Endovascular management for significant iatrogenic portal vein bleeding.

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, Jong Woo; Shin, Ji Hoon; Park, Jonathan K; Yoon, Hyun-Ki; Ko, Gi-Young; Gwon, Dong Il; Kim, Jin Hyoung; Sung, Kyu-Bo

2017-11-01

Background Despite conservative treatment, hemorrhage from an intrahepatic branch of the portal vein can cause hemodynamic instability requiring urgent intervention. Purpose To retrospectively report the outcomes of hemodynamically significant portal vein bleeding after endovascular management. Material and Methods During a period of 15 years, four patients (2 men, 2 women; median age, 70.5 years) underwent angiography and embolization for iatrogenic portal vein bleeding. Causes of hemorrhage, angiographic findings, endovascular treatment, and complications were reported. Results Portal vein bleeding occurred after percutaneous liver biopsy (n = 2), percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (n = 1), and percutaneous cholecystostomy (n = 1). The median time interval between angiography and percutaneous procedure was 5 h (range, 4-240 h). Common hepatic angiograms including indirect mesenteric portograms showed active portal vein bleeding into the peritoneal cavity with (n = 1) or without (n = 2) an arterioportal (AP) fistula, and portal vein pseudoaneurysm alone with an AP fistula (n = 1). Successful transcatheter arterial embolization (n = 2) or percutaneous transhepatic portal vein embolization (n = 2) was performed. Embolic materials were n-butyl cyanoacrylate alone (n = 2) or in combination with gelatin sponge particles and coils (n = 2). There were no major treatment-related complications or patient mortality within 30 days. Conclusion Patients with symptomatic or life-threatening portal vein bleeding following liver-penetrating procedures can successfully be managed with embolization.

A case of ileo-cutaneou fistula due to radiation enteritis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oyama, Tsukasa; Oguchi, Yoshiro; Nakaba, Hiroyuki [Kure National Hospital, Hiroshima (Japan); and others

1992-07-01

Radiation enteritis can cause late complications including stenosis, perforation, fistulization, and bleeding, which sometimes necessitate surgical treatment, but a complication of ileocutaneous fistula is rarely reported. In this paper, an excellent result of an operation for ileocutaneous fistula due to radiation enteritis is described. A 68-year-old woman had undergone extended total histerectomy and radiation therapy on uterine cervical cancer. After the operation and the radiation therapy, frequent abdominal pain bothered her and then the intestinal fistula ensued resulted in the fistulization. The fistula was located between two stenotic lesions of the intestine caused by radiation enteritis. Resection of ileum including the two stenotic lesion and the fistula and end-to-end anastomosis relieved the symptoms and the treatment course has been satisfactory. The two stenotic lesions were resected because it was suggested that the two stenotic lesions directly led the fistulization. She is now followed asymptomatically. (author).

Sentinel Bleeding as a Sign of Gastroaortic Fistula Formation after Oesophageal Surgery

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. Uittenbogaart

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Gastroaortic fistula formation is a very rare complication following oesophageal resection and, in most cases, leads to sudden death. We report the case of a 65-year-old male with an adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by a minimally invasive transthoracic oesophagectomy with gastric tube reconstruction and intrathoracic anastomosis. After an uneventful postoperative course and hospital discharge, the patient reported blood regurgitation on postoperative day 23. Endoscopy revealed an adherent blood clot on the oesophageal wall, which after dislocation caused exsanguination. Autopsy determined the cause of death being massive haemorrhage due to a gastroaortic fistula. The sudden onset of haemorrhage makes this condition particularly difficult to treat. Recognition of warning signs such as thoracic or epigastric pain, regurgitation of blood, or the passing of bloody stools or melena is crucial in the early detection of fistula and may improve patient outcome.

Severe hematuria after transurethral electrocoagulation in a patient with an arteriovesical fistula.

Science.gov (United States)

Zheng, Xiangyi; Lin, Yiwei; Chen, Bin; Zhou, Xianyong; Zhou, Xiaofeng; Shen, Yuehong; Xie, Liping

2013-12-01

Arteriovesical fistulas are extremely rare. Only eleven cases were previously reported in the literature. They can occur iatrogenically, traumatically or spontaneously. We report an unusual case of a 62-year-old woman with arteriovesical fistula that developed fatal hematuria after transurethral electrocoagulation. Computed tomography (CT) and selective angiography revealed a pseudoaneurysm of the right superior vesical artery with arteriovesical fistula formation, which was managed by transarterial embolization. Contrast enhanced CT or CT angiography should be performed when a pulsatile hemorrhage is revealed during cystoscopy. Therapeutic vesical arterial embolization should be considered as a safe and effective procedure for arteriovesical fistulas. Transurethral electrocoagulation may cause severe hematuria for pulsatile bladder bleeding in patients with pelvic vascular malformation.

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum: A rare cause of gastrointestinal bleed

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ishrat H Dar

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Causes of obscure gastrointestinal (GI bleed are diverse and rare. The most common cause for GI bleeding of small bowel origin is angiodysplasia, followed by tumors of the small intestine, and various other causes, including small bowel ulcers and aortienteric fistulas. Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE is a rare cause of GI bleed. It is an inherited elastic tissue disorder with degeneration of elastic fibers involving mainly skin, eyes and the cardiovascular system. Upper GI hemorrhage occurs in 13% of cases and is often resistant to nonsurgical methods of treatment. Presented herein is a case of GI bleed in a 65-year-old woman who had PXE and hyperplastic polyps in the stomach.

A case of gastrointestinal bleeding due to right hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm following total remnant pancreatectomy: A case report

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Atsushi Fujio

Full Text Available Introduction: Pseudoaneurysm is a serious complication after pancreatic surgery, which mainly depends on the presence of a preceding pancreatic fistula. Postpancreatectomy hemorrhage following total pancreatectomy is a rare complication due to the absence of a pancreatic fistula. Here we report an unusual case of massive gastrointestinal bleeding due to right hepatic artery (RHA pseudoaneurysm following total remnant pancreatectomy. Presentation of case: A 75-year-old man was diagnosed with intraductal papillary mucinous carcinoma recurrence following distal pancreatectomy and underwent total remnant pancreatectomy. After discharge, he was readmitted to our hospital with melena because of the diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding. Gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed to detect the origin of bleeding, but an obvious bleeding point could not be detected. Abdominal computed tomography demonstrated an expansive growth, which indicated RHA pseudoaneurysm. Emergency angiography revealed gastrointestinal bleeding into the jejunum from the ruptured RHA pseudoaneurysm. Transcatheter arterial embolization was performed; subsequently, bleeding was successfully stopped for a short duration. Because of improvements in his general condition, the patient was discharged. Discussion: To date, very few cases have described postpancreatectomy hemorrhage following total remnant pancreatectomy. We suspect that the aneurysm ruptured into the jejunum, possibly because of the scarring and inflammation associated with his two complex surgeries. Conclusion: Pseudoaneurysm should be considered when the fragility of blood vessels is suspected, despite no history of anastomotic leak and intra-abdominal abscess. Our case also highlighted that detecting gastrointestinal bleeding is necessary to recognize sentinel bleeding if the origin of bleeding is undetectable. Abbreviations: PPH, RHA, CT, IPMC, RCCs, POD, LHA, GIE, TAE, Keywords: Case report, Pseudoaneurysm, Total

Successful Management of Neobladder Variceal Bleeding

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Atwal, Dinesh; Chatterjee, Kshitij, E-mail: kchatterjee@uams.edu [University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Residency Program: Slot 634 (United States); Osborne, Scott [University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology (United States); Kakkera, Krishna; Deas, Steven [University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Residency Program: Slot 634 (United States); Li, Ruizong [University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology (United States); Erbland, Marcia [University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Residency Program: Slot 634 (United States)

2016-10-15

Hematuria from a neobladder can occur due to a variety of pathologies including tumors, stones, and fistulas. Variceal bleeding in a neobladder is a very rare condition with only one case reported in literature. We present a case of a patient with cirrhosis and portal hypertension and an ileocolic orthotopic neobladder presenting with hematuria. Computed tomographic angiography showed dilated varices around the neobladder which were successfully embolized. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report case of variceal bleeding in a neobladder successfully managed with the combination of TIPS (transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt) procedure and embolization.

Uterine Arteriovenous Fistula with Concomitant Pelvic Varicocele: Endovascular Embolization with Onyx-18®

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francesco Giurazza

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Uterine arteriovenous fistulas are rare and acquired causes of life-threatening vaginal bleeding. They usually present with intermittent menometrorrhagia in young patients in childbearing age with history of gynecological procedures on uterus. Traditional management is hysterectomy; endovascular embolization represents nowadays an alternative strategy for patients wishing to preserve fertility. Here, the endovascular approach to a 29-year-old woman affected by severe menometrorrhagia caused by a uterine arteriovenous fistula with a concomitant pelvic varicocele is reported; a bilateral uterine arteries embolization with Onyx-18 (ev3, Irvine, CA, USA has successfully resolved the fistula with clinical success.

Ureteroarterial Fistula

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

D. H. Kim

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Ureteral-iliac artery fistula (UIAF is a rare life threatening cause of hematuria. The increasing frequency is attributed to increasing use of ureteral stents. A 68-year-old female presented with gross hematuria. She had prior low anterior resection for rectal cancer and a retained ureteral stent. CT abdomen and pelvis showed a large recurrent pelvic mass and a retained stent. The patient underwent cystoscopy which showed a normal bladder. Upon removal of the stent, brisk bleeding was noted coming from the ureteral orifice. Antegrade pyelogram was done which revealed a UIAF. Angiography was done and a covered stent was placed. Multiple treatment options are available. All must consider management of the arterial and ureteral side. The arterial side may be addressed by primary open repair, embolization with extra-anatomic vascular reconstruction, or endovascular stenting. The ureter can be managed with nephroureterectomy, ureteral reconstruction, placement of a nephrostomy tube, or ureteral stenting. Being minimally invasive, we believe that endovascular stenting should be the preferred therapeutic option as it also corrects the source of bleeding while preserving distal blood flow.

Analysis of related risk factors for pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Qi-Song Yu

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Objective: To explore the related risk factors for pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy to provide a theoretical evidence for effectively preventing the occurrence of pancreatic fistula. Methods: A total of 100 patients who were admitted in our hospital from January, 2012 to January, 2015 and had performed pancreaticoduodenectomy were included in the study. The related risk factors for developing pancreatic fistula were collected for single factor and Logistic multi-factor analysis. Results: Among the included patients, 16 had pancreatic fistula, and the total occurrence rate was 16% (16/100. The single-factor analysis showed that the upper abdominal operation history, preoperative bilirubin, pancreatic texture, pancreatic duct diameter, intraoperative amount of bleeding, postoperative hemoglobin, and application of somatostatin after operation were the risk factors for developing pancreatic fistula (P<0.05. The multi-factor analysis showed that the upper abdominal operation history, the soft pancreatic texture, small pancreatic duct diameter, and low postoperative hemoglobin were the dependent risk factors for developing pancreatic fistula (OR=4.162, 6.104, 5.613, 4.034, P<0.05. Conclusions: The occurrence of pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy is closely associated with the upper abdominal operation history, the soft pancreatic texture, small pancreatic duct diameter, and low postoperative hemoglobin; therefore, effective measures should be taken to reduce the occurrence of pancreatic fistula according to the patients’ own conditions.

Arterioureteral Fistula: Treatment of a Hemorrhagic Shock with Massive Hematuria by Placing a Balloon Catheter

Science.gov (United States)

Riquet, Hervé; Nicolacopoulos, Ioannis; Alame, Abbas

2017-01-01

Arterioureteral fistulas (AUF) are serious diseases with increasing incidence. This case report relates the management of AUF in a patient with a history of abdominal oncological surgery, pelvic radiotherapy, and a double J stent in place. The fistula was discovered during a hemorrhagic shock with massive hematuria. The bleeding was controlled by a balloon catheter which led to endovascular treatment consisting of a covered stent. PMID:28465857

Unusual Presentation of a Rectovestibular Fistula as Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage in a Postmenopausal Woman

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Olga Grechukhina

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Background. Anorectal malformations (ARMs are extremely rare and are usually identified neonatally. It is unusual for these cases to present in the postmenopausal period. This case report describes a postmenopausal patient with ARM and rectovaginal hemorrhage. Case. An 86-year-old, gravida 11, para 9, presented to the emergency department complaining of profuse postmenopausal vaginal bleeding. Her gynecologic history was significant only for an unclear history of an anal abnormality that was noted at birth. Speculum examination revealed profuse rectal bleeding from a rectovestibular fistula exterior to her hymenal ring. Colonoscopic examination revealed severe diverticular disease. Conclusion. This patient was born with an imperforate anus which resolved as rectovestibular fistula and ectopic anus. This case presents a rare clinical circumstance which integrates the fields of obstetrics, gynecology, gastroenterology, and embryology alike.

Successful treatment of an iatrogenic hepatic arteriobiliary fistula with an endobiliary covered stent graft: A case report

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Song, Hyun; Lee, Su Lim; Ku, Young Mi; Chun, Chang Woo [The Catholic Univ. of Korea, Uijeongbu (Korea, Republic of)

2012-07-15

Hepatic arteriobiliary fistula is a rare cause of hemobilia following percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage for treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Hemobilia related to arterial injury is resistant to conservative treatment. Therefore, transarterial embolization after confirmation of bleeding vessels on an angiogram is generally considered as the first line of treatment to stop arterial bleeding. However, in high risk situations such as a hepatic infarction by arterial embolization, the endobiliary approach with a covered stent can be considered as an alternative treatment method. The authors report a case of iatrogenic arteriobiliary fistula in a patient with hilar cholangiocarcinoma which was successfully controlled by an endobiliary covered stent graft.

Arterioureteral Fistula: Treatment of a Hemorrhagic Shock with Massive Hematuria by Placing a Balloon Catheter

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nicolas Merzeau

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Arterioureteral fistulas (AUF are serious diseases with increasing incidence. This case report relates the management of AUF in a patient with a history of abdominal oncological surgery, pelvic radiotherapy, and a double J stent in place. The fistula was discovered during a hemorrhagic shock with massive hematuria. The bleeding was controlled by a balloon catheter which led to endovascular treatment consisting of a covered stent.

Survival following Treatment of Aortoesophageal Fistula with Dual Esophageal and Aortic Intervention

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Soumitra K. Ghosh

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Aortoesophageal fistulas are a rare but commonly fatal complication of esophageal cancer. Reports of successfully managed cases are few, with high mortality and morbidity usually resulting from failure to control the initial massive haemodynamic insult. We report the case of a 47-year-old Caucasian man with recently diagnosed advanced esophageal cancer who suffered an episode of massive haematemesis. Emergency gastroscopy revealed an arterial bleeding point in the proximal esophagus. A self-expanding metal esophageal stent was placed to achieve initial partial haemostasis. CT angiography confirmed an aortoesophageal fistula. An endoluminal stent device was thus inserted within the thoracic aorta stabilising the bleeding point. The patient subsequently made an uneventful recovery and was discharged on long-term antibiotics for palliative care. He survived for 2 months at home before dying of disseminated malignancy. The successful use of esophageal stenting as a means of achieving haemostasis, allowing time for endovascular intervention, is as yet a relatively unexplored area of management of this rare condition.

Allograft Pancreatectomy: Indications and Outcomes.

Science.gov (United States)

Nagai, S; Powelson, J A; Taber, T E; Goble, M L; Mangus, R S; Fridell, J A

2015-09-01

This study evaluated the indications, surgical techniques, and outcomes of allograft pancreatectomy based on a single center experience. Between 2003 and 2013, 47 patients developed pancreas allograft failure, excluding mortality with a functioning pancreas allograft. Early graft loss (within 14 days) occurred in 16, and late graft loss in 31. All patients with early graft loss eventually required allograft pancreatectomy. Nineteen of 31 patients (61%) with late graft loss underwent allograft pancreatectomy. The main indication for early allograft pancreatectomy included vascular thrombosis with or without severe pancreatitis, whereas one recipient required urgent allograft pancreatectomy for gastrointestinal hemorrhage secondary to an arterioenteric fistula. In cases of late allograft pancreatectomy, graft failure with clinical symptoms such as abdominal discomfort, pain, and nausea were the main indications (13/19 [68%]), simultaneous retransplantation without clinical symptoms in 3 (16%), and vascular catastrophes including pseudoaneurysm and enteric arterial fistula in 3 (16%). Postoperative morbidity included one case each of pulmonary embolism leading to mortality, formation of pseudoaneurysm requiring placement of covered stent, and postoperative bleeding requiring relaparotomy eventually leading to femoro-femoral bypass surgery 2 years after allograftectomy. Allograft pancreatectomy can be performed safely, does not preclude subsequent retransplantation, and may be lifesaving in certain instances. © Copyright 2015 The American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons.

Pancreatic Fistula after Pancreatectomy: Definitions, Risk Factors, Preventive Measures, and Management—Review

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Norman Oneil Machado

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Resection of pancreas, in particular pancreaticoduodenectomy, is a complex procedure, commonly performed in appropriately selected patients with benign and malignant disease of the pancreas and periampullary region. Despite significant improvements in the safety and efficacy of pancreatic surgery, pancreaticoenteric anastomosis continues to be the “Achilles heel” of pancreaticoduodenectomy, due to its association with a measurable risk of leakage or failure of healing, leading to pancreatic fistula. The morbidity rate after pancreaticoduodenectomy remains high in the range of 30% to 65%, although the mortality has significantly dropped to below 5%. Most of these complications are related to pancreatic fistula, with serious complications of intra-abdominal abscess, postoperative bleeding, and multiorgan failure. Several pharmacological and technical interventions have been suggested to decrease the pancreatic fistula rate, but the results have been controversial. This paper considers definition and classification of pancreatic fistula, risk factors, and preventive approach and offers management strategy when they do occur.

Spontaneous acute subdural hematoma: A rare presentation of a dural intracranial fistula.

Science.gov (United States)

de Aguiar, Guilherme Brasileiro; Veiga, José Carlos Esteves; Silva, João Miguel de Almeida; Conti, Mario Luiz Marques

2016-03-01

Dural arteriovenous fistulas are acquired lesions between the meningeal arteries and their associated draining veins. They may have highly variable clinical presentations and evolution, from severe neurological deficit to no or trivial symptoms. Intracranial hemorrhage occurs in less than 24% of all dural fistulas, and the bleeding is usually subarachnoid, more infrequently intracerebral, and rarely in the subdural space. Here, we present a rare case of a patient who presented with a subdural spontaneous hemorrhage. After investigation by cerebral angiography, the diagnosis of a dural arteriovenous fistula was made. The patient underwent uneventful endovascular treatment. As there are with only a few reports in the literature of such a presentation, we present this patient and perform a brief review of the literature. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Management of complex anorectal fistulas with seton drainage plus partial fistulotomy and subsequent ligation of intersphincteric fistula tract (LIFT).

Science.gov (United States)

Schulze, B; Ho, Y-H

2015-02-01

Ligation of intersphincteric fistula tract (LIFT) is a relatively new technique in the treatment of complex anorectal fistulas. As it spares the anal sphincter, rates of post-operative incontinence may be lower when compared to conventional treatment. To date, there have not been enough reports of long-term fistula recurrence rates. We performed a long-term follow-up study of 75 patients who underwent LIFT following seton drainage and partial fistulotomy. Only patients with complex cryptogenic anorectal fistulas were included. After seton insertion and partial fistulotomy, the tract was reviewed at 4 months for the absence of anorectal sepsis. Patients then underwent LIFT in a day surgery setting. Operative time, complications, recurrences and incontinence were evaluated. Between May 2008 and June 2013, 75 patients [51 men, mean age 49.5 years, standard error of the mean (SEM) 1.4 years] were treated with a LIFT protocol. The mean operating time for LIFT was 13.2 min (SEM 1.5 min). Complications included minor bleeding, superficial wound dehiscence and perianal pain. At a mean follow-up of 14.6 months (SEM 1.7 months), there were nine (12 %) recurrences, diagnosed at a mean 9.2 months (SEM 2.7 months). They were treated with seton insertion followed by LIFT with biomesh or anorectal advancement flap, and there were no subsequent recurrences. Review of preoperative and post-operative continence scores revealed only one (1.3 %) patient with minor incontinence following LIFT. Recurrences were significantly related to fistulas with multiple tracts (p < 0.001). Our results suggest that the protocol of seton insertion and partial fistulotomy followed by LIFT is associated with a low recurrence rate comparing well with published results from studies involving other techniques and protocols for treating anal fistula.

CLINICAL STUDY OF FISTULA IN ANO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sushma Ramteke

2017-02-01

and seton tightening was done in two patients (4%, these were of high fistula type. Complete healing period range from 2 weeks to 8 weeks. Maximum patients (72% got healed in 3-6 weeks. The postoperative complication was very minimal. Recurrence of fistula was observed in two cases. Secondary infection in one case and postoperative bleeding in two cases. CONCLUSION The disease is common in the middle-aged group of 31-50 years with male predominance. Low socioeconomic status is one of the risk factor may be due to illiteracy and poor hygiene. Previously, burst abscess or inadequately drained perianal abscess is the main aetiological factor found. Low type and posterior type of perianal fistula is common with discharging sinus as a commonest mode of presentation. Fistulectomy is the commonest suitable procedure for low type of fistula with less postoperative complication.

Malignant colo-duodenal fistula; case report and review of the literature

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Williams Nigel

2006-12-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Colo-duodenal fistula is a rare complication of malignant and inflammatory bowel disease. Cases with malignant colo-duodenal fistulae can present with symptoms from the primary, from the fistula or from metastatic disease. The fistula often results in diarrhoea and vomiting with dramatic weight loss. Upper abdominal pain is usually present as is general malaise both from the presence of the disease and from the metabolic sequelae it causes. The diarrhoea relates to colonic bacterial contamination of the upper intestines rather than to a pure mechanical effect. Vomiting may be faeculant or truly faecal and eructation foul smelling but in the case reports this 'classic' symptomatology was often absent despite a fistula being present and patent enough to allow barium through it. Occasionally patients will present with a gastro-intestinal bleed. Case presentation We present an unusual case of colorectal carcinoma, where a 65 year old male patient presented with diarrhoea and vomiting secondary to a malignant colo-duodenal fistula near the hepatic flexure. Adenocarcinoma was confirmed on histology from a biopsy obtained during the patient's oesophageogastroduodenoscopy, and the fistula was demonstrated in his barium enema. Staging computed tomography showed a locally advanced carcinoma of the proximal transverse colon, with a fistula to the duodenum and regional lymphadenopathy. The patient was also found to have subcutaneous metastasis. Following discussions at the multidisciplinary meeting, this patient was referred for palliation, and died within 4 months after discharge from hospital. Conclusion We present the case, discuss the management and review the literature. Colo-duodenal fistulae from colonic primaries are rare but early diagnosis may allow curative surgery. This case emphasises the importance of accurate staging and repeated clinical examination.

Fístula arteriovenosa pós-nefrolitotripsia percutânea Arteriovenous fistula after percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis Alberto Batista Peres

2009-09-01

Full Text Available Fístula arteriovenosa (FAV é uma rara complicação pós-nefrolitotripsia percutânea (NLP. Apresentamos o caso de um paciente de 70 anos, sexo masculino, que apresentou sangramento maciço após NLP, tratado por angioembolização renal superseletiva com implante de stent. Após a embolização, houve resolução do sangramento. FAV é uma complicação incomum da NLP, que pode ser tratada com sucesso com angioembolização.Arteriovenous fistula (AVF is a rare complication of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL. We report the case of a 70-year-old man, who had massive bleeding after PNL and underwent treatment with superselective renal angiographic embolization and stent implantation. Bleeding resolved after embolization. Arteriovenous fistula is an uncommon complication of PNL, which may be successfully treated with angiographic embolization.

Aortoesophageal fistula in a child

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shasanka Shekhar Panda

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Aortoesophageal fistulae (AEF are rare and are associated with very high mortality. Foreign body ingestions remain the commonest cause of AEF seen in children. However in a clinical setting of tuberculosis and massive upper GI bleed, an AEF secondary to tuberculosis should be kept in mind. An early strong clinical suspicion with good quality imaging and endoscopic evaluation and timely aggressive surgical intervention helps offer the best possible management for this life threatening disorder. Our case is a 10-year-old boy who presented to the pediatric emergency with massive bouts of haemetemesis and was investigated and managed by multidisciplinary team effort in the emergency setting.

Spontaneous Carotid-Cavernous Fistula in the Type IV Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome.

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, Jeong Gyun; Cho, Won-Sang; Kang, Hyun-Seung; Kim, Jeong Eun

2014-02-01

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a rare inherited connective disease. Among several subgroups, type IV EDS is frequently associated with spontaneous catastrophic bleeding from a vascular fragility. We report on a case of carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) in a patient with type IV EDS. A 46-year-old female presented with an ophthalmoplegia and chemosis in the right eye. Subsequently, seizure and cerebral infarction with micro-bleeds occurred. CCF was completely occluded with transvenous coil embolization without complications. Thereafter, the patient was completely recovered. Transvenous coil embolization can be a good treatment of choice for spontaneous CCF with type IV EDS. However, every caution should be kept during invasive procedure.

Portal Hypertension Secondary to Spontaneous Arterio-Portal Venous Fistulas: Transcatheter Arterial Embolization with n-Butyl Cyanoacrylate and Microcoils

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yamagami, Takuji; Nakamura, Toshiyuki; Nishimura, Tsunehiko

2000-01-01

We report a 73-year-old man with recurrent variceal bleeding due to portal hypertension caused by multiple intrahepatic arterio-portal venous fistulas, which were successfully occluded by embolization with n-butyl cyanoacrylate and micro-coils

Spontaneous Carotid-Cavernous Fistula in the Type IV Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, Jeong Gyun; Cho, Won-Sang; Kim, Jeong Eun

2014-01-01

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a rare inherited connective disease. Among several subgroups, type IV EDS is frequently associated with spontaneous catastrophic bleeding from a vascular fragility. We report on a case of carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) in a patient with type IV EDS. A 46-year-old female presented with an ophthalmoplegia and chemosis in the right eye. Subsequently, seizure and cerebral infarction with micro-bleeds occurred. CCF was completely occluded with transvenous coil embolization without complications. Thereafter, the patient was completely recovered. Transvenous coil embolization can be a good treatment of choice for spontaneous CCF with type IV EDS. However, every caution should be kept during invasive procedure. PMID:24653803

CT finding of secondary aorto-enteric fistulae

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tacchini, Simona; Nicoletti, Roberto; Ghio, Domenica; Martinenghi, Carlo Maria Andrea; Del Maschio, Alessandro; Chiesa, Roberto

2005-01-01

Purpose. The aim of our study was to review CT finding concerning secondary aorto-enteric fistulae (AEF). In particular, we aimed to evaluate signs of contrast medium extravasation from the aortic graft into the bowel (active bleeding), in correlation with clinical and surgical reports. Materials and methods. Clinical and CT findings were retrospectively evaluated in 13 surgically proven cases of AEF. All patients underwent spiral CT examination with biphasic contrast technique, before and 30 and 80 seconds after intravenous injection of 120-150 ml of contrast medium (Ultravist 370; flow rate 2.5-3 ml/sec). Late scans (240 seconds) were also acquired on surgical anastomoses. We used 3 mm (arterial phase) and 5 mm (venous phase slices. Results. At surgery, all patients presented a communication between the bowel and the aortic graft. At CT examination, all 13 patients presented one or more CT signs indicating AEF (perigraft soft tissue, perigraft fluid, ectopic air or bowel wall thickening). Moreover, in 6 out of 13 patients, contrast medium extravasation from the aortic graft into the small bowel (active bleeding) was detected with CT. Detection of active bleeding was possible because CT examinations were performed without oral administration of contrast medium. Conclusions. CT is easily and readily available and provides an accurate evaluation of the aorta and surrounding retroperitoneal tissues. In our study we were able to identify the CT sign of active bleeding in more than a half of the patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding (66%). Hence, we suggest that patients undergo CT examination without oral contrast medium administration in order to better appreciate the presence of active bleeding [it

A combined technique using a muscular flap and endobronchial stent to repair complex broncho-oesophageal fistulae supported by ECMO.

Science.gov (United States)

Baste, Jean-Marc; Haddad, Laura; Philouze, Guillaume

2018-02-01

Certain broncho-oesophageal fistulae require surgical repair. Herein, we describe an innovative surgical technique combining intercostal flap and endobronchial stenting. Two patients, each with a with complex broncho-oesophageal fistula 2 years after radio-chemotherapy, were hospitalised for severe respiratory infection and extension of the fistula despite previous endoscopic treatment. The first patient presented with respiratory distress (ARDS). She had emergency surgery under extra corporeal membrane oxygenation: oesophagectomy and reconstruction of the left bronchus by a vascularised intercostal flap. Stenting was performed on day 10, due to persistence of the fistula. At 3 months the bronchus was healed, but the patient died of cerebral bleeding. For the second patient, repair was proposed before severe ARDS with the same surgical and ventilatory strategy and a stent was preventively inserted after surgery. After 3 months, the stent was removed and the left bronchus was healed. Complex post-radiotherapy broncho-oesophageal fistulae should be treated surgically before respiratory complications arise, by combining reconstruction with a vascularised flap and transient stenting.

Urethrovaginal fistula closure.

Science.gov (United States)

Clifton, Marisa M; Goldman, Howard B

2017-01-01

In the developed world, urethrovaginal fistulas are most the likely the result of iatrogenic injury. These fistulas are quite rare. Proper surgical repair requires careful dissection and tension-free closure. The objective of this video is to demonstrate the identification and surgical correction of an urethrovaginal fistula. The case presented is of a 59-year-old woman with a history of pelvic organ prolapse and symptomatic stress urinary incontinence who underwent vaginal hysterectomy, anterior colporrhaphy, posterior colporrhaphy, and synthetic sling placement. Postoperatively, she developed a mesh extrusion and underwent sling excision. After removal of her synthetic sling, she began to experience continuous urinary incontinence. Physical examination and cystourethroscopy demonstrated an urethrovaginal fistula at the midurethra. Options were discussed and the patient wished to undergo transvaginal fistula repair. The urethrovaginal fistula was intubated with a Foley catheter. The fistula tract was isolated and removed. The urethra was then closed with multiple tension-free layers. This video demonstrates several techniques for identifying and subsequently repairing an urethrovaginal fistula. Additionally, it demonstrates the importance of tension-free closure. Urethrovaginal fistulas are rare. They should be repaired with careful dissection and tension-free closure.

Treatment of Ureteroarterial Fistulae with Covered Vascular Endoprostheses and Ureteral Occlusion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bilbao, Jose I.; Cosin, Octavio; Bastarrika, Gorka; Rosell, David; Zudaire, Javier; Martinez-Cuesta, Antonio

2005-01-01

Background. Ureteroarterial fistulae (UAFs) are a rare entity, often difficult to identify, and associated with a high mortality rate. This fact has been attributed to a delay in diagnosis and treatment. Five conditions that can predispose to the development of this uncommon entity have been described: prior pelvic surgery, prolonged ureteral stenting, radiation therapy, previous vascular surgery and vascular pathology. Methods. We present 4 patients with UAFs and at least three of the above-mentioned conditions. Ureteral ischemia and subsequent necrosis promote the formation of these fistulae. The constant pulsation of the iliac artery is transmitted to an already compromised ureter containing a stiff intraluminal foreign body, resulting in pressure necrosis, most likely where the ureter crosses the iliac artery. Results and Conclusion. Cases were managed percutaneously with a combination of the deployment of a covered prosthesis and, when needed, with mechanical occlusion of the ureter. Hematuria stopped in all the patients with no evidence of immediate rebleeding. One patient presented a new episode of vaginal bleeding 13 months after endograft placement and ureteral embolization. Arteriography showed the presence of a hypogastric artery pseudoaneurysm that was occluded using coils. No new bleeding has occurred in this patient 12 months after the second embolization. At present all 4 patients are alive with follow-up periods of 5, 9, 11 and 25 months since the first procedure

Vesicovaginal Fistula

African Journals Online (AJOL)

user1

incidence of vesicovaginal fistula among populations. Globally, over two million women are estimated to be living with vesicovaginal fistula and majority are in. Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.6 The reported incidence rates of vesicovaginal fistula in West Africa range between 1– 4 per 1,000 deliveries.7–9 An annual.

Transmesocolic double gastro-enteric fistulas due to ingestion of 28 magnets

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adrian Surd

2018-05-01

Full Text Available Introduction: Accidental ingestion of magnetic foreign bodies has become more common due to increased availability of objects and toys with magnetic elements. The majority of them traverse the gastrointestinal system spontaneously without complication. However, ingestion of multiple magnets may require surgical resolution. Magnet ingestion usually does not cause serious complications, but in case of multiple magnet ingestion or ingestion of magnet and a metal object, it could cause intestinal obstruction, fistula formation or even perforation. Case report: We report case of a transmesocolic double gastro-enteric fistula formation following ingestion of 28 small magnets in a 17 months old boy. No history of foreign body ingestion could be obtained from parents therefore the patient was treated conservatively in a pediatric clinic for vomiting, dehydration, upper respiratory tract infection and suspicion of upper digestive tract bleeding. After 48 h he was sent in our clinic for surgical evaluation. Intraoperatively double transmesocolic gastro-enteric fistula was found. After separation of de gastric and enteral walls, resection of gastric wall and intestinal segment containing the two perforations was performed, followed by gastric suture in two layers and entero-enteric anastomosis. A total of 28 magnets were removed from the stomach and small intestine. Conclusion: Single magnet ingestion is treated as non-magnetic foreign body. Multiple magnet ingestion should be closely monitored and surgical approach could be the best option to prevent or to cure its complications. Keywords: Ingestion, Magnetic foreign body, Multiple magnets, Intestinal fistula, Children

Aortocaval fistula (ACF) in patients operated for ruptured aortic aneurysm (rAAA)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Warning, Karina; Houlind, Kim Christian; Ravn, Hans

Aortocaval fistula (ACF) in patients operated for Ruptured Acute Aorta Aneurysm (rAAA): A surgical challenge. Introduction Aortocaval fistula is a rare complication of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). It been reported to be present in less than 1% of all AAAs. ACF arise in patients with large...... aneurysms and is typically discovered peroperatively in patients with rAAA. Open surgical treatment is associated with high mortality and morbidity. ACF is a result of spontaneously rupture of large atherosclerotic aneurysms into the inferior vena cava in 80%, 15% arise after trauma and 5% are iatrogenic....... Patients During the last 9 month, we have operated three cases with rAAA and ACF. All patients had an open, acute operation. All ACFs detected during operation. Common for all operations was that the patients had large aneurysms (>10 cm) and extensive bleeding (3-4 l) immediately when the aneurysm...

Endoscopic Management of Gastrointestinal Leaks and Bleeding with the Over-the-Scope Clip: A Prospective Study

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mahesh Kumar Goenka

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Background/Aims The over-the-scope clip (OTSC is a device used for endoscopic closure of perforations, leaks and fistulas, and for endoscopic hemostasis. To evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of OTSC. Methods Between October 2013 and November 2015, 12 patients underwent OTSC placement by an experienced endoscopist. OTSC was used for the closure of gastrointestinal (GI leaks and fistula in six patients, three of which were iatrogenic (esophageal, gastric, and duodenal and three of which were inflammatory. In six patients, OTSC was used for hemostasis of non-variceal upper GI bleeding. Endoscopic tattooing using India ink was used to assist the accurate placement of the clip. Results All subjects except one with a colonic defect experienced immediate technical success as well as long-term clinical success, during a mean follow-up of 6 weeks. Only one clip was required to close each of the GI defects and to achieve hemostasis in all patients. There were no misfirings or complications of clips. The procedure was well tolerated, and patients were hospitalized for an average of 8 days (range, 3 to 10. Antiplatelet therapy was continued in patients with GI bleeding. Conclusions In our experience, OTSC was safe and effective for the closure of GI defect and to achieve hemostasis of non-variceal GI bleeding.

Laparoscopic repair of vesicovaginal fistulae with a transperitoneal approach at Universitas Gadjah Mada Urological Institute: a case report.

Science.gov (United States)

Soeroharjo, Indrawarman; Khalilullah, Said Alfin; Danarto, Raden; Yuri, Prahara

2018-02-25

A vesicovaginal fistula is an abnormal fistulous tract extending between the bladder and the vagina that allows the continuous involuntary discharge of urine into the vaginal vault. In addition, the sequelae from these fistulae have a profound effect on the patients in view of their physical, psychological, and social dimensions. The treatment of vesicovaginal fistula is surgical in most cases and the choice of the repair technique is controversial. We evaluated the benefits of a laparoscopic approach in a patient with vesicovaginal fistulae. Here, we present our first experience using a simplified laparoscopic approach technique to repair vesicovaginal fistulae in our country. A 46-year-old Javanese woman presented with urinary incontinence following an abdominal hysterectomy 3 months earlier and received laparoscopic repair. A cystoscopy was performed to confirm the fistula orifice and a stent was inserted into the fistula tract from her bladder to her vagina. A tamponade was inserted into her vagina up to the vaginal apex, to be able to identify the vagina. She had adhesions; therefore, adhesiolysis was performed using a combination of sharp and blunt dissection to expose the vaginal stump and the superior aspect of her bladder. A simple cystotomy was performed and extended to include the fistulae site, and then the defect was repaired by using a running stitch. A second layer of closure was performed in an imbricating fashion with the same suture. The vagina defect was not closed separately but covered with an omental flap. This procedure takes approximately 2.5 hours; estimated blood loss was minimal and there were no intraoperative complications. She had no recurrent symptoms 6 months after surgery. Our case report concludes that the simplified laparoscopic approach to vesicovaginal fistulae is a viable option for successful repair and that it reduces the size of bladder opening, causes minimal bleeding, and gives successful relief.

Technique to Avoid Hemodialysis Catheter in Patients with Failing Aneurysmal Arteriovenous Fistula by Creating a Concomitant New Arteriovenous Fistula.

Science.gov (United States)

Lara, Kelly A; Chua, Rochelle Anne; Vo, Trung D

2018-05-01

Autogenous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the primary recommended access for hemodialysis. Long-term use will not uncommonly result in AVF aneurysmal degeneration. Aneurysm-associated complications encompass pain, skin ulceration, infection, thrombosis, cannulation difficulties, and life-threatening bleeding. Various methods to repair aneurysmal AVFs have been described. However, there may be circumstances when this is not possible and require insertion of a temporary hemodialysis catheter (HDC) until a new arteriovenous access is created. We describe a case series of creating a new simultaneous AVF while continuing to use the primary failing aneurysmal AVF to avoid placement of an HDC. Once the new AVF becomes operational, the primary aneurysmal AVF can be abandoned. Six patients underwent simultaneous new AVF creation, 4 ipsilateral, and 2 contralateral. None of the patients developed symptomatic steal syndrome or congestive heart failure. Five of 6 patients had successful usage of the new AVF, and subsequently underwent ligation and excision of the aneurysmal AVF, thus avoiding a temporary HDC. Close monitoring for skin compromise and bleeding in the aneurysmal AVF is recommended while the new AVF matures. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

An Unexpected Complication of Bone Marrow Aspiration and Trephine Biopsy: Arteriovenous Fistula

Science.gov (United States)

Berber, Ilhami; Erkurt, Mehmet Ali; Kuku, Irfan; Kaya, Emin; Kutlu, Ramazan; Koroglu, Mustafa; Yigit, Ali; Unlu, Serkan

2014-01-01

Objective To report a case of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) following bone marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy. Clinical Presentation and Intervention A 76-year-old man was diagnosed with acute myeloblastic leukemia. Pain and hematoma were detected in his left leg and hip 4 days after bone marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy. A pelvic arteriography was performed, and a diagnosis of AVF was made. Conclusion This case shows that clinicians should be aware of AVF, especially in cases with refractory bleeding after bone marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy despite normal blood coagulation parameters. PMID:24481007

Vaginal Fistula

Science.gov (United States)

Vaginal fistula Overview A vaginal fistula is an abnormal opening that connects your vagina to another organ, such as your bladder, colon or rectum. Your ... describe the condition as a hole in your vagina that allows stool or urine to pass through ...

Contemporary Management of Secondary Aortoduodenal Fistula.

Science.gov (United States)

Howard, Ryan; Kurz, Sarah; Sherman, Matthew A; Underhill, Joshua; Eliason, Jonathan L; Coleman, Dawn M

2015-11-01

Secondary aortoduodenal fistula (SADF) is a rare, life-threatening complication of abdominal aortic reconstruction. Clinical presentation varies and treatment requires complex surgical repair associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. This retrospective study examines the contemporary management of SADF at a tertiary vascular surgical practice. Thirteen patients were managed for SADF between 2004 and 2014. Vascular and duodenal reconstructions were considered. Primary end points included bile leak, major complications, and mortality. Of the 13 patients presenting with SADF, 6 presented with luminal blood loss. During mean follow-up (632 days), the rate of major complication was 77%. Overall, 38% developed duodenal leak. All leaks occurred after graft explantation with extra-anatomic bypass, and the majority of these patients (80%) had no preceding history of acute gastrointestinal (GI) bleed. There were no leaks identified after duodenal exclusion with gastrojejunostomy. Patients that developed duodenal leak had longer mean intensive care unit length of stay (LOS; 7.0 vs. 2.3 days, P = 0.004), longer mean overall hospital LOS (36.6 vs. 18.5 days, P = 0.012), and greater late mortality (40% vs. 13%). There were 2 SADF-related deaths. Overall mortality trended higher in females (67% vs. 20%, P = 0.125) and those that presented without acute GI bleed (43% vs. 17%, P = 0.308). Surgical reconstruction for SADF results in major morbidity. Those presenting with acute GI bleed trended toward better outcomes than those without. Duodenal leak remains a serious complication. Duodenal exclusion may represent a more appropriate and conservative approach for management of the duodenal defect in select patients. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Coronary to Bronchial Artery Fistula Causing Massive Hemoptysis in Patients with Longstanding Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yoon, Ji Young; Jeon, Eui Yong; Lee, In Jae; Koh, Sung Hye [Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang (Korea, Republic of)

2012-01-15

We report on three cases of longstanding pulmonary tuberculosis patients with coronary to bronchial artery fistula (CBF) who presented with recurrent massive hemoptysis. The first and second patients died because of decreased functional pulmonary volume plus massive hemoptysis and cannulation failure of CBF due to hypovolemic vasospasm, respectively. When recurrent hemoptysis occurs despite successful embolization treatment, CBF should be considered as a potential bleeding source. Moreover, a coronary angiography should be performed, especially in patients with longstanding cardiopulmonary disease such as pulmonary tuberculosis.

Reliability of Oronasal Fistula Classification.

Science.gov (United States)

Sitzman, Thomas J; Allori, Alexander C; Matic, Damir B; Beals, Stephen P; Fisher, David M; Samson, Thomas D; Marcus, Jeffrey R; Tse, Raymond W

2018-01-01

Objective Oronasal fistula is an important complication of cleft palate repair that is frequently used to evaluate surgical quality, yet reliability of fistula classification has never been examined. The objective of this study was to determine the reliability of oronasal fistula classification both within individual surgeons and between multiple surgeons. Design Using intraoral photographs of children with repaired cleft palate, surgeons rated the location of palatal fistulae using the Pittsburgh Fistula Classification System. Intrarater and interrater reliability scores were calculated for each region of the palate. Participants Eight cleft surgeons rated photographs obtained from 29 children. Results Within individual surgeons reliability for each region of the Pittsburgh classification ranged from moderate to almost perfect (κ = .60-.96). By contrast, reliability between surgeons was lower, ranging from fair to substantial (κ = .23-.70). Between-surgeon reliability was lowest for the junction of the soft and hard palates (κ = .23). Within-surgeon and between-surgeon reliability were almost perfect for the more general classification of fistula in the secondary palate (κ = .95 and κ = .83, respectively). Conclusions This is the first reliability study of fistula classification. We show that the Pittsburgh Fistula Classification System is reliable when used by an individual surgeon, but less reliable when used among multiple surgeons. Comparisons of fistula occurrence among surgeons may be subject to less bias if they use the more general classification of "presence or absence of fistula of the secondary palate" rather than the Pittsburgh Fistula Classification System.

Surgical Management of Enterocutaneous Fistula

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, Suk Hwan

2012-01-01

Enterocutaneous (EC) fistula is an abnormal connection between the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and skin. The majority of EC fistulas result from surgery. About one third of fistulas close spontaneously with medical treatment and radiologic interventions. Surgical treatment should be reserved for use after sufficient time has passed from the previous laparotomy to allow lysis of the fibrous adhesion using full nutritional and medical treatment and until a complete understanding of the anatomy of the fistula has been achieved. The successful management of GI fistula requires a multi-disciplinary team approach including a gastroenterologist, interventional radiologist, enterostomal therapist, dietician, social worker and surgeons. With this coordinated approach, EC fistula can be controlled with acceptable morbidity and mortality.

Vesicovaginal fistula in Uganda.

Science.gov (United States)

McCurdie, Fiona Katherine; Moffatt, Joanne; Jones, Kevin

2018-03-09

Kitovu Hospital in Masaka, Uganda, is a leading obstetric fistula repair centre in the country with the highest rates of fistula in the world. In this retrospective case review, the regional incidence and causative factors were studied in patients with vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) who were admitted at Kitovu Hospital. Fistula history included severity (ICIQ score), causes and outcomes of VVF were measured. Women suffered with symptoms of VVF for an average of 4.97 years with an average ICIQ severity score of 7.21. Patients travelled an average distance of 153 km and the majority travelled by public transport. Rates of prolonged labour were high. 69% of fistula-causing delivery resulted in stillbirth and 12% resulted in early neonatal death. Following surgery, 94% of patients were dry on discharge. Impact statement What is already known on this subject? Vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) is a severe, life-changing injury. Although largely eradicated from the Western world thanks to modern obstetric practice, VVF is still highly prevalent in developing countries where factors such as young childbearing age and poor access to emergency obstetric care increase the incidence (Wall et al. 2005 ). At the current rate of fistula repair, it is estimated that it would take 400 years to treat those already suffering with fistula, providing that no new cases emerged (Browning and Patel 2004 ). What do the results of this study add? The Ugandan women in this study reiterate tales of foetal loss, social isolation and epic journeys in search of fistula repair, as previously described in the literature. The study offers some hope for prompt help-seeking during labour and after fistulas are developed. It demonstrates the success of fistula repairs at Kitovu Hospital but highlights the paucity of service provision across Uganda. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Further epidemiological research is required to quantify the true

Interventional treatment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients of hepatic carcinoma accompanied with hepatic artery-portal vein shunting

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li Jijun; Shang Jianqiang; Liu Zuoqin; Tang Jun; Sun Zengtao; Chen Jie; Zhang Lei; Liu Hongjun; Zhou Zhaohai

2011-01-01

Objective: To explore the diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy of interventional procedure for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients of hepatic carcinoma accompanied with hepatic artery-portal vein shunting (HAPVS). Methods: Clinical data of 27 patients of hepatic carcinoma accompanied with HAPVS were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent hepatic arterial angiography and transcatheter arterial embolization. Shunts were embolized with coils, Gelfoam particles or PVA particles. Results: Of 27 patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding, central type HAPVS was seen in 16 and peripheral type HAPVS in 11. Reversed portal venous flow was detected in 20 cases and ascites was found in 23 cases. The abnormal shunts were successfully occluded in all patients and the bleeding ceased within 2 days after embolization. No recurrent bleeding occurred in one month after the treatment. Ascites disappeared in 16 cases and subsided in 7 cases. Conclusion: HAPVS is an important cause for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients of hepatic carcinoma, and the arteriovenous fistula can be confirmed with hepatic artery DSA. Embolization of fistulous orifice is the most effective therapy for such patients. (authors)

The second branchial cleft fistula.

Science.gov (United States)

Maddalozzo, John; Rastatter, Jeffrey C; Dreyfuss, Heath F; Jaffar, Reema; Bhushan, Bharat

2012-07-01

To review the surgical anatomy and histopathology of second branchial cleft fistulae. Retrospective study of patients treated for second branchial cleft fistulae at a tertiary care pediatric hospital. The senior author noted anatomic and histologic features of second branchial cleft fistulae, not previously described. Tertiary care children's hospital. Retrospective examination of 28 patients was conducted who were operated upon for second branchial cleft fistula. Data collected included age at surgery, initial presentation, imaging characteristics prior to surgery, laterality of the fistula tract, pathology results and follow-up data. Twenty-eight patients met the criteria for inclusion. Three patients (11%) had bilateral fistulae. 11 (39%) were male and 17 (61%) were female. 23 (74.2%) tracts were lined with ciliated columnar epithelium, 3 (9.7%) had cuboidal epithelium, and 5 (16.7%) had squamous epithelium. Nineteen (61.3%) tracts contained salivary tissue. Of the unilateral fistula tracts, 25 (100%) were on the right side. Of the 3 patients with bilateral lesions, 2 (66%) had associated branchio-oto-renal syndrome (BORS). Second branchial cleft fistulae are rare. They are usually right-sided. If bilateral fistulae are present, one should consider an underlying genetic disorder. The histology of the fistulae mostly demonstrates ciliated columnar epithelium with the majority of specimens showing salivary tissue. There is a clear association with the internal jugular vein (IJV). Dissection should continue until superior to the hyoid bone, ensuring near complete surgical dissection and less risk of recurrence. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Operative treatment of radiation-induced fistulae

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Balslev, I.; Harling, H.

1987-01-01

Out of 136 patients with radiation-induced intestinal complications, 45 had fistulae. Twenty-eight patients had rectovaginal fistulae while the remainder had a total of 13 different types of fistulae. Thirty-seven patients were treated operatively and eight were treated conservatively. Thirty-three patients were submitted to operation for rectal fistulae. Of these, 28 were treated by defunctioning colostomy, three were treated by Hartmann's method and resection and primary anastomosis was carried out in two patients. In the course of the period of observation, 35% of the patients developed new radiation damage. The frequency in the basic material without fistulae was 21% (0.05< p<0.10). Following establishment of defunctioning colostomy on account of rectovaginal fistulae in 25 patients, eight patients developed new fistulae, Significantly more patients with fistulae died of recurrence as compared with patients with other lesions (p<0.01). Defunctioning colostomy in the treatment of rectal fistula is a reasonable form of treatment in elderly patients and in case of recurrence. Younger patients should be assessed in a special department in view of the possibility of a sphincter-preserving procedure following resection of the rectum and restorative anastomosis. (author)

Operative treatment of radiation-induced fistulae

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Balslev, I.; Harling, H.

1987-01-01

Out of 136 patients with radiation-induced intestinal complications, 45 had fistulae. Twenty-eight patients had rectovaginal fistulae while the remainder had a total of 13 different types of fistulae. Thirty-seven patients were treated operatively and eight were treated conservatively. Thirty-three patients were submitted to operation for rectal fistulae. Of these, 28 were treated by defunctioning colostomy, three were treated by Hartmann's method and resection and primary anastomosis was carried out in two patients. In the course of the period of observation, 35% of the patients developed new radiation damage. The frequency in the basic material without fistulae was 21% (0.05fistulae in 25 patients, eight patients developed new fistulae, Significantly more patients with fistulae died of recurrence as compared with patients with other lesions (p<0.01). Defunctioning colostomy in the treatment of rectal fistula is a reasonable form of treatment in elderly patients and in case of recurrence. Younger patients should be assessed in a special department in view of the possibility of a sphincter-preserving procedure following resection of the rectum and restorative anastomosis. 11 refs.

Management of anal fistula by ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Zirak-Schmidt, Samira; Perdawood, Sharaf

2014-01-01

INTRODUCTION: Ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract (LIFT) is a sphincter-preserving procedure for treatment of anal fistulas described in 2007 by Rojanasakul et al. Several studies have since then assessed the procedure with varied results. This review assesses the relevant literature o...

Perimenopausal Bleeding and Bleeding After Menopause

Science.gov (United States)

... Patients About ACOG Perimenopausal Bleeding and Bleeding After Menopause Home For Patients Search FAQs Perimenopausal Bleeding and ... 2011 PDF Format Perimenopausal Bleeding and Bleeding After Menopause Gynecologic Problems What are menopause and perimenopause? What ...

Congenital broncho-oesophageal fistula

African Journals Online (AJOL)

1983-04-09

Apr 9, 1983 ... Rigid bronchoscopy performed under general anaesthesia .... Blackburn WR, Armour)' RA. Congenital esophago-pulmonary fistulas without esophageal atresia: an analysis of 260 fistulas in infants, children and adults.

Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate and Iatrogenic Arteriovenous Fistula Treated by Superselective Arterial Embolization

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anastasios D. Asimakopoulos

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Iatrogenic pelvic pseudoaneurysm with concomitant arteriovenous fistula has been described as a rare and challenging complication, which may occur during transurethral resection of the prostate. We provide the first report of this complication after holmium laser enucleation of the prostate for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. The attempt to control the bleeding by conversion to open surgery and placement of haemostatic stitches into the prostatic fossa failed. Angiography with superselective arterial embolization proved to be a modern, quick, safe, and efficient treatment of this uncommon complication.

Massive hemobilia due to hepatic arteriobiliary fistula during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancretography: An extremely rare guidewir-related complication

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nam, Jeong Gu; Seo, Young Woo; Hwang, Jae Cheol; Weon, Young Cheol; Kang, Byeong Seong; Bang, Sung Jo; Bang, Min Seo [Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan (Korea, Republic of)

2015-05-15

Although endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is an effective modality for diagnosis and treatment of biliary and pancreatic diseases, the risk for procedure-related complications is high. Hemorrhage is one of major complications of ERCP. Most ERCP-associated bleeding is primarily a complication related to sphincterotomy rather than diagnostic ERCP. We are reporting a case of massive hemobilia due to hepatic arteriobiliary fistula caused by guidewire-associated injury during ERCP, which was successfully treated with transarterial embolization of the hepatic artery.

Video-Assisted Anal Fistula Treatment: Pros and Cons of This Minimally Invasive Method for Treatment of Perianal Fistulas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Michal Romaniszyn

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Purpose. The purpose of this paper is to present results of a single-center, nonrandomized, prospective study of the video-assisted anal fistula treatment (VAAFT. Methods. 68 consecutive patients with perianal fistulas were operated on using the VAAFT technique. 30 of the patients had simple fistulas, and 38 had complex fistulas. The mean follow-up time was 31 months. Results. The overall healing rate was 54.41% (37 of the 68 patients healed with no recurrence during the follow-up period. The results varied depending on the type of fistula. The success rate for the group with simple fistulas was 73.3%, whereas it was only 39.47% for the group with complex fistulas. Female patients achieved higher healing rates for both simple (81.82% versus 68.42% and complex fistulas (77.78% versus 27.59%. There were no major complications. Conclusions. The results of VAAFT vary greatly depending on the type of fistula. The procedure has some drawbacks due to the rigid construction of the fistuloscope and the diameter of the shaft. The electrocautery of the fistula tract from the inside can be insufficient to close wide tracts. However, low risk of complications permits repetition of the treatment until success is achieved. Careful selection of patients is advised.

[Surgical treatment of anal fistula].

Science.gov (United States)

Zeng, Xiandong; Zhang, Yong

2014-12-01

Anal fistula is a common disease. It is also quite difficult to be solved without recurrence or damage to the anal sphincter. Several techniques have been described for the management of anal fistula, but there is no final conclusion of their application in the treatment. This article summarizes the history of anal fistula management, the current techniques available, and describes new technologies. Internet online searches were performed from the CNKI and Wanfang databases to identify articles about anal fistula management including seton, fistulotomy, fistulectomy, LIFT operation, biomaterial treatment and new technology application. Every fistula surgery technique has its own place, so it is reasonable to give comprehensive individualized treatment to different patients, which may lead to reduced recurrence and avoidance of damage to the anal sphincter. New technologies provide promising alternatives to traditional methods of management. Surgeons still need to focus on the invention and improvement of the minimally invasive techniques. Besides, a new therapeutic idea is worth to explore that the focus of surgical treatment should be transferred to prevention of the formation of anal fistula after perianal abscess.

Martius procedure revisited for urethrovaginal fistula

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

N P Rangnekar

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Background: Urethrovaginal fistula is a dreadful com-plication of obstetric trauma due to prolonged labour or obstetric intervention commonly seen in developing coun-tries. Due to prolonged ischaemic changes, the fistula is resistant to healing. The strategic location of the fistula leads to postoperative impairment of continence mecha-nism. Anatomical repair was previously the commonest mode of surgical management, but was associated with a miserable cumulative cure rate ranging from 16-60%. Hence we tried to study the efficacy of Martius procedure in the management of urethrovaginal fistula. Material and Methods: We studied the outcome of 12 urethrovaginal fistulae, all caused by obstetric trauma, treated surgically with Martius procedure in 8 and with anatomical repair in 4, retrospectively. 9 patients had re-current fistulae while I patient had multiple fistulae. Pa-tients were followed up for the period ranging from 6 months to 4′/2 years for fistula healing, continence and postoperative complications like dvspareunia. Results: Cumulative cure rate ofMartius procedure was 87.5% with no postoperative stress incontinence, while fistula healing rate of anatomical repair was only 25% (I patient out of 4 which was also complicated by Intrin-sic Sphincter Deficiency (ISD. In case of recurrent fistu-lae the success rate of anatomical repair was 0% compared to 83.33% with Martius procedure. Conclusions: Martius procedure has shown much bet-ter overall cure rate compared to anatomical repair be-cause - a it provides better reinforcement to urethral suture line, b it provides better blood supply and lymph drainage to the ischaemic fistulous area, c provides sur-face for epithelialization and, d helps to maintain conti-nence. Hence we recommend Martius procedure as a surgical modality for the treatment of urethrovaginal fis-tula.

Spontaneous intrapartum vesicouterine fistula.

Science.gov (United States)

Kaaki, Bilal; Gyves, Michael; Goldman, Howard

2006-02-01

Vesicouterine fistulae as an obstetrical complication have been reported only in women with a history of cesarean. We present a patient with no such history who developed a vesicouterine fistula after vaginal delivery. A 43-year-old gravida 5 at term with no history of cesarean presented in the latent phase of labor. Gross hematuria was noted intrapartum, and a foley catheter was placed. A cystogram showed an extraperitoneal bladder perforation. The patient had urinary incontinence despite Foley catheter drainage. The diagnosis of vesicouterine fistula was made by cystoscopy and fistulogram. The patient had a successful repair at 3 months. This is a rare case of a vesicouterine fistula developing during a pregnancy with no previous cesarean. Accurate diagnosis is essential because surgical repair has an excellent outcome.

A Case of an Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Due to a Ruptured Dissection of a Right Aortic Arch

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Born, Christine; Forster, Andreas; Rock, Clemens; Pfeifer, Klaus-Juergen; Rieger, Johannes; Reiser, Maximilian

2003-01-01

We report a case of severe upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage with a rare underlying cause. The patient was unconscious when he was admitted to the hospital. No chest radiogram was performed. Routine diagnostic measures, including endoscopy, failed to reveal the origin of the bleeding, which was believed to originate from the esophagus secondary to a peptic ulcer or varices. Exploratory laparotomy added no further information, but contrast-enhanced multislice computed tomography (MSCT) of the chest showed dextroposition of the widened aortic arch with a ruptured type-B dissection and a consecutive aorto-esophageal fistula (AEF). The patient died on the day of admission. Noninvasive MSCT angiography gives rapid diagnostic information on patients with occult upper gastrointestinal bleeding and should be considered before more invasive conventional angiography or surgery

An Arteriovenous Fistula Between the Internal Mammary Artery and the Pulmonary Vein Following Blunt Chest Trauma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ito, T.; Sakamoto, Toshihisa; Norio, Hirofumi; Kaji, Tatsumi; Okada, Yoshiaki

2005-01-01

A 67-year-old man suffered a traffic accident and was transferred to an emergency hospital close to the scene. He was diagnosed to have bilateral pneumohemothorax with a lung contusion, an anterior fracture dislocation of the C6-vertebra and a cervical cord injury at the level of C7. On the 48th day, massive hemoptysis was suddenly recognized. He was transferred in a state of shock to our hospital to undergo hemostasis for the bleeding. On the day of admission, a selective arteriogram showed extravasation from the left bronchial artery, for which embolization was carried out using Gelfoam. In spite of this treatment, his hemoptysis continued. On the next day, a selective left internal mammary arteriogram showed an arteriovenous fistula between the left internal mammary artery and the left pulmonary vein without any apparent extravasation. The arteriovenous fistula was successfully embolized using platinum fiber coils. The patient no longer demonstrated any hemoptysis after embolization

The Management of Delayed Post-Pneumonectomy Broncho-Pleural Fistula and Esophago-Pleural Fistula

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dongsub Noh

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Broncho-pleural fistula (BPF and esophago-pleural fistula (EPF after pulmonary resection are challenging to manage. BPF is controlled by irrigation and sterilization, but such therapy is not sufficient to promote closure of EPF, which usually requires surgical management. However, it is generally difficult to select an appropriate surgical method for closure of BPF and EPF. Here, we report a case of concomitant BPF and EPF after left completion pneumonectomy, in which both fistulas were closed through a right thoracotomy.

Endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair complicated by spondylodiscitis and iliaco-enteral fistula.

Science.gov (United States)

de Koning, Heleen D; van Sterkenburg, Steven M M; Pierie, Maurice E N; Reijnen, Michel M P J

2008-06-01

Infections of abdominal aortic endografts are rare. There are no reports on the association with spondylodiscitis. We report a case of a 74-year-old man who underwent endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) and subsequently femorofemoral bypass placement due to occlusion of the right limb of the endograft. Six months later, he presented with rectal bleeding, weight loss, back pain, and low abdominal pain. Computed tomography revealed extensive abscess formation with air in and around the endograft and psoas muscles, in continuity with destructive spondylodiscitis L3-4. There was a small bowel loop in close proximity to the occluded right leg of the endograft, which was filled with air bubbles. An axillofemoral bypass was created followed by a laparotomy. Intra-operatively, an iliaco-enteral fistula was found. The small bowel defect was sutured, the endograft completely removed, and the infrarenal aorta and both common iliac arteries were closed. Necrotic fragments of the former L3-4 disk were removed. The postoperative course was uneventful. Seven months postoperatively, the patient had recovered well. Iliaco-enteric fistula and spondylodiscitis are rare complications of aortic aneurysm repair. This is the first report of spondylodiscitis after EVAR.

Fatal aortoesophageal fistula resulting from ingestion of chicken bone

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ahmed, M.; Aslam, M.; Saeed, M.; Atique, M.

2007-01-01

A 22-year-old soldier was admitted in Combined Military Hospital, Attock, with dysphagia, chest pain and haemetemesis after swallowing a chicken bone during the dinner. The symptoms relieved spontaneously next day. The chest X-ray on the day of admission raised possibility of a radiopaque foreign body in the lower oesophagus. Repeat X-ray of chest and Barium swallow on next day did not reveal any radiopaque shadow, filling defect or leakage. He was discharged after 3 days of observation, during which, he remained asymptomatic. Nine days later, he was re-admitted in Combined Military Hospital, Multan, with massive haemetemesis. The endoscopy was inconclusive as stomach was full of blood clots. Laparotomy revealed triangular piece of chicken bone in the stomach associated with bleeding gastric erosions. The bleeding sites were stitched and cauterized. Postoperatively, he complained of pain in the left side of chest associated with breathlessness. X-ray of chest and ultrasound examination showed fluid collection in the pleural cavity. On chest intubation, 500 ml of blood stained fluid was drained. There was no haemetemesis in the postoperative period and gastric aspirate remained clear. One week later, he had massive haemetemesis, went into cardiac arrest and expired. Postmortem examination showed the cause of death to be aortoesophageal fistula. (author)

MRI in evaluation of perianal fistulae

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sofic, Amela; Beslic, Serif; Sehovic, Nedzad; Caluk, Jasmin; Sofic, Damir

2010-01-01

Fistula is considered to be any abnormal passage which connects two epithelial surfaces. Parks’ fistulae classification demonstrates the biggest practical significance and divides fistulae into: intersphincteric, transsphincteric, suprasphincteric and extrasphincteric. Etiology of perianal fistulae is most commonly linked with the inflammation of anal glands in Crohn’s disease, tuberculosis, pelvic infections, pelvic malignant tumours, and with the radiotherapy. Diagnostic method options are: RTG fistulography, CT fistulography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of pelvic organs. We have included 24 patients with perirectal fistulae in the prospective study. X-rays fistulography, CT fistulography, and then MRI of the pelvic cavity have been performed on all patients. Accuracy of each procedure in regards to the patients and the etiologic cause have been statistically determined. 29.16% of transphincteric fistulae have been found, followed by 25% of intersphincteric, 25% of recto-vaginal, 12.5% of extrasphincteric, and 8.33% of suprasphincteric. Abscess collections have been found in 16.6% patients. The most frequent etiologic cause of perianal fistulae was Crohn’s disease in 37.5%, where the accuracy of classification of MRI was 100%, CT was 11% and X-rays 0%. Ulcerous colitis was the second cause, with 20.9% where the accuracy of MRI was 100%, while CT was 80% and X-rays was 0%. All other etiologic causes of fistulae were found in 41.6% patients. MRI is a reliable diagnostic modality in the classification of perirectal fistulae and can be an excellent diagnostic guide for successful surgical interventions with the aim to reduce the number of recurrences. Its advantage is that fistulae and abscess are visible without the need to apply any contrast medium

Traumatic subarachnoid-pleural fistula

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brown, W.H.; Stothert, J.C. Jr.

1985-01-01

Traumatic subarachnoid-pleural fistulas are rare. The authors found nine cases reported since 1959. Seven have been secondary to trauma and two following thoracotomy. One patient's death is thought to be directly related to the fistula. The diagnosis should be suspected in patients with a pleural effusion and associated vertebral trauma. The diagnosis can usually be confirmed with contrast or radioisotopic myelography. Successful closure of the fistula will usually occur spontaneously with closed tube drainage and antibiotics; occasionally, thoracotomy is necessary to close the rent in the dura

Rectourethral fistula following LDR brachytherapy.

Science.gov (United States)

Borchers, Holger; Pinkawa, Michael; Donner, Andreas; Wolter, Timm P; Pallua, Norbert; Eble, Michael J; Jakse, Gerhard

2009-01-01

Modern LDR brachytherapy has drastically reduced rectal toxicity and decreased the occurrence of rectourethral fistulas to <0.5% of patients. Therefore, symptoms of late-onset sequelae are often ignored initially. These fistulas cause severe patient morbidity and require interdisciplinary treatment. We report on the occurrence and management of a rectourethral fistula which occurred 4 years after (125)I seed implantation. Copyright 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Cleft Palate Fistula Closure Utilizing Acellular Dermal Matrix

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Omri Emodi, DMD

2018-03-01

Full Text Available Summary:. Fistulas represent failure of cleft palate repair. Secondary and tertiary fistula repair is challenging, with high recurrence rates. In the present retrospective study, we review the efficacy of using acellular dermal matrix as an interposition layer for cleft palate fistula closure in 20 consecutive patients between 2013 and 2016. Complete fistula closure was obtained in 16 patients; 1 patient had asymptomatic recurrent fistula; 2 patients had partial closure with reduction of fistula size and minimal nasal regurgitation; 1 patient developed a recurrent fistula without changes in symptoms (success rate of 85%. We conclude that utilizing acellular dermal matrix for cleft palate fistula repair is safe and simple with a high success rate.

Cleft Palate Fistula Closure Utilizing Acellular Dermal Matrix.

Science.gov (United States)

Emodi, Omri; Ginini, Jiriys George; van Aalst, John A; Shilo, Dekel; Naddaf, Raja; Aizenbud, Dror; Rachmiel, Adi

2018-03-01

Fistulas represent failure of cleft palate repair. Secondary and tertiary fistula repair is challenging, with high recurrence rates. In the present retrospective study, we review the efficacy of using acellular dermal matrix as an interposition layer for cleft palate fistula closure in 20 consecutive patients between 2013 and 2016. Complete fistula closure was obtained in 16 patients; 1 patient had asymptomatic recurrent fistula; 2 patients had partial closure with reduction of fistula size and minimal nasal regurgitation; 1 patient developed a recurrent fistula without changes in symptoms (success rate of 85%). We conclude that utilizing acellular dermal matrix for cleft palate fistula repair is safe and simple with a high success rate.

Enterocutaneous fistula: a novel video-assisted approach.

Science.gov (United States)

Rios, Hugo Palma; Goulart, André; Rolanda, Carla; Leão, Pedro

2017-09-01

Video-assisted anal fistula treatment (VAAFT) is a novel minimally invasive and sphincter-saving technique to treat complex anal fistulas described by Meinero in 2006. An enterocutaneous fistula is an abnormal communication between the bowel and the skin. Most cases are secondary to surgical complications, and managing this condition is a true challenge for surgeons. Postoperative fistulas account for 75-85% of all enterocutaneous fistulas. The aim of paper was to devise a minimally invasive technique to treat enterocutaneous fistulas. We used the same principles of VAAFT applied to other conditions, combining endoluminal vision of the tract with colonoscopy to identify the internal opening. We present a case of a 78-year-old woman who was subjected to a total colectomy for cecum and sigmoid synchronous adenocarcinoma. The postoperative course was complicated with an enterocutaneous fistula, treated with conservative measures, which recurred during follow-up. We performed video-assisted fistula treatment using a fistuloscope combined with a colonoscope. Once we identified the fistula tract, we performed cleansing and destruction of the tract, applied synthetic cyanoacrylate and sealed the internal opening with clips through an endoluminal approach. The patient was discharged 5 days later without complications. Two months later the wound was completely healed without evidence of recurrence. This procedure represents an alternative treatment for enterocutaneous fistula using a minimally invasive technique, especially in selected patients not able to undergo major surgery.

Rectal bleeding and its management after irradiation for cervix cancer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chun, Mi Son; Kang, Seung Hee; Kil, Hoon Jong; Oh, Young Taek; Sohn, Jeong Hye; Ryu, Hee Suk; Lee, Kwang Jae; Jung, Hye Young

2002-01-01

Radiotherapy is the main treatment modality for uterine cervix cancer. Since the rectum is in the radiation target volume, rectal bleeding is a common late side effect. The study evaluates the risk factors of radiation induced rectal bleeding and discusses its optimal management. A total of 213 patients who completed external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and intracavitary radiation (ICR) between September 1994 and December 1999 were included in this study. No patient had undergone concurrent chemo-radiotherapy. Ninety patients received radiotherapy according to a modified hyperfractionated schedule. A midline block was placed at a pelvic dose of between 30.6 Gy to 39.6 Gy. The total parametrial dose from the EBRT was 51 to 59 Gy depending on the extent of their disease. The point A dose from the HDR brachytherapy was 28 Gy to 30 Gy (4 Gy x 7, or 5 Gy x 6). The rectal point dose was calculated either by the ICRU 38 guideline, or by anterior rectal wall point seen on radiographs, with barium contrast. Rectal bleeding was scored by the LENT/SOMA criteria. For the management of rectal bleeding, we opted for observation, sucralfate enema or coagulation based on the frequency or amount of bleeding. The median follow-up period was 39 months (12 ∼ 86 months). The incidence of rectal bleeding was 12.7% (27/213); graded as 1 in 9 patients, grade 2 in 16 and grade 3 in 2. The overall moderate and severe rectal complication rate was 8.5%. Most complications (92.6%) developed within 2 years following completion of radiotherapy (median 16 months). No patient progressed to rectal fistula or obstruction during the follow-up period. In the univariate analysis, three factors correlated with a high incidence of bleeding: an icruCRBED greater than 100 Gy (19.7% vs. 4.2%), an EBRT dose to the parametrium over 55 Gy (22.1% vs. 5.1%) and higher stages of III and IV (31.8% vs. 10.5%). In the multivariate analysis, the icruCRBED was the only significant factor (ρ > 0.0432). The total

Pancreatic pseudocyst-portal vein fistula: Serial imaging and clinical follow-up from pseudocyst to fistula

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jee, Keun Nahn [Dept. of Radiology, Dankook University Hospital, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan (Korea, Republic of)

2015-03-15

Pancreatic pseudocyst-portal vein fistula is an extremely rare complication of pancreatitis. Only 18 such cases have been previously reported in the medical literature. However, a serial process from pancreatic pseudocyst to fistula formation has not been described. The serial clinical and radiological findings in a 52-year-old chronic alcoholic male patient with fistula between pancreatic pseudocyst and main portal vein are presented.

Imaging features of colovesical fistulae on MRI.

Science.gov (United States)

Tang, Y Z; Booth, T C; Swallow, D; Shahabuddin, K; Thomas, M; Hanbury, D; Chang, S; King, C

2012-10-01

MRI is routinely used in the investigation of colovesical fistulae at our institute. Several papers have alluded to its usefulness in achieving the diagnosis; however, there is a paucity of literature on its imaging findings. Our objective was to quantify the MRI characteristics of these fistulae. We selected all cases over a 4-year period with a final clinical diagnosis of colovesical fistula which had been investigated with MRI. The MRI scans were reviewed in a consensus fashion by two consultant uroradiologists. Their MRI features were quantified. There were 40 cases of colovesical fistulae. On MRI, the fistula morphology consistently fell into three patterns. The most common pattern (71%) demonstrated an intervening abscess between the bowel wall and bladder wall. The second pattern (15%) had a visible track between the affected bowel and bladder. The third pattern (13%) was a complete loss of fat plane between the affected bladder and bowel wall. MRI correctly determined the underlying aetiology in 63% of cases. MRI is a useful imaging modality in the diagnosis of colovesical fistulae. The fistulae appear to have three characteristic morphological patterns that may aid future diagnoses of colovesical fistulae. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first publication of the MRI findings in colovesical fistulae.

Enterovesical Fistulae: Aetiology, Imaging, and Management

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tomasz Golabek

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Background and Study Objectives. Enterovesical fistula (EVF is a devastating complication of a variety of inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. Radiological imaging plays a vital role in the diagnosis of EVF and is indispensable to gastroenterologists and surgeons for choosing the correct therapeutic option. This paper provides an overview of the diagnosis of enterovesical fistulae. The treatment of fistulae is also briefly discussed. Material and Methods. We performed a literature review by searching the Medline database for articles published from its inception until September 2013 based on clinical relevance. Electronic searches were limited to the keywords: “enterovesical fistula,” “colovesical fistula” (CVF, “pelvic fistula”, and “urinary fistula”. Results. EVF is a rare pathology. Diverticulitis is the commonest aetiology. Over two-thirds of affected patients describe pathognomonic features of pneumaturia, fecaluria, and recurrent urinary tract infections. Computed tomography is the modality of choice for the diagnosis of enterovesical fistulae as not only does it detect a fistula, but it also provides information about the surrounding anatomical structures. Conclusions. In the vast majority of cases, this condition is diagnosed because of unremitting urinary symptoms after gastroenterologist follow-up procedures for a diverticulitis or bowel inflammatory disease. Computed tomography is the most sensitive test for enterovesical fistula.

Cholesteatoma labyrinthine fistula: prevalence and impact.

Science.gov (United States)

Rosito, Letícia P Schmidt; Canali, Inesângela; Teixeira, Adriane; Silva, Mauricio Noschang; Selaimen, Fábio; Costa, Sady Selaimen da

2018-03-09

Labyrinthine fistula is one of the most common complications associated with cholesteatoma. It represents an erosive loss of the endochondral bone overlying the labyrinth. Reasons for cholesteatoma-induced labyrinthine fistula are still poorly understood. Evaluate patients with cholesteatoma, in order to identify possible risk factors or clinical findings associated with labyrinthine fistula. Secondary objectives were to determine the prevalence of labyrinthine fistula in the study cohort, to analyze the role of computed tomography and to describe the hearing results after surgery. This retrospective cohort study included patients with an acquired middle ear cholesteatoma in at least one ear with no prior surgery, who underwent audiometry and tomographic examination of the ears or surgery at our institution. Hearing results after surgery were analyzed according to the labyrinthine fistula classification and the employed technique. We analyzed a total of 333 patients, of which 9 (2.7%) had labyrinthine fistula in the lateral semicircular canal. In 8 patients, the fistula was first identified on image studies and confirmed at surgery. In patients with posterior epitympanic and two-route cholesteatomas, the prevalence was 5.0%; and in cases with remaining cholesteatoma growth patterns, the prevalence was 0.6% (p=0.16). In addition, the prevalence ratio for labyrinthine fistula between patients with and without vertigo was 2.1. Of patients without sensorineural hearing loss before surgery, 80.0% remained with the same bone conduction thresholds, whereas 20.0% progressed to profound hearing loss. Of patients with sensorineural hearing loss before surgery, 33.33% remained with the same hearing impairment, whereas 33.33% showed improvement of the bone conduction thresholds' Pure Tone Average. Labyrinthine fistula must be ruled out prior to ear surgery, particularly in cases of posterior epitympanic or two-route cholesteatoma. Computed tomography is a good diagnostic

Physiologic assessment of coronary artery fistula

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gupta, N.C.; Beauvais, J. (Creighton Univ., Omaha, NE (USA))

1991-01-01

Coronary artery fistula is an uncommon clinical entity. The most common coronary artery fistula is from the right coronary artery to the right side of the heart, and it is less frequent to the pulmonary artery. The effect of a coronary artery fistula may be physiologically significant because of the steal phenomenon resulting in coronary ischemia. Based on published reports, it is recommended that patients with congenital coronary artery fistulas be considered candidates for elective surgical correction to prevent complications including development of congestive heart failure, angina, subacute bacterial endocarditis, myocardial infarction, and coronary aneurysm formation with rupture or embolization. A patient is presented in whom treadmill-exercise thallium imaging was effective in determining the degree of coronary steal from a coronary artery fistula, leading to successful corrective surgery.

Physiologic assessment of coronary artery fistula

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gupta, N.C.; Beauvais, J.

1991-01-01

Coronary artery fistula is an uncommon clinical entity. The most common coronary artery fistula is from the right coronary artery to the right side of the heart, and it is less frequent to the pulmonary artery. The effect of a coronary artery fistula may be physiologically significant because of the steal phenomenon resulting in coronary ischemia. Based on published reports, it is recommended that patients with congenital coronary artery fistulas be considered candidates for elective surgical correction to prevent complications including development of congestive heart failure, angina, subacute bacterial endocarditis, myocardial infarction, and coronary aneurysm formation with rupture or embolization. A patient is presented in whom treadmill-exercise thallium imaging was effective in determining the degree of coronary steal from a coronary artery fistula, leading to successful corrective surgery

MR evaluation of CSF fistulae

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gupta, V.; Goyal, M.; Mishra, N.; Gaikwad, S.; Sharma, A.

1997-01-01

Purpose: To evaluate the role of MR imaging in the localisation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistulae. Material and Methods: A total of 36 consecutive unselected patients with either clincally proven CSF leakage (n=26) or suspected CSF fistula (n=10) were prospectively evaluated by MR. All MR examinations included fast spin-echo T2-weighted images in the 3 orthogonal planes. Thin-section CT was performed following equivocal or negative MR examination. MR and CT findings were correlated with surgical results in 33 patients. Results: CSF fistula was visualised as a dural-bone defect with hyperintense fluid signal continuous with that in the basal cisterns on T2-weighted images. MR was positive in 26 cases, in 24 of which the fistula was confirmed surgically. In 2 patients the CSF leakage was directly demonstrated on MR. MR sensitivity of 80% compared favourably with the reported 46-81% of CT cisternography (CTC). No significant difference in MR sensitivity in detecting CSF fistula was found between active and inactive leaks. (orig.)

The "Fistula VAC," a technique for management of enterocutaneous fistulae arising within the open abdomen: report of 5 cases.

Science.gov (United States)

Goverman, Jeremy; Yelon, Jay A; Platz, John Joseph; Singson, Rufino C; Turcinovic, Michael

2006-02-01

Management of intestinal fistulae in open abdominal wounds remains a significant clinical challenge for those caring for patients surviving damage control abdominal operations. Breaking the cycle of tissue inflammation, infection, and sepsis, resulting from leakage of enteric contents, should be a major goal in the approach to these complex patients. We describe a technique utilizing vacuum assisted closure (VAC) which achieves control of enteric flow from fistulae in open abdominal wounds. The fistula-VAC is fashioned from standard sponge supplies, negative pressure pumps, and ostomy appliances. The fistula-VAC was changed every three days prior to split thickness skin grafting, and every five days following grafting. Five patients underwent application of the fistula-VAC. All patients had complete diversion of enteric contents. This enteric diversion allowed for successful skin grafting in all patients. Application of the fistula-VAC should be considered a useful option in treating patients with intestinal fistulae in open abdominal wounds.

Vesicovaginal Fistula Repair During Pregnancy

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Vesicovaginal Fistula Repair During Pregnancy: A Case Report ... Abstract. We report a repair of Vesicovaginal fistula during pregnancy that was aimed at preventing another spontaneous ... practices that encourage teenage marriage and girl.

Enterocutaneous fistula: A review of 82 cases

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2012-06-15

Jun 15, 2012 ... the fistulas occurred after abdominal operations; many by general practitioners. After treatment for ... Address for correspondence: Dr. Gabriel E. ... sex of the patients, origin of the fistula, volume of the fistula output, type of ...

Relying on Visiting Foreign Doctors for Fistula Repair: The Profile of Women Attending Fistula Repair Surgery in Somalia.

Science.gov (United States)

Gele, Abdi A; Salad, Abdulwahab M; Jimale, Liban H; Kour, Prabhjot; Austveg, Berit; Kumar, Bernadette

2017-01-01

Obstetric fistula is treatable by surgery, although access is usually limited, particularly in the context of conflict. This study examines the profile of women attending fistula repair surgery in three hospitals in Somalia. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Somalia from August to September 2016. Structured questionnaires were administered to 81 women who registered for fistula repair surgery in the Garowe, Daynile, and Kismayo General Hospitals in Somalia. Findings revealed that 70.4% of the study participants reported obstetric labor as the cause of their fistula, and 29.6% reported iatrogenic causes. Regarding the waiting time for the repair surgery, 45% waited for the surgery for over one year, while the rest received the surgery within a year. The study suggests that training for fistula surgery has to be provided for healthcare professionals in Somalia, fistula centers should be established, and access to these facilities has to be guaranteed for all patients who need these services.

Angiodysplasia in gaint diverticulum of transverse duodenum causing massive gastrointestinal bleeding: a case report

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Choi, Pil Yeob; Lee, Sang Wook; Kwon, Jae Soo; Sung, Young Soon; Rho, Myoung Ho; Hwon, Oh Joon [Sungkyunkwan Univ. College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

1998-12-01

The incidence of duodenal diverticulum found incidentally during upper gastrointestinal roentgenographic examination varies between 2% and 5%. The majority of cases occur along the medial aspect of the second portion of the duodenum, within 2.5 cm of the ampulla of Vater. The majority of duodenal diverticual are asymptomatic, but in some cases, complications such as diverticulitis, hemorrhage, perforation, and fistula formation occur in the third and fourth portions of the duodenum. We describe a case of giant diverticulum of the transverse duodenum, revealed by UGI and angiography, massive gastrointestinal bleeding in a 80-year-old patient.=20.

Novel Use of a Pneumatic Compression Device for Haemostasis of Haemodialysis Fistula Access Catheterisation Sites

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

O’Reilly, Michael K., E-mail: moreilly1@mater.ie; Ryan, David; Sugrue, Gavin; Geoghegan, Tony; Lawler, Leo P.; Farrelly, Cormac T. [Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Department of Interventional Radiology (Ireland)

2016-12-15

PurposeTransradial pneumatic compression devices can be used to achieve haemostasis following radial artery puncture. This article describes a novel technique for acquiring haemostasis of arterio-venous haemodialysis fistula access sites without the need for suture placement using one such compression device.Materials and MethodsA retrospective review of fistulograms with or without angioplasty/thrombectomy in a single institution was performed. 20 procedures performed on 12 patients who underwent percutaneous intervention of failing or thrombosed arterio-venous fistulas (AVF) had 27 puncture sites. Haemostasis was achieved using a pneumatic compression device at all access sites. Procedure details including size of access sheath, heparin administration and complications were recorded.ResultsTwo diagnostic fistulograms, 14 fistulograms and angioplasties and four thrombectomies were performed via access sheaths with an average size (±SD) of 6 Fr (±1.12). IV unfractionated heparin was administered in 11 of 20 procedures. Haemostasis was achieved in 26 of 27 access sites following 15–20 min of compression using the pneumatic compression device. One case experienced limited bleeding from an inflow access site that was successfully treated with reinflation of the device for a further 5 min. No other complication was recorded.ConclusionsHaemostasis of arterio-venous haemodialysis fistula access sites can be safely and effectively achieved using a pneumatic compression device. This is a technically simple, safe and sutureless technique for acquiring haemostasis after AVF intervention.

Spontaneous cholecystocutaneous fistula in a dog.

Science.gov (United States)

Marquardt, Shelly A; Rochat, Mark C; Johnson-Neitman, Jennifer L

2012-01-01

The purpose of this case report was to describe the surgical correction of a cholecystocutaneous fistula in a dog. A 6 yr old Vizsla presented with a 2 mo history of a chronic draining wound on the right ventral thorax. Diagnostics revealed numerous fistulous tracts opening at a single site on the right ventrolateral chest wall, extending caudodorsally through the chest wall and diaphragm to the region of the right medial liver lobe. Exploratory laparotomy revealed the apex of the gallbladder adhered to the diaphragm with a tract of fibrous tissue extending along the diaphragm laterally to the right thoracic wall. Cholecystectomy was performed. The fistulous tract was incised to expose the lumen of the fistula, and the fistula was omentalized. Twenty-eight months after surgery, the dog had had no recurrence of the fistulous tract. Exploratory laparotomy allowed excellent visualization of the intra-abdominal path of the fistula and facilitated the ease of resection of the source. Cholecystectomy resulted in rapid and complete resolution of the fistula without the need for excision of the fistula. Although rare, gallbladder disease should be a differential for chronic fistulous tracts.

Imaging diagnosis of dural and direct cavernous carotid fistulae

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Santos, Daniela dos; Monsignore, Lucas Moretti; Nakiri, Guilherme Seizem; Cruz, Antonio Augusto Velasco e; Colli, Benedicto Oscar; Abud, Daniel Giansante, E-mail: danisantos2404@gmail.com [Universidade de Sao Paulo (HCFMRP/USP), Ribeirao Preto, SP (Brazil). Faculdade de Medicina. Hospital das Clinicas

2014-07-15

Arteriovenous fistulae of the cavernous sinus are rare and difficult to diagnose. They are classified into dural cavernous sinus fistulae or direct carotid-cavernous fistulae. Despite the similarity of symptoms between both types, a precise diagnosis is essential since the treatment is specific for each type of fistula. Imaging findings are remarkably similar in both dural cavernous sinus fistulae and carotid-cavernous fistulae, but it is possible to differentiate one type from the other. Amongst the available imaging methods (Doppler ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and digital subtraction angiography), angiography is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis and classification of cavernous sinus arteriovenous fistulae. The present essay is aimed at didactically presenting the classification and imaging findings of cavernous sinus arteriovenous fistulae. (author)

Gastrobronchial fistula after toothbrush ingestion.

Science.gov (United States)

Karcher, Jan Christoph; von Buch, Christoph; Waag, Karl-Ludwig; Reinshagen, Konrad

2006-10-01

Gastrobronchial fistulous communications are uncommon complications of disease processes with only 36 previously reported cases. Described as complication of a number of conditions, such as previous gastroesophageal surgery, subphrenic abscess, and gastric ulcers (Jha P, Deiraniya A, Keeling-Robert C, et al. Gastrobronchial fistula--a recent series. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Sur 2003;2:6-8), we report a case of fistulization caused by ingestion of a foreign body. A patient with mental retardation, admitted for the treatment of osteomyelitis, presented during hospitalization symptoms of high fever, vomiting, and respiratory distress. Endoscopy showed the presence of a gastrobronchial fistula, which developed after ingestion of a toothbrush. The toothbrush was extracted endoscopically, and the fistula was subsequently closed by surgery. The patient recovered completely. We report the first case of a gastrobronchial fistula as a complication of foreign body ingestion.

Posterior cranial fossa arteriovenous fistula with presenting as caroticocavernous fistula

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Liu, H M; Shih, H C; Huang, Y C; Wang, Y H [Dept. of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (Taiwan)

2001-05-01

We report cases of posterior cranial fossa arteriovenous fistula (AVF) with presenting with exophthalmos, chemosis and tinnitus in 26- and 66-year-old men. The final diagnoses was vertebral artery AVF and AVF of the marginal sinus, respectively. The dominant venous drainage was the cause of the unusual presentation: both drained from the jugular bulb or marginal sinus, via the inferior petrosal and cavernous sinuses and superior ophthalmic vein. We used endovascular techniques, with coils and liquid adhesives to occlude the fistulae, with resolution of the symptoms and signs. (orig.)

Posterior cranial fossa arteriovenous fistula with presenting as caroticocavernous fistula

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu, H.M.; Shih, H.C.; Huang, Y.C.; Wang, Y.H.

2001-01-01

We report cases of posterior cranial fossa arteriovenous fistula (AVF) with presenting with exophthalmos, chemosis and tinnitus in 26- and 66-year-old men. The final diagnoses was vertebral artery AVF and AVF of the marginal sinus, respectively. The dominant venous drainage was the cause of the unusual presentation: both drained from the jugular bulb or marginal sinus, via the inferior petrosal and cavernous sinuses and superior ophthalmic vein. We used endovascular techniques, with coils and liquid adhesives to occlude the fistulae, with resolution of the symptoms and signs. (orig.)

Post-Anastomotic Enterocutaneous Fistulas: Associated Factors and ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

after gut resection and anastomosis and explored those related to spontaneous closure of the fistulas. Objective. To determine the factors associated with the occurrence and spontane- ous closure of enterocutaneous fistulas. Design. A retrospective, hospital-based study of patients who developed enterocutaneous fistulas ...

Management of fistula-in-ano: An introduction

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

AM El-Tawil

2011-01-01

Peri-anal fistulae are a worldwide health problem that can affect any person anywhere. Surgical management of these fistulae is not free from risks. Recurrence and fecal incontinence are the most common complica-tions after surgery. The cumulative personal surgical experience in managing cases with anal fistulae is sig-nificantly considered as necessary for obtaining better results with minimal adverse effects after surgery. The purpose for conducting this survey is to facilitate better outcome after surgical interventions in idiopathic anal fistulae' cases.

Milk Fistula: Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment.

Science.gov (United States)

Larson, Kelsey E; Valente, Stephanie A

2016-01-01

Milk fistula is an uncommon condition which occurs when there is an abnormal connection that forms between the skin surface and the duct in the breast of a lactating woman, resulting in spontaneous and often constant drainage of milk from this path of least resistance. A milk fistula is usually a complication that results from a needle biopsy or surgical intervention in a lactating patient. Here, the authors present an unusual case of a spontaneous milk fistula which developed from an abscess in the breast of a lactating woman. The patient initially presented to the office with a large open wound on her breast, formed from skin breakdown, within which milk was pooling. She was treated with local wound care and cessation of breastfeeding, with appropriate healing of the wound and closure of the fistula with 6 weeks. Diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of milk fistula were reviewed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Vesicovaginal fistula: a review of nigerian experience.

Science.gov (United States)

Ijaiya, M A; Rahman, A G; Aboyeji, A P; Olatinwo, A W; Esuga, S A; Ogah, O K; Raji, H O; Adebara, I O; Akintobi, A O; Adeniran, A S; Adewole, A A

2010-01-01

Vesicovaginal fistula is a preventable calamity, which has been an age-long menace in developing countries. To review the causes, complications, and outcome of Vesicovaginal fistula in Nigeria. Studies on Vesicovaginal fistula were searched on the internet. Information was obtained on PubMed(medline), WHO website, Bioline International, African Journal of Line, Google scholar, Yahoo, Medscape and e Medicine. Many Nigerian women are living with Vesicovaginal fistula. The annual obstetric fistula incidence is estimated at 2.11 per 1000 births. It is more prevalent in northern Nigeria that southern Nigeria. Obstetric fistula accounts for 84.1%-100% of the Vesicovaginal fistula and prolonged obstructed labour is consistently the most common cause (65.9%-96.5%) in all the series. Other common causes include caesarean section, advanced cervical cancer, uterine rupture, and Gishiri cut. The identified predisposing factors were early marriage and pregnancy, which were rampant in northern Nigeria, while unskilled birth attendance and late presentation to the health facilities was common nationwide. Among the significant contributory factors to high rate of unskilled birth attendance and were poverty, illiteracy, ignorance, restriction of women's movement, non-permission from husband and transportation. All but one Nigerian studies revealed that primiparous women were the most vulnerable group. Pregnancy outcome was dismal in most cases related to delivery with still birth rate of 87%-91.7%. Stigmatization, divorce and social exclusion were common complications. Overall fistula repair success rate was between 75% and 92% in a few centres that offer such services. Vesicovaginal fistula is prevalent in Nigeria and obstetric factors are mostly implicated. It is a public health issue of concern.

Hemodynamic Simulations in Dialysis Access Fistulae

Science.gov (United States)

McGah, Patrick; Leotta, Daniel; Beach, Kirk; Riley, James; Aliseda, Alberto

2010-11-01

Arteriovenous fistulae are created surgically to provide adequate access for dialysis in patients with End-Stage Renal Disease. It has long been hypothesized that the hemodynamic and mechanical forces (such as wall shear stress, wall stretch, or flow- induced wall vibrations) constitute the primary external influence on the remodeling process. Given that nearly 50% of fistulae fail after one year, understanding fistulae hemodynamics is an important step toward improving patency in the clinic. We perform numerical simulations of the flow in patient-specific models of AV fistulae reconstructed from 3D ultrasound scans with physiologically-realistic boundary conditions also obtained from Doppler ultrasound. Comparison of the flow features in different geometries and configurations e.g. end-to-side vs. side-to-side, with the in vivo longitudinal outcomes will allow us to hypothesize which flow conditions are conducive to fistulae success or failure. The flow inertia and pulsatility in the simulations (mean Re 700, max Re 2000, Wo 4) give rise to complex secondary flows and coherent vortices, further complicating the spatio- temporal variability of the wall pressure and shear stresses. Even in mature fistulae, the anastomotic regions are subjected to non-physiological shear stresses (>10.12pcPa) which may potentially lead to complications.

[External pancreatic fistulas management].

Science.gov (United States)

Stepan, E V; Ermolov, A S; Rogal', M L; Teterin, Yu S

The main principles of treatment of external postoperative pancreatic fistulas are viewed in the article. Pancreatic trauma was the reason of pancreatic fistula in 38.7% of the cases, operations because of acute pancreatitis - in 25.8%, and pancreatic pseudocyst drainage - in 35.5%. 93 patients recovered after the treatment. Complex conservative treatment of EPF allowed to close fistulas in 74.2% of the patients with normal patency of the main pancreatic duct (MPD). The usage of octreotide 600-900 mcg daily for at least 5 days to decrease pancreatic secretion was an important part of the conservative treatment. Endoscopic papillotomy was performed in patients with major duodenal papilla obstruction and interruption of transporting of pancreatic secretion to duodenum. Stent of the main pancreatic duct was indicated in patients with extended pancreatic duct stenosis to normalize transport of pancreatic secretion to duodenum. Surgical formation of anastomosis between distal part of the main pancreatic duct and gastro-intestinal tract was carried out when it was impossible to fulfill endoscopic stenting of pancreatic duct either because of its interruption and diastasis between its ends, or in the cases of unsuccessful conservative treatment of external pancreatic fistula caused by drainage of pseudocyst.

Behavior of pharyngocutaneous fistula

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Reynaldo Gonzalez, Maria de los Angeles; Trinchet Soler, Rafael; Perez Fernandez, Julia; Alvarez Borges, Francisco Emilio

2010-01-01

INTRODUCTION. The pharyngocutaneous fistula is clinically detected by appearance of saliva together with deglutition. It is more frequent in postoperative period of total laryngectomies and may to appear in a spontaneous way by dehiscence of pharyngeal suture provoked by deglutition movements of patient or to go with a infection or necrosis. METHODS. A descriptive and bilateral study was conducted on the behavior of pharyngocutaneous fistulas in Cervicofacial Oncology Surgery Service of ''Vladimir Ilich Lenin'' University Hospital in Holguin province. Study sample included all patients operated on by total laryngectomy from 2003 to 2008. There was a total 158 patients and all underwent a manual closure of hypofarynx. RESULTS. Fistulas were present in the 5,6% of cases. The 77,7% of patients had underwent radiotherapy before surgery and the 66,4% of them underwent tracheostomies at surgical operation. In all patients operated on by pharyngotome there was postsurgical sepsis and feeding was started at 10 and 12 days in the 88,4% of cases. CONCLUSIONS. The wide predominance of male patients is directly related to usual toxic habits in this sex. Presurgical tracheostomy is accepted by surgeons as a risk factor for development of fistula, but in present paper wasn't significant. Onset of oral feeding in patients presenting with layngectomies must to fluctuate between 10 and 14 days, never before, but there isn't a hypopharynx healing allowing the foods passage. Also, so it is possible to avoid the appearance of complications like the pharyngocutaneous fistulas. (author)

Causes and management of postoperative enterocutaneous fistulas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Memon, A.S.; Siddiqui, F.G

2004-01-01

Objective: To identify the causes of postoperative enterocutaneous fistulas and to evaluate the results of conservative and operative treatment including the effectiveness of octreotide in the management of these fistulas. Subjects and Methods: Forty patients with postoperative fistula were studied. Demographic variables, causes and management outcome was observed and recorded. Results: There were 25 males and 15 females with 50% of the patients being in age group of 21-30 years. Emergency surgery for typhoid perforation(45%) and intestinal tuberculosis (30%) were the commonest causes. Ileum and jejunum were the commonest sites of fistulation found in 85% cases. Twenty-one patients were started on conservative treatment with spontaneous closure occurring in 15 (71.4%) patients. Nineteen patients were operated within three days of admission due to generalized peritonitis (73.7%) and local intra-abdominal collections (26.3%). Wound infection was the commonest complication in the operative group. The mortality rate in this series was 7.5%. All the deaths occurred following surgery. Conclusion: Postoperative enterocutaneous fistula has a high morbidity and a significant mortality. Sepsis in the peritoneal cavity is the major cause of mortality. Conservative treatment has a good outcome for these fistulas. The use of octreotide is highly recommended as it definitely converts high output fistulas to low output fistulas. (author)

Modified prosthesis for the treatment of malignant esophagotracheal fistula

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Buess, G.; Schellong, H.; Kometz, B.; Gruessner, R.J.; Junginger, T.

1988-01-01

Esophagotracheal fistula is usually a sequela of irradiation or laser treatment of advanced carcinoma of the esophagus or the tracheobronchial tree. Resection of the tumor in these cases is not possible, and palliative bypass surgery is highly risky. The peroral placement of a prosthesis is less invasive, but conventional prostheses often fail to occlude the fistula. The authors regularly use an endoscopic multiple-diameter bougie for dilation. After dilation, a specially designed prosthesis is pushed through the tumor stenosis to block the fistula. This procedure can be done without general anesthesia. The funnels of conventional prostheses cannot cover the fistula when there is either a wide, proximal esophagus above the fistula or a high fistula. To cope with this particular situation, a special fistula funnel was developed. It perfectly occludes the fistulas in all patients. Of 21 patients, 19 were discharged without further aspiration

Sexual violence-related fistulas in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Science.gov (United States)

Onsrud, Mathias; Sjøveian, Solbjørg; Luhiriri, Roger; Mukwege, Dennis

2008-12-01

To determine the magnitude of traumatic gynecologic fistulas caused by sexual violence in the Democratic Republic of Congo. A retrospective analysis of hospital records from 604 consecutive patients who received treatment for gynecologic fistulas at Panzi Hospital between November 2005 and November 2007. Of the 604 patients, 24 (4%) reported that their fistulas had been caused by sexual violence; of these, 5 (0.8%) had developed fistulas as a direct result of forced penetration with foreign objects and/or gang rapes. Of the remaining patients, 6 had a fistula before they were raped, 9 developed iatrogenic fistulas following inappropriate instrumentation to manage rape-induced spontaneous abortion or stillbirth, or after abdominal hysterectomy, and 4 developed fistulas after prolonged and obstructed labor. Traumatic fistulas are rare compared to obstetric fistulas. Fistulas indirectly related to sexual violence are likely to be more common than those directly related. All fistulas resulting from sexual violence, whether direct or indirect, should be considered traumatic and special care should be given to these women.

Collaural Fistula: A Case Report

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kalyan Pal

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Introduction Collaural fistula or cervico-aural fistula is rare and accounts for less than 8% of branchial cleft anomalies. Their rarity and diverse presentations have frequently led to misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment. Case Report We report one such case of a 7 year old girl who presented to us with two discharging cutaneous openings on the left side; one in the floor of the left external auditory canal and another in the upper neck and lower face (infra-auricular region. Discussion Surgical exploration and excision is the definitive treatment of a collaural fistula. A sinus/ fistula opening into the external auditory canal, should be removed with skin and cartilage. If more than 30% of the circumference of the external auditory canal is denuded, split thickness skin grafting and stenting are recommended. The potential post-operative complications are facial nerve paralysis and recurrence of the lesion. Fistulogram is a useful diagnostic tool.

Benign Duodenocolic Fistula: a Case Report.

Science.gov (United States)

Soheili, Marzieh; Honarmand, Shirin; Soleimani, Heshmatollah; Elyasi, Anvar

2015-08-01

Benign duodenocolic fistula (DCF), known as a fistula between the duodenum and colon with or without cecum of nonmalignant origin, is an unusual complication of different gastrointestinal diseases. The present paper records a case in which the patient presented with chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss as well as having a history of gastric ulcer. Most frequently the condition presents with signs of malabsorption such as weight loss and diarrhea, but other symptoms include nausea, vomiting (sometimes with fecal), and abdominal pain. Gastrointestinal inflammatory conditions are the usual causes. The most common ones are perforated duodenal ulcer and Crohn's disease. Barium enemas are usually diagnostic. Treatment consists of excising the fistula and repairing the duodenal and colonic defects. Closure of the fistula provides quick relief.

Urinary tract infection among fistula patients admitted at Hamlin fistula hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Science.gov (United States)

Dereje, Matifan; Woldeamanuel, Yimtubezinesh; Asrat, Daneil; Ayenachew, Fekade

2017-02-16

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) causes a serious health problem and affects millions of people worldwide. Patients with obstetric fistula usually suffer from incontinence of urine and stool, which can predispose them to frequent infections of the urinary tract. Therefore the aim of this study was to determine the etiologic agents, drug resistance pattern of the isolates and associated risk factor for urinary tract infection among fistula patients in Addis Ababa fistula hospital, Ethiopia. Across sectional study was conducted from February to May 2015 at Hamlin Fistula Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Socio-demographic characteristics and other UTI related risk factors were collected from study participants using structured questionnaires. The mid-stream urine was collected and cultured on Cysteine lactose electrolyte deficient agar and blood agar. Antimicrobial susceptibility was done by using disc diffusion method and interpreted according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Out of 210 fistula patients investigated 169(80.5%) of the patient were younger than 25 years. Significant bacteriuria was observed in 122/210(58.1%) and 68(55.7%) of the isolates were from symptomatic cases. E.coli 65(53.7%) were the most common bacterial pathogen isolated followed by Proteus spp. 31(25.4%). Statistical Significant difference was observed with history of previous UTI (P = 0.031) and history of catheterization (P = 0.001). Gram negative bacteria isolates showed high level of resistance (>50%) to gentamicin and ciprofloxacin, while all gram positive bacteria isolated were showed low level of resistance (20-40%) to most of antibiotic tested. The overall prevalence of urinary tract infection among fistula patient is 58.1%. This study showed that the predominant pathogen of UTI were E.coli followed by Proteus spp. It also showed that amoxicillin-clavulanic acid was a drug of choice for urinary tract

Gastrointestinal bleeding

Science.gov (United States)

... Sigmoidoscopy Alternative Names Lower GI bleeding; GI bleeding; Upper GI bleeding; Hematochezia Images GI bleeding - series Fecal occult blood test References Kovacs TO, Jensen DM. Gastrointestinal hemorrhage. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman- ...

Maturation of arteriovenous fistula: Analysis of key factors

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Muhammad A. Siddiqui

2017-12-01

Full Text Available The growing proportion of individuals suffering from chronic kidney disease has considerable repercussions for both kidney specialists and primary care. Progressive and permanent renal failure is most frequently treated with hemodialysis. The efficiency of hemodialysis treatment relies on the functional status of vascular access. Determining the type of vascular access has prime significance for maximizing successful maturation of a fistula and avoiding surgical revision. Despite the frequency of arteriovenous fistula procedures, there are no consistent criteria applied before creation of arteriovenous fistulae. Increased prevalence and use of arteriovenous fistulae would result if there were reliable criteria to assess which arteriovenous fistulae are more likely to reach maturity without additional procedures. Published studies assessing the predictive markers of fistula maturation vary to a great extent with regard to definitions, design, study size, patient sample, and clinical factors. As a result, surgeons and specialists must decide which possible risk factors are most likely to occur, as well as which parameters to employ when evaluating the success rate of fistula development in patients awaiting the creation of permanent access. The purpose of this literature review is to discuss the role of patient factors and blood markers in the development of arteriovenous fistulae.

Report of a complete second branchial fistula.

LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

Khan, Mohammad Habibullah

2010-08-01

We report a case of complete congenital branchial fistula with an internal opening near the tonsillar fossa. Cysts, fistulas, and sinuses of the second branchial cleft are the most common developmental anomalies arising from the branchial apparatus. In our case, a 43-year-old man presented with a several-year history of a discharging sinus from the right side of his neck, consistent with a branchial fistula. He underwent various investigations and finally was treated with a one-stage complete surgical excision of the fistula tract. We describe the general clinical presentation, investigations, and surgical outcome of this case.

Key to successful vesico vaginal fistula repair, an experience of urogenital fistula surgeries and outcome at gynaecological surgical camp 2005

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jatoi, N.; Jatoi, N.M.; Sirichand, P.

2008-01-01

Vesico-vaginal fistula is not life threatening medical problem, but the woman face demoralization, social boycott and even divorce and separation. The aetiology of the condition has been changed over the years and in developed countries obstetrical fistula are rare and they are usually result of gynaecological surgeries or radiotherapy. Urogenital fistula surgery doesn't require special or advance technology but needs experienced urogynaecologist with trained team and post operative care which can restore health, hope and sense of dignity to women. This prospective study was carried out to analyze the success rate in patients attending the referral hospital and sent from free gynaecological surgery camps held at interior of Sindh, and included preoperative evaluation for route of surgery, operative techniques and postoperative care. Total 70 patients were admitted from the patients attending the camp. Out of these, 29 patients had uro-genital fistula. Surgical repair of the fistula was done through vaginal route on 27 patients while 2 required abdominal approach. Out of 29 surgical repairs performed, 27 proved successful. Difficult and complicated fistulae need experienced surgeon. Establishment of separate fistula surgery unit along with appropriate care and expertise accounts for the desired results. (author)

Post-traumatic recto-spinal fistula

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lantsberg, L.; Greenberg, G.; Laufer, L.; Hertzanu, Y.

2000-01-01

Acquired recto-spinal fistula has been described elsewhere as a rare complication of colorectal malignancy and Crohn's enterocolitis. We treated a young man who developed a recto-spinal fistula as a result of a high fall injury. The patient presented with meningeal signs, sepsis and perianal laceration. Computerized axial tomography revealed air in the supersellar cistern. Gastrografin enema showed that contrast material was leaking from the rectum into the spinal canal. Surgical management included a diverting sigmoid colostomy, sacral bone curettage and wide presacral drainage. To the best of our knowledge, rectospinal fistula of traumatic origin has not been previously reported in the English literature. (orig.)

Post-traumatic recto-spinal fistula

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lantsberg, L.; Greenberg, G. [Department of Surgery A, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva (Israel); Laufer, L.; Hertzanu, Y. [Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva (Israel)

2000-01-01

Acquired recto-spinal fistula has been described elsewhere as a rare complication of colorectal malignancy and Crohn's enterocolitis. We treated a young man who developed a recto-spinal fistula as a result of a high fall injury. The patient presented with meningeal signs, sepsis and perianal laceration. Computerized axial tomography revealed air in the supersellar cistern. Gastrografin enema showed that contrast material was leaking from the rectum into the spinal canal. Surgical management included a diverting sigmoid colostomy, sacral bone curettage and wide presacral drainage. To the best of our knowledge, rectospinal fistula of traumatic origin has not been previously reported in the English literature. (orig.)

Formation of a vesicovaginal fistula in a pig model

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lindberg J

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Jennifer Lindberg,1 Emilie Rickardsson,1 Margrethe Andersen,2 Lars Lund1,2 1Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, 2Department of Urology, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark Objective: To establish an animal model of a vesicovaginal fistula that can later be used in the development of new treatment modalities.Materials and methods: Six female pigs of Landrace/Yorkshire breed were used. Vesicotomy was performed through open surgery. An standardized incision between the bladder and the vagina was made, and the mucosa between them was sutured together with absorbable sutures. A durometer ureteral stent was introduced into the fistula, secured with sutures to the bladder wall, allowing for the formation of a persistent fistula tract. Six weeks postoperatively cysto-scopy was performed to examine the fistula in vivo. Thereafter, the pigs were euthanized with intravenous pentobarbital.Results: Two out of four (50% pigs developed persistent fistulas. No per- or postoperative complications occurred.Conclusion: This study indicates that this pig model of vesicovaginal fistula can be an effective and cheap way to create a fistula between the bladder and vagina. Keywords: vesicovaginal fistula, urinary fistula, animal model

Malignant sigmoidoduodenal fistula.

Science.gov (United States)

Shapey, I M; Mahmood, K; Solkar, M H

2014-01-01

Duodenocolic fistula is a rare complication of malignant colonic disease especially when involving and originating from the sigmoid colon. We aim to discuss the unusual clinical presentation of this case as well as the investigation and management of duodenocolic fistulas. A 91 year old lady presented as an emergency to a general surgical service at a District General Hospital with diarrhoea, vomiting and weight loss. Computed Tomography (CT) reported a large ovarian cyst elevating the sigmoid colon into immediate proximity of the duodenum. Adenocarcinoma was confirmed on histology obtained by colonoscopy. A classic apple core lesion with fistulating tract from the sigmoid colon to the duodenum was synchronously demonstrated on barium enema. Sigmoido-duodenal fistulae represent a complex manifestation of gastrointestinal pathologies. Management options must be considered in the context of patient wishes, their co-morbidities, and predicted post-operative outcome. In most cases this is likely to represent a non-operative approach, however surgical resection may benefit selected cases on occasion. Copyright © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

A Delayed Recrudescent Case of Sigmoidocutaneous Fistula due to Diverticulitis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Takaaki Fujii

2007-10-01

Full Text Available Colocutaneous fistula caused by diverticulitis is relatively rare, and a delayed recrudescent case of colocutaneous fistula is very uncommon. We herein report a rare case of a Japanese 56-year-old male with delayed recrudescent sigmoidocutaneous fistula due to diverticulitis. A colocutaneous fistula was formed after a drainage operation against a perforation of the sigmoid colon diverticulum. After 5 years from treatment, he was admitted to our hospital because of lower abdominal pain. We diagnosed the recrudescent sigmoidocutaneous fistula by abdominal computed tomography and gastrografin enema, and managed the patient with total parenteral nutrition and antibiotics. As the fistula formation did not improve, a low anterior resection with fistulectomy was performed. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged. It has been reported that, in fistulas of the skin caused by diverticular disease, complete closure of the fistula by conservative therapy may not be possible. This case also implies the possibility of a recurrence of the fistula even if the conservative treatment was effective. In cases of colocutaneous fistulas due to diverticulitis, radical surgery is considered necessary because of possibility of recurrence of the fistula.

Endovascular therapy of arteriovenous fistulae with electrolytically detachable coils

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jansen, O.; Doerfler, A.; Forsting, M.; Hartmann, M.; Kummer, R. von; Tronnier, V.; Sartor, K. [Dept. of Neuroradiology, University of Heidelberg Medical School (Germany)

1999-12-01

We report our experience in using Guglielmi electrolytically detachable coils (GDC) alone or in combination with other materials in the treatment of intracranial or cervical high-flow fistulae. We treated 14 patients with arteriovenous fistulae on brain-supplying vessels - three involving the external carotid or the vertebral artery, five the cavernous sinus and six the dural sinuses - by endovascular occlusion using electrolytically detachable platinum coils. The fistula was caused by trauma in six cases. In one case Ehlers-Danlos syndrome was the underlying disease, and in the remaining seven cases no aetiology could be found. Fistulae of the external carotid and vertebral arteries and caroticocavernous fistulae were reached via the transarterial route, while in all dural fistulae a combined transarterial-transvenous approach was chosen. All fistulae were treated using electrolytically detachable coils. While small fistulae could be occluded with electrolytically detachable coils alone, large fistulae were treated by using coils to build a stable basket for other types of coil or balloons. In 11 of the 14 patients, endovascular treatment resulted in complete occlusion of the fistula; in the remaining three occlusion was subtotal. Symptoms and signs were completely abolished by this treatment in 12 patients and reduced in 2. On clinical and neuroradiological follow-up (mean 16 months) no reappearance of symptoms was recorded. (orig.)

Long-segment plication technique for arteriovenous fistulae threatened by diffuse aneurysmal degeneration: short-term results.

Science.gov (United States)

Powell, Alexis; Wooster, Mathew; Carroll, Megan; Cardentey-Oliva, Damian; Cavanagh-Voss, Sean; Armstrong, Paul; Shames, Murray; Illig, Karl; Gabbard, Wesley

2015-08-01

A substantial number of patients with autologous arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) develop diffuse aneurysmal degeneration, which frequently interferes with successful access. These AVFs are often deemed unsalvageable. We hypothesize that long-segment plication in these patients can be performed safely with acceptable short-term AVF salvage rates. We reviewed a prospectively maintained database to identify all patients with extensive AVF aneurysmal disease operated on for this problem. Thirty-five patients, 25 (71%) male and 10 (29%) female were operated on between July 2012 and January 2014. AVFs included 23 (66%) brachiocephalic, 5 (14%) radiocephalic, and 7 brachiobasilic (20%) fistulae (one first stage only but in use). The cohort had one or a combination of local pain, arm edema, cannulation issue, recurrent thrombosis, dysfunctional during dialysis, or extreme tortuousity. Time range for AVF creation to consultation ranged from 3 months to 11 years. All underwent long-segment plication over a 20-Fr Bougie with or without segmental vein resection; 3 underwent concomitant first rib resection for costoclavicular stenosis; 21 patients had tunneled catheter placement for use while healing, whereas 13 were allowed segmental use of their AVF during the perioperative period (1 patient was not yet on dialysis). Early in our experience, AVFs were left under the wound, whereas all but one repaired since early 2013 were left under a lateral flap. All patients were followed by clinical examination and duplex. In the 30-day postoperative period, 2 AVFs (5.7%) became infected requiring excision, 2 occluded (5.7%), 1 day 1 and the other at 24 days out, 1 patient developed steal and required DRIL 1 week postoperatively, and 1 patient died, unrelated to his surgery. Postoperative functional primary patency was 88% (30 of 34). Of the patients needing temporary access catheter, mean time to first fistula use was 44 days. No wound or bleeding complications have occurred in repaired

A cost-effectiveness analysis of fistula treatment in the abdominal region using a new integrated fistula and wound management system

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Keiding, Hans; Skovgaard, Rasmus

2008-01-01

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate wear time and costs of a new fistula and wound management system (FWMS) compared to standard fistula treatments. METHODS: Data were collected from 22 patients with an abdominal fistula recruited from 5 sites in the United States. This economic evaluation was based on a cost...

Enterovesical fistulas complicating Crohn's disease: clinicopathological features and management.

Science.gov (United States)

Yamamoto, T; Keighley, M R

2000-08-01

Enterovesical fistula is a relatively rare condition in Crohn's disease. This study was undertaken to examine clinicopathological features and management of enterovesical fistula complicating Crohn's disease. Thirty patients with enterovesical fistula complicating Crohn's disease, treated between 1970 and 1997, were reviewed. Urological symptoms were present in 22 patients; pneumaturia in 18, urinary tract infection in 7, and haematuria in 2. In 5 patients clinical symptoms were successfully managed by conservative treatment, and they required no surgical treatment for enterovesical fistula. Twenty-five patients required surgery. All the patients were treated by resection of diseased bowel and pinching off the dome of the bladder. No patients required resection of the bladder. The Foley catheter was left in situ for an average of 2 weeks after operation. Three patients developed early postoperative complications; two bowel anastomotic leaks, and one intra-abdominal abscess. All these complications were associated with sepsis and multiple fistulas at the time of laparotomy. After a median follow-up of 13 years, 3 patients having postoperative sepsis (anastomotic leak or abscess) developed a recurrent fistula from the ileocolonic anastomosis to the bladder, which required further surgery. In the other 22 patients without postoperative complications there has been no fistula recurrence. In conclusion, the majority of patients with enterovesical fistula required surgical treatment: resection of the diseased bowel and oversewing the defect in the bladder. The fistula recurrence was uncommon, but the presence of sepsis and multiple fistulas at the time of laparotomy increased the incidence of postoperative complications and fistula recurrence.

Genito-urinary fistula: a major morbidity in developing countries

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sachdev, P.S.; Hassan, N.; Abbasi, R.M.; Das, C.M.

2009-01-01

Uro-genital fistulas, majority of which are vesico-vaginal fistulas (VVF), are a great challenge for women in developing countries. It is commonly caused by prolong obstructed labour and is one of the worst complications of child birth and poor obstetric care. The objective of this descriptive study was to review the cases of genitourinary fistulae so as to understand the magnitude of the problem and its aetiology and to share our experience of surgical repair with other specialists in this field. The study was conducted at Gynaecological Unit-II, Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad, Pakistan from June 1996 to December 2007. The case records of all patients admitted and managed during study period were reviewed. The information regarding characteristics, risk factors and surgical management was collected. The data was analysed by SPSS and mean, range, standard deviation and percentage were calculated. During the study period, 278 patients with genitourinary fistulae were admitted and managed. The mean age of patients with urinary fistulae was 31.5+-7.5 years, parity was 4.2+-2.8, and duration of labour was 38.4+-6.5 hours. The duration of fistulae ranged from 1 day to 25 years. Obstructed labour 246 (88.4%) was the most common cause of urinary fistulae, followed by gynaecological surgeries mainly hysterectomies 26 (9.35%). The most common type of urinary fistula was vesico-vaginal fistula (VVF) 250 (89.9%). A total of 268 underwent surgery. Almost all 261 (97.3%) urinary fistulae were repaired transvaginally except patients with ureterovaginal and vesico-uterine fistulae. The most common surgical procedure used was layered closure. Martius graft was used in 3 (1.1%) patients, who required creation of new urethra. The success rate following first, second and third attempt was 85%, 91% and 96% respectively. Urogenital fistulae are rarity in developed world, but are frequently encountered problem in developing countries like Pakistan, often resulting from prolonged

Orbicularis oris musculomucosal flap for anterior palatal fistula

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tiwari V

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Anterior palatal fistulae or residual anterior clefts are a frequent problem following palatoplasty. Various techniques have been used to repair such fistulae, each having its own advantages and disadvantages. We have successfully used orbicularis oris musculomucosal flap to close anterior fistula and residual clefts in 25 patients. This study shows the superiority of this flap over other techniques because of its reliable blood supply, easy elevation and transfer to fistula site and finally because it is a single-stage procedure.

Xanthogranulomatous prostatitis with prostato-rectal fistula: a case report and review of the literature

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Xing L

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Liyong Xing, Zhifei Liu, Gang Deng, Huan Wang, Yanfeng Zhu, Peng Shi, Bingyue Huo, Yindong Li Department of Urology, Tangshan People’s Hospital, Tangshan, People’s Republic of China Purpose: Xanthogranulomatous prostatitis (XP is a rare form of nonspecific granulomatous prostatitis that can clinically mimic high-grade prostatic carcinoma. It is difficult to diagnose it definitely in clinical settings. Methods: We report a case of XP with prostate-rectal fistula and review the relevant literatures. Result: A 75-year-old man presented with rectal bleeding when he urinated. A locally advanced carcinoma of prostate was suspected initially following the physical, imaging, and hematologic examinations. Subsequently on histopathological and immunohistochemical staining after needle biopsy of the prostate, a diagnosis of XP was made definitely. The patient was catheterized temporarily and treated with tamsulosin and estrogen. The patient underwent uneventful recovery after this conservative therapy. Conclusion: Histologic and immunohistochemical analyses are valuable in differentially diagnosing XP from high-grade prostate carcinoma. Treatment strategy of XP in principle is recommended to be the conservative method. Long-term follow-up earns are highly regarded considering the possibility of coexisting prostate cancer. Keywords: xanthogranulomatous prostatitis, prostate-rectal fistula

Tentorial artery embolization in tentorial dural arteriovenous fistulas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rooij, Willem Jan van; Sluzewski, Menno [St. Elisabeth Ziekenhuis, Department of Radiology, Tilburg (Netherlands); Beute, Guus N [St. Elisabeth Ziekenhuis, Department of Neurosurgery, Tilburg (Netherlands)

2006-10-15

The tentorial artery is often involved in arterial supply to tentorial dural fistulas. The hypertrophied tentorial artery is accessible to embolization, either with glue or with particles. Six patients are presented with tentorial dural fistulas, mainly supplied by the tentorial artery. Two patients presented with intracranial hemorrhage, two with pulsatile tinnitus and one with progressive tetraparesis, and in one patient the tentorial dural fistula was an incidental finding. Different endovascular techniques were used to embolize the tentorial artery in the process of endovascular occlusion of the fistulas. All six tentorial dural fistulas were completely occluded by endovascular techniques, confirmed at follow-up angiography. There were no complications. When direct catheterization of the tentorial artery was possible, glue injection with temporary balloon occlusion of the internal carotid artery at the level of the tentorial artery origin was effective and safe. Different endovascular techniques may be successfully applied to embolize the tentorial artery in the treatment of tentorial dural fistulas. (orig.)

Tentorial artery embolization in tentorial dural arteriovenous fistulas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rooij, Willem Jan van; Sluzewski, Menno; Beute, Guus N.

2006-01-01

The tentorial artery is often involved in arterial supply to tentorial dural fistulas. The hypertrophied tentorial artery is accessible to embolization, either with glue or with particles. Six patients are presented with tentorial dural fistulas, mainly supplied by the tentorial artery. Two patients presented with intracranial hemorrhage, two with pulsatile tinnitus and one with progressive tetraparesis, and in one patient the tentorial dural fistula was an incidental finding. Different endovascular techniques were used to embolize the tentorial artery in the process of endovascular occlusion of the fistulas. All six tentorial dural fistulas were completely occluded by endovascular techniques, confirmed at follow-up angiography. There were no complications. When direct catheterization of the tentorial artery was possible, glue injection with temporary balloon occlusion of the internal carotid artery at the level of the tentorial artery origin was effective and safe. Different endovascular techniques may be successfully applied to embolize the tentorial artery in the treatment of tentorial dural fistulas. (orig.)

Rectovesicovaginal fistula following rectovaginal fistula caused by radiation therapy for uterine cancer. A case report

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hara, Tsuneo; Shiba, Masahiro; Matsuoka, Yasuhiro; Kakimoto, Ken-ichi; Oda, Masayoshi; Koide, Takuo [Osaka Koseinenkin Hospital (Japan)

1997-07-01

A case of rectovesicovaginal fistula caused by pelvic radiation for uterine cancer is presented. A 62-year-old woman visited our department complaining of macroscopic hematuria, mictional pain and pollakisuria. She had a history of total hysterectomy and radiation therapy for cervical cancer 26 years earlier. Melena was noted in March 1994 and an escape of stool from the vagina followed nine months later. She consulted a surgeon about it, however no active treatment was performed before coming under our care. Computed tomography demonstrated that the posterior bladder wall was extremely thin and the possibility of the formation of vesical perforation was strongly suggested. We constructed transverse-colostomy, however, a rectovesicovaginal fistula developed seven months later. Therefore, in order to regain a dry life, an ileal conduit was constructed and her quality of life began to improve. It is probable that the rectovesicovaginal fistula could have been prevented if colostomy had been carried out soon after the appearance of melena or soon after the formation of the rectovaginal fistula. (author)

Rectovesicovaginal fistula following rectovaginal fistula caused by radiation therapy for uterine cancer. A case report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hara, Tsuneo; Shiba, Masahiro; Matsuoka, Yasuhiro; Kakimoto, Ken-ichi; Oda, Masayoshi; Koide, Takuo

1997-01-01

A case of rectovesicovaginal fistula caused by pelvic radiation for uterine cancer is presented. A 62-year-old woman visited our department complaining of macroscopic hematuria, mictional pain and pollakisuria. She had a history of total hysterectomy and radiation therapy for cervical cancer 26 years earlier. Melena was noted in March 1994 and an escape of stool from the vagina followed nine months later. She consulted a surgeon about it, however no active treatment was performed before coming under our care. Computed tomography demonstrated that the posterior bladder wall was extremely thin and the possibility of the formation of vesical perforation was strongly suggested. We constructed transverse-colostomy, however, a rectovesicovaginal fistula developed seven months later. Therefore, in order to regain a dry life, an ileal conduit was constructed and her quality of life began to improve. It is probable that the rectovesicovaginal fistula could have been prevented if colostomy had been carried out soon after the appearance of melena or soon after the formation of the rectovaginal fistula. (author)

Radiosurgical fistulotomy; an alternative to conventional procedure in fistula in ano.

Science.gov (United States)

Gupta, Pravin J

2003-01-01

Most surgeons continue to prefer the classic lay open technique [fistulotomy] as the gold standard of treatment in anal fistula. In this randomized study, a comparison is made between conventional fistulotomy and fistulotomy performed by a radio frequency device. One hundred patients of low anal fistula posted for fistulotomy were randomized prospectively to either a conventional or radio frequency technique. Parameters measured included time taken for the procedure, amount of blood loss, postoperative pain, return to work, and recurrence rate. The patient demographic was comparable in 2 groups. The radio frequency fistulotomy was quicker as compared to a conventional one [22 versus 37 minutes, p = 0.001], amount of bleeding was significantly less [47 ml versus 134 ml, p = 0.002], and hospital stay was less when patient was operated by radio frequency method [37 hours versus 56 hours in conventional method, p = 0.001]. The postoperative pain in the first 24 hours was more in conventional group [2 to 5 versus 0 to 3 on visual analogue scale]. The patients from radio frequency group resumed their duties early with a reduced healing period of the wounds [47 versus 64 days, p = 0.01]. The recurrence or failure rates were comparable in the radio frequency and conventional groups [2% versus 6%]. Fistulotomy procedure using a radio frequency technique has significant advantages over a conventional procedure with regard to operation time, blood loss, return to normal activity, and healing time of the wound.

Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation to Prevent Arteriovenous Fistula and Graft Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Science.gov (United States)

Viecelli, Andrea K; Irish, Ashley B; Polkinghorne, Kevan R; Hawley, Carmel M; Johnson, David W; Mori, Trevor A; Pascoe, Elaine M; Strippoli, Giovanni F M; Lok, Charmaine E; Palmer, Suetonia C

2018-01-27

Arteriovenous access failure frequently occurs in people on hemodialysis and is associated with morbidity, mortality and large healthcare expenditures. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFA) may improve access outcomes via pleiotropic effects on access maturation and function, but may cause bleeding complications. Systematic review with meta-analysis. Adults requiring hemodialysis via arteriovenous fistula or graft. Trials evaluating omega-3 PUFA for arteriovenous access outcomes identified by searches in CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and Embase to 24 January 2017. Omega-3 PUFA. Primary patency loss, dialysis suitability failure, access abandonment, interventions to maintain patency or assist maturation, bleeding, gastrointestinal side-effects, all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, hospitalization, and treatment adherence. Treatment effects were summarized as relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Evidence was assessed using GRADE. Five eligible trials (833 participants) with a median follow-up of 12 months compared peri-operative omega-3 PUFA supplementation with placebo. One trial (n=567) evaluated treatment for fistulae and four (n=266) for grafts. Omega-3 PUFA supplementation prevented primary patency loss with moderate certainty (761 participants, RR 0.81, CI 0.68-0.98). Low quality evidence suggested, that omega-3 PUFA may have had little or no effect on dialysis suitability failure (536 participants, RR 0.95, CI 0.73-1.23), access abandonment (732 participants, RR 0.78, CI 0.59-1.03), need for interventions (732 participants, RR 0.82, CI 0.64-1.04), or all-cause mortality (799 participants, RR 0.99, CI 0.51-1.92). Bleeding risk (793 participants, RR 1.40, CI 0.78-2.49) or gastrointestinal side-effects (816 participants, RR 1.22, CI 0.64-2.34) from treatment were uncertain. There was no evidence of different treatment effects for grafts and fistulae. Small number and methodological limitations of included trials. Omega-3 PUFA supplementation

Acquired uterine arteriovenous fistula following dilatation and curettage: an uncommon cause of vaginal bleeding

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adam Evans, DO

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Dysfunctional uterine bleeding is a common presentation of women in the emergency department. We describe the case of a 33-year-old female who presented with intermittent spotting due to an acquired uterine AVF. The patient underwent a transvaginal pelvic ultrasound as well as a CT angiogram. The patient was treated conservatively and elected to undergo uterine artery embolization in an effort to preserve fertility. She successfully delivered a healthy baby boy at 39-week gestation via an emergent caesarian section due to a prolapsed umbilical cord 17 months after undergoing the uterine artery embolization.

c-Kit signaling determines neointimal hyperplasia in arteriovenous fistulae

Science.gov (United States)

Skartsis, Nikolaos; Martinez, Laisel; Duque, Juan Camilo; Tabbara, Marwan; Velazquez, Omaida C.; Asif, Arif; Andreopoulos, Fotios; Salman, Loay H.

2014-01-01

Stenosis of arteriovenous (A-V) fistulae secondary to neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) compromises dialysis delivery, which worsens patients' quality of life and increases medical costs associated with the maintenance of vascular accesses. In the present study, we evaluated the role of the receptor tyrosine kinase c-Kit in A-V fistula neointima formation. Initially, c-Kit was found in the neointima and adventitia of human brachiobasilic fistulae, whereas it was barely detectable in control veins harvested at the time of access creation. Using the rat A-V fistula model to study venous vascular remodeling, we analyzed the spatial and temporal pattern of c-Kit expression in the fistula wall. Interestingly, c-Kit immunoreactivity increased with time after anastomosis, which concurred with the accumulation of cells in the venous intima. In addition, c-Kit expression in A-V fistulae was positively altered by chronic kidney failure conditions. Both blockade of c-Kit with imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) and inhibition of stem cell factor production with a specific short hairpin RNA prevented NIH in the outflow vein of experimental fistulae. In agreement with these data, impaired c-Kit activity compromised the development of NIH in A-V fistulae created in c-KitW/Wv mutant mice. These results suggest that targeting of the c-Kit signaling pathway may be an effective approach to prevent postoperative NIH in A-V fistulae. PMID:25186298

Sealing of Airway Fistulas for Metallic Covered Z-type Stents

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hongwu WANG

2011-08-01

Full Text Available Background and objective Treating airway fistulas, including esophagorespiratory fistulas (ERFs, bronchopleural fistulas (BPFs, and tracheomediastinal fistulas (TMFs, is difficult. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and clinical efficacy of metallic covered Z-type stents (CZTS for the treatment of airway fistulas through bronchoscopy or fluroscopy. Methods Thirty-eight patients with fistulas between the esophagus, mediastina, and airways (32 ERFs, 5 BPFs, and 1 TMF were retrospectively reviewed after treatment with covered metallic esophageal and airway stents. The fistulas were caused by esophageal (n=26, bronchogenic (n=11, and thyroid (n=1 carcinomas. Results Forty-six fistulas were found in 38 patients. The fistula size ranged from 0.5 cm to 7.0 cm. Forty airway covered metal stents (24 Y-type, 8 L-type, and 8 I-type and 24 esophageal metal stents were placed. Complete responses to the sealing effects of fistulas were noted in 4.3% of all the fistulas, 60.9% showed complete clinical responses, 23.9% showed partial responses, and 10.9% showed no response. An effectivity rate of 89.1% was observed, and the median survival duration of all patients was 5 months. Conclusion The use of CZTS appears to be safe and feasible for the palliative treatment of ERFs, BPFs, and TMFs. Airway stent placement is recommended for patients with ERF. In the event that airway stents fail, esophageal stents should be given. Airway bifurcation stents were observed to be especially suitable for the sealing of fistulas near the trachea carina.

[Hepatobronchial Fistula and Lung Abscess after Transarterial Chemoembolization].

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Kwanjoo; Song, Jeong Eun; Jeong, Hyang Sook; Kim, Do Young

2017-05-25

Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a common treatment modality to locally manage hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver abscess and bile duct injury are common complications of TACE. However, hepatobronchial fistula is a rare complication. Herein, we report a case of lung abscess due to hepatobronchial fistula after TACE. A 67-year-old man, who had underwent TACE 6 months ago, presented cough and bile-colored sputum. He was diagnosed with lung abscess and hepatobronchial fistula. We performed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; however, there was no improvement in his symptoms. Thereafter, partial hepatectomy and repair of fistula were successively conducted.

Neuroradiological diagnosis and interventional therapy of carotid cavernous fistulas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Struffert, T.; Engelhorn, T.; Doelken, M.; Doerfler, A.; Holbach, L.

2008-01-01

Carotid cavernous fistulas are pathologic connections between the internal and/or external carotid artery and the cavernous sinus. According to Barrow one can distinguish between direct (high flow) and indirect (low flow) fistulas, whereby direct fistulas are often traumatic while indirect fistulas more frequently occur spontaneously in postmenopausal women. Diagnosis can easily be established using MRI and angiography, which allow exact visualization of the anatomy of fistulas to plan the interventional neurological therapy that in recent years has replaced surgical therapy. This article provides an overview on imaging findings, diagnosis using MRI and angiography as well as interventional treatment strategies. (orig.) [de

[Diagnostic and therapeutic concepts for vesicovaginal and ureterovaginal fistulas].

Science.gov (United States)

Lang, Isabelle Joy; Fisch, Margit; Kluth, Luis Alex

2018-02-01

 Vesico- and ureterovaginal fistulas are defined as abnormal connections between the urinary tract, on the one side, and the female genital system, on the other. Despite being highly prevalent as an acquired pathology of the urogenital system, there has as yet been no standardized protocol in place for diagnosing and treating these fistulas. This review analyses the current literature concerning vesico- and ureterovaginal fistulas in order to profile common diagnostic and therapeutic concepts.  Literature research was carried out using the data bases of Medline and PubMed. A general internet research was added as well as the subsequent analysis of textbooks. Subsequently 40 scientific publications, four textbooks and one internet source were consulted.  In the diagnostic process of not only vesicovaginal, but also ureterovaginal fistulas a timely vaginal examination followed by a cystoscopy and further imaging by retrograde vaginal methylene blue instillation should be carried out. In order to further the differential diagnosis of ureterovaginal fistulas in particular, additional imaging techniques may be required. However, the therapies of both fistulas manifest essential differences. Ureterovaginal fistulas are closed in a two-stage procedure. At first, a percutaneous nephrostomy is placed to decompress the renal collecting system and further drain the urine, followed by a second intervention, which closes the fistula. The management of vesicovaginal fistulas includes both conservative and surgical concepts, the latter of which may in turn be divided into a transabdominal and/or a transvaginal approach. Essentially, transabdominal fistula surgery should, at first, include the identification of the orifices of both ureters to subsequently splint them as indicated. This should be followed by the excision of the fistula. In the case of large fistulas a flap reconstruction of the area may be considered after the mobilisation of the surrounding tissue. Despite

Vesicovaginal fistula repair through vaginal approach

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ashraf, S.; Rahim, J.

2014-01-01

Objectives: To evaluate the outcome of trans-vaginal repair of vesico-vaginal fistula through vaginal approach. Study Design: Prospective study. Material and Methods: This study was carried out in Department of Urology, Shaikh Zayed Postgraduate Medical Institute and National institute of Kidney Diseases, Lahore for the period extending from April 2009 to April 2014. Total 17 patients were included in the study. History, physical examination and findings on investigations were reviewed. In all patients cystoscopy and vaginal examination was performed to see fistula site and ureteral orfices. Then trans-vaginal repair was done in all cases. Results: VVF repair was performed on 17 patients aging 25 to 45 years (mean 35.83 ± 7.37 years). The symptoms preceded for a period of 3 months to 8 years. The cause was gynecological hysterectomy 8 (47.05%), obstetric C-section 7 (41.17%) and obstructed labor 2(11.76%). In three of our patients VVF was previously repaired trans-abdominally. On cystoscopy no patients had more than one fistula. In two (11.76%) patients fistula was supratrigonal. The average size of fistula was 2.05 em, detail of fistula site and size is given in table. One patient had leakage on second postop day that was managed with change of Foleys catheter. Successful repair was achieved in all patients and no patient required second attempt. No ureteric injury and other complications were observed. Conclusion: Trans-vaginal repair of VVF avoid laparotomy and bladder bisection. It has reduced hospital stay and morbidity. (author)

Radiation arteriopathy in the transgenic arteriovenous fistula model.

Science.gov (United States)

Lawton, Michael T; Arnold, Christine M; Kim, Yung J; Bogarin, Ernesto A; Stewart, Campbell L; Wulfstat, Amanda A; Derugin, Nikita; Deen, Dennis; Young, William L

2008-05-01

The transgenic arteriovenous fistula model, surgically constructed with transgenic mouse aorta interposed in common carotid artery-to-external jugular vein fistulae in nude rats, has a 4-month experimental window because patency and transgenic phenotype are lost over time. We adapted this model to investigate occlusive arteriopathy in brain arteriovenous malformations after radiosurgery by radiating grafted aorta before insertion in the fistula. We hypothesized that high-dose radiation would reproduce the arteriopathy observed clinically within the experimental time window and that deletions of endoglin (ENG) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) genes would modify the radiation response. Radiation arteriopathy in the common carotid arteries of 171 wild-type mice was examined with doses of 25, 80, 120, or 200 Gy (Experiment 1). Radiation arteriopathy in 68 wild-type arteriovenous fistulae was examined histologically and morphometrically with preoperative radiation doses of 0, 25, or 200 Gy (Experiment 2). Radiation arteriopathy in 51 transgenic arteriovenous fistulae (36 ENG and 15 eNOS knock-out fistulae) was examined using preoperative radiation doses of 0, 25, or 200 Gy (Experiment 3). High-dose radiation (200 Gy) of mouse common carotid arteries induced only mild arteriopathy (mean score, 0.66) without intimal hyperplasia and with high mortality (68%). Radiation arteriopathy in wild-type arteriovenous fistulae was severe (mean score, 3.5 at 200 Gy), with intimal hyperplasia and medial disruption at 3 months, decreasing luminal areas with increasing dose, and no mortality. Arteriopathy was robust in transgenic arteriovenous fistulae with ENG +/- and with eNOS +/-, with thick intimal hyperplasia in the former and distinct smooth muscle cell proliferation in the latter. The transgenic arteriovenous fistula model can be adapted to rapidly reproduce radiation arteriopathy observed in resected brain arteriovenous malformations after radiosurgery. High

Bile duct-duodenal fistula caused by AIDS/HIV-associated tuberculosis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patino Carlos

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Allthough infrequent, digestive fistulae in HIV/AIDS patients have been reported throughout the digestive tract from the esophagus to the anus, with predominance of esophageal fistulae. AIDS/HIV-associated opportunistic infections may invade the digestive system and lead to fistula formation. Tuberculosis is the most common infection associated with these esophageal fistulae. We report here one case of bile duct-duodenal fistula in a female AIDS patient with associated abdominal Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection compromising lymphnodes of the hepatic pedicle where the fistula was found. According to the reviewed literature, this is the third case of bile duct-duodenal fistula associated with abdominal tuberculosis in AIDS patient, and the first where both the fistula and the tuberculosis infection were diagnosed at laparotomy for acute abdomen. Whether the AIDS patient with abdominal pain needs or not a laparotomy to treat an infectious disease is often a difficult matter for the surgeon to decide, as most of the times appropriate medical treatment will bring more benefit.

Evaluation of urogenital fistulas by magnetic resonance urography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mamere, Augusto Elias; Coelho, Rafael Darahem Souza; Cecin, Alexandre Oliveira; Feltrin, Leonir Terezinha; Lucchesi, Fabiano Rubiao; Seabra, Daniel

2008-01-01

Objective: Vesicovaginal and ureterovaginal fistulas are unusual complications secondary to pelvic surgery or pelvic diseases. The therapeutic success in these cases depends on an appropriate preoperative evaluation for diagnosis and visualization of the fistulous tract. The present study is aimed at demonstrating the potential of magnetic resonance urography for the diagnosis of vesicovaginal and ureterovaginal fistulas as well as for defining the fistulous tracts. Materials And Methods: Seven female patients clinically diagnosed with vesicovaginal or ureterovaginal fistulas had their medical records, radiological and magnetic resonance images retrospectively reviewed. Magnetic resonance urography included 3D-HASTE sequences with fat saturation. Results: Six patients presented vesicovaginal fistulas and, in one patient, a right-sided ureterovaginal fistula was diagnosed. Magnetic resonance urography allowed the demonstration of the fistulous tract in six (85.7%) of the seven patients evaluated in the present study, without the need of bladder catheterization or contrast injection. Conclusion: This study demonstrates both the potential and applicability of magnetic resonance urography in the evaluation of these types of fistulas. (author)

Non-matured arteriovenous fistulae for haemodialysis: diagnosis, endovascular and surgical treatment

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marko Malovrh

2010-04-01

Full Text Available Non-maturation is a feature of autologous vascular access. The autologous arteriovenous fistula needs time to mature and for the vein to enlarge to a size where it can be needled for dialysis. A fistula that fails early is one that either never develops adequately to support dialysis or fails within the first three months of its use. Two variables are required for fistula maturation. Firstly, the fistula should have adequate blood flow to support dialysis and secondly, it should have enough size to allow for successful repetitive cannulation. Three main reasons for maturation failure are: arterial and venous problems and the presence of accessory veins. Early diagnostics and intervention for fistula maturation minimizes catheter use and its associated complications. The identification of immature fistulae is relatively simple. Physical examination has been highlighted to be a valuable tool in assessing fistula. Any fistula that fails to mature adequately and demonstrates abnormal physical findings should be studied aggressively. Ultrasonography can successfully identify candidates who fail to meet the recently developed criteria for immature fistulae. In recent years, digital subtraction angiography and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography has been introduced for assessment of dysfunctional haemodialysis conduits, including immature fistulae. A great majority of non-matured fistulae can be successfully salvaged using percutaneous techniques. In addition to endovascular techniques, surgical intervention can also be an option. This paper reviews the process of fistula maturation and presents information regarding how to obtain a mature fistula.

Vector Volume Flow in Arteriovenous Fistulas

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, Peter Møller; Heerwagen, Søren; Pedersen, Mads Møller

2013-01-01

, but is very challenging due to the angle dependency of the Doppler technique and the anatomy of the fistula. The angle independent vector ultrasound technique Transverse Oscillation provides a new and more intuitive way to measure volume flow in an arteriovenous fistula. In this paper the Transverse...

Management of Pharyngocutaneous Fistula With Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy.

Science.gov (United States)

Teixeira, Sérgio; Costa, Joana; Bartosch, Isabel; Correia, Bernardo; Silva, Álvaro

2017-06-01

Pharyngocutaneous fistula is a common complication of laryngopharyngeal surgery and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Beyond the classical management, negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) can be an alternative and effective treatment. Two patients with pT3N0M0 squamous cell carcinoma of pyriform sinus were subjected to total laryngectomy and pharyngoesophageal reconstruction of a circular (patient 1) and an anterior wall defect (patient 2) with radial forearm free flap and pectoralis major muscle flap, respectively. Both developed a pharyngocutaneous fistula and NPWT was used.A significant decrease of the fistula aperture and exudate was observed after 22 and 21 days of NPWT in patients 1 and 2, respectively. After that standard wound care was instituted and closure of the fistulae was accomplished in 5 and 7 days, respectively. Negative-pressure wound therapy can be an effective treatment for pharyngocutaneous fistula closure, either in the setting of fistulae that persist besides multiple surgical revisions using muscle flaps or as a first-line therapy when fistulae develops.

Treatment of radiation-induced vesicovaginal fistulae

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Parm Ulhoei, B.; rosgaard, A.; Harling, H.

1994-01-01

The records of 23 patients with vesicovaginal fistulae (VVF) probably caused by irradiation treatment for cancer of the uterine cervix were analyzed. The median latency between irradiation and fistula formation was 17 years. Ten patients had histologically verified cancer recurrence besides a VVF. In addition, nine patients had a rectovaginal- and one an ileovaginal fistula. Twelve patients were treated primarily with ureteroileocutaneostomy a.m. Bricker. Six had bladder drainage, and four of these had ureteroileocutaneostomy performed at a later stage. Four patients initially underwent percutaneous nephrostomy. One patients had a unilateral ureteroileocutaneostomy performed. Eight patients are alive today (median observation time 2.5 years), and all of these had had ureteroileocutaneostomy performed. Three of these patients (39%) were completely relieved of symptoms while the rest occasionally experienced pain, vaginal discharge and bladder empyema. We conclude that ureteroilocutaneostomy a.m. Bricker is a satisfactory procedure for vesicovaginal fistulae because the socially incapacitating symptoms disappear or are considerably diminished. (au) (9 refs.)

Ureteroarterial fistula: a case report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Young Sun; Kim, Ji Chang

2007-01-01

Ureteroarterial fistula is an extremely rare complication, but is associated with a high mortality rate. Previous pelvic surgery, long standing ureteral catheter insertion, radiation therapy, vascular surgery and vascular pathology contribute the development of this uncommon entity. Herein, a case of ureteroarterial fistula in a 69-year-old female patient, who presented with a massive hematuria, proven in a second attempt at angiography, is reported

Nephrobronchial fistula complicating neglected nephrolithiasis and xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Indu B Dubey

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Nephrobronchial fistula is a rare complication seen in association with renal infections, trauma or stone disease. Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP is an infectious disease with a potential for fistulization to lung, skin, colon and other organs. We present a case of nephrolithiasis complicated by obstruction leading to pyonephrosis and nephrobronchial fistula, treated successfully by nephrectomy and excision of fistulous tracts. Nephrobronchial fistula, although a rare complication of longstanding renal stone, should be considered when a patient presents with perirenal suppurative process. This clinical case illustrates the natural history of nephro-bronchial fistula and the relevance of early treatment of nephrolithiasis.

Vaginal Bleeding

Science.gov (United States)

... or period, is a woman's monthly bleeding.Abnormal vaginal bleeding is different from normal menstrual periods. It ... therapy) Cancer of the cervix, ovaries, uterus or vagina Thyroid problems Bleeding during pregnancy can have several ...

[Multiple coronary arteriovenous fistulae. Hazard or predetermination?].

Science.gov (United States)

Rangel, Alberto; Muñoz-Castellanos, Luis; Solorio, Sergio

2003-01-01

The authors present the clinical cases of three adult patients (49, 53 and 61 year-old), with rheumatic cardiac valvulopathy, and bilateral coronary arteriovenous fistulae draining in the main pulmonary artery. Based on documental investigation, the authors speculate about the predeterminate origin of coronary arteriovenous fistulae. At first glance, it seems obvious that congenital cardiopathies occur at random, i.e., embryonic development deviate or stops due to unknown reasons, originating the persistence of lacunar blood spaces prior to the development of coronary arteries cords. There are two factors involved in the genesis of congenital malformations: a genomic preexisting factor and the presence of an environmental precipitating factor, i.e., isolated pulmonary valve atresia or left ventricular hypoplastic syndrome, with mitral and aortic valve stenosis, can predispose development of coronary arteriovenous fistulae. Recently, the question has been raised whether there is a relation of coronary arteries fistulae with: ethnic groups, hereditary gigantism, autoimmune diseases, such as polymyositis, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, and apical hypertrophic myocardiopathy. Coronary arteriovenous fistulae, as well as some congenital cardiopathies, could be due to chromosome alterations or might be related to hereditary diseases, such as hemorrhagic telangiectasia, induced by a disturbed genetic program. Although, there is no concrete evidence that a genetic factor is related to the development of coronary arteriovenous fistulae, there are signs that suggest that such a possibility could be investigated.

Abnormal uterine bleeding

Science.gov (United States)

Anovulatory bleeding; Abnormal uterine bleeding - hormonal; Polymenorrhea - dysfunctional uterine bleeding ... ACOG committee opinion no. 557: Management of acute abnormal uterine bleeding in nonpregnant reproductive-aged women. Reaffirmed 2015. www. ...

Self-Expandable Metal Stents for Persisting Esophageal Variceal Bleeding after Band Ligation or Injection-Therapy: A Retrospective Study.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martin Müller

Full Text Available Despite a pronounced reduction of lethality rates due to upper gastrointestinal bleeding, esophageal variceal bleeding remains a challenge for the endoscopist and still accounts for a mortality rate of up to 40% within the first 6 weeks. A relevant proportion of patients with esophageal variceal bleeding remains refractory to standard therapy, thus making a call for additional tools to achieve hemostasis. Self-expandable metal stents (SEMS incorporate such a tool.We evaluated a total number of 582 patients admitted to our endoscopy unit with the diagnosis "gastrointestinal bleeding" according to our documentation software between 2011 and 2014. 82 patients suffered from esophageal variceal bleeding, out of which 11 cases were refractory to standard therapy leading to SEMS application. Patients with esophageal malignancy, fistula, or stricture and a non-esophageal variceal bleeding source were excluded from the analysis. A retrospective analysis reporting a series of clinically relevant parameters in combination with bleeding control rates and adverse events was performed.The initial bleeding control rate after SEMS application was 100%. Despite this success, we observed a 27% mortality rate within the first 42 days. All of these patients died due to non-directly hemorrhage-associated reasons. The majority of patients exhibited an extensive demand of medical care with prolonged hospital stay. Common complications were hepatic decompensation, pulmonary infection and decline of renal function. Interestingly, we found in 7 out of 11 patients (63.6% stent dislocation at time of control endoscopy 24 h after hemostasis or at time of stent removal. The presence of hiatal hernia did not affect obviously stent dislocation rates. Refractory patients had significantly longer hospitalization times compared to non-refractory patients.Self-expandable metal stents for esophageal variceal bleeding seem to be safe and efficient after failed standard therapy

Cholecystic fistula with atypical symptoms

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bang, U.C.; Hasbak, P.; From, G.

2008-01-01

We report a patient with spontaneous cholecystocolonis fistula secondary to cholelithiasis. A 93 year-old woman was admitted because of weight loss, diarrhoea and upper abdominal pain. Ultrasound examination revealed air in the biliary tract and cholescientigraphy revealed a fistula between the g...... the gallbladder and right colon. Using endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography a calculus was extracted from the bile duct and the symptoms disappeared Udgivelsesdato: 2008/1/14...

Pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Medeiros Sobrinho, J.H. de; Kambara, A.M.

1987-01-01

Six cases of pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas, isolated, without hemorrhagic hereditary telangiectasia (Rendu-Osler-Weber Symdrome) are reported emphasizing the radiographic, tomographic and angiographic examinations, (M.A.C.) [pt

Usefulness of magnetic resonance in the evaluation of perianal fistulas; Utilidad de la resonancia magnetica en la valoracion de las fistulas perianales

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Campo, M.; Isusi, M.; Oleaga, L.; Grande, D. [Hospital de Basurto. Bilbao (Spain); Fernandez, G.; Tardaguila, F. [Clinica POVISA. Vigo (Spain)

2003-07-01

Our aim was to confirm the usefulness of magnetic resonance in the evaluation of perianal fistulas, and in conjunction with a thought anatomical review of affected areas. This would allow for the building of a proper surgical plan, which would necessarily differ according to the fistula's complexity. We studied 75 patients with perianal fistulas and performed 81 MR studies by means of axial, sagittal and coronal T1 and T2 sequences. Fistula type, degree, etiology and correlation to surgical findings were all studied. Fifty-five patients underwent surgical treatment, and 26 underwent a more conservative treatment with MR follow-up. Ninety-nine fistulas were observed and classified according to norms set down by St. James University Hospital. Of the 55 cases submitted to surgery, 46 showed concordance between the surgical report and MR, whose sensitivity was 84%. In 9 patients, there was no correlation. In the study of perianal fistulas, it is important to establish both the fistulous tract and relationship to the sphincter complex. MR permits an identification of the sprinter complex and a more precise anatomical localization of the fistulous trajectory. It is also capable of differentiating between fibrosis and abscess. Therefore, MR is an appropriate technique for the study of perianal fistulas and related surgical planning. (Author) 6 refs.

Combined endovascular and surgical treatment in vertebral arteriovenous fistula

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nakstad, P.H.; Haakonsen, M.; Magnaes, B.; Hetland, S.

1997-01-01

A 7-year-old girl with a right-sided congenital arteriovenous fistula in the neck was admitted with signs of cardial incompensation. Her fistula was fed from the right vertebral artery in antegrade as well as retrograde directions. A steal from the intracranial arteries was established. In addition, smaller feeding arteries from the neck were found. She was operated on with ligation of the right vertebral artery proximal to the fistula but the attempted ligation of the artery cranially to the fistula was unsuccessful. She was therefore embolized by the formation of a plug of platinum fiber coils in the upper right vertebral artery. Catheterization was performed from the left vertebral artery via the basilar artery. Persisting minor feeders to the fistula from cervical arteries were embolized in a second session. Finally, surgical extirpation of the fistula was performed together with the operative ligation of a crossover feeding artery from the left vertebral artery. Her heart size, heart rate and blood pressure were successively normalized. (orig.)

The complete branchial fistula: A case report.

Science.gov (United States)

Shekhar, C; Kumar, R; Kumar, R; Mishra, S K; Roy, M; Bhavana, K

2005-10-01

The incomplete branchial fistula is not an uncommon congenital anomaly of branchial apparatus but a complete one is rare. Here we report a case of complete congenital branchial fistula with an internal opening near the tonsillar fossa.

The complete branchial fistula: A case report

OpenAIRE

Shekhar, C.; Kumar, R.; Kumar, R.; Mishra, S. K.; Roy, M.; Bhavana, K.

2005-01-01

The incomplete branchial fistula is not an uncommon congenital anomaly of branchial apparatus but a complete one is rare. Here we report a case of complete congenital branchial fistula with an internal opening near the tonsillar fossa.

Congenital cutaneous fistula at the sternoclavicular joint - Not a dermoid fistula but the remnant of the fourth branchial (pharyngeal) cleft ?

Science.gov (United States)

Ohno, Michinobu; Kanamori, Yutaka; Tomonaga, Kotaro; Yamashita, Tatsuya; Migita, Misato; Takezoe, Toshiko; Watanabe, Toshihiko; Fuchimoto, Yasushi; Matsuoka, Kentaro

2015-12-01

A fourth branchial pouch remnant is well known as a pyriform sinus fistula. However, there has been no report of a fistula composed of the complete remnant of the fourth branchial apparatus. We experienced patients with a congenital lower neck cutaneous fistula which was thought to be the skin-side remnant of the fourth branchial cleft. Seven children were referred to our hospital from 2009 to 2015 for the treatment of a cutaneous fistula situated near the sternoclavicular joint. All of them were surgically resected and their pathological characteristics were examined. Clinical charts were retrospectively reviewed. In six cases, the left side was affected. All cutaneous fistulas had a small skin orifice near the sternoclavicular joint and they were situated at the anterior edge of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Abscess formation was seen in four cases. Surgical resection was performed at the age of 6 months to 9 years. These fistulas ran deep into the subcutaneous tissue and had a blind end. Pathological examination showed that the epithelial layer was mainly composed of a stratified squamous epithelium. In two cases the epithelium was composed of ciliated columnar epithelium. Recurrence has not been observed in any of the cases. The seven cases had a common clinical feature and were a definite clinical entity. Judging from the characteristics of our cases and the previous literature, we concluded that this lower neck cutaneous fistula was most likely a congenital skin-side remnant of the fourth branchial cleft. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Gastrointestinal fistula

Science.gov (United States)

... to look in the stomach or small bowel Barium enema to look in the colon CT scan of the abdomen to look for fistulas between loops of the intestines or areas of infection Fistulogram, in which contrast dye is injected into the opening of the ...

Performance of upper gastrointestinal bleeding risk assessment scores in variceal bleeding

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ngu, JH; Laursen, Stig Borbjerg; Chin, YK

2017-01-01

Performance of upper gastrointestinal bleeding risk assessment scores in variceal bleeding: a prospective international multicenter study.......Performance of upper gastrointestinal bleeding risk assessment scores in variceal bleeding: a prospective international multicenter study....

Liver Abscess Associated with Hepatic Artery Pseudoaneurysm with Arteriovenous Fistula: Imaging and Interventional Management

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kang, M.; Bapuraj, J.R.; Khandelwal, N.; Kochhar, R.; Kalra, N.; Verma, G. R.

2006-01-01

Hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm is an infrequently encountered entity that is usually seen secondary to trauma or surgical procedures. The clinical presentation is often due to complications such as massive intrahepatic or intraperitoneal bleeding as a result of rupture of the pseudoaneurysm into the biliary tree or peritoneal cavity, respectively. Hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm, associated with a liver abscess, has very rarely been described in the literature. We present the imaging features of a case of liver abscess associated with a hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm and complicated by rupture and formation of an arteriovenous fistula. The case was successfully managed by percutaneous endovascular embolization. The association between a hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm and a liver abscess must not be overlooked, bearing in mind the potentially fatal associated complications which can be averted or treated by timely intervention

Liver Abscess Associated with Hepatic Artery Pseudoaneurysm with Arteriovenous Fistula: Imaging and Interventional Management

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kang, M.; Bapuraj, J.R.; Khandelwal, N.; Kochhar, R.; Kalra, N.; Verma, G. R. [Postgraduate Inst. of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh (India). Depts. of Radiodiagnosis and General Surgery

2006-03-15

Hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm is an infrequently encountered entity that is usually seen secondary to trauma or surgical procedures. The clinical presentation is often due to complications such as massive intrahepatic or intraperitoneal bleeding as a result of rupture of the pseudoaneurysm into the biliary tree or peritoneal cavity, respectively. Hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm, associated with a liver abscess, has very rarely been described in the literature. We present the imaging features of a case of liver abscess associated with a hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm and complicated by rupture and formation of an arteriovenous fistula. The case was successfully managed by percutaneous endovascular embolization. The association between a hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm and a liver abscess must not be overlooked, bearing in mind the potentially fatal associated complications which can be averted or treated by timely intervention.

Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 heals rat colovesical fistula.

Science.gov (United States)

Grgic, Tihomir; Grgic, Dora; Drmic, Domagoj; Sever, Anita Zenko; Petrovic, Igor; Sucic, Mario; Kokot, Antonio; Klicek, Robert; Sever, Marko; Seiwerth, Sven; Sikiric, Predrag

2016-06-05

To establish the effects of BPC 157 on the healing of rat colovesical fistulas, Wistar Albino male rats were randomly assigned to different groups. BPC 157, a stable gastric pentadecapeptide, has been used in clinical applications-specifically, in ulcerative colitis-and was successful in treating both external and internal fistulas. BPC 157 was provided daily, perorally, in drinking water (10µg/kg, 12ml/rat/day) until sacrifice or, alternatively, 10µg/kg or 10ng/kg intraperitoneally, with the first application at 30min after surgery and the last at 24h before sacrifice. Controls simultaneously received an equivolume of saline (5.0ml/kg ip) or water only (12ml/rat/day). Assessment (i.e., colon and vesical defects, fistula leaking, fecaluria and defecation through the fistula, adhesions and intestinal obstruction as healing processes) took place on days 7, 14 and 28. Control colovesical fistulas regularly exhibited poor healing, with both of the defects persisting; continuous fistula leakage; fecaluria and defecation through the fistula; advanced adhesion formation; and intestinal obstruction. By contrast, BPC 157 given perorally or intraperitoneally and in µg- and ng-regimens rapidly improved the whole presentation, with both colon and vesical defects simultaneously ameliorated and eventually healed. The maximal instilled volume was continuously raised until it reached the values of healthy rats, there were no signs of fecaluria and no defecation through the fistula, there was counteraction of advanced adhesion formation or there was an intestinal obstruction. In conclusion, BPC 157 effects appear to be suited to inducing full healing of colocutaneous fistulas in rats. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Coronary Arteriovenous Fistula Causing Hydrops Fetalis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nilüfer Çetiner

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Fetal heart failure and hydrops fetalis may occur due to systemic arteriovenous fistula because of increased cardiac output. Arteriovenous fistula of the central nervous system, liver, bone or vascular tumors such as sacrococcygeal teratoma were previously reported to be causes of intrauterine heart failure. However, coronary arteriovenous fistula was not reported as a cause of fetal heart failure previously. It is a rare pathology comprising 0.2–0.4% of all congenital heart diseases even during postnatal life. Some may remain asymptomatic for many years and diagnosed by auscultation of a continuous murmur during a routine examination, while a larger fistulous coronary artery opening to a low pressure cardiac chamber may cause ischemia of the affected myocardial region due to steal phenomenon and may present with cardiomyopathy or congestive heart failure during childhood. We herein report a neonate with coronary arteriovenous fistula between the left main coronary artery and the right ventricular apex, who presented with hydrops fetalis during the third trimester of pregnancy.

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding, aneurismatic dilatation of the thoracic aorta and filling defect on the esophagogram

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Naschitz, J.E.; Bassan, H.; Lazarov, N.; Grishkan, A.

1982-06-01

A patient is described with an aneurysm of the thoracic aorta, which has ruptured into the esophagus. An esophageal X-ray contrast study has revealed a filling defect at the contact site of the esophagus and the aortic aneurysm. The filling defect was due to a clot protruding from the aorta into the esophagus. This unique case calls attention to a diagnostic triad: upper gastrointestinal bleeding, aneurysm of the thoracic aorta, and filling defect in the esophagus at its site of contact with the enlarged aorta. This triad suggested aortoesophageal fistula (AEF) in the patient and could help in the diagnosis of atypical cases of AEF, where thoracic aortography has not been performed initially.

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding, aneurismatic dilatation of the thoracic aorta and filling defect on the esophagogram

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Naschitz, J.E.; Bassan, H.; Lazarov, N.; Grishkan, A.; Haifa Univ.; Haifa Univ.

1982-01-01

A patient is described with an aneurysm of the thoracic aorta, which has ruptured into the esophagus. An esophageal X-ray contrast study has revealed a filling defect at the contact site of the esophagus and the aortic aneurysm. The filling defect was due to a clot protruding from the aorta into the esophagus. This unique case calls attention to a diagnostic triad: upper gastrointestinal bleeding, aneurysm of the thoracic aorta, and filling defect in the esophagus at its site of contact with the enlarged aorta. This triad suggested aortoesophageal fistula (AEF) in the patient and could help in the diagnosis of atypical cases of AEF, where thoracic aortography has not been performed initially. (orig.) [de

Factors associated with early failure of arteriovenous fistulae for haemodialysis access.

Science.gov (United States)

Wong, V; Ward, R; Taylor, J; Selvakumar, S; How, T V; Bakran, A

1996-08-01

The radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula remains the method of choice for haemodialysis access. In order to assess their suitability for fistula formation, the radial arteries and cephalic veins were examined preoperatively by ultrasound colour flow scanner in conjunction with a pulse-generated run-off system. Intraoperative blood flow was measured after construction of the fistulae. Post-operative follow-up was performed at various intervals to monitor the development of the fistulae. Radial artery and cephalic vein diameter less than 1.6 mm was associated with early fistula failure. The intraoperative fistula blood flow did not correlate with the outcome of the operation probably due to vessel spasm from manipulation. However, blood flow velocities measured non-invasively 1 day after the operation were significantly lower in fistulae that failed early compared with those that were adequate for haemodialysis. Most of the increase in fistula diameter and blood flow occur within the first 2 weeks of surgery.

Tracheocutaneous Fistula Closure with Turnover Flap and Polydioxanone Plate

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Justin R. Bryant, DO, MBA

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Summary:. An alternative surgical treatment is proposed for closure of tracheocutaneous fistulas. The authors present a new technique for reconstruction of persistent tracheocutaneous fistula resultant from temporary tracheostomy. The single-stage closure under local anesthesia involves a fistulous tract turnover flap with a perforated 0.15 mm polydioxanone plate between the flap and the subcutaneous closure. This article presents 3 cases of persistent tracheocutaneous fistula treated by this method. At follow-up examination after follow-up, no recurrent fistula formation had occurred, and no respiratory deformity was present.

Countermeasure against postoperative fistulas of head and neck cancer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hori, Yasutaka; Nishikawa, Kunio; Utida, Hiroshi; Fujisawa, Takurou; Eguchi, Motoharu

2004-01-01

It is very difficult to treat postoperative fistulas of head and neck cancer by irradiation and other preoperative therapy. We reviewed 179 patients with oral cancer, mesopharyngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer underwent reconstruction between 1994 and 2003. Our analysis reveals that the incidence of fistula is 18.4% and exposure dose is predisposing factor for fistula formation. We observed many fistulas in posterior of oral floor and pedicle flap more than free flap. There are 14 patients of surgical repair, we detected pseudomonas aeruginosa and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in them. (author)

Transoral robotic surgery-assisted excision of a congenital cervical salivary duct fistula presenting as a branchial cleft fistula.

Science.gov (United States)

Rassekh, Christopher H; Kazahaya, Ken; Livolsi, Virginia A; Loevner, Laurie A; Cowan, Andy T; Weinstein, Gregory S

2016-02-01

Congenital cervical salivary duct fistulae are rare entities and can mimic branchial cleft fistulae. Ectopic salivary tissue associated with these pharyngocervical tracts may have malignant potential. We present a case report of a novel surgical approach and review of the literature. A 27-year-old man presented with complaint of drainage from the right side of his neck since early childhood. A tract was found from the posterior tonsillar pillar into the neck and ectopic salivary tissue was found along the tract. A congenital hearing loss was also present. Transoral robotic (TORS)-assisted surgery was used in the management of this patient and allowed excellent visualization of the pharyngeal component of the lesion and a minimally invasive approach. The patient did well with no recurrence. TORS was helpful for management of a congenital salivary fistula and may be helpful for branchial cleft fistulae. These lesions may be associated with the branchio-oto-renal (BOR) syndrome. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Perpheral bronchopleural fistula: CT evaluation in 22 patients

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, Ye Ri; Kim, Min Young; Choi, Seong Hee; Kim, Eung Jo; Lee, Jin Joo; Kim, Oak

1999-01-01

To determine the usefulness of CT for the evaluation of peripheral bronchopleural fistulas. CT scans of 22 patients with persistent air leak, as seen on serial chest PA, and a clinical history, were retrospectively evaluated. We determined the visibility of direct communication between the lung and pleural space, and the frequency and location of this, and if direct communications were not visualized the probable cause. A bronchopleural fistula(n=13) or its probable cause(n=6) was visualized in 19 patients(86%). Direct communications between the lung and pleural space were seen in 13 patients(59%) ; there were six cases of tuberculous empyema, three of tuberculosis, two of necrotizing empyema, one of trauma, and one of postobstructive pneumonitis. In six patients, bronchiectatic change in peripheral lung adjacent to the pleural cavity was noted, and although this was seen as a probable cause of bronchopleural fistula, direct communication was invisible. Bronchopleural fistula or its probable cause was multiple in 18 of 19 patients, involving the upper and lower lobe in eight, the upper in nine, and the lower in two. CT is useful for evaluating the presence of bronchopleural fistula, and its frequency and location, and in patients in whom the fistula is not directly visualized, the cause of this

Laparoscopic repair of vesicovaginal fistula

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Miłosz Wilczyński

2011-06-01

Full Text Available A vesicovaginal fistula is one of the complications that a gynaecologist is bound to face after oncological operations, especially in postmenopausal women. Over the years there have been introduced many techniques of surgical treatment of this entity, including transabdominal and transvaginal approaches.We present a case of a 46-year-old patient who suffered from urinary leakage via the vagina due to the presence of a vesicovaginal fistula that developed after radical abdominal hysterectomy and subsequent radiotherapy. The decision was made to repair it laparoscopically due to retracted, fibrous and scarred tissue in the vaginal apex that precluded a transvaginal approach. A small cystotomy followed by an excision of fistula borders was performed. After six-month follow-up no recurrence of the disease has been noted.We conclude that laparoscopy is an interesting alternative to traditional approaches that provides comparable results.

The association of carotid cavernous fistula with Graves′ ophthalmopathy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ozlem Celik

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Graves′ ophthalmopathy (GO is one of the frequent manifestations of the disorder which is an inflammatory process due to fibroblast infiltration, fibroblast proliferation and accumulation of glycosaminoglycans. Eye irritation, dryness, excessive tearing, visual blurring, diplopia, pain, visual loss, retroorbital discomfort are the symptoms and they can mimic carotid cavernous fistulas. Carotid cavernous fistulas are abnormal communications between the carotid arterial system and the cavernous sinus. The clinical manifestations of GO can mimic the signs of carotid cavernous fistulas. Carotid cavernous fistulas should be considered in the differential diagnosis of the GO patients especially who are not responding to the standard treatment and when there is a unilateral or asymmetric eye involvement. Here we report the second case report with concurrent occurrence of GO and carotid cavernous fistula in the literature.

The association of carotid cavernous fistula with Graves’ ophthalmopathy

Science.gov (United States)

Celik, Ozlem; Buyuktas, Deram; Islak, Civan; Sarici, A Murat; Gundogdu, A Sadi

2013-01-01

Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) is one of the frequent manifestations of the disorder which is an inflammatory process due to fibroblast infiltration, fibroblast proliferation and accumulation of glycosaminoglycans. Eye irritation, dryness, excessive tearing, visual blurring, diplopia, pain, visual loss, retroorbital discomfort are the symptoms and they can mimic carotid cavernous fistulas. Carotid cavernous fistulas are abnormal communications between the carotid arterial system and the cavernous sinus. The clinical manifestations of GO can mimic the signs of carotid cavernous fistulas. Carotid cavernous fistulas should be considered in the differential diagnosis of the GO patients especially who are not responding to the standard treatment and when there is a unilateral or asymmetric eye involvement. Here we report the second case report with concurrent occurrence of GO and carotid cavernous fistula in the literature. PMID:23571267

Gastrojejunocolic fistula after gastrojejunostomy: a case series

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wu Jin-Ming

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract Introduction Gastrojejunocolic (GJC fistulae represent a significant post-surgical cause of morbidity and mortality. GJC fistulae represent rare post-surgical complications, and most are associated with gastric surgery. In the past, this complication has been under-recognized because a fistula may form years after surgery. Case presentation We describe two cases of gastrojejunocolic fistula in men aged 67 and 60 who both initially presented with watery diarrhea and weight loss. Upper GI studies with small bowel follow-through or barium contrast enema studies allowed a conclusive diagnosis to be made. Both patients underwent one-stage en bloc resection, and their postoperative course was uneventful. Conclusion With surgery, this condition is entirely correctable. Pre-operative nutritional status should be evaluated in patients undergoing corrective surgery, and total parenteral nutrition plays a major role in the provision of bowel rest to allow recovery in malnourished patients.

MR findings in traumatic cerebrospinal fluid fistulae

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fortuny, M.E.; Molina Ferrer, L.; Ferreyra, M.; D'Agustini, M.

2000-01-01

Purpose: CSF fistulae represent the 4%-8% of complications after a serious encephalocranial trauma in the infant population. The experience in 3 patients using MRI with Spin-Eco T2 and Cine-GRE sequences is presented. Material and method: Three male patients 6, 11 and 13 years old were studied, who presented encephalocranial trauma and the common complication was Diplococcus Pneumoniae meningitis. They were studied in a 0.5 T equipment with FSE T2 multiplanar sequences with 3 mm slice thickness and Cine-GRE also 3 mm in four phases of 16 images each. Results: Multiple fistulas were found in the temporomastoidic region in two patients. In one case MRI showed only one fistula though the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone. Conclusions: MRI is a highly reliable method for CSF fistula detection in patients with encephalocranial trauma. FSE-T2-weighted images and Cine-GRE are sensitive sequences. (author)

Pancreaticojejunostomy versus pancreaticogastrostomy reconstruction for the prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistula following pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Science.gov (United States)

Cheng, Yao; Briarava, Marta; Lai, Mingliang; Wang, Xiaomei; Tu, Bing; Cheng, Nansheng; Gong, Jianping; Yuan, Yuhong; Pilati, Pierluigi; Mocellin, Simone

2017-09-12

bleeding, rate of intra-abdominal abscess, quality of life, cost analysis). We used a random-effects model for all analyses. We calculated the risk ratio (RR) for dichotomous outcomes, and the mean difference (MD) for continuous outcomes (using PG as the reference) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) as a measure of variability. We included 10 RCTs that enrolled a total of 1629 participants. The characteristics of all studies matched the requirements to compare the two types of surgical reconstruction following pancreatoduodenectomy. All studies reported incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula (the main complication) and postoperative mortality.Overall, the risk of bias in included studies was high; only one included study was assessed at low risk of bias.There was little or no difference between PJ and PG in overall risk of postoperative pancreatic fistula (PJ 24.3%; PG 21.4%; RR 1.19, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.62; 7 studies; low-quality evidence). Inclusion of studies that clearly distinguished clinically significant pancreatic fistula resulted in us being uncertain whether PJ improved the risk of pancreatic fistula when compared with PG (19.3% versus 12.8%; RR 1.51, 95% CI 0.92 to 2.47; very low-quality evidence). PJ probably has little or no difference from PG in risk of postoperative mortality (3.9% versus 4.8%; RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.53 to 1.34; moderate-quality evidence).We found low-quality evidence that PJ may differ little from PG in length of hospital stay (MD 1.04 days, 95% CI -1.18 to 3.27; 4 studies, N = 502) or risk of surgical re-intervention (11.6% versus 10.3%; RR 1.18, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.61; 7 studies, N = 1263). We found moderate-quality evidence suggesting little difference between PJ and PG in terms of risk of any surgical complication (46.5% versus 44.5%; RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.18; 9 studies, N = 1513). PJ may slightly improve the risk of postoperative bleeding (9.3% versus 13.8%; RR 0.69, 95% CI: 0.51 to 0.93; low-quality evidence; 8 studies, N = 1386), but

Pancreatico-pleural Fistula: Case Series

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Manoj Munirathinam

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Pancreatico-pleural fistula is a rare but serious complication of acute and chronic pancreatitis. The pleural effusion caused by pancreatico-pleural fistula is usually massive and recurrent. It is predominately left-sided but right-sided and bilateral effusion does occur. We report four cases of pancreatico-pleural fistula admitted to our hospital. Their clinical presentation and management aspects are discussed. Two patients were managed by pancreatic endotherapy and two patients were managed conservatively. All four patients improved symptomatically and were discharged and are on regular follow-up. Most of these patients would be evaluated for their breathlessness and pleural effusion delaying the diagnosis of pancreatic pathology and management. Hence, earlier recognition and prompt treatment would help the patients to recover from their illnesses. Pancreatic pleural fistula diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion in patients presenting with chest symptoms or pleural effusion. Extremely high pleural fluid amylase levels are usual but not universally present. A chest X-ray, pleural fluid analysis, and abdominal imaging (magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography/magnetic resonance imaging abdomen more useful than contrast-enhanced computed tomography abdomen would clinch the diagnosis. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with stent or sphincterotomy should be considered when pancreatic duct (PD reveals a stricture or when medical management fails in patients with dilated or irregular PD. Surgical intervention may be indicated in patients with complete disruption of PD or multiple strictures.

Time-to-recovery from obstetric fistula and associated factors: The ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

EPHA USER33

potential risk factors associated with time to recovery of patients from obstetric fistula. Methods: An ... urinary tract or between the vagina and the rectum by compression of ..... duration of incontinence, width of fistula, length of fistula, status of ...

[Social integration of women operated for obstetric urogenital fistula].

Science.gov (United States)

Diarra, A; Tembely, A; Berthe, H J G; Diakité, M L; Traoré, B; Ouattara, K

2013-10-01

To study the social integration of women supported in the urology department of the University Hospital of Point G for obstetric urogenital fistula. Prospective study conducted over a period of 13 months from June 2008 to June 2009 in the Department of Urology at the University Hospital of Point G. The study included all patients who have been operated on at least twice for obstetric fistula genitourinary. Records of surgical, medical records and tracking sheets for each patient were the media database. Situation before treatment: before surgical treatment, 76.92% of patients were rejected by their spouses. The family attended the patient in 84.62% of cases. Situation after treatment: after treatment, 90.31% of women with fistula lived in the matrimonial home or family. The resumption of business activity was announced by 11.2% of patients. Among the women, 93.7% participated in housework. The number of patient intervention ranged from two to five. Healing (fistula closed and no sphincter dysfunction) was complete in 50% of cases. Among the women, 11.54% had sphincter dysfunction after closure of the fistula, which makes a total of fistula closed more than 61% after at least two attempts. The urogenital fistulas are not a fatal disease but is a real handicap for women who suffer to conduct a socio-cultural and economic mainstream. Generally excluded from the ongoing operations of the company, these women are more integrated after successful surgical treatment of the fistula. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Benign Duodenocolic Fistula: a Case Report

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marzieh Soheili

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Benign duodenocolic fistula (DCF, known as a fistula between the duodenum and colon with orwithout cecum of nonmalignant origin, is an unusual complication of different gastrointestinal diseases. Thepresent paper records a case in which the patient presented with chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight lossas well as having a history of gastric ulcer. Most frequently the condition presents with signs ofmalabsorption such as weight loss and diarrhea, but other symptoms include nausea, vomiting (sometimeswith fecal, and abdominal pain. Gastrointestinal inflammatory conditions are the usual causes. The mostcommon ones are perforated duodenal ulcer and Crohn’s disease. Barium enemas are usually diagnostic.Treatment consists of excising the fistula and repairing the duodenal and colonic defects. Closure of thefistula provides quick relief.

A successful treatment of traumatic bronchobiliary fistula

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

LIAO Guan-qun

2012-04-01

Full Text Available 【Abstract】Bronchobiliary fistula (BBF is a rare condition in which there is a nonnatural communication be-tween the biliary tract and the bronchial trees. It is usually aroused by the complications of hepatic hydatidosis, he-patic amebic, biliary obstruction, trauma, neoplasm and he-patic abscess formation. In this paper, we described a pa-tient suffering from BBF that is secondary to trauma or surgery. Especially, BBF was detected in the left lung. Finally, we managed this case successfully without an open surgery. Key words: Bronchial fistula; Biliary fistula; Cholangiopancreatography, endoscopic retrograde; Endoscopy, gastrointestinal

Intermediate-term patency of upper arm arteriovenous fistulae for hemodialysis access in children.

Science.gov (United States)

Haricharan, Ramanath N; Aprahamian, Charles J; Morgan, Traci L; Harmon, Carroll M; Barnhart, Douglas C

2008-01-01

The goal of this study was to estimate the 2-year cumulative thrombosis-free survival of basilic vein transposition (BVT) and brachiocephalic fistulae in children. All children who underwent BVT or brachiocephalic fistula construction at a tertiary care children's hospital from June 2001 to July 2006 were reviewed. Kaplan-Meier analysis, log-rank test, and proportional hazards regression were done. Sixteen children (7 girls) with inadequate forearm veins underwent creation of 18 fistulae (12 BVT, 6 brachiocephalic). Median age was 14 (9-19) years. Mean (+/-SE) operative times for BVT and brachiocephalic fistulae were 3.4 (+/- 0.6) hours and 1.9 (+/-0.4) hours, respectively. The overall 2-year cumulative survival rate was 74% (BVT, 66%; brachiocephalic fistula, 83%). Four fistulae failed (1 brachiocephalic, 3 BVT) and 14 fistulae were censored (5, patent fistula; 4, renal transplantation; 2, unrelated death; 1, elective conversion to peritoneal dialysis; 1, surgical ligation of fistula; 1, lost to follow-up). Of 18 fistulae, 6 underwent additional interventions (4, percutaneous angioplasty; 2, surgical thrombectomy). There were no significant differences in survival times based on fistula type, prior transplant status, age, or operative time. Brachiocephalic and BVT fistulae create reliable hemodialysis access for children who have inadequate forearm veins to allow construction of more distal fistulae.

Sigmoid-vaginal fistula during bevacizumab treatment diagnosed by fistulography.

Science.gov (United States)

Hayashi, C; Takada, S; Kasuga, A; Shinya, K; Watanabe, M; Kano, H; Takayama, T

2016-12-01

There have been several reports describing rectovaginal fistula development after bevacizumab treatment, and these fistulas were diagnosed by CT scan or colonoscopy. We report a case of sigmoid-vaginal fistula diagnosed by fistulography. The case is a 53-year-old woman who was treated for chronic myelogenous leukaemia and gynaecological cancers 8 years previously. At 52 years of age, she was diagnosed with colon cancer and had a partial colectomy performed. One year after surgery, colon cancer recurred, and she was treated with anticancer agents, including bevacizumab. During chemotherapy, she complained of a foul smelling discharge from the vagina. Fistulography revealed a sigmoid-vaginal fistula. This is the first report of vaginal fistulography performed on a patient who was treated with bevacizumab. Fistulography may be useful for detecting sigmoid-vaginal fistula. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract (LIFT): a minimally invasive procedure for complex anal fistula: two-year results of a prospective multicentric study.

Science.gov (United States)

Sileri, Pierpaolo; Giarratano, Gabriella; Franceschilli, Luana; Limura, Elsa; Perrone, Federico; Stazi, Alessandro; Toscana, Claudio; Gaspari, Achille Lucio

2014-10-01

The surgical management of anal fistulas is still a matter of discussion and no clear recommendations exist. The present study analyses the results of the ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract (LIFT) technique in treating complex anal fistulas, in particular healing, fecal continence, and recurrence. Between October 2010 and February 2012, a total of 26 consecutive patients underwent LIFT. All patients had a primary complex anal fistula and preoperatively all underwent clinical examination, proctoscopy, transanal ultrasonography/magnetic resonance imaging, and were treated with the LIFT procedure. For the purpose of this study, fistulas were classified as complex if any of the following conditions were present: tract crossing more than 30% of the external sphincter, anterior fistula in a woman, recurrent fistula, or preexisting incontinence. Patient's postoperative complications, healing time, recurrence rate, and postoperative continence were recorded during follow-up. The minimum follow-up was 16 months. Five patients required delayed LIFT after previous seton. There were no surgical complications. Primary healing was achieved in 19 patients (73%). Seven patients (27%) had recurrence presenting between 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively and required further surgical treatment. Two of them (29%) had previous insertion of a seton. No patients reported any incontinence postoperatively and we did not observe postoperative continence worsening. In our experience, LIFT appears easy to perform, is safe with no surgical complication, has no risk of incontinence, and has a low recurrence rate. These results suggest that LIFT as a minimally invasive technique should be routinely considered for patients affected by complex anal fistula. © The Author(s) 2013.

Traumatic Intrarenal Arteriovenous Fistula Treated by Conservative ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

1974-06-01

Jun 1, 1974 ... with these vascular lesions.' Varela' in 1928 reported the first case of intrarenal arteriovenous fistula. Arteriovenous fistula of the kidney is an ... and penetrating abdominal trauma, this lesion will be encountered with increasing frequency. Selective renal artery catheterisation aids materially in making the.

Aorto-right atrial fistula after ascending aortic replacement or aortic value replacement

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhi Aihua; Dai Ruping; Jiang Shiliang; Lu Bin

2012-01-01

Objective: To evaluate the CT features of aorto-right atrial fistula after aortic valve replacement (AVR) or ascending aortic replacement. Methods: Eighty-seven patients with aortic-right atrial fistula underwent CT after operation. The CT features were retrospectively analyzed. Fistula was measured according to maximum width of the shunt. Results: Aorto-right atrial fistula was detected in 87 patients after aortic valve replacement or ascending aortic replacement by CT scan. Among them, 25 patients were diagnosed as mild aorto-right atrial fistula, 47 patients as moderate, and 15 patients as severe. Thirty-seven patients underwent follow-up CT.Among them, 10 patients with mild to moderate aorto-right atrial fistula were considered to have complete regression, 8 patients with mild aorto-right atrial fistula considered to have incomplete regression, 14 patients with mild to moderate aorto-right atrial fistula considered to have stable condition, and 5 patients with moderate aorto-right atrial fistula considered to have progression at the 3-month follow-up. Conclusion: CT is a useful tool for defining aorto-right atrial fistula after AVR or ascending aortic replacement and for evaluating it in follow-up. (authors)

Sonographic diagnosis of vesicouterine fistula.

Science.gov (United States)

Park, O-R; Kim, T-S; Kim, H-J

2003-07-01

Vesicouterine fistula is one of the least common types of urogenital fistula, accounting for only 1-4% of all cases. We report a case of vesicouterine fistula after vacuum delivery in a woman with a history of a previous Cesarean section. The 29-year-old woman was hospitalized due to continuous serosanguinous vaginal leakage and hematuria. Transvaginal sonography demonstrated the presence of a fistulous tract between the uterus and the bladder. Cystoscopy demonstrated a small opening in the posterior bladder wall and a cystogram revealed a fistulous tract between the posterior portion of the bladder and the uterine cavity. Since the patient could not tolerate her symptoms, we decided to close the fistulous tract surgically. The fistulous tract was excised and the bladder and uterus were closed primarily. The bladder was drained with a Foley catheter for 12 days and subsequent follow-up of the patient has demonstrated urinary continence. Copyright 2003 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Clinical evaluation of patients with pyriform sinus fistula

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sato, Katsuro; Takahashi, Sugata; Tomita, Masahiko; Watanabe, Jun; Matsuyama, Hiroshi

2007-01-01

Thirteen patients with pyriform sinus fistula treated surgically at our department were clinically evaluated. Twelve (92%) fistulae occurred in the left pyriform sinus, and one (8%) in the right. There were a mean of 4 infectious episodes before the final diagnosis. The median age at the first infection was 5 years, and the median age at surgery was 13 years, although there were 2 elderly patients (over 60 years old) in this series. Association with pharyngeal foreign body was suspected in the case with onset at 81 years of age. There was a history of previous surgery for cervical disease in 54% of the patients. The final diagnosis was based on delineation of the fistula by hypopharyngography, although coronal section of CT and MRI were also useful for understanding the morphopathology. The surgical procedure consisted of identification and staining of the fistula under direct hypopharyngoscopy, followed by identification and extirpation of the fistula until the distal end via a cervical approach. There was no recurrence of infections, although resection of the thyroid gland and identification of the recurrent laryngeal nerve were not always performed. The most important surgical principle is considered to be complete disconnection of the lesion from the hypopharynx, and complete identification and extirpation of the fistula by the procedure used at our department is considered to be a useful surgical strategy. (author)

Complex anal fistulas: plug or flap?

Science.gov (United States)

Muhlmann, Mark D; Hayes, Julian L; Merrie, Arend E H; Parry, Bryan R; Bissett, Ian P

2011-10-01

Rectal mucosal advancement flaps (RMAF) and fistula plugs (FP) are techniques used to manage complex anal fistulas. The purpose of this study was to review and compare the results of these methods of repair. A retrospective review of all complex anal fistulas treated by either a RMAF or a FP at Auckland City Hospital from 2004 to 2008. Comparisons were made in terms of successful healing rates, time to failure and the use of magnetic resonance imaging. Overall, 70 operations were performed on 55 patients (55.7% male). The mean age was 44.9 years. Twenty-one patients (30%) had had at least one previous unsuccessful repair. Indications for repair included 57 high cryptoglandular anal (81%), 4 Crohn's anal (6%), 7 rectovaginal (10%), 1 rectourethral (1%) and 1 pouch-vaginal fistula (1%). All patients were followed up with a mean of 4.5 months. Forty-eight RMAFs (69% of total) were performed with 16 successful repairs (33%). Twenty-two FPs (31% of total) were performed with 7 successful repairs (32%, P = 0.9). In failed repairs, there was no difference in terms of mean time to failure (RMAF 4.8 months versus FP 4.1 months, P = 0.62). Magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 21 patients (37%) before the repair. The success rate in these patients was 20%. The results of treatment of complex anal fistulas are disappointing. The choice of operation of either a RMAF or a FP did not alter the poor healing rates of about one third of patients in each group.

Percutaneous drainage of abscesses associated with biliary fistulae

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Berger, H.; Winter, T.; Pratschke, E.; Sauerbruch, T.; Klinikum Grosshadern, Muenchen; Klinikum Grosshadern, Muenchen

1989-01-01

33 abdominal abscesses associated with fistulae in 31 patients were treated by percutaneous drainage. 19 of these patients had had surgery immediately preceding the drainage. In 64% the percutaneous drainage led to a diagnosis of an internal fistula. Additional therapeutic measures, because of the fistula, were necessary in 45% (operation, biliary drainage, repositioning of catheter). The average duration of drainage was 29 days. 77% of those abscesses which could be drained were treated successfully. Mortality in the entire series was 19%. (orig.) [de

Gurya cutting and female genital fistulas in Niger: ten cases.

Science.gov (United States)

Ouedraogo, Itengre; McConley, Regina; Payne, Christopher; Heller, Alison; Wall, L Lewis

2018-03-01

The objective was to determine the contribution of female genital cutting to genital fistula formation in Niger from the case records of a specialist fistula hospital. A retrospective review was undertaken of the records of 360 patients seen at the Danja Fistula Center, Danja, Niger, between March 2014 and September 2016. Pertinent clinical and socio-demographic data were abstracted from the cases identified. A total of 10 fistulas resulting from gurya cutting was obtained: 9 cases of urethral loss and 1 rectovaginal fistula. In none of the cases was genital cutting performed for obstructed labor or as part of ritual coming-of-age ceremonies, but all cutting procedures were considered "therapeutic" within the local cultural context as treatment for dyspareunia, lack of interest in or unwillingness to engage in sexual intercourse, or female behavior that was deemed to be culturally inappropriate by the male spouse, parents, or in-laws. Clinical cure (fistula closed and the patient continent) was obtained in all 10 cases, although 3 women required more than one operation. Gurya cutting is an uncommon, but preventable, cause of genital fistulas in Niger. The socio-cultural context which gives rise to gurya cutting is explored in some detail.

Menstrual Patterns and Treatment of Heavy Menstrual Bleeding in Adolescents with Bleeding Disorders.

Science.gov (United States)

Dowlut-McElroy, Tazim; Williams, Karen B; Carpenter, Shannon L; Strickland, Julie L

2015-12-01

To characterize menstrual bleeding patterns and treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding in adolescents with bleeding disorders. We conducted a retrospective review of female patients aged nine to 21 years with known bleeding disorders who attended a pediatric gynecology, hematology, and comprehensive hematology/gynecology clinic at a children's hospital in a metropolitan area. Prevalence of heavy menstrual bleeding at menarche, prolonged menses, and irregular menses among girls with bleeding disorders and patterns of initial and subsequent treatment for heavy menstrual bleeding in girls with bleeding disorders. Of 115 participants aged nine to 21 years with known bleeding disorders, 102 were included in the final analysis. Of the 69 postmenarcheal girls, almost half (32/69, 46.4%) noted heavy menstrual bleeding at menarche. Girls with von Willebrand disease were more likely to have menses lasting longer than seven days. Only 28% of girls had discussed a treatment plan for heavy menstrual bleeding before menarche. Hormonal therapy was most commonly used as initial treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding. Half (53%) of the girls failed initial treatment. Combination (hormonal and non-hormonal therapy) was more frequently used for subsequent treatment. Adolescents with bleeding disorders are at risk of heavy bleeding at and after menarche. Consultation with a pediatric gynecologist and/or hematologist prior to menarche may be helpful to outline abnormal patterns of menstrual bleeding and to discuss options of treatment in the event of heavy menstrual bleeding. Copyright © 2015 North American Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Frequency of oronasal fistulae in complete cleft palate repair

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aslam, M.

2015-01-01

To determine the frequency of oro-nasal fistula in patients undergoing complete cleft palate repair by two flappalatoplasty. Study Design: Case series. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Plastic Surgery, Services Hospital, Lahore, from January to December 2013. Methodology: Patients admitted to the study place for repair of cleft palate after informed consent obtained were included. Cleft palate was repaired by two-flap palatoplasty, using Bardach technique. Patients were discharged on the second postoperative day and followed-up at third week postoperatively. During follow-up visits, fistulae formation and their sites were recorded on pre-designed proforma. Results: Among the total 90 patients, 40 patients (44.4%) were male and 50 patients (55.6%) were female. The mean age was 6.4 +- 5.7 years ranging from 9 months to 20 years. At third week follow-up, 5 patients (5.6%) had fistulae formation. Four patients (80%) had anterior fistulae and one patient (20%) had posterior fistula. Conclusion: With two-flap palatoplasty Bardach procedure for repair of cleft palate, the complication of fistula formation was uncommon at 5.6%, provided the repair was tension free and multi-layered. (author)

Genito-Urinary Fistula Patients at Bugando Medical Centre ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Genito-Urinary Fistula Patients at Bugando Medical Centre. ... Interventions: A total of 1294 patients underwent surgical treatment of incontinence. ... study shows that low education and poverty were the key factors in the development of fistula.

Detachable balloon embolization of an aneurysmal gastroduodenal arterioportal fistula

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Defreyne, Luc; De Schrijver, Ignace; Vanlangenhove, Peter; Kunnen, Marc [Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Ghent University Hospital (Belgium)

2002-01-01

Extrahepatic arteriovenous fistulas involving the gastroduodenal artery and the portal venous system are rare and almost always a late complication of gastric surgery. Secondary portal hypertension and mesenteric ischemia may provoke abdominal pain, upper and lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage, diarrhea, and weight loss. Until recently, surgical excision has been the therapy of choice with excellent results. The authors report a case of gastroduodenal arterioportal fistula with a rare large interpositioned aneurysm in a cardiopulmonary-compromised patient who was considered a non-surgical candidate. The gastroduodenal arterioportal fistula was occluded endovascularly by means of a detachable balloon. A survey of the literature of this rare type of arterioportal fistula is included. (orig.)

Arteriovenous fistulas aggravate the hemodynamic effect of vein bypass stenoses

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nielsen, T G; Djurhuus, C; Pedersen, Erik Morre

1996-01-01

Doppler spectra obtained 10 cm downstream of the fistula. All measurements were carried out with open and clamped fistula. RESULTS: At 30% diameter reducing stenosis opening of the fistula induced a 12% systolic pressure drop across the stenosis but had no adverse effect on the Doppler waveform parameters...

Open liver trauma causing hepatico caval fistula successfully treated by embolization

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zeineb Mzoughi

2017-02-01

Full Text Available Introduction: Traumatic arteriovenous fistula results from a breach of vascular integrity between a vein and an adjacent artery. Hepato caval fistula is a rare entity. Open surgical approaches have increasingly given way to radiological embolization techniques in the treatment of these arteriovenous fistulae, especially in intrahepatic locations. Case report: We report the case of a patient diagnosed with a fistula, from the right branch of the liver artery to the right hepatic vein, developed following an open liver trauma. Successful embolization through the transarterial route was achieved with simple outcomes. Conclusion: The interventional radiology for endovascular management has revolutionized the treatment of hepatic liver traumas. The conservative treatment is henceforth the common approach even if hepatic artery or hepatic veins are involved in case of arteriovenous fistula. Keywords: Fistula, Trauma, Arteriovenous, Embolization

MRI of congenital urethroperineal fistula

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ghadimi-Mahani, Maryam; Dillman, Jonathan R.; Pai, Deepa; DiPietro, Michael [C. S. Mott Children' s Hospital, Department of Radiology, Section of Pediatric Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI (United States); Park, John [C. S. Mott Children' s Hospital, Department of Pediatric Urology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)

2010-12-15

We present the MRI features of a congenital urethroperineal fistula diagnosed in a 12-year-old boy being evaluated after a single urinary tract infection. This diagnosis was initially suggested by voiding cystourethrogram and confirmed by MRI. Imaging revealed an abnormal fluid-filled tract arising from the posterior urethra and tracking to the perineal skin surface that increased in size during micturition. Surgical resection and histopathological evaluation of the abnormal tract confirmed the diagnosis of congenital urethroperineal fistula. MRI played important roles in confirming the diagnosis and assisting surgical planning. (orig.)

MRI of congenital urethroperineal fistula

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ghadimi-Mahani, Maryam; Dillman, Jonathan R.; Pai, Deepa; DiPietro, Michael; Park, John

2010-01-01

We present the MRI features of a congenital urethroperineal fistula diagnosed in a 12-year-old boy being evaluated after a single urinary tract infection. This diagnosis was initially suggested by voiding cystourethrogram and confirmed by MRI. Imaging revealed an abnormal fluid-filled tract arising from the posterior urethra and tracking to the perineal skin surface that increased in size during micturition. Surgical resection and histopathological evaluation of the abnormal tract confirmed the diagnosis of congenital urethroperineal fistula. MRI played important roles in confirming the diagnosis and assisting surgical planning. (orig.)

A case of vesicouterine fistula after cesarean section with delivery through the bladder

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Schroeder, T; Kristensen, J K

1983-01-01

We report a case of a vesicouterine fistula subsequent to delivery at cesarean section through the bladder. A first attempt to close the fistula failed but a second operation adhering to the general principles of fistula repair was successful.......We report a case of a vesicouterine fistula subsequent to delivery at cesarean section through the bladder. A first attempt to close the fistula failed but a second operation adhering to the general principles of fistula repair was successful....

Nigeria task force alerts public to fistula hazards.

Science.gov (United States)

1994-01-01

Nigeria's National Task Force on Vesico-vaginal Fistula has published a booklet to draw public attention to the problem of fistulae. The 20-page booklet explains how fistulae happen and what can be done to prevent them. It makes clear that early marriage and early pregnancy are major causes of fistulae that lead to the social rejection of many young women. The booklet tells the story of two girls in a series of color pictures with accompanying text in Hausa and English. One girl is given in marriage to an older man at the age of nine, becomes pregnant before she is fully grown, suffers obstructed labor, is denied obstetric care and is left with a vesico-vaginal fistula. With urine leaking from her bladder through her vagina, she smells constantly of urine and is thrown out of the house by her husband. Her parents also reject her and she is reduced to begging until one day she hears of a hospital where fistulae can be repaired. After the repair she is warned that if she has any more babies they must be delivered in a hospital. The other girl is not given away in marriage but goes to school, graduates from university and marries a man of her choice. She becomes pregnant only when her body is fully developed, attends the antenatal clinic, has an easy labor and safe delivery. full text

Clinical and echocardiographic features of aorto-atrial fistulas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ananthasubramaniam Karthik

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Abstract Aorto-atrial fistulas (AAF are rare but important pathophysiologic conditions of the aorta and have varied presentations such as acute pulmonary edema, chronic heart failure and incidental detection of the fistula. A variety of mechanisms such as aortic dissection, endocarditis with pseudoaneurysm formation, post surgical scenarios or trauma may precipitate the fistula formation. With increasing survival of patients, particularly following complex aortic reconstructive surgeries and redo valve surgeries, recognition of this complication, its clinical features and echocardiographic diagnosis is important. Since physical exam in this condition may be misleading, echocardiography serves as the cornerstone for diagnosis. The case below illustrates aorto-left atrial fistula formation following redo aortic valve surgery with slowly progressive symptoms of heart failure. A brief review of the existing literature of this entity is presented including emphasis on echocardiographic diagnosis and treatment.

Eph-B4 regulates adaptive venous remodeling to improve arteriovenous fistula patency

OpenAIRE

Protack, Clinton D.; Foster, Trenton R.; Hashimoto, Takuya; Yamamoto, Kota; Lee, Monica Y.; Kraehling, Jan R.; Bai, Hualong; Hu, Haidi; Isaji, Toshihiko; Santana, Jeans M.; Wang, Mo; Sessa, William C.; Dardik, Alan

2017-01-01

Low rates of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) maturation prevent optimal fistula use for hemodialysis; however, the mechanism of venous remodeling in the fistula environment is not well understood. We hypothesized that the embryonic venous determinant Eph-B4 mediates AVF maturation. In human AVF and a mouse aortocaval fistula model, Eph-B4 protein expression increased in the fistula vein; expression of the arterial determinant Ephrin-B2 also increased. Stimulation of Eph-B-mediated signaling with ...

Colour Doppler ultrasound assessment of well-functioning mature arteriovenous fistulas for haemodialysis access

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pietura, Radoslaw; Janczarek, Marzena; Zaluska, Wojciech; Szymanska, Anna; Janicka, Lucyna; Skublewska-Bednarek, Anna; Szczerbo-Trojanowska, Malgorzata

2005-01-01

Background: A well-functioning mature arteriovenous fistula is essential for the maintenance of haemodialysis in patients with chronic renal failure. The Brescia-Cimino arteriovenous fistula has the best survival characteristics and low rate of complications. The most common reason of fistula failure is thrombosis caused by stenosis. Colour Doppler ultrasonography has proven to be effective in the assessment of anatomical vascular features. The majority of studies were done in patients with clinically presumed arteriovenous fistula complications. However, only limited data are available about the well-functioning mature arteriovenous fistulas. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate completely asymptomatic, mature arteriovenous fistulas with colour Doppler ultrasound. Materials and methods: From July 2001 to April 2003, we examined 139 patients with the end-stage renal disease. They were in the range of 19-79 years of age (mean, 46.7 years). The study included only the patients who met the following criteria: (1) no difficulties with haemodialysis (as reported by nurses); (2) normal venous diastolic blood pressure (<150 mmHg) at monthly evaluation; (3) normal urea clearance x time/urea volume of distribution; (4) blood cells count, plasma electrolytes, and liver function at monthly evaluation. The mean fistula age was 26 months (S.D. = 21.9). The mean time of dialysis therapy was 49 months. Thirty-eight percent patients had primary fistulas, 23%-secondary, 11%-third and 11%-fourth, 4%-fifth, 5%-sixth, and 8% patients had more than sixth. Results: There was no correlation between: (1) patient's age and fistula age; (2) patient's age and number of fistulas in one patient; (3) fistula age and number of fistulas in one patient; (4) localization of fistula and fistula age. There was a strong correlation between dialysis therapy period and number of fistulas in one patient. The mean flow volume was 1204.1 ml/min (S.D. = 554). It was significantly higher in the

Usefulness of magnetic resonance in the evaluation of perianal fistulas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Campo, M.; Isusi, M.; Oleaga, L.; Grande, D.; Fernandez, G.; Tardaguila, F.

2003-01-01

Our aim was to confirm the usefulness of magnetic resonance in the evaluation of perianal fistulas, and in conjunction with a thought anatomical review of affected areas. This would allow for the building of a proper surgical plan, which would necessarily differ according to the fistula's complexity. We studied 75 patients with perianal fistulas and performed 81 MR studies by means of axial, sagittal and coronal T1 and T2 sequences. Fistula type, degree, etiology and correlation to surgical findings were all studied. Fifty-five patients underwent surgical treatment, and 26 underwent a more conservative treatment with MR follow-up. Ninety-nine fistulas were observed and classified according to norms set down by St. James University Hospital. Of the 55 cases submitted to surgery, 46 showed concordance between the surgical report and MR, whose sensitivity was 84%. In 9 patients, there was no correlation. In the study of perianal fistulas, it is important to establish both the fistulous tract and relationship to the sphincter complex. MR permits an identification of the sprinter complex and a more precise anatomical localization of the fistulous trajectory. It is also capable of differentiating between fibrosis and abscess. Therefore, MR is an appropriate technique for the study of perianal fistulas and related surgical planning. (Author) 6 refs

Necrotizing fasciitis secondary to enterocutaneous fistula: three case reports.

Science.gov (United States)

Gu, Guo-Li; Wang, Lin; Wei, Xue-Ming; Li, Ming; Zhang, Jie

2014-06-28

Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is an uncommon, rapidly progressive, and potentially fatal infection of the superficial fascia and subcutaneous tissue. NF caused by an enterocutaneous fistula has special clinical characters compared with other types of NF. NF caused by enterocutaneous fistula may have more rapid progress and more severe consequences because of multiple germs infection and corrosion by digestive juices. We treated three cases of NF caused by postoperative enterocutaneous fistula since Jan 2007. We followed empirically the principle of eliminating anaerobic conditions of infection, bypassing or draining digestive juice from the fistula and changing dressings with moist exposed burn therapy impregnated with zinc/silver acetate. These three cases were eventually cured by debridement, antibiotics and wound management.

A Case of Pyriform Sinus Fistula Infection with Double Tracts

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Masato Shino

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Pyriform sinus fistula is a rare clinical entity and the precise origin remains controversial. The fistula is discovered among patients with acute suppurative thyroiditis or deep neck infection of the left side of the neck and is usually located in the left pyriform sinus. To the best of our knowledge, only a single tract has been reported to be responsible for pyriform sinus fistula infection. We present a case of a 13-year-old female patient with a pyriform sinus fistula that caused a deep infection of the left side of the neck and showed double-tract involvement discovered during surgical resection of the entire fistula. Both tracts arose around the pyriform sinus and terminated at the upper portion of the left lobe of the thyroid.

Management of Gastropleural Fistula after Revisional Bariatric Surgery: A Hybrid Laparoendoscopic Approach.

Science.gov (United States)

Ghanem, Omar M; Abu Dayyeh, Barham K; Kellogg, Todd A

2017-10-01

Gastropleural fistula (GPF) is a serious complication after bariatric surgery. Multiple treatment modalities including pharmacologic, endoscopic, and revisional surgery have been proposed. We present a case of a GPF managed successfully with a laparoendoscopic approach utilizing a fistula plug. A 43-year-old male patient presented with a GPF after a revisional bariatric surgery. A laparoendoscopic approach including lysis of adhesions, identification of the fistula, plugging the fistula with a BioGore A® fistula plug, placement an enteric stent, placement of a feeding tube, and surgical drainage was performed. The multimedia video illustrates the technique used. Postoperatively, upper gastrointestinal (UGI) imaging showed no evidence of leak. The enteric stent was removed after 2 months after verifying complete healing of the fistula. A laparoendoscopic approach to GPF repair with the use of fistula plug is effective, safe, and feasible.

Bleeding during Pregnancy

Science.gov (United States)

... in pregnancy? • What problems with the placenta can cause bleeding during pregnancy? • Can bleeding be a sign of preterm labor? • ... the hospital. What problems with the placenta can cause bleeding during pregnancy? Several problems with the placenta later in pregnancy ...

Arteriovenous fistula complicating iliac artery pseudo aneurysm: diagnosis by CT angiography.

Science.gov (United States)

Huawei, L; Bei, D; Huan, Z; Zilai, P; Aorong, T; Kemin, C

2002-01-01

Fistula formation to the inferior vena cava is a rare complication of aortic aneurysm which is often misdiagnosed clinically. In one hundred of reported arteriocaval fistulae, none was originating from the right common iliac artery. We report a case of ileo-caval fistula due to a iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm. High resolution 3D imaging using breath-hold CT angiography is highly specific in identifying the location, extent of the aortocaval fistula as well as the neighbouring anatomic structures.

Diagnosis and management of pancreaticopleural fistula.

Science.gov (United States)

Tay, Clifton Ming; Chang, Stephen Kin Yong

2013-04-01

Pancreaticopleural fistula is a rare diagnosis requiring a high index of clinical suspicion due to the predominant manifestation of thoracic symptoms. The current literature suggests that confirmation of elevated pleural fluid amylase is the most important diagnostic test. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography is the recommended imaging modality to visualise the fistula, as it is superior to both computed tomography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in delineating the tract within the pancreatic region. It is also less invasive than ERCP. While a trial of medical regimen has traditionally been the first-line treatment, failure would result in higher rates of complications. Hence, it is suggested that management strategies be planned based on pancreatic ductal imaging, with patients having poor chances of spontaneous closure undergoing either endoscopic or surgical intervention. We also briefly describe a case of pancreaticopleural fistula in a patient who was treated using a modified Puestow procedure after failed endoscopic treatment.

Eyelid liquoric fistula secondary to orbital meningocele

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Renato Antunes Schiave Germano

2015-02-01

Full Text Available Liquoric fistula (LF is defined as the communication of the subarachnoid space with the external environment, which main complication is the development of infection in the central nervous system. We reported the case of a patient with non-traumatic eyelid liquoric fistula secondary to orbital meningocele (congenital lesion, which main clinical manifestation was unilateral eyelid edema. Her symptoms and clinical signs appeared in adulthood, which is uncommon. The patient received surgical treatment, with complete resolution of the eyelid swelling. In conclusion, eyelid cerebrospinal fluid (CSF fistula is a rare condition but with great potential deleterious to the patient. It should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unilateral eyelid edema, and surgical treatment is almost always mandatory.

[Observing effect of treatment of the second branchial fistula with endoscopic resection].

Science.gov (United States)

Jiang, Jiping; Wang, Shuyun; Tong, Kang

2014-03-01

To explore synergic effect of treatment of the second branchial fistula with endoscopic resection. All patients of the second branchial fistula were scanned in neck with CT (computed tomography), we injected ioversol-320 from the entrance of the second branchial fistula in front of sternocleidomastiod into the second branchial fistula, then scanned the neck with CT (computed tomography), and rebuilding the picture of the second branchial fistula, to prepare for the operation. 9 patients of the second branchial fistula were operated under general anesthesia with endoscopic resection. All of 9 patients were cured. no one recurred after follow-up of 6 months. It is minimally invasive and complete to resect the second branchial with endoscopic resection, the operation is simply and easy to promote.

Angiographic patterns of carotid-cavernous fistulas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Georgieva, G.; Jekova, M.; Genov, P.; Hadjidekov, V.

2006-01-01

Full text: The aim of the study is to present our experience in angiographic evaluation of carotid-cavernous fistulas. 8 patients with carotid-cavernous fistula (6 men and 2 women, range of age from 15 to 62) are included in the study out of all undergone cerebral angiography for a four year period (1996 - 2000). All patients underwent CT brain examination, two out of 8 - MRI. Visualization of ipsi- and contra lateral cavernous sinus and ophthalmic vein dilatation are assessed. In all cases the communication between the internal carotid artery and the cavernous sinus has been assessed as direct. Near simultaneous visualization of the home internal carotid artery, the dilated ipsilateral cavernous sinus and dilated superior ophthalmic vein is found in 2 patients, simultaneous visualization of both cavernous sinuses - in two. In 1 patient the early visualization of the cavernous sinus through the fistula enabled visualization of ipsilateral main internal carotid artery from the contra lateral circulation through the communicating arteries.In 1 excessive contralateral cavernous sinus and contralateral superior ophthalmic vein dilatation is detected. In other 1 excessive flow to dilated ipsilateral cavernous sinus lead insufficient circulation in distal vessels. Digital subtraction Angiography remains the most suitable imaging method in carotid-cavernous fistula assessment regarding type of communication and level of following vessels morphology changes

Internal Bleeding

Science.gov (United States)

... Fractures (Part II) Additional Content Medical News Internal Bleeding By Amy H. Kaji, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, ... Emergency First Aid Priorities Cardiac Arrest Choking Internal Bleeding Severed or Constricted Limbs or Digits Soft-Tissue ...

Successful conservative treatment of enterocutaneous fistula with cyanoacrylate surgical sealant: case report.

Science.gov (United States)

Musa, N; Aquilino, F; Panzera, P; Martines, G

2017-01-01

Enterocutaneous (EC) fistula is an abnormal communication between the gastrointestinal tract and the skin. The majority of EC fistulas result from surgery. Only 15-25% of EC fistulas are spontaneous and they often result from underlying diseases such as Crohn's disease, radiation and chemotherapy. A 62-year old woman who, in 2012, underwent Pylorus-preserving cephalic pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPPD sec. Traverso-Longmire), due to an advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (pT3N1M1). After surgery, the patient underwent chemotherapy with folfirinox regimen. In December 2016, as a result of the appearance of metastatic liver lesions and perianastomotic recurrence, the patient underwent second line treatment with Gemcitabine and pab-paclitaxel. After five months from the beginning of this new second line therapy she presented an EC fistula. The fistula of the patient was successfully treated with total parenteral nutrition and with percutaneous injection of cyanoacrylic sealant. The result suggests the advisability of percutaneous injection of sealant devices, such as cyanoacrylate glue; in order to successfully control stable Enterocutaneous fistulas with acceptable morbidity and mortality especially in particular situations, such as, with low output EC fistulas without signs of complications or on patients considered not suitable for surgery, a conservative approach could ensure the control of the fistula. This approach is easy and safe, viable and useful for future trials on the efficacy in conservative treatment of EC fistula.

Reprinted article "Factors associated with early failure of arteriovenous fistulae for haemodialysis access".

Science.gov (United States)

Wong, V; Ward, R; Taylor, J; Selvakumar, S; How, T V; Bakran, A

2011-09-01

The radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula remains the method of choice for haemodialysis access. In order to assess their suitability for fistula formation, the radial arteries and cephalic veins were examined preoperatively by ultrasound colour flow scanner in conjunction with a pulse-generated run-off system. Intraoperative blood flow was measured after construction of the fistulae. Post-operative follow-up was performed at various intervals to monitor the development of the fistulae. Radial artery and cephalic vein diameter less than 1.6 mm was associated with early fistula failure. The intraoperative fistula blood flow did not correlate with the outcome of the operation probably due to vessel spasm from manipulation. However, blood flow velocities measured non-invasively 1 day after the operation were significantly lower in fistulae that failed early compared with those that were adequate for haemodialysis. Most of the increase in fistula diameter and blood flow occur within the first 2 weeks of surgery. Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Bleeding and starving: fasting and delayed refeeding after upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

Science.gov (United States)

Fonseca, Jorge; Meira, Tânia; Nunes, Ana; Santos, Carla Adriana

2014-01-01

Early refeeding after nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding is safe and reduces hospital stay/costs. The aim of this study was obtaining objective data on refeeding after nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. From 1 year span records of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding patients that underwent urgent endoscopy: clinical features; rockall score; endoscopic data, including severity of lesions and therapy; feeding related records of seven days: liquid diet prescription, first liquid intake, soft/solid diet prescription, first soft/solid intake. From 133 patients (84 men) Rockall classification was possible in 126: 76 score ≥5, 50 score bleeding, eight rebled, two underwent surgery, 13 died. Ulcer was the major bleeding cause, 63 patients underwent endoscopic therapy. There was 142/532 possible refeeding records, no record 37% patients. Only 16% were fed during the first day and half were only fed on third day or later. Rockall upper gastrointestinal bleeding patients must be refed earlier, according to guidelines.

Laparoscopic conservative treatment of colo-vesical fistula: a new surgical approach

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cochetti Giovanni

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Introduction The standard treatment of colo-vesical fistula is the exeresis of fistula, suture of bladder wall, colic resection with or without temporary colostomy. Usually the approach is open because conversion rates and morbidity are lower than laparoscopy. The aim of video is to show the steps of a new mini-invasive approach of colo-vesical fistula without colic resection. Materials and Methods A 69 years old male underwent laparoscopic conservative treatment of colo-vesical fistula due to endoscopic polipectomy in sigmoid diverticulum. 12 mm trocar for the camera was placed at the umbilicus, two 10 mm trocars were placed along bisiliac line and 5 mm port was placed along left emiclavear line; Trendelenburg position was 20°. The fistulous loop was carefully isolated, clipped with Hem-o-lock® clips and removed. Since diverticular disease appeared slight and no inflammation signs were evident, colon resection was not performed. We sutured and sinked the sigmoid wall; after curettage of the fistula site, the bladder wall was sutured. Fat tissue was placed between sigmoid and bladder wall to reduce the risk of fistula recurrence. Results Operative time, estimated blood loss, catheterization time, time to flatus and hospital stay were respectively 210 minutes, 300 mL, 10 days, 48 h and 8 days. The histological examination showed colonic inflammatory and necrotic tissue. No complications or fistula recurrence occurred at 54 months follow-up. Conclusions The laparoscopic conservative treatment of colo-vesical fistula is a safe and feasible technique, in particular when the diverticular disease is limited and the fistula is not due to diverticulitis.

Current practices in treatment of female genital fistula: a cross sectional study

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ruminjo Joseph

2010-11-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Maternal outcomes in most countries of the developed world are good. However, in many developing/resource-poor countries, maternal outcomes are bleaker: Every year, more than 500,000 women die in childbirth, mostly in resource-poor countries. Those who survive often suffer from severe and long-term morbidities. One of the most devastating injuries is obstetric fistula, occurring most often in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Fistula treatment and care are available in many countries across Africa and Asia, but there is a lack of reliable data around clinical factors associated with the success of fistula repair surgery. Most published research has been retrospective. While these studies have provided useful information about the care and treatment of fistula, they are limited by the design. This study was designed to identify practices in care that could lead to the design of prospective and randomized controlled trials. Methods Self-administered questionnaires were completed by 40 surgeons known to provide fistula treatment services in Africa and Asia at private and government hospitals. The questionnaire was divided into three parts to address the following issues: prophylactic use of antibiotics before, during, and after fistula surgery; urethral catheter management; and management practices for patients with urinary incontinence following fistula repair. Results The results provide a glimpse into current practices in fistula treatment and care across a wide swath of geographic, economic, and organizational considerations. There is consensus in treatment in some areas (routine use of prophylactic antibiotics, limited bed rest until the catheter is removed, nonsurgical treatment for postsurgical incontinence, while there are wide variations in practice in other areas (duration of catheter use, surgical treatments for postsurgical incontinence. These findings are based on a small sample and do not allow for recommending

Current practices in treatment of female genital fistula: a cross sectional study.

Science.gov (United States)

Arrowsmith, Steven D; Ruminjo, Joseph; Landry, Evelyn G

2010-11-10

Maternal outcomes in most countries of the developed world are good. However, in many developing/resource-poor countries, maternal outcomes are bleaker: Every year, more than 500,000 women die in childbirth, mostly in resource-poor countries. Those who survive often suffer from severe and long-term morbidities. One of the most devastating injuries is obstetric fistula, occurring most often in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Fistula treatment and care are available in many countries across Africa and Asia, but there is a lack of reliable data around clinical factors associated with the success of fistula repair surgery. Most published research has been retrospective. While these studies have provided useful information about the care and treatment of fistula, they are limited by the design. This study was designed to identify practices in care that could lead to the design of prospective and randomized controlled trials. Self-administered questionnaires were completed by 40 surgeons known to provide fistula treatment services in Africa and Asia at private and government hospitals. The questionnaire was divided into three parts to address the following issues: prophylactic use of antibiotics before, during, and after fistula surgery; urethral catheter management; and management practices for patients with urinary incontinence following fistula repair. The results provide a glimpse into current practices in fistula treatment and care across a wide swath of geographic, economic, and organizational considerations. There is consensus in treatment in some areas (routine use of prophylactic antibiotics, limited bed rest until the catheter is removed, nonsurgical treatment for postsurgical incontinence), while there are wide variations in practice in other areas (duration of catheter use, surgical treatments for postsurgical incontinence). These findings are based on a small sample and do not allow for recommending changes in clinical care, but they point to issues for

Gastrosplenic fistula in Hodgkin's lymphoma treated successfully by laparoscopic surgery and chemotherapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Al-Asghar, Hamad I.; Khan, Mohammad Q.; Ghamdi, Abdullah M.; Bamehirz, Fahad Y.; Maghfoor, I.

2007-01-01

A gastrosplenic fistula is a rare complication of a gastric or splenic lesion. We report a case of Hodgkin's lymphoma (nodular sclerosis) involving the spleen that was complicated by spontaneous gastrosplenic fistula. The fistula was closed laparoscopically and the patient underwent partial gastrectomy and gastric wall repair followed by successful chemotherapy. This is also the first reported case in published literature where the closure of gastrosplenic fistula and partial gastrectomy was carried out laparoscopically. We recommend that extensive open surgical procedures including total gastroectomy, splenectomy and pancreatectomy may be avoided in the management of gastrosplenic fistula and the patient could be managed by less radical, simple laparoscopic fistulectomy, with partial gastric resection. If the fistula is caused by a malignant process, the surgical repair should be followed by definitive treatment with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. (author)

Coronary artery to left ventricle fistula

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kumar Vivek

2005-11-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Coronary cameral fistulas are an uncommon entity, the etiology of which may be congenital or traumatic. They involve abnormal termination of a coronary artery, usually the right coronary, into a cardiac chamber, usually the right ventricle. Case Presentation We describe a case of female patient with severe aortic stenosis and interventricular septal hypertrophy that underwent bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement with concomitant septal myectomy. On subsequent follow-up an abnormal flow traversing the septum into the left ventricle was identified and Doppler interrogation demonstrated a continuous flow, with a predominantly diastolic component, consistent with coronary arterial flow. Conclusion The literature on coronary cameral fistulas is reviewed and the etiology of the diagnostic findings discussed. In our patient, a coronary artery to left ventricle fistula was the most likely explanation secondary to trauma to the septal perforator artery during myectomy. Since the patient was asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis no intervention was recommended and has done well on follow-up.

Repair of large palatal fistula using tongue flap

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fejjal Nawfal

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Large palatal fistulas are a challenging problem in cleft surgery. Many techniques are used to close the defect. The tongue flap is an easy and reproductible procedure for managing this complication. The authors report a case of a large palatal fistula closure with anteriorly based tongue flap.

Vesico Vaginal Fistula Following Sexual Assault: Case Report ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

She had indwelling urethral catheter for 21 days with urinary antiseptic and the fistula healed. This approach is a treatment option in young girls with traumatic VVF particularly where limited tissue access will make surgical repair difficult. Key Words: Vesico-Vaginal Fistula, Sexual Assault. [ Trop J Obstet Gynaecol, 2004 ...

Beyond repair - family and community reintegration after obstetric fistula surgery: study protocol

OpenAIRE

Byamugisha, Josaphat; El Ayadi, Alison; Obore, Susan; Mwanje, Haruna; Kakaire, Othman; Barageine, Justus; Lester, Felicia; Butrick, Elizabeth; Korn, Abner; Nalubwama, Hadija; Knight, Sharon; Miller, Suellen

2015-01-01

Background Obstetric fistula is a debilitating birth injury that affects an estimated 2?3 million women globally, most in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. The urinary and/or fecal incontinence associated with fistula affects women physically, psychologically and socioeconomically. Surgical management of fistula is available with clinical success rates ranging from 65?95 %. Previous research on fistula repair outcomes has focused primarily on clinical outcomes without considering the broader goal ...

Pancreatic Pseudocyst Pleural Fistula in Gallstone Pancreatitis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sala Abdalla

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Extra-abdominal complications of pancreatitis such as pancreaticopleural fistulae are rare. A pancreaticopleural fistula occurs when inflammation of the pancreas and pancreatic ductal disruption lead to leakage of secretions through a fistulous tract into the thorax. The underlying aetiology in the majority of cases is alcohol-induced chronic pancreatitis. The diagnosis is often delayed given that the majority of patients present with pulmonary symptoms and frequently have large, persistent pleural effusions. The diagnosis is confirmed through imaging and the detection of significantly elevated amylase levels in the pleural exudate. Treatment options include somatostatin analogues, thoracocentesis, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP with pancreatic duct stenting, and surgery. The authors present a case of pancreatic pseudocyst pleural fistula in a woman with gallstone pancreatitis presenting with recurrent pneumonias and bilateral pleural effusions.

Bronchobiliary Fistula Localized by Cholescintigraphy with Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Artunduaga, Maddy; Patel, Niraj R.; Wendt, Julie A.; Guy, Elizabeth S.; Nachiappan, Arun C.

2015-01-01

Biliptysis is an important clinical feature to recognize as it is associated with bronchobiliary fistula, a rare entity. Bronchobiliary fistulas have been diagnosed with planar cholescintigraphy. However, cholescintigraphy with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) can better spatially localize a bronchobiliary fistula as compared to planar cholescintigraphy alone, and is useful for preoperative planning if surgical treatment is required. Here, we present the case of a 23-year-old male who developed a bronchobiliary fistula in the setting of posttraumatic and postsurgical infection, which was diagnosed and localized by cholescintigraphy with SPECT

Successful Treatment of Bronchoesophageal Fistula With Esophageal and Bronchial Stenting

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cheng-Yi Wang

2011-04-01

Full Text Available Bronchoesophageal fistula is reported in 5-10% of patients with esophageal cancer. In most of these cases, the insertion of a single stent, either a tracheobronchial or an esophageal stent, is sufficient to seal off the fistula. In this case we describe a 67-year-old man with esophageal cancer and complications of bronchoesophageal fistula, which resulted in repeated pneumonia and acute respiratory failure. Initially, two expandable metallic membranous esophageal stents were placed to cover the fistula. However, the esophageal stent failed to stop the air leak and dislodged into the stomach. Thereafter, a bronchial stent was placed at the right intermediate bronchus and successfully stopped the air leak. The patient was then weaned from the ventilator 1 week after the insertion of a bronchial stent. In conclusion, stenting in both the esophagus and airways should be considered when both are severely invaded by malignancy, when the airway is compressed, or when the fistula is insufficiently sealed by an esophageal stent.

Congenital bronchobiliary fistula diagnosis by cholescintigraphy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aguilar, C.; Cano, R.; Camasca, A.; Del Pino, T.; Gonzales, J.; Rivera, J.; Untiveros, A.

2005-01-01

A case of a six-year-old female patient diagnosed with congenital bronchobiliary fistula is presented. Only 20 cases have been reported in the literature of this disease in this institution. The patient showed sings and symptoms of a respiratory illness from birth that complicated progressively. She was submitted to multiple imaging like chest x-rays, CT, ultrasound and Tc-99m HIDA cholescintigraphy. This procedure confirmed the presence of a bronchobiliary fistula that was corrected by surgery, with subsequent improvement of clinical symptoms. (authors)

First Branchial Arch Fistula: A Rarity and a Surgical Challenge.

Science.gov (United States)

Rajkumar, J S; Ganesh, Deepa; Anirudh, J R; Akbar, S; Joshi, Niraj

2016-06-01

Although 2(nd) Branchial arch fistulae (from incomplete closure of Cervical sinus of His) are well known, 1(st) arch fistulae are much rarer (branchial arch fistula of the type II Arnot classification, which presented with two external openings of more than 20 years duration. Patient had a successful resection of all the concerned fistulous tract. Review of literature and the surgical challenges of the procedure are presented herewith.

Management of pediatric second branchial fistulae: is tonsillectomy necessary?

Science.gov (United States)

Cheng, Jeffrey; Elden, Lisa

2012-11-01

To describe the surgical management of second branchial fistulae that extend to the pharynx, specifically to determine whether tonsillectomy, along with surgical excision of the tract affects the rate of recurrence. Retrospective chart review of pediatric patients (agebranchial anomalies at a tertiary-care children's hospital between January 1, 2006 and September 1, 2011. Sinus tracts that extended to the pharynx were considered to be fistulae. Seventy-four patients were identified who underwent surgical excision of 85 total second branchial anomalies - 20 cysts (23.5%), 29 sinuses (34.1%), and 36 fistulae (42.4%). The 36 fistulae were removed from 32 patients, 23 males and 9 females, with an average age of 43.3 months. There were 16 right, 11 left, and 5 bilateral lesions. In 14 (43.8%) of the fistulae cases, a tonsillectomy was performed. There was only one recurrence (2.8%), which occurred 41 months postoperatively. No statistically significant difference for recurrence (p=1.0) was found between the group of patients that underwent tonsillectomy and those that did not. Pediatric branchial anomalies can present as a cyst, sinus, or fistula. They are developmental failures in the involution of the branchial apparatus during the embryologic period. Management of second branchial anomalies is with surgical excision of the tract and ligation of the terminal attachment to the pharynx. Our results suggest that the recurrence rates are not affected by whether or not an ipsilateral tonsillectomy is performed. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Beyond repair - family and community reintegration after obstetric fistula surgery: study protocol.

Science.gov (United States)

Byamugisha, Josaphat; El Ayadi, Alison; Obore, Susan; Mwanje, Haruna; Kakaire, Othman; Barageine, Justus; Lester, Felicia; Butrick, Elizabeth; Korn, Abner; Nalubwama, Hadija; Knight, Sharon; Miller, Suellen

2015-12-18

Obstetric fistula is a debilitating birth injury that affects an estimated 2-3 million women globally, most in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. The urinary and/or fecal incontinence associated with fistula affects women physically, psychologically and socioeconomically. Surgical management of fistula is available with clinical success rates ranging from 65-95 %. Previous research on fistula repair outcomes has focused primarily on clinical outcomes without considering the broader goal of successful reintegration into family and community. The objectives for this study are to understand the process of family and community reintegration post fistula surgery and develop a measurement tool to assess long-term success of post-surgical family and community reintegration. This study is an exploratory sequential mixed-methods design including a preliminary qualitative component comprising in-depth interviews and focus group discussions to explore reintegration to family and community after fistula surgery. These results will be used to develop a reintegration tool, and the tool will be validated within a small longitudinal cohort (n = 60) that will follow women for 12 months after obstetric fistula surgery. Medical record abstraction will be conducted for patients managed within the fistula unit. Ethical approval for the study has been granted. This study will provide information regarding the success of family and community reintegration among women returning home after obstetric fistula surgery. The clinical and research community can utilize the standardized measurement tool in future studies of this patient population.

Obstetric fistulae repair in a Nigerian Tertiary Health Institution ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

This was a hospital based retrospective study of one hundred and fifty-five ... fistula and also describe factors that may influence the outcome of successful repair. ... and presence of rectovaginal fistula and duration of urinary incontinence prior ...

Nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Burke, Stephen J.; Weldon, Derik; Sun, Shiliang; Golzarian, Jafar

2007-01-01

Nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NUGB) remains a major medical problem even after advances in medical therapy with gastric acid suppression and cyclooxygenase (COX-2) inhibitors. Although the incidence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding presenting to the emergency room has slightly decreased, similar decreases in overall mortality and rebleeding rate have not been experienced over the last few decades. Many causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding have been identified and will be reviewed. Endoscopic, radiographic and angiographic modalities continue to form the basis of the diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal bleeding with new research in the field of CT angiography to diagnose gastrointestinal bleeding. Endoscopic and angiographic treatment modalities will be highlighted, emphasizing a multi-modality treatment plan for upper gastrointestinal bleeding. (orig.)

Nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Burke, Stephen J.; Weldon, Derik; Sun, Shiliang [University of Iowa, Department of Radiology, Iowa, IA (United States); Golzarian, Jafar [University of Iowa, Department of Radiology, Iowa, IA (United States); University of Iowa, Department of Radiology, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa, IA (United States)

2007-07-15

Nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NUGB) remains a major medical problem even after advances in medical therapy with gastric acid suppression and cyclooxygenase (COX-2) inhibitors. Although the incidence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding presenting to the emergency room has slightly decreased, similar decreases in overall mortality and rebleeding rate have not been experienced over the last few decades. Many causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding have been identified and will be reviewed. Endoscopic, radiographic and angiographic modalities continue to form the basis of the diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal bleeding with new research in the field of CT angiography to diagnose gastrointestinal bleeding. Endoscopic and angiographic treatment modalities will be highlighted, emphasizing a multi-modality treatment plan for upper gastrointestinal bleeding. (orig.)

TEMS: an alternative method for the repair of benign recto-vaginal fistulae.

Science.gov (United States)

Darwood, R J; Borley, N R

2008-07-01

The repair of high recto-vaginal fistula can be challenging since access may be limited via the endo-anal approach yet the alternative trans-abdominal route carries significant morbidity. We report the use of TEMS to repair a recto-vaginal fistula following anterior resection and pelvic radiotherapy. The patient was placed prone and a 25 cm rectoscope was inserted. A proximally based mucosal advancement flap was raised to repair the fistula. The patient was discharged 2 days later and a contrast study confirmed closure of the fistula. COMPARISON WITH OTHER TECHNIQUES: TEMS allows excellent visualisation of a rectovaginal fistula compared to standard endo-anal or trans-vaginal techniques. The morbidity is lower than the trans-abdominal route. TEMS is a useful technique for the repair of benign recto-vaginal fistula and has distinct advantages over conventional techniques.

Determinants of obstetric fistula in Ethiopia. Asrat Atsedeweyn ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2017-09-03

Sep 3, 2017 ... factors for obstetrics fistula include early age at pregnan- cy, short stature, illiteracy, poverty, not attending antenatal care, and rural place of residence or living far away from a health facility14. Tesfaye17 used the Cox proportional hazard analysis to evaluate time to recovery of obstetric fistula at Yirgalem.

Bronchobiliary Fistula Evaluated with Magnetic Resonance Imaging

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ragozzino, A.; Rosa, R. De; Galdiero, R.; Maio, A.; Manes, G.

2005-01-01

Bronchobiliary fistula (BBF) is a rare disorder consisting of a passageway between the biliary ducts and the bronchial tree. Many conditions may give rise to this development. Management of these fistulas is often difficult and can be associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. We present a case of BBF developing after hemihepatectomy in a 74-year-old man treated with endoscopic biliary drainage and illustrate MRCP findings

Characterization of the upper pouch tracheo-oesophageal fistula in oesophageal atresia.

Science.gov (United States)

Summerour, Virginia; Stevens, Paul S; Lander, Anthony D; Singh, Michael; Soccorso, Giampiero; Arul, G Suren

2017-02-01

A small proportion of infants with oesophageal atresia (OA) are thought to have a proximal tracheoesophageal fistula (TOF). Failure to recognize these can hamper mobilization of the upper pouch and lead to life-threatening episodes of aspiration once oral feeding starts. We reviewed our experience of upper pouch fistulae to identify characteristic features of proximal TOF. A retrospective review of TOF/OA patient notes and bronchoscopy photographs and videos, identified from our database from 01/01/2006 to 12/31/2015, was performed. Eight (6.1%) infants were identified (M:F 5:3) from a total population of 131 newly diagnosed TOF/OA infants during the period. Their median gestational age was 33 (range 28-39) weeks, and median birth weight was 1647g (range 1100-3400g). Five were initially diagnosed with pure OA and 3 with a distal TOF. All patients underwent rigid bronchoscopy at the initial surgery but only one proximal fistula was identified. The 7 missed proximal fistulae were subsequently found either during on-table oesophagograms for gap assessment (n=2), at the time of thoracotomy when mobilizing the upper pouch (n=3), or during subsequent bronchoscopy for symptoms post OA repair (n=2). Two patients needed a further operation to divide the fistula. Review of the bronchoscopy videos identified four characteristic differences between upper and lower pouch fistulae. Proximal fistulae are found just distal to the vocal cords, are very small, often no more than a pit, do not open and close with ventilation, and are best identified by insufflation of the esophagus. Upper pouch fistulae are relatively easy to miss because of different characteristics compared with H-type or distal fistulae that have not previously been mentioned in the literature. level IV. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Localised perforation of locally advanced transverse colon cancer with spontaneous colocutaneous fistula formation: a clinical challenge.

Science.gov (United States)

Wadhwani, Nikita; Diwakar, Deepak Kumar

2018-04-19

Colon cancer can present with complications such as obstruction, perforation and bleeding. The clinical presentation has been recognised as an independent prognostic factor for morbidity and mortality. 1 We present a rare case of localised perforation of a locally advanced colon cancer arising from mid-transverse colon in an elderly woman in the absence of widely metastatic disease with eventual cutaneous involvement of the overlying skin by direct extension, resulting in formation of colocutaneous fistula. The management of such cases is complex as usually tailored to the situation encountered. 2 This case was a clinical challenge to choose between initial palliative resection and curative R0 resection following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. © BMJ Publishing Group Ltd (unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

Tracheo-oesophageal fistula diagnosed with multidetector computed tomography.

LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

Hodnett, Pa

2009-04-01

This case highlights important issues in investigation of patients with suspected tracheo-oesophageal fistula including the value of multidetector computed tomography, the importance of thorough imaging evaluation when high clinical suspicion of tracheo-oesophageal fistula exists and the value of close interaction between radiologists and intensive care physicians in the investigation of these patients.

Post-traumatic arteriovenous fistula of the hepatic pedicle.

Science.gov (United States)

Ibn Majdoub Hassani, K; Mohsine, R; Belkouchi, A; Bensaid, Y

2010-10-01

Hepatico-portal fistula (HPF) is a rare condition, most often of post-traumatic or iatrogenic origin and occasionally secondary to a ruptured aneurysm of the hepatic artery into the portal vein. HPF in extrahepatic locations often results in portal hypertension (PHT). While Doppler ultrasound, CT angiography, and magnetic resonance angiography are usually demonstrative, arteriography remains indispensable to clarify the exact anatomical configuration. In the treatment of these arteriovenous (AV) fistulas, open surgical approaches have increasingly given way to radiological embolization techniques, especially in intrahepatic locations, but surgery remains indicated for AV fistulas of the hepatic pedicle where maintenance of hepatic arterial flow is a priority of treatment. We report a patient who had an AV fistula of the hepatic pedicle with resultant PHT presenting 5 years after open abdominal trauma. Treatment was surgical; the immediate and long-term postoperative course was uneventful with regression of PHT. Through analysis of this case and a review of the literature, we discuss the clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic, and prognostic features of this lesion. Copyright © 2010. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.

A case of hypopharyngeal fistula suspected of late complication due to irradiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fuchigami, Teruhiko; Karaho, Takehiro; Hyodo, Yoshihiro; Tanabe, Tetsuya; Kitahara, Satoshi

2003-01-01

We report a case of hypopharyngeal fistula which was suspected of being a late complication due to radiotherapy. The patient was 54-year-old female who had undergone total thyroidectomy for thyroid carcinoma in 1967, receiving a total of 75 Gy postoperative irradiation. In 2001 she came to our hospital complaining of neck pain and difficulty in swallowing. On pharyngoesophagogram we found a hypopharyngeal fistula. The fistula was located under the posterior wall of the hypopharynx between C4 and C7. It was undetectable with flexible fiberscope but was detected with rigid endoscope under the general anesthesia. We suspected it was a late complication of the irradiation. We performed endoscopic laser surgery (KTP), resected the tissue between the upper and lower openings of the fistula, and vertically exposed the fistula in the hypopharyngeal space. Her dysphagia improved. We discuss the mechanism of fistula formation in this case. (author)

A case of hypopharyngeal fistula suspected of late complication due to irradiation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fuchigami, Teruhiko; Karaho, Takehiro; Hyodo, Yoshihiro; Tanabe, Tetsuya; Kitahara, Satoshi [National Defense Medical Coll., Tokorozawa, Saitama (Japan)

2003-05-01

We report a case of hypopharyngeal fistula which was suspected of being a late complication due to radiotherapy. The patient was 54-year-old female who had undergone total thyroidectomy for thyroid carcinoma in 1967, receiving a total of 75 Gy postoperative irradiation. In 2001 she came to our hospital complaining of neck pain and difficulty in swallowing. On pharyngoesophagogram we found a hypopharyngeal fistula. The fistula was located under the posterior wall of the hypopharynx between C4 and C7. It was undetectable with flexible fiberscope but was detected with rigid endoscope under the general anesthesia. We suspected it was a late complication of the irradiation. We performed endoscopic laser surgery (KTP), resected the tissue between the upper and lower openings of the fistula, and vertically exposed the fistula in the hypopharyngeal space. Her dysphagia improved. We discuss the mechanism of fistula formation in this case. (author)

Eguchipsammia fistula Microsatellite Development and Population Analysis

KAUST Repository

Mughal, Mehreen

2012-12-01

Deep water corals are an understudied yet biologically important and fragile ecosystem under threat from recent increasing temperatures and high carbon dioxide emissions. Using 454 sequencing, we develop 14 new microsatellite markers for the deep water coral Eguchipsammia fistula, collected from the Red Sea but found in deep water coral ecosystems globally. We tested these microsatellite primers on 26 samples of this coral collected from a single population. Results show that these corals are highly clonal within this population stemming from a high level of asexual reproduction. Mitochondrial studies back up microsatellite findings of high levels of genetic similarity. CO1, ND1 and ATP6 mitochondrial sequences of E. fistula and 11 other coral species were used to build phylogenetic trees which grouped E. fistula with shallow water coral Porites rather than deep sea L. Petusa.

Pyloro-duodenal hernia with formation of enterocutaneous fistula in ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

A body wall hernia entrapping abomasum and concurrent duodenal fistula in a buffalo calf aged about 8 months, secondary to a dog bite was successfully treated by closure of fistulous orifice and ventro lateral herniorrhaphy. Keywords: Abomaso-epiplocele, Buffalo calf, Duodenal fistula, Herniorrhaphy.

MR cisternography: a new method for the diagnosis of CSF fistulae

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Eberhardt, K.E.W.; Tomandl, B.F.; Huk, W.J.; Hollenbach, H.P.; Deimling, M.

1997-01-01

The aim of this study was to compare a new MRI method for detecting the existence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistulae, i. e. MR cisternography, with CT cisternography. In a prospective study, 30 patients with post-traumatic CSF fistulae were examined. The MR examinations were performed with a 1.0-T whole-body MR system, using two T2 * -weighted sequences, a 3D PSIF (time-inversed fast imaging with steady-state precession, FISP) and a 3D constructive interference steady-state (CISS) sequence. The results of MRI and CT cisternography were compared with the surgical findings. The sensitivity in detecting CSF fistulae with MR cisternography (PSIF: 89.9 %; CISS: 93.6 %) was higher than with CT cisternography (72.3 %). The sensitivity of CT cisternography at detecting CSF fistulae in patients with a size of dural lesion less than 2 mm or in patients with multiple dural lesions is significantly lower compared with the MR method. Although the localization of CSF fistulae always proved possible with MR cisternography, this could only be accomplished wih CT in 70 % of cases. The MR cisternography technique is a new examination method with a higher sensitivity for the detection of CSF fistulae than CT cisternography. The CISS technique is superior compared with PSIF and should be used in patients with high-flow CSF fistulas. (orig.)

The primary study of fistulae isolation for difficult-cured traumatic carotid cavernous by two accesses

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Ziliang; Li Tianxiao; Zhai Shuiting; Cao Huicun; Xu Jiangyu; Bai Weixing; Liu Jian

2007-01-01

Objective: To investigate the feasibility and security of the isolation of fistulae for difficult-cured traumatic carotid cavernous by the anterio or inferior communicating artery. Methods: Five patients with difficult-cured TCCF including four males and one female. They were cathetered by both femoral arteries. Balloon-catheter directly attached to the near of fistulae and microcatheter conversely attached to the far of fistulae. Detachable balloons and micro coils were used to isolated the fistulae. Results: Five patients were cured with fistulae isolation and angiography did not show remnants fistulae in time. Clinical signs and symptoms got better and better. During follows-up no one recurred. Conclusions: The isolation of fistulae is a feasible and secure therapy for the difficult-cured traumatic direct carotid cavernous fistulae. (authors)

Obstetric Fistula: A Narrative Review of the Literature on Preventive ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

AJRH Managing Editor

, especially ... fistula, Prevention, Intervention, Sub-Saharan Africa, Maternal health ... related mental health issues, with these women .... there are misconceptions as to the ‗normal' length ..... component of obstetric fistula prevention programs.

CSF Venous Fistulas in Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension: Imaging Characteristics on Dynamic and CT Myelography.

Science.gov (United States)

Kranz, Peter G; Amrhein, Timothy J; Gray, Linda

2017-12-01

The objective of this study is to describe the anatomic and imaging features of CSF venous fistulas, which are a recently reported cause of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH). We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients with SIH caused by CSF venous fistulas who received treatment at our institution. The anatomic details of each fistula were recorded. Attenuation of the veins involved by the fistula was compared with that of adjacent control veins on CT myelography (CTM). Visibility of the CSF venous fistula on CTM and a modified conventional myelography technique we refer to as dynamic myelography was also compared. Twenty-two cases of CSF venous fistula were identified. The fistulas were located between T4 and L1. Ninety percent occurred without a concurrent epidural CSF leak. In most cases (82%), the CSF venous fistula originated from a nerve root sleeve diverticulum. On CTM, the abnormal veins associated with the CSF venous fistula were seen in a paravertebral location in 45% of cases, centrally within the epidural venous plexus in 32%, and lateral to the spine in 23%. Differences in attenuation between the fistula veins and the control veins was highly statistically significant (p CSF venous fistulas are an important cause of SIH that can be detected on both CTM and dynamic myelograph y and may occur without an epidural CSF leak. Familiarity with the imaging characteristics of these lesions is critical to providing appropriate treatment to patients with SIH.

Obstetric vesico-vaginal fistula is preventable by timely recognition ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Prevention of obstetric fistula should include universal access to maternity care, recognition and timely correction of abnormal progress of labour and punctilious attention to bladder care to avoid post-partum urinary retention. Key words: Obstetric fistula, Risk factors, Pathophysiology, Post-partum urinary retention ...

Gastrointestinal Fistula: Audit of management in a remote hospital ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Background: The management of gastrointestinal fistula continues to present considerable challenge to the surgeon in general and gastrointestinal surgeon in particular. Objectives: To audit the management and report the outcome of the gastrointestinal fistula in a remote hospital. Setup: Eldamazeen Hospital is a regional ...

Bleeding Disorders in Women

Science.gov (United States)

... might be heavy, print and use a menstrual chart to track your bleeding and talk to your ... you’re “low in iron.” Heavy bleeding after dental surgery, other surgery, or childbirth. Prolonged bleeding episodes ...

Vaginal bleeding in pregnancy

Science.gov (United States)

Pregnancy - vaginal bleeding; Maternal blood loss - vaginal ... Up to 1 in 4 women have vaginal bleeding at some time during their pregnancy. Bleeding is more common in the first 3 months (first trimester), especially with twins.

Elevated Shear Stress in Arteriovenous Fistulae: Is There Mechanical Homeostasis?

Science.gov (United States)

McGah, Patrick; Leotta, Daniel; Beach, Kirk; Aliseda, Alberto

2011-11-01

Arteriovenous fistulae are created surgically to provide access for dialysis in patients with renal failure. The current hypothesis is that the rapid remodeling occurring after the fistula creation is in part a process to restore the mechanical stresses to some preferred level (i.e. mechanical homeostasis). Given that nearly 50% of fistulae require an intervention after one year, understanding the altered hemodynamic stress is important in improving clinical outcomes. We perform numerical simulations of four patient-specific models of functioning fistulae reconstructed from 3D Doppler ultrasound scans. Our results show that the vessels are subjected to `normal' shear stresses away from the anastomosis; about 1 Pa in the veins and about 2.5 Pa in the arteries. However, simulations show that part of the anastomoses are consistently subjected to very high shear stress (>10Pa) over the cardiac cycle. These elevated values shear stresses are caused by the transitional flows at the anastomoses including flow separation and quasiperiodic vortex shedding. This suggests that the remodeling process lowers shear stress in the fistula but that it is limited as evidenced by the elevated shear at the anastomoses. This constant insult on the arterialized venous wall may explain the process of late fistula failure in which the dialysis access become occluded after years of use. Supported by an R21 Grant from NIDDK (DK081823).

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

Science.gov (United States)

Feinman, Marcie; Haut, Elliott R

2014-02-01

Upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding remains a commonly encountered diagnosis for acute care surgeons. Initial stabilization and resuscitation of patients is imperative. Stable patients can have initiation of medical therapy and localization of the bleeding, whereas persistently unstable patients require emergent endoscopic or operative intervention. Minimally invasive techniques have surpassed surgery as the treatment of choice for most upper GI bleeding. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A rare complication of Meckel's diverticulum: A fistula between Meckel's diverticulum and the appendix

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ping-Fu Yang

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Meckel diverticulum is the most common congenital anomaly of the small intestine, occurring in about 2%–4% of the population. Meckel diverticulum results from incomplete closure of the omphalomesenteric duct. The presentation of symptomatic Meckel diverticulum includes gastrointestinal hemorrhage, intestinal obstruction, volvulus, intussusception, diverticulitis, and neoplasms. The development of fistula is an extremely rare complication. Previous literature has even shown an enterocolonic fistula, a vesicodiverticular fistula, ileorectal fistula, and fistula-in-ano. To the best of our knowledge, we present the first case of the fistula complicated between Meckel diverticulum and the appendix in a review of the English literature.

Bleeding from gastrointestinal angioectasias is not related to bleeding disorders - a case control study

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lärfars Gerd

2010-09-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Angioectasias in the gastrointestinal tract can be found in up to 3% of the population. They are typically asymptomatic but may sometimes result in severe bleeding. The reasons for why some patients bleed from their angioectasias are not fully understood but it has been reported that it may be explained by an acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AVWS. This condition has similar laboratory findings to congenital von Willebrand disease with selective loss of large von Willebrand multimers. The aim of this study was to find out if AVWS or any other bleeding disorder was more common in patients with bleeding from angioectasias than in a control group. Methods We compared bleeding tests and coagulation parameters, including von Willebrand multimers, from a group of 23 patients with anemia caused by bleeding from angioectasias, with the results from a control group lacking angioectasias. Results No significant differences between the two groups were found in coagulation parameters, bleeding time or von Willebrand multimer levels. Conclusion These results do not support a need for routine bleeding tests in cases of bleeding from angioectasias and do not show an overall increased risk of AVWS among these patients.

Formation of a vesicovaginal fistula in a pig model

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lindberg, Jennifer; Rickardsson, Emilie; Andersen, Margrethe

2015-01-01

the bladder and the vagina was made, and the mucosa between them was sutured together with absorbable sutures. A durometer ureteral stent was introduced into the fistula, secured with sutures to the bladder wall, allowing for the formation of a persistent fistula tract. Six weeks postoperatively cysto...

gastrocolic fistula as a complication of benign gastric ulcer

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Colonoscopy was used in 4 patients and diagnosed fistula in 2. One patient who presented with haematemesis had the fistula diagnosed at surgery. All group A patients underwent partial gastrectomy with a Billroth I gastroduodenotomy and segmental colonic resection with primary anastomosis. There was no recurrence.

Aorto-right atrial fistula after Bentall repair.

Science.gov (United States)

Howard, Charles E; Velasco, Carlos E; Roullard, Christina P; Rafael, Aldo

2017-07-01

We describe a man with the Marfan syndrome and a prior ascending aortic aneurysm resection who presented with knee pain and concern of endocarditis. Transesophageal echocardiogram showed no vegetations, and computed tomography angiogram of the heart showed a possible pseudoaneurysm. Cardiac catheterization and aortogram revealed the diagnosis of an aorto-right atrial fistula, which was then operatively repaired. This case highlights the role that cardiac catheterization with aortogram can play in the detection of aorto-atrial fistula.

An unusual case of spontaneous esophagopleural fistula

OpenAIRE

Manoranjan Dash; Thitta Mohanty; Jyoti Patnaik; Narayan Mishra; Saswat Subhankar; Priyadarsini Parida

2017-01-01

Esophago-pleural fistula (EPF) is an uncommon condition, despite of an anatomical proximity of these structures. Causes of EPF include pneumonectomy for suppurative or tubercular disease of lung and carcinoma lung, malignancy of esophagus. Benign EPF is rare and may be due to trauma or infection. The most common infectious cause is tuberculosis. Spontaneous development of fistula between esophagus and pleura is rarely described in literature. We, hereby present a spontaneous case of such a ra...

Esophagorespiratory fistula: treatment with self-expanding covered stent

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zang Jian; Dou Yongchong; Wang Zheng; Kong Jian

2002-01-01

Objective: To evaluate self-expanding covered stent in the management of esophagorespiratory fistula. Methods: A self-expanding esophageal covered stent was implanted under fluoroscopic guidance in 13 patients with esophagorespiratory fistula. In this series patients aged 31-73 years (60.2 years in average). All patients had a pre-procedure fast of 6-41 days (17.3 days in average), in which 12 patients had pulmonary infection. Results: All fistulas were excluded and swallowing function was restored. No stend-related complication was observed. Pulmonary infection was managed in 10 patients out of 13. The mean survived time was 33.3 wks (1-178 wks) in follow-up. Conclusion: Covered self-expanding stent implantation is a safe and effective treatment of ERF

Obstetric fistula: a narrative review of the literature on preventive ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Obstetric fistula: a narrative review of the literature on preventive ... Eniya K. Lufumpa, Sarah Steele ... The literature also highlights the need for increased governmental support, as a means of preventing the development of fistulas.

Minor Bleeds Alert for Subsequent Major Bleeding in Patients Using Vitamin K Antagonists.

OpenAIRE

Veeger , Nic J.G.M.; Piersma-Wichers , Margriet; Meijer , Karina; Hillege , Hans L.

2011-01-01

Abstract Vitamin K antagonists (VKA) have shown to be effective in primary and secondary prevention of thromboembolism, but the associated risk of bleeding is an important limitation. The majority of the bleeds are clinically mild. In this study, we assessed whether these minor bleeds are associated with major bleeding, when controlling for other important risk indicators, including the achieved quality of anticoagulation. For this, 5898 patients of a specialised anticoagulation cl...

Double balloon esophageal catheter for diagnosis of tracheo-esophageal fistula

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kiyan, Guersu; Dagli, Tolga E.; Tugtepe, Halil; Kodalli, Nihat

2003-01-01

Congenital H-type and recurrent tracheo-esophageal fistulas (TEF) are always difficult to diagnose. For a more accurate diagnosis we designed a new double balloon catheter, which is a modification of esophageal dilatation balloon. The catheter has two balloons to occlude the esophagus proximal and distal to the fistula. The fistula can be identified by passing of the contrast material to the tracheal tree, which was injected into the esophageal segment between the inflated balloons. To prove the efficiency of this catheter, a TEF was created surgically in a New Zealand rabbit. On the postoperative fourteenth day the catheter was tried and the fistula could be visualized easily by injecting the contrast material. We think this technique may be of use in the diagnosis of TEF in children. (orig.)

The International Bleeding Risk Score

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Laursen, Stig Borbjerg; Laine, L.; Dalton, H.

2017-01-01

The International Bleeding Risk Score: A New Risk Score that can Accurately Predict Mortality in Patients with Upper GI-Bleeding.......The International Bleeding Risk Score: A New Risk Score that can Accurately Predict Mortality in Patients with Upper GI-Bleeding....

Using autologous platelet-rich plasma for the treatment of complex fistulas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Almudena Moreno-Serrano

Full Text Available Objective: This study aims to demonstrate the effectiveness and safety of autologous fibrin gel rich in platelet growth factors for the treatment of complex perianal fistulas. Material and methods: Prospective epidemiological study. Patients with complex perianal fistula or perianal fistula mere alteration of continence are included. identification of both holes and the journey, curettage of it and instillation of Vivostat PRF® in the way it is done to observe excess material by OFE. The variables analyzed were: age, sex, use of prior Seton clinic prevalent type of fistula, postoperative complications, fistula closure and impaired quality of life using the SF-36 test (v2. Results: From January 2011 to May 2013 have involved 23 patients, 12 men and 11 women, with an average age of 49 years and a minimum follow-up of 12 months. Two dropped out. 17 patients had low transsphincteric fistulas, 2 and 2 high transsphincteric intersphincteric with impaired continence. The most common symptom is the discharge. Twelve patients had a loose seton (62%, of which nine cured. Of all the patients we have operated the success rate is 62%. No patient developed incontinence after treatment. Only two reported a worse quality of life after surgery. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that there is a clear benefit to the use of Vivostat PRF® as a treatment for complex perianal fistulas. It is a highly reproducible technique with acceptable results and does not produce impairment of continence.

A case report of congenital coronary artery fistula to the left ventricle

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, Byung Hee; Yu, Shi Joon; Moon, Eon Soo; Kim, Sam Hyun; Choi, Young Hi

1987-01-01

Congenital coronary artery fistula is a rare malformation with an incidence of 0.4% of congenital heart disease. Among the various subtypes, fistula to the left ventricle is extremely rare with 6 reported cases till 1983. We present a case of coronary artery fistula between the right coronary artery and the left ventricle. The dilated right coronary artery formed a mass like bulging the right lower heart border in the plain chest PA, we think this is first case with a coronary artery fistula to the left ventricle, reported in Korea

Bronchopleural cutaneous fistula due to Eikenella corrodens.

Science.gov (United States)

Wong, Kin-Sun; Huang, Yhu-Chering

2005-01-01

The aim of this paper is to review the subject and to report on and discuss a case of bronchopleural cutaneous fistula due to Eikenella corrodens. A 16-year-old girl was brought to our hospital with fever and blood-tinged sputum 2 weeks prior to her admission. She suffered from neurologic sequelae of herpetic encephalitis and had been bed-ridden since 5 years of age. A longitudinal paraspinal soft mass had been noted in the previous week by her mother. She had been given oral feeding despite frequent choking for the past few years. On palpation, the mass can be squeezed to follow the least resistance of subcutaneous space longitudinally extending to the lower thoracic region. Chest computed tomography scan revealed right lower lobe necrotizing pneumonitis and a pleuro-cutaneous fistula leading to the subcutaneous air locules. A protracted course of antibiotics was prescribed and subcutaneous air trapping decreased in size over 8 weeks. Eikenella corrodens has increasingly been implicated as a potential causative pathogen in pleuropulmonary infections. Pleuro-cutaneous fistula and abscess formation complicating empyema and necrotizing pneumonitis due to E. corrodens infection have not been reported. A bulging thoracic subcutaneous lesion waxes and wanes with respiration suggest the possibility of a pleruo-cutaneous fistula. Treatment of Eikenella empyema using antibiotics without surgical decortication requires a prolonged course of antibiotic therapy.

Appendico-cutaneous fistula following hysterectomy: first case report

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonio Sérgio Brenner

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Appendico-cutaneous fistulas not related to acute appendicitis or cancer are rare and show spontaneous resolution after conservative treatment, mainly when they show low output, absence of obstruction or sepsis and in patients with good nutritional status. We found no report in the literature on appendico-cutaneous fistula after hysterectomy. The evolution of this case shows that this type of fistula can have low, but persistent debt, requiring definitive surgery. Resumo: Fístulas apendico-cutâneas não relacionadas à apendicite aguda ou neoplasias são raras e de resolução espontânea após tratamento conservador, sobretudo quando se apresentam com baixo débito, ausência de obstrução ou sepse e em pacientes em bom estado nutricional. Não encontramos relato na literatura de fístula apendico-cutânea após histerectomia. A evolução desse caso demonstra que a esse tipo de fístula pode apresentar débito baixo, mas persistente, demandando cirurgia definitiva. Keywords: Fistula, Colorectal surgery, Appendix, Palavras-chave: Fístula, Cirurgia colorretal, Apêndice

Time-to-recovery from obstetric fistula and associated factors: The ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

EPHA USER33

potential risk factors associated with time to recovery of patients from obstetric fistula. Methods: An ... maternal health service and emergency obstetric care are contributing ..... process that causes the fistula may also lead to further destruction ...

Hemodynamic effects of closure of residual arteriovenous fistulae during in situ graft procedures

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Laustsen, Jesper; Nielsen, Henriette Svarre; Pedersen, Erik Morre

2011-01-01

lower limb ischemia were obtained. Direct measurements of proximal and distal blood pressures in the graft were taken and simultaneous determinations of volume blood flow proximally and distally in the graft with ultrasound transit time technique before and after closure of residual fistulae were made......The objective was to study the intraoperative hemodynamic effects of closure of residual arteriovenous fistulae during in situ saphenous vein graft procedures. Data on 60 residual arteriovenous fistulae in nine patients (five men) with a median age of 74 years (range 64-83 years) with critical....... Closure of a fistula with blood flow around or below 100 mL/min did not increase distal outflow, whereas closure of fistulae with higher blood flow resulted in unpredictable changes in distal outflow. Only fistulae with a blood flow above approximately 100 mL/min may be of hemodynamic significance....

Endoscopic transpapillary stenting for pancreatic fistulas after necrosectomy with necrotizing pancreatitis.

Science.gov (United States)

Karjula, Heikki; Saarela, Arto; Vaarala, Anne; Niemelä, Jarmo; Mäkelä, Jyrki

2015-01-01

Data concerning the incidence and treatment of pancreatic fistula after necrosectomy in severe acute necrotizing pancreatitis (SAP) are scarce. Our aim was to assess the incidence of pancreatic fistula, and the feasibility and results of endoscopic transpapillary stenting (ETS) in patients with SAP after necrosectomy. From January 2009 to December 2012 twenty-nine consecutive patients with SAP and necrosectomy in Oulu University Hospital were enrolled into this study. Five patients died before ETS because of the rapid progress of the disease and were, therefore, excluded. ERP was performed for the remaining 24 patients demonstrating fistula in 22/24 patients (92 %). ETS was successful in 23 patients and the fistula closed in all of them after a median of 82 (2-210) days with acceptable morbidity and no procedure-related mortality. All patients after necrosectomy for SAP seem to have internal or external pancreatic fistula. EST aimed at internal drainage of the necrosectomy cavity is a feasible and effective therapy in these patients.

An Interesting Fistula Tract Presenting with Recurrent Gluteal Abscess: Instructive Case

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gulsum Iclal Bayhan

2015-01-01

Full Text Available A fistula extending from the gluteus to penis is an extremely rare entity. In this paper, we have highlighted novel variant of congenital penile to gluteal fistula complicated with gluteal and penoscrotal abscess in a previously healthy boy. A fistulous tract extending from the gluteus to penis has been shown by fistulogram. Bleomycin has been used in fistula tract with successful results in our patient.

False traumatic aneurysms and arteriovenous fistulas: retrospective analysis.

Science.gov (United States)

Davidovic, Lazar B; Banzić, Igor; Rich, Norman; Dragaš, Marko; Cvetkovic, Slobodan D; Dimic, Andrija

2011-06-01

The purpose of this study was to analyze the incidence, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of false traumatic aneurysms and arteriovenous fistulas as well as the outcomes of the patients. A retrospective, 16-year survey has been conducted regarding the cases of patients who underwent surgery for false traumatic aneurysms (FTA) of arteries and traumatic arteriovenous fistulas (TAVF). Patients with iatrogenic AV fistulas and iatrogenic false aneurysms were excluded from the study. There were 36 patients with TAVF and 47 with FTA. In all, 73 (87.95%) were male, and 10 (12.05%) were female, with an average age of 36.93 years (13-82 years). In 25 (29.76%) cases TAVF and FTA appeared combat-related, and 59 (70.24%) were in noncombatants. The average of all intervals between the injury and surgery was 919. 8 days (1 day to 41 years) for FTA and 396.6 days (1 day to 9 years) for TAVF. Most of the patients in both groups were surgically treated during the first 30 days after injury. One patient died on the fourth postoperative day. There were two early complications. The early patency rate was 83.34%, and limb salvage was 100%. There were no recurrent AV fistulas that required additional operations. Because of their history of severe complications, FTA and TAV fistulas require prompt treatment. The treatment is simpler if there is only a short interval between the injury and the operation. Surgical endovascular repair is mostly indicated.

Thyrocervical artery - jugular fistula following internal jugular venous catheterization

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

P P Zachariah

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Arteriovenous fistula (AVF is an anomalous communication between an artery and a vein, caused by an iatrogenic or traumatic etiology. Surgically created upper limb AVF remains the preferred vascular access for patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Nonetheless central vein cannulation for hemodialysis is a common procedure done in patients who need hemodialysis. We incidentally detected a thyrocervical artery - jugular fistula in a patient on maintenance hemodialysis. He underwent a successful intra arterial coil embolization of the feeding vessel. Review of literature has shown that, a thyrocervical artery - internal jugular vein arteriovenous fistula following a central venous catheterization has not been reported so far.

An unusual case of spontaneous esophagopleural fistula.

Science.gov (United States)

Dash, Manoranjan; Mohanty, Thitta; Patnaik, Jyoti; Mishra, Narayan; Subhankar, Saswat; Parida, Priyadarsini

2017-01-01

Esophago-pleural fistula (EPF) is an uncommon condition, despite of an anatomical proximity of these structures. Causes of EPF include pneumonectomy for suppurative or tubercular disease of lung and carcinoma lung, malignancy of esophagus. Benign EPF is rare and may be due to trauma or infection. The most common infectious cause is tuberculosis. Spontaneous development of fistula between esophagus and pleura is rarely described in literature. We, hereby present a spontaneous case of such a rare entity in a middle-aged male.

New Surgical Approach for treatment of complex vesicovaginal fistula. Vesical autoplasty; Avances en la cirugia de la fistula vesicovaginal compleja. Autoplastia vesical

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gil-Vernet Vila, J. M.

2009-07-01

Although currently complex ve sico-vaginal fistulae are an uncommon finding, their solution still remains a problem since no effective surgical technique is yet available. We describe a new vesical autoplasty procedure for solving this entity. Once the fistulae has been thoroughly resected and its borders have been unfolded, a graft is obtained from the posterior-superior vesical wall, which is then slid down to the vesical neck thereby covering great extensions where tissue has been lost, even in the presence of low-capacity bladders. This new operation has led to a 100% cure rate of the 42 consecutive cases of vesico-vaginal fistulae operated on and that had undergone repeated surgery using other thecniques. (Author) 8 refs.

Treating mediastinoesophageal fistula with covered stent through nasal esophagus drainage tube

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Han Xinwei; Wu Gang; Li Yongdong; Ma Nan; Wang Yanli; Gao Xuemei

2005-01-01

Objective: To investigate the value of treating mediastinoesophageal fistula with covered stent through nasal esophagus drainage tube. Methods: Ten patients with mediastinoesophageal fistula were treated by 5F catheter inserting into the abscess cavities through nasal esophageal fistula, with stent placement in the esophagus. The abscess cavities were washed and angiograghied through drainage tube and the sites of the drainage tube were adjusted in time until withdrawal of the tube. Results: The drainage tubes were pulled out within 10-25 days with disappearance of the abscess cavities and normal diet intake without difficulty. Conclusions: Treating mediastinoesophageal fistula with covered stent through nasal esophagus drainage tube is safe, microinvasive economic and acceptable, worth to be recommended. (authors)

Physical examination of the hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula to detect early dysfunction.

Science.gov (United States)

Abreo, Kenneth; Amin, Bakhtiar M; Abreo, Adrian P

2018-04-01

The maintenance of vascular access patency for end-stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis is necessary for survival. Many nephrologists, nurse practitioners, and nurses have limited experience with the physical examination of the arteriovenous fistula. In this review, we define key terms used in the assessment of an arteriovenous fistula. We discuss the arteriovenous fistula physical exam, including details of inspection, palpation, and auscultation. Using these concepts, we review the abnormal findings that can assist practitioners in determining the location of a stenosis. We review the existing literature that validates physical exam findings with gold standard tests such as ultrasound and angiography. Finally, we review data supporting the value of training physicians and nurses in arteriovenous fistula physical examination.

[A vertebral arteriovenous fistula diagnosed by auscultation].

Science.gov (United States)

Iglesias Escalera, G; Diaz-Delgado Peñas, R; Carrasco Marina, M Ll; Maraña Perez, A; Ialeggio, D

2015-01-01

Cervical artery fistulas are rare arteriovenous malformations. The etiology of the vertebral arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) can be traumatic or spontaneous. They tend to be asymptomatic or palpation or continuous vibration in the cervical region. An arteriography is necessary for a definitive diagnosis. The treatment is complete embolization of the fistula. We present the case of a two year-old male, where the mother described it «like a washing machine in his head». On palpation during the physical examination, there was a continuous vibration, and a continuous murmur in left cervical region. A vascular malformation in vertebral region was clinically suspected, and confirmed with angio-MRI and arteriography. AVF are rare in childhood. They should be suspected in the presence of noises, palpation or continuous vibration in the cervical region. Early diagnosis can prevent severe complications in asymptomatic children. Copyright © 2013 Asociación Española de Pediatría. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.

Systemic-pulmonary arteriovenous fistula of traumatic origin: A case report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hirsch, M.; Maroko, I.; Gueron, M.; Goleman, L.

1983-01-01

Arteriovenous fistulas between the systemic circulation and the pulmonary artery are extremely rare. Continuous precordial murmur is the usual clinical sign while unilateral rib notching may be the only radiologic manifestation of this condition. Selective angiographic investigation is necessary to localize the site of such an arteriovenous (AV) fistula before surgery is performed. In a review of the literature of 15 published cases, the majority were of congenital origin, with four of these systemic-pulmonary AV fistulas of traumatic origin, of which one occurred after insertion of an intercostal catheter. We describe one case of traumatic origin 9 years after percutaneous thoracic drainage for spontaneous pneumothorax, in which transcatheter embolic occlusion of the feeding arteries of an AV fistula was attempted. The advantages and the disadvantages of the non-surgical and surgical therapeutic approaches are discussed. (orig.)

COVERED STENTS IN IATROGENIC CORONARY ARTERY FISTULA; A CASE REPORT

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Masoud Poormoghaddas

2010-11-01

Full Text Available Abstract    BACKGROUND: Coronary artery fistula is an abnormal communication between a coronary artery and a cardiac chamber or major cardiac vessels, mostly congenital but some of them are acquired as a consequence of coronary artery perforation.    CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of cavity spilling coronary artery perforation during percutaneous coronary intervention 7 years ago. Because of continuing symptoms and risk of developing heart failure and pulmonary hypertension we were ought to treat this iatrogenically formed coronary artery fistula. We used stent graft implantation to treat it with acceptable results.    CONCLUSION: Beside their application as a rescue for acute coronary artery perforations, stent grafts can be used with acceptable results in iatrogenically acquired coronary artery coronary artery fistula      Keywords: Coronary artery perforation, Coronary artery fistula, Stent graft.

Causes and consequences of obstetric fistula in Ethiopia: A literature review

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniel Nigusse Tollosa, Mengistu Asnake Kibret

2013-04-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACTObstetric fistula (OF is one of the major potential complications of childbirth mostly young women in developing countries including Ethiopia. Though few scientific studies have been conducted related to its causes and consequences, it is challenging to find a comprehensive figure about obstetric fistula in Ethiopia. Therefore, this paper sought that to review the causes and consequences of obstetric fistula in Ethiopia. A number of relevant obstetrics and gynaecology websites and journals were reviewed. Google, Pubmed, and Hinari searching engines were used to find out relevant references. Year of publication, location, language and its type of publication were the inclusion criteria used for reviewing literatures. It is observed that obstetric fistula has been a major burdened mainly for women in the rural Ethiopian and its causes and consequences are very deep and diverse. The great majority of obstetric fistula causes in Ethiopia is due to Obstetric labour. Distance to the health care facility, transportation access, economic factors (poverty, poor knowledge related to the problem, poor health seeking behaviour of the affected women and age at first marriage are the other triggering factors. Stigma and discrimination of obstetric fistula patients by their husbands and families, economic dependency and psychological disorder are often mentioned as consequences for OF patients in Ethiopia.

Risk Factors for Post-TAVI Bleeding According to the VARC-2 Bleeding Definition and Effect of the Bleeding on Short-Term Mortality: A Meta-analysis.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Jiayang; Yu, Wenyuan; Jin, Qi; Li, Yaqiong; Liu, Nan; Hou, Xiaotong; Yu, Yang

2017-04-01

In this study we investigated the effect of post-transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) bleeding (per Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 [VARC-2] bleeding criteria) on 30-day postoperative mortality and examined the correlation between pre- or intraoperative variables and bleeding. Multiple electronic literature databases were searched using predefined criteria, with bleeding defined per Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 criteria. A total of 10 eligible articles with 3602 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed that post-TAVI bleeding was associated with a 323% increase in 30-day postoperative mortality (odds risk [OR]; 4.23, 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.80-6.40; P logistic regression analysis revealed that atrial fibrillation (AF) was independently correlated with TAVI-associated bleeding (OR, 2.63; 95% CI, 1.33-5.21; P = 0.005). Meta-regression showed that potential modifiers like the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) score, mortality, the logistic European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE), aortic valve area, mean pressure gradient, left ventricular ejection fraction, preoperative hemoglobin and platelet levels, and study design had no significant effects on the results of the meta-analysis. Post-TAVI bleeding, in particular, major bleeding/life-threatening bleeding, increased 30-day postoperative mortality. Transapical access was a significant bleeding risk factor. Preexisting AF independently correlated with TAVI-associated bleeding, likely because of AF-related anticoagulation. Recognition of the importance and determinants of post-TAVI bleeding should lead to strategies to improve outcomes. Copyright © 2016 Canadian Cardiovascular Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Spontaneous bronchoesophageal fistula in an adult – A possible delayed sequela of pulmonary tuberculosis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Surendra Patel

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Spontaneous bronchoesophageal fistula in the adult is a rare clinical entity. Most bronchoesophageal fistulae are due to malignancy, prolonged endotracheal intubation or trauma. Granulomatous infections like tuberculosis, HIV and mediastinitis are rare causes of acquired bronchoesophageal fistula. We report a case of a 50 year old man, treated for pulmonary tuberculosis 15 years ago, who developed a spontaneous bronchoesophageal fistula between the mid-esophagus and right main stem bronchus, having no history of malignancy or trauma. Surgical closure of the fistula was done and post operative recovery was uneventful. In this case, the bronchoesophageal fistula probably developed as a delayed sequela of pulmonary tuberculosis as the patient had no active signs of pulmonary tuberculosis clinically or histopathologically.

Alternative treatment of symptomatic pancreatic fistula.

Science.gov (United States)

Wiltberger, Georg; Schmelzle, Moritz; Tautenhahn, Hans-Michael; Krenzien, Felix; Atanasov, Georgi; Hau, Hans-Michael; Moche, Michael; Jonas, Sven

2015-06-01

The management of symptomatic pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy is complex and associated with increased morbidity and mortality. We here report continuous irrigation and drainage of the pancreatic remnant to be a feasible and safe alternative to total pancreatectomy. Between 2005 and 2011, patients were analyzed, in which pancreaticojejunal anastomosis was disconnected because of grade C fistula, and catheters for continuous irrigation and drainage were placed close to the pancreatic remnant. Clinical data were monitored and quality of life was evaluated. A total of 13 of 202 patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy required reoperation due to symptomatic pancreatic fistula. Ninety-day mortality of these patients was 15.3%. Median length of stay on the intensive care unit and total length of stay was 18 d (range 3-45) and 46 d (range 33-96), respectively. Patients with early reoperation (<10 d) had significantly decreased length of stay on the intensive care unit and operation time (P < 0.05). Global health status after a median time of 22 mo (range 6-66) was nearly identical, when compared with that of a healthy control group. Mean follow-up was 44.4 mo (±27.2). Four patients (36.6 %) died during the follow-up period; two patients from tumor recurrence, one patient from pneumonia, and one patient for unknown reasons. Treatment of pancreatic fistula by continuous irrigation and drainage of the preserved pancreatic remnant is a simple and feasible alternative to total pancreatectomy. This technique maintains a sufficient endocrine function and is associated with low mortality and reasonable quality of life. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Bleeding esophageal varices

Science.gov (United States)

... this page: //medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000268.htm Bleeding esophageal varices To use the sharing features on ... veins in the esophagus to balloon outward. Heavy bleeding can occur if the veins break open. Any ...

Complex branchial fistula: a variant arch anomaly.

Science.gov (United States)

De Caluwé, D; Hayes, R; McDermott, M; Corbally, M T

2001-07-01

A 5-year-old boy presented with an infected left-sided branchial fistula. Despite antibiotic treatment and repeated excision of the fistula, purulent discharge from the wound persisted. Three-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) reconstruction greatly facilitated the diagnosis and management of this case by showing the course of the fistulous tract. The complexity of the tract suggests that this represents a variant arch anomaly because it contains features of first, second, third, and fourth arch remnants. Copyright 2001 by W.B. Saunders Company.

An unusual case of spontaneous esophagopleural fistula

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Manoranjan Dash

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Esophago-pleural fistula (EPF is an uncommon condition, despite of an anatomical proximity of these structures. Causes of EPF include pneumonectomy for suppurative or tubercular disease of lung and carcinoma lung, malignancy of esophagus. Benign EPF is rare and may be due to trauma or infection. The most common infectious cause is tuberculosis. Spontaneous development of fistula between esophagus and pleura is rarely described in literature. We, hereby present a spontaneous case of such a rare entity in a middle-aged male.

Hybrid management of a spontaneous ilio-iliac arteriovenous fistula: a case report

LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

O'Brien, Gavin C

2011-08-22

Abstract Introduction Spontaneous iliac arteriovenous fistulae are a rare clinical entity. Such localized fistulation is usually a result of penetrating traumatic or iatrogenic injury. Clinical presentation can vary greatly but commonly includes back pain, high-output congestive cardiac failure and the presence of an abdominal bruit. Diagnosis, therefore, is often incidental or delayed. Case presentation We report a case of a spontaneous ilio-iliac arteriovenous fistula in a 68-year-old Caucasian man detected following presentation with unilateral claudication and congestive cardiac failure. Following computed tomography evaluation, the fistula was successfully treated with a combined endovascular (aorto-uni-iliac device) and open (femoro-femoral crossover) approach. Conclusion Endovascular surgery has revolutionized the management of such fistulae and we report an interesting case of a high-output iliac arteriovenous fistulae successfully treated with a hybrid vascular approach.

A simple novel technique [PUIT] for closure of urethrocutaneous fistula after hypospadias repair: Preliminary results

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Awad M

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Urethrocutaneous fistula is a common complication of urethroplasty for severe hypospadias, even when a microsurgical technique is applied, the closure of the fistula is a challenging problem. We present a simple surgical procedure, posterior urethral incision technique [PUIT] to close the fistula in our department. Between February 2001 and December 2004 we prospectively evaluated 32 patients, 26 patients with initial hypospadias fistulas and 6 with recurrent fistulas who underwent closure of urethrocutaneous fistula after hypospadias repair. The mean age of patients was 5 years, the operation consisted of trimming the fistula edge after mobilization of the skin all-around then a midline posterior urethral incision was done 2 mm above and 2 mm below the fistula opening then re-approximation of the urethral edges using 6/0 vicryl sutures with loop magnification. The timing of fistula repair was between 6 and 13 months after it was formed, all of these were effectively closed except three cases with stricture and fistula. Of these, two were completely relieved after repeated urethral dilatation, three times a week for 2 weeks. The third failed case will need another sitting after 6 months. The posterior midline urethral incision gives a good opportunity for repair without tension with a good cosmetic outcome. This may be done under local anesthesia in adults. The procedure is considered simple rapid and easy to be done for variable fistulas types whatever of its site and the age.

Spontaneous lateral sphenoid cerebrospinal fluid fistula: MRI diagnosis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Matthew Goodier

2012-02-01

Full Text Available Spontaneous or primary cerebrospinal fluid (CSF fistula is a rare cause of CSF rhinorrhoea. Magnetic resonance imaging with high resolution highly T2-weighted images is valuable in preoperative localisation and characterisation of the defect particularly if a transnasal endoscopic approach is planned. This report describes the radiological evaluation and surgical management of a 53 year old male who presented with a spontaneous lateral sphenoid CSF fistula.

GI bleeding - slideshow

Science.gov (United States)

... page: //medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100162.htm GI bleeding - series—Normal anatomy To use the sharing features ... M. Editorial team. Related MedlinePlus Health Topics Gastrointestinal Bleeding A.D.A.M., Inc. is accredited by ...

Scintigraphic evaluation of gastrointestinal bleeding

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Park, Yong Tai; Lee, Choon Keun; Lee, Sun Wha; Choi, Woo Suk; Yoon, Yup; Lim, Jae Hoon

1988-01-01

Gastrointestinal bleeding remains a major diagnostic problem. Although advances have been made in the medical and surgical methods of managing gastrointestinal bleeding, the commonly employed techniques of barium radiography, endoscopy, and angiography may not successfully localize the site and define the cause of gastrointestinal bleeding. Two widely available technetium-99m-labeled radiopharmaceuticals, sulfur colloid and red blood cells are currently used in the evaluation of patients who are bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract. Surgically confirmed 19 patients with use of 99m Tc-sulfur colloid (7 cases) and 99m Tc-RBC (12 cases) were retrospectively evaluated. The overall sensitivity of scintigraphy in detection of bleeding and localization of bleeding site was 68% and 84%, respectively. The authors conclude that bleeding scintigraphy is a safe, sensitive, and non-invasive method as an effective screening test before performing angiography or surgery.

System identification of perilymphatic fistula in an animal model

Science.gov (United States)

Wall, C. 3rd; Casselbrant, M. L.

1992-01-01

An acute animal model has been developed in the chinchilla for the study of perilymphatic fistulas. Micropunctures were made in three sites to simulate bony, round window, and oval window fistulas. The eye movements in response to pressure applied to the external auditory canal were recorded after micropuncture induction and in preoperative controls. The main pressure stimulus was a pseudorandom binary sequence (PRBS) that rapidly changed between plus and minus 200 mm of water. The PRBS stimulus, with its wide frequency bandwidth, produced responses clearly above the preoperative baseline in 78 percent of the runs. The response was better between 0.5 and 3.3 Hz than it was below 0.5 Hz. The direction of horizontal eye movement was toward the side of the fistula with positive pressure applied in 92 percent of the runs. Vertical eye movements were also observed. The ratio of vertical eye displacement to horizontal eye displacement depended upon the site of the micropuncture induction. Thus, such a ratio measurement may be clinically useful in the noninvasive localization of perilymphatic fistulas in humans.

Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome presenting with pulmonary arteriovenous fistula

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Halefoglu, A.M.

2005-01-01

A pulmonary arteriovenous fistula is an abnormal connection between pulmonary arteries and veins. Patients with Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome may present with this vascular malformation, which is a typical finding of the disease. Approximately 5-15% of Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome patients have pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (AVM) and there is usually a family history of AVM in these patients. The malformations are usually located in the lower lobes. In this paper, I describe a 49-year-old male patient with dyspnoea, cough, haemoptysis and epistaxis. Physical examination showed nasal telangiectasias, cyanosis of the lips and nails, and a systolic bruit over the left lung. Chest X-ray revealed a 5-cm mass in the left lower lobe and after magnetic resonance examination, together with 3-D magnetic resonance angiography, it was demonstrated to be a pulmonary arteriovenous fistula. The history of a niece with a similar history of suspected pulmonary arteriovenous fistula led me to consider the possibility of Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome presenting with a pulmonary arteriovenous fistula. Copyright (2005) Blackwell Science Pty Ltd

Endoscopic use of cyanoacrylate glue in the treatment of urethral fistula

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andre Ramos Sorgi Macedo

2013-07-01

Full Text Available Purpose The aim of this video is to demonstrate an endoscopic and minimally invasive repair of an urethrocutaneous fistula with cyanoacrylate glue. Materials and Methods: A 56 year-old-man with post-infectious urethral stricture and recurrent perineal abscess formation due to urethral fistulas. Results The operative time was 60 minutes, no major complications were observed perioperatively and postoperatively. At a follow-up time of 6 months the patient had no evidence of recurrent fistula and abscess formation. CONCLUSIONS The endoscopic use of cyanoacrylate glue represents a safe and minimally invasive approach that might be offered as a first line option for the treatment of urinary fistulas in selected patients, especially those with narrow and long tracts.

Clinical utility of new bleeding criteria: a prospective study of evaluation for the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium definition of bleeding in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

Science.gov (United States)

Choi, Jae-Hyuk; Seo, Jeong-Min; Lee, Dong Hyun; Park, Kyungil; Kim, Young-Dae

2015-04-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical utility of the new bleeding criteria, proposed by the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC), compared with the old criteria for determining the action of physicians in contact with bleeding events, after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The BARC criteria were independently associated with an increased risk of 1-year mortality after PCI, and provided a predictive value, in regard to 1-year mortality. The standardized bleeding definitions will be expected to help the physician to correctly analyze the bleeding events, to select an optimal treatment, and to objectively compare the results of multiple trials and registries. All the patients undergoing PCI from June to September 2012 were prospectively enrolled. Patients who experienced a bleeding event were further classified, based on three different bleeding severity criteria: BARC, Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI), and Global Use of Strategies To Open coronary arteries (GUSTO). The primary outcome was the occurrence of bleeding events requiring interruption of antiplatelet therapy (IAT) by physicians. A total of 376 consecutive patients were included in this study. Total bleeding events occurred in 46 patients (12.2%). BARC type ≥2 bleeding occurred in 30 patients (8.0%); however, TIMI major or minor bleeding, and GUSTO moderate or severe bleeding occurred in 6 (1.6%) and 11 patients (2.9%), respectively. Of the 46 patients, 28 (60.9% of patients) required IAT. On receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis, bleeding defined BARC type ≥2 effectively predicted IAT, with a sensitivity of 89.3%, and a specificity of 98.5% (pdefinition may be a more useful tool for the detection of bleeding with clinical relevance, for patients undergoing PCI. Copyright © 2014 Japanese College of Cardiology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Percutaneous treatment of a bronchobiliary fistula caused by cholelithiasis: case report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Jae Soo; You, Jin Jong

2004-01-01

Bronchobiliary fistulae are rare disorders, with inflammatory diseases of the liver, trauma, previous surgery and biliary obstruction being frequent causative factors. Endoscopic or transhepatic biliary drainage has been used successfully to avoid surgical treatment. We describe a case of a bronchobiliary fistula a 78-year-old man with biliary obstruction caused by impacted calculi. Without surgical or endoscopic intervention, fistulae were treated by percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage and removal of calculi, in conjunction with balloon sphincteroplasty

Improving vascular access outcomes: attributes of arteriovenous fistula cannulation success

Science.gov (United States)

Harwood, Lori E.; Wilson, Barbara M.; Oudshoorn, Abe

2016-01-01

Background Arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are the preferred access for hemodialysis (HD) yet they are underutilized. Cannulation of the fistula is a procedure requiring significant skill development and refinement and if not done well can have negative consequences for patients. The nurses' approach, attitude and skill with cannulation impacts greatly on the patient experience. Complications from miscannulation or an inability to needle fistulas can result in the increased use of central venous catheters. Some nurses remain in a state of a ‘perpetual novice’ resulting in a viscous cycle of negative patient consequences (bruising, pain), further influencing patients' decisions not to pursue a fistula or abandon cannulation. Method This qualitative study used organizational development theory (appreciative inquiry) and research method to determine what attributes/activities contribute to successful cannulation. This can be applied to interventions to promote change and skill development in staff members who have not advanced their proficiency. Eighteen HD nurses who self-identified with performing successful cannulation participated in audio-recorded interviews. The recordings were transcribed verbatim. The data were analyzed using content analysis. Results Four common themes, including patient-centered care, teamwork, opportunity and skill and nurse self-awareness, represented successful fistula cannulation. Successful cannulation is more than a learned technique to correctly insert a needle, but rather represents contextual influences and interplay between the practice environment and personal attributes. Conclusions Practice changes based on these results may improve cannulation, decrease complications and result in better outcomes for patients. Efforts to nurture positive patient experiences around cannulation may influence patient decision-making regarding fistula use. PMID:26985384

Vaginal or uterine bleeding - overview

Science.gov (United States)

... and other menstrual conditions; Abnormal menstrual periods; Abnormal vaginal bleeding ... There are many causes of abnormal vaginal bleeding. HORMONES ... Doctors call the problem abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) . AUB ...

Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene graft fistula for chronic hemodialysis.

Science.gov (United States)

Tellis, V A; Kohlberg, W I; Bhat, D J; Driscoll, B; Veith, F J

1979-01-01

In a retrospective study of 66 PTFE arteriovenous fistulae and 71 BCH arteriovenous fistulae for dialysis access, PTFE had a higher patency rate than BCH at 12 months (62.4 versus 32.5%). PTFE was easier to work with and easier to handle in the face of infection. The lateral upper arm approach to placement of the PTFE graft is desirable in patients who have had multiple previous access procedures because this area is usually free from scarring, is distant from neurovascular structures, and provides a greater length of graft for needle punctures.

CT morphology of splenic vessels in splenoportal fistula

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mansfeld, L; Poehls, C; Boitz, F

1986-12-01

CT examination of a 53-year-old patient with endocarditis and clinical signs of hepatosplenomegaly revealed an atypical vascular morphology in the hilum of the spleen, for which no diagnosis could be established. Angiography indicated the presence of a symptom-free splenoportal fistula, the histological study of which suggested its congenital genesis. The paper describes the morphology, as ascertained by CT, of the splenic vessels characterised by changed haemodynamics due to a hilar splenoportal fistula.

First branchial arch fistula: diagnostic dilemma and improvised surgical management.

Science.gov (United States)

Prabhu, Vinod; Ingrams, Duncan

2011-01-01

First branchial cleft anomalies are uncommon, and only sporadic case reports are published in the literature. They account for 1% to 8% of all the branchial abnormalities. The often variable presentation and tract siting of first arch fistulae have led to misdiagnosis. The misdiagnosis results in inappropriate/ineffective treatment and recurrence of the sinus tract. We present a 19-year-old woman who presented to the ENT outpatient department with episodic discharge from a long-standing fistula anterior to the left sternomastoid muscle. This was associated with repeated episodes of ipsilateral tonsillitis. In relation to the history and because of the position of the fistula, a diagnosis of second branchial arch fistula was made. An attempt at excision was unfortunately followed by early recurrence of discharge. At review following the procedure, a defect of the left tympanic membrane in the form of a fibrous band was noted, and a revised diagnosis of first branchial arch sinus was made. Wide surgical excision of the tract with partial parotidectomy was performed. An uneventful postoperative course followed, with no recurrence of symptoms after 24 months of review. We discuss the case, the diagnostic pathway, and the wide local excision technique used for removal of branchial fistulae. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Transitional Flow in an Arteriovenous Fistula: Effect of Wall Distensibility

Science.gov (United States)

McGah, Patrick; Leotta, Daniel; Beach, Kirk; Aliseda, Alberto

2012-11-01

Arteriovenous fistulae are created surgically to provide adequate access for dialysis in patients with end-stage renal disease. Transitional flow and the subsequent pressure and shear stress fluctuations are thought to be causative in the fistula failure. Since 50% of fistulae require surgical intervention before year one, understanding the altered hemodynamic stresses is an important step toward improving clinical outcomes. We perform numerical simulations of a patient-specific model of a functioning fistula reconstructed from 3D ultrasound scans. Rigid wall simulations and fluid-structure interaction simulations using an in-house finite element solver for the wall deformations were performed and compared. In both the rigid and distensible wall cases, transitional flow is computed in fistula as evidenced by aperiodic high frequency velocity and pressure fluctuations. The spectrum of the fluctuations is much more narrow-banded in the distensible case, however, suggesting a partial stabilizing effect by the vessel elasticity. As a result, the distensible wall simulations predict shear stresses that are systematically 10-30% lower than the rigid cases. We propose a possible mechanism for stabilization involving the phase lag in the fluid work needed to deform the vessel wall. Support from an NIDDK R21 - DK08-1823.

Management of Severe Pancreatic Fistula After Pancreatoduodenectomy.

Science.gov (United States)

Smits, F Jasmijn; van Santvoort, Hjalmar C; Besselink, Marc G; Batenburg, Marilot C T; Slooff, Robbert A E; Boerma, Djamila; Busch, Olivier R; Coene, Peter P L O; van Dam, Ronald M; van Dijk, David P J; van Eijck, Casper H J; Festen, Sebastiaan; van der Harst, Erwin; de Hingh, Ignace H J T; de Jong, Koert P; Tol, Johanna A M G; Borel Rinkes, Inne H M; Molenaar, I Quintus

2017-06-01

Postoperative pancreatic fistula is a potentially life-threatening complication after pancreatoduodenectomy. Evidence for best management is lacking. To evaluate the clinical outcome of patients undergoing catheter drainage compared with relaparotomy as primary treatment for pancreatic fistula after pancreatoduodenectomy. A multicenter, retrospective, propensity-matched cohort study was conducted in 9 centers of the Dutch Pancreatic Cancer Group from January 1, 2005, to September 30, 2013. From a cohort of 2196 consecutive patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy, 309 patients with severe pancreatic fistula were included. Propensity score matching (based on sex, age, comorbidity, disease severity, and previous reinterventions) was used to minimize selection bias. Data analysis was performed from January to July 2016. First intervention for pancreatic fistula: catheter drainage or relaparotomy. Primary end point was in-hospital mortality; secondary end points included new-onset organ failure. Of the 309 patients included in the analysis, 209 (67.6%) were men, and mean (SD) age was 64.6 (10.1) years. Overall in-hospital mortality was 17.8% (55 patients): 227 patients (73.5%) underwent primary catheter drainage and 82 patients (26.5%) underwent primary relaparotomy. Primary catheter drainage was successful (ie, survival without relaparotomy) in 175 patients (77.1%). With propensity score matching, 64 patients undergoing primary relaparotomy were matched to 64 patients undergoing primary catheter drainage. Mortality was lower after catheter drainage (14.1% vs 35.9%; P = .007; risk ratio, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.20-0.76). The rate of new-onset single-organ failure (4.7% vs 20.3%; P = .007; risk ratio, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.03-0.60) and new-onset multiple-organ failure (15.6% vs 39.1%; P = .008; risk ratio, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.20-0.77) were also lower after primary catheter drainage. In this propensity-matched cohort, catheter drainage as first intervention for severe

BUCCAL ADVANCEMENT FLAP DAN ANTROSTOMI: UNTUK TERAPI ORO ANTRAL FISTULA (Laporan Kasus

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rizal Rivandi

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Buccal advancement flap is one of the many ways of treating oro antral fistula. This technique is frequently used by dentists because it is easier to do and has several advantages compared to other techniques. This paper reports a case of oro antral fistula caused by complication of a tooth extraction, with discussions about definition, ethics and other therapies of oro antral fistula.

A descriptive longitudinal study protocol: recurrence and pregnancy post-repair of obstetric fistula in Guinea.

Science.gov (United States)

Delamou, Alexandre; Delvaux, Therese; Beavogui, Abdoul Habib; Levêque, Alain; Zhang, Wei-Hong; De Brouwere, Vincent

2016-10-10

Obstetric fistula is a serious medical condition which affects women in low income countries. Despite the progress of research on fistula, there is little data on long term follow-up after surgical repair. The objective of this study is to analyse the factors associated with the recurrence of fistula and the outcomes of pregnancy following fistula repair in Guinea. A descriptive longitudinal study design will be used. The study will include women who underwent fistula repair between 2012 and 2015 at 3 fistula repair sites supported by the Fistula Care Project in Guinea (Kissidougou Prefectoral Hospital, Labé Regional Hospital and Jean Paul II Hospital of Conakry). Participants giving an informed consent after a home visit by the Fistula Counsellors will be interviewed for enrolment at least 3 months after hospital discharge The study enrolment period is January 1, 2012 - June 30, 2015. Participants will be followed-up until June 30, 2016 for a maximum follow up period of 48 months. The sample size is estimated at 364 women. The cumulative incidence rates of fistula recurrence and pregnancy post-repair will be calculated using Kaplan-Meier methods and the risk factor analyses will be performed using adjusted Cox regression. The outcomes of pregnancy will be analysed using proportions, the Pearson's Chi Square (χ2) and a logistic regression with associations reported as risk ratios with 95 % confidence intervals. All analyses will be done using STATA version 13 (STATA Corporation, College Station, TX, USA) with a level of significance set at P < 0.05. This study will contribute to improving the prevention and management of obstetric fistula within the community and support advocacy efforts for the social reintegration of fistula patients into their communities. It will also guide policy makers and strategic planning for fistula programs. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02686957 . Registered 12 February 2016 (Retrospectively registered).

Treatment of Complex Fistula-in-Ano With a Nitinol Proctology Clip

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nordholm-Carstensen, Andreas; Krarup, Peter-Martin; Hagen, Kikke

2017-01-01

BACKGROUND: The treatment of complex anocutaneous fistulas remains a major therapeutic challenge balancing the risk of incontinence against the chance of permanent closure. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a nitinol proctology clip for closure of complex ano...... with those of other noninvasive, sphincter-sparing techniques for high-complex anocutaneous fistulas, with no risk of incontinence. Predictive parameters for fistula healing using this technique remain uncertain. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A347....

Multi Detector Computed Tomography Fistulography In Patients of Fistula-in-Ano: An Imaging Collage.

Science.gov (United States)

Bhatt, Shuchi; Jain, Bhupendra Kumar; Singh, Vikas Kumar

2017-01-01

Fistula-in-ano, or perianal fistula, is a challenging clinical condition for both diagnosis and treatment. Imaging modalities such as fistulography, anal endosonography, perineal sonography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography (CT) are available for its evaluation. MRI is considered as the modality of choice for an accurate delineation of the tract in relation to the sphincter complex and for the detection of associated complications. However, its availability and affordability is always an issue. Moreover, the requirement to obtain multiple sequences to depict the fistula in detail is cumbersome and confusing for the clinicians to interpret. The inability to show the fistula in relation to normal anatomical structures in a single image is also a limitation. Multi detector computed tomography fistulography ( MDCTF ) is an underutilized technique for defining perianal fistulas. Acquisition of iso-volumetric data sets with instillation of contrast into the fistula delineates the tract and its components. Post-processing with thin sections allows for a generation of good quality images for presentation in various planes (multi-planar reconstructions) and formats (volume rendered technique, maximum intensity projection). MDCTF demonstrates the type of fistula, its extent, whether it is simple or complex, and shows the site of internal opening and associated complications; all in easy to understand images that can be used by the surgeons. Its capability to represent the entire pathology in relation to normal anatomical structures in few images is a definite advantage. MDCTF can be utilized when MRI is contraindicated or not feasible. This pictorial review shares our initial experience with MDCT fistulography in evaluating fistula-in-ano, demonstrates various components of fistulas, and discusses the types of fistulas according to the standard Parks classification.

Targeted transgastric drainage of isolated pancreatic duct segments to cure persistent pancreaticocutaneous fistulas from pancreatitis.

Science.gov (United States)

Boas, F Edward; Kadivar, Fatemeh; Kelly, Peter D; Drebin, Jeffrey A; Vollmer, Charles M; Shlansky-Goldberg, Richard D

2015-02-01

Chronic pancreaticocutaneous fistulas can be difficult to treat. This article presents a snare-target technique for draining a nondilated pancreatic duct into the stomach, diverting pancreatic fluid away from the pancreaticocutaneous fistula to allow it to heal. Internal or internal/external transgastric pancreatic duct or fistula drains were placed in six patients. After an average of 4 months of drainage, all six patients experienced resolution of the cutaneous fistula. Two patients developed a pseudocyst but no recurrent fistula after drain removal, and the other four patients had no pseudocyst or fistula after an average 27-month follow-up (range, 6-74 mo). Copyright © 2015 SIR. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Efficacy of Argentum-Quartz Solution in the Treatment of Perianal Fistulas: A Preliminary Study

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tomasello Giovanni

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background: Nowadays, an optimal and effective medical surgery remains the gold standard for perianal fistulas. Hereby we reported preliminary results in favor of using Argentum-quartz solution for both primary and recurrent perianal fistulas. Methods: Three patients with intersphincteric and extrasphincteric fistulas were enrolled. Argentum-quartz solution was administrated twice a week for a period of 4 weeks, followed by a pause of 8 days and then another 4 weeks of treatment, totally 16 administrations. After treatment, all patients were monitored for a 4-month follow-up. Results: Complete closures of 2 extrasphincteric fistulas and a partial closure with absence of inflammation and superative phenomena in the intrasphincteric fistula were both manifested. Conclusion: Selective treatment of perianal fistulas with an argentum-quartz solution is safe and effective, and may represent a reliable alternative.

Urethro-vaso-cutaneous fistula in a 5-year-old child

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Arat, A.; Midia, M.; Oeztuerk, H.; Uenal, B.; Aydingoez, Ue.; Uensal, M.

1997-01-01

A 5-year-old boy with a 4-year history of urethro-vaso-cutaneous fistula is presented. This is the youngest patient reported to have an acquired urethro-vaso-cutaneous fistula. Fistulography is a convenient method for the demonstration of such entities. (orig.). With 1 fig

Selective occlusion of a carotid sinus cavernous fistula after transsphenoidal hypophysectomy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lins, E.; Dietrich, U.; Wappenschmidt, J.

1987-01-01

A case of carotid cavernous sinus fistula following transsphenoidal hypophysectomy is reported. A selective occlusion of the fistula with patency of the carotid artery was achieved by means of a detachable balloon catheter. (orig.) [de

Management of pharynx fistula after upper digestive tract instrumentation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bogdan Popescu

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Pharynx fistula is a pathological state that can pose serious problems for both physician and patient and can lead up to the death of the patient in complicated cases. The authors describe a series of guidelines for the management of the pharynx fistula regarding the complications of the instrumentation of the upper digestive tract. Most of the cases that are addressed to our clinic can be treated with a conservative approach and a nutrition therapy plan tailored to each case. In selected cases surgery is the method of choice for therapy. The management of the pharynx fistula can be well managed in a multidisciplinary approach using resources from the E.N.T. and H.N.S. department and more important from the ICU department.

Imaging of Anal Fistulas: Comparison of Computed Tomographic Fistulography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Liang, Changhu [Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250021 (China); Lu, Yongchao [Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021 (China); Zhao, Bin [Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250021 (China); Du, Yinglin [Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Institute, Jinan 250014 (China); Wang, Cuiyan [Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250021 (China); Jiang, Wanli [Department of Radiology, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271000 (China)

2014-07-01

The primary importance of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in evaluating anal fistulas lies in its ability to demonstrate hidden areas of sepsis and secondary extensions in patients with fistula in ano. MR imaging is relatively expensive, so there are many healthcare systems worldwide where access to MR imaging remains restricted. Until recently, computed tomography (CT) has played a limited role in imaging fistula in ano, largely owing to its poor resolution of soft tissue. In this article, the different imaging features of the CT and MRI are compared to demonstrate the relative accuracy of CT fistulography for the preoperative assessment of fistula in ano. CT fistulography and MR imaging have their own advantages for preoperative evaluation of perianal fistula, and can be applied to complement one another when necessary.

An aortoduodenal fistula as a complication of immunoglobulin G4-related disease

Science.gov (United States)

Sarac, Momir; Marjanovic, Ivan; Bezmarevic, Mihailo; Zoranovic, Uros; Petrovic, Stanko; Mihajlovic, Miodrag

2012-01-01

Most primary aortoduodenal fistulas occur in the presence of an aortic aneurysm, which can be part of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related sclerosing disease. We present a case who underwent endovascular grafting of an aortoduodenal fistula associated with a high serum IgG4 level. A 56-year-old male underwent urgent endovascular reconstruction of an aortoduodenal fistula. The patient received antibiotics and other supportive therapy, and the postoperative course was uneventful, however, elevated levels of serum IgG, IgG4 and C-reactive protein were noted, which normalized after the introduction of steroid therapy. Control computed tomography angiography showed no endoleaks. The primary aortoduodenal fistula may have been associated with IgG4-related sclerosing disease as a possible complication of IgG4-related inflammatory aortic aneurysm. Endovascular grafting of a primary aortoduodenal fistula is an effective and minimally invasive alternative to standard surgical repair. PMID:23155348

Nephrobronchial fistula secondary to xantogranulomatous pyelonephritis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jose R. De Souza

2003-06-01

Full Text Available INTRODUCTION: Nephrobronchial fistula is a rare complication of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, a disease that can fistulize to lungs, skin, colon and other organs. CASE REPORT: A 37-year old patient presented a chronic history of lumbar pain and thoracic symptoms such as cough, dyspnea and oral elimination of pus. Patient went to several services and was submitted to 2 thorax surgeries before definitive treatment (nephrectomy was indicated. After nephrectomy, the patient presented an immediate improvement with weight gain (8 kg / 1 month and all his symptoms disappeared. CONCLUSION: This clinical case illustrates the natural history of nephrobronchial fistula, the importance of clinical history for diagnosis and the relevance of early treatment of renal lithiasis.

CT morphology of splenic vessels in splenoportal fistula

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mansfeld, L.; Poehls, C.; Boitz, F.

1986-01-01

CT examination of a 53-year-old patient with endocarditis and clinical signs of hepatosplenomegaly revealed an atypical vascular morphology in the hilum of the spleen, for which no diagnosis could be established. Angiography indicated the presence of a symptom-free splenoportal fistula, the histological study of which suggested its congenital genesis. The paper describes the morphology, as ascertained by CT, of the splenic vessels characterised by changed haemodynamics due to a hilar splenoportal fistula. (orig.) [de

Short-term outcomes of the surgical management of acquired rectourethral fistulas: does technique matter?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nfonsam VN

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Valentine N Nfonsam,1 James JL Mateka,2 Andrew D Prather,2 Jorge E Marcet21Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; 2Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USABackground: Acquired rectourethral fistulas are uncommon and challenging to repair. Most arise as a complication of prostate cancer treatment. Several procedures have been described to repair rectourethral fistulas with varying outcomes. We review the etiology, management, and outcomes of patients with rectourethral fistulas at our institution.Materials and methods: A retrospective review of patients undergoing repair of rectourethral fistulas was undertaken. Data were collected on patient demographics, fistula etiology, operative procedure, fecal and urinary diversion, and clinical outcome. Patients with urinary and/or fecal diversion underwent radiographic evaluation to confirm closure of the fistula prior to reversal of the diversion.Results: Fistula repair was performed on 22 patients from 1999 to 2009. All the patients were male of an average age of 69 years (range: 39–82 years. All patients, except one, had prostate cancer. Fistula formation was associated with radiotherapy in 54.4% of patients, brachytherapy in 36.4% of patients, and with external beam radiation therapy in 18.2% of patients. Other causes included prostatectomy (seven patients, 31.8%, cryotherapy (two patients, 9.1%, and perianal abscess (one patient, 4.5%. Procedures performed for fistula repair included transanal repair (eleven patients, 50%, transperineal repair (five patients, 22.7%, transabdominal repair (three patients, 13.6%, and York–Mason repair (three patients, 13.6%. Fourteen patients (63.6% had urinary diversion. Fecal diversion was performed in 16 (72.7% patients. Five (22.7% patients had had previous attempts at fistula repair. Of the 22 patients treated, repair was successful in 20 patients (91%. The average

Differential gene expression in patients with anal fistula reveals high levels of prolactin recepetor

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Song Yi-Huan

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Background/Aim. There are limited data examining variations in the local expression of inflammatory mediators in anal fistulas where it is anticipated that an improved understanding of the inflammatory milieu might lead to the potential therapeutic option of instillation therapy in complicated cases. The aim of the present study was to examine prolactin receptors (PRLR as inflammatory markers and to correlate their expression with both the complexity of anal fistulas and the likelihood of fistula recurrence. Methods. Microarray was used to screen the differentially expressed gene profile of anal fistula using anal mucosa samples with hemorrhoids with ageand sex-matched patients as controls and then a prospective analysis of 65 patients was conducted with anal fistulas. PRLR immunohistochemistry was performed to define expression in simple, complex and recurrent anal fistula cases. The quantitative image comparison was performed combining staining intensity with cellular distribution in order to create high and low score PRLR immunohistochemical groupings. Results. A differential expression profile of 190 genes was found. PRLR expression was 2.91 times lower in anal fistula compared with control. Sixty-five patients were assessed (35 simple, 30 complex cases. Simple fistulas showed significantly higher PRLR expression than complex cases with recurrent fistulae showing overall lower PRLR expression than de novo cases (p = 0.001. These findings were reflected in measurable integrated optical density for complex and recurrent cases (complex cases, 8.31 ± 4.91 x 104 vs simple cases, 12.30 ± 6.91 x 104; p < 0.01; recurrent cases, 7.21 ± 3.51 x 104 vs primarily healing cases, 8.31 ± 4.91 x 104; p < 0.05. In univariate regression analysis, low PRLR expression correlated with fistula complexity; a significant independent effect maintained in multivariate analysis odds ratio [(OR low to high PRLR expression = 9.52; p = 0.001]. Conclusion. PRLR

Upper GI Bleeding in Children

Science.gov (United States)

Upper GI Bleeding in Children What is upper GI Bleeding? Irritation and ulcers of the lining of the esophagus, stomach or duodenum can result in upper GI bleeding. When this occurs the child may vomit blood ...

Gastro-umbilical fistula as a rare complication of benign gastric ulcer perforation: a case report

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lee, Ju Young; Jang, Kyung Mi; Yoon, Hoi Soo; Kim, Min Jeong; Lee, Kwan Seop; Lee, Yul; Bae, Sang Hoon [College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang (Korea, Republic of)

2007-11-15

As fistula occurring between the stomach and other abdominal internal organs or to the surface of the body is usually encountered as a complication of stomach cancer or colon cancer, peptic ulcer disease, or other variable causes. The most common type of gastric fistula is a gastro-colic fistula that is mainly found as a complication of a gastric carcinoma or of a carcinoma of the transverse colon invading each other. Sometimes, a benign gastric ulcer perforation also can cause a gastro-colic fistula. However, as far as we know, a fistula occurring between the stomach and the umbilicus has not been reported. Here we present a case report of a gastro-umbilical fistula in a young woman that manifested as a umbilical discharge.

Gastro-umbilical fistula as a rare complication of benign gastric ulcer perforation: a case report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, Ju Young; Jang, Kyung Mi; Yoon, Hoi Soo; Kim, Min Jeong; Lee, Kwan Seop; Lee, Yul; Bae, Sang Hoon

2007-01-01

As fistula occurring between the stomach and other abdominal internal organs or to the surface of the body is usually encountered as a complication of stomach cancer or colon cancer, peptic ulcer disease, or other variable causes. The most common type of gastric fistula is a gastro-colic fistula that is mainly found as a complication of a gastric carcinoma or of a carcinoma of the transverse colon invading each other. Sometimes, a benign gastric ulcer perforation also can cause a gastro-colic fistula. However, as far as we know, a fistula occurring between the stomach and the umbilicus has not been reported. Here we present a case report of a gastro-umbilical fistula in a young woman that manifested as a umbilical discharge

Enterovaginal or Vesicovaginal Fistula Control Using a Silicone Cup.

Science.gov (United States)

Russell, Katie W; Robinson, Ryan E; Mone, Mary C; Scaife, Courtney L

2016-12-01

An enterovaginal or vesicovaginal fistula is a complication resulting in vaginal discharge of succus, urine, or stool that can lead to significant complications. For low-volume fistulae, tampons or pads may be used. With high-volume fistulae, frequent product change can be painful and unpredictable in terms of efficacy. The psychologic distress is profound. Surgery may not be an option, making symptom control the priority. We report the use of a reusable menstrual silicone vaginal cup placed to divert and contain drainage. The menstrual cup provided significant symptom relief. Drainage is immediately diverted from tissue, unlike with tampon or pad use, which involves longer contact periods with caustic fluids. A system was created by adapting the end of the cup by adding silastic tubing and an external leg bag to provide long-term drainage control. Improvement in quality of life is of primary importance when dealing with fistula drainage. This simple and inexpensive device should be considered in those cases in which the drainage can be diverted as a viable option, especially in those who are symptomatic and awaiting surgical repair or in those for whom surgery cannot be performed.

Congenital coronary artery fistula in children: the interventional management and outcome

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wei, Gao; Aiqing, Zhou; Zhiqing, Yu; Fen, Li; Yumin, Zhong; Yuqi, Zhang; Meirong, Huang; Kun, Sun [Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Children' s Medical Center Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong Univ., Shanghai (China)

2006-11-15

Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of transcatheter closure of congenital coronary artery fistulas (CAFs). Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed on 19 patients mean age of (5.5 {+-} 4.1) years treated from February 1995 to December 2005 with transcatheter closure of CAFs using transcatheter spring coil embolization. Amplatzer PDA occluder or Amplatzer plug. One case had a residual fistula postoperatively associated with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Results: The abnormal parameters included mean fistula diameter (3.7 {+-} 1.6) mm (2.5-8.2 mm), pulmonary mean pressure (28.0 {+-} 5.0 mmHg (25.0-67.0 mmHg) and pulmonary to systemic shunt (Qp/Qs) 1.6 {+-} 0.8 (1.0-2.3). The sites of the fistulas were originated in right coronary artery 11, left anterior descending coronary artery or left circumflex coronary artery 8. Abnormal communication sites of these fistulas were to right ventricle in 14 and right atrium in 5. Various occlusion devices used to close these fistulas included one Gianturco coil in 10, 2-4 Gianturco coils in 3, Duct-Occlud in 3. Amplatzer duct occluder in 2 and Amplatzer plug in 1. the post-operative residul fistula with PDA was treated successfully with PDA occlusion. the immediate, one month and one year complete occlusion rates were 55.6%(10/18), 88.9%(16/18), 100%(18/18), respectively. The coil slipped into the left pulmonary artery in 1 case and correction was obtained by retrieving with forceps. Follow-up studies at 3 months to 4.3 years showed complete abolition of shunt in all patients with no evidence of recanalization leading to recurrences of shunt. Conclusion: Transcatheter closure of CAFs is a safe and effective alternative to surgical repair. (authors)

Congenital coronary artery fistula in children: the interventional management and outcome

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gao Wei; Zhou Aiqing; Yu Zhiqing; Li Fen; Zhong Yumin; Zhang Yuqi; Huang Meirong; Sun Kun

2006-01-01

Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of transcatheter closure of congenital coronary artery fistulas (CAFs). Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed on 19 patients mean age of (5.5 ± 4.1) years treated from February 1995 to December 2005 with transcatheter closure of CAFs using transcatheter spring coil embolization. Amplatzer PDA occluder or Amplatzer plug. One case had a residual fistula postoperatively associated with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Results: The abnormal parameters included mean fistula diameter (3.7 ± 1.6) mm (2.5-8.2 mm), pulmonary mean pressure (28.0 ± 5.0 mmHg (25.0-67.0 mmHg) and pulmonary to systemic shunt (Qp/Qs) 1.6 ± 0.8 (1.0-2.3). The sites of the fistulas were originated in right coronary artery 11, left anterior descending coronary artery or left circumflex coronary artery 8. Abnormal communication sites of these fistulas were to right ventricle in 14 and right atrium in 5. Various occlusion devices used to close these fistulas included one Gianturco coil in 10, 2-4 Gianturco coils in 3, Duct-Occlud in 3. Amplatzer duct occluder in 2 and Amplatzer plug in 1. the post-operative residul fistula with PDA was treated successfully with PDA occlusion. the immediate, one month and one year complete occlusion rates were 55.6%(10/18), 88.9%(16/18), 100%(18/18), respectively. The coil slipped into the left pulmonary artery in 1 case and correction was obtained by retrieving with forceps. Follow-up studies at 3 months to 4.3 years showed complete abolition of shunt in all patients with no evidence of recanalization leading to recurrences of shunt. Conclusion: Transcatheter closure of CAFs is a safe and effective alternative to surgical repair. (authors)

Endovascular Treatment of Autogenous Radiocephalic Fistulas with the 'Eighth Note' Deformity for Hemodialysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Weng Meijui; Chen, Matt Chiung-Yu; Chi Wenche; Liu Yichun; Chien Kofen; Liang Hueilung; Pan, Huay-Ben

2010-01-01

The purpose of this paper is to describe a unique 'eighth note' deformity of the autogenous radiocephalic fistula for hemodialysis and to retrospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of its endovascular treatment. Over 3 years, a total of 808 patients and 558 autogenous radiocephalic fistulas were treated for vascular access dysfunction or thrombosis. These included 14 fistulas in 14 patients (9 men, 5 women; mean age, 58.2 ± 2.8 years; range 27-79 years) whose fistulograms before treatment resembled a musical note, the eighth note. Endovascular treatment sought to remodel the deformed vascular access to a classic radiocephalic fistula and increase the number of cannulation sites available for hemodialysis. The technical and clinical success rates were each 92.8% (13/14). Fistula remodeling was successful in 13 patients. The postintervention primary patency was 100% at 90 days, 91.7 ± 0.8% at 120 days, 78.6 ± 13.9% at 180 days, 62.9 ± 17.9% at 360 days, 31.4 ± 24.0% at 540 days, and 0% at 720 days. The postintervention secondary patency was 100% at 90 days, 100% at 120 days, 100% at 180 days, 85.7 ± 13.2% at 360 days, and 85.7 ± 13.2% at 720 days. No major complications were noted. Minor complications were found in 71.4% of patients, all of which resolved spontaneously. In conclusion, endovascular treatment of fistulas with the eighth note deformity can effectively increase the number of available cannulation sites, facilitate fistula maturation, and facilitate thromboaspiration after fistula thrombosis.

[Aortodigestive fistula and septic wound of the lower leg. A case report].

Science.gov (United States)

Sommier, B; Casoli, V; Gachie, E; Weigert, R; Castède, J-C

2013-06-01

An aortodigestive fistula can be revealed by a peripheral septic wound when patient have aortic endovascular prosthesis. Our clinical case is about a 69-year-old patient with an abscess of the lateral aspect of his left lower limb. He has been treated few years ago for an aorto-abdominal anevrysm by an aortobifemoral prosthesis. In spite of a negative initial assessment for an aortodigestive fistula, anaerobic germs were found into the abscess. The initial treatment associated debridement, negative pressure therapy, dermal substitute and a split thickness skin graft for the loss of cutaneous substance. Months later, in front of an unexplained skin healing delay and fever, we realised new assessment bringing to light an aortodigestive fistula. Furthermore, the local bacterial samples from the wound and the hemocultures found both a lot of Escherichia Coli. The change of the aorto-bifemoral prosthesis and the cure of the aortodigestive fistula allowed the complete healing of the loss of cutaneous substance of the leg. The aortodigestive fistulas have a very high mortality. Because of their difficult diagnosis, their clinical suspicion has to start a complete medical assessment. Every septic wound when patients have vascular prosthesis is suggestive of an aortodigestive fistula. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

CD4+ LYMPHOCYTES IMPROVE VENOUS BLOOD FLOW IN EXPERIMENTAL ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULAE

Science.gov (United States)

Duque, Juan C.; Martinez, Laisel; Mesa, Annia; Wei, Yuntao; Tabbara, Marwan; Salman, Loay H.; Vazquez-Padron, Roberto I.

2015-01-01

Background The role of immune cells in arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) maturation is poorly understood and has received, until quite recently, little attention. This study examines the role of T lymphocytes in AVF vascular remodeling. Methods Experimental fistulae were created in athymic rnu nude rats lacking mature T lymphocytes and euthymic control animals by anastomosing the left superior epigastric vein to the nearby femoral artery. Blood flow rates, wall morphology and histological changes were assessed in AVF 21 days after creation. The effect of CD4+ lymphocytes on AVF maturation in athymic animals was analyzed by adoptive transfer of cells after fistula creation. Results The absence of T lymphocytes compromised blood flow in experimental fistulae. Histopathological inspection of AVF from athymic rats revealed that T cell immunodeficiency negatively affected venous vascular remodeling, as evidenced by a reduced lumen, a thick muscular layer and a low number of inflammatory cells compared to control animals. Adoptive transfer of CD4+ lymphocytes from euthymic rats into athymic animals before and after fistula creation improved blood flow and reduced intima-media thickness. Conclusion These results point at the protective role of CD4+ lymphocytes in the remodeling of the AVF vascular wall. PMID:25999254

[Detection and analysis of the characteristic expression of microRNAs of anal fistula patients].

Science.gov (United States)

Qiu, Jianming; Yu, Jiping; Yang, Guangen; Xu, Kan; Tao, Yong; Lin, Ali; Wang, Dong

2016-07-01

To detect and analyze the characteristic miRNAs profile of anal fistula and explore their possible target genes and potential clinical significance. The anal mucosa close to the hemorrhoids were collected from three patients undergoing fistulectomy and hemorrhoidectomy (fistula group) as well as three patients receiving only hemorroidectomy(hemorrhoids group), matching with fistula group in age, gender and body weight. miRNA microarray was used to compare the expression of 1 285 human miRNAs of the anal mucosa between two groups. Cluster analysis was adopted to analyze the accumulation of the differentially expressed miRNAs(Pcharacteristic miRNAs profile in anal fistula patients, which may play a role in the occurrence and development of anal fistula.

A case-control study of the risk factors for obstetric fistula in Tigray, Ethiopia.

Science.gov (United States)

Lewis Wall, L; Belay, Shewaye; Haregot, Tesfahun; Dukes, Jonathan; Berhan, Eyoel; Abreha, Melaku

2017-12-01

We tested the null hypothesis that there were no differences between patients with obstetric fistula and parous controls without fistula. A unmatched case-control study was carried out comparing 75 women with a history of obstetric fistula with 150 parous controls with no history of fistula. Height and weight were measured for each participant, along with basic socio-demographic and obstetric information. Descriptive statistics were calculated and differences between the groups were analyzed using Student's t test, Mann-Whitney U test where appropriate, and Chi-squared or Fisher's exact test, along with backward stepwise logistic regression analyses to detect predictors of obstetric fistula. Associations with a p value divorce/separation, and lived in more impoverished circumstances than controls. Fistula patients had worse reproductive histories, with greater numbers of stillbirths/abortions and higher rates of assisted vaginal delivery and cesarean section. The final logistic regression model found four significant risk factors for developing an obstetric fistula: age at marriage (OR 1.23), history of assisted vaginal delivery (OR 3.44), lack of adequate antenatal care (OR 4.43), and a labor lasting longer than 1 day (OR 14.84). Our data indicate that obstetric fistula results from the lack of access to effective obstetrical services when labor is prolonged. Rural poverty and lack of adequate transportation infrastructure are probably important co-factors in inhibiting access to needed care.

Lymphogranuloma venereum presenting as a rectovaginal fistula.

Science.gov (United States)

Lynch, C M; Felder, T L; Schwandt, R A; Shashy, R G

1999-01-01

Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a rare form of the sexually transmitted disease caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. In the United States, there are fewer than 350 cases per year. In a review of the world's literature, there has not been a case reported in the last thirty years of a case of LGV presenting as a rectovaginal fistula. We present a case of an otherwise healthy American woman who presented with a rectovaginal fistula. Although uncommon, LGV does occur in developed countries and may have devastating tissue destruction if not recognized and treated before the tertiary stage. PMID:10449269

Multifactorial dyspahgia complicated by esophago-bronchial fistula

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sebastian Julie

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Dysphagia in an elderly patient necessitates urgent clinical evaluation to exclude the possibility of an underlying esophageal malignancy. Atherosclerotic aortic aneurysms are common in old age, but dysphagia aortica resulting from compression of the esophagus by an aortic aneurysm is a rare cause for dysphagia. Development of a malignant esophago-airway fistula can occur from a variety of tumors, the most common of which is esophageal cancer. A case of longstanding dysphagia resulting from dysphagia aortica later developing an esophageal malignancy complicated by esophago-bronchial fistula is outlined in this unique case report.

Magnetization transfer ratio for the assessment of perianal fistula activity in Crohn's disease

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pinson, C.; Dolores, M.; Cruypeninck, Y.; Koning, E.; Dacher, J.N.; Savoye-Collet, C. [Rouen University Hospital-Charles Nicolle, Department of Radiology, Rouen cedex (France); Savoye, G. [Rouen University Hospital-Charles Nicolle, Department of Gastroenterology, Rouen cedex (France)

2017-01-15

Assessment of perianal fistulas is important to guide management of Crohn's disease (CD). Our objectives were to analyze the feasibility of magnetization transfer (MT) imaging to assess fistulas and to evaluate its contribution in assessing disease activity. During 15 months, all patients referred for perianal fistulas in CD underwent 3T-MRI including diffusion, T2/T1-weighted gadolinium-enhanced sequences and MT sequences (one with an off-resonance saturation pulse of 800 and one with 1200 Hz). We collected Van Assche score, fistula activity signs by analyzing T2, diffusion and contrast enhancement. We calculated MT ratio (MTR) with a ROI in the largest fistula. Twenty-nine patients (mean 34.9 years, range 17-53) were included. Van Assche score was 11.7, range 4-21. In 22 patients, the fistula presented with a bright T2 and diffusion signal with contrast enhancement, and was characterized as active. Mean MTR was respectively 47.2 (range 12-68) and 34.3 (range 11-57) at 800 and 1200 Hz. MTR at 800 Hz was significantly lower in non-active (34, range 12-55) than in active fistulas (51, range 24-68) (p < 0.02). MTR is feasible for the assessment of fistulas in CD and in the future could be used to help identify active and non-active fistulas. (orig.)

Spacer Facial Artery Musculomucosal Flap: Simultaneous Closure of Oronasal Fistulas and Palatal Lengthening.

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Jonathan Y; Alizadeh, Kaveh

2016-01-01

In this series, the authors describe a modification of the facial artery musculomucosal flap for oronasal fistula repair. The spacer facial artery musculomucosal flap technique is characterized by a pedicle inset into the retromolar trigone and palate, obviating a second operative stage. This was performed in 14 patients with a 5.2-cm mean fistula size. Average follow-up was 4.3 years, with one partial flap necrosis but no recurrent oronasal fistula. There was a mean decrease of 18 percent in the distance between the velum and the posterior pharyngeal wall. The spacer facial artery musculomucosal flap provides a single-stage reconstruction of oronasal fistula while lengthening the palate through a pushback mechanism. Although further study of velopharyngeal function is needed, the spacer facial artery musculomucosal flap may be beneficial for patients with a short velum and an oronasal fistula. Therapeutic, IV.

Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding (DUB) (For Teens)

Science.gov (United States)

... Staying Safe Videos for Educators Search English Español Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) KidsHealth / For Teens / Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) ... Print en español Sangrado uterino anormal What Is Abnormal Uterine Bleeding? Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is the name doctors ...

Congenital coronary artery fistula

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oh, Yeon Hee; Kim, Hong; Zeon, Seoc Kil; Suh, Soo Jhi

1986-01-01

Congenital coronary artery fistula (CCAF) is communication of a coronary artery or its main branch with one of the atria or ventricles, the coronary sinus, the superior vena cava, or the pulmonary artery. In Korean peoples, only 4 cases of the CCAF were reported as rare as worldwide and authors want to report another case of CCAF, confirmed by operation. 10-year-old girl shows a fistula between sinus node artery of the right coronary artery and right atrium on root aortogram with left-to-right shunt and Qp/Qs=1.58, in which simple ligation of the sinus node artery from right coronary artery was performed. All of the 5 Korean CCAF (4 were previously reported and 1 of authors) were originated from right coronary artery, and of which 4 were opening into right ventricle and 1 of authors were into right atrium. Associated cardiac anomaly was noted in only 1 case as single coronary artery. Ages were from 9 months of age to 10 years old and no adult left case were found. 3 were female and 2 were male patients.

Transvenous embolization of indirect carotid-cavernous fistula via upper ophthalmic/facial vein - Case report and literature review

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sirakov, S.; Penkov, M.; Sirakov, A.; Kamenov, B.; Todorov, Y.; Ninov, K.; Bachvarov, Ch.

2015-01-01

Indirect carotid-cavernous fistula or dural arterio-venous fistula of cavernous sinus is relatively rare pathologic finding. Different classifications of carotid-cavernous fistulae are proposed. Now days more and more they are treated by endovascular approach. A case of authors' practice of transvenous embolization of carotid-cavernous fistula via upper ophthalmic vein in 52 year old female is presented with review of the literature. A week later ocular symptoms of the patient regressed. Control angiography at the third month follow up does not visualize fistula. The transvenous approach in management of carotid cavernous fistulae is safe and effective in cases direct arterial approach is absent or technically impossible. Key words: Indirect Carotid-Cavernous Fistula. Embolization. Transvenous Approach

Carotid-cavernous fistula after functional endoscopic sinus surgery.

Science.gov (United States)

Karaman, Emin; Isildak, Huseyin; Haciyev, Yusuf; Kaytaz, Asim; Enver, Ozgun

2009-03-01

Carotid-cavernous fistulas (CCFs) are anomalous communications between the carotid arterial system and the venous cavernous sinus. They can arise because of spontaneous or trauma causes. Most caroticocavernous fistulas are of spontaneous origin and unknown etiology. Spontaneous CCF may also be associated with cavernous sinus pathology such as arteriosclerotic changes of the arterial wall, fibromuscular dysplasia, or Ehler-Danlos syndrome. Traumatic CCFs may occur after either blunt or penetrating head trauma. Their clinical presentation is related to their size and to the type of venous drainage, which can lead to a variety of symptoms, such as visual loss, proptosis, bruit, chemosis, cranial nerve impairment, intracranial hemorrhage (rare), and so on. Treatment by endovascular transarterial embolization with electrolytically detachable coils is a very effective method for CCF with good outcomes. Carotid-cavernous fistulas have been rarely reported after craniofacial surgery and are uncommon pathologies in otolaryngology practice. In this study, we report a 40-year-old woman with CCF secondary to blunt trauma of functional endoscopic sinus surgery.

Tracheoesophageal Fistula due to a Damaged Tracheal Stent

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Masahiro Kimura

2014-01-01

Full Text Available We describe the management of a tracheoesophageal fistula due to a damaged tracheal stent, which was first inserted to treat tracheal stenosis. A 29-year-old woman with a history of treated epilepsy had a seizure and suffered from smoke inhalation during a fire. Breathing difficulties appeared and gradually worsened; consultation was obtained two years afterward. After undergoing a thorough examination, the patient was diagnosed with tracheal strangulation. A noncovered, metallic stent was inserted. When the patient was 37 years old, she was admitted to our hospital for the treatment of a tracheoesophageal fistula. We diagnosed it as a tracheoesophageal fistula due to the collapse of the damaged tracheal stent toward the esophageal side, and we decided to perform a mediastinal tracheostomy. Granulation may be formed in the circumference of a stent that has been present for a prolonged period, and removal of the stent may become difficult. This case suggests that insertion of a noncovered, metallic stent is contraindicated for a benign disease.

Percutaneous Management of Abscess and Fistula Following Pancreaticoduodenectomy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

AAssar, O. Sami; LaBerge, Jeanne M.; Gordon, Roy L.; Wilson, Mark W.; Mulvihill, Sean J.; Way, Lawrence W.; Kerlan, Robert K.

1999-01-01

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous drainage of fluid collections following pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple's procedure). Methods: We performed a retrospective review of 19 patients referred to our service with fluid collections following pancreaticoduodenectomy. The presence of associated enteric or biliary fistulas, the route(s) of access for image-guided drainage, the incidence of positive bacterial cultures, and the duration and success of percutaneous management were recorded. Results: Fistulous communication to the jejunum in the region of the pancreatico-jejunal anastomosis was demonstrable in all 19 patients by gentle contrast injection into drainage tubes. Three patients had concurrent biliary fistulas. In 18 of 19 patients, fluid samples yielded positive bacterial cultures. Successful percutaneous evacuation of fluid was achieved in 17 of 19 patients (89%). The mean duration of drainage was 31 days. Conclusion: Percutaneous drainage of abscess following pancreaticoduodenectomy is effective in virtually all patients despite the coexistence of enteric and biliary fistulas

Coil Embolization of an Arteriobiliary Fistula Caused by Hepatic Intra-Arterial Chemotherapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Takao, Hidemasa; Doi, Ippei; Makita, Kohzoh; Watanabe, Toshiaki

2005-01-01

Arteriobiliary fistula is a rare complication of hepatic intra-arterial chemotherapy. We report successful coil embolization of an arteriobiliary fistula. An 80-year-old woman underwent percutaneous placement of an indwelling catheter into the replaced right hepatic artery for intra-arterial chemotherapy of liver metastases. Coil embolization of the left hepatic artery was not performed. The patient complained of abdominal pain during intra-arterial chemotherapy. Angiography revealed a fistula between the replaced right hepatic artery and the common bile duct. The fistula was successfully treated by coil embolization via the indwelling catheter, and the indwelling catheter was removed. Although such complications usually herald the termination of intra-arterial chemotherapy, the patient underwent percutaneous implantation of a new catheter-port system, and intra-arterial chemotherapy was restarted

cancerous esophagotracheal fistula: treatment of placement with covered self-expanding metallic stent

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Han Xinwei; Li Tianxiao; Wang Ruilin; Fan Qingxia

1997-01-01

Purpose: To treat the esophagotracheal fistula that was the main cause of death in patients with esophageal carcinoma, the placement of the stent was studied. Materials and methods: Under the fluoroscopic guidance, 28 stents (5 stents made in USA and 23 in China) were successfully implanted in all the 28 patients with esophagotracheal fistula. Results: The aphagia of the patients was greatly improved and a normal diet could be swallowed at once after the placement of the stents. The 27 cases of inhalation pneumonia that caused by the fistula was recovered. Conclusion: The result indicated that the treatment with the placement of the covered self-expanding stent is simple, safe, and effective for most patients with aphagia and pneumonia due to esophagotracheal fistula

Selective Embolization of Bilateral Arterial Cavernous Fistulas for Posttraumatic Penile Arterial Priapism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lazinger, Maxwell; Beckmann, Carl F.; Cossi, Alda; Roth, Robert A.

1996-01-01

A 22-year-old man suffered a hiking accident with perineal trauma and developed a nonpainful priapism secondary to bilateral arterial-cavernosal fistulas. To minimize the risk of impotence in this young patient, successive selective embolizations with autologous blood clot were performed to close the fistulas. This led to an uncomplicated full recovery. No fistula was detectable on Doppler ultrasonography at 1-year follow-up. Review of the literature confirms the safety of embolization with autologous clot

Pediatric esophagopleural fistula

OpenAIRE

Cui, Yun; Ren, Yuqian; Shan, Yijun; Chen, Rongxin; Wang, Fei; Zhu, Yan; Zhang, Yucai

2017-01-01

Abstract Esophagopleural fistula (EPF) is rarely reported in children with a high misdiagnosis rate. This study aimed to reveal the clinical manifestations and managements of EPF in children. Two pediatric cases of EPF in our hospital were reported. A bibliographic search was performed on the PubMed, WANFANG, and CNKI databases for EPF-related reports published between January 1980 and May 2016. The pathogeny, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatments, and prognosis of EPF patients were ...

CORONARY ARTERY FISTULA: A CASE REPORT

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

MZ Chowdhury

2007-01-01

Full Text Available The prevalence of congenital abnormalities of coronary artery is about 2% of general population. Of these abnormalities 5% were related to coronary artery fistulae (CAF. We report a case of 66 year old diabetic woman who presented with retrosternal chest pain. Her chest pain was associated with exercise and progressively deteriorated over the last 6 months. Electrocardiography showed right bundle branch block and Echo Color Doppler revealed hypo kinetic lateral wall. Coronary angiogram detected nothing abnormal except an aberrant tortuous branch of left circumflex. CT scan revealed a calcified sac medial to the descended thoracic aorta. A contrast enhancement was also done. All these imaging impressions were suggestive of coronary-to-pulmonary fistula. Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2007; 1(1: 32-33

Congenital coronary-pulmonary artery fistula originating from right and left coronary artery

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ali Kemal Gür

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Coronary artery fistula (CAF is a rare congenital anomalywith an incidence of 1 in 50 000 live births. The fistula wasobserved at the right coronary artery in 53%, the left coronaryartery in 42% and both coronary artery in 5% of thecases. Echocardiography examination in a 46 year-oldwoman with the symptoms of chest pain, palpitation anddyspnea revealed a severe mitral valve insufficiency anda moderate to severe tricuspid valve insufficiency. A CAForiginating from the proximal part of the left anterior descendingartery (LAD and another fistula originating fromosteal part of the right coronary artery (RCA were detectedby coronary angiography. Both fistulas were draininginto the main pulmonary artery. The coronary artery fistulaclosed under cardiopulmonary by-pass. Mitral insufficiencyoriginated from the posterior leaflet was diagnosedintra-operative exploration, and thereafter it was repairedwith mitral annuloplasty including a quadrangular resectionand use of a 32 No St Jude mitral ring. Tricuspid valvewas repaired with Calangos Ring annuloplasty. Followingsix day hospital stay, the woman was discharged free ofany symptom.Key words: Dyspnea, double arteriovenous fistula, mitral and tricuspid insufficiency

Management of severe perioperative bleeding

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kozek-Langenecker, Sibylle A; Ahmed, Aamer B; Afshari, Arash

2017-01-01

: The management of perioperative bleeding involves multiple assessments and strategies to ensure appropriate patient care. Initially, it is important to identify those patients with an increased risk of perioperative bleeding. Next, strategies should be employed to correct preoperative anaemia...... and to stabilise macrocirculation and microcirculation to optimise the patient's tolerance to bleeding. Finally, targeted interventions should be used to reduce intraoperative and postoperative bleeding, and so prevent subsequent morbidity and mortality. The objective of these updated guidelines is to provide...

The missing foley catheter: an unusual finding in vesicouterine fistula.

Science.gov (United States)

Shephard, Steven N; Lengmang, Sunday J

2013-12-18

A 28-year-old G1P1 presented complaining of urine leakage per vaginum following caesarean delivery, accompanied by amenorrhoea, cyclic haematuria and cyclic pelvic pain. Examination findings were suggestive of vesicouterine fistula and the patient was taken for exploratory laparotomy, during which the foley catheter could not be identified within the bladder. During separation of the bladder from the uterus, the catheter was found to be traversing the fistulous tract into the uterine cavity. Vesicouterine fistula is a fairly uncommon type of urogenital fistula that is frequently associated with caesarean section. Surgical treatment remains the mainstay and successfully cured this patient. Published by Oxford University Press and JSCR Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved. © The Author 2013.

Vesicovaginal fistula after sexual intercourse. A case report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Takeda, Toshikazu; Nishiyama, Toru; Ohara, Rei; Hasegawa, Shintaro

2007-01-01

A 53-year old female visited our hospital with a complaint of continuous urinary incontinence after sexual intercourse. She had been diagnosed with carcinoma of uterine cervix stage I b2 and had undergone radical hysterectomy and radiation therapy (45 Gy). Cystoscopy revealed vesicovaginal fistula in the trigone which measured almost 3 cm. We repaired it by transabdominal and vaginal routes 5 days after the injury. She was discharged with a Foley catheter. Three months after the operation, cystography revealed improvement of vesicovaginal fistula. (author)

The poppy seed test for colovesical fistula: big bang, little bucks!

Science.gov (United States)

Kwon, Eric O; Armenakas, Noel A; Scharf, Stephen C; Panagopoulos, Georgia; Fracchia, John A

2008-04-01

Diagnosis of a colovesical fistula is often challenging, and usually involves numerous invasive and expensive tests and procedures. The poppy seed test stands out as an exception to this rule. We evaluated the accuracy and cost-effectiveness of various established diagnostic tests used to evaluate a suspected colovesical fistula. We identified 20 prospectively entered patients with surgically confirmed colovesical fistulas between 2000 and 2006. Each patient was evaluated preoperatively with a (51)chromium nuclear study, computerized tomography of the abdomen and pelvis with oral and intravenous contrast medium, and the poppy seed test. Costs were calculated using institutional charges, 2006 Medicare limiting approved charges and the market price, respectively. The z test was used to compare the proportion of patients who tested positive for a fistula with each of these modalities. The chromium study was positive in 16 of 20 patients (80%) at a cost of $490.83 per study. Computerized tomography was positive in 14 of 20 patients (70%) at a cost of $652.92 per study. The poppy seed test was positive in 20 of 20 patients (100%) at a cost of $5.37 per study. The difference in the proportion of patients who tested positive for a fistula on computerized tomography and the poppy seed test was statistically significant (p = 0.03). There was no difference between the chromium group and the computerized tomography or poppy seed group (p = 0.72 and 0.12, respectively). The poppy seed test is an accurate, convenient and inexpensive diagnostic test. It is an ideal initial consideration for evaluating a suspected colovesical fistula.

A case of intractable gastrocutaneous fistula after gastric pull-up reconstruction of the pharynx and esophagus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wada, Tadahiko; Tanaka, Shinzo; Hiratsuka, Yasuyuki; Kumabe, Yohei; Yamahara, Kohei; Koyama, Taiji

2012-01-01

Pharyngocutaneous or esophagocutaneous fistula formation is not a rare complication after surgical treatment of head/neck cancer. In cases having developed such fistula, conservative treatment with local manipulation or surgical closure of the fistula using a local or pedicled flap is often possible. We recently encountered a case with an intractable gastrocutaneous fistula which occurred a long time after gastric pull-up reconstruction of the pharynx and esophagus. The patient was a 58-year-old female. As treatment for hypopharyngeal and thoracic esophageal cancers, the patient underwent total resections of the laryngopharynx and esophagus and gastric pull-up reconstruction of the esophagus. Postoperatively, 50 Gy radiation was applied to the neck. Although there was no recurrence of cancer, a salivary fistula above the tracheostomy occurred six years after surgery. Closure of the fistula with a local flap was attempted twice, but did not succeed. The fistula was then closed with a deltopectoral (DP) flap, but a fistula recurred five months later. Finally, by resecting the cervical segment of the pulled-up stomach, the esophagus was reconstructed successfully with a free jejunal graft. An intractable fistula should be replaced using tissue with rich blood flow, such as a free jejunal graft. (author)

Accuracy of rockall score for in hospital re bleeding among cirrhotic patients with variceal bleed

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Asgher, S.; Saleem, M.K.

2015-01-01

To assess the diagnostic accuracy of Roc kall scoring system for predicting in-hospital re-ble- eding in cirrhotic patients presenting with variceal bleed. Material and Methods: This descriptive case series study was conducted at Department of Medicine Combined Military Hospital Lahore from December 2013 to May 2014. We included patients with liver cirrhosis who presented with upper GI bleeding and showed varices as the cause of bleeding on endoscopy. Clinical and endoscopic features were noted to calculate Rockall score. Patients with score < 2 and > 8 were included. After treating with appropriate pharmacological and endoscopic therapy, patients were followed for re-bleeding for 10 days. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed by calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values using 2 x 2 tables. Results: In the study, 175 patients were included. Mean age was 51.5 ± 1.22 years. Male to female ratio was 1.5 to 1.0 out of 175 patients, 157 patients (89.7%) were of low risk group (score = 2) while 18 patients (10.3%) were in high risk group (score > 8). In low risk group, re-bleeding occurred only in 2 patients (1.2%) while in high risk group, re-bleeding occurred in 14 patients (78%). Rockall score was found to have good diagnostic accuracy with sensitivity of 87.5%, specificity of 97.48%, positive predictive value of 77.8% and negative predictive value of 98.7%. Conclusion: In cases of variceal bleed, frequency of re-bleed is less in patients who are in low risk category with lower Rockall score and high in high risk patients with higher rockall score. The Rockall score has a good diagnostic accuracy in prediction of re-bleed in variceal bleeding. (author)

Heart Failure with Transient Left Bundle Branch Block in the Setting of Left Coronary Fistula

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Stephen P. Juraschek

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Coronary arterial fistulas are rare communications between vessels or chambers of the heart. Although cardiac symptoms associated with fistulas are well described, fistulas are seldom considered in the differential diagnosis of acute myocardial ischemia. We describe the case of a 64-year-old man who presented with left shoulder pain, signs of heart failure, and a new left bundle branch block (LBBB. Cardiac catheterization revealed a small left anterior descending (LAD-to-pulmonary artery (PA fistula. Diuresis led to subjective improvement of the patient's symptoms and within several days the LBBB resolved. We hypothesize that the coronary fistula in this patient contributed to transient ischemia of the LAD territory through a coronary steal mechanism. We elected to observe rather than repair the fistula, as his symptoms and ECG changes resolved with treatment of his heart failure.

[A case of anterior tibial arteriovenous fistula after closed fracture of the leg].

Science.gov (United States)

Touzard, R C

1975-01-01

This case permits one to emphasize the great rareness of arteriovenous fistula after closed fractures of the shaft of the tibia. Fistulas in this anterior tibial position are remarkably latent, cause no symptoms below the fistula nor symptoms of heart failure. Treatment by several ligatures, permitted this patient to return to work 15 days after operation without any further treatment. The patient no longer has any symptoms.

Logistic regression analysis of the risk factors of anastomotic fistula after radical resection of esophageal‐cardiac cancer

Science.gov (United States)

Huang, Jinxi; Wang, Chenghu; Yuan, Weiwei; Zhang, Zhandong; Chen, Beibei; Zhang, Xiefu

2017-01-01

Background This study was conducted to investigate the risk factors of anastomotic fistula after the radical resection of esophageal‐cardiac cancer. Methods Five hundred and forty‐four esophageal‐cardiac cancer patients who underwent surgery and had complete clinical data were included in the study. Fifty patients diagnosed with postoperative anastomotic fistula were considered the case group and the remaining 494 subjects who did not develop postoperative anastomotic fistula were considered the control. The potential risk factors for anastomotic fistula, such as age, gender, diabetes history, smoking history, were collected and compared between the groups. Statistically significant variables were substituted into logistic regression to further evaluate the independent risk factors for postoperative anastomotic fistulas in esophageal‐cardiac cancer. Results The incidence of anastomotic fistulas was 9.2% (50/544). Logistic regression analysis revealed that female gender (P < 0.05), laparoscopic surgery (P < 0.05), decreased postoperative albumin (P < 0.05), and postoperative renal dysfunction (P < 0.05) were independent risk factors for anastomotic fistulas in patients who received surgery for esophageal‐cardiac cancer. Of the 50 anastomotic fistulas, 16 cases were small fistulas, which were only discovered by conventional imaging examination and not presenting clinical symptoms. All of the anastomotic fistulas occurred within seven days after surgery. Five of the patients with anastomotic fistulas underwent a second surgery and three died. Conclusion Female patients with esophageal‐cardiac cancer treated with endoscopic surgery and suffering from postoperative hypoproteinemia and renal dysfunction were susceptible to postoperative anastomotic fistula. PMID:28940985

Out of the shadows and 6000 reasons to celebrate: An update from FIGO's fistula surgery training initiative.

Science.gov (United States)

Slinger, Gillian; Trautvetter, Lilli; Browning, Andrew; Rane, Ajay

2018-06-01

Obstetric fistula is a devastating childbirth injury caused by unrelieved obstructed labor. Obstetric fistula leads to chronic incontinence and, in most cases, significant physical and emotional suffering. The condition continues to blight the lives of 1-2 million women in low-resource settings, with 50 000-100 000 new cases each year adding to the backlog. A trained, skilled fistula surgeon is essential to repair an obstetric fistula; however, owing to a global shortage of these surgeons, few women are able to receive life-restoring treatment. In 2011, to address the treatment gap, FIGO and partners released the Global Competency-Based Fistula Surgery Training Manual, the first standardized curriculum to train fistula surgeons. To increase the number of fistula surgeons, the FIGO Fistula Surgery Training Initiative was launched in 2012, and FIGO Fellows started to enter the program to train as fistula surgeons. Following a funding boost in 2014, the initiative has grown considerably. With 52 fellows involved and a new Expert Advisory Group in place, the program is achieving major milestones, with a record-breaking number of fistula repairs performed by FIGO Fellows in 2017, bringing the total number of repairs since the start of the project to more than 6000. © 2018 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics.

Analysis and description of disease-specific quality of life in patients with anal fistula.

Science.gov (United States)

Ferrer-Márquez, Manuel; Espínola-Cortés, Natalia; Reina-Duarte, Ángel; Granero-Molina, José; Fernández-Sola, Cayetano; Hernández-Padilla, José Manuel

2018-04-01

In patients diagnosed with anal fistula, knowing the quality of life specifically related to the disease can help coloproctology specialists to choose the most appropriate therapeutic strategy for each case. The aim of our study is to analyzse and describe the factors related to the specific quality of life in a consecutive series of patients diagnosed with anal fistula. Observational, cross-sectional study carried out from March 2015 to February 2017. All patients were assessed in the colorectal surgery unit of a hospital in southeast of Spain. After performing an initial anamnesis and a physical examination, patients diagnosed with anal fistula completed the Quality of Life in Ppatients with Anal Fistula Questionnaire (QoLAF-Q). This questionnaire specifically measures quality of life in people with anal fistula and its score range is the following: zero impact = 14 points, limited impact = 15 to 28 points, moderate impact = 29 to 42 points, high impact = 43 to 56 points, and very high impact = 57 to 70 points. A total of 80 patients were included. The median score obtained in the questionnaire for the sample studied was 34.00 (range=14-68). Statistically significant differences between patients with "primary anal fistula" (n=65) and "recurrent anal fistula" (n=15) were observed (mean rank=42.96 vs. mean rank=29.83, p=0.048). Furthermore, an inverse proportion (P=.016) between "time with clinical symptoms" and "impact on quality of life" was found (5 years: mean rank = 19.00). There were no statistically significant differences (P=.149) between quality of life amongst patients diagnosed with complex (mean rank = 36.13) and simple fistulae (mean rank = 43.59). Anal fistulae exert moderate-high impact on patients' quality of life. "Shorter time experiencing clinical symptoms" and the "presence of primary fistula" are factors that can be associated with worse quality of life. Copyright © 2018 AEC. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Clinical role of a modified seton technique for the treatment of trans-sphincteric and supra-sphincteric anal fistulas.

Science.gov (United States)

Tokunaga, Yukihiko; Sasaki, Hirokazu; Saito, Tohru

2013-03-01

We have devised a modified seton technique that resects the external fistula tract while preserving the anal sphincter muscle. This study assessed the technique when used for the management of complex anal fistulas. Between January 2006 and December 2007, 239 patients (208 males and 31 females, median age: 41 years) underwent surgery for complex anal fistulas using the technique. Of the 239 patients, 198 patients had trans-sphincteric fistula and 41 patients had supra-sphincteric fistula. The durations of the surgeries were 17 min (47, 13) [median (range, interquartile range)] for trans-sphincteric fistulas and 38 (44, 16) for supra-sphincteric fistulas. The durations of the surgeries were significantly (P trans-sphincteric fistula. The hospital stays were 4 (13, 2) days and 5 (14, 3) days, respectively, for trans- and supra-sphincteric fistulas. The durations of seton placement until the spontaneous dropping of the seton were 42 (121, 48) and 141 (171, 55) days respectively. The recurrence rate was 0 % in patients with trans-sphincteric fistulas and 4.9 % (2 of 41) in patients with supra-sphincteric fistulas (P < 0.01). Serious incontinence was not observed. The technique provided favorable results for the treatment of complex anal fistulas and could be safely applied while preserving the sphincter function and conserving fecal continence.

Lymphogranuloma Venereum Presenting as a Rectovaginal Fistula

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

C. M. Lynch

1999-01-01

Full Text Available Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV is a rare form of the sexually transmitted disease caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. In the United States, there are fewer than 350 cases per year. In a review of the world’s literature, there has not been a case reported in the last thirty years of a case ofLGV presenting as a rectovaginal fistula. We present a case of an otherwise healthy American woman who presented with a rectovaginal fistula. Although uncommon, LGV does occur in developed countries and may have devastating tissue destruction if not recognized and treated before the tertiary stage. Infect. Dis. Obstet. Gynecol. 7:199–201, 1999.

To Bleed or Not to Bleed: That is the Question. The Side Effects of Apixaban.

Science.gov (United States)

Ciccone, Marco Matteo; Zito, Annapaola; Devito, Fiorella; Maiello, Maria; Palmiero, Pasquale

2018-01-01

Apixaban is a new oral anticoagulant (NOACs: Novel Oral Anticoagulant), like dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and edoxaban. All of them are prescribed to patients with non valvular atrial fibrillation or venous thromboembolism, to replace warfarin, because of the lower probability of bleeding, however they can cause bleeding by themselves. Bleeding is an adverse event in patients taking anticoagulants. It is associated with a significant increase of morbidity and risk of death. However, these drugs should be used only for the time when anticoagulation is strictly required, especially when used for preventing deep vein thrombosis. Prolonged use increases the risk of bleeding. In the ARISTOTLE Trial Apixaban, compared with warfarin, was associated with a lower rate of intracranial hemorrhages and less adverse consequences following extracranial hemorrhage. Many physicians still have limited experience with new oral anticoagulants and about bleeding risk managment. We reviewed the available literature on extracranial and intracranial bleeding concerning apixaban. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.

Bleeding into the skin

Science.gov (United States)

... this page: //medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003235.htm Bleeding into the skin To use the sharing features on this page, please enable JavaScript. Bleeding into the skin can occur from broken blood ...

Direct traumatic carotid cavernous fistula: angiographic classification and treatment strategies. Study of 172 cases.

Science.gov (United States)

Chi, Cuong Tran; Nguyen, Dang; Duc, Vo Tan; Chau, Huynh Hong; Son, Vo Tan

2014-01-01

We report our experience in treatment of traumatic direct carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) via endovascular intervention. We hereof recommend an additional classification system for type A CCF and suggest respective treatment strategies. Only type A CCF patients (Barrow's classification) would be recruited for the study. Based on the angiographic characteristics of the CCF, we classified type A CCF into three subtypes including small size, medium size and large size fistula depending on whether there was presence of the anterior carotid artery (ACA) and/or middle carotid artery (MCA). Angiograms with opacification of both ACA and MCA were categorized as small size fistula. Angiograms with opacification of either ACA or MCA were categorized as medium size fistula and those without opacification of neither ACA nor MCA were classified as large size fiatula. After the confirm angiogram, endovascular embolization would be performed impromptu using detachable balloon, coils or both. All cases were followed up for complication and effect after the embolization. A total of 172 direct traumatic CCF patients were enrolled. The small size fistula was accountant for 12.8% (22 cases), medium size 35.5% (61 cases) and large size fistula accountant for 51.7% (89 cases). The successful rate of fistula occlusion under endovascular embolization was 94% with preservation of the carotid artery in 70%. For the treatment of each subtype, a total of 21/22 cases of the small size fistulas were successfully treated using coils alone. The other single case of small fistula was defaulted. Most of the medium and large size fistulas were cured using detachable balloons. When the fistula sealing could not be obtained using detachable balloon, coils were added to affirm the embolization of the cavernous sinus via venous access. There were about 2.9% of patient experienced direct carotid artery puncture and 0.6% puncture after carotid artery cut-down exposure. About 30% of cases experienced

Major bleeding and intracranial hemorrhage risk prediction in patients with atrial fibrillation: Attention to modifiable bleeding risk factors or use of a bleeding risk stratification score? A nationwide cohort study.

Science.gov (United States)

Chao, Tze-Fan; Lip, Gregory Y H; Lin, Yenn-Jiang; Chang, Shih-Lin; Lo, Li-Wei; Hu, Yu-Feng; Tuan, Ta-Chuan; Liao, Jo-Nan; Chung, Fa-Po; Chen, Tzeng-Ji; Chen, Shih-Ann

2018-03-01

While modifiable bleeding risks should be addressed in all patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), use of a bleeding risk score enables clinicians to 'flag up' those at risk of bleeding for more regular patient contact reviews. We compared a risk assessment strategy for major bleeding and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) based on modifiable bleeding risk factors (referred to as a 'MBR factors' score) against established bleeding risk stratification scores (HEMORR 2 HAGES, HAS-BLED, ATRIA, ORBIT). A nationwide cohort study of 40,450 AF patients who received warfarin for stroke prevention was performed. The clinical endpoints included ICH and major bleeding. Bleeding scores were compared using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (areas under the ROC curves [AUCs], or c-index) and the net reclassification index (NRI). During a follow up of 4.60±3.62years, 1581 (3.91%) patients sustained ICH and 6889 (17.03%) patients sustained major bleeding events. All tested bleeding risk scores at baseline were higher in those sustaining major bleeds. When compared to no ICH, patients sustaining ICH had higher baseline HEMORR 2 HAGES (p=0.003), HAS-BLED (pbleeding scores, c-indexes were significantly higher compared to MBR factors (pbleeding. C-indexes for the MBR factors score was significantly lower compared to all other scores (De long test, all pbleeding risk scores for major bleeding (all pbleeding risk scores had modest predictive value for predicting major bleeding but the best predictive value and NRI was found for the HAS-BLED score. Simply depending on modifiable bleeding risk factors had suboptimal predictive value for the prediction of major bleeding in AF patients, when compared to the HAS-BLED score. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

3D high-resolution anorectal manometry in patients with perianal fistulas: comparison with 3D-anal ultrasound.

Science.gov (United States)

Felt-Bersma, Richelle J F; Vlietstra, Maarten S; Vollebregt, Paul F; Han-Geurts, Ingrid J M; Rempe-Sorm, Vera; Vander Mijnsbrugge, Grietje J H; Molenaar, Charlotte B H

2018-04-04

Perianal fistula surgery can damage the anal sphincters which may cause faecal incontinence. By measuring regional pressures, 3D-HRAM potentially provides better guidance for surgical strategy in patients with perianal fistulas. The aim was to measure regional anal pressures with 3D-HRAM and to compare these with 3D-EUS findings in patients with perianal fistulas. Consecutive patients with active perianal fistulas who underwent both 3D-EUS and 3D-HRAM at a clinic specialised in proctology were included. A group of 30 patients without fistulas served as controls. Data regarding demographics, complaints, previous perianal surgical procedures and obstetric history were collected. The mean and regional anal pressures were measured with 3D-HRAM. Fistula tract areas detected with 3D-EUS were analysed with 3D-HRAM by visual coding and the regional pressures of the corresponding and surrounding area of the fistula tract areas were measured. The study was granted by the VUmc Medical Ethical Committee. Forty patients (21 males, mean age 47) were included. Four patients had a primary fistula, 19 were previously treated with a seton/abscess drainage and 17 had a recurrence after previously performed fistula surgery. On 3D-HRAM, 24 (60%) fistula tract areas were good and 8 (20%) moderately visible. All but 7 (18%) patients had normal mean resting pressures. The mean resting pressure of the fistula tract area was significantly lower compared to the surrounding area (47 vs. 76 mmHg; p < 0.0001). Only 2 (5%) patients had a regional mean resting pressure < 10 mmHg of the fistula tract area. Using a Δ mean resting pressure ≥ 30 mmHg difference between fistula tract area and non-fistula tract area as alternative cut-off, 21 (53%) patients were identified. In 6 patients 3D-HRAM was repeated after surgery: a local pressure drop was detected in one patient after fistulotomy with increased complaints of faecal incontinence. Profound local anal pressure drops are found

Heavy Menstrual Bleeding (Menorrhagia)

Science.gov (United States)

... Us Information For… Media Policy Makers Blood Disorders Heavy Menstrual Bleeding Recommend on Facebook Tweet Share Compartir ... It can also be bleeding that is very heavy. How do you know if you have heavy ...

Spontaneous esophageal-pleural fistula

OpenAIRE

Vyas, Sameer; Prakash, Mahesh; Kaman, Lileshwar; Bhardwaj, Nidhi; Khandelwal, Niranjan

2011-01-01

Spontaneous esophageal-pleural fistula (EPF) is a rare entity. We describe a case in a middle-aged female who presented with severe retrosternal chest pain and shortness of breadth. Chest computed tomography showed right EPF and hydropneumothorax. She was managed conservatively keeping the chest tube drainage and performing feeding jejunostomy. A brief review of the imaging finding and management of EPF is discussed.

Spontaneous esophageal-pleural fistula.

Science.gov (United States)

Vyas, Sameer; Prakash, Mahesh; Kaman, Lileshwar; Bhardwaj, Nidhi; Khandelwal, Niranjan

2011-10-01

Spontaneous esophageal-pleural fistula (EPF) is a rare entity. We describe a case in a middle-aged female who presented with severe retrosternal chest pain and shortness of breadth. Chest computed tomography showed right EPF and hydropneumothorax. She was managed conservatively keeping the chest tube drainage and performing feeding jejunostomy. A brief review of the imaging finding and management of EPF is discussed.

Long-term survival from gastrocolic fistula secondary to adenocarcinoma of the transverse colon

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Murali Kothandaraman

2005-02-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Gastrocolic fistula is a rare presentation of both benign and malignant diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Malignant gastrocolic fistula is most commonly associated with adenocarcinoma of the transverse colon in the Western World. Despite radical approaches to treatment, long-term survival is rarely documented. Case presentation We report a case of a 24-year-old woman who presented with the classic triad of symptoms associated with gastrocolic fistula. Radical en-bloc surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy were performed. She is still alive ten years after treatment. Conclusions Gastrocolic fistula is an uncommon presentation of adenocarcinoma of the transverse colon. Radical en-bloc surgery with adjuvant chemotherapy may occasionally produce long-term survival.

Comparing Bleeding Risk Assessment Focused on Modifiable Risk Factors Only Versus Validated Bleeding Risk Scores in Atrial Fibrillation

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Guo, Yutao; Zhu, Hang; Chen, Yundai

2018-01-01

BACKGROUNDThere is uncertainty whether a focus on modifiable bleeding risk factors offers better prediction of major bleeding than other existing bleeding risk scores.METHODSThis study compared a score based on numbers of the modifiable bleeding risk factors recommended in the 2016 European...... guidelines ("European risk score") versus other published bleeding risk scores that have been derived and validated in atrial fibrillation subjects (HEMORR2HAGES, HAS-BLED, ATRIA, and ORBIT) in a large hospital-based cohort of Chinese inpatients with atrial fibrillation.RESULTSThe European score had modest...... predictive ability for major bleeding (c-index 0.63, 95% confidence interval 0.56-0.69) and intracranial hemorrhage (0.72, 0.65-0.79) but nonsignificantly (and poorly) predicted extracranial bleeding (0.55, 0.54-0.56; P = .361). The HAS-BLED score was superior to predict bleeding events compared...

Ileocolic Arteriovenous Fistula with Superior Mesenteric Vein Aneurism: Endovascular Treatment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gregorio, Miguel Angel de; Gimeno, Maria Jose; Medrano, Joaquin; Schoenholz, Caudio; Rodriguez, Juan; D'Agostino, Horacio

2004-01-01

We report a case of a venous aneurysm secondary to an acquired ileocolic arteriovenous fistula in a 64-year-old woman with recurrent abdominal pain and history of appendectomy. The aneurysm was diagnosed by ultrasound and computed tomography. Angiography showed an arteriovenous fistula between ileocolic branches of the superior mesenteric artery and vein. This vascular abnormality was successfully treated with coil embolization

The use of 111In-labelled platelets for scintigraphic localization of gastrointestinal bleeding with special reference to occult bleeding

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gjerloeff Schmidt, K.; Waever Rasmussen, J.; Grove, O.; Andersen, D.

1986-01-01

Gamma-camera imaging of the abdomen after injection of autologous 111 In-labelled platelets was applied for localization of gastrointestinal bleeding in a study of 22 patients. In 15 studies showing scintigraphic signs of bleeding, the clinical presentation included occult bleeding in 6, melaena in 4, and bloody stools in 5 patients. Scintigraphy could be done repeatedly for up to 1 week after a single tracer injection. The time interval between the injection and scintigraphic visualization of bleeding ranged from 10 min to 68 h, being longest in cases of occult bleeding. In most cases the scintigraphic findings were supported by other diagnostic modalities, including surgical removal of presumed sources of bleeding. In seven studies without scintigraphic signs of bleeding, a probable source of bleeding was identified by other means in one patient. The 111 In-platelet method seems to be a promising method for localization of gastrointestinal bleeding which may prove particularly useful in cases of occult or recurrent bleeding

Vaginal bleeding between periods

Science.gov (United States)

... this page: //medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003156.htm Vaginal bleeding between periods To use the sharing features ... this page, please enable JavaScript. This article discusses vaginal bleeding that occurs between a woman's monthly menstrual ...

The York-Mason technique for recto-urethral fistulas Correção de fistula reto-uretral pela técnica de York-Mason

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexandre Crippa

2007-01-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: Recto-urethral fistula formation following radical prostatectomy is an uncommon but potentially devastating event. There is no consensus in the literature regarding the treatment of these fistulas. We present here our experiences treating recto-urethral fistulas. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analyzed 8 cases of rectourethral fistula treated at our institution in the last seven years. Seven of the patients underwent repair of the fistula using the modified York-Mason procedure. RESULTS: The causes of the fistula were radical retropubic prostatectomy in five patients, perineal debridement of Fournier's gangrene in one, transvesical prostatectomy in one and transurethral resection of the prostate in the other patient. The most common clinical manifestation was fecaluria, present in 87.5% of the cases. The mean time elapsed between diagnosis and correction of the fistula was 29.6 (7-63 months. One spontaneous closure occurred after five months of delayed catheterization. Urinary and retrograde urethrocystography indicated the site of the fistula in 71.4% of the cases. No patient presented recurrence of the fistula after its correction with the modified York-Mason procedure. CONCLUSION: The performance of routine colostomy and cystostomy is unnecessary. The technique described by York-Mason permits easy access, reduces surgical and hospitalization times and presents low complication and morbidity rates when surgically correcting recto-urethral fistulas.OBJETIVO: As fístulas reto-uretrais são de acesso difícil e por vezes complexo, sendo seu fechamento espontâneo raro. Com o diagnóstico precoce e aumento do número de intervenções, principalmente a cirurgia por adenocarcinoma da próstata localizado, sua incidência apesar de rara vem crescendo. Nós demonstramos a nossa experiência dos casos de fístulas reto-uretrais entre 2000 a 2006 com uma serie de oito pacientes, sendo que sete realizaram correção da fístula pela Técnica de

Clinical value of endoluminal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of rectovaginal fistula

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yin, Hao-Qiang; Wang, Chen; Peng, Xin; Xu, Fang; Ren, Ya-Juan; Chao, Yong-Qing; Lu, Jin-Gen; Wang, Song; Xiao, Hu-Sheng

2016-01-01

Rectovaginal fistula (RVF) refers to a pathological passage between the rectum and vagina, which is a public health challenge. This study was aimed to explore the clinical value of endoluminal biplane ultrasonography in the diagnosis of rectovaginal fistula (RVF). Thirty inpatients and outpatients with suspected RVF from January 2006 to June 2013 were included in the study, among whom 28 underwent surgical repair. All 28 patients underwent preoperative endoluminal ultrasonography, and the obtained diagnostic results were compared with the corresponding surgical results. All of the internal openings located at the anal canal and rectum of the 28 patients and confirmed during surgery were revealed by preoperative endosonography, which showed a positive predictive value of 100 %. Regarding the 30 internal openings located in the vagina during surgery, the positive predictive value of preoperative endosonography was 93 %. The six cases of simple fistulas confirmed during surgery were revealed by endosonography; for the 22 cases of complex fistula confirmed during surgery, the positive predictive value of endosonography was 90 %. Surgery confirmed 14 cases of anal fistula and 14 cases of RVF, whereas preoperative endoluminal ultrasonography suggested 16 cases of anal fistula and 12 cases of RVF, resulting in positive predictive values of 92.3 and 93 %, respectively. The use of endoluminal biplane ultrasonography in the diagnosis of RVF can accurately determine the internal openings in the rectum or vagina and can relatively accurately identify concomitant branches and abscesses located in the rectovaginal septum. Thus, it is a good imaging tool for examining internal and external anal sphincter injuries and provides useful information for preoperative preparation and postoperative evaluation

Effect of BioGlue on the incidence of pancreatic fistula following pancreas resection.

Science.gov (United States)

Fisher, William E; Chai, Christy; Hodges, Sally E; Wu, Meng-Fen; Hilsenbeck, Susan G; Brunicardi, F Charles

2008-05-01

Despite numerous modifications of surgical technique, pancreatic fistula remains a serious problem and occurs in about 10% of patients following pancreas resection. BioGlue is a new sealant that creates a flexible mechanical seal within minutes independent of the body's clotting mechanism. Application of BioGlue sealant will reduce the incidence of pancreatic fistula following pancreas resection. A retrospective cohort study was performed with 64 patients undergoing pancreas resection. BioGlue sealant was applied to the pancreatic anastomosis (Whipple) or resection margin (distal pancreatectomy) in 32 cases. Factors that could affect the rate of postoperative pancreatic fistula were recorded. Pancreatic fistula was defined as greater than 50 ml of drain output with an amylase content greater than three times normal serum value after postoperative day 10. To improve the sensitivity of our study, we also examined pancreatic fistula with a strict definition of any drain output on or after postoperative day 3 with a high amylase content and graded the fistulas in terms of clinical severity. Grade A leaks were defined as subclinical. Grade B leaks required some response such as making the patient nil per os, parenteral nutrition, octreotide, antibiotics, or a prolonged hospital stay. Grade C leaks were defined as serious and life threatening. They were associated with hemorrhage, sepsis, resulted in deterioration of other organ systems, and mandated intensive care. Comparisons between the two groups were made using the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables and by the Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous variables. P values of 0.05 or less were deemed statistically significant. There were no differences between the patients who received BioGlue and the control cohort in terms of comorbid conditions, tumor location, texture of the pancreas, size of the pancreatic duct, or surgical technique. By the common definition, pancreatic fistula occurred

Management of gastro-bronchial fistula complicating a subtotal esophagectomy: a case report.

LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

Martin-Smith, James D

2009-01-01

BACKGROUND: The development of a fistula between the tracheobronchial tree and the gastric conduit post esophagectomy is a rare and often fatal complication. CASE PRESENTATION: A 68 year old man underwent radical esophagectomy for esophageal adenocarcinoma. On postoperative day 14 the nasogastric drainage bag dramatically filled with air, without deterioration in respiratory function or progressive sepsis. A fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed which demonstrated a gastro-bronchial fistula in the posterior aspect of the left main bronchus. He was managed conservatively with antibiotics, enteral nutrition via jejunostomy, and non-invasive respiratory support. A follow- up bronchoscopy 60 days after the diagnostic bronchoscopy, confirmed spontaneous closure of the fistula CONCLUSIONS: This is the first such case where a conservative approach with no surgery or endoprosthesis resulted in a successful outcome, with fistula closure confirmed at subsequent bronchoscopy. Our experience would suggest that in very carefully selected cases where bronchopulmonary contamination from the fistula is minimal or absent, there is no associated inflammation of the tracheobronchial tree and the patient is stable from a respiratory point of view without evidence of sepsis, there may be a role for a trial of conservative management.

Management of gastro-bronchial fistula complicating a subtotal esophagectomy: a case report

LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

Martin-Smith, James D

2009-12-24

Abstract Background The development of a fistula between the tracheobronchial tree and the gastric conduit post esophagectomy is a rare and often fatal complication. Case presentation A 68 year old man underwent radical esophagectomy for esophageal adenocarcinoma. On postoperative day 14 the nasogastric drainage bag dramatically filled with air, without deterioration in respiratory function or progressive sepsis. A fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed which demonstrated a gastro-bronchial fistula in the posterior aspect of the left main bronchus. He was managed conservatively with antibiotics, enteral nutrition via jejunostomy, and non-invasive respiratory support. A follow- up bronchoscopy 60 days after the diagnostic bronchoscopy, confirmed spontaneous closure of the fistula Conclusions This is the first such case where a conservative approach with no surgery or endoprosthesis resulted in a successful outcome, with fistula closure confirmed at subsequent bronchoscopy. Our experience would suggest that in very carefully selected cases where bronchopulmonary contamination from the fistula is minimal or absent, there is no associated inflammation of the tracheobronchial tree and the patient is stable from a respiratory point of view without evidence of sepsis, there may be a role for a trial of conservative management.

Value of Adjusted Blood Requirement Index in determining failure to control bleed in patients with variceal bleeding.

Science.gov (United States)

Abid, Shahab; Khalid, Abdullah B; Awan, Safia; Shah, Hasnain A; Hamid, Saeed; Jafri, Wasim

2015-03-01

Variceal bleeding is a serious complication in patients with cirrhosis. Among the criteria that were proposed in Baveno conferences, the Adjusted Blood Requirement Index (ABRI) has not been validated prospectively in clinical practice. We therefore aim to evaluate the measurement of ABRI as a marker of failure to control bleeding and to evaluate the consistency of ABRI in relation to other criteria of failure to control variceal bleeding. All patients with variceal bleeding who presented to Aga Khan University Hospital from January 2010 to December 2012 who were administered transfusion of packed red blood cells were included after obtaining informed consent. All patients were managed as per the standard protocol with intravenous terlipressin along with band ligation and injection of cyanoacrylate in cases of esophageal and fundal varices, respectively. Hemoglobin and hematocrit were measured every 6 h for 48 h and then every 12 h until 5 days of index bleed in each patient. Packed cells were transfused if hemoglobin decreased below 8 g/dl. The number of blood units transfused, change in hemoglobin values, and ABRI were calculated after each unit of blood transfusion till 120 h. In patients in whom bleed could not be controlled, an ABRI value of 0.75 or more was compared with other Baveno IV-based parameters that define failure to control variceal bleeding. During the study period, 137 eligible patients with variceal bleed were admitted. The mean age of the patients was 52±12 years. The majority of patients (50.4%) were in Child-Pugh class B, followed by 38% in Child-Pugh class C. According to the Baveno IV criteria, overall failure to control acute variceal bleeding occurred in 52 (37.9%) patients. Excluding ABRI, failure to control bleeding was found in 22/137 (16%) patients, whereas ABRI-based criteria showed that in 34/137 (24.8%) patients, bleeding could not be controlled. There were only four (2.9%) patients with variceal bleeding in whom ABRI and

A Rare Complication of Composite Dual Mesh: Migration and Enterocutaneous Fistula Formation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ozgur Bostanci

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Introduction. Mesh is commonly employed for abdominal hernia repair because it ensures a low recurrence rate. However, enterocutaneous fistula due to mesh migration can occur as a very rare, late complication, for which diagnosis is very difficult. Presentation of Case. Here we report the case of an enterocutaneous fistula due to late mesh migration in a mentally retarded, diabetic, 35-year-old male after umbilical hernia repair with composite dual mesh in 2010. Discussion. Mesh is a foreign substance, because of that some of the complications including hematoma, seroma, foreign body reaction, organ damage, infection, mesh rejection, and fistula formation may occur after implantation of the mesh. In the literature, most cases of mesh-associated enterocutaneous fistula due to migration involved polypropylene meshes. Conclusion. This case serves as a reminder of migration of composite dual meshes.

Abnormal Uterine Bleeding FAQ

Science.gov (United States)

... acid —This medication treats heavy menstrual bleeding. • Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs—These drugs, which include ibuprofen, may help control heavy bleeding and relieve menstrual cramps. • Antibiotics—If you have an infection, you may be ...

[Resection of the recurrent third branchial fistula under gastroscope with assistance of yellow zebra guidewire].

Science.gov (United States)

Feng, X; Huang, Z C; Tao, F; Ou, X L

2016-02-01

To investigate clinical aspects and a new operative method for resecting third branchial fistula. The clinical aspects of 4 patients with third branchial fistula were retrospectively analyzed. It is difficult to locate the inner orifice of fistula through neck path due to tiny diameter of inner orifice. The inner orifice could be found and closed effectively by inserting yellow zebra guidewire from sinus piriformis with gastroscope. The mucous membrane of sinus piriformis could not be damaged due to the soft pointed end of yellow zebra guidewire. 4 cases were treated successfully without pharyngeal fistula or recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. No recurrent infections were found in all cases with follows-up of 6-66 months. Ineffectiveness of radiography with meglumine diatrizoate or oral administration of methylene blue before operation indicates tiny fistula. In this case, resection of third branchial fistula with the assistance of gastroscope and yellow zebra guidewire under general anesthesia can be performed. This innovative method of diagnosis and treatment is worth of application clinically.

"Hoping for a normal life again": reintegration after fistula repair in rural Tanzania.

Science.gov (United States)

Teddy Mselle, Lilian; Evjen-Olsen, Bjørg; Marie Moland, Karen; Mvungi, Abu; Wankuru Kohi, Thecla

2012-10-01

To explore women's expectations, worries, and hopes related to returning to their family and community after fistula repair. We used a concurrent mixed methods design with a hospital survey and qualitative interviews. One hundred fifty-one women completed a questionnaire, eight were interviewed in hospital after fistula repair, and one woman was followed up at home for six months during the reintegration phase. Women were concerned about where they could live and about not being accepted by their husbands and in-laws. While 51% feared that their husbands would not accept them despite full recovery, 53% said their parents would accept them. In the qualitative study women wished to live with their parents, whereas almost one half (49.7%) of the women in the quantitative study, who had lived with fistula for a shorter time, wished to live with their husbands. All women hoped to have children in the future, although many women, especially those with no children, were worried about whether they could bear children in the future. Despite fears related to economic survival and social acceptance, women were optimistic about regaining a normal social life. Women's expectations of going home after fistula repair are linked to their history of living with obstetric fistula. For women who have lived with a fistula for many years, reintegration involves re-establishing an identity that is clean and respected. To facilitate this transition, fistula repair needs to be accompanied by psychological and social rehabilitation and assistance in returning to reproductive capabilities.

How I do it: surgical ligation of craniocervical junction dural AV fistulas.

Science.gov (United States)

Sorenson, Thomas J; La Pira, Biagia; Hughes, Joshua; Lanzino, Giuseppe

2017-08-01

Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) of the craniocervical junction are uncommon vascular lesions, which often require surgical treatment even in the endovascular era. Most commonly, the fistula is placed laterally, and surgical ligation is performed through a lateral suboccipital craniotomy. After dural opening, the area is inspected, and the arterialized vein is identified emerging from the dura, often adjacent to the entry point of the vertebral artery, and ligated. A far lateral craniotomy is the authors' preferred surgical approach for accessing and treating dural arteriovenous fistulas of the craniocervical junction that cannot be reached endovascularly.

Recurrent neck infection with branchial arch fistula in children.

Science.gov (United States)

Madana, J; Yolmo, Deeke; Kalaiarasi, R; Gopalakrishnan, S; Saxena, S K; Krishnapriya, S

2011-09-01

Acute suppurative neck infections associated with third or fourth branchial arch fistulas are frequently recurrent. Third and fourth branchial arch anomalies are much less common than those of second arch and usually present with left thyroid lobe inflammation. The authors present their experience with 15 cases of pyriform sinus fistulae (PSF) of third branchial arch origin and 3 cases of fourth arch origin, all of which presented as recurrent neck infection mainly on the left side. A retrospective review of 18 cases of third and fourth arch fistulae treated at JIPMER from 2005 to 2010. This study includes 18 patients with PSF diagnosed by the existence of fistulous tract radiologically and intraoperatively with pathological correlation. Neck exploration with excision of tract and left hemithyroidectomy was performed in all cases. The patients consisted of 7 males and 11 females, and the ages ranged from 3 to 15 years. All of them presented with recurrent episodes of neck infection. Investigations performed include computed tomography (CT) fistulography, barium swallow and ultrasound which were useful in delineating pyriform sinus fistulous tract preoperatively. All cases were on the left side and the fistula was identified by barium swallow in 14 cases (80%), while intraoperative and pathologic confirmation of the tract was possible in all cases (100%). Neck exploration with an emphasis on complete exposure of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and exposure of the pyriform sinus opening to facilitate complete fistulous tract excision with left hemithyroidectomy was successful in all patients. A follow up period of 1-3 years showed no recurrence. Recurrent neck infection in a child should alert the physician to the possibility of an underlying pyriform sinus fistula of branchial origin and CT fistulography should be performed after the resolution of the neck infection to delineate the tract anatomically. Crown Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All

Automated registration of tail bleeding in rats.

Science.gov (United States)

Johansen, Peter B; Henriksen, Lars; Andresen, Per R; Lauritzen, Brian; Jensen, Kåre L; Juhl, Trine N; Tranholm, Mikael

2008-05-01

An automated system for registration of tail bleeding in rats using a camera and a user-designed PC-based software program has been developed. The live and processed images are displayed on the screen and are exported together with a text file for later statistical processing of the data allowing calculation of e.g. number of bleeding episodes, bleeding times and bleeding areas. Proof-of-principle was achieved when the camera captured the blood stream after infusion of rat whole blood into saline. Suitability was assessed by recording of bleeding profiles in heparin-treated rats, demonstrating that the system was able to capture on/off bleedings and that the data transfer and analysis were conducted successfully. Then, bleeding profiles were visually recorded by two independent observers simultaneously with the automated recordings after tail transection in untreated rats. Linear relationships were found in the number of bleedings, demonstrating, however, a statistically significant difference in the recording of bleeding episodes between observers. Also, the bleeding time was longer for visual compared to automated recording. No correlation was found between blood loss and bleeding time in untreated rats, but in heparinized rats a correlation was suggested. Finally, the blood loss correlated with the automated recording of bleeding area. In conclusion, the automated system has proven suitable for replacing visual recordings of tail bleedings in rats. Inter-observer differences can be eliminated, monotonous repetitive work avoided, and a higher through-put of animals in less time achieved. The automated system will lead to an increased understanding of the nature of bleeding following tail transection in different rodent models.

Management of acute gastric varices bleeding

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chen-Jung Chang

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Gastroesophageal varices bleeding is a major complication in patients with cirrhosis. Gastric varices (GVs occur in approximately 20% of patients with portal hypertension. However, GV bleeding develops in only 25% of patients with GV and requires more transfusion and has higher mortality than esophageal variceal (EV bleeding. The best strategy for managing acute GV bleeding is similar to that of acute EV bleeding, which involves airway protection, hemodynamic stabilization, and intensive care. Blood transfusion should be cautiously administered in order to avoid rebleeding. Vasoactive agents such as terlipressin or somatostatin should be used when GV bleeding is suspected. Routine use of prophylactic antibiotics reduces bacterial infection and lowers rebleeding rates. By administering endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection, the initial hemostasis rate achieved is at least 90% in most cases; the average mortality rate of GV bleeding is approximately 10–30% and the rebleeding rate is between 22% and 37%. Although endoscopic injection of cyanoacrylate is superior to sclerotherapy and band ligation, and has remained the treatment of choice for treating acute GV bleeding, the outcome of this treatment is still unsatisfactory. New treatment options, such as thrombin injection, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts, or balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration, have shown promising results for acute GV bleeding. However, randomized controlled trials are needed to compare the efficacy of these therapies with cyanoacrylate.

A "rendezvous technique" for treating a pancreatic fistula after distal pancreatectomy.

Science.gov (United States)

Imai, Daisuke; Yamashita, Yo-ichi; Ikegami, Toru; Toshima, Takeo; Harimoto, Norifumi; Yoshizumi, Tomoharu; Soejima, Yuji; Shirabe, Ken; Ikeda, Tetsuo; Maehara, Yoshihiko

2015-01-01

Pancreatic fistulae are a major complication of distal pancreatectomy (DP). Some cases of severe pancreatic fistula require invasive procedures. There have been some reports concerning the effectiveness of pancreatic duct drainage through an endoscopic transpapillary approach for pancreatic fistulae. We herein present a case of a pancreatic fistula after DP that was successfully treated with percutaneous pancreatic duct drainage, which was performed using a combined percutaneous and endoscopic approach, named the "rendezvous technique". In our case, we performed distal pancreatectomy with celiac artery resection for a locally advanced pancreatic body cancer. On postoperative day (POD) 7, the drain amylase level increased up to 37,460 IU/l. Computed tomography (CT) revealed peripancreatic fluid collections. On POD 10, we placed a catheter in the main pancreatic duct using the rendezvous technique. CT on POD 14 revealed a decrease in the size of the peripancreatic fluid collection, and contrast imaging from the drains on POD 22 revealed almost complete disappearance of the fluid collection. We withdrew the pigtail catheter on POD 27 and the percutaneous pancreatic duct drain on POD 36. This patient was discharged from our hospital on POD 40. We herein report a new approach called the "rendezvous technique" for the management of pancreatic fistulae after DP that can be used instead of a stressful nasopancreatic tube.

[Scrotal fistulas revealing mucinous adenocarcinoma of the scrotum: about a case].

Science.gov (United States)

El Alaoui, Abdelilah; El Boté, Hicham; Ziouani, Oussama; Dembele, Oussman; El Sayegh, Hachem; Iken, Ali; Benslimane, Lounis; Nouini, Yassine

2017-01-01

Scrotales fistulas are rare and often represent secondary lesions of tuberculosis. Mucinous adenocarcinomas are tumors containing at least 50% of extracellular mucus. They occur most commonly in the rectosigmoid; scrotal location is rare. We report the case of a 54-year old patient, with no particular past medical history, with secondary mucinous adenocarcinoma of the scrotum revealed by scrotal fistulas. The patient had suffered from recurrent scrotal fistulas for two years, with no other associated signs. Clinical examination showed multiple scrotal fistulas with discharge of thick pus. Rectal examination was normal. Urological examinations (IVU, UCRM, cystoscopy, …) were normal, the assessment of infectious diseases as well as the detection of BK virus in urine and sputum were negative. Biopsy of sample of scrotal tissue was in favor of moderately differentiated mucinous adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemical examination was in favor of primary colorectal cancer. Patient's evolution was marked by the occurrence of complex anal fistulas, which appeared on MRI as active, supplying several pelvic peritoneal collections resulting in fleshy buds. There is no consensus on the therapeutic approach due to the rarity of this cancer. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice for this disease. Preoperative chemotherapy and radiation therapy are recommended for this type of cancer, but their role is not well established. The patient underwent primary neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy, before abdominoperineal excision.

Provocative Endoscopy to Identify Bleeding Site in Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Novel Approach in Transarterial Embolization.

Science.gov (United States)

Kamo, Minobu; Fuwa, Sokun; Fukuda, Katsuyuki; Fujita, Yoshiyuki; Kurihara, Yasuyuki

2016-07-01

This report describes a novel approach to endoscopically induce bleeding by removing a clot from the bleeding site during angiography for upper gastrointestinal (UGI) hemorrhage. This procedure enabled accurate identification of the bleeding site, allowing for successful targeted embolization despite a negative initial angiogram. Provocative endoscopy may be a feasible and useful option for angiography of obscure bleeding sites in patients with UGI arterial hemorrhage. Copyright © 2016 SIR. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Severe Bleeding: First Aid

Science.gov (United States)

... 12, 2017. Jevon P, et al. Part 5 — First-aid treatment for severe bleeding. Nursing Times. 2008;104:26. Oct. 19, 2017 Original article: http://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-severe-bleeding/basics/ART-20056661 . Mayo ...

Recurrent Bleeding After Perimesencephalic Hemorrhage.

Science.gov (United States)

Kauw, Frans; Velthuis, Birgitta K; Kizilates, Ufuk; van der Schaaf, Irene C; Rinkel, Gabriel J E; Vergouwen, Mervyn D I

2017-12-01

Perimesencephalic hemorrhage (PMH) is a type of subarachnoid hemorrhage with excellent long-term outcomes. Only 1 well-documented case of in-hospital rebleeding after PMH is described in the literature, which occurred after initiating antithrombotic treatment because of myocardial ischemia. We describe a patient with PMH without antithrombotic treatment who had 2 episodes of recurrent bleeding on the day of ictus. To validate the radiologic findings, we conducted a case-control study. Six neuroradiologists and 2 neuroradiology fellows performed a blinded assessment of serial unenhanced head computed tomography (CT) scans of 8 patients with a perimesencephalic bleeding pattern (1 index patient, 6 patients with PMH, 1 patient with perimesencephalic bleeding pattern and basilar artery aneurysm) to investigate a potential increase in amount of subarachnoid blood. A 56-year-old woman with a perimesencephalic bleeding pattern and negative CT angiography had 2 episodes after the onset headache with a sudden increase of the headache. Blinded assessment of serial head CT scans of 8 patients with a perimesencephalic bleeding pattern identified the patient who was clinically suspected to have 2 episodes of recurrent bleeding to have an increased amount of subarachnoid blood on 2 subsequent CT scans. Recurrent bleeding after PMH may also occur in patients not treated with antithrombotics. Even after early rebleeding, the prognosis of PMH is excellent. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Embolization of AV intra-hepatic fistulas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mallarini, G; Saitta, S; Cariati, M; Nicorelli, M; de Caro, G

1982-05-01

The use of therapeutic embolization in a case of hepatic AV fistula with portal flow inversion and portal hypertension is described. Indications, technique and an illustrative case followed up for one year after the intervention are presented.

Congenital Palatal Fistula Associated with Submucous Cleft Palate

Science.gov (United States)

Eshete, Mekonen; Camison, Liliana; Abate, Fikre; Hailu, Taye; Demissie, Yohannes; Mohammed, Ibrahim; Butali, Azeez; Losken, H. Wolfgang

2016-01-01

Background: Although cleft lip and cleft palate are among the most common congenital malformations, the presence of an isolated congenital palatal fistula along with a submucous cleft is very rare. This appears as an oval-shaped, full-thickness fenestration in the palatal midline that does not fully extend anteriorly or posteriorly, accompanied by the findings of a submucous cleft. Because of the uncommon nature of this entity, there is controversy about its etiology, diagnosis, and management. Methods: Two cases of children with congenital palatal fistulae and a submucous cleft palate are presented who were treated in different settings by different surgeons. Cases are discussed along with a thorough review of the available literature. Results: Patient 1 presented at 4 years of age with “a hole in the palate” since birth and abnormal speech. His palatal fistula and submucous cleft were repaired with a modified von Langenbeck technique in Ethiopia. At a 2-year follow-up, the palate remained closed, but hypernasal speech persisted. Patient 2 was a 1-year-old presenting with failure to thrive and nasal regurgitation, who underwent a Furlow palatoplasty in the United States with good immediate results. She was unfortunately lost to follow-up. Conclusions: A congenital fenestration of the palate is rare. Reports reveal suboptimal speech at follow-up, despite various types of repair, especially when combined with a submucous cleft. Available literature suggests that repair should not focus on fistula closure only but instead on providing adequate palate length to provide good velopharyngeal function, as in any cleft palate repair. PMID:27014542

Spontaneous esophageal-pleural fistula

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sameer Vyas

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Spontaneous esophageal-pleural fistula (EPF is a rare entity. We describe a case in a middle-aged female who presented with severe retrosternal chest pain and shortness of breadth. Chest computed tomography showed right EPF and hydropneumothorax. She was managed conservatively keeping the chest tube drainage and performing feeding jejunostomy. A brief review of the imaging finding and management of EPF is discussed.

The diagnostic concordance of endoanal ultrasonography and endoanal MRI in cases of anorectal fistula

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Wan Tae; Yoo, Weon Young; Moon, Hee Jung; Shin, Hyun Ja; Joo, Jae Sik

2000-01-01

To evaluate the preoperative diagnostic concordance of morphologic classification of anorectal fistula by endoanal ultrasonography (EUSG) and endoanal magnetic resonance imaging (EMRI). Between January 1998 and March 1999, 17 patients with anorectal fistula underwent endoanal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging for preoperative assessment. The types of fistula and abscess formation were evaluated, and the findings compared with those obtained during surgery. The overall accordance of anorectal fistula was 76% (13 of 17 cases) on ultrasonography and 94% (16 of 17 cases) on magnetic resonance imaging. According to the findings of EUSG, the accordance of each type of anorectal fistula was as follows: transphineteric, 92% (11 of 12 cases); suprasphinteric, 33% (1 of 3); and extrasphincteric, 50% (1 of 2), while for EMRI, the respective figures were 100% (12 of 12 cases), 67% (2 of 3), and 100% (2 of 2). An analysis of reproducibility using kappa value showed that overall concordance between endoanal ultrasonography and surgery (κ=0.820) as well as between endoanal MRI and surgery (κ=0.866), was very close. For the evaluation of anorectal fistula, preoperative endoanal magnetic resonance imaging was more accurate and informative than endoanal ultrasonography

Comparison of detectable bleeding rates of radiopharmaceuticals for localization of gastrointestinal bleeding in sheep using a closed system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Owunwanne, A.; Sadek, S.; Yacoub, T.; Awdeh, M.; Abdel-Dayem, H.M.; Al-Wafai, I.; Vallgren, S.

1989-01-01

The closed experimental animal model system was used to compare the detectable gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding rates of 99m Tc-DTPA, 99m Tc-RBCs and 99m Tc tin colloid in sheep. The three radiopharmaceuticals were used to detect the upper GI bleeding sites at rates of 0.57 and 0.25 ml/min. At the lower bleeding rate of 0.1 ml/min, both 99m Tc-DTPA and 99m Tc-RBCs were successful in detecting the bleeding site. At the lowest rate of 0.07 ml/min only 99m Tc-DTPA was successful in detecting the bleeding site. The results indicate that 99m Tc-DTPA is the most useful 99m Tc radiopharmaceutical for detecting the upper GI bleeding site at the slowest bleeding rate studied. (orig.) [de

Community awareness about risk factors, presentation and prevention and obstetric fistula in Nabitovu village, Iganga district, Uganda.

Science.gov (United States)

Kasamba, Nassar; Kaye, Dan K; Mbalinda, Scovia N

2013-12-10

Obstetric fistula is a worldwide problem that is devastating for women in developing countries. The cardinal cause of obstetric fistula is prolonged obstructed labour and delay in seeking emergency obstetric care. Awareness about obstetric fistula is still low in developing countries. The objective was to assess the awareness about risk factors of obstetric fistulae in rural communities of Nabitovu village, Iganga district, Eastern Uganda. A qualitative study using focus group discussion for males and females aged 18-49 years, to explore and gain deeper understanding of their awareness of existence, causes, clinical presentation and preventive measures for obstetric fistula. Data was analyzed by thematic analysis. The majority of the women and a few men were aware about obstetric fistula, though many had misconceptions regarding its causes, clinical presentation and prevention. Some wrongly attributed fistula to misuse of family planning, having sex during the menstruation period, curses by relatives, sexually transmitted infections, rape and gender-based violence. However, others attributed the fistula to delays to access medical care, induced abortions, conception at an early age, utilization of traditional birth attendants at delivery, and some complications that could occur during surgical operations for difficult deliveries. Most of the community members interviewed were aware of the risk factors of obstetric fistula. Some respondents, predominantly men, had misconceptions/myths about risk factors of obstetric fistula as being caused by having sex during menstrual periods, poor usage of family planning, being a curse.

[Antithrombotic therapy and nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding].

Science.gov (United States)

Belanová, Veronika; Gřiva, Martin

2015-12-01

The incidence of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding is about 85-108/100,000 inhabitants per year, nonvariceal bleeding accounts for 80-90%. Antiplatelet and anticoagulation treatment are the significant risk factors for upper gastrointestinal bleeding. To evaluate the occurrence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in the general community of patients in a county hospital. And to compare the role played by antiplatelet and anticoagulation drugs and other risk medication. Retrospective analysis of patients over 18 years of age who underwent endoscopy for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding or anaemia (haemoglobinupper gastrointestinal tract during a hospital stay in 2013 (from January to June). We included 111 patients of average age 69±15 years, men 60%. Nonvariceal bleeding accounted for 90% of the cases. None of the patients with variceal bleeding (10% of patients) took antiplatelet or anticoagulation therapy. There were 100 patients with nonvariceal bleeding of average age 70±15, 61% men. With the symptoms of acute bleeding (hematemesis, melena) presented in 73% of patients. The most frequent cause of bleeding was gastric and duodenal ulcer (54%). 32% of patients with nonvariceal bleeding had antiplatelets, 19% anticoagulants and 10% used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or corticosteroids. 30-days mortality of patients with nonvariceal bleeding was 11%, annual mortality was 23%. There was no significant difference in mortality, blood transfusion requirements or surgical intervention between the patients with antithrombotic agents and without them. 25% of patients (8 patients) using acetylsalicylic acid did not fulfil the indication for this treatment. Among the patients examined by endoscopy for symptomatic nonvariceal bleeding and/or anaemia (haemoglobingastrointestinal bleeding. With regard to that, it is alarming, that there still exists a nonnegligible percentage of patients taking acetylsalicylic acid even

Embolization of carotid-cavernous fistula using a silicone balloon and a tracker-catheter system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Sun Yong; Cho, Kil Ho; Park, Bok Hwan

1992-01-01

With the recent introduction and development of the detachable balloon system, it has become the treatment of choice in the management of carotid cavernous fistulas(CCFs). But, since most delivery systems for embolization of CCF mainly depend on flow guidance for balloon delivery, in case of small fistula, pseudo aneurysm and arterialized venous collaterals, failure of balloon embolization can occur. To overcome these limitation, the authors designed and used a new versatile, steerable, and flow-guided detachable balloon system by using a Tracker catheter system with silicone or latex balloons. Using this maneuver, we could get successful fistula occlusion in 7 out of 8 patients (silicone balloon). But in one case, we had to occlude the internal carotid artery at the fistula site, proximal and distal cervical portions of the internal carotid artery. This balloon delivery system proved to provide high selectivity for fistula and relatively ease of handing

Prospective analysis of delayed colorectal post-polypectomy bleeding.

Science.gov (United States)

Park, Soo-Kyung; Seo, Jeong Yeon; Lee, Min-Gu; Yang, Hyo-Joon; Jung, Yoon Suk; Choi, Kyu Yong; Kim, Hungdai; Kim, Hyung Ook; Jung, Kyung Uk; Chun, Ho-Kyung; Park, Dong Il

2018-01-17

Although post-polypectomy bleeding is the most frequent complication after colonoscopic polypectomy, only few studies have investigated the incidence of bleeding prospectively. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of delayed post-polypectomy bleeding and its associated risk factors prospectively. Patients who underwent colonoscopic polypectomy at Kangbuk Samsung Hospital from January 2013 to December 2014 were prospectively enrolled in this study. Trained nurses contacted patients via telephone 7 and 30 days after polypectomy and completed a standardized questionnaire regarding the development of bleeding. Delayed post-polypectomy bleeding was categorized as minor or major and early or late bleeding. Major delayed bleeding was defined as a > 2-g/dL drop in the hemoglobin level, requiring hospitalization for control of bleeding or blood transfusion; late delayed bleeding was defined as bleeding occurring later than 24 h after polypectomy. A total of 8175 colonoscopic polypectomies were performed in 3887 patients. Overall, 133 (3.4%) patients developed delayed post-polypectomy bleeding. Among them, 90 (2.3%) and 43 (1.1%) patients developed minor and major delayed bleeding, respectively, and 39 (1.0%) patients developed late delayed bleeding. In the polyp-based multivariate analysis, young age ( 10 mm (OR 2.45; 95% CI 1.38-4.36) were significant risk factors for major delayed bleeding, while young age (< 50 years; OR 2.6; 95% CI 1.35-5.12) and immediate bleeding (OR 3.3; 95% CI 1.49-7.30) were significant risk factors for late delayed bleeding. Young age, aspirin use, polyp size, and immediate bleeding were found to be independent risk factors for delayed post-polypectomy bleeding.

Urogenital fistulae: A prospective study of 50 cases at a tertiary care hospital.

Science.gov (United States)

Mathur, Rajkumar; Joshi, Nitin; Aggarwal, Gaurav; Raikwar, Ramsharan; Shrivastava, Vaibhav; Mathur, Poonam; Raikwar, Poonam; Joshi, Rupali

2010-05-01

The misfortunate incident of formation of a urogenital fistula remains a major challenge for surgical urologists worldwide. Such fistulae may not be a life-threatening problem, but surely the women face demoralization, social boycott and even divorce and separation. The fistula may be vaginal, recto-vaginal or a combination of the two. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that in the developing nations, nearly 5 million women annually suffer severe morbidity with obstetric fistulae being the foremost on the list. The objective of our study was to enunciate the patient demography, patient profile, incidence, type of surgery, as well as the long-term outcomes encountered in the management of all types of genital fistulae at a tertiary care centre. 50 consecutive patients, attending the outpatient department with urogenital fistulae, were studied during the period of 5 years from July 2005 to July 2009. All female patients with complaints of urinary incontinence and fecal incontinence and dribbling, patients having a history of obstructed labor, radiotherapy, instrumental delivery, foreign body or trauma and with a history of hysterectomy (abdominal/ vaginal) and lower segment caesarean section (LSCS) were included. A thorough urological examination included a dye study using methylene blue, Renal function tests, X-ray KUB and intravenous urography (IVU). Cystoscopy along with examination under anaesthesia (EUA) were done to assess the actual extent of injury. All patients were subjected to appropriate surgical interventions via the same combination of surgeons . Post operatively, prophylactic antibiotics were administered to all patients and patients were managed till discharge and followed thereafter via regular outpatient visits for a period of 3 years. Age of patients ranged from 21 to 40 years. 64% patients hailed from rural areas, 76% were from the lower socio-economic strata, 40% illiterate and 69% were short Statured. Vesico vaginal fistulae (VVF

Prevention of pharyngocutaneous fistulas by means of laser-weld techniques.

Science.gov (United States)

Shohet, J A; Reinisch, L; Ossoff, R H

1995-07-01

Although much has been written on methods of dealing with pharyngocutaneous fistulas once they have formed, there are few reports of methods of preventing fistula formation from occurring. We examined the use of laser-weld techniques with the neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) and diode lasers to seal pharyngotomy closures. Laser-weld techniques have been used successfully in many other tissues, but reports documenting use in the upper aerodigestive tract are minimal. Indocyanine-green dye-enhanced collagen and fibrinogen were studied as laser solder materials for the diode laser. Twenty-nine experimental animals were studied. Neither the Nd:YAG nor the diode laser was successful in preventing fistula formation. Tensiometric studies documented significant strength of the laser welds ex vivo, but this finding was not clinically significant.

Diagnosis and treatment of traumatic carotid cavernous fistula combined with sphenoid sinus pseudoaneurysm

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen Huairui; Bai Rulin; Huang Chengguang; Hu Guohan; Luo Chun; Yuan Guoliang; Lu Yicheng

2008-01-01

Objective: To explore the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic carotid cavernous fistula combined with sphenoid sinus pseudoaneurysm. Methods: Interventional diagnosed and treated 6 eases of traumatid carotid cavernous fistula combined with sphenoid sinus pseudoaneurysm. Results: 5 patients presented with recurrent massive epistaxis and symptoms of CCF caused by pseudoaneurysms and fistulas were occluded with detachable balloons and internal carotid arteries were reserved in 2 cases; of which, 1 case also had indirect carotid cavernous fistula in contralateral side, embolizated by trans facial vein approach with microcoil. Complete symptoms resolution was achieved in all cases, without procedure related complications. During the follow-up period, all patients returned to their work. Conclusions: Falling from high speed motorcycle without helmet may be one of the main causes of this disease. The site of strike mostly localize at the frontal and lateral aspects of the orbit. MRI scan is very helpful for the diagnosis before receiving angiography. Detachable balloon occlusion for the pseudoaneurysm and fistula is safe and efficient for the treatment. (authors)

Traumatic esophageopleural fistula due to fish bone injury

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ajay Kumar Verma

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Oesophageopleural fistula (EPF is an abnormal communication in between the oesophagous and pleural space such that the contents of oesophagous are drained into the pleural space surrounding the lungs. We describe a case of a middle-aged female who presented with right sided pyothorax secretions of which consisted of food particles. Chest computed tomography and barium swallow confirmed the diagnosis of oesophageopleural fistula, cause of which was found to be an accidental fish bone injury. Conservative management was done by chest tube drainage along with ryles tube feeding. Patient expired following severe sepsis.

Cost-effectiveness of diagnostic strategies for the management of abnormal uterine bleeding (heavy menstrual bleeding and post-menopausal bleeding): a decision analysis

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Cooper, Natalie A. M.; Barton, Pelham M.; Breijer, Maria; Caffrey, Orla; Opmeer, Brent C.; Timmermans, Anne; Mol, Ben W. J.; Khan, Khalid S.; Clark, T. Justin

2014-01-01

Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) and post-menopausal bleeding (PMB) together constitute the commonest gynaecological presentation in secondary care and impose substantial demands on health service resources. Accurate diagnosis is of key importance to realising effective treatment, reducing morbidity

Fanconi anaemia with bilateral diffuse pulmonary arterio venous fistulae: a case report

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Samarakoon Lasitha

2012-03-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background We report a patient with cytogenetically confirmed Fanconi anaemia with associated diffuse bilateral pulmonary arterio-venous fistulae. This is only the second reported case of diffuse pulmonary arterio-venous fistulae with Fanconi anaemia. Case Presentation A 16 year old Sri Lankan boy, with a cytogenetically confirmed Fanconi anaemia was admitted to University Medical Unit, National Hospital of Sri Lanka for further assessment and treatment. Both central and peripheral cyanosis plus clubbing were noted on examination. The peripheral saturation was persistently low on room air and did not improve with supplementary Oxygen. Contrast echocardiography failed to demonstrate an intra cardiac shunt but showed early crossover of contrast, suggesting the possibility of pulmonary arterio-venous fistulae. Computed tomography pulmonary angiogram was inconclusive. Subsequent right heart catheterisation revealed bilateral diffuse arterio-venous fistulae not amenable for device closure or surgical intervention. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the second reported patient with diffuse pulmonary arterio-venous fistulae associated with Fanconi anaemia. We report this case to create awareness among clinicians regarding this elusive association. We recommend screening patients with Fanconi anaemia using contrast echocardiography at the time of assessment with transthoracic echocardiogram. Though universal screening may be impossible given the cost constraints, such screening should at least be performed in patients with clinical evidence of desaturation or when a therapeutic option such as haematopoietic stem cell transplantation is considered. Treatment of pulmonary arteriovenous fistulae would improve patient outcome as desaturation by shunting worsens the anaemic symptoms by reducing the oxygen carrying capacity of blood.

Comparison of detectable bleeding rates of radiopharmaceuticals for localization of gastrointestinal bleeding in sheep using a closed system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Owunwanne, A.; Sadek, S.; Yacoub, T.; Awdeh, M.; Abdel-Dayem, H.M. (Kuwait Univ. (Kuwait). Dept. of Nuclear Medicine); Al-Wafai, I.; Vallgren, S. (Kuwait Univ. (Kuwait). Dept. of Surgery)

1989-06-01

The closed experimental animal model system was used to compare the detectable gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding rates of {sup 99m}Tc-DTPA, {sup 99m}Tc-RBCs and {sup 99m}Tc tin colloid in sheep. The three radiopharmaceuticals were used to detect the upper GI bleeding sites at rates of 0.57 and 0.25 ml/min. At the lower bleeding rate of 0.1 ml/min, both {sup 99m}Tc-DTPA and {sup 99m}Tc-RBCs were successful in detecting the bleeding site. At the lowest rate of 0.07 ml/min only {sup 99m}Tc-DTPA was successful in detecting the bleeding site. The results indicate that {sup 99m}Tc-DTPA is the most useful {sup 99m}Tc radiopharmaceutical for detecting the upper GI bleeding site at the slowest bleeding rate studied. (orig.).

Acute suppurative thyroiditis secondary to piriform sinus fistula: a case report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Diez, O.; Anorbe, E.; Aisa, P.; Saez De Ormijana, J.; Aguirre, X.; Paraiso, M.

1998-01-01

We present a typical case of acute suppurative thyroiditis (AST), associated with a piriform sinus fistula. We illustrate the case with an ultrasound picture of a hypoechogenic perithyroid mass and a CT scan using intravenous iodine contrast showing a perithyroid hypodense mass with peripheral enhancement, the mass also having intrathyroid involvement. When clinical and radiological findings suggest the presence of AST, it is necessary to rule out the presence of a piriform sinus fistula by means of a radiological study with barium contrast. Piriform sinus fistula is a rare abnormality derived from the branchial arch which is directly related to recurrent episodes of AST; surgical excision is hence, necessary to avoid such episodes

Transarterial embolization for hematuria caused by renal arteriovenous malformations or fistulae

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Meng Xiaoxi; Liu Shiyuan; Dong Weihua; Dong Sheng; Jia Ningyang; Xiao Xiangsheng

2008-01-01

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of transarterial embolization for hematuria caused by renal arteriovenous malformation or fistulae. Methods: Seven patients with gross hematuria caused by renal arterial abnormalities were retrospectively reviewed, of which three had congenital renal arteriovenous malformations and the other four had non-neoplastic acquired renal arteriovenous fistulae. All patients were confirmed by renal arterial angiography and undergone embolization with various embolic materials. Results: Embolization was successfully carried out in all cases. Gross hematuria disappeared one to seven days after the procedure. No severe complications were encountered. No recurrence occurred within 12 to 36 months of follow-up. Conclusions: Transarterial embolization is safe and effective for hematuria caused by renal arteriovenous malformations or fistulae. (authors)

New Surgical Approach for treatment of complex vesicovaginal fistula. Vesical autoplasty

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gil-Vernet Vila, J. M.

2009-01-01

Although currently complex vesico-vaginal fistulae are an uncommon finding, their solution still remains a problem since no effective surgical technique is yet available. We describe a new vesical autoplasty procedure for solving this entity. Once the fistulae has been thoroughly resected and its borders have been unfolded, a graft is obtained from the posterior-superior vesical wall, which is then slid down to the vesical neck thereby covering great extensions where tissue has been lost, even in the presence of low-capacity bladders. This new operation has led to a 100% cure rate of the 42 consecutive cases of vesico-vaginal fistulae operated on and that had undergone repeated surgery using other thecniques. (Author) 8 refs.

Sphincter of Oddi botulinum toxin injection to prevent pancreatic fistula after distal pancreatectomy.

Science.gov (United States)

Hackert, Thilo; Klaiber, Ulla; Hinz, Ulf; Kehayova, Tzveta; Probst, Pascal; Knebel, Phillip; Diener, Markus K; Schneider, Lutz; Strobel, Oliver; Michalski, Christoph W; Ulrich, Alexis; Sauer, Peter; Büchler, Markus W

2017-05-01

Postoperative pancreatic fistula represents the most important complication after distal pancreatectomy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of a preoperative endoscopic injection of botulinum toxin into the sphincter of Oddi to prevent postoperative pancreatic fistula (German Clinical Trials Register number: DRKS00007885). This was an investigator-initiated, prospective clinical phase I/II trial with an exploratory study design. We included patients who underwent preoperative endoscopic sphincter botulinum toxin injection (100 units of Botox). End points were the feasibility, safety, and postoperative outcomes, including postoperative pancreatic fistula within 30 days after distal pancreatectomy. Botulinum toxin patients were compared with a control collective of patients undergoing distal pancreatectomy without botulinum toxin injection by case-control matching in a 1:1 ratio. Between February 2015 and February 2016, 29 patients were included. All patients underwent successful sphincter of Oddi botulinum toxin injection within a median of 6 (range 0-10) days before operation. One patient had an asymptomatic, self-limiting (48 hours) increase in serum amylase and lipase after injection. Distal pancreatectomy was performed in 24/29 patients; 5 patients were not resectable. Of the patients receiving botulinum toxin, 7 (29%) had increased amylase levels in drainage fluid on postoperative day 3 (the International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery definition of postoperative pancreatic fistula grade A) without symptoms or need for reintervention. Importantly, no clinically relevant fistulas (International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery grades B/C) were observed in botulinum toxin patients compared to 33% postoperative pancreatic fistula grade B/C in case-control patients (P botulinum toxin injection is a novel and safe approach to decrease the incidence of clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula after distal pancreatectomy. The results of

Thoracic fistulas of the pancreas and their complications in childhood

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fritsch, R; Schirg, E; Buerger, D

1981-08-01

The article reports on two thoracic fistulas of the pancreas in infants. Anamnesis revealed that recurring abdominal pain had occured in those children for years; at the time of their admission to hospital there was considerable dyspnoea with thoracic pain depending on the respiration. Fistulas of the pancreas with thoracic connection were identified as the cause. The article goes into the details of genesis, differential diagnosis and course of the disease.

The role of proper treatment of maxillary sinusitis in the healing of persistent oroantral fistula

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

David B. Kamadjaja

2008-09-01

Full Text Available Background: Oroantral communication (OAC is one of the possible complications after extraction of the upper teeth. If not identified and treated properly, a large OAC may develop into oroantral fistula (OAF which means that there is a permanent epithelium-lined communication between antrum and oral cavity. Such fistulas may cause ingress of microorganism from oral cavity into the antrum leading to maxillary sinusitis. Oroantral fistula usually persists if the infection in the maxillary antrum is not eliminated. Therefore, treatment of oroantral fistula should include management of maxillary sinusitis in which surgical closure of oroantral fistula should be done only when the sinusitis has been cured. Purpose: This case report emphasizes on the importance of proper management of maxillary sinusitis in the healing of oroantral fistula. Case: A case of an oroantral fistula following removal of upper left third molar is presented. As the maxillary sinusitis was not identified pre-operatively, two surgical procedures to close the fistula had ended up in dehiscence. Case management: The diagnosis of maxillary sinusitis was finally made and the sinusitis subsequently treated with combination of trans-alveolar sinus wash out, insertion of an acrylic splint, and two series of nasal and sinus physiotherapy procedures. The size of the defect decreased gradually during the treatment of the sinusitis and finally closed up without any further surgical intervention. Conclusion: This case report points out that it is important to detect intraoperatively an antral perforation after any surgery of the maxillary teeth and to close any oroantral communication as early as possible and that it is important to treat properly any pre-existing maxillary sinusitis before any surgical method is done to close the fistula.

Duodenorenal Fistula as a Complication of Radiofrequency Ablation of Hepatic Metastasis of Renal Cell Carcinoma

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Arman Erkan

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Duodenorenal fistula is a rare condition. The right kidney and the second part of the duodenum are in close anatomic proximity. Although unusual, fistulae can occur between these two anatomic structures. We report a patient who presented with duodenorenal fistula after radiofrequency ablation for renal cell carcinoma and its hepatic metastasis.

Bleeding rates necessary for detecting acute gastrointestinal bleeding with technetium-99m-labeled red blood cells in an experimental model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Thorne, D.A.; Datz, F.L.; Remley, K.; Christian, P.E.

1987-01-01

Proponents of [/sup 99m/Tc]sulfur colloid for GI bleeding studies argue that, although labeled red blood cells are useful for intermittent bleeding, they are not capable of detecting low bleeding rates. Studies of dogs with experimental GI bleeding have indicated bleeding rates of 0.05 ml/min can be detected with [/sup 99m/Tc]sulfur colloid. Since similar data in the dog model were unavailable for /sup 99m/Tc-labeled red blood cells, we undertook this study. To simulate lower GI bleeding, catheters were inserted into the bowel lumen. Each dog's blood was labeled with /sup 99m/Tc using an in vitro technique. Venous blood was then withdrawn and re-infused into the lumen of the bowel using a Harvard pump. Fourteen dogs were studied, ten receiving a bleeding rate from 4.6-0.02 ml/min in the descending colon and four with proximal jejunal bleeds of 0.20-0.02 ml/min. Bleeding rates of 4.6-0.2 ml/min were detected within 10 min in the colon and bleeding rates as low as 0.04 ml/min were seen by 55 min. Slower bleeding rates were not detected. Similar findings were noted for proximal jejunal bleeds. Based on the time of appearance, a minimum volume of approximately 2-3 ml labeled blood was necessary to detect bleeding. We conclude that /sup 99m/Tc-labeled RBCs are sensitive for low bleeding rates in the dog model. The rates are comparable to those described for [/sup 99m/Tc]sulfur colloid in this experimental setting. The time of appearance of activity is related to the bleeding rate

Broncho-vascular fistulas from self-expanding metallic stents: A retrospective case review

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chirag Choudhary

2013-01-01

Full Text Available To highlight a potentially fatal complication of broncho-vascular fistula arising from the self expanding metallic stent (SEMS placement. We retrospectively analyzed five patients with benign and malignant airway diseases, who developed tracheo/broncho-vascular fistulas following SEMS placement in our tertiary care setting. All patients received either Wallstent or Ultraflex® stent (Boston Scientific, Natick, MA between 1999 and 2007. All patients had received adjunct therapy such as balloon bronchoplasty, laser therapy or electrocautery. Most patients presented with massive hemoptysis. A total of 483 SEMS were placed during this period. SEMS placement can be complicated by Broncho-vascular fistula formation. True incidence and precise time interval between the insertion of stent and onset of this complication is unknown. Additional therapeutic modalities to maintain stent patency may enhance the risk of fistula formation. SEMS should only be used in a select sub-group of patients, after exhaustive evaluation of other treatment options. These cases provide evidence that broncho-vascular fistulas can develop at any time following SEMS placement, suggesting the need for a more cautious approach, especially while using them for a long term management. In benign airway disease, the stent should be removed as soon as healing has taken place.

Selective digital venous hypertension: A rare complication of hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Swayne, L.C.; Manstein, C.; Somers, R.; Cope, C.

1983-04-01

We report and document angiographically a case of selective venous hypertension, masquerading as an infection, which involved the three middle digits of the right hand in a patient with an access arteriovenous (AV) fistula. This complication arose following hemodialysis and was resolved after resection of the right radial artery at the site of AV fistula and re-anastomosis.

Comparison of pharyngocutaneous fistula closure with and without bacterial cellulose in a rat model.

Science.gov (United States)

Demir, Berat; Sarı, Murat; Binnetoglu, Adem; Yumusakhuylu, Ali Cemal; Filinte, Deniz; Tekin, İshak Özel; Bağlam, Tekin; Batman, Abdullah Çağlar

2018-04-01

The present study aimed to compare the effects of bacterial cellulose used for closure of pharyngocutaneous fistulae, a complication of total laryngectomy, with those of primary sutures in a rat model. Thirty female Sprague-Dawley underwent experimental pharyngoesophagotomy and were grouped depending on the material used for pharyngocutaneous fistula closure: group I, which received primary sutures alone, group II, which received bacterial cellulose alone; and group III, which received both. After 7 days, the rats were sacrificed. Pharyngocutaneous fistula development was assessed, the gross wound was inspected, and histological examination was conducted. Pharyngocutaneous fistulae developed in 12 rats (41%) in all: 6 from group I (21%), 4 from group II (14%) and 2 from group III (7%). Fibroblast density and inflammatory cell infiltration were significantly greater in group III than group I. We concluded that bacterial cellulose may be useful for pharyngocutaneous fistula closure. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Morphologic Basis for Developing Diverticular Disease, Diverticulitis, and Diverticular Bleeding.

Science.gov (United States)

Wedel, Thilo; Barrenschee, Martina; Lange, Christina; Cossais, François; Böttner, Martina

2015-04-01

Diverticula of the colon are pseudodiverticula defined by multiple outpouchings of the mucosal and submucosal layers penetrating through weak spots of the muscle coat along intramural blood vessels. A complete prolapse consists of a diverticular opening, a narrowed neck, and a thinned diverticular dome underneath the serosal covering. The susceptibility of diverticula to inflammation is explained by local ischemia, translocation of pathogens due to retained stool, stercoral trauma by fecaliths, and microperforations. Local inflammation may lead to phlegmonous diverticulitis, paracolic/mesocolic abscess, bowel perforation, peritonitis, fistula formation, and stenotic strictures. Diverticular bleeding is due to an asymmetric rupture of distended vasa recta at the diverticular dome and not primarily linked to inflammation. Structural and functional changes of the bowel wall in diverticular disease comprise: i) Altered amount, composition, and metabolism of connective tissue; ii) Enteric myopathy with muscular thickening, deranged architecture, and altered myofilament composition; iii) Enteric neuropathy with hypoganglionosis, neurotransmitter imbalance, deficiency of neurotrophic factors and nerve fiber remodeling; and iv) Disturbed intestinal motility both in vivo (increased intraluminal pressure, motility index, high-amplitude propagated contractions) and in vitro (altered spontaneous and pharmacologically triggered contractility). Besides established etiologic factors, recent studies suggest that novel pathophysiologic concepts should be considered in the pathogenesis of diverticular disease.

A rare case of complete second arch branchial fistula in a 7-year-old child

OpenAIRE

Shankar, Venkateswara Gomathi; Babu, Thirunavukkarasu Arun; Swami, Hartimath Basavanand

2012-01-01

Branchial fistulae are formed due to the abnormal persistence of the embryonic branchial clefts. Complete branchial fistula with internal and external opening is extremely rare. We report a rare case of complete second arch branchial fistulae in a 7-year-old boy, which was confirmed by a fistulogram. The tract was completely excised and the patient was successfully treated.

A rare case of complete second arch branchial fistula in a 7-year-old child.

Science.gov (United States)

Shankar, Venkateswara Gomathi; Babu, Thirunavukkarasu Arun; Swami, Hartimath Basavanand

2012-07-01

Branchial fistulae are formed due to the abnormal persistence of the embryonic branchial clefts. Complete branchial fistula with internal and external opening is extremely rare. We report a rare case of complete second arch branchial fistulae in a 7-year-old boy, which was confirmed by a fistulogram. The tract was completely excised and the patient was successfully treated.

Treatment of esophagopleural fistulas using covered retrievable expandable metallic stents.

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, Tae-Hyung; Shin, Ji Hoon; Kim, Kyung Rae; Park, Jung-Hoon; Kim, Jin Hyoung; Song, Ho-Young

2014-04-01

To evaluate the clinical efficacy of placement of covered retrievable expandable metallic stents for esophagopleural fistulas (EPFs). During the period 1997-2013, nine patients with EPF were treated using covered retrievable expandable metallic stents. The underlying causes of EPF were esophageal carcinoma (n = 6), lung cancer (n = 2), and postoperative empyema for Boerhaave syndrome (n = 1). Technical success was achieved in eight patients (88.9%). In one patient, incomplete EPF closure was due to incomplete stent expansion. Clinical success, defined as complete EPF closure within 7 days, was achieved in five patients (55.6%). Overall fistula persistence (n = 1) or reopening (n = 4) occurred in five patients (55.6%) 0-15 days after stent placement. The causes of reopening were due to the gap between the stent and the esophagus (n = 3) or stent migration (n = 1). For fistula persistence or reopening, additional interventional management, such as gastrostomy, stent removal, or stent reinsertion, was performed. Stent migration occurred as a complication in one patient with EPF from a benign cause secondary to postoperative empyema. In the eight patients who died during the follow-up period, the mean and median survival times were 78.8 days and 46 days, respectively. Placement of a covered expandable metallic esophageal stent for the palliative treatment of EPF is technically feasible, although the rate of clinical success was poor secondary to fistula persistence or reopening. Fistula reopening was caused by the gap between the stent and the esophagus or by stent migration, and additional interventional treatment was useful to ensure enteral nutritional support. Copyright © 2014 SIR. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A Fast Placement Technique for Covered Tracheobronchial Stents in Patients with Complicated Esophagorespiratory Fistulas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kishi, Kazushi; Nakao, Taisei; Goto, Hironobu; Kimura, Masashi; Sonomura, Tetsuo; Yamanaka, Noboru; Nanjo, Kishio; Sato, Morio

2005-01-01

Purpose. To test an endotracheal placement procedure for malignant esophagorespiratory fistula when endoesophageal placement is inapplicable. Methods. We report on patients with malignant esophagorespiratory fistula to which endoesophageal approaches were complicated with a complete obstruction of the hypopharynx, a collapsible tracheobronchus, or a previously placed endoesophageal stents. Gore-Tex membrane-covered Z-stents were deployed in the trachea using a coaxial introducer system in three patients. A Dumon tube was deployed in the bronchus over the bronchofiberscope in one patient. Results. All fistula were completely sealed by the endotracheal or endobronchial stenting. Symptomatic and clinical improvements were immediate obtained. Conclusion. Endotracheal or endobronchial covered stent placement is thought to be an effective alternative method for sealing esophagorespiratory fistula

Sigmoid exclusion: a new technique in the management of radiation-induced fistula

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aitken, R.J.; Elliot, M.S.

1985-01-01

Colovesical and colovaginal fistulas following irradiation for pelvic malignancy represent a formidable surgical problem. Although complex surgical procedures to close the fistulas and restore continence have been described, often a defunctioning colostomy with an associated urinary conduit is the only feasible option. Three patients who have successfully undergone an original procedure (sigmoid exclusion) are presented. Sigmoid exclusion restores continence but avoids a permanent stoma. The involved sigmoid colon was isolated on its mesentery ensuring that the area incorporating the fistulas was not disrupted. The ends of the isolated sigmoid colon were closed and bowel continuity then restored by a colorectal or colo-anal anastomosis. Following closure of a temporary colostomy the patients were continent with no ill effects or sepsis from the excluded colon. This procedure has the dual advantage of restoring continence yet avoiding both an urinary conduit and a permanent colostomy, and represents a useful advance in the surgical management of radiation induced colonic fistulas. (author)

Positron emission tomography with 68Ga-EDTA in the diagnosis and localization of CSF fistulas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bergstrand, G.; Bergstroem, M.; Eriksson, L.; Edner, G.; Widen, L.

1982-01-01

Five patients with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea were investigated with computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET) to localize the site of a CSF fistula. After intrathecal injection of 10 MBq of 68 Ga-EDTA, radioactivity was demonstrated in the basal cisterns. In three cases, the site of the fistula was visualized with PET. It is not always possible to demonstrate a CSF leakage with CT cisternography (CTC) using metrizamide, particularly in cases with minute fistulas or intermittent CSF rhinorrhea. With further experience and improved PET techniques, it may be possible to detect even very small fistulas

Ramiprilate inhibits functional matrix metalloproteinase activity in Crohn's disease fistulas

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Efsen, Eva; Saermark, Torben; Hansen, Alastair

2011-01-01

Increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, -3 and -9 has been demonstrated in Crohn's disease fistulas, but it is unknown whether these enzymes are biologically active and represent a therapeutic target. Therefore, we investigated the proteolytic activity of MMPs in fistula tissue...... from six controls were also included. Total functional MMP activity was measured by a high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC)-based, fluorogenic MMP-substrate cleavage assay, and the specific activity of MMP-2, -3 and -9 by the MMP Biotrak Activity Assay. The MMP inhibitors comprised ethylene......-9.83) compared with non-Crohn's fistulas, [0.32 ng/ml, range 0-2.66, (p MMP-9 activity [0.64 ng/ml, range 0-5.66 and 0.17 ng/ml, range 0-1.1, respectively (p MMP activity level by 42% and suppressed the specific MMP-3...

Delayed Diagnosis of Vesicouterine Fistula After Treatment for Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Menstrual Cup Management and Diagnosis.

Science.gov (United States)

Goldberg, Leah; Elsamra, Sammy; Hutchinson-Colas, Juana; Segal, Saya

2016-01-01

A vesicouterine fistula is a rare form of urogenital fistula, yet there is increasing prevalence in the United States because of the rising rate of cesarean deliveries. Vesicouterine fistulas have various presentations including menouria, hematuria, or urinary incontinence. A 39-year-old multiparous woman presented with urine leakage after her third cesarean delivery. She had been treated for mixed urinary incontinence with overactive bladder medications and a midurethral sling with continued complaints of urine leakage. The patient noticed her symptoms of urine leakage improved during menses when she used a menstrual cup. After confirmation of vesicouterine fistula, the patient underwent robotic-assisted surgery and her symptoms of insensible urine leakage resolved. When evaluating women with urinary incontinence and a history of cesarean deliveries, use of menstrual cup may aid in the diagnosis of vesicouterine fistula. Robotic-assisted laparoscopic repair with tissue interposition flap is an efficacious minimally invasive method for treatment of vesicouterine fistula.

Postpartum bleeding: efficacy of endovascular management

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, Sun Young; Ko, Gi Young; Song, Ho Young; Gwon, Dong Il; Sung, Kyu Bo; Yoon, Hyun Ki

2003-01-01

To assess the effectiveness and safety of transcatheter arterial embolization for the treatment of massive postpartum bleeding. Transcatheter arterial embolization was attempted in 25 patients with massive postpartum bleeding. After identification at bilateral internal iliac arteriography, the bleeding artery was embolized using gelfoam, polyvinyl alcohol particles or microcoils, and to prevent rebleeding through collateral pathways, the contralateral uterine artery or anterior division of the internal iliac artery was also embolized. Clinical success and complications were retrospectively assessed and documented. Active bleeding foci were detected in 13 patients (52%), and involved the unilateral (n=10) or bilateral (n=2) uterine artery and unilateral vaginal artery (n=1). Twelve (92%) of the 13 patients recovered completely following embolization, but one underwent hysterectomy due to persistent bleeding. The focus of bleeding was not detected in 12 patients (48%), but 11 (92%) of these also recovered following embolization of the bilateral uterine or internal iliac arteries. One patient, however, died due to sepsis. Two of the 12 patients underwent hysterectomy due ro rebleeding on the 12 th and 13 th day, respectively, after embolization. Transcatheter arterial embolization is relatively safe and effective for the treatment massive postpartum bleeding

Postpartum bleeding: efficacy of endovascular management

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lee, Sun Young; Ko, Gi Young; Song, Ho Young; Gwon, Dong Il; Sung, Kyu Bo; Yoon, Hyun Ki [Asan Medical Center, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

2003-06-01

To assess the effectiveness and safety of transcatheter arterial embolization for the treatment of massive postpartum bleeding. Transcatheter arterial embolization was attempted in 25 patients with massive postpartum bleeding. After identification at bilateral internal iliac arteriography, the bleeding artery was embolized using gelfoam, polyvinyl alcohol particles or microcoils, and to prevent rebleeding through collateral pathways, the contralateral uterine artery or anterior division of the internal iliac artery was also embolized. Clinical success and complications were retrospectively assessed and documented. Active bleeding foci were detected in 13 patients (52%), and involved the unilateral (n=10) or bilateral (n=2) uterine artery and unilateral vaginal artery (n=1). Twelve (92%) of the 13 patients recovered completely following embolization, but one underwent hysterectomy due to persistent bleeding. The focus of bleeding was not detected in 12 patients (48%), but 11 (92%) of these also recovered following embolization of the bilateral uterine or internal iliac arteries. One patient, however, died due to sepsis. Two of the 12 patients underwent hysterectomy due ro rebleeding on the 12{sup th} and 13{sup th} day, respectively, after embolization. Transcatheter arterial embolization is relatively safe and effective for the treatment massive postpartum bleeding.

Successful Use of Modified Suprapubic Catheter to Rescue Prostatorectal Fistula

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yi-Chun Chiu

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Prostatorectal fistula is a complication following radiotherapy. It remains a clinical challenge to treat because most patients experience a poor quality of life. This case report discusses a modified suprapubic catheter for use in a patient with a prostatorectal fistula that developed after radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer. It is an inexpensive, easily available, and more patient-tolerable catheter that improves quality of life. Herein, we describe the development of this catheter.

Urogenital fistulae: A prospective study of 50 cases at a tertiary care hospital

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mathur Rajkumar

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Introduction: The misfortunate incident of formation of a urogenital fistula remains a major challenge for surgical urologists worldwide. Such fistulae may not be a life-threatening problem, but surely the women face demoralization, social boycott and even divorce and separation. The fistula may be vaginal, recto-vaginal or a combination of the two. The World Health Organization (WHO has estimated that in the developing nations, nearly 5 million women annually suffer severe morbidity with obstetric fistulae being the foremost on the list. The objective of our study was to enunciate the patient demography, patient profile, incidence, type of surgery, as well as the long-term outcomes encountered in the management of all types of genital fistulae at a tertiary care centre. Materials and Methods: 50 consecutive patients, attending the outpatient department with urogenital fistulae, were studied during the period of 5 years from July 2005 to July 2009. All female patients with complaints of urinary incontinence and fecal incontinence and dribbling, patients having a history of obstructed labor, radiotherapy, instrumental delivery, foreign body or trauma and with a history of hysterectomy (abdominal/ vaginal and lower segment caesarean section (LSCS were included. A thorough urological examination included a dye study using methylene blue, Renal function tests, X-ray KUB and intravenous urography (IVU. Cystoscopy along with examination under anaesthesia (EUA were done to assess the actual extent of injury. All patients were subjected to appropriate surgical interventions via the same combination of surgeons . Post operatively, prophylactic antibiotics were administered to all patients and patients were managed till discharge and followed thereafter via regular outpatient visits for a period of 3 years. Results: Age of patients ranged from 21 to 40 years. 64% patients hailed from rural areas, 76% were from the lower socio-economic strata, 40

Surgery for fistula-in-ano in a specialist colorectal unit: a critical appraisal

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sileri Pierpaolo

2011-11-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Several techniques have been described for the management of fistula-in-ano, but all carry their own risks of recurrence and incontinence. We conducted a prospective study to assess type of presentation, treatment strategy and outcome over a 5-year period. Methods Between 1st January 2005 and 31st March 2011 247 patients presenting with anal fistulas were treated at the University Hospital Tor Vergata and were included in the present prospective study. Mean age was 47 years (range 16-76 years; minimum follow-up period was 6 months (mean 40, range 6-74 months. Patients were treated using 4 operative approaches: fistulotomy, fistulectomy, seton placement and rectal advancement flap. Data analyzed included: age, gender, type of fistula, operative intervention, healing rate, postoperative complications, reinterventions and recurrence. Results Etiologies of fistulas were cryptoglandular (n = 218, Crohn's disease (n = 26 and Ulcerative Colitis (n = 3. Fistulae were classified as simple -intersphincteric 57 (23%, low transphincteric 28 (11% and complex -high transphicteric 122 (49%, suprasphincteric 2 (0.8%, extrasphinteric 2 (0.8%, recto-vaginal 7 (2.8% Crohn 26 (10% and UC 3 (1.2%. The most common surgical procedure was the placement of seton (62%, usually applied in case of complex fistulae and Crohn's patients. Eighty-five patients (34% underwent fistulotomy, mainly for intersphincteric and mid/low transphincteric tracts. Crohn's patients were submitted to placement of one or more loose setons. The main treatment successfully eradicated the primary fistula tract in 151/247 patients (61%. Three cases of major incontinence (1.3% were detected during the follow-up period; Furthermore, three patients complained minor incontinence that was successfully treated by biofeedback and permacol injection into the internal anal sphincter. Conclusions This prospective audit demonstrates an high proportion of complex anal fistulae treated by

Nontyphi Salmonella Empyema with Bronchopleural Fistula in a Patient with Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Douglas Bretzing

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV have an increased risk of inoculation with nontyphoid Salmonella compared to the general population. While nontyphoid Salmonella commonly manifests as gastroenteritis, Salmonella bacteremia can be seen in patients with HIV. We present a case of disseminated Salmonellosis in a patient with HIV complicated by bronchopleural fistula and secondary empyema. Case Presentation. A 40-year-old African American male with HIV noncompliant with HAART therapy presented with complaints of generalized weakness, weight loss, cough, night sweats, and nonbloody, watery diarrhea of four weeks’ duration. A computed tomography (CT scan demonstrated a bilobed large, thick-walled cavitary lesion in the right upper lobe communicating with the pleural space to form a bronchopleural fistula. Thoracentesis yielded growth of nontyphi Salmonella species consistent with empyema; he was treated with intravenous Ceftriaxone and underwent placement of chest tube for drainage of empyema with instillation of alteplase/dornase twice daily for three days. Repeat CT chest showed a hydropneumothorax. The patient subsequently underwent video-assisted thoracoscopy with decortication. The patient continued to improve and follow-up CT chest demonstrated improved loculated right pneumothorax with resolution of the right bronchopleural fistula and resolution of the cavitary lesions. Discussion. We describe one of the few cases of development of bronchopulmonary fistula and the formation of empyema in the setting of disseminated Salmonella. Empyema complicated by bronchopulmonary fistula likely led to failure of intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy and the patient ultimately required decortication in addition to antibiotics. While Salmonella bacteremia can be seen in immunocompromised patients, extraintestinal manifestations of Salmonella infection such as empyema and bronchopleural fistulas are uncommon. Bronchopleural fistulas most commonly

Non-inferiority of short-term urethral catheterization following fistula repair surgery: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Barone Mark A

2012-03-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background A vaginal fistula is a devastating condition, affecting an estimated 2 million girls and women across Africa and Asia. There are numerous challenges associated with providing fistula repair services in developing countries, including limited availability of operating rooms, equipment, surgeons with specialized skills, and funding from local or international donors to support surgeries and subsequent post-operative care. Finding ways of providing services in a more efficient and cost-effective manner, without compromising surgical outcomes and the overall health of the patient, is paramount. Shortening the duration of urethral catheterization following fistula repair surgery would increase treatment capacity, lower costs of services, and potentially lower risk of healthcare-associated infections among fistula patients. There is a lack of empirical evidence supporting any particular length of time for urethral catheterization following fistula repair surgery. This study will examine whether short-term (7 day urethral catheterization is not worse by more than a minimal relevant difference to longer-term (14 day urethral catheterization in terms of incidence of fistula repair breakdown among women with simple fistula presenting at study sites for fistula repair service. Methods/Design This study is a facility-based, multicenter, non-inferiority randomized controlled trial (RCT comparing the new proposed short-term (7 day urethral catheterization to longer-term (14 day urethral catheterization in terms of predicting fistula repair breakdown. The primary outcome is fistula repair breakdown up to three months following fistula repair surgery as assessed by a urinary dye test. Secondary outcomes will include repair breakdown one week following catheter removal, intermittent catheterization due to urinary retention and the occurrence of septic or febrile episodes, prolonged hospitalization for medical reasons, catheter blockage, and

Pancreaticobiliary fistula evident after ESWL treatment of pancreatolithiasis.

Science.gov (United States)

Arakura, Norikazu; Ozaki, Yayoi; Maruyama, Masafumi; Chou, Yoshimi; Kodama, Ryou; Takayama, Mari; Hamano, Hideaki; Tanaka, Eiji; Kawa, Shigeyuki

2009-01-01

Here we report a patient with a pancreaticobiliary fistula that was possibly associated with pancreatolithiasis. He was admitted due to mild pancreatitis. Pancreatolithiasis was revealed in the parenchyma of the head region and in the main pancreatic duct of the pancreas body with distal dilatation. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) effectively eliminated the pancreatic stones; however, an apparent internal fistula from the middle portion of the common bile duct (CBD) to the main pancreatic duct was revealed where the parenchymal stones had been located. The patient was considered to be in the same condition as pancreato-biliary malunion without CBD dilatation, and was treated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Acute suppurative thyroiditis secondary to piriform sinus fistula: a case report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Diez, O.; Anorbe, E.; Aisa, P.; Saez De Ormijana, J.; Aguirre, X.; Paraiso, M.

1998-01-01

We present a typical case of acute suppurative thyroiditis (AST), associated with a piriform sinus fistula. We illustrate the case with an ultrasound picture of a hypoechogenic perithyroid mass and a CT scan using intravenous iodine contrast showing a perithyroid hypodense mass with peripheral enhancement, the mass also having intrathyroid involvement. When clinical and radiological findings suggest the presence of AST, it is necessary to rule out the presence of a piriform sinus fistula by means of a radiological study with barium contrast. Piriform sinus fistula is a rare abnormality derived from the branchial arch which is directly related to recurrent episodes of AST; surgical excision is hence, necessary to avoid such episodes. (Copyright (c) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam. All rights reserved.)

Acute suppurative thyroiditis secondary to piriform sinus fistula: a case report

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Diez, O.; Anorbe, E.; Aisa, P.; Saez De Ormijana, J.; Aguirre, X.; Paraiso, M. [Department of Radiology, Hospital Santiago Apostol, C/Olaguibel 29, E01004 Vitoria-Gasteiz (Spain)

1998-11-01

We present a typical case of acute suppurative thyroiditis (AST), associated with a piriform sinus fistula. We illustrate the case with an ultrasound picture of a hypoechogenic perithyroid mass and a CT scan using intravenous iodine contrast showing a perithyroid hypodense mass with peripheral enhancement, the mass also having intrathyroid involvement. When clinical and radiological findings suggest the presence of AST, it is necessary to rule out the presence of a piriform sinus fistula by means of a radiological study with barium contrast. Piriform sinus fistula is a rare abnormality derived from the branchial arch which is directly related to recurrent episodes of AST; surgical excision is hence, necessary to avoid such episodes. (Copyright (c) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam. All rights reserved.)

Enterovesical fistula and acute pyelonephritis in renal transplantation. Role of ultrasound

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonio De Pascalis

2014-12-01

Full Text Available The enterovesical fistula is a communication between the urinary tract and the colon and is a rare complication of various inflammatory and cancer diseases. The most frequent cause is represented by diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon and less frequently from Crohn's disease, tumors of the colon and bladder, trauma, radiation therapy and appendicitis. In this report we describe the occurrence of an enterovesical fistula in a patient with renal allograft from a cadaveric donor, which onsetted with signs of acute pyelonephritis and pneumaturia due to diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon, clinically silent. The ultrasound in the diagnosis of enterovesical fistula, yet with a minor role compared to computed tomography (CT, is fundamental being always the first level examination.

Delayed diagnosis of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in a quadriplegic patient with uncontrolled cutaneous fistula

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Jae-Hyuk; Shin, Jin Yong; Roh, Si-Gyun; Chang, Suk-Choo; Lee, Nae-Ho

2018-01-01

Abstract Rationale: Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is a chronic destructive granulomatous inflammation that is characterized by urinary tract obstruction and invasion of the renal parenchyma. Although rare, XGP can lead to fatal complications, including perinephric inflammation, psoas abscess, and cutaneous fistula. Patient concerns: A quadriplegic patient initially presented to the hospital with a chronic open wound and cutaneous fistula. Diagnoses: Abdominal computed tomography revealed a renal obstructing stone and enlarged right kidney with a perinephric fluid collection that communicated with the cutaneous fistula. Interventions: The patient underwent a right nephrectomy at the department of urology. Outcomes: Two months after surgery, the patient was clinically well with no discharging fistula. Lessons: The XGP accompanied by complications requires an immediate evaluation and early diagnosis. In this case, the diagnosis was delayed because the state of quadriplegia rendered no symptoms of XGP. PMID:29480882

[Conservative anal fistula treatment with collagenic plug and human fibrin sealant. Preliminary results].

Science.gov (United States)

Gubitosi, A; Moccia, G; Malinconico, F A; Docimo, G; Ruggiero, R; Iside, G; Avenia, N; Docimo, L; Foroni, F; Gilio, F; Sparavigna, L; Agresti, M

2009-01-01

The authors, on the basis of a long clinical experience with human fibrin glue in general surgery, compared two different extracellular matrix (collagen), Surgisis and TissueDura, with human fibrin glue, applied during the operation, and sometimes in postoperative, to obtain the healing of perianal fistulas. The collagenic extracellular matrix provides, according to the rationale suggested, an optimal three-dimensional structure for the fibroblastic implant and neoangiogenesis, hence for the fistula "fibrotizzation" and closure. The encouraging results for transphincteric fistulas and a simple and easy technique push to researchers on samples statistically significant.

Congenital bronchobiliary fistula: MRI appearance

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hourigan, Jon S.; Carr, Michael G.; Burton, Edward M.; Ledbetter, Joel C.

2004-01-01

Congenital bronchobiliary fistula (CBBF) is a rare anomaly. Twenty-three cases have been reported since the anomaly was first described in 1952. Most of these cases were diagnosed by bronchoscopy, cholangiography, or hepatobiliary nuclear imaging. Our case of a newborn with bilious emesis with CBBF was depicted by T1-weighted gradient-echo MRI sequences. (orig.)

Vesicouterine fistula and blind vagina

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hafeez, M.; Hameed, S.; Asif, S.

2003-01-01

A case of vesicouterine fistula with blind vagina following cesarean section for obstructed labor is presented. It was surgically treated by fistulectomy, cervicoplasty and maintenance of bladder and cervical potency by catheterization. Intrauterine synechiae formation was prevented by copper T insertion and oral contraceptive pills. The patient is making uneventful a symptomatic progress planning to conceive. (author)

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with CKD.

Science.gov (United States)

Liang, Chih-Chia; Wang, Su-Ming; Kuo, Huey-Liang; Chang, Chiz-Tzung; Liu, Jiung-Hsiun; Lin, Hsin-Hung; Wang, I-Kuan; Yang, Ya-Fei; Lu, Yueh-Ju; Chou, Che-Yi; Huang, Chiu-Ching

2014-08-07

Patients with CKD receiving maintenance dialysis are at risk for upper gastrointestinal bleeding. However, the risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with early CKD who are not receiving dialysis is unknown. The hypothesis was that their risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding is negatively linked to renal function. To test this hypothesis, the association between eGFR and risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with stages 3-5 CKD who were not receiving dialysis was analyzed. Patients with stages 3-5 CKD in the CKD program from 2003 to 2009 were enrolled and prospectively followed until December of 2012 to monitor the development of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding was analyzed using competing-risks regression with time-varying covariates. In total, 2968 patients with stages 3-5 CKD who were not receiving dialysis were followed for a median of 1.9 years. The incidence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding per 100 patient-years was 3.7 (95% confidence interval, 3.5 to 3.9) in patients with stage 3 CKD, 5.0 (95% confidence interval, 4.8 to 5.3) in patients with stage 4 CKD, and 13.9 (95% confidence interval, 13.1 to 14.8) in patients with stage 5 CKD. Higher eGFR was associated with a lower risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (P=0.03), with a subdistribution hazard ratio of 0.93 (95% confidence interval, 0.87 to 0.99) for every 5 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) higher eGFR. A history of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (Pupper gastrointestinal bleeding risk. In patients with CKD who are not receiving dialysis, lower renal function is associated with higher risk for upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The risk is higher in patients with previous upper gastrointestinal bleeding history and low serum albumin. Copyright © 2014 by the American Society of Nephrology.

The usefulness of MDCT in acute intestinal bleeding

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Kum Rae; Park, Won Kyu; Kim, Jae Woon; Chang, Jay Chun; Jang, Han Won

2006-01-01

We wanted to evaluate the usefulness of MDCT for localizing a bleeding site and for helping make a decision on further management for acute intestinal bleeding. We conducted a retrospective review of 17 consecutive patients who presented with acute intestinal bleeding and who also underwent MDCT before angiography or surgery. The sensitivity of MDCT for detecting acute intestinal bleeding was assessed and compared with that of conventional angiography. The sensitivity of MDCT for the detection of acute intestinal bleeding was 77% (13 or 17), whereas that of angiography was 46% (6 or 13). All the bleeding points that were subsequently detected on angiography were visualized on MDCT. In three cases, the bleeding focus was detected on MDCT and not on angiography. In four cases, both MDCT and angiography did not detect the bleeding focus; for one of these cases, CT during SMA angiography was performed and this detected the active bleeding site. In patients with acute intestinal bleeding, MDCT is a useful image modality to detect the bleeding site and to help decide on further management before performing angiography or surgery. When tumorous lesions are detected, invasive angiography can be omitted

Early lactate clearance for predicting active bleeding in critically ill patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a retrospective study.

Science.gov (United States)

Wada, Tomoki; Hagiwara, Akiyoshi; Uemura, Tatsuki; Yahagi, Naoki; Kimura, Akio

2016-08-01

Not all patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) require emergency endoscopy. Lactate clearance has been suggested as a parameter for predicting patient outcomes in various critical care settings. This study investigates whether lactate clearance can predict active bleeding in critically ill patients with UGIB. This single-center, retrospective, observational study included critically ill patients with UGIB who met all of the following criteria: admission to the emergency department (ED) from April 2011 to August 2014; had blood samples for lactate evaluation at least twice during the ED stay; and had emergency endoscopy within 6 h of ED presentation. The main outcome was active bleeding detected with emergency endoscopy. Classification and regression tree (CART) analyses were performed using variables associated with active bleeding to derive a prediction rule for active bleeding in critically ill UGIB patients. A total of 154 patients with UGIB were analyzed, and 31.2 % (48/154) had active bleeding. In the univariate analysis, lactate clearance was significantly lower in patients with active bleeding than in those without active bleeding (13 vs. 29 %, P bleeding is derived, and includes three variables: lactate clearance; platelet count; and systolic blood pressure at ED presentation. The rule has 97.9 % (95 % CI 90.2-99.6 %) sensitivity with 32.1 % (28.6-32.9 %) specificity. Lactate clearance may be associated with active bleeding in critically ill patients with UGIB, and may be clinically useful as a component of a prediction rule for active bleeding.