreement. It tries to demonstrate that the limits of The Brazilian nuclear development in this period derive from the capitalist development dynamics in Brazil and from the absence of continuity on the motivations of its nuclear policy. (author)

Síntese de redes de reatores para condições isotérmicas - DOI: 10.4025/actascitechnol.v30i2.5494

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lincoln Kotsuka da Silva

2008-10-01

Full Text Available No presente trabalho apresenta-se um procedimento computacional para síntese de redes de reatores (SRR operando em condições isotérmicas. Uma superestrutura de rede de reatores formada por reatores ideais CSTR e PFR é proposta e o problema apresenta uma formulação de programação não linear (PNL. São consideradas reações complexas (série/paralelas. A função objetivo é baseada no rendimento ou na seletividade em relação ao produto desejado, sujeito a diferentes condições de operação. As restrições ao problema são provenientes dos balanços de massa e da configuração da superestrutura considerada. No procedimento computacional é proposto um Algoritmo Genético (AG para obtenção do arranjo ótimo de reatores com máximo rendimento ou seletividade com menor volume reacional. Os resultados obtidos são condizentes com os obtidos na literatura.

Replacing nuclear staff: The proactive work at IPEN/CNEN-SP-Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pupak, M.O.; Rogero, J.R.

2005-01-01

The purpose of this paper was to bring out the actual situation of Nuclear Education and Training in Brazil. Accordingly, this paper overviews the situation of educational matters in Latin America, especially in Brazil, in terms of efficiency and effectiveness of its superior education system. Mainly, this paper points out the replacing of nuclear staff and the proactive work of the Energy and Nuclear Research Institute (IPEN) of the Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission (CNEN). (author)

Avaliação da suscetibilidade à corrosão sob tensão da ZAC do aço inoxidável AISI 316L em ambiente de reator nuclear PWR Stress corrosion cracking of stainless steel AISI 316L HAZ in PWR Nuclear reactor environment

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mônica Maria de Abreu Mendonça Schvartzman

2009-09-01

Full Text Available Aços carbono de baixa liga e aços inoxidáveis são amplamente utilizados nos circuitos primários de reatores nucleares do tipo PWR (Pressurized Water Reactor. Ligas de níquel são empregadas na soldagem destes materiais devido a características como elevadas resistências mecânica e à corrosão, coeficiente de expansão térmica adequado, etc. Nos últimos 30 anos, a corrosão sob tensão (CST tem sido observada principalmente nas regiões das soldas entre materiais dissimilares existentes nestes reatores. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar, por comparação, a suscetibilidade à corrosão sob tensão da zona afetada pelo calor (ZAC do aço inoxidável austenítico AISI 316L quando submetida a um ambiente similar ao do circuito primário de um reator nuclear PWR nas temperaturas de 303ºC e 325ºC. Para esta avaliação empregou-se o ensaio de taxa de deformação lenta - SSRT (Slow Strain Rate Test. Os resultados indicaram que a CST é ativada termicamente e que a 325ºC pode-se observar a presença mais significativa de fratura frágil decorrente do processo de corrosão sob tensão.In pressurized water reactors (PWRs, low alloy carbon steels and stainless steel are widely used in the primary water circuits. In most cases, Ni alloys are used to joint these materials and form dissimilar welds. These alloys are known to accommodate the differences in composition and thermal expansion of the two materials. Stress corrosion cracking of metals and alloys is caused by synergistic effects of environment, material condition and stress. Over the last thirty years, CST has been observed in dissimilar metal welds. This study presents a comparative work between the CST in the HAZ (Heat Affected Zone of the AISI 316L in two different temperatures (303ºC and 325ºC. The susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking was assessed using the slow strain rate tensile (SSRT test. The results of the SSRT tests indicated that CST is a thermally

High temperature fast reactor for hydrogen production in Brazil; Reator nuclear rapido de altissima temperatura para producao de hidrogenio no Brasil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nascimento, Jamil A. do; Ono, Shizuca; Guimaraes, Lamartine N.F. [Centro Tecnico Aeroespacial (CTA-IEAv), Sao Jose dos Campos, SP (Brazil). Inst. de Estudos Avancados]. E-mail: jamil@ieav.cta.br

2008-07-01

The main nuclear reactors technology for the Generation IV, on development phase for utilization after 2030, is the fast reactor type with high temperature output to improve the efficiency of the thermo-electric conversion process and to enable applications of the generated heat in industrial process. Currently, water electrolysis and thermo chemical cycles using very high temperature are studied for large scale and long-term hydrogen production, in the future. With the possible oil scarcity and price rise, and the global warming, this application can play an important role in the changes of the world energy matrix. In this context, it is proposed a fast reactor with very high output temperature, {approx} 1000 deg C. This reactor will have a closed fuel cycle; it will be cooled by lead and loaded with nitride fuel. This reactor may be used for hydrogen, heat and electricity production in Brazil. It is discussed a development strategy of the necessary technologies and some important problems are commented. The proposed concept presents characteristics that meet the requirements of the Generation IV reactor class. (author)

Future of nuclear energy for electricity generation in Brazil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Maiorino, Jose R.; Moreira, Joao M.L.; Carajlescov, Pedro, E-mail: joserubens.maiorino@ufabc.edu.br, E-mail: joao.moreira@ufabc.edu.br, E-mail: pedro.carajlescov@ufabc.edu.br [Universidade Federal do ABC (CECS/UFABC), Santo Andre, SP (Brazil). Centro de Engenharia, Modelagem e Ciencias Aplicadas

2015-07-01

We discuss in this paper the medium- and long- terms evolution of nuclear power in Brazil considering official governmental studies and reports prepared by research groups. The documents reviewed include the national energy balance (BEN, 2014), the short-term planning (PDEE, 2023) and long-term planning (PNE-2030) documents emitted by EPE, and studies conducted by independent institutions and researchers. The studies consider different scenarios regarding gross national product growth and institutional development for the country and conclude that nuclear power should increase its role in Brazil. The generation matrix should diversity by 2030 and 2040 with hydropower decreasing its share from today's 70 % to values between 47 and 57 %. Nuclear power is considered a viable alternative for base load electricity generation in Brazil; to reduce generation risks during dry seasons, and to facilitate the operation of the whole power generation system. The share of nuclear power may reach values between 8 % and 15 % by 2040 according to different scenarios. To meet such growth and facilitate new investments, it is necessary to change the legal framework of the sector, and allow private ownership of enterprises to build and operate nuclear power plants in the country. (author)

Future of nuclear energy for electricity generation in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maiorino, Jose R.; Moreira, Joao M.L.; Carajlescov, Pedro

2015-01-01

We discuss in this paper the medium- and long- terms evolution of nuclear power in Brazil considering official governmental studies and reports prepared by research groups. The documents reviewed include the national energy balance (BEN, 2014), the short-term planning (PDEE, 2023) and long-term planning (PNE-2030) documents emitted by EPE, and studies conducted by independent institutions and researchers. The studies consider different scenarios regarding gross national product growth and institutional development for the country and conclude that nuclear power should increase its role in Brazil. The generation matrix should diversity by 2030 and 2040 with hydropower decreasing its share from today's 70 % to values between 47 and 57 %. Nuclear power is considered a viable alternative for base load electricity generation in Brazil; to reduce generation risks during dry seasons, and to facilitate the operation of the whole power generation system. The share of nuclear power may reach values between 8 % and 15 % by 2040 according to different scenarios. To meet such growth and facilitate new investments, it is necessary to change the legal framework of the sector, and allow private ownership of enterprises to build and operate nuclear power plants in the country. (author)

Sustainability indicators to nuclear research centers in Brazil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Alves, Simone F.; Feliciano, Vanusa Maria D.; Barreto, Alberto A., E-mail: symonfonseca@yahoo.com.br, E-mail: vmfj@cdtn.br, E-mail: aab@cdtn.br [Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear (CDTN/CNEN-MG), Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil)

2015-07-01

The relevance and applicability of sustainability indicators have been discussed in various international and national debates through forums, conferences, seminars and lectures. The information obtained from the use of these indicators is essential to the decision-making process, contributing to the creation of discussion channels and interaction with society; also it is useful for the design and implementation of environmental education programs, perception and risk communication. So far, at least in Brazil, existing indicators for the nuclear area are related only to power generation, as performance and safety in radioactive waste management. According to this reality we see the need to build indicators that contribute to the assessment of environmental, social, cultural, economic and institutional performance of a nuclear innovation and research institute in Brazil. This work aims to highlight, through literature review, the importance of developing sustainability indicators appropriate to nuclear research centers in Brazil, revealing how much they are strategic to measuring the sustainability of these endeavours. The main finding, after the literature review, is that this type of indicator is important not only to identify positive or negative impacts of a project focused on the research and innovation of nuclear area, but also for assessment of his commitment to the sustainable development. (author)

Sustainability indicators to nuclear research centers in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alves, Simone F.; Feliciano, Vanusa Maria D.; Barreto, Alberto A.

2015-01-01

The relevance and applicability of sustainability indicators have been discussed in various international and national debates through forums, conferences, seminars and lectures. The information obtained from the use of these indicators is essential to the decision-making process, contributing to the creation of discussion channels and interaction with society; also it is useful for the design and implementation of environmental education programs, perception and risk communication. So far, at least in Brazil, existing indicators for the nuclear area are related only to power generation, as performance and safety in radioactive waste management. According to this reality we see the need to build indicators that contribute to the assessment of environmental, social, cultural, economic and institutional performance of a nuclear innovation and research institute in Brazil. This work aims to highlight, through literature review, the importance of developing sustainability indicators appropriate to nuclear research centers in Brazil, revealing how much they are strategic to measuring the sustainability of these endeavours. The main finding, after the literature review, is that this type of indicator is important not only to identify positive or negative impacts of a project focused on the research and innovation of nuclear area, but also for assessment of his commitment to the sustainable development. (author)

The importance of nuclear energy for the expansion of Brazil's electricity grid

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Santos, Ricardo Luis Pereira dos; Rosa, Luiz Pinguelli; Arouca, Maurício Cardoso; Ribeiro, Alan Emanuel Duailibe

2013-01-01

This article analyzes the thermal energy options available in the country to support the expansion of Brazil's electricity grid capacity. The country's electricity mix consists primarily of renewable sources of energy and this configuration will be maintained throughout the 21st century. However, grid expansion can no longer benefit from hydroelectric power plants with large reservoirs leading to a greater participation of thermal power plants. Among the thermal sources available in the country, nuclear power has important comparative advantages. Recognizing these benefits, the Brazilian government has established that expanding electricity grid capacity will amount to up to 8000 MW through nuclear energy by 2030. The use of nuclear technology for electricity generation has historically been a controversial issue worldwide and some countries have decided to review their nuclear programs in the aftermath of the 2011 Fukushima nuclear accident. This article shows that increasing the participation of nuclear energy in Brazil's electricity grid will provide important benefits for the country by ensuring energy security, keeping Brazil's electricity mix as one of the cleanest in the world, securing electricity grid reliability and safety and reducing operating costs. - Highlights: • The expansion of the power capacity is essential to support the economic growth. • The increase through hydropower cannot benefit from storage reservoirs. • It will be necessary to increase the capacity thermal power. • Nuclear power has significant comparative advantages in Brazil. • Brazil has institutional base, uranium reserves and nuclear technology

A nuclear power reactor concept for Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sefidvash, F.

1980-01-01

For the purpose of developing an independent national nuclear technology and effective manner of transferring such a technology, as well as developing a modern reactor, a new nuclear power reactor concept is proposed which is considered as a suitable and viable project for Brazil to support its development and finally construct its prototype as an indigeneous venture. (Author) [pt

Nuclear cooperation between Brazil and Federal Republic of Germany

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Syllus, C.

1989-01-01

The Brazil-Federal Republic of Germany Cooperation Agreement for constructing nuclear power plants, and the process of nuclear tecnology transfer in the different areas of design, are discussed. (M.C.K.) [pt

Pós-tratamento de efluente nitrificado da parboilização de arroz utilizando desnitrificação em reator UASB Post-treatment a nitrified parboilized rice wastewater using denitrification in UASB reactor

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Loraine Andre Isoldi

2005-12-01

Full Text Available Um sistema combinado reator UASB-reator aeróbio foi utilizado para a remoção de nitrogênio total e DQO de efluente de parboilização de arroz. O experimento foi realizado em reatores de bancada, com volumes de 4 L (UASB e 3,6 L (reator aeróbio. Os parâmetros de operação pH, temperatura, alcalinidade e concentração de ácidos voláteis foram monitorados durante o período experimental. Para o reator aeróbio de mistura completa, foi determinada, também, a concentração de oxigênio dissolvido. O sistema combinado reator UASB-reator aeróbio apresentou uma eficiência de remoção de carbono de 84% e uma eficiência de remoção de nitrogênio total Kjeldahl de 83%. O sistema proposto, nas condições experimentais, demonstrou ser adequado para remoção, simultânea, de DQO e de compostos oxidados de nitrogênio, em reator UASB.An UASB-aerobic reactor system was used for the removal of total nitrogen and COD of effluent from industries of parboilized rice. The experiment was performed in reactors with volumes of 4 L (UASB reactor and 3,6 L (aerobic reactor, respectevely. Temperature, pH, alkalinity and volatile acids concentration were monitored during the experiment. Dissolved oxygen concentration was determined for the aerobic reactor. The UASB-aerobic reactor system showed 84% carbon removal efficiency and 83% total Kjeldahl nitrogen removal efficiency. This system was able to remove, efficiently, COD and nitrogen in an UASB reactor.

Nuclear fuel cycle facilities and RP: the case of Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tranjan Filho, Alfredo; Costa, Cesar Gustavo S.

2008-01-01

Full text: The renewed nuclear energy scenario, national and worldwide, calls for the strengthening of all activities involving the nuclear fuel production, from uranium extraction at the mines to fuel assemblies delivery at the nuclear power plants, which in Brazil is the mission of the Industrias Nucleares do Brasil (INB). With only a third of its territory prospected, Brazil currently has the sixth largest uranium reserve in the world. Brazil's three main deposits are: the Caldas mine (in the state of Minas Gerais) the first mineral-industrial complex that processed uranium, developed in 1982, and presently being decommissioned; Caetite mine and processing facility (located in the state of Bahia), nowadays operational and with a current production capacity of 400 tonnes per year of uranium concentrates, being in trend of doubling its annual capacity; and the Itataia/Santa Quiteria deposit (in Ceara State), the largest geological uranium reserve in Brazil, although its feasible future production depends on the exploration of the phosphate associated to it. Concerning the nuclear fuel fabrication, INB plant at Resende (in the state of Rio de Janeiro) is responsible for the conversion of Uf 6 to UO 2 the production of fuel pellets and the assembly of the fuel elements, in order to supply the demands of Brazil's two operating PWR (Angra 1 and Angra 2). In addition, in May 2006, INB-Resende inaugurated the uranium enrichment facility, employing the ultra-centrifugation technology. Today still in its first phase of operation, when completed the enrichment facility is intended to provide 100 percent of the domestic requirements, eventually by the year 2015. Detailing present status and future perspectives of INB, in face of the global and national renaissance of nuclear energy, this paper addresses the Radiation Protection (RP) aspects related to INB's achievements and performance, as well as the pressing future challenges to be dealt with, in order to guarantee

State regulation of nuclear sector: comparative study of Argentina and Brazil models

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Monteiro Filho, Joselio Silveira

2004-08-01

This research presents a comparative assessment of the regulation models of the nuclear sector in Argentina - under the responsibility of the Autoridad Regulatoria Nuclear (ARN), and Brazil - under the responsibility of Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CNEN), trying to identify which model is more adequate aiming the safe use of nuclear energy. Due to the methodology adopted, the theoretical framework resulted in criteria of analysis that corresponds to the characteristics of the Brazilian regulatory agencies created for other economic sector during the State reform staring in the middle of the nineties. Later, these criteria of analysis were used as comparison patterns between the regulation models of the nuclear sectors of Argentina and Brazil. The comparative assessment showed that the regulatory structure of the nuclear sector in Argentina seems to be more adequate, concerning the safe use of nuclear energy, than the model adopted in Brazil by CNEN, because its incorporates the criteria of functional, institutional and financial independence, competence definitions, technical excellence and transparency, indispensable to the development of its functions with autonomy, ethics, exemption and agility. (author)

Second national report of Brazil for the nuclear safety convention - September 2001

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2001-09-01

This National Report was prepared by a group composed of representatives of the various Brazilian organizations with responsibilities in the field of nuclear safety, aiming the fulfilling the Convention of Nuclear Energy obligations. The Report contains a description of the Brazilian policy and programme on the safety of nuclear installations, and an article by article description of the measures Brazil is undertaking in order to implement the obligations described in the Convention. The chapter 6 describes plans and future activities to further enhance the safety of nuclear installations in Brazil

Second national report of Brazil for the nuclear safety convention - September 2001

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-09-01

This National Report was prepared by a group composed of representatives of the various Brazilian organizations with responsibilities in the field of nuclear safety, aiming the fulfilling the Convention of Nuclear Energy obligations. The Report contains a description of the Brazilian policy and programme on the safety of nuclear installations, and an article by article description of the measures Brazil is undertaking in order to implement the obligations described in the Convention. The chapter 6 describes plans and future activities to further enhance the safety of nuclear installations in Brazil.

Simulação computacional do processamento catalítico do glicerol em reator de leito gotejante para a obtenção 1,2-propanodiol e etilenoglicol

OpenAIRE

MELO, Rafael Araújo

2015-01-01

O uso de sistemas contínuos é extensivamente empregado na indústria química uma vez que essa prática acarreta em processos mais eficientes que os descontínuos. No patamar atual, a reação de hidrogenólise do glicerol foi conduzida em reatores descontínuos do tipo leito de lama, tais reatores são indicados apenas para uso em produções em baixa escala como laboratórios e pequenas unidades industriais. Esse trabalho visou à possibilidade da implantação desta reação em reator de leito gotejante (c...

Communication challenges in the perspective of nuclear organizations in Brazil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Machado, Tariana Brocardo, E-mail: tariana@usp.br [Universidade de São Paulo (USP), SP (Brazil). Escola de Comunicações e Artes

2017-07-01

The aim of this paper is to discuss the results of a study which reveals the communication challenges faced by organizations of the nuclear segment in Brazil towards its public acceptance. This is a descriptive study with qualitative approach based on primary data collection made through interview with non-probabilistic sample and categorical content analysis as method. The study was carried out with managers, technicians and communicators of three representative organizations of the segment in the country – CNEN, Eletronuclear and IPEN – in the period ranging from October, 2015, to March, 2016, as part of a greater study composing the author’s Master’s dissertation presented at Universidade de São Paulo in October, 2016. As results, the main communication challenges spotted by nuclear professionals in Brazil are lack of public acceptance of the nuclear energy in the country, followed by low levels of communication of the benefits of the nuclear field, lack of budget for investing in communication strategy and activities and institutional bureaucracy, as well as political motives and professionals being politically appointed for holding communication positions. Other communication-related challenges faced by the nuclear field in Brazil mentioned by interviewees include employees without adequate amount of time to dedicate to communication or unfit for this specific work, excessive use of technical language, discredit of the nuclear area within local society, lack of interest by the media and difficulty for hiring new communication professionals. This research was financially supported by CAPES. 1. (author)

Communication challenges in the perspective of nuclear organizations in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Machado, Tariana Brocardo

2017-01-01

The aim of this paper is to discuss the results of a study which reveals the communication challenges faced by organizations of the nuclear segment in Brazil towards its public acceptance. This is a descriptive study with qualitative approach based on primary data collection made through interview with non-probabilistic sample and categorical content analysis as method. The study was carried out with managers, technicians and communicators of three representative organizations of the segment in the country – CNEN, Eletronuclear and IPEN – in the period ranging from October, 2015, to March, 2016, as part of a greater study composing the author’s Master’s dissertation presented at Universidade de São Paulo in October, 2016. As results, the main communication challenges spotted by nuclear professionals in Brazil are lack of public acceptance of the nuclear energy in the country, followed by low levels of communication of the benefits of the nuclear field, lack of budget for investing in communication strategy and activities and institutional bureaucracy, as well as political motives and professionals being politically appointed for holding communication positions. Other communication-related challenges faced by the nuclear field in Brazil mentioned by interviewees include employees without adequate amount of time to dedicate to communication or unfit for this specific work, excessive use of technical language, discredit of the nuclear area within local society, lack of interest by the media and difficulty for hiring new communication professionals. This research was financially supported by CAPES. 1. (author)

Reactor network synthesis for isothermal conditions = Síntese de redes de reatores para condições isotérmicas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lincoln Kotsuka da Silva

2008-07-01

Full Text Available In the present paper, a computational systematic procedure for isothermal Reactor Network Synthesis (RNS is presented. A superstructure of ideal CSTR and PFR reactors is proposed and the model is formulated as a constrained Nonlinear Programming (NLP problem. Complex reactions (series/parallel reactions are considered. The objective function is based on yield or selectivity, depending on the desired product, subject to different operational conditions. The problem constraints are mass balances in the reactorsand in the considered reactor network superstructure. A systematic computational procedure is proposed and a Genetic Algorithm (GA is developed to obtain the optimal reactor arrangement with the maximum yield or selectivity and minimum reactor volume. Results are as good as or better than those reported in the literature.No presentetrabalho apresenta-se um procedimento computacional para síntese de redes de reatores (SRR operando em condições isotérmicas. Uma superestrutura de rede de reatores formada por reatores ideais CSTR e PFR é proposta e o problema apresenta uma formulação de programação não linear (PNL. São consideradas reações complexas (série/paralelas. A função objetivo é baseada no rendimento ou na seletividade em relação ao produto desejado, sujeito a diferentes condições de operação. As restrições ao problema são provenientes dos balanços de massa e da configuração da superestrutura considerada.No procedimento computacional é proposto um Algoritmo Genético (AG para obtenção do arranjo ótimo de reatores com máximo rendimento ou seletividade com menor volume reacional. Os resultados obtidos são condizentes com os obtidos na literatura.

Basic information to improve public acceptance to nuclear energy in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gibelli, Sonia M.O.; Lima e Silva, Pedro Paulo de; Xavier, Ana Maria

1997-01-01

In Brazil, the current production of nuclear energy is restricted to Angra I plant, a 657 MW pressurized water reactor, in operation since 1982. Among the eight units predicted in 1975 within the Brazil Germany nuclear agreement, only two have been effectively contracted, namely Angra 2 and 3. The nuclear alternative, likewise all other energy sources, is very much dependable on the assessment of their own benefits compared to the associated risks posed to the population and the environment. The main goal of this article is to provide information to enable the improvement of public acceptance of the use of nuclear energy in the country, by comparing risks associated with different sources as well as pointing out aspects related to risk perception by the public. (author)

Avaliação microscópica da endogenia microbiana em reatores UASB concêntricos, tratando água residuária do processamento dos frutos do cafeeiro por via úmida - doi: 10.4025/actascitechnol.v33i2.8291

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Júlia Ferreira da Silva

2011-04-01

Full Text Available Com a utilização de duas técnicas de microscopia, eletrônica de varredura (MEV e de epifluorescência, objetivou-se investigar o processo de endogenia da biomassa presente em reatores de manta de lodo e fluxo ascendente (UASB, do inglês upflow anaerobic sludge blancket. Dois reatores UASB concêntricos, funcionando em série, inseridos em um sistema-piloto de tratamento de águas residuárias do processamento dos frutos do cafeeiro por via úmida, foram monitorados quanto aos parâmetros físico-químicos e microbiológicos. Os reatores UASB operaram em campo, com oscilação de temperatura ambiente entre 16,5 e 38,8°C; as temperaturas do afluente e efluente dos reatores variaram de 16,3 a 27,3°C, respectivamente. Os dados iniciais obtidos para a demanda química de oxigênio (DQO foram de 1.349 e 1.173 mg L-1, sendo, ao final do monitoramento atingido os valores de 120 e 102 mg L-1 para os reatores 1 e 2, respectivamente. Concluiu-se que a microscopia aplicada ao perfil de sólidos dos reatores é muito importante e deve ser empregada como parâmetro de qualificação do lodo cultivado em reatores UASB, especialmente quando do decaimento bacteriano.

Availability analysis of the nuclear instrumentation of a research reactor; Analise da disponibilidade da instrumentacao nuclear de um reator de pesquisa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vianna Filho, Alfredo Marques

2016-07-01

The maintenance of systems and equipment is a central question related to Production Engineering. Although systems are not fully reliable, it is often necessary to minimize the failure occurrence likelihood. The failures occurrences can have disastrous consequences during a plane flight or operation of a nuclear power plant. The elaboration of a maintenance plan has as objective the prevention and recovery from system failures, increasing reliability and reducing the cost of unplanned shutdowns. It is also important to consider the issues related to organizations safety, especially those dealing with dangerous technologies. The objective of this thesis is to propose a method for maintenance analysis of a nuclear research reactor, using a socio-technical approach, and focused on existing conditions in Brazil. The research reactor studied belongs to the federal government and it is located in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The specific objective of this thesis is to develop the availability analysis of one of the principal systems of the research reactor, the nuclear instrumentation system. In this analysis, were taken into account not only the technical aspects of the modules related to nuclear instrumentation system, but also the human and organizational factors that could affect the availability of the nuclear instrumentation system. The results showed the influence of these factors on the availability of the nuclear instrumentation system. (author)

The monopoly of the nuclear activities in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Santanna, Luciano Portal

2009-01-01

The difficulty in dealing with some technical and legal concepts related to use of radioactivity and nuclear energy, combined with a confusing law silent and many respects outdated, doubts arise and often, misconceptions about scope of the monopoly of the Federal Government on activities with nuclear ores and minerals and derivatives. With an interdisciplinary approach, the aim of this work address key aspects of the legal regime of nuclear activities and facilities in Brazil, distinguishing it from that applicable to the activities and radiative facilities

Brazil-Argentina bilateral cooperation - Protocol 11. Nuclear safety and radiation protection. Visit of CNEA engineers to Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gasparian, A.E.

1991-01-01

The activities carried out by Techniques of Argentine Organization (CNEA) during visitation to Angra dos Reis (Brazil) are related. Licensing procedures for nuclear installations (reactors), and transport, licensing of personnels for nuclear installations, quality assurance and regulatory inspections were discussed. (M.C.K.)

Evolution of the physical protection and control of nuclear materials in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Paschoa, A.S.; Renha, G.; Mafra, O.Y.

2005-01-01

Full text: Brazil started protecting its nuclear materials soon after the end of the World War II, when the Combined Development Trust intended to control the world supply of uranium and thorium. This happened in 1944, but on December 27, 1946, an amendment to the report of Committee II of the United Nations established that the international ownership of the unexplored uranium and thorium would not be mandatory. Brazil nationalized its thorium and uranium reserves in 1951. The Brazil-Germany agreement signed in 1975 enhanced the need for Brazilian nuclear safeguards and security. The physical protection (PP) and control of nuclear materials (CNM) became activities under the supervision of the Brazilian military forces. The System for Protection of the Brazilian Nuclear Program (SIPRON), established on 7 October 1980, took over the responsibilities for PP and other aspects of the Brazilian nuclear program. The central organ of SIPRON was the Brazilian National Security Council (CSN). The Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission (CNEN) was in charge of coordinating, among others, the PP sector. Earlier that year - on 3 March 1980 - the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material (CPPNM) was signed simultaneously in New York and Vienna. The Brazilian congress approved the CPPNM on 27 November 1984, and the Brazilian government deposited the ratification letter on 17 October 1985. On 16 April 1991 the Brazilian government issued a decree to enforce the CPPNM in the Brazilian territory. CNEN published the regulatory documents NE - 2.01 on 19 April 1996, and NN - 2.02 on 21 September 1999 for PP, and CNM, respectively. CNEN has the ultimate responsibility to enforce these regulations. The operational aspects of PP and CNM in Brazil are still improving. Potential nuclear terrorism for example needs to be examined. Activities concerning training personnel and implementing PP and CNM will be described in the paper. (author)

Enriquecimento de microrganismos metanotróficos a partir de lodo de reator UASB tratando esgotos domésticos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luciene Alves Batista Siniscalchi

2016-03-01

Full Text Available RESUMO Nesse estudo, microrganismos metanotróficos foram enriquecidos a partir de lodo proveniente de um reator UASB tratando esgotos domésticos em reator em batelada sequencial (RBS com meio autotrófico contendo nitrito e nitrato. As eficiências médias de remoção de nitrito e nitrato foram de 68% e 53%, respectivamente, provavelmente devido à atividade heterotrófica desnitrificante. A detecção de arquéias dos grupos ANME-I e ANME-II foram realizadas por PCR durante todo período de cultivo. A estrutura da comunidade microbiana presente no inóculo e enriquecida no RBS após 100 dias de operação foi estudada por pirosequenciamento. Os resultados das análises demonstraram que a comunidade enriquecida no reator foi diferente à inoculada. Os filos dominantes no inóculo foram Synergistestes , Firmicutes e Euryarchaeota , ao passo que na biomassa enriquecida Planctomycetes, Verrucomicrobia, Chloroflexi e Proteobacteria predominaram. As condições de cultivo do RBS reduziram a abundância de Methanobacterium (8% para 1% e selecionaram bactérias metanotróficas como Methylocaldum , Methylocistis e Methylosinus . As sequências de Methylocaldum sp. apresentaram abundância relativa de 2.5%. A presença e elevada predominância do filo Verrucomicrobia na biomassa enriquecida do RBS sugere que outras espécies de metanotróficas, ainda pouco conhecidas, relacionadas a este filo podem estar presentes no reator. O potencial de oxidação anaeróbia do metano foi determinado para ambas amostras e revelaram que a atividade metanotrófica da biomassa foi aproximadamente três vezes maior que a do inóculo. Em suma, estes resultados sugerem que o inóculo usado e as condições de cultivo aplicadas foram adequados para o enriquecimento de metanotróficas.

The potential of nuclear energy to generate clean electric power in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stecher, Luiza C.; Sabundjian, Gaiane; Menzel, Francine; Giarola, Rodrigo S.; Coelho, Talita S.

2013-01-01

The generation of electricity in Brazil is concentrated in hydroelectric generation, renewable and clean source, but that does not satisfy all the demand and leads to necessity of a supplementary thermal sources portion. Considering the predictions of increase in demand for electricity in the next years, it becomes necessary to insert new sources to complement the production taking into account both the volume being produced and the needs of environmental preservation. Thus, nuclear power can be considered a potential supplementary source for electricity generation in Brazil as well as the country has large reserves of fissile material, the generation emits no greenhouse gases, the country has technological mastery of the fuel cycle and it enables the production of large volumes of clean energy. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the potential of nuclear energy in electricity production in Brazil cleanly and safely, ensuring the supplies necessary to maintain the country's economic growth and the increased demand sustainable. For this, will be made an analysis of economic and social indicators of the characteristics of our energy matrix and the availability of our sources, as well as a description of the nuclear source and arguments that justify a higher share of nuclear energy in the matrix of the country. Then, after these analysis, will notice that the generation of electricity from nuclear source has all the conditions to supplement safely and clean supply of electricity in Brazil. (author)

Multipurpose nuclear process heat for energy supply in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hansen, U.; Inden, P.; Oesterwind, D.; Hukai, R.Y.; Pessine, R.T.; Pieroni, R.R.; Visoni, E.

1978-11-01

The industrialized nations require 75% of the energy as heat and it is likely that developing countries in the course of industrialization will show a comparable energy consumption structure. The High Temperature Reactor (HTR) allows the utilization of nuclear energy at high temperatures as process heat. In the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) the development in the relevant technical areas is well advanced and warrants investigation as a matter for transfer to Brazil. In Brazil nuclear process heat finds possible applications in steel making, shale oil extraction, petroleum refining, and in the more distant future coal gasification with distribution networks. Based on growth forecasts for these industries a theoretical potential market of 38-53 GW (th) can be identified. At present nuclear process heat is marginally more expensive than conventional fossil technologies but the anticipated development is expected to add an economic incentive to the emerging necessity of providing a sound energy base in the developing countries. (author)

Modelagem e simulação de reator de leito expandido aplicado ao hidroprocessamento de oleos pesados e residuos de destilação

OpenAIRE

João Capistrano Nobre de Abreu

1995-01-01

Resumo: O presente trabalho apresenta a modelagem e simulação de um reator de leito fluidizado trifásico aplicado ao hidroprocessamento de óleos pesados e resíduos de destilação. Duas reações principais foram consideradas no desenvolvimento do modelo, o hidrocraqueamento e a hidrodemetalização tendo sido a primeira considerada como exclusivamente térmica e a segunda como catalítica. O grau de mistura do reator foi representado de duas maneiras distintas. Inicialmente, considerou-se o sistem...

INPRO economic assessment of the IRIS nuclear reactor for deployment in Brazil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Goncalves Filho, Orlando Joao Agostinho, E-mail: orlando@ien.gov.br [Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear (IEN/CNEN - RJ), Rua Helio de Almeida, 75, Cidade Universitaria, Ilha do Fundao, 21941-906 Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2011-06-15

Highlights: > First INPRO evaluation of IRIS economic competitiveness for deployment in Brazil. > Plant arrangement of three independent IRIS single units constructed in series. > Angra 3 reactor used as reference design for judgment of IRIS economic potential. > IRIS economically competes with 2nd generation nuclear power plants in Brazil - Abstract: This paper presents the results of the economic assessment of the International Reactor Innovative and Secure (IRIS) for deployment in Brazil using the assessment methodology developed under the International Project on Innovative Nuclear Reactors and Fuel Cycles (INPRO), co-ordinated by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). INPRO initiated in 2001 and has the main objective of helping to ensure that nuclear energy will be available to contribute in a sustainable manner to the energy needs of the 21st century. Among its missions is the development of a methodology to assess innovative nuclear energy systems (INSs) on a global, regional and national basis. In 2005, Brazil submitted a proposal for the assessment of two small-size reactors as components of an INS, completed with a conventional open nuclear fuel cycle based on enriched uranium. One of the reactors assessed was IRIS, a small-size, modular, integral-type PWR reactor. IRIS was evaluated with regard to the areas of reactor safety and economics only. This paper outlines the rationale for the study and summarizes the results of the economic assessment. The study concluded that the reference design of IRIS complies with most of INPRO economics criteria and has potential to comply with the remaining ones.

Public perception of the nuclear area in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Almeida, Renata Araujo de; Moreira, Maria de Lourdes

2013-01-01

Nowadays human dependence on electricity is increasing and as a result access to energy resources and / or energy, is becoming a priority in most countries, both developed and developing. With this comes the need for government involvement in the planning and expansion of energy activities, especially when dealing with nuclear energy. This study makes a detailed assessment of the availability of energy and its capacity, the geographical location of current and future nuclear plants, economic criteria, the deployment period and public opinion concerning the construction of new nuclear plants. The aim of the study is not only to show the advantages of the expansion of nuclear energy in Brazil but also to evaluate public opinion on this issue. (author)

The global nuclear safety regime and its impact in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Almeida, C.

2004-01-01

This work describes the Global Nuclear Safety Regime that was established worldwide after the accident at the Tchernobyl nuclear power plant. This regime is composed of biding international safety conventions, globally accepted safety standard, and a voluntary peer review system. The impact of this Global Regime in Brazil is also discussed. (Author)

Nuclear policy retrospection in Brazil and forecasting for using of small nuclear power plants - SNPs - in the Brazilian electric system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Santos, E.M. dos.

1992-02-01

This thesis highlights the nuclear energy perspectives to regain a prominent place in the world energy mix, as a competitive and safe energy source. Just considering the current international changes in the nuclear power features in the developed countries, it is assessed the suitability and feasibility of defining a new nuclear policy in Brazil, based on the development of small and medium nuclear power reactors - SMNPR. The SMNPR's may be a good nuclear strategy for Brazil to develop a national and evolutionary reactor design with several improvements in safety, by means of passive safety systems. This reactor may play a significant role in the brazilian electrical system in the long term. (author)

Eficiência de lagoas de polimento no pós-tratamento de reator UASB no tratamento de águas residuárias de suinocultura

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A.C.A. Pinto

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Avaliou-se o desempenho de um sistema de lagoas seriadas que recebeu efluentes de reator UASB, no tratamento de águas residuárias de suinocultura. O sistema foi composto de reator anaeróbio de chicanas (RAC, reator UASB, em escala real, e uma série de lagoas (uma lagoa facultativa e três de maturação, em escala piloto. As análises físico-químicas realizadas foram: pH, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO, demanda química de oxigênio (DQO, sólidos suspensos totais (SST, sólidos suspensos voláteis (SSV, nitrogênio amoniacal (N-am., fósforo total (Pt, coliformes totais (CT e Escherichia coli (EC. As lagoas de pós-tratamento contribuíram eficientemente para remoção de nutrientes, matéria orgânica e sólidos, fornecendo um efluente com qualidade para o reuso agrícola ou lançamento em corpos d'água.

Reactors licensing: proposal of an integrated quality and environment regulatory structure for nuclear research reactors in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Serra, Reynaldo Cavalcanti

2014-01-01

A new integrated regulatory structure based on quality and integrated issues has been proposed to be implemented on the licensing process of nuclear research reactors in Brazil. The study starts with a literature review about the licensing process in several countries, all of them members of the International Atomic Energy Agency. After this phase it is performed a comparative study with the Brazilian licensing process to identify good practices (positive aspects), the gaps on it and to propose an approach of an integrated quality and environmental management system, in order to contribute with a new licensing process scheme in Brazil. The literature review considered the following research nuclear reactors: Jules-Horowitz and OSIRIS (France), Hanaro (Korea), Maples 1 and 2 (Canada), OPAL (Australia), Pallas (Holand), ETRR-2 (Egypt) and IEA-R1 (Brazil). The current nuclear research reactors licensing process in Brazil is conducted by two regulatory bodies: the Brazilian National Nuclear Energy Commission (CNEN) and the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA). CNEN is responsible by nuclear issues, while IBAMA by environmental one. To support the study it was applied a questionnaire and interviews based on the current regulatory structure to four nuclear research reactors in Brazil. Nowadays, the nuclear research reactor’s licensing process, in Brazil, has six phases and the environmental licensing process has three phases. A correlation study among these phases leads to a proposal of a new quality and environmental integrated licensing structure with four harmonized phases, hence reducing potential delays in this process. (author)

Application of probabilistic risk assessment in nuclear and environmental licensing processes of nuclear reactors in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mata, Jonatas F.C. da; Vasconcelos, Vanderley de; Mesquita, Amir Z.

2015-01-01

The nuclear accident at Fukushima Daiichi, occurred in Japan in 2011, brought reflections, worldwide, on the management of nuclear and environmental licensing processes of existing nuclear reactors. One of the key lessons learned in this matter, is that the studies of Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Severe Accidents are becoming essential, even in the early stage of a nuclear development project. In Brazil, Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission, CNEN, conducts the nuclear licensing. The organism responsible for the environmental licensing is Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources, IBAMA. In the scope of the licensing processes of these two institutions, the safety analysis is essentially deterministic, complemented by probabilistic studies. The Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA) is the study performed to evaluate the behavior of the nuclear reactor in a sequence of events that may lead to the melting of its core. It includes both probability and consequence estimation of these events, which are called Severe Accidents, allowing to obtain the risk assessment of the plant. Thus, the possible shortcomings in the design of systems are identified, providing basis for safety assessment and improving safety. During the environmental licensing, a Quantitative Risk Analysis (QRA), including probabilistic evaluations, is required in order to support the development of the Risk Analysis Study, the Risk Management Program and the Emergency Plan. This article aims to provide an overview of probabilistic risk assessment methodologies and their applications in nuclear and environmental licensing processes of nuclear reactors in Brazil. (author)

Application of probabilistic risk assessment in nuclear and environmental licensing processes of nuclear reactors in Brazil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mata, Jonatas F.C. da; Vasconcelos, Vanderley de; Mesquita, Amir Z., E-mail: jonatasfmata@yahoo.com.br, E-mail: vasconv@cdtn.br, E-mail: amir@cdtn.br [Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear (CDTN/CNEN-MG), Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil)

2015-07-01

The nuclear accident at Fukushima Daiichi, occurred in Japan in 2011, brought reflections, worldwide, on the management of nuclear and environmental licensing processes of existing nuclear reactors. One of the key lessons learned in this matter, is that the studies of Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Severe Accidents are becoming essential, even in the early stage of a nuclear development project. In Brazil, Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission, CNEN, conducts the nuclear licensing. The organism responsible for the environmental licensing is Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources, IBAMA. In the scope of the licensing processes of these two institutions, the safety analysis is essentially deterministic, complemented by probabilistic studies. The Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA) is the study performed to evaluate the behavior of the nuclear reactor in a sequence of events that may lead to the melting of its core. It includes both probability and consequence estimation of these events, which are called Severe Accidents, allowing to obtain the risk assessment of the plant. Thus, the possible shortcomings in the design of systems are identified, providing basis for safety assessment and improving safety. During the environmental licensing, a Quantitative Risk Analysis (QRA), including probabilistic evaluations, is required in order to support the development of the Risk Analysis Study, the Risk Management Program and the Emergency Plan. This article aims to provide an overview of probabilistic risk assessment methodologies and their applications in nuclear and environmental licensing processes of nuclear reactors in Brazil. (author)

The possibility of clean development mechanism in a nuclear power expansion in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Paris, Alexandre G.; Oliveira, Wagner S.

2009-01-01

The nuclear power expansion is a very controversial topic in Brazil, which needs to be carefully addressed, especially because the national energy supply system is becoming more carbon-intensive. Although most of the electricity generated in Brazil is by hydropower plants, the country's electricity matrix expansion is moving towards a larger participation of fossil fuel thermo power generation which is contrarily the global objects of climate change mitigation. Climate change is a reality and the choice facing this problem is between action and delay. There will be needed a huge international mobilization, associated with a great amount of financial, political and engineering resources interested for preventing the aggravation of the greenhouse effect. This article analyses, in the possibility of including nuclear power in the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) criteria, the revenue that could be generated from the trading of Certified Emission Reduction (CER) in different scenarios of nuclear power expansion in Brazil. (author)

On the future of nuclear power in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lameiras, Fernando Soares

2002-01-01

The recent optimism related to the resumption of nuclear energy for the generation of electricity in Brazil has been based on investments by the actual government to finish Angra II, the expansion of INB's facilities, the electricity supply crisis, and, on the external plan, the announcement of the Energy Plan of the George W. Bush government. However, for this resumption to take hold, it is necessary that the nuclear enterprises decrease their dependence on State resources and enter the nuclear power international market. With these measures, it was sought to demonstrate that the interest of the private capital could appear, making feasible the construction of new nuclear power plants. In fact, the major hurdle to the increase of the use of nuclear power is in the economic area. The State does not have resources available to afford the investments necessary to build new nuclear power plants. In contrast, the private sector prefers other alternatives which require less investment and afford faster capital return rates. (author)

The monopoly of the nuclear activities in Brazil; O monopolio das atividades nucleares no Brasil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Santanna, Luciano Portal

2009-07-01

The difficulty in dealing with some technical and legal concepts related to use of radioactivity and nuclear energy, combined with a confusing law silent and many respects outdated, doubts arise and often, misconceptions about scope of the monopoly of the Federal Government on activities with nuclear ores and minerals and derivatives. With an interdisciplinary approach, the aim of this work address key aspects of the legal regime of nuclear activities and facilities in Brazil, distinguishing it from that applicable to the activities and radiative facilities.

ABACC - Brazil-Argentina Agency for Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials, a model of integration and transparence

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oliveira, Antonio A.; Do Canto, Odilon Marcusso

2013-01-01

Argentina and Brazil began its activities in the nuclear area about the same time, in the 50 century past. The existence of an international nuclear nonproliferation treaty-TNP-seen by Brazil and Argentina as discriminatory and prejudicial to the interests of the countries without nuclear weapons, led to the need for a common system of control of nuclear material between the two countries to somehow provide assurances to the international community of the exclusively peaceful purpose of its nuclear programs. The creation of a common system, assured the establishment of uniform procedures to implement safeguards in Argentina and Brazil, so the same requirements and safeguards procedures took effect in both countries, and the operators of nuclear facilities began to follow the same rules of control of nuclear materials and subjected to the same type of verification and control. On July 18, 1991, the Bilateral Agreement for the Exclusively Peaceful Use of Nuclear Energy created a binational body, the Argentina-Brazil Agency for Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials-ABACC-to implement the so-called Common System of Accounting and Control of Nuclear materials - SCCC. The deal provided, permanently, a clear commitment to use exclusively for peaceful purposes all material and nuclear facilities under the jurisdiction or control of the two countries. The Quadripartite Agreement, signed in December of that year, between the two countries, ABACC and IAEA completed the legal framework for the implementation of comprehensive safeguards system. The 'model ABACC' now represents a paradigmatic framework in the long process of economic, political, technological and cultural integration of the two countries. Argentina and Brazil were able to establish a guarantee system that is unique in the world today and that consolidated and matured over more than twenty years, has earned the respect of the international community

Nuclear power renaissance in Brazil - the need for a positive agenda

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Villar, Heldio P.

2007-01-01

After having promised electricity 'too cheap to meter' and being hailed as a viable alternative to the oil shocks of the 1970s, nuclear power is having one more chance - and most probably the last. Prices are competitive, environmentalists now favour it and concerns over global warming are fast overcoming nuclear power's risks, though the vast majority of the population has no clear idea of which they are. Yet, most countries are reluctant to embrace this technology, even those rich in uranium. Brazil, a uranium-rich, energy-hungry country, is still debating if it is not more appropriate to build power plants that use imported gas or - which is probably worse - Brazilian coal. This paper deals with the current situation, taking Brazil as a model. lt is then suggested that the nuclear sector changes its attitude, thus establishing for itself a positive agenda. Instead of stressing safety as its most important feature, the sector must sell nuclear technology as clean, innovative and affordable. Proposals include a good use of the media and, most of all, the introduction of nuclear topics in schools. This will ensure that nuclear power can have a prominent role in bridging the gap between present and future energy sources. (author)

Discussions and projections about the future demand for nuclear power in Brazil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oliveira, Fabio Branco Vaz de, E-mail: fabio@ipen.b [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil). Nuclear and Engineering Center; Imakuma, Kengo, E-mail: kimakuma@ipen.b [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil). Information Technology Development Dept.

2011-07-01

This paper aims mainly to discuss the current scenarios of power consumption, nuclear power and conventional and uranium resources and, based on that, present projections about the future demand for power generated through atomic fissions in Brazil, showing that there may be differences in estimates of future projections, depending on the indexes considered: global or domestic. The time horizon for the analysis was studied up to the maximum for the national population, for some of the world and Brazil's governmental data in terms of population growth, energy consumption and energy consumption per capita. To introduce the importance of the methodology adopted, data and some problems presented about the current world energy and Brazilian scenarios are discussed. Calculations show that the power consumption projections for Brazil, when using global indexes, are very high. According to our methodology, power consumption in Brazil is nearly 4.5 times below the estimates presented by the global indexes. The conclusion is that applying global indexes and their extension to domestic scenarios lead to errors of orders of magnitudes, due to the specific particularities of each country, and must be avoided if accurate projections about energy and nuclear scenarios must be considered. (author)

Discussions and projections about the future demand for nuclear power in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oliveira, Fabio Branco Vaz de; Imakuma, Kengo

2011-01-01

This paper aims mainly to discuss the current scenarios of power consumption, nuclear power and conventional and uranium resources and, based on that, present projections about the future demand for power generated through atomic fissions in Brazil, showing that there may be differences in estimates of future projections, depending on the indexes considered: global or domestic. The time horizon for the analysis was studied up to the maximum for the national population, for some of the world and Brazil's governmental data in terms of population growth, energy consumption and energy consumption per capita. To introduce the importance of the methodology adopted, data and some problems presented about the current world energy and Brazilian scenarios are discussed. Calculations show that the power consumption projections for Brazil, when using global indexes, are very high. According to our methodology, power consumption in Brazil is nearly 4.5 times below the estimates presented by the global indexes. The conclusion is that applying global indexes and their extension to domestic scenarios lead to errors of orders of magnitudes, due to the specific particularities of each country, and must be avoided if accurate projections about energy and nuclear scenarios must be considered. (author)

Partida de reator anaeróbio compartimentado em série com um reator anaeróbio de manta de lodo, utilizando parâmetros de sedimentabilidade para formação da biomassa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cristine Serafine Neves

2015-12-01

Full Text Available RESUMO Este estudo objetivou avaliar a formação da biomassa de boa qualidade tanto no reator anaeróbio compartimentado (RAC quanto no reator anaeróbio de manta de lodo (UASB, aplicando parâmetros adequados à sedimentação dos sólidos sedimentáveis (SS presentes na água residuária de suinocultura (ARS. O RAC e o UASB operaram em série com os tempos de detenção hidráulica (TDHs de 15 e 9h, respectivamente, correspondendo a cargas orgânicas volumétricas (COVs médias de 53,8 e 36,2 kg.m³.d¹ em termos de DQOT, respectivamente. As eficiências médias de remoção de DBO520°C, durante o processo de partida e formação da biomassa, foram: 68% para RAC e 55% para UASB, e em termos de DQO: 78% para RAC e 70% para UASB, respectivamente. Os autores concluíram que é possível, mediante os parâmetros de sedimentação adotados, formar uma biomassa peletizada, mesmo operando o sistema com altas cargas orgânicas.

Nuclear futures for sale: to Brazil from West Germany, 1975

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lowrance, W.W.

1977-01-01

On June 27, 1975, Brazil and West Germany signed a fifteen-year Agreement of Cooperation in the Peaceful Use of Nuclear Energy. The United States termed the deal ''nuclear madness'' with Brazil in its ''backyard'', and it also observed that it was heavily engaged in Germany's backyard to guard it against such peril. The author reviews these events that marked the crossing of major thresholds both in technology transfer and in international politics. He draws a general description of the political territory in which they are bound to remain prominent landmarks. The agreement provided for the largest industrial nuclear sale ever transacted, its total value exceeding $US 5 billion. More importantly, it was the first time a complete, self-sufficient nuclear fuel cycle ''package sale'' had ever been made between nations. Its most controversial feature was the inclusion of the two ''sensitive technologies'' for enriching uranium and reprocessing spent fuel, both of which, if sufficient effort is expended, can be applied to the making of nuclear-weapons-grade fissile material. The supplier nation is a signatory of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty and has long been a supporting strand in the web of nations committed to retarding the spread of nuclear weapons; the recipient nation, a nuclear newcomer, has refused to sign that treaty and in the past has made few such commitments. Pervading the international debate over these events are issues of the developing nations' rights of access to the political, military, technical, and economic wealth that nuclear technology holds, on the one hand, and on the other, management of the export competition in such a way that the technology can be shared without compromising international stability. Proliferation is inevitable, Mr. Lowrance says, so these issues ''should be accorded much higher political attention.''

Establishment of a Nuclear Cooperation Network between Korea and Brazil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kim, Kyoung Pyo; Sohn, Dong Seong; Song, Kee Chan (and others)

2008-03-15

The objective of this study is to establish a personnel network and to identify potential complementary areas for technical cooperation in the future to advance Korean-Brazilian nuclear cooperation activities. To this end, current status of the cooperation in the areas of economy, energy resources and S and T between the two countries was surveyed, and the history of the nuclear development program and the current nuclear R and D status in Brazil, as well as the bilateral nuclear cooperation activities of both countries were analyzed. In addition, areas of mutual interest were identified by both countries' focal points and a personnel network was established. Based on the aforementioned preliminary activities, bilateral joint seminars were held in Brazil. At the joint seminars, possible areas of cooperation were discussed and joint research collaboration areas were surveyed and identified while both sides made efforts to expand the information and experts exchanges in specific areas. Through this study, possible specific areas of cooperation in which both sides have a common interest were identified in such areas as radiation technology application, post irradiation examination, radioactive waste management, I and C, and advanced nuclear fuel, and also concrete implementation methods were proposed. These results will be effectively utilized in establishing a basic direction for expanding bilateral nuclear cooperation activities in the future. Consistent establishment of a foundation for promoting cooperation could be established and maintained through the operation of a focal point in charge of coordinating bilateral technical cooperation, and then a long-term and stable human network could be established.

Establishment of a Nuclear Cooperation Network between Korea and Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Kyoung Pyo; Sohn, Dong Seong; Song, Kee Chan

2008-03-01

The objective of this study is to establish a personnel network and to identify potential complementary areas for technical cooperation in the future to advance Korean-Brazilian nuclear cooperation activities. To this end, current status of the cooperation in the areas of economy, energy resources and S and T between the two countries was surveyed, and the history of the nuclear development program and the current nuclear R and D status in Brazil, as well as the bilateral nuclear cooperation activities of both countries were analyzed. In addition, areas of mutual interest were identified by both countries' focal points and a personnel network was established. Based on the aforementioned preliminary activities, bilateral joint seminars were held in Brazil. At the joint seminars, possible areas of cooperation were discussed and joint research collaboration areas were surveyed and identified while both sides made efforts to expand the information and experts exchanges in specific areas. Through this study, possible specific areas of cooperation in which both sides have a common interest were identified in such areas as radiation technology application, post irradiation examination, radioactive waste management, I and C, and advanced nuclear fuel, and also concrete implementation methods were proposed. These results will be effectively utilized in establishing a basic direction for expanding bilateral nuclear cooperation activities in the future. Consistent establishment of a foundation for promoting cooperation could be established and maintained through the operation of a focal point in charge of coordinating bilateral technical cooperation, and then a long-term and stable human network could be established

SISTEMA COMBINADO DE FLOTAÇÃO POR AR DISSOLVIDO E FILTRAÇÃO ADSORTIVA EM ZEÓLITA PARA TRATAMENTO DE EFLUENTE DE REATOR UASB

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bruno Oliveira Freitas

2016-06-01

Full Text Available RESUMO: Dentre as soluções existentes para efetuar o tratamento de esgoto, o reator anaeróbio do tipo UASB é largamente utilizado no Brasil, porém esta tecnologia apresenta problemas em atender aos limites estabelecidos pela legislação brasileira para lançamento de efluente em termos de nitrogênio amoniacal, fósforo e matéria orgânica, necessitando de pós-tratamento. Diante do potencial para remoção de matéria orgânica e sólidos suspensos pela flotação e da eficiência que a zeólita apresenta na remoção de amônia, a floto-filtração-adsortiva em zeólita pode ser uma promissora alternativa para tratamento deste efluente. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho visou avaliar a eficiência de um sistema de flotação associado à filtração-adsortiva, utilizando zeólita como meio filtrante, para pós-tratamento de efluente de reator UASB. Para tal, foram realizados ensaios de coagulação/floculação, flotação e filtração-adsortiva com um floteste adaptado com filtros adsorventes, utilizando efluente de reator anaeróbio do tipo UASB. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo atenderam aos padrões estabelecidos pela legislação brasileira para lançamento de efluentes em corpos d’água, alcançando 100 % de remoção de nitrogênio amoniacal, permitindo que esse efluente possa ser aproveitado para reuso. Desse modo, o sistema de flotação com a filtração-adsortiva utilizando zeólita como meio filtrante mostrou-se eficiente na remoção de todos os poluentes avaliados. Esta pesquisa teve como principal contribuição a avaliação de alternativa promissora para pós-tratamento de efluente de reator UASB buscando atender as exigências da legislação brasileira e melhorar da qualidade dos efluentes sanitários. ABSTRACT: Among the existing solutions to sewage treatment, the UASB reactor is widely used in Brazil, but this technology has problem to attend the limits established by Brazilian law for discharging of effluent

State regulation of nuclear sector: comparative study of Argentina and Brazil models; Regulacao estatal do setor nuclear: estudo comparativo dos modelos da Argentina e do Brasil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Monteiro Filho, Joselio Silveira

2004-08-01

This research presents a comparative assessment of the regulation models of the nuclear sector in Argentina - under the responsibility of the Autoridad Regulatoria Nuclear (ARN), and Brazil - under the responsibility of Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CNEN), trying to identify which model is more adequate aiming the safe use of nuclear energy. Due to the methodology adopted, the theoretical framework resulted in criteria of analysis that corresponds to the characteristics of the Brazilian regulatory agencies created for other economic sector during the State reform staring in the middle of the nineties. Later, these criteria of analysis were used as comparison patterns between the regulation models of the nuclear sectors of Argentina and Brazil. The comparative assessment showed that the regulatory structure of the nuclear sector in Argentina seems to be more adequate, concerning the safe use of nuclear energy, than the model adopted in Brazil by CNEN, because its incorporates the criteria of functional, institutional and financial independence, competence definitions, technical excellence and transparency, indispensable to the development of its functions with autonomy, ethics, exemption and agility. (author)

Avaliação de um reator de lodo ativado aplicado à nitrificação utilizando ensaios cinéticos = Evaluation of an activated sludge reactor applied to nitrification using kinetic assays

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Valeria Reginatto

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Neste trabalho, um reator em escala laboratorial de lodo ativado, aplicado ao processo da nitrificação, foi acompanhado por meio de ensaios cinéticos de atividade específica. A atividade de nitrificação da biomassa foi determinada por respirometria nacaracterização do inóculo e na avaliação da biomassa do reator em duas condições: durante a alimentação do reator com meio sintético autotrófico; e após a sua alimentação com efluente de um reator UASB, utilizado para desnitrificação. O reator atingiu uma eficiência em torno de 90% de nitrificação em ambas as condições de operação. O modelo cinético de Andrews, que inclui uma constante da inibição pelo substrato (Ki, ajustou-se melhor aos resultados obtidos nos testes de atividade do que o de Monod. Entretanto, observou-se aumento daconstante de inibição (Ki do lodo após operação do reator em relação ao inóculo, demonstrando a adaptação da biomassa às novas condições (cargas de nitrificação.In this work, an activated sludge lab-scale reactor used fornitrification was monitored by specific activity kinetic assays. The nitrification biomass activity was carried out by respirometric methods in order to characterize the inoculum and the reactor sludge after two different operation conditions: during the feeding of the reactor with synthetic autotrophic medium, and after feeding it with effluent from an UASB reactor used for denitrification. The efficiency of nitrification reached 90% in both operation conditions. Results obtained by the kinetic activity assays were better adjusted by the kinetic model of Andrews, which includes the inhibition constant by the substrate (Ki, than the Monod model. However, an increase was observed in the inhibition constant (Ki of the sludge after the operation of the reactor as compared with the inoculum. This effect demonstrates an adaptation of the biomass to the new nitrification conditions (loading rate.

On Brazil's participation in the International Project on Innovative Nuclear Reactors and Fuels Cycles (INPRO)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Goncalves Filho, Orlando Joao Agostinho

2007-01-01

In response to a resolution of its 44th General Conference (GC(44)/RES/21) held in September 2000, the International Atomic Energy Agency launched in May 2001 the International Project on Innovative Nuclear Reactors and Fuels Cycles (INPRO) with the objective of supporting the safe, sustainable, economic and proliferation-resistant use of nuclear technology to meet the global energy needs of the 21st century. Brazil joined the project from its beginnings and in 2005 submitted a proposal for the screening assessment using INPRO methodology of two small-size light-water reactors as potential components of an innovative nuclear reactor system (INS) completed with a conventional open nuclear fuel cycle. The INS reactor components currently being assessed are the International Reactor Innovative and Secure (IRIS) that is being developed by an international consortium made of 21 organizations from 10 countries (Brazil included) led by the Westinghouse Company, and the Fixed Bed Nuclear Reactor (FBNR) that is being developed at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. This paper gives an overview of Brazil's participation in INPRO, highlighting the objective, scope and intermediate results of the assessment study being performed, and the possibilities for participation in one or two collaborative research projects under INPRO Phase 2 Action Plan for 2008-2009. (author)

Energy-development correlation and the nuclear strategy in Brazil. Part 2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Amarante, J.A.A. do

1981-01-01

Special attention is called for the extremely high nuclear energy potencial available in Brazil, which is equivalent to the energy that could be generated by all our huge hidroeletric potencial under continuous operation for more then 9 thousands years. (Author) [pt

Determinação das espécies de cromo nas cinzas da incineração de couro wet-blue em reatores de leito fixo e leito fluidizado

OpenAIRE

Clauren Moura Martins

2001-01-01

Este trabalho tem como objetivo a determinação quantitativa da concentração de cromo (III, VI e total) nas cinzas de serragem de couro wet-blue, incineradas em reatores de leito fixo nas temperaturas de 450, 550 e 650 C e reator de leito fluidizado nas temperaturas de 730, 780, 830 e 850 C, verificando se estes resultados estão dentro dos limites permitidos pelas normas ambientais brasileiras e, consequentemente, se em relação à concentração de cromo, os processos de incineração utilizados sã...

Avaliação de desempenho de reator UASB no tratamento de águas residuárias de suinocultura Evaluation of performance of UASB reactor in swine wastewater treatment

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Luciano S. Rodrigues

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento e a avaliação de um sistema de tratamento de águas residuárias de suinocultura constituído de decantador e seguido de reator anaeróbio de manta de lodo (reator UASB, em escala real. O reator UASB foi construído de alvenaria e concreto armado. Coletaram-se amostras do esgoto bruto e do efluente do decantador e reator UASB, e se monitoraram os seguintes parâmetros: temperatura, pH, alcalinidade, ácidos voláteis totais (AVT, sólidos suspensos totais (SST, sólidos suspensos voláteis (SSV, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO e demanda química de oxigênio (DQO, de acordo com os métodos estabelecidos pelo Standard Methods (APHA, 1998. Os resultados médios de remoção total de DQO e de DBO foram de 93 e 92%, respectivamente. As concentrações médias de DQO, DBO e SST no efluente final foram de 0,8, 1,8 e 0,8 g L-1, respectivamente. A carga orgânica volumétrica (COV aplicada no reator UASB variou de 1,1 a 17,5 kg DQO m-3 d-1. O sistema decantador-reator UASB apresenta-se como alternativa promissora para o tratamento de águas residuárias de suinocultura.This research presents the development and evaluation of a system for treatment of swine wastewaters constituted by slat settler, followed by upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB reactor, at full scale. The UASB reactor was completely made of masonry and reinforced concrete. The evaluation of the treatment system was carried out through samples collected in the influent and effluent from the settler and UASB reactor. The following parameters were analyzed: temperature, pH, alkalinity, total volatile acids (VFA, suspended solids (TSS, volatile suspended solids (VSS, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD, chemical oxygen demand (COD, according to the methods established by the Standard Methods (APHA, 1998. The mean results of COD and BOD removal were 93 and 92%, respectively. The mean concentrations of COD, BOD and TSS in the final effluent were

Education in nuclear science at IPEN - CNEN, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Advanced School of Nuclear Energy-EAEN

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Semmler, R.; Catharino, M.G.M.; Vasconcellos, M.B.A.

2012-01-01

EAEN (Advanced School of Nuclear Energy, 2010) is an annual school that consists of a week of activities in the area of Nuclear Physics, Radiochemistry and uses of Nuclear Energy for a public made of high school students. The EAEN project represents a pioneering program on science education and dissemination of knowledge, conducted by researchers and focused mainly on high school and scientific education for the population in general. The school's priority is to explore the failures and the lack of education in the dissemination of nuclear energy for high school students as well as to attract prospective students with great potential for graduate courses of IPEN and other institutions in Sao Paulo and in Brazil. (author)

Modelagem de um reator integral aplicado na reação de reforma a vapor de metano - DOI: 10.4025/actascitechnol.v29i2.705

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Giane Gonçalves Lenzi

2008-02-01

Full Text Available Freqüentemente, a validação de modelos matemáticos aplicados a reatores industriais esbarra na dificuldade de obtenção de medidas experimentais confiáveis. Uma maneira de contornar esta limitação corresponde à implantação de uma unidade em escala de bancada devidamente instrumentada, na qual são obtidos dados experimentais em condições controladas. Neste contexto, foram efetuados ensaios em um reator integral de reforma a vapor de metano em escala de bancada, em diversas condições experimentais. As medidas de temperatura no leito foram efetuadas por meio de um termopar multiponto em seis posições axiais distintas, enquanto a composição do efluente do reator foi determinada por cromatografia gasosa. Estes dados experimentais foram comparados com as previsões de um modelo pseudo-homogêneo, unidimensional e dinâmico. Os resultados indicam que o modelo é adequado, sendo que tanto a atividade catalítica como a conversão são sensíveis à temperatura operacional, enquanto a temperatura do leito é praticamente insensível à vazão nas condições experimentais exploradas.

Technical and institutional safety features of nuclear power plants in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rosa, L.P.

1986-01-01

This work reports technical, political and institutional safety features of nuclear power plants in Brazil. It is mainly concerned with reactor accidents and personnel safety. The three mile Island and Chernobyl accidents are also discussed and taken as examples. (A.C.A.S.)

On the implementation of activities for the life management of nuclear power plants in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Di Lorenzo, R.F.; Mansur, T.R.; Moreira, R.M.; Quinan, M.A.; Rocha, Z.; Soares, W.A.; Tofani, P.C.

1998-01-01

Brazil joined the IAEA IWG-LMNPP in 1993, in view of a potential interest in the LMNPP subject. In this report, aspects of nuclear activities, as well as activities related to LMNPP, are reviewed. The nuclear energy scenario is presented with emphasis on the nuclear share of the total electrical energy supply and on the nuclear sector organization. Angra Nuclear Power Plant units are presented and some construction and/or operational features are discussed. Concerning the activities on LMNPP, the contribution of different nuclear sector organizations is briefly considered. Some aspects are stressed with regard to an integrated approach of LMNPP and the country's available manpower and technical infrastructure capabilities in the nuclear field. The technical assistance of the IAEA in the area of plant life management if focused. From the experience of this first phase (1993-97) representing Brazil in the IWG-LMNPP, special aspects are emphasized aiming, on the basis of their consideration, at improving the efficiency of this process. The implementation of a Brazilian network, the BRWG-LMNPP, is underway, formulating plans for the future. (author)

Public perception of the nuclear area in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Imeida, R.A. de; Lourdes Moreira, M. de

2013-01-01

In Brazil electricity production is proving increasingly important, the Brazilian government has recently launched the National Energy Plan, PNE-2030 which aims, among other objectives, to conclude construction of the Angra 3 plant and to deploy new nuclear power plants in the Northeast region. The Brazilian government wants to assess how the public has perceived its energy policy and what the public thinks about the nuclear issue. A public opinion survey was performed and sampling resulted in 127 respondents who were stratified by gender, age and educational level. The survey results show that although most respondents have post-graduate degrees, 64.6% are not aware of, or had never heard of PNE-2030. While 72 respondents consider nuclear energy as an alternative source of clean energy, 84 respondents did not know where the next Brazilian nuclear power plant will be built. The nuclear regulator, CNEN, is seen by 45.7% of respondents as the body that has most credibility to talk about the safety of nuclear power plants and the media most used to obtain information about the nuclear area were newspapers and discussion forums, with 52 and 50 votes respectively. These results prove the need to implement communication plans with clear and concise goals for different segments of society, since the degree of understanding differs within each segment

The role of nuclear emulsions in the institutionalization of research in experimental physics in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vieira, Cassio Leite; Videira, Antonio A.P.

2011-01-01

In this paper, we describe and analyze the introduction and the use of the nuclear emulsions technique in Brazil. Even though consistent researches in cosmic ray physics had been done since the forties of the last century in this country, physicists here only began using this technique after Cesar Lattes' works in Bristol (England) and Berkeley (US). Despite being the implantation of the technique in this country posterior to the origin of the method itself dated from late 1900s, Brazilian scientists were quickly familiarized with it and adopted it not only in cosmic rays, but also in particle physics and nuclear physics, employing it until recently. In our work, we will be concerned with the reasons of this longevity. In other words, why were the nuclear emulsions technique employed for so many years in Brazil, even after its vanishing in physics researches centers in the world? We advance here that the answer to this question involves the institutionalization of science in Brazil mainly physics and economical, social, and geographic reasons. (author)

Basic information to improve public acceptance to nuclear energy in Brazil; Subsidios para a melhoria da aceitacao da energia nuclear no Brasil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gibelli, Sonia M.O.; Lima e Silva, Pedro Paulo de; Xavier, Ana Maria [Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CNEN), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

1997-12-31

In Brazil, the current production of nuclear energy is restricted to Angra I plant, a 657 MW pressurized water reactor, in operation since 1982. Among the eight units predicted in 1975 within the Brazil Germany nuclear agreement, only two have been effectively contracted, namely Angra 2 and 3. The nuclear alternative, likewise all other energy sources, is very much dependable on the assessment of their own benefits compared to the associated risks posed to the population and the environment. The main goal of this article is to provide information to enable the improvement of public acceptance of the use of nuclear energy in the country, by comparing risks associated with different sources as well as pointing out aspects related to risk perception by the public. (author) 18 refs., 5 figs.; e-mail: sonia at cnen.gov.br; lima-e-silva at pobox.com; axavier at cnen.gov.br

Nuclear proliferation and Latin American security : is the "Bomb" program dead in Brazil?

OpenAIRE

DeJesus, Eduardo De Jesus

1994-01-01

This thesis addresses the possibility of a Brazilian "hidden agenda" in order to support one of the most advanced nuclear research and nuclear power programs in Latin America. From the early 1970s to the late 1980s Brazilian military leaders pursued the development of nuclear weapons. With the emergence of democratic regimes during the 1980s, these covert projects were halted or terminated. The civilian administration in Brazil is now supporting an ambiguous and uncompromising position by ...

Síntese em reator de hidrometalurgia de nanopartícula de ferrita de cobalto

OpenAIRE

Araújo, Elton John Nunes de

2017-01-01

Investigamos a síntese de nanopartículas de ferrita de cobalto por precipitação hidrotérmica, em reator de hidrometalurgia em temperaturas entre 100 e 250°C. Foram variados os parâmetros: temperatura de síntese, composição do meio reacional, concentração da base e presença de agente complexante. As nanopartículas obtidas foram caracterizadas do ponto de vista estrutural por difração de raios-X, sua composição foi verifica por medidas de espectroscopia por energia dispersiva de raios-x (EDX) e...

Tratamento anaeróbio de águas residuárias do beneficiamento de café por via úmida em reatores UASB em dois estágios Anaerobic treatment of wastewater from coffee pulping in upflow anaerobic sludge blanquet (UASB in two stages

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Marcelo Bruno

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Neste trabalho, avaliou-se a eficiência do tratamento de águas residuárias do beneficiamento de café por via úmida em reatores anaeróbios de fluxo ascendente com manta de lodo (UASB, em dois estágios, em escala de bancada, submetidos a tempos de detenção hidráulica (TDH de 4,0; 5,2 e 6,2 dias e cargas orgânicas volumétricas (COV de 5,8; 3,0 e 3,6 g DQO total (L d-1, no primeiro reator (R1, e TDH de 2,0; 2,6 e 3,1 dias e COV de 5,8; 0,5 e 0,4 g DQO total (L d-1, no segundo reator (R2. Os valores médios de DQO do afluente variaram de 15.440 a 23.040 mg O2 L-1. As eficiências médias de remoção de DQO total e SST foram de 66 a 98% e de 93 a 97%, respectivamente, nos reatores UASB, em dois estágios. O teor médio de metano no biogás variou de 69 a 89%, no reator R1, e de 52 a 73%, no reator R2. A produção volumétrica máxima de metano de 0,708 L CH4 (L reator d-1 foi obtida com COV de 3,6 g DQO (Ld-1 e TDH de 6,2 d, no reator R1. Os valores médios de pH variaram de 4,7 a 7,7 e de 4,9 a 8,0 nos efluentes dos reatores R1 e R2, respectivamente. As concentrações de ácidos voláteis totais nos efluentes mantiveram-se estáveis com valores inferiores a 100 mg L-1, com TDH de 5,2 e 6,2 dias, no reator R1, e TDH de 2,6 e 3,1 dias, no reator R2. As concentrações médias de fenóis totais no afluente variaram de 80 a 97 mg L-1 e as eficiências médias de remoção nos reatores UASB, em dois estágios, foram de 72 a 90%.In this work, it was evaluated the efficiency of two stage up flow anaerobic sludge blanquet (UASB reactors, in bench scale, treating a liquid effluent from the coffee pulping, submitted to hydraulic detention time (HDT of 4.0; 5.2 and 6.2 days, resulting in organic loading rate (OLR of 5.8; 3.6 and 3.0 g COD (L d-1 in the first reactor (R1 and HDT of 2.0; 2.6 and 3.1 days with OLR of 5.8; 0.5 and 0.4 g DQO total (L d-1 in the second reactor (R2. The medium values of total COD affluent varied from 15,440 to 23,040 mg

Nuclear power plants: recent developments in Brazil relating to the legal aspect of installation - erection - operation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lima Moreira, Y.M. de.

1981-10-01

A Federal statutory system governs the setting up and operation of nuclear power plants in Brazil. This paper describes the general regulatory framework for electric utilities and in particular analyses the licensing procedure for nuclear installations. (NEA) [fr

Nuclear development in Chile: A comparative analysis with Argentina and Brazil 1964-2008

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cubillos Meza, Adela

2009-01-01

The nuclear era in international relations began with the explosion of the atomic bombs over Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6th and 9th in 1945, signaling the end of World War II. At that time the United States was the only country with nuclear power and that exclusivity meant, at least for a few years, that it would become the superpower of the Cold War. This situation continued until the Soviet Union detonated its first nuclear device in 1949. The nuclear race between the two Cold War super powers began, and was later joined by Great Britain, France and China. These five big nuclear powers are the same ones with veto rights in the United Nations Security Council. With the creation of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in 1957, under United Nations auspices, the use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes was institutionalized. Many countries received technological support from the powers, beginning nuclear programs for peaceful aims, among them Spain, Finland, Germany, Japan, Argentina and Brazil. The developing countries also started nuclear programs with the incentive that the development of this energy meant progress in science and technology, as well as giving them prestige and power in the international system. While at first, the countries that initiated nuclear energy development programs did so in order to apply it to medicine, industry, and nutrition and to generate electricity, they also built reactors for research and for power. Later, several countries produced nuclear weapons initiating a race for power and containment, keys to the architecture of the Cold War. Meanwhile, some developing countries also started nuclear programs, receiving technical assistance from the super powers, and obeying a nuclear non- proliferation regime but their development was limited, and they were unable to develop nuclear programs that would allow them enough scientific- technological progress to head down the road to development. One of these countries was

Desempenho de reatores anaeróbios de fluxo ascendente com manta de lodo em dois estágios tratando águas residuárias de suinocultura Performance of two-stage up flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors treating swine wastewater

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Adriana M. de Santana

2005-12-01

Full Text Available Avaliou-se o desempenho de dois reatores anaeróbios de fluxo ascendente com manta de lodo (UASB em escala-piloto com volumes de 908 L e 188 L, instalados em série, alimentados com águas residuárias de suinocultura com concentrações médias de sólidos suspensos totais (SST variando de 2.216 mg L-1 a 7.131 mg L-1 e submetidos a tempos de detenção hidráulica (TDH de 62,3 e 31,1 h, no primeiro reator, e de 12,9 e 6,5 h, no segundo reator. As eficiências médias de remoção de DQOtotal variaram de 74,0% a 89,6% no Reator 1 e de 34,3% a 45,1% no Reator 2, resultando em valores médios de 86,6% a 93,1% para o sistema de tratamento em dois estágios com carga orgânica volumétrica (COV na faixa de 3,40 a 14,44 kg DQOtotal m-3 reator d-1 no Reator 1. As concentrações de metano no biogás foram acima de 75% para o Reator 1 e de 80% para o Reator 2. Os valores médios de pH variaram na faixa de 6,9 a 8,2 para o efluente do Reator 1 e de 7,0 a 8,3 para o efluente do Reator 2. Os ácidos voláteis totais mantiveram-se estáveis com concentrações médias abaixo de 200 mg L-1. Esses resultados indicaram que as condições de carga orgânica, em termos de DQO e SSV, impostas ao sistema de tratamento anaeróbio em dois estágios, não foram limitantes para que houvesse o desenvolvimento de lodo com microbiota adaptada e com alta atividade, propiciando altas eficiências médias de remoção de matéria orgânica (86,6 a 93,1% para DQOtotal e 85,6 a 88,2% para SSV e taxas de produção de metano de 0,156 a 0,289 m³ CH4 kg-1 de DQO removida.The objective of this work was monitoring the performance of two up flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors (UASB in a pilot-scale testing with volumes of 908 L and 188 L, installed in series, loaded with swine wastewater with total suspended solids (TSS ranging from 2216 to 7131 mg L-1, submitted to an hydraulic detention time (HDT of 62.3 and 31.1 h, in the first reactor, and 12.9 and 6.5 h, in the second

THE IMPACT OF THE GLOBAL NUCLEAR SAFETY REGIME IN BRAZIL

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Almeida, C.

2004-01-01

A turning point of the world nuclear industry with respect to safety occurred due to the accident at Chernobyl, in 1986. A side from the tragic personal losses and the enormous financial damage, the Chernobyl accident has literally demonstrated that ''a nuclear accident anywhere is an accident everywhere''. The impact was felt immediately by the nuclear industry, with plant cancellations (e.g. Austria), elimination of national programs (e.g. Italy) and general construction delays. However, the reaction of the nuclear industry was equally immediate, which led to the proposal and establishment of a Global Nuclear Safety Regime. This regime is composed of biding international safety conventions, globally accepted safety standard, and a voluntary peer review system. In a previous work, the author has presented in detail the components of this Regime, and briefly discussed its impact in the Brazilian nuclear power organizations, including the Regulatory Body. This work, on the opposite, briefly reviews the Global Nuclear Safety Regime, and concentrates in detail in the discussion of its impact in Brazil, showing how it has produced some changes, and where the peer pressure regime has failed to produce real results

Opportunities and obstacles for new nuclear power plants in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Henning, Fernando

2003-01-01

The presentation displays the main characteristics of the Brazilian Electric Sector, emphasizing its potential market growth, the role of all relevant alternative sources for generation of electricity, the major constraints, and the possibilities for nuclear to compete in this scenario. Within this framework, it will highlight the features of national industry to cope with this challenge, as seen by the Brazilian Utility. The key issues to overcome are dealt with, in order to establish the boundary conditions for the feasibility of new nuclear plants in Brazil, as well as what is expected from improvements in technology and economics for a new reactor generation (author)

Tratamento de águas residuárias de suinocultura em reator anaeróbio operado em batelada sequencial Treatment of swine wastewater in anaerobic sequencing batch reactor

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Roberto Alves de Oliveira

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Neste estudo avaliou-se o desempenho de um reator anaeróbio operado em batelada sequencial, em escala piloto, com volume total de 280 L, no tratamento de águas residuárias de suinocultura. As cargas orgânicas volumétricas aplicadas no reator foram de 4,42; 5,27; 9,33 e 11,79 g DQOtotal (L d-1. As eficiências médias de remoção de DQOtotal, sólidos suspensos totais (SST e sólidos suspensos voláteis (SSV variaram de 56 a 87%. O nitrogênio total Kjedahl (NTK, fósforo total (P-total e magnésio (Mg foram removidos com eficiências médias de 26 a 39%. As produções volumétricas de metano variaram de 0,50 a 0,64 L CH4 (L reator d-1 e não foram observadas diferenças significativas. As relações sólidos voláteis/sólidos totais (SV/ST do lodo de tal reator variaram de 0,74 a 0,58. As maiores concentrações médias de nutrientes no lodo do reator foram para o nitrogênio, fósforo, ferro e cálcio, com valores de 30.610 a 64.400, 1.590 a 9.870, 6.180 a 8.700 e 1.180 a 6.760 mg kg-1 base seca, respectivamente.In the present study, we evaluated an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor, in pilot scale and with a total volume of 280 L, for the treatment of swine wastewater. The organic loading rates applied in such reactor were 4.42; 5.27; 9.33 and 11.79 g CODtotal (L d-1. The average efficiencies of removal of CODtotal total solids suspension (TSS and volatile suspension solids (VSS varied from 56 to 87%. The nutrients total Kjedahl nitrogen (TKN, total phosphorus (total P and Mg were removed with average efficiencies from 26 to 39%. The volumetric methane productions varied from 0.50 to 0.64 L CH4 (L reactor d-1 and did not present significant differences. The VS/TS relations of the aforementioned reactor's sludge varied from 0.74 to 0.58. The highest mean concentrations of nutrients in the reactor sludge were those of nitrogen, phosphorus, iron and calcium, with values from 30.610 to 64.400, 1.590 to 9.870, 6.180 to 8.700 and 1.180 to 6

Desempenho de reator anaeróbio-aeróbio de leito fixo no tratamento de esgoto sanitário Performance of anaerobic-aerobic packed-bed reactor in the treatment of domestic sewage

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sérgio Brasil Abreu

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Este artigo relata a avaliação do desempenho de um reator anaeróbio-aeróbio, preenchido com espuma de poliuretano, para tratamento de esgoto sanitário. Inicialmente, foram testados diferentes tempos de detenção hidráulica (TDH no reator que operou apenas em condições anaeróbias. Em seguida, foi operado o reator combinado anaeróbio-aeróbio. O melhor resultado para o reator em operação exclusivamente anaeróbia foi para o TDH de 10 horas, no qual se conseguiu reduzir a DQO de 389 ± 70 mg/L para 137 ± 16 mg/L. Para o reator anaeróbio-aeróbio, a DQO foi reduzida de 259 ± 69 mg/L para 93 ± 31 mg/L para TDH de 12 h (6 h no estágio anaeróbio e 6 h no aeróbio. A comparação de todos os resultados obtidos evidenciou a importância do pós-tratamento aeróbio na remoção de parcela de matéria orgânica não removida em tratamento unicamente anaeróbio.This paper reports on the performance evaluation of an upflow anaerobic-aerobic reactor, filled with polyurethane matrices, for domestic sewage treatment. Initially, different hydraulic retention times were assayed with the reactor operating exclusively in anaerobic condition. Afterwards, anaerobic-aerobic combined reactor was operated. The anaerobic operation with HRT of 10 h provided the best organic matter removal with COD reduction from 389 ± 70 mg/L to 137 ± 16 mg/L. Under anaerobic-aerobic condition, the COD dropped from 259 ± 69 mg/L to 93 ± 31 mg/L with HRT of 12 h (6 h in anaerobic and 6 h in aerobic stages. Finally, comparing all the obtained results, it was possible to verify the importance of the aerobic post treatment in the removal of part of the organic matter not removed in an exclusively anaerobic treatment.

The PRONUCLEAR role (1976-1986 in the human resource training for the nuclear area in Brazil: science history

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schmiedecke, Winston Gomes

2006-01-01

In 1975, an agreement between the governments of Brazil and West-Germany was signed for the construction of nuclear power plants in Brazil as well as the extraction, processing and enrichment of uranium. As the result of the first oil crisis and facing the perspective of a continuous world energy crisis, the Brazilian government decided to turn to nuclear power as an alternative supply for the country's energy needs. However, serious limitations were present regarding the transfer of nuclear technology for a third world country. This paper analyzes some aspects of the process involved in the creation of the specialized human resources during the extent of the agreement between Brazil and West Germany. Since its inception, the agreement received harsh criticism from the Brazilian nuclear physics and related fields scientific communities. Because the planning and implementation of the agreement took place during a period of military dictatorship, the decisions relating to the agreement were never debated between the policy makers and the scientific community. Not surprisingly, the agreement received plenty of criticism that ranged from the actual need for nuclear power to technical feasibility and suspicious of possible military uses and even the very policies created to prepare human resources to work in the nuclear area. One of the most important tools of these policies was the Programa de Recursos Humanos para o Setor Nuclear - PRONUCLEAR (Nuclear Sector Human Resources Program), implemented in 1976 and gradually deactivated starting in 1983. (author)

Tratamento de efluente sintético de laticínio em reatores em batelada inoculados com Aspergillus niger AN400

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luana Viana Costa e Silva

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Indústrias de laticínios contêm elevada concentração de matéria orgânica que podem causar poluição. Este trabalho propôs estudar a remoção de matéria orgânica e de nutrientes de um efluente sintético de laticínio, disposto em reatores em bateladas repetidas inoculados com Aspergillus niger AN400. O sistema foi composto por reatores com diferentes configurações e, para cada tipo de montagem, variou-se o material-suporte. O estudo foi realizado em quatro ciclos de cinco dias, com retiradas diárias de alíquotas. A análise dos resultados mostrou eficiência de remoção de demanda química de oxigênio com picos de até 71,7%, concluindo-se que a tecnologia mostrou-se viável na remoção de matéria orgânica. Em relação aos nutrientes, o sistema pôde remover satisfatoriamente nitrato; contudo, para remoção de amônia, não se apresentou promissor.

Annual report - ABACC (accounting and nuclear materials control Brazil-Argentina agency) - 1998

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1999-01-01

The annual activities report of 1998 of accounting and nuclear materials control Brazil-Argentina agency introduces the next main topics: institutional activities - safeguards agreements implementation and administration; technical activities - planning and evaluation, operation, technical support, information accounting and treatment, technical cooperation, technical capacity invigoration; administrative and financial activities

Comportamento de reator de leito fluidizado trifásico aeróbico utilizando diferentes materiais suporte

OpenAIRE

Martins, Cláudia Lavina

2003-01-01

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental. Este trabalho apresenta estudos realizados com reator de leito fluidizado trifásico aeróbio (RLFTA), aplicado ao tratamento de esgoto sanitário, tendo como objetivo avaliar seu comportamento utilizando diferentes materiais suporte: PET, OSBG® e PVC. Foram aplicadas cargas orgânicas volumétricas (COV) de 13 a 29 Kg DQO/m3.dia e tempo de retenção hidráulica ...

Avaliação do comportamento hidrodinâmico de reator anaeróbio de manta de lodo e fluxo ascendente com diferentes configurações do sistema de distribuição do afluente utilizando fluidodinâmica computacional

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Diego Bongiorno Cruz

Full Text Available RESUMO Compreender o comportamento hidrodinâmico de reatores biológicos pode auxiliar na detecção de problemas associados a falhas operacionais e de projeto, situações que prejudicam a eficiência do tratamento. Neste artigo, realizaram-se simulações da fluidodinâmica computacional (CFD de escoamento de duas fases sólida-líquida de um reator anaeróbio de manta de lodo e fluxo ascendente (UASB, em escala piloto (160 L, com tempo de detenção hidráulica (TDH de 10 h e vazão de 16 L.h-1. Um modelo Euler-Euler simplificado foi formulado para simular o comportamento hidrodinâmico da zona de reação, influenciada pela configuração do sistema de distribuição do afluente. Foram avaliadas quatro configurações do sistema de distribuição do afluente no reator: uma entrada na parte central (1 e duas entradas centrais (2, de fluxo ascendente; duas entradas nas laterais (3, de fluxo radial; e três entradas de fluxo descendente (4, utilizando geometrias bidimensionais e tridimensionais para verificar a formação de zonas mortas, curtos-circuitos hidráulicos e caminhos preferenciais. As melhores características hidrodinâmicas e a melhor distribuição do afluente foram verificadas na configuração 4, com melhor perfil de mistura do lodo com a fase líquida, na comparação com as demais configurações. Foi notada formação de vórtices na parte inferior do reator com maior concentração do lodo anaeróbio nessa configuração e de caminhos preferenciais nas laterais do reator na configuração 3, indicando mistura ineficiente do afluente com o lodo anaeróbio. O modelo demonstrou que a configuração do sistema de distribuição do afluente influencia significativamente o comportamento hidrodinâmico do reator UASB.

e-Gamma: Nuclear Material Accountancy and Control System in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Negri Ferreira, S.; Souza Dunley, L.

2015-01-01

The Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission (CNEN) is the government organization responsible for regulating all nuclear activities in Brazil and for ensuring that international safeguards are implemented according to the international agreements. In 2006 CNEN initiated a project aiming at the development and implementation of a web based system (e-Gamma) for on line nuclear material accountancy and control. In January-2014, after three years of beta testing, e-Gamma finally became the official nuclear material accountancy system in Brazil. e-Gamma is a web system hosted in a dedicated server under a secure environment maintained at CNEN headquarters. Secure access is provided by the use of Digital Client Certificate and internal user pre-authorization for login as well as multiple access profiles each one with specific function menus. The System operation is based on source documents for each inventory change prepared and updated by the MBA operators with the help of specific forms with strong validations. After the document conclusion the System records the inventory change in a general ledger. Monthly the officers of CNEN analyzes the general ledgers of each MBA and generates the applicable reports through the System [Inventory Change Reports (ICR), Physical Inventory List (PIL), and Material Balance Report (MBR)]. The System allows the running of managerial queries and has brought to CNEN much more control and traceability of the inventory changes and significant reduction in typing errors, costs and inspection efforts. Therefore, more efficient accountancy verification procedures at national and international levels are expected, as well as remote accountancy verification previous to an inspection. The proposed paper will describe the e-Gamma System, its main features and the oral presentation will contain a brief demonstration of some functionalities through the use of a local version installed on a notebook. (author)

Implantation of tomography qualities in Centro Regional de Ciencias Nucleares do Nordeste, Brazil; Implantacao das qualidades de tomografia no Centro Regional de Ciencias Nucleares do Nordeste, CNEN-PE, Brazil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Diniz, Osana F.; Silveira, Renata R.; Melo, Roberto T.; Oliveira, Marcia L., E-mail: osana.diniz@hotmail.com [Centro Regional de Ciencias Nucleares do Nordeste (CRCN-NE/CNEN-PE), Recife, PB (Brazil)

2016-07-01

The quality guarantee of the service offered by a ionizing radiation metrology laboratory is deeply connected to the conformity to the radiation beams implanted to the determination and definition present in the international standards and adopted by the Brazilian National Commission of Nuclear Energy – CNEN. The objective of this work was the implementation of computerized tomography qualities, RQT 8, 9 e 10, in accordance with the IEC-61267 standard in the Metrology Laboratory of the Northeast Regional Center of Nuclear Sciences (CRCN-NE), PE, Brazil. (author)

ABACC - Brazil-Argentina Agency for Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials, a model of integration and transparence; ABACC - Agencia Brasileno-Argentina de Contabilidad y Control de Materiales Nucleares, un ejemplo de integracion y transparencia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oliveira, Antonio A.; Do Canto, Odilon Marcusso, E-mail: oliveira@abacc.org.br, E-mail: odilon@abacc.org.br [Agencia Brasileno Argentina de Contabilidad y Control de Materiales Nucleares (ABACC), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2013-07-01

Argentina and Brazil began its activities in the nuclear area about the same time, in the 50 century past. The existence of an international nuclear nonproliferation treaty-TNP-seen by Brazil and Argentina as discriminatory and prejudicial to the interests of the countries without nuclear weapons, led to the need for a common system of control of nuclear material between the two countries to somehow provide assurances to the international community of the exclusively peaceful purpose of its nuclear programs. The creation of a common system, assured the establishment of uniform procedures to implement safeguards in Argentina and Brazil, so the same requirements and safeguards procedures took effect in both countries, and the operators of nuclear facilities began to follow the same rules of control of nuclear materials and subjected to the same type of verification and control. On July 18, 1991, the Bilateral Agreement for the Exclusively Peaceful Use of Nuclear Energy created a binational body, the Argentina-Brazil Agency for Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials-ABACC-to implement the so-called Common System of Accounting and Control of Nuclear materials - SCCC. The deal provided, permanently, a clear commitment to use exclusively for peaceful purposes all material and nuclear facilities under the jurisdiction or control of the two countries. The Quadripartite Agreement, signed in December of that year, between the two countries, ABACC and IAEA completed the legal framework for the implementation of comprehensive safeguards system. The 'model ABACC' now represents a paradigmatic framework in the long process of economic, political, technological and cultural integration of the two countries. Argentina and Brazil were able to establish a guarantee system that is unique in the world today and that consolidated and matured over more than twenty years, has earned the respect of the international community.

Evaluation of the nuclear and radiological emergency response system in Brazil; Visao critica do sistema de atendimento a emergencia radiologica e nuclear no Brasil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Estrada, Julio J.S.; Azevedo, Eduardo M.; Knoefel, Tom M.J. [Instituto de Radioprotecao e Dosimetria (IRD), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

1997-12-31

Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission (CNEN) has made outstanding efforts to improve its nuclear and radiological accident response system since the tragic accident in Goiania, Brazil. Most of these efforts are related to nuclear emergency although radiological accidents are also considered. Several topics are discussed involving those related to planning and preparedness. Some deficiencies that need to be corrected or improved are pointed out 8 refs.

From rivals to partners; nuclear cooperation process between Argentina and Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Carasales, J.C.

1997-01-01

The process of rapprochement and integration with Brazil is probably the most important event of the Argentine foreign policy in the last quarter of the 20th. century. In the framework of this broad undertaking, the gradual development of a new relationship in the nuclear field has showed special and unprecedented characteristic which have aroused the international interest. This publication relates the origin and the evolution of the growing nuclear cooperation process between the two countries which until then had been rivals. The sensitive matter involved makes unexpected the speed and the success of the transition from an attempt to generate confidence and transparency in the nuclear programs of both countries to a whole complex of mandatory legal instruments and to the creation of an agency of mutual safeguard that has no precedent [es

Sixth national report of Brazil for the nuclear safety convention

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2013-01-01

Brazil has presented periodically its National Report prepared by a group composed of representatives of the various Brazilian organizations with responsibilities related to nuclear safety. Due to the implications of the Fukushima nuclear accident in 2011, an Extraordinary National Report was presented in 2012. This Sixth National Report is an update of the Fifth National Report in relation to the Convention on Nuclear Safety articles and also an update of the Extraordinary Report with respect to the action taken related to lesson learned from the Fukushima accident. It includes relevant information for the period of 2010/2012. This document represents the national report prepared as a fulfillment of the brazilian obligations related to the Convention on Nuclear Safety. In chapter 2 some details are given about the existing nuclear installations. Chapter 3 provides details about the legislation and regulations, including the regulatory framework and the regulatory body. Chapter 4 covers general safety considerations as described in articles 10 to 16 of the Convention. Chapter 5 addresses to the safety of the installations during siting, design, construction and operation. Chapter 6 describes planned activities to further enhance nuclear safety. Chapter 7 presents the final remarks related to the degree of compliance with the Convention obligations

Sixth national report of Brazil for the nuclear safety convention

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2013-07-01

Brazil has presented periodically its National Report prepared by a group composed of representatives of the various Brazilian organizations with responsibilities related to nuclear safety. Due to the implications of the Fukushima nuclear accident in 2011, an Extraordinary National Report was presented in 2012. This Sixth National Report is an update of the Fifth National Report in relation to the Convention on Nuclear Safety articles and also an update of the Extraordinary Report with respect to the action taken related to lesson learned from the Fukushima accident. It includes relevant information for the period of 2010/2012. This document represents the national report prepared as a fulfillment of the brazilian obligations related to the Convention on Nuclear Safety. In chapter 2 some details are given about the existing nuclear installations. Chapter 3 provides details about the legislation and regulations, including the regulatory framework and the regulatory body. Chapter 4 covers general safety considerations as described in articles 10 to 16 of the Convention. Chapter 5 addresses to the safety of the installations during siting, design, construction and operation. Chapter 6 describes planned activities to further enhance nuclear safety. Chapter 7 presents the final remarks related to the degree of compliance with the Convention obligations.

Implantation of tomography qualities in Centro Regional de Ciencias Nucleares do Nordeste, Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Diniz, Osana F.; Silveira, Renata R.; Melo, Roberto T.; Oliveira, Marcia L.

2016-01-01

The quality guarantee of the service offered by a ionizing radiation metrology laboratory is deeply connected to the conformity to the radiation beams implanted to the determination and definition present in the international standards and adopted by the Brazilian National Commission of Nuclear Energy – CNEN. The objective of this work was the implementation of computerized tomography qualities, RQT 8, 9 e 10, in accordance with the IEC-61267 standard in the Metrology Laboratory of the Northeast Regional Center of Nuclear Sciences (CRCN-NE), PE, Brazil. (author)

The Choice of Sites for the First Nuclear Power Plants in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cintra do Prado, L.

1966-01-01

In selecting the sites for nuclear power plants a decision has to be taken as to (1) which area of the country is best suited for the purpose - e.g. the area of Recife, Rio or Sao Paulo, etc. - given the trend in energy requirements and the availability of resources, and (2) where to site the plant or plants within that area. In this paper I shall concentrate on the first of these problems and shall be concerned with assessing the merits and demerits of installing nuclear power plants in certain regions of Brazil which seem particularly well suited for the purpose

Fourth national report of Brazil for the nuclear safety convention. Sep. 2007

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2007-09-01

This Fourth National Report of Brazil is a new update to include relevant information of the period of 2004-2007. This document represents the national report prepared as a fulfillment of the brazilian obligations related to the Convention on Nuclear Safety. In chapter 2 some details are given about the existing nuclear installations. Chapter 3 provides details about the legislation and regulations, including the regulatory framework and the regulatory body. Chapter 4 covers general safety considerations as described in articles 10 to 16 of the Convention. Chapter 5 addresses to the safety of the installations during siting, design, construction and operation. Chapter 6 describes planned activities to further enhance nuclear safety. Chapter 7 presents the final remarks related to the degree of compliance with the Convention obligations

Fourth national report of Brazil for the nuclear safety convention. Sep. 2007

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2007-09-15

This Fourth National Report of Brazil is a new update to include relevant information of the period of 2004-2007. This document represents the national report prepared as a fulfillment of the brazilian obligations related to the Convention on Nuclear Safety. In chapter 2 some details are given about the existing nuclear installations. Chapter 3 provides details about the legislation and regulations, including the regulatory framework and the regulatory body. Chapter 4 covers general safety considerations as described in articles 10 to 16 of the Convention. Chapter 5 addresses to the safety of the installations during siting, design, construction and operation. Chapter 6 describes planned activities to further enhance nuclear safety. Chapter 7 presents the final remarks related to the degree of compliance with the Convention obligations

An evaluation of light water breeder reactor system (LWBR) as an alternative for nuclear power generation in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sauer, I.L.

1981-01-01

The LWBR system as an alternative for nuclear power generation in Brazil, was technically and economically evaluated. The LWBR system has been characterized comparatively with the Pressurized Water Reactors through technological and investment cost analysis and through the analysis of the processes and unit costs of the fuel cycle stages. The characteristics of the LWBR system in comparison to the PWR system, with respect to utilization and cumulative consumption of uranium and thorium resources, fuel cycle processes and associated costs have been determined for possible alternatives of nuclear power participation in the Brazilian hidro-thermal electricity generating system. The analysis concluded that the LWBR system does not represent an attractive alternative for nuclear power generation in Brazil and even has no potential to compete with conventional Pressurized Water Reactors. (Author) [pt

Agreement between the Republic of Argentina and the Federative Republic of Brazil for the exclusively peaceful use of nuclear energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1991-01-01

The document reproduces the text of the Agreement between the Republic of Argentina and the Federative Republic of Brazil for the Exclusively Peaceful Use of Nuclear Energy, signed by the Ministers for Foreign Affairs of Argentina and Brazil in Guadalajara, Mexico, on 18 July 1991

Keeping ports accessible: Brazil is saving “millions” in dredging costs thanks to nuclear techniques

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Quevenco, Rodolfo

2015-01-01

With a coastline of over 8500 kilometres, 90 per cent of Brazil’s total exports and imports pass through its ports. Many of the country’s major ports and harbours were built over 100 years ago. Keeping shipping lanes open and enabling these ports to accommodate larger vessels with ever bigger loads requires constant dredging, often at high cost. Over the years, the use of nuclear techniques to study sediment build-up and transport across major ports and harbours (see box) has saved Brazil millions of dollars in dredging costs, said Jefferson Vianna Bandeira, a senior researcher in the Environment Department of the National Nuclear Energy Commission of Brazil. With IAEA assistance, Bandeira and a team of scientists have been using radiotracers to map sediment movements that affect Brazil’s major ports since the 1960s.

Assessment of two small-sized innovative nuclear reactors for electricity generation in Brazil using INPRO methodology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Goncalves Filho, Orlando Joao Agostinho; Sefidvash, Farhang

2009-01-01

This paper presents the main results of the assessment study of two small-sized innovative reactors for electricity generation in Brazil using the methodology developed under the International Project on Innovative Nuclear Reactors and Fuel Cycles (INPRO), co-ordinated by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). INPRO was initiated in 2001 and has the main objective of helping to ensure that nuclear energy is available to contribute in a sustainable manner to the energy needs of the 21st century. Brazil joined the INPRO project since its beginning and in 2005 submitted a proposal for the assessment using INPRO methodology of two small-sized reactors (IRIS - International Reactor Innovative and Secure, and FBNR - Fixed Bed Nuclear Reactor) as potential components of an innovative nuclear energy system (INS) completed by a conventional open nuclear fuel cycle based on enriched uranium. The scope of this assessment study was restricted to the reactor component of the INS and to the methodology areas of economics and safety for IRIS, and proliferation resistance and safety for FBNR. The results indicate that both IRIS and FBNR innovative designs comply mostly with the basic principles of the areas assessed and have potential to comply with the remaining ones. (author)

The role of nuclear energy in the generation of electricity in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rosa, L.P.

1981-01-01

A comparative calculation of the potential of conventional electricity-generating energy sources-hydroelectric, coal, nuclear - according to different cost levels of generated energy is presented. Assuming a plausible estimate of the demand increase for electricity in the country, calculations show that nuclear energy will have an important role in Brazil only in the second decade of the next century. The potential of some other alternative electricity generating sources is calculated - shale and biomass (bagasse and biogas of vinhoto are discussed) - indicating that by that time nuclear energy will indeed be an option, but not necessarily the only one or the best. Finally a chronological table has been worked out indicating a construction schedule for the reactors in case the option is for nuclear energy - keeping in mind that this option does not depend exclusively on technical and economic but also political criteria and therefore requires a democratic decision-making process. (Author) [pt

The licensing of nuclear power plants in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lederman, L.

1980-01-01

In Brazil the governmental organization responsible for the licensing of NPPs is the Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CNEN), the Brazilian Regulatory Body. A description of CNEN's organization, responsabilities and working methods, as well as the present situation of the Brazilian NPPs undergoing licensing, has recently been presented. In this paper the experience gained by CNEN in the course of licensing Brazilian NPPs Units I and II is discussed. CNEN's present day technical competence and its future trends are analysed with regard to in-house capacity, foreign consultants and research contracts with Brazilian Universities. Finally, the immediate need for a Safety research programm in support of licensing is discussed. Manpower needs and major areas for such a programm are also indicated. (orig./RW)

The role of nuclear emulsions in the institutionalization of research in experimental physics in Brazil; O papel das emulsoes nucleares na institucionalizacao da pesquisa em fisica experimental no Brasil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vieira, Cassio Leite [Instituto Ciencia Hoje, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Videira, Antonio A.P. [Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), RJ (Brazil); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Brasilia, DF (Brazil)

2011-07-01

In this paper, we describe and analyze the introduction and the use of the nuclear emulsions technique in Brazil. Even though consistent researches in cosmic ray physics had been done since the forties of the last century in this country, physicists here only began using this technique after Cesar Lattes' works in Bristol (England) and Berkeley (US). Despite being the implantation of the technique in this country posterior to the origin of the method itself dated from late 1900s, Brazilian scientists were quickly familiarized with it and adopted it not only in cosmic rays, but also in particle physics and nuclear physics, employing it until recently. In our work, we will be concerned with the reasons of this longevity. In other words, why were the nuclear emulsions technique employed for so many years in Brazil, even after its vanishing in physics researches centers in the world? We advance here that the answer to this question involves the institutionalization of science in Brazil mainly physics and economical, social, and geographic reasons. (author)

The victory against Greenpeace-Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

2001-01-01

The author writes down an interview with the President of the Brazilian association for nuclear energy (ABEN). ABEN has actively participated to the rebirth of nuclear energy in Brazil. During the beginning of the nineties Brazil underwent several anti-nuclear campaigns led by Greenpeace-Brazil, these campaigns found a favorable echo among the public because of the radiation accident of Goiania (1987) when a Cesium-137 source found in a dump site irradiated several families, killing 4 people, and of the technical difficulties that appeared during the first operating months of the Angra-1 nuclear power plant. The public controversy was so strong that it was in the air to stop the building work on the Angra-2 site. A counter campaign showing the dark sides of the Greenpeace organisation, opened the eyes to Brazilian politicians and now nuclear energy is re-established in the public esteem. (A.C.)

Simulação numérica aplicada para avaliar o efeito da pré-polimerização no comportamento de reatores tubulares Numerical simulation to evaluate the effect from pre-polymerization on the behavior of tubular reactors

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

André L. Nogueira

2007-09-01

Full Text Available O presente estudo utiliza um modelo matemático fenomenológico para simular um sistema de polimerização contínuo em dois estágios. Este sistema é composto por um reator contínuo tipo tanque agitado (CSTR, para pré-polimerização do monômero (primeiro estágio, associado em série a um reator tubular para conduzir a reação até elevados valores de conversão (segundo estágio. Um modelo detalhado, considerando variações axiais e radiais, assim como operação não-isotérmica, foi utilizado para simular o comportamento do reator tubular em diferentes situações. Um modelo de caracterização também foi desenvolvido para fornecer estimativas do peso molecular médio e do índice de polidispersão do polímero. Os resultados mostram que reações de polimerização conduzidas em sistemas contínuos de dois estágios fornecem um polímero com propriedades menos heterogêneas do que um polímero obtido em um sistema reacional composto por apenas um reator tubular. Além disso, quanto maior a viscosidade da mistura reacional alimentada ao reator tubular, mais homogêneo é o polímero obtido.The present study uses a phenomenological model to simulate a continuous, two-stage polymerization process. This system is composed by a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR for monomer pre-polymerization (first stage, connected to a tubular reactor (second stage to carry out the reaction up to high conversion values. A comprehensive non-isothermal 2-D model (axial and radial variations was used to predict the tubular reactor behavior. A polymer characterization model was also developed to provide estimates of the polymer average molecular weight and polydispersity. According to the results, polymerization reactions carried out in a continuous two-stage system provide a polymer with less heterogeneous properties than the one obtained in a single tubular reactor. Besides, it is possible to produce a more homogeneous polymer increasing the viscosity

Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (CENA) - Sao Paulo, Brazil, - Annual report, 1978

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

The activities carried out at 'Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (CENA) S.P., Brazil, in 1978 are related, such as : development of research on the use of radioisotopes in crop improvement and plant breeding, as well as in the improvement of animal production; works in collaboration with other entities; personnel formation and scientific exchange with other countries. (M.A.) [pt

Notes on third party liability for nuclear damage in connection with the construction of the first nuclear power plant in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Simoes, A.C.

1975-01-01

Responsibilities for the construction and operation of the first nuclear power plant have been transferred from the National Nuclear Energy Commission to Electrobras, a public undertaking set up for this purpose. In view of such transfer of responsibilities and the implementation of further nuclear power projects, liability for nuclear damage has to be regulated in a way consistent with international conventions. A working group associating representatives of national authorities and public utilities was entrusted with the task of drafting rules for co-ordinating their respective activities in relation to the execution of the first nuclear power project; these rules were issued by Ministerial order in 1970. The working group also prepared a draft law on civil liability for nuclear damage, based on the Vienna Convention. This draft law has reached its final stage and, after promulgation, will enable Brazil to ratify the Vienna Convention. (author)

Communications received from Argentina and Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1988-05-01

The document reproduces the Joint Declaration on Nuclear Policy signed by the Presidents of Argentina and Brazil on 30 November 1985, the Protocol on Nuclear Co-operation between Argentina and Brazil signed on 10 December 1986, the Joint Declaration on Nuclear Policy signed by the two Presidents on 10 December 1986, the Joint Declaration on Nuclear Policy signed by the two Presidents on 17 July 1987 and the Joint Declaration on Nuclear Policy (IPERO Declaration) signed by the two Presidents on 8 April 1988

Sustainability indicators for innovation and research institutes of nuclear area in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alves, S.F.; Barreto, A.A.; Rodrigues, P.C.H.; Feliciano, V.M.D.

2016-01-01

Indicators are relevant tools for measuring sustainability process. In this study, the relevance of sustainability indicators appropriate for research and innovation institutes in Brazil is discussed. As reference for case study, nuclear research and innovation institutes were chosen. Sixty-nine sustainability indicators were considered. Some of these indicators were obtained from lists in the literature review, distributed between the dimensions environmental, economic, social, cultural and institutional. The other indicators were developed through discussions between professionals from nuclear, environmental, economic, social and cultural areas. Among the investigated indicators, 32 were selected as being the most relevant. Discrepancies were found during the analysis the opinions of the experts in relation to sustainability dimensions proposed. (author)

The TERRA project, a space nuclear micro-reactor case study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Guimaraes, Lamartine N.F.; Nascimento, Jamil A.; Borges, Eduardo M.; Lobo, Paulo D. Castro; Placco, Guilherme M.; Barrios Junior, Ary G.

2011-01-01

The TEcnologia de Reatores Rapidos Avancados project, also known as TERRA Project is been conducted by the Institute for Advanced Studies IEAv. The TERRA project has a general objective of understanding and developing the key technologies that will allow (Brazil) the use of nuclear technology to generate electricity in space. This electricity may power several space systems and/or a type of plasma based engine. Also, the type of reactor intended for space may be used for power generation in very inhospitable environment such as the ocean floor. Some of the mentioned technologies may include: Brayton cycles, Stirling engines, heat pipes and its coupled systems, nuclear fuel technology, new materials and several others. Once there is no mission into which apply this technology, at this moment, this research may be conducted in many forms and ways. The fact remains that when this technology becomes needed there will be no way that we (Brazilians) will be able to buy it from. This technology, in this sense, is highly strategic and will be the key to commercially explore deep space. Therefore, there is the need to face the development problems and solve them, to gain experience with our own rights and wrongs. This paper will give a brief overview of what has been done so far, on experimental facilities and hardware that could support space system development, including a Brayton cycle test facility, Tesla turbine testing, and Stirling engine development and modeling. Our great problem today is lack of human resources. To attend that problem we are starting a new graduate program that will allow overcoming that, given the proper time frame. (author)

The TERRA project, a space nuclear micro-reactor case study

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Guimaraes, Lamartine N.F.; Nascimento, Jamil A.; Borges, Eduardo M.; Lobo, Paulo D. Castro, E-mail: guimarae@ieav.cta.br, E-mail: jamil@ieav.cta.br, E-mail: eduardo@ieav.cta.br [Divisao de Energia Nuclear. Instituto de Estudos Avancados, Sao Jose dos Campos, SP (Brazil); Placco, Guilherme M.; Barrios Junior, Ary G. [Faculdade de Tecnologia Sao Francisco (FATESF), Jacarei, SP (Brazil)

2011-07-01

The TEcnologia de Reatores Rapidos Avancados project, also known as TERRA Project is been conducted by the Institute for Advanced Studies IEAv. The TERRA project has a general objective of understanding and developing the key technologies that will allow (Brazil) the use of nuclear technology to generate electricity in space. This electricity may power several space systems and/or a type of plasma based engine. Also, the type of reactor intended for space may be used for power generation in very inhospitable environment such as the ocean floor. Some of the mentioned technologies may include: Brayton cycles, Stirling engines, heat pipes and its coupled systems, nuclear fuel technology, new materials and several others. Once there is no mission into which apply this technology, at this moment, this research may be conducted in many forms and ways. The fact remains that when this technology becomes needed there will be no way that we (Brazilians) will be able to buy it from. This technology, in this sense, is highly strategic and will be the key to commercially explore deep space. Therefore, there is the need to face the development problems and solve them, to gain experience with our own rights and wrongs. This paper will give a brief overview of what has been done so far, on experimental facilities and hardware that could support space system development, including a Brayton cycle test facility, Tesla turbine testing, and Stirling engine development and modeling. Our great problem today is lack of human resources. To attend that problem we are starting a new graduate program that will allow overcoming that, given the proper time frame. (author)

Scientific and technical production of IPEN - Nuclear and Energetic Research Institute, SP, Brazil. 1997-1999

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2001-01-01

This document reports the general activities results of technical and scientific research production of the Institute for Energetic and Nuclear Researches, IPEN, Brazil, during the year of 1997-1999, listing journal articles, scientific events (complete texts, communications, abstracts and panels), thesis and dissertations, books, technical and scientific reports

Modelagem e simulação de reator trifasico aplicado a oleos pesados com reações de hidrocraqueamento termico e catalitico, desmetalização e deposição de coque na mistura e no catalisador

OpenAIRE

Letivan Gonçalves de Mendonça Filho

1998-01-01

Resumo: Esta dissertação apresenta a modelagem e simulação de um reator tipo ?slurry bubble column? que opera em leito fluidizado trifásico (gás-liquido-solido) com arraste de sólidos para promover a hidroconversão de resíduos de vácuo em condições severas de temperatura e pressão. Nosso objetivo foi reproduzir os fenômenos responsáveis pelas paradas típicas de reatores de hidroconversão de leito fluidizado trifásico, que são separação de fases devido a precipitação ds asfaltenos, a deposição...

A study on the public perception in nuclear area in Brazil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Almeida, Renata Araujo de [Coordenacao dos Programas de Pos-Graduacao de Engenharia (PEN/COPPE/UFRJ), RJ (Brazil). Programa de Engenharia Nuclear; Moreira, Maria de Lourdes; Guimaraes, Antonio Cesar Ferreira, E-mail: malu@ien.gov.b, E-mail: tony@ien.gov.b [Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear (IEN/CNEN-RJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Wieland, Patricia, E-mail: pwieland@cnen.gov.b [Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CNEN), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Diretoria de Radioprotecao e Seguranca Nuclear. Div. de Normas

2011-07-01

During the course of the last years the need for the increase in the electric energy production in Brazil as well as in the rest of the world, has raised the tone of the debate about the environment impact of such production. As a result of these debates, both the several levels of government and some of the Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO's) have commissioned innumerous opinion researches aiming at measuring and evaluating the knowledge and perception of the public in relation of the best non-polluting energy sources. Prior to 2001 these researches would not make any sense in Brazil., however due to that year's drought, the competent authorities were faced with the necessity of developing a plan, the Plano Nacional de Energia (PNE2030) aiming, among others objectives, at finalizing the construction of the Angra 3 plant and implementing new nuclear plants in places still to be determined. Allowing for the complexity of the subject, this paper presents a field research conducted from 28th September 2010 to 28th October 2010 assessing the current level of perception of the Brazilian population about the nuclear area, in particular of the residents of three cities of Rio de Janeiro. As a result of this work, we suggest how the competent authorities should proceed to reach in an efficient manner a greater understanding of the population about the proposed subject, through communication campaigns being both informative and educational. (author)

A study on the public perception in nuclear area in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Almeida, Renata Araujo de; Wieland, Patricia

2011-01-01

During the course of the last years the need for the increase in the electric energy production in Brazil as well as in the rest of the world, has raised the tone of the debate about the environment impact of such production. As a result of these debates, both the several levels of government and some of the Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO's) have commissioned innumerous opinion researches aiming at measuring and evaluating the knowledge and perception of the public in relation of the best non-polluting energy sources. Prior to 2001 these researches would not make any sense in Brazil., however due to that year's drought, the competent authorities were faced with the necessity of developing a plan, the Plano Nacional de Energia (PNE2030) aiming, among others objectives, at finalizing the construction of the Angra 3 plant and implementing new nuclear plants in places still to be determined. Allowing for the complexity of the subject, this paper presents a field research conducted from 28th September 2010 to 28th October 2010 assessing the current level of perception of the Brazilian population about the nuclear area, in particular of the residents of three cities of Rio de Janeiro. As a result of this work, we suggest how the competent authorities should proceed to reach in an efficient manner a greater understanding of the population about the proposed subject, through communication campaigns being both informative and educational. (author)

Tratamento de água com hidrocarbonetos aromáticos por uso de reator em bateladas sequenciais com inoculo fúngico Treatment of water with aromatic hydrocarbons by use of sequential batch reactor with fungi inoculum

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kelly Rodrigues

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Um reator em batelada, aerado, com biomassa imobilizada de Aspergillus niger AN400 foi operado durante 10 ciclos de 7 dias para remover benzeno (200 mg.L-1, tolueno (200 mg.L-1 e xileno (50 mg.L-1 - BTX - e de nutrientes de meio basal. O reator era alimentado semanalmente com 4 L do meio e glicose - 1 g.L-1, na Fase I, e 0,5 g.L-1, na Fase II. Os BTX foram detectados até o quarto dia de operação, em todos os ciclos. As melhores eficiências médias de remoção foram na Fase I: 75%de matéria orgânica solúvel, 80% de ortofosfato e 77% de amônia. O reator pode ser uma alternativa viável para tratamento de águas poluídas com BTX, porém há a necessidade de estudar o comportamento do reator durante período de operação mais longo e com ciclos reacionais mais curtos, bem como da identificação dos metabólitos produzidos.A batch reactor with air and immobilized biomass of Aspergillus niger AN400 was operated during 10 cycles of 7 days to remove benzene (200 mg.L-1, toluene (200 mg.L-1, and xylene (50 mg.L-1 - BTX - and nutrients from basal medium. The reactor was weekly fed with 4 L of the medium and glucose - 1 g.L-1 (Phase I and 0.5 g.L-1 (Phase II. The BTX had been detected until the fourth day of operation in all cycles. The best efficiencies of removal had been in Phase I: 75% of soluble organic matter, 80% of orthophosphate and 77% of ammonia. The reactor can be a viable alternative for the contaminated water treatment with BTX. However it has the necessity to study behavior of the reactor during longer period of operation and with shorter reaction cycles, as well as the identification of the produced metabolites.

Tratamento de efluentes de refinaria de petróleo em reatores com Aspergillus niger Treatment of petroleum refinery wastewater by reactors inoculated with Aspergillus niger

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sandra Tédde Santaella

2009-03-01

Full Text Available Neste trabalho, avaliou-se o efeito do tempo de detenção hidráulica (TDH no desempenho de três reatores aeróbios inoculados com Aspergillus niger AN400, usados para tratamento de efluentes de refinarias de petróleo. Cada reator foi operado com um tempo de detenção hidráulica diferente: 4, 8 e 12 horas, durante 152 dias. Eles possuíam leito fixo de espuma de poliuretano e o escoamento era ascendente e contínuo. Determinaram-se: pH, fenóis, demanda química de oxigênio (DQO, amônia, nitrito e nitrato, no afluente e efluentes dos reatores. O TDH de oito horas foi o melhor para remoção de DQOsolúvel e não houve diferença entre os TDHs para remoção de fenóis totais. No período estável não houve remoção de nitrato; no entanto ocorreu remoção de nitrito de aproximadamente 99%. Além disto, houve produção de amônia devido à amonificação a partir do nitrito presente no meio.This paper evaluated the effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT on the performance of three upflow aerobic reactors, with polyurethane foam as support material, inoculated with Aspergillus niger AN400, used for the treatment of petroleum refinery wastewater. Each reactor was operated with a different HRT: 4, 8 and 12 hours, during 152 days. The performance was evaluated based on pH; phenols; COD, nitrate and nitrite. The results show that for the COD removal, it is more reasonable to operate the reactor with HRT of eight hours. However, there was no difference among results of phenol removal efficiency of the different HRTs. During steady state condition, nitrite was removed in approximately 99%, but there was no reduction on the nitrate concentration. Ammonia was produced in all reactors, probably due to ammonification of nitrite.

TLD environmental monitoring at the Institute of Nuclear Engineering in Brazil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Taam, I.H. [Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear (IEN/CNEN-RJ), Caixa Postal 68550, 21945-970 Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Rosa, L.A.R. da [Instituto de Radioprotecao e Dosimetria (IRD/CNEN-RJ), Av. Salvador Allende s/n, Caixa Postal 37760, 22780-160 Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)], E-mail: lrosa@ird.gov.br; Crispim, V.R. [PEN/COPPE-DNC/POLI/CT/UFRJ, Caixa Postal 68509, 21941-972 Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2008-09-15

Since 2003 the Institute of Nuclear Engineering in Rio de Janeiro city, Brazil, operates a new cyclotron, RDS-111, to produce {sup 18}F-Fluorodeoxyglucose to be used in nuclear medicine. Additionally, the IEN radioactive waste repository has been enlarged during the past last years, receiving a considerable amount of radioactive materials. Therefore, it became necessary to evaluate a possible increase of the environmental gamma exposure rates at the institute site due to the operation of the new accelerator and the enlargement of the institute waste repository as well. LiF:Mg,Cu,P, TLD-100H, and TL detectors were employed for environmental kerma rate evaluation and the results were compared with previous results obtained before the RDS-111 operation initialisation and the enlargement of IEN waste repository. No significant contribution for the enhancement of environmental gamma kerma rates was detected.

Transferência de oxigênio em reatores de leito fluidizado com circulação em tubos concêntricos em meios bifásico e trifásico com variação da relação entre diâmetros

OpenAIRE

Araújo,Leandro Santos de; Dall'Aglio Sobrinho,Milton; Gebara,Dib

2010-01-01

A eficiência do reator de leito fluidizado com circulação em tubos concêntricos depende das condições hidrodinâmicas que influem na transferência de oxigênio ao biofilme. Este trabalho investigou a influência da relação entre diâmetros dos tubos e da concentração de meio suporte (areia), sobre o coeficiente global de transferência de oxigênio (K La). Os ensaios - em reatores de 2,6 m de altura, com diâmetro externo de 250 mm e internos de 100, 125, 150 e 200 mm - empregaram vazões de ar até 2...

Construction of sustainability indicators for Nuclear Area Innovation and Research Institutes in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alves, Simone Fonseca

2017-01-01

The dissertation consists of a construction of appropriate sustainability indicators for nuclear area innovation and research institutes in Brazil. In order to do so, the results of the construction process, as well as, the perception of the population that resides in the area surrounding this type of institute are presented and discussed. As reference for this case study, the Nuclear Technology Development Center (CDTN) was chosen. It is located in Pampulha, more specifically, on the campus of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. One of the methodological processes present in this research is the Delphi method, because it is the most used in the construction of indicators. Its application in this work allowed obtaining the of specialist group opinions collected through a questionnaire. Initially, sixty-nine sustainability indicators were considered. They were distributed among the environmental, economic, socio cultural and institutional dimensions, some of which were obtained through lists of indicators pointed by literature review. Other indicators were built through discussions with groups from the nuclear, environmental, economic and socio cultural areas. Among the set of indicators investigated, twenty-six were selected as being the most relevant. A questionnaire was then applied to one hundred and twenty individuals living in the vicinity of the CDTN. Discrepancies were found during the analysis the opinions of the experts in relation to sustainability dimensions proposed, as well as, indicators of the same dimensions were varied. However, the opinion of the population and the opinion of the experts had similar results. Finally, this study is the first proposal for the nuclear sector to construct this kind of indicator that takes into account the evaluation of experts and the opinion of the community that resides around these institutions. (author)

Desenvolvimento de um sensor por software para avaliação de biomassa em reatores anaeróbios

OpenAIRE

Rodríguez, Jaime Eduardo Navarrete

2003-01-01

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Química. Um sensor por software para a determinação da concentração de biomassa em reatores anaeróbicos, em regime acetoclástico é apresentado. O sensor por software é baseado em medições de pressão do sistema experimental e um observador de estados não linear. O projeto do observador de estados é realizado a partir dos balanços de massa das espécies químicas e bioló...

Release of alpha emitters into the environment by Nuclear Industries of Brazil in Resende, RJ

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pereira, Wagner S.; Kelecom, Alphonse; Santos, Rodney; Santos, Maisa F.M.; Torres, Vinicius R.M.; Rodrigues, Jéssica J.S.; Universidade Veiga de Almeida; Universidade Federal Fluminense

2017-01-01

The Nuclear Industries of Brazil operates in the field of nuclear energy and has a monopoly on mining and manufacturing the nuclear fuel element in Brazil. The Nuclear Fuel Factory is also responsible for the reconversion process, the manufacture of the pellets and the assembly of the fuel element. Once there is a possibility of particulate material generation during the reconversion processes and the manufacture of pellets, a method of collective protection of the worker was established, which includes a system of air exhaustion of the factory area, with the capacity to renew the indoor air six times per hour. As a control measure, there is a system of automatic detection of the release of radionuclides in the chimney that monitors and calculates the released values. Through the dose calculation model established by the National Commission for Nuclear Energy the release limit is fixed at 1.2∙ 10"7Bq.y"-"1 of alpha emitters by FCN. The present work aims to evaluate the alpha radionuclides released by FCN, in terms of total release (Bq) and Activity Concentration (AC, mBq∙m"-"3). In 2016 it was released 4.14∙10"6Bq.y"-"1, which means an average of 3.45∙10"5Bq.month"-"1. The largest mean for AC was 4.03 mBq∙m"-"3. The release data was almost an order of magnitude lower than the annual release limit, proving the suitability of the atmospheric effluents to the licensing requirements. The largest magnitudes of the two variables (AC and release) were observed in August while the smallest ones, in January. (author)

Release of alpha emitters into the environment by Nuclear Industries of Brazil in Resende, RJ

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pereira, Wagner S.; Kelecom, Alphonse; Santos, Rodney; Santos, Maisa F.M.; Torres, Vinicius R.M.; Rodrigues, Jéssica J.S., E-mail: comap@inb.gov.br, E-mail: pereiraws@gmail.com, E-mail: lararapls@hotmail.com [Indústrias Nucleares do Brasil (COMAP.N/FCN/INB), Resende RJ (Brazil). Fábrica de Combustível Nuclear. Coordenação de Meio Ambiente e Proteção Radiológica Ambiental; Universidade Veiga de Almeida (UVA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Universidade Federal Fluminense (LARARA-PLS/UFF), Niterói, RJ (Brazil). Laboratório de Radiobiologia e Radiometria

2017-07-01

The Nuclear Industries of Brazil operates in the field of nuclear energy and has a monopoly on mining and manufacturing the nuclear fuel element in Brazil. The Nuclear Fuel Factory is also responsible for the reconversion process, the manufacture of the pellets and the assembly of the fuel element. Once there is a possibility of particulate material generation during the reconversion processes and the manufacture of pellets, a method of collective protection of the worker was established, which includes a system of air exhaustion of the factory area, with the capacity to renew the indoor air six times per hour. As a control measure, there is a system of automatic detection of the release of radionuclides in the chimney that monitors and calculates the released values. Through the dose calculation model established by the National Commission for Nuclear Energy the release limit is fixed at 1.2∙ 10{sup 7}Bq.y{sup -1} of alpha emitters by FCN. The present work aims to evaluate the alpha radionuclides released by FCN, in terms of total release (Bq) and Activity Concentration (AC, mBq∙m{sup -3}). In 2016 it was released 4.14∙10{sup 6}Bq.y{sup -1}, which means an average of 3.45∙10{sup 5}Bq.month{sup -1}. The largest mean for AC was 4.03 mBq∙m{sup -3}. The release data was almost an order of magnitude lower than the annual release limit, proving the suitability of the atmospheric effluents to the licensing requirements. The largest magnitudes of the two variables (AC and release) were observed in August while the smallest ones, in January. (author)

Conflict between constitutional norms: monopoly of nuclear ore and the social function of property in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Costa-de-Moura, Jorge

2014-01-01

This monograph broaches about the conflict existing between the social Constitution of 1988, in relation to what is disposed in the Article 5, XXIII and XXIV, entrenchment clause of immediate application that determines the social function of property in Brazil, and articles 21, XXIII, and 177, V, that stipulate the monopoly of ores containing nuclear elements, i.e., those containing the chemical elements uranium, thorium, and plutonium in economically exploitable amounts. Initially, the work deals with legal definitions for nuclear ore, nuclear policy of some countries, the economical concepts of the social function of property and the negative aspects related to the maintenance of the nuclear ore in the state monopole regime in confrontation with the economic and social interest also expressed in the Constitutional Valance of 1988. Finally, it is presented an actualized compilation of nuclear laws related to the Brazilian nuclear policy and a glossary of terms used in the nuclear policy conducted by the Brazilian Nuclear Regulatory Agency (CNEN). (author)

Brazil's energy industry in a crisis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sangmeister, H.

1988-01-01

In volume 8/1986 of this periodical, Brazil's moving away from the program for the building and expansion of a national nuclear power industry had been reported on back of foreign currencies and urgently necessary saving measures of the public means influence not only the construction of nuclear power plants, they also decay instruments in other areas of energy industry. In the area of electric power, some nationalisations have already taken place and in petroleum supply, the need for imports is increasing again. Furthermore, there is reason to believe that some of the energy-political solutions which Brazil had chosen as answers to the petroleum price shocks of 1973/74 and 1979/80 are likely to lead to some considerable problems in the near future. In the middle of these crises in which Brazil's energy industry has been for some time now, there is nonetheless one spectacular event. Brazil's President, Mr. Jose Sarney, announced the command of the nuclear cycle by means of national technology. (orig.) [de

Efeito do retorno de lodo aeróbio sobre as características da biomassa presente em reatores UASB tratando esgoto sanitário Effect of aerobic sludge return on the characteristics of anaerobic biomass present in UASB reactors treating domestic sewage

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patrícia Procópio Pontes

2009-06-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho buscou avaliar a influência do retorno do lodo produzido em filtros biológicos percoladores (FBP sobre as características da biomassa em reatores UASB utilizados para o tratamento de esgoto sanitário. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em reatores em escala piloto e em escala de demonstração, sendo que os reatores UASB foram operados com e sem retorno do lodo produzido nos FBP. Os resultados obtidos indicaram uma diminuição no diâmetro das partículas de lodo, durante as fases com retorno de lodo, mas apenas para as amostras de lodo tomadas nos pontos mais altos dos reatores anaeróbios. A estabilidade e a atividade metanogênica específica do lodo anaeróbio praticamente não se modificaram com o retorno de lodo. Conforme esperado, a produção específica de lodo anaeróbio aumentou com o retorno de lodo.This work aimed at evaluating the influence of the return of excess aerobic sludge produced in trickling filters (TF upon the biomass characteristics in UASB reactors used for the treatment of domestic sewage. The experiments were carried out in pilot and demonstration-scale reactors, with the UASB reactors being operated with and without the return of sludge produced in the TF. Smaller sludge particle sizes were observed when the aerobic sludge was returned to the UASB reactor, but only for sludge samples collected in the upper parts of the anaerobic reactors. Sludge stability and specific methanogenic activity were not affected by the return of sludge. As expected, the specific anaerobic sludge production increased with the return of sludge.

Remoção de BTEX por fungos em reator aeróbio de escoamento contínuo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kelly Rodrigues

2017-04-01

Full Text Available RESUMO Foi estudada a remoção de compostos BTEX (benzeno, tolueno, etilbenzeno e xilenos em reator de escoamento contínuo e mistura perfeita, com inóculo de Aspergillus niger AN 400, operado sob o tempo de detenção hidráulica (TDH de 12 horas para avaliar a eficiência do sistema na biorremediação de água poluída com gasolina na presença (Etapa I e na ausência (Etapa II de glicose (0,5 g.L-1. A água poluída com gasolina foi preparada na proporção de 10:1000 mL (gasolina:água. Na primeira etapa foi ainda estudada a influência da adição de nutrientes no afluente sobre a eficiência do processo. A adição de nutrientes foi benéfica ao processo e, mesmo com a retirada da glicose, a eficiência foi mantida, devido à metabolização do etanol - presente na gasolina brasileira em 25% - pelos fungos, sendo ambos fontes de carbono de assimilação mais fácil para obtenção de energia; o etanol e a glicose, foram usados como cossubstratos na degradação dos BTEX. Assim, na Etapa 2, quando somente havia o etanol no meio, chegou-se a percentuais médios de 88% para benzeno, 90% para tolueno, 90% para etilbenzeno, e de 91% para meta, para e orto-xileno (m, p e o-xileno, com formação de subprodutos fenólicos. A população fúngica predominou no meio ao longo de toda a operação do reator.

The law governing the nuclear licensing procedure in Brazil and in the Federal Republic of Germany

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Andrade Da Costa Lima, W.

1984-01-01

The two first parts of this thesis separately describe the framework of the legal system of the two countries in the field of nuclear energy, whereas the third part goes into details which are explained in order to prepare the subsequent comparative analysis. The comparison covers the structural set-up of the bodies of the national atomic energy provisions, the structure of the various nuclear licensing procedures, the role and competences of experts and their opinions, and the role and competence of jurisdiction. The most profound difference is found in the fact that Brazilian administrative law does not include jurisdiction of an administrative court, and this for constitutional reasons. The civil courts only have competence to examine acts of administration with regard to their legality. The procedure for licensing nuclear installations or equipment is determined by the central licensing authority within the framework of its competency. So far, there have been no attempts in Brazil to seek judicial remedy or to start an action to set aside decisions taken in the nuclear licensing procedure. Furthermore, there are no means in Brazilian law to stop licensing whenever the requirements of Art. 7, section 1, no. I-IV of Lei 6189 are met. The licensing authority has no scope of discretion. Applicants for a licence in Brazil will have no problems in finding out which regulations are applicable to their particular case. The concrete definition of details, however, always is a time-consuming and expensive process. (orig./HSCH) [de

UTILIZAÇÃO DA BUCHA VEGETAL DE CURCUBITÁCEA COMO MATERIAL SUPORTE EM REATOR ANAERÓBIO DE LEITO FIXO / USE OF CUCURBITACEOUS BUSH AS SUPPORT MATERIAL IN ANAEROBIC FIXED BED REACTOR

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

T. B. Magassy

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Este projeto avaliou o desempenho de um sistema para tratamento de esgoto sanitário operando de modo contínuo e sem recirculação da fase líquida. O trabalho se diferencia por utilizar a bucha vegetal de curcubitácea como material suporte do reator, pouco estudada para essa finalidade de tratamento biológico de efluentes. Esse material se caracteriza por ser leve, barato e facilmente encontrado na região do alto sertão alagoano, além de ser integralmente natural e com características favoráveis à imobilização de biomassa. A bucha curcubitácea vem se mostrando bastante eficiente para o tratamento de efluentes líquidos, relacionando os conceitos de sustentabilidade e eficiência. Foi utilizado um reator anaeróbio, em escala de bancada, de leito fixo e fluxo contínuo de escoamento ascendente. O desempenho do sistema foi avaliado em três diferentes tempos de detenção hidráulica (TDH, 8, 6 e 4 horas. Os valores efluentes médios para nitrogênio amoniacal foram de 22,71 mg N/L; 27,97 mg N/L; e 32,40 mg N/L para tempos de detenção hidráulica (TDH, 8, 6 e 4 horas, respectivamente. Em termos de remoção de matéria orgânica representada pela DQO, o reator apresentou eficiência média de 73,0%, 59,7% e 64,0% para cada tempo estudado. Nesta pesquisa, foi desenvolvido um sistema de tratamento de esgoto sanitário estável, confiável e eficiente, em escala de bancada (experimental, baseado nos princípios do tratamento de efluentes por via biológica.

Modelagem de um reator integral aplicado na reação de reforma a vapor de metano = Modeling of integral reactor applied methane steam reforming

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Giane Gonçalves

2007-07-01

Full Text Available Freqüentemente, a validação de modelos matemáticos aplicados a reatores industriais esbarra na dificuldade de obtenção de medidas experimentais confiáveis. Uma maneira de contornar esta limitação corresponde à implantação de uma unidade em escala de bancada devidamente instrumentada, na qual são obtidos dados experimentais emcondições controladas. Neste contexto, foram efetuados ensaios em um reator integral de reforma a vapor de metano em escala de bancada, em diversas condições experimentais. As medidas de temperatura no leito foram efetuadas por meio de um termopar multiponto em seis posições axiais distintas, enquanto a composição do efluente do reator foi determinada por cromatografia gasosa. Estes dados experimentais foram comparados com as previsões de um modelo pseudo-homogêneo, unidimensional e dinâmico. Os resultados indicam que o modelo é adequado, sendo que tanto a atividade catalítica como a conversão são sensíveis à temperatura operacional, enquanto a temperatura do leito é praticamente insensível à vazão nas condições experimentais exploradas.Frequently, the validation of applied mathematical models of industrial reactors dash into the difficulty of obtaining reliable experimental data. A way to overcome this limitation is the proper use and operation or a in bench scale, experimental setup from whichexperimental data can be obtained in controlled conditions. In this context, experiments were carried out in an integral reactor of steam reform, in different experimental conditions. Thermocouples were placed along the catalyst bed to allow for temperature monitoring in six equally spaced and distinct positions of the reactor, the composition of the effluent of the reactor was determined by gas chromatography. These experimental data were compared with the theoretical results of a pseudo-homogeneous one-dimensional,dynamic mathematical model. The results indicate that the model can successfully

Tratabilidade do lodo biológico têxtil e produção de biogás em reator UASB em diferentes temperaturas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Júnia Schultz

Full Text Available RESUMO Neste trabalho avaliou-se o comportamento de um reator UASB em escala laboratorial (16 L no tratamento de lodo biológico têxtil com produção de biogás, operando em diferentes temperaturas, 35 (mesofílica, 45 e 55ºC (termofílica, com tempo de detenção hidráulica (TDH constante de 24 h. O reator UASB apresentou-se apto a tratar o lodo têxtil, sendo influenciado positivamente pelo incremento da temperatura, mostrando maiores remoções nas temperaturas termofílicas e com altas taxas de remoção de todos os parâmetros físico-químicos monitorados: demanda química de oxigênio (DQO (97% em 45 e 55ºC, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO (95% em 45ºC e 94% em 55ºC, fósforo total (P-total (95% a 45 e 55ºC e nitrogênio total (N-total (94% a 45 e 55ºC. Quanto à produção de biogás e à concentração de metano, os maiores valores foram observados a 45ºC. Com base nos resultados alcançados, confirmam-se a tratabilidade do lodo têxtil e a produção de biogás em UASB, com melhor performance a 45ºC.

The PRONUCLEAR role (1976-1986) in the human resource training for the nuclear area in Brazil: science history; O papel do PRONUCLEAR (1976 -1986) na formacao de recursos humanos para a area nuclear no Brasil: historia da ciencia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schmiedecke, Winston Gomes

2006-07-01

In 1975, an agreement between the governments of Brazil and West-Germany was signed for the construction of nuclear power plants in Brazil as well as the extraction, processing and enrichment of uranium. As the result of the first oil crisis and facing the perspective of a continuous world energy crisis, the Brazilian government decided to turn to nuclear power as an alternative supply for the country's energy needs. However, serious limitations were present regarding the transfer of nuclear technology for a third world country. This paper analyzes some aspects of the process involved in the creation of the specialized human resources during the extent of the agreement between Brazil and West Germany. Since its inception, the agreement received harsh criticism from the Brazilian nuclear physics and related fields scientific communities. Because the planning and implementation of the agreement took place during a period of military dictatorship, the decisions relating to the agreement were never debated between the policy makers and the scientific community. Not surprisingly, the agreement received plenty of criticism that ranged from the actual need for nuclear power to technical feasibility and suspicious of possible military uses and even the very policies created to prepare human resources to work in the nuclear area. One of the most important tools of these policies was the Programa de Recursos Humanos para o Setor Nuclear - PRONUCLEAR (Nuclear Sector Human Resources Program), implemented in 1976 and gradually deactivated starting in 1983. (author)

The PRONUCLEAR role (1976-1986) in the human resource training for the nuclear area in Brazil: science history; O papel do PRONUCLEAR (1976 -1986) na formacao de recursos humanos para a area nuclear no Brasil: historia da ciencia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schmiedecke, Winston Gomes

2006-07-01

In 1975, an agreement between the governments of Brazil and West-Germany was signed for the construction of nuclear power plants in Brazil as well as the extraction, processing and enrichment of uranium. As the result of the first oil crisis and facing the perspective of a continuous world energy crisis, the Brazilian government decided to turn to nuclear power as an alternative supply for the country's energy needs. However, serious limitations were present regarding the transfer of nuclear technology for a third world country. This paper analyzes some aspects of the process involved in the creation of the specialized human resources during the extent of the agreement between Brazil and West Germany. Since its inception, the agreement received harsh criticism from the Brazilian nuclear physics and related fields scientific communities. Because the planning and implementation of the agreement took place during a period of military dictatorship, the decisions relating to the agreement were never debated between the policy makers and the scientific community. Not surprisingly, the agreement received plenty of criticism that ranged from the actual need for nuclear power to technical feasibility and suspicious of possible military uses and even the very policies created to prepare human resources to work in the nuclear area. One of the most important tools of these policies was the Programa de Recursos Humanos para o Setor Nuclear - PRONUCLEAR (Nuclear Sector Human Resources Program), implemented in 1976 and gradually deactivated starting in 1983. (author)

Procedures, activities and doses in nuclear medicine cycle in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oliveira, Silvia Maria Velasques de

2005-01-01

With the aim of characterizing nuclear medicine procedures performed in Brazil, activities of radiopharmaceuticals used and effective doses to patients, data was collected from nuclear medicine institutions in three regions of the country, namely the Southeast, the Northeast and the South regions, representing public hospitals, university hospitals, private and philanthropic institutions with low, medium and high levels of consumption of radiopharmaceuticals. The three chosen regions are responsible for 92% of radiopharmaceutical consumption and imaging equipment in the country. Accordingly, it was requested of some participating institutions to fulfill manually from individual patients data, to record gender, age, weight, height and activities used, for each type of exam as well as the equipment used. In others, the researcher collected data personally. Per institution, nuclear medicine diagnostic procedures ranged from 700 to 13,000 per year, most of which are myocardial and bone imaging procedures, and imaging equipment ranged, from 1 to 8 machines, one or two head SPECT's (hybrid or not). 26.782 patients protocols were analysed, 24.371 adults and 2.411 children and teenagers. For adult patients, differences were observed in the amount of activities used in diagnostic procedures between public and private institutions, with lower average activities used in public institutions. Activities administered to children and their effective doses were difficult to evaluate due to the incompleteness of individual records. Appropriate individual patient records could be adopted without affecting hospitals routine and contributing for a comprehensive evaluation of the radiation protection of nuclear medicine patients. Data from 8.881 workers were analysed, 346 working at nuclear medicine institutions. For monitored workers and measurably exposed workers in nuclear medicine, the values 2.3 mSv and 5.4 mSv, respectively, for effective annual doses are greater than data

Aplicação da via curta para remoção biológica de nitrogênio de lixiviado de aterro sanitário utilizando reator em batelada sequencial

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luiz Felipe Tavares De Santana

2015-12-01

Full Text Available A presente pesquisa teve o objetivo de estudar a remoção biológica de nitrogênio amoniacal (N-NH3 e matéria orgânica biodegradável presente em lixiviado de aterro sanitário, aplicando a nitrificação por meio da via curta, operando um reator de polietileno, em bateladas sequenciais, com volumes úteis superiores a 400 L, ou seja, em escala piloto, aerado por meio de compressor de 1 cv. O experimento foi realizado no aterro sanitário em operação há onze anos, localizado no município de Camaçari - Bahia e operado pela empresa LIMPEC, responsável pelos serviços de coleta, transporte e destinação final dos resíduos sólidos urbanos e industriais não perigosos, gerados nos municípios de Camaçari e Dias D’Ávila, Bahia. O experimento foi conduzido durante 165 dias. Foram realizados: 7 (sete ciclos de tratamento utilizando razões de troca volumétrica de 10% e aerando o conteúdo do reator por 18 horas; 5 (cinco ciclos com razão de troca volumétrica de 20% e aerando o conteúdo do reator por 18 horas e, finalmente, 7 (sete ciclos com razão de troca volumétrica igual a 20% e aerando o conteúdo do reator por 24 horas. Todos os ciclos de tratamento foram operados com o conteúdo do reator a temperatura ambiente, sem correção de pH, e a concentração de oxigênio dissolvido (OD, durante a aeração, foi sempre inferior a 1,0 mg O2/L. Os melhores resultados de eficiência de remoção de poluentes de interesse foram obtidos quando o sistema foi operado com RTV iguais a 10 e 20% e tempos de aeração iguais a 18 e 24 horas respectivamente. Nessas condições operacionais, a remoção de N-NH3 variou entre 56 e 100%, correspondendo a concentrações efluentes entre 0,0 e 84,0 mg N-NH3/L, ou seja, durante 11 ciclos de tratamento o efluente atendeu à Resolução CONAMA 430/2011. O alcance do acúmulo de nitrito, avaliado por meio da razão nitrito/nitrogênio oxidado, mostrou-se estável durante todo o experimento. Ao longo

Nuclear energy and environment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alves, R.N.

1987-01-01

A general view about the use of energy for brazilian development is presented. The international situation of the nuclear field and the pacific utilization of nuclear energy in Brazil are commented. The safety concepts used for reactor and nuclear facilities licensing, the environmental monitoring program and radiation protection program used in Brazil are described. (E.G.) [pt

Unidade piloto em regime de batelada com sistema de reatores anaeróbios + microalgas + wetlands construídos em fluxo vertical

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Matheus Wink

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Três configurações para operar em batelada sistemas integrados que evoluíram para Reatores Anaeróbios + Microalgas + Wetlands Construídos de Fluxo Vertical (RA + MA + WCFV foram investigadas neste trabalho, tendo as configurações as seguintes características: combinação de tanque de MA com 90L de volume útil, dotado de recirculação interna em cone de acrílico e externa com tanque de 20L, também em acrílico, sendo integrado com WCFV com tempo de detenção hidráulico (TDH de 3 dias com a macrófita Hymenachne grumosa. A configuração do sistema RAs +MA + WCFV vem em operação nos últimos 8 meses, mostrando reduções totais de N-NH4+ (com concentração inicial de 68 mg L-1 , associando 50% de redução de DQO e 70% de fósforo total. Melhorias para o controle de remoção de algas residuais devem ser feitas para aplicação do WCFV, especialmente quanto a carga volumétrica, que deverá ser com até 20 cm dia-1. Para continuidade da evolução foram considerados que devem ser pesquisados os seguintes aspectos: impossibilidade de operação do sistema em fluxo contínuo; drenagem do sistema de lodo não permite sua remoção completa nos Reatores Anaeróbios (RAs e impossibilidade de recarga simultânea dos sistemas.

Assessment of 222Rn occupational exposure at IPEN nuclear materials storage site, SP, Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Caccuri, Lilian Saueia

2007-01-01

In this study it was assessed the occupational exposure to 222 Rn at IPEN, SP, Brazil, nuclear materials storage site through the committed effective dose received by workers exposed to this radionuclide. The radiation dose was calculated through the radon concentrations at nuclear materials storage site. Radon concentrations were determined by passive detection method with solid state nuclear detectors (SSNTD). The SSNTD used in this study was the polycarbonate Makrofol E; each detector is a small square plastic of 1 cm 2 , placed into a diffusion chamber type KFK. It was monitored 14 points at nuclear materials storage site and one external point, over a period of 21 months, changing the detectors every three months, from December 2004 to September 2006. The 222 Rn concentrations varied from 196 ± 9 and 2048 ± 81 Bq·m -3 . The committed effective dose due to radon inhalation at IPEN nuclear materials storage site was obtained from radon activity incorporated and dose conversion factor, according to International Commission on Radiological Protection procedures. The effective committed dose received by workers is below 20 mSv·y -1 . This value is suggested as an annual effective dose limit for occupational exposure by ICRP 60. (author)

The experience of CDTN/CNEN, Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear: A medium size nuclear research centre in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sobrinho, P.

2001-01-01

At first a university research centre, then a captive research centre of the state owned company in charge of establishing a nuclear industry in Brazil, then a research centre of CNEN (the Brazilian Nuclear Energy Authority), nearing its 50 th anniversary, CDTN has a rich experience. even keeping the project portfolio around a number of traditional nuclear energy areas such as nuclear reactors, materials, environment, process engineering, waste management, radiological protection, the institution experienced an evolution in the substance of the proposed projects. This evolution represents the different institutional insertions, but the major changes occurred at a time when, due to a lesser demand from the nuclear sector and other factors, the explicit idea of producing outputs for the benefit of society received a large acceptance from the employees. The challenges to the institution at this time are commented upon. Retirements, coupled to the lack of job openings, work together for the decrease in the staff number, one major challenge. Up to a certain point, private companies have been hired to fill some of the organisational needs, but it is felt that a limit to this policy is being reached. It is argued that, even in the absence of a strong demand from the energy generation sector, a number of opportunities are still available to a NRC in a developing country. Maturity of nuclear energy and applications of radiation tend to transfer the focus of the activities from the fundamentals of nuclear science and technology to quality related issues, a requirement of the modern times. quality systems cannot substitute for the in depth knowledge of the fundamentals. (author)

Nuclear technology and Latin America

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Raja Mohan, C.

1980-01-01

Developments in nuclear technology in Latin American countries, particularly in Argentina and Brazil, have been surveyed. In their efforts to acquire self-reliance in the nuclear field independently i.e. without seeking help from U.S.A., Argentina and Brazil came to accept stringent foreign controls on their nuclear programmes which envisage having a complete nuclear fuel cycle. Their struggle against the discriminatory nature of the NPT has become more or less theoretical. Moreover, the Latin American countries have signed the Tlatelolco treaty which prohibits testing, use, manufacture or acquisition of nuclear weapons. An encouraging feature is, however, growing bilateral and multilateral cooperation in the nuclear energy sector. It is illustrated by citing the example of the Argentina-Brazil nuclear cooperation agreement. The political significance of this development for the third world is discussed. (M.G.B.)

Neutron radiography in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rogers, J.D.

1983-01-01

Neutron radiography studies being carried out in reactor centres in Brazil are discussed. These research projects are under way using the 5 MW swimming pool reactor at the Institute of Energy and Nuclear Research (IPEN) in Sao Paulo and the Argonaut reactor at the Institute of Nuclear Engineering (IEN) in Rio de Janeiro. (Auth.)

Communication Received from the Permanent Mission of Brazil regarding Certain Member States' Guidelines for the Export of Nuclear Material, Equipment and Technology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2008-01-01

The Agency has received a Note Verbale from the Permanent Mission of Brazil, dated 22 March 2007, in which it requests that the Agency circulate to all Member States a letter of 12 December 2006 from the Chairman of the Nuclear Suppliers Group, Ambassador Jose Artur Denot Medeiros, to the Director General, on behalf of the Governments of Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Republic of Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxemburg, Malta, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America, providing further information on those Governments' Guidelines for Nuclear Transfers [es

Communication Received from the Permanent Mission of Brazil regarding Certain Member States' Guidelines for the Export of Nuclear Material, Equipment and Technology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2007-01-01

The Agency has received a Note Verbale from the Permanent Mission of Brazil, dated 22 March 2007, in which it requests that the Agency circulate to all Member States a letter of 12 December 2006 from the Chairman of the Nuclear Suppliers Group, Ambassador Jose Artur Denot Medeiros, to the Director General, on behalf of the Governments of Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Republic of Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxemburg, Malta, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America, providing further information on those Governments' Guidelines for Nuclear Transfers

Nitrogen gas supply device in nuclear power plant

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nishino, Masami

1991-01-01

The present invention concerns a nitrogen gas supply device in a nuclear power plant for supplying nitrogen gases to a reactor container and equipments working with the nitrogen gas as the load. A liquid nitrogen storage pool is disposed to a concrete nuclear buildings and has a two-vessel structure of inner and outer vessels, in which heat insulators are disposed between the inner and the outer vessels. Further, the nitrogen gas supply mechanism is disposed in an evaporation chamber disposed in adjacent with the liquid nitrogen storage pool in the reator building. Accordingly, since liquid nitrogen is stored in the liquid nitrogen storage pool having a structure surrounded by concrete walls, direct sunlight is completely interrupted, thereby enabling to prevent the heat caused by the direct sunlight from conducting to the liquid nitrogen. Further, since the outer vessel is not exposed to the surrounding atmosphere, heat conduction rate relative to the external air is small. This can reduce the amount of liquid nitrogen released to the atmospheric air due to natural evaporation. (I.N.)

Comparison of three energy types : nuclear, hydroelectric and thermoelectric, in Brazil, up to 2050

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mohallem, N.D.S.

1982-12-01

To pursue a semi-quantitative analysis of Brazil's electric energy production-consumption problem from now on until the 2050 year, is done. The main energy sources under consideration will be hidroelectric, thermoelectric (coal) and nuclear. It is assumed that the energy consumption will be within a specified minimum and maximum level of growth rate and for the limiting cases, the supply by hidroelectricity will be considered, and further supply from other sources will also be considered in the case which hidroelectric potential becomes exausted. It is intended that the best energy alternatives will be devised from today's reality, such as the almost exausted hidroelectric potential in the southwest region and the building of a growing nuclear program. The analysis will be oriented in the viewpoint of the cost-benefit in the economic, social and ecological areas. (Author) [pt

Comparison of DNBR estimation methods in the Westinghouse and KWU reactor cores

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Camargo, C.T.M.; Pontedeiro, A.C.

1984-11-01

A method for foreseeing departure from nucleate boiling phenomenon in Westinghouse reator cores (OTΔT- signal for reator shut down) is described. The results from investigations done with the OTΔT system and in the efficiency of different methods used in the Westinghouse and KWU nuclear power plants to estimate thermohydraulic conditions of the PWR reactor cores, are presented. The investigations were done, by support of computer codes. The modifications, purposed by Westinghouse, in the original project of Angra-1 OTΔT system are analysed. (M.C.K.) [pt

The Guadalajara Accord between Brazil and Argentina: a tentative step toward the nuclear weapons-free Latin America envisioned by the Treaty of Tlatelolco

OpenAIRE

Martin, Francis Xavier

1991-01-01

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited In 1967, the treaty of Tlatelolco declared Latin America to be a nuclear weapons-free zone, but this goal remains unfulfilled. Argentina and Brazil, the :Latin American nations most capable of building nuclear weapons, refuse to comply with the treaty. Argentine and Brazilian military leaders pursued the development of nuclear weapons fro the 1970's to the late 1980's. The emergence of democratic regimes from the 1980's encouraged t...

Sustainability indicators for innovation and research institutes of nuclear area in Brazil; Indicadores de sustentabilidade para institutos de pesquisa e inovacao da area nuclear

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Alves, S.F.; Barreto, A.A.; Rodrigues, P.C.H.; Feliciano, V.M.D., E-mail: sfa@cdtn.br, E-mail: aab@cdtn.br, E-mail: pchr@cdtn.br, E-mail: vmfj@cdtn.br [Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear (CDTN/CNEN-MG), Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil)

2016-11-01

Indicators are relevant tools for measuring sustainability process. In this study, the relevance of sustainability indicators appropriate for research and innovation institutes in Brazil is discussed. As reference for case study, nuclear research and innovation institutes were chosen. Sixty-nine sustainability indicators were considered. Some of these indicators were obtained from lists in the literature review, distributed between the dimensions environmental, economic, social, cultural and institutional. The other indicators were developed through discussions between professionals from nuclear, environmental, economic, social and cultural areas. Among the investigated indicators, 32 were selected as being the most relevant. Discrepancies were found during the analysis the opinions of the experts in relation to sustainability dimensions proposed. (author)

German-Brazilian nuclear deal

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Krugmann, H.

1981-01-01

Examination of the arguments in favor of the nuclear deal with West Germany and the resulting program suggests that revisions of both are in order to make them more compatible with Brazil's national interests. The deficiencies of current policy appear to be too weighty and numerous to be ignored. Sooner or later the government will have to move toward adjusting its nuclear agreement with West Germany, if not for the reasons discussed here then for lack of capital. Current estimates of the nuclear package lie in the range of $25 to $30 billion, compared to an initial projection of about $5 billion. The deal has become so expensive that it would draw capital from the hydropower and alcohol programs essential for the short and medium-term energy needs of the country. Mr. Krugman feels the Brazilian government should hold off on further nuclear contracts. And it should thoroughly reassess what Brazil's nuclear energy and technology requirements are and how to meet them. There are indications that the reassessment process is already underway. As long as the German nuclear industry depends on the sale of technology to Brazil, the Brazilian government will have considerable bargaining power to enforce further changes in the deal. If this power is used wisely, the result could be cooperation between the two countries toward nuclear options that are consistent with Brazil's energy and development needs

Radiometric analysis performed by the Environment Monitoring Service from IPEN (Institute of Energy and Nuclear Research), Brazil, between 1988 and 1991

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Venturini, L.; Nisti, M.B.; Pecequilo, B.R.S.

1993-03-01

This report presents the radiometric analyses made by the Environmental Monitoring Service from the Institute of Energy and Nuclear Research (IPEN), Brazil, in the period 1988-1991. The experimental procedures, the products analysed and their respective quantities are described. (F.E.). 11 refs, 3 tabs

Mutual cooperation with Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Orstein, Roberto M.

1998-01-01

The history of the nuclear cooperation between Brazil and Argentina is outlined in the framework of the changing political circumstances. Reference is made to the agreements between both countries and to its implementation

Nuclear future: thinking for building. Proceedings of the 5. Brazilian national meeting on nuclear applications; 8. General congress on nuclear energy; 12. Brazilian national meeting on reactor physics and thermal hydraulics; Futuro nuclear: refletindo para construir. Anais do 5. Encontro nacional de aplicacoes nucleares; 8. Congresso geral de energia nuclear; 12. Encontro nacional de fisica de reatores e termo-hidraulica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-07-01

The VII General Congress on Nuclear Energy (VII CGEN) decided on another approach, in order to promote nuclear energy (NE) for the average public. Instead of promoting an event for the nuclear area, the VII CGEN was open to the general public, aiming at high schools of the city of Belo Horizonte, where the meeting was held. The papers submitted were classified to two poster sessions, one called journalistic, open to the public, and technical, for the congressmen. The authors of the former session were asked to make their posters understandable for an average person. The present article shows the strategies used in dealing with local high schools, which includes the preparation of two series of posters, one dealing with the history of NE until 1945, and the other with applications of NE, due to the lack of this kind of material in Portuguese. The results of these efforts are shown and discussed, in terms of a better public image for NE and her community in Brazil. The public response showed that there is more than enough public for this kind of event, but not events enough. (author)

The Brazil agreement - quo vadis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hossner, R.

1981-01-01

After an analysis of the power requirements of Brazil as well as of the options for covering these requirements an important nuclear power program for peaceful uses was decided. It is performed on the basis of a bilateral agreement between Brazil and the Federal Republic of Germany of 1975 by co-operation between the German and the Brazilian industry. German firms make their know-how available as well as experts for a limited period of time, in order to establish during about 20 years an independent Brazilian infrastructure for nuclear power plants and their requirements, and to realize the transfer of technology which at the same time shall transmit impulses to the industrial development of the country. (orig.) [de

Otimização do processo de nitrificação com o uso de conchas de ostras como material suporte em reatores aeróbios com biomassa fixa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Elisa Magri

2013-06-01

Full Text Available A preservação dos mananciais de água traz como ponto de atuação primordial o tratamento dos esgotos sanitários a nível terciário. A partir daí destaca-se a necessidade de otimizar os sistemas de remoção de nutrientes, buscando-se processos mais estáveis, economicamente viáveis e ambientalmente sustentáveis. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar conchas de ostras como material de preenchimento em um biofiltro aerado submerso, assumindo-se a hipótese de que as mesmas podem interagir com a fase líquida do reator, fornecendo alcalinidade necessária à estabilidade do processo de nitrificação autotrófica. Uma série de condições operacionais foi avaliada visando à nitrificação; portanto, foi possível concluir que, no biofiltro aerado submerso com conchas de ostras, podem ser aplicadas taxas hidráulicas >5,2 m³.m-2.d-1 e tempo de detenção hidráulico <7,5 horas, desde que a relação carbono: nitrogênio seja mantida abaixo de quatro. As conchas de ostras mantiveram o sistema tamponado (pH=7,5±0,3, mesmo com uma intensa atividade nitrificante no reator (100%.

AVALIAÇÃO DE UM REATOR BIOLÓGIGO ROTATIVO DE CONTATO (RBC) APLICADO AO TRATAMENTO DE EFLUENTE DE UM ABATEDOURO DE SUÍNOS E AVES.

OpenAIRE

Bervey Schwerz

2012-01-01

Com a expansão da sociedade industrial, se iniciou uma geração de resíduos de forma intensa, surgindo uma questão latente, referente a destinar-se corretamente todos os resíduos gerados durante o processo industrial. Mais especificamente, o processamento de carne gera durante suas inúmeras etapas uma enorme vazão de efluentes líquidos. Uma alternativa para o tratamento deste tipo de resíduo são os reatores de biodiscos. Este trabalho tem por objetivo a construção e aplicação...

Production of /sup 77/Br for nuclear medicine using the CV-28 cyclotron of Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear (RJ, Brazil)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bastos, M A.V.; Silva, A.G. da [Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil); Newton, W A [Manchester Univ. (UK)

1984-06-01

The reaction /sup 75/As (..cap alpha..,2n)/sup 77/Br with 28 MeV alpha particles is used to obtain /sup 77/Br with the CV-28 cyclotron of Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). A production method has been developed, using 200 mg of arsenium metal, electroplated on platinum. These targets can withstand 25 ..mu..A beams for several hours, yielding 0.29 mCi/..mu..A h. The /sup 77/Br which is separated by coprecipitation with AgCl, is recovered as NaBr with yields better than 98%. Measures have been taken to obtain a product which is pure, sterile and carrier-free.

Standardization of 123I and 18F for providing traceability of activity meters performed in the Radiopharmaceutical Production Service of the Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear, RJ, Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Andrade, E.A.L.; Delgado, J.U.; Iwahara, A.; Contic, C.C.

2013-01-01

The commercialization and use of radiopharmaceuticals in Brazil are regulated by Sanitary Vigilance National Agency which requiring Good Manufacturing Practices certification for all segments within the Nuclear Medicine. Quality Assurance Programmes should implement the standard requirements to ensure that radiopharmaceuticals have requirements quality to proving its efficiency. Several aspects should be controlled, and one of them is the traceability of the Radionuclides Activity Measurement in radiopharmaceuticals doses. This paper aims to provide traceability to dose calibrators (well type ionization chambers) used for 123 I and 18 F activity measurements in Radiopharmaceuticals Production Service placed in Institute of Nuclear Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. (author)

Levantamento de parâmetros cinéticos medidos em reator anaeróbio de manta de lodo (UASB em escala-piloto tratando efluentes de laticínio = Survey of kinetic parameters measured in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB in pilot-scale treatment of dairy wastewater

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bruno Botelho Saléh

2009-01-01

Full Text Available O objeto desta pesquisa foi à obtenção e avaliação dos parâmetros cinéticos do reator anaeróbio de manta de lodo (UASB-Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket na remoção da carga orgânica poluidora dos despejos da atividade laticinista. O sistema com suas principais unidades foi composto de tratamento preliminar (caixa de areia e flotadores,tanque de contato (TC, reator UASB, filtro anaeróbio (FAB e lodo ativo em batelada (LAB. Os TDH’s (tempos de detenção hidráulicos e a temperatura adotados para o reator UASB foram de 44, 35, 30, 26 e 20h após a fase de estabilização do sistema, com temperatura média de 24,8ºC ± 1,8ºC. O volume do reator era de 394 L. A partir dos dadosDQOT (mg L-1, Sólidos Totais Fixos e Voláteis (mg L-1, Temperatura (°C, Vazão (L dia-1 e Perfil de Lodo no reator (Sólidos Voláteis Totais em mg L-1, monitorados durante todo o período de pesquisa na estação-piloto, em cada um dos tempos de detenção hidráulicos(TDH’s no reator UASB, foi conduzido o estudo para obtenção dos parâmetros cinéticos: coeficiente de crescimento ‘Y’ (mg DQO mg SVT-1 d-1, coeficiente de decaimento ‘Kd’ (d-1, taxa máxima de crescimento ‘μmáx’ (d-1 e concentração de substrato limitante ‘Ks’ (mg DQO L-1. Os parâmetros cinéticos determinados se basearam em estudos de regressão linear para determinação de Y, Kd, μmáx e Ks, respectivamente, dando, assim, respaldo técnico-científicoaos dados físico-químicos levantados durante a operacionalização do sistema.The goal of this research was to obtain and withdraw the kinetic parameters from an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket – UASB in removing the organic load from the waste by-product of a dairy activity. The treatment system was composed of a Sand Interceptor (Grit Chamber, Grease Intercept Chambers, Stirred Contact Tank (CT, a UASB reactor, Anaerobic Filter (AF, and Batch Activated Sludge System (BASS. The HRT (Hydraulic Retention Time and

Partida de um reator anaeróbio horizontal para tratamento de efluentes do processamento dos frutos do cafeeiro Start-up of an anaerobic horizontal-flow reactor for treating wastewater from a coffee fruits processing

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alisson C. Borges

2009-01-01

Full Text Available O presente estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar a partida e a adaptação de um reator anaeróbio horizontal de leito fixo (RAHLF no tratamento de águas residuárias do processamento primário dos frutos do cafeeiro (ARC. O reator foi construído com tubos de PVC de 0,2 m de diâmetro e 3,2 m de comprimento. O sistema foi preenchido com cubos de espuma de poliuretano para imobilização de biomassa ativa. O reator apresentou volume total de 0,1 m³ e volume útil equivalente a 0,04 m³. Em média, houve remoção de 49% da matéria orgânica, com o reator trabalhando sob carga orgânica volumétrica média de 2,66 kg m-3 d-1, medida como DQO. A suplementação de alcalinidade, somada à inoculação prévia de biomassa, proporcionou partida estável do RAHLF, confirmada pelo consumo de ácidos voláteis e adaptação da microbiota ao resíduo. O sistema apresentou resistência às variações de vazão e de carga orgânica observadas, e os teores de fenol e potássio monitorados não causaram inibição da atividade biológica no RAHLF. O maior controle sobre as variações de carga é fator importante na continuidade dos estudos.This study aimed to evaluate the start-up and the adaptation of an anaerobic horizontal-flow immobilized biomass (HAIB reactor in order to treat wastewater from a primary processing of coffee fruits. The reactor was built with PVC tubes of 0.2 m in diameter and 3.2 m in length. The system was filled with cubes of polyurethane foam for immobilization of active biomass. The reactor presented a total capacity of 0.1 m³ and reaction volume equal to 0.04 m³. 49% of organic matter. Removal efficiency was observed, with medium organic volumetric loads equal to 2.66 kg m-3 d-1 (as chemical oxygen demand. The supplementary addition of alkalinity and the previous biomass inoculation provided a stable start-up of the reactor, as confirmed by the reduction of volatile acids and an adaptation of the present microbiology community

Nuclear energy - some aspects; Energia nuclear - alguns aspectos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bandeira, Fausto de Paula Menezes

2005-05-15

This work presents a brief history of research and development concerning to nuclear technology worldwide and in Brazil, also information about radiations and radioactive elements as well; the nuclear technology applications; nuclear reactor types and functioning of thermonuclear power plants; the number of existing nuclear power plants; the nuclear hazards occurred; the national fiscalization of nuclear sector; the Brazilian legislation in effect and the propositions under proceduring at House of Representatives related to the nuclear energy.

Desenvolvimento e operação de reator anaeróbio de manta de lodo (UASB no tratamento dos efluentes da suinocultura em escala laboratorial Development and operation of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB treating liquid effluent from swine manure in laboratory scale

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cláudio Milton Montenegro Campos

2006-02-01

Full Text Available A atividade suinícola vem, desde meados da década de 70, sendo uma das mais poluidoras atividades agroindustriais no Estado de Minas Gerais. Sendo assim, objetivou-se desenvolver um Reator Anaeróbio de Manta de Lodo (UASB-Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket visando tratar os dejetos produzidos com máxima eficiência dentro de um tempo e com custo reduzidos. Para tanto um experimento em escala laboratorial foi projetado e monitorado no Laboratório de Análise de Água do Departamento de Engenharia da Universidade Federal de Lavras (LAADEG, sendo composto por um Tanque de Acidificação e Equalização (TAE, um Reator Anaeróbio de Manta de Lodo e uma Lagoa Aerada Facultativa (LAF, o qual foi alimentado com fluxo contínuo. As análises físico-químicas realizadas foram: DQO, DBO5, Sólidos Totais (Fixos e Voláteis, Temperatura, pH, Nitrogênio, Fósforo, Acidez e Alcalinidade Total. O sistema proporcionou eficiência de remoção média de 93% de DQO, 84% de DBO5 e 85% de Sólidos Totais Voláteis, demonstrando adequada adaptação aos diversos tempos de detenção hidráulica adotados (55, 40, 30, 25, 18 e 15 horas. Os parâmetros adotados na partida do reator UASB foram: COV: 1,11kgDQO.m-3.d-1, COB: 0,019 kgDBO5.kgSVT-1.d-1 e TDH: 55h.The swine production, since 70th , is one of the most pollutant agro-industrial activities in the Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The objective of this research was to develop an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor (UASB, aiming at treating the effluent generated within a maximum efficiency and minimum time and cost. Therefore, a lab-scale reactor was built up and monitored in the laboratory of Engineering Department at the Federal University of Lavras (UFLA. The system consisted of an Acidification and Equalization Tank (AET, an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket reactor (UASB, and an Aerated Facultative Pond (AFP. The system was fed continuously. The physical-chemical analyses carried out were: COD, BOD5, Total

Cyclotron facilities in Brazil: Current status and licensing aspects

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Facure, A.; Carvalho, S.M.; Di Prinzio, R.; Silveira, C.S.; Gasparian, P.B.R.; Franca, W.F.

2017-01-01

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a highly sensitive and accurate nuclear medicine imaging technology but the major problem of this technique is the use of radioisotopes with short half-life, less than two hours. The production and selling of short half-life radioisotopes used to be monopoly of the Brazilian Government. In 2006, a Constitutional Amendment revoked the state monopoly due to the need for the use of short half-life radioisotopes in nuclear medicine centers very far from the government production facilities. The aim of this study is to describe the current status of short half-life radioisotopes production in Brazil and discuss some licensing process. In Brazil, as has been occurring worldwide, the number of nuclear medicine centers is increasing. Currently there are 123 services performing PET scans in Brazil. There are 14 cyclotrons operating in Brazil. The type of licensing process conducted in Brazil does not take into account the population density of each state, with a free competition model being adopted. Because of this there is a lot of equipment concentrated in the Southeast and no cyclotrons operating in the Northern part of the country. One of the biggest obstacles during the licensing process is the designation of qualified personnel as operation workers and radiation safety officers. The number of cyclotron accelerators and PET/CT equipment increased in recent years. However, a number of external factors such as the distance from the nuclear medicine centers, and qualified personnel have proved crucial for the economic viability of this type of facility. (author)

Cyclotron facilities in Brazil: Current status and licensing aspects

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Facure, A.; Carvalho, S.M.; Di Prinzio, R.; Silveira, C.S.; Gasparian, P.B.R.; Franca, W.F., E-mail: facure@cnen.gov.br [Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CNEN), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2017-09-01

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a highly sensitive and accurate nuclear medicine imaging technology but the major problem of this technique is the use of radioisotopes with short half-life, less than two hours. The production and selling of short half-life radioisotopes used to be monopoly of the Brazilian Government. In 2006, a Constitutional Amendment revoked the state monopoly due to the need for the use of short half-life radioisotopes in nuclear medicine centers very far from the government production facilities. The aim of this study is to describe the current status of short half-life radioisotopes production in Brazil and discuss some licensing process. In Brazil, as has been occurring worldwide, the number of nuclear medicine centers is increasing. Currently there are 123 services performing PET scans in Brazil. There are 14 cyclotrons operating in Brazil. The type of licensing process conducted in Brazil does not take into account the population density of each state, with a free competition model being adopted. Because of this there is a lot of equipment concentrated in the Southeast and no cyclotrons operating in the Northern part of the country. One of the biggest obstacles during the licensing process is the designation of qualified personnel as operation workers and radiation safety officers. The number of cyclotron accelerators and PET/CT equipment increased in recent years. However, a number of external factors such as the distance from the nuclear medicine centers, and qualified personnel have proved crucial for the economic viability of this type of facility. (author)

New recommendations from the IAEA for medical exposures: impact on nuclear medicine in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sa, Lidia Vasconcellos de; Kodlulovich, Simone

2013-01-01

An assessment of the current national standards was performed in order to verify compliance with the new recommendations, taking into account the number of available facilities and medical physicists to meet the requirements. It was found that compliance with the requirements of protocol optimization and individualization of doses, as well as the assignment of responsibility shared by all professionals involved were not disclosed. In Brazil, there is no reference levels established as also there is not a government program to obtain them. The functions and responsibilities of the medical physicist in conducting dosimetry individual patient, quality control and acceptance tests of equipment and also the calibration is not defined in the standard. Currently in Brazil there are 31 certified Medical Physicists in Medicine Nuclear power to meet approximately 390 facilities, representing only 8% required. As a member state of the IAEA, the Brazilian rules governed by CNEN is based on BSS-115, must come to terms with the GSR. The concern is now meeting the requirements, especially those relating to patients, since we have established benchmarks and individualized dosimetry. Beyond addition, the number of medical physicists are not enough to show the country's demand. (author)

Influência da imobilização de biomassa e do tamanho da partícula na fluidodinâmica de um reator anaeróbio de leito fluidizado = The influence of immobilized biomass and particle size on the fluid dynamics of an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor

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Flavio Bentes Freire

2008-01-01

Full Text Available O estudo da fluidodinâmica é muito comum em diversas áreas relacionadas com a engenharia química, tais como nos processos de secagem e nos reatores químicos. Entretanto, em reatores biológicos empregados no tratamento de águas residuárias, esses aspectos ainda necessitam de investigações mais aprofundadas. Deste modo, é fundamental avaliar a influência da presença do biofilme no comportamento fluidodinâmico do reator, por meio de importantes parâmetros como, por exemplo, a velocidade de mínima fluidização, a expansão, a porosidade do leito e a velocidade terminal da partícula. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma investigação da fluidodinâmica de um reator anaeróbio de leito fluidizado, tratando uma água residuária sintética preparada a partir da solução utilizada para determinação de DBO, tendo o carvão ativado como meio suportepara a imobilização de biomassa. Especificamente, no trabalho, verificou-se que a biomassa imobilizada aumentou a densidade das partículas e alterou os principais parâmetros fluidodinâmicos avaliados.Fluid dynamic analysis is an important branch of several chemical engineering related areas, such as drying processes and chemical reactors. However, aspects concerning fluid dynamics in wastewater treatment bioreactors still require further investigation, as they highly influence process efficiency. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the influence of biofilm on the reactor fluid dynamicbehavior, through the analysis of a few important parameters, such as minimum fluidization velocity, bed expansion and porosity, and particle terminal velocity. The main objective of the present work was to investigate the fluid dynamics of an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor, having activated carbon particles as support media for biomass immobilization. Reactor performance was tested using synthetic residual water, which was prepared using the solution employed in BOD determination. The results

Nuclear proliferation and the near-nuclear countries

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Marwah, O.; Schulz, A.

1975-01-01

The process of nuclear proliferation and its consequences for the international political system is examined by focusing on the issues in the nuclear-strategic debate that divide first and second order states. Information is included on: the US-USSR arms race; SALT agreement; the Non-Proliferation Treaty; the nuclear aspirations and policies of India, Middle Eastern countries, South Africa, Japan, Brazil, and Argentina; and assessment of the risks related to the nuclear fuel cycle and nuclear weapons

Os deletérios impactos da crise nuclear no Japão

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Paulo Marques

2012-01-01

Full Text Available O artigo aborda o acidente nuclear no Japão em 11 de março de 2011. Em decorrência do terremoto seguido de tsunami, foram danificados três dos seis reatores existentes no complexo Daiichi-Fukushima. Ocorreram explosões, seguidas da liberação de materiais radiativos ao meio ambiente. São mostrados os efeitos danosos nos casos da exposição do homem a radiações. Comenta-se a existência do principal nó górdio da geração nucleoelétrica, que é a produção do indescartável lixo atômico.This work reports the severe nuclear incident occurred in Japan on March 11, 2011, due a earthquake followed by tsunami, where three of six existing reactors in Daiichi-Fukushima were damaged. The explosions with releasing of radioactive materials to environment have been discussed. It has shown the harmful effects of radiations to the exposed human being. Besides, the existence of the main impediment of the nuclear electric generation represented by production of non-disposable atomic waste has been discussed.

Financing of nuclear trade. The brazilian experience

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Andrade Cavalcanti, C. de.

1990-01-01

The importance of financing instruments as means for the promotion of international nuclear trade is analysed. Besides the specific characteristics of nuclear trade is examined. Furthermore the role of governmental authorities and international agencies, mainly the IAEA is discussed. Finally the presence of Brazil in the international financial market and the financing of nuclear trade in Brazil are described [pt

Cost evolution of electric energy in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oliveira, A. de; Contreras, E.C.A.

1981-01-01

An analysis of electric energy costs in Brazil is presented. Hydro, coal and nuclear costs are analysed and the final conclusion seems to indicate that nuclear power plants are not economically interesting untill the Brazilian electric capacity attains 110 GW average power. (Author) [pt

Conflict between constitutional norms: monopoly of nuclear ore and the social function of property in Brazil; Conflito entre normas constitucionais: monopolio do minerio nuclear e a funcao social da propriedade no Brasil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Costa-de-Moura, Jorge

2014-07-01

This monograph broaches about the conflict existing between the social Constitution of 1988, in relation to what is disposed in the Article 5, XXIII and XXIV, entrenchment clause of immediate application that determines the social function of property in Brazil, and articles 21, XXIII, and 177, V, that stipulate the monopoly of ores containing nuclear elements, i.e., those containing the chemical elements uranium, thorium, and plutonium in economically exploitable amounts. Initially, the work deals with legal definitions for nuclear ore, nuclear policy of some countries, the economical concepts of the social function of property and the negative aspects related to the maintenance of the nuclear ore in the state monopole regime in confrontation with the economic and social interest also expressed in the Constitutional Valance of 1988. Finally, it is presented an actualized compilation of nuclear laws related to the Brazilian nuclear policy and a glossary of terms used in the nuclear policy conducted by the Brazilian Nuclear Regulatory Agency (CNEN). (author)

Datafile: Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1990-01-01

There is as yet little to show for the enormous investment made by Brazil over the past 20 years in nuclear power and the fuel cycle. The only nuclear power plant (657MWe PWR) in operation has had a poor performance record and the two reactors (1309MWe PWRs) under construction are more than ten years behind the original schedule. Aspirations of building commercial fuel cycle facilities have proved extremely optimistic. In the latest reorganization of the industry, the construction and operation of nuclear power stations is entrusted to the national utility and the various civilian/military R and D efforts in the fuel cycle are being integrated under civilian supervision. This should lead to greater accountability and efficiency in the future. (author)

Desempenho de um reator Fenton em escala industrial aplicado à remoção de fenóis em uma planta de recuperação de resíduos da indústria de papel e celulose

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Everton Skoronski

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho descreve o desempenho de um reator Fenton em grande escala usado para remoção de fenol em uma planta de valorização dos resíduos da indústria de papel e celulose. O efluente consiste em óleo vegetal e fenol. A estação de tratamento objetiva tratar 4 m3 h-1 e é constituída por um pré-tratamento para remoção de óleo, reator Fenton, Flotador de Ar Dissolvido - FAD e uma lagoa de aeração. Para a avaliação da estação de tratamento foram comparadas análises próprias do efluente com análises feitas em laboratório certificado. A eficiência global de remoção de fenol é maior do que 99,7%. Foi demonstrado que a combinação do processo de oxidação avançada com o biológico constitui-se em um sistema de tratamentos interessante a fim de remover contaminantes recalcitrantes.

Proceedings of the 9. Workshop on Nuclear Physics - Communications of basic nuclear physics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1986-01-01

The abstracts of researches on basic nuclear physics of 9. Workshop on Nuclear Physics in Brazil are presented. Mathematical models and experimental methods for nuclear phenomenon description, such as nuclear excitation and disintegration of several nuclei were discussed. (M.C.K.) [pt

Regional safeguards arrangements: The Argentina-Brazil experience

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Marzo, M.; Gonzales, H.L.; Iskin, M.C.L.; Vicens, H.

1997-01-01

A Common System of Accounting and Control of Nuclear Material (SCCC) was established by Argentina and Brazil in July 1992. It is a full scope safeguard's system in both countries. The Brazilian-Argentine Agency for Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials (ABACC) was created to apply the SCCC. The main elements of the SCCC are presented. The main safeguards' procedures are described. A brief discussion of the inspection methodology and its impact for facility operators is performed. The safeguard's implementation from the operator's point of view is commented, taking as example a fuel fabrication plant in Argentina and a uranium enrichment plant in Brazil. (author)

Initiating a national program in Brazil for the implementation of quality control procedures for radionuclide ''Dose Calibrators and Scintillation Cameras in Nuclear Medicine''. Final report for the period 1987 -1988

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mendes, L.

1988-01-01

In 1984 the Nuclear Energy Commission of Brazil and the IAEA established a research programme on Nuclear Medicine Quality Control. The programme will be carried out using educational, technical and clinical means to ensure the quality control of the dose calibrators and scintillation cameras

Aproveitamento de biogás e lodo excedente de reatores UASB como fonte de energia renovável em estações de tratamento de esgoto

OpenAIRE

André Pereira Rosa

2013-01-01

A pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o aproveitamento dos subprodutos biogás e lodo excedente de reatores UASB como fonte de energia renovável em estações de tratamento de esgoto. O objetivo 1 foi desenvolvido a partir de uma ampla revisão de literatura e visitas a ETEs que promovem a recuperação energética na Europa. No âmbito do objetivo 2, os trabalhos foram desenvolvidos na ETE Laboreaux, Itabira-MG através da caracterização do potencial energético do lodo e do biogás e a proposta de det...

Technical and economical availability of radioisotopes production in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lima, J.O.V.

1981-10-01

The technical and economical availability of radioisotopes production in Brazil by a low power research reactor, are done. The importance of radioisotope utilization and controled radiations, in areas such as medicine, industry and cost evaluation for the production in nuclear reactors. In the cost evaluation of a radioisotope production reactor, the studies developed by the Department of Nuclear Engineering of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - DEN/UFMG were used. The information analysis justify the technical and economical availability and the necessity of the radioisotopes production in Brazil. (E.G.) [pt

Advanced ceramics in Brazil: actual stage and perspectives

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zanotto, E.D.

1986-11-01

The development of advanced ceramics in Brazil, the perspectives of the world and Brazilian markets, the raw materials, the equipments for industry and research, the human resources, and the disposable technology, are presented. The researches on advanced ceramics in Brazil initiated in the sixty decade, with the nuclear fuel development and production projets. (M.C.K.) [pt

Thermal fluid dynamics study of nuclear advanced reactors of high temperature using RELAP5-3D; Estudo termofluidodinâmico de reatores nucleares avançados de alta temperatura utilizando o RELAP5-3D

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Scari, Maria Elizabeth

2017-07-01

Fourth Generation nuclear reactors (GEN-IV) are being designed with special features such as intrinsic safety, reduction of isotopic inventory and use of fuel in proliferation-resistant cycles. Therefore, the investigation and evaluation of operational and safety aspects of the GEN-IV reactors have been the subject of numerous studies by the international community and also in Brazil. In 2008, in Brazil, was created the National Institute of Science and Technology of Innovative Nuclear Reactors, focusing on studies of projects and systems of new generation reactors, which included GEN-IV reactors as well as advanced PWR (Pressurized Water Reactor) concepts. The Department of Nuclear Engineering of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (DEN-UFMG) is a partner of this Institute, having started studies on the GEN-IV reactors in the year 2007. Therefore, in order to add knowledge to these studies, in this work, three projects of advanced reactors were considered to verify the simulation capability of the thermo-hydraulic RELAP5-3D code for these systems, either in stationary operation or in transient situations. The addition of new working fluids such as ammonia, carbon dioxide, helium, hydrogen, various types of liquid salts, among them Flibe, lead, lithium-bismuth, lithium-lead, was a major breakthrough in this version of the code, allowing also the simulation of GEN-IV reactors. The modeling of the respective core of an HTTR (High Temperature Engineering Test Reactor), HTR-10 (High Temperature Test Module Reactor) and LS-VHTR (Liquid-Salt-Cooled Very-High-Temperature Reactor) were developed and verified in steady state comparing the values found through the calculations with reference data from other simulations, when it is possible. The first two reactors use helium gas as coolant and the LS-VHTR uses a mixture of 66% LiF and 34% of BeF{sub 2}, the LiF-BeF{sub 2}, also know as Flibe. All the studied reactors use enriched uranium as fuel, in form of TRISO

A digital method for period measurements in a nuclear reactor; Um metodo digital para medidas de periodo em um reator nuclear

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mundim, Sergio Gorretta

1971-02-15

The present paper begins by giving a theoretical treatment for the nuclear reactor period. The conventional method of measuring the period is analysed and some previously developed digital methods are described. The paper criticises the latter, pointing out some deficiencies which the proposed process is able to eliminate. All errors connected with this process are also analysed. The paper presents suitable solutions to reduce them to a minimum. The total error is found to he less than the error presented by the other methods described. A digital period meter is designed with memory resources and an automatic scaler changer. Integrated circuits specifications are used in it. Real time experiments with nuclear reactors were made in order to check te validity of the method. The data acquired were applied to a simulated digital period meter implemented in a general purpose computer. The nuclear part of the work was developed at the 'Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear' and the simulation work was dane at the 'Departamento de Calculo Cientifico' of COPPE, which also advised the author in the completion of this thesis. (author)

Emerging nuclear suppliers in the Third World

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stahl, K.

1990-01-01

The emergence of new supplier states of nuclear technology within the Third World has raised concern, if those nuclear supplier states will promote an unrestricted and uncontrolled transfer of nuclear technology to developing countries and augment the risk of nuclear weapons proliferation. The article analyses the nuclear export capacities, nuclear exports and the export policy of Argentina, Brazil and India. Argentina is considered as the most important emerging nuclear supplier state in the Third World. Nuclear exports have to be authorisized by the government in all three states and will be covered by IAEA-safeguards in the recipient country. The three states will exercise restraint in the transfer of sensitive nuclear technology. Nuclear exports of Argentina, Brazil and India so far will not augment the danger of nuclear weapons proliferation. (orig./HSCH) [de

Patterns identification in supervisory systems of nuclear reactors installations and gas pipelines systems using self-organizing maps; Identificacao de padroes em sistemas supervisorios de instalacoes de reatores nucleares e em sistemas de gasodutos utilizando mapas auto-organizaveis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Doraskevicius Junior, Waldemar

2005-07-01

Self-Organizing Maps, SOM, of Kohonen were studied, implemented and tested with the aim of developing, for the energy branch, an effective tool especially for transient identification in nuclear reactors and for gas pipelines networks logistic supervision, by classifying operations and identifying transients or abnormalities. The digital system for the test was developed in Java platform, for the portability and scalability, and for belonging to free development platforms. The system, executed in personal computers, showed satisfactory results to aid in decision taking, by classifying IRIS (International Reactor Innovative and Secure) reactor operation conditions (data from simulator) and by classifying Southeast (owner: TRANSPETRO - Brazil) gas pipeline network. Various adaptations were needed for such business, as new topologies for the output layer of artificial neural network and particular preparation for the input data. (author)

Operação de filtros biológicos percoladores pós-reatores UASB sem a etapa de decantação secundária Operation of trickling filters post-UASB reactors without the secondary sedimentation stage

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paulo Gustavo Sertório de Almeida

2011-09-01

Full Text Available A pesquisa teve por objetivo avaliar filtros biológicos percoladores (FBP pós-reatores UASB operando sem a etapa de decantação secundária, em termos da remoção da demanda bioquímica e química de oxigênio (DBO e DQO e sólidos suspensos totais (SST. O aparato experimental consistia em um reator UASB que alimentava quatro FBP em paralelo, preenchidos com diferentes materiais suporte. O reator UASB operou em regime hidráulico permanente, e três condições operacionais foram impostas aos FBP durante o período experimental. Em geral, os sistemas UASB/FBP foram capazes de promover o atendimento aos padrões de lançamento. Em condições de baixas cargas orgânicas volumétricas (COV, o uso de materiais de enchimento de maior área superficial específica não proporcionou ganhos expressivos em termos de desempenho. Contudo, o uso de meio suporte baseado em espumas de poliuretano propiciou melhoria significativa na qualidade do efluente final. O uso de sistemas UASB/FBP sem decantadores secundários parece ser uma promissora alternativa para a simplificação operacional da tecnologia, e uma importante estratégia para o tratamento de efluentes domésticos em países em desenvolvimento. No entanto, o sucesso do emprego desta tecnologia fica condicionado ao correto gerenciamento do lodo anaeróbio do reator UASB, a fim de que sejam evitadas sobrecargas nos FBP.The research aimed at evaluating the operation of trickling filters (TF post-UASB reactors without the secondary sedimentation stage, in terms of biochemical and chemical oxygen demand (BOD and COD and total suspended solids (TSS removal. The experimental apparatus consisted of one UASB reactor followed by four TF in parallel, each one filled with a different packing media. The UASB reactor was operated at a permanent hydraulic regime, while three operational conditions were imposed to the TF during the experimental period. In general, the UASB/TF systems were able to comply with

Duas epidemias de tuberculose em crianças menores de três anos de idade, vacinadas com BCG oral, numa creche do município de São Paulo, Brasil Two epidemics of tuberculosis in children under three years of age vaccinated with oral BCG in a day-nursery in S. Paulo county, Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Roberto Brólio

1974-09-01

Full Text Available São descritas duas epidemias de tuberculose em crianças menores de 3 anos de idade vacinadas com BCG oral, ocorridas numa creche para crianças menores de 5 anos de idade, no município de São Paulo, nos anos de 1967 e 1969. Em 1967 havia no estabelecimento 96 crianças, inicialmente não reatoras ao teste tuberculínico padronizado (PPD, Rt-23, 2 UT. Foram encontrados 19 reatores, sendo 12 reatores fortes (63,2% e 7 reatores fracos (36,8% e imagens radiológicas indicativas de anormalidade pulmonar em 15 crianças ou 78,9% dos reatores. Em 1969 havia no estabelecimento mais 62 crianças não reatoras, que foram acompanhadas separadamente em relação ao grupo de 1967, embora convivessem no mesmo ambiente. Foram encontrados 36 reatores à tuberculina, sendo 29 reatores fortes (80,5% e 7 reatores fracos (19,5% e imagens radiológicas indicativas de anormalidade pulmonar em 11 crianças, ou 30,5% dos reatores. Nesse mesmo ano houve viragem tuberculínica em mais 7 crianças pertencentes ao grupo de não reatores de 1967, sendo 5 reatores fortes e 2 reatores fracos. Nas duas epidemias, as viragens tuberculínicas e as alterações radiológicas pulmonares foram constatadas apenas nas crianças menores de 3 anos de idade, em sua maioria vacinadas previamente com 3 doses de BCG oral, com intervalo de uma semana entre uma dose e outra. A fonte de infecção foi um operário que trabalhou no estabelecimento durante aproximadamente dois meses em 1967 e um mês em 1969, nos locais onde eram mantidas as crianças menores de 3 anos de idade. A vacina administrada por esse método não parece ter influenciado nas conversões tuberculínicas e no desenvolvimento de imunidade específica.Two epidemics of tuberculosis in children under three years of age vaccinated with oral BCG, in the year of 1967 and 1969, in a day-nursery in S. Paulo borough, are here described. In 1967 there were 96 children in the place, at first non-reactors, to the standard

A digital method for period measurements in a nuclear reactor; Um metodo digital para medidas de periodo em um reator nuclear

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mundim, Sergio Gorretta

1971-02-15

The present paper begins by giving a theoretical treatment for the nuclear reactor period. The conventional method of measuring the period is analysed and some previously developed digital methods are described. The paper criticises the latter, pointing out some deficiencies which the proposed process is able to eliminate. All errors connected with this process are also analysed. The paper presents suitable solutions to reduce them to a minimum. The total error is found to he less than the error presented by the other methods described. A digital period meter is designed with memory resources and an automatic scaler changer. Integrated circuits specifications are used in it. Real time experiments with nuclear reactors were made in order to check te validity of the method. The data acquired were applied to a simulated digital period meter implemented in a general purpose computer. The nuclear part of the work was developed at the 'Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear' and the simulation work was dane at the 'Departamento de Calculo Cientifico' of COPPE, which also advised the author in the completion of this thesis. (author)

Application of photoelasticity to study stress in component of the fuel element of nuclear reator

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Diniz, S.M.C.

1987-11-01

The fuel assembly, in the core of the nuclear reactor, is submitted to a system of forces (weight, buoyancy and hydraulic lift-up) with a resultant oriented in the direction of the coolant flow. To assure the assembly stability, under all operation conditions of the nuclear reactor, a holding-down device composed of four leaf springs is used. The safe/operation of the reactor depends on the capacity of such springs to support the maximum loads applied on them. The strictly mathematical methods for stress analysis of these springs are very complex, due to several factors such as: tri-dimensional geometry, changing loading, plastic strains and stress concentration. The stress analysis of these springs was performed using the photoelastic method. This technique has been proved to be adequate to the leaf spring analysis. In order to permit the evaluation of the potentialities of the employed method the Photoelasticity is decribed in its multiples purposes; that is, two-dimensional problems, stress frozen technique and reflection photoelasticity. The results obtained certify the role of the Photoelasticity, as a powerfull tool to the stress analyst and to the nuclear industry as well. (author) [pt

Tratamento de efluentes têxteis usando reator de leito fluidizado trifásico aeróbio com pré ou pós-ozonização /

OpenAIRE

Alves, Kelli Cristina Grando

2000-01-01

Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. No presente trabalho foram desenvolvidos estudos combinando processo biológico com pré ou pós-ozonização de efluentes têxteis, para avaliar a eficiência de remoção de DQO e COD, bem como a cor do efluente. Consistiu-se basicamente de duas etapas. Na primeira, foram realizados estudos com efluente têxtil sintético em reator aeróbio de leito fluidizado trifásico para remoção da matéria orgânica, seguido da o...

Radiochemistry teaching and research activities in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vasconcellos, M.B.A.; Saiki, M.

2006-01-01

Much concern has been expressed lately about the decline of teaching and research activities in radiochemistry in many countries, as was discussed in an IAEA Technical Meeting in Antalya, Turkey, in 2002, and also at MTAA-11 in Guildford, UK. In the IAEA meeting, a survey was presented about the current situation in different regions of the world (Eastern Europe, East and West Asia, Africa, North America and Latin America) by experts of each region. In the case of Brazil, which has nuclear research reactors and also cyclotrons in operation, the teaching and research activities in radiochemistry are concentrated in the three main institutes of the Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission, in the University of Sao Paulo and in other universities, in different regions of the country. In the present paper, a closer look is given to the radiochemistry teaching and research activities that are being conducted nowadays in Brazil, comprising: number of radiochemistry courses and students being formed, main research areas being conducted, as well as research and production of radioisotopes for nuclear medicine, using nuclear reactors and cyclotrons. (author)

Bilateral cooperation between Germany and Brazil on fuel irradiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dias, J.W.

1977-01-01

Within the framework of the Government Agreement on Scientific and Technical Cooperation between the Federal Republic of Germany and Brazil, the Brazilian National Atomic Commission and the Juelich Nuclear Research Center (KFA) signed on 23rd April, 1971 an Agreement on Cooperation in the field of Nuclear Research and Reactor Technology. Projects have been elaborated in fields of mutual interest to share activities between the partner institutes in both countries. A typical project is the fuel irradiation programme jointly prepared by NUCLEBRAS and KFA-Juelich. Brazil is planning to use elements of its own production in nuclear power plants to be erected within the German-Brazilian Industrial Agreement. As no material test reactor is available in Brazil it is expedient to irradiate samples of Brazilian production in Germany. Brazilian collaborators will participate in the preparation, execution and post-irradiation examination. In this way an optimum transfer of all information and results is assured. In the first phase, sample rods manufactured in Brazil are irradiated in the FRJ-2 test reactor in Juelich. These rods are assembled under clean conditions in the NUCLEBRAS research centres. The first Brazilian test rods showed excellent in-pile behaviour even under very high fuel rod capacity. In the second phase, fuel rods of original length manufactured and assembled in Brazil will be irradiated in German power plants, and, at the same time, additional irradiations of small samples will be carried out in test reactors. In the third phase, rod clusters and complete fuel elements will be manufactured in Brazil and irradiated in German power plants until target burn-up. All the necessary prerequisites have been fulfilled to meet the above requirements, i.e. mutual interest, good infrastructure maintained by both partners, qualified personnel and last but not least unbureaucratic and effective help by the coordinating offices of NUCLEBRAS and KFA

Tratamento anaeróbio de pentaclorofenol em reator de leito fluidificado alimentado com água residuária sintética contendo glicose como fonte única de carbono Anaerobic treatment of pentachlorophenol in a fluidized bed reactor fed with synthetic wastewater containing glucose as a single carbon source

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Flavio Bentes Freire

2008-09-01

Full Text Available Neste trabalho foi utilizado um reator anaeróbio de leito fluidificado (RALF, tratando água residuária sintética contendo pentaclorofenol (PCP, submetido a condições operacionais menos idealizadas. Utilizou-se um reator com volume de 16 litros, com partículas de carvão ativado granular como meio suporte. O desempenho do reator foi verificado pelas análises usuais de monitoramento (pH, alcalinidade, DQO, ácidos voláteis e também por análises de microscopia e concentração de PCP. A presença de PCP no sistema, nas concentrações utilizadas, não alterou de maneira significativa a qualidade da biomassa presente, e nem os parâmetros de monitoramento. Em concentrações afluentes de PCP variando de 1 a 6 mg/L, foram observadas eficiências médias de remoção de 92% e 70%, respectivamente.In the present work, an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR was used for the treatment of a synthetic wastewater containing pentachlorophenol (PCP subjected to less idealized operating conditions. The reactor was a 16 litres tank with granular activated carbon particles as support media. Evaluation of AFBR performance was done by the analysis of usual monitoring parameters (pH, alkalinity, COD, volatile acids together with microscopy and PCP concentration analysis. The presence of PCP under the concentrations used did not significantly alter the amount of biomass and the performance monitoring parameters. Removal average efficiencies of the order of 92% and 70% were obtained for PCP inflow concentrations in the range of 1 to 6mg/l.

Procedures, activities and doses in nuclear medicine cycle in Brazil; Procedimentos, atividades e doses no ciclo da medicina nuclear no Brasil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oliveira, Silvia Maria Velasques de

2005-07-01

With the aim of characterizing nuclear medicine procedures performed in Brazil, activities of radiopharmaceuticals used and effective doses to patients, data was collected from nuclear medicine institutions in three regions of the country, namely the Southeast, the Northeast and the South regions, representing public hospitals, university hospitals, private and philanthropic institutions with low, medium and high levels of consumption of radiopharmaceuticals. The three chosen regions are responsible for 92% of radiopharmaceutical consumption and imaging equipment in the country. Accordingly, it was requested of some participating institutions to fulfill manually from individual patients data, to record gender, age, weight, height and activities used, for each type of exam as well as the equipment used. In others, the researcher collected data personally. Per institution, nuclear medicine diagnostic procedures ranged from 700 to 13,000 per year, most of which are myocardial and bone imaging procedures, and imaging equipment ranged, from 1 to 8 machines, one or two head SPECT's (hybrid or not). 26.782 patients protocols were analysed, 24.371 adults and 2.411 children and teenagers. For adult patients, differences were observed in the amount of activities used in diagnostic procedures between public and private institutions, with lower average activities used in public institutions. Activities administered to children and their effective doses were difficult to evaluate due to the incompleteness of individual records. Appropriate individual patient records could be adopted without affecting hospitals routine and contributing for a comprehensive evaluation of the radiation protection of nuclear medicine patients. Data from 8.881 workers were analysed, 346 working at nuclear medicine institutions. For monitored workers and measurably exposed workers in nuclear medicine, the values 2.3 mSv and 5.4 mSv, respectively, for effective annual doses are greater than data

Avaliação do desempenho de sistemas alagados construídos de escoamento horizontal subsuperficial tratando efluente de reator UASB, com base em quatro anos de monitoramento

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Jocilene Ferreira Costa

Full Text Available RESUMO Um sistema composto por um reator anaeróbio tipo upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB, seguido de um sistema de alagados construídos (SAC de escoamento horizontal subsuperficial compreendendo duas unidades em paralelo (50 habitantes cada, foi avaliado para o tratamento de águas residuárias geradas na cidade de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Uma unidade foi plantada com Typha latifolia e a outra não foi vegetada. Amostras semanais do efluente do reator UASB e do efluente das unidades do SAC foram avaliadas por um período de quatro anos de operação do sistema. Nas taxas de aplicação praticadas (média de 0,11 m3.m-2.d-1, o efluente final apresentou excelente qualidade em termos de matéria orgânica e sólidos suspensos, mas baixa capacidade de remoção de nitrogênio. Os valores médios de concentração no efluente das unidades plantadas e não plantadas foram, respectivamente, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio: 25 e 23 mg.L-1; demanda química de oxigênio: 50 e 55 mg.L-1; sólidos suspensos totais: 10 e 8 mg.L-1; nitrogênio Kjeldahl total: 30 e 31 mg.L-1; e nitrogênio amoniacal: 27 e 28 mg.L-1. Não se observou diferença significativa entre as concentrações efluentes das unidades plantada e não plantada para a maioria dos constituintes investigados.

Determination of the presence of molybdenum-99 in the technetium-99m solutions used at the nuclear medicine services of Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sena, Thiago G. de; Souza, Fernanda R. de L.; Lopes Filho, Ferdinand de J.; Vieira, Jose W.; Lima, Fernando R. de A.

2009-01-01

The main objective of this work is to calculate the percentage of 99 Mo in the eluates of the 99 mTc used at the nuclear medicine services localized at the Recife city, Pernambuco, Brazil. At the present moment three nuclear medicine services were evaluated verifying the 99 Mo in the eluates of 99 mTc, and in two services, the contamination were superior to the limits stipulated by the international organism adopted as reference in this work. The work follows in other nuclear medicine institutions evaluating and orienting the professionals on these quality control not only for the optimization of the patient dose, but also for the improvement of the image to be used for the diagnostic

Argentine-Brazilian declaration on common nuclear policy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1990-12-01

The document reproduces the text of the Argentine-Brazilian Declaration on Common Nuclear Policy, signed by the Presidents of Argentina and Brazil at Foz do Ignacu, Brazil, on 28 November 1990. At the invitation of the Governments of Argentina and Brazil, the Agency's Director General attended the signing ceremony

Socio-environmental impacts of Angra dos Reis nuclear power plant

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rosa, L.P.; Hesles, J.B.S.

1984-01-01

Technological aspects and the social problematic inherent to implementation of nuclear power plants in Brazil are studied. it is showed the study in two levels: one of them, attacks aspects linked to nuclear energy and their risks in Brazil; the other one, treats of impacts of the Angra dos Reis nuclear power plants on the local comunity. (M.C.K.) [pt

Nuclear energy - some aspects

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bandeira, Fausto de Paula Menezes

2005-05-01

This work presents a brief history of research and development concerning to nuclear technology worldwide and in Brazil, also information about radiations and radioactive elements as well; the nuclear technology applications; nuclear reactor types and functioning of thermonuclear power plants; the number of existing nuclear power plants; the nuclear hazards occurred; the national fiscalization of nuclear sector; the Brazilian legislation in effect and the propositions under proceduring at House of Representatives related to the nuclear energy

Nuclear law and radiological accidents

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Frois, F.

1998-01-01

Nuclear activities in Brazil, and particularly the radiological accident of Goiania, are examined in the light of the environmental and nuclear laws of Brazil and the issue of responsibility. The absence of legislation covering radioactive wastes as well as the restrictions on Brazilian States to issue regulations covering nuclear activities are reviewed. The radiological accident and its consequences, including the protection and compensation of the victims, the responsibility of the shareholders of the Instituto Goiano de Radioterapia, operator of the radioactive source, the provisional storage and the final disposal at Abadia de Goias of the radioactive waste generated by the accident are reviewed. Finally, nuclear responsibility, the inapplicability of the Law 6453/77 which deals with nuclear damages, and the state liability regime are analysed in accordance with the principles of the Brazilian Federal Constitution. (author)

Replacing nuclear staff: The proactively work at IPEN/CNEN-SP

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pupak, M.O.; Rogero, J.R.

2004-01-01

The purpose of this paper was to bring the actual situation of Nuclear Education and Training in Brazil. Accordingly, this paper overviewed the situation of the educational matter on Latin America, especially in Brazil, in terms of efficiency and effectiveness of its superior education system. Mainly this paper pointed out for the replacing of nuclear staff and the proactive work of the Energy and Nuclear Research Institute (IPEN) of the Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission (CNEN). (author)

UTILIZAÇÃO DA BUCHA VEGETAL DE CURCUBITÁCEA COMO MATERIAL SUPORTE EM REATOR ANAERÓBIO DE LEITO FIXO / USE OF CUCURBITACEOUS BUSH AS SUPPORT MATERIAL IN ANAEROBIC FIXED BED REACTOR

OpenAIRE

T. B. Magassy; J. V. C. Fagundes; A. S. Araújo; A. P. de Oliveira Netto

2017-01-01

Este projeto avaliou o desempenho de um sistema para tratamento de esgoto sanitário operando de modo contínuo e sem recirculação da fase líquida. O trabalho se diferencia por utilizar a bucha vegetal de curcubitácea como material suporte do reator, pouco estudada para essa finalidade de tratamento biológico de efluentes. Esse material se caracteriza por ser leve, barato e facilmente encontrado na região do alto sertão alagoano, além de ser integralmente natural e com características favorávei...

Organization of the individual monitoring in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cunha, P.

1991-01-01

There are about 35,000 workers monitored in Brazil. Most of them are employed onhealth and non-nuclear industrial areas. The external individual monitoring is done by 10 laboratories accredited by the Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission, CNEN, applying specific regulation. The personal date and doses of the monitored workers are stored in a data bank. In this paper, future improvements are also discussed. (orig.)

Communications received from Argentina and Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1989-01-01

The document reproduces the Joint Statement on Nuclear Policy signed by the President of Argentina and the President of Brazil on 29 November 1988 at Ezeiza, Argentina, concerning the decision of the two countries to undertake a joint fast breeder reactor project

Nuclear laws and radiologic accidents; Direito nuclear e os acidentes radiologicos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Frois, Fernanda [Pontificia Univ. Catolica de Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

1997-12-31

Some aspects of the nuclear activities in Brazil, specially concerning the Goiania s accident are demonstrated using concepts from environmental and nuclear law. Nuclear and environmental competence, the impossibility of the states of making regional laws, as the lack of regulation about the nuclear waste, are discussed. The situation of Goiania when the accident happened, the present situation of the victims and the nuclear waste provisionally stored in Abadia de Goias is reported 7 refs.; e-mail: froes at sti.com.br

Proceedings of the 9. Workshop on Nuclear Physics - Communications of applied nuclear physics and instrumentation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1986-01-01

The communications of applied nuclear physics and intrumentation of 9. Workshop on Nuclear Physics in Brazil are presented. Several intruments for radiation measurements, such as detectors, dosemeters and spectrometers were developed. Techniques of environmental monitoring and instrument monitoring for nuclear medicine are evaluated. (M.C.K.) [pt

The atomic deal with Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mirow, K.R.

1980-01-01

The author deals with the German-Brazilian nuclear treaty using sources which are meanwhile official. A roaring trade - made in 1975 - had become a public nuisance in 1979. Grand plans of German and Brazilian politicians had changed into economic crisis, unemployment and uncompleted, dilapidating buildings. While even the new government adhered to the treaty, Brazilia had begun a national instigation campaign. This was, however, superseded by Brazil's high indebtedness, an economic crisis and social unrest so that it was impossible to realize the nuclear treaty. (HSCH) [de

Consolidated progress report for 1975 on nuclear data activities in the NDS service area: Argentina, Bangladesh, Brazil, Bulgaria, Hungary, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, South Africa, Yugoslavia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1976-01-01

A consolidated progress report for 1975 on nuclear data activities in the NDS service area is presented for the following countries: Argentina, Bangladesh, Brazil, Bulgaria, Hungary, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, South Africa, Yugoslavia

Comparativo Do Potencial De Produção De Metano Utilizando Glicerol E Sacarose Como Substrato Orgânico, Em Reatores Operados De Forma Descontínua Alimentada

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Indianara Cataneo

2016-10-01

Full Text Available A crise energética que vem preocupando, não só o Brasil, mas todo o mundo, traz a necessidade da busca por fontes energéticas alternativas, ou seja, energias que causem menos impacto ao meio ambiente. Outro problema enfrentado atualmente é a geração de resíduos e efluentes, que demandam tratamentos e controles adequados. A utilização de biogás como fonte renovável de energia vem se mostrando atrativa, considerando a utilização de resíduos e efluentes como substrato orgânico, com produção energética através de processos de digestão anaeróbia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar o potencial de geração de biogás e metano gerado pelo glicerol, subproduto oriundo de indústrias de fabricação de biodiesel, e sacarose, caracterizada por possuir fácil degradabilidade. Foram testados sistemas de digestão anaeróbia de operação descontínua alimentada em reatores de bancada (19,2L de volume útil. Três situações foram avaliadas, 3, 6 e 9% de matéria orgânica em relação ao volume útil dos reatores. O tempo de detenção hidráulica foi de 15 dias para cada situação proposta. Finalizado os experimentos, verificou-se que o glicerol possui maior potencial para a geração de biogás e metano em relação à sacarose, nas concentrações de alimentação utilizadas.

Ergonomics in the licensing and evaluation of nuclear reactors control room; A ergonomia no licenciamento e na avaliacao de salas de controle de reatores nucleares

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Santos, Isaac Jose Antonio Luquetti dos [Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear (IEN), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Vidal, Mario Cesar Rodriguez [Universidade Federal, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Coordenacao dos Programas de Pos-graduacao de Engenharia. Programa de Engenharia de Producao

2002-07-01

A nuclear control room is a complex system that controls a thermodynamic process used to produce electrical energy. The operators interact with the control room through interfaces that have significant implications to nuclear plant safety and influence the operator activity. The TMI (Three Mile Island) accident demonstrated that only the anthropometric aspects were not enough for an adequate nuclear control room design. The studies showed that the accident was aggravated because the designers had not considered adequately human factor aspects. After TMI accident, the designers introduce in the nuclear control room development only human factors standards and human factors guidelines. The ergonomics approaches was not considered. Our objective is introduce in nuclear control room design and nuclear control room evaluation, a methodology that. includes human factors standards, human factors guidelines and ergonomic approaches, the operator activity analysis. (author)

Nuclear energy - the century's principles of law and good conduct in international nuclear trade

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Coimbra, G.L.

1992-01-01

This paper considers the object and nature of the models of nuclear co-operation between Brazil and developed countries, with regard to the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. As an observer, the author analyses some of the juridicial and ethical aspects of the Brazilian Nuclear Programme. She examines some of the realities to be faced, and points out how important it is to anticipate and take necessary steps in order that difficulties, which are easily identifiable, may be reversed in the near future. The author also calls into question the means for reversal of the current situation, so as to satisfy the parties concerned: Brazil and her potential partners. Finally, the paper aims at complying with the conclusions reached by Working Group number 3 of the International Law Association on ''The Principles of Good Conduct in the International Nuclear Trade''. (author)

Nuclear Proliferation: A Historical Overview

Science.gov (United States)

2008-03-01

Soviet Union in 1991, Kazakhstan inherited approximately 1,410 nuclear warheads and the Semipalatinsk nuclear weapons test site . This placed Kazakhstan...Soviet Union, Kazakhstan inherited approximately 1,410 nuclear warheads and the Semipalatinsk nuclear weapons test site . See Mark D. Skootsky, “An...construction of a nuclear test site . This development moved Brazil into the Modest Weapons Potential category. In 1979 the Pilot Uranium Enrichment Plant

Nuclear material measurement system in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Almeida, S.G. de.

1988-01-01

The description of the activities developed at the Safeguards Laboratory of Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission is done. The methods and techniques used for measuring and evaluating nuclear materials and facilities are presented. (E.G.) [pt

Nuclear trade between developing countries

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stahl, K.

1990-01-01

The analysis of nuclear south-south cooperation is based on the evaluation of official documents (the texts of laws, of contracts for nuclear cooperation treaties, safeguard treaties, official government policy speeches etc.). These data were supplemented by numerous interviews with representatives of atomic energy authorities, foreign ministries, nuclear industries, members of parliament, representatives of the nuclear energy opposition movement and military representatives in the three states and by interviews with representatives of the IAEO and OPANAL in Mexico. The study deals with each country in turn: Chapter 2 gives an overview of the Indian nuclear energy programme and India's nuclear export activity and export policy. Chapter 3 analyzes Brazil's nuclear energy policy and Brazilian export capacities, exports and export policy in the nuclear sector. Chapter 4 looks at the development of the Argentinian nuclear energy programme and the crisis in it, at Argentina's nuclear export activities and its export policy and technology transfer policy in this field. Chapter 5 analyzes separately relations between Argentina and Brazil on nuclear cooperation, since they differ considerably from the two countries' relations with other Third World countries on this topic. The appendix documents the most important contractual agreements and government policy declarations on nuclear cooperation between the two states. (orig.) [de

Potential radiological impact assessment related to the visit of nuclear submarines to the port of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pereira, Jose Francisco; Rochedo, Elaine R.R.

2005-01-01

Brazil is signatory of international protocols for receiving the visit of nuclear ships and submarines. Such naval units, during their stays in Brazilian ports, inform that there is no release of radioactive material to the environment. However, there is always the possibility of an accident, leading to environmental release of radioactive material. This work had the objective of assessing the potential radiological environmental impact due to the eventual occurrence of an accident during the permanence of ships and submarines of nuclear propulsion in the port of the city of Rio de Janeiro, in Guanabara Bay. The accident scenarios considered include releases to the marine environment and to the atmosphere. Previous results indicated that, in normal operation conditions, no significant radiological impact is foreseen due to the visits of nuclear submarines to the city, even if small routine radionuclide releases occur. The analysis of the accidental releases, however, indicates that the anchorage points should be located at a minimum distance of 2,5 km of inhabited areas in the contour the Bay. (author)

Critical evaluation of the external occupational exposure in nuclear medicine services in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kubo, Ana Luiza Silva Lima

2016-01-01

Currently in Brazil (2016), there are 421 Nuclear Medicine Services (NMS). In nuclear medicine, the possibility of occupational internal contamination and external exposure is unavoidable. The chest individual monitoring, to estimate the effective dose, is mandatory, but the extremity monitoring is not always made. The aim of this study was to conduct a survey of data for external exposure of NMS professionals in Brazil from 1987 to 2010, analysing them in terms of trends and comparing them with measurements carried out in this work and in other countries. Although most of the NMS is still located in large urban centres (54% in the Southeast region), there is no state without any NMS. The increasing number of NMS has generated the need for more professionals. In the year 1987, they were 755 workers and, in 2010, 4134, with the following distribution of specialties: 29% of Nuclear Medicine Technicians (NMT), 23% of Nursing professionals, 29% of Physicians and 3% of Physicists. The average annual effective dose reached more than 3.0 mSv in some regions of the country, from 1987 to 2010, but tends to 1.0 mSv in 2010. The highest doses, as expected, are received by NMT and Nursing. The professionals who handle radiopharmaceuticals have their hands much more exposed than the chest. During 2010, only 31% of NMT and 16% of Nursing used extremity dosimeters as compared to chest dosimeters. The data from the measurements indicate that not all individual dosimeters are used properly. Generally, both in the measurements as in national registries, the hand doses were higher for professionals who prepared the radiopharmaceutical (NMT) than those who injected (Nursing). The value measured by chest dosimeters can be used to estimate the equivalent dose to the eye lenses, except for NMT at preparation practices at conventional NMS, where the equivalent dose of the lens is about 2 times higher than the dose at the chest. The most exposed areas of the hands are the tips of the index

Argentine-Brazilian declaration on common nuclear policy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1990-12-01

The document reproduces the texts of the speeches made by the Presidents of Argentina and Brazil at Foz do Iguacu, Brazil, on 28 November 1990, at the signing of the Argentine-Brazilian Declaration on Common Nuclear Policy

Fabrication procedures for manufacturing high uranium concentration dispersion fuel elements

OpenAIRE

SOUZA, JOSE A.B. de

2014-01-01

O IPEN-CNEN/SP desenvolveu e disponibilizou para produção rotineira a tecnologia de fabricação de elementos combustíveis tipo dispersão, para uso em reatores nucleares de pesquisas. O combustível fabricado no IPEN-CNEN/SP está limitado à concentração de urânio de 3,0gU/cm3, para dispersões a base de U3Si2-Al, e de 2,3gU/cm3, para dispersões a base de U3O8-Al. O aumento da concentração de urânio nas placas combustíveis possibilita aumentar a reatividade do núcleo do reator e a vida útil do com...

The Brazilian Nuclear Energy Program

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Carvalho, H.G. de

1980-01-01

A survey is initially of the international-and national situation regarding energetic resources. The Brazilian Nuclear Energy Policy and the Brazilian Nuclear Program are dealt with, as well as the Nuclear Cooperation agreement signed with the Federal Republic of Germany. The situation of Brazil regarding Uranium and the main activities of the Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission are also discussed [pt

Evolutionary history of Phakopsora pachyrhizi (the Asian soybean rust in Brazil based on nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maíra C. M. Freire

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Phakopsora pachyrhizi has dispersed globally and brought severe economic losses to soybean growers. The fungus has been established in Brazil since 2002 and is found nationwide. To gather information on the temporal and spatial patterns of genetic variation in P. pachyrhizi , we sequenced the nuclear internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS1 and ITS2. Total genomic DNA was extracted using either lyophilized urediniospores or lesions removed from infected leaves sampled from 26 soybean fields in Brazil and one field in South Africa. Cloning prior to sequencing was necessary because direct sequencing of PCR amplicons gave partially unreadable electrophoretograms with peak displacements suggestive of multiple sequences with length polymorphism. Sequences were determined from four clones per field. ITS sequences from African or Asian isolates available from the GenBank were included in the analyses. Independent sequence alignments of the ITS1 and ITS2 datasets identified 27 and 19 ribotypes, respectively. Molecular phylogeographic analyses revealed that ribotypes of widespread distribution in Brazil displayed characteristics of ancestrality and were shared with Africa and Asia, while ribotypes of rare occurrence in Brazil were indigenous. The results suggest P. pachyrhizi found in Brazil as originating from multiple, independent long-distance dispersal events.

International nuclear trade

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Biad, A.; Cormis, F. de; Kerever, A.

1998-01-01

This third part is relative to the international nuclear trade it includes: the 1996 EURATOM/Usa Agreement on the peaceful Uses of nuclear energy: EURATOM Strengthened, a case study on IVO Power engineering Oy as a supplier to Russia, lessons learned from the Us/EURATOM Agreement for Cooperation, negotiating the parameters of nuclear regulation: lessons from South Africa, Good and new business in Brazil's nuclear energy field, cooperation between Russia and european union in the nuclear field: the legal basis, present status and future prospects, the industrial implications of the non proliferation policy. (N.C.)

Seismic risk map for Southeastern Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mioto, J.A.

1984-01-01

During the last few years, some studies regarding seismic risk were prepared for three regions of Brazil. They were carried on account of two basic interests: first, toward the seismic history and recurrence of Brazilian seismic events; second, in a way as to provide seismic parameters for the design and construction of hydro and nuclear power plants. The first seismic risk map prepared for the southeastern region was elaborated in 1979 by 6he Universidade de Brasilia (UnB-Brasilia Seismological Station). In 1981 another seismic risk map was completed on the basis of seismotectonic studies carried out for the design and construction of the Nuclear power plants of Itaorna Beach (Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro) by IPT (Mining and Applied Geology Division). In Brazil, until 1984, seismic studies concerning hydro and nuclear power plants and other civil construction of larger size did not take into account the seismic events from the point of view of probabilities of seismic recurrences. Such analysis in design is more important than the choice of a level of intensity or magnitude, or adoption of a seismicity level ased on deterministic methods. In this way, some considerations were made, concerning the use of seisms in Brazilian designs of hydro and nuclear power plants, as far as seismic analysis is concerned, recently altered over the current seismic risk panorama. (D.J.M.) [pt

Nuclear energy: considerations about nuclear trade

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Goes Fischer, M.D. de.

1988-01-01

A general view of historical aspects of nuclear energy and the arrangements to assure its use for peaceful purposes are presented. Then the internal character of nuclear energy in a juride context is demonstrated; some consideration about the international organizations and conventions and the Brazilian Legislation in the nuclear area are examined. It also deals with the political aspects of nuclear trade and the function of IAEA in this are. Furthermore the restrictions imposed by Non-Proliferation Treaty-NPT, the objectures of the Tlatelolco Treaty and ''London Club'' guidelines. Afterwards the bilateral cooperation under taken by countries and its agreements are discussed. Besides some aspects of agreements made between United States, France Germany and Brazil are discussed [pt

International nuclear data centers and the nuclear data center of Instituto de Estudos Avancados

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Corcuera, R.P.; Nair, R.P.K.; Santos, R. dos

1985-01-01

The nuclear data centers existent in the world and their areas, of responsability are presented. The efforts made by the Instituto de Estudos Avancados of Centro Tecnico Aeroespacial, in Brazil to create a local nuclear data center are presented. (M.C.K.) [pt

The politics of power in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bazin, M.

1980-01-01

In reviewing the present position concerning Brazil's nuclear energy programme it is shown that it is suffering not only from lack of funds but also from dissent at all levels. The history of the nuclear power plan for the country is outlined reflecting the government's total lack of esteem for its own scientists, its involvement with the United States and later with West Germany and the present position where the programme is years behind schedule and in a state of general disarray. (UK)

Economic and Non-proliferation Policy Considerations of Uranium Enrichment in Brazil and Argentina

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Short, Steven M.; Phillips, Jon R.; Weimar, Mark R.; Mahy, Heidi A.

2008-01-01

The nuclear development programs of both Argentina and Brazil have, since the 1970s, been premised on the desire for self-sufficiency and assurance of nuclear fuel supply. While military rivalry and mutual distrust led to nuclear weapons related development programs in the 1970s and 1980s, both countries have since terminated these programs. Furthermore, the governments of both countries have pledged their commitment to exclusively non-explosive use of nuclear energy and have signed the Non Proliferation Treaty (NPT). Utilizing rights provided for under the NPT, both Argentina and Brazil have nuclear fuel production facilities, with the notable exception of enrichment plants, that provide much of the current indigenous fuel requirements for their nuclear power plants. However, both countries are actively developing enrichment capability to fill this gap. The purpose of this report is to assess the economic basis and non-proliferation policy considerations for indigenous enrichment capability within the context of their desired self-sufficiency and to evaluate possible United States Government policy options.

Economic and Non-proliferation Policy Considerations of Uranium Enrichment in Brazil and Argentina

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Short, Steven M.; Phillips, Jon R.; Weimar, Mark R.; Mahy, Heidi A.

2008-09-01

The nuclear development programs of both Argentina and Brazil have, since the 1970s, been premised on the desire for self-sufficiency and assurance of nuclear fuel supply. While military rivalry and mutual distrust led to nuclear weapons related development programs in the 1970s and 1980s, both countries have since terminated these programs. Furthermore, the governments of both countries have pledged their commitment to exclusively non-explosive use of nuclear energy and have signed the Non Proliferation Treaty (NPT). Utilizing rights provided for under the NPT, both Argentina and Brazil have nuclear fuel production facilities, with the notable exception of enrichment plants, that provide much of the current indigenous fuel requirements for their nuclear power plants. However, both countries are actively developing enrichment capability to fill this gap. The purpose of this report is to assess the economic basis and non-proliferation policy considerations for indigenous enrichment capability within the context of their desired self-sufficiency and to evaluate possible United States Government policy options.

Technological development in the nuclear area: nuclear power production

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lima, Jose Mendonca de.

1991-01-01

The factors and obstacles that influence the progress and regress of nuclear power presently are evaluated. The international policies of the industrial conglomerates and the hegemonic countries in the nuclear area are described. In the particular case of Brazil, it was tried to identify the obstacles which must be removed so that the country can reach development in this field. 35 refs., 9 figs., 9 tabs

Factors in low-carbon energy transformations: Comparing nuclear and bioenergy in Brazil, Sweden, and the United States

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hultman, Nathan E.; Malone, Elizabeth L.; Runci, Paul; Carlock, Gregory; Anderson, Kate L.

2012-01-01

Policies to address climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions might be made more effective if we can better understand the pathways by which transformative technologies become significant components of energy systems. Indeed, the central question of mitigation revolves around the scope of policy to influence or accelerate the diffusion of low-carbon technology. While market forces clearly influence technology deployment, understanding the longer-term and large-scale changes in the energy system requires a broader understanding of the relative influence of institutional, behavioral, and social factors. This paper presents the results of an interview-based, comparative case approach to investigating systematically the relative importance of these non-economic factors influencing technological change across technology and country contexts. We identified two low-carbon energy sectors (bioenergy and nuclear power) that underwent significant changes over the past 50 years in the energy portfolio of three countries: Brazil, Sweden, and the United States. We identified nine categories of factors that might contribute to these large technological transformations, and then evaluated, via interviews with sector participants in each country, which factors were viewed as being determinative or highly influential in the trajectory of that technology in their country context. We also draw out policy implications and directions for future research. - Highlights: ► Study of energy transformations in bioenergy and nuclear energy in Brazil, Sweden, and the US. ► Data include survey and 78 interviews across 3 countries and 2 sectors. ► Across all countries and sectors, domestic policy was seen as the major factor in transitions. ► Other key factors with more variance were technological characteristics and industry structure. ► Study adds empirical detail to understanding of relative weights of factors in energy transitions.

Nuclear laws and radiologic accidents

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Frois, Fernanda

1997-01-01

Some aspects of the nuclear activities in Brazil, specially concerning the Goiania s accident are demonstrated using concepts from environmental and nuclear law. Nuclear and environmental competence, the impossibility of the states of making regional laws, as the lack of regulation about the nuclear waste, are discussed. The situation of Goiania when the accident happened, the present situation of the victims and the nuclear waste provisionally stored in Abadia de Goias is reported

Nuclear reactors transients identification and classification system; Sistema de identificacao e classificacao de transientes em reatores nucleares

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bianchi, Paulo Henrique

2008-07-01

This work describes the study and test of a system capable to identify and classify transients in thermo-hydraulic systems, using a neural network technique of the self-organizing maps (SOM) type, with the objective of implanting it on the new generations of nuclear reactors. The technique developed in this work consists on the use of multiple networks to do the classification and identification of the transient states, being each network a specialist at one respective transient of the system, that compete with each other using the quantization error, that is a measure given by this type of neural network. This technique showed very promising characteristics that allow the development of new functionalities in future projects. One of these characteristics consists on the potential of each network, besides responding what transient is in course, could give additional information about that transient. (author)

Remoção de sulfato de águas residuárias industriais em reator anaeróbio de leito fixo operado em bateladas sequenciais Sulfate removal from industrial wastewaters in fixed film anaerobic sequential batch reactor

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Arnaldo Sarti

2008-03-01

Full Text Available Avaliou-se o potencial de uso reator anaeróbio operado em bateladas seqüenciais com biomassa imobilizada (ASBBR, em escala piloto, no tratamento de água residuária industrial contendo elevadas concentrações de sulfato. O ASBBR, com volume total de 1.2 m³, foi preenchido com carvão mineral como meio suporte para imobilização da biomassa (leito fixo. Foram aplicadas cargas de 0,15; 0,30; 0,65; 1,30 e 1,90 kg SO4-2/ciclo (ou batelada com duração de 48 h, correspondendo, respectivamente, às concentrações de sulfato no afluente de 0,25; 0,50; 1,0; 2,0 e 3,0 gSO4-2.l-1. Utilizou-se etanol como doador de elétrons para a redução do sulfato. O reator foi operado à temperatura ambiente (29±8ºC, tendo sido obtidas eficiências médias na redução de sulfato entre 88 e 92% em 92 ciclos (275 dias. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que o uso de reatores ASBBR constitui-se em alternativa eficiente para a remoção de sulfatos de águas residuárias com características semelhantes às utilizadas neste trabalho.The potential use of an anaerobic sequencing batch biofilm reactor (ASBBR in pilot-scale for the treatment of a sulfate-rich industrial wastewater was evaluated. The pilot 1.2 m³ ASBBR reactor was filled with mineral coal for biomass immobilization (fixed film. The sulfate loading rates applied were 0.15; 0.30; 0.65; 1.30 and 1.90 kg SO4-2/cycle (or batch. Each cycle lasted 48 h. The influent concentrations were, respectively, 0.25; 0.50; 1.0; 2.0 and 3.0 gSO4-2.l-1. Ethanol was used as electron donor for sulfate reduction. The reactor operated at ambient temperature (29±8ºC, and the mean efficiencies of sulfate removal were in the range 88 to 92% in the 92 run cycles. The total operating period comprised 275 days. Based on the results obtained in this research, it could be concluded that the ASBBR can be an efficient alternative for the removal of sulfate from other industrial wastewaters with similar characteristics.

A New 14C-AMS Facility at UFF- Niteroi, Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gomes, P. R. S.; Macario, K. D.; Anjos, R. M.; Linares, R.; Carvalho, C.; Queiroz, E.

2010-01-01

We report a new Accelerator Mass Spectrometry facility at the Physics Institute of Fluminense Federal University in Brazil, the Nuclear Chronology Laboratory - LACRON. The sample preparation laboratory is ready to perform chemical treatment through graphitization and the acquisition of a Single Stage Accelerator Mass Spectrometry System is in progress. LACRON will be the first independent laboratory to perform the 14 C-AMS technique not only in Brazil but in Latin America.

A New 14C-AMS Facility at UFF- Niteroi, Brazil

Science.gov (United States)

Gomes, P. R. S.; Macario, K. D.; Anjos, R. M.; Linares, R.; Carvalho, C.; Queiroz, E.

2010-08-01

We report a new Accelerator Mass Spectrometry facility at the Physics Institute of Fluminense Federal University in Brazil, the Nuclear Chronology Laboratory—LACRON. The sample preparation laboratory is ready to perform chemical treatment through graphitization and the acquisition of a Single Stage Accelerator Mass Spectrometry System is in progress. LACRON will be the first independent laboratory to perform the 14C-AMS technique not only in Brazil but in Latin America.

Nuclear facilities licensing

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Carvalho, A.J.M. de.

1978-01-01

The need for the adoption of a legal and normative system, defining objectives, pescriptions and the process of nuclear licensing and building of nuclear power plants in Brazil is enphasized. General rules for the development of this system are presented. The Brazilian rules on the matter are discussed. A general view of the German legal system for nuclear power plant licensing and the IAEA recommendations on the subject are finally presented. (A.L.S.L.) [pt

O espaço da energia nuclear no Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Joaquim Francisco de Carvalho

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Este artigo repassa a história e descreve a experiência acumulada em energia nuclear no Brasil, mostrando que as aplicações biomédicas, industriais e agrícolas desenvolveram-se bem no país, a partir dos anos 1950. Em seguida, o artigo demonstra que o país pode cobrir seu consumo de energia elétrica apenas com fontes renováveis de energia, sem recorrer a usinas nucleares de potência. Por fim, são analisados os argumentos comuns na imprensa, a favor e contrários às centrais nucleares, e são discutidos alguns aspectos comerciais e políticos do problema. São também examinadas as estratégias de vendas da indústria nuclear no Brasil.This article reviews the history and describes the experience on nuclear energy in Brazil, showing that nuclear technology applied to biomedical sciences, industry and agriculture has been largely developed in this country, from the year 1950 on. Then the paper shows that Brazil can cover its electricity consumption with only renewable energy sources, without nuclear power plants. Finally the arguments usually employed in the press, pro and against nuclear power plants are analyzed and some commercial and political aspects of the problem are commented. The sales strategy of the nuclear industry in Brazil is also commented.

Argentina and Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gamba-Stonehouse, V.

1991-01-01

This paper reports that security is defined in different ways by many international actors. To some, security is tied to the definition of an external threat to borders, as in the case of the NATO countries. To other, security is related to development, as in the case of most Third World countries. but notwithstanding different definitions, all countries recognize that the essence of security is the survival of the nation-state itself. The nuclear programs of Argentina and Brazil are among the oldest, most sophisticated and advanced nuclear programs anywhere in the Third World. The programs have never been explained on the basis of threat perception, and in this regard perhaps they constitute the most atypical form of nuclear proliferation known to date. Not surprisingly, any attempt to explain the rationale for the Brazilian and Argentine nuclear programs based on common issues of threat =merely confuses the issue. Thus, nationalism, the search for national identity and pride, the need to express self-sufficiency and the desire to keep options open in an insecure and evolving world order must all be analyzed to comprehend the likelihood of future types of nuclear proliferation. Meanwhile, the study of the contemporary era of Argentine-Brazilian nuclear rapprochement may provide new insights into the complex reasoning behind the decision of countries to go nuclear

Costs comparison of electric energy in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Goncalves, D.; Menegassi, J.

1981-01-01

A cost comparison study of various sources of electric energy generation was performed using uniform analysis criteria. The results indicate higher costs for coal, followed by nuclear and hidro. It was verified that presently, large hidro-power plants can only be located far from the load centers, with increasing costs of hidro-power energy in Brazil. These costs become higher than the nuclear plant if the hidro plant is located at distances exceeding 1000 Km. (Author) [pt

Development of a computational database for application in Probabilistic Safety Analysis of nuclear research reactors; Desenvolvimento de uma base de dados computacional para aplicação em Análise Probabilística de Segurança de reatores nucleares de pesquisa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Macedo, Vagner dos Santos

2016-07-01

The objective of this work is to present the computational database that was developed to store technical information and process data on component operation, failure and maintenance for the nuclear research reactors located at the Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN), in São Paulo, Brazil. Data extracted from this database may be applied in the Probabilistic Safety Analysis of these research reactors or in less complex quantitative assessments related to safety, reliability, availability and maintainability of these facilities. This database may be accessed by users of the corporate network, named IPEN intranet. Professionals who require the access to the database must be duly registered by the system administrator, so that they will be able to consult and handle the information. The logical model adopted to represent the database structure is an entity-relationship model, which is in accordance with the protocols installed in IPEN intranet. The open-source relational database management system called MySQL, which is based on the Structured Query Language (SQL), was used in the development of this work. The PHP programming language was adopted to allow users to handle the database. Finally, the main result of this work was the creation a web application for the component reliability database named PSADB, specifically developed for the research reactors of IPEN; furthermore, the database management system provides relevant information efficiently. (author)

New recommendations from the IAEA for medical exposures: impact on nuclear medicine in Brazil; Novas recomendacoes da IAEA para exposicoes medicas: impacto em medicina nuclear no Brasil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sa, Lidia Vasconcellos de; Kodlulovich, Simone, E-mail: lidia@ird.gov.br, E-mail: simone@cnen.gov.br [Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CNEN), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2013-10-01

An assessment of the current national standards was performed in order to verify compliance with the new recommendations, taking into account the number of available facilities and medical physicists to meet the requirements. It was found that compliance with the requirements of protocol optimization and individualization of doses, as well as the assignment of responsibility shared by all professionals involved were not disclosed. In Brazil, there is no reference levels established as also there is not a government program to obtain them. The functions and responsibilities of the medical physicist in conducting dosimetry individual patient, quality control and acceptance tests of equipment and also the calibration is not defined in the standard. Currently in Brazil there are 31 certified Medical Physicists in Medicine Nuclear power to meet approximately 390 facilities, representing only 8% required. As a member state of the IAEA, the Brazilian rules governed by CNEN is based on BSS-115, must come to terms with the GSR. The concern is now meeting the requirements, especially those relating to patients, since we have established benchmarks and individualized dosimetry. Beyond addition, the number of medical physicists are not enough to show the country's demand. (author)

Applied nuclear physics group - activities report. 1977-1997; Grupo de fisica nuclear aplicada - relatorio de atividades. 1977-1997

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Appoloni, Carlos Roberto

1998-06-01

This report presents the activities conducted by the Applied Nuclear Physics group of the Londrina State University - Applied Nuclear Physics Laboratory - Brazil, from the activities beginning (1977) up to the end of the year 1997.

Nuclear threshold countries in the Third World

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stahl, K.

1990-01-01

The article analyses the nuclear-technological capacities and the danger of nuclear weapons proliferation in the six nuclear threshold countries: Argentina, Brazil, India, Pakistan, Israel and South Africa. All six states have developed sensitive nuclear facilities that are not covered by IAEA-safeguards. The risk of nuclear proliferation in Argentina and Brazil is considered at present as non-existent. The economic and especially the nuclear cooperation between the two states and the mutual visits of the unsafeguarded nuclear facilities has promoted a process of confidence building and political detente between them. The risk of nuclear weapons proliferation in the Middle East is considered high. It is estimated that Israel already has built up a nuclear weapons arsenal. The growing political influence of nationalistic groups in India and Pakistan, that favour a course of confrontation between the two states, have augmented the risk of nuclear proliferation in both states. South Africa is economically and militarily clearly dominating its black ruled neighbours. The Apartheid-regime is at present negociating with the nuclear weapons states about its adherence to the NPT, but demands political, economic and military concessions in exchange for its adherence to the treaty. (orig./HSCH) [de

Management report 2004 CNEN - Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission; Relatorio de gestao 2004 CNEN - Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2005-03-15

This document reports the results of the activity management of the Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear - CNEN - Brazil during the year of 2004, involving the Brazilian program of nuclear activities in the areas of nuclear safety, research and development, radiopharmaceutical production, institutional management, teaching, administration in general and miscellaneous.

Management report 2005 CNEN - Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission; Relatorio de gestao 2005 CNEN - Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2006-03-15

This document reports the results of the activity management of the Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear - CNEN - Brazil during the year of 2005, involving the Brazilian program of nuclear activities in the areas of nuclear safety, research and development, radiopharmaceutical production, institutional management, teaching, administration in general and miscellaneous.

Management report 2006 CNEN - Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission; Relatorio de gestao 2006 CNEN - Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2007-03-15

This document reports the results of the activity management of the Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear - CNEN - Brazil during the year of 2005, involving the Brazilian program of nuclear activities in the areas of nuclear safety, research and development, radiopharmaceutical production, institutional management, teaching, administration in general and miscellaneous.

Status of uranium in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Majdalani, S.A.; Tavares, A.M.

2001-01-01

Uranium exploration in Brazil was started in 1952 by the Brazilian National Research Council. This led to the discovery of the first uranium deposits in Pocos de Caldas and Jacobina. These activities was later continued by the National Energy Commission/Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CNEN), formed in 1962. The founding of NUCLEBRAS at the end of 1974 marked the increasing effort of the country's uranium exploration programme. At this time only the Pocos de Caldas deposit was known with measurable resources. Due to the reorganization of the Brazilian nuclear programme in 1988, all uranium exploration in the country was stopped. By then, eight areas with uranium reserves has been identified. Brazil uranium resources in the RAR category at ≤ $80/kg U cost range are estimated to be 162,000 tonnes U, out of which 56,100 tonnes are in the ≤ $40/kg U cost range. Additional resources in the EAR-I category and the cost range ≤ 80/kg U are in the order of 100,200 tonnes U. The first production of uranium in Brazil, at the Osamu Utsumi mine (Pocos de Caldas deposit), started in 1982. Because of escalated costs and reduced demand, this activity was put on stand-by status between 1990 and 1992. The mine was restarted in 1993, but was stopped again in October 1995. The cumulative production of the mine to 1996 was 1241 tonnes U. The Lagoa Real deposit is currently being prepared as a new producing mine. (author)

Nuclear physics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1990-01-01

This work describes the actual situation of nuclear physics in Brazil as well as its perspectives of developments and real needs in the next decade. It discusses the main projects and the financing of brazilian research groups and Universities. (A.C.A.S.)

From Angra to Tehran: Brazilian nuclear policy under Lula’s administration

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Diego Santos Vieira de JESUS

2011-11-01

Full Text Available The aim of this article is to explain the positions taken by Brazil under Lula’s administration (2003-2010 on nuclear non-proliferation, disarmament and arms control. In order to strengthen its position in dispute settlement and to expand its participation in international institutions, Brazil wished to intermediate between nuclear-weapon and non-nuclear weapon States. The country also tried to pressure the nuclear weapon States to fulfill their disarmament obligations and to reduce asymmetries in relations with the strongest countries in the nuclear arena. The Brazilians also sought to maintain flexibility to ensure the safety of their own atomic program.

Proliferation of nuclear weapons. Civilian and military exploitation of nuclear power

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Andresen, S.; Kongstad, S.

1978-01-01

Following brief technical and historical surveys the structure of the nuclear power market is discussed. In the 1970s a major change has been the decline of USA's virtual monopoly and the active entry of West Germany, France and Canada into the merket. Another development has been the commercialisation of progressively more of the fuel cycle, vide the agreements between Brazil and W. Germany, and Pakistan and France. These tendencies, added to the general spread of nuclear technologial ability and the adoption of nuclear power in more and more developing countries is presumed to increase the danger of nuclear weapon proliferation. The motives for, and means of, such proliferation are analysed. The tripartite agreement between Brazil, W. Germany and USA is discussed in great detail to illustrate the situation. The role of the NPT is not found to be significant. It is concluded that though proliferation may be inevitible, the motives may be for prestige and negotiating power, rather than use, and that the policy of the superpowers seems in the long run to lead to a reduction of their military dominance, and possible also their economic and political position in the international community. (JIW)

Communication from the Permanent Missions of Brazil and Romania to the International Atomic Energy Agency Regarding Guidelines for the Transfers of Nuclear-Related Dual-Use Equipment, Materials, Software and Related Technology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2003-01-01

The Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency has received Notes Verbale from the Permanent Missions of Brazil and Romania, dated 28 February 2003, providing information on the export policies and practices of the Governments of Brazil and Romania with respect to the export of nuclear-related dual-use equipment, materials, software and related technology. In the light of the wish expressed at the end of each Note Verbale, the text of the Notes Verbale is attached. The attachment referenced in the Note Verbale was issued previously as INFCIRC/254/Rev.5/Part 2

Management report 2003 CNEN - Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission; Relatorio de gestao 2003 CNEN - Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2004-03-15

This document reports the general activity management of the Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear - CNEN - Brazil during the year of 2003, involving the government programs in the areas of nuclear safety, medicine application, technological development, administration and miscellaneous.

Evolution of nuclear security regulatory activities in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mello, Luiz A. de; Monteiro Filho, Joselio S.; Belem, Lilia M.J.; Torres, Luiz F.B.

2009-01-01

The changing of the world scenario in the last 15 years has increased worldwide the concerns about overall security and, as a consequence, about the nuclear and radioactive material as well as their associated facilities. Considering the new situation, in February 2004, the Brazilian National Nuclear Energy Commission (CNEN), decided to create the Nuclear Security Office. This Office is under the Coordination of Nuclear Safeguards and Security, in the Directorate for Safety, Security and Safeguards (Regulatory Directorate). Before that, security regulation issues were dealt in a decentralized manner, within that Directorate, by different licensing groups in specific areas (power reactors, fuel cycle facilities, radioactive facilities, transport of nuclear material, etc.). This decision was made in order to allow a coordinated approach on the subject, to strengthen the regulation in nuclear/radioactive security, and to provide support to management in the definition of institutional security policies. The CNEN Security Office develops its work based in the CNEN Physical Protection Regulation for Nuclear Operational Units - NE-2.01, 1996, the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and the IAEA Nuclear Security Series . This paper aims at presenting the activities developed and the achievements obtained by this new CNEN office, as well as identifying the issues and directions for future efforts. (author)

Management report 2007 CNEN - Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission; Relatorio de gestao 2007 CNEN - Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2007-07-01

This document reports the general activity management of the Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear - CNEN - Brazil during the year of 2007, involving the CNEN role in the public policy execution, the Brazilian program of nuclear activities in the areas of nuclear safety, research and development, radiopharmaceutical production, teaching, administration in general and miscellaneous.

Implementation of internal monitoring programs for workers occupationally exposed by 131I in nuclear medicine services in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oliveira, S.M.; Dantas, A.L.A.; Dantas, B.M.

2017-01-01

In nuclear medicine services (NMS), workers routinely handle radionuclides for diagnostic and therapy. This practice represents a risk of incorporation by these radionuclides. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) recommends the implementation of an internal monitoring program on workers exposed to annual effective doses greater than 1 mSv, as for example, those who handle 131 I for therapy in NMS. Currently, in Brazil, there are not enough available laboratories qualified to provide internal monitoring services to attend all possible demand of internal monitoring if it such regulation were applied by the Brazilian Nuclear Regulatory Board (CNEN). The objective of this work is to disseminate simple and inexpensive methods for in vivo routine thyroid monitoring of 131 I using equipment available in the NMS. Devices available in two public hospitals located in the city of Rio de Janeiro were calibrated for use in occupational internal monitoring. The equipment evaluated in this work presented enough sensitivity for such application, being suitable to access intakes of 131 I in the thyroid and able to estimate doses below 1 mSv. (author)

The Brazilian nuclear programme

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Forman, J.M.A.

1990-01-01

Developing an energy policy for a country the size of Brazil is a formidable task. Large differences between the regions in geography and economic development do not allow for a uniform plan. In the mid 1970s, Brazil started a nuclear energy programme to provide it with another option in its energy planning. The objective of the programme was gradually to build a technical and industrial base for nuclear power in the country, so that it would be available when it was needed. It was recognized that it would not be easy for a developing country to acquire the necessary high technology. The organization of the industry is outlined, demand projections are presented and domestic supplies of uranium assessed. (author)

Suggestion for improvement of PET quality control tests in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ferreira, Fernanda C.L.; Magalhaes, Cinthia M.S.; Souza, Divanizia N.

2009-01-01

Nowadays nuclear medicine has a considerable importance among the other medical specialties. This medical specialty utilizes high-tech equipment for imaging in the diagnosis, obtaining information on the clinical functionality of organs and systems of the human body through the use of radioisotopes . In view of the importance of guaranteeing the image quality in SPECT and PET systems, enabling patients not repeat exams due to lack of quality control of equipment used in nuclear medicine, this paper aims to present a possible suggestion to update the quality control tests needed for quality assurance of nuclear medicine services. They were considered the requirements of the National Commission of Nuclear Energy (CNEN) and the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) in Brazil. The minimum requirements to be defined for inclusion of quality control tests on PET in the standard CNEN are extremely important because they will guide the evaluation of PET systems, determining the quality control tests to be performed. And those tests for PET will be a regulatory requirement by the CNEN and ANVISA. As the National Health Surveillance Agency has already publication of RDC 38 with recommendations for services of nuclear medicine. This study will continue with evaluation of PET systems and presenting the tests of quality control with additional objects and simulators to ensure safety in PET systems have not standardized in nuclear medicine services in Brazil. (author)

Standardization of {sup 123}I and {sup 18}F for providing traceability of activity meters performed in the Radiopharmaceutical Production Service of the Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear, RJ, Brazil; Padronizacao do Iodo-123 e Fluor-18 para provimento de rastreabilidade das medicoes de atividade realizadas no Servico de Producao de Radiofarmacos do Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Andrade, E.A.L., E-mail: erica@ien.gov.br [Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear (IEN/CNEN-RJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Delgado, J.U.; Iwahara, A.; Contic, C.C., E-mail: delgado@ird.gov.br, E-mail: iwahara@ird.gov.br, E-mail: ccconti@ird.gov.br [Instituto de Radioprotecao e Dosimetria (IRD/CNEN-RJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2013-07-01

The commercialization and use of radiopharmaceuticals in Brazil are regulated by Sanitary Vigilance National Agency which requiring Good Manufacturing Practices certification for all segments within the Nuclear Medicine. Quality Assurance Programmes should implement the standard requirements to ensure that radiopharmaceuticals have requirements quality to proving its efficiency. Several aspects should be controlled, and one of them is the traceability of the Radionuclides Activity Measurement in radiopharmaceuticals doses. This paper aims to provide traceability to dose calibrators (well type ionization chambers) used for {sup 123}I and {sup 18}F activity measurements in Radiopharmaceuticals Production Service placed in Institute of Nuclear Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. (author)

The new Brazilian legislation on nuclear protection

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fischer, Denise

1981-10-01

This paper considers the new system on nuclear protection in Brazil which was established to integrate all government agencies and private bodies involved in nuclear activities. The role of each organisation is analysed in relation to the Brazilian political and administrative structure, in particular that of the Nuclear Energy Commission. (NEA) [fr

Considerations about the licensing process of special nuclear industrial facilities

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Talarico, M.A., E-mail: talaricomarco@hotmail.com [Marinha do Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Coordenacao do Porgrama de Submarino com Propulsao Nuclear; Melo, P.F. Frutuoso e [Coordenacao dos Programas de Pos-Graduacao em Engenharia (COPPE/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Programa de Engenharia Nuclear

2015-07-01

This paper brings a discussion about the challenges involved in the development of a new kind of nuclear facility in Brazil, a naval base for nuclear submarines, with attention to the licensing process and considerations about the risk-informed decision making application to the licensing process. Initially, a model of such a naval base, called in this work, special industrial facility, is proposed, with its systems and respective sets of basic requirements, in order to make it possible the accomplishment of the special industrial facility support function to the nuclear submarine. A discussion about current challenges to overcome in this project is presented: the challenges due to the new characteristics of this type of nuclear facility; existence of several interfaces between the special industrial facilities systems and nuclear submarine systems in design activities; lack of specific regulation in Brazil to allow the licensing process of special industrial facilities by the nuclear safety authority; and comments about the lack of information from reference nuclear facilities, as is the case with nuclear power reactors (for example, the German Grafenrheinfeld nuclear plant is the reference plant for the Brazilian Angra 2 nuclear plant). Finally, in view of these challenges, an analysis method of special industrial facility operational scenarios to assist the licensing process is proposed. Also, considerations about the application of risk-informed decision making to the special industrial facility activity and licensing process in Brazil are presented. (author)

Considerations about the licensing process of special nuclear industrial facilities

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Talarico, M.A.; Melo, P.F. Frutuoso e

2015-01-01

This paper brings a discussion about the challenges involved in the development of a new kind of nuclear facility in Brazil, a naval base for nuclear submarines, with attention to the licensing process and considerations about the risk-informed decision making application to the licensing process. Initially, a model of such a naval base, called in this work, special industrial facility, is proposed, with its systems and respective sets of basic requirements, in order to make it possible the accomplishment of the special industrial facility support function to the nuclear submarine. A discussion about current challenges to overcome in this project is presented: the challenges due to the new characteristics of this type of nuclear facility; existence of several interfaces between the special industrial facilities systems and nuclear submarine systems in design activities; lack of specific regulation in Brazil to allow the licensing process of special industrial facilities by the nuclear safety authority; and comments about the lack of information from reference nuclear facilities, as is the case with nuclear power reactors (for example, the German Grafenrheinfeld nuclear plant is the reference plant for the Brazilian Angra 2 nuclear plant). Finally, in view of these challenges, an analysis method of special industrial facility operational scenarios to assist the licensing process is proposed. Also, considerations about the application of risk-informed decision making to the special industrial facility activity and licensing process in Brazil are presented. (author)

Nuclear power plant construction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lima Moreira, Y.M. de.

1979-01-01

The legal aspects of nuclear power plant construction in Brazil, derived from governamental political guidelines, are presented. Their evolution, as a consequence of tecnology development is related. (A.L.S.L.) [pt

Materials. The Argentine nuclear policy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Strasser, H.

1982-01-01

Part A of the volume contains a literature search on proliferation and the Third World and on the nuclear technology of Argentina. The materials in part B are divided in: 1. Nonproliferation discussion and the Third World. 2. Development and state of nuclear technology in Argentina. 3. Argentina's international contacts in the field of nuclear energy 1. Federal Republic of Germany, 2. Soviet Union, 3. Brazil. (orig./HP) [de

Relative costs to nuclear plants: international experience

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Souza, Jair Albo Marques de

1992-03-01

This work approaches the relative costs to nuclear plants in the Brazil. It also presents the calculation methods and its hypothesis to determinate the costs, and the nacional experience in costs of investment, operating and maintenance of the nuclear plants

Applied nuclear physics group - activities report. 1977-1997

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Appoloni, Carlos Roberto

1998-06-01

This report presents the activities conducted by the Applied Nuclear Physics group of the Londrina State University - Applied Nuclear Physics Laboratory - Brazil, from the activities beginning (1977) up to the end of the year 1997

Public acceptance of nuclear energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Reis, J.S.B.

1984-01-01

Man, being unacquainted with the advantages of Nuclear Energy associates it with the manufacture of weaponry. However, the benefits of Nuclear Energy is received daily. In Brazil the public has not taken an anti-nuclear position; it is recognized that the Nuclear Plan exists exclusively for peaceful purposes and the authorities keep the community well informed. The Comision Nacional de Energia Nuclear along with the Instituto de Radioproteccion y Dosimetria, Instituto de Ingenieria Nuclear and the Instituto de Investigaciones Energeticas y Nucleares has developed in 27 years of existence, a gradual, accute and effective long term programme for the formation of potentially receptive opinion of Nuclear Energy. (Author)

Management report 2004 CNEN - Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2005-03-01

This document reports the results of the activity management of the Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear - CNEN - Brazil during the year of 2004, involving the Brazilian program of nuclear activities in the areas of nuclear safety, research and development, radiopharmaceutical production, institutional management, teaching, administration in general and miscellaneous

Management report 2006 CNEN - Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2007-03-01

This document reports the results of the activity management of the Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear - CNEN - Brazil during the year of 2005, involving the Brazilian program of nuclear activities in the areas of nuclear safety, research and development, radiopharmaceutical production, institutional management, teaching, administration in general and miscellaneous

Management report 2005 CNEN - Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2006-03-01

This document reports the results of the activity management of the Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear - CNEN - Brazil during the year of 2005, involving the Brazilian program of nuclear activities in the areas of nuclear safety, research and development, radiopharmaceutical production, institutional management, teaching, administration in general and miscellaneous

The nuclear proliferation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gere, F.

1995-04-01

In this book is detailed the beginning of nuclear military power, with the first bomb of Hiroshima, the different ways of getting uranium 235 and plutonium 239, and how the first countries (Usa, Ussr, China, United kingdom, France) got nuclear weapons. Then the most important part is reviewed with the details of non-proliferation treaty and the creation of IAEA to promote civilian nuclear power in the world and to control the use of plutonium and uranium in nuclear power plants. The cases of countries who reached the atom mastery, such Israel, South Africa, Pakistan, Iraq, North Korea, Argentina, Brazil, Iran, Algeria, Taiwan and the reasons which they wanted nuclear weapon for or why they gave up, are exposed

Alternative Nuclear Program

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Goldemberg, J.

1982-01-01

An analysis of the development of nuclear energy in Brazil is made since its beginning, showing the fundamental policy changes introduced in the end of the 60's with the purchase of the Angra dos Reis I reactor. This decision discouraged the existing efforts of an autonomous development in nuclear energy. The reaction to this policy led to the Nuclear Deal with Germany, which although incorporating some positive aspects is not capable to lead to nuclear independence. The presently existing options are discussed, as well as the transformation of the Nuclear Program in a R and D Program based only in the reactors I, II and III, located in Angra dos Reis. (Author) [pt

Tratamento de resíduos sólidos de centrais de abastecimento e feiras livres em reator anaeróbio de batelada Treatment of solid waste from supply centers and free markets in batch anaerobic reactor

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Valderi D. Leite

2003-08-01

Full Text Available Em feiras livres e centrais de abastecimento são produzidas quantidades bastante significativas de resíduos sólidos, com características favoráveis ao aproveitamento integral em processo de bioestabilização anaeróbia. O processo de bioestabilização é realizado em reatores anaeróbios de batelada (RAB, com tempo de detenção de sólidos variando de 250 a 300 dias originando, como produtos finais, o biogás, com cerca de 60% de gás metano, além de composto orgânico parcialmente bioestabilizado. Neste trabalho, foram utilizados resíduos sólidos orgânicos tipicamente vegetais, advindos de centrais de abastecimento, feiras livres e lodo de esgoto sanitário. O sistema experimental utilizado era constituído basicamente por um reator anaeróbio de batelada, com capacidade unitária de 2200 litros, além de outros dispositivos complementares. O sistema experimental foi instalado e monitorado na Estação Experimental de Tratamento Biológico de Esgoto Sanitário, situada no Bairro do Tambor, na cidade de Campina Grande, Estado da Paraíba, no período de janeiro a setembro de 2001. No processo de monitoração foram realizadas caracterizações sistemáticas das frações sólidas, líquidas e gasosas. Após análise dos dados, ficou evidenciada a viabilidade desta alternativa de tratamento, restando ser investigada ainda a viabilidade econômica, quando comparada com outras alternativas tecnológicas de tratamento de resíduos sólidos orgânicos.Significant quantity of organic solid waste with favorable characteristics for integral utilization in anaerobic biostabilization is produced in free markets and supply centers. The process is conducted in anaerobic batch reactors (ABR, with detention time of solids varying from 250 to 300 days, producing biogas with about 60% of methane, besides the partially biostabilized organic compost as the final product. In this study, the organic solid waste used was typically of vegetables

Avaliação de desempenho de wetlands construídos para o tratamento de efluente de reator UASB: estudo de caso da ete vog ville

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luciano de Souza Ferreira

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Um sistema de tratamento de esgoto sanitário, em escala real, composto por reator UASB seguido de wetlands construídos de fluxo horizontal subsuperficial foi avaliado quanto ao comportamento, eficiências de remoção de poluentes e seus aspectos operacionais. O processo foi estudado em duas etapas caracterizadas pela presença e ausência da recirculação do efluente final em duas unidades de wetlands construídos plantadas com diferentes espécies de macrófitas. As faixas de valores das concentrações efluentes dos parâmetros analisados foram: matéria orgânica medida como DQO, 26 a 96 mgO2/L; Sólidos em Suspensão Totais, 2 a 29 mg/L; Sólidos em Suspensão Voláteis, 0 a 27 mg/L; Nitrogênio Total Kjedhal, 17,9 a 72,8 mg/L; nitrogênio amoniacal, 15,4 e 58,8 mg/L; P-PO43-: 3,9 a 9,4 mg/L; fósforo total, 5,6 a 8,5 mg/L; Coliformes Termotolerantes: 104 a 105 NMP/100mL e Coliformes Totais: 105 a 106 NMP/100mL. A aplicação do teste não paramétrico de Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney em nível de significância igual a 5% mostrou que não houve diferença significativa entre o desempenho de remoção de poluentes durante as duas etapas da pesquisa, nem entre as unidades plantadas com macrófitas distintas. O presente estudo mostrou que wetlands construídos de fluxo horizontal subsuperficial tratando o efluente de reator UASB são capazes de atender a maioria dos padrões de lançamento preconizados na legislação ambiental vigente. O estudo, também, permitiu concluir que há necessidade de uma operação intensa e contínua para se garantir condições adequadas de funcionamento de tais sistemas. 

Iran: the next nuclear threshold state?

OpenAIRE

Maurer, Christopher L.

2014-01-01

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited A nuclear threshold state is one that could quickly operationalize its peaceful nuclear program into one capable of producing a nuclear weapon. This thesis compares two known threshold states, Japan and Brazil, with Iran to determine if the Islamic Republic could also be labeled a threshold state. Furthermore, it highlights the implications such a status could have on U.S. nonproliferation policy. Although Iran's nuclear program is mir...

Offer/demand of the radioisotope 99MO in Brazil: a social necessity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Souza, Bruno Luiz da Cruz Barbosa de; Pereira, Marcelo O.

2013-01-01

The construction of a nuclear reactor, project under way in Brazil, always generates controversy surrounding the real needs of a society to the risks of accidents. This paper proposes, using statistical data on the supply / demand of the 99 Mo radioisotope, show the need to build a nuclear research reactor in the country, showing the various applications in Nuclear Medicine and needs of this input for the country

Proceedings of the 4. Meeting of the nuclear magnetic resonance users; Anais do 4. Encontro de usuarios de ressonancia magnetica nuclear

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1994-12-31

This book shows the papers presented in the 4. Meeting of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Users which took place in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1993. The main topics discussed were: solid state NMR; structural and conformational structure determination by NMR; perspectives for NMR in Brazil; recent achievements in NMR

Latin American cooperation on nuclear energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Faria, N.M. de; Associacao Brasileira de Direito Nuclear, Rio de Janeiro)

1984-01-01

The cooperation between Latin American countries on nuclear matters in which Brazil should play a significant role is presented. The possible areas for cooperation, particularly the nuclear law, are focused. The cooperation should be developed on bilateral or multilateral basis, by governmental and non governmental entities. (Author) [pt

Quality assurance in nuclear power plant

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Magalhaes, M.T. de

1981-01-01

The factors related to the licensing procedures of a nuclear power plant (quality assurance and safety analysis) are presented and discussed. The consequences of inadequate attitudes towards these factors are shown and suggestions to assure the safety of nuclear power plants in Brazil are presented. (E.G.) [pt

National report of Brazil. Nuclear Safety Convention

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1998-09-01

This document represents the national report prepared as a fulfillment of the brazilian obligations related to the Convention on Nuclear Safety. In chapter 2 some details are given about the existing nuclear installations. Chapter 3 provides details about the legislation and regulations, including the regulatory framework and the regulatory body. Chapter 4 covers general safety considerations as described in articles 10 to 16 of the Convention. Chapter 5 addresses to the safety of the installations during siting, design, construction and operation. Chapter 6 describes planned activities to further enhance nuclear safety. Chapter 7 presents the final remarks related to the degree of compliance with the Convention obligations

Uranium prospecting in the State of Bahia, Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cenachi, N.C.

1974-01-01

A brief description is made of the program established by CNEN (Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission) - Brazil, for the radiogeological survey of a large area in the state of Bahia. Details of the projects carried out since 1971 are also given. Projects of aerogeophysical surveys are also mentioned [pt

Continuing education in radiation protection in the nuclear fuel cycle: The case of Nuclear Industries of Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Souza Pereira, W. de; Kelecom, A.

2014-01-01

This paper describes the pedagogical and technical concept that guided training in radiation protection implemented by the Indústrias Nucleares do Brasil (INB; Nuclear Industries of Brazil) to maintain the competence of its technical staff to perform activities with exposure to radiation, the staff responsible for the supervision of this work and as a form of dissemination of knowledge to the staff not involved in the use of ionizing radiation. The groups of workers to be trained are here described, as well as the level of training, the frequency and types of training, the profile of trainers, the training programs, the forms of assessment and recording of training. It also describes the first general training performed in 2004. After this initial training no other general training was realized, and the option was to train small groups of workers, to avoid stopping the production as it occurred when general training was executed. The overall training was conducted in three units: the Uranium Concentration Unit (URA) under production in the city of Caetité, state of Bahia, the Ore Treatment Unit (UTM) undergoing decommissioning at Poços de Caldas, state of Minas Gerais and the Unit of Heavy Minerals (UMP), at Buena, state of Rio de Janeiro. In the initial training at URA 79 workers were trained, distributed in 6 classes (average of 13 students per class); each class had nine hours training and the grades obtained ranged from 7.5 to 10. At UTM, 200 employees were trained distributed in 9 classes (average of 22 students per class); their notes ranged from 8.8 to 10. Finally, at UMP 151 employees were trained, in 5 classes (average of 31 students per class); their grades ranged from 8.6 to 9.0. That year, a total of 180 hours were spent for training 430 employees, with no effective rebuke. Currently employees are trained when they arrive at their Units, and all along the year in small classes, as the general training has been definitely abolished. (author)

Implementation of internal monitoring programs for workers occupationally exposed by {sup 131}I in nuclear medicine services in Brazil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oliveira, S.M.; Dantas, A.L.A.; Dantas, B.M., E-mail: salomao.marques@ymail.com [Instituto de Radioproteção e Dosimetria (IRD/CNEN-RJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Div. de Dosimetria

2017-07-01

In nuclear medicine services (NMS), workers routinely handle radionuclides for diagnostic and therapy. This practice represents a risk of incorporation by these radionuclides. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) recommends the implementation of an internal monitoring program on workers exposed to annual effective doses greater than 1 mSv, as for example, those who handle {sup 131}I for therapy in NMS. Currently, in Brazil, there are not enough available laboratories qualified to provide internal monitoring services to attend all possible demand of internal monitoring if it such regulation were applied by the Brazilian Nuclear Regulatory Board (CNEN). The objective of this work is to disseminate simple and inexpensive methods for in vivo routine thyroid monitoring of {sup 131}I using equipment available in the NMS. Devices available in two public hospitals located in the city of Rio de Janeiro were calibrated for use in occupational internal monitoring. The equipment evaluated in this work presented enough sensitivity for such application, being suitable to access intakes of {sup 131}I in the thyroid and able to estimate doses below 1 mSv. (author)

Management report 2003 CNEN - Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2004-03-01

This document reports the general activity management of the Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear - CNEN - Brazil during the year of 2003, involving the government programs in the areas of nuclear safety, medicine application, technological development, administration and miscellaneous

Performance of UASB reactors in two stages under different HRT and OLR treating residual waters of swine farming Desempenho de reatores UASB em dois estágios sob diferentes TDH e COV tratando águas residuárias de suinocultura

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Estevão Urbinati

2013-04-01

Full Text Available In this study it was evaluated the effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT and Organic Loading Rate (OLR on the performance of UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket reactors in two stages treating residual waters of swine farming. The system consisted of two UASB reactors in pilot scale, installed in series, with volumes of 908 and 188 L, for the first and second stages (R1 and R2, respectively. The HRT applied in the system of anaerobic treatment in two stages (R1 + R2 was of 19.3, 29.0 and 57.9 h. The OLR applied in the R1 ranged from 5.5 to 40.1 kg CODtotal (m³ d-1. The average removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD and total suspended solids (TSS ranged, respectively, from 66.3 to 88.2% and 62.5 to 89.3% in the R1, and from 85.5 to 95.5% and 76.4 to 96.1% in the system (R1 + R2. The volumetric production of methane in the system (R1 + R2 ranged from 0.295 to 0.721 m³CH4 (m³ reactor d-1. It was found that the OLR applied were not limiting to obtain high efficiencies of CODtotal and TSS removal and methane production. The inclusion of the UASB reactor in the second stage contributed to increase the efficiencies of CODtotal and TSS removal, especially, when the treatment system was submitted to the lowest HRT and the highest OLR.Neste trabalho, avaliou-se o efeito do tempo de detenção hidráulica (TDH e da carga orgânica volumétrica (COV no desempenho de reatores UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket, em dois estágios, tratando águas residuárias de suinocultura. O sistema foi constituído por dois reatores UASB em escala-piloto, instalados em série, com volumes de 908 e 188 L, para o primeiro e segundo estágios (R1 e R2, respectivamente. Os TDH, aplicados no sistema de tratamento anaeróbio, em dois estágios (R1 + R2, foram de 19,3; 29,0 e 57,9 h. As COVs aplicadas no R1 variaram de 5,5 a 40,1 kg DQOtotal (m³ d-1. As eficiências médias de remoção de demanda química de oxigênio total (DQOtotal e s

Brazil: anchoring the region

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Costamilan, L.C.L.

1997-01-01

The role of Brazil's state-run petroleum company, Petrobras, in providing a national supply of oil and natural gas and their products to Brazil was discussed. Petrobras is the sole state-run enterprise which carries out research, exploration, production, refining, imports, exports and the transportation of oil and gas in Brazil. Petrobras has built a complete and modern infrastructure made up of refineries, distribution bases, terminals and oil and gas pipelines. Recently (1995) the Brazilian National Assembly approved legislation that while confirming the state monopoly, also provides private contractors and other state-owned companies ways to participate in the petroleum sector. There exists a great potential for oil and gas in many of Brazil's 29 sedimentary basins. The regulatory legislation also created two new organs to deal with the partial deregulation of the petroleum sector, the National Board for Energy Policy and the National Petroleum Agency. The first of these will deal with policy issues, measures and guidelines regarding regional energy supply and demand and specific programs such as those affecting natural gas, fuel alcohol, coal and nuclear energy. The National Petroleum Agency will manage the hydrocarbon sector on behalf of the government. Its functions will include regulation and monitoring of the sector, managing the bidding process for concessions for exploration and production, and other related activities. The new legislation opens up new horizons for the Brazilian oil sector, providing opportunities for private investment, both domestic and foreign, as well as for new technological capabilities associated with these investments. 1 tab., 6 figs

Power conversion for a microreactor: a nuclear space application

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Guimaraes, Lamartine N.F.; Camillo, Giannino P.; Nascimento, Jamil A.; Borges, Eduardo M.; Placco, Guilherme M.

2009-01-01

Generating nuclear power in space is of fundamental importance if it is desired to realize some aggressive type of exploration. Basically, at Earth orbit (either LEO or GEO) most applications tend to use solar panels, which are just fine, in spite of problems such as vibration, non optimal light incidence angle and non electricity generation due to Earth's shadow. For deep space exploration the nuclear power is been considered as a strong candidate and maybe the only one. The Institute for Advanced Studies is conducting the TERRA project that tracks the developments in the area and, also, intends to develop the key technologies that will allow such a machine to be build with indigenous technology. TERRA stands for TEcnologia de Reatores Rapidos Avancados. This project, at its first stage aims at the specification of the microreactor fuel element with its possible geometrical arrangements. Also for this stage a gas Brayton closed cycle is being considered as a heat conversion to electricity and/or propulsion effect. The basic idea is to adapt an open loop aeronautic gas turbine to operate as a closed loop gas Turbine. This arrangement will use heat pipes as a cold source, or a heat rejection passive system. Up to this point a lot has been done in terms of numerical and graphical development. It is expected that some built up will be happening during this year. An account of this work will be presented at the conference. (author)

Evolutionary computing in Nuclear Engineering Institute/CNEN-Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pereira, Claudio M.N.A.; Lapa, Celso M.F.; Lapa, Nelbia da Silva; Mol, Antonio C.

2000-01-01

This paper aims to discuss the importance of evolutionary computation (CE) for nuclear engineering and the development of this area in the Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear (IEN) at the last years. Are describe, briefly, the applications realized in this institute by the technical group of CE. For example: nuclear reactor core design optimization, preventive maintenance scheduling optimizing and nuclear reactor transient identifications. It is also shown a novel computational tool to implementation of genetic algorithm that was development in this institute and applied in those works. Some results were presents and the gains obtained with the evolutionary computation were discussing. (author)

Management report 2007 CNEN - Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2007-01-01

This document reports the general activity management of the Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear - CNEN - Brazil during the year of 2007, involving the CNEN role in the public policy execution, the Brazilian program of nuclear activities in the areas of nuclear safety, research and development, radiopharmaceutical production, teaching, administration in general and miscellaneous

Replacing nuclear staff: The proactive work at IPEN/CNEN-SP

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pupak, M.O.; Rogero, J.R.

2004-01-01

In Brazil, young people do not learn nuclear science, nuclear engineering and related fields at College or Universities, because Brazilian Universities offer such specialized courses only as extension classes to normal curriculum. Another important aspect to be considered is that there are eight Brazilian Universities or Research Institute that offers MSc and PhD degree offered on only four State/Region of Brazil, e.g.: in the State of Sao Paulo/SP, Region Southeast of Brazil, there is only one programme, at Energy and Nuclear Research Institute - IPEN, in association with the University of Sao Paulo - USP; in the State of Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Region Southeast of Brazil, there are four programmes: the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, the Army Engineering Institute - IME, the Institute of Nuclear Engineering - IEN, the Institute of Radiation Protection and Dosimetry - IRD; in the State of Minas Gerais, Region Southeast of Brazil, there are the Center of Nuclear Technology Development - CDTN and the Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG; in the State of Pernambuco, Region Northeast of Brazil, there is Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE. Those four institutes: IPEN, IEN, IRD and CDTN are institutes belonging to the National Nuclear Energy Commission - CNEN. The situation of those nuclear programmes (mentioned above), their level of post graduation and the grade attributed by Capes - the Higher Education Coordinating Office of the Federal Ministry of Education, done three-annually on all Brazilian Courses, undergraduate and postgraduate is presented. This evaluation varies on a scale from 1 to 5, universities are allowed to conduct their programme only with grade up to 3, if not the course is disregarded. The acquirement of evaluation up to 5, i.e. 6 and 7 is given only to programme that has high academic level recognized internationally for expertise. IPEN it is a traditional research and educational institution, recognized internationally for the

Evaluation of diagnostic procedures in nuclear medicine services of Pernambuco and Alagoas states - Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Silva, Ricardo Braz F. da; Hazin, Clovis A.

2011-01-01

The medical use of ionizing radiation contributes significantly to population exposure to radiation. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic procedures carried out in nuclear medicine (SMN) in Pernambuco and Alagoas in order to gather data to subsidize the proposal of reference levels for nuclear medicine in Brazil. Data were collected of the SMN in Pernambuco and Alagoas in the period of 2005 to 2009, according by UNSCEAR. The study used data from IBGE. The results showed that the total number of examinations in the period 2005 to 2009 was 34.828 in Pernambuco and 27.700 in Alagoas, corresponding to 6.966 and 5.540 average annual examinations in Pernambuco and Alagoas, respectively. The total number of examinations performed in both states in 2009 was twice the number carried out in 2005. Scintigraphy is the cardiovascular examination most performed in both states, followed by bone scintigraphy. Tc-99m is the radionuclide used most often, followed by I-131. The number of tests using Tc-99m in 2009 doubled when compared with the examinations performed in 2005. The results indicate that there has been a significant increase in the number of examinations in MN, and that females outnumber males, as far as the use of this diagnostic resource is concerned. The study of the activities of the radionuclides administered to patients in the states of Pernambuco and Alagoas showed that they are high when compared to the values recommended by the IAEA in its Safety Report Series Document No. 40. (author)

Managing nuclear supplier risks

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ramberg, B.

1990-01-01

This paper reports that with the appearance of such third-tier suppliers as Argentina, Brazil, South Korea, Taiwan, China, and others capable of producing nuclear components and sensitive nuclear materials, assurance that importers are using nuclear energy benignly and safely may become more uncertain. It is therefore important to integrate emerging exporters and importers into a regime of norms designed to minimize nuclear risks. The experience of the London Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) to arrive at a code of conduct is encouraging. Placed in the context of the larger evolving nuclear energy regime that seeks to address nuclear safety, proliferation, terrorism, and military attacks on reactors, the international community has made substantial progress. Still, there is much that remains to be done

Assistance to Brazil, Pakistan and Thailand

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1959-04-15

IAEA's technical assistance programme for the current year includes aid to atomic energy projects in Brazil, Pakistan and Thailand. It is proposed to establish a radiation measurement service in Brazil where radioactive isotopes are finding increasing use in medicine, industry and research. The assistance to be provided by IAEA will consist of equipment for the proposed service, and experts who would give courses in their respective specializations and co-operate in the testing of equipment, initiation of measurements and organization of working plans. The Agency is putting three specialists at the disposal of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission: one of them an expert on research reactors, another on radioisotopes and irradiation by gamma rays, and the third on health physics. The Pakistan Government has decided to set up an Institute of Nuclear Research and Reactor Technology, where it is planned to install a reactor with a power level of 1 MW to be increased later to 5 MW. The main purposes of the reactor project will be: training on reactor operation and reactor physics; training and research in neutron physics; research on radiation physics and nuclear chemistry; production of radioisotopes; biological research on the effects of radiation; radiation protection and shielding, and research in nuclear engineering and metallurgy. Under a third project, IAEA has sent an expert to Thailand to assist in the development of the medical applications of radioisotopes, particularly in diagnosis and clinical research

Assistance to Brazil, Pakistan and Thailand

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1959-01-01

IAEA's technical assistance programme for the current year includes aid to atomic energy projects in Brazil, Pakistan and Thailand. It is proposed to establish a radiation measurement service in Brazil where radioactive isotopes are finding increasing use in medicine, industry and research. The assistance to be provided by IAEA will consist of equipment for the proposed service, and experts who would give courses in their respective specializations and co-operate in the testing of equipment, initiation of measurements and organization of working plans. The Agency is putting three specialists at the disposal of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission: one of them an expert on research reactors, another on radioisotopes and irradiation by gamma rays, and the third on health physics. The Pakistan Government has decided to set up an Institute of Nuclear Research and Reactor Technology, where it is planned to install a reactor with a power level of 1 MW to be increased later to 5 MW. The main purposes of the reactor project will be: training on reactor operation and reactor physics; training and research in neutron physics; research on radiation physics and nuclear chemistry; production of radioisotopes; biological research on the effects of radiation; radiation protection and shielding, and research in nuclear engineering and metallurgy. Under a third project, IAEA has sent an expert to Thailand to assist in the development of the medical applications of radioisotopes, particularly in diagnosis and clinical research

Construction of sustainability indicators for Nuclear Area Innovation and Research Institutes in Brazil; Construção de indicadores de sustentabilidade para institutos de pesquisa e inovação da área de tecnologia nuclear no Brasil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Alves, Simone Fonseca

2017-07-01

The dissertation consists of a construction of appropriate sustainability indicators for nuclear area innovation and research institutes in Brazil. In order to do so, the results of the construction process, as well as, the perception of the population that resides in the area surrounding this type of institute are presented and discussed. As reference for this case study, the Nuclear Technology Development Center (CDTN) was chosen. It is located in Pampulha, more specifically, on the campus of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. One of the methodological processes present in this research is the Delphi method, because it is the most used in the construction of indicators. Its application in this work allowed obtaining the of specialist group opinions collected through a questionnaire. Initially, sixty-nine sustainability indicators were considered. They were distributed among the environmental, economic, socio cultural and institutional dimensions, some of which were obtained through lists of indicators pointed by literature review. Other indicators were built through discussions with groups from the nuclear, environmental, economic and socio cultural areas. Among the set of indicators investigated, twenty-six were selected as being the most relevant. A questionnaire was then applied to one hundred and twenty individuals living in the vicinity of the CDTN. Discrepancies were found during the analysis the opinions of the experts in relation to sustainability dimensions proposed, as well as, indicators of the same dimensions were varied. However, the opinion of the population and the opinion of the experts had similar results. Finally, this study is the first proposal for the nuclear sector to construct this kind of indicator that takes into account the evaluation of experts and the opinion of the community that resides around these institutions. (author)

Survey or quality for radiopharmaceuticals and activimeters available in services of nuclear medicine from Recife, Pernambuco State, Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nogueira, Fernanda Maria Dornellas Camara

2001-08-01

The radiopharmaceutical used in Nuclear Medicine must present high chemical and radiochemical purities in order to obtain images with contrast and clearness adequate for the diagnosis. Test should be made by the Nuclear Medicine institutes to evaluate the presence of molybdenum, aluminium and the free Tc O 4 - /TC-HR in the radiopharmaceutical before they use it. On the other hand, the activity to be administered to the patient is determined by the activimeters available in the Nuclear Medicine institutions. So it is necessary to perform tests to verify operating conditions of the activimeter to guarantee that the dose received by patient is the prescribed by the physician. In Brazil, few clinics of Nuclear Medicine are implanting the tests of the radiopharmaceutical and of the activimeters. The objective of this work is to establish the procedures for the radiopharmaceutical tests and to evaluate the quality of the radiopharmaceutical used at the clinics of Recife, as well as the operation conditions of the activemeters in these institutions. The results show that all the activimeters analyzed present a good performance and that the equipment with Geiger-Muller detectors present larger instability than the ones that use ionization chamber. Concerning the Mo/Tc generators, it was observed that only one presented Mo in the generator eluate with concentration over the acceptable limits and that the concentration of Al found in the samples analyzed were below the limits. On the other hand, in 73% of the MIBI analyzed samples were observed problems with its preparation that were caused by the procedures adopted at the clinics, which do not follow the manufacturers recommendations. (author)

Farewell to the nuclear energy program

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sangmeister, H.

1986-01-01

In summer 1985 Brazil, presided over by Jose Sarney, definitely decided not to go on with the building preparations for Angra III, a third nuclear power plant, and to suspend the planning and projecting of Iguape I and II (Sao Paulo). In view of decisions such as these there is no doubt about the fact that the Brazilian government soon after entering upon its office attaches but secondary importance to the establishment and extension of a national nuclear power industry. The trend already revealed in its rudiments towards the end of the last Brazilian military government of Joao Figueiredo has meanwhile taken on its definite character and direction: financial cuts and retardation of the ambitious nuclear energy program initiated in the 70s with the aim of corroborating Brazil's position as a dynamic promising industrial nation and hegemonial power of the Latin American subcontinent. (orig.) [de

A nuclear reactor core fuel reload optimization using Artificial-Ant-Colony Connective Networks; Recarga de reatores nucleares utilizando redes conectivas de colonias de formigas artificiais

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lima, Alan M.M. de; Schirru, Roberto [Universidade Federal, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Coordenacao dos Programas de Pos-graduacao de Engenharia. Programa de Engenharia Nuclear]. E-mail: alan@lmp.ufrj.br; schirru@lmp.ufrj.br

2005-07-01

A Pressurized Water Reactor core must be reloaded every time the fuel burnup reaches a level when it is not possible to sustain nominal power operation. The nuclear core fuel reload optimization consists in finding a burned-up and fresh-fuel-assembly pattern that maximizes the number of full operational days. This problem is NP-hard, meaning that complexity grows exponentially with the number of fuel assemblies in the core. Besides that, the problem is non-linear and its search space is highly discontinual and multimodal. In this work a parallel computational system based on Ant Colony System (ACS) called Artificial-Ant-Colony Networks is introduced to solve the nuclear reactor core fuel reload optimization problem. ACS is a system based on artificial agents that uses the reinforcement learning technique and was originally developed to solve the Traveling Salesman Problem, which is conceptually similar to the nuclear fuel reload problem. (author)

Innovation and knowledge generation in cooperation nets: challenges for regulations in the nuclear safety area in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Staude, Fabio

2014-01-01

The importance of inter-organisational cooperation within the innovation process has been increasingly recognized. In fact, all organisations, at some point, need to look to external sources for inputs to the process of building up technological competence. In this sense, through a detailed case study, this thesis examine theoretical and empirically how collaborative initiatives have supported the Brazilian nuclear regulatory body in the development and implementation of innovations, in order to verify the positive relationship between the collaboration and the organisational innovation performance. Emphasizing the importance of both internal sources of knowledge and external participation, the study encompasses documentary analysis, a preliminary survey and semi-structured interviews with the regulatory body employers in charge of controlling medical and research facilities and activities involving radiation sources. The thesis demonstrates that innovations developed and implemented in the Brazilian nuclear safety and security area are associated with collaborative initiatives, in order to improve the organizational capability to fulfill safety obligations, providing some important implications for regulatory body managers concerned with the management of innovation. The findings also identified actors with a significant degree of influence in the innovation process. The result reveals that the support provided by these actors has a significant influence on the innovation performance of the Brazilian nuclear regulatory body, suggesting that Brazil should adopt more interactive models of innovation and knowledge transfer. In addition, the findings show that these key actors can play a very distinctive role in the context of sectoral systems of innovation information regime. (author)

Remoção de macronutrientes de efluente da indústria de castanha de caju por uso de reator aeróbio em batelada com inóculo fúngico Removal of macronutrients from effluent of a cashew nut industry by using a batch aerobic reactor with fungal inoculums

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marina Santos da Silva Lopes

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Foi estudada a eficiência da remoção de nitrogênio e fósforo do efluente de indústria de castanha de caju, por uso de reator aeróbio em batelada com inóculo de Aspergillus niger AN400. O reator recebeu 5 L de água residuária, acrescida de glicose, na concentração de 1 g.L-1 (Etapa I e de 5 g.L-1 (Etapa II . Cada etapa teve seis ciclos operacionais, cada um com tempo de reação total de sete dias. Os valores de pH dos efluentes na Etapa I variaram de 6,4 a 8,7 e na Etapa II , de 3,1 a 7,0. Durante a Etapa II , o reator alcançou bons resultados para remoção de nutrientes sem acúmulo de sua concentração no meio: 49% de fósforo total, 60% de ortofosfato, 79% de amônia, 78% de nitrato e 90% de nitrito, indicando que a menor liberação de nutrientes pelos micro-organismos ocorreu na presença de concentração elevada de glicose.It was studied the removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus from effluent of a cashew nut industry by using an aerobic reactor operated in repetitive batch, inoculated with Aspergillus niger AN400. The reactor was fed with 5 L of wastewater, supplemented with glucose in the concentration of 1 g.L-1 (Phase I and 5 g.L-1 (Phase II . Each phase had six operational cycles, with total reaction time of seven days per cycle. The pH values of the effluents in Phase I varied from 6.4 to 8.7 and in Phase II , it varied from 3.1 to 7.0. The reactor achieved good results of removal without nutrients accumulated in the medium, during Phase II : 49% to total phosphorus, 60% to orthophosphate, 79% to ammonia, 78% to nitrate, and 90% to nitrite, indicating that the lesser release of nutrients by microorganisms occurred in the presence of higher glucose concentration.

Review of experience gained in fabricating nuclear grade uranium and thorium compounds and their analytical quality control at the Instituto de Energia Atomica, Sao Paulo, Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Abrao, A.; Franca Junior, J.M.; Ikuta, A.

1977-01-01

The main activities developed at 'Instituto de Energia Atomica' Sao Paulo, Brazil, on the recovery of uranium from ores, the purification of uranium and thorium raw concentrates and their transformation in nuclear grade compounds, are reviewed. The design and assemble of pilot facilities for ammonium diuranate (ADV) uranium tetrafluoride, uranium trioxide, uranium oxide microspheres, uranyl nitrate denitration, uranim hexafluoride and thorium compounds are discussed. The establishment of analytical procedures are emphasized [pt

Communication of 12 April 1996 received from the resident representative of Brazil to the International Atomic Energy Agency

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1996-01-01

The document reproduces the text of a note verbale received by the Director general of the IAEA on 12 April 1996 from the Resident Representative of Brazil providing information on the nuclear export policies and practices of the Government of the Federative Republic of Brazil

Public perception of radiation safety - a case study in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wieland, P.; Steinhaeusler, F.; Xavier, A.M.; Unterbruner, U.

1998-01-01

Since the early 1980s, Brazil has been operating installations which run the gamut of the nuclear fuel cycle, from uranium mining and milling to a nuclear power plant. A second power plant is under construction and is planned to come on stream in 1999. In 1987, Brazil was shaken by the largest radiological accident on record involving a unit of radiotherapy equipment. This accident contaminated large areas of Goiania, a city of some 1 million inhabitants, and generated 3500 m 3 of radioactive waste. At present, apart from the facilities involved in the nuclear fuel cycle, close to 2600 installations in Brazil utilize radioactive materials in medicine, industry and research. Following the Goiania accident, the Brazilian authorities built a final subsurface disposal facility, which is currently in operation, for the waste generated by the cleanup of the city. Studies are now under way for the selection of a national waste repository. However, in spite of all the activities mentioned, the Brazilian public is largely unaware of both the benefits and the real risks of radiation. In order to assist in the development of an appropriate communication strategy focusing on radiation issues and directed at the public, a survey was undertaken. The survey contained questions on basic knowledge, the credibility of information sources dealing with radiation issues, recollections of the Goiania accident, reacting to an emergency situation in general and Goiania in particular and on waste related risk comparison. An analysis of this survey is presented. Practical issues are reviewed, including a target oriented communication programme involving the nuclear community, the regulatory authority, educational centres, the media and the public. The topics addressed are the present crisis of confidence, limitations, misconceptions and requirements, and communicating in a situation of crisis. (author)

Avaliação de 166 ETEs em operação no país, compreendendo diversas tecnologias. Parte 1: análise de desempenho Evaluation of 166 treatment plants operating in Brazil, comprising several technologies. Part 1: performance analysis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sílvia M. A. Corrêa Oliveira

2005-12-01

Full Text Available O trabalho apresenta uma análise de desempenho de 166 estações de tratamento de esgotos urbanos em operação nos estados de Minas Gerais e de São Paulo. Foram investigadas seis modalidades de tratamento diferentes, compreendendo os processos: (a fossa séptica seguida de filtro anaeróbio, (b lagoas facultativas, (c lagoas anaeróbias seguidas por lagoas facultativas, (d lodos ativados, (e reatores UASB operando isoladamente e (f reatores UASB seguidos por pós-tratamento. A avaliação considerou as concentrações efluentes e as eficiências de remoção dos constituintes DBO, DQO, SST, NTK, PT e coliformes (organismos termotolerantes, que foram comparadas com valores típicos reportados na literatura técnica. Em geral, o desempenho na remoção de matéria orgânica esteve dentro do esperado. As eficiências de remoção de SST estiveram abaixo, enquanto a remoção de coliformes foi maior que a descrita na literatura. A remoção de nutrientes foi baixa, já que nenhuma das modalidades analisadas foi projetada com este objetivo.The paper analyses the performance of 166 wastewater treatment plants operating in Brazil. Six different treatment technologies have been investigated, comprising the following processes: septic tank + anaerobic filter, facultative pond, anaerobic pond + facultative pond, activated sludge, UASB reactors alone, UASB reactors followed by post-treatment. The objective of the research was to evaluate the effluent quality and the removal efficiencies of the parameters BOD, COD, TSS, coliforms, TKN and phosphorus. The paper compares the effluent quality and the removal efficiencies with typical values reported by the technical literature. In general, the performance in the removal of organic matter was as expected. TSS removal efficiencies were lower than reported, but coliform removal was higher than described in the literature. Nutrient removal was low, but none of the treatment processes have been designed with

An alternative nuclear program

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Goldemberg, J.

1981-01-01

An analysis of the development of nuclear energy in Brazil is made since its beginning, showing the fundamental policy changes introduced in the end of the 60's with the purchase of the Angra dos Reis I reactor. This decision discouraged the existing efforts of an autonomous development in nuclear energy. The reaction to this policy led to the Nuclear Deal with Germany, which although incorporating some positive aspects is nor capable to lead to nuclear independence. The presently existing options are discussed, as well as the transformation of the Nuclear Program in a R and D Program based only in the reactors I, II and III, located in Angra dos Reis. (Author) [pt

Annual Report ABACC 2003 - Brazilian-Argentine Agency for the Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2003-01-01

This Report describes the actions of the Brazil-Argentine of Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials (ABACC), during the year of 2003. The developed work allowed to concluded that there is no event indicating that any nuclear material non-accounted for were deviated for non permitted activities by the Agreement for Peaceful Use of Nuclear Energy between Argentine and Brazil and by the Four Parties Agreement among these countries, the ABACC and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

Nuclear Power in South-Central Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cintra do Prado, L.

1966-01-01

The region of South-Central Brazil includes the states of Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Guanabara and Minas Gerais. The most recent power study was made by Canambra Engineering Consultants Limited. This group reported that the public-grid electricity output for the area in 1962 was 2.16 GW (average generation), with an installed capacity of 3.41 GW and annual mean load factor of 63.4; an increase in power requirements for 1970 was forecast, corresponding to an average output of 5.37 GW and an installed capacity of 8.3 GW. This forecast was based on an annual growth rate of 11.9% in generation. ''The energy requirements have grown at an average annual rate of 10.9% since 1955; however, the present forecast is based on the assumption of power being available as required, and hence includes the suppressed demand resulting from existing restrictions in generating and distribution capacity''

Latin America: emerging nuclear market

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1979-01-01

The need for nuclear power in Latin American countries is surveyed. It is concluded that Latin America offers the greatest external market for all exporters of nuclear reactors and associated services in the near future. Mexico, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Bolivia are the only countries with fossil-fuel reserves adequate to meet their requirements in the next 20 to 30 years. Nuclear power is a necessity to maintain or improve the standard of living in the countries of Brazil, Argentina, Chile, and Peru

The developmental state in Brazil: comparative and historical perspectives

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

BEN ROSS SCHNEIDER

2015-03-01

Full Text Available The record of successful developmental states in East Asia and the partial successes of developmental states in Latin America suggest several common preconditions for effective state intervention including a Weberian bureaucracy, monitoring of implementation, reciprocity (subsidies in exchange for performance, and collaborative relations between government and business. Although Brazil failed to develop the high technology manufacturing industry and exports that have fueled sustained growth in East Asia, its developmental state had a number of important, and often neglected, successes, especially in steel, automobiles, mining, ethanol, and aircraft manufacturing. Where Brazil's developmental state was less successful was in promoting sectors like information technology and nuclear energy, as well as overall social and regional equality. In addition, some isolated initiatives by state governments were also effective in promoting particular local segments of industry and agriculture. Comparisons with East Asia, highlight the central role of state enterprises in Brazil that in effect internalized monitoring and reciprocity and bypassed collaboration between business and government (that was overall rarer in Brazil.

Sea pollution by nuclear reactors. Poluicao marinha pelos reatores nucleares

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tommasi, L A [Companhia de Tecnologia de Saneamento Ambiental, Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

1981-01-01

The capacity of radionuclides accumulation by organisms of a estuary is described he gives examples about what happen with the St. Jacques shell, in Ems estuary, in Columbia river and others. The talks about the biological effects, the radionuclides behaviour in environment of estuary, the thermal effects and finishes with some considerable notices. (C.M.).

Electricity generation projections of the world and Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dias, Marcio Soares

2002-01-01

The world use of electricity is projected to increase by 9,570 billions kWh over a span of 20 years. Natural gas is expected to account for the largest increment in electricity generation. As a result of high oil and natural gas consumption fuel prices are projected to rise in nominal dollars over the forecast horizon. Higher capacity utilisation and fewer expected retirements of running nuclear plants have resulted in a revision of EIA's projected consumption of electricity from nuclear power. Projection of 3.6%/year in the electricity consumption in Brazil is lower than the historical correlation given by the GDP (5%) growth rate plus 1.2 to 1.7%. GDP and energy consumption growth rates for Brazil are projected to be higher than the world value, but are lower than the projected values for countries like Mexico and China. Trends in primary fuel prices and external dependence on fuel supply are important factors for the Brazilian investments on electricity generation due their impact on costs and standard of living. (author)

The internationalization of nuclear industry: state and capital in atomic relations; A internacionalizacao da industria nuclear: estado e capital em relacoes atomicas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ferreira Junior, Evaristo Santiago

1986-03-15

This paper analyzes the causes and scope of the nuclear energy diffusion process in the capitalist world. It also aims at explaining Brazil's role in this process. The study contemplates two main concepts that are, here, considered to be driving and directing vectors: the World Capital and the Capitalist State. According to the expanded reproduction logic, World Capital forms the world nuclear productive subsystem, which commands and directs, in this process, hundreds (or thousands) of productive units, regardless of their geographical location, nationality or capital control. Thru the utilization of available public intervention tools, the Capitalist state has favored the formation of the world nuclear productive subsystem, thus guiding the accumulation process in the interior of this system. Therefore, the conclusion of the Nuclear Cooperation Agreement between Brazil and Germany and the resultant establishment of the Brazilian Nuclear Program (following the authoritarian model of public administration), is well fitted in the general dynamics of subordination/articulation of the Brazilian economy to the world economy and, particularly, to the world nuclear productive subsystem. (author)

The internationalization of nuclear industry: state and capital in atomic relations; A internacionalizacao da industria nuclear: estado e capital em relacoes atomicas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ferreira, Junior, Evaristo Santiago

1986-03-15

This paper analyzes the causes and scope of the nuclear energy diffusion process in the capitalist world. It also aims at explaining Brazil's role in this process. The study contemplates two main concepts that are, here, considered to be driving and directing vectors: the World Capital and the Capitalist State. According to the expanded reproduction logic, World Capital forms the world nuclear productive subsystem, which commands and directs, in this process, hundreds (or thousands) of productive units, regardless of their geographical location, nationality or capital control. Thru the utilization of available public intervention tools, the Capitalist state has favored the formation of the world nuclear productive subsystem, thus guiding the accumulation process in the interior of this system. Therefore, the conclusion of the Nuclear Cooperation Agreement between Brazil and Germany and the resultant establishment of the Brazilian Nuclear Program (following the authoritarian model of public administration), is well fitted in the general dynamics of subordination/articulation of the Brazilian economy to the world economy and, particularly, to the world nuclear productive subsystem. (author)

Avaliação do desempenho do reator anaeróbio de manta de lodo (uasb em escala laboratorial na remoção da carga orgânica de águas residuárias da suinocultura Performance evaluation of a lab-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB removing organic loading rate from swine manure

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cláudio Milton Montenegro Campos

2005-04-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar o desempenho do reator anaeróbio de manta de lodo (UASB-Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket construído em escala laboratorial na redução da carga orgânica poluidora dos despejos suinícolas brutos. O sistema completo foi composto de um tanque de acidificação e equalização, reator UASB e lagoa aerada facultativa. O tempo de detenção hidráulica (TDH e temperatura adotada para o reator UASB foram de 30 horas e 30 ºC, respectivamente. Os valores médios afluentes de DQO T, ST e SVT foram de 1806, 1810 e 1240 mg.L-1. As eficiências de remoção de DQO T, ST e SVT foram de 84, 58 e 73%, respectivamente. O sistema se apresentou-se estável, com boas condições de tamponamento, retenção e digestibilidade de sólidos, demonstrando que os critérios adotados foram adequados, principalmente aqueles referentes ao TDH, carga orgânica volumétrica (COV e temperatura.The present work was carried out in order to evaluate the performance of a lab scale Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket reactor (UASB treating liquid effluent from swine manure without solids separation. The treatment system consisted of one acidification tank, which also equalized the substrate, an UASB reactor, and an aerated facultative pound. The hydraulic retention time (HRT and temperature adopted for the UASB reactor were 30h and 30ºC, respectively. The influent average values of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD, Total Solids (TS and Total Volatile Solids (TVS were 1806, 1810 and 1240 mg.L-1. The removal efficiencies were 84, 58 and 73 %, respectively. The system presented good stability and buffering conditions, and also a good solids digestibility, showing that the research criteria adopted was adequate, mainly those parameters referred to the HRT, Volumetric Organic Loading Rate (VOLR and temperature.

The technical feasibility of uranium enrichment for nuclear bomb construction at the parallel nuclear program plant

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rosa, L.P.

1990-01-01

It is discussed the hole of the Parallel Nuclear Program is Brazil and the feasibility of uranium enrichment for nuclear bomb construction. This program involves two research centers, one belonging to the brazilian navy and another to the aeronautics. Some other brazilian institutes like CTA, IPEN, COPESP and CETEX and also taking part in the program. (A.C.A.S.)

Proceedings of the 13. Workshop on Nuclear Physics in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1990-01-01

Theoretical and experimental studies on nuclear structure, nuclear matter, scattering, nuclear reactions, radioactive decay, nuclear properties and nuclear models are presented. Studies on radiation protection, radiation detectors, spectroscopy and elementary particles area also presented. (M.C.K.)

Planning the nuclear contribution to the Brazilian power program

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Barbalho, A. Rodrigues; Alves, R. Nazare; Pinto, C. Syllus M.; Souza Santos, T.D. de; Abrao, A.

1977-01-01

The thermo-electric power in Brazil accounts for less than 20% of the total generating capacity. Brazil's power is essentially generated hydraulically, which grants the growing development. The electric energy consumption keeps growing, with the annual average rate of 13%/year in the last five years. The present installed capacity is 20 000 MWe and the projections are: 35 000MWe, in 1980; 50 000 MWe in 1985; 75 000 MWe, in 1990 and 150 000 MWe, in 2 000. Most of the hydraulic resources are located in remote areas of the country, very far from the consumption centers. Under the agreement between the Federal Republic of Germany and Brazil (signed in June 1975), besides the nuclear power station, American made, under construction in Agra dos Reis, with a power capacity of 626 MWe, two more units, each one with 1 300 MWe capacity are to be erected at the same site, and planned to be in operation in 1982 and 1983. Several joint German-Brazilian companies will be established for reactor and fuel manufacture, in the country. The Brazilian state holding nuclear company, Empresas Nucleares Brasileiras S/A., NUCLEBRAS, will participate in the formation of all joint companies with at least 51% of capital investments. The Brazilian Government will spend 10 billion dollars (U.S.), during the agreement's duration, to make its industry stronger, to develop its technology and to reduce its dependence on energy imports. Brazil's target: full independence in nuclear technology (including reactor manufacture and complete fuel cycle) in about 15 years [es

A Corporate Social Responsibility Project to Improve the Democratization of Scientific Education in Brazil

OpenAIRE

Denise Levy

2016-01-01

Nuclear technology is part of our everyday life and its beneficial applications help to improve the quality of our lives. Nevertheless, in Brazil, most often the media and social networks tend to associate radiation to nuclear weapons and major accidents, and there is still great misunderstanding about the peaceful applications of nuclear science. The Educational Portal Radioatividades (Radioactivities) is a corporate social responsibility initiative that takes advantage of the growing impact...

Evaluation of residual activity of solid waste generated in nuclear medicine services of Porto Alegre - Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xavier, Ana M.; Alabarse, Frederico Gil; Magalhaes, Maisa Haiidamus; Guerrero, Jesus Salvador Perez

2008-01-01

An experimental programme to estimate, with a better degree of accuracy, the activity that remains adsorbed in flasks and syringes used in Nuclear Medicine Services for the administration of radionuclides to patients submitted to diagnostic or therapy was conducted under the coordination of the Radioactive Waste Division of the Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission. The adopted recommendation in Brazil to allow an expedite solid waste management in nuclear medicine facilities, up to the present, is to consider that 2% of the initial activity remains adsorbed in the solid waste, which easily allows the calculation of the storage time to achieve regulatory clearance levels by decay. This research evaluates 17 different kinds of radio pharmaceuticals and three radioisotopes: 99m Tc, 67 Ga and 201 Tl. Results obtained by means of a weighting method to estimate the residual mass in flasks show that the ratio of the mass of the liquid that remains in the solid waste to the mass of the empty flask is constant. This suggests that the residual activity depends on the initial activity concentration of radiopharmaceutical contained in each flask, as assumed by the regulatory body. Additionally, results obtained by determining the remaining activity in flasks, shortly after the injection of its radionuclides contents in patients, indicate that an average value for the residual activity of the order of 10% of the initial activity contained in the flasks or syringes can be adopted instead of the previously assumed 2%. It is suggested that the more conservative average value obtained in the present work for the activity that remains in flasks and syringes, that is, 10% of the initial activity, could be adopted to determine the decay storage time before the release of solid waste in the urban conventional land fill disposal system. (author)

National report of Brazil on nuclear safety convention - introduction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1998-01-01

This document was prepared for fulfilling the Brazilian obligations under the Convention on Nuclear Safety. Chapter 1 presents some historical aspects of the Brazilian nuclear policy, targets to be attained for increasing the nuclear energy contribution for the national production of electric energy

Establishment of anammox process in sludge samples collected from swine wastewater treatment system Estabelecimento do processo anammox a partir de lodo de sistema de tratamento de efluente da suinocultura

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Caroline G Casagrande

2011-12-01

Full Text Available The high load of nitrogen present in swine wastewater is one of the biggest management challenges of the activity. The Anammox process emerges as a good alternative for biological removal of nitrogen. This study aims to acclimate sludge collected from swine effluent treatment systems to establish the Anammox process. Two sludge samples were collected at Embrapa Swine and Poultry, Concordia - SC, Brazil, one from the bottom of an inactive anaerobic pond (inoculum A and another from an aeration tank (inoculum B. Both were acclimated until the depletion of NO3-N, being subsequently inoculated in two reactors (Reactor A - Inoculum A and Reactor B - Inoculum B. The Reactor A showed activity after 110 days of operation, while the Reactor B needed 170 days. The difference in the start-up time could be explained by the different environmental conditions to which each sludge was submitted. FISH and PCR analyses confirmed the presence of microorganisms with Anammox activity, demonstrating that the sludge of swine wastewater treatment systems is a good source of inoculum for the development of the Anammox process.A elevada carga de nitrogênio presente em efluentes da suinocultura é um dos maiores desafios de manejo da atividade. O processo Anammox surge como boa alternativa para a remoção biológica desse nutriente. Este trabalho teve como objetivo aclimatar diferentes amostras de lodos de sistemas de tratamento de efluentes da suinocultura com vistas ao estabelecimento do processo Anammox. Dois inóculos foram coletados na Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia - SC, um dos quais no fundo de uma lagoa anaeróbia inativa (Inóculo A e o outro, em um tanque de aeração (Inóculo B. Ambos foram aclimatados até cessar o consumo de N-NO3- e, posteriormente, inoculados em dois reatores (Reator A - Inóculo A e Reator B - Inóculo B. O Reator A apresentou atividade, após aproximadamente 110 dias de operação, enquanto o Reator B precisou de aproximadamente

Brazilian nuclear programme - energy in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lima, J.O.V.

1988-01-01

The brazilian energetic model, highly dependent of petroleum, have been changed in the sense to adopt diversified and regionalized solutions. This paper describes the role and the perspective of the nuclear energy in this context. (M.I.)

Chemical correlations in Caetite (BA) region, Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gennari, R.F.; Almeida, Geangela M.; Souza, S.O.

2013-01-01

Brazil's economic situation is responsible for an urgent demand for energy. There are several ways to generate energy, in some localities of our country, energy generation occurs almost exclusively by nuclear route, as in Rio de Janeiro state. Brazil has the sixth largest reserve of the uranium ore in the world. Nowadays there is only one mine under exploration (Uraniferous District of Lagoa Real - Caetite-BA). Unfortunately, nuclear power generation is better known, by common citizen, more for its unwanted effects than for its benefits. This fact is also powered by some Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), such as Greenpeace, who claim the uranium mine is dangerous since it causes environmental contamination. However, Industrias Nucleares do Brasil (INB) rejected these accusations. In a previous study, we demonstrated that doses of the Caetite (BA) population are consistent with those usually found in other countries. We stated also the higher concentration of 238 U determined, in only one water sample, is probably due to natural processes, as soil leaching. In order to verify the existing natural processes, macro and micro chemical elements present in water and soil samples collected in the Caetite (BA) region were determined by ICP-MS. The results were transformed into dendrograms where chemical correlations are evidenced and they are consistent with existing natural chemical processes. It was also possible to observe a correlation between samples corroborating with the Geographic Information Systems data to be presented in this same scientific event. (author)

Chemical correlations in Caetite (BA) region, Brazil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gennari, R.F., E-mail: rgennari@usp.br [Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil). Inst. de Fisica. Dept. de Fisica Nuclear; Campos, S.S., E-mail: simaracampos@gmail.com [Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), Itapetinga, BA, (Brazil); Almeida, Geangela M.; Souza, S.O., E-mail: susanasouzalalic@gmail.com [Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Sao Cristovao, SE (Brazil). Dept. de Fisica

2013-07-01

Brazil's economic situation is responsible for an urgent demand for energy. There are several ways to generate energy, in some localities of our country, energy generation occurs almost exclusively by nuclear route, as in Rio de Janeiro state. Brazil has the sixth largest reserve of the uranium ore in the world. Nowadays there is only one mine under exploration (Uraniferous District of Lagoa Real - Caetite-BA). Unfortunately, nuclear power generation is better known, by common citizen, more for its unwanted effects than for its benefits. This fact is also powered by some Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), such as Greenpeace, who claim the uranium mine is dangerous since it causes environmental contamination. However, Industrias Nucleares do Brasil (INB) rejected these accusations. In a previous study, we demonstrated that doses of the Caetite (BA) population are consistent with those usually found in other countries. We stated also the higher concentration of {sup 238}U determined, in only one water sample, is probably due to natural processes, as soil leaching. In order to verify the existing natural processes, macro and micro chemical elements present in water and soil samples collected in the Caetite (BA) region were determined by ICP-MS. The results were transformed into dendrograms where chemical correlations are evidenced and they are consistent with existing natural chemical processes. It was also possible to observe a correlation between samples corroborating with the Geographic Information Systems data to be presented in this same scientific event. (author)

A new scenery for nuclear energy at Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vieira, Wilson J.; Menezes, Artur; Claro, Luiz H.; Urbina, Ligia M. Soto

1999-01-01

In a not so distant future, nuclear energy will substitute other forms of electric energy generation. In this work it is shown that recent factors around the world, that is, globalization, the need for technological innovation, quality programs, and the need to stop devastation of the planet by human activity is promoting a change in attitude of the population in respect to nuclear energy. A new public opinion is rising in a world which comes to the end of the millennium in the middle of a scientific and technological revolution, as important as the 1500 s discoveries or the French revolution. These facts reveal a historical moment to boost nuclear energy development. The reasons for this assumption are: the rise in scientific and technological activities promoted by the competition between countries to gain positions in production an exportation of goods and services with aggregate technology; the public acceptation of nuclear energy which is now considered as the most proper option to stop the environment damage caused by fossil fuels; the generalization of nuclear applications. These reasons prove the need of the human being to know and utilize the most complex phenomena of Nature to proceed in the road of its own evolution. (author)

Radiometric analysis performed by the Environment Monitoring Service from IPEN (Institute of Energy and Nuclear Research), Brazil, between 1988 and 1991; Analises radiometricas realizadas pelo Servico de Monitoracao Ambiental do IPEN de 1988 a 1991

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Venturini, L; Nisti, M B; Pecequilo, B R.S.

1993-03-01

This report presents the radiometric analyses made by the Environmental Monitoring Service from the Institute of Energy and Nuclear Research (IPEN), Brazil, in the period 1988-1991. The experimental procedures, the products analysed and their respective quantities are described. (F.E.). 11 refs, 3 tabs.

Results of solid state nuclear track detector technique application in radon detection, by alpha particles tracks, for uranium prospecting in Caetite (BA-Brazil)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Moraes, M.A.P.V. de; Khouri, M.T.F.C.

1988-11-01

The solid state nuclear track detector technique has been used in radon detection, by alpha particles tracks for uranium prospecting on the ground in Caetite city (Bahia-Brazil). The sensitive film to alpha particles used were CA 8015 exposed during 15 days and the results of three anomalies of this region are showed in a form of maps, made with the density of tracks obtained, and were compared with scintillation counter measurements. The technique showed to be simple and an effective auxiliary for the prospection of uranium ore bodies. The initial uranium exploration costs can be reduced by using this technique. (author) [pt

Nuclear reactors project optimization based on neural network and genetic algorithm; Otimizacao em projetos de reatores nucleares baseada em rede neural e algoritmo genetico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pereira, Claudio M.N.A. [Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear (IEN), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Schirru, Roberto; Martinez, Aquilino S. [Universidade Federal, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Coordenacao dos Programas de Pos-graduacao de Engenharia

1997-12-01

This work presents a prototype of a system for nuclear reactor core design optimization based on genetic algorithms and artificial neural networks. A neural network is modeled and trained in order to predict the flux and the neutron multiplication factor values based in the enrichment, network pitch and cladding thickness, with average error less than 2%. The values predicted by the neural network are used by a genetic algorithm in this heuristic search, guided by an objective function that rewards the high flux values and penalizes multiplication factors far from the required value. Associating the quick prediction - that may substitute the reactor physics calculation code - with the global optimization capacity of the genetic algorithm, it was obtained a quick and effective system for nuclear reactor core design optimization. (author). 11 refs., 8 figs., 3 tabs.

The project of the submarine of nuclear propulsion under the optics of its protagonists: an historical analysis from Geisel to Lula 1974 - 2009

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Correa, Fernanda das Gracas

2009-01-01

This work is a historical analysis of the project of construction of the submarine of nuclear propulsion under the optics of the people who direct or had indirectly become involved themselves with it. Geisel undertook a more autonomous type of politics. The Europe started to be the strategical region for the acquisition of nuclear technology. The only favorable country transfer nuclear technology to Brazil was the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG). The idea to construct a nuclear submarine is product of the negotiations between authorities of Brazilian politics and political, diplomatical, scientific and business authorities of the FRG. In 1978, the engineer Othon Luiz Pinheiro da Silva came back to Brazil after completing his doctorate in nuclear technology in the MIT. Commander Othon developed the idea to construct a nuclear submarine in the Brazilian Navy. Due to the events in the national and in the international scenario, Geisel decided to construct the nuclear submarine, but he opted to allow the Brazilian Navy to lead this construction. Although Geisel sketched a project of naval nuclear propulsion, it was the project elaborated by commander Othon which became the nuclear project of the Brazilian Navy. In order to prevent international attention toward this work, Geisel guided it for the subversion. This way, the idea to construct a nuclear submarine ceases to belong to the Brazilian nuclear program to become parallel nuclear program. When Figueiredo became president he kept the diversification politics of partnerships, kept the nuclear Agreement Brazil-FRG in 1975 and kept the project of construction of a nuclear reactor. Figueiredo, after observing the performance of the English nuclear submarines in the south Atlantic and to perceive the real intentions of U.S.A. towards Brazil, Figueiredo decided to support politically and financially and the project of construction of the nuclear submarine. Despite all aversion that Figueiredo had in relation to

Methodological proposal for identification and evaluation of environmental aspects and impacts of nuclear facilities of IPEN, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil: a case study applied to the Nuclear Fuel Center

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mattos, Luis Antonio Terribile de

2013-01-01

This work presents an application of Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA) to the process of identification of environmental aspects and impacts as a part of implementation and maintenance of an Environmental Management System (EMS) in accordance with the NBR ISO 14001 standard. Also, it can contribute, as a complement, to the evaluation and improvement of safety of the installation focused. The study was applied to the Nuclear Fuel Center (CCN) of Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN), situated at the Campus of University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The CCN facility has the objective of promoting scientific research and of producing nuclear fuel elements for the IEA-R1 Research Reactor. To identify the environmental aspects of the facility activities, products, and services, a systematic data collection was carried out by means of personal interviews, documents, reports and operation data records consulting. Furthermore, the processes and their interactions, failure modes, besides their causes and effects to the environment, were identified. As a result of a careful evaluation of these causes it was possible to identify and to classify the major potential environmental impacts, in order to set up and put in practice an Environmental Management System for the installation under study. The results have demonstrated the validity of the FMEA application to nuclear facility processes, identifying environmental aspects and impacts, whose controls are critical to achieve compliance with the environmental requirements of the Integrated Management System of IPEN. It was demonstrated that the methodology used in this work is a powerful management tool for resolving issues related to the conformity with applicable regulatory and legal requirements of the Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission (CNEN) and the Brazilian Institute of Environment (IBAMA). (author)

International nuclear trade and nonproliferation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Potter, W.C.

1990-01-01

The purpose of this book, the culmination of one phase of an ongoing international research project on nuclear suppliers and nonproliferation, is to explore the international political and economic dimensions of nuclear trade, especially as they pertain to the behavior of eleven emerging nuclear-supplier states. More specifically, the book sets forth a conceptual framework for analyzing international nuclear trade; details the domestic and external factors that shape the nuclear export policies of Argentina, Brazil, India, Israel, Japan, Pakistan, the People's Republic of China, South Korea, South Africa, Spain and Taiwan; and identifies and assesses alternative strategies for containing the new proliferation risks posed by these emerging suppliers. The book also describes an innovative effort to utilize a computer-based system for tracking international nuclear trade

New national legislation on compensation of nuclear damage

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Guerra Machado de Faria, N.

1981-10-01

This paper describes the nuclear third party liability system within the Brazilian legal framework. Following some considerations regarding the development of nuclear energy it then focuses on the relationship between accident prevention and third party liability and on the political administrative framework related to the nuclar industry in Brazil. (NEA) [fr

Insurance and the nuclear energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Costa, M.P.R. da.

1981-01-01

The insurance is presented as a way to offer the guarantees to the reparing of the nuclear energy damages, enphasizing the adoption of the associations and pools system in Brazil, since the coverings envolved are very high. (A.L.) [pt

Estimation of metal pollutant loads from Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (Brazil)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Marques, Joyce R.; Monteiro, Lucilena R.; Soares, Sabrina M.V.; Stellato, Thamiris B.; Silva, Tatiane B.S.C.; Silva, Douglas B. da; Faustino, Mainara G.; Pires, Maria A.F.; Cotrim, Marycel E.B., E-mail: joyce.marques@usp.br [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

2015-07-01

According to National Environmental Council's (CONAMA) Resolution 357/05, pollutant load can be defined as the amount of a particular pollutant released in receiving water body; it is commonly expressed in a mass-time ratio. As specified in CONAMA's Resolution 430/11, the responsible for the pollutant source must present the Pollutant Load Declaration to environmental authorities. However, pollutant load knowledge is also important to the water quality maintenance and its environmental rating that must be kept to meet the requirements of the most restrictive use. In the control of metals releases is also important due public health matters, since they can cause harmful environmental contamination and major public health issues. Therefore this work aims to present the estimated metal pollutant load released by Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN/CNEN - Brazil), between 2013 and 2014. Results of cadmium, lead, copper, chromium, zinc, nickel, manganese, iron, barium, silver, boron and tin in composite samples (weekly) via Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) and bromide (Br-) released as a tracer, to measure the wastewater flow were used to estimate IPEN's Metal Pollutant load. This study is part of the environmental assessment Program at IPEN, instituted since 2006 to the attendance of the current environmental legislation (CONAMA's Resolution 430/11, Article 19-A of State Decree 8.468/76 and State Decree 15.425/80). (author)

Agreement of 13 December 1991 between the Republic of Argentina, the Federative Republic of Brazil, the Brazilian-Argentine Agency for Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials and the International Atomic Energy Agency for the application of safeguards

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2000-01-01

The document reproduces the text of the Exchange of Letters concerning an agreement with the Federative Republic of Brazil in connection with the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean. The agreement reflected in the Exchange of Letters was approved by the Board of Governors on 20 September 1999, and entered into force on that date

Avaliação do processo de tratamento biológico de águas residuárias sanitária e industrial em sistema combinado com reator biológico de contato seguido de filtro aerado submerso

OpenAIRE

Hércules Antonio de Oliveira

2010-01-01

Este estudo apresenta os resultados da operação de uma planta piloto de tratamento biológico para águas residuárias, em testes realizados em duas fases de estudo, sendo a primeira relacionada com a operação de um reator biológico de contato (RBC) e a segunda com a operação em sistema combinado, com um biofiltro aerado submerso (BAS) à jusante do RBC. As unidades RBC e BAS foram ensaiadas no tratamento de esgoto sanitário. A vazão média de alimentação foi de 82,9 Lh-1, e vazão de recirculação ...

Extreme meteorological events and nuclear facilities safety; Fenomenos meteorologicos extremos e a seguranca das instalacoes nucleares

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Almeida, Patricia Moco Princisval

2006-07-01

An External Event is an event that originates outside the site and whose effects on the Nuclear Power Plants (NPP) should be considered. Such events could be of natural or human induced origin and should be identified and selected for design purposes during the site evaluation process. This work shows that the subtropics and mid latitudes of South America east of the Andes Mountain Range have been recognized as prone to severe convective weather. In Brazil, the events of tornadoes are becoming frequent; however there is no institutionalized procedure for a systematic documentation of severe weather. The information is done only for some scientists and by the newspapers. Like strong wind can affect the structural integrity of buildings or the pressure differential can affect the ventilation system, our concern is the safety of NPP and for this purpose the recommendations of International Atomic Energy Agency, Nuclear Regulatory Commission and Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear are showed and also a data base of tornadoes in Brazil is done. (author)

Report on research in progress in the nuclear structure, dynamics area

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kodama, T.

1982-01-01

The experimental and theoretical studies related to the nuclear dynamics, actually done by the nuclear physical groups in Brazil, are reported. A qualitative division of the several aspects concerning to this subject is shown. (L.C.) [pt

The nuclear agreement with Germany in the context of Brazilian 'model' and the crisis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rosa, L.P.; Pires, R.L.N.F.

1984-01-01

The Brazilian Nuclear Program is discussed in the context of the so-called Brazilian 'model' which conditions the industrial and technological structure of Brazil. The relations between the Brazilian private industry, the Brazilian state industry and the foreign multinational industry in the nuclear agreement Brazil - Germany are indicated. The economic crisis, the 'energy crisis', the mistakes of the nuclear program, the political fight for the revision of the agreement, the present situation and the problems of technological transfer are also discussed. Some alternatives are suggested for NUCLEBRAS. In an annex, comments are made on the question of Brazilian reactors safety. The so-called system of Protection to the Nucleare Program is also mentioned. (I. de C.R.) [pt

Specific defences to the liability of a nuclear operator for damages resulting from a nuclear incident

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schwartz, J.A.; Cunningham, G.H.

1988-01-01

This paper reviews the cases in which the nuclear operator may be partly or totally exonerated from his liability for a nuclear accident (insurrection, civil war, exceptional natural disasters, intentional act of the victim, etc.) under the Paris and Vienna Conventions and national laws. The laws of the countries reviewed are the following: United States, Japan, Canada, United Kingdom, Brazil, Belgium, the Federal Republic of Germany, France (NEA) [fr

Keeping the lid on nuclear arms

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Milhollin, G.; Weeks, J.

1991-01-01

In November 1990 Brazil and Argentina agreed not to produce nuclear weapons and to allow mutual inspections of their secret nuclear sites. This exciting move towards nuclear arms control may form the basis of a model of international inspection which other countries may seek to follow. However, neither country will yet unconditionally accept the verification scale proposed by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The IAEA seeks to ensure that civilian nuclear materials are not diverted for military use. Military authorities in both countries oppose the plan. It is anticipated that existing difficulties will be overcome. (UK)

The licensing procedure for construction and operation of nuclear power plants

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Salvatore, J.E.L.

1980-03-01

The licensing procedure for the construction and operation of the nuclear power plants in Brazil is analysed, according to the International Atomic Energy Agency orientation. The risks related to the nuclear energy is also emphasized. (A.L.) [pt

Status of food irradiation in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kikuchi, O.K.

1996-01-01

Research on food irradiation in Brazil started in 1968 at the Center of Nuclear Energy for Agriculture (CENA), Piracicaba, Sao Paulo. At the Institute of Nuclear and Energy Research (IPEN-CNEN/SP), Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, research on detection of irradiated foods is in progress. In 1973, the Brazilian government established a regulation about food irradiation. Nowadays, the products authorized to be irradiated are: rice, poultry, fish and fish products, potatoes, onions, avocados, persimmons, pineapples, wheat flour, maize, beans, spices, tomatoes, guavas, oranges, lemons, strawberries, mangoes, melons and papayas. The other recommended products to be approved in the future are: acerolas, apples, beans (dose > 1 kGy), beef, blueberries, cherries, cheeses, coffee, figs, fresh guaranas, garlics, grapefruits, grapes, mushrooms, nuts and pork. Today, there is only one commercial facility for irradiation services in the country, the Empresa Brasileira de Radiacoes Ltda. (EMBRARAD). This company operates a Nordion JS-7500 irradiator, with a present activity of about 1,000 kCi, designed for sterilizing medical devices. It also irradiates spices, dried foods, gemstones, cosmetics, wood and raw materials for pharmaceuticals. The plant operates 24 hours a day and the spices and dried foods represent 15% of the business. Powder of guarana seeds is irradiated also for exportation. There are two other commercial facilities for radiation sterilization in Brazil, operating exclusively for their own production. (J.P.N.)

Improvements in the nuclear accident response system in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Estrada, J.J.S.; Azevedo, E.M.; Knofel, T.M.J.; Recio, J.C.A.; Alves, R.N.

1998-01-01

The National Commission on Nuclear Energy has been making outstanding effort to improve its nuclear and radiological accident response systems since the tragic accident in Goiania. Most of this effort is related to nuclear area although the radiological accident has been also considered. This paper describes the improvements in the CNEN response system structure, discusses several topics involving those related to emergency planning and preparedness, and points out some deficiencies that need to be corrected also. The situation during the Goiania accident was more disadvantageous than nowadays, so it is believed that none of the actual deficiencies are sufficient to guess that the population and the environment will not be protected in case of a nuclear or radiological accident

Licensing procedures in Brazil and in the Federal Republic of Germany

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Costa Lima, W.A. da.

1974-01-01

The procedures for the licensing of nuclear power plants in Brazil and in the Federal Republic of Germany are described. The juridical situation, the administrative praxis and comparative aspects are discussed. Suggestions are made for the improvement of licensing procedures in both countries. (I.C.R.) [pt

Computer systems for nuclear installation data control

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1987-09-01

The computer programs developed by Divisao de Instalacoes Nucleares (DIN) from Brazilian CNEN for data control on nuclear installations in Brazil are presented. The following computer programs are described: control of registered companies, control of industrial sources, irradiators and monitors; control of liable person; control of industry irregularities; for elaborating credence tests; for shielding analysis; control of waste refuge [pt

Dose rate received by Pernambuco population due to nuclear medicine exams between 2000-2004

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Araujo, A.R.; Khoury, H.J.

2008-01-01

This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic procedures using in Nuclear medicine of the State of Pernambuco, a state located in northeastern Brazil, from 2000 to 2004 in order to provide subsidies to establish the reference levels in Brazil

Modelling of critical functions of nuclear reactors using Fild Programmable Gate Array; Modelagem de funcoes criticas de reatores nucleares utilizando Fild Programmable Gate Array

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Teixeira, Pamela Iara Nolasco

2016-07-01

This paper proposes the development of a method using FPGA for critical security functions of a nuclear reactor. It was implemented two critical safety functions in VHDL, which is a way to describe, through a program, the behavior of a circuit or digital component. Two critical security functions, FCS Core Cooling, responsible for cooling the reactor core in the charts of the plant and also in the event of accidents involving loss of coolant and FCS Heat Transfer, responsible for cooling the reactor core in the event an accident with loss of coolant were implemented. In this Dissertation it was chosen the use of FPGA, because - due to the effects of aging, obsolescence issues, environmental degradation and mechanical failures - nuclear power plants need to replace their older systems by new ones based on digital technology. The technologies obtained using a system described in hardware language can be implemented in a programmable device, having the advantage of changing the code at any time. (author)

Nuclear security in major public events: the XV Pan American Games and the III Para-Pan American Games in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mello, Luiz A. de; Monteiro Filho, Joselio S.; Belem, Lilia M.J.; Torres, Luiz F.B.

2009-01-01

The organization of a major public event involving large numbers of spectators and participants, presents important security challenges. Taking this into consideration, the Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission (CNEN) has been requested, by the National Secretary of Public Security/ Ministry of Justice (SENASP/MJ), by the end of 2006, to participate on the security actions to be implemented in both the XV Pan American Games and III Para Pan American Games. The XV Pan American Games 2007 and the III Para Pan American Games were held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil from 13 to 29 July 2007 and from 12 to 19 August 2007, respectively. Those events had 8700 participants between athletes, coaches and referees from 42 countries. More than 300 competition events were held at 17 different venues and were covered by 4910 professionals from TV, radio and written press. Around 2 million tickets have been sold or distributed and 18,000 volunteers participated on the organization. The participation of CNEN was concentrated on the implementation of specific nuclear and radiological security measures to be applied at those events. This was part of a multi-institutional plan for the security of the Games, coordinated by the National Secretary of Public Security of the Ministry of Justice (SENASP/MJ). The support provided by IAEA under a Cooperation Arrangement with the Brazilian authorities was a key factor for the success of the whole operation. The actions taken and the lessons identified by the Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission related to nuclear and radiological security for the Pan American Games and for the Para Pan American Games are presented. (author)

The brazilian nuclear submarine dossier: Navy's priority and its application

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rosa, L.P.

1990-01-01

This work discusses the feasibility of the brazilian nuclear submarine. It is related to navy's remodeling and is considered as a priority. It would bring Brazil closer to developed countries. It considers the slip, itself, the weapon's system as well as the nuclear propulsion. (author)

The emerging nuclear suppliers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dunn, L.A.

1990-01-01

Since the early 1980s, a growing amount of attention has been paid to a small group of mostly developing countries that have come to be called the emerging nuclear suppliers. Argentina and Brazil, China and South Korea, India and Pakistan, Spain and Yugoslavia have frequently been mentioned in this category. Their actual and potential nuclear export dealings and policies have been the subject of academic writings and policy papers, of scholarly symposia and exchanges at meetings of the traditional nuclear suppliers. With foundation and other support, UCLA's Center for International and Strategic Affairs has begun a major project to develop a database on the transactions, policies, and export control institutions of the emerging suppliers. This chapter provides some guidelines for policy toward the emerging nuclear suppliers

Communication received from the Resident Representatives of Argentina and Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1993-01-01

The document reproduces the communication received by the Director General from the Resident Representatives of Argentina and Brazil to the Agency to inform him about the official inauguration on 9 December 1992 of the headquarters of the Brazilian-Argentine Agency for Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials (ABACC) in Rio de Janeiro

Annual report 1999 - Brazil Nuclear Industry (INB)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2000-01-01

This document presents the 1999 annual report covering the following activities: nuclear fuel, resources and application, ISO 9001, environment social activities, personnel, financial indicators, and countability

Program of nuclear techniques application (triennial 88-89-90)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1988-01-01

A real analysis of the potentiality and the possibility from Nuclear Energetic Research Institute (IPEN) Sao Paulo, Brazil in realize the researches and developments for offering specialized services of nuclear techniques for using in bioengineering, industry, isotope production, IEA-R1 reactor irradiation and radiation detectors and sensors are described. (author)

The internationalization of nuclear industry: state and capital in atomic relations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ferreira Junior, Evaristo Santiago

1986-03-01

This paper analyzes the causes and scope of the nuclear energy diffusion process in the capitalist world. It also aims at explaining Brazil's role in this process. The study contemplates two main concepts that are, here, considered to be driving and directing vectors: the World Capital and the Capitalist State. According to the expanded reproduction logic, World Capital forms the world nuclear productive subsystem, which commands and directs, in this process, hundreds (or thousands) of productive units, regardless of their geographical location, nationality or capital control. Thru the utilization of available public intervention tools, the Capitalist state has favored the formation of the world nuclear productive subsystem, thus guiding the accumulation process in the interior of this system. Therefore, the conclusion of the Nuclear Cooperation Agreement between Brazil and Germany and the resultant establishment of the Brazilian Nuclear Program (following the authoritarian model of public administration), is well fitted in the general dynamics of subordination/articulation of the Brazilian economy to the world economy and, particularly, to the world nuclear productive subsystem. (author)

Critical evaluation of the external occupational exposure in nuclear medicine services in Brazil; Avaliacao critica da exposicao ocupacional externa nos servicos de medicina nuclear no Brasil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kubo, Ana Luiza Silva Lima

2016-07-01

Currently in Brazil (2016), there are 421 Nuclear Medicine Services (NMS). In nuclear medicine, the possibility of occupational internal contamination and external exposure is unavoidable. The chest individual monitoring, to estimate the effective dose, is mandatory, but the extremity monitoring is not always made. The aim of this study was to conduct a survey of data for external exposure of NMS professionals in Brazil from 1987 to 2010, analysing them in terms of trends and comparing them with measurements carried out in this work and in other countries. Although most of the NMS is still located in large urban centres (54% in the Southeast region), there is no state without any NMS. The increasing number of NMS has generated the need for more professionals. In the year 1987, they were 755 workers and, in 2010, 4134, with the following distribution of specialties: 29% of Nuclear Medicine Technicians (NMT), 23% of Nursing professionals, 29% of Physicians and 3% of Physicists. The average annual effective dose reached more than 3.0 mSv in some regions of the country, from 1987 to 2010, but tends to 1.0 mSv in 2010. The highest doses, as expected, are received by NMT and Nursing. The professionals who handle radiopharmaceuticals have their hands much more exposed than the chest. During 2010, only 31% of NMT and 16% of Nursing used extremity dosimeters as compared to chest dosimeters. The data from the measurements indicate that not all individual dosimeters are used properly. Generally, both in the measurements as in national registries, the hand doses were higher for professionals who prepared the radiopharmaceutical (NMT) than those who injected (Nursing). The value measured by chest dosimeters can be used to estimate the equivalent dose to the eye lenses, except for NMT at preparation practices at conventional NMS, where the equivalent dose of the lens is about 2 times higher than the dose at the chest. The most exposed areas of the hands are the tips of the index

Planning and implementation of nuclear research programmes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lopes, J.L.

1986-01-01

The planning and implementation of nuclear research programmes in developed and developing countries is discussed. The main aspects of these programmes in USA, France, Japan, India and Brazil are reported. (M.W.O.) [pt

PREFACE: XXXVI Symposium on Nuclear Physics (Cocoyoc 2013)

Science.gov (United States)

Barrón-Palos, Libertad; Morales-Agiss, Irving; Martínez-Quiroz, Enrique

2014-03-01

logo The XXXVI Symposium on Nuclear Physics, organized by the Division of Nuclear Physics of the Mexican Physical Society, took place from 7-10 January, 2013. As it is customary, the Symposium was held at the Hotel Hacienda Cocoyoc, in the state of Morelos, Mexico. Conference photograph This international venue with many years of tradition was attended by outstanding physicists, some of them already regulars to this meeting and others who joined us for the first time; a total of 45 attendees from different countries (Argentina, Brazil, Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Mexico and the United States). A variety of topics related to nuclear physics (nuclear reactions, radioactive beams, nuclear structure, fundamental neutron physics, sub-nuclear physics and nuclear astrophysics, among others) were presented in 26 invited talks and 10 contributed posters. Local Organizing Committee Libertad Barrón-Palos (IF-UNAM)) Enrique Martínez-Quíroz (ININ)) Irving Morales-Agiss (ICN-UNAM)) International Advisory Committee Osvaldo Civitarese (UNLP, Argentina) Jerry P Draayer (LSU, USA)) Alfredo Galindo-Uribarri (ORNL, USA)) Paulo Gomes (UFF, Brazil)) Piet Van Isacker (GANIL, France)) James J Kolata (UND, USA)) Reiner Krücken (TRIUMF, Canada)) Jorge López (UTEP, USA)) Stuart Pittel (UD, USA)) W Michael Snow (IU, USA)) Adam Szczepaniak (IU, USA)) Michael Wiescher (UND, USA)) A list of participants is available in the PDF

The nuclear inspections in Brazil and a french public urinal

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Silva, Othon L.P. da

2004-01-01

The article approaches the political aspects concerning to the nuclear energy, specifically the commercial contracts with Germany for acquisition of nuclear power plants and the entire nuclear fuel cycle, and the considerations of the IAEA

Paradox place by nuclear sector discourse line; Lugar de paradoxos pelos caminhos discursivos do setor nuclear

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pereira, Iona Ponce [Centro Regional de Ciencias Nucleares (CRCN), Recife, PE (Brazil)]. E-mail: iona@cnen.gov.br

2002-07-01

This article, taking into consideration the Critical Discourse Analysis and the French Discourse Analysis, examines the relationship between the public image and the acceptance of nuclear energy and the discourse and arguments commonly employed by the nuclear institutions, in Brazil, in favor of a widespread use of nuclear energy by the society. In doing so, the article discusses aspects such as the social memory, intertextuality and image construction and shows that the pro-nuclear arguments and the discourse produced by the institutions of the nuclear sector, in its essence, carries much of the ideas and concepts frequently utilized by the anti-nuclear entities. This fact, instead of providing a positive view, or even a correct understanding of the nuclear area, reinforces the negative image of nuclear energy witch is reflected in its public acceptance by the society. (author)

Nuclear threshold countries in the Third World. Nukleare Schwellenlaender in der Dritten Welt

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stahl, K. (FEST, Heidelberg (Germany))

1990-08-01

The article analyses the nuclear-technological capacities and the danger of nuclear weapons proliferation in the six nuclear threshold countries: Argentina, Brazil, India, Pakistan, Israel and South Africa. All six states have developed sensitive nuclear facilities that are not covered by IAEA-safeguards. The risk of nuclear proliferation in Argentina and Brazil is considered at present as non-existent. The economic and especially the nuclear cooperation between the two states and the mutual visits of the unsafeguarded nuclear facilities has promoted a process of confidence building and political detente between them. The risk of nuclear weapons proliferation in the Middle East is considered high. It is estimated that Israel already has built up a nuclear weapons arsenal. The growing political influence of nationalistic groups in India and Pakistan, that favour a course of confrontation between the two states, have augmented the risk of nuclear proliferation in both states. South Africa is economically and militarily clearly dominating its black ruled neighbours. The Apartheid-regime is at present negociating with the nuclear weapons states about its adherence to the NPT, but demands political, economic and military concessions in exchange for its adherence to the treaty. (orig./HSCH).

Nuclear policy in the conflict of interests

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wilker, L.

1980-01-01

The 5 articles in this book deal with the nuclear policies of the USA, of Brazil and of the Federal Republic of Germany and with the function of the international nuclear organisations. The main problem at present, it is said, is not the delivery of nuclear weapons to other countries, but the selling of nuclear systems and technologies and the possibilities of applying them in the production of nuclear weapons by the receiving country. This, the author says, is not being really paid attention to by the public. The articles have the aim of awakening public interest in these problems and of showing how national nuclear policies and international nuclear organisations can support or hinder the political aim of nonproliferation of nuclear weapons. (HSCH) [de

The Perspective of Small and Medium Size Nuclear Power Reactors in the Brazilian Isolated Electricity Grids

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Moutinho dos Santos, E.

1998-01-01

As a consequence of the international crisis that has shaken the nuclear industry almost all over the world during the late 1980s, new academic contributions, which could settle a new basis for the nuclear energy in Brazil, have been scarce. This paper aims to partially fulfill this gap. We discuss some perspectives for the nuclear option to regain some prominence in the Brazilian energy matrix. Recent developments in the nuclear industry, including advances in plant design, have been opening interesting markets for small and medium nuclear power reactors (SMNPRs). We access the suitability and feasibility of such new technology in the Brazilian isolated electricity grids. We conclude by saying that, although the difficulties are still huge, SMNPRs may be a good strategy for Brazil to revitalize its nuclear policy. (author)

Psychological consequences caused by nuclear terrorism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Peyankov, I.

2009-01-01

The psychological consequences caused by eventual nuclear terrorist act are believed to be some of the most: serious. in this article are presented the issues concerning psychological effects as psychological suffering, alteration of risk estimation, changes of individual and social behavior, etc. The most common psychological consequences as a result of the most popular large-scale nuclear accidents in Chernobyl, TMI (USA), Goiania (Brazil) are described. Some of the main factors, such as sex, age, health status, social status and etc, are analyzed. These factors determine the expression of psychological reactions provoked by nuclear accidents or eventual act of nuclear terrorism. In addition, the main precautions to cope with psychological consequences caused by nuclear terrorism are listed

Nuclear warning: the dangerous obscure arguments. Is the History repeating again?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zylbersztajn, D.; Bernini, E.J.

1993-01-01

Some considerations about the continuity of Angra-2 Nuclear Power Plant building are presented, with a warning by the authors to the environment and human dangers involved. The real cost and investments for nuclear power in Brazil are also described. (C.G.C.)

Economic assessment of the IRIS reactor for deployment in Brazil using INPRO methodology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Goncalves Filho, Orlando Joao Agostinho

2009-01-01

This paper presents the main results of the evaluation of the economic competitiveness of the International Reactor Innovative and Secure (IRIS) for deployment in Brazil using the assessment methodology developed under the International Project on Innovative Nuclear Reactors and Fuel Cycles (INPRO), co-ordinated by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). INPRO was initiated in 2001 and has the main objective of helping to ensure that nuclear energy will be available to contribute in a sustainable manner to the energy needs of the 21st century. Among its missions are the development of a methodology to assess innovative nuclear energy systems (INS) on a global, regional and national basis, and to facilitate the co-operation among IAEA Member States for planning the development and deployment of INS. Brazil joined INPRO since its beginning and in 2005 submitted a proposal for the screening assessment of two small-sized integral-type PWR reactors as alternative components of an INS completed with a conventional open nuclear fuel cycle based on enriched uranium. This paper outlines the rationale and the main results of the economic assessment of the IRIS-based INS completed in August 2008. The study concluded that IRIS reference design satisfies most of INPRO criteria in the area of economics. (author)

The nuclear energy, public opinion and the awareness of work of nuclear institutions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pastura, Valeria; Mol, Antonio Carlos de A.; Legey, Ana Paula; Lapa, Celso Marcelo F.

2015-01-01

With Brazil facing a prospect of expanding its nuclear-energy sources and the development of new nuclear techniques there is a need for imminent integration in the nuclear industry with the tool information. In this paper we propose the creation of a program aimed at the servers of the institutions that make up the Brazilian Nuclear Sector, with a view to preparing these to become multipliers in the dissemination of activities developed by the institution so that they can, with strong arguments, defending the work of industry criticism of this form of energy. The goal is to create an important process of change of mentality and attitude among people who relate to the servers in the industry, expanding the debate on the subject, so that society, clearly and free of prejudices can understand the benefits the use of nuclear energy. (author)

The nuclear energy, public opinion and the awareness of work of nuclear institutions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pastura, Valeria; Mol, Antonio Carlos de A.; Legey, Ana Paula; Lapa, Celso Marcelo F., E-mail: vpastura@ien.gov.br, E-mail: mol@ien.gov.br, E-mail: analegey@hotmail.com, E-mail: lapa@ien.gov.br [Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear (IEN/CNEN-RJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Programa de Pos-graduacao em Ciencia e Tecnologia Nucleares

2015-07-01

With Brazil facing a prospect of expanding its nuclear-energy sources and the development of new nuclear techniques there is a need for imminent integration in the nuclear industry with the tool information. In this paper we propose the creation of a program aimed at the servers of the institutions that make up the Brazilian Nuclear Sector, with a view to preparing these to become multipliers in the dissemination of activities developed by the institution so that they can, with strong arguments, defending the work of industry criticism of this form of energy. The goal is to create an important process of change of mentality and attitude among people who relate to the servers in the industry, expanding the debate on the subject, so that society, clearly and free of prejudices can understand the benefits the use of nuclear energy. (author)

The right and development: the nuclear right

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Coimbra, Guilhermina Lavos.

1986-02-01

The author analyses some juridical instruments signed among Brazil and his commercial partners in the nuclear field: the way as it has been reflected and it has modeled the Brazilian Nuclear Program - BNP. It is very much important a Nuclear Law/Bill of the Nuclear Rights directed to the uranium and the BNP defense. It is compared the Brazilian petroleum situation, before 1952, with the present uranium situation. It is purposed a Constitutional disposal, protecting the uranium and all the other nuclear strategic minerals state monopoly, to be inserted in the next Brazilian Constitution and the URANIOBRAS creation, similar to PETROBRAS. (author). 163 refs

Remoção de nitrogênio de água residuária de produção intensiva de tilápias com recirculação utilizando reator de leito fluidizado com circulação em tubos concêntricos

OpenAIRE

Sánchez Ortiz, Iván Andrés [UNESP

2009-01-01

O presente projeto de pesquisa avaliou o desempenho de remoção de nitrogênio num sistema de tratamento biológico das águas residuárias de produção intensiva de Tilápia Nilótica com recirculação utilizando decantador horizontal e um reator aeróbio de leito fluidizado com circulação em tubos concêntricos. Utilizou-se como material suporte carvão ativado granular com densidade aparente de 1,64g/cm3 e tamanho efetivo de 0,34mm numa concentração de 80g/L. Foram avaliadas as velocidades de circulaç...

Communication Received from the Permanent Mission of Brazil regarding Certain Member States' Guidelines for the Export of Nuclear Material, Equipment and Technology; Comunicacion recibida de la Mision Permanente del Brasil relativa a las directrices de ciertos Estados Miembros para la exportacion de materiales, equipos y tecnologia nucleares

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2008-07-16

The Agency has received a Note Verbale from the Permanent Mission of Brazil, dated 22 March 2007, in which it requests that the Agency circulate to all Member States a letter of 12 December 2006 from the Chairman of the Nuclear Suppliers Group, Ambassador Jose Artur Denot Medeiros, to the Director General, on behalf of the Governments of Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Republic of Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxemburg, Malta, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America, providing further information on those Governments' Guidelines for Nuclear Transfers [Spanish] El Organismo ha recibido una nota verbal de la Mision Permanente del Brasil, de fecha 22 de marzo de 2007, en la que le solicita que distribuya a todos los Estados Miembros una carta de 12 de diciembre de 2006 enviada al Director General por el Presidente del Grupo de Suministradores Nucleares, el Embajador Jose Artur Denot Medeiros, en nombre de los Gobiernos de Alemania, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belarus, Belgica, Brasil, Bulgaria, Canada, Croacia, China, Chipre, Dinamarca, Eslovaquia, Eslovenia, Espana, Estados Unidos de America, Estonia, Federacion de Rusia, Finlandia, Francia, Grecia, Hungria, Irlanda, Italia, Japon, Kazajstan, Letonia, Lituania, Luxemburgo, Malta, Noruega, Nueva Zelandia, Paises Bajos, Polonia, Portugal, Reino Unido de Gran Bretana e Irlanda del Norte, Republica Checa, Republica de Corea, Rumania, Sudafrica, Suecia, Suiza, Turquia y Ucrania, por la que se proporciona mas informacion sobre las Directrices de esos Gobiernos para las transferencias nucleares.

Holistic safety analysis for advanced nuclear power plants

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alvarenga, M.A.B.; Guimaraes, A.C.F.

1992-01-01

This paper reviews the basic methodology of safety analysis used in the ANGRA-I and ANGRA-II nuclear power plants, its weaknesses, the problems with public acceptance of the risks, the future of the nuclear energy in Brazil, as well as recommends a new methodology, HOLISTIC SAFETY ANALYSIS, to be used both in the design and licensing phases, for advanced reactors. (author)

Implementation of the Service for Radiological Emergency Response of CRCN-NE/CNEN-PE, Recife, PE, Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Menezes, Claudio J.M.

2005-01-01

In 1998, it was created in the Centro Regional de Ciencias Nucleares (CRCN-NE) - the Brazilian regional center of nuclear sciences -, Recife, PE, Brazil, the Service for Radiological Emergency Response with the objective of providing the population of Pernambuco and neighboring States a team of professionals specialized in emergency situations and radiological protection. This action has the purpose of decentralization of actions of the Brazilian National Nuclear Energy Commission (CNEN), an agency responsible for licensing and safety of radioactive sources in Brazil. With this study we can conclude that the settlement of SAER/CRCN came to meet initial expectations, having in the last years provided assistance in situations with suspected radioactive material and participated actively: with radioactive load simulation; of the Exercicio de Emergencia Aeronautica Completo (EXEAC) - an emergency simulated training in airports- from the Guararapes-Gilberto Freire Airport; trained, every two years, the services of emergency for accidents and participated in events of the area

Extreme meteorological events and nuclear facilities safety

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Almeida, Patricia Moco Princisval

2006-01-01

An External Event is an event that originates outside the site and whose effects on the Nuclear Power Plants (NPP) should be considered. Such events could be of natural or human induced origin and should be identified and selected for design purposes during the site evaluation process. This work shows that the subtropics and mid latitudes of South America east of the Andes Mountain Range have been recognized as prone to severe convective weather. In Brazil, the events of tornadoes are becoming frequent; however there is no institutionalized procedure for a systematic documentation of severe weather. The information is done only for some scientists and by the newspapers. Like strong wind can affect the structural integrity of buildings or the pressure differential can affect the ventilation system, our concern is the safety of NPP and for this purpose the recommendations of International Atomic Energy Agency, Nuclear Regulatory Commission and Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear are showed and also a data base of tornadoes in Brazil is done. (author)

Workplace and occupational health: The first metal evaluation using nuclear and analytical techniques in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Barros Correia Menezes, M.A. de; Vilhena Schayer Sabino, C. de; Melo Mattos, S.V. de; Santos Filho, S.; Diniz, E.

1998-01-01

Belo Horizonte, the capital of the State of Minas Gerais and its neighbourhood are the second industrial center of Brazil, concentrating many industries in several areas mainly metal refining and transformation. There are no registers about the level of metal concentration in the environmental air in the industry, nor even of the level of workers' contamination. The overall objective of this Project is to make a survey of the exposures to metals related to occupational diseases in galvanizing industry, which is responsible for the majority of occurrences of occupational diseases. The survey will be accomplished using as bio-indicators hair, nails, blood, urine, and individual air filters. These matrixes will indicate the incorporation of metals and the exposure level. The analytical techniques that will be applied are the neutron activation joined to related non nuclear analytical techniques, such as atomic absorption. (author)

Nuclear exportation and importation - the Brazilian situation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lavos Coimbra, G.

1986-01-01

The author proposes to set up a working group which should be responsible for the compilation of laws, procedures, and national policies for the nuclear importation and exportation in the supplying and receiving countries. Shared international views would simplify the flow of imports and exports between the countries. The author describes the different phases of exportation and importation of nuclear material are processed in her country, Brazil. (CW) [de

Protocol to suspend the application of safeguards pursuant to the Agreement of 26 February 1976 between the Agency, the Government of the Federative Republic of Brazil and the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany in the light of the provisions for the application of safeguards pursuant to the Quadripartite Safeguards Agreement between Argentina, Brazil, the Brazilian-Argentine Agency for the Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials and the IAEA

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1999-01-01

The document reproduces the text of the Protocol of 16 October 1998 suspending the application of safeguards under the Safeguards Agreement (INFCIRC/237) of 26 February 1976 between the Agency, Brazil and the Federal Republic of Germany in the light of the provisions for the application of safeguards pursuant to the Quadripartite Safeguards Agreement between the Agency, Brazil, the Brazilian-Argentine Agency for the Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials and the IAEA. The Protocol entered into force on 21 October 1999

Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) safety in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lederman, L.

1980-01-01

The multidisciplinary aspects of the activities involved in the nuclear power plant (NPP) licensing, are presented. The activities of CNEN's technical staff in the licensing of Angra-1 and Angra-2 power plants are shown. (E.G.) [pt

Nuclear weapons free zones

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stahl, K.

1990-01-01

The article analyses the concept and problems of the two nuclear weapons free zones in Latin America and in the South Pacific established by the Treaty of Tlatelolco and the Treaty of Rarotonga. So far the nuclear weapons states except China have refused to sign the additional protocols of the Treaties or have signed them only with considerable provisos. Therefore they don't fully recognize the nuclear weapons free status of those zones, or they don't recognize it at all. Both Treaties contain no provisions to regulate the transit of nuclear weapons through the zones. This allows de facto the stationing of nuclear weapons in the military bases of the US which are located within the nuclear weapons free zone of Latin America. The Treaty of Tlatelolco contains also the right of the states, party to the Treaty, to explode nuclear devices for peaceful purposes. Since peaceful and military nuclear explosions cannot be distinguished technically, this right could also undermine the nuclear weapons free status of the region. Important nuclear threshold countries like Argentina and Brazil have furthermore refrained from putting the Treaty into force. (orig.) [de

Cheralite quartzides in Itiuba mountains-Bahia, Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gorsky, E.; Gorsky, V.A.

1974-01-01

Quartzitic pebbles of anomalous radioactivity were found by the geologists of the 'Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear' of Brazil (CNEN) in November 1964 in the Vicinity of Santa Rosa, municipality of Jaguarari, Bahia. A radioactive anomaly of large extension was subsequently localized by scintilometric prospecting in February 1965 over precambrian quartzites on Morro do Barbosa (near Santa Rosa). Samples of the radioactive rocks were investigated by the Mineralogical-Petrographical Section of the CNEN. The results of the investigation are reported

A comparative neutron activation analysis study of common generic manipulated and reference medicines commercialized in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Leal, A.S.; Menezes, M.A.B.C.; Rodrigues, R.R.; Andonie, O.; Vermaercke, P.; Sneyers, L.

2008-01-01

In this work, a comparative study of neutron activation analysis (NAA) was performed by the nuclear institutes: CDTN/CNEN-Brazil, CCHEN-Chile and the SCK.CEN-Belgium aiming to investigate some generic, manipulated and reference medicines largely commercialized in Brazil. Some impurities such as: As, Ba, Br, Ce, Co, Cr, Eu, Fe, Hf, Sb, Sc, Sm, Ti and Zn were found, and the heterogeneity of the samples pointed out the lack of an efficient public system of quality control

Problems of nuclear power in developing countries

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Woite, G.

1978-01-01

The problems of nuclear power in developing countries are different in nature but not less severe than in industrialized countries. So far, only five developing countries with market economies (Argentina, India, Korea, Pakistan, Taiwan) have nuclear power plants in operation with a combined net output of 2.2 GWe. Nuclear projects with a total capacity of 15 GWe are under construction in these and four other developing countries in Asia and Latin America (Brazil, Iran, Mexico, Philippines). It is expected that most of the future nuclear power installed in developing countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America will be in these countries which have overcome some of the problems of nuclear power. (orig./RW) [de

Strategic management at IPEN - Institute of Nuclear and Energetic Research, S P, Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rodrigues, Claudio; Zouain, Desiree M.

2000-01-01

This panel presents an overview on the strategic management of the IPEN, S P, Brazil, with emphasis on the history, the main installations, the nature of the activities and training activities of the institute

Tratamento térmico de lodo anaeróbio com utilização do biogás gerado em reatores UASB: avaliação da autossustentabilidade do sistema e do efeito sobre a higienização e a desidratação do lodo Thermal treatment of anaerobic sludge utilizing biogas produced in UASB reactors: evaluation of system self-sustainability and the effect on sludge hygienization and dehydration

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eduardo Sales Machado Borges

2009-09-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho objetiva avaliar a eficiência do biogás gerado em reatores UASB como fonte de energia para higienização térmica do lodo excedente, atentando-se ainda para a autossustentabilidade do sistema e para a avaliação do desaguamento do lodo tratado termicamente. Foi desenvolvido em um aparato experimental em escala de demonstração constituído de reator UASB, reservatório de biogás, reator térmico e leitos de secagem. A autossustentabilidade foi verificada por meio de balanço térmico teórico e de testes experimentais de higienização térmica. Estes testes indicaram que o aproveitamento da energia térmica do biogás foi suficiente para aquecer o lodo em temperaturas de 55 a 65ºC, durante três a cinco horas, possibilitando a completa eliminação de ovos viáveis de helmintos. No entanto, o processo de desidratação se mostrou muito mais difícil para o lodo tratado termicamente.The objective of this research was to determine how effectively biogas produced in UASB reactors could be used as a source of heat for the thermal hygienization of excess anaerobic sludge, whether the system can operate on a self-sustained basis and how the dehydration of the thermally treated sludge behave. The experiments were conducted in a demonstration-scale setup comprising UASB reactor, biogas holder, thermal reactor and sludge drying beds. The self-sustainability of the system was evaluated by the systemâ€TMs theoretical thermal balance and by experimental hygienization tests. These tests indicated that the recovery of thermal energy from the biogas was sufficient to heat the sludge at temperatures in the range of 55 to 65ºC, for three to five hours, allowing the complete elimination of viable helminth eggs. However, the dehydration process showed to be much more difficult for the thermally treated sludge.

The civil design of the Angra Nuclear power plant, units 2 and 3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zuegel, L.C.; Diaz, B.E.; Cunha, M.T.

1988-01-01

The civil design of the Angra Nuclear Power Plant, Units 2 and 3 represents an important step in the technological development of Brazil, correlated to high technology enterprises. This design was developed in Brazil, by Brazilian technicians, in a comprehensive way. In all individual and global phases of the design, a full participation of the Brazilian state and private companies has been observed. In order to proceed with the design in this way, a group of Nuclen engineers has stayed for a while in Germany, in KWU's office, for a proper training. The Brazilian design companies, on the other hand, have received a special consulting support given by engineers of German construction companies, especialized in nuclear power plant construction. For the nuclear civil design, as well as for the dynamic analyses and structural design of reinforced concrete and steel structures, the design job assumes an important position in the Brazilian technical experience. The structural design of the reinforced concrete structures of the nuclear power plant, for instance, is the largest one ever performed in Brazil in terms of difficulty, complexity and amount of man-hours expediture. A summary of the civil design steps will be described in this paper. (author) [pt

Influência do tempo de detenção hidráulica em um sistema UASB seguido de um reator biológico com fungos para tratar efluentes de indústria de castanha de caju Influence of the time of detention hidraulic of a sistem UASB followed by a biological reactor with fungi to treat efluent of cashew nut industry

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Emília Maria Alves Santos

2006-03-01

Full Text Available Nesta pesquisa, estudou-se a influência do tempo de detenção hidráulica (TDH em um sistema constituído de um reator anaeróbio tipo UASB seguido de um reator biológico com fungos (RBF para tratar efluente de uma indústria de beneficiamento de castanha de caju. O presente trabalho foi dividido em uma fase de fluxo descontínuo (batelada e uma fase de fluxo contínuo (UASB - RBF, que constituiu-se de sete etapas ( 8h e 2h, 8h e 1h, 4h e 8h, 4h e 6h, 4h e 4h, 4h e 2h e 4h e 1h, onde foi avaliada a influência do TDH na remoção de: DQO (Demanda Química de Oxigênio, amônia, nitrato e ortofosfato. Uma combinação que apresentou melhores resultados, foi a etapa de 4h (TDH do reator UASB e 2h (TDH do RBF, apresentando remoções de: 93,8% de DQO, 86,7% de nitrato, 38,3% de amônia e 16% de ortofosfato.In this research, it was studied the effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT in a system comprised of an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB reactor and a Biological Reactor with Fungi (BRF for treatment of the efluent of the industry of cashew nut improvement. The work was divided in two phases: batch reactors using shaking flasks and continuous-feed reactors (UASB-BRF. The UASB reactor was operated at HRT of 4 and 8 h, whereas the BRF was operated at HRT varying from 1 to 8 h. The performance of both reactors was evaluated based on the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD, ammonium, nitrate, and orthophosfate. The results show that the best results were achieved when the UASB was operated at HRT of 4 h and the BRF was operated at HRT of 2 h, when the system removed 93,8% of the COD, 86,7% of the nitrate, 38,3% of the ammonium and 16% of the orthophosfate.

Impasses and mistakes of the nuclear non-proliferation policy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hirst, M.

1980-01-01

It is analyzed the limitations for implementing the American Nuclear non-proliferation policy. It is shown the crisis of the North American international relations, with the economic and scientific development of the advanced capitalist nations and some countries of the third world, the penetration of these countries in the world trade commerce of the nuclear industry as sellers and cunsumers, and the Latin American's and Brazil's position in the international panorama of nuclear power. (M.C.K.) [pt

Some basic criteria for using of accountancy common system and nuclear material control

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Marzo, M.A.; Biaggio, A.L.

1994-01-01

Some basic criteria used by the Brazilian-Argentine Agency for Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials, using in the Accountancy and Control Common System of Nuclear Materials (SCCC) are presented and the control elements are described. The SCCC is a safeguard system used for all nuclear materials present in all nuclear activities executed by Brazil and Argentina. (C.G.C.). 4 refs, 1 tab

From Tegucigalpa to Teheran: Brazil's diplomacy as an emerging Western country

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andrea Quirino Steiner

2014-01-01

Full Text Available This paper reviews Brazil's pursuit for international insertion by: discussing its search for new partners; presenting an overview of the historical, cultural, and political features that render it the most Western of the emerging nations; and analyzing its participation in the management of two major international crises, the Honduran constitutional crisis and the Iranian nuclear crisis.

Paradox place by nuclear sector discourse line

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pereira, Iona Ponce

2002-01-01

This article, taking into consideration the Critical Discourse Analysis and the French Discourse Analysis, examines the relationship between the public image and the acceptance of nuclear energy and the discourse and arguments commonly employed by the nuclear institutions, in Brazil, in favor of a widespread use of nuclear energy by the society. In doing so, the article discusses aspects such as the social memory, intertextuality and image construction and shows that the pro-nuclear arguments and the discourse produced by the institutions of the nuclear sector, in its essence, carries much of the ideas and concepts frequently utilized by the anti-nuclear entities. This fact, instead of providing a positive view, or even a correct understanding of the nuclear area, reinforces the negative image of nuclear energy witch is reflected in its public acceptance by the society. (author)

Produção de biogás no tratamento dos efluentes líquidos do processamento de Coffea arabica L. em reator anaeróbico UASB para o potencial aproveitamento na secagem do café Biogas production in the treatment of Coffea arabica L. processing wastewaters in UASB anaerobic reactor for the potential use in the coffee drying

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marco Antônio Calil Prado

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Estudou-se a produção de biogás proveniente do tratamento das águas residuárias do processamento por via úmida do café (ARC coco em sistema de tratamento anaeróbio em escala laboratorial. O sistema foi composto de um tanque de acidificação e equalização (TAE, um reator anaeróbio de manta de lodo e fluxo ascendente (UASB, uma lagoa aerada facultativa (LAF, um equalizador de pressão e um gasômetro. O tratamento foi realizado durante 190 dias e o pH foi controlado por certos períodos de tempo, pela adição de NaOH no TAE ou no reator UASB. No reator UASB, os valores máximos e mínimos obtidos na entrada foram de 235 a 7.064 mg.L-1 para DQO; 200 a 3.913 mg.L-1 para DBO5, 500 a 11.153 mg.L-1 para STV e 4,57 a 7,75 para o pH. Na saída do reator UASB, os valores foram de 39 a 2.333 mg.L-1 para DQO; 15 a 1.300 mg.L-1 para DBO5, 272 a 2.749 mg.L-1 para STV e 6,16 a 7,93 para o pH. Os valores mínimos e máximos de vazão afluente foram de 0,18 a 1,56 L.h-1. O biogás apresentou uma produção teórica de 0,545 a de 0,602 m³.kg-1DBO5 e porcentagem de metano de 48,60 a 68,14%.It was studied the biogas production through the treatment of the wet processing coffee wastewaters (ARC in an anaerobic treatment system in laboratorial scale. The system used was composed by one acidification and equalization tank (TAE, one anaerobic upflow sludge blanket reactor (UASB, one facultative aerated pond, one equalization tank and one gas tank. The treatment was carried out for 190 days and the pH was controlled for some periods by adding NaOH inside of the TAE or in the UASB. In the UASB reactor the maximum and minimum values obtained in the inlet were 235 to 7064 mg.L-1 for COD; 200 to 3913 mg.L-1 for BOD5, 500 to 11.153 mg.L-1 for TVS and 4,57 to 7,75 for pH. In the outlet of the UASB, the values were 39 to 2333 mg.L-1 for COD; 15 to 1300 mg.L-1 for BOD5, 272 to 2749 mg.L-1 for TVS and 6,16 to 7,93 for pH. The minimum and maximum values of the inlet

The Brazilian participation in the nuclear power plant construction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fabricio, R.A.C.

1981-01-01

A brief review about the origin of the brazilian nuclear power program and the strategy adopted for its implementation in Brazil is presented. The creation of the Nuclebras Engineering S/A, the Germany technology transfer and the personell job-training in Brasil are discussed. Some management models used for nuclear power plant construction in the world are still presented. (E.G.) [pt

Tratamento de resíduo líquido de laticínios utilizando Caixas de Gordura e Reator Anaeróbio Compartimentado seguido de Leitos Cultivados

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Cristina Ferreira Moreira da Silva

2014-10-01

Full Text Available Neste trabalho foram avaliados o desempenho e a eficiência de um sistema de tratamento de resíduos líquidos de laticínios na remoção da carga orgânica do resíduo em uma indústria de laticínios, utilizando um sistema composto por caixas de gordura, reator anaeróbio compartimentado e leitos cultivados de fluxo subsuperficial vegetado com Typha sp. e utilizando como meio suporte brita #1, sob diferentes tempos de detenção hidráulica (3 e 5 dias nos leitos cultivados. Como média geral na remoção de DBO e de DQO, o tratamento utilizando tempo de detenção de 3 dias conseguiu remover 98,87% de DBO e  99,77% de DQO, enquanto o tratamento utilizando 5 dias de detenção hidráulica removeu, em média, 99,51% de DBO e 99,56% de DQO. Os resultados indicam que o sistema foi eficiente no tratamento de resíduos líquidos de laticínios.

General view about reactor safety nuclear power plants in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gasparian, A.E.; Silva, D.E.; Salvatore, J.E.L.; Lima, J.M. de

1991-01-01

In this paper the authors describe the principles and goals that have guided, as well as the methods that have been used by the National Commission of Nuclear Energy (CNEN) to set forth measures aiming at providing safety to the Brazilian nuclear power plants. The status of the licensing process of these power plants is shown. The performance and the results obtained so far in relation to the nuclear safety are also described. (author)

Proposal of a national system to supervise nuclear installations out of international safeguards

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rosa, L.P.

1990-01-01

It is proposed a national system to safeguard, supervise and inspect nuclear facilities in Brazil, apart from international safeguards. It discusses also the military nuclear activities and the uranium enrichment plants. The system should be controlled by Brazilian CNEN. (A.C.A.S.)

1993 Annual report of the Brazilian-Argentine Agency for Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials - ABACC

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1994-01-01

The 1993 annual report of the Brazilian Argentine Agency for Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials, (ABACC), describes the activities regarding the administration and application of the Control and Accounting Common System (SCCC) established by the bilateral agreement between the Republic of Argentine and Federative Republic of Brazil for exclusive peaceful use of the nuclear energy. The main goal to verify practically all the installations which were not subjected to the international safeguards, before the agreement, was reached. Considering the safeguards application under implementation in both countries, the ABACC is preparing itself technically for the quadripartite agreement to be into force and signed among Argentine, Brazil, IAEA and ABACC. On checking the procedures established by the SCCC and controlled material, nothing was detected that could indicate nuclear material diversion either for nuclear weapon or for other explosive nuclear device. (B.C.A.)

The nuclear contribution to the solution of Brazilian energy problem

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1995-01-01

This report presents the justifying of Brazilian Nuclear Programme. Due to the demand increasing of electric energy in Brazil, the government decided to an alternative source. Although the brazilian electric power program continue basically hydroelectric, the nuclear power plants began to be constructed. The strategy adopted, the prospection of uranium enrichment, the project and construction of nuclear power plants, the responsibilities of Nuclebras and Nuclen and several stages of this program are described. (C.M.)

Workplace and occupational health: The first metal evaluation using nuclear and analytical techniques in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Barros Correia Menezes, M.A. de; Vilhena Schayer Sabino, C de [Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear (CDTN), Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CNEN), Sector de Radioquimica, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais (Brazil); Melo Mattos, S.V. de [FUNED, Divisao de Bromatologia e Toxicologia, Servico de Quimica Especializada, Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil); Santos Filho, S [Secretaria Minicipal de Saude de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil); Diniz, E [FUNDACENTRO/BH, Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil)

1999-12-31

Belo Horizonte, the capital of the State of Minas Gerais and its neighbourhood are the second industrial center of Brazil, concentrating many industries in several areas mainly metal refining and transformation. There are no registers about the level of metal concentration in the environmental air in the industry, nor even of the level of workers` contamination. The overall objective of this Project is to make a survey of the exposures to metals related to occupational diseases in galvanizing industry, which is responsible for the majority of occurrences of occupational diseases. The survey will be accomplished using as bio-indicators hair, nails, blood, urine, and individual air filters. These matrixes will indicate the incorporation of metals and the exposure level. The analytical techniques that will be applied are the neutron activation joined to related non nuclear analytical techniques, such as atomic absorption. (author) 7 refs, 2 tabs

Activity report on research and development work 1980 of the institute for Nuclear Process Technology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1981-02-01

Within the framework of guaranteeing supplies of nuclear fuel for the generation of nuclear energy, the KfK developed the separation nozzle method for the enrichment of U-235. It is based on partial separation of this uranium isotope by a deflected jet from a mixture of UF 6 /hydrogen. This method is now being applied on a technical scale for the first time in Brazil within the framework of an agreement concluded between the Federal Republic of Germany and Brazil and approved by the International Atomic Energy Agency. (orig./EF) [de

The use of genetic algorithms with niching methods in nuclear reactor related problems; A utilizacao dos metodos de nichos dos algoritmos geneticos na otimizacao de problemas de reatores nucleares

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sacco, Wagner Figueiredo

2000-03-01

Genetic Algorithms (GAs) are biologically motivated adaptive systems which have been used, with good results, in function optimization. However, traditional GAs rapidly push an artificial population toward convergence. That is, all individuals in the population soon become nearly identical. Niching Methods allow genetic algorithms to maintain a population of diverse individuals. GAs that incorporate these methods are capable of locating multiple, optimal solutions within a single population. The purpose of this study is to test existing niching techniques and two methods introduced herein, bearing in mind their eventual application in nuclear reactor related problems, specially the nuclear reactor core reload one, which has multiple solutions. Tests are performed using widely known test functions and their results show that the new methods are quite promising, specially in real world problems like the nuclear reactor core reload. (author)

Economical and strategical aspects of Brazilian-Germany nuclear agreement

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Carvalho, J.F. de.

1981-01-01

The strategical and economical aspects of Brazilian-Germany nuclear agreement are analyzed in three aspects: 1) The nuclear agreement in the context of the Brazilian economic - and social development process, considering the availability of energetic resouces of the country. Political implications. Considerations about creation and transfer of technology. 2) The economy aspects involved in the agreement. Comparison costs of electrical energy generated in a nuclear power plants and hydroelectric plant in Brazil. Impacts on the industrial development. 3) Strategical aspects. (E.G.) [pt

International cooperation for establishment and use of nuclear energy in developing countries

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wiendieck, K.

1982-01-01

Possibilities of nuclear technology transfer in view of the establishment of nuclear energy systems in developing countries are discussed on the basis of two examples: (I) The theoretical approach (not yet applied) to systemize the decision process and (II) the practical approach exemplified in the case of Brazil. (orig.)

Guidelines for attendance and registration for radiological emergencies of nuclear accidents

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1994-01-01

Today in Brazil the use of nuclear energy is becoming an usual practice in various activities. Thus, must be a matter of great weight, directions for attendance and registration for radiological emergencies or nuclear accidents. This work shows the planning elaborated by the Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear (Brazilian CNEN) for nuclear plants, aiming avoid the injurious effects from the ionizing radiation exposure, radionuclides release or the direct or indirect exposure of ionizing radiation, that proceeding from a radiological emergencies or a nuclear accidents. (J.A.M.M.)

Proceedings of the 10. Workshop on Nuclear Physics in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1987-01-01

Theoretical and experimental studies on Nuclear Physics are presented. Nuclei structures, nuclear reaction cross sections, collision phenomena between particles at several energy ranges and radiation effects on solids and liquids are analysed. (M.C.K.) [pt

Second national report of Brazil for the nuclear safety convention - introduction

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-09-01

This document was prepared for fulfilling the Brazilian obligations under the Convention on Nuclear Safety. Chapter 1 presents some historical aspects of the Brazilian nuclear policy, targets to be attained for increasing the nuclear energy contribution for the national production of electric energy.

Second national report of Brazil for the nuclear safety convention - introduction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2001-01-01

This document was prepared for fulfilling the Brazilian obligations under the Convention on Nuclear Safety. Chapter 1 presents some historical aspects of the Brazilian nuclear policy, targets to be attained for increasing the nuclear energy contribution for the national production of electric energy

Nuclear power: a route out of world crisis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jeffs, Eric.

1981-01-01

Presentations at the Eleventh World Energy Conference in September 1980 are highlighted, with the emphasis on nuclear energy. High oil prices have adversely affected the economies of many countries, but especially the less developed countries (LDC). The extent to which nuclear power can help the LDCs in the near future is limited by the size of their electricity grids. In the more developed countries, the discussion of nuclear energy is dominated by perceived need and public acceptance. The crisis of confidence in nuclear energy is not completely global. Both France and the COMECON countries have ambitious long-range plans, including nuclear combined heat and power units, and the more advanced developing countries, such as Argentina, Brazil, Korea and Mexico, are also pressing ahead with nuclear programs. (NDH)

Uso de lagoa aerada facultativa como polimento do reator anaeróbio de manta de lodo UASB no tratamento de dejetos de suínos em escala laboratorial The efficiency of an aerated pond used for treating the effluent of an UASB reactor (upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor treating swine manure in a lab-scale system

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fernanda Ribeiro do Carmo

2004-06-01

Full Text Available As atividades agroindustriais têm se voltado não somente para o aumento da produtividade, mas também para a conservação do meio ambiente. A suinocultura é, sem dúvida, uma das atividades agroindustriais mais poluidoras, principalmente no Estado de Minas Gerais. Sendo assim, objetivou-se desenvolver e operar uma Lagoa Aerada Facultativa (LAF em escala de bancada (laboratorial, e como polimento de um Reator Anaeróbio de Manta de Lodo (UASB, visando a tratar os dejetos de suínos com máxima eficiência e custo mínimo. O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Análise de Água do Departamento de Engenharia (LAADEG da Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA, sendo composto por um tanque de acidificação e equalização (TAE, um reator anaeróbio de manta de lodo (UASB e uma lagoa aerada facultativa (LAF para polimento. As análises fisico-químicas realizadas foram: pH, DBO5, DQO T, Sólidos Totais (fixos e voláteis, Temperatura, Nitrogênio, Fósforo, Alcalinidade e Acidez Total. A unidade LAF mostrou uma eficiência média de 83 e 42% de DQO T e Nitrogênio Total, respectivamente. O sistema proporcionou remoção média de 93, 84 e 85% de DQO T, DBO5 e Sólidos Totais Voláteis, respectivamente.Nowadays the agro-industry activities have not only focused its direction to the production increasing, but also, to the environmental preservation. The swine production is amo doubt, an activity, which can be considered, one of the most pollutants, mainly in the Minas Gerais State (BRAZIL. Therefore, this research aimed at developing and operating an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor (UASB, followed by an Aerobic Facultative Pound (AFP (Lab-Scale, with the objective of treating the liquid effluent originated from swine with the maximum efficiency and lower costs. The experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Water Analysis of the Engineering Department of the Federal University of Lavras (UFLA. The system was assembled with an

Reactor inventory monitoring system for Angra-1 reactor; Sistema de monitoracao de inventario do reator para usina nuclear Angra I

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

S Neto, Joaquim A.; Silva, Marcos C.; Pinheiro, Ronaldo F.M. [Furnas Centrais Eletricas S.A., Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Soares, Milton [Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear (IEN), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Martinez, Aquilino; Comerlato, Cesar A.; Oliveira, Eugenio A. [Universidade Federal, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Coordenacao dos Programas de Pos-graduacao de Engenharia. Lab. de Monitoracao de Processos

1996-07-01

This work describes the project of Reactor Inventory Monitoring System, which will be installed in Angra I Nuclear Power Plant. The inventory information is important to the operators take corrective actions in case of an incident that may cause a failure in the core cooling. (author)

Assessment of {sup 222}Rn occupational exposure at IPEN nuclear materials storage site, SP, Brazil; Avaliacao da exposicao ocupacional ao {sup 222}Rn no galpao da Salvaguardas do IPEN, SP

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Caccuri, Lilian Saueia

2007-07-01

In this study it was assessed the occupational exposure to {sup 222}Rn at IPEN, SP, Brazil, nuclear materials storage site through the committed effective dose received by workers exposed to this radionuclide. The radiation dose was calculated through the radon concentrations at nuclear materials storage site. Radon concentrations were determined by passive detection method with solid state nuclear detectors (SSNTD). The SSNTD used in this study was the polycarbonate Makrofol E; each detector is a small square plastic of 1 cm{sup 2}, placed into a diffusion chamber type KFK. It was monitored 14 points at nuclear materials storage site and one external point, over a period of 21 months, changing the detectors every three months, from December 2004 to September 2006. The {sup 222}Rn concentrations varied from 196 {+-} 9 and 2048 {+-} 81 Bq{center_dot}m{sup -3}. The committed effective dose due to radon inhalation at IPEN nuclear materials storage site was obtained from radon activity incorporated and dose conversion factor, according to International Commission on Radiological Protection procedures. The effective committed dose received by workers is below 20 mSv{center_dot}y{sup -1}. This value is suggested as an annual effective dose limit for occupational exposure by ICRP 60. (author)

Twenty Years of Regional Safeguards: the ABACC System and the Synergy with the National Nuclear Material Control Systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dias, Fabio C.; Palhares, Lilia C.; De Mello, Luiz A.; Vicens, Hugo E.; Maceiras, Elena; Terigi, Gabriel

2011-01-01

As result of the nuclear integration between Brazil and Argentina, in July 1991 the Agreement for Peaceful Uses of the Nuclear Energy (Bilateral Agreement) was signed and the Brazilian Argentine Agency for Accountancy and Control of Nuclear Material (ABACC) was created [1]. The main role assigned to ABACC was the implementation and administration of the regional control system and the coordination with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in order to apply safeguards to all nuclear material in all nuclear activities of Argentina and Brazil. In December 1991 the IAEA, ABACC, Argentina and Brazil signed the Quadripartite Agreement (INFCIRC/435) [2]. The agreement establishes obligations similar to those established by model INFCIRC/153 comprehensive agreements. The Bilateral Agreement establishes that the Parties should make available financial and technical capabilities to support ABACC activities. In order to accomplish this challenge, the National Systems had to improve their structure and capabilities. Through the close interaction with the IAEA and ABACC, the national systems have been enriched by adopting new methodologies, implementing innovative safeguards approaches and providing specialized training to the regional inspectors. All of this also resulted in relevant technical improvements to the regional system as a whole. The approach of both neighborhoods controlling each other increased the confidence between the partners and permitted a better knowledge of their potentialities. The recognized performance of the regional system in the implementation of innovative, efficient and credible safeguards measures increased the confidence of the international community on the implementation of nuclear safeguards in Argentina and Brazil. In this paper, after twenty years of the creation of the ABACC System, the view of the Brazilian and Argentine National Authorities is presented. (authors)

Optimization of materials for the parts that compose a Tesla turbine; Otimizacao de materiais para as partes que compoe uma turbina tipo Tesla

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rocha, Geovana Vilas Boas da, E-mail: geovana_dmp@yahoo.com.br [Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Jose dos Campos, SP (Brazil); Guimaraes, Lamartine N.F.; Placco, Guilherme M., E-mail: guimarae@ieav.cta.br, E-mail: placco@ieav.cta.br [Instituto de Estudos Avancados (IEAv), Sao Jose dos Campos, SP (Brazil). Divisao de Energia Nuclear

2013-07-01

The TERRA project (Tecnologia de Reatores Rapidos Avancados) of the Aeronautica (Brazil) aims to develop the necessary technologies for the design of nuclear microreactors. These, in turn, aim to address the thermal and electrical needs in space vehicles. One of the activities of this project is to build a closed thermal cycle, the Rankine type in order to test a Tesla turbine type developed by the group. In this thermodynamic cycle the water is transformed into steam, which triggers a turbine which, in turn, provide power to the alternator to be converted into electricity. The work presented a survey of the materials available on the national market for machining a Tesla type turbine. The surveys were made considering the characteristics and operating conditions of a specific thermal cycle, the interest of the group. Results: cost-benefit tables for each party of the turbine, characteristics of each material, the machining process, as well as a comparison between one of 304L stainless steel model turbine with a turbine with the selected materials. The results from this study raised the level of sophistication of the research involved the TERRA project, since the study of ideal materials that make up the parts of a Tesla type turbine in a heat cycle is unprecedented.

Optimization of materials for the parts that compose a Tesla turbine

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rocha, Geovana Vilas Boas da; Guimaraes, Lamartine N.F.; Placco, Guilherme M.

2013-01-01

The TERRA project (Tecnologia de Reatores Rapidos Avancados) of the Aeronautica (Brazil) aims to develop the necessary technologies for the design of nuclear microreactors. These, in turn, aim to address the thermal and electrical needs in space vehicles. One of the activities of this project is to build a closed thermal cycle, the Rankine type in order to test a Tesla turbine type developed by the group. In this thermodynamic cycle the water is transformed into steam, which triggers a turbine which, in turn, provide power to the alternator to be converted into electricity. The work presented a survey of the materials available on the national market for machining a Tesla type turbine. The surveys were made considering the characteristics and operating conditions of a specific thermal cycle, the interest of the group. Results: cost-benefit tables for each party of the turbine, characteristics of each material, the machining process, as well as a comparison between one of 304L stainless steel model turbine with a turbine with the selected materials. The results from this study raised the level of sophistication of the research involved the TERRA project, since the study of ideal materials that make up the parts of a Tesla type turbine in a heat cycle is unprecedented

Maintaining non-nuclear weapon status

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Muller, H.

1991-01-01

Among the some 170 sovereign states in the world, five are legally recognized as nuclear weapon states (NWS) under the terms of the 1968 Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). Six countries (Argentina, Brazil, India, Israel, Pakistan, and South Africa) are counted as threshold states: they possess sizeable unsafeguarded nuclear facilities or have passed the brink of a nuclear test or of clandestine weapon production. Six other countries (Iran, Iraq, Libya, Taiwan, and North and South Korea) have been suspected periodically of either considering the nuclear weapon option or of working secretly on the development of weapons. Thus, about 150 non-nuclear weapon states (NNWS) remain which neither possess nuclear weapons nor strive to acquire them. These states are distributed throughout the globe and encompass highly industrialized as well as underdeveloped countries, liberal democracies, socialist states, sheikdoms and dictatorships. Some NNWS face acute military threats; other are far removed from the quarrels of the world, as in the case of some remote fortunate islands. Furthermore, NNWS may be members of nuclear-umbrella alliances or may have opted for a policy of neutrality or non-alignment

Usage and conditions of radiation protection of nuclear meters in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Guimarães, E.F.; Silva, F.C.A. da

2017-01-01

The industries of mining, pulp, oil, etc. which require a quality control in the processes, use the nuclear meters with sealed radioactive sources coupled to a radiation detector that generate accurate and fast answers regarding the level, thickness, density and humidity of different types of materials. Nuclear meters are classified as fixed or portable and use transmission, backscatter or reactive systems. As they use radioactive sources with various ranges of activities, they are classified by the International Atomic Energy Agency - AIEA as Category 3 and 4, of medium and low radiological risk, and must therefore have a suitable level of radiation protection for safe use in the installation. The Brazilian National Energy Commission - CNEN controls approximately 500 authorized facilities with nuclear meters. The paper technically describes the nuclear meters and the radiological protection procedures that must be followed for the safety of the IOEs (occupationally exposed individuals) and individuals from the public, based on the specific nuclear meter test program for CNEN radiation protection supervisor. The professionals who handle these nuclear meters should be aware of the radiological risk to their own protection and to individuals in the public. For safe operation with nuclear meters, a number of requirements must be observed according to the type and need of the installation

Evaluation of upper limit of accident probability in a nuclear reactor in Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rosa, L.P.

1979-01-01

This work calls attention to the great probability of accident in a pessimist vision regarding optimist one. The author uses the upper limit presented in Ford Foundation report and applies it on brazilian case to an evaluation of risk of reactor accident in Brazil. (C.M.)

The Significance of 2010 Iran-Turkey-Brazil Nuclear Deal for Turkey and Brazil

Science.gov (United States)

2014-12-01

Bosnia and Serbia- Montenegro issues. It opened 12 new embassies in Turkic states and other countries and granted many scholarships to the students from...U.S. Atoms for Peace, according to which the United States committed to establish a nuclear research reactor and power plants in Iran.236 Iran

The Brazilian-Argentine Agency for Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials (ABACC) as safeguard regional agency

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alvim, C.F.

1994-01-01

The Brazilian-Argentine Agency for Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials - ABACC applies regional safeguards on nuclear materials in Brazil and Argentina. The framework of international agreements concerning ABACC is presented, and the characteristics and requirements that a regional nuclear safeguards organization must fulfill are discussed. (author). 2 refs, 1 tab

Agreement of 13 December 1991 between the Republic of Argentina, the Federative Republic of Brazil, the Brazilian-Argentine Agency for Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials and the International Atomic Energy Agency for the applications of safeguards

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1998-01-01

The document reproduces the text of an Agreement by exchange of letters with the Federative Republic of Brazil in connection with the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean. The agreement reflected in the Exchange of Letters was approved by the Board of Governors on 10 June 1997 and entered into force on that date

Proceedings of the 3. Brazilian Meeting on Nuclear Applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1995-01-01

Researches in nuclear applications have been developed in Brazil, and were presented in this Meeting. Over 230 papers were presented in the areas of dosimetry, instrumentation, medicine, biology, agriculture, industry, radiochemistry, radiological protection, hydrology, environment and waste management

Opening up Brazil's hydrocarbon sector - the Bolivia-Brazil pipeline

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Law, P.

2000-01-01

The Bolivia-Brazil natural gas pipeline, which transports natural gas more than 3000 km from Bolivia to Brazil, cost US$2.1 billion to construct. Despite the substantial benefits for both Bolivia and Brazil and the involvement of reputable private partners, the perceived risks and complexities of this large project made financing it major challenge. neither of these countries has had a tradition of independent regulation or economic fuel pricing, and the pipeline was the first major gas infrastructure project involving the private sector in Brazil. The presentation explains the historical features of the project and how the project was used to open up Brazilian oil and gas sector to private investment and competition. (author)

Application of nuclear logging to porosity studies in Itaborai basin

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oliveira, Milena F.S.; Lima, Inaya; Lopes, Ricardo Tadeu, E-mail: milena@lin.ufrj.br, E-mail: inaya@lin.ufrj.br, E-mail: ricardo@lin.ufrj.br [Coordenacao dos Programas de Pos-Graduacao de Engenharia (COPPE/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Lab. de Instrumentacao Nuclear; Ferrucio, Paula Lucia; Borghi, Leonardo, E-mail: ferrucio@acd.ufrj.br, E-mail: borghi@ufrj.br [Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), RJ (Brazil). Inst. de Geociencias. Dept. de Geologia; Abreu, Carlos Jorge, E-mail: jo_abreu@unb.br [Universidade de Brasilia (UnB), DF (Brazil). Inst. de Geociencias

2011-07-01

Nuclear logging provides information on bulk density and porosity variations by measuring the intensity of the scattered radiation induced on the formation by radioactive sources. In this study, nuclear logging was employed to analyze the pore-space system of the 2-ITAB-1-RJ well placed on the Itaborai limestone basin, in the state of Rio de Janeiro. This is one of the smallest sedimentary basin in Brazil and it is formed by clastic deposits and travertine limestone rocks which are fractured. Understanding the pore-space system of carbonate rocks has become important subject for the oil industry, specially in Brazil. A Density Gamma Probe (LSD) and a Neutron Probe (NEUT) were used for data acquisition, which nuclear logging was carried out in part of the well, with continuous detection for about 50 m of deep. The detection speed was 4 m/min for the LSD and 5 m/min for the NEUT. The results obtained by nuclear logging showed that the 2-ITAB-1-RJ well consists of three different intervals with rocks ranging from low to moderate porosity present in travertine, marls and gneisses. (author)

Fuel for the next Brazilian nuclear power plants

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lameiras, Fernando S.; Faeda, Kelly Cristina Ferreira

2009-01-01

The conclusion of the Angra III nuclear power plant ends a cycle of the nuclear energy in Brazil that started about forty years ago. Nowadays the country is planning the installation of 4 GWe to 8 GWe of nuclear power up to the year 2030. The nuclear reactors considered for this new cycle should take into account the current technologic development and environment of the nuclear market. They certainly will have significant differences in relation to the Angra I, II, and III reactors. Important impacts may result on the nuclear fuel production chain, e. g., case high temperature reactors were chosen, which can deliver electricity and heat. The differences between the fuels of the candidate reactors after Angra III are analyzed and development lines are suggested to minimize these impacts. (author)

The drivers of the nuclear renaissance

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dias, Marcio Soares; Mattos, Joao Roberto Loureiro de

2008-01-01

The renaissance of the nuclear option for generating electric energy is stimulated by its economic competitiveness and its social and environmental benefits. Presently, nuclear energy is a key component to the rapid expansion of world electricity consumption. Drivers of the nuclear renaissance are: the growth of public acceptance as result of the historic demonstration of safety; the economic competitiveness in the costs of generation; the incorporation of innovations and technological advances with impacts on main barriers like the reducing of the capital investments and technological solutions for destination of the radioactive wastes. The nuclear retaken already affects the international Uranium market with records of negotiated volumes and a rise of prices. Brazil as detainer of some of the biggest reserves of Uranium in the world has much to profit with this retaken. (author)

Nuclear energy in Latin America: needs and possibilities

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Crespi, M B.A.

1979-02-01

When all forms of primary energy are taken into account, the current energetic situation of Latin America is characterized by a consumption per capita of about 50% of the world average. Assuming that the population will level off at around 1400 million in about a century with a consumption per capita similar to the present one in Western Europe, the total constant asymptotic energy requirement will be 53,000 TWht/year, or about 80% of the current total of the world. This is a conservative assumption, but even so there are only two known sources capable of covering this need, nuclear energy in its advanced forms (fission with breeding and, eventually, fusion) and direct solar energy. The first of these is examined here in that context. Several of the countries of the subcontinent (Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Mexico, and Venezuela) have working nuclear centers with at least one small research reactor and Peru has one in installation. Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico have reached the stage in which nuclear power stations are being installed and future ones programmed, and the first of these countries has already one in operation since 1974. Four other countries (Bolivia, Ecuador, Jamaica, and Uruguay) have announced the decision to install integrated nuclear research centers and are at present at different stages of the implementation process. Cuba has a subcritical research facility and has signed an agreement with the USSR to install nuclear stations. In most of the rest, nuclear activities are limited to regular or sporadic utilization of radioisotopes in medical applications, or are non-existent. The three more common commercial power reactor types (PWR, BWR, and CANDU) are represented in the current nuclear programs.

Survey or quality for radiopharmaceuticals and activimeters available in services of nuclear medicine from Recife, Pernambuco State, Brazil; Estudo da qualidade dos radiofarmacos e dos activimetros utilizados nos servicos de medicina nuclear do Recife

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nogueira, Fernanda Maria Dornellas Camara

2001-08-01

The radiopharmaceutical used in Nuclear Medicine must present high chemical and radiochemical purities in order to obtain images with contrast and clearness adequate for the diagnosis. Test should be made by the Nuclear Medicine institutes to evaluate the presence of molybdenum, aluminium and the free Tc O{sub 4}{sup -}/TC-HR in the radiopharmaceutical before they use it. On the other hand, the activity to be administered to the patient is determined by the activimeters available in the Nuclear Medicine institutions. So it is necessary to perform tests to verify operating conditions of the activimeter to guarantee that the dose received by patient is the prescribed by the physician. In Brazil, few clinics of Nuclear Medicine are implanting the tests of the radiopharmaceutical and of the activimeters. The objective of this work is to establish the procedures for the radiopharmaceutical tests and to evaluate the quality of the radiopharmaceutical used at the clinics of Recife, as well as the operation conditions of the activemeters in these institutions. The results show that all the activimeters analyzed present a good performance and that the equipment with Geiger-Muller detectors present larger instability than the ones that use ionization chamber. Concerning the Mo/Tc generators, it was observed that only one presented Mo in the generator eluate with concentration over the acceptable limits and that the concentration of Al found in the samples analyzed were below the limits. On the other hand, in 73% of the MIBI analyzed samples were observed problems with its preparation that were caused by the procedures adopted at the clinics, which do not follow the manufacturers recommendations. (author)

Considerations about the impact of the Convention on Nuclear Safety on the regulatory action of the CNEN in Brazilian nuclear power plants

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Camargo, Claudio; Pontedeiro, Auro

1995-01-01

Preliminary discussion is conducted about the impact of the terms of the Convention on Nuclear safety, adopted by Diplomatic Conference in September 1994 in the International Atomic Energy Agency, on the regulatory action of Brazilian Nuclear Regulatory Body - CNEN. Following the Convention articles structure, the paper emphasizes technical aspects of the nuclear safety standards adopted in the licensing process of Brazilian Nuclear Power Plants. The recent experience in the issuance of Angra-1 NPP Permanent Operation Authorization is used to demonstrate that current safety standards in Brazil are in compliance with the international compromises and in agreement with what is expected by the so called Safety Culture. (author). 9 refs

Groundwater assessment in water resources management at Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, Brazil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Soares, Sabrina M.V.; Marques, Joyce R.; Monteiro, Lucilena R.; Stellato, Thamiris B.; Silva, Tatiane B.S.C.; Faustino, Mainara G.; Silva, Douglas B. da; Cotrim, Marycel E.B.; Pires, Maria Aparecida F., E-mail: sabrinamoura@usp.br, E-mail: joyce.marques@usp.br, E-mail: luciremo@uol.com.br, E-mail: thamistellato@gmail.com, E-mail: tatianebscs@live.com, E-mail: mainarag@usp.br, E-mail: douglas.sbatista@yahoo.com.br, E-mail: mecotrim@ipen.br, E-mail: mapires@ipen.br [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

2015-07-01

To comply with the guidelines for environmental control and legal requirements, the Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN/ CNEN - Brazil/ SP) performs the Environmental Monitoring Program for Chemical Stable Compounds (PMA-Q) since 2007, in attendance to the Term for the Adjustment of Conduct (TAC) signed between IPEN and the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA). The PMA-Q program includes the assessment of the IPEN's wastewater released in water body, and the groundwater assessment, which is carried out in nine monitoring wells. In groundwater is analyzed, by ion chromatography, species regulated by CONAMA 396/08 [01] fluoride, chloride, nitrite-N, nitrate-N, sulfate, sodium, potassium, ammonium, magnesium and calcium, besides other parameters. Furthermore, based on legal requirements, each year the program is reviewed and improvement actions are planned and implemented. Therefore, the integrated monitoring of groundwater should provide information on the quality and dynamics of the aquifer compared to seasonal variations and anthropogenic effects. Thus, this study intends to evaluate the chemical features of the institute groundwater, evaluating the database of the monitoring program from 2011 to 2014, for the ions chloride, nitrate-N, sulfate, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium and bicarbonate, using these information diagrams will be developed for the characterization of the wells. This assessment will be essential to support the control actions of environmental pollution and the management of water resources. Making possible the establishment of groundwater Quality Reference Figures (QRF), according to the CONAMA 396/08 [01] rating, in order to demonstrate that the activities developed at IPEN are not affecting on the aquifer features. (author)

Historical review of neutron spectrometry and diffraction in Brazil - 50 years

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Voi, Dante L.; Ferreira, Francisco J.O.; Stasiulevicius, Roberto; Rodrigues, Claudio; Parente, Carlos B.R.; Mazzocchi, Vera L.; Mestnik Filho, Jose; Pugliesi, Reinaldo

2011-01-01

Neutron Spectrometry and Diffraction techniques began to be studied in Brazil with the construction of the first research reactors in the years 50 and 60, and were developed with the participation of national and international scientists. In particular, we note the perseverance of the Brazilian pioneer of nuclear energy, Dr. Marcello Damy de Souza Santos, and from that time, with the involvement of some of the early pioneers, such as the physicist Roberto Stasiulevicius, who had the privilege of working in all three Brazilian nuclear research reactors. All these scientists shared half a century of acquired knowledge, helping in the training of a number of experts who are now working in national and international nuclear institutes. The present work reviews in chronological order, the testimony of the historical facts associated with the development and application of experimental techniques using neutrons as a tool for materials analysis and studies for many areas of the sciences and also with the training of personnel. IPEN, IEN and CDTN, all institutes of the CNEN-Brazil, are important in the national and international scene as a result of the research carried out there and the large number of publications produced in the field of neutron spectrometry and diffraction from experimental work carried out using the IEA (5MW), Argonauta (5kW) and more recently, the IPR (250kW) research reactors. An extensive bibliography is also presented and this can be disseminated to everyone interested. (author)

Proceedings of the 2. Brazilian Meeting on Nuclear Applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1993-01-01

Researches in nuclear applications have been developed in Brazil, and were presented in this Meeting. Over 130 papers were presented in the areas of dosimetry, instrumentation, medicine, biology, agriculture , industry, radiochemistry, radiological protection, hydrology and environment. (L.C.J.A.)

Evaluation of the influence of percent labeling of 99mTc-MIBI on nuclear medicine procedures in Recife, Pernambuco State, Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pereira, Jucilene Maria

2003-08-01

The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of percent labeling of the radiopharmaceutical 99m Tc-MIBI on the procedures adopted by the nuclear medicine clinics in Recife, Pernambuco State, Brazil, and their possible interference with image quality in myocardial perfusion examinations. This work was performed at two nuclear medicine services in Recife that use pharmaceuticals provided by two different manufacturers: Cardiolite, provided by Dupont and Cardiosyd, provided by SYDMA. The pH, percent labeling and stability of samples of 99m Tc-MIBI and the percent uptake in heart and liver of a number of patients were evaluated. The results showed that the pH values measured in all samples of both radiopharmaceuticals were within the limits recommended. In 48% of the Cardiolite samples, the percent labeling was less than 90%, which is the minimum recommended limit. On the other hand, 87,5% of the Cardiosyd samples measured values above 98%. Both radiopharmaceuticals had good labeling stability, even in samples with low percent labeling efficiencies. In spite of the higher percent labeling of Cardiosyd its heart uptake is similar to that observed with the Cardiolite, even when the percent labeling is lower than 90%. On the other hand, the image quality, according to physicians, evaluation was poorer for Cardiosyd images, due to high noise and poor sharpness. (author)

Models of signal validation using artificial intelligence techniques applied to a nuclear reactor; Modelos de validacao de sinal utilizando tecnicas de inteligencia artificial aplicados a um reator nuclear

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oliveira, Mauro V. [Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear (IEN), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Schirru, Roberto [Universidade Federal, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Coordenacao dos Programas de Pos-graduacao de Engenharia

2000-07-01

This work presents two models of signal validation in which the analytical redundancy of the monitored signals from a nuclear plant is made by neural networks. In one model the analytical redundancy is made by only one neural network while in the other it is done by several neural networks, each one working in a specific part of the entire operation region of the plant. Four cluster techniques were tested to separate the entire operation region in several specific regions. An additional information of systems' reliability is supplied by a fuzzy inference system. The models were implemented in C language and tested with signals acquired from Angra I nuclear power plant, from its start to 100% of power. (author)

Legal aspects of search and mining of nuclear ores under Brazilian law

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Godinho, T.M.

1980-06-01

The legal aspects of mining in the Brazilian law its general principles, the basic concepts and rules established in the constitution of Brazil, in the mining code and in special laws are analysed. The rules for mining and usage of nuclear ores and other ores of interest to the nuclear field are emphasized. (A.L.) [pt

The non-proliferation policies of non-nuclear-weapon states

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Marwah, Onkar

1987-01-01

Eight countries are considered to be capable of producing nuclear weapons and highly suspect in their intentions to actually produce them. These are Argentina, Brazil, India, Pakistan, Israel, South Africa, the Republic of Korea and Taiwan. The policies of these suspect Non-nuclear-weapon States (NNWS) are considered in this paper. The first part assesses the non-proliferation (or proliferation) policies of the eight suspect NNWS, the second part evaluates their differences in approach from the policies urged upon them by the nuclear-weapon states (NWS) and the third and final part attempts to understand the future evolution of NNWS policies in the nuclear military field. (U.K.)

Fifth national report of Brazil for the nuclear safety convention

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2010-01-01

This Fifth National Report is a new update to include relevant information for the period of 2007/2009. This document represents the national report prepared as a fulfillment of the Brazilian obligations related to the Convention on Nuclear Safety. In chapter 2 some details are given about the existing nuclear installations. Chapter 3 provides details about the legislation and regulations, including the regulatory framework and the regulatory body. Chapter 4 covers general safety considerations as described in articles 10 to 16 of the Convention. Chapter 5 addresses to the safety of the installations during siting, design, construction and operation. Chapter 6 describes planned activities to further enhance nuclear safety. Chapter 7 presents the final remarks related to the degree of compliance with the Convention obligations

Proceedings of the 1. Brazilian Meeting on Nuclear Applications - v.1

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1991-01-01

Researches in nuclear applications have been developed in Brazil, and were presented in this meeting. Over 70 papers were presented in the areas of dosimetry, instrumentation, medicine, biology, agriculture and industry. (L.F.S.)

Proceedings of the 1. Brazilian Meeting on Nuclear Applications - v.2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1991-01-01

Researches in nuclear applications have been developed in Brazil, and were presented in this meeting. Over 70 papers were presented in the areas of dosimetry, instrumentation, medicine, biology, agriculture and industry. (L.F.S.)

The role of nuclear energy in brazilian energy matrix: socioeconomic and environmental aspects; O papel da energia nuclear na matriz energetica brasileira: aspectos socioeconomicos e ambientais

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schirmer, Priscila

2016-09-01

With the large increase of energy demand in the world, either for the continued expansion of industrialization, or by the raise of consumption, are increasing the need for energy sources diversification and the search for cleaner alternatives of energy production. Nuclear power has been considered as an option to curb the emission of greenhouse gases and reduce the dependence of fossil fuels. However, nuclear energy is an issue that still causes a lot of doubt and questions, turning the development of this work very important for a better understanding of the lay public as well as to contribute and encourage future research through an assessment of their environmental and socio-economic aspects, discussing the risks, benefits, and an assessment of the expansion of nuclear energy use, including an overview of nuclear energy in Brazil. Concluding that nuclear energy can contribute to the expansion of the Brazilian energy matrix, as the only heat source able to ensure constant supply of energy without emitting greenhouse gases. Considering that Brazil dominates the technology of the nuclear fuel cycle, and has a large reserves of uranium. A larger share of nuclear energy in the Brazilian energy matrix can generate greater diversification of the same, valuing the environmental and economic sustainability of the country and reducing the system's vulnerability. However, nuclear generation should not be considered as the only solution to the energy problems of the country, but make a part of it by the combination with other renewable sources, increasing the diversity and energy security of the country. (author)

JPRS Report, Nuclear Developments

Science.gov (United States)

1991-05-31

French market . 1230 GMT 30 Apr 91 Yang Shangkun Boldly Directs Arms Exporting [Caroline Puelle report from Beijing] On New Year’s Eve, at the same time...it is so industrial material in the international market . determined. [Kang] Given its use of gas-cooled nuclear reactors, [Kang] Even designing...in transferring sensitive technologies and a harder line in the negotia- In remarks to AMBITO FINANCIERO while he was in tions regarding Brazil’s

Information about the CENA: Agriculture Nuclear Energy Center

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1982-10-01

The purposes of the CENA-Brazil is described in this paper such as to develop and absorb techniques and nuclear methods of research interest and agricultural applications; to spread the methods and techniques through the courses, scientific exchange and publications; to develop in permanent character, researches, studies and works of nuclear energy application in agricultural problems and transfer the technology to the public; cooperation programs with the others units and USP-Sao Paulo University in graduation and post-graduation courses. (L.M.J.)

Brazil: Increasing the Reach of the INIS Database by using Social Media

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Braga, Fabiane; Gama das Neves, Teodora Marly; Pereira, Diogo

2015-01-01

INIS began its activities in 1970 to collect and share scientific and technical information about the peaceful uses of nuclear science and technology, with participating nations collaborating to build a centralized database. In the same year, the Nuclear Information Center of the Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission (CIN/CNEN) was created with the mission of representing Brazil in the INIS system. Since then it has played an important role in the context of Brazilian scientific and technological development as a database cooperative producer, a scientific and technical information service provider, and a knowledge generator, utilizing the INIS database. Since the 1970’s, CIN/CNEN has developed new information products and services based on the INIS database and produced in cooperation with other INIS Members, in order to support research in nuclear and related fields and to keep researchers updated on the newest publications in their areas of interest

Methodological proposal for identification and evaluation of environmental aspects and impacts of nuclear facilities of IPEN, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil: a case study applied to the Nuclear Fuel Center; Proposta metodologica para a identificacao e avaliacao de aspectos e impactos ambientais em instalacoes nucleares do IPEN: estudo de caso aplicado ao Centro do Combustivel Nuclear

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mattos, Luis Antonio Terribile de

2013-07-01

This work presents an application of Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA) to the process of identification of environmental aspects and impacts as a part of implementation and maintenance of an Environmental Management System (EMS) in accordance with the NBR ISO 14001 standard. Also, it can contribute, as a complement, to the evaluation and improvement of safety of the installation focused. The study was applied to the Nuclear Fuel Center (CCN) of Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN), situated at the Campus of University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The CCN facility has the objective of promoting scientific research and of producing nuclear fuel elements for the IEA-R1 Research Reactor. To identify the environmental aspects of the facility activities, products, and services, a systematic data collection was carried out by means of personal interviews, documents, reports and operation data records consulting. Furthermore, the processes and their interactions, failure modes, besides their causes and effects to the environment, were identified. As a result of a careful evaluation of these causes it was possible to identify and to classify the major potential environmental impacts, in order to set up and put in practice an Environmental Management System for the installation under study. The results have demonstrated the validity of the FMEA application to nuclear facility processes, identifying environmental aspects and impacts, whose controls are critical to achieve compliance with the environmental requirements of the Integrated Management System of IPEN. It was demonstrated that the methodology used in this work is a powerful management tool for resolving issues related to the conformity with applicable regulatory and legal requirements of the Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission (CNEN) and the Brazilian Institute of Environment (IBAMA). (author)

The nuclear safeguards system and the process of global governance accountability

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Xavier, Roberto Salles, E-mail: xavier@cnen.gov.b [Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CNEN), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Coordenacao Geral de Planejamento e Avaliacao

2011-07-01

Due to rising energy costs and climate concerns, nuclear energy is again being seriously considered as an energy source for several countries. Along with the resurgence of nuclear energy comes the concern of the world if these countries will develop their programs for the peaceful use of nuclear energy. If on one hand the growth potential of nuclear energy should not be stifled, on the other hand it is imperative that a climate of mutual trust is developed, respecting the right of each country to develop its nuclear program without taking a climate of mistrust to a possible 'intention' behind the pursuit of peaceful use of nuclear energy. Therefore, it is essential that appropriate mechanisms of accountability of global governance are institutionalized at the institutional architecture of the international process of nuclear safeguards, more specifically to the nuclear fuel cycle, so that abuses of power in this sphere does not happen, both by countries that aspire to develop projects nuclear, and by the suppliers of technology. In this context, the case study of Brazil and Argentina gained importance, because these two countries have a single binational organization of nuclear safeguards in the world: Brazilian-Argentine Agency for Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials - ABACC. In the theoretical question, the paper tries to understand what happens with the process of legitimacy and authority of the organizations of global governance by analyzing the degree of publicness and constrictiveness. This work intends to focus on the role of ABACC as an interstate institution of accountability, which has a key role to control the nation States of Brazil and Argentina regarding the appropriate use of nuclear material used in their programs, and analyze how this Agency behaves within of tension legitimacy-authority, taking into account existing studies on accountability in global governance. (author)

The nuclear safeguards system and the process of global governance accountability

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xavier, Roberto Salles

2011-01-01

Due to rising energy costs and climate concerns, nuclear energy is again being seriously considered as an energy source for several countries. Along with the resurgence of nuclear energy comes the concern of the world if these countries will develop their programs for the peaceful use of nuclear energy. If on one hand the growth potential of nuclear energy should not be stifled, on the other hand it is imperative that a climate of mutual trust is developed, respecting the right of each country to develop its nuclear program without taking a climate of mistrust to a possible 'intention' behind the pursuit of peaceful use of nuclear energy. Therefore, it is essential that appropriate mechanisms of accountability of global governance are institutionalized at the institutional architecture of the international process of nuclear safeguards, more specifically to the nuclear fuel cycle, so that abuses of power in this sphere does not happen, both by countries that aspire to develop projects nuclear, and by the suppliers of technology. In this context, the case study of Brazil and Argentina gained importance, because these two countries have a single binational organization of nuclear safeguards in the world: Brazilian-Argentine Agency for Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials - ABACC. In the theoretical question, the paper tries to understand what happens with the process of legitimacy and authority of the organizations of global governance by analyzing the degree of publicness and constrictiveness. This work intends to focus on the role of ABACC as an interstate institution of accountability, which has a key role to control the nation States of Brazil and Argentina regarding the appropriate use of nuclear material used in their programs, and analyze how this Agency behaves within of tension legitimacy-authority, taking into account existing studies on accountability in global governance. (author)