Die nuklearen Anlagen von Hanford (1943-1987) Eine Fallstudie über die Schnittstellen von Physik, Biologie und die US-amerikanische Gesellschaft zur Zeit des Kalten Krieges

Science.gov (United States)

Macuglia, Daniele

Die Geschichte des Kalten Krieges eröffnet viele Möglichkeiten, sich näher mit den Schnittstellen von Physik und Biologie während des 20. Jahrhunderts zu befassen. Nicht nur das Unglück in Tschernobyl aus dem Jahr 1986, auch das Beispiel der nuklearen Anlagen in Hanford in den Vereinigten Staaten zeigt die biologischen Folgen von nuklearer Physik.

Microscopie par rayons X dans la fenêtre de l'eau : faisabilité et intérêt pour la biologie d'un instrument de laboratoire

Science.gov (United States)

Adam, J. F.; Moy, J. P.

2005-06-01

La biologie étudie des structures ou des phénomènes sub-cellulaires. Pour cela la microscopie est la technique d'observation privilégiée. La résolution spatiale de la microscopie optique s'avère bien souvent insuffisante pour de telles observations. Les techniques plus résolvantes, comme la microscopie électronique par transmission sont souvent destructrices et d'une complexité peu adaptée aux besoins des biologistes. La microscopie par rayons X dans la fenêtre de l'eau permet l'imagerie rapide de cellules dans leur milieu naturel, nécessite peu de préparation et offre des résolutions de quelques dizaines de nanomètres. De plus, il existe un bon contraste naturel entre les structures carbonées (protéines, lipides) et l'eau. Actuellement cette technique est limitée aux centres de rayonnement synchrotron, ce qui impose une planification et des déplacements incompatibles avec les besoins de la biologie. Un tel microscope fonctionnant avec uns source de laboratoire serait d'une grande utilité. Ce document présente un état de l'art de la microscopie par rayons X dans la fenêtre de l'eau. Un cahier des charges détaillé pour un appareil de laboratoire ayant les performances optiques requises par les biologistes est présenté et confronté aux microscopes X de laboratoire déjà existants. Des solutions concernant la source et les optiques sont également discutées.

[Claude Bernard and the Comptes Rendus de la Société de Biologie: the movie of the physiological revolution by him who made it (1849-1878)].

Science.gov (United States)

Hainaut, Jean

2009-01-01

Claude Bernard presented most of his fundamental results to the Société de Biologie, including proof of the modulation of the nervous system by the internal micromilieu. However, he did not describe the principle of a stable internal milieu as a condition for free life. Physiology, which is a part of biology, was not founded on cellular biology. Rather, Claude Bernard considered chemistry, anatomy and histology as the necessary auxiliary sciences for physiology. His articles are direct pictures, and not isolated ones, despite possible limitations, from a pre-montage movie of the physiological revolution he thought he had initiated, but not finished.

[Adaptations of psychotropic drugs in patients aged 75 years and older in a departement of geriatric internal medecine: report of 100 cases].

Science.gov (United States)

Couderc, Anne-Laure; Bailly-Agaledes, Cindy; Camalet, Joëlle; Capriz-Ribière, Françoise; Gary, André; Robert, Philippe; Brocker, Patrice; Guérin, Olivier

2011-06-01

The elderly often with multiple diseases are particularly at risk from adverse drug reactions. Nearly half of iatrogenic drug in the elderly are preventable. Some medications such as psychotropic drugs are particularly involved in iatrogenic accidents. We wanted to know if the tools of the comprehensive geriatric assessment or other factors could influence the changes of psychotropic drugs in a geriatric departement. Our prospective study of four months in 100 patients aged 75 years and older hospitalized in the Geriatric Internal Medecine Departement of University Hospital of Nice investigated what were the clinical or biological reasons and tools used during changes of psychotropic drugs. We compared these changes according to the comprehensive geriatric assessment tools and we analyzed the changes based on lists of potentially inappropriate medications by Laroche et al. and from the instrument STOPP/START. The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was the tool that has most influenced the changes in psychotropic including a tendency to increase and the introduction of anxiolytics when MMSE < 20 (p = 0.007) while neuroleptics instead arrested and decreased (p = 0.012). The comprehensive geriatric assessment has its place in decision support during the potentially iatrogenic prescriptions of drugs such as psychotropic and new tools such as STOPP/START can also be a help to the prescriber informed.

Utilisation d'un microfiltre tangentiel en oenologie

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Michel Serrano

1984-06-01

Full Text Available A pilot tangential filter made by the Societe I D E and 4 different membranes were tested in a cooperative winery in the Gironde during the 1983 crush. The apparatus can produce, from a must or wine high in suspended solids, a liquid brillantly clear, sterile, and heat (protein stable. However, certain membranes profoundly modified the macromolecular stucture of wines (polysaccharides and polyphenols and the organoleptic character of red wines.

[Evaluation of the quality of clinical practice guidelines published in the Annales de Biologie Clinique with the help of the EFLM checklist].

Science.gov (United States)

Wils, Julien; Fonfrède, Michèle; Augereau, Christine; Watine, Joseph

2014-01-01

Several tools are available to help evaluate the quality of clinical practice guidelines (CPG). The AGREE instrument (Appraisal of guidelines for research & evaluation) is the most consensual tool but it has been designed to assess CPG methodology only. The European federation of laboratory medicine (EFLM) recently designed a check-list dedicated to laboratory medicine which is supposed to be comprehensive and which therefore makes it possible to evaluate more thoroughly the quality of CPG in laboratory medicine. In the present work we test the comprehensiveness of this check-list on a sample of CPG written in French and published in Annales de biologie clinique (ABC). Thus we show that some work remains to be achieved before a truly comprehensive check-list is designed. We also show that there is some room for improvement for the CPG published in ABC, for example regarding the fact that some of these CPG do not provide any information about allowed durations of transport and of storage of biological samples before analysis, or about standards of minimal analytical performance, or about the sensitivities or the specificities of the recommended tests.

Les interactions entre la reproduction et la biologie des populations chez les Monogènes Gyrodactylidae : revue

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HARRIS P. D.

1993-01-01

Full Text Available Les Gyrodactylidae sont des Monogènes vivipares, les embryons se développent de manière emboitée dans l'utérus maternel. Les premier et deuxième individus fils se développent sans auto, ni fécondation croisée ; seuls les troisième et suivants peuvent se développer sexuellement. L'importance relative de la reproduction sexuée, dépend de la structure d'âge de la population et de la mortalité. Chez Macrogyrodactylus polypteri, le développement postnatal de l'appareil génital femelle facilite la fécondation croisée chez tous les individus suivant la seconde naissance. La reproduction asexuée maximise la croissance de la population mais la sexualité intervient régulièrement. Gyrdicotylus gallieni, qui parasite la bouche de Xenopus laevis, présente une croissance exceptionnellement lente de la population et les populations parasites sont surtout composées d'individus âgés et sexuellement matures. Isancistrum subulatae, parasite du Calmar Alloteuthis subulata, forme d'importantes populations, mais leur croissance est probablement lente, et la structure d'âge suggère que la sexualité est courante. Chez Gyrodactylus, plusieurs stratégies existent. Gyrodactylus turnbulli, chez les Guppis, a une courte durée de vie et manifeste une mortalité spécifique croissant exponentiellement avec l'âge, de telle sorte que moins d'un pour cent survivent assez longtemps pour donner une troisième naissance. La reproduction est principalement asexuée mais le sexe intervient dans les populations de très fortes densités. Dans la nature la reproduction asexuée prédomine sans doute et cette espèce peut être considérée comme cycliquement parthénogénétique. Chez le saumon, Gyrodactylus salaris, présente des mortalités faibles et 10-15% des survivants se reproduisent sexuellement. Des individus fécondés sont trouvés même dans les faibles infestations et la sexualité est habituelle dans la biologie de cette espèce. Chez

Medical and biological utilization of radioelements in France; Utilisation des radioelements en france dans le domaine de la medecine et de la biologie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Coursaget, J [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1955-07-01

The development of the research about stable and radioactive isotopes uses in biology and medicine started in France in the early years after the second World War. Close collaboration with United States led to the training of an hundred of French medical researchers in US research laboratories, twenty of whom were specifically trained about tracers uses and techniques. Since 1950, the C.N.R.S. and C.E.A. have collaborated to train French researchers to the isotopes methods, interpretation difficulties and precaution measures about radioisotopes manipulations. In the early fifties, the CEA started the radioisotopes production for medical and biology research and applications uses. The clinical uses of isotopes are presented in two main applications: diagnosis uses such as {sup 131}I for diagnosis or functional studies of thyroid gland and therapeutic treatments such as {sup 32}P for leukaemia and other cancer treatments. In a second part, the main studies subjects of basic and applied research are described: physiological and biological studies of the absorption, diffusion and distribution of different molecules as well as membrane permeability in biological systems for medicine and agronomy applications, studies of the incorporation of labelled compounds in biological and organic systems by exchange or synthesis ({sup 32}P is used for renewal studies of the osseous tissue), studies of the mechanism of biochemical reactions ({sup 14}C, {sup 15}N and {sup 35}S are the most used radionuclides) and endocrinology research, in particular, biochemical studies of the thyroid hormones. All these researches and applications encountered financial and delay in radioisotope production for which the CEA provided most of the labelled compounds at reasonable prices. The large development of isotopes applications in diagnosis, therapeutic as well as basic and applied research, leads to increase radionuclides demand and production delays. It discussed the different solutions to facilitate the diffusion and the use of radioisotopes for smaller laboratories structures by intensifying specific training to researchers and increasing the material and human resources. A European collaboration is also considered to facilitate the link between the medicine and biology researchers and the organist chemists who synthesize labelled compounds. (M.P.)

[The presence of charity books in the inventory of the College of Pharmacy].

Science.gov (United States)

Lafont, Olivier

2015-12-01

The inventory of the Library of the College of Pharmacy was redacted in 1781-1782 and was completed in 1787. It contained seven charity books : Toutes les CEuvres Charitables by Philibert Guybert, Les Secrets touchant la Medecine, Le Medecin et le Chirurgien des Pauvres by Paul Dubé, La medecine abbreggée en faveur des Pauvres by the same Paul Dubé, Le Traité des-Maladies les plus fréquentes by Helvetius, Les Remedes faciles & domestiques by Mrs Fouquet, and the Manuel des Dames de Charité by Arnaut de Nobleville and his co-authors. If these seven books were representative of the charity books in France, they only represented 2 percents of the total amount of books mentioned in the inventory. That is not surprising because this kind of books were not redacted for pharmacists but for not educated people. All these books had been published before the middle of the 18th century and the charity books recently published were not present. That comforted the hypothesis that the books of the Library came only from gifts by members of the College at the end of their Professional life.

LA MEDECINE TRADITIONNELLE

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

social! et Ia / culture traditionnelle/ de Ia population qul recourt aux / travailleur auxiliaire ..... influencer le choix du recours a Ia médecine traditionnelle, traverse les trois ...... L'information sur les guérisseurs fournie par les mass-media a Ia po-.

Banking of environmental samples for short-term biochemical and chemical monitoring of organic contamination in coastal marine environments: the GICBEM experience (1986-1990). Groupe Interface Chimie Biologie des Ecosystèmes, Marins.

Science.gov (United States)

Garrigues, P; Narbonne, J F; Lafaurie, M; Ribera, D; Lemaire, P; Raoux, C; Michel, X; Salaun, J P; Monod, J L; Romeo, M

1993-11-01

The GICBEM (Groupe Interface Chimie Biologie des Ecosystèmes Marins) program consists of an evaluation of the ecosystem health status in the Mediterranean Sea mainly based on chemical and biochemical approaches. Specific chemical contaminants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), polychlorobiphenyls (PCB), heavy metals) in waters, sediments, and related biotransformation indicators in target organisms (mussels, fish) have been selected for a complete survey of the coastal waters. In order to provide an appropriate sampling program for standardization for each sampling cruise, various aspects have been studied: (a) parameters for the choice of the sample sites; (b) ways of collection the samples (waters, sediments, marine organisms); and (c) preparation of the samples for a short term storage on board ship and for further analyses in the ground laboratory. Methods of preparation and storage of the samples are described and could be used to initiate an environmental banking program including both possible retrospective analyses of chemical pollutants and biochemical indicators. Moreover, the correlation between chemicals (PAH) and biochemical (mixed function oxygenase activities) parameters has been studied and this demonstrates the capability of the enzyme activities as reliable pollution biomarkers.

Contribution to the study of the biological properties of compounds labeled with radio-chromium {sup 51}Cr; Contribution a l'etude des proprietes biologiques des composes marques au radiochrome {sup 51}Cr

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ingrand, J [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1964-07-15

Among the radioisotopes commonly used in biology and medicine which are controlled Individually in the Radioelement Departement of the Saclay Nuclear Research Centre before being sent to the users, the author has chosen chromium 51 incorporated in inorganic salts or in organic substrates for a study of the biological properties of the compounds. In the first part, he has compared the pathways followed by the radioactive sodium chromate and chromic chloride mixed with blood or given to the whole animal, the object being to determine whether a reduction of hexavalent chromium occurs, both in vitro and in vivo. In the second part, the author has tried to show the validity of using, various substrates labeled with chromium 51, red cells, haemoglobin, plasma proteins and cytochrome c. The results obtained have contributed to underline the interest of using such compounds for biological applications. (author) [French] Parmi les radioisotopes d'utilisation courants en biologie et en medecine qui sont l'objet d'un controle particulier dans le Departement des Radioelements du Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay avant leur diffusion aux utilisateurs, l'auteur a choisi le chrome 51 incorpore a des sels mineraux ou a des substrats organiques, afin d'en etudier les proprietes biologiques. Dans la premiere partie, il a compare le sort du chromate de sodium et du chlorure chromique radioactifs melanges a du sang ou administres a l'animal entier en s'efforcant de mettre en evidence une reduction du chrome hexavalent aussi bien in vitro qu'in vivo. Dans la deuxieme partie, il a cherche a etablir la validite de l'emploi de differents substrats marques au chrome 51, l'hematie, l'hemoglobine, les proteines plasmatiques et le cytochrome c. Les resultats obtenus ont permis de souligner le reel interet des applications biologiques des composes marques par le radioisotope. (auteur)

Libros

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Facultad de Medicina Revista

1952-09-01

Full Text Available Precis de Parasitologie Humaine / Sindromes Pathologiques du Nourrisson et. de L'enfant / Practique Neurnlogique / Precis D'Anatomie / Traite de Medecine / Traite de Therapeutique Chirurgicale

A new class of medicament: radioactivity isotopes (1962); Une nouvelle classe de medicaments: les isotopes radioactifs (1962)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cohen, Y. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1962-07-01

Very many radioelement are used in medicine, either for diagnosis or as therapeutics. The development of medicine has entailed an increase in the number of application of radioactive isotopes. Firstly used in the form of simple inorganic molecules for diagnosis or as anticancer therapeutics, radioelements are now used for labelling organic molecules, allowing functional specific studies of any kind of nature. Their production is made difficult by their radio-active properties. Their pharmaceutical properties, determined by tests and controls, depend either from radiochemistry and from medicine. The author reminds, in this report, the methods for the preparation and analysis, and set out the medical application. (author) [French] De tres nombreux radioelements trouvent une application en medecine humaine, soit dans le diagnostic, soit en therapeutique. L'evolution de la medecine entraine un accroissement du champ d'application des isotopes radioactifs. D'abord utilises sous forme de molecules minerales simples, pour les diagnostics ou des therapeutiques anticancereuses, les radioelements sont maintenant introduits dans des molecules organiques qui permettent des etudes fonctionnelles specifiques de toute nature. Leur fabrication est compliquee par leurs proprietes radioactives. Leurs caracteristiques pharmaceutiques determinees par des essais et controles, sont liees d'une part a la radiochimie, d'autre part a la medecine. L'auteur rappelle, dans cet expose, les methodes de preparation et d'analyse et aborde les applications medicales. (auteur)

A new class of medicament: radioactivity isotopes (1962); Une nouvelle classe de medicaments: les isotopes radioactifs (1962)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cohen, Y [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1962-07-01

Very many radioelement are used in medicine, either for diagnosis or as therapeutics. The development of medicine has entailed an increase in the number of application of radioactive isotopes. Firstly used in the form of simple inorganic molecules for diagnosis or as anticancer therapeutics, radioelements are now used for labelling organic molecules, allowing functional specific studies of any kind of nature. Their production is made difficult by their radio-active properties. Their pharmaceutical properties, determined by tests and controls, depend either from radiochemistry and from medicine. The author reminds, in this report, the methods for the preparation and analysis, and set out the medical application. (author) [French] De tres nombreux radioelements trouvent une application en medecine humaine, soit dans le diagnostic, soit en therapeutique. L'evolution de la medecine entraine un accroissement du champ d'application des isotopes radioactifs. D'abord utilises sous forme de molecules minerales simples, pour les diagnostics ou des therapeutiques anticancereuses, les radioelements sont maintenant introduits dans des molecules organiques qui permettent des etudes fonctionnelles specifiques de toute nature. Leur fabrication est compliquee par leurs proprietes radioactives. Leurs caracteristiques pharmaceutiques determinees par des essais et controles, sont liees d'une part a la radiochimie, d'autre part a la medecine. L'auteur rappelle, dans cet expose, les methodes de preparation et d'analyse et aborde les applications medicales. (auteur)

2018-05-08T12:37:54Z https://www.ajol.info/index.php/all/oai oai:ojs ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie. Casablanca, MAROC; Département de Biologie. Faculté des Sciences Ben M'sik. Casablanca, MAROC. Tissent, Ahmed; Laboratoire de Génie Génétique et Cellulaire. Service d'Hématologie. Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie. Casablanca, MAROC; Département de Biologie.

An exploration of synthetic biology: A preliminary Christian ethical assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of synthetic biology

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Riaan A.L. Rheeder

2014-10-01

’n Verkenning van sintetiese biologie: ’n Voorlopige Christelik-etiese beoordeling van die voor- en nadele van sintetiese biologie. Op 20 Mei 2010 het die Venter-instituut (in Amerika aangekondig dat hulle die genoom van die organisme Mycoplasma mycoides ten volle in vitro gesintetiseer het (deur middel van ’n rekenaar, gekoppel aan ’n masjien wat gene sintetiseer. Die berig het verder gelei dat die genoom daarna teruggeplaas is in die omhulsel van ’n ander organisme (Mycoplasma capricolum − en dat die gesintetiseerde genoom en organisme normaal gefunksioneer het. Hierdie gesintetiseerde organisme word gerekonstrueer om as minuskule fabriek te funksioneer met die doel om brandstof en medisyne te produseer en te sekreer − wat nie die natuurlike funksie van die organisme is nie. Aan hierdie tegnologie is daar ook bepaalde potensiële gevare verbonde. Wetenskaplikes is bang dat hierdie tegnologie mens, dier en omgewing kan kontamineer of infekteer en op dié wyse groot skade kan aanrig − en selfs tot mense se dood kan lei. Ander wetenskaplikes is weer bekommerd dat hierdie tegnologie deur terroriste gebruik kan word om onskuldige burgers dood te maak. Sommige etici is oortuig dat die gevolge van sintetiese biologie tans onvoorspelbaar, en daarom riskant is. Teenoor die potensiële gevare moet gestel word dat sintetiese biologie inderdaad omvangryke positiewe uitkomste soos die vervaardiging van biobrandstof en medisyne tot gevolg kan hê. Meeste wetenskaplikes en etici is van mening dat die potensiële gevare verbonde aan sintetiese biologie beoordeel moet word in die lig van die feit dat genetiese manipulasie in die afgelope 30 jaar geen biologiese ramp veroorsaak het nie. Uit ’n Christelike oogpunt word voorlopig geoordeel dat sintetiese biologie nie ’n onverantwoordelike wetenskap en tegnologie is nie.

The impact of humanitarian context conditions and individual characteristics on aid worker retention

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Korff, Valeska P.; Balbo, Nicoletta; Mills, Melinda; Heyse, Liesbet; Wittek, Rafael

High employee turnover rates constitute a major challenge to effective aid provision. This study examines how features of humanitarian work and aid workers' individual characteristics affect retention within one humanitarian organisation, Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) Holland. The study extends

[Hyperthyroidism in family medecine].

Science.gov (United States)

Bernier, M; Varlet, E

2017-01-01

Hyperthyroidism and sub-hyperthyroidism are common illnesses. Their diagnosis and their treatment are accessible to the general practitioner in the any great majority of the cases. A careful clinical examination already allows to direct the diagnosis. The development is simple and consists of a blood dosage, an ultrasound and sometimes a scintigraphy. Rare cases and severe forms are to be recognized and to refer to specialized centre. The treatment of first intention are betablockers. The comorbidities are cardiovascular (atrial fibrillation mostly) and skeletal (osteoporosis). Considering the increase of cardiovascular risks and the fracture risk in this pathology, the screening is especially indicated for women above 65 years. This screening is simple and little invasive, it consists of the annual dosage of the TSH.

Untitled

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Innovation ct Technologie en lBiologie et Médecinc 11 (1), 38-. 53. HENRY, l). ; CLAUDON, L., ROlBl:RT, M., LEF C.Y. (1993). Détcction de complexes QRS : Unc étude comparative et nouvel algorithme basé sur le test du KHI2. Innovation et lcchnologie en. Biologie et Médecine 14(6), 671-680. LAFORIE, P., LEGRAY, M., ...

[Biochemical markers of bone remodeling: pre-analytical variations and guidelines for their use. SFBC (Société Française de Biologie Clinique) Work Group. Biochemical markers of bone remodeling].

Science.gov (United States)

Garnero, P; Bianchi, F; Carlier, M C; Genty, V; Jacob, N; Kamel, S; Kindermans, C; Plouvier, E; Pressac, M; Souberbielle, J C

2000-01-01

Biochemical markers of bone turnover have been developed over the past 20 years that are more specific for bone tissue than conventional ones such as total alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline. They have been widely used in clinical research and in clinical trials of new therapies as secondary end points of treatment efficacy. Most of the interest has been devoted to their use in postmenopausal osteoporosis, a condition characterized by subtle modifications of bone metabolism that cannot be detected readily by conventional markers of bone turnover. Although several recent studies have suggested that biochemical markers may be used for the management of the individual patient in routine clinical practice, this has not been clearly defined and is a matter of debate. Because of the crucial importance to clarify this issue, the Société Francaise de Biologie Clinique prompted an expert committee to summarize the available data and to make recommendations. The following paper includes a review on the biochemical and analytical aspects of the markers of bone formation and resorption and on the sources of variability such as sex, age, menstrual cycle, pregnancy and lactation, physical activity, seasonal variation and effects of diseases and treatments. We will also describe the effects of pre-analytical factors on the measurements of the different markers. Finally based on that review, we will make practical recommendations for the use of these markers in order to minimize the variability of the measurements and improve the clinical interpretation of the data.

Sex-ratio, stades de maturité, taille de première maturité et facteur ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

La baliste rude, Canthidermis maculata est l'une des espèces accessoires les plus capturées par la pêcherie thonière tropicale sous les objets flottants (DCP) dont les données sur sa biologie de reproduction sont très peu. Certains aspects de la biologie de reproduction du Canthidermis maculata ont été analysés au cours ...

Poorly Performing Physicians: Does the Script Concordance Test Detect Bad Clinical Reasoning?

Science.gov (United States)

Goulet, Francois; Jacques, Andre; Gagnon, Robert; Charlin, Bernard; Shabah, Abdo

2010-01-01

Introduction: Evaluation of poorly performing physicians is a worldwide concern for licensing bodies. The College des Medecins du Quebec currently assesses the clinical competence of physicians previously identified with potential clinical competence difficulties through a day-long procedure called the Structured Oral Interview (SOI). Two peer…

The laser principles and application techniques. 2. ed.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maillet, H.

1986-01-01

Specialists of each field gathered to give a complete overview of laser techniques possibilities. Operation principles, properties and the different kinds of lasers are detailed. Inertial fusion, isotope separation, medecine are part of the laser application fields presented, and application techniques in these fields are described [fr

Author Details

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Evaluation de l'activite antihyperglycemiante de Holarrhena africana, Strophantus hispidus Et Bridelia ferruginea, plantes utilisees dans le traitement du diabete en medecine traditionnelle au Togo Abstract · Vol 17, No 1 (2015) - Articles Distribution et utilites des mauvaises herbes des champs de cultures du campus ...

Rheumatic diseases in the Corpus Hippocraticum

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

G. Squillace

2011-09-01

Full Text Available Medecine of V and IV centuries B.C. attested in the Corpus Hippocraticum ascribes all diseases to the rheuma, i.e. the flux of humours into the body. This flux produces not only the rise of cold, hoarsness, cough, reddenings, dropsy, but also arthritis, sciatica, gout.

Contribution to the study of the biological properties of compounds labeled with radio-chromium {sup 51}Cr; Contribution a l'etude des proprietes biologiques des composes marques au radiochrome {sup 51}Cr

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ingrand, J. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1964-07-15

Among the radioisotopes commonly used in biology and medicine which are controlled Individually in the Radioelement Departement of the Saclay Nuclear Research Centre before being sent to the users, the author has chosen chromium 51 incorporated in inorganic salts or in organic substrates for a study of the biological properties of the compounds. In the first part, he has compared the pathways followed by the radioactive sodium chromate and chromic chloride mixed with blood or given to the whole animal, the object being to determine whether a reduction of hexavalent chromium occurs, both in vitro and in vivo. In the second part, the author has tried to show the validity of using, various substrates labeled with chromium 51, red cells, haemoglobin, plasma proteins and cytochrome c. The results obtained have contributed to underline the interest of using such compounds for biological applications. (author) [French] Parmi les radioisotopes d'utilisation courants en biologie et en medecine qui sont l'objet d'un controle particulier dans le Departement des Radioelements du Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay avant leur diffusion aux utilisateurs, l'auteur a choisi le chrome 51 incorpore a des sels mineraux ou a des substrats organiques, afin d'en etudier les proprietes biologiques. Dans la premiere partie, il a compare le sort du chromate de sodium et du chlorure chromique radioactifs melanges a du sang ou administres a l'animal entier en s'efforcant de mettre en evidence une reduction du chrome hexavalent aussi bien in vitro qu'in vivo. Dans la deuxieme partie, il a cherche a etablir la validite de l'emploi de differents substrats marques au chrome 51, l'hematie, l'hemoglobine, les proteines plasmatiques et le cytochrome c. Les resultats obtenus ont permis de souligner le reel interet des applications biologiques des composes marques par le radioisotope. (auteur)

640-IJBCS-Article-Prof Atse Celestin

African Journals Online (AJOL)

hp

concerne la biologie et l'écologie des. Mugilidae de l'Afrique de l'Ouest en général et en Côte d'Ivoire en particulier. La présente étude se propose de déterminer la biologie de la reproduction de. Mugil cephalus dans les lagunes Ébrié et de. Grand-Lahou à travers la connaissance de la sex-ratio, de la taille de première ...

Processing And Display Of Medical Three Dimensional Arrays Of Numerical Data Using Octree Encoding

Science.gov (United States)

Amans, Jean-Louis; Darier, Pierre

1986-05-01

imaging modalities such as X-Ray computerized Tomography (CT), Nuclear Medecine and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance can produce three-dimensional (3-D) arrays of numerical data of medical object internal structures. The analysis of 3-D data by synthetic generation of realistic images is an important area of computer graphics and imaging.

Author Details

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Evaluation de l'activite antihyperglycemiante de Holarrhena africana, Strophantus hispidus Et Bridelia ferruginea, plantes utilisees dans le traitement du diabete en medecine traditionnelle au Togo Abstract · Vol 16, No 3 (2014) - Articles Effet anti-ulcereux de l'extrait hydroalcoolique D'ecorce de tronc et de racine de Ficus ...

Utilisation de l'essai comete et du biomarqueur gamma-H2AX pour detecter les dommages induits a l'ADN cellulaire par le 5-bromodeoxyuridine post-irradiation

Science.gov (United States)

La Madeleine, Carole

Ce memoire est presente a la Faculte de medecine et des sciences de la sante de l'Universite de Sherbrooke en vue de l'obtention du grade de maitre es sciences (M.Sc.) en radiobiologie (2009). Un jury a revise les informations contenues dans ce memoire. Il etait compose de professeurs de la Faculte de medecine et des sciences de la sante soit : Darel Hunting PhD, directeur de recherche (departement de medecine nucleaire et radiobiologie), Leon Sanche PhD, directeur de recherche (departement de medecine nucleaire et radiobiologie), Richard Wagner PhD, membre du programme (departement de medecine nucleaire et radiobiologie) et Guylain Boissonneault PhD, membre exterieur au programme (departement de biochimie). Le 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), un analogue halogene de la thymidine reconnu depuis les annees 60 comme etant un excellent radiosensibilisateur. L'hypothese la plus repandue au sujet de l'effet radio sensibilisant du BrdU est qu'il augmente le nombre de cassures simple et double brin lorsqu'il est incorpore dans l'ADN de la cellule et expose aux radiations ionisantes. Toutefois, de nouvelles recherches semblent remettre en question les observations precedentes. Ces dernieres etudes ont confirme que le BrdU est un bon radiosensibilisateur, car il augmente les dommages radio-induits dans l'ADN. Mais, c'est en etant incorpore dans une region simple brin que le BrdU radiosensibilise l'ADN. Ces recherches ont egalement revele pour la premiere fois un nouveau type de dommages produits lors de l'irradiation de l'ADN contenant du BrdU : les dimeres interbrins. Le but de ces travaux de recherche est de determiner si la presence de bromodeoxyuridine dans l'ADN augmente l'induction de bris simple et / ou double brin chez les cellules irradiees en utilisant de nouvelles techniques plus sensibles et specifiques que celles utilisees auparavant. Pour ce faire, les essais cometes et la detection des foci H2AX phosphorylee pourraient permettre d'etablir les effets engendres par

Catastrophe medicine; Medecine de catastrophe

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lebreton, A. [Service Technique de l`Energie Electrique et des Grands Barrages (STEEGB), (France)

1996-12-31

The `Catastrophe Medicine` congress which took place in Amiens (France) in December 5 to 7 1996 was devoted to the assessment and management of risks and hazards in natural and artificial systems. The methods of risk evaluation and prevision were discussed in the context of dams accidents with the analysis of experience feedbacks and lessons gained from the organisation of emergency plans. Three round table conferences were devoted to the importance of psychological aspects during such major crises. (J.S.)

[The French medecine pricing committee].

Science.gov (United States)

Giorgi, D

2017-09-01

The French medicine pricing committee (CEPS) has to reconcile several major constraints, including optimal patient access to medicines and a good control of expenditures on reimbursable medicines. From 2013 to 2015, drug price decreases and discounts obtained by CEPS contributed more than € 5 billion to the balance of the health insurance accounts. As for price setting, there is a significant drop in the prices of medicines in France once they are registered for reimbursement. France is affected by a limited, but costly, flow of innovative medicines, whose prices are higher than those of previous generations, a reflection of an international gradient to which France is obviously subject, despite prices that remain at the low end of the range in Western Europe. The provision of innovative medicines for all patients who need them has been ensured in France over the last fifteen years at a controlled cost. But with the arrival of new expensive products, a resolute policy of control of expenditures must take over from the fall in prices, and original financing channels will have to be explored. Copyright © 2017 Académie Nationale de Pharmacie. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

URGENCES ET MEDECINE DE CATASTROPHE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jihane BELAYACHI

2017-05-01

Full Text Available La concentration humaine et urbaine, le développement des technologies , les menaces de destruction et de contamination sont à l’origine d’une prise de conscience de la nécessité d’une assistance civile. L’aide médicale urgente, qui s’affirme et s’oriente vers une médecine de réseau, en partenariat avec toutes les structures concourant à l’urgence, participe à la rationalisation de la politique sociale. Les acteurs de l’aide médicale urgente contribuent ainsi à sauvegarder, tout en l’améliorant, un secteur sanitaire et social qui est désormais l’un des fondements de la démocratie et l’une de ses assises face aux défis du futur.

Nuclear medicine. La medecine nucleaire

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Blanquet, P; Blanc, D

1976-01-01

The applications of radioisotopes in medical diagnostics are briefly reviewed. Each organ system is considered and the Nuclear medicine procedures pertinent to that system are discussed. This includes, the principle of the test, the detector and the radiopharmaceutical used, the procedure followed and the clinical results obtained. The various types of radiation detectors presently employed in Nuclear Medicine are surveyed, including scanners, gamma cameras, positron cameras and procedures for obtaining tomographic presentation of radionuclide distributions.

The Work of Ambroise Tardieu: The First Definitive Description of Child Abuse

Science.gov (United States)

Roche, A.J.; Fortin, G.; Labbe, J.; Brown, J.; Chadwick, D.

2005-01-01

The first important monograph describing the battered child syndrome was written in 1860 by Ambroise Tardieu, a French forensic physician. Here is a translation of his article, published in the Annales d'hygiene publique et de medecine legale, with the title ''Etude medico-legale sur les sevices et mauvais traitements exerces sur des enfants.''…

[An iatrochemist in Lower Canada: François Blanchet and his Research on medicine, or application of chemistry in medicine].

Science.gov (United States)

Castonguay, S

1996-01-01

Francois Blanchet holds a central place in the history of medicine in Lower Canada (now Quebec): a prime mover in the professionalization of French-Canadian physicians, Blanchet was also one of the first Canadians to have studied outside of Canada. While he was in New York, where he studied medicine at Columbia College, he published a book entitled Recherches sur la medecine ou application de la chimie a la medicine. The historiography of Canadian medicine frequently cites this book and presents it as one of the first Canadian medical publications but has not always explored its scientific content. This article therefore examines the medico-chemical aspects of Blanchet's work. Influenced by the Lavoisian revolution in chemistry, Blanchet elaborated a system where etiology and therapy rested on two new elements of nomenclature put forward by French chemists--oxygen and caloric. After examining Blanchet's iatrochemical system, this article compared Recherches sur la medecine with contemporaneous American and European publications in medicine which were themselves inspired by the pneumatic theory of French chemists.

URGENT NEED OF A DOCTOR

CERN Multimedia

2002-01-01

GENEVA PATIENT NOT FIT TO BE MOVED: Call your family doctor  Or SOS MEDECINS (24H/24H) Or ASSOC. MEDECINS DE GENEVE (7H-23H) 022 748-49-50 022 322-20-20 PATIENT CAN BE MOVED: HOPITAL CANTONAL 24 Micheli du Crest  022 372-33-11 / 022 382-33-11 URGENCES PEDIATRIQUES  30 Bd de la Cluse  022 382-45-55  MATERNITY 24 Micheli du Crest  022 382-68-16 / 022 382-33-11 CLINIQUE OPHTALMOLOGIQUE 22 Alcide Jentzer  022 382-84-00 HOPITAL DE LA TOUR  Meyrin  022 719-61-11 URGENCES ADULTES  Meyrin  022 719-66-80  URGENCES : AMBULANCE (GENEVE ET VAUD) : 144 FIRE BRIGADE CERN 767-44-44  FIRE BRIGADE 118 POLICE 117 CENTRE ANTI-POISON 24H/24H  01-251-51-510 APPEL D'URGENCE EUROPEEN 112 FRANCE PATIENT NOT FIT TO BE MOVED: Call your family doctor (ou­or 15) PATIENT CAN BE MOVED: HOPITAL DE ST. JULIEN  Rue Amédée VIII de Savoie&a...

Prevent troubles due to retirement

CERN Multimedia

Raymond,J

1983-01-01

Le Docteur J.Raymond, medecin d'une institution hospitalière pour personnes agées, fait référence au Dr.Tournier (voir AUDIO-1983-008) et a pour thème: prévenir les troubles physiques et psychologiques liés à la retraite, étape à laquelle nous devons forcément aboutir.

ecodistribution des tabanides, glossines et stomoxes le long d'un ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

zinga

humaine: sérologie IgG4 et PCR nichée. Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie. Exotique, 92: 167-170. Toure FS, Kassambara L, Williams T, Bain O,. Millet P. 1998. Human occult loasis: improvement in diagnostic sensitivity by the use of polymerase chain reaction. American Journal of Tropical Medecine and Hygiene, 59: ...

[Around biological evolution. Reflections of a physicist].

Science.gov (United States)

Sanchez-Palencia, Evariste

2016-01-01

This text is the written version of a talk at the Société de Biologie on February 17, 2016. It contains reflections of a non-biologist scientist on general problems of biological evolution, including the kind of causality involved, the ideas emerging from it, in particular the constructive and structuring character of phenomena such as predation, the role of stability and attractors. This leads to a larger reflection on dialectics, the general framework of evolving processes, which overpasses formal logic and instantaneousness. © Société de Biologie, 2016.

Signature of the C.E.B.M. accord

CERN Multimedia

Spuhler

1969-01-01

Le Conseiller Féderal prend la parole. Pendant la cérémonie plusieurs délégués, qui ont été habilités par leur gouvernement, signent l'accord instituant la conférence européenne de biologie moléculaire pour le développement dans le domaine de la biologie. Il s'agit des pays suivants: Autriche-Danemark-Espagne-France-Grèce-Italie-Norvège-Pays Bas-Allemagne-Royaume Uni de Grande-Bretagne et l'Irlande du Nord-Suède

WEST AFRICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Usage Abusif d'Alcool Chez Des Medecins dans un Hopital Tertiaire du Nigeria ... mois précédant était associée à 1 statut de cas selon le GHQ-12 ..... other drug problems among physicians. JAMA. 1986; 255: 1913–1920. 8. Niven RG, Hurt RD, Morse RM,. Swenson WM. Alcoholism in physicians. Mayo Clin Proc. 1984; 59:.

Bildanalyse in Medizin und Biologie

Science.gov (United States)

Athelogou, Maria; Schönmeyer, Ralf; Schmidt, Günther; Schäpe, Arno; Baatz, Martin; Binnig, Gerd

Heutzutage sind bildgebende Verfahren aus medizinischen Untersuchungen nicht mehr wegzudenken. Diverse Methoden - basierend auf dem Einsatz von Ultraschallwellen, Röntgenstrahlung, Magnetfeldern oder Lichtstrahlen - werden dabei spezifisch eingesetzt und liefern umfangreiches Datenmaterial über den Körper und sein Inneres. Anhand von Mikroskopieaufnahmen aus Biopsien können darüber hinaus Daten über die morphologische Eigenschaften von Körpergeweben gewonnen werden. Aus der Analyse all dieser unterschiedlichen Arten von Informationen und unter Konsultation weiterer klinischer Untersuchungen aus diversen medizinischen Disziplinen kann unter Berücksichtigung von Anamnesedaten ein "Gesamtbild“ des Gesundheitszustands eines Patienten erstellt werden. Durch die Flut der erzeugten Bilddaten kommt der Bildverarbeitung im Allgemeinen und der Bildanalyse im Besonderen eine immer wichtigere Rolle zu. Gerade im Bereich der Diagnoseunterstützung, der Therapieplanung und der bildgeführten Chirurgie bilden sie Schlüsseltechnologien, die den Forschritt nicht nur auf diesen Gebieten maßgeblich vorantreiben.

Urgent need of a doctor

CERN Multimedia

2003-01-01

GENEVE PATIENT NOT FIT TO BE MOVED: Call your family doctor Or: SOS MEDECINS (24H/24H) 022 748-49-50 Or: ASSOC. MEDECINS DE GENEVE (07H-23H) 022 322-20-20 PATIENT CAN BE MOVED: • HOPITAL CANTONAL 24 Micheli du Crest 022 372-33-11 / 022 382-33-11 URGENCES PEDIATRIQUES 30 Bd de la Cluse 022 382-45-55 MATERNITY 24 Micheli du Crest 022 382-68-16 / 022 382-33-11 CLINIQUE OPHTALMOLOGIQUE 22 Alcide Jentzer 022 382-84-00 • HOPITAL DE LA TOUR Meyrin 022 719-61-11 EMERGENCIES ADULTES Meyrin 022 719-66-80 EMERGENCIES: AMBULANCES (GENEVE AND VAUD) 144 FIRE BRIGADE CERN 022 767-44-44 FIRE BRIGADE 118 POLICE 117 CENTRE ANTI-POISON (24H/24H): 01-251-51-51 EUROPEAN EMERGENCY CALL: 112 FRANCE PATIENT NOT FIT TO BE MOVED: Call your family doctor (or 15) PATIENT CAN BE MOVED: • HOPITAL DE ST. JULIEN rue Amédée VIII de Savoie 04-50-49-65-65 EMERGENCIES rue Amédée VIII de Savoie 04-50-49-65-83 MATERNITY r...

Urgent Need of a Doctor outside of CERN

CERN Document Server

2004-01-01

GENEVA PATIENT NOT FIT TO BE MOVED: Call your family doctor Or: SOS MEDECINS (24H/24H) 022 748-49-50 Or: ASSOC. MEDECINS DE GENEVE (07H-23H) 022 322-20-20 PATIENT CAN BE MOVED: • HOPITAL CANTONAL 24 Micheli du Crest 022 372-33-11 / 022 382-33-11 PAEDIATRIC EMERGENCIES 30 Bd de la Cluse 022 382-45-55 MATERNITY 24 Micheli du Crest 022 382-68-16 / 022 382-33-11 CLINIQUE OPHTALMOLOGY 22 Alcide Jentzer 022 382-84-00 • HOPITAL DE LA TOUR Meyrin 022 719-61-11 EMERGENCIES ADULTS Meyrin 022 719-66-80 EMERGENCIES: AMBULANCE (GENEVE AND VAUD) 144 FIRE BRIGADE 118 POLICE 117 ANTI POISON CENTRE (24H/24H) 01-251-51-51 EUROPEAN EMERGENCY CALL  112 REMINDER: For all accidents, incidents, emergencies etc. ON CERN PREMISES: FIRE BRIGADE CERN 022 767-44-44 FRANCE PATIENT NOT FIT TO BE MOVED: Call your family doctor (or 15) PATIENT CAN BE MOVED: • HOPITAL DE ST. JULIEN Rue Amédée VIII de Savoie 04-50-49-65-65 EMERG...

Urgent Need of a Doctor

CERN Multimedia

2004-01-01

GENEVE PATIENT NOT FIT TO BE MOVED: Call your family doctor Or: SOS MEDECINS (24H/24H) 022 748-49-50 Or: ASSOC. MEDECINS DE GENEVE (07H-23H) 022 322-20-20 PATIENT CAN BE MOVED: • HOPITAL CANTONAL 24 Micheli du Crest 022 372-33-11 / 022 382-33-11 PAEDIATRIC EMERGENCIES 30 Bd de la Cluse 022 382-45-55 MATERNITY 24 Micheli du Crest 022 382-68-16 / 022 382-33-11 CLINIQUE OPHTALMOLOGY 22 Alcide Jentzer 022 382-84-00 • HOPITAL DE LA TOUR Meyrin 022 719-61-11 EMERGENCIES ADULTS Meyrin 022 719-66-80 EMERGENCIES: AMBULANCE (GENEVE AND VAUD) 144 FIRE BRIGADE 118 FIRE BRIGADE CERN 022 767-44-44 POLICE 117 ANTI POISON CENTRE (24H/24H) 01-251-51-51 EUROPEAN EMERGENCY CALL  112 FRANCE PATIENT NOT FIT TO BE MOVED: Call your family doctor (or 15) PATIENT CAN BE MOVED: • HOPITAL DE ST. JULIEN Rue Amédée VIII de Savoie 04-50-49-65-65 EMERGENCIES Rue Amédée VIII de Savoie 04.50-49-65-83 MATERNITY Rue Am&...

Urgent Need of a Doctor

CERN Multimedia

2004-01-01

GENEVE PATIENT NOT FIT TO BE MOVED: Call your family doctor Or: SOS MEDECINS (24H/24H) 022 748-49-50 Or: ASSOC. MEDECINS DE GENEVE (07H-23H) 022 322-20-20 PATIENT CAN BE MOVED: • HOPITAL CANTONAL 24 Micheli du Crest 022 372-33-11 / 022 382-33-11 PAEDIATRIC EMERGENCIES 30 Bd de la Cluse 022 382-45-55 MATERNITY 24 Micheli du Crest 022 382-68-16 / 022 382-33-11 CLINIQUE OPHTALMOLOGY 22 Alcide Jentzer 022 382-84-00 • HOPITAL DE LA TOUR Meyrin 022 719-61-11 EMERGENCIES ADULTS Meyrin 022 719-66-80 EMERGENCIES: AMBULANCE (GENEVE AND VAUD) 144 FIRE BRIGADE 118 FIRE BRIGADE CERN 022 767-44-44 POLICE 117 ANTI POISON CENTRE (24H/24H) 01-251-51-51 EUROPEAN EMERGENCY CALL  112 FRANCE PATIENT NOT FIT TO BE MOVED: Call your family doctor (or 15) PATIENT CAN BE MOVED: • HOPITAL DE ST. JULIEN Rue Amédée VIII de Savoie 04-50-49-65-65 EMERGENCIES Rue Amédée VIII de Savoie 04.50-49-65-83 MATERNITY Rue Am...

HBA1c: clinical and biological agreement for standardization of assay methods. Report by the experts of ALFEDIAM (Association de Langue Française pour lEtude du Diabète et des Maladies Métabolique) and SFBC (Société Française de Biologie Clinique).

Science.gov (United States)

Gillery, P; Bordas-Fonfrède, M; Chapelle, J P; Drouin, P; Hue, G; Lévy-Marchal, C; Périer, C; Sélam, J L; Slama, G; Thivolet, C; Vialettes, B

1999-09-01

Glycohaemoglobin, and particularly haemoglobin A1c(HbA1c), assays have been used for many years to retrospectively evaluate the glycaemic control of diabetic patients. Cut-off values have been established for deciding treatment modifications. The techniques used in the laboratories however exhibit varying quality, and all of them are not yet standardized. The consequence is an under-utilization of this test, especially in non-hospital practice. In this context, working groups of Société Française de Biologie Clinique (SFBC), Association de Langue Française pour l'Etude du Diabète et des Maladies Métaboliques (ALFEDIAM) and Société Française d'Endocrinologie (SFE) have met together, in order to analyze the national status, and to propose practical recommendations for implementing a standardization process on the basis of international experiences. It is recommended to exclusively express results as HbA1c percentage, using methods standardized and certified by comparison to reference methods such as those using Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) values. Simultaneously, contacts have been established with manufacturers, and the realisation of periodic quality control surveys was encouraged.

Citations des ressources électroniques dans les publications scientifiques : analyse comparée et stratégie des liens

OpenAIRE

Chartron , Ghislaine; Caillon , Elisabeth

2008-01-01

International audience; Cette communication s'intéresse aux nouvelles dimensions de la citation dans les textes scientifiques dans le contexte numérique. A l'appui d'une étude exploratoire quantitative menée fin 2007 et début 2008 dans le domaine de la biologie moléculaire, de la physique appliquée et de l'économie-gestion, les résultats montrent une faible intégration de ressources Web dans les textes (en dehors des versions en ligne des vecteurs traditionnels), sauf pour la biologie molécul...

C:\\Users\\AISA\\Desktop\\DIOP F. T..xps

African Journals Online (AJOL)

AISA

1Ecole Inter-Etats des sciences et medecine Vétérinaires (EISMV) BP 5077 Dakar Sénégal. E-mail : diopthiouba@yahoo. ... pour la recherche du bois et 2 h pour la cuisson d'un repas contre (67,25 %) de ménages sans biodigesteurs qui y consacraient 2 à 6 h par .... Cette méthode consiste à mener une étude comparative ...

[Emergency medecine : myths in hospital care].

Science.gov (United States)

Maillard, Alain; Beysard, Nicolas

2017-08-09

Many of our medical procedures are conditioned by beliefs or experiences by our mentors, which we pass on to the younger, for example: gradually emptying a full bladder to avoid hypotension or haemorrhage, hydrating the alcoholic so that the blood alcohol level decreases faster, always obtaining an arterial blood gas instead of a venous one and not injecting iodinated intravenous contrast in patients allergic to shellfish.

Metrolab a saisi l'opportunite de l'imagerie medicale

CERN Multimedia

Peclet, J C

2003-01-01

"Le Prix Nobel de medecine a ete decerne lundi a Paul Lauterbur et Peter Mansfield, dont les recherches ont abouti au developpement de l'imagerie par resonance magnetique nucleaire (IRM).... Ces appareils ne fonctionnent correctement que si leur champ magnetique est absolument homogene. Et c'est ici qu'intervient une petite societe genevoise, Metrolab, leader mondial dans la fabrication de magnetometres RMN, qui mesurent tres exactement cette homogeneite" (1/2 page).

Urgent need of a doctor

CERN Document Server

2003-01-01

GENEVE PATIENT NOT FIT TO BE MOVED: Call your family doctor Or : SOS MEDECINS (24H/24H) 022 748-49-50 Or : ASSOC. MEDECINS DE GENEVE (07H-23H) 022 322-20-20 PATIENT CAN BE MOVED: HOPITAL CANTONAL 24 Micheli du Crest 022 372-33-11 / 022 382-33-11 EMERGENCIES PEDIATRIQUES 30 Bd de la Cluse 022 382-45-55 MATERNITY 24 Micheli du Crest 022 382-68-16 / 022 382-33-11 CLINIQUE OPHTALMOLOGIQUE 22 Alcide Jentzer 022 382-84-00 HOPITAL DE LA TOUR Meyrin 022 719-61-11 EMERGENCIES ADULTS Meyrin 022 719-66-80 EMERGENCIES: AMBULANCES (GENEVE ET VAUD) 144 FIRE BRIGADE CERN 022 767-44-44 FIRE BRIGADE 118 POLICE 117 CENTRE ANTI-POISON 24H/24H: 01-251-51-51 EUROPEAN EMERGENCY CALL : 112 FRANCE PATIENT NOT FIT TO BE MOVED: Call your family doctor (or 15) PATIENT CAN BE MOVED: HOPITAL DE ST. JULIEN rue Amédée VIII de Savoie 04-50-49-65-65 EMERGENCIES rue Amédée VIII de Savoie 04-50-49-65-83 MATERNITY rue Amédée VIII de Savoie 04-50-49-66-07 HOPITAL D'ANNEMASSE 1...

URGENT NEED OF A DOCTOR

CERN Multimedia

2003-01-01

GENEVE PATIENT NOT FIT TO BE MOVED: Call your family doctor Or: SOS MEDECINS (24H/24H) 022 748-49-50 Or: ASSOC. MEDECINS DE GENEVE (07H-23H) 022 322-20-20 PATIENT CAN BE MOVED: HOPITAL CANTONAL 24 Micheli du Crest 022 372-33-11 / 022 382-33-11 EMERGENCIES PEDIATRIQUES 30 Bd de la Cluse 022 382-45-55 MATERNITY 24 Micheli du Crest 022 382-68-16 / 022 382-33-11 CLINIQUE OPHTALMOLOGIQUE 22 Alcide Jentzer 022 382-84-00 HOPITAL DE LA TOUR Meyrin 022 719-61-11 EMERGENCIES ADULTES Meyrin 022 719-66-80 EMERGENCIES: AMBULANCES (GENEVE ET VAUD) 144 FIRE BRIGADE CERN 022 767-44-44 FIRE BRIGADE 118 POLICE 117 CENTRE ANTI-POISON: 24H/24H 01-251-51-51 EUROPEAN EMERGENCY CALL: 112 FRANCE PATIENT NOT FIT TO BE MOVED: Call your family doctor (or 15) PATIENT CAN BE MOVED: HOPITAL DE ST. JULIEN rue Amédée VIII de Savoie 04-50-49-65-65 EMERGENCIES rue Amédée VIII de Savoie 04-50-49-65-83 MATERNITY rue Amédée VIII de Savoie 04-50-49-66-07 HOPITAL D'ANNEMASSE 17 r...

Biomimicry : Biologie als ontwerp- en innovatietool

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Schumer-Huurman, A.E. (Annette)

2012-01-01

Biomimicry fascineert. En wel op een manier die totaal verschillend en veel sterker is dan andere gebieden van onderzoek en ontwikkeling. Dit komt ondermeer tot uiting in het aantal publicaties en artikelen in wetenschappelijke en semiwetenschappelijke uitgaven, die vrijwel altijd gepaard gaan met

Big Bang 2 Physik : Schülerbuch

CERN Document Server

Apolin, Martin

2016-01-01

Physiaklisches Wissen aufbereitet in leicht verständlicher Sprache ; ausgehend von kompetenzorientierten Fragen zu interessanten Antworten ; spannende Bezüge zum Alltag mit Themen aus Sport, Biologie und Medizin.

U. S. Naval Forces, Vietnam Monthly Historical Supplement for February 1967

Science.gov (United States)

1967-04-16

one of vhich set her fuel tanks on fire. River Patrol Boats (PBRs) in the area and MSB 49^ companion boat, MSB 51» returned the enemy outburst...Following the violent explosion, a companion boat» MSB 22, picked up five survivors from the water, four of whom vere wounded. The injured were evacuated...staffing has been prevalent and the procurement of supplies extremely difficult« Sometimes the hospital director (called the Medecin Chef ) has not

Aozan: an automated post-sequencing data-processing pipeline.

Science.gov (United States)

Perrin, Sandrine; Firmo, Cyril; Lemoine, Sophie; Le Crom, Stéphane; Jourdren, Laurent

2017-07-15

Data management and quality control of output from Illumina sequencers is a disk space- and time-consuming task. Thus, we developed Aozan to automatically handle data transfer, demultiplexing, conversion and quality control once a run has finished. This software greatly improves run data management and the monitoring of run statistics via automatic emails and HTML web reports. Aozan is implemented in Java and Python, supported on Linux systems, and distributed under the GPLv3 License at: http://www.outils.genomique.biologie.ens.fr/aozan/ . Aozan source code is available on GitHub: https://github.com/GenomicParisCentre/aozan . aozan@biologie.ens.fr. © The Author (2017). Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com

URGENT NEED OF A DOCTOR

CERN Document Server

2003-01-01

GENEVE PATIENT NOT FIT TO BE MOVED: Call your family doctor Or : SOS MEDECINS (24H/24H) 022 748-49-50 Or : ASSOC. MEDECINS DE GENEVE (07H-23H) 022 322-20-20 PATIENT CAN BE MOVED: HOPITAL CANTONAL 24 Micheli du Crest 022 372-33-11 / 022 382-33-11 EMERGENCIES PEDIATRIQUES 30 Bd de la Cluse 022 382-45-55 MATERNITY 24 Micheli du Crest 022 382-68-16 / 022 382-33-11 CLINIQUE OPHTALMOLOGIQUE 22 Alcide Jentzer 022 382-84-00 HOPITAL DE LA TOUR Meyrin 022 719-61-11 EMERGENCIES ADULTES Meyrin 022 719-66-80 EMERGENCIES: AMBULANCES (GENEVE ET VAUD) 144 FIRE BRIGADE CERN 022 767-44-44 FIRE BRIGADE 118 POLICE 117 CENTRE ANTI-POISON: 24H/24H 01-251-51-51 EUROPEAN EMERGENCY CALL: 112 FRANCE PATIENT NOT FIT TO BE MOVED: Call your family doctor (or 15) PATIENT CAN BE MOVED: HOPITAL DE ST. JULIEN rue Amédée VIII de Savoie 04-50-49-65-65 EMERGENCIES rue Amédée VIII de Savoie 04-50-49-65-83 MATERNITY rue Amédée VIII de Savoie 04-50-49-66-07 HOPITAL D'ANNEMASSE 17 rue du Jura, Ambilly 04-50-87-47-47 EMERGENCIES 17 rue...

Heermoes bestrijden : voorlopig nog oude middelen nodig

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Weide, van der R.Y.; Slabbekoorn, J.J.

2001-01-01

De biologie van het moeilijk te bestrijden onkruid heermoes of 'paardestaart' (o.a. morfologie, reproductie); de effectiviteit tegen heermoes van een aantal bestrijdingsmiddelen (waaronder een aantal moderne herbiciden); het meest geschikte toepassingstijdstip; alternatieve bestrijdingsmethoden

1411-IJBCS-Article-Hounnankpon Yedomonhan

African Journals Online (AJOL)

KODJIO NORBERT

1Département de Biologie Végétale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques,. Université .... Les informations sur le « diagnostic des maladies ..... (VIH). Décoction. (or). Evolvulus alsinioides. Droman. Convolulaceae ..... Recherches botaniques.

Dynamique de nanobulles et nanoplasmas generes autour de nanoparticules plasmoniques irradiees par des impulsions ultracourtes

Science.gov (United States)

Dagallier, Adrien

L'emergence des lasers a impulsion ultrabreves et des nanotechnologies a revolutionne notre perception et notre maniere d'interagir avec l'infiniment petit. Les gigantesques intensites generees par ces impulsions plus courtes que les temps de relaxation ou de diffusion du milieu irradie induisent de nombreux phenomenes non-lineaires, du doublement de frequence a l'ablation, dans des volumes de dimension caracteristique de l'ordre de la longueur d'onde du laser. En biologie et en medecine, ces phenomenes sont utilises a des fins d'imagerie multiphotonique ou pour detruire des tissus vivants. L'introduction de nanoparticules plasmoniques, qui concentrent le champ electromagnetique incident dans des regions de dimensions nanometriques, jusqu'a une fraction de la longueur d'onde, amplifie les phenomenes non-lineaires tout en offrant un controle beaucoup plus precis de la deposition d'energie, ouvrant la voie a la detection de molecules individuelles en solution et a la nanochirurgie. La nanochirurgie repose principalement sur la formation d'une bulle de vapeur a proximite d'une membrane cellulaire. Cette bulle de vapeur perce la membrane de maniere irreversible,entrainant la cellule a sa mort, ou la perturbe temporairement, ce qui permet d'envisager de faire penetrer dans la cellule des medicaments ou des brins d'ADN pour de la therapie genique. C'est principalement la taille de la bulle qui va decider de l'issue de l'irradiation laser. Il est donc necessaire de controler finement les parametres du laser et la geometrie de la nanoparticule afin d'atteindre l'objectif fixe. Le moyen le plus direct a l'heure actuelle de valider un ensemble de conditions experimentales est de realiser l'experience en laboratoire,ce qui est long et couteux. Les modeles de dynamique de bulle existants ne prennent pas en compte les parametres de l'irradiation et ajustent souvent leurs conditions initiales a partir de leurs mesures experimentales, ce qui limite la portee du modele au cas pour

La CPE-Can forge des liens et place les étudiants au premier rang ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Canada (CPE-Can) :Dre Margot ParkesDepartment of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, CanadaDre Johanne Saint-CharlesCentre de recherche interdisciplinaire sur la biologie, la santé, la société et ...

Mittheilungen über Scyphomedusen I

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Stiasny, G.

1921-01-01

Hiemit beabsichtige ich eine Reihe kleinerer Mittheilungen über Semaeostomeen und Rhizostomeen des Rijksmuseums van Natuurlijke Historie in Leiden zu veröffentlichen, welche die Systematik, Biologie, Entwicklungsgeschichte und Anatomie verschiedener Scyphomedusen behandeln. Die vorliegenden beiden

Federal funds for the health sequelae of uranium mining. Legal and political aspects

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Breuer, J.

1994-01-01

The industrial safety and insurance associations (ISIA) have always pointed to the fact that occupational medecine services and entitled benefit payments are to be secured and continued for this group. Within the framework of the 1st Act on the Implementation of the programme for savings, consolidation and growth (1st SKWPG) the Federal Government has clearly regulated the responsiblilities of the ISIA's and the Federal Government relative to funding. The author highlights the political background and the legal bases for this act. (orig./HP) [de

Evolusie: Die misverstand tussen teologie en biologie

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

P. J. van Dyk

1993-01-01

Full Text Available Evolution: The misunderstanding between theology and biology Theological reaction to the theory of biological evolution ranged from an outright rejection to positive acceptance. Both these extreme viewpoints are, however, often mistaken in their basic assumptions. Rejection of evolution is often based on fundamentalist preconceptions th a t are both unnecessary and inconsistent with the Bible. On the other hand, acceptance of the theory of evolution is often based on an idealistic definition of evolution that is incongruous with the materialistic definition used by biologists.

Zur Biologie von Paramphiascella fulvofasciata (Copepoda, Harpacticoida)

Science.gov (United States)

Dahms, Hans-Uwe

1986-09-01

The benthic harpacticoid copepod Paramphiascella fulvofasciata Rosenfield & Coull was collected from holdfasts of Laminaria hyperborea from a subtidal area of Helgoland (North Sea). All developmental stages of P. fulvofasciata are raptorial feeders. The feeding of the nauplii is advanced by a marginal setule-crest of the labrum which prevents food-particles from being swept away. The oral appendages of the copepodites circumscribe a frustal space ventral to the mouth which facilitates uptake of food-particles. The nauplii are not able to swim and perform stalking movements with their antennal endopodites. Good swimming ability as well as digging-in-behaviour and negative phototaxis of the copepodites indicate epi- as well as inbenthic mode of life. Several life-cycle characters are described. Precopula lasts ca. one day. The mean egg-number is 27, and mean egg-diameter is 87 × 75 µm. The number of nauplii per egg (double)-sac amounts to 25 30. Developmental time at 19°C is 6 9 days (nauplii) and 20 24 days (copepodites). The whole developmental period lasts 28 days. The maximal lifespan in the laboratory is 193 days. Sex-ratio is almost balanced. Females produce egg-sacs more than 3.5 times during their life period. Seasonal effects on reproductive activity have not been detected in laboratory cultures.

Zur Biologie des marinen Heterotardigraden Tetrakentron synaptae

Science.gov (United States)

Kristensen, R. M.

1980-06-01

The life cycle of Tetrakentron synaptae Cuénot, 1892, a tardigrade closely associated with the sea cucumber Leptosynapta galliennei Herapath, was investigated in the littoral zone at Roscoff (France). Eggs and juveniles were found only in June and July, adults only from May to October. There are vagile males and stationary dwarf males. The dorsoventrally flattened body, an enlarged slimy epicuticle in females and dwarf males, the full set of claws also in juveniles, and the anus, which is in a dorsocaudal position, are indicative for an epizoic, sessile life. There is strong evidence that T. synaptae punctures the cells of L. galliennei and sucks out their content, which is indicative of parasitism.

Evolusie: Die misverstand tussen teologie en biologie

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Reeds in 1830 publiseer Charles Leyll sy siening oor uniformitarianisme waarin hy, op grond van geologiese data, beweer dat die aarde miljoene jare oud is en deur geieidelike prosesse oor eeue been ontwikkel het. Hierdie siening het die weg gebaan vir Darwin se teorie oor biologiese evolusie. (Hickman, Roberts ...

Journal of Biosciences | Indian Academy of Sciences

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

4. Faculté de Pharmacie, 27, Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France; CNRS Délégation Régionale Languedoc-Roussillon, 34293 Montpellier, France; Faculté de Médecine Xavier -Bichat, 75870 Paris, France; Institut de Biologie ...

2570-IJBCS-Article-Kouakou Egnon K N

African Journals Online (AJOL)

hp

1 Laboratoire de Nutrition et Pharmacologie, UFR Biosciences,. Université ... Ces résultats pourraient présager une pathologie ou une perturbation du métabolisme nutritionnel de ces organes ..... Annales de Biologie Clinique, 62: 165-. 175.

CoPEH-Can forges links and places students in the forefront | CRDI ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Can):Dr Margot Parkes, Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, CanadaDr Johanne Saint-Charles, Centre de recherche interdisciplinaire sur la biologie, la santé, la société et l'environnement (Centre for Interdisciplinary ...

SOME ASPECTS OF THE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Key Words: Callosobruchus maculatus, developmental period, soya bean, Azadirachta indica, Citrus sinensis. ASPECTS DE LA BIOLOGIE ET DU CONTROLE DU CALLOSOBRUCHUS MACULATUS (F.) SUR LA CONSERVATION DES GRAINES DE SOJA DES VARIETES GLYCINE MAX (L.) MERR NOTE DE SYNTHESE

174 An International Multi-Disciplinary Journal, Ethiopia Vol. 4 (1 ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

FIRST LADY

Introduction. It has been reported (Vanderkloot, 1955) that the central nervous system (CNS) ..... Amines biogenes et activitè électrique spontanee du systemè ... Comptes rendus des séances de la societe de biologie (Paris), 164:1225-. 1227.

THE REHABILITATION MANAGEMENT OF LYMPHEDEMA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

OJOGA Florina

2015-05-01

Full Text Available Lymphedema is an important pathology for rehabilitation medecine, especially for the patients who underwent a mastectomy for breast cancer. His frequency is higher when mastectomy is combined with lymph node disection and irradiation of the lymph nodes. Symptoms include heaviness, numbness, pain, stiffness and weakness in the affected limb. Complications of lymphedema include infections such as cellulitis, erysipelas and lymphangitis. Treatment must be instituted as soon as possible and preventive measures are essential. The rehabilitation treatment consists of skin care measures, manual lymphatic massage, elastic compression of the affected limb and kinetotherapy.

(Pisces, Cichlidae) dans la forêt des marais Tanoé-Ehy

African Journals Online (AJOL)

SARAH

Boigny, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d'Ivoire. (2) Laboratoire de Biologie et de Cytologie Animale, UFR-Sciences de la Nature, Université Nangui Abrogoua, 02 BP 801. Abidjan 02, Côte d'Ivoire. (3) Centre Suisse de ...

Antioxidant property of wild and farmed sea bream (Sparus aurata ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

ajl yemi

2011-12-26

Dec 26, 2011 ... 4Département de Biologie 05/UR-09/05 “Physiologie et Ecophysiologie des organismes aquatiques” .... is the presence of deoxyribose but without test compounds and Ac, ..... Kris-Etherton P M, Harris W S, Appel L J (2003).

NILOTICUS (LINNAEUS, 1758) EFFETS DE L'HORMONE : 17-A ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Effets de l'hormone sur les performances zootechniques des souches ... et de Biologie Aquatique (LEBA), UFR des Sciences et Gestion de .... Des pêches de contrôle hebdomadaire de croissance ... chaque happa ont fait l'objet de mesure de.

[Development of nursing pratice in family medecine groups].

Science.gov (United States)

D'Amour, Danielle; Goudreau, Johanne; Hudon, Eveline; Beaulieu, Marie-Dominique; Lamothe, Lise; Jobin, Guy; Gilbert, Frédéric

2008-01-01

The purpose of the study was to analyze the development of nursing practice in family medicine groups (FMGs). The two-year case study consisted of 73 semi-directed interviews ofnurses, physicians and managers in five FMGs. The findings led to three main observations: nursing practice varies considerably from one FMG to another, the development of nurses' practice seems to be associated with the development of a collaborative relationship, and the satisfaction of the professionals in the FMG, nurses in particular, depends on the type of practice. It is important to implement measures to encourage the optimal use ofnurses' skills in a FMG.

Evénement Diversité - "Le Cerveau a-t-il un sexe ?" - C. Vidal

CERN Multimedia

CERN. Geneva

2013-01-01

L'objectif de cette conférence est de donner à comprendre le rôle de la biologie mais aussi l'influence de l'environnement social et culturel dans la construction de nos identités de femmes et d'hommes.

Case series

African Journals Online (AJOL)

abp

13 sept. 2017 ... Abdellah, Fès, Maroc, 3Pôle de Biologie Médicale, Hôpital Militaire Moulay Ismail ..... augmentation de la fréquence des EBLSE dans notre formation ou .... thérapeutiques et entretient une hausse continue de la prescription.

Vztahy mezi produkcí semen a vybranými ekologickými charakteristikami v čeledi Scrophulariaceae

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Šerá, Božena

2001-01-01

Roč. 36, č. 18 (2001), s. 73-85 ISSN 0032-7786. [Biologie rostlinných druhů. Praha, 04.12.1998-05.12.1998] Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z6087904 Keywords : seed production * Scrophulariaceae * comparative ecology Subject RIV: EF - Botanics

The Experimental Biology in Czechoslovakia in 20th Century

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Janko, Jan

12, supplementum 1, - (2003), s. 53 ISSN 1212- 5083 . [Moderne Biologie: Möglichkeiten und Risiken, Hoffnung und Bedrohung. Prag, 05.05.2001-08.05.2001] Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z8077915 Keywords : Czechoslovakia * history of life sciences Subject RIV: AB - History

Journal of Genetics | Indian Academy of Sciences

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Station de Recherches Avicoles, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS, Laboratoire Populations, Génétique et Evolution, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France; CNRS, Laboratoire Biométrie, Biologie Evolutive, Université de Lyon I, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France ...

Taking Care of What We Have : Participatory Natural Resource ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Oswaldo Morales est administrateur de projet et chercheur communautaire pour CAMPlab. Roberto Rigby étudie la biologie marine au Centre de recherches marines à La Havane, à Cuba. Bertha Simmons est coordonnatrice du projet CAMPlab. Eduardo Tinkam est chercheur communautaire pour le projet CAMPlab.

Sereniteit met een dip

NARCIS (Netherlands)

dr Ed de Jonge

2015-01-01

Boekbespreking van Serendipiteit. De ongezochte vondst. Het boek opent met een verzameling van citaten die direct of indirect met het onderwerp samenhangen. Daarna volgt een kort voorwoord van Hans Clevers, de toenmalige president van de KNAW, die een lans breekt voor serendipiteit in de biologie.

Optimum conditions for cotton nitrate reductase extraction and ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

GREGO

1Université d'Abobo-Adjamé, UFR des Sciences de la Nature, Laboratoire de Biologie et Amélioration des Productions. Végétales. .... comparisons by Newman-Keuls test at a =5%. ..... Grady JK, Chasteen ND, Harris DC (1988). Good's buffer ...

Effectieve bestrijding van varroa (Tweede, licht gewijzigde druk)

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Cornelissen, B.; Blacquière, T.; Steen, van der J.J.M.

2013-01-01

De varroa mijtziekte (Varroa destructor) is de belangrijkste bedreiging van de Europese honingbij. Wintersterfte van honingbijen is in de meeste gevallen toe te schrijven aan deze ziekte. Deze tweede, licht gewijzigde druk biedt informatie over de biologie van varroa, de effecten van varroa op

Vliv ozářenosti na růst a fotosyntézu rostlin slunečnice stresovaných suchem a působením kyseliny abscisové

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Hronková, Marie; Šimková, Marie; Šantrůček, Jiří; Vašková, M.; Dobrev, Petre; Pešek, Bedřich; Trávníčková, Alena

2007-01-01

Roč. 7, č. 2 (2007), s. 110-111 [Konference experimentální biologie rostlin, 11. dny fyziologie rostlin. 09.07.2007-12.07.2007, Olomouc] R&D Projects: GA AV ČR(CZ) IAA601410505 Keywords : plant physiology Subject RIV: ED - Physiology

Vertigo substriata Jeffreys, faunae neerlandicae nova species, een zoogenaamd glaciaalrelikt

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Sunier, A.L.J.

1926-01-01

I. HET NEDERLANDSCHE MATERIAAL VAN VERTIGO SUBSTRIATA JEFFR.. Onder het vaak interessante materiaal van Nederlandsche Mollusca, dat den laatsten tijd door de Heeren W. F. van Hell en J. A. Nijkamp, studenten in de biologie te Leiden, aan 's Rijks Museum van Natuurlijke Historie werd afgestaan, trof

Effectieve bestrijding van varroa

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Cornelissen, B.; Blacquiere, T.; Steen, van der J.J.M.

2010-01-01

De varroa mijtziekte (Varroa destructor) is de belangrijkste bedreiging van de Europese honingbij. Wintersterfte van honingbijen is in de meeste gevallen toe te schrijven aan deze ziekte. Deze brochure van de WUR biedt informatie over de biologie van varroa, de effecten van varroa op honingbijen en

International conference on signals and images in medicine and biology (BIOSIGMA 78), Paris, 24-28 April 1978. Colloque international sur les signaux et les images en medecine et en biologie (BIOSIGMA 78), Paris, 24-28 avril 1978

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1978-01-01

Proceedings of an important international colloquium organized by the SEE (Societe des Electriciens, des Electroniciens et des Radioelectriciens) and the GIEL (Groupement des Industries Electroniques) are presented. The aim of this meeting is the development of biomedical techniques, specially, in the fields of nuclear medicine and medical electronic and computer equipment.

Hydrogen: Water, Sun and Catalysts

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

MF136409

Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Université Joseph Fourier, CNRS, CEA/DSV/iRTSV ... Limitation of the emission of green-house effect CO. 2 . Limitation ..... CO2. Pc. P680. Qa. P700. PSII cytb6. NADPH. O2 +. 4 H+. 2 H2O. FNR.

2261-IJBCS-Article-Souleymane Nacro

African Journals Online (AJOL)

hp

sahélienne du pays. Malgré l'importance des travaux qui ont permis d'améliorer la connaissance du ravageur surtout en champ (Ba, 2003; Nacro and Nénon, 2008, 2009), des informations sur la biologie de l'insecte font défaut. C'est pour.

Biologie de la reproduction de Elagatis bipinnulata (Guoy ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

SARAH

31 mai 2017 ... positivement à la densité des lipides utilisés pendant les périodes reproduction et maturation (Robinson et al.,. 2008). Pt : poids total du poisson en g ; LF : longueur à la fourche du poisson en cm. Taille de première maturité sexuelle : La taille de première maturité sexuelle considérée ici, est celle à.

Statiese en dynamiese denkwijzen in pathologie en biologie

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Huisman, Rinco Gerrit Johan Pieter

1924-01-01

In de inleiding is gesproken over een tegenstelling in karakteraanleg, die het wezen zou zijn van de tegenstelling der theorieën. Als typen daarvoor zijn Herakleitos en Parmenides genomen en in het voorafgaande heb ik telkens aangegeven welke theorie de uiting was van het ene geestestype en welke

Stamcellen: biologie en mogelijke toepassing bij het hartinfarct

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Fijnvandraat, A. C.; Moorman, A. F.

2004-01-01

If the heart fails to recover sufficient functionality following an infarct, then heart failure develops, an important cause of death in the western world. One obvious therapy is to create more muscle tissue to supplement the damaged myocardium with new functional contractile cells, together with

The Power and Promise of Developmental Systems Theory

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Letitia Meynell

2008-09-01

Full Text Available I argue that it is time for many feminists to rethink their attitudes towards evolutionary biology, not because feminists have been wrong to be deeply sceptical about many of its claims, both explicit and implicit, but because biology itself has changed. A new appreciation for the importance of development in biology has become mainstream and a new ontology, associated with developmental systems theory (DST, has been introduced over the last two decades. This turn challenges some of the features of evolutionary biology that have most troubled feminists. DST undermines the idea of biologicales sence and challenges both nature /nurture and nature/culture distinctions. Freed from these conceptual constraints, evolutionary biology no longer poses the problems that have justified feminist scepticism. Indeed, feminists have already found useful applications for DST and I argue that they should expand their use of DST to support more radical and wide-ranging political theories.Si les féministes n’ont pas eu tort d’être profondément sceptiques face aux nombreuses revendications de la biologie, leur attitude face à cette science doit être remise en question car la biologie s’est transformée au courant des dernières décennies. La «théorie des systèmes de développement» (developmental systems theory-TDS est une théorie qui s’est considérablement développée et qui a pris beaucoup d’ampleur. Cette théorie n’accepte pas le concept d’essence biologique ce qui pose un défi important à la distinction nature/culture. Une des conséquences de cet apport théorique est que le scepticisme des féministes face à la biologie de l’évolution n’est plus justifié car la biologie ne comporte plus les contraintes essentialistes qui s’avéraient contentieuses. En effet, certaines féministes ont déjà trouvé des applications utiles pour la TDS et nous avançons que les féministes doivent maintenant élargir l’utilisation de la

COPEHs Continue to Sow Partnership Seeds | CRDI - Centre de ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Dr Benjamin Fayomi Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Benin Community of Practice in EcoHealth—West and Central African. Johanne Saint-Charles Centre de recherche interdisciplinaire sur la biologie, la santé, la société et l'environnement (CINBIOSE) Canadian Community of Practice in Ecosystem Approaches to Health.

Analyse de la croissance chez Gymnogongrus patens (j

African Journals Online (AJOL)

LBBM

Variation saisonnière de la composition chimique de carraghénophyte,. Gymnogongrus patens (J. Agardh) de la côte atlantique marocaine. Fatah EL OMARI* et Aziza MOURADI. Laboratoire de Biochimie, Biotechnologies et Environnement, Département de Biologie,. Université Ibn Tofail, BP 133 - 14000 Kénitra, Maroc ...

Oreochromis niloticus

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Effect of diets containing cocoa bean shell and coconut oil cake on the growth of Oreochromis niloticus (LINNE, 1758) in pond. Yacouba BAMBA 1*, N'Golo OUATTARA 2, Siaka OUATTARA 2,. Allassane OUATTARA 1 and Germain GOURENE 1. 1 Laboratoire d'Environnement et de Biologie Aquatique (LEBA), UFR des ...

ETUDE DE LA DISTRIBUTION DES CATIONS ECHANGEABLES

African Journals Online (AJOL)

SEI Joseph

été mené dans une serre en verre au département de Biologie (Université de ... taux de Na+ et K+, et fait l'analyse des paramètres physique et chimique du sol .... comportement de cette espèce : Atriplex. halimus vis-à-vis de cinq doses de ...

108 Étude bactériologique comparative des fromages frais ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

AKA BOKO

Youness CHBAB1, Abdelhak DRIOUICH1, Zakaria MENNANE2 et Mohammed OUHSSINE1. 1Laboratoire de Biotechnologie, Environnement et Qualité, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences,. Université Ibn Tofaïl, BP 133, 14000 Kenitra, Maroc. 2Institut National d'Hygiène, Avenue Ibn Battouta, Rabat, Agdal, BP ...

2275-IJBCS-Article-Karamoko Mamadou

African Journals Online (AJOL)

hp

Effet de la teneur en protéines alimentaires sur la croissance de l'escargot terrestre Archachatina marginata (Swainson, 1821). Nygblé Angèle SIKA PIBA1, Mamadou KARAMOKO1*, Coffi Franck Didier ADOU2,. Atcho OTCHOUMOU1 et Kouassi Philippe KOUASSI3. 1Laboratoire de Biologie et Cytologie Animales, ...

adaptation et selection de varietes performantes de riz pluvi

African Journals Online (AJOL)

PROJET SOJA

Caractérisation, transformation et valorisation de déchets d'éviscération de volaille de Kénitra, Maroc. Laarousi Elmoualdi*, Hicham Labioui, Mohammed El Yachioui, et Mohammed Ouhssine. Laboratoire de biotechnologie microbienne, Département de biologie, UFR Amélioration et transformation microbienne et végétale, ...

TÜV - Zertifizierungen in der Life Science Branche

Science.gov (United States)

Schaff, Peter; Gerbl-Rieger, Susanne; Kloth, Sabine; Schübel, Christian; Daxenberger, Andreas; Engler, Claus

Life Sciences [1] (Lebenswissenschaften) sind ein globales Innovationsfeld mit Anwendungen der Bio- und Medizinwissenschaften, der Pharma-, Chemie-, Kosmetik- und Lebensmittelindustrie. Diese Branche zeichnet sich durch eine stark interdisziplinäre Ausrichtung aus, mit Anwendung wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse und Einsatz von Ausgangsstoffen aus der modernen Biologie, Chemie und Humanmedizin sowie gezielter marktwirtschaftlich orientierter Arbeit.

Notizen über Ciliaten aus konzentrierten Salzgewässern

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Ruinen, J.

1938-01-01

Die Kenntnis der Ciliatenfauna der Salzgewässer von höherer Konzentration als Meereswasser ist heute noch als sehr unvollständig zu betrachten. Nur wenige Autoren haben sich eingehender mit der Biologie dieser Wässer beschäftigt. Einerseits ist ein Bestreben wahrzunehmen eine möglichst vollständige

INCORPORATION DU COPRAH ET DES CUTICULES DE CACAO ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

1Laboratoire d'Environnement et de Biologie Aquatique (LEBA), UFR des Sciences et Gestion del'Environnement,. Université ... with exogenous diet were used as control group to assess the impact of the natural food. The used ... sur les performances zootechniques et la .... ont fait l'objet de mesure du poids individuel au.

Le SRAS, le sida, et la santé publique | IDRC - International ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

22 juil. 2011 ... Certaines de ces leçons portent sur les interactions complexes entre la biologie, la culture et le pouvoir. D'autres traitent des moyens de .... HIV prevention policy in China. IDRC-funded research is using mathematical modelling to influence local and national policies in China to reduce HIV transmission.

Izotopová frakcionace vody v systému půda-rostlina-atmosféra a její využití ve fyziologii a ekologii rostlin

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Šantrůček, Jiří

2007-01-01

Roč. 7, č. 2 (2007), s. 24 [Konference experimentální biologie rostlin, 11. dny fyziologie rostlin. 09.07.2007-12.07.2007, Olomouc] R&D Projects: GA AV ČR(CZ) IAA601410505 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z50510513 Keywords : plant physiology * Isotope fractionation Subject RIV: ED - Physiology

ACADEMIE NATIONALE DE MEDECINE - UNE TRADITION BICENTENAIRE DE MODERNITE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Claude JAFFIOL

2017-05-01

Full Text Available EXTRACTC'est sous le signe de la modernité, qu’est fondée l'Académie nationale de médecine, au début du XIXème siècle, alors que notre discipline émerge d'une longue période d'obscurantisme.Après Bichat, mort prématurément, les pionniers, Laënnec, dont le stéthoscope permet pour la première fois d'écouter ce qui se passe à l'intérieur du corps humain ,  Larrey, le premier chirurgien des temps modernes , Pinel, le premier psychiatre... sont appelés  à siéger dans la jeune académie fondée par Louis XVIII en 1820.Toujours sous le signe de la modernité, c'est à l'Académie de médecine que présentent leurs travaux révolutionnaires Pasteur et Marie Curie, deux figures emblématiques de la science, des découvreurs comme Laveran, prix Nobel de médecine, des novateurs comme Robert Debré, pédiatre éminent mais aussi inventeur des CHU. Alexander Fleming y fit connaître au monde sa découverte de la pénicilline.

Osteoporotic fracture of the sacrum: sacroplasty and physical medecine.

Science.gov (United States)

Thomas, E N; Cyteval, C; Herisson, C; Leonard, L; Blotman, F

2009-06-01

Traditional treatment of sacrum osteoporotic fractures is mainly based on antalgics and rest in bed. But complications are frequent, cutaneous, respiratory, thrombotic or digestive and mortality at 1 year significant. We wanted to define the interest of sacroplasty when treating osteoporotic fracture of sacrum. We reviewed literature while studying a clinical case in an elderly patient. Sacroplasty was efficient at short and mean delay to control the pain due to osteoporotic sacrum fracture. Rate of complications is low in the centers mastering the procedure. Sacroplasty is of evident interest for elderly patients suffering of an osteoporotic fracture of sacrum. It reduces decubitus complications, secondary effects of antalgics and allows an early reeducation.

[Efficiency of mesotherapy in dental medecine. 16 Clinical cases].

Science.gov (United States)

Zbidi, N Douki; Mbarek, R; Zokkar, N; Feki, H; Koubar, S

2013-12-01

We often prescribe drugs in large quantities, it may help to relieve, but it also triggers intolerances, allergies or even digestive or skin problems. This is one reason, perhaps the main, to explore elsewhere. The reader will discover, through this article, mesotherapy; a new and simple therapeutic that aims to approximate the location of the therapeutic to the place of the pathology for greater efficiency. To test the effectiveness of this technique in dentistry, we treated by mesotherapy, 16 patients with phenomena of algo-inflammation, and as witnesses, 21 patients with the same symptoms and same diagnosis but conventionally treated by drugs prescriptions. A regression of the inflammation and an improvement in the painful condition were observed at a shorter time among patients treated with mesotherapy; it would be interesting, by evaluating the ratio "quality/cost-effectiveness and safety", to encourage the practice of mesotherapy in dentistry.

[Relevance of contrast ultrasound with microbubbles in vascular medecine].

Science.gov (United States)

Erdmann, Andreas; Ney, Barbara; Alatri, Adriano; Calanca, Luca; Mazzolai, Lucia

2016-12-07

Application of ultrasound contrast media has become a standard in diagnostic imaging in cardiology and in the characterization of focal lesions in multiple organs, especially of the liver. In the past years there was a growing body of evidence for their usefulness in vascular medicine. The development of contrast media, microbubbles with a stabilizing envelope and filled with gaz, small enough to pass through pulmonary capillaries made real-time imaging of organ perfusion possible. Ultrasound contrast media are rapidly eliminated by exhalation and can safely be administered to patients with renal failure. The objective of this review is to describe the basic principles of ultrasound contrast imaging and to inform about vascular applications of contrast ultrasound.

experience du service de medecine nucleaire sahloul sousse dans ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

tics of the tumor and the Tg values of. Conclusion: The ablative efficiency is optimized by 131 cures iodine should be extended until the Tg remains high. Monitoring life is necessary and the thresholds Tg below 2ng/ml is required. Keywords: Differentiated thyroid Cancers, Thyroglobulin, Iodine 131, Prediction, Monitoring.

[Egyptian medicine at the time of Bonaparte's expeditionary force].

Science.gov (United States)

Hutin, Jean-François

2014-01-01

When the civils of the Commission for Sciences and Arts and the doctors from Bonaparte's expeditionary forces under Desgenettes and Larrey's orders arrived in Egypt, they described richly the state of medecine and surgery, the therapeutical knowledges and the medical organisation of the conquered land. They were surprised at first and desappointed to see how poorly Herophile and Ibn-An-Nafis' "Art of Healing" was considered. However they quickly managed to extract its most original qualities - in particular in the pharmacopoeia--all the more because the loss of the hospital-ships and Aboukir's defeat forced them to stay in Egypt and to find there the remedies they were lacking of.

Conferences on first aid

CERN Multimedia

Leclerc; Lugon,N

1984-01-01

Trois orateurs exposent leurs expériences dans différents domaines du secourisme: le Dr Leclerc de Charleroi en Belgique parle de l'intervention des grands brûlés avec présentation et explication des dias, Mme le medecin capitaine Colin fait un exposé sur le secourisme dans l'entreprise française et son enseignement et Mons.Noel Lugnon, instructeur auprès de la police et gendarmerie genevoise qui forment l'ensemble des équipes de secours de la police, explique comment se fait la formation des spécialistes en secourisme et comment travaille la brigade motorisée à Genève.

Seed germination and in vitro plant regeneration of Parkia biglobosa ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

STORAGESEVER

2010-05-24

May 24, 2010 ... 1Laboratoire Campus de Biotechnologies Végétales, Département de Biologie Végétale, Faculté des Sciences et. Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, BP 5005, Dakar ...... et croissance en minirhizotron de Acacia raddiana savi, Physiologie des Arbres et Arbustes en zones arides et semi-arides, pp.

Metrological data and risk assessment in France during the Chernobyl accident (26 april 1986)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Galle, P.; Paulin, R.; Coursaget, J.

2005-01-01

Three world famous radio biologists have presented in june 2003 a communication entitled ' metrological data and risk assessment in France during the Chernobyl accident. Historical statement'. This text is published at the tome 326, fsc. 8, page 699-715 at the 'Comptes Rendus de Biologie de l'Academie'. The digest is presented here. (N.C.)

2483-IJBCS-Article-Dr Akpo Yao

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2Ecole Polytechnique d'Abomey-Calavi - Laboratoire de Recherche en Biologie Appliquée (LARBA),. Unité de Recherche Cunicole et Cavicole (URCC), 01 BP 2009 Cotonou, Bénin. 3INRA - Tours, Laboratoire de Pathologie du ... une prophylaxie vaccinale est mise au point. La réussite d'une telle innovation passe par la.

152-IJBCS-Article-Dr Chikou

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RHUMSIKI

Hydroécologie, 10 Chemin de la Justice,. B 4500 Tihange ... L'étude de l'âge et de la croissance chez Clarias gariepinus a été réalisée dans le delta de l'Ouémé par l'analyse des ...... la biologie de reproduction chez Clarias ebriensis. Pellegrin.

PRODUCTION D'ALEVINS DE TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus L ...

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AISA

1Laboratoire d'Environnement et de Biologie Aquatique (LEBA), UFR des Sciences et Gestion de l'Environnement,. Université ... As compared to the control diet (At), cost reductions of about 30 %, and 30 to 49 %, ... d'évaluer les performances zootechniques de ces ..... Côte d'Ivoire, cela dans la mesure où les intrants.

Diversité des champignons basidiomycètes à carpophores inféodés ...

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SARAH

31 août 2017 ... Universidad de. Córdoba. 14071, Córdoba (España). 4. Laboratoire Garba Mounkaila, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Abdou. Moumouni de Niamey, BP. 10963, Niamey ..... fructification in central and southern Côte d'Ivoire. Insect. Soc. 58: 371–382. Lilleskov EA ...

Incidence des fréquences de saignées d3, d4 et d6, à faibles ...

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1Département de Biologie Végétale, UFR des Sciences Biologiques,. Université Peleforo Gon Coulibaly, BP 1328 Korhogo, Côte d'Ivoire. 2Laboratoire de Physiologie et Pathologie Végétales, UFR Agroforesterie,. Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé, BP 150 Daloa, Côte d'Ivoire. 3Laboratoire de Physiologie du Latex, ...

1172-IJBCS-Article-Kadidia Sanon

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DR GATSING

2 Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiologie Végétales, Université Antilles-Guyane, BP. 592, 97159 Pointe-à-. Pitre, Guadeloupe, France. E-mail : Amadou.Ba@ird.fr . 3 Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie (UCAD-IRD-ISRA), BP 1386 Bel Air, Dakar, Sénégal. *Auteur correspondant, E-mail : sbkady@gmail.com; Tél : 226 50 ...

2576-IJBCS-Article-Ehoulé Krao

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2Laboratoire de Biologie et de Recherche Médicale, Institut National de Santé Publique, BP V 47 Abidjan, ... djalonensis ont été collectées au marché de ..... Bengoumi M. 1999. Etude comparative de l'effet hypoglycémiant de six plantes de la pharmacopée traditionnelle marocaine. Revue Médecine et Pharmacie. Afrique ...

Aperçu d'ensemble des bourses offertes par

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

IDRC CRDI

4 avr. 2013 ... Bentley sur les · systèmes culturaux. Maîtrise. Doctorat. Chercheurs postdoctoraux. X. X. Y compris ceux qui étudient dans un pays en développement. Recherches ayant trait aux sciences de l'agriculture, à la foresterie ou à la biologie. Tous les deux ans. OCTOBRE. (Prochain concours en octobre 2014).

1573-IJBCS-Article - Serigne Modou

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estuaires). A la maturité sexuelle, il migre en mer pour la ponte (Ameur et al., 2003). Des auteurs ont travaillé sur la biologie de la reproduction de M. cephalus (Brougui et. Boulakaab,. 2011), les relations morphométriques (Lawson et Abayomi,. 2010), la caractérisation génétiques des populations (Lui, 2009). Depuis une.

Author Details

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Goussanou, Appolinaire. Vol 11, No 6 (2017) - Articles Synthèse des connaissances sur l'écologie et la biologie des crabes (Crustacés, Décapodes, Brachyoures) Abstract PDF. ISSN: 1997-342X. AJOL African Journals Online. HOW TO USE AJOL... for Researchers · for Librarians · for Authors · FAQ's · More about AJOL ...

Analyse de la croissance de Gymnogongrus patens Agardh de la ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

AKA Boko

Le suivi de la croissance in situ de cette espèce est indispensable pour son exploitation industrielle au Maroc. Dans le cadre d'un programme de recherche pour la valorisation des carraghénophytes marocains, notre travail a eu pour objectif d'étudier la biologie en milieu naturel de l'espèce Gymnogongrus patens.

Gender | Page 37 | IDRC - International Development Research ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

des étudiantes et une enseignante dans une classe de biologie à l'école secondaire Sorya. Photo : Banque mondiale / Graham ... Le CRDI est déterminé à soutenir la recherche de pointe menée par des experts des pays en développement en vue de produire un changement durable. L'établissement de partenariats ...

Parasitisme de Dacryodes edulis par le genre Tapinanthus ...

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SARAH

31 août 2013 ... Parasitisme de Dacryodes edulis par le genre. Tapinanthus (Loranthaceae) et répartition de la myrmécofaune associée à Logbessou Plateau. (Douala, Cameroun). Massako F1*, Tchatat M2, Mony R3, Ladoh Yemeda CF1, Dibong SD1,4,5. 1Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiologie des Organismes ...

Visuelles in der wissenschaftlichen Kommunikation - z.B. Betrug und Fälschung

OpenAIRE

Fröhlich, Gerhard

2003-01-01

Visuelle Phänomene sind oft beim Aufdecken wissenschaftlichen Betrugs involviert. Wissenschaftliche und Massenmedien berichten von "vierdimensionalen" (Flusser) Manipulationen in Laboratorien (Moewus, Parapsychologie, Beneviste), "dreidimensionalen" Artefakten in Archäologie bzw. Geologie ("Lügensteine", Piltdown, Fujimura) und Biologie bzw. Medizin (Kammerers getuschte Geburtshelferkröte, Summerlins bemalte Mäuse, Illmensees Bluff-Klone). Inkriminierte zweidimensionale Repräsentationen (Bild...

New Publications and Videos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eugene R. Potapov

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Potapov E. & R. Sale. The Snowy Owl. T. & A.D. Poyser. London, 2013. 304 p. ISBN: 978-0713688177. Mebs, T., Schmidt, D. Die Greifvögel Europas, Nordafrikas und Vorderasiens: Biologie, Kennzeichen, Bestände. Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart, 2014. 496 s. ISBN: 978-3-440-14470-1.

Biologie en bestrijding van Urocystis gladiolicola Ainsw. op gladiolen

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Schenk, P.K.

1961-01-01

Symptoms, method of infection, course of the disease, influence of environment and the control of smut in Gladiolus were described. In the first year (S1) spores adhering to scales of corms and cormels or present in the soil caused infection, generally without conspicuous symptoms. The optimum soil

Zur Biologie des Planktons des Königshafens (Nordsylter Wattenmeer)

Science.gov (United States)

Martens, P.

1982-06-01

From May 1979 on, the following parameters were measured at a station in the inlet of Königshafen near List (Island of Sylt): temperature, salinity, mesozooplankton (>76 µm), chlorophyll-a, seston dry weight, oxygen and phytoplankton-nutrients (NH4-N, NO2-N, NO3-N, PO4-P, SiO3-Si). A multiple regression analysis showed the interrelationships between the parameters measured. Tidal influences on zooplankton and seston dry weight could be observed. At low tide, the amount of zooplankton (not counting the harpacticoid copepods) declines and the number of harpacticoid copepods rises as does the seston dry weight too. The chlorophyll-a content is a function of the phytoplankton-nutrients. An increase in chlorophyll-a leads to a decrease in nitrogen and silicate concentrations. Phosphate, due possibly to a sewage inlet into the Königshafen, is not a limiting factor. The availability of nutrients is influenced by temperature, salinity and the tidal cycle. The amount of oxygen is dependent on water temperature and seston dry weight. High water temperatures and a high seston content lead to a decrease in oxygen concentrations.

Protistes Eucaryotes : Origine, Evolution et Biologie des Microbes Eucaryotes

OpenAIRE

Silar, Philippe

2016-01-01

National audience; La cellule constitue l'unité de base de la vie. Pourtant les plus simples d'entre elles, les bactéries, possèdent une structure d'une extrême complexité et sont capables de comportements sophistiqués. Les cellules eucaryotes sont encore plus complexes. De plus, comparées aux cellules procaryotes, elles présentent une diversification fantastique au niveau morphologique et au niveau de l'organisation qu'elles adoptent : cellules isolées, coloniales ou intégrées et différencié...

Article Original Etude rétrospective de la lithiase urinaire dans l ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

ra

14 mars 2009 ... des Sciences, 2Université Moulay Ismail, Meknès et Laboratoire de Physiologie et de Pharmacologie, Département de Biologie et Agro-Alimentaire, Faculté des. Sciences et Techniques, Settat, Maroc. RESUME. Objectif: Cette étude épidémiologique de la lithiase urinaire est la première réalisée au Maroc.

Untitled

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Département de Biologie et Physiologie Végétales, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Yaoundé Yaoundé I, B.P.. 812 Yaoundé — Cameroun. RÉSUMÉ. Les travaux de recherche sont réalisés au Cameroun de Juillet 2001 à Septembre 2003 sur les plantules d'une glycophyte tolérante ; Gossypium hirsutum (Malvaceae).

Optimisation de la production d'éthanol par les techniques d ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

18 juil. 2008 ... 2.Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences Biomédicales, Département de Médecine interne, Université de Yaoundé I. 3.Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Département de Biologie et Physiologie Végétales. Faculté des Sciences. B.P. 812 Université de Yaoundé I. 4. Université Agricole de Zheijiang, Chine.

2240-IJBCS-Article-Dr Blahoua Kassi G

African Journals Online (AJOL)

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Parasitology meets ecology on its own terms. J. Parasitol., 83: 575-583. El Madhi Y, Belghyti D. 2006. Distribution de deux Monogènes dans les individus hôtes de Trachinotus ovatus de la côte de Mehdia. Biologie et Santé, 6(2): 65-. 76. Elias D, Negesse K, Solomon S, Kassaye B. 2014. Food and Feeding Habits of the.

La floraison des ignames africaines cultivées (D. cayenensis – D ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

SARAH

31 juil. 2015 ... Laboratoire de Botanique et Écologie Végétale, Département de Biologie végétale, Faculté des Sciences et. Techniques, Université d'Abomey – Calavi République du Bénin. *Auteur correspondant,Email :yoloumou3@gmail.com ; Tél : 00229 96845980. Original submitted in on 12th. June 2015. Published ...

Les femmes prennent part à la lutte contre les maladies des bovins ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

6 juin 2016 ... L'équipe de chercheurs a recours à des technologies novatrices faisant appel à la biologie moléculaire pour créer un vaccin stable, sûr et efficace que pourront utiliser les petits éleveurs de bovins, hommes comme femmes. En outre, des femmes de science du Kenya, qui font partie de l'équipe, sont ...

Datation de l'infection a Toxoplasma gondii chez 128 femmes ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

L'utilisation de ce test dans les laboratoires de biologie médicale au Togo pourrait contribuer à améliorer la prise charge adéquate des femmes enceintes au Togo. Mots clés: Toxoplasmose, sérologie, test d'avidité, femmes enceintes, Togo. English Title: Datation of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in a ...

Régulation de l'immunité de l'hôte à médiation par cellules souches ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Les recherches donnent à penser que la voie sphingolipidique joue un rôle important dans les fonctions des cellules souches hématopoïétiques et donc dans la production de cellules immunitaires matures et le fonctionnement du milieu environnant. Ce projet utilisera des méthodes avancées de biologie moléculaire et de ...

Aspects Phenotypiques De La Resistance Aux Β- Lactamines Des ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Conclusion: L'identification des phénotypes de résistance de P.aeruginosa par la technique d'antibiogramme en milieu gélosé constitue une alternative pour les laboratoires de bactériologie médicale dans les pays aux ressources limitées comme le Togo, où les techniques de biologie moléculaire ne sont pas disponibles ...

Résultats de recherche | Page 436 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Accroître la sécurité alimentaire en associant étroitement élevage, arbres et cultures par la pratique de l'agroforesterie au Mali : rapport technique final (1er mars ... ReÌ unir deux continents, regrouper cinq institutions diffeÌ rentes, impliquer des chercheurs provenant de disciplines aussi diversifieÌ es que la biologie veÌ geÌ ...

Choix Cruciaux

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Il propose une solution efficace à ce problème de santé grâce à un partenariat entre l'industrie pharmaceutique (avec ses compétences dans la mise au point de médicaments) et le secteur public (avec sa connaissance des études in situ et de la recherche fondamentale en biologie). ˜ Il constitue une bonne passerelle ...

Évaluation de la productivité du maïs ( Zea mays L.) sous ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Conclusion et principales applications de la recherche: L'application des biomasses T. diversifolia et E. abyssinica en combinaison organo-minérale sur une culture de maïs démontre jouer un rôle multiple sur la physique, la chimie et la biologie du sol avec comme conséquence une augmentation du rendement de l'ordre ...

1763-IJBCS-Article-Christine Ouinsavi

African Journals Online (AJOL)

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Available online at http://ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs. Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. ... 2 Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherches Forestières, Université de Parakou, ... 4 UERS de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, ... clinique de la maladie est due au fait que les ... temporelle de la forêt pour le comportement.

Original Paper Structure et diversité taxonomique des peuplements ...

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Segundo congreso internacional sobre geologia y mineria en la ordenación del territorio y en el desarrollo. Utrillas 95-. 114. Poisson R. 1957. Hétéroptères aquatiques. Faune de la France, 61: 261. Tachet H, Richoux P, Bournaud M, Usseglio-. Polatera P. 2000. Invertébrés d'Eau. Douce. Systématique, Biologie, Ecologie.

2250-IJBCS-Article-Dr Mahbou Somo Toukam

African Journals Online (AJOL)

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1Université de Yaoundé I, Département de Biologie et de Physiologie Végétales, BP 812 Yaoundé, Cameroun. 2Appropriate ... climatiques et géographiques des zones de culture, du jour d'émergence, de la longueur et du diamètre de la tige et la longueur et largeur ... (Faostat, 2012). Au Cameroun, la production d'igname.

2259-IJBCS-Article-Bazouma Koulibaly

African Journals Online (AJOL)

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4Unité de Formation des Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre (UFR/SVT), Laboratoire de Biologie et Ecologie. Végétale .... électrode en verre, selon un rapport ..... Impact des graminées sur une ressource rare : l'azote. In La Jachère en Afrique. Tropicale, Floret Ch, Pontanier R (eds). John Libbey Eurotext, Paris, 189-193.

Proposal for a project agreement with ISTC - Crystal Clear Collaboration

CERN Document Server

2001-01-01

This document concerns a project agreement with the ISTC entitled "Development of the Detector Production Technology for a New Generation of Positron Emission Tomographs to be used in Medecine and Pharmacology" to be executed in co-operation with the Crystal Clear Collaboration. For the reasons set out in this document, the Finance Committee is invited to agree to the negotiation of a project agreement with ISTC for a total amount of 775 000 US dollars. The European Union party in ISTC will co-fund the project up to a total of 525 000 US dollars. CERN's contribution will not exceed 250 000 US dollars. At the present rate of exchange this is equivalent to approximately 430 000 Swiss francs

FORMER A L’EXERCICE D’UNE MEDECINE BIOTECHNOLOGIQUE ET HUMAINE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jacques BRINGER

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Le bond en avant de la médecine au cours des dernières décennies s’est appuyé sur la recherche, l’innovation dans les nouvelles biotechnologies permettant le développement de soins plus efficaces, moins invasifs, mieux ciblés pour nombre de maladies. Dans le même temps, une meilleure gestion des risques et une organisation plus centrée sur le patient impliquent une étroite coopération entre les professionnels de santé activés selon les besoins du patient. Les étudiants en médecine doivent être entrainés à acquérir la pratique des nouvelles technologies et à se préparer à l’action en équipe avant d’intervenir dans le soin. Un tel entrainement par simulation vise à développer des mises en situation de « vraie vie » incluant l’obtention de compétences individuelles ou collectives et l’aptitude des cliniciens à une décision partagée et aux relations humaines telles que la capacité d’écoute, d’annonce et d’accompagnement s’appuyant sur le questionnement éthique et le souci de la personne.

PP144. Profile of lupus pregnancy in internal medecine practice.

Science.gov (United States)

Haddad, T; Hakem, D; Berrah, A

2012-07-01

The pregnancies in systemic erythematous lupus (SLE) disease is a situation of high risk and involve both the mother and the fetus. The prematurity and the miscarriage are there more frequent, with increase risks of eclampsia, acute hypertension, HELP syndrome and of worsening renal disease. So the morbimortality is multiplied particularly when a anti-phospholipid syndrome 'APLS' is associated. The pregnancy remains however authorized when the SLE is in remission for more than 6 months with a validated treatment and successful means of monitoring. To review the clinical profile of the pregnancies at the SLE patients with or without APLS in Internal Medicine Practice. it's a retrospective study, in an internal medical centre over a period going from January, 2008 till December, 2011. The collection of the data is made from the index cards of clinical observations collecting items to interpret the data. All the patients are diagnosed referring to the criteria ACR (SLE/APLS) and all benefit from a follow-up in a obstetrics monitoring (ultrasounds to monitor growth and placental development). On a cohort of 80 SLE young patients hospitalized we brought together 20 patients answering eligibility criteria. The average age is of 26 years (21-41), SLE evolve with an average of 2.5years, the parity is estimated at 5 on average by patient. The pregnancies are programmed in only in 25% . The others cases of pregnancy remain the consequence of a not adapted contraception (50%). Lupus patients have history of renal damage (8) requiring immunosuppressive therapy (4) but renal function is preserved at all the patient's. The treatment is adapted to the clinical context and prophylactic doses of heparin and a baby aspirin are required in most situations. The cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors show an overweight (12), one dyslipemia (10), type 2 diabetes (2), and hypertension (3). The pregnancy is at the origin of a degradation of the renal function (4) with definitive chronic renal Insufficiency (1). The specific events observed are a HELLP syndrome (1), pre-eclampsia (2), fetal losses (5), ischemic strokes (4) and post-partum cardiomyopathy (1). The pregnancies require caesarians (15) with ligature of trunks (2). We deplore fetal deaths (7) in tripled (1) and in twin (1) during the period of follow-up. We note a small birth weight (7), a preterm birth (5), a foetal distress (5) at the origin of a psychomotor disorders (1) and we observed a case of a transient skin lupus (1). The frequency of the maternal and fetal complications is partially understandable by the fact that the majority of the pregnancies neither are programmed, nor authorized by the treating physician. Indeed, between the denial of the disease and the desire of pregnancy in everything taken, the patients often take the risk and put the treating physician in front of pregnancies in top risks. Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier B.V.

NOUVELLES PERSPECTIVES EN ONCOLOGIE MEDICALE MEDECINE MOLECULAIRE ET SES PERSPECTIVES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jean-Yves BLAY

2017-05-01

Full Text Available La médecine  moléculaire du cancer  s’appuie sur l’identification d’anomalies génomique de  l’ADN des cellules tumorales, permettant de guider le traitement des patients, en choisissant des inhibiteurs agissant sur les protéines mutées codées par les gènes mutés. Cependant, on assiste depuis 10 ans à l’émergence très rapide d’un nouveau corpus de connaissance décrivant les anomalies génomiques des cellules cancéreuses au sein des programmes internationaux  comme ICGC ou TCGA, permettant de déboucher sur de nouvelles classifications nosologiques mais démontrant aussi l’extrème  complexité et variabilité clonale des cellules cancéreuses  chez le patient humain. Il s’agit désormais d’utiliser ces données  nouvelles de manière  efficace. Ceci requiert la constitution de plateformes de diagnostic  explorant progressivement avec  une plus grande profondeur  les anomalies moléculaire de chaque patient individuel, et l’organisation de réunions de concertation pluridisciplinaires moléculaire permettant d’intégrer ces données au contexte  clinique et global du patient, et requérant la  contribution  croissante des bio-informaticiens. Ce  court article  fait le point  sur l’évolution de cette médecine moléculaire.

Évaluation des caractéristiques des stomates chez le palmier à huile ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

SARAH

31 août 2016 ... 2 Université de Yaoundé I, Faculté des Sciences, Département de Biologie et Physiologie Végétales BP 812. Yaoundé, Cameroun. 3 Université Ouaga I Pr. Joseph KI-ZERBO, Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Vie et de la. Terre, Laboratoire de Biosciences Équipe d'Écophysiologie ...

1791-IJBCS-Article-Berte Siaka

African Journals Online (AJOL)

hp

la conservation, une connaissance approfondie de la biologie de la reproduction d'une espèce permet de mieux gérer le stock de géniteurs et partant, de la population. Ainsi, déterminer la taille de première maturité sexuelle permet de suggérer une taille minimale de capture dans les pêcheries (Mehanna, 2007). De même ...

227 Données préliminaires sur la distribution spatio-temporelle des ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Niamien

surtout nocturnes [18,19]. La présente étude, la première du genre, est une contribution à une meilleure connaissance de la biologie et de l'écologie des Mégachiroptères afin d'en assurer une gestion rationnelle et durable. Elle vise spécifiquement à identifier les sites de reproduction des chauves-souris à tête de marteau,.

Programme conjoint canado-israélien de recherche en santé | CRDI ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Tout d'abord, les progrès accomplis par les chercheurs israéliens et canadiens dans différents domaines biomédicaux, y compris la recherche sur le cerveau, la biologie du cancer et l'immunologie, sont vraiment exceptionnels et, dans de nombreux cas, très complémentaires. Nous sommes véritablement ravis à l'idée de ...

Elevages de bétail dans la région du Poro (Côte d'Ivoire ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Elevages de bétail dans la région du Poro (Côte d'Ivoire) : Caractérisation et modalités de lutte contre les pathogènes transmis par les tiques. Nawolo YEO1, Yahaya KARAMOKO1*, Dofara SORO1, Zahouli FaustinZOUH BI1 et. Seïdina Ibrahima TRAORE2. 1Université Nangui Abrogoua, UFR-SN, Laboratoire de Biologie et ...

CARACTERISATION DE LA FLORE ADVENTICE HYPOGEE DANS ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

AISA

2Laboratoire de Botanique et de Biologie Végétale, UFR Biosciences, Université d'Abidjan-Cocody,. 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22. 3SUCAF-CI, Ferkessédougou. 4Laboratoire de Physiologie Végétale, UFR Biosciences, Université de Cocody. RESUME. Un inventaire de la flore hypogée potentielle a été réalisé en basse Côte ...

Étude phytoécologique des adventices dans les agro- écosystèmes ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

SARAH

8 août 2016 ... Cela est en grande partie dû à la méconnaissance de ces enherbements quant à l'écologie et la biologie des espèces qui les composent. Or, la connaissance de la composition de cette flore et de son évolution sous l'effet des facteurs environnementaux et/ou agronomiques est un préalable indispensable ...

Les femmes prennent part à la lutte contre les maladies des bovins

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

améliorer la santé des bêtes et les moyens de subsistance des petits éleveurs. • Des chercheurs du Kenya et du Canada ont recours à des technologies novatrices faisant appel à la biologie moléculaire pour mettre au point un vaccin stable, sûr et efficace que pourront utiliser les petits éleveurs de bovins, hommes comme ...

Chaire de recherche trilatérale Canada – Afrique du Sud sur les ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Le présent projet met l'accent sur les interactions entre l'humain et la faune, notamment sur les pauvres des zones rurales en pays tropical et sur l'effet des changements climatiques que ces derniers subiront. Puisant dans la recherche menée à la station de biologie expérimentale de l'Université Makere, près du parc ...

Case report

African Journals Online (AJOL)

ebutamanya

29 déc. 2015 ... Abstract. Patient âgé de 59 ans ayant consulté pour un syndrome douloureux et fébrile de l'hypochondre droit évoluant depuis quatre jours. La palpation trouvait une défense et la biologie montrait un syndrome inflammatoire biologique associé à une cholestase anictérique. A l'échographie la vésicule.

1866-IJBCS -Article- Moumouni D

African Journals Online (AJOL)

hp

d'autant plus important que le Niger, un pays vaste (1267000 km2) renferme quatre (4) zones agro-écologiques différentes. Le présent travail est une contribution à la connaissance de la biologie de C. maculatus, espèce de bruche responsable de l'essentiel des dégâts occasionnés en conditions de stockage au Niger.

Stratégie de Reproduction du Carangidae Trachinotus teraia Cuvier ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

user

La reproduction de Trachinotus teraia a été étudiée dans la lagune Ebrié au cours de campagnes mensuelles pendant deux années consécutives (février 2004 à janvier 2006). Cette étude se situe dans le cadre d'acquisition de connaissances sur la biologie de Trachinotus teraia en vue d'évaluer son potentiel aquacole.

LE SYNDROME DE POURFOUR DU PETIT : UNE MANIFESTATION ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

cervicale intéressant toute la loge viscérale, la loge vascu- laire gauche et arrivant jusqu'au médiastin supérieur. (flèche). Le reflexe photomoteur direct et consensuel ainsi que l'oculomotricité étaient normaux. Le syndrome infectieux était marqué à la biologie avec une CRP à 330mmol et des globules blancs à 30 000 ...

La neurotoxoplasmose congenitale du nourrisson : a propos d'une ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Les auteurs rapportent un cas isolé d'une Toxoplasmose cérébrale congénitale chez un enfant de 02 ans hospitalisé dans le service de neurologie du centre hospitalouniversitaire (C.H.U) Campus de Lomé. La revue de la littérature permet d'insister sur les formes cliniques, l'imagerie médicale, la biologie ainsi que les ...

Limicolaria flammea

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Dr Karamoko

2Laboratoire de Zoologie-Biologie Animale, Université Félix Houphouët Boigny de Cocody,. 01 BPV 34 ... pontes, la durée d'incubation et le taux d'éclosion des œufs, alors qu'elle n'a pas d'effet sur le poids et les ... concentrations de calcium, sur la maturité sexuelle et les performances de reproduction de l'escargot L.

Influence du couvert de Eucalyptus camaldulensis (dehn) sur la ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Laboratoire d'Agroforesterie et d'Ecologie, Département d'Agroforesterie, Sénégal. 2 Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (ISRA/CRA de Djibélor), Sénégal. 3 Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies,. Département de Biologie Végétale, Sénégal. *Auteur correspondant ; E-mail ...

Freilanduntersuchungen zur Ökologie und zum Verhalten von Trachypithecus auratus kohlbruggei (Haubenlanguren) im West-Bali-Nationalpark, Indonesien

OpenAIRE

Vogt, Martina

2003-01-01

Languren gehören zu den asiatischen Schlankaffen, die zusammen mit den afrikanischen Stummelaffen die Unterfamilie Colobinae, neben den Cercopithecinae die zweite rezente Gruppe der Cercopithecoidea, bilden. Während heute über viele Vertreter der Cercopithecinae zahlreiche Langzeitstudien zu verschiedenen Jahreszeiten und in unterschiedlichen Habitaten vorliegen, ist über die Biologie der Colobinae noch vergleichsweise wenig bekannt. Die Kenntnisse zur Lebensweise vieler Schlank- und Stummela...

The casting and mechanism of formation of semi-permeable polymer membranes in a microgravity environment

Science.gov (United States)

Vera, I.

The National Electric Company of Venezuela, C.A.D.A.F.E., is sponsoring the development of this experiment which represents Venezuela's first scientific experiment in space. The apparatus for the automatic casting of polymer thin films will be contained in NASA's payload No. G-559 of the Get Away Special program for a future orbital space flight in the U.S. Space Shuttle. Semi-permeable polymer membranes have important applications in a variety of fields, such as medecine, energy, and pharmaceuticals, and in general fluid separation processes such as reverse osmosis, ultra-filtration, and electro-dialysis. The casting of semi-permeable membranes in space will help to identify the roles of convection in determining the strucutre of these membranes.

Des décennies de recherche sur le manioc portent fruit | IDRC ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

28 oct. 2010 ... Le professeur Nassar a commencé à s'intéresser au manioc au début des années 1970 alors qu'il enseignait la biologie culturale africaine à l'Institute of African Studies de l'Université du Caire, en Égypte. On avait, dit-il, toutes les raisons de croire que le manioc pouvait sauver l'Afrique de la famine, qui ...

Call 1 FAQ (FR)

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Francine Sinzinkayo

Le terme « amélioration » utilisé dans cet appel à propositions fait référence à toutes les innovations utilisées par les ... Le candidat principal est chargé de la conception intellectuelle et de la mise en oeuvre de l'idée, .... de vaccins, notamment les nouvelles techniques mises au point en biologie synthétique, ou ce type de ...

Micro adénome à prolactine à l'âge de la ménopause | Barka | Pan ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

L'examen physique confirme la galactorrhée et la biologie montre une hyperprolactinémie à 2735 mUI /L, FSH = 15,1 UI/L et LH = 4,1UI/L. L'IRM hypophysaire montre un adénome gauche de 8mm. L'évolution sous traitement dopaminergique était marqué par la reprise transitoire des cycles et apparition de bouffées de ...

Phytophthora megakarya : A review on its status as a pathogen on ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Il y a donc un besoin accru de connaissance sur la diversité et l'épidémiologie de P. megakarya dans le but de développer des méthodes de lutte efficace et durable contre cet agent pathogène. Cet article passe en revue l'état actuel des connaissances sur l'origine, la distribution et la biologie de P. megakarya, en Afrique ...

Résultats de recherche | Page 18 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

La septicémie hémorragique est une maladie bactérienne aiguë et souvent mortelle touchant principalement les bovins et les buffles en Asie et en Afrique. Date de publication. 12 janvier ... Accélérer la mise au point d'un vaccin contre le virus de la peste porcine africaine grâce à la biologie synthétique. L'élevage porcin est ...

Développement d'un nouveau vaccin contre la PPCC à partir d'une ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Les chèvres seront vaccinées à l'aide du nouveau vaccin recombinant vivant ou inactivé, puis infectées de façon expérimentale par la bactérie Mccp afin de déterminer si le vaccin offre une protection. Ce projet utilisera des outils de biologie synthétique de pointe pour mettre au point un vaccin contre la PPCC qui se ...

maladie de forestier revelee par une dysphagie a propos de deux cas

African Journals Online (AJOL)

18 juin 2007 ... La biologie n'a pas montré de trouble métabolique ni de syndrome inflammatoire. La Radiographie du rachis cervical de face et de profil (Fig. 1) a mis en évidence des ostéophytes cervicaux antérieurs. C5-C6 et C6-C7 et une hyperostose vertébrale avec un foramen intact. Le transit oesogastroduodénal ...

ETUDE DE LA DISTRIBUTION DES CATIONS ECHANGEABLES

African Journals Online (AJOL)

SEI Joseph

Sa valorisation passe par l'étude de sa biologie en milieu naturel, puis en conditions contrôlées. Les variations saisonnières de la croissance et de la capacité reproductive de l'algue rouge Hypnea musciformis ont été suivies durant deux années dans deux localités différentes au niveau de la côte atlantique marocaine.

636-IJBCS-Article-Claudine Tekou

African Journals Online (AJOL)

DR GATSING

Des investigations de quelques aspects de la biologie et de l'écologie du poisson d'eau douce. Labeobarbus batesii dans la plaine inondable des Mbô au Cameroun, ont été menées entre mai 2008 et octobre. 2009. L'étude révèle que cette espèce est abondante et répandue dans les cours d'eaux de cette plaine.

Marine Biological Investigations at the Eniwetok Test Site; Recherches de Biologie Marine au Centre d'Essais d'Eniwetok; 0411 0414 ; Investigaciones sobre Biologia Marina en la Zona de Ensayo de Eniwetok

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lowman, Frank G. [Laboratory of Radiation Biology, University of Washington (United States)

1960-07-01

The results of marine biological investigations conducted at the Eniwetok Test Site since 1952 are summarized. Radioisotopes introduced into the sea from the tests at various times since then include fission products and other radioisotopes (U{sup 237}, Np{sup 239}, Mn{sup 54}, Fe{sup 55,59}, Co{sup 57,58,60}, Zn{sup 65} and W{sup 185}). The levels of radioisotopes in plankton samples taken 4 days to 6 weeks after contamination are reported and the distribution of the radioactivity between plankton and water is given. Grazing fishes contained Zn{sup 65}, Fe{sup 55}, Co{sup 57,58,60} and Mn{sup 54}. Carnivorous fishes contained mostly Fe{sup 55} and Zn{sup 65}. (author) [French] L'auteur fait le bilan des recherches de biologie marine effectuees depuis 1952 au Centre d'essais d'Eniwetok. Les radioisotopes qui se sont repandus dans la mer a la suite des essais auxquels on a procede a plusieurs reprises depuis cette date comprennent des produits de fission et d'autres isotopes ({sup 237}U, {sup 239}Np, {sup 54}Mn, {sup 55,59}Fe, {sup 57,58,60}Co, {sup 65}Zn et {sup 185}W). L'auteur indique les quantites des radioisotopes presents dans des echantillons de plancton preleves de quatre jours a six semaines apres ia contamination, et la repartition de la radioactivite entre le plancton et l'eau. Les poissons herbivores contenaient du zinc-65, du fer-55, du cobalt-57, 58, 60 et du manganese-54. Les poissons carnassiers contenaient surtout du fer-55 et du zinc-65. (author) [Spanish] En la memoria se resumen los resultados de las investigaciones sobre biologia marina que se vienen realizando desde 1952 en la zona de ensayo de Eniwetok. A consecuencia de los diversos ensayos nucleares efectuados desde esa fecha se han introducido en el mar una serie de productos de fision y otros radioisotopos ({sup 237}U, {sup 239}Np, {sup 54}Mn, {sup 55,59}Fe, {sup 57,58,60}Co, {sup 65}Zn y {sup 185}W). El autor indica la concentracion de los radioisotopos en las muestras de plancton tomadas

biologie -onderwys vir die mens en sy omgewing?: 'n kritiese ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

stimulus to learn more of nature has become a dreary drudge, a mountain of indigestible facts, however vaLid. (Milstein 1984) . . • Biology teachers are becoming dinosaurs in a changing environment. (Frazier 1984). Uitsprake soos die enkele voorbeelde wat hier aan- gehaal is~ verskyn in toenemende mate in meer res-.

Antoine Béchamp: pere de la biologie. Oui ou non?

Science.gov (United States)

Manchester, K L

2001-06-01

There is an alternative medicine lobby that, in conjunction with antivivisectionists, believes Louis Pasteur to have been a fraud [R. Bottomley's You Don't Have to Feel Unwell! (Newleaf, 1994) is a recent example]. They frame their accusations around a rivalry between Pasteur and a contemporary, Antoine Béchamp, from whom they suggest Pasteur stole his ideas and then distorted them for his own purposes. This article explores some aspects of the controversies between Béchamp and Pasteur.

[Leben im Eismeer - Tauchuntersuchungen zur Biologie arktischer Meerespflanzen und Meerestiere

Science.gov (United States)

Lippert; Karsten; Wiencke

2000-01-01

Die Maske wird nochmals auf Dichtigkeit überprüft, der Knoten der Sicherungsleine mit zwei halben Schlägen fixiert, dann rutscht die Taucherin von der Eiskante in das kalte Wasser. Eine halbe Stunde vergeht, bevor ihr Kopf wieder aus dem Eisloch auftaucht und sie ein großes Sammelnetz nach oben reicht, gefüllt mit verschiedenen Arten von Makroalgen. Obwohl noch große Flächen des Kongsfjordes im arktischen Spitzbergen zugefroren sind und das Festland von einer dicken Schneedecke bedeckt ist, hat unter Wasser in den Algenwäldern bereits der Sommer und damit die Saison der Meeresbiologen begonnen.

Biologie se uniekheid as substraat vir die tipies menslike funksionering

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

P. A. J. Ryke

1989-03-01

Full Text Available The biological similarities between humans and apes are great but they should not obscure the differences. Some differences are of such great consequence that man should be considered truly unique kind of organism with a marvellous plasticity of mind. All of the uniquely human traits are adaptations to the environments in which man evolved; these Include profound modifications of anatomy, physiology and behaviour. The morphological differences between man and his nearest relatives are very conspicuous. The form of the skeleton is adapted to fully erect posture and bipedal locomotion. The pelvis is broadened to provide adequate attachment for the powerful striding muscles. The transformation of the tail vertebrae is unique among the vertebrates. The joint for the neck is in the middel of the base of the skull. The hands are prehensile, with a large and strongly opposable thumb. The brain is uniquely large in proportion to the body and has a particularly large and complex cerebrum; the cerebral cortex contains the cent res for memory and complex computation. The enlarged brain requires prolonged infant dependency and high quality nutrition. Differences between humans and animals are grea tes t in the realm of behaviour: Ability to make tools (associated with bipedalism; ability to anticipate the future; development of symbolic communication (associated with expansion of cortex. Direct evidence of man's language capabilities comes form the anatomy of the modern human vocal tract. Man is the only species that succeeded in creating a truly productive language, and it is the scaffolding of human culture and civilization.

Direct sequencing for rapid detection of multidrug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in Morocco

OpenAIRE

Zakham, Fathiah; Chaoui, Imane; Echchaoui, Amina Hadbae; Chetioui, Fouad; Elmessaoudi, My Driss; Ennaji, My Mustapha; Abid, Mohammed; Mzibri, Mohammed El

2013-01-01

Fathiah Zakham,1,4 Imane Chaoui,1 Amina Hadbae Echchaoui,2 Fouad Chetioui,3 My Driss Elmessaoudi,3 My Mustapha Ennaji,4 Mohammed Abid,2 Mohammed El Mzibri11Unité de Biologie et Recherché Médicale, Centre National de l'Energie, des Sciences et des Techniques Nucléaires (CNESTEN), Rabat, 2Laboratoire de Génétique Mycobacterienne, Institut Pasteur, Tangier, 3Laboratoire de Tuberculose Institut Pasteur, Casablanca, 4Laborat...

257 Etude du cycle sexuel et l'inversion sexuelle de Pagellus bellottii

African Journals Online (AJOL)

User

Résumé. Pagellus bellottii appartient à la famille des Sparidae. Il est hermaphrodite protérogyne et est fréquent dans les débarquements au Sénégal. Le but de ce travail est d'étudier la biologie de ce poisson qui présente un intérêt économique car il est consommé localement mais aussi exporté vers les pays de l'union.

Résultats de recherche | Page 16 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Accélérer la mise au point d'un vaccin contre le virus de la peste porcine africaine grâce à la biologie synthétique ... La présente demande s'adresse aux instituts indépendants (« think tanks ») voués à la recherche sur les politiques, établis au Myanmar, et dont les recherches sont axées sur des problèmes de niveau ...

Etat des lieux de la reproduction sexuée des ignames africaines ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Les ignames sont d'importantes plantes alimentaires à multiplication végétative dont l'amélioration et la création variétale dépendent, comme chez les végétaux, de la maîtrise de la biologie de la reproduction sexuée. L'état des lieux des cultivars florifères des ignames africaines Dioscorea cayenensis – D. rotundata a été ...

Le carcinome parathyroïdien: à propos d'un cas et revue de la ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Le traitement est basé sur la chirurgie. Femme âgée de 59 ans, aux antécédents d'hypertension artérielle, et de lithiases rénales récidivantes, consultait pour des douleurs osseuses diffuses avec asthénie. L'examen du cou a trouvé une tuméfaction basi-cervicale dure et à bord inférieur non palpable. A la biologie: ...

The Mosquitoes of the Subgenus Culex in Southwestern Asia and Egypt (Diptera: Culicidae) (Contributions of the American Entomological Institute. Volume 24, Number 1, 1988)

Science.gov (United States)

1988-01-01

Pathol. Exot. 53: 531-542. 1968. Contribution a I’etude des moustiques du Maroc (Diptera, Culicidae) six especes nouvelles pour le pays. Cah. ORSTOM...quelques moustiques du Maroc. Arch. inst. Pasteur Maroc 2: 361-365. 1957. Sur Culex torrentium Martini. Ann. Parasitol. Hum. Comp. 32: 438-442...De Grandpre, A.D. and D. D’E. De Charmoy 1900(1901). Les moustiques : anatomie et biologie. Contribution a I’etude des Culicides et principalement

Festschrift Charpak (Georges) on his 65th birthday

CERN Document Server

Saudinos, Jean; Garwin, Richard L; Uggerhøj, Erik; CERN. Geneva

1989-01-01

On the occasion of the 65th birthday of Georges Charpak and of his retirement, the Director-General and the EP Division invite you to a symposium in his h. Chairman : P. Lehmann. - J. Saudinos : Quelques applications des détecteurs gazeux à la médecine et à la biologie. - E. Uggerhøj : New steps in the channeling of relativistic particles. - R. Garwin : Remarks from the non-physical world. - G. Charpak : Final speech.

Occupational medicine and electromagnetic fields; Medecine du travail et champs electromagnetiques

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Seze, R. de [Institut National de l' Environnement Industriel et des Risques, 60 - Verneuil en Halatte (INERIS) (France)

2001-07-01

Numerous industrial areas are concerned by electromagnetic fields exposures. The most intense sources are constituted by high frequencies. The most known are the relay antenna for cellular radio communications (type GSM). The principal sources of electromagnetic fields are given and the levels fields susceptible to be encountered at working posts. The interaction mechanisms of fields are given in function of frequencies, then the biological effects are studied. The results of epidemiological studies are synthesised. The recommendations in France and in Europe are presented as well the standardisation organisms. (N.C.)

Study of a high surface gas triode for detecting atomic or nuclear particles; Etude d'une triode a gaz a grande surface detectrice de particules atomiques ou nucleaires

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lansiart, A [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1967-06-15

A triode filled with xenon at atmospheric pressure can be used as an X-ray detector since it produces an appreciable amount of light per quantum absorbed. Various methods are described for studying and reducing the deadtime after the passage of a spark. This detector can be used in medicine for the detection of tumours and also for the rapid recording of diffraction diagrams. (author) [French] Une triode, remplie de xenon a la pression atmospherique, sert de detecteur de rayors X en fournissant une quantite de lumiere importante par quantum absorbe. Diverses methodes sont decrites permettant d'etudier et de reduire le temps mort apres le passage d'une etincelle. Ce detecteur sert a la localisation de tumeurs en medecine et a l'enregistrement rapide de diagrammes de diffraction. (auteur)

The 36. French Language Colloquium on Nuclear Medicine

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bourguet, P.

1997-01-01

This issue of the journal 'Medecine Nucleaire - Imagerie Fonctionnelle et Metabolique' contains the short communications, abstracts of the poster communications and lectures presented in the 36. French Language Colloquium on Nuclear Medicine held at Rennes - Saint-Malo on 1 to 3 October, 1997. According to their content the communications were bunched in the following sessions: Radioprotection-Environment, Cardiology-Pneumology, Endocrinology, Oncology-Diagnosis, Oncology-Therapy, Neurology, Radiobiology, Radioprotection, Osteo-articulary, Uro-Nephrology, Hepato-Gastroenterology, Radiopharmaceuticals, Immuno-analysis, Instrumentation-Image Processing. The overwhelming majority of the papers presented dealt with the use of radioisotopes and radiolabelled complexes in diagnosis and therapy especially, by means of PET and SPECT techniques. The colloquium proceedings are completed by two lectures on Radioimmunotherapy of lymphomas and use of PET in tumor imaging considered from the cost efficiency

Study of a high surface gas triode for detecting atomic or nuclear particles; Etude d'une triode a gaz a grande surface detectrice de particules atomiques ou nucleaires

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lansiart, A. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1967-06-15

A triode filled with xenon at atmospheric pressure can be used as an X-ray detector since it produces an appreciable amount of light per quantum absorbed. Various methods are described for studying and reducing the deadtime after the passage of a spark. This detector can be used in medicine for the detection of tumours and also for the rapid recording of diffraction diagrams. (author) [French] Une triode, remplie de xenon a la pression atmospherique, sert de detecteur de rayors X en fournissant une quantite de lumiere importante par quantum absorbe. Diverses methodes sont decrites permettant d'etudier et de reduire le temps mort apres le passage d'une etincelle. Ce detecteur sert a la localisation de tumeurs en medecine et a l'enregistrement rapide de diagrammes de diffraction. (auteur)

The relations between forest fragmentation and bird community body size and biodiversity and bird community body size.

OpenAIRE

Hopman, F.

2017-01-01

Bachelor thesis Future Planet Studies, major biologie ABSTRACT Animal species with a larger body-size tend to have larger home ranges than small-bodied animals. Therefore it is likely that they are more affected by habitat fragmentation than small-bodied species. Body size of birds also seems to have a negative relation with species richness. This research has therefore looked into whether birds with a larger body-size are more sensitive to habitat fragmentation caused by forest...

Dynamics of Cercospora zeina populations in maize-based agro ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

La variation dans le temps au sein d'une population, est fonction de facteurs relatifs à l'écologie, la biologie et l'histoire de vie des pathogènes. Elle varie d'un être vivant à un autre et d'un écosystème à un autre. L'objectif de cette étude était d'évaluer la variabilité génétique au sein des populations de Cercospora zeina ...

Resistance of maize to the maize weevil: I. Antibiosis | Derera ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

La progéniture F1 a été comptée à un intervalle de deux jours jusqu'à ce que toute la progéniture ait émergé. Certains hybrides à effects néfastes sur la biologie des charançons (antibiose), comme des hybrides ont été differents significativement pour la mortalité des adultes (0 à 89%), l'émergence de la progéniture (1 à ...

2174-Article-Proof-Mounirou Yolou

African Journals Online (AJOL)

hp

la création variétale dépendent, comme chez les végétaux, de la maîtrise de la biologie de la reproduction sexuée. ... reste l'aliment de base de près de la moitié de .... Le nombre de cultivars recensés varie de 07 à 15 par village, soit une moyenne de 11 cultivars par village. Dans la commune de Ouaké, Vingt-quatre.

ETUDE DE LA DISTRIBUTION DES CATIONS ECHANGEABLES

African Journals Online (AJOL)

SEI Joseph

nombre de ramification à 1 cm de l'apex) montre, une hétérogénéité de la population, ce qui confirmerait la forte ... Salinas [8] a mis au point une méthode de réensemencement basée sur l'initiation, en conditions ... sesquipedale, l'étude de son cycle de reproduction et la compréhension de la biologie de l'espèce dans son ...

Laudatio für Herrn Dr. Lars Krogmann : anlässlich der Verleihung des Förderpreises der Ingrid Weiss / Horst Wiehe Stiftung durch der Deutschen Gesellschaft für allgemeine und angewandte Entomologie am 27. Februar 2007 in Innsbruck

OpenAIRE

Peters, Ralph

2008-01-01

Lars Krogmann wurde 1976 geboren in Norderstedt bei Hamburg. Schon früh entwickelte er eine Leidenschaft für Insekten, insbesondere für Tagschmetterlinge. Der Legende nach soll er bereits als Heranwachsender stets „Entomologe“ als Berufsziel ausgegeben haben. Folgerichtig begann er nach dem Abitur und Zivildienst im Jahr 1996 ein Studium der Biologie in Hamburg. Im Studium belegte er jeden Kurs, der entomologische Inhalte hatte, und er arbeitete als studentische Hilfskraft in der Entomologisc...

Formalisation d'un modèle de conception et d'innovation dans le domaine des bio-industries : cas des particules d'argile.

OpenAIRE

Lorentz , Romain

2014-01-01

This doctoral thesis was realized within the framework of a partnership between the Product Design and Innovation Laboratory of Arts et Métiers ParisTech and the Ecole de Biologie Industrielle. The research project behind our thesis aims to support the promotion of new clay particles having been patented by the EBInnov® laboratory. This new polyfunctional ingredient is designed to satisfy several applications in the bio-industries, including the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry, the phyto...

Von Donuts und Zucker: Mit Neutronen biologische Makromoleküle erforschen

Science.gov (United States)

May, Roland P.

2003-05-01

Für die Erforschung von Biomolekülen bieten Neutronen einzigartige Eigenschaften. Vor allem ihre unterschiedliche Wechselwirkung mit dem natürlichen Wasserstoff und seinem schweren Isotop Deuterium ermöglicht tiefe Einblicke in Struktur, Funktion und Dynamik von Proteinen, Nukleinsäuren und Biomembranen. Bei vielen Fragestellungen zur Strukturaufklärung gibt es kaum oder keine Alternative zum Neutron. Das Institut Laue-Langevin trägt Bahnbrechendes zum Erfolg der Neutronen-Methoden in der Biologie bei.

Le genre Tunga Jarocki, 1838 (Siphonaptera : Tungidae. I – Taxonomie, phylogénie, écologie, rôle pathogène

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Beaucournu J.-C.

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Pour la première fois, les 12 espèces actuellement décrites dans le genre Tunga sont étudiées sur le plan de la taxonomie et de la répartition. Divers aspects de leur biologie et leur rôle pathogène sont également envisagés, et en particulier leur phylogénie, leur chorologie, leur phénologie, leur sexe-ratio et leurs dermecos.

Le genre Tunga Jarocki, 1838 (Siphonaptera : Tungidae). I – Taxonomie, phylogénie, écologie, rôle pathogène

Science.gov (United States)

Beaucournu, J.-C.; Degeilh, B.; Mergey, T.; Muñoz-Leal, S.; González-Acuña, D.

2012-01-01

Pour la première fois, les 12 espèces actuellement décrites dans le genre Tunga sont étudiées sur le plan de la taxonomie et de la répartition. Divers aspects de leur biologie et leur rôle pathogène sont également envisagés, et en particulier leur phylogénie, leur chorologie, leur phénologie, leur sexe-ratio et leurs dermecos. PMID:23193514

Contribución al estudio de biología reproductiva de un especie de bactris (palmae en el bosque de Galería (depto. Beni, Bolivia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

1992-01-01

Full Text Available CONTRIBUTION A L’ETUDE DE BIOLOGIE REPRODUCTIVE D’UNE ESPECE DE BACTRIS (PALMAE DE FORET DE GALERIE (DPT. BENI, BOLIVIE. Cette étude présente les résultats d’observations préliminaires sur la biologie de reproduction de Bactris bidentula Spruce des forêts-galerie situées dans les savanes des plaines de Moxos (Espíritu, département du Beni, Bolivie. Les observations réalisées ont permis d’obtenir des données sur les caractères végétatifs, la phénologie, l’anthèse et les agents pollinisateurs possibles. Se presentan los resultados obtenidos de observaciones preliminares sobre la biología reproductiva de Bactris bidentula Spruce del bosque de galería en las sabanas de los llanos de Moxos (Espíritu, Depto. Beni, Bolivia. Las observaciones realizadas permitieron registrar datos vegetativos, fenológicos, antesis y posibles polinizadores. CONTRIBUTION TO REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF A BACTRIS SPECIES (PALMAE IN A GALLERY FOREST (DEPART. OF BENI, BOLIVIA. Here we present results of preliminary observations on the reproductive biology of Bactris bidentula Spruce of gallery forest of the savanna of Llanos de Moxos (Espíritu, Dept. Beni, Bolivia. The observations registered information about vegetative features, phenology, anthesis, and possible pollinators.

Case report

African Journals Online (AJOL)

abp

12 sept. 2013 ... La biologie a montré une anémie à 7,2 g/dl et un bilan d'hémostase correcte. Un tamponnement vaginal a été réalisé par la mise d'un champ tétra dans le vagin après administration de morphine et la patiente a été transfusée par 4 culots globulaires. Le taux d'hémoglobine après transfusion a demeuré ...

Historiografie biologie a jejich grande dame Ilse Jahnová (1922-2010)

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Hermann, Tomáš; Šimůnek, Michal V.

2010-01-01

Roč. 43, č. 4 (2010), s. 249-254 ISSN 0300-4414 R&D Projects: GA ČR GPP410/10/P550 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z80630520 Keywords : Ilse Jahn * historiography of biology * history of science Subject RIV: AB - History

[In the era of the Royal Society of Medicine].

Science.gov (United States)

Gramain, Pascale

2013-01-01

In the May 2013 issue of medecine/sciences, the Rob Laffecteur complained about the constraints imposed by the Société Royale de Médecine in 1779, bearing on the labelling of remedies. Though, he did take advantage of the evaluation from an advertising point of view; though in this prospect he diverted his evaluation's report, in order to present it in a flattering manner. The Société Royale de Médecine was founded in 1778; its mission was to cover everything that had to do with public healthcare. Active, age-old and competent, it was submitted to many of contemporary issues that we are facing nowadays in the matter of medicines' evaluation, which is based on a rigorous scientific evaluation, itself based on knowledge's state-of-the-art. © 2013 médecine/sciences – Inserm.

Radio-contaminated patients intake at the Nancy teaching hospital: study of the resources and implication possibilities of radiation protection referent personnel

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Guionnet, Christophe

2011-01-01

In the events implying radioactive materials, the organization of care in the health facilities requires both the implementation of some skills, which go beyond the usual trade and professional duties of each of the partners, and the identification of the departments and referent staff that are likely to be most affected by these risks. This study, which was conducted within the Radiologie and Medecine Nucleaire Departments of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nancy, highlights the existence of reference material as means of detecting radiation, the conditions under which they will be developed remain to be defined. Human means can be called for for missions of information, detection, patient screening and decontamination. Volunteering persons, with competences in radiation protection (Personnes Competentes en Radioprotection), and radiographers can lead to the realization of their missions, after an practical training. (author) [fr

Coordenadas epistemológicas de la medicina tropical

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Caponi Sandra

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Para intentar comprender la novedad, en términos teóricos y epistemológicos, representada por la emergencia de la medicina tropical analizamos aquí dos modelos de investigación representados por los institutos Pasteur de ultramar y The London School of Tropical Medecine. Pretendemos saber qué argumentos y conceptos entran en juego en sus discursos; de qué modo son construidos sus protocolos de investigación; en qué se diferencian y en qué se aproximan estos protocolos, conceptos y argumentos; en fin, si es posible hablar de novedad epistemológica, o de inconmensurabilidad de la medicina tropical en relación a la medicina heredera de Pasteur y a la tradición médica ocupada con las enfermedades de climas tórridos.

Das Prinzip Bewegung - Herz und Gehirn als Metaphern des menschlichen Lebens

Science.gov (United States)

Otis, Laura

In diesem Jahr, in dem wir Charles Darwins gedenken, möchte ich etwas riskieren und eine Frage erörtern, die für die Literatur ebenso wie für die Biologie zentral ist: Was ist das Leben? Die Antwort auf diese Frage finden wir nicht in der Bibliothek und nicht im Labor, zumindest nicht an diesen erkenntnisproduzierenden Stellen allein. Als Literaturwissenschaftlerin und ehemalige Naturwissenschaftlerin glaube ich, dass wir das Leben nur verstehen werden, wenn wir seinen Wirkungen überall nachforschen, inklusive in der Literatur.

Changes during hibernation in different phospholipid and free and esterified cholesterol serum levels in black bears

Science.gov (United States)

Chauhan, V.; Sheikh, A.; Chauhan, A.; Tsiouris, J.; Malik, M.; Vaughan, M.

2002-01-01

During hibernation, fat is known to be the preferred source of energy. A detailed analysis of different phospholipids, as well as free and esterified cholesterol, was conducted to investigate lipid abnormalities during hibernation. The levels of total phospholipids and total cholesterol in the serum of black bears were found to increase significantly in hibernation as compared with the active state. Both free and esterified cholesterol were increased in the hibernating state in comparison with the active state (P biologie mole??culaire. All rights reserved.

Traitement du foisonnement filamenteux dû à Microthrix parvicella par ajout de sels métalliques

OpenAIRE

Durban, N.; Juzan, L.; Krier, J.; Héduit, A.; Gillot, S.

2012-01-01

National audience; Les dysfonctionnements biologiques dus au développement de bactéries filamenteuses posent de nombreux problèmes d’exploitation aux stations d'épuration du type boues activées. Le filament le plus souvent mis en cause dans ce type de dysfonctionnement en France est Microthrix parvicella. La solution curative la plus utilisée actuellement est la chloration, traitement efficace mais non spécifique, qui impacte également la biologie des boues activées. Une solution émergente co...

Highlights of the 6th world congress of nuclear medicine and biology

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ell, P.J. [Inst. of Nuclear Medicine, University Coll. London Medical School, London (United Kingdom)

1995-02-01

The article summarizes the most interesting medical aspects of the 6th World Congress of Nuclear Medicine and Biology, addressing recent developments in the fields of scintiscanning, SPET and PET, oncology, neurology, psychiatry, in the diagnostic evaluation of the cardiovascular system, and new radiopharmaceuticals. (VHE) [Deutsch] Der Artikel gibt einen Ueberblick ueber medizinische Aspekte des 6. Weltkongresses der Nuklearmedizin und -biologie. Aktuelle Entwicklungen bei Szintigraphie, SPET und PET in Onkologie, Neurologie, Psychiatrie, Herz und Kreislauf sowie weitere neue Entwicklungen bei Radiopharmazeutika werden referiert. (VHE)

Využití axiálně chirálních karbamátů a karbonátů pro stanovení absolutní konfigurace aminů a alkoholů metodou 1H NMR

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Hartwich, Petr; Streinz, Ludvík

2006-01-01

Roč. 100, č. 5 (2006), s. 382-382 ISSN 0009-2770. [Mezioborové setkání mladých vědeckých a výzkumných pracovníků z oboru chemie, biochemie, molekulární biologie a oborů příbuzných. Konference Sigma-Aldrich /6./. 14.06.2006-17.06.2006, Devět skal] Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z50070508 Keywords : 1H NMR method Subject RIV: CB - Analytical Chemistry, Separation

[Clinical laboratory medicine: continuous amelioration with a book of objectives and satisfaction survey].

Science.gov (United States)

Reix, Nathalie; Agin, Arnaud; Bahram, Seiamak; Dali-Youcef, Nassim; Grucker, Daniel; Jaulhac, Benoît; Lepiller, Quentin; Lessinger, Jean-Marc; Mauvieux, Laurent; Monier, Laurie; Schramm, Frédéric; Stoll-Keller, Françoise; Vallat, Laurent; Ludes, Bertrand; Candolfi, Ermanno; Filisetti, Denis

2015-01-01

We report in this publication the use of two educational tools, a questionnaire of satisfaction and a training book, to improve the training of students during their internship in clinical laboratory at the "Pôle de biologie des Hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg" in France. First, the ongoing training was assessed by the interns with a questionnaire measuring satisfaction. The analysis of this questionnaire identified four key points to improve: 1) define the teaching objectives, 2) organize the training with a schedule, 3) revise certain teaching methods and 4) ensure better integration of the students in the team of medical biologists. After this assessment, we implemented a training book to answer these four points. Indeed, the training book presents the objectives, the schedule of training, and how to validate the educational objectives. A new assessment was performed again using the same methodology. Results showed an improvement in student satisfaction from 74 to 88 %. The questionnaire of satisfaction and the training book are presented in this article. The aim of the assessment of training combined with the training book is to incite the actors of the training (students and teachers) to continually improve the training. The objectives of the Pôle de Biologie are to obtain an 80 % satisfaction rate during the 6 months trainings and to reduce or eliminate dissatisfaction, and finally to ensure the validation by students of 80 to 100 % of their predetermined objectives.

Identification, characterisation, and function of adipokinetic hormones and receptor in the African malaria mosquito, "Anopheles Gambiae" (Diptera)

OpenAIRE

Kaufmann, Christian; Betschart, Bruno

2007-01-01

En utilisant la bioinformatique et la biologie moléculaire, nous avons pu identifier chez le principal vecteur africain de la malaria, le moustique, Anopheles gambiae deux hormones adipokinétiques (AKHs): l'octapeptide, Anoga-AKH-I (pQLTFTPAWa) et le décapeptide, Anoga-AKH-II, (pQVTFSRDWNAa). La fonction principale des AKHs est d’induire une hyperlipémie (effet d’adipokinétique), ainsi qu’une hypertrehalosémie et une hyperprolinémie. En tant que membres de la famille des AKH, les deux neurope...

Pollution of the sea (mediterranean)

CERN Multimedia

Vicente,N

1980-01-01

Le Prof. Nardi Vicente travaille au laboratoire et est Prof. de biologie marine de l'Université de Marseille. Il participe à plusieurs missions, notamment avec le Prof. Coustaud. La conférence est agrémenté d'un film qui a obtenu la palme d'or à Rio de Janeiro. La pollution de la mer méd. provient pour 75% de l'intérieur de terre et les fleuves sont résponsables pour une grande partie et notamment le Rhône qui abouti en Méditerranée.

Ökophysik: Plaudereien über das Leben auf dem Land, im Wasser und in der Luft

Science.gov (United States)

Nachtigall, W.

Prof. em. Dr. rer. nat. Werner Nachtigall, geb. 1934, war als Zoophysiologe und Biophysiker Leiter des Zoologischen Instituts der Universität des Saarlandes in Saarbrücken. In Forschung und Ausbildung hat er sich insbesondere mit Aspekten der Technischen Biologie und Bionik befasst und mit seinen Forschergruppen viele Basisdaten insbesondere zur Ökologie, Physiologie und Physik des Fliegens und Schwimmens aber auch zur Stabilität beispielsweise der Gräser erarbeitet. Lebewesen überraschen immer wieder durch ihre "Biodiversität", ihre hochspezifischen Ausgestaltungen und Anpassungen.

Symmetriebrechung und Emergenz in der Kosmologie.

Science.gov (United States)

Mainzer, K.

Seit der Antike wird der Aufbau des Universums mit einfachen und regulären (symmetrischen) Grundstrukturen verbunden. Diese Annahme liegt selbst noch den Standardmodellen der relativistischen Kosmologie zugrunde. Demgegenüber läßt sich die Emergenz neuer Strukturen von den Elementarteilchen über Moleküle bis zu den komplexen Systemen des Lebens als Symmetriebrechung verstehen. Symmetriebrechung und strukturelle Komplexität bestimmen die kosmische Evolution. Damit zeichnet sich ein fachübergreifendes Forschungsprogramm von Physik, Chemie und Biologie ab, in dem die Evolution des Universums untersucht werden kann.

Introduction to detectors

CERN Document Server

Walenta, Albert H

1995-01-01

Concepts for momentum measurements,particle identification and energy measurements (calorimeters) as well for imaging applications in medecine, biology and industry (non destructive testing) will be put into relation to the specific detection princip In particular the resolution for position, time, energy and intensity measurement and the efficiency will be discussed. Signal extraction,electronic signal processing and principles of information capture will close the logic circle to the input : the radiation properties.The lecture will provide some sources for data tables and small demonstration computer programs f The basic detector physics as interaction of radiation with matter, information transport via free charges,photons and phonons and the signal formation will be presented in some depth with emphasis on the influence on specific parameters for detector The lecture will cover the most popular detector principles, gas detectors (ion chambers,MPWC's and MSGC's), semiconductor detectors scintillators and ...

French research program on the physiological problems caused by weightlessness. Use of the primate model

Science.gov (United States)

Pesquies, P. C.; Milhaud, C.; Nogues, C.; Klein, M.; Cailler, B.; Bost, R.

The need to acquire a better knowledge of the main biological problems induced by microgravity implies—in addition to human experimentation—the use of animal models, and primates seem to be particularly well adapted to this type of research. The major areas of investigation to be considered are the phospho-calcium metabolism and the metabolism of supporting tissues, the hydroelectrolytic metabolism, the cardiovascular function, awakeness, sleep-awakeness cycles, the physiology of equilibrium and the pathophysiology of space sickness. Considering this program, the Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches de Medecine Aerospatiale, under the sponsorship of the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, developed both a program of research on restrained primates for the French-U.S. space cooperation (Spacelab program) and for the French-Soviet space cooperation (Bio-cosmos program), and simulation of the effects of microgravity by head-down bedrest. Its major characteristics are discussed in the study.

Orientalismos peninsulares en el levante andaluz. Nombres y usos de algunas plantas silvestres

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Torres Montes, Francisco

2000-06-01

Full Text Available The author describes sorne wild plants from the provinces of Almería, Granada and Jaén (Andalusia, Spain that have folk names from Eastern Iberia. For each plant he provides the scientific and folk name, the isoglottic line and the lexical arca. He also informs about the use of these plants in folk and household medecine, religious rites, animal husbandry, etc.En este estudio se presentan algunas plantas silvestres de Almería, Granada y Jaén cuyos nombres vulgares proceden del oriente peninsular. De cada planta se da, junto al nombre vulgar y científico, la isoglosa o límite de los orientalismos y sus correspondientes áreas léxicas. Al mismo tiempo se hace el estudio etnográfico de sus usos en la medicina popular o doméstica, ritos religiosos, ganadería, etc.

Nuclear biological studies in France; Les etudes de biologie nucleaires en France

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Coursaget, J [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France).Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1961-07-01

On the occasion of a colloquium on radiobiological research programmes, a number of documents dealing with French accomplishments and projects in this field were collected together. We felt that it would be useful to assemble these papers in one report; although they are brief and leave gaps to be filled in, they provide certain data, give an overall view of the situation, and can also suggest a rough plan for the general policy to adopt in the field of 'nuclear' biological research; i.e. research based on the nuclear tracer method or devoted to the action of ionising radiations. (author) [French] Un colloque sur les programmes de recherche en radiobiologie nous a donne l'occasion de reunir des documents sur les realisations et les projets francais dans ce domaine. Il nous a semble utile de reunir en un rapport l'ensemble de ces documents, qui, malgre leur brievete et malgre les lacunes qu'ils comportent, donnent un certain nombre d'informations, permettent une vue d'ensemble et peuvent dessiner aussi l'ebauche d'une politique coherente en matiere de recherches biologiques 'nucleaires', c'est-a-dire de recherches basees sur la methode des indicateurs nucleaires ou consacrees a l'action des rayonnements ionisants. (auteur)

Nuclear biological studies in France; Les etudes de biologie nucleaires en France

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Coursaget, J. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France).Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1961-07-01

On the occasion of a colloquium on radiobiological research programmes, a number of documents dealing with French accomplishments and projects in this field were collected together. We felt that it would be useful to assemble these papers in one report; although they are brief and leave gaps to be filled in, they provide certain data, give an overall view of the situation, and can also suggest a rough plan for the general policy to adopt in the field of 'nuclear' biological research; i.e. research based on the nuclear tracer method or devoted to the action of ionising radiations. (author) [French] Un colloque sur les programmes de recherche en radiobiologie nous a donne l'occasion de reunir des documents sur les realisations et les projets francais dans ce domaine. Il nous a semble utile de reunir en un rapport l'ensemble de ces documents, qui, malgre leur brievete et malgre les lacunes qu'ils comportent, donnent un certain nombre d'informations, permettent une vue d'ensemble et peuvent dessiner aussi l'ebauche d'une politique coherente en matiere de recherches biologiques 'nucleaires', c'est-a-dire de recherches basees sur la methode des indicateurs nucleaires ou consacrees a l'action des rayonnements ionisants. (auteur)

Kontinuïteit en diskontinuïteit in die fisika en biologie

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Danie F.M. Strauss

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Hoewel die mening van die klassieke fisici was dat die natuur geen spronge maak nie – dit is kontinu en oneindig verder verdeelbaar – sou die 20ste-eeuse fisici spoedig besef dat daar ondeelbare elementêre deeltjies (kwanta bestaan en dat die fisiese ruimte nie kontinu en derhalwe ook nie oneindig verder verdeelbaar is nie. Hierdie toedrag van sake word verder belig deur die dualiteit van golf en deeltjies. Selfs vir Einstein was die kontinuïteit van die mikrostruktuur van ‘space-time’ nog ’n ope vraag. Daarom kan die siening dat fisiese verskynsels letterlik kontinu is, bevraagteken word. Dit is daarom treffend dat die geskiedenis van die nadenke oor die aard van materie sowel tot ’n ‘atomisitese’ as ’n ‘kontinuïteitsopvatting’ gelei het. Getrou aan die moderne nominalisme aanvaar die (neo- Darwinisme geen universaliteit buite die menslike gees nie. Plante en diere word bloot met behulp van willekeurige name in ’n kontinuum geplaas. Hierdie kontinuïteitspostulaat – bekend as ‘gradualisme’ – is egter van meet af gekonfronteer deur die dominante stasispatroon van die paleontologiese rekord: ’n tipe verskyn abrup, bly vir miljoene jare konstant en verdwyn dan ewe abrup. Gevolglik kan die vermeende ‘imperfection’ van die paleontologiese rekord bevraagteken word. Prominente biologiese denkers worstel met die probleem van kontinuïteit en diskontinuïteit. Een van hierdie outeurs stel dat die verhale met dieselfde grondleggende valstrik begin en dan voortgaan op ’n soortgelyke foutiewe wyse. Daar word begin met die gevaarlikste mentale valstrik, die verborge aanname wat as vanselfsprekend aanvaar word, indien dit hoegenaamd erken word, naamlik ’n basiese definisie van evolusie as kontinue vloei.

Reflexions sur L'Evolution de L'Enseignement de la Biologie en Afrique.

Science.gov (United States)

Sasson, A.

1980-01-01

Reviews the main stages of the evolution of biology teaching in Africa. Discusses the UNESCO pilot project, the teaching aids produced for English- and French-speaking countries of Africa, and the "Teacher's Guide on the Biology of Human Populations" and projects needs for further assistance. (CS)

Biologie statt Philosophie? Evolutionäre Kulturerklärungen und ihre Grenzen

Science.gov (United States)

Illies, Christian

Vor über siebzig Jahren fand man in einer Höhle nahe Hohlenstein-Stadel, im heutigen Baden-Württemberg, eine Frau, die keiner bekannten Spezies und nicht einmal eindeutig den Hominiden zugeordnet werden konnte. Wegen ihres Aussehens wurde sie schon bald als "Löwenfrau“ bekannt (unterdessen wird sie als "Löwenmensch“ bezeichnet, da die in solchen Fragen Klarheit schaffenden Geschlechtsteile bei der Figur fehlen und in Zeiten von gender mainstreaming derartige Festlegungen gerne vermieden werden), denn sie hatte eine menschlich-aufrechte, unbehaarte Gestalt mit weiblichen Rundungen, aber zugleich eine Mähne, sowie Augen, Ohren und Schnauze eines Löwen. Eine sehr weitläufige Verwandte des Minotaurus, so schien es, und doch wesentlich älter als alle Bewohner des Olymps, denn vermutlich wurde die knapp 30 cm große Skulptur bereits in der Altsteinzeit vor etwa 32.000 Jahren aus Mammut-Elfenbein geschnitzt. Wir wissen nicht, ob sie kultischen Zwecken diente oder ein Kind mit ihr spielte, ob sie als Glücksbringer für die Jagd oder als Schamanin mit Löwenmaske verehrt und gefürchtet wurde. Aber die Löwenfrau legt nahe, dass der Mensch schon im Morgendämmern seiner Kultur über die eigene Nähe, aber auch Distanz zum Tier nachgedacht haben muss. Die Frage nach der menschlichen Selbstverortung begegnet uns in dieser Figur, und sie bestimmt viele Zeugnisse menschlichen Nachdenkens, welche uns die Altertumswissenschaften vorlegen. Mit dem Begriff "animal rationale“, wie er unter Bezug auf Aristoteles geprägt wurde, findet sie schließlich ihre klassische, für das Abendland lange Zeit maßgebliche Antwort: Der Mensch als Tier, dessen spezifisches Merkmal die Vernunftbegabtheit ist, die ihn zugleich von allen anderen Tieren abgrenzt und über sie stellt. Aber wo genau verläuft die Grenze? Und wie kann der Mensch beides zugleich sein? Die aristotelische Definition beantwortet diese Fragen nach der Doppelnatur nicht, sondern erhebt das offene Rätsel gleichsam zur Wesensbestimmung des Menschen.

[The French medecine pricing committee and the medicine economic policy: Rules and competences].

Science.gov (United States)

Giorgi, D

2017-09-01

The French medicine pricing committee (CEPS), a governmental and inter-institutional body exercises essential competences for the regulation of the economy of the reimbursable drugs in France. It provides a good example of administered price regulation. It also supervises the proper use of products (control of promotion, conventional control of sales volumes). Finally, it regulates the annual envelope of drug expenditures by means of discounts paid by pharmaceutical companies. The article presents the legal criteria and the doctrine of price setting used in France. It details the types of market access contracts concluded by the CEPS. It specifies the conditions governing the annual envelope of expenditures on reimbursable medicines. Copyright © 2017 Académie Nationale de Pharmacie. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Interventional techniques in medicine and radioprotection; Les techniques interventionnelles en medecine et radioprotection

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Le Guen, B.; Bar, O.; Benderitter, M.; Bourguignon, M.; Chevillard, S.; Gauron, Ch.; Lallemand, J.; Lombard, J.; Maccia, C.; Sapoval, M.; Bernier, M.O.; Pirard, Ph.; Jacob, S.; Donadille, L.; Aubert, B.; Clairand, I.; Mozziconacci, J.G.; Brot, A.M.; Jarrige, V.; Huet, Ch.; Marchal, C.; Martin, M.; Bar, O.; Degrange, J.P.; Livarek, B.; Menechal, Ph.; Sapoval, M.; Pellerin, O.

2009-07-01

This document gathers the slides of the available presentations given during this conference day. Nineteen presentations are assembled in the document and deal with: 1 - Interventional radiology: why is it developing? (M. Sapoval); 2 - exposure particularities in interventional radiology (O. Bar); 3 - doses received by organs in interventional cardiology (C. Maccia); 4 - Patients exposure: description of cumulated exposure of patients treated in interventional cardiology (M.O. Bernier); 5 - 2004 inquiry to dermatologists about post-interventional radiology radio-dermatitis (P. Pirard); 6 - exposure and risks to operators (S. Jacob); 7 - dosimetric evaluation techniques and results about interventional imaging operators' extremities (L. Donadille and F. Merat); 8 - bibliographic study of doses received by operators with non-protected organs (B. Aubert); 9 - ORAMED European project: optimization of operational dosimeter uses in interventional radiology (I. Clairand); 10 - reference levels and dosimetric evaluation of patients (C. Maccia); 11 - optimization in coronary angioplasty (J.G. Mozziconacci, A.M. Brot and V. Jarrige); 12 - dosimetry in medical over-exposure situation (C. Huet); 13 - significant radioprotection events in interventional radiology declared to the Nuclear Safety Authority (ASN) - status and experience feedback (C. Marchal); 14 - interventional radiology and unwanted effects (M. Benderitter); 15 - global analyses and new exposure indicators in human epidermis cells (M. Martin); 16 - radioprotection regulations and training (O. Bar); 17 - zoning and workplace analysis in interventional cardiology (J.P. Degrange); 18 - guide of good clinical practices: example of interventional cardiology (B. Livarek); 19 - how to encourage the radioprotection optimization in interventional radiology: the ASN's point of view (P. Menechal). (J.S.)

B-Zell-Lymphome der Haut - Pathogenese, Diagnostik und Therapie.

Science.gov (United States)

Nicolay, Jan P; Wobser, Marion

2016-12-01

Primär kutane B-Zell-Lymphome (PCBCL) beschreiben reifzellige lymphoproliferative Erkrankungen der B-Zell-Reihe, die primär die Haut betreffen. Die Biologie und der klinische Verlauf der einzelnen PCBCL-Subtypen variieren untereinander stark und unterscheiden sich grundsätzlich von primär nodalen und systemischen B-Zell-Lymphomen. Primär kutane Marginalzonenlymphome (PCMZL) und primäre kutane follikuläre Keimzentrumslymphome (PCFCL) werden auf Grund ihres unkomplizierten Verlaufs und ihrer exzellenten Prognose zu den indolenten PCBCL gezählt. Demgegenüber stellen die diffus großzelligen B-Zell-Lymphome, hauptsächlich vom Beintyp (DLBCL, LT) die aggressiveren PCBCL-Varianten mit schlechterer Prognose dar. Für die Ausbreitungsdiagnostik und die Therapieentscheidung sind eine genaue histologische und immunhistochemische Klassifizierung sowie der Ausschluss einer systemischen Beteiligung in Abgrenzung zu nodalen oder systemischen Lymphomen notwendig. Die Diagnostik sollte dabei durch molekularbiologische Untersuchungen unterstützt werden. Therapeutisch stehen für die indolenten PCBCL primär operative und radioonkologische Maßnahmen im Vordergrund sowie eine Systemtherapie mit dem CD20-Antikörper Rituximab bei disseminiertem Befall. Die aggressiveren Varianten sollten in erster Linie mit Kombinationen aus Rituximab und Polychemotherapieschemata wie z. B. dem CHOP-Schema oder Modifikationen davon behandelt werden. Auf Grund der in allen seinen Einzelheiten noch nicht vollständig verstandenen Pathogenese und Biologie sowie des begrenzten Therapiespektrums der PCBCL besteht hier, speziell beim DLBCL, LT, noch erheblicher Forschungsbedarf. © 2016 Deutsche Dermatologische Gesellschaft (DDG). Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Origin, Nature, Disposal and Control of Radioactive Wastes Arising from the Use of Radioisotopes; Origine, Nature, Elimination et Controle des Dechets Radioactifs Decoulant de l'Emploi des Radioisotopes; 041f 0420 041e 0414 ; Origen, Naturaleza, Evacuacion y Control de los Desechos Radiactivos Producidos en la Utilizacion de Radioisotopos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kenny, A. W. [Ministry of Housing and Local Government (United Kingdom)

1960-07-01

The paper describes the different types of radioactive waste arising from industrial, medical and scientific uses of radioisotopes. An outline is given of methods used for waste disposal, depending on the content of radioactivity. (author) [French] L'auteur decrit les differents types de dechets radioactifs decoulant de l'utilisation de radioisotopes dans l'industrie, en medecine et dans la science. Il donne un apercu des methodes employees pour l'elimination des dechets selon leur teneur en elements radioactifs. (author) [Spanish] En la memoria se describen los diferentes tipos de desechos radiactivos producidos por la utilizacion industrial, medica y cientifica de los radioisotopos y se hace una exposicion de los metodos empleados para la evacuacion de desechos segun su contenido radiactivo. (author) [Russian] V doklade daetsja opisanie razlichnyh tipov radioaktivnyh othodov, voznikajushhih v rezul'tate promyshlennogo, medicinskogo i nauchnogo ispol'zovanija radioizotopov. Osobo razbirajutsja metody, ispol'zuemye dlja udalenija radioaktivnyh othodov v zavisimosti ot ih radioaktivnosti. (author)

Integrating mental health into primary care for displaced populations: the experience of Mindanao, Philippines

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gil Tatiana

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background For more than forty years, episodes of violence in the Mindanao conflict have recurrently led to civilian displacement. In 2008, Medecins Sans Frontieres set up a mental health program integrated into primary health care in Mindanao Region. In this article, we describe a model of mental health care and the characteristics and outcomes of patients attending mental health services. Methods Psychologists working in mobile clinics assessed patients referred by trained clinicians located at primary level. They provided psychological first aid, brief psychotherapy and referral for severe patients. Patient characteristics and outcomes in terms of Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ20 and Global Assessment of Functioning score (GAF are described. Results Among the 463 adult patients diagnosed with a common mental disorder with at least two visits, median SRQ20 score diminished from 7 to 3 (p Conclusions Brief psychotherapy sessions provided at primary level during emergencies can potentially improve patients' symptoms of distress.

CERN Academic Training Programme 2008/2009

CERN Multimedia

HR Department

2009-01-01

LECTURE SERIES 20, 21, 22 April 2009 11:00-12:00 - TH Auditorium, Bldg. 4-3-006 The Use of Radiation Detectors in Medecine: The Future of Molecular Imaging and Multimodality Imaging Prof. Alberto Del Guerra / Dep. of Physics "E. Fermi", Univ. of Pise and INFN, Italy The development of radiation detectors in the field of nuclear and particle physics has had a terrific impact in medical imaging since this latter discipline took off in the late 70s with the invention of the CT scanners. The massive use in high energy physics of position-sensitive gas detectors, of high Z and high density scintillators coupled to Photomultiplier (PMT) and Position Sensitive Photomultipliers (PSPMT), and of solid state detectors has triggered during the last 30 years a series of novel applications in Medical Imaging with ionizing radiation. The accelerated scientific progression in genetics and molecular biology has finally generated what is now called Molecular Imaging. This field of research p...

CERN Academic Training Programme 2008/2009

CERN Multimedia

HR Department

2009-01-01

LECTURE SERIES 20, 21, 22 April 2009 11:00-12:00 - TH Auditorium, Bldg. 4-3-006 The Use of Radiation Detectors in Medecine: The Future of Molecular Imaging and Multimodality Imaging Prof. Alberto Del Guerra / Dep. of Physics "E. Fermi", Univ. of Pise and INFN, Italy The development of radiation detectors in the field of nuclear and particle physics has had a terrific impact in medical imaging since this latter discipline took off in the late 70s with the invention of the CT scanners. The massive use in high energy physics of position-sensitive gas detectors, of high Z and high density scintillators coupled to Photomultiplier (PMT) and Position Sensitive Photomultipliers (PSPMT), and of solid state detectors has triggered during the last 30 years a series of novel applications in Medical Imaging with ionizing radiation. The accelerated scientific progression in genetics and molecular biology has finally generated what is now called Molecular Imaging. This field of research presents addition...

Analýza interakcí rodičovských genomů mezidruhového hybrida S. latifolia x S. viscosa na cytogenetické úrovni

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Marková, Michaela

2006-01-01

Roč. 100, č. 5 (2006), s. 395-396 ISSN 0009-2770. [Mezioborové setkání mladých vědeckých a výzkumných pracovníků z oborů chemie, biochemie a molekulární biologie /6./. 14.06.2006-17.06.2006, Devět skal - Žďárské vrchy] R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA521/05/2076; GA ČR(CZ) GD204/05/H505 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z50040507 Keywords : interspecific hybrid * GISH * Silene Subject RIV: BO - Biophysics

Estery vybraných mastných kyselin a biologicky aktivních alkoholů jako možné hormonogenní látky při regulaci hmyzích škůdců

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Jurček, O.; Moravcová, J.; Wimmer, Zdeněk

2006-01-01

Roč. 100, č. 5 (2006), s. 387-388 ISSN 0009-2770. [Mezioborové setkání mladých vědeckých a výzkumných pracovníků z oboru chemie, biochemie, molekulární biologie a oborů příbuzných. Konference Sigma-Aldrich /6./. 14.06.2006-17.06.2006, Devět skal] R&D Projects: GA MŠk(CZ) OC D29.001 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z40550506 Keywords : esters * hormonogen substances Subject RIV: CC - Organic Chemistry

Biotransformace monoterpenických směsí pomocí in vitro kultury Picea abies

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Dvořáková, M.; Valterová, Irena; Vaněk, Tomáš

2006-01-01

Roč. 100, č. 5 (2006), s. 380 ISSN 0009-2770. [Mezioborové setkání mladých vědeckých a výzkumných pracovníků z oboru chemie, biochemie, molekulární biologie a oborů příbuzných. Konference Sigma-Aldrich /6./. 14.06.2006-17.06.2006, Devět skal] R&D Projects: GA MŠk 1P04OC926.001 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z40550506 Keywords : biotransformation * turpentine * in vitro culture Subject RIV: CC - Organic Chemistry

Syntéza modifikovaných nukleozidov a oligonukleotidov nesúcich bipyridínové alebo fenantrolínové ligandy

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Vrábel, Milan; Hocek, Michal

2006-01-01

Roč. 100, č. 5 (2006), s. 411 ISSN 0009-2770. [Mezioborové setkání mladých vědeckých a výzkumných pracovníků z oboru chemie, biochemie, molekulární biologie a oborů příbuzných. Konference Sigma-Aldrich /6./. 14.06.2006-17.06.2006, Devět skal] R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA203/03/0035 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z40550506 Keywords : oligonucleotides * electrochemistry * cross coupling reactions Subject RIV: CC - Organic Chemistry

Le poin: Mondialisation, Agro-industries, Globalisation des Modes alimentaires et Nouveaux Enjeux Sanitaires : L’Agriculture Biologique, peut-elle être, une solution du problème [Globalization, Agri-industries, food globalization and sanitary new challenges : Organic agriculture, can it be a solution

OpenAIRE

Hassini TSAKI

2016-01-01

Les nutritionnistes, épidémiologistes, chercheurs de biologie, médecins, agrobiologistes et autres compétences de vocations connexes demeurent, aujourd’hui et pour une plus juste définition et diagnostic de ces phénomènes liés à la nutrition et santé publique, dans la nécessité pour une meilleure approche d’intégration des informations, de privilégier l’établissement d’une synthèse collégiale sur les différents aspects d’incidences de nos nouveaux modes alimentaires en relation avec les nom...

Relation entre la structure des peuplements et la pollution métallique dans les fonds sableux de la zone littorale. Aspects méthodologiques

OpenAIRE

Dessaint, Fabrice

1985-01-01

La pollution marine, et particulièrement l'accumulation de polluants métalliques dans les sédiments, influe non seulement sur la biologie des espèces considérées individuellement, mais aussi (en conséquence) sur la composition qualitative et quantitative des peuplements : les rapports d'équilibre entre les différentes espèces sont en effet modifiées. Ces modifications de peuplement sont plus faciles à décrire, sur la base de la présence ou de l'absence des différentes espèces et de leurs p...

Zeker weten? Leren de kwaliteit van biologie-onderzoek te bewaken in 5 vwo

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Schalk, H.H.

2006-01-01

In Dutch pre-university biology education, students often conduct their own research with enthusiasm, but that enthusiasm does not guarantee quality. To ensure the quality of scientific research one needs to understand the empirical argumentation which plays a role in every phase of research. In two

« Les OGM face aux nouveaux paradigmes de la biologie »

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Grosclaude Jeanne

2009-03-01

Full Text Available The assessment and risk management of GMOs are inherited from the paradigm of molecular biology born in the 1960s and from theories of evolutionary biology dominant in the years that saw the onset of GMOs. But these paradigms have been greatly challenged by recent advances in these disciplines : the dissolution of the concept of gene, the identification of epigenetic phenomena transmitted hereditarily, the discovery of the new continent of microRNAs, the metapopulation theory, the ability to trace gene flow over long distances, imply otherwise consider the properties of a genetically modified organism, whether or not dedicated to the dispersion in the environment. A symposium organized last february in Paris, in the framework of the ANR GMOs was designed to take the measure of these transformations of the paradigms of biology and to let clear how these results force to rethink the impacts of GMOs in the light of the new biology.

Microscopie de fluorescence de protéines autofluorescentes uniques pour la biologie cellulaire

Science.gov (United States)

Cognet, Laurent; Coussen, Françoise; Choquet, Daniel; Lounis, Brahim

In this paper we review the applicability of autofluorescent proteins for single-molecule imaging in biology. The photophysical characteristics of several mutants of the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) and those of DsRed are compared and critically discussed for their use in cellular biology. The alternative use of two-photon excitation at the single-molecule level or Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy is envisaged for the study of individual autofluorescent proteins. Single-molecule experiments performed in live cells using eGFP and preferably eYFP fusion proteins are reviewed. Finally, the first use at the single-molecule level of citrine, a more photostable variant of the eYFP is reported when fused to a receptor for neurotransmitter in live cells. To cite this article: L. Cognet et al., C. R. Physique 3 (2002) 645-656.

Le féminin et la différence des sexes

OpenAIRE

Stitou, Rajaa

2013-01-01

L'être féminin ou masculin n'est pas seulement une affaire d'anatomie ou de biologie. Il est lié à la subjectivité, mais il porte aussi la marque d'une culture. Les rites et les mythes collectifs dont la fonction est de donner du sens à l'énigme du féminin et à ce qui différencie les sexes en témoignent avec force. Or que deviennent ces rites, dans lesquels chaque sujet s'implique singulièrement, face aux mutations culturelles? La pratique clinique auprès de sujets immigrés, confrontés à un m...

Evaluation de l'impact des activités anthropiques sur les organismes aquatiques dulçaquicoles. Méthodes et modèles pour la mesure de l'impact des rejets chimiques

OpenAIRE

Garric, J.

2008-01-01

/ Avant toute chose, je crois nécessaire de replacer le contexte de mes activités de chercheur à la fois au sein de l'organisme où j'ai réalisé ma carrière, mais également dans le cadre du domaine où j'ai travaillé, l'écotoxicologie. Après une formation en Sciences et Techniques de l'Eau à la faculté des Science de Montpellier (USTL) dans laquelle étaient étroitement associées des formations en chimie et en biologie, j'ai obtenu en 1980 un doctorat en Ecotoxicologie et Chimie de l'Environneme...

[Epigenetic regulations and cerebral plasticity: towards new therapeutic options in neurodegenerative diseases?

Science.gov (United States)

Merienne, Karine; Boutillier, Anne-Laurence

2016-01-01

Although revealed in the 1950's, epigenetics is still a fast-growing field. Its delineations continuously evolve and become clarified. In particular, "neuroepigenetics", a notion that encompasses epigenetic regulations associated with neuronal processes, appears very promising. Indeed, the challenge to be undertaken in this sub-field is double. On the one hand, it should bring molecular comprehension of specific neuronal processes, some of them falling within the long term regulations, such as learning and memory. On the other hand, it could bring therapeutic options for brain diseases, e.g. neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's or Huntington's diseases. © Société de Biologie, 2017.

KMT moving bed biofilm reactor (KMT MBBR) experience of a pilot plant in Spain. Proceso KMT de biomasa fija sobre lecho movil. Experiencias en planta piloto en Espaa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Montoya Aranda, A.; Rodrigo Alonso, J.C.

1994-01-01

It describes the experiments carried out by INFILCO ESPAOLA, S.A. in a pilot plant using the KMT Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor process involving a fixed biomass on a moveable bed. This is an innovative process for treating both industrial and urban waste waters with or without the elimination of nutrients. The experimental findings demonstrate the need for a minimum amount of space for the biologial reagent (in comparison with that required for active sludge EDARs). They also show the ease with which existing EDARs can be adapted with very little civil engineering work by increasing either the design capacity or the elimination of nutrients. 10 refs.

Découvre les sciences avec les petits débrouillards 39 expériences faciles et amusantes

CERN Document Server

2006-01-01

Comment plier des os sans les casser ? Peut-on enlever la rouille d’un vieux clou ? Est-ce facile de multiplier une plante ? Comment fabriquer un mini-geyser ? Un anneau de papier qui n’a qu’une seule face, est-ce possible ? Voilà quelques-unes des 40 énigmes et expériences que ce livre propose aux jeunes lecteurs curieux de comprendre le monde et les phénomènes qui les entourent. Une initiation aux grands principes de la physique, de la chimie et de la biologie, pour s’étonner et aussi épater ses amis ou sa famille.

Monsieur Tompkins s'explore lui-même aventures biologiques

CERN Document Server

Gamow, George

1970-01-01

L'éminent physicien George Gamow, aidé cette fois du biologiste Martynas Ycas, nous raconte, avec son talent et son humour bien connus, ce nouveau cycle des aventures de M. Tompkins. Après avoir suivi une série de conférences populaires, M. Tompkins fait la connaissance du conférencier, un professeur de physique de l'université, puis rencontre sa fille Maud et l'épouse. Il peut ainsi poursuivre en famille son initiation à la science. Guidé par son beau-père, il s'intéresse d'abord à la physique pure, puis à la biologie.

Fragile X mental retardation protein: A paradigm for translational control by RNA-binding proteins.

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Eileen; Joseph, Simpson

2015-07-01

Translational control is a common mechanism used to regulate gene expression and occur in bacteria to mammals. Typically in translational control, an RNA-binding protein binds to a unique sequence in the mRNA to regulate protein synthesis by the ribosomes. Alternatively, a protein may bind to or modify a translation factor to globally regulate protein synthesis by the cell. Here, we review translational control by the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), the absence of which causes the neurological disease, fragile X syndrome (FXS). Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. and Société française de biochimie et biologie Moléculaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved.

Thèses de doctorat

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

2004-04-01

Full Text Available Laurent Clauzade, Le cerveau chez Auguste Comte : de la biologie à la morale. La physiologie cérébrale, philosophie des sciences et physique sociale.Thèse soutenue le 4 novembre 2000 à l’Université de Lille III.Composition du jury : J. Gayon (Paris VII, J. Grange (Nancy II, B. Joly (Lille III, P. Macherey (Lille III, directeur de thèse.Notre thèse entreprend d’étudier la fonction et la signification d’une science du cerveau dans la philosophie d’Auguste Comte. Il y a deux enjeux dans l’in...

Claude Grignon, Claude Kordon, Sciences de l'homme et sciences de la nature. Essais d'épistémologie comparée

OpenAIRE

Rogel, Thierry

2011-01-01

Cet ouvrage est composé d'un ensemble de contributions faites au cours du séminaire « Sciences de l'homme et sciences de la nature » qui s'est tenu à la Maison des Sciences de l'Homme de 2003 à 2007. Ce séminaire portait sur les questions de l'unité des sciences et de la scientificité des « sciences de l'homme ». Les domaines abordés sont multiples et couvrent un large spectre de sciences - mathématiques, physique, chimie, cosmologie, archéologie, biologie, épidémiologie, économie, sociologie...

Energies, health, medicine. Low radiation doses; Energies, sante, medecine. Les faibles doses de rayonnement

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2004-07-01

This file concerns the biological radiation effects with a special mention for low radiation doses. The situation of knowledge in this area and the mechanisms of carcinogenesis are detailed, the different directions of researches are given. The radiation doses coming from medical examinations are given and compared with natural radioactivity. It constitutes a state of the situation on ionizing radiations, known effects, levels, natural radioactivity and the case of radon, medicine with diagnosis and radiotherapy. (N.C.)

[Physical cardiovascular activity in the physical preventive medecine of the diabetes mellitus type 2].

Science.gov (United States)

Rodríguez Rodríguez, Luis Pablo

2009-01-01

The indication of physical activity in patients with Diabetes mellitus type 2 and in the metabolic syndrome has a scientific proven evidence. There does no exist a general definite program of this activity. There is designed his methodology, modality, intensity, frequency and duration. The first results are presented in diabete type 2 patients and of them those who meet with metabolic syndrome by means of evaluation of the HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglycerides and IMC. On emphasizes that there is reached a very high and linear decrease of the HbA1c, with the individualized program of physical cardiovascular activity.

PLACE DU MEDECIN GENERALISTE, EN FRANCE, DANS LE PARCOURS DE SOINS DES MALADIES CHRONIQUES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Claude JAFFIOL

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Les maladies chroniques sont la première cause de décès et la source principale des dépenses de santé. Leur dépistage précoce devrait permettre de limiter leur gravité évolutive et de réduire sensiblement leur coût.Le médecin généraliste est le mieux placé pour assurer la prise en charge de ces affections tout au long du parcours de soins. Mais plusieurs obstacles limitent cette évidence : la diminution régulière du nombre de praticiens de premier recours affectant de nombreux bassins de santé en France,  mais aussi, pour ceux en activité, des difficultés tenant au manque de formation, de temps médical et à une rémunération inadaptée à la prise en charge de ces pathologies. De ce fait, la prévention des maladies chroniques est insuffisante, leur diagnostic souvent trop tardif,  tandis que leur suivi se heurte au défaut d’observance du traitement par le patient et, plus rarement, à l’inertie thérapeutique médicale.   C'est pourquoi, il faut revoir fondamentalement la prise en charge des patients  pour les rendre autonomes dans la gestion de leur affection tout en donnant au praticien les moyens de gérer et de coordonner efficacement les diverses étapes du parcours de soin. Cela exige de changer les mentalités de part et d'autre, mais aussi de donner au médecin les moyens financiers lui permettant de consacrer à ses patients plus de temps, au centre d'une nouvelle organisation interprofessionnelle. La prévention et l’éducation thérapeutique du patient (ETP sont les clés de cette révolution thérapeutique. Il convient, en outre,  de revoir la formation des étudiants en privilégiant les sciences humaines et les stages chez le praticien, en favorisant  un accès accru au numérique et en assurant la reconnaissance, par des mesures concrètes, de la place du médecin généraliste dans un nouveau parcours de soins où il doit avoir un rôle central de coordinateur.

Links between nuclear medicine and radiopharmacy; Structuration des liens entre medecine nucleaire et radiopharmacie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pelegrin, M. [Inserm, U896, CRLC Val-d' Aurelle-Paul-Lamarque, institut de recherche en cancerologie de Montpellier (IRCM), universite Montpellier 1, 34 - Montpellier (France); Francois-Joubert, A. [Service de medecine nucleaire, centre hospitalier de Chambery, 73 - Chambery (France); Chassel, M.L. [Radiopharmacie, service de pharmacie, centre hospitalier de Chambery, 73 - Chambrry (France); Desruet, M.D. [Service de radiopharmacie et service pharmaceutique, clinique universitaire de medecine nucleaire, CHU de Grenoble, 38 - Grenoble (France); Bolot, C. [Service de radiopharmacie, service pharmaceutique, centre de medecine nucleaire, groupement hospitalier Est, 69 - Bron (France); Lao, S. [Service de radiopharmacie, medecine nucleaire, hopital de l' Archet, 06 - Nice (France)

2010-11-15

Radiopharmaceuticals are nowadays under the responsibility of the radio-pharmacist because of their medicinal product status. Radiopharmacy belongs to the hospital pharmacy department, nevertheless, interactions with nuclear medicine department are important: rooms are included or located near nuclear medicine departments in order to respect radiation protection rules, more over staff, a part of the material and some activities are shared between the two departments. Consequently, it seems essential to formalize links between the radiopharmacy and the nuclear medicine department, setting the goals to avoid conflicts and to ensure patients' security. Modalities chosen for this formalization will depend on the establishment's organization. (authors)

Evaluating the Outcomes of a Peer-Mentoring Program for Students Transitioning to Postsecondary Education

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Lori Goff

2011-12-01

Full Text Available A peer-mentoring program was developed for students in an introductory biology course at a university in Ontario, Canada. Students could attend up to five peer-mentoring sessions during their first semester. Quantitative-survey, participation, and academic data spanning from 2003 through 2007 were reviewed for the purpose of evaluating the program. An objectives-oriented approach was used to determine if the program was meeting its goals to improve students’ introductory biology grades, facilitate transitioning experiences, and encourage students to pursue studies in biology. Data analysis revealed that students who participated in the program felt that it was a valuable experience. Students attending three or more sessions performed significantly better in their introductory biology courses, measured by final grades achieved, than those attending fewer sessions. There were no indications that the peer-mentoring program had any impact on students’ perceptions of transitioning to university or on their program selection preferences. Recommendations are made to improve the peer-mentoring program to better align its components and objectives.Un programme de mentorat par les pairs destiné aux étudiants qui suivent un cours d'introduction à la biologie a été implanter dans un université situé dans la province de l’Ontario. Les étudiants avaient accès à cinq séances de mentorat par les pairs au cours du premier semestre. Afin d’évaluer le programme, les chercheurs ont effectué des sondages quantitatifs, examiné la participation et les notes des étudiants entre 2003 et 2007. Ils ont utilisé une méthode axée sur les objectifs afin de déterminer si le programme atteignait ses objectifs qui consistaient à améliorer les notes des étudiants au cours d’introduction à la biologie, à faciliter leur transition et à les encourager à poursuivre des études en biologie. L'analyse des données révèle que les étudiants qui ont

Uses of radioactive isotopes and radiation sources in biological studies in U. A. R; Utilisation des radioisotopes et des sources de rayonnement dans les etudes biologiques en RAU

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hashish, S. E. [Radiobiology Department, U. A. R. Atomic Energy Establishment, Cairo, United Arab Republic (Egypt)

1970-01-15

An attempt is made to give examples rather than a review of the uses of radioactive isotopes and radiation sources in biological studies in U.A.R. Studies along these lines started early in 1955 and are still progressing. The prospects of future developments and improvements are unlimited. The studies are classified according to the radio technique adopted. The techniques so far used in U.A.R. include all the techniques known elsewhere. Some detailed modifications and combinations of more than one technique have been successfully introduced. Both in basic and applied biological studies, one or more of the following techniques have been applied, namely tracer technique, isotopic dilution analysis, autoradiography, radiochromatography and electrophoresis, double or multi-bioassays, radioactivation analysis, neutron absorption analysis, and use of different radiation source for somatic and/or genetic effect studies. Mass spectrometry for stable isotopic studies in the field of biology has been recently used. Studies undertaken in the applied fields of biology e. g, in medicine (diagnosis and therapy) and agriculture (soil, plant and animal) have proved extremely valuable from the practical and developmental points of view. (author) [French] Le mémoire a pour objet d'illustrer plutôt que d'exposer systématiquement les utilisations des radioisotopes et des sources de rayonnement dans des études biologiques en République Arabe Unie. Ces études, entreprises au début de 1955, se poursuivent. Les possibilités de développement et de perfectionnement sont illimitées. Les études sont classées d'après la radiotechnique adoptée. Les techniques régulièrement utilisées jusqu' à présent en République Arabe Unie couvrent toute la gamme des techniques connues ailleurs. On a réussi à apporter des modifications de détail et à combiner plusieurs techniques. Dans les études de biologie tant fondamentale qu' appliquée, une ou plusieurs des techniques suivantes

Revista Medicina: Cien ediciones de la última etapa

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Alfredo Jácome Roca

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Bajo la presidencia de César Augusto Pantoja y por iniciativa de José Francisco Socarrás, en 1978 se inició Medicina, publicación que vino a ocupar el lugar de la anterior Revista Médica como prolongación de ella. Inspirada en el estilo y diagramación de Medecine de Francia, fue del agrado del cuerpo médico nacional por su bella impresión y excelente contenido repartido en escritos de Medicina y Letras. Mario Camacho Pinto fue su editor durante muchos periodos y luego su Editor Emérito. Al igual que muchas otras revistas colombianas de salud, sufrió aulagas económicas y dificultades en el flujo de artículos publicables que trataban temas humanísticos y de reflexión, adicionados por otros de tipo científico. Por tres décadas, Medicina fue la divulgación del “tanque de pensamiento” que es la Academia, el máximo organismo médico nacional.

[Induced pluripotent stem cells: a new paradigm to study human tissues].

Science.gov (United States)

Sansac, Caroline; Assou, Said; Bouckenheimer, Julien; Lemaître, Jean-Marc; De Vos, John

2016-01-01

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are obtained by reprogramming differentiated cells through forced expression of four embryonic transcription factors. The discovery of this technology, able to transform a differentiated cell into a pluripotent cell, has profoundly shifted the paradigm of the concept of cell identity, since it is now possible to obtain in vitro any cell type from an initial sample of skin or blood cells from a healthy volunteer or patient. Applications of iPSCs are exceedingly large, and comprise the in vitro modeling of normal or pathological tissues, including for massive drug screening. They also open new therapeutic avenues in the field of regenerative medicine. © Société de Biologie, 2016.

[Georg Friedrich Nicolai: war physician against war].

Science.gov (United States)

van Bergen, L

2017-01-01

Georg Friedrich Nicolai was a German professor and heart specialist who was one of the few who protested against the war at the beginning of World War I. As a result, he lost his job and was convicted. After the war, right-wing nationalist students and lack of support from his university superiors made it impossible for him to teach. He left Germany in 1922, never to return. In his book, Die Biologie des Krieges (The Biology of War), which was published in neutral Switzerland in 1917, he contradicted the social Darwinist idea - supported by many physicians as well - that war strengthened humanity, people and races, physically and mentally. On the contrary, he argued, war is biologically counterproductive.

Zum Wissenschaftsverständnis der modernen Evolutionsbiologie

Science.gov (United States)

Sommer, Ralf J.

Die moderne Evolutionsbiologie hat ihren Ursprung in den Arbeiten von Charles Darwin und Alfred Wallace (Darwin 1963). Der gemeinsame Ausgangspunkt des Evolutionsgedanken ist dabei die Beobachtung, dass die biologische Welt nicht konstant ist. Biologische Systeme und alle darin lebenden Organismen unterliegen über längere Zeiträume hinweg einer stetigen Veränderung. Diese grundlegende Eigenschaft biologischer Systeme macht die Biologie zu einer historischen Wissenschaft und stellt einen wichtigen Gegensatz zu großen Teilen der Physik dar. Obwohl die Aussage von der Veränderlichkeit der Arten heute trivial klingt, war sie im 19. Jahrhundert eine Revolution, da die Konstanz der Arten und der Welt eine vorherrschende Stellung im damaligen Weltbild hatte (Amundson 2005).

L’INVASION DU RÉSEAU HYDROGRAPHIQUE FRANÇAIS PAR LES MOLLUSQUES CORBICULA SPP. MODALITÉ DE COLONISATION ET RÔLE PRÉPONDÉRANT DES CANAUX DE NAVIGATION.

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BRANCOTTE V.

2002-04-01

Full Text Available Originaire d’Asie et d’Afrique, Corbicula a colonisé la plupart des bassins hydrographiques européens depuis 1980. A la faveur de la découverte de nouvelles stations, les auteurs mettent en évidence l’importance du rôle des canaux de navigation dans la propagation du mollusque, par la mise en connexion des bassins versants et l’existence d’un milieu particulièrement favorable à la biologie de l’espèce. Corbicula a pénétré en France par au moins sept axes différents, parmi lesquels le Rhin joue un rôle prépondérant.

« Se sentir vivant » : quels enjeux d’éducation biologique ?

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Coquidé Maryline

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Avec un point de vue didactique, je discute des enjeux d’éducation biologique de « se sentir vivant ». Je distingue des perspectives d’enseignement de la biologie avec ceux d’éducation biologique, en reprenant ce que nos collègues allemands désignent par le concept Bildung. Je centre ensuite ma réflexion sur le corps et l’expérience vécue, la perception et la signification, en privilégiant un point de vue phénoménologique. Cette analyse est mise à l’épreuve selon trois approches du vivant: le vivant comme réduction, comme extension puis comme relations.

2013 German refrigeration and air conditioning meeting. Proceedings; Deutsche Kaelte- und Klimatagung 2013. Tagungsbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2013-07-01

These proceedings cover the following main topics: cryoengineering - superconduction / energy storage; cryoapplications in biology and medicine; metrology; adsorption processes; condensation/evaporation; working fluids / simulation; ice production; plants and compressors; expansion and ejectors or recooling; use of cooling (passenger car air conditioning, supermarket); refrigerants; plant efficiency; emissions and legislation; air conditioning and use of heat pumps; air quality and control; building technology and block-type thermal power stations. [German] Dieser Tagungsbericht enthaelt folgende Themenschwerpunkte: Kryotechnik - Supraleitung/Energiespeicher; Kryoanwendungen in der Biologie und Medizin; Messtechnik; Adsorptionsprozesse; Kondensation/Verdampfung; Arbeitsfluide/Simulation; Eiserzeugung; Anlagen und Verdichter; Expansion und Ejektoren bzw. Rueckkuehlung; Kaelteanwendung (PKW-Klimatisierung; Supermarkt); Kaeltemittel; Anlageneffizienz; Emissionen und Gesetzgebung; Klimatechnik und Waermepumpenanwendung; Luftqualitaet und Regelung; Gebaeudetechnik und BHKW.

Sal die ‘ewolusie’ vanaf biologie na lewenswetenskappe ‘uitsterwing’ van die vakgebied voorkom?

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Johanna G. Ferreira

2012-03-01

Full Text Available In hierdie artikel word die wysiging van die skoolvak van ‘biologie’ na ‘lewenswetenskappe’ bespreek, asook die gepaardgaande en verwagte implikasies van die verandering. Die vraag word gestel of die beoogde wysiging wel noemenswaardig is en of dit enigsins ‘n verskil aan die dalende belangstelling in die lewenswetenskappe op tersiêre vlak sal maak. Die wysigings in die nuwe kurrikula verhoog die relevansie van die vakinhoud vir leerders en vir die gemeenskap, maar sekere kwessies kry nie aandag nie. Voorstelle word gemaak om die kurrikulum te wysig en onderrigmetodes aan te pas om die nodige vaardighede by leerders te vestig.

Synthèse des connaissances sur l'écologie et la biologie des crabes ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Les crabes représentent un groupe faunistique assez diversifiés et particulier en fonction du rôle bio-écologique qu'ils jouent dans les écosystèmes aquatiques. Ces espèces sont de nos jours encore mal connues et méritent d'être étudiées dans le cadre de la mise en place des projets de gestions et de conservation.

Sterblichkeit: der paradoxe Kunstgriff des Lebens - Eine Betrachtung vor dem Hintergrund der modernen Biologie

Science.gov (United States)

Verbeek, Bernhard

Leben gibt es auf der Erde seit fast 4 Mio. Jahren, trotz allen Katastrophen. Die Idee des Lebens scheint unsterblich. Der Tod aber offenbar auch. Jedes Lebewesen ist davon bedroht, ja für Menschen und andere "höhere“ Lebewesen ist er im Lebensprogramm eingebaut - todsicher. Diese Tatsache ist alles andere als selbstverständlich. Ist sie überhaupt kompatibel mit dem Prinzip der Evolution, nach dem der am besten Angepasste überlebt?

Sponge culture: learning from biology and ecology = Spons cultuur: leren van biologie and ecologie

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Caralt, de S.

2007-01-01

Sponges produce secondary metabolites, which play several ecological roles (McClintock & Baker 2001) such us competition for the space (Martí 2005), antifouling activity (Martin & Uriz 1993, Becerro 1994), and deterrence from predators (e.g. Becerro et al. 2003).

Erste Nachweise sowie Kenntnisse zur Biologie von Cyclosa oculata (Araneae: Araneidae in der Schweiz

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Zschokke, Samuel

2007-06-01

Full Text Available The orb-web spider Cyclosa oculata (Walckenaer, 1802 was found at eleven localities in north-western Switzerland. All records were from wildflower strips ("Buntbrachen" with a relatively high proportion of dried vegetation from the previous year, a relatively low vegetation height and a low proportion of grasses in the vegetation. C. oculata built its vertical orb-web near the ground, deep in the vegetation. Among ecribellate orb-web spiders in Central Europe, C. oculata is unique because it sometimes builds rudimentary webs on which it stays, because it builds its cocoons into the web, and because its stabilimentum is long-lasting and consists largely of debris. Based on our observations, we deduce that the stabilimentum of C. oculata serves as camouflage.

Biologie et perspectives d'élevage de la crevette géante d'eau ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

... des thèses et livres portant sur la crevette d'eau douce Macrobrachium en général et de Macrobrachium vollenhovenii en particulier. Les larves vivent exclusivement en eau saumâtre. La nutrition larvaire est basée sur le plancton tandis que les adultes sont omnivores à dominance carnivore. La croissance se fait par des ...

The information system of health networks: the re-engeneering of the medecine in e-health

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Maryline Margueritte

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Health networks have developed devices for several years enabling coordinated care of patients in France, both medical plans that medico-psycho-social and human. Some have developed computerized health records shared for sharing useful information for the coordination and continuity of care. Since 2009 with the reform of the hospital you want to install the operating modes cooperative between professionals and users of the health system. Implementation of a health information system to ensure on the one hand, the transversality of the business process with the patient and secondly to measure the results of the medical and economic evolution of a complex system of information. The possibilities offered by the information technologies of information and communication enable the development of applications supporting increased participation "on line" for citizens. The "ambulatory" exporting health outside the walls. This is an innovative medicine that allows the patient to stay in his "home". In France, this re-engineering is based on four areas: a medical record, a collective ownership by the medical and paramedical professions, empowerment of patients and networking in the health sector.

Quality control in nuclear medicine;Mise en oeuvre du controle de qualite en medecine nucleaire

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Voyant, C. [Hopital de Castelluccio, unite de radiophysique, 20 - Ajaccio (France); Universite de Corse, CNRS UMR SPE 6134, 20 - Corte (France)

2010-03-15

Like in many nuclear medicine centers, the A.F.S.S.A.P.S. decision of November 25, 2008, has slightly changed our habits. The centers with medical physicist already made most of these controls, and this concept was not new for them. But what about the other centers? Sometimes, measures were made as expected, other times the manufacturers were expected to do them during the maintenance time, often nothing was formalized, and even in some cases nothing was done. Our experience in quality control in nuclear medicine is relatively recent, but we find interesting to raise some issues, including the duration for all these controls, the possible delegations, the means necessary to build them and difficulties in applying these controls. (author)

[Medecine, Law, and Knowledge Production about the "Civilized" War in the Long 19th Century].

Science.gov (United States)

Goltermann, Svenja

2015-01-01

The aim to 'civilize' warfare accompanied Medicine and International Law ever since the mid-19th century. However, the entanglement of Medicine and Law, crucial for such an endeavour, has not been taken into consideration so far; likewise, the huge importance of medical knowledge for the perception of wars and their ramifications did not garner much attention in historical research. Hence, by focusing on the 'long' 19th century, this paper shows, firstly, that the production of surgical knowledge during warfare aimed at measuring the effects of combat on human bodies in order to develop prognostic medical knowledge for future wars, as well as maintaining the combat strength of soldiers. Moreover, this knowledge production during warfare strived for the enhancement of medical competence in the diagnosis and treatment of wounds in general. Secondly, I show that this medical knowledge was not only relevant for warfare, but also crucial for the design of International Law: it served to nourish the debates among the so called 'civilized' nations about legitimate and illegitimate weaponry and warfare.

What expects rheumatologist from bone scan; Qu'attend le rhumatologue de la medecine nucleaire

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sutter, B. [Institut Calot, 62 - Berck sur Mer (France); Meys, E. [Centre Hospitalier Duchenne, 62 - Boulogne sur Mer (France)

2003-11-01

Conventional bone scintigraphy continues to be one of the most common diagnostic imaging requested by rheumatologist, despite development of new investigation modalities. Three (or two) phase bone scintigraphy, Single Photon Emission Computer Tomography have increased its value and provided new clinical roles. This review emphasizes through some practical clinical examples how to increase diagnostic value of the method, especially in the field of inflammatory diseases at early stages (rheumatoid arthritis and spondyl-arthropathy). Scintigraphy appears as a diagnostic tool, with requirements between clinical examination and radiographic examination-X Ray, computed tomography, ultrasonography, MRI. (author)

Genomicus 2018: karyotype evolutionary trees and on-the-fly synteny computing.

Science.gov (United States)

Nguyen, Nga Thi Thuy; Vincens, Pierre; Roest Crollius, Hugues; Louis, Alexandra

2018-01-04

Since 2010, the Genomicus web server is available online at http://genomicus.biologie.ens.fr/genomicus. This graphical browser provides access to comparative genomic analyses in four different phyla (Vertebrate, Plants, Fungi, and non vertebrate Metazoans). Users can analyse genomic information from extant species, as well as ancestral gene content and gene order for vertebrates and flowering plants, in an integrated evolutionary context. New analyses and visualization tools have recently been implemented in Genomicus Vertebrate. Karyotype structures from several genomes can now be compared along an evolutionary pathway (Multi-KaryotypeView), and synteny blocks can be computed and visualized between any two genomes (PhylDiagView). © The Author(s) 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.

Rückwärtsintegration - Zu den Verhältnissen Gymnasium, Hochschule und Arbeitswelt

Science.gov (United States)

Schmid, Gerhard; Heppner, Winfried; Focht, Eva

In seiner 2007 erschienen Sammlung von Vorträgen und Essays beschäftigt sich Wolfgang Frühwald, mit der Frage "Wieviel Wissen brauchen wir?“ [1] Die Kernproblematik moderner Wissenschaft und Forschung sieht der Autor, emeritierter Ordinarius für Neuere Deutsche Literaturwissenschaft und von 1992 bis 1997 Präsident der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft, einerseits in der zunehmenden Spezialisierung der Wissenschaftsbereiche, andererseits in der Gefahr der Abkoppelung der Naturwissenschaften von den Geisteswissenschaften. Wiederholt plädiert er dafür, über der rasanten Entwicklung beispielsweise in der Biologie und Physik, die historische, gesellschaftliche und besonders die ethische Dimension der Forschung nicht zu übersehen und fordert eine übergeordnete Theorie der Wissenschaft, die nur im Dialog zwischen den einzelnen Fachgebieten zu entwickeln sei.

URGENCES NOUVELLE VERSION

CERN Multimedia

Medical Service

2002-01-01

The table of emergency numbers that appeared in Bulletin 10/2002 is out of date. The updated version provided by the Medical Service appears on the following page. Please disregard the previous version. URGENT NEED OF A DOCTOR GENEVAPATIENT NOT FIT TO BE MOVED: Call your family doctor Or SOS MEDECINS (24H/24H) 748 49 50 Or ASSOC. OF GENEVA DOCTORS (7H-23H) 322 20 20 PATIENT CAN BE MOVED: HOPITAL CANTONAL 24 Micheli du Crest 372 33 11 382 33 11 CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL 6 rue Willy Donzé 382 68 18 382 45 55 MATERNITY 24 Micheli du Crest 382 68 16 382 33 11 OPHTALMOLOGY 22 Alcide Jentzer 382 84 00 HOPITAL DE LA TOUR Meyrin 719 61 11 CENTRE MEDICAL DE MEYRIN Champs Fréchets 719 74 00 URGENCES : FIRE BRIGADE 118 FIRE BRIGADE CERN 767 44 44 BESOIN URGENT D'AMBULANCE (GENEVE ET VAUD) : 144 POLICE 117 ANTI-POISON CENTRE 24H/24H 01 251 51 510 EUROPEAN EMERGENCY CALL: 112 FRANCE PATIENT NOT FIT TO BE MOVED: call your family doctor PATIENT CAN BE MOVED: ST. JULIE...

Biology 30: Grade 12 Diploma Examination = Biologie 30: Examen en vue du diplome 12 annee.

Science.gov (United States)

Alberta Dept. of Education, Edmonton. Student Evaluation Branch.

This document, in both English and French versions, is the Biology 30 Grade 12 Diploma Examination from Alberta Education. It is a 2.5 hour closed-book examination consisting of 48 multiple-choice and 8 numerical-response questions of equal value that are worth 70% of the examination, and 2 written-response questions of equal value worth 30% of…

L'UM6SS, L'ACADEMIE FRANÇAISE DE MEDECINE ET LES EDITIONS UM6SS

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Najia HAJJAJ-HASSOUNI

2017-05-01

Full Text Available EXTRACTSous le Haut Patronage de Sa Majesté Le Roi Mohammed VI, l’Université Mohammed VI des Sciences de la Santé a eu le privilège de recevoir l’Académie de médecine de France, qui pour sa première séance délocalisée à l’étranger, a choisi le Maroc et notre établissement.Parce que cette rencontre peut légitimement être considérée comme historique, il est bon d’en rappeler les éléments marquants. Son projet a particulièrement été défendu et porté, avec l’appui inconditionnel du Pr Abdelaziz Maaouni, Président Directeur Général, ....

Le systeme d’information des reseaux de sante: la reorganisation de la medecine en e-sante

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maryline Margueritte

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Les réseaux de santé ont développé depuis plusieurs années des dispositifs permettant une prise en charge coordonnée des patients en France, tant sur les plans médical que médico-psycho-social et humain. Certains ont développé des dossiers de santé partagés informatisés permettant la mise en commun d’informations utiles à la coordination et à la continuité des soins. Depuis 2009 avec la réforme de l’hôpital on veut installer des modes de fonctionnement coopératifs entre les professionnels et avec les usagers du système de santé. La mise en œuvre d’un système d’information de santé pour assurer d’une part, la transversalité du processus métier avec le patient et d’autre part pouvoir mesurer les résultats médicaux et économiques de cette évolution d’un système complexe d’information. Dans ce contexte, les possibilités offertes par les technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC permettent la mise en place d’applications favorisant une augmentation de la participation « on line » des citoyens. Le « virage ambulatoire » exporte la santé hors des murs. C’est une médecine innovante qui permet au patient de rester dans son « chez soi ». En France, ce re-engeneering repose sur quatre domaines : un dossier médical informatisé, une prise en charge collective par les professions médicales et paramédicales, une autonomisation et une mise en réseau du secteur de santé.

Que peut-on voir avec des neutrons? Une introduction pour des non spécialistes

Science.gov (United States)

Schweizer, J.

2005-11-01

Le neutron est une particule élémentaire qui a été découverte en 1932 par James Chadwick. Ses caractéristiques principales sont résumées dans le tableau I. Il a été utilisé pour la première fois par Clifford Shull en 1946 comme outil pour des expériences de diffusion. Cette technique s'est depuis constamment développée pour concerner tous les aspects de la matière condensée: physique, chimie, matériaux, biologie. Il s'agit d'un outil tout à fait exceptionnel car le neutron possède des propriétés uniques et particulièrement adaptées pour ces études.

An update on minding the gap in cancer.

Science.gov (United States)

Mesnil, Marc; Aasen, Trond; Boucher, Jonathan; Chépied, Amandine; Cronier, Laurent; Defamie, Norah; Kameritsch, Petra; Laird, Dale W; Lampe, Paul D; Lathia, Justin D; Leithe, Edward; Mehta, Parmender P; Monvoisin, Arnaud; Pogoda, Kristin; Sin, Wun-Chey; Tabernero, Arantxa; Yamasaki, Hiroshi; Yeh, Elizabeth S; Dagli, Maria Lucia Zaidan; Naus, Christian C

2018-01-01

This article is a report of the "International Colloquium on Gap junctions: 50Years of Impact on Cancer" that was held 8-9 September 2016, at the Amphitheater "Pôle Biologie Santé" of the University of Poitiers (Poitiers, France). The colloquium was organized by M Mesnil (Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France) and C Naus (University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada) to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the seminal work published in 1966 by Loewenstein and Kanno [Intercellular communication and the control of tissue growth: lack of communication between cancer cells, Nature, 116 (1966) 1248-1249] which initiated studies on the involvement of gap junctions in carcinogenesis. During the colloquium, 15 participants presented reviews or research updates in the field which are summarized below. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Radioactive indicators in biology and their medical applications; Indicateurs radioactifs en biologie et leurs applications medicales

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Morel, F

1950-12-01

This talk was given at the society of promotion of the national industry on December 1, 1949. The report is a pre-print of an article published in L'Industrie Nationale no.2 (1950). It presents the state-of-the-art of the use of artificial radioisotopes in biology and medicine: 1 - definitions (isotopes, decay, radiation emission); 2 - modalities of the use of radioisotopes in biology: basic instrumentation (Geiger-Mueller counter, counting techniques, photography, auto-histo-radiography); 3 - applications in physiology (digestive absorption, excretion, vascular exchanges, tracer techniques) and biochemistry (metabolism, thyroxine synthesis and fixation indicators, tracer techniques for drugs); 4 - radiotherapy, internal and external irradiation. (J.S.)

Nasopharyngeal carcinomas: from biology to clinic; Les carcinomes du nasopharynx: de la biologie a la clinique

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rivera, S.; Maingon, P. [Centre Georges-Francois-Leclerc, Dept. de Radiotherapie, 21 - Dijon (France); Keryer, C.; Busson, P. [Institut Gustave-Roussy, CNRS/UMR 8126, 94 - Villejuif (France)

2005-02-15

Nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC) are very different from other head and neck cancers because of their specific multi-factorial etiology and their geographic distribution. Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is implicated in onco-genesis of NPC in association with genetic alterations such as inactivation of the p16/Ink4, p19/ARF, RASSFI or Blu genes. Tumoral tissues include a very abundant characteristic lymphoid infiltrate. Inflammatory cytokines are produced by both malignant and infiltrating cells. There is no efficient immune response against the tumor. On the opposite, infiltrating lymphocytes might play a role in tumor development. Serological methods and detection of circulating viral DNA are expected to become useful for early detection of relapse and on a longer term for primary screening. NPC are often diagnosed at a late stage because patients may remain asymptomatic for a long time. Computed tomography (CT scan) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are complementary for the initial evaluation. Positron emission tomography (PET) is efficient for the evaluation of treatment efficiency and detection of relapses. Treatment is based on radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Their optimal use needs to be evaluated by phase III trials but positive results have been obtained by concomitant association of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Targeted therapies are being studied with strategies based on disruption of viral latency, use of replicative adeno-viruses or anti-tumor vaccination. (author)

[History of the Strasbourg Society of Biology].

Science.gov (United States)

Antony, Pierre; Romier, Christophe; Mantz, Jean-Marie

2017-01-01

The Society of Biology of Strasbourg (SBS) is a learned society that was created in 1919 based on the model of the Society of Biology of which it is a subsidiary. Like its Parisian colleague, SBS aims at diffusing and promoting scientific knowledge in biology. To achieve this goal, SBS initiated since its creation a dialogue interface between researchers in biology and physicians, and more recently with other scientific disciplines, industry and the civil society. At the dawn of its first century, the Society of Biology of Strasbourg must continue to reinvent itself to pursue its development and to fulfil its mission of sharing scientific knowledge. This work continues in strong collaboration with our partners that share with SBS the willingness to foster excellence in biological research in Strasbourg, its region and beyond. © Société de Biologie, 2017.

Comparaison de deux techniques d'identification des souches de levures de vinification basées sur le polymorphisme de l'ADN génomique: réaction de polymérisation en chaine (PCR et analyse des caryotypes (électrophorèse en champ pulsé

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Isabelle Masneuf-Pomarède

1994-06-01

Full Text Available Une nouvelle technique de la biologie moléculaire, la réaction de polymérisation en chaine (PCR permet l'identification des souches de levures de vinification. Mise en oeuvre directement sur levures entières, elle permet d'obtenir des profils variables selon les souches, par l'amplification de séquences d'ADN génomique. Utilisée sur lies, la PCR constitue un outil rapide et sensible pour le contrôle d'implantation des levains en vinification. Cependant le pouvoir discriminant de la PCR est inférieur à celui de l'électrophorèse en champ pulsé pour la caractérisation des souches de levures indigènes. Elle doit être considérée comme une technique complémentaire d'identification des souches de S. cerevisiae.

Stein-Schere-Papier

Science.gov (United States)

Springborn, Boris

Wie gewinnt man im Spiel? Die Analyse von Strategien bei Gesellschaftsspielen ist ein Thema der mathematischen Spieltheorie. Mit ihren Methoden kann man aber nicht nur Spiele wie Schach oder Skat untersuchen, sondern auch verschiedenste Konfliktsituationen, bei denen das Schicksal jedes einzelnen Akteurs nicht nur vom eigenen Verhalten abhängt, sondern auch vom Verhalten der anderen, die ebenso wie er versuchen, ein für sie selbst möglichst positives Ergebnis herauszuschlagen. Die Spieltheorie hat großen Einfluss in den Wirtschaftswissenschaften. Auch in der Psychologie, Soziologie, Biologie und der Militärwissenschaft findet sie Anwendung. In der folgenden Aufgabe geht es aber tatsächlich um ein Spiel, und zwar um ein sehr einfaches, das jeder kennt. Trotzdem ist die Lösung nicht ganz einfach, und wer sie findet, hat schon die eine oder andere grundlegende Idee der Spieltheorie verstanden.

Mutation d’un cours de biostatistiques : évaluation d’un dispositif d’autoformation sur le Web

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Grégoire Vincke

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Les biostatistiques représentent une discipline à l’intersection des mathématiques et de la biologie. Son.enseignement.relativement.récent.requiert.encore de nombreux ajustements en vue d’être adapté à son public, généralement peu enclin à la formulation mathématique et très sceptique quant à son utilité. Le dispositif présenté ici expérimente les potentialités du multimédia et l’interactivité du Web 2.0 dans le but de rendre les concepts importants plus abordables et les étudiants plus autonomes. Nous insisterons particulièrement sur les mesures développées pour optimiser l’auto-apprentissage via le Web et sur les modifications du contrat didactique qui en ont découlé.

Le poin: Mondialisation, Agro-industries, Globalisation des Modes alimentaires et Nouveaux Enjeux Sanitaires : L’Agriculture Biologique, peut-elle être, une solution du problème [Globalization, Agri-industries, food globalization and sanitary new challenges : Organic agriculture, can it be a solution

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Hassini TSAKI

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Les nutritionnistes, épidémiologistes, chercheurs de biologie, médecins, agrobiologistes et autres compétences de vocations connexes demeurent, aujourd’hui et pour une plus juste définition et diagnostic de ces phénomènes liés à la nutrition et santé publique, dans la nécessité pour une meilleure approche d’intégration des informations, de privilégier l’établissement d’une synthèse collégiale sur les différents aspects d’incidences de nos nouveaux modes alimentaires en relation avec les nombreuses et nouvelles maladies chroniques en développement dans nos sociétés modernes (obésité, maladies cardio-vasculaires, diabète, hypertension artérielle, cancers, etc.….

EMBO workshop al fin del mundo: a meeting on membrane trafficking and its implication for polarity and diseases.

Science.gov (United States)

Marzolo, María-Paz; Faundez, Victor; Galli, Thierry

2015-07-01

The EMBO worskhop at the "end of the world'" (al fin del mundo), a meeting on membrane trafficking and its implication for polarity and diseases, took place in the Chilean Patagonia surrounded by the landscapes once witnessed by Charles Darwin. The meeting showcased some of the best membrane trafficking science with an emphasis in neuroscience and disease models. Speakers from Europe, USA, South America and the graduate students behind it; embarked on an enthusiastic and eclectic dialog where a wide range of cell types, model genetic systems, and diseases where discussed. This meeting demonstrated the power of trafficking concepts to integrate diverse biology and to formulate mechanisms of normal and disease cells. © 2015 Société Française des Microscopies and Société de Biologie Cellulaire de France. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Guidelines for patient information in nuclear medicine;Guide pour l'information des patients en medecine nucleaire

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Anon.

2010-02-15

This guide for patients information in nuclear medicine is organised in the following manner: what is a medical examination in nuclear medicine, the preparation and the duration of the examination, the possible risks and the radiation doses, pregnancy, delayed menstruation and nursing and what to do after the examination. (N.C.)

[Causes of iron-deficiency anaemia in the internal medecine department of the national teaching hospital of Ouagadougou].

Science.gov (United States)

Nacoulma, Eric William Camille; Sakande, Jean; Ouermi, Alain; Tieno, Hervé; Drabo, Youssoufou Joseph

2008-01-01

This retrospective study in the internal medicine department of the national teaching hospital of Ouagadougou was conducted to identify the main causes of iron-deficiency anaemia. Among the 65 subjects meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria, mean haemoglobin was 7.5 g/dl, with mean serum ferritin 8.9 microg/l among women and 15.5 microg/l among men. The most common cause was chronic blood loss, and hookworm was a major cause in 19.6% of cases. These results suggest the need for preventive measures against iron deficiency and for reinforcement of the fight against diseases producing fecal blood loss.

Application of electronic paramagnetic, nuclear magnetic, γ-nuclear magnetic resonance, and defibrillation in experimental biology and medecine

Science.gov (United States)

Piruzyan, L. A.

2005-08-01

Nowadays an attention is paid to pathbreaking approaches to the therapy of different pathologies with EPR, NMR and NGR dialysis and mechanisms of physical factors influence in prophylactics and therapy of a number of diseases. Any pathology is evidently begins its development in atomic-molecular levels earlier then any morphologic alterations in tissues can be detected. We have studied the alterations of FR content in liver, spleen and brain in hypoxia and hyperoxia conditions. Under hypoxia and hyperoxia the FR concentrations are equal in all organs and tissues. However this ratio is different for some forms of leucosis. For different leucosis types gas mixtures the most adequate for the current pathology should be developed. Then we represent the method of biologic objects treatment with the energy of super-high frequency field (SIT) and the instrument for its performance. The study of magnetic heterogeneity of biologic systems proposes the new approach and a set of methods for medical and scientific purpose. Application of combined with chemotherapy extraction of anionic and cationic radicals from bloodstream using EPRD, NMRD and NGRD influence and also the single ions separate extraction using NGRD are able to detect and perhaps to cure their appearance in a period before neoformation. These studies should be carried out experimentally and clinically.

Bir Felaketin Anatomisi Bazar de La Charite Yangını

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Anıl Özgüç

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Bazar de la Charite, 1885 yılında Katolik Fransız Aristokratlan tarafından yardım ve hayır amacıyla Paris'de kurulmuştur. 1897 yılında yangına kadar yıllık bir organizasyon olarak varlığını sürdürmüştür. Yangında çoğu aristokrat 126 kişi hayatmı kaybetmiştir. Yangının ardından 30 ceset yakınlan tarafından teşhis edilememiş, kimliklendirme amacıyla diş hekimlerine başvurulmuştur. Dr. Oscar Amoedo'nun yürüttüğü çalışmalann sonucunda teşhis edilemeyen cesetler kimliklendirilmiştir. Dr. Oscar Amoedo, yangın sonrası kimliklendirmede diş hekimlerinin rolünü anlatan makalesi ve ardından yayınladığı “L'Art dentaire en Medecine Legale” adlı kitabıyla adli odontolojinin temellerini kurmuştur. Anahtar kelimeler: Bazar de la Charite, adli odontoloji, yangın, Paris

Applications of free-electron lasers to measurements of energy transfer in biopolymers and materials

Science.gov (United States)

Edwards, Glenn S.; Johnson, J. B.; Kozub, John A.; Tribble, Jerri A.; Wagner, Katrina

1992-08-01

Free-electron lasers (FELs) provide tunable, pulsed radiation in the infrared. Using the FEL as a pump beam, we are investigating the mechanisms for energy transfer between localized vibrational modes and between vibrational modes and lattice or phonon modes. Either a laser-Raman system or a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer will serve as the probe beam, with the attribute of placing the burden of detection on two conventional spectroscopic techniques that circumvent the limited response of infrared detectors. More specifically, the Raman effect inelastically shifts an exciting laser line, typically a visible frequency, by the energy of the vibrational mode; however, the shifted Raman lines also lie in the visible, allowing for detection with highly efficient visible detectors. With regards to FTIR spectroscopy, the multiplex advantage yields a distinct benefit for infrared detector response. Our group is investigating intramolecular and intermolecular energy transfer processes in both biopolymers and more traditional materials. For example, alkali halides contain a number of defect types that effectively transfer energy in an intermolecular process. Similarly, the functioning of biopolymers depends on efficient intramolecular energy transfer. Understanding these mechanisms will enhance our ability to modify biopolymers and materials with applications to biology, medecine, and materials science.

Digital platform for improving non-radiologists' and radiologists' interpretation of chest radiographs for suspected tuberculosis - a method for supporting task-shifting in developing countries

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Semakula-Katende, Namakula S.; Lucas, Susan [University of the Witwatersrand, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Witwatersrand (South Africa); Andronikou, Savvas [University of Bristol, Department of Radiology/CRIC Bristol, Bristol (United Kingdom); Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Department of Radiology, Bristol (United Kingdom)

2016-09-15

Shifting X-ray interpretation to non-radiologists can help to address radiologist shortages in developing countries. To determine the change in accuracy of non-radiologists and radiologists for the radiographic diagnosis of paediatric tuberculosis after a short skill-development course. Participants interpreted 15 paediatric chest radiographs before and after a 30-minute course using three possible responses: (1) diagnostic for tuberculosis, (2) abnormal but inconclusive for diagnosis of tuberculosis and (3) normal. We compared proportions of correct diagnoses, sensitivity, and specificity, before and after the course. We included 256 participants comprising 229 non-radiologists (134 radiographers, 32 paediatricians, 39 Medecins Sans Frontieres clinicians and 24 physicians including paediatricians) and 27 radiologists. Mean change proportions of correct diagnosis ranged from -27% to 53% for individuals and 9% to 20% for groups. All groups showed a statistically significant improvement. Mean change in diagnostic sensitivity ranged from -38% to 100% for individuals and from 16% to 41% for groups. All groups showed a statistically significant improvement. Mean change in specificity ranged from -57% to 57% for individuals and from -15% to -4% for groups. The decrease was statistically significant for physicians, paediatricians and radiographers. The course resulted in increased correct diagnoses and improved sensitivity at the expense of specificity. (orig.)

New structure–activity relationships of chalcone inhibitors of breast cancer resistance protein: polyspecificity toward inhibition and critical substitutions against cytotoxicity

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Rangel LP

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Luciana Pereira Rangel,1,2,* Evelyn Winter,1,3,* Charlotte Gauthier,1 Raphaël Terreux,4 Louise D Chiaradia-Delatorre,5 Alessandra Mascarello,5 Ricardo J Nunes,5 Rosendo A Yunes,5 Tania B Creczynski-Pasa,3 Sira Macalou,1 Doriane Lorendeau,1 Hélène Baubichon-Cortay,1 Antonio Ferreira-Pereira,2 Attilio Di Pietro11Equipe Labellisée Ligue 2013, BMSSI UMR 5086 CNRS/Université Lyon 1, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Lyon, France; 2Department of General Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; 3Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, PPGFAR, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; 4Equipe BISI, BMSSI UMR 5086 CNRS/Université Lyon 1, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Lyon, France; 5Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil*These authors contributed equally to this workAbstract: Adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2 plays a major role in cancer cell multidrug resistance, which contributes to low efficacy of chemotherapy. Chalcones were recently found to be potent and specific inhibitors, but unfortunately display a significant cytotoxicity. A cellular screening against ABCG2-mediated mitoxantrone efflux was performed here by flow cytometry on 54 chalcone derivatives from three different series with a wide panel of substituents. The identified leads, with submicromolar IC50 (half maximal inhibitory concentration values, showed that the previously identified 2'-OH-4',6'-dimethoxyphenyl, as A-ring, could be efficiently replaced by a 2'-naphthyl group, or a 3',4'-methylenedioxyphenyl with lower affinity. Such a structural variability indicates polyspecificity of the multidrug transporter for inhibitors. At least two methoxyl groups were necessary on B-ring for optimal inhibition, but substitution at positions 3, 4, and 5 induced cytotoxicity

Uranium isotopes determination in urine samples using alpha spectrometry and ICP-MS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rosa, Mychelle M.L.; Maihara, Vera A.; Tine, Fernanda D.; Santos, Sandra M.C.; Bonifacio, Rodrigo L.; Taddei, Maria HelenaT.

2015-01-01

The action of determining the concentration of uranium isotopes in biological samples, 'in vitro' bioassay, is an indirect method for evaluating the incorporation and quantification of these radionuclides internally deposited. When incorporated, these radionuclides tend to be disposed through excretion, with urine being the main source of data because it can be easily collected and analyzed. The most widely used methods for determination of uranium isotopes ( 234 U, 235 U and 238 U) are Alpha Spectrometry and ICP-MS. This work presents a comparative study for the determination of uranium isotopes using these two methodologies in real samples from occupationally exposed workers. In order to validate the methodology, a sample of the intercomparison exercise organized by PROCORAD (Association pour la Promotion du Controle de Qualite des Analyses de Biologie Medicale em Radiotoxicologie) was used, and the results were statistically compared applying the Student's t-test. (author)

Biologie de la reproduction du Cyprinidae, Barbus callensis dans le lac de barrage Hamiz (Algérie

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Ould Rouis, S.

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Reproductive Biology of the Cyprinidae, Barbus callensis in an Algerian Dam. The freshwater fish, Barbus callensis (Valenciennes, 1842 was studied from 2005 to 2007 for the first time in Hamiz dam. This species endemic of North African continent is widely spread in the rivers of Algeria. This reservoir is situated in Boumerdes 35 km southeast of Algiers. During these three years, the monthly sampling was carried out by trammel nets, fishing near the dike during one night. At the same time, the fry was captured with a transparent plastic bottle baited with breadcrumbs put down near the lakeshore. The monthly follow-up of the gonadosomatic ratio (RGS reveals that the spawning period occurred between April and May. The evolution of the condition factor (K shows low seasonal variations. However, a lower value appears in spring when the temperature increases and the breeding begins. The sex ratio is higher for the adult females (1:2.8, more than 26 cm. The first sexual maturity size (L50 is lower for males (19.6 cm than for females (27.7 cm.

Studie van de biologie en de kweek van zeebaars Dicentrarchus labrax (L.) in intensieve aquacultuurcondities

OpenAIRE

Verdonck, W.

1989-01-01

In Europe. the interest in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) as a culture fish is fast increasing. This results in a rapid expansion of sea bass culture and of that of other marine fish species. such as seabream (Sparus aurata) and turbot (Scophtalmus maximus). In 1983 a research project was started, with the aim of culturing sea bass in the thermal effluents of the nuclear power station at Doel. In this way the possibility of producing valuable proteins is created while at the same time therma...

Biologie, výskyt a regulace kostivalu lékařského(Symphytum officinale L.)

OpenAIRE

KOVÁŘOVÁ, Jaroslava

2014-01-01

The bacherol thesis with the title "Biology, incidence and regulation of common comfrey (Symphytum officinale L.)" deals with processing and presentation of accessible information about the weed common comfrey. First part of the bacherol thesis paid attention to information related to weed species general characteristics, occurrence and potential of their regulation. Prevailing part of the bacherol thesis occupied with the common comfrey characteristic and regulation possibilities. Informatio...

UM6SS, UNE JEUNE UNIVERSITÉ INNOVANTE A LA RENCONTRE DE L’ACADÉMIE FRANÇAISE DE MEDECINE

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Chakib NEJJARI

2017-05-01

Full Text Available EXTRACTPlacées sous le Haut Patronage de Sa Majesté Le Roi Mohammed VI, les journées du 24 et 25 avril 2017 resteront inscrites dans l’histoire de l’Université Mohammed VI des Sciences de la Santé ainsi que dans celle de l’Académie de médecine de France.En effet, l’Académie nationale de médecine française effectuait sa première séance délocalisée à l’étranger. Elle avait également choisi notre institution pour y tenir cette première séance organisée à l’étranger, ce auquel notre Université a été très sensible.Ce projet prestigieux a été porté par notre Président Directeur Général, le Pr Abdelaziz MAAOUNI qui l’a soutenu et suivi avec un intérêt permanent durant toutes les étapes de son organisation et jusqu’à sa réalisation ....

[Medecine and chemistry in the context of the Enlightenment: the thesis of the Lausanne physician Marc-Louis Vullyamoz].

Science.gov (United States)

Terrier, Georges

2003-01-01

The chemico-medical essay "De sale lactis essentiali" is a thesis presented in Leyden in 1756 by a physician from Lausanne, M.-L. Vullyamoz, to obtain the medical degree. It shows that chemistry has become a university science connected with medicine and that combustion was explained at that time by G. E. Stahl's theory of the phlogiston. It reminds us that the hypotheses of this German physician, which were part of the animistic doctrine, were widely adopted in Europe. In chemistry they began to fade in 1789 after the publication of Lavoisier's work on oxydation. Nevertheless, they have contributed to establish a modern science. In medicine Stahl's animism evolved towards vitalism, which survived in several forms. Vullyamoz's thesis, which presents chemical experiences intended to analyse and promote a popular medicine, is a testimony of the spirit of Enlightenment, which rejects dogmatism and tries to understand facts through observation and the use of reason.

The myeloid splenomegaly in a service of nuclear medicine; La splenomegalie myeloide dans un service de Medecine Nucleaire

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rain, J-D.; Najean, Y.; Billoty, C. [Service de Medecine Nucleaire, Hopital Saint-Louis, Paris (France)

1997-12-31

The existence in a Nuclear Medicine service of several in-vivo (scintigraphy and kinetic) and in-vitro (dosages) sections can contribute into a better knowledge of diseases due to the complementarity of the provided information. Exploration, since 1990, of 183 primary and secondary myeloid splenomegalies (MS) is a good example. These 183 patients have had a medullary scintigraphy with Technetium colloids and Indium Transferrin, 98, a measurement of the sanguine mass, 60, a kinetic study of Iron-Chromium erythropoiesis and 180, a dosage of pro-collagen III. These four examinations allowed confirming the MS diagnosis and orienting the prognostic. The medullary scintigraphy is able to show the poverty of marrow-sustaining tissues and allows measuring the splenomegaly. It helps evaluating the wealth of myelopoietic tissue and its extensions and confirming the spleenic erythropoiesis. The measure of sanguine mass specifies the existence and importance of true anaemia and hemodilution due to the splenomegaly. The kinetic study by Iron-Chromium indicates the medullary spleenic production, degree of dys-erythropoiesis, the presence of hemolysis and its location. It brings about important prognostic arguments and is a precious aid in making the difficult decision of indication of splenectomy. The pro-collagen III dosage is of a certain prognostic interest. The patients with less than 0.70 U/ml have a slow evolutivity of their disease, those with values within 0.70 to 1 U/ml have a more severe evolution, while for those having values higher than 1 U/ml the prognostic is bad on short terms. In conclusion, the diagnosis and prognostic of these examinations in MS justify maintenance of a plurality of in-vivo and in-vitro techniques in our services

DARWIN. An evolution code system for a large range of applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tsilanizara, A.; Diop, C.M.; Nimal, B.

2000-01-01

The aim of this article is to present the main capabilities of an evolution code system, DARWIN, developed at CEA (France). It is devoted to radioactivity studies in various application fields such as nuclear fuel cycle, dismantling, thermonuclear fusion, accelerator driven system, medecine etc. All types of nuclides are dealt with: actinides, fission products, activation products, spallation products. Physical quantities calculated by the code are isotope concentration, isotope mass, activity, radiotoxicity, gamma spectra, beta spectra, alpha spectra, neutron production by spontaneous fission and (α, n) reaction, residual heating, for any cooling times until geological times. Both analytical and numerical schemes are developed in the PEPIN2 depletion module of DARWIN to solve the generalized coupled differential depletion equations. The depletion module PEPIN2 is automatically linked to international evaluations (JEF2, ENDF/B6, EAF97...) both for decay data and cross-sections, and to some transport codes such as TRIPOLI, APOLLO2 and ERANOS. These transport codes provide neutronic data as self-shielded cross-sections and neutron fluxes. DARWIN includes a generator of radioisotope chain built automatically from decay modes and nuclear reaction types specified in the evaluation libraries. A 'search engine' allows to determine all formation ways of a considered isotope. Several examples are given for illustrating capabilities of DARWIN in different field applications. Some comparisons with other codes such as ORIGEN, FISPIN and FISPACT are also presented. (author)

Effect of Curcumin on Phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC in C2C12 Skeletal Muscle Cells

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F Ghanbarzadeh

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Introduction: AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK as key regulators of cell metabolism, plays a major role in the activation of catabolic pathways, such as glucose transport and fatty acid oxidation. Thus, activation of this pathway can be used in the treatment of diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Many studied proposed the effectiveness of the polyphenols present in rhizomes of turmeric (curcumin on diabetes and its related complications. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of curcumin as an activator of AMPK pathway in C2C12 muscle cells. Methods: This study was done on C2C12 skeletal muscle cell line. The cells were classified into two distinct groups: first group was treated with 40µM curcumin and the second one with 0.1% DMSO as a negative control. The phosphorylated (AMPK and phosphorylated acetyl COA carboxylase (ACC were evaluated and compared by Western blotting technique. Results: intracellular phosphorylated AMPK protein content in Curcumin-treated group was 132.6% and ACC protein phosphorylated was 366.47%. Conclusion: This study showed that the levels of phosphorylated AMPK and ACC protein in cells treated with curcumin are higher than the negative control. Thus curcumin can be regarded as an activator of AMPK activity in these cells and can assist as a potential target for making anti diabetic medecine that has a synergistic activity with insulin.

Médicos, cirujanos y curanderos en la capitanía general de Venezuela. Estudio de un expediente

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Texera Arnal, Yolanda

2000-06-01

Full Text Available

Based on a document of the colonial period this paper aims to show the difficulties of trying to regulate and control the practice of Medecine and surgery in the Capitanía General of Venezuela at the end of the colonial period (1802-1806, moment in which quackery was prevailing.

Digital Medien im Naturwissenschaftlichen Unterricht

CERN Document Server

Meßinger-Koppelt, Jenny

2014-01-01

„Morgens, 8 Uhr: Kurz vor der Schultür werden noch die neuesten Posts auf Facebook geliked, ein Selfie in die Whats-App-Gruppe hochgeladen oder auf YouTube noch ein #LOL-Video gestreamed. Dann klingelt es und die Digital Natives greifen wieder zu Stift, Papier und werden frontal mit Fakten gefüttert“ (A. Spang). Für Schüler sind Internet, Smartphone und Tablet-PC heute selbstverständlicher Teil ihrer Lernwelt. Und auch die Alltags- und Berufswelt ist ohne Informationstechnologien nicht mehr vorstellbar. Doch was bedeutet das für den Schulunterricht, insbesondere für die techniknahen Naturwissenschaften? Wie gelingt im Schulalltag die Balance zwischen Kreidezeit und interaktivem Whiteboard nach mittlerweile 30 Jahren Erfahrung mit Schulcomputern? Der vorliegende Sammelband präsentiert zahlreiche Praxisbeispiele aus dem Schulalltag zum sinnvollen Einsatz digitaler Medien im Biologie-, Chemie- und Physik-Unterricht sowie den aktuellen Stand der fachdidaktischen Forschung. Zu Wort kommen Hochschullehr...

Ein Mythos wird besichtigt. Le deuxième sexe von Simone de Beauvoir unter dem Mikroskop der Genderforschung

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Lieselotte Steinbrügge

2005-11-01

Full Text Available Aus Anlass des 50jährigen Jubiläums der Erstausgabe von Das andere Geschlecht haben namhafte Wissenschaftlerinnen aus den Gebieten Philosophie, Biologie, Soziologie, Psychoanalyse, Geschichte und Literatur das fast tausendseitige Standardwerk des Feminismus einer akribischen Lektüre unterzogen und dabei versucht, jene Fragen zu rekonstruieren, auf die das Werk bei seinem Erscheinen im Jahr 1949 eine Antwort gab. Die zeitlos scheinende Formel von der Konstruiertheit weiblicher Identität sollte wieder in ihren ursprünglichen Entstehungszusammenhang gestellt, die Autorin aus der mythischen Ferne in die kritische Nähe gerückt werden. Diese kritischen Lektüren sind insgesamt gut dokumentiert und erlauben meines Wissens zum ersten Mal einen Einblick in die Beauvoirsche Werkstatt. Ein weiterer – ebenfalls von Ingrid Galster herausgegebener – Band dokumentiert die Reaktionen, die unmittelbar nach Erscheinen von Le deuxième sexe in der französischen Presse erschienen sind.

Transcellular tunnel dynamics: Control of cellular dewetting by actomyosin contractility and I-BAR proteins.

Science.gov (United States)

Lemichez, Emmanuel; Gonzalez-Rodriguez, David; Bassereau, Patricia; Brochard-Wyart, Françoise

2013-03-01

Dewetting is the spontaneous withdrawal of a liquid film from a non-wettable surface by nucleation and growth of dry patches. Two recent reports now propose that the principles of dewetting explain the physical phenomena underpinning the opening of transendothelial cell macroaperture (TEM) tunnels, referred to as cellular dewetting. This was discovered by studying a group of bacterial toxins endowed with the property of corrupting actomyosin cytoskeleton contractility. For both liquid and cellular dewetting, the growth of holes is governed by a competition between surface forces and line tension. We also discuss how the dynamics of TEM opening and closure represent remarkable systems to investigate actin cytoskeleton regulation by sensors of plasma membrane curvature and investigate the impact on membrane tension and the role of TEM in vascular dysfunctions. Copyright © 2013 Soçiété Française des Microscopies and Soçiété de Biologie Cellulaire de France.

From primer design to validation of results - is it possible by using free software only? / De la proiectarea primerilor la validarea rezultatelor - este posibil utilizând doar programe gratuite?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Man Adrian

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Pentru a avea succes în experimentele de biologie moleculară, sunt necesare cunoștințe bune despre diversele metode și protocoale în acest domeniu. În biologia moleculară, manipularea corespunzătoare a acizilor nucleici este esențială, începând cu calitatea extracției până la testele efective (PCR, RT-PCR, qPCR, PCR array, clonare, etc. Deși multe dintre protocoale sunt “standardizate”, în practică sunt multe variabile care pot influența rezultatele experimentelor. Datorită importanței proiectării corecte a primerilor în metodele de tip PCR, ne vom concentra pe modul de proiectare și pe verificarea lor cu ajutorul programelor de calculator, dar de asemenea prezentăm și alte programe utile disponibile gratuit, care pot ajuta cercetătorii în domeniul biologiei moleculare

[Role of fatty acids in the nervous control of energy balance].

Science.gov (United States)

Magnan, Christophe; Luquet, Serge

2015-01-01

Fatty acid (FA)-sensitive neurons are present in the brain, especially the hypothalamus, and play a key role in the neural control of energy and glucose homeostasis including feeding behavior, insulin secretion and action. Subpopulations of neurons in the ventromedial and arcuate hypothalamic nuclei are selectively either inhibited or activated by FA. Molecular effectors of these FA effects include ion channels such as chloride, potassium or calcium. In addition at least half of the FA responses in ventromedial hypothalamic neurons are mediated by interaction with FAT/CD36, a FA translocator/receptor that does not require intracellular metabolism to activate downstream signaling. Recently, an important role of lipoprotein lipase in FA sensing has also been demonstrated not only in hypothalamus, but also in the hippocampus and striatum. Finally, FA overload might impair neural control of energy homeostasis through enhanced ceramide synthesis and may contribute to obesity and/or type 2 diabetes pathogenesis in predisposed subjects. © Société de Biologie, 2016.

Are cancer cells really softer than normal cells?

Science.gov (United States)

Alibert, Charlotte; Goud, Bruno; Manneville, Jean-Baptiste

2017-05-01

Solid tumours are often first diagnosed by palpation, suggesting that the tumour is more rigid than its surrounding environment. Paradoxically, individual cancer cells appear to be softer than their healthy counterparts. In this review, we first list the physiological reasons indicating that cancer cells may be more deformable than normal cells. Next, we describe the biophysical tools that have been developed in recent years to characterise and model cancer cell mechanics. By reviewing the experimental studies that compared the mechanics of individual normal and cancer cells, we argue that cancer cells can indeed be considered as softer than normal cells. We then focus on the intracellular elements that could be responsible for the softening of cancer cells. Finally, we ask whether the mechanical differences between normal and cancer cells can be used as diagnostic or prognostic markers of cancer progression. © 2017 Société Française des Microscopies and Société de Biologie Cellulaire de France. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Effect of Thymine Starvation on Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Synthesis in Escherichia coli

Science.gov (United States)

Luzzati, Denise

1966-01-01

Luzzati, Denise (Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France). Effect of thymine starvation on messenger ribonucleic acid synthesis in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 92:1435–1446. 1966.—During the course of thymine starvation, the rate of synthesis of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA, the rapidly labeled fraction of the RNA which decays in the presence of dinitrophenol or which hybridizes with deoxyribonucleic acid) decreases exponentially, in parallel with the viability of the thymine-starved bacteria. The ability of cell-free extracts of starved bacteria to incorporate ribonucleoside triphosphates into RNA was determined; it was found to be inferior to that of extracts from control cells. The analysis of the properties of cell-free extracts of starved cells shows that their decreased RNA polymerase activity is the consequence of a modification of their deoxyribonucleic acid, the ability of which to serve as a template for RNA polymerase decreases during starvation. PMID:5332402

Uranium isotopes determination in urine samples using alpha spectrometry and ICP-MS

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rosa, Mychelle M.L.; Maihara, Vera A. [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil); Tine, Fernanda D.; Santos, Sandra M.C.; Bonifacio, Rodrigo L.; Taddei, Maria HelenaT. [Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear (LAPOC/CNEN-MG), Pocos de Caldas, MG (Brazil). Laboratorio de Pocos de Caldas

2015-07-01

The action of determining the concentration of uranium isotopes in biological samples, 'in vitro' bioassay, is an indirect method for evaluating the incorporation and quantification of these radionuclides internally deposited. When incorporated, these radionuclides tend to be disposed through excretion, with urine being the main source of data because it can be easily collected and analyzed. The most widely used methods for determination of uranium isotopes ({sup 234}U, {sup 235}U and {sup 238}U) are Alpha Spectrometry and ICP-MS. This work presents a comparative study for the determination of uranium isotopes using these two methodologies in real samples from occupationally exposed workers. In order to validate the methodology, a sample of the intercomparison exercise organized by PROCORAD (Association pour la Promotion du Controle de Qualite des Analyses de Biologie Medicale em Radiotoxicologie) was used, and the results were statistically compared applying the Student's t-test. (author)

Wie wissenschaftlich ist der Evolutionsgedanke?

Science.gov (United States)

Vollmer, Gerhard

Darwin war ein besonnener Mann; alles Aufsehen war ihm zuwider. Trotzdem hat er eine Revolution ausgelöst, deren Wirkung nicht auf die Biologie beschränkt blieb. Seine Theorie lässt sich in fünf Teiltheorien zerlegen, die sich durch die Begriffe Artenwandel, Verwandtschaft alles Lebendigen und gemeinsamer Ursprung, Artenaufspaltung und Artenvielfalt, Gradualismus, natürliche Auslese charakterisieren lassen. Dadurch wurden mehrere religiöse und weitere weltanschauliche Überzeugungen in Frage gestellt. Deshalb wird die Evolutionstheorie auch heute noch vielfach kritisiert, ja bekämpft. Die Vorwürfe lassen sich ordnen nach den Kriterien, mit denen wir erfahrungswissenschaftliche Theorien beurteilen. Haltbar ist daran nur, dass es für die Evolutionstheorie zwar beliebig viele Bestätigungen gibt, aber nur wenige Widerlegungsmöglichkeiten. Durch die neuerdings entwickelten und durchgeführten Evolutionsexperimente ist die empirische Situation allerdings deutlich besser geworden. Am (erfahrungs)wissenschaftlichen Charakter der Evolutionstheorie besteht deshalb kein Zweifel.

Einstellung und Wissen von Lehramtsstudierenden zur Evolution - ein Vergleich zwischen Deutschland und der Türkei

Science.gov (United States)

Graf, Dittmar; Soran, Haluk

Es wird eine Untersuchung vorgestellt, in der Wissen und Überzeugungen von Lehramtsstudierenden aller Fächer zum Thema Evolution an zwei Universitäten in Deutschland und der Türkei erhoben worden sind. Die Befragung wurde in Dortmund und in Ankara durchgeführt. Es stellte sich heraus, dass ausgeprägte Defizite im Verständnis der Evolutionsmechanismen herrschen. Viele Studierende, insbesondere aus der Türkei, sind nicht von der Faktizität der Evolution überzeugt. Dies gilt sowohl für Studierende mit Fach Biologie als auch für Studierende mit anderen Fächern. Näher untersucht worden sind die Faktoren, die die Überzeugungen zur Evolution beeinflussen können, was ja in Anbetracht der hohen Ablehnungsrate der Evolution von besonderem Interesse ist. Das Vertrauen in die Wissenschaft spielt hierbei eine besondere Rolle: Wer der Wissenschaft vertraut, ist auch eher von der Evolution überzeugt, als diejenigen, die skeptisch gegenüber der Wissenschaft sind.

Diffraction des neutrons : principe, dispositifs expérimentaux et applications

Science.gov (United States)

Muller, C.

2003-02-01

La diffraction de neutrons, sur monocristal ou sur échantillon polycristallin (ou poudre), est une technique très largement utilisée, en science des matériaux comme en biologie, lorsque l'on souhaite déterminer la structure cristalline d'un composé ou d'une molécule. Toutefois, le degré de précision de la détermination structurale est très corrélé au choix de l'instrument utilisé. Il s'en suit que la question “comment choisir l'instrument le mieux adapté au composé et à la problématique ?" apparaît comme fondamentale. L'objectif de ce cours est de tenter de répondre à cette question en décrivant brièvement les caractéristiques instrumentales de différents diffractomètres, en exposant les avantages spécifiques des expériences de diffraction de neutrons et en donnant quelques exemples d'application.

Nano-formulations of drugs: Recent developments, impact and challenges.

Science.gov (United States)

Jeevanandam, Jaison; Chan, Yen San; Danquah, Michael K

2016-01-01

Nano-formulations of medicinal drugs have attracted the interest of many researchers for drug delivery applications. These nano-formulations enhance the properties of conventional drugs and are specific to the targeted delivery site. Dendrimers, polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, nano-emulsions and micelles are some of the nano-formulations that are gaining prominence in pharmaceutical industry for enhanced drug formulation. Wide varieties of synthesis methods are available for the preparation of nano-formulations to deliver drugs in biological system. The choice of synthesis methods depend on the size and shape of particulate formulation, biochemical properties of drug, and the targeted site. This article discusses recent developments in nano-formulation and the progressive impact on pharmaceutical research and industries. Additionally, process challenges relating to consistent generation of nano-formulations for drug delivery are discussed. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. and Société Française de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved.

[Guidelines to good execution of analysis: some applications and developments. Laboratoire d'Analyses de Biologie Me'dicale Lecoeur].

Science.gov (United States)

Lecoeur, Y

1998-01-01

The decree concerning the Guidelines for Good Execution of Analyses (GGEA) promulgated on December 4, 1994 entered into application on January 1, 1995. The definition and necessity for the GGEA is discussed in the first part of this article. Actually, the GGEA is a revolutionary change for biology laboratories which must now work within the framework of precise guidelines. This may raise certain problems for private laboratories. The goal of the GGEA is to assure good quality analyses and thus patient care. It is designed as a positive aid for the biologist. Thus after two years of application, it is time to improve the initial text taking into account experience in the field. In the future, the official authorities and leaders in the profession will have to choose between the GGEA and official approval.

Quality approach in hygiene in a nuclear medicine service; Demarche qualite en hygiene dans un service de medecine nucleaire

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Plogin, J

1998-10-29

The activities of nuclear medicine, by their constraints of radiation protection, present difficulties for rules of hygiene protocols. Considering the particular risks of certain techniques, the approach brings to the fore the compromise between radiation protection and hygiene and to adapt the recommendations to local specificities. (N.C.)

Advanced Operational Aviation Medicine Course (6th), Held at Centre de Medecine Aeronautique, Brussels, Belgium, 24-28 March 1980,

Science.gov (United States)

1981-05-01

militaires rdgissant l’aptitude m6dicale dui personnel navigant re- qui~rent 1’intdgriti absolue organique et fonctionnelle do l’apparoil circulatoire...Celui-ci visae *A rechercher une contre indication absolue au temporaire. *A rechercher ian. pries mddicamenteuae susceptible do modifier i’L.C.G...suoura froides , confusion, pouvant parfoim apparaltro pour des niveaux: trba bas. La constatation do troubls du rythme ou do is conduction, qui impose

Gamma Camera with Image Amplifier: Application in Nuclear Medicine; Camera Gamma a Amplificateur d'Image: Application en Medecine Nucleaire

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kellershohn, C.; Vernejoul, P. de; Desgrez, A. [CEA, Service Hospitalier Frederic Joliot, Orsay (France); Lequais, J.; Roux, G.; Lansiart, A. [CEA, Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette (France)

1969-05-15

The camera described has an optical system consisting of a lead grid collimator with 649 cylindrical channels 130 mm long and 5.5 mm in diameter; a detector consisting of a mosaic of 700 NaI(Tl) crystals with an effective diameter of 5.5 mm, length 20 mm, and a distance of 7.5 mm between the axes; and a light amplification device consisting of an initial image amplifier (No. 9463 of the French Thomson-Houston Company), the photocathode of which is in optical contact with the detector and is itself optically coupled to a second, high-gain light amplifier (P 829A, from English Electric Valve). In accordance with a principle first laid down during the preceding Conference on Medical Isotope Scanning organized by the International Atomic Energy Agency, this second amplifier may also be used as an electronic shutter operated by a photomultiplier which selects the light originating in the radio active source under examination. This device very effectively suppresses the background from the first amplifier tube. With reference to applications, the camera is used for two types of operation: firstly for the activation of the electronic shutter device, the rate of whose opening and shutting may reach 10 kHz; the background is almost entirely eliminated and it is possible with trace doses of conventional radionuclides to obtain images of such organs as the thyroid, liver, kidney, etc., in very short exposure times by comparison with customary scanning; secondly, by utilizing radionuclides of very short half-life with very high activities (of the order of several mCi), it is no longer necessary to effect suppression of the background whose repetition frequency is limited to 10 kHz. One can thus obtain ultrashort exposure times, e.g., about 1/20th of a second for an amount of 10 mCi of {sup 99m}Tc; such exposure times make cinematography possible. Various examples are supplied of applications making use of {sup 99m}Tc, {sup 137m}Ba and {sup 133}Xe in the field of vascular and cardiac haemodynamics as well as pulmonary ventilation. (author) [French] La camera decrite comprend une optique constituee par une grille de plomb collimatrice a 649 canaux cylindriques de 130 mm de longueur et 5,5 mm de diametre, un detecteur constitue par une mosaieque de 700 cristaux de Nal(Tl) d'un diametre utile de 5, 5 mm et d'une longueur de 20 mm avec une distance entre les axes de 7,5 mm, et un dispositif d'amplification de lumiere constitue par un premier amplificateur d'image n Ring-Operator 9463 de la Compagnie francaise Thomson-Houston dont la photocathode est en contact optique avec le detecteur et qui est lui-meme couple optiquement a un deuxieme amplificateur a grand gain de lumiere P829A de English Electric Valve. Suivant un principe expose pour la premiere fois durant la precedente conference organisee par l'Agence internationale de l'energie atomique sur l'exploration medicale (scanning) ce deuxieme amplificateur peut etre egalement utilise comme un obturateur electronique dont l'ouverture est commandee par un photomultiplicateur selectionnant la lumiere ayant pour origine la source radioactive examinee. Ce dispositif elimine tres efficacement le bruit de fond du premier tube amplificateur. Sur le plan des applications la camera est utilisee sous deux regimes de fonctionnement: d'une part,en mettant en jeu le dispositif d'obturation electronique dont la cadence d'ouverture et de fermeture peut atteindre 10 kHz, le bruit de fond est pratiquement elimine et il est possible de realiser avec des doses traceuses de radioelements conventionnels des images d'organes tels que la thyroiede, le foie, le rein, etc. en des temps de pose tres courts par rapport a la scintigraphie habituelle; d'autre part,en utilisant des radioelements a demi-vie effective tres courte a de tres hautes activites, de l'ordre de plusieurs millicuries Inverted-Question-Mark il n'est plus necessaire de mettre en jeu la suppression du bruit de fond et sa frequence de repetition limitee a 10 kHz; on peut alors realiser des temps de pose ultra-courts, de l'ordre de 1/20{sup e} de seconde pour un embol radioactif de 10 mCide {sup 99m}Tc par exemple; de tels temps de pose permettent la cinematographie. Divers exemples d'applications sont presentes utilisant le {sup 99m}Tc, le {sup 137m}Ba et le {sup 133}Xe dans le domaine de l'hemodynamique vasculaire et cardiaque ainsi quede la ventilation pulmonaire. (author)

Les arbres dans les systèmes agraires en zone sahélienne du Niger: mode de gestion, atouts et contraintes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Larwanou, M.

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Trees in the Agrarian Systems of the Sahelian Zone of Niger: Management Practices, Benefits and Constraints. In the Sahelian regions, tree is an integrated part of the farming systems. The present study concerns the tree management practices, their benefits and constraints. A survey was conducted in 7 village sites of the southwestern part of Niger according to a southnorth aridity gradient in order to understand how rural people manage trees in their farms. The objective was to analyse the systems, tree management practices, benefits and constraints. The results show that rural people of the arid zone manage and preserve trees in their farms better than the population of the semi-arid zone. Land fallow is practiced in 87.91% of the plots for a mean period of 4.4 years. Land clearing was also practiced by 98.9% of the questionned farmers and the mean number of trees that were not cut varied from 8 in the semi-arid zone to 20 in the arid zone. Trees in the farms were used to delimitate farms boundaries, improve soil fertility, to prepare traditional medecine and as energy source and timber. The sociocultural habits of the people are the main constraint to an adequate management of the tree resources. To change the current situation, sensitization and extension efforts of the new developped tree management techniques have to be carried out especially in the semi-arid zone.

Grade 12 Diploma Examination: Biology 30. January 1988 = Examen en vue du diplome douzieme annee: Biologie 30. Janvier 1988.

Science.gov (United States)

Alberta Dept. of Education, Edmonton.

Biology 30 is a 12th-grade science course for students in Alberta, Canada. This document is a final test for the course. Intended for administration during January 1988, it contains 80 multiple-choice questions and four written-response questions. Two-and-one-half hours are allowed for completing the test. No answer key is included since scoring…

Grade 12 Diploma Examination: Biology 30. January 1989 = Examen en vue du diplome douzieme annee: Biologie 30. Janvier 1989.

Science.gov (United States)

Alberta Dept. of Education, Edmonton.

Biology 30 is a 12th-grade science course for students in Alberta, Canada. This document is the final test for the course. Intended for administration during January 1989, it contains 70 multiple-choice questions and seven written-response questions. Two-and-one-half hours are allowed for completing the test. No answer key is included since…

Grade 12 Diploma Examination: Biology 30. June 1986. = Examen en vue du Diplome Douzieme Annee: Biologie 30. Juin 1986.

Science.gov (United States)

Alberta Dept. of Education, Edmonton.

Biology 30 is a twelfth-grade biology course for students in Alberta, Canada. This document is a final test for the course. Both English and French versions of the test are provided. Intended for administration during June 1986, it contains 80 multiple-choice questions and six written-response problems. Two-and-one-half hours are allowed for…

De Laboratoria Van Klinische Biologie in Belgie: Evolutie En Situatie Na Organisatie Van De Verpl1Chte Externe KWaliteitscontrole.

Science.gov (United States)

Libeer, J C; Gilleten, R; Lafontaine, A

1982-01-01

The evolution and the situation of the laboratories of clinical biology in Belgium is described. This paper gives a point of view of the locality, the activity and the employment in these laboratories.

Grade 12 Diploma Examination: Biology 30. June 1988 = Examen en vue du Diplome Douzieme Annee: Biologie 30. Juin 1988.

Science.gov (United States)

Alberta Dept. of Education, Edmonton.

Biology 30 is a 12th-grade science course for students in Alberta, Canada. This document is a final test for the course. Intended for administration during June, 1988, it contains 80 multiple-choice questions and five written-response questions. Two-and-one-half hours are allowed for completing the test. No answer key is included since scoring is…

Grade 12 Diploma Examination: Biology 30. June 1989 = Examen en vue du diplome douzieme annee: Biologie 30. Juin 1989.

Science.gov (United States)

Alberta Dept. of Education, Edmonton.

Biology 30 is a 12th-grade science course for students in Alberta, Canada. Intended for administration during June 1989, it contains 70 multiple-choice questions and 7 written-response questions. Two-and-one-half hours are allowed for completing the test. No answer key is included since scoring is done by the provincial education department. The…

AMP Short Course: Neurological, Psychiatric and Psychological Aspects of Aerospace Medicine (Aspects Neurologiques, Psychiatriques et Psychologiques de la Medecine Aerospatiale)

Science.gov (United States)

1991-09-01

States did riot comtplete its Etich medical speciality within acroispace medicine (iffers research program and curre: nly does not use unqecnrbtosI crp...Iii res ew iig the sleep) listor%. you cain deterriiine ’Il he obese liatierits knowni toi have sleep a1prica would be if there is art iinadeqcuate

Radiopharmaceutical prescription in nuclear medicine departments; La prescription medicale des radiopharmaceutiques au sein d'un service de medecine nucleaire

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Biechlin-Chassel, M.L. [Radiopharmacie, service de pharmacie, Centre hospitalier de Chambery, 73 - Chambery (France); Lao, S. [Service de medecine nucleaire, CHU-Hopital de l' Archet, 06 - Nice (France); Bolot, C. [Service de pharmacie, hospices civiles de Lyon, groupement hospitalier Est, 69 - Bron (France); Francois-Joubert, A. [Service de medecine nucleaire, centre hospitalier de Chambery, 73 - Chambery (France)

2010-11-15

In France, radiopharmaceutical prescription is often discussed depending to which juridical structure the nuclear medicine department is belonging. According to current regulation, this prescription is an obligation in a department linked to hospital with a pharmacy department inside. But situation remains unclear for independent nuclear medicine departments where physicians are not constrained to prescribe radiopharmaceuticals. However, as radiographers and nurses are only authorized to realize theirs acts in front of a medical prescription, one prescription must be realized. Nowadays, computerized prescription tools have been developed but only for radiopharmaceutical drugs and not for medical acts. In the aim to achieve a safer patient care, the prescription regulation may be applied whatever differences between nuclear medicines departments. (authors)

Current Aeromedical Issues in Rotary Wing Operations. (Problemes actuels de medecine aeronautique poses par les operations utilisant des voilures tournantes)

Science.gov (United States)

1999-08-01

harness design faults. the backache by examining and improving the design of aircraft cockpits and aircraft seats. The introduction of armoured seats...upwards and Much effort has gone into improving the lumbar support forwards. The weight of anterior body armour increases and comfort of ejection seats...point compartments require restraint straps be draped over flight restraint, crash attenuating pilot and aircrew seats jackets, survival vests

Paraboles et catastrophes

CERN Document Server

Thom, René

1983-01-01

René Thom, mathématicien français, membre de l'Académie des Sciences, s'est vu décerner en 1958 la médaille Field, équivalent du Prix Nobel en mathématiques, pour ses créations intellectuelles, la " théorie des catastrophes ", regard nouveau sur toutes les transformations qui adviennent de manière brusque, imprévisible, dramatique. Dans ces entretiens qui vont de la mathématique à l'embryologie, de la linguistique à l'anthropologie et à l'histoire, René Thom expose les grandes lignes de la théorie des catastrophes et passe en revue, avec un esprit à la fois critique et passionné, les grands thèmes scientifiques de notre époque, de la physique atomique à la biologie moléculaire, du " progrès " scientifique et technologique aux connexions complexes entre la société et la science. " Ce petit livre est une extraordinaire réussite en vulgarisation ". (Jean Largeault)

MyLabStocks: a web-application to manage molecular biology materials.

Science.gov (United States)

Chuffart, Florent; Yvert, Gaël

2014-05-01

Laboratory stocks are the hardware of research. They must be stored and managed with mimimum loss of material and information. Plasmids, oligonucleotides and strains are regularly exchanged between collaborators within and between laboratories. Managing and sharing information about every item is crucial for retrieval of reagents, for planning experiments and for reproducing past experimental results. We have developed a web-based application to manage stocks commonly used in a molecular biology laboratory. Its functionalities include user-defined privileges, visualization of plasmid maps directly from their sequence and the capacity to search items from fields of annotation or directly from a query sequence using BLAST. It is designed to handle records of plasmids, oligonucleotides, yeast strains, antibodies, pipettes and notebooks. Based on PHP/MySQL, it can easily be extended to handle other types of stocks and it can be installed on any server architecture. MyLabStocks is freely available from: https://forge.cbp.ens-lyon.fr/redmine/projects/mylabstocks under an open source licence. © 2014 Laboratoire de Biologie Moleculaire de la Cellule CNRS. Yeast published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Bactériophages et phagothérapie: utilisation de virus naturels pour traiter les infections bactériennes

Science.gov (United States)

Ravat, F.; Jault, P.; Gabard, J.

2015-01-01

Summary L’utilisation des bactériophages, prédateurs naturels des bactéries, est une technique pionnière efficace de lutte contre les infections bactériennes. Tombée dans l’oubli depuis un demi-siècle du coté occidental de l’ex-rideau de fer, elle fait toujours partie de l’arsenal thérapeutique des pays de l’ex-Europe de l’Est, au point de constituer une arme de choix dans la politique de santé publique de ces pays. l’émergence de bactéries multirésistantes et le risque de revenir à l’ère pré-antibiotique ont fait ressortir la phagothérapie de l’oubli injuste auquel elle avait été confinée. la biologie et la place du bactériophage dans la nature sont décrites ici. les tenants et les aboutissants de la phagothérapie et les conditions de son retour sur le devant de la scène sont explicitées. PMID:26668557

Chemical analysis of radioactive liquid wastes. Volumetric dosage of sulfates in the presence of phosphates, 'nitrochromazo' being used as an indicator; Analyse chimique des effluents radioactifs - dosage volumetrique des sulfates en presence de phosphates a l'aide du 'nitrochromazo' comme indicateur

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Testemale, G; Girault, J [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1969-07-01

A simple titration technique of SO{sub 4} ions in the presence of PO{sub 4} ions has been perfected. The pH of the medium is stated to 1,7-2,0 the colour of the indicator changes from violet to blue. The method is quick, accurate and can be fitted to biological studies or in the industry of fertilizes. The synthesis method of nitrochromazo (acid 2, 7 bis (4 nitro 2 sulfobenzene 1 azo) 1-8 hydroxynaphthalene 3-6 disulfonic) is described. (authors) [French] Une technique simple de titrage des ions SO{sub 4} en presence d'ions PO{sub 4} a ete mise au point. Le pH du milieu est fixe a 1,7-2,0, le virage de l'indicateur s'effectue du violet au bleu. La methode est rapide, precise et peut etre adaptee a des travaux de biologie ou dans l'industrie des engrais. La methode de synthese du 'Nitrochromazo' (acide 2, 7 bis (4 nitro 2 sulfobenzene 1 azo) 1-8 dihydroxynapthtalene 3-6 disulfonique) est decrite. (auteurs)

Identification of two frataxin isoforms in Zea mays: Structural and functional studies.

Science.gov (United States)

Buchensky, Celeste; Sánchez, Manuel; Carrillo, Martin; Palacios, Oscar; Capdevila, Mercè; Domínguez-Vera, Jose M; Busi, Maria V; Atrian, Sílvia; Pagani, Maria A; Gomez-Casati, Diego F

2017-09-01

Frataxin is a ubiquitous protein that plays a role in Fe-S cluster biosynthesis and iron and heme metabolism, although its molecular functions are not entirely clear. In non-photosynthetic eukaryotes, frataxin is encoded by a single gene, and the protein localizes to mitochondria. Here we report the presence of two functional frataxin isoforms in Zea mays, ZmFH-1 and ZmFH-2. We confirmed our previous findings regarding plant frataxins: both proteins have dual localization in mitochondria and chloroplasts. Physiological, biochemical and biophysical studies show some differences in the expression pattern, protection against oxidants and in the aggregation state of both isoforms, suggesting that the two frataxin homologs would play similar but not identical roles in plant cell metabolism. In addition, two specific features of plant frataxins were evidenced: their ability to form dimers and their tendency to undergo conformational change under oxygen exposure. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. and Société Française de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved.

[Emerging infectious diseases: complex, unpredictable processes].

Science.gov (United States)

Guégan, Jean-François

2016-01-01

In the light of a double approach, at first empirical, later theoretical and comparative, illustrated by the example of the Buruli ulcer and its mycobacterial agent Mycobacterium ulcerans on which I focused my research activity these last ten years by studying determinants and factors of emerging infectious or parasitic diseases, the complexity of events explaining emerging diseases will be presented. The cascade of events occurring at various levels of spatiotemporal scales and organization of life, which lead to the numerous observed emergences, nowadays requires better taking into account the interactions between host(s), pathogen(s) and the environment by including the behavior of both individuals and the population. In numerous research studies on emerging infectious diseases, microbial hazard is described rather than infectious disease risk, the latter resulting from the confrontation between an association of threatening phenomena, or hazards, and a susceptible population. Beyond, the theme of emerging infectious diseases and its links with global environmental and societal changes leads to reconsider some well-established knowledge in infectiology and parasitology. © Société de Biologie, 2017.

Victor Henri: 111 years of his equation.

Science.gov (United States)

Cornish-Bowden, Athel; Mazat, Jean-Pierre; Nicolas, Serge

2014-12-01

Victor Henri's great contribution to the understanding of enzyme kinetics and mechanism is not always given the credit that it deserves. In addition, his earlier work in experimental psychology is totally unknown to biochemists, and his later work in spectroscopy and photobiology almost equally so. Applying great rigour to his analysis he succeeded in obtaining a model of enzyme action that explained all of the observations available to him, and he showed why the considerable amount of work done in the preceding decade had not led to understanding. His view was that only physical chemistry could explain the behaviour of enzymes, and that models should be judged in accordance with their capacity not only to explain previously known facts but also to predict new observations against which they could be tested. The kinetic equation usually attributed to Michaelis and Menten was in reality due to him. His thesis of 1903 is now available in English. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. and Société française de biochimie et biologie Moléculaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved.

[Mycology in the 21st century: crisis and revitalization].

Science.gov (United States)

Silar, Philippe

2013-01-01

Although they are key players in the biosphere and have important roles in human industry, agriculture and health, fungi are largely understudied and, more disturbingly, often underrepresented in biology classes at all levels. Nevertheless, it is most likely that mycology will soon undergo a renewal of interest. Firstly, because fungi are becoming more prominent in human concerns, as their impact on human, animal and ecosystem health are increasing, animal and plant biologists become more aware of their importance. Moreover, mycologists have organized to make their discipline more visible and to enable large scale scientific projects, such as the global analyses of fungal phylogeny and of their genome structure, function and evolution. This, combined with the next generation of sequencing technologies, now permits an in depth and global understanding on how fungi are organized and how they function. It also enables the development of strategies that will help to fight fungi when they negatively interfere with human concerns, as in human mycosis, or to use them in industries such as in renewable energy usage. © Société de Biologie, 2014.

[Guidelines for certification of Activated clotting time (ACT) according to the EN ISO 22870 standards].

Science.gov (United States)

Lasne, Dominique; Bauters, Anne; Le Querrec, Agnès; Bourdin, Carole; Voisin, Sophie

2015-01-01

Point of care testing (POCT) must comply with regulatory requirements according to standard EN ISO 22870, which identify biologists as responsible for POCT. Activated clotting time (ACT) is mandatory to monitor on whole blood, anticoagulation achieved by unfractionated heparin during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) or cardiac catheterization. This test has no equivalent in the laboratory. With the aim to help the multidisciplinary groups for POCT supervision when they have to analyse the wish of medical departments to use ACT and to help the biologists to be in accordance with the standard, we present the guidelines of the GEHT (Groupe d'étude d'hémostase et thrombose) subcommittee "CEC et Biologie délocalisée" for the certification of ACT. These guidelines are based on the SFBC guidelines for the certification of POCT and on the analysis of the literature to ascertain the justification of clinical need and assess the analytical performance of main analyzers used in France, as well as on a survey conducted with French and Belgian biologists.

Pollutants in soil. An introduction to their analysis and evaluation, with practical experiments; Schadstoffe im Boden. Eine Einfuehrung in Analytik und Bewertung mit Versuchsanleitungen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lewandowski, J.; Leitschuh, S.; Koss, V.

1997-08-01

The book goes into soil pollutant mobility and analysis and into the interpretation of measured data. The authors took pains to present their subject in an easy-to-read manner. Practical exercises at the end of each chapter help the student to check up on his knowledge. In view of the Universities` current trend towards a more practice-oriented education, the detailed theoretical section is supplemented by a variety of experiments. The book addresses students of chemistry, geosciences, biology, engineering sciences etc. who are interested in environmental science. (orig.). 120 figs. [Deutsch] Die Mobilitaet von Bodenschadstoffen, ihre Analyse sowie die Interpretation von Messergebnissen sind die inhaltlichen Schwerpunkte dieses Lehrbuchs. Die Autoren haben besonderen Wert auf eine anschauliche Darstellung der Thematik gelegt. Uebungsaufgaben am Ende der einzelnen Kapitel dienen der Ueberpruefung des Wissens. Neben einem umfangreichen theoretischen Teil enthaelt das Buch auch eine Vielzahl detaillierter Versuchsanleitungen. Damit wird dem in den letzten Jahren gewachsenen Beduerfnis nach einer eher praxisorientierten Ausbildung an den Universitaeten Rechnung getragen. Das Buch eignet sich fuer umweltwissenschaftlich orientierte Studiengaenge in den Fachbereichen Chemie, Geowissenschaften, Biologie, Ingenieurwissenschaften o.ae. (orig.)

Necroptosis: Modules and molecular switches with therapeutic implications.

Science.gov (United States)

Arora, Deepika; Sharma, Pradeep Kumar; Siddiqui, Mohammed Haris; Shukla, Yogeshwer

2017-06-01

Among the various programmed cell death (PCD) pathways, "Necroptosis" has gained much importance as a novel paradigm of cell death. This pathway has emerged as a backup mechanism when physiologically conserved PCD (apoptosis) is non-functional either genetically or pathogenically. The expanding spectrum of necroptosis from physiological development to diverse patho-physiological disorders, including xenobiotics-mediated toxicity has now grabbed the attention worldwide. The efficient role of necroptosis regulators in disease development and management are under constant examination. In fact, few regulators (e.g. MLKL) have already paved their way towards clinical trials and others are in queue. In this review, emphasis has been paid to the various contributing factors and molecular switches that can regulate necroptosis. Here we linked the overview of current knowledge of this enigmatic signaling with magnitude of therapeutics that may underpin the opportunities for novel therapeutic approaches to suppress the pathogenesis of necroptosis-driven disorders. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. and Société Française de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved.

Structural evolution of the 4/1 genes and proteins in non-vascular and lower vascular plants.

Science.gov (United States)

Morozov, Sergey Y; Milyutina, Irina A; Bobrova, Vera K; Ryazantsev, Dmitry Y; Erokhina, Tatiana N; Zavriev, Sergey K; Agranovsky, Alexey A; Solovyev, Andrey G; Troitsky, Alexey V

2015-12-01

The 4/1 protein of unknown function is encoded by a single-copy gene in most higher plants. The 4/1 protein of Nicotiana tabacum (Nt-4/1 protein) has been shown to be alpha-helical and predominantly expressed in conductive tissues. Here, we report the analysis of 4/1 genes and the encoded proteins of lower land plants. Sequences of a number of 4/1 genes from liverworts, lycophytes, ferns and gymnosperms were determined and analyzed together with sequences available in databases. Most of the vascular plants were found to encode Magnoliophyta-like 4/1 proteins exhibiting previously described gene structure and protein properties. Identification of the 4/1-like proteins in hornworts, liverworts and charophyte algae (sister lineage to all land plants) but not in mosses suggests that 4/1 proteins are likely important for plant development but not required for a primary metabolic function of plant cell. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. and Société Française de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved.

Une collaboration constructive entre associations naturalistes et scientifiques : exemple de la modélisation de la distribution des amphibiens sur un département

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

PRÉAU, Clémentine

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Du fait de leurs bonnes connaissances des espèces et des milieux et de la mise en place de protocoles de suivi à grande échelle et sur le long terme, les réseaux associatifs naturalistes disposent de bases de données fiables, précieuses pour les scientifiques. Ainsi, dans cette étude, la valorisation d’une importante base de données de présence d’amphibiens via la modélisation de leur niche écologique a permis d’établir des cartes de répartition potentielle de quatre espèces protégées en France : le crapaud calamite, le triton crêté, la rainette arboricole et la rainette méridionale dans six départements français. Les résultats acquis permettront non seulement de mieux comprendre la biologie et l’écologie des espèces mais aussi d’aider à l’élaboration de plans d’actions de conservation dans les territoires concernés.

GRĂDINILE UNIVERSITARE: ISTORIA APARIŢIEI ŞI ROLUL LOR

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Natalia CIUBUC

2016-02-01

Full Text Available Istoria grădinilor universitare ne oferă posibilitatea nu doar să cunoaştem evoluţia acestora, dar şi particularităţile de amenajare a lor, sugerând şi soluţii interesante pentru grădinile din Republica Moldova, inclusiv pentru parcul USM. Fondarea parcului universitar în curtea USM a permis nu doar crearea unei ambianţe plăcute în incinta USM, dar vine să ofere o bază de studiu pentru studenţii dela Facultateade Biologie şi Pedologie. University Gardens: The History and the ImportanceThe history of the university gardens gives us not only the knowledge about their evolution, but also a appropriate description of their features and offer interesting solutions for the gardens fromMoldova, including USM garden. The USM court park foundation creates, not only a pleasant atmosphere inside USM, but also provides a basis for study for the students from the Faculty of Biology and Soil Science. 

Identifikace PHA produkujících bakterií pomocí nástrojů molekulární biologie

OpenAIRE

Gajdová, Barbora

2017-01-01

Tato diplomová práce se zabývá identifikací bakterií, které jsou schopny produkce polyhydroxyalkanoátů (PHA). Mezi testovanými bakteriemi byli převážně zástupci rodu Pseudomonas, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, dále vzorky z termofilní kultury a vzorky z přírodních zdrojů. Bakterie byly testovány pomocí molekulárně biologické metody PCR. Byla analyzována amplifikace genu kódujícího PHA syntázu (phaC). V první reakci byl detekován jak phaC gen zodpovědný za syntézu PHA, tak současně i 16S rRNA...

Selection of maintaining, method for keeping of biologial purity, patternship and health, regarding viruses infection of distinguished potato breeding lines

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luiza MIKE

2008-05-01

Full Text Available A large number of potato varieties and distinguished breeding lines disappeared as an effect of nonfavourable climatically conditions and especially by viruses diseases, as well as other biological and viruses degeneration. To avoid the negative effect of degeneration on potato varieties and distinguished breeding lines, the method of selection for maintaining and multiplication of potato is applying in Romania in the frame of National Center for Maintaining of potato varieties and distinguished breeding lines Apa Rosie, Covasna County, which belong to the Station for Research and Development of Potato, Targu Secuiesc, Covasna County.In this center are maintained and multiplied all distinguished varieties and breeding centers from Romania (National Institute for research and Development of Potato and Sugar beet Brasov, Research and Development Station for Agriculture Suceava, Research and Development Station for Potato Targu Secuiesc, Research and development Station for Potato Miercurea Ciuc.Using the method of selection for maintaining it is possible an early identification of somatic mutations, disease (especially viruses infection by visual elimination or by serological testing.The viruses’ infection of potato leads to disturbed the metabolism of plants and produces anatomical – morphological alters as: mosaic, crinkle, rolling, browning of leaves and plants deformation.The disturbing of plant metabolism has as negative effect the reduction of vegetation period, decreasing the yield capacity, depreciation of physical and chemical quality of tubers.The genetically complex structure of cultivated potato (2n = 4x = 48 and strong segregation of long – expected characters in the obtained future progeny by sexual hybridization, complicated many times by nonfavourable linkage, are the backgrounds for initiation of maintain selection.

SGLT2-inhibitors: a novel class for the treatment of type 2 diabetes introduction of SGLT2-inhibitors in clinical practice.

Science.gov (United States)

Cuypers, J; Mathieu, C; Benhalima, K

2013-01-01

Treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) continues to present challenges, with significant proportion of patients failing to achieve and maintain glycemic targets. Despite the availability of many oral antidiabetic agents, therapeutic efficacy is offset by side effects such as weight gain and hypoglycemia. Therefore, the search for novel therapeutic agents with an improved benefit-risk profile continues. Recent research has focused on the kidney as a potential therapeutic target, especially because maximal renal glucose reabsorption is increased in T2DM. Under normal physiological conditions, nearly all filtered glucose is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule of the nephron, principally via the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2). SGLT2-inhibitors are a new class of oral antidiabetics, which reduce hyperglycemia by increasing urinary glucose excretion independently of insulin secretion or action. Clinical results are promising with significant lowering of HbA1c without increased risk of hypoglycemia, reduction of body weight and reduction of systolic blood pressure. Dapagliflozin is the first highly selective SGLT2-inhibitor approved by the European Medecine Agency. Canagliflozin and empagliflozin are undergoing phase III trials. Actual safety issues are an increased risk for genital- and urinary tract infections and a possible increased risk for bladder and breast cancer. This led to refusal of dapagliflozin by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). A large randomized control trial is therefore warranted by the FDA. This review provides an overview of the current evidence available so far on the therapeutic potential of the SGLT2-inhibitors for the treatment of T2DM.

Using Fractal And Morphological Criteria For Automatic Classification Of Lung Diseases

Science.gov (United States)

Vehel, Jacques Levy

1989-11-01

Medical Images are difficult to analyze by means of classical image processing tools because they are very complex and irregular. Such shapes are obtained for instance in Nuclear Medecine with the spatial distribution of activity for organs such as lungs, liver, and heart. We have tried to apply two different theories to these signals: - Fractal Geometry deals with the analysis of complex irregular shapes which cannot well be described by the classical Euclidean geometry. - Integral Geometry treats sets globally and allows to introduce robust measures. We have computed three parameters on three kinds of Lung's SPECT images: normal, pulmonary embolism and chronic desease: - The commonly used fractal dimension (FD), that gives a measurement of the irregularity of the 3D shape. - The generalized lacunarity dimension (GLD), defined as the variance of the ratio of the local activity by the mean activity, which is only sensitive to the distribution and the size of gaps in the surface. - The Favard length that gives an approximation of the surface of a 3-D shape. The results show that each slice of the lung, considered as a 3D surface, is fractal and that the fractal dimension is the same for each slice and for the three kind of lungs; as for the lacunarity and Favard length, they are clearly different for normal lungs, pulmonary embolisms and chronic diseases. These results indicate that automatic classification of Lung's SPECT can be achieved, and that a quantitative measurement of the evolution of the disease could be made.

The fabulous legacy of a Nobel Prize Laureate

Science.gov (United States)

Zitvogel, Laurence; Merad, Miriam; Kroemer, Guido

2012-01-01

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medecine 2011 was awarded to Ralph M. Steinman, Jules A. Hoffman and Bruce A. Beutler for the discovery of essential elements of innate immunity, in particular dendritic cells (DCs) and toll-like receptors (TLRs). Antigens become immunogenic and capable of triggering an adaptive immune response involving antigen-specific, MHC- restricted effector T cells, only if they are captured and presented by “accessory” cells. In 1972, Ralph M. Steinman and Zanvil Cohn identified in lymphoid tissues, cells with treelike, arborescent morphology that they named “dendritic cells” (DC) (from the greek word “tree” for tree, δένδρον) with a superior ability to induce alloreactive T cell proliferation in vitro (1978) and to stimulate the rejection of kidney allotransplants in rodents (1982). Thirty years after their discovery, DCare now known to play a seminal role in bridging innate and adaptive immunity, In addition DC are being used in numerous clinical studies all over the world to increase immunity to infectious or tumor-associated antigens. This effort involved the contribution of an international network of basicand clinical scientists spearheaded by Ralph M. Steinman to defineappropriate culture conditions to generate ex vivo DC from circulating or bone marrow precursors, to definefunctionally distinct DC subsets, to identifytheir maturation pathways including those relying on the stimulation of TLRs, and finally to develop DC based-vaccines to immunize patients infected with HIV or affected by cancer. Here, we will detail the history of DC and outline the therapeutic implications of Ralph M. Steinman’s seminal discovery.

[New medical device hospital assessment: what kind of clinical data?].

Science.gov (United States)

Beaussier, H; Junot, H; Lancrenon, S; Faure, P

2012-01-01

Since 2003, the AP-HP medical devices committee (CODIMS) assess the therapeutic relevance of innovated medical device (MD) for the French AP-HP hospitals' group. To accomplish this task, the CODIMS asks manufacturers to bring out clinical arguments to justify the use of their MD in hospital. This work analyses retrospectively after 8years, all assessed MD until March 2011 and the scientific quality of the clinical data submitted by manufacturers to the CODIMS to purchase their MD. All MD were classed according to their certification's level (I, IIa, IIb, III, DMIA). The quality of available clinical studies (CS) provided by manufacturers for each case was assessed and classed according to five clinical relevance levels based on the evidence-based medecine standards (1-2: high methodology; 3-5: low methodology). One hundred and three MD files (80 % of class IIb and III MD) were analysed by the CODIMS (630CS). Our results highlight the lack of relevance of files that are provided to assess innovated MD: 29 files without any CS; concerning class IIb (32DMS, 221CS) and III (50, 342CS) MD, only 6 % of CS presented a correct clinical relevance level. And the situation did not get better during this assessment period. The CODIMS deplore the poor clinical relevance of files provided to assess MD (wrong comparator, inappropriate ends-points, insufficient follow-up to assess long-term security, small population studied). Future legislative developments for MD assessment are expected to improve this situation. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES IN PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY OF SCIENTIFIC AND EDUCATIONAL PERSONNEL IN THE SPHERE OF POST DIPLOMA MILITARY MEDECINE EDUCATION

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ivan F. Honcharenko

2014-08-01

Full Text Available The article deals with the place and the role of information and communication technologies in the scientific and pedagogical activity of pedagogical personnel in the sphere of post diploma military medicine education. The results of the questionnaire for the above mentioned personnel are presented in the article. There are emphasized and generalized the problems of information and communication competence formation of scientific and educational personnel in the sphere of post diploma military medicine using ICT in their teaching activities in the process of post-diploma education.

Physiopathologie et Pathologie des Affections du Rachis en Medecine Aerospatiale (Physiopathology and Pathology of Affections of the Spine in Aerospace Medicine),

Science.gov (United States)

1981-04-01

blassuras en r6sultant. R.G. SNYDER (230) observe que 90 individus survivant aprbs des chutes libres variant entre 30 et 274 m~tres, 9 sont vivants apr~a...ea. Cette affection touchant i’homme jeune, n’a pas une r6partition gdographinue uniforme. Elle intdrease particui~rement ins sujets vivant autour du

[Memory processes and executive functioning: novel trends for research].

Science.gov (United States)

Collette, Fabienne; Angel, Lucie

2015-01-01

The existence of processes common to memory systems and executive functioning was evidenced by studies in the domain of cerebral neuroimaging, individual differences (mainly in normal aging) and, to a lesser extent, neuropsychology. Executive functioning depends on a large antero-posterior brain network, some regions of which (the middle dorsolateral and ventrolateral cortex, the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex) are involved in a series of executive processes, but also in encoding and retrieval of information in episodic memory and short-term memory. A consequence of lesions in frontal areas is to impair strategical organization of the information to-be-processed (an executive process) and thus leads to a lower memory capacity in frontal patients. Moreover, executive abilities will influence both memory efficiency and the associated brain networks even in people without brain pathology. These data attest to the importance of the relationships between executive and memory processes for an optimal cognitive functioning. Recent advances in neuroimaging and electrophysiology data acquisition and analysis techniques should allow us to better determine and understand the fashion in which these relationships work. © Société de Biologie, 2016.

Hsp90: Friends, clients and natural foes.

Science.gov (United States)

Verma, Sharad; Goyal, Sukriti; Jamal, Salma; Singh, Aditi; Grover, Abhinav

2016-08-01

Hsp90, a homodimeric ATPase, is responsible for the correct folding of a number of newly synthesized polypeptides in addition to the correct folding of denatured/misfolded client proteins. It requires several co-chaperones and other partner proteins for chaperone activity. Due to the involvement of Hsp90-dependent client proteins in a variety of oncogenic signaling pathways, Hsp90 inhibition has emerged as one of the leading strategies for anticancer chemotherapeutics. Most of Hsp90 inhibitors blocks the N terminal ATP binding pocket and prevents the conformational changes which are essential for the loading of co-chaperones and client proteins. Several other inhibitors have also been reported which disrupt chaperone cycle in ways other than binding to N terminal ATP binding pocket. The Hsp90 inhibition is associated with heat shock response, mediated by HSF-1, to overcome the loss of Hsp90 and sustain cell survival. This review is an attempt to give an over view of all the important players of chaperone cycle. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. and Société Française de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved.

Histoire d'une cité scientifique le campus du CNRS à Gif-sur-Yvette (1946-2016)

CERN Document Server

2016-01-01

L'histoire du campus de Gif-sur-Yvette, cité scientifique de renommée internationale, commence en 1946, à l'heure de la reconstruction de la recherche française, ajuste après le deuxième conflit mondial. L'histoire du campus de Gif-sur-Yvette, cité scientifique de renommée internationale, commence en 1946, à l'heure de la reconstruction de la recherche française, ajuste après le deuxième conflit mondial. À cette époque, l'on cherche à favoriser l'émergence d'études nouvelles, à soutenir les travaux fondamentaux sans s'interdire de réfléchir à leurs applications, ou encore à stimuler l'interdisciplinarité. L'acquisition du domaine par le CNRS reflète alors l'ambition de son directeur, Frédéric Joliot-Curie, de refonder la Recherche scientifique et de restaurer son rayonnement. Depuis, le campus de Gif-sur-Yvette a connu une formidable aventure, aussi bien humaine que scientifique. Pionnier dans de nombreux domaines, en biologie, en chimie mais aussi en sciences du climat et de l'env...

Secretome within the bone marrow microenvironment: A basis for mesenchymal stem cell treatment and role in cancer dormancy.

Science.gov (United States)

Eltoukhy, Hussam S; Sinha, Garima; Moore, Caitlyn; Gergues, Marina; Rameshwar, Pranela

2018-05-31

The secretome produced by cells within the bone marrow is significant to homeostasis. The bone marrow, a well-studied organ, has multiple niches with distinct roles for supporting stem cell functions. Thus, an understanding of mediators involved in the regulation of stem cells could serve as a model for clinical problems and solutions such as tissue repair and regeneration. The exosome secretome of bone marrow stem cells is a developing area of research with respect to the regenerative potential by bone marrow cell, particularly the mesenchymal stem cells. The bone marrow niche regulates endogenous processes such as hematopoiesis but could also support the survival of tumors such as facilitating the cancer stem cells to exist in dormancy for decades. The bone marrow-derived secretome will be critical to future development of therapeutic strategies for oncologic diseases, in addition to regenerative medicine. This article discusses the importance for parallel studies to determine how the same secretome may compromise safety during the use of stem cells in regenerative medicine. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. and Société Française de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved.

Studies on the rice seed (Oryza sativa) sensitivity to gama radiation, neutrons di-enthyl sulphate (DES) and sodium azide (SA)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Guimaraes, E.P.

1978-04-01

Dry rice seeds of 'Dourado Precoce' variety were treated with gama-rays, thermal and fast neutrons, di-ethyl sulphate (DES) and sodium azide (SA). Biologial effects on survival, seedling height, plant fertility and chlorophy 11 mutation frequency were studied in the M 1 generation. The data obtained were analysed by 'independent test'. Survival was not affected by increased gama ray dosage, but by increased DES and SA dosages, as well as by SA treatments with increased solution acidity for seeds pretreated in distilled water. Seedling height was decreased with the increase of gama-ray dosage, DES concentration. SA acidity and concentration. Plant fertility was reduced drastically with higher gama-ray and neutron dosages and with high SA acidity and concentrations. The maximum chlorophy 11 mutation frequency was obtained in the SA treatment. Seeds pretreated with distilled water showed larger physiological damages in the SA treatments and higher mutation frequencies. Regarding chlorophyll mutation frequency, thermal neutrons were more efficient than gama-rays. SA was the most efficient mutagen used . DES showed lower physiological damages in the M 1 plants, but did not induce mutations in the used conditions [pt

Der evolutionäre Naturalismus in der Ethik

Science.gov (United States)

Kaiser, Marie I.

Charles Darwin hat eindrucksvoll gezeigt, dass der Mensch ebenso wie alle anderen Lebewesen ein Produkt der biologischen Evolution ist. Die sich an Darwin anschließende Forschung hat außerdem plausibel gemacht, dass sich nicht nur viele der körperlichen Merkmale des Menschen, sondern auch (zumindest einige) seiner Verhaltensdispositionen in adaptiven Selektionsprozessen herausgebildet haben. Die Vorstellung, dass auch die menschliche Moralität evolutionär bedingt ist, scheint daher auf den ersten Blick ganz überzeugend. Schließlich hat die Evolutionstheorie in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten in vielen Bereichen (auch außerhalb der Biologie) ihre weitreichende Bedeutung unter Beweis gestellt. Warum sollte, so könnte man beispielsweise fragen, gerade die Fähigkeit des Menschen, moralische Normen aufzustellen und gemäß ihnen zu handeln, nicht evolutionär erklärt werden können? Und warum sollte eine solche evolutionäre Erklärung der menschlichen Moralität irrelevant für die Rechtfertigung moralischer Normen sein? Warum sollte die Ethik eine Bastion der Philosophen bleiben, für die evolutionsbiologische Forschungsergebnisse über den Menschen und seine nächsten Verwandten keinerlei Relevanz besitzen?

Appearence of language

CERN Document Server

Bonnet

1975-01-01

C'est grace à la collaboration du centre catholique d'études et l'association du personnel du Cern que cette conférence a pû être organisé. La présidente du centre catholique d'études présente le Prof.Bonnet de Louvin, jésuite, qui nous parlera de l'apparition du langage parlé dans le processus de la civilisation.Il est né en 1919 à Bruxelles et s'intéressé d'abord à la biologie et après à l'anthropologie et paléontologie. Il a fait 3 licences, en théologie, sciences et philosophie et le tout couronné d'un doctorat en anthropologie à l'université de Zurich. Le prof. a participé à des fouilles en Afrique, Espagne et en Iran, ensuite enseigné dans plusieurs unuversités aux Etats Unis, Belqique et en Afrique, actuellement il est directeur de la section de paléontologie de l'université de Louvin et aussi à la faculté de théologie. Il se tourne vers le passé pour mieux comprendre l'homme, le devenir de l'homme.

Understanding the genetic and molecular pathogenesis of Friedreich’s ataxia through animal and cellular models

Science.gov (United States)

Martelli, Alain; Napierala, Marek; Puccio, Hélène

2012-01-01

In 1996, a link was identified between Friedreich’s ataxia (FRDA), the most common inherited ataxia in men, and alterations in the gene encoding frataxin (FXN). Initial studies revealed that the disease is caused by a unique, most frequently biallelic, expansion of the GAA sequence in intron 1 of FXN. Since the identification of this link, there has been tremendous progress in understanding frataxin function and the mechanism of FRDA pathology, as well as in developing diagnostics and therapeutic approaches for the disease. These advances were the subject of the 4th International Friedreich’s Ataxia Conference held on 5th–7th May in the Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France. More than 200 scientists gathered from all over the world to present the results of research spanning all areas of investigation into FRDA (including clinical aspects, FRDA pathogenesis, genetics and epigenetics of the disease, development of new models of FRDA, and drug discovery). This review provides an update on the understanding of frataxin function, developments of animal and cellular models of the disease, and recent advances in trying to uncover potential molecules for therapy. PMID:22382366

Darwinische Kulturtheorie - Evolutionistische und "evolutionistische`` Theorien sozialen Wandels

Science.gov (United States)

Antweiler, Christoph

Evolutionistische Argumentationen außerhalb der Biologie sind weit verbreitet. Wenn sie vertreten werden, heißt das mitnichten, dass sie notwendigerweise von darwinischen Argumenten geprägt sind. Wenn man Evolution und Kultur aus explizit darwinischer Perspektive zusammen bringt, bedeutet das noch lange nicht unbedingt Soziobiologie. Und es bedeutet sicherlich nicht Sozialdarwinismus. Dieser Beitrag soll einen Überblick der so genannten evolutionären Ansätze bzw. evolutionistischen Ansätze zu menschlichen Gesellschaften bzw. Kulturen geben. Es soll gezeigt werden, was in den Ansätzen analytisch zu trennen ist und was synthetisch zusammen gehört. Mein Beitrag ist nicht wissenschaftsgeschichtlich angelegt, sondern systematisch ausgerichtet und hat zwei Schwerpunkte (Antweiler 2008; Antweiler 2009b). Zum einen geht es um kausale Zusammenhänge von organischer Evolution und gesellschaftlichem Wandel. Auf der anderen Seite werden Analogien zwischen biotischer und kultureller Evolution erläutert, die als spezifische Ähnlichkeiten dieser beiden als grundsätzlich verschieden gesehenen Prozesse aufgefasst werden. Dadurch wird die Frage aufgeworfen, ob die Evolution von Organismen einerseits und die Transformation von Gesellschaften bzw. Kulturen andererseits, spezielle Fälle eines allgemeinen Modells von Evolution darstellen.

Control of GABARAP-mediated autophagy by the Golgi complex, centrosome and centriolar satellites.

Science.gov (United States)

Joachim, Justin; Tooze, Sharon A

2018-01-01

Within minutes of induction of autophagy by amino-acid starvation in mammalian cells, multiple autophagosomes form throughout the cell cytoplasm. During their formation, the autophagosomes sequester cytoplasmic material and deliver it to lysosomes for degradation. How these organelles can be so rapidly formed and how their formation is acutely regulated are major questions in the autophagy field. Protein and lipid trafficking from diverse cell compartments contribute membrane to, or regulate the formation of the autophagosome. In addition, recruitment of Atg8 (in yeast), and the ATG8-family members (in mammalian cells) to autophagosomes is required for efficient autophagy. Recently, it was discovered that the centrosome and centriolar satellites regulate autophagosome formation by delivery of an ATG8-family member, GABARAP, to the forming autophagosome membrane, the phagophore. We propose that GABARAP regulates phagophore expansion by activating the ULK complex, the amino-acid controlled initiator complex. This finding reveals a previously unknown link between the centrosome, centriolar satellites and autophagy. © 2017 Société Française des Microscopies and Société de Biologie Cellulaire de France. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Lipid-load in peripheral blood mononuclear cells: Impact of food-consumption, dietary-macronutrients, extracellular lipid availability and demographic factors.

Science.gov (United States)

Ameer, Fatima; Munir, Rimsha; Usman, Hina; Rashid, Rida; Shahjahan, Muhammad; Hasnain, Shahida; Zaidi, Nousheen

2017-04-01

Lipid-load in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) has recently gained attention of the researchers working on nutritional regulation of metabolic health. Previous works have indicated that the metabolic circuitries in the circulating PBMCs are influenced by dietary-intake and macronutrient composition of diet. In the present work, we analyzed the impact of diet and dietary macronutrients on PBMCs' lipid-load. The overall analyses revealed that dietary carbohydrates and fats combinatorially induce triglyceride accumulation in PBMCs. On the other hand, dietary fats were shown to induce significant decrease in PBMCs' cholesterol-load. The effects of various demographic factors -including age, gender and body-weight- on PBMCs' lipid-load were also examined. Body-weight and age were both shown to affect PBMC's lipid-load. Our study fails to provide any direct association between extracellular lipid availability and cholesterol-load in both, freshly isolated and cultured PBMCs. The presented work significantly contributes to the current understanding of the impact of food-consumption, dietary macronutrients, extracellular lipid availability and demographic factors on lipid-load in PBMCs. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. and Société Française de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved.

The role of apical cell-cell junctions and associated cytoskeleton in mechanotransduction.

Science.gov (United States)

Sluysmans, Sophie; Vasileva, Ekaterina; Spadaro, Domenica; Shah, Jimit; Rouaud, Florian; Citi, Sandra

2017-04-01

Tissues of multicellular organisms are characterised by several types of specialised cell-cell junctions. In vertebrate epithelia and endothelia, tight and adherens junctions (AJ) play critical roles in barrier and adhesion functions, and are connected to the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons. The interaction between junctions and the cytoskeleton is crucial for tissue development and physiology, and is involved in the molecular mechanisms governing cell shape, motility, growth and signalling. The machineries which functionally connect tight and AJ to the cytoskeleton comprise proteins which either bind directly to cytoskeletal filaments, or function as adaptors for regulators of the assembly and function of the cytoskeleton. In the last two decades, specific cytoskeleton-associated junctional molecules have been implicated in mechanotransduction, revealing the existence of multimolecular complexes that can sense mechanical cues and translate them into adaptation to tensile forces and biochemical signals. Here, we summarise the current knowledge about the machineries that link tight and AJ to actin filaments and microtubules, and the molecular basis for mechanotransduction at epithelial and endothelial AJ. © 2017 Société Française des Microscopies and Société de Biologie Cellulaire de France. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Um e outro: Ferenczi e a epistemologia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leonardo Câmara

2014-08-01

Full Text Available Le présent article se propose d'investiguer la manière dont Ferenczi a réfléchi sur quelques questions épistémologiques tout au long de son œuvre afin de produire la figure de l'" utraquisme ". Cette notion va se prêter, dans sa pensée, à établir une méthode de dialogue de la psychanalyse avec des savoirs qui lui sont étrangers - notamment la biologie -, envisageant de promouvoir l'élargissement du champ théorique psychanalytique. Cet élargissement va favoriser la création de concepts et, par conséquent, l'enrichissement des réflexions sur les modes de faire la clinique. En ces termes, l'utraquisme concrétise la prise de position épistémologique de Ferenczi, qui a consisté en un refus de s'allier de manière rigide à l'idéalisme ou au matérialisme - les courants philosophiques qu'il considère comme les deux attitudes fondamentales de l'homme, en ce qui concerne la connaissance.

Modèles aléatoires en écologie et évolution

CERN Document Server

Méléard, Sylvie

2016-01-01

Le but du livre est de définir et développer une grande gamme d'outils probabilistes pour la modélisation en biologie des populations, afin de décrire des dynamiques temporelles de quantités biologiques telles que la taille d'une ou plusieurs populations, la proportion d'un allèle dans une population ou la position d'un individu. En partant de modèles markoviens discrets (marches aléatoires, processus de Galton-Watson), nous abordons progressivement le calcul stochastique et les équations différentielles stochastiques, puis les processus markoviens de saut, tels les processus de branchement à temps continu et les processus de naissance et mort. Nous étudions également les processus discret et continu pour l'évolution génétique et les généalogies: processus de Wright-Fisher et coalescent. Le livre détaille systématiquement les calculs de quantités d'intérêt pour les biologistes. De nombreux exercices d'application sont proposés. Le dernier chapitre montre l'apport de ces outils pour des...

[Nutrient sensing by the gastro-intestinal nervous system and control of energy homeostasis].

Science.gov (United States)

Gilles, Mithieux

2015-01-01

The gastrointestinal nerves are crucial in the sensing of nutrients and hormones and its translation in terms of control of food intake. Major macronutrients like glucose and proteins are sensed by the extrinsic nerves located around the portal vein walls, which signal to the brain and account for the satiety phenomenon they promote. Glucose is sensed in the portal vein by neurons expressing the glucose receptor SGLT3, which activates the main regions of the brain involved in the control of food intake. Proteins indirectly act on food intake by inducing intestinal gluconeogenesis and its sensing by the portal glucose sensor. The mechanism involves a prior antagonism by peptides of the μ-opioid receptors present in the portal vein nervous system and a reflex arc with the brain inducing intestinal gluconeogenesis. In a comparable manner, short chain fatty acids produced from soluble fibers act via intestinal gluconeogenesis to exert anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects. In the case of propionate, the mechanism involves a prior activation of the free fatty acid receptor FFAR3 present in the portal nerves and a reflex arc initiating intestinal gluconeogenesis. © Société de Biologie, 2016.

La Liberté sémiotique

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hoffmeyer, Jesper

2016-01-01

réductionnisme néodarwinien dans les cas d’adaptation sans évolution au sens strict de la sélection naturelle. Ainsi est-ce l’agentivité qui se retrouve au coeur de l’interrogation : comment a-t-elle pu émerger au sein de la nature ? Est-elle suffisante pour définir le vivant ? Le modèle biosémiotique permet d......Cet article présente des arguments en vue d’une résolution des problèmes liés à la question de l’intentionnalité naturelle dans une perspective biosémiotique. En confrontant les théories de l’information au modèle évolutionniste dominant en biologie, l’auteur montre les insuffisances du......’envisager un continuum évolutif au sein du vivant, dont le facteur de croissance, et l’effet, serait l’accroissement de la liberté sémiotique, c’est-à-dire l’amélioration, pour les organismes vivants, de leurs compétences interprétatives, liberté dont l’effet bénéfique sur la valeur sélective s’observe à...

Théorie mathématique des catégories en biologie et notion d'équivalence naturelle chez Robert Rosen

OpenAIRE

Varenne , Franck

2011-01-01

L'objectif de cet article est de rendre compte de la justification épistémologique de la proposition faite, dès 1958, par le biomathématicien Robert Rosen d'introduire le concept mathématique de " catégorie " et celui - corrélatif - d'" équivalence naturelle " dans la modélisation mathématique appliquée au vivant. Nos questions sont les suivantes : en quoi la notion mathématique de catégorie permet-elle, selon Rosen, de donner accès à des formalismes plus " naturels " pour la modélisation du ...

Development of nuclear medicine techniques - radiation protection issues for patients; Evolution des techniques en medecine nucleaire - Enjeux de radioprotection pour les patients

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Marchandise, Xavier [Faculte de Medecine de Lille, F-59045 Lille Cedex (France)

2011-07-15

Nuclear medicine uses radioactive isotopes for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. The radiation protection culture is now well-anchored in the training of nuclear medicine specialists in France and must remain at the highest possible level. However, practices change and the immediate medical - or even media - interest in new equipment and new tracers must not obscure the fundamentals of patient radiation protection. Particular vigilance is today required with regard to two aspects: - children; - the corresponding computed tomography. (author)

Nation launches first safe sex campaign with foreign help. Russia, education (health).

Science.gov (United States)

1997-06-30

This news brief discusses the first campaign to stop the spread of AIDS in Russia. The government is investing in newspaper advertising in order to prevent the spread of AIDS, because the alternative health care model is too expensive. The country is unable to afford the expensive drugs for treating AIDS and HIV infections, and the health care system, in general, is in decline. The health ministry is relying on the support from Medecins sans Frontieres (Doctors without Borders) to mount a newspaper campaign to urge condom use and other safe sex practices. The campaign will also involve television and radio advertisements, followed by billboards on subway stops and city buses. Since the communist break-up, IV drug use and prostitution have become widespread problems. Borders were opened, and drugs entered the country. Under the former Soviet regime, contact with foreigners was discouraged and travel was restricted. The public was exposed to AIDS information in the campaigns conducted in 1990. The public is generally informed about AIDS. The new campaign focuses on safe sex, which is a new concept for Russians. There is a wide gap between knowledge and adoption of safe sex practices. Official records indicate about 4400 HIV cases, of which 259 are in advanced stages of AIDS. Official figures are considered underestimates. Over 75% of current HIV cases involve IV drug users, but the potential for heterosexual transmission is great. About 50% of the HIV cases were recorded in Kaliningrad, a port city with a growing population of IV drug users. The city provides easy access to the rest of Europe and exposure to HIV/AIDS that is not yet found in most other Russian cities.

Clopidogrel and proton pump inhibitors--where do we stand in 2012?

LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

Drepper, Michael D

2012-05-14

Clopidogrel in association with aspirine is considered state of the art of medical treatment for acute coronary syndrome by reducing the risk of new ischemic events. Concomitant treatment with proton pump inhibitors in order to prevent gastrointestinal side effects is recommended by clinical guidelines. Clopidogrel needs metabolic activation predominantly by the hepatic cytochrome P450 isoenzyme Cytochrome 2C19 (CYP2C19) and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are extensively metabolized by the CYP2C19 isoenzyme as well. Several pharmacodynamic studies investigating a potential clopidogrel-PPI interaction found a significant decrease of the clopidogrel platelet antiaggregation effect for omeprazole, but not for pantoprazole. Initial clinical cohort studies in 2009 reported an increased risk for adverse cardiovascular events, when under clopidogrel and PPI treatment at the same time. These observations led the United States Food and Drug Administration and the European Medecines Agency to discourage the combination of clopidogrel and PPI (especially omeprazole) in the same year. In contrast, more recent retrospective cohort studies including propensity score matching and the only existing randomized trial have not shown any difference concerning adverse cardiovascular events when concomitantly on clopidogrel and PPI or only on clopidogrel. Three meta-analyses report an inverse correlation between clopidogrel-PPI interaction and study quality, with high and moderate quality studies not reporting any association, rising concern about unmeasured confounders biasing the low quality studies. Thus, no definite evidence exists for an effect on mortality. Because PPI induced risk reduction clearly overweighs the possible adverse cardiovascular risk in patients with high risk of gastrointestinal bleeding, combination of clopidogrel with the less CYP2C19 inhibiting pantoprazole should be recommended.

Programme for the control of Glossina palpalis gambiensis Vanderplanck by the sterile-male technique in Upper Volta. A study of operational parameters

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cuisance, D.; Politzar, H.; Clair, M.; Sellin, E.; Taze, Y.; Bourdoiseau, G.; Fevrier, J.

1980-01-01

The Institute for Stock-Breeding and Veterinary Medicine in Tropical Countries (Institut d'elevage et de medecine veterinaire des pays tropicaux - IEMVT, France), in association with the German Society for Technical Co-operation (Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer technische Zusammenarbeit - GTZ, Federal Republic of Germany), has been experimenting for four years in Upper Volta on genetic control of G.p. gambiensis, a vector of trypanosomiases in both man and animals, by the release of sterile males. A mass rearing facility has been set up for this glossina, with 45,000 females which produce 250,000 males for irradiation (11,000 rad) annually. This required a parallel facility for rearing 1000 host animals (400 rabbits and 600 guinea pigs). The releases are made twice a week on five experimental sectors isolated by barriers, which represent 32 km of forest galleries inhabited by G.p. gambiensis and G. tachinoides populations of medium density. The whole of this study zone is compared with a control covert 5.5 km in length. In each covert the influence of different parameters was examined: sterile-to-wild male ratio, spacing of release points, combination with insecticide treatment or not, and variation over time of the numbers of males released. First observations indicate that the sterile-male technique is efficient, and analysis of different parameters should make it possible to choose the optimum conditions for applying it. However, if the method is to be used on a larger scale, industrial-type rearing facilities will be required; yet the possibilities are limited by the difficulty of maintaining large numbers of host animals in tropical regions. Artificial feeding on membranes might offer one solution to the problem

Cytotoxic assessment of silver nanoparticles in embryonic development and kidney tissue in pregnant mice

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bagher seyedalipour

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Background and Aim: Regarding the widespread use of silver nanoparticles in medecine and lack of a detailed study of toxicity effects of these particles on fetus, this study was carried out to investigate histopathological changes of the kidneys and also embryonic development following exposure to silver nanoparticles. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, thirty five female NMRI mice were randomly divided into five equal groups i.e. one control group and four experimental groups. The experimental groups intraperitoneally (IP received silver nanoparticles at concentrations of 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/ kg . .every other day. On the 17th day  of pregnancy, the mice were dissected and  their kidneys and embryos tissues were separated and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histopathological examinations. .Finally, the obtained data was fed into SPSS software (V:16 using statistical tests including Kolmogrof-Smearnof, one-way variance analysis, Dante, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis and P<0.05 was taken as the significant level. Results: Histopathological assessment of kidney tissue following IP administration of silver nanoparticle indicated pathological changes including congestion, necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, vacuolar degeneration compared to the control group. Our findings showed that silver nanoparticles during the gestation period affects fetal organogenesis, evolution of neural structure, liver lobulation and fetal growth retardation. Mean number of somites in groups receiving doses of 200 and 400 mg kg, . significantly reduced compared to the control group (P<0.05. Conclusion: The obtained results suggest that  passing of silver nanoparticles through placenta is possible and damage caused by the particles  could lead to the deformity or developmental retardation of the fetus.

[Exponential use of social media in medicine: example of the interest of Twitter(©) in urology].

Science.gov (United States)

Rouprêt, M; Misraï, V

2015-01-01

Social media (#SoMe) has changed the face of modern medicine. Our purpose was to asses the potential interest of Twitter in the field of urology. A systematic review of the literature has been performed using PubMed without timeline restriction with the following keywords (MeSH): social media; Web 2.0; Twitter; Internet; network; urology; journal club; education. There were 3 categories of interest of Twitter in the field of urology: spread of scientific knowledge, scientific interaction during medical conferences and medical education and international medical debates. The unique spread of evidence-based-medecine through traditional scientific journals in paper version is over. Main scientific journals in urology and scientific societies are now using a Twitter account and became virtual. They use new bibliometrics available on #SoMe to estimate the social impact. Twitter allows for a better interactivity of doctors attending scientific conferences. Exponential use of Twitter is in the interest of speakers and leaders, audience and scientific societies. Lastly, medical academic education and continuing medical education can be achieved through #SoMe. Twitter became a lively virtual platform for scientific debates for complex oncological cases (dematerialized tumor board). Twitter is also a place for intense scientific discussion during virtual journal club without geographic or timeline restriction. Physicians need to respect the rules for a wise use of #SoMe in order not to break the Hippocratic Oath. There is a revolution around #SoMe and Twitter in the spread of scientific knowledge and academic teaching. International urologists are already committed in this evolution and France should also get involved. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

[Clinical and biological manifestations in primary parvovirus B19 infection in immunocompetent adult: a retrospective study of 26 cases].

Science.gov (United States)

Parra, D; Mekki, Y; Durieu, I; Broussolle, C; Sève, P

2014-05-01

Parvovirus B19 causes erythema infectiosum in children, transient aplastic anemia in patients with hemoglobinopathies, pur red cell aplasia in immunocompromised persons and hydrops fetalis in pregnancy. The spectrum of clinical and biological manifestations in immunocompetent adult continues to grow up. We report on a case series of 26 patients with primary parvovirus B19 infection in immunocompetent adults. This is a retrospective study over the period 2000 to 2010 in two departments of internal medecine. The diagnostic was clinical, serological or molecular. There was a female predominance (sex-ratio 3.33/1). Median patient age at diagnostic was 38.8 years (range: 18-68). The predominant symptoms were fever (65%), peripheral and symmetrical polyarthralgia (62%) and skin rash (58%). Two patients had neurological manifestations (sixth cranial nerve palsy, distal paresthesia) and one patient had myocarditis. Abnormal laboratory values included increased acute phase reactants (73%), thrombocytopenia (43%), lymphopenia (38%) and elevated liver enzymes (37%). Antinuclear (19%), anti-DNA (28%) and anti-phospholipids antibodies (14%), and hypocomplementemia (32%) were observed. False reaction with anti-CMV and anti-EBV IgM positivity was documented in 27% of cases. Two patients had persistent parvovirus B19 infection. The diversity of the clinical manifestations of parvovirus B19 infection may be misleading for the clinician. However, the diagnosis should be suspected in immunocompetent adults to limit the risk of transmission to the patients who could develop a severe infection such as pregnant women or immunocompromised patients. Copyright © 2013 Société nationale française de médecine interne (SNFMI). Published by Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.

Influence des matières végétales et des engrais NPK sur la biologie de Aedes aegypti (Diptera : Culicidae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Darriet F.

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Dans cette étude de laboratoire, les auteurs ont mesuré sur des femelles gravides de Aedes aegypti, l’attractivité à la ponte de milieux aqueux contenant un engrais NPK, de la matière végétale (MV et un mélange composé de MV+NPK. Tandis que les analyses physico-chimiques ont permis d’identifier puis de doser les constituants de chaque milieu, le suivi des larves et la pesée des femelles émergentes nous ont renseigné sur l’impact des composés minéraux et organiques sur le développement des moustiques. Sur les 23 jours qu’a duré l’expérience, la solution NPK est restée aussi attractive que le mélange MV+NPK sans toutefois pouvoir assurer le développement des larves. L’infusion MV a révélé une attractivité à la ponte moins importante, mais elle a apporté aux larves de moustiques les substances organiques dont la solution NPK était dépourvue. Enfin le mélange MV+NPK a attiré les femelles à la ponte tout en assurant pleinement la croissance des larves de Ae. aegypti. Alors que les analyses physico-chimiques de NPK ont révélé une composition essentiellement minérale (NH4++NO3–+P+K et celles de MV de fortes concentrations en carbone et en azote organiques, le mélange MV+NPK s’est distingué par une composition mixte organique et minérale qui a favorisé la prolifération des bactéries et le développement des larves de moustiques. Ce sont des observations importantes qui pourraient aider à la fabrication de pièges à la fois attractifs et létaux (NPK+larvicide et dont les fonctions seraient de piéger les femelles gravides à la recherche d’un lieu de ponte et de tuer les larves à l’éclosion des oeufs.

Interactive and communal web site and e-learning in nuclear medicine; Site web interactif et communautaire d'e-learning en medecine nucleaire

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nalda, E. [CHU Caremeau, Service de medecine nucleaire, 30 - Nimes (France); Sibille, L. [CHU Lapeyronie, service de medecine nucleaire, 34 - Montpellier (France); Comte, F. [Scintidoc Clinique Clementville, service de medecine nucleaire, 34 - Montpellier (France)

2010-07-01

Purpose: The medical area follows the evolution of information and communication technologies, especially on developing e-learning. We wanted in this context to create a web site on nuclear medicine for free access to health professionals. Conclusions: for every great chapter, anatomical and physiological reminders of explored diseases were listed. The techniques bases of the different scintigraphic examinations as well as the characteristics of radiopharmaceuticals used have been defined. more than 150 clinical cases are currently available on the site http://www.mednuc.net with the possibility to test your knowledge. (N.C.)

Natural Selection and the Audition Process: Dance Science in Context. Monaco Dance Forum/Association Danse Medecine Recherche Colloquium, Monaco, 1-4 April 2010

Science.gov (United States)

Sporton, Gregory

2010-01-01

The Monaco Dance Forum (MDF), a biennale of dance that takes place in the beautiful and affluent surroundings of Monte Carlo, has chosen this time to celebrate as its theme the centenary of the "Ballets Russes." Diaghilev's famous company made its first tour in 1909, an event that unarguably changed ballet's status as an art form, and heralded…

Perception of the nuclear industry by general practitioner in Champagne-Ardennes (France); Perception du nucleaire par le medecin generaliste en region Champagne-Ardenne

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bouet, P; Goasguen, P; Lewicki, M; Petit, J F; Villette, M

1990-06-01

In the case of a nuclear accident, the general practitioners should be the relay in the population information. In order to confront their knowledge and sensitivity with the nuclear industry problems, the authors have conducted an inquiry near to 144 general practitioners in Champagne-Ardennes area, in the immediate neighbourhood of nuclear facilities (CHOOZ, Nogent-sur-Seine, Gravelines) or not. Four subjects are studied: -their perception of the nuclear industry in the environment problems - their knowledge in nuclear physics - their knowledge about the nuclear power plant - their attitude in front of a radiation accident. The authors show that their education and knowledges about the nuclear industry is insufficient and propose several solutions in order to cope with these difficulties.

Characterization of linear mimetic peptides of Interleukin-22 from dissection of protein interfaces.

Science.gov (United States)

La Manna, Sara; Scognamiglio, Pasqualina Liana; Di Natale, Concetta; Leone, Marilisa; Mercurio, Flavia Anna; Malfitano, Anna Maria; Cianfarani, Francesca; Madonna, Stefania; Caravella, Sergio; Albanesi, Cristina; Novellino, Ettore; Marasco, Daniela

2017-07-01

Interleukin-22 (IL-22) belongs to the family of IL-10 cytokines and is involved in a wide number of human diseases, including inflammatory disorders and cancer pathology. The ligand-receptor complex IL-22/IL-22R plays a key role in several pathways especially in the regulation and resolution of immune responses. The identification of novel compounds able to modulate IL-22/IL-22R complex could open the route to new therapeutic strategies in multiple human diseases. In this study, we designed and characterized IL-22 derived peptides at protein interface regions: several sequences revealed able to interfere with the protein complex with IC 50 in the micromolar range as evaluated through Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) experiments. Their conformational characterization was carried out through Circular Dichroism (CD) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopies, shedding new light into the features of IL-22 fragments and on structural determinants of IL-22/IL-22R1 recognition. Finally, several peptides were tested on human keratinocyte cultures for evaluating their ability to mimic the activation of molecular pathways downstream to IL-22R in response to IL-22 binding. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. and Société Française de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved.

Contributions on biomedical imaging, with a side-look at molecular imaging; Beitraege zur biomedizinischen Bildgebung mit einem Seitenblick auf Molecular Imaging

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Winkler, G. (ed.)

2004-05-01

This report is intended as a brief introduction to the emerging scientific field of biomedical imaging. The breadth of the subject is shown and future fields of research are indicated, which hopefully will serve as a guide to the identification of starting points for the research in 'Biomedical and/or Molecular Imaging' at the GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health. The report starts with a brief sketch of the history. Then a - necessarily incomplete - list of research topics is presented. It is organized in two parts: the first one addresses medical imaging, and the second one is concerned with biological point aspects of the matter. (orig.) [German] In diesem Bericht sind einige Beitraege zum Gebiet 'Bildgebende Verfahren in Biologie und Medizin' zusammengestellt. Sie stammen saemtlich aus dem Institut fuer Biomathematik und Biometrie, IBB, am Forschungszentrum fuer Umwelt und Gesundheit, GSF, in Muenchen/Neuherberg, und seinem engeren Umfeld. Ziel war es, zu sichten, was in und um diesen Themenkreis herum an Wissen und sonstiger Kompetenz hier vorhanden ist. Einige am IBB etablierte Gebiete wie Roentgen-Mammographie oder funktionelle Magnetresonanztherapie wurden ausgeblendet. Der Grund ist die Fokussierung auf ein nicht exakt definierbares, neues Gebiet der Bildgebung, das unter dem Namen 'Molecular Imaging' kursiert und derzeit Furore macht macht. (orig.)

Taurine protects against As2O3-induced autophagy in pancreas of rat offsprings through Nrf2/Trx pathway.

Science.gov (United States)

Bai, Jie; Yao, Xiaofeng; Jiang, Liping; Qiu, Tianming; Liu, Shuang; Qi, Baoxu; Zheng, Yue; Kong, Yuan; Yang, Guang; Chen, Min; Liu, Xiaofang; Sun, Xiance

2016-04-01

Arsenic was increasingly to blame as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus. In our previous study, we had found iAs stimulated autophagic flux and caused autophagic cell death through ROS pathway in INS-1 cells. Since NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the thioredoxin (Trx) system was a crucial line of defense against ROS, we investigated whether Nrf2/Trx pathway contributed to As2O3-stimulated autophagy and the role of taurine in this study. After treatment with 2 mg/kg BW-8 mg/kg BW As2O3 for 57 d, the expression of Nrf2 protein was decreased significantly in offsprings' pancreas. The expression of Trx gene was decreased significantly in pancreas subsequently. Finally, the generation of reactive oxygen species stimulated autophagy in arsenic-treated pancreas. Taurine could reverse arsenic-inhibited Nrf2 and Trx and inhibit autophagy. In short, inhibition of Nrf2/Trx pathway might play an important role in the pathogenesis of arsenic-related diabetes. Taurine could serve as nutrition supplementation against arsenic-related diabetes in high arsenic exposure area. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. and Société Française de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved.

Human RAD50 makes a functional DNA-binding complex.

Science.gov (United States)

Kinoshita, Eri; van Rossum-Fikkert, Sari; Sanchez, Humberto; Kertokalio, Aryandi; Wyman, Claire

2015-06-01

The MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex has several distinct functions in DNA repair including important roles in both non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR). The biochemical activities of MR(N) have been well characterized implying specific functional roles for the components. The arrangement of proteins in the complex implies interdependence of their biochemical activities making it difficult to separate specific functions. We obtained purified human RAD50 and observed that it binds ATP, undergoes ATP-dependent conformational changes as well as having ATPase activity. Scanning force microscopy analysis clearly showed that RAD50 binds DNA although not as oligomers. RAD50 alone was not functional in tethering DNA molecules. ATP increased formation of RAD50 multimers which were however globular lacking extended coiled coils, in contrast to the MR complex where ATP induced oligomers have obvious coiled coils protruding from a central domain. These results suggest that MRE11 is important in maintaining the structural arrangement of RAD50 in the protein complex and perhaps has a role in reinforcing proper alignment of the coiled coils in the ATP-bound state. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. and Société Française de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved.

Quercetin-6-C-β-D-glucopyranoside, natural analog of quercetin exhibits anti-prostate cancer activity by inhibiting Akt-mTOR pathway via aryl hydrocarbon receptor.

Science.gov (United States)

Hamidullah; Kumar, Rajeev; Saini, Karan Singh; Kumar, Amit; Kumar, Sudhir; Ramakrishna, E; Maurya, Rakesh; Konwar, Rituraj; Chattopadhyay, Naibedya

2015-12-01

Pre-clinical studies suggest mitigating effect of dietary flavonoid quercetin against cancer and other diseases. However, quercetin suffers from poor metabolic stability, which appears to offset its pharmacological efficacy. Recently, we isolated quercetin-6-C-β-D-glucopyranoside (QCG) from Ulmus wallichiana planchon that has greater stability profile over quercetin. In the present study, the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of QCG on prostate cancer cells were assessed. QCG inhibited prostate cancer cell proliferation by arresting cells at G0/G1 phase of cell cycle and induces apoptosis as evident from cytochrome c release, cleavage of caspase 3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. Mechanistic studies revealed that QCG inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and Akt/mTOR cell survival pathways. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) was a critical mediator of QCG action as knockdown of AhR attenuated QCG-induced cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and inhibition of Akt/mTOR pathway in prostate cancer cells. Taken together, our results suggest that QCG exhibits anti-cancer activity against prostate cancer cells via AhR-mediated down regulation of Akt/mTOR pathway in PC-3 cells. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. and Société Française de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved.

The binding efficiency of RPA to telomeric G-strands folded into contiguous G-quadruplexes is independent of the number of G4 units.

Science.gov (United States)

Lancrey, Astrid; Safa, Layal; Chatain, Jean; Delagoutte, Emmanuelle; Riou, Jean-François; Alberti, Patrizia; Saintomé, Carole

2018-03-01

Replication protein A (RPA) is a single-stranded DNA binding protein involved in replication and in telomere maintenance. During telomere replication, G-quadruplexes (G4) can accumulate on the lagging strand template and need to be resolved. It has been shown that human RPA is able to unfold a single G4. Nevertheless, the G-strand of human telomeres is prone to fold into higher-order structures formed by contiguous G-quadruplexes. To understand how RPA deals with these structures, we studied its interaction with telomeric G-strands folding into an increasing number of contiguous G4s. The aim of this study was to determine whether the efficiency of binding/unfolding of hRPA to telomeric G-strands depends on the number of G4 units. Our data show that the number n of contiguous G4 units (n ≥ 2) does not affect the efficiency of hRPA to coat transiently exposed single-stranded telomeric G-strands. This feature may be essential in preventing instability due to G4 structures during telomere replication. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. and Société Française de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved.

Contributions on biomedical imaging, with a side-look at molecular imaging; Beitraege zur biomedizinischen Bildgebung mit einem Seitenblick auf Molecular Imaging

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Winkler, G [ed.

2004-05-01

This report is intended as a brief introduction to the emerging scientific field of biomedical imaging. The breadth of the subject is shown and future fields of research are indicated, which hopefully will serve as a guide to the identification of starting points for the research in 'Biomedical and/or Molecular Imaging' at the GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health. The report starts with a brief sketch of the history. Then a - necessarily incomplete - list of research topics is presented. It is organized in two parts: the first one addresses medical imaging, and the second one is concerned with biological point aspects of the matter. (orig.) [German] In diesem Bericht sind einige Beitraege zum Gebiet 'Bildgebende Verfahren in Biologie und Medizin' zusammengestellt. Sie stammen saemtlich aus dem Institut fuer Biomathematik und Biometrie, IBB, am Forschungszentrum fuer Umwelt und Gesundheit, GSF, in Muenchen/Neuherberg, und seinem engeren Umfeld. Ziel war es, zu sichten, was in und um diesen Themenkreis herum an Wissen und sonstiger Kompetenz hier vorhanden ist. Einige am IBB etablierte Gebiete wie Roentgen-Mammographie oder funktionelle Magnetresonanztherapie wurden ausgeblendet. Der Grund ist die Fokussierung auf ein nicht exakt definierbares, neues Gebiet der Bildgebung, das unter dem Namen 'Molecular Imaging' kursiert und derzeit Furore macht macht. (orig.)

Therapeutic potential of Mediator complex subunits in metabolic diseases.

Science.gov (United States)

Ranjan, Amol; Ansari, Suraiya A

2018-01-01

The multisubunit Mediator is an evolutionary conserved transcriptional coregulatory complex in eukaryotes. It is needed for the transcriptional regulation of gene expression in general as well as in a gene specific manner. Mediator complex subunits interact with different transcription factors as well as components of RNA Pol II transcription initiation complex and in doing so act as a bridge between gene specific transcription factors and general Pol II transcription machinery. Specific interaction of various Mediator subunits with nuclear receptors (NRs) and other transcription factors involved in metabolism has been reported in different studies. Evidences indicate that ligand-activated NRs recruit Mediator complex for RNA Pol II-dependent gene transcription. These NRs have been explored as therapeutic targets in different metabolic diseases; however, they show side-effects as targets due to their overlapping involvement in different signaling pathways. Here we discuss the interaction of various Mediator subunits with transcription factors involved in metabolism and whether specific interaction of these transcription factors with Mediator subunits could be potentially utilized as therapeutic strategy in a variety of metabolic diseases. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. and Société Française de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved.

Life at extreme conditions: neutron scattering studies of biological molecules suggest that evolution selected dynamics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zaccai, Joseph Giuseppe

2008-01-01

The short review concentrates on recent work performed at the neutrons in biology laboratories of the Institut Laue Langevin and Institut de Biologie Structurale in Grenoble. Extremophile organisms have been discovered that require extreme conditions of temperature, pressure or solvent environment for survival. The existence of such organisms poses a significant challenge in understanding the physical chemistry of their proteins, in view of the great sensitivity of protein structure and stability to the aqueous environment and to external conditions in general. Results of neutron scattering measurements on the dynamics of proteins from extremophile organisms, in vitro as well as in vivo, indicated remarkably how adaptation to extreme conditions involves forces and fluctuation amplitudes that have been selected specifically, suggesting that evolutionary macromolecular selection proceeded via dynamics. The experiments were performed on a halophilic protein, and membrane adapted to high salt, a thermophilic enzyme adapted to high temperature and its mesophilic (adapted to 37 degC) homologue; and in vivo for psychrophilic, mesophilic, thermophilic and hyperthermophilic bacteria, adapted respectively to temperatures of 4 degC, 37 degC, 75 degC and 85 degC. Further work demonstrated the existence of a water component of exceptionally low mobility in an extreme halophile from the Dead Sea, which is not present in mesophile bacterial cells. (author)

[Physiopathology of cAMP/PKA signaling in neurons].

Science.gov (United States)

Castro, Liliana; Yapo, Cedric; Vincent, Pierre

2016-01-01

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and the cyclic-AMP dependent protein kinase (PKA) regulate a plethora of cellular functions in virtually all eukaryotic cells. In neurons, the cAMP/PKA signaling cascade controls a number of biological properties such as axonal growth, synaptic transmission, regulation of excitability or long term changes in the nucleus. Genetically-encoded optical biosensors for cAMP or PKA considerably improved our understanding of these processes by providing a real-time measurement in living neurons. In this review, we describe the recent progresses made in the creation of biosensors for cAMP or PKA activity. These biosensors revealed profound differences in the amplitude of the cAMP signal evoked by neuromodulators between various neuronal preparations. These responses can be resolved at the level of individual neurons, also revealing differences related to the neuronal type. At the subcellular level, biosensors reported different signal dynamics in domains like dendrites, cell body, nucleus and axon. Combining this imaging approach with pharmacology or genetical models points at phosphodiesterases and phosphatases as critical regulatory proteins. Biosensor imaging will certainly help understand the mechanism of action of current drugs as well as help in devising novel therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric diseases. © Société de Biologie, 2017.

Structure prediction and functional analysis of a non-permutated lectin from Dioclea grandiflora.

Science.gov (United States)

de Sousa, Bruno Lopes; Nagano, Celso Shiniti; Simões, Rafael da Conceição; Silva-Filho, José Caetano; Cunha, Rodrigo Maranguape da Silva; Cajazeiras, João Batista; do Nascimento, Kyria Santiago; Cavada, Benildo Sousa

2016-12-01

Legume lectins have been widely studied and applied for many purposes in the last few decades, but many of their physiological aspects remain elusive. The Diocleinae legume subtribe, which includes intensively explored lectins, such as ConA, presents an unusual and extensive post-translational process which results in minor alterations in protein structure, in turn making its function elusive. Despite previous reports about Diocleinae precursor activity, no structural or functional analyses have ever been carried out to understand the impacts of post-translational processing relative to lectin structure and binding specificity. Here we analyzed the functionality of a non glycosylated, recombinantly expressed lectin precursor from Dioclea grandiflora through inhibition assays, corroborating the experimental data with structural information generated by molecular modeling, docking calculations and molecular dynamics simulations. We demonstrate that Diocleinae precursors are active and share the same carbohydrate specificity as mature lectins. At the same time, however, subtle structural alterations were detected and mostly result in an "incomplete" functionality of the precursor, as consequence of an immature binding site and an unstructured tetramer interface, affecting carbohydrate binding and oligomer formation, respectively. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. and Société Française de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved.

LncRNAs in vertebrates: advances and challenges.

Science.gov (United States)

Mallory, Allison C; Shkumatava, Alena

2015-10-01

Beyond the handful of classic and well-characterized long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), more recently, hundreds of thousands of lncRNAs have been identified in multiple species including bacteria, plants and vertebrates, and the number of newly annotated lncRNAs continues to increase as more transcriptomes are analyzed. In vertebrates, the expression of many lncRNAs is highly regulated, displaying discrete temporal and spatial expression patterns, suggesting roles in a wide range of developmental processes and setting them apart from classic housekeeping ncRNAs. In addition, the deregulation of a subset of these lncRNAs has been linked to the development of several diseases, including cancers, as well as developmental anomalies. However, the majority of vertebrate lncRNA functions remain enigmatic. As such, a major task at hand is to decipher the biological roles of lncRNAs and uncover the regulatory networks upon which they impinge. This review focuses on our emerging understanding of lncRNAs in vertebrate animals, highlighting some recent advances in their functional analyses across several species and emphasizing the current challenges researchers face to characterize lncRNAs and identify their in vivo functions. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. and Société Française de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved.

Modèles et méthodes stochastiques une introduction avec applications

CERN Document Server

Del Moral, Pierre

2014-01-01

La théorie des probabilités et des processus stochastiques est sans aucun doute l'un des plus importants outils mathématiques des sciences modernes. Le théorie des probabilité s'illustre dans de nombreux domaines issus de la biologie, de la physique, et des sciences de l'ingénieur : dynamique des populations, traitement du signal et de l'image, chimie moléculaire, économétrie, sciences actuarielles, mathématiques financières, ainsi qu'en analyse de risque. Le but de cet ouvrage est de parcourir les principaux modèles et méthodes stochastiques de cette théorie en pleine expansion. Ce voyage ne nécessite aucun bagage spécifique sur la théorie des processus stochastiques. Les outils d'analyses nécessaires à une bonne compréhension sont donnés au fur et à mesure de leur construction, révélant ainsi leur nécessité. La théorie des processus stochastiques est une extension naturelle de la théorie de systèmes dynamiques à des phénomènes aléatoires. Elle contient des formalisation d'é...

The antimicrobial peptide nisin Z induces selective toxicity and apoptotic cell death in cultured melanoma cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Lewies, Angélique; Wentzel, Johannes Frederik; Miller, Hayley Christy; Du Plessis, Lissinda Hester

2018-01-01

Reprogramming of cellular metabolism is now considered one of the hallmarks of cancer. Most malignant cells present with altered energy metabolism which is associated with elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. This is also evident for melanoma, the leading cause of skin cancer related deaths. Altered mechanisms affecting mitochondrial bioenergetics pose attractive targets for novel anticancer therapies. Antimicrobial peptides have been shown to exhibit selective anticancer activities. In this study, the anti-melanoma potential of the antimicrobial peptide, nisin Z, was evaluated in vitro. Nisin Z was shown to induce selective toxicity in melanoma cells compared to non-malignant keratinocytes. Furthermore, nisin Z was shown to negatively affect the energy metabolism (glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration) of melanoma cells, increase reactive oxygen species generation and cause apoptosis. Results also indicate that nisin Z can decrease the invasion and proliferation of melanoma cells demonstrating its potential use against metastasis associated with melanoma. As nisin Z seems to place a considerable extra burden on the energy metabolism of melanoma cells, combination therapies with known anti-melanoma agents may be effective treatment options. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. and Société Française de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved.

Neuronal sphingolipidoses: Membrane lipids and sphingolipid activator proteins regulate lysosomal sphingolipid catabolism.

Science.gov (United States)

Sandhoff, Konrad

2016-11-01

Glycosphingolipids and sphingolipids of cellular plasma membranes (PMs) reach luminal intra-lysosomal vesicles (LVs) for degradation mainly by pathways of endocytosis. After a sorting and maturation process (e.g. degradation of sphingomyelin (SM) and secretion of cholesterol), sphingolipids of the LVs are digested by soluble enzymes with the help of activator (lipid binding and transfer) proteins. Inherited defects of lipid-cleaving enzymes and lipid binding and transfer proteins cause manifold and fatal, often neurodegenerative diseases. The review summarizes recent findings on the regulation of sphingolipid catabolism and cholesterol secretion from the endosomal compartment by lipid modifiers, an essential stimulation by anionic membrane lipids and an inhibition of crucial steps by cholesterol and SM. Reconstitution experiments in the presence of all proteins needed, hydrolase and activator proteins, reveal an up to 10-fold increase of ganglioside catabolism just by the incorporation of anionic lipids into the ganglioside carrying membranes, whereas an additional incorporation of cholesterol inhibits GM2 catabolism substantially. It is suggested that lipid and other low molecular modifiers affect the genotype-phenotype relationship observed in patients with lysosomal diseases. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. and Société Française de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved.

Technical-scale realization of simultaneous aerobic nitrification/denitrification in cyclic plants for a population of more than 100 000; Grosstechnische Realisierung der simultanen, aeroben Nitrifikation/Denitrifikation in zyklischen Anlagen ueber 100.000 EGW

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Demoulin, G. [SFC-Umwelttechnik, Salzburg (Austria); Goronszy, M.C. [Tri Tech Inc., Lake Forest, CA (United States)

1999-07-01

On account of local requirements and because of its economic and technical advantages, cyclic activated sludge process was given preference over conventional technology when building the sewage treatment plant at Neubrandenburg. The process-technical installations were completely accommodated in two circular ponds of the diameter 62.3 m and water depth 5.5 m each, with two reactors to one circular pond each. Construction of the biological treatment plant started in 1998. At its start of operation in November 1998, it was the first European plant employing this technology. With the plant currently running to some 80 to 90 % of its capacity, specified elimination efficiency has been met since spring 1999. (orig.) [German] Aufgrund der oertlichen Gegebenheiten sowie der wirtschaftlichen und technischen Vorzuege des zyklischen Belebtschlammverfahrens wurde diesem beim Bau der Klaeranlage Neubrandenburg der Vorzug ueber die konventionelle Technologie gegeben. Die Verfahrensbauwerke fuer die biologische Abwasserbehandlung wurden komplett in zwei Rundbecken mit je 62,3 m Durchmesser und 5,5 m Wassertiefe untergebracht, wobei zwei Reaktoren jeweils ein Rundbecken ergeben. Im Februar 1998 wurde mit dem Bau der Biologie begonnen. Diese nahm bereits im November 1998 als erste Anlage nach diesem Verfahren in Europa den Betrieb auf. Die geforderten Entfernungsleistungen werden bei einer derzeitigen Auslastung von ca. 80-90% seit Fruehjahr 1999 eingehalten. (orig.)

Science.gov (United States)

Gueguen, Marie; Vallin, Benjamin; Glorian, Martine; Blaise, Régis; Limon, Isabelle

2016-01-01

In response to various types of vascular stress, the smooth muscle cells of the vessel wall (VSMCs) change phenotype and acquire the capacity to react to abnormal signals. This phenomenon favors the involvement of these cells in the development of major vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, and some complications of angioplasty, such as restenosis. The cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) pathway plays a key role in the integration of stimuli from the immediate environment and in the development of cellular responses. The temporal and spatial subcellular compartmentalization of cAMP ensures that the signals transmitted are specific. This compartmentalization is dependent on the diversity of (1) proteins directly or indirectly regulating the synthesis, degradation or release of cAMP; (2) intracellular effectors of cAMP; (3) isoforms of all these proteins with unique biochemical properties and unique patterns of regulation and (4) the scaffolding proteins on which the macromolecular complexes are built. This review illustrates the ways in which changes in the profile of adenylyl cyclases (ACs) may play critical roles in signal integration, the response of muscle cells and pathological vascular remodeling. It also illustrates the relevance of the renewed consideration of ACs as potentially interesting treatment targets. © Société de Biologie, 2016.

Multidimensional Gamma-Ray Spectrometry and its Use in Biology; La Spectrometry Gamma Multidimensionnelle et son Application en Biologie; Mnogomernaya spektrometriya gamma-luchej i ee ispol'zovanie v biologii; La Espectrometria Gamma Multidimensional y su Empleo en Biologia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nielsen, J. M.; Kornberg, H. A. [Battelle Memorial Institute, Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Richland, WA (United States)

1965-10-15

could be applied to studies where tracers are added and would be especially useful for the simultaneous measurement of absorption, deposition, and turnover in the animal body of several suitably labelled compounds. When used with neutron activation analysis measurements of a large group of elements may be made in tissues and blood at the parts per billion level. (author) [French] La spectrometrie gamma multidimensionnelle constitue une nouvelle methode de mesure des radionuclides qui a trouve des applications particulieres en biologie. Cette methode instrumentale permet d'identifier et de mesurer directement et separement, sans traitement chimique prealable, les emetteurs gamma de melanges complexes de radionuclides se trouvant dans diverses matrices echantillons. Le detecteur presente les caracteristiques suivantes: grande sensibilite, assuree par deux detecteurs 9 Nal(Tl) de 15 cm de diametre et 10 cm d'epaisseur; grande selectivite obtenue grace a des methodes de comptage par coiencidence qui separent les spectres des rayons gamma en utilisant les caracteristiques de desintegration gamma de chaque radionuclide; bruit de fond extremement faible et interference Compton reduite par suite de la presence d'un detecteur annulaire en anticoiencidence (cristal de NaI(Tl) de 29 cm d'epaisseur, ayant un diametre interieur de 16 cm). Un analyseur multidimensionnel a 4096 canaux analyse les deux rayons gamma en coiencidence en fonction de leur energie et les enregistre dans le plan de la memoire a 64 x 64 canaux, alors que les evenements survenant en anticoiencidence sont enregistres seulement dans les axes de la memoire. Il en resulte une diminution sensible de plusieurs ordres de grandeur du bruit de fond et de l'interference Compton, etune forte augmentation de la selectivite. La mesure directe par spectrometrie gamma de radionuclides a l'etat de traces dans des echantillons biologiques a ete genee par la presence de quantites relativement importantes de {sup 40}K naturel a

[Does aesthetic surgery form part of mainstream surgery or is it an entirely separate sector? Reflections and proposals for better protection of the public].

Science.gov (United States)

Gréco, J M

1993-11-01

In contempt of the laws and regulations in force, several thousand unqualified practitioners carry out aesthetic surgery although only a mere few hundred are legally entitled to practice this surgical specialty. We are aware, in the present system which has no efficient control systems, that the public is no longer able to identify this small group of charlatans and incompetents. We call on massive concerted effort by the responsible public authorities to ensure that the general public receives the necessary protection. Amongst others, we demand that: The ministry of health, integrates all medical products and medical devices aimed at the aesthetic sector into the list of medical products and medical devices to marketing authorization (authorization de mise sur le marché--AMM) or to endorsement in compliance with the Huriet Law of 10.12.1988. The conseil national de l'ordre des medecins, (national council of doctors advisory board), ensures that the laws and regulations in force governing the value of diplomas, qualifications and competences are respected, be aware of the obsolescence of the general nature of the medical degree, inapplicable due to the efficiency and thus the dangerous nature of modern medicine. The ministry of justice, clearly defines the nature of the informed consent demanded from the patient prior to any therapeutic treatment, ensures the conditions required for legitimate compensation for prejudices caused by therapeutic risks, specifies the doctor's responsibility without malpractice conditions, be aware of the perverse effects caused by the abandonment of the obligation of means and its replacement by an obligation of results demanded from the doctor, to correct the unjust and anomalous situation which opposes the ten year responsibility of the medical product or medical devices manufacturer with the thirty year responsibility of the doctor using these products or equipment.

Admission Requirements to Canadian Faculties of Medicine and Their Selection Policies = Conditions d'Admission aux Facultes de Medecine Canadiennes et Leurs Politiques de Selection.

Science.gov (United States)

Association of Canadian Medical Colleges, Ottawa (Ontario).

Information is presented to help applicants to Canadian medical colleges realistically assess their chances for gaining admission. The guide is also intended for career counselors in high schools and higher education. One section provides statistics on the following characteristics that are associated with being selected: sex, age, Medical College…

DNA replication restart and cellular dynamics of Hef helicase/nuclease protein in Haloferax volcanii.

Science.gov (United States)

Lestini, Roxane; Delpech, Floriane; Myllykallio, Hannu

2015-11-01

Understanding how frequently spontaneous replication arrests occur and how archaea deal with these arrests are very interesting and challenging research topics. Here we will described how genetic and imaging studies have revealed the central role of the archaeal helicase/nuclease Hef belonging to the XPF/MUS81/FANCM family of endonucleases in repair of arrested replication forks. Special focus will be on description of a recently developed combination of genetic and imaging tools to study the dynamic localization of a functional Hef::GFP (Green Fluorescent Protein) fusion protein in the living cells of halophilic archaea Haloferax volcanii. As Archaea provide an excellent and unique model for understanding how DNA replication is regulated to allow replication of a circular DNA molecule either from single or multiple replication origins, we will also summarize recent studies that have revealed peculiar features regarding DNA replication, particularly in halophilic archaea. We strongly believe that fundamental knowledge of our on-going studies will shed light on the evolutionary history of the DNA replication machinery and will help to establish general rules concerning replication restart and the key role of recombination proteins not only in bacteria, yeast and higher eukaryotes but also in archaea. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. and Société Française de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved.

[Restoring vision in blind patients following photoreceptor degeneration: clinical results and future challenges].

Science.gov (United States)

Bendali, Amel; Lorach, Henri; Djilas, Milan; Marre, Olivier; Bensoman, Ryad; Rousseau, Lionel; Lissorgues, Gaëlle; Scorsone, Emmanuel; Bergonzo, Philippe; Garrido, Jose A; Sahel, José Alain; Picaud, Serge

2013-01-01

Retinal prostheses aim at restoring vision in patients blind from photoreceptor degeneration by electrically stimulating the residual retinal tissue. Currently, the most efficient implants are either inserted in the subretinal space or on the vitreal side of the retina (epi-retinal). Although the residual tissue can partly degenerate, it was shown that acute stimulation of residual neurones can induce visual percepts. Recently, a clinical trial with the epiretinal Argus2 device (60 electrodes) from the company 2nd Sight enabled most patients to orient and find light targets, some even reading words. This device has received a CE mark. Surprisingly, when the subretinal implant from the company Retina Implant AG displaying many more electrodes (1500 electrodes) was evaluated in clinical trials, the patient visual performances were fairly similar. The restored visual performances of the patients demonstrate that blind patients can recover some visual function when their residual retina is properly stimulated. However, the resolution is not yet sufficient to perform complex tasks such as autonomous locomotion, face identification or text reading. Several challenges remain to generate an increase in pixel density corresponding to the increase in electrode number and density. These challenges include the stimulation modality, the tissue/implant interface design, the electrode materials, and the visual information encoder. This review will discuss these great challenges after introducing the major clinical results. © Société de Biologie, 2013.

Kaempferol inhibits thrombosis and platelet activation.

Science.gov (United States)

Choi, Jun-Hui; Park, Se-Eun; Kim, Sung-Jun; Kim, Seung

2015-08-01

The objectives of the present study were to investigate whether kaempferol affects pro-coagulant proteinase activity, fibrin clot formation, blood clot and thrombin (or collagen/epinephrine)-stimulated platelet activation, thrombosis, and coagulation in ICR (Imprinting Control Region) mice and SD (Sprague-Dawley) rats. Kaempferol significantly inhibited the enzymatic activities of thrombin and FXa by 68 ± 1.6% and 52 ± 2.4%, respectively. Kaempferol also inhibited fibrin polymer formation in turbidity. Microscopic analysis was performed using a fluorescent conjugate. Kaempferol completely attenuated phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) 1/2, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/PKB (AKT) in thrombin-stimulated platelets and delayed aggregation time (clotting) by 34.6% in an assay of collagen/epinephrine-stimulated platelet activation. Moreover, kaempferol protected against thrombosis development in 3 animal models, including collagen/epinephrine- and thrombin-induced acute thromboembolism models and an FeCl3-induced carotid arterial thrombus model. The ex vivo anticoagulant effect of kaempferol was further confirmed in ICR mice. This study demonstrated that kaempferol may be clinically useful due to its ability to reduce or prevent thrombotic challenge. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. and Société Française de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved.

Direct determination of uranium in human urine by Icp-SFMS; Determinacion directa de uranio en orina humana por ICP-SFMS

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hernandez M, H. [ININ, Departamento de Quimica, Carretera Mexico-Toluca s/n, 52750 Ocoyoacac, Estado de Mexico (Mexico); Yllera de Ll, A., E-mail: hector.hernandez520@gmail.com [Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas, Departamento de Medio Ambiente, Av. Complutense 22, 28040 Madrid (Spain)

2013-10-15

The success of the measurement and the evaluation of the internal exposure are highly dependent of the effective capacities for the radiation measurement in biological samples (mainly urine and the feces). Usually, during the samples bioassay of human urine, a pre-concentration and purification of the radionuclides is carried out previously to the quantitative analysis. These stages, as the analysis time are the main source of uncertainty in the measurement process. In the uranium case, this is not necessary when are used mass spectrometry techniques, in particular, Mass Spectrometry of Magnetic Sector with Inductively Coupled Plasma (Icp-SFMS). This work presents the results obtained for the uranium analysis in samples of human urine during the participation in the inter-comparison exercises of the Association pour la Promotion de Controle de Qualite des Analyses de Biologie Medicale en Radiotoxicologie (PROCORAD) in the period 2010 and 2011. The analyses were realized directly in the diluted urine samples (dilution factor 1:20) in 5% of HNO{sub 3}. The obtained results, were normalized to the total urine sample (V = 0.5 L), these values coincide with the waited reference values of uranium in the urine sample. Additionally, were calculated the detection limits of {sup 235}U= 0.049 x 10{sup -3} μg L{sup -1} and {sup 238}U= 7.37 x 10{sup -3} μg L{sup -1}. (author)

Identifikationsverfahren zur Analyse von EEG-Signalen bei Epilepsie mit Reaktions-Diffusions Netzwerken

Science.gov (United States)

Gollas, F.; Tetzlaff, R.

2007-06-01

Partielle Differentialgleichungen des Reaktions-Diffusions-Typs beschreiben Phänomene wie Musterbildung, nichtlineare Wellenausbreitung und deterministisches Chaos und werden oft zur Untersuchung komplexer Vorgänge auf den Gebieten der Biologie, Chemie und Physik herangezogen. Zellulare Nichtlineare Netzwerke (CNN) sind eine räumliche Anordnung vergleichsweise einfacher dynamischer Systeme, die eine lokale Kopplung untereinander aufweisen. Durch eine Diskretisierung der Ortsvariablen können Reaktions-Diffusions-Gleichungen häufig auf CNN mit nichtlinearen Gewichtsfunktionen abgebildet werden. Die resultierenden Reaktions-Diffusions-CNN (RD-CNN) weisen dann in ihrer Dynamik näherungsweise gleiches Verhalten wie die zugrunde gelegten Reaktions-Diffusions-Systeme auf. Werden RD-CNN zur Identifikation neuronaler Strukturen anhand von EEG-Signalen herangezogen, so besteht die Möglichkeit festzustellen, ob das gefundene Netzwerk lokale Aktivität aufweist. Die von Chua eingeführte Theorie der lokalen Aktivität Chua (1998); Dogaru und Chua (1998) liefert eine notwendige Bedingung für das Auftreten von emergentem Verhalten in zellularen Netzwerken. Änderungen in den Parametern bestimmter RD-CNN könnten auf bevorstehende epileptische Anfälle hinweisen. In diesem Beitrag steht die Identifikation neuronaler Strukturen anhand von EEG-Signalen durch Reaktions-Diffusions-Netzwerke im Vordergrund der dargestellten Untersuchungen. In der Ergebnisdiskussion wird insbesondere auch die Frage nach einer geeigneten Netzwerkstruktur mit minimaler Komplexität behandelt.

L'analyse par activation de neutrons de réacteur

Science.gov (United States)

Meyer, G.

2003-02-01

Quand les neutrons traversent la matière, certains sont transmis sans interaction, les autres interagissent avec le milieu traversé par diffusion et par absorption. Ce phénomène d'absorption est utilisé pour se protéger des neutrons, mais aussi pour les détecter; il peut également être utilisé pour identifier les noyaux “absorbants" et ainsi analyser le milieu traversé. En effet par différentes réactions nucléaires (n,γ), (n,p), (n,α), (n,fission), on obtient des noyaux résiduels qui sont souvent radioactifs; on dit que l'échantillon est “activé". Si l'on connaît le rendement d'activation et donc le pourcentage de noyaux ainsi “transmutés", les mesures de radioactivité induite vont permettre de déterminer la composition de l'échantillon irradié. Cette méthode dite d'analyse par activation neutronique est pratiquée depuis la découverte du neutron. Elle a permis grâce à sa sélectivité et à sa sensibilité d'avoir accès au domaine des traces et des ultra-traces dans des champs d'application très divers comme la métallurgie, l'archéologie, la biologie, la géochimie etc...

Intensité thérapeutique optimale : comment mesurer l'intensité d'une association radiothérapie-chimiothérapie ?

Science.gov (United States)

Ganem, G.; Dubray, B.

1998-04-01

Treatment intensification is needed to overcome the disappointing efficacy of anticancer treatments used as a single modality. The conception, comparison and optimization of radiotherapy - chemotherapy combinations is hampered by the lack of a common tool enabling the clinicians to quantify the effects of the association of different treatment modalities. Such a difficulty is mainly due to chemotherapy (large array of drugs, pharmacological uncertainties), but is also the consequence of end-point multiplicity (tumour control, normal tissue injury) and tumour biology complexity. L'intensification thérapeutique est une nécessité face à l'efficacité insuffisante des traitements anticancéreux utilisés séparément. La conception, la comparaison, et l'optimisation des modalités possibles d'association de radiothérapie et de chimiothérapie est considérablement gênée par l'absence d'un outil permettant de mesurer l'efficacitéé résultante de la combinaison d'agents thérapeutiques différents. Cette difficulté provient essentiellement de l'usage de la chimiothérapie (nombreuses drogues, pharmacocinétique mal connue), mais aussi de la multiplicité des critères de jugement (action anti-tumorale, lésions des tissus sains) et de la complexité de la biologie tumorale.

[Claude Bernard - then and now].

Science.gov (United States)

Wise, Peter

2017-01-01

The early life of Claude Bernard - dreamer and frustrated playwright - reveals no indication of his future scientific aptitude. Cartesian doubt, a principle that he would adhere to lifelong, clouded a failed pharmacy apprenticeship that led to medical studies in Paris - but without great success. Research was his only aim, it was made possible only by a lucrative but unsuccessful arranged marriage. His passion for work and over-riding principles of truth and proof would ultimately allow him to stand out from his peers with recognition by multiple French professional societies - and the wider scientific world. In today's world, the two centuries-long practice of homeopathy illustrates his abhorrence of ''practice without proof'': a dominance by economic factors that is apparent in cancer chemotherapy, where new drug approval is often based on statistics rather than genuine clinical benefit. Bernard was indeed sceptical about the (ab)use of statistics - a caution even more necessary today. His experimental method stands out as a signal principle in research. This was cleverly taken out of context by Emile Zola, who used it to support his ideas on the literary naturalism that appeared in his Rougon-Macquart cycle of books - and that led him to dedicate his book, Le Roman Expérimental, to Claude Bernard himself. © Société de Biologie, 2017.

Meeting after meeting: 20 years of discoveries by the members of the Exocytosis-Endocytosis Club.

Science.gov (United States)

Niedergang, Florence; Gasman, Stéphane; Vitale, Nicolas; Desnos, Claire; Lamaze, Christophe

2017-09-01

Twenty years ago, a group of French cell biologists merged two scientific clubs with the aim of bringing together researchers in the fields of Endocytosis and Exocytosis. Founded in 1997, the first annual meeting of the Exocytosis Club was held in 1998. The Endocytosis Club held quarterly meetings from its founding in 1999. The first joint annual meeting of the Exocytosis-Endocytosis Club took place in Paris in April, 2001. What started as a modest gathering of enthusiastic scientists working in the field of cell trafficking has gone from strength to strength, rapidly becoming an unmissable yearly meeting, vividly demonstrating the high quality of science performed in our community and beyond. On the occasion of the 20th meeting of our club, we want to provide historic insight into the fields of exocytosis and endocytosis, and by extension, to subcellular trafficking, highlighting how French scientists have contributed to major advances in these fields. Today, the Exocytosis-Endocytosis Club represents a vibrant and friendly community that will hold its 20th meeting at the Presqu'Ile de Giens, near Toulon in the South of France, on May 11-13, 2017. © 2017 Société Française des Microscopies and Société de Biologie Cellulaire de France. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Recontextualiseren van het concept biodiversiteit : Het ontwikkelen van een onderwijsleerstrategie voor het recontextualiseren van het concept biodiversiteit in de bovenbouw biologie havo en vwo

NARCIS (Netherlands)

van Weelie, D.

2014-01-01

This thesis reports on a design-research study on the development of a teaching-and-learning strategy for the flexible use of the concept of biodiversity in new contexts in upper secondary biology education. The notions of ‘concept’, ‘context’ and ‘flexible use of a concept’ by ‘recontextualising’

Que peuvent apporter les faits linguistiques a l'analyse de l'argumentation en biologie? (What Can Linguistic Data Contribute to Argumentation Analysis in Biology?)

Science.gov (United States)

Zaslawsky, D.

1976-01-01

Attempts to determine to what extent a linguistic analysis can contribute to an epistemological study of scientific texts. Considerations are also given on the methodological role of argumentation in linguistic science. (Text is in French.) (CDSH/AM)

Tritium and Autoradiography in Cell Biology; Tritium et Autoradiographie en Biologie Cellulaire; 0422 0440 0438 0414 ; El Tritio 0443 la Tecnica Autorradiografica en Citobiologia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Taylor, J. H. [Departments of Botany and Zoology, Columbia University, New York, NY (United States)

1962-02-15

Because tritium emits low energy beta radiation, it is the most useful isotope for high resolution autoradiography. The relative abundance of hydrogen in most biologically important substances combined with a relatively short half-life allows the labelling of cellular components at specific activities that can often be detected at intracellular dimensions by the use of nuclear emulsions. The cells are attached to glass by various cytological procedures and after fixation a -wet or fluid photographic emulsion is applied directly to the cell surface and allowed to dry. After exposure the emulsion is developed while still in contact with the biological specimen. The preparation, an autoradiogram, when viewed under the light microscope shows the cellular structures and the location of the isotope with a resolution of less than 1 pm. In this way the distribution of tritium-labelled deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of individual chromosomes has been traced through two to three cell divisions. These studies were made possible by the preparation of tritiated thymidine which is a highly selective label for DNA and is quickly depleted when the cell is removed from the environment containing the labelled thymidine. The technique has yielded information on the mechanism of DNA replication, structure and reproduction of chromosomes, kinetics of cell division and more recently on the patterns and time sequence in the reproduction of different chromosomes in the same nucleus and the different parts of a single chromosome. All chromosomes studied so far contain two functional sub-units of DNA which are distributed in a semi-conservative fashion during reproduction. The two sub-units are unlike in some structural sense that limits the type of exchanges that may occur among the four sub-units of a reproducing chromosome. Present evidence on sequences leads to the hypothesis that chromosomes reproduce in a genetically controlled sequence. Further evidence on the patterns and mechanism of control of the sequence are being sought along with other related processes that involve the synthesis of chromosomal proteins and the other class of nucleic acids, ribonucleic acids. (author) [French] Du fait qu'il emet des rayons beta de faible energie, le tritium est l'isotope le plus utile pour l'autoradiographie a resolution elevee. Etant donne l'abondance relative de l'hydrogene dans la plupart des substances importantes du point de vue biologique et la periode radioactive assez courte du tritium, on peut marquer des constituants cellulaires a des activites specifiques qui sont souvent decelables au niveau intracellulaire a l'aide d'emulsions nucleaires. Les cellules sont fixees sur du verre par divers procedes cytologiques et, apres fixation, on applique directement a la surface de la cellule une emulsion photographique, humide ou fluide, qu'on laisse secher. Apres exposition, l'emulsion est developpee alors qu'elle se trouve encore en contact avec le specimen biologique. Lorsque la preparation, qui constitue un autoradiogramme, est examinee au microscope, on peut observer les structures cellulaires et l'emplacement de l'isotope, avec une resolution inferieure a un micron. On a pu ainsi determiner pendant deux ou trois divisions cellulaires la repartition de l'acide desoxyribonucleique (ADN) tritie de divers chromosomes. Ces etudes ont ete rendues possibles par la preparation de thymidine tritiee qui est un indicateur hautement selectif pour l'ADN et dont l'activite diminue rapidement lorsque l'on retire la cellule du milieu qui contient la thymidine marquee. On a egalement obtenu des renseignements sur le mecanisme de renouvellement de l'ADN, sur la structure et la reproduction des chromosomes, la cinetique de la division cellulaire et, plus recemment, sur les schemas et les phases de la reproduction des differents chromosomes d'un meme noyau ainsi que sur les differentes parties d'un meme chromosome. Dans tous les chromosomes etudies jusqu'a present on a constate que deux des constituants de l'ADN etaient repartis d'une maniere semi-reguliere pendant la reproduction. Ces deux constituants presentent certaines differences de structure qui limitent le type des echanges qui peuvent se produire entre les quatre constituants d'un chromosome en voie de reproduction. Les donnees dont on dispose actuellement permettent de supposer que les phases de la reproduction des chromosomes sont regies par des facteurs genetiques. On cherche a obtenir d'autres donnees sur les schemas et sur le mecanisme de controle des phases ainsi que sur d'autres processus connexes qui impliquent la synthese des proteines chromosomiques et de l'autre categorie d'acides nucleiques, les acides ribonucleiques. (author) [Spanish] El tritio constituye el isotopo mas apropiado para alcanzar un elevado poder de resolucion en autorradiografia, por emitir radiaciones beta de baja energia. La relativa abundancia del hidrogeno en la mayoria de las sustancias de importancia biologica, unida al periodo bastante breve del tritio, permiten marcar los componentes de las celulas con actividades especificas que a menudo pueden detectarse en dimensiones de orden intracelular con ayuda de emulsiones nucleares. Las celulas se fijan sobre un vidrio por diferentes procedimientos usados en citobiologia; a continuacion se aplica directamente a su superficie una emulsion fotografica humeda o fluida, que se deja secar. La emulsion se revela despues de la exposicion, cuando todavia se encuentra en contacto con la muestra. Examinando la preparacion (una autorradiografia) al microscopio optico, se pueden apreciar las estructuras celulares y la localizacion del isotopo, con un poder de resolucion inferior a una miera. De este modo, se ha seguido a traves de dos o tres generaciones celulares la distribucion del acido desoxirribonucleico (ADN) tritiado en los distintos cromosomas. Estos estudios pudieron realizarse gracias a la preparacion de timidina tritiada, un marcador muy selectivo del ADN, cuya actividad disminuye rapidamente cuando la celula se extrae del medio que contiene la timidina tritiada. Por este procedimiento se ha obtenido informacion sobre el mecanismo de duplicacion del ADN, la estructura y reproduccion de los cromosomas, la cinetica de la division celular y, mas recientemente, sobre el regimen y orden cronologico de reproduccion de diferentes cromosomas en el mismo nucleo y de las diferentes partes de un mismo cromosoma. Todos los cromosomas estudiados hasta ahora contienen dos fracciones funcionales de ADN que se distribuyen de manera aproximadamente uniforme durante la reproduccion. Las dos fracciones son desiguales en cierto sentido estructural que limita el tipo de intercambios que pueden producirse entre las cuatro fracciones del cromosoma en reproduccion. Los daios obtenidos sobre la cronologia de esos fenomenos permiten suponer que los cromosomas se reproducen en un orden controlado geneticamente. En la actualidad se procura obtener mas datos sobre el regimen y el mecanismo de control del orden en que se desarrollan los fenomenos, asi como sobre otros procesos conexos, entre ellos la sintesis de proteinas cromosomicas y de otra clase de acidos nucleicos, a saber, los acidos ribonucleicos. (author) [Russian] Poskol'ku tritij izluchaet beta-radiaciju nizkoj jenergii, on predstavljaet soboj naibolee poleznyj izotop, obespechivajushhij vysokuju razreshajushhuju sposobnost' pri radioavtografii. Otnositel'naja rasprostranennost' vodoroda v bol'shinstve biologicheski vazh- nyh veshhestv v sochetanii so sravnitel'no korotkim periodom poluraspada poz- voljaet metit' kletochnye komponenty pri udel'nyh aktivnostjah, kotorye za- chastuju mogut byt' obnaruzheny pri mezhkletochyh razmerah s pomoshh'ju jadernyh jemul'sij. Kletki prikrepljajutsja k steklu razlichnymi citologicheskimi meto- dami, i posle fiksacii mokraja ili zhidkaja fotojemul'sija prikrepljaetsja nepo- sredstvenno k poverhnosti kletki, posle chego ej dajut vozmozhnost' vysohnut'. Posle obluchenija jemul'sija projavljaetsja eshhe v kontakte s biologicheskim obrazcom. Preparat - radioavtogramma - pri rassmotrenii cherez svetovoj mikroskop pokazyvaet kletochnye struktury i raspredelenie izotopov s razreshajushhej sposobnost'ju menee odnogo mikrona. Takim obrazom udalos' prosledit' cherez dva-tri delenija kletki raspredelenie mechennoj tritiem dezoksiribonuklei- novoj kisloty (DNK) otdel'nyh hromosom. Jeti issledovanija okazalis' vozmozh- nymi v rezul'tate podgotovki tritirovannogo timidina, kotoryj jaljaetsja ves'- ma podhodjashhim metjashhim veshhestvom dlja DNK i bystro istoshhaetsja pri udalenii kletki iz sredy, soderzhashhej mechenyj timidin. Jetot metod dal informaciju o mehanizme vosstanovlenija DNK, strukture i razmnozhenii hromosom, kinetike delenija kletki i sovsem nedavno o sheme i po- sledovatel'nosti vo vremeni razmnozhenija razlichnyh hromosom v odnom i tom zhe jadre i razlichnyh chastjah odnoj hromosomy. Vse izuchennye do sih por hromo- somy imejut dva funkcional'nyh podkomponenta DNK, kotorye rasprostranja- jutsja polukonservativnym obrazom vo vremja razmnozhenija. Jeti dva podkompo- nenta razlichny v opredelennom strukturnom smysle, chto ogranichivaet takoj tip obmena, kotoryj mozhet proishodit' mezhdu chetyr'mja podkomponentami razmno zhajushhejsja hromosomy. Sovremennye dannye o posledovatel'nosti vedut k gipoteze o tom, chto hromosomy razmnozhajutsja v gineticheski kontroliruemoj posledo- vatel'nosti. Vedutsja poiski novyh dannyh po shemam i mehanizmu kontrolja posledovatel'nosti vmeste s prochimi svjazannymi s jetim processami, kotorye zatragivajut sintez hromosomnyh proteinov i drugoj klass nukleinovyh kislot - ribonukleinovye kisloty. (author)

Some applications of neutron activation analysis in plant biology and agronomy; Quelques applications de l'analyse par radioactivation neutronique en biologie vegetale et en agronomie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fourcy, A [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Grenoble (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1966-06-01

Plants materials are not so commonly analysed by radioactivation than biological extracts of medical importance. With help of concrete examples, applications of neutrons activation analysis to the determination of some metals (Mn, Cu, Co, Fe, Zn, and K) in plant materials, are proposed. Samples are activated in a swimming-pool reactor at the thermal flux of 5.10{sup 12} n.cm{sup -2}s{sup -1} for a time varying between few minutes and several days according to the element being analysed. The induced radioactivity is measured by spectrometry, with radiochemical separation ( Cu, Co, Fe, Zn and K) or without separation in best cases (Mn,Cu, K). Described dosages are related to: manganese in a graminaceous plant, copper in vine treatments, cobalt, iron and zinc in animal feeding, potassium in a radiological experiment. (author) [French] Les produits vegetaux sont beaucoup moins souvent soumis a l'analyse par activation que les extraits biologiques d'interet medical. En s'appuyant sur des cas concrets, nous proposons des applications de l'analyse par activation neutronique au dosage de differents metaux (Mn, Cu, Co, Fe, Zn, et K) dans la matiere vegetale. Les echantillons sont actives en pile piscine au flux thermique de 5.10{sup 12} n.cm{sup -2} s{sup -1} pendant des temps variant de quelques minutes a plusieurs jours selon les elements a analyser. le comptage de la radioactivite induite est effectue par spectrometrie gamma apres separation radiochimique (Cu, Co, Fe, Zn, et K) ou sans separation dans les cas favorables (Mn, Cu, K). Les dosages decrits concernent: le manganese dans une graminee, le cuivre en viticulture, le cobalt, le fer, et le zinc dans un aliment du betail, le potassium dans une experience de radioecologie. (auteur)

Place of the nuclear medicine in the clinical development of the gene therapy; Place de la medecine nucleaire dans le developpement clinique de la therapie genique

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Crochet, T. [Montpellier-1 Univ., 34 (France); Vis, J. de [Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Hopital Saint Eloi, Institut de Recherche en Biotherapie, 34 - Montpellier (France); Vincent, D. [Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nimes, Service de Medecine Interne, Hopital Caremeau, 30 - Nimes (France); Zanca, M. [Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Hopital Guy de Chauliac, Service de Medecine Nucleaire, 34 - Montpellier (France)

2006-10-15

Although gene therapy has been proposed first for genetic diseases, its concept has been extended to many acquired diseases, owing to a better understanding of pathology at a molecular level. Overall, very few trials have shown to be efficient, and safety concerns have emerged, as a result of several patients deaths. There is a need for new techniques able to improve both the knowledge of the therapeutic gene fate once administered and the early detection of events likely to lead to serious adverse events. In vivo imaging of a reporter gene associated with the therapeutic one is certainly the most promising technique for these goals. Among available imaging modalities, nuclear imaging is the most likely to be applied to patients. This review begins with a summary of current knowledge about the steps that a therapeutic gene has to cross from vector delivery to appropriate expression in target cells. We show how gene imaging could allow to investigate many pitfalls of trials by providing a better understanding of these steps in patients. The reporter genes available for nuclear imaging are presented in the second section, through animal studies. Then, relevant examples of clinical trials are presented. These include cancer (suicide gene therapy and adoptive immunotherapy), ischemic heart diseases and cystic fibrosis. The results are commented with emphasis on the role of nuclear imaging to address the questions raised by these studies, and imaging studies carried out on animals or patients for the corresponding diseases or organs are presented. The results obtained in animal studies warrant the introduction of gene imaging in clinical trials. (authors)

Characterization and antibiotic susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from poultry and red meat in Morocco

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hayat Ennaji

2008-09-01

Full Text Available Hayat Ennaji1,2, Mohammed Timinouni2, My Mustapha Ennaji3, Mohammed Hassar1, Nozha Cohen11Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Hygiène des Aliments et de l’Environnement, Institut Pasteur du Maroc., Casablanca, Morocco; 2Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Biologie Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur du Maroc., Casablanca, Morocco; 3Laboratoire de Virologie et Hygiène and Microbiologie., Faculté des Sciences et Techniques - Mohammedia, Université Hassan II, Mohammedia, MoroccoAbstract: This study was carried out on 426 samples of raw meats collected from butcheries and supermarkets in Casablanca, Morocco. The samples were examined for the occurrence of Listeria species. Strains of Listeria monocytogenes were characterized by several biochemical tests and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR. β-hemolytic cultures and nonhemolytic isolates were tested for biochemical properties with the Listeria API test. Among the 43 Listeria species isolates; we identified 10 strains for L. monocytogenes (23.3%, 31 strains for L. innocua (72.1% and 2 strains for L. welshimeri (4.6%. Strains of L. monocytogenes were separated by multiplex PCR; two serogroups IIb and IVb were thus differentiated. Antibiotic susceptibility of L. monocytogenes to 21 antibiotics was determined by the disk diffusion method. All isolates were susceptible to a wide range of the tested antibiotics with the exception of nalidixic acid, colistine and cephalosporins second and third generation for which they were all resistant.Keywords: antibiotic susceptibility, Listeria monocytogenes, meat, PCR

Candida albicans biofilm on titanium: effect of peroxidase precoating

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mohamed Ahariz

2010-08-01

Full Text Available Mohamed Ahariz1, Philippe Courtois1,21Laboratory of Experimental Hormonology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, 2UER de Biologie Médicale, Haute Ecole Francisco Ferrer, Brussels, BelgiumAbstract: The present study aimed to document Candida albicans biofilm development on titanium and its modulation by a peroxidase-precoated material which can generate antimicrobials, such as hypoiodite or hypothiocyanite, from hydrogen peroxide, iodide, or thiocyanate. For this purpose, titanium (powder or foil was suspended in Sabouraud liquid medium inoculated with C. albicans ATCC10231. After continuous stirring for 2–21 days at room temperature, the supernatant was monitored by turbidimetry at 600 nm and titanium washed three times in sterile Sabouraud broth. Using the tetrazolium salt MTT-formazan assay, the titanium-adherent fungal biomass was measured as 7.50 ± 0.60 × 106 blastoconidia per gram of titanium powder (n = 30 and 0.50 ± 0.04 × 106 blastoconidia per cm² of titanium foil (n = 12. The presence of yeast on the surface of titanium was confirmed by microscopy both on fresh preparations and after calcofluor white staining. However, in the presence of peroxidase systems (lactoperoxidase with substrates such as hydrogen peroxide donor, iodide, or thiocyanate, Candida growth in both planktonic and attached phases appeared to be inhibited. Moreover, this study demonstrates the possible partition of peroxidase systems between titanium material (peroxidase-precoated and liquid environment (containing peroxidase substrates to limit C. albicans biofilm formation.Keywords: adhesion, material, oral, yeast

[Physiopathology of autobiographical memory in aging: episodic and semantic distinction, clinical findings and neuroimaging studies].

Science.gov (United States)

Piolino, Pascale; Martinelli, Pénélope; Viard, Armelle; Noulhiane, Marion; Eustache, Francis; Desgranges, Béatrice

2010-01-01

From an early age, autobiographical memory models our feeling of identity and continuity. It grows throughout lifetime with our experiences and is built up from general self-knowledge and specific memories. The study of autobiographical memory depicts the dynamic and reconstructive features of this type of long-term memory, combining both semantic and episodic aspects, its strength and fragility. In this article, we propose to illustrate the properties of autobiographical memory from the field of cognitive psychology, neuropsychology and neuroimaging research through the analysis of the mechanisms of disturbance in normal and Alzheimer's disease. We show that the cognitive and neural bases of autobiographical memory are distinct in both cases. In normal aging, autobiographical memory retrieval is mainly dependent on frontal/executive function and on sense of reexperiencing specific context connected to hippocampal regions regardless of memory remoteness. In Alzheimer's disease, autobiographical memory deficit, characterized by a Ribot's temporal gradient, is connected to different regions according to memory remoteness. Our functional neuroimaging results suggest that patients at the early stage can compensate for their massive deficit of episodic recent memories correlated to hippocampal alteration with over general remote memories related to prefrontal regions. On the whole, the research findings allowed initiating new autobiographical memory studies by comparing normal and pathological aging and developing cognitive methods of memory rehabilitation in patients based on preserved personal semantic capacity. © Société de Biologie, 2010.

Science Signaling, Perspective – Cancer: Wnt/β-Catenin and MAPK Signaling: Allies and Enemies in Different Battlefields, April 2012 [Science Signaling, Ausblick – Krebs: Wnt/β-Catenin- und MAPK-Signaltransduktion: Verbündete und Feinde in unterschiedlichen Kampfzonen, April 2012

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Forsythe, Katherine H.

2012-07-01

Full Text Available [english] Research published in represents major advances in cell signaling in many disciplines, including the rapidly expanding areas of signaling networks, systems biology, synthetic biology, computation and modeling of regulatory pathways, and drug discovery. The published research content offers discoveries that substantially refine current understanding of important signaling processes, provide new concepts, and are likely to find application in multiple biological systems. Two papers this year in describe previously unknown links between two signaling pathways that are associated with cancer – melanoma and colon cancer. The Perspective, and MAPK Signaling: Allies and Enemies in Different Battlefields,” describes how both studies have implications for the development of combination therapies for skin and colon cancer .[german] Die in veröffentlichten Forschungsarbeiten stellen die wichtigsten Fortschritte zur Zellsignaltransduktion in vielen Fachbereichen dar und umfassen die schnell wachsenden Gebiete der Signaltransduktionsnetzwerke, der Systembiologie, der synthetischen Biologie, der Berechnung und Modelldarstellung regulatorischer Pfade sowie der Pharmaforschung. Die veröffentlichten Forschungsergebnisse bieten Entdeckungen, die das derzeitige Wissen zu wichtigen Signaltransduktionsprozessen beträchtlich vertiefen, neue Konzepte anbieten und wahrscheinlich Anwendung in mehreren biologischen Systemen finden werden. Zwei Arbeiten, die dieses Jahr in erschienen sind, beschreiben zuvor noch nicht bekannte Zusammenhänge zwischen zwei Signaltransduktionswegen, die mit Krebs (Melanom und Darmkrebs assoziiert sind. Der Ausblick „Wnt/β-Catenin- und MAPK-Signaltransduktion: Verbündete und Feinde in unterschiedlichen Kampfzonen“ beschreibt, wie beide Studien Auswirkungen auf die Entwicklung von Kombinationstherapien gegen Haut- und Darmkrebs haben .

Twenty years of environmental education in Germany - a stocktaking; 20 Jahre Umweltbildung in Deutschland. Eine Bilanz

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lob, R.E. [Essen Univ. (Gesamthochschule) (Germany). Zentralstelle fuer Umwelterziehung

1997-12-31

The book is a precise documentation of the development of environmental edcuation as an educational task in the Federal Republic of Germany. It covers a large range: from Stockholm over Tiflis and Moscow to Rio and Toronto under the catchword ``national and international conferences``, and from eco-pedagogy over environmental consciousness to environmental activities in the chapter ``fundamentals and concepts``. Inventories and analyses of activities at schools are given, curricula and textbooks are examined, and developments in the subjects biology and geography are assessed. The book deals with nature and forest pedagogy, environmental games and projects, LUCAS - the environmental education learning programme at schools of commerce, and the European environmental academy at Borken, Westphalia. After an overview on central research and sponsoring institutions, conclusions are drawn and an outlook is given. (orig.) [Deutsch] Das Buch ist eine praezise Dokumentation der Entwicklung der `Bildungsaufgabe Umwelterziehung` in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Der Bogen wird weit gespannt: Von Stockholm ueber Tiflis und Moskau nach Rio und Toronto beim Stichwort `nationale und internationale Konferenzen`, von der Oekopaedagogik ueber das Umweltbewusstsein bis hin zum Umwelthandeln im Kapitel `Grundlagen und Begriffe`. Es folgen Bestandsaufnahmen und Analysen der Schulpraxis, Untersuchungen von Lehrplaenen und Schulbuechern sowie eine Begutachtung der Entwicklungen in den Faechern Biologie und Geographie. Der Autor thematisiert Natur- und Waldpaedagogik, Umweltspiele oder Projekte, LUKAS - das Lernprogramm Umweltbildung an kaufmaennischen Schulen und die `Europaeische Umweltakademie` im westfaelischen Borken. Der Bestandsaufnahme ueber zentrale Forschungs- und Foerdereinrichtungen folgen abschliessend Bilanz und Ausblick. (orig.)

Inhibitory effects of a novel Val to Thr mutation on the distal heme of human catalase.

Science.gov (United States)

Mashhadi, Zahra; Boeglin, William E; Brash, Alan R

2014-11-01

True catalases efficiently breakdown hydrogen peroxide, whereas the catalase-related enzyme allene oxide synthase (cAOS) is completely unreactive and instead metabolizes a fatty acid hydroperoxide. In cAOS a Thr residue adjacent to the distal His restrains reaction with H2O2 (Tosha et al. (2006) J. Biol. Chem. 281:12610; De Luna et al. (2013) J. Phys. Chem. B 117: 14635) and its mutation to the consensus Val of true catalases permits the interaction. Here we investigated the effects of the reciprocal experiment in which the Val74 of human catalase is mutated to Thr, Ser, Met, Pro, or Ala. The Val74Thr substitution decreased catalatic activity by 3.5-fold and peroxidatic activity by 3-fold. Substitution with Ser had similar negative effects (5- and 3-fold decreases). Met decreased catalatic activity 2-fold and eliminated peroxidatic activity altogether, whereas the Val74Ala substitution was well tolerated. (The Val74Pro protein lacked heme). We conclude that the conserved Val74 of true catalases helps optimize catalysis. There are rare substitutions of Val74 with Ala, Met, or Pro, but not with Ser of Thr, possibly due their hydrogen bonding affecting the conformation of His75, the essential distal heme residue for activity in catalases. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. and Société française de biochimie et biologie Moléculaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved.

Ką apima sąvoka "dalykinė kalba"? Was umfasst der Begriff Fachsprache?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eglė Kontutytė

2007-01-01

Full Text Available In den letzten Jahrzehnten ist die Fachsprache zu einem der wichtigsten Gegenstände der angewandten Linguistik geworden. In der lituanistischen Sprachwissenschaft wird aber dieser Begriff noch selten erwähnt und ist noch kaum definiert. Mehrere diesen Begriff bezeichnende Termini („dalykinë kalba“, „specialioji kalba“, „specialybës kalba“ ir „profesinë kalba“ werden verwendet, deren Inhalt aber nicht genau festgelegt wird. In der germanistischen Fachsprachenforschung wird der Begriff „Fachsprache“ mit Hilfe lexikalischer, grammatischer, kommunikativ-funktionaler, soziolinguistischer, pragmatischer, kognitiver, soziologischer Kriterien beschrieben. Die Fachsprache als Gegenstand der Linguistik ist heterogen. Mehrere Klassifizierungsmodelle der Fachsprache stellen die Komplexität und die Vielfalt der Gliederungskriterien dieses Gegenstands dar. Die meist verwendeten Kriterien sind das Fach und der Abstraktionsgrad der Sprache. Die Fixierung der Fachbereiche führt zu horizontaler Gliederung der Fachsprache. Unter Fächern und ihren Fachsprachen werden z.B. Wirtschaft, Geschichte, Biologie, Medizin, Literaturwissenschaft verstanden. Die horizontal gegliederten Fachsprachen werden vertikal geschichtet. Die vertikale Schichtung einer Fachsprache erfolgt aufgrund ihres Spezialisierungs- und Abstraktionsgrads.Der Forschungsgegenstand hat sich mit der Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaft vom Fachwort zur fachsprachlichen Syntax geändert. In der letzten Zeit steht im Mittelpunkt der Fachsprachenforschung der Fachtext, die Fachtextsorten sowie die Fachkommunikation als Hauptgegenstand der Fachsprachenforschung.Aufgrund der Vielfalt der Kommunikationsbereiche und Kommunikationspartner, zu denen auch z. B. Laien gehören, könnte die litauische Benennung „dalykinë kalba“ den oben dargestellten Begriff am genausten bezeichnen.

Les métamatériaux, des micro-ondes à l'optique : théorie et applications

Science.gov (United States)

Kante, B.

2010-04-01

Cet article constitue une contribution originale et importante à la compréhension à la fois théorique et expérimentale des métamatériaux en micro-ondes et en infrarouge. Nous avons réalisé et caractérisé sur silicium des nano-structures metallo-diélectriques, briques de base des métamatériaux infrarouge et optique. Des caractérisations optiques exhaustives ont été réalisées pour la première fois sur ces structures en amplitude et en phase par interférométrie. Des topologies plus simples de métamatériaux d’un point de vue technologique et des performances optiques ont été introduites, et leur potentiel démontré dans la réalisation de fonctions aussi complexes que la réfraction négative, le couplage de mode plasmoniques, les nano senseurs pour la biologie et l’invisibilité électromagnétique en infrarouge. Les transformations d’espace, et le nouveau paradigme qu’elles offrent à l’optique, rendant possible une ingénierie de l’espace pour les photons ainsi que leur implémentation par métamatériaux ont été présentés par la première démonstration expérimentale d’une cape d’invisibilité non magnétique.

Guidelines for certification of International Normalized Ratio (INR) for vitamin K antagonists monitoring according to the EN ISO 22870 standards.

Science.gov (United States)

Brionne-François, Marie; Bauters, Anne; Mouton, Christine; Voisin, Sophie; Flaujac, Claire; Le Querrec, Agnès; Lasne, Dominique

2018-06-01

Point of care testing (POCT) must comply with regulatory requirements according to standard EN ISO 22870, which identify biologists as responsible for POCT. INR for vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) monitoring is a test frequently performed in haemostasis laboratories. Bedside INR is useful in emergency room, in particular in case of VKAs overdosage but also for specific populations of patients like paediatrics or geriatrics. INR POCT devices are widely used at home by the patients for self-testing, but their use in the hospital by the clinical staff for bedside measurement is growing, with devices which now comply with standard for POCT accreditation for hospital use. The majority of point of care devices for INR monitoring has shown a good precision and accuracy with results similar to those obtained in laboratory. With the aim to help the multidisciplinary groups for POCT supervision, the medical departments and the biologists to be in accordance with the standard, we present the guidelines of the GFHT (Groupe français d'étude sur l'hémostase et la thrombose, subcommittee "CEC et biologie délocalisée") for the certification of POCT INR. These guidelines are based on the SFBC guidelines for the certification of POCT and on the analysis of the literature to ascertain the justification of clinical need and assess the analytical performance of main analysers used in France, as well as on a survey conducted with biologists.

Inflammation induced mTORC2-Akt-mTORC1 signaling promotes macrophage foam cell formation.

Science.gov (United States)

Banerjee, Dipanjan; Sinha, Archana; Saikia, Sudeshna; Gogoi, Bhaskarjyoti; Rathore, Arvind K; Das, Anindhya Sundar; Pal, Durba; Buragohain, Alak K; Dasgupta, Suman

2018-06-05

The transformation of macrophages into lipid loaded foam cells is a critical and early event in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Several recent reports highlighted that induction of TLR4 signaling promotes macrophage foam cell formation; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been clearly elucidated. Here, we found that the TLR4 mediated inflammatory signaling communicated with mTORC2-Akt-mTORC1 metabolic cascade in macrophage and thereby promoting lipid uptake and foam cell formation. Mechanistically, LPS treatment markedly upregulates TLR4 mediated inflammatory pathway which by activating mTORC2 induces Akt phosphorylation at serine 473 and that aggravate mTORC1 dependent scavenger receptors expression and consequent lipid accumulation in THP-1 macrophages. Inhibition of mTORC2 either by silencing Rictor expression or inhibiting its association with mTOR notably prevents LPS induced Akt activation, scavenger receptors expression and macrophage lipid accumulation. Although suppression of mTORC1 expression by genetic knockdown of Raptor did not produce any significant change in Akt S473 phosphorylation, however, incubation with Akt activator in Rictor silenced cells failed to promote scavenger receptors expression and macrophage foam cell formation. Thus, present research explored the signaling pathway involved in inflammation induced macrophage foam cells formation and therefore, targeting this pathway might be useful for preventing macrophage foam cell formation. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. and Société Française de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved.

Direct imaging electron microscopy (EM) methods in modern structural biology: overview and comparison with X-ray crystallography and single-particle cryo-EM reconstruction in the studies of large macromolecules.

Science.gov (United States)

Miyaguchi, Katsuyuki

2014-10-01

Determining the structure of macromolecules is important for understanding their function. The fine structure of large macromolecules is currently studied primarily by X-ray crystallography and single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (EM) reconstruction. Before the development of these techniques, macromolecular structure was often examined by negative-staining, rotary-shadowing and freeze-etching EM, which are categorised here as 'direct imaging EM methods'. In this review, the results are summarised by each of the above techniques and compared with respect to four macromolecules: the ryanodine receptor, cadherin, rhodopsin and the ribosome-translocon complex (RTC). The results of structural analysis of the ryanodine receptor and cadherin are consistent between each technique. The results obtained for rhodopsin vary to some extent within each technique and between the different techniques. Finally, the results for RTC are inconsistent between direct imaging EM and other analytical techniques, especially with respect to the space within RTC, the reasons for which are discussed. Then, the role of direct imaging EM methods in modern structural biology is discussed. Direct imaging methods should support and verify the results obtained by other analytical methods capable of solving three-dimensional molecular architecture, and they should still be used as a primary tool for studying macromolecule structure in vivo. © 2014 Société Française des Microscopies and Société de Biologie Cellulaire de France. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

The chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate 4-O-endosulfatase from marine bacterium Vibrio sp FC509 is a dimeric species: Biophysical characterization of an endosulfatase.

Science.gov (United States)

Neira, José L; Medina-Carmona, Encarnación; Hernández-Cifre, José G; Montoliu-Gaya, Laia; Cámara-Artigás, Ana; Seffouh, Ilham; Gonnet, Florence; Daniel, Régis; Villegas, Sandra; de la Torre, José García; Pey, Angel L; Li, Fuchuan

2016-12-01

Sulfatases catalyze hydrolysis of sulfate groups. They have a key role in regulating the sulfation states that determine the function of several scaffold molecules. Currently, there are no studies of the conformational stability of endosulfatases. In this work, we describe the structural features and conformational stability of a 4-O-endosulfatase (EndoV) from a marine bacterium, which removes specifically the 4-O-sulfate from chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate. For that purpose, we have used several biophysical techniques, namely, fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD), FTIR spectroscopy, analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), mass spectrometry (MS), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The protein was a dimer with an elongated shape. EndoV acquired a native-like structure in a narrow pH range (7.0-9.0); it is within this range where the protein shows the maximum of enzymatic activity. The dimerization did not involve the presence of disulphide-bridges as suggested by AUC, SEC and DLS experiments in the presence of β-mercaptoethanol (β-ME). EndoV secondary structure is formed by a mixture of α and β-sheet topology, as judged by deconvolution of CD and FTIR spectra. Thermal and chemical denaturations showed irreversibility and the former indicates that protein did not unfold completely during heating. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. and Société Française de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved.

Co-culture of clonal beta cells with GLP-1 and glucagon-secreting cell line impacts on beta cell insulin secretion, proliferation and susceptibility to cytotoxins.

Science.gov (United States)

Green, Alastair D; Vasu, Srividya; Moffett, R Charlotte; Flatt, Peter R

2016-06-01

We investigated the direct effects on insulin releasing MIN6 cells of chronic exposure to GLP-1, glucagon or a combination of both peptides secreted from GLUTag L-cell and αTC1.9 alpha-cell lines in co-culture. MIN6, GLUTag and αTC1.9 cell lines exhibited high cellular hormone content and release of insulin, GLP-1 and glucagon, respectively. Co-culture of MIN6 cells with GLUTag cells significantly increased cellular insulin content, beta-cell proliferation, insulin secretory responses to a range of established secretogogues and afforded protection against exposure cytotoxic concentrations of glucose, lipid, streptozotocin or cytokines. Benefits of co-culture of MIN6 cells with αTC1.9 alphacells were limited to enhanced beta-cell proliferation with marginal positive actions on both insulin secretion and cellular protection. In contrast, co-culture of MIN6 with GLUTag cells plus αTC1.9 cells, markedly enhanced both insulin secretory responses and protection against beta-cell toxins compared with co-culture with GLUTag cells alone. These data indicate important long-term effects of conjoint GLP-1 and glucagon exposure on beta-cell function. This illustrates the possible functional significance of alpha-cell GLP-1 production as well as direct beneficial effects of dual agonism at beta-cell GLP-1 and glucagon receptors. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. and Société française de biochimie et biologie Moléculaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved.

[Neuroscience and collective memory: memory schemas linking brain, societies and cultures].

Science.gov (United States)

Legrand, Nicolas; Gagnepain, Pierre; Peschanski, Denis; Eustache, Francis

2015-01-01

During the last two decades, the effect of intersubjective relationships on cognition has been an emerging topic in cognitive neurosciences leading through a so-called "social turn" to the formation of new domains integrating society and cultures to this research area. Such inquiry has been recently extended to collective memory studies. Collective memory refers to shared representations that are constitutive of the identity of a group and distributed among all its members connected by a common history. After briefly describing those evolutions in the study of human brain and behaviors, we review recent researches that have brought together cognitive psychology, neuroscience and social sciences into collective memory studies. Using the reemerging concept of memory schema, we propose a theoretical framework allowing to account for collective memories formation with a specific focus on the encoding process of historical events. We suggest that (1) if the concept of schema has been mainly used to describe rather passive framework of knowledge, such structure may also be implied in more active fashions in the understanding of significant collective events. And, (2) if some schema researches have restricted themselves to the individual level of inquiry, we describe a strong coherence between memory and cultural frameworks. Integrating the neural basis and properties of memory schema to collective memory studies may pave the way toward a better understanding of the reciprocal interaction between individual memories and cultural resources such as media or education. © Société de Biologie, 2016.

Providing surgical care in Somalia: A model of task shifting.

Science.gov (United States)

Chu, Kathryn M; Ford, Nathan P; Trelles, Miguel

2011-07-15

Somalia is one of the most political unstable countries in the world. Ongoing insecurity has forced an inconsistent medical response by the international community, with little data collection. This paper describes the "remote" model of surgical care by Medecins Sans Frontieres, in Guri-El, Somalia. The challenges of providing the necessary prerequisites for safe surgery are discussed as well as the successes and limitations of task shifting in this resource-limited context. In January 2006, MSF opened a project in Guri-El located between Mogadishu and Galcayo. The objectives were to reduce mortality due to complications of pregnancy and childbirth and from violent and non-violent trauma. At the start of the program, expatriate surgeons and anesthesiologists established safe surgical practices and performed surgical procedures. After January 2008, expatriates were evacuated due to insecurity and surgical care has been provided by local Somalian doctors and nurses with periodic supervisory visits from expatriate staff. Between October 2006 and December 2009, 2086 operations were performed on 1602 patients. The majority (1049, 65%) were male and the median age was 22 (interquartile range, 17-30). 1460 (70%) of interventions were emergent. Trauma accounted for 76% (1585) of all surgical pathology; gunshot wounds accounted for 89% (584) of violent injuries. Operative mortality (0.5% of all surgical interventions) was not higher when Somalian staff provided care compared to when expatriate surgeons and anesthesiologists. The delivery of surgical care in any conflict-settings is difficult, but in situations where international support is limited, the challenges are more extreme. In this model, task shifting, or the provision of services by less trained cadres, was utilized and peri-operative mortality remained low demonstrating that safe surgical practices can be accomplished even without the presence of fully trained surgeon and anesthesiologists. If security improves

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy under spinal anesthesia: comparative study between conventional-dose and low-dose hyperbaric bupivacaine

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Imbelloni LE

2011-10-01

Full Text Available Luiz Eduardo Imbelloni1, Raphael Sant'Anna2, Marcos Fornasari2, José Carlos Fialho21Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medecine Nova Esperança, Hospital de Mangabeira, João Pessoa, 2Hospital Rio Laranjeiras, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilBackground: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has the advantages of causing less postoperative pain and requiring a short hospital stay, and therefore is the treatment of choice for cholelithiasis. This study was designed to compare spinal anesthesia using hyperbaric bupivacaine given as a conventional dose by lumbar puncture or as a low-dose by thoracic puncture.Methods: A total of 140 patients with symptomatic gallstone disease were randomized to undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy with low-pressure CO2 pneumoperitoneum under spinal anesthesia using either conventional lumbar spinal anesthesia (hyperbaric bupivacaine 15 mg and fentanyl 20 mg or low-dose thoracic spinal anesthesia (hyperbaric bupivacaine 7.5 mg and fentanyl 20 µg. Intraoperative parameters, postoperative pain, complications, recovery time, and patient satisfaction at follow-up were compared between the two treatment groups.Results: All procedures were completed under spinal anesthesia, with no cases needing conversion to general anesthesia. Values for time for block to reach the T3 dermatomal level, duration of motor and sensory block, and hypotensive events were significantly lower with low-dose bupivacaine. Postoperative pain was higher for low-dose hyperbaric bupivacaine at 6 and 12 hours. All patients were discharged after 24 hours. Follow-up 1 week postoperatively showed all patients to be satisfied and to be keen advocates of spinal anesthesia.Conclusion: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be performed successfully under spinal anesthesia. A small dose of hyperbaric bupivacaine 7.5 mg and 20 µg fentanyl provides adequate spinal anesthesia for laparoscopy and, in comparison with hyperbaric bupivacaine 15% and fentanyl 20 µg, causes markedly

General solutions to multiple testing problems. Translation of "Sonnemann, E. (1982). Allgemeine Lösungen multipler Test probleme. EDV in Medizin und Biologie 13(4), 120-128".

Science.gov (United States)

Sonnemann, Eckart

2008-10-01

The introduction of sequentially rejective multiple test procedures (Einot and Gabriel, 1975; Naik, 1975; Holm, 1977; Holm, 1979) has caused considerable progress in the theory of multiple comparisons. Emphasizing the closure of multiple tests we give a survey of the general theory and its recent results in applications. Some new applications are given including a discussion of the connection with the theory of confidence regions.

Ecologie et biologie de la conservation des métallophytes: le cas de Crepidorhopalon perenniset C. tenuis (Scrophulariaceae) des sols cupro-cobaltifères du Katanga

OpenAIRE

Faucon, Michel-Pierre

2009-01-01

La province du Katanga est connue pour ses affleurements naturels de roches riches en cuivre et en cobalt. Plus d’une centaine de « collines de cuivre », isolées géographiquement et écologiquement possèdent une flore très originale qui comprend plus de 600 espèces dont 32 endémiques. Les métallophytes du Katanga sont des plantes fascinantes aux points de vue écologique, biogéographique, physiologique et évolutif. Elles restent très peu étudiées et leur conservation est très problématique comp...

Obligation of information and nuclear medicine after the law of march 4. 2002; Obligation d'information en medecine nucleaire apres la loi du 4 mars 2002

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bloch, L. [Universite Montesquieu, ATER, 33 - Bordeaux (France)

2002-06-01

The default of the obligation of information, which should only be a deontological fault, had begun to intrude on the area of responsibility, whether it be criminal or indeed civil. 'Ethical' responsibility took over a 'technical' responsibility limited by the primacy of fault. The law of March 4, 2002 prepared the ground for a return of this sword of Damocles towards its natural area, that is to say deontological fault which comes within ordinal jurisdictions. Thus the main contribution of this law is to be found in the definition of medical responsibility which, by limiting responsibility to a technical fault, seems to rule out the default of the obligation of information. The law of March 4, 2002 has not stirred up the content of the obligation of information for all that. The question of the information on exceptional risks is the only one to have noticeably evolved, since information now concerns only predictable risks. Therefore, the law of March 4, 2002, in no way leads to the death of the obligation of information, quite the reverse: the quality requirements in the information of the patient are even reinforced in some of their aspects, but in compensation for these requirements, there is no exacerbated responsibility anymore. (author)

Medical irradiation, radioactive waste and misinformation. A press release from the French Academy of Medicine; Irradiation medicale, dechets, desinformation: un avis de l'Academie de medecine

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The, G. de; Tubiana, M

2002-07-01

The Academy of Medicine, worried by the problems that poses for public opinion the medical irradiation, the radioactive wastes and some erroneous information that these subjects give rise to, considers useful to give an advice based on objective data. (N.C.)

Interest of nuclear medicine in the diagnosis of congenital and childhood hypothyroidism; Apports de la medecine nucleaire au diagnostic des hypothyroidies congenitales et de l'enfant

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Clerc, J. [Hopital Necker, Medecine Nucleaire, 75 - Paris (France)

2002-08-01

The paediatric thyroid scan (PTS) remains a cornerstone test in guiding the etiological diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism (CH). In hypothyroid babies, thyroxine therapy must be started immediately. A reliable PTS can be obtained in the following days even under T4 therapy. {sup 123}I is the isotope of choice since it provides quantitated images and a clinically relevant grading of dys-hormonal-genetic disorders. The dosimetry of {sup 123}I is lower than usually considered because iodine uptake is absent or low in most cases of CH and because the energy deposited within the colloid has no expected radiobiological detriment. PTS is a highly contributive, sensitive and reproducible test in identifying thyroid dysgenesis the most frequent etiology (70%) of permanent CH. Since agenesis requires a very careful T4 therapy monitoring, PTS is also of therapeutic interest. PTS can distinguish 3 types of dys-hormonal-genetic disorders (10%). In type 1, low uptake indicates a defective R-TSH or a NIS defect when {sup 123}I gastric uptake is absent. Type 2 - high uptake, goiter and positive perchlorate discharge test (PDT) - refers to organification defects (TPO, THOX1,2, Pendrin). Type 3 (goiter, high uptake, negative PDT) includes coupling defects, thyroglobulin abnormalities and dehalogenase deficiency. Main transient aetiologies (20%) of CH are iodine overload and blocking anti hR-TSH antibodies, while thyroiditis and dietary iodine overload are more frequent thereafter The molecular understanding of the defects involved in CH rapidly develops. However, precocious diagnosis, appropriate T4 therapy and sorting out the etiology are the most relevant parameters which determine the final clinical prognosis. (author)

Immunomodulatory properties of 1,2-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxamide derivative VL15.

Science.gov (United States)

Malfitano, Anna Maria; Laezza, Chiara; Bertini, Simone; Marasco, Daniela; Tuccinardi, Tiziano; Bifulco, Maurizio; Manera, Clementina

2017-04-01

1,2-Dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxamide derivative VL15 has been recently developed as a selective cannabinoid CB2 receptor compound. Given the high selectivity of this compound at the cannabinoid CB2 receptor and the well-known protective function of this receptor in neurological disorders with autoimmune component like multiple sclerosis, we assessed the immunomodulatory properties of VL15. We assessed on activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells), proliferation and viability, cell cycle progression and measured activation markers and the expression of phosphorylated proteins. We found that VL15 reduces PBMC proliferation slightly affecting cell vitality, blocks the cell cycle progression and down-regulates the levels of T cell activation markers as well as the expression of phosphorylated proteins, NF-kB, IKKαβ, IKBα, ERK and Akt. VL15 was also used in drug-permeability assays on Caco-2 cell line to evaluate its oral bioavailability and on MDCKII-hMDR1 cell lines to estimate its propensity to cross the blood-brain barrier by passive diffusion, in order to potentially maintain its efficiency on the infiltrating auto-reactive lymphocytes in the central nervous system. In these models, VL15 showed high intestinal absorption and good blood-brain barrier penetration. Our findings suggest that VL15, by controlling the immune response, might find potential application as orally administered drug in pathologies like multiple sclerosis. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. and Société Française de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved.

Contribution to the studies on the mineral content of plant material through radioactivation analysis; Contribution a l'etude de la composition minerale des matieres vegetales au moyen de l'analyse par radioactivation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fourcy, A [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Grenoble (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1968-03-15

Radioactivation analysis is by its great sensibility or its rapidity quite helpful in plant biology and agronomy. Specific composition of plants and results to obtain in biological experimentation have needed a practical research on analytical methods for plant materials, using for radioactivation swimming-pool reactor neutrons and 14 MeV neutrons from a generator. Dosage process for 25 elements is exposed, taking account of the interest of the analysis for each element, the average amount occurring in plants and the result obtained. Many applications are developed, concerning nutrition physiology, genetics, parasitology, toxicology, control of manufactured agricultural and pharmaceutical products industrial and pesticides residues, ecology, radioecology and biochemistry. (author) [French] L'analyse par radioactivation, par sa grande sensibilite ou sa rapidite, est susceptible de rendre de nombreux services en biologie vegetale et en agronomie. La composition particuliere des plantes et les buts recherches dans l'experimentation ont exige une etude concrete des methodes d'analyse propres a la matiere vegetale en utilisant, pour la radioactivation, soit un reacteur de type piscine a eau legere, soit un accelerateur generateur de neutrons de 14 MeV. Le mode de dosage de 25 elements est expose en tenant compte de l'interet de l'analyse de chaque element, des teneurs moyennes rencontrees dans les plantes, et du resultat atteint. De nombreuses applications sont developpees qui touchent a la physiologie de la nutrition, la genetique, la parasitologie, la toxicologie, le controle des fabrications, les pollutions industrielles, l'ecologie, la radioecologie et la biochimie. (auteur)

Limit to the measurement of feeble activities using ionization chambers; Limite des possibilites de mesure de faibles activites au moyen de chambres d'ionisation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Briere, M [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1958-07-01

The present account based on experience acquired in the Biology Service, in measuring feeble activities of tritium and carbon-14 has been prepared for the benefit hose who have to carry out measurements of feeble activities using ionization chambers. Precision are given on the behaviour and actual performance of vibrating condenser electrometers, based on approximately two years operating experience. It is shown that the possibilities of utilisation are not limited as is generally believed by insufficient sensitivity and stability of the electronic equipment, but by the existence of various parasitic phenomena coming from the ionization chamber itself, which make very difficult the measurement of ionization currents which are less than 10{sup -14} A. (author)Fren. [French] Le present compte rendu, base sur l'experience acquise au Service de Biologie dans la mesure de faibles activites de tritium et de carbone-14, est redige a l'intention des personnes ayant a effectuer des mesures de tres faibles activites au moyen de chambres d'ionisation. Il donne des precisions sur le comportement et les performances reelles des electrometres a condensateur vibrant, basees sur environ deux ans d'utilisation, et demontre que les possibilites de mesure ne sont pas limitees - comme on le croit generalement - par l'insuffisance de sensibilite et de stabilite de l'appareillage electronique, mais par l'existence de divers phenomenes parasites dont la chambre d'ionisation est le siege et qui rendent tres difficiles la mesure de courants d'ionisation inferieurs a 10{sup -14} A. (auteur)

A novel mitochondrial nuclease-associated protein: a major executor of the programmed nuclear death in Tetrahymena thermophila.

Science.gov (United States)

Osada, Eriko; Akematsu, Takahiko; Asano, Tomoya; Endoh, Hiroshi

2014-03-01

Programmed nuclear death (PND) in the ciliate Tetrahymena is an apoptosis-like phenomenon that occurs in a restricted space of cytoplasm during conjugation. In the process, only the parental macronucleus is selectively eliminated from the progeny cytoplasm, in conjunction with differentiation of new macronuclei for the next generation. For the last decade, mitochondria have been elucidated to be a crucial executioner like apoptosis: apoptosis-inducing factor and yet-unidentified nucleases localised in mitochondria are major factors for PND. To identify such nucleases, we performed a DNase assay in a PAGE (SDS-DNA-PAGE) using total mitochondrial proteins. Some proteins showed DNase activity, but particularly a 17 kDa protein exhibited the highest and predominant activity. Mass spectrometric analysis revealed a novel mitochondrial nuclease, named TMN1, whose homologue has been discovered only in the ciliate Paramecium tetraurelia, but not in other eukaryotes. Gene disruption of TMN1 led to a drastic reduction of mitochondrial nuclease activity and blocked nuclear degradation during conjugation, but did not affect accumulation of autophagic and lysosomal machinery around the parental macronucleus. These observations strongly suggest that the mitochondrial nuclease-associated protein plays a key role in PND as a major executor. Taking the novel protein specific to ciliates in consideration, Tetrahymena would have diverted a different protein from common apoptotic factors shared in eukaryotes to PND in the course of ciliate evolution. © 2014 Société Française des Microscopies and Société de Biologie Cellulaire de France. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Contribution to the studies on the mineral content of plant material through radioactivation analysis; Contribution a l'etude de la composition minerale des matieres vegetales au moyen de l'analyse par radioactivation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fourcy, A. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Grenoble (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1968-03-15

Radioactivation analysis is by its great sensibility or its rapidity quite helpful in plant biology and agronomy. Specific composition of plants and results to obtain in biological experimentation have needed a practical research on analytical methods for plant materials, using for radioactivation swimming-pool reactor neutrons and 14 MeV neutrons from a generator. Dosage process for 25 elements is exposed, taking account of the interest of the analysis for each element, the average amount occurring in plants and the result obtained. Many applications are developed, concerning nutrition physiology, genetics, parasitology, toxicology, control of manufactured agricultural and pharmaceutical products industrial and pesticides residues, ecology, radioecology and biochemistry. (author) [French] L'analyse par radioactivation, par sa grande sensibilite ou sa rapidite, est susceptible de rendre de nombreux services en biologie vegetale et en agronomie. La composition particuliere des plantes et les buts recherches dans l'experimentation ont exige une etude concrete des methodes d'analyse propres a la matiere vegetale en utilisant, pour la radioactivation, soit un reacteur de type piscine a eau legere, soit un accelerateur generateur de neutrons de 14 MeV. Le mode de dosage de 25 elements est expose en tenant compte de l'interet de l'analyse de chaque element, des teneurs moyennes rencontrees dans les plantes, et du resultat atteint. De nombreuses applications sont developpees qui touchent a la physiologie de la nutrition, la genetique, la parasitologie, la toxicologie, le controle des fabrications, les pollutions industrielles, l'ecologie, la radioecologie et la biochimie. (auteur)

Alterations in membrane trafficking and pathophysiological implications in lysosomal storage disorders.

Science.gov (United States)

Kuech, Eva-Maria; Brogden, Graham; Naim, Hassan Y

2016-11-01

Lysosomal storage disorders are a heterogeneous group of more than 50 distinct inborn metabolic diseases affecting about 1 in 5000 to 7000 live births. The diseases often result from mutations followed by functional deficiencies of enzymes or transporters within the acidic environment of the lysosome, which mediate the degradation of a wide subset of substrates, including glycosphingolipids, glycosaminoglycans, cholesterol, glycogen, oligosaccharides, peptides and glycoproteins, or the export of the respective degradation products from the lysosomes. The progressive accumulation of uncleaved substrates occurs in multiple organs and finally causes a broad spectrum of different pathologies including visceral, neurological, skeletal and hematologic manifestations. Besides deficient lysosomal enzymes and transporters other defects may lead to lysosomal storage disorders, including activator defects, membrane defects or defects in modifier proteins. In this review we concentrate on four different lysosomal storage disorders: Niemann-Pick type C, Fabry disease, Gaucher disease and Pompe disease. While the last three are caused by defective lysosomal hydrolases, Niemann-Pick type C is caused by the inability to export LDL-derived cholesterol out of the lysosome. We want to emphasise potential implications of membrane trafficking defects on the pathology of these diseases, as many mutations interfere with correct lysosomal protein trafficking and alter cellular lipid homeostasis. Current therapeutic strategies are summarised, including substrate reduction therapy as well as pharmacological chaperone therapy which directly aim to improve folding and lysosomal transport of misfolded mutant proteins. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. and Société Française de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved.

Characterization of glutathione peroxidase diversity in the symbiotic sea anemone Anemonia viridis.

Science.gov (United States)

Pey, Alexis; Zamoum, Thamilla; Christen, Richard; Merle, Pierre-Laurent; Furla, Paola

2017-01-01

Cnidarians living in symbiosis with photosynthetic dinoflagellates (commonly named zooxanthellae) are exposed to high concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon illumination. To quench ROS production, both the cnidarian host and zooxanthellae express a full suite of antioxidant enzymes. Studying antioxidative balance is therefore crucial to understanding how symbiotic cnidarians cope with ROS production. We characterized glutathione peroxidases (GPx) in the symbiotic cnidarian Anemonia viridis by analysis of their isoform diversity, their activity distribution in the three cellular compartments (ectoderm, endoderm and zooxanthellae) and their involvement in the response to thermal stress. We identified a GPx repertoire through a phylogenetic analysis showing 7 GPx transcripts belonging to the A. viridis host and 4 GPx transcripts strongly related to Symbiodinium sp. The biochemical approach, used for the first time with a cnidarian species, allowed the identification of GPx activity in the three cellular compartments and in the animal mitochondrial fraction, and revealed a high GPx electrophoretic diversity. The symbiotic lifestyle of zooxanthellae requires more GPx activity and diversity than that of free-living species. Heat stress induced no modification of GPx activities. We highlight a high GPx diversity in A. viridis tissues by genomic and biochemical approaches. GPx activities represent an overall constitutive enzymatic pattern inherent to symbiotic lifestyle adaptation. This work allows the characterization of the GPx family in a symbiotic cnidarian and establishes a foundation for future studies of GPx in symbiotic cnidarians. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. and Société Française de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved.

Sensory analysis of cosmetic powders: personal care ingredients and emulsions.

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Moussour, M; Lavarde, M; Pensé-Lhéritier, A-M; Bouton, F

2017-02-01

The powders are ingredients increasingly used in the formulation of cosmetic products for the sensory qualities they give. The objective of this study was the development of a lexicon and a referential for sensory characterization of these pure raw materials as well as formulations which contain them. Eleven expert panellists from Ecole de biologie industrielle de Cergy (France) developed a lexicon and a referential based on 12 powders of different chemical natures. The selected attributes were then used for performing a quantitative descriptive profile of two powders and an emulsion containing or not one of these two powders. A lexicon has been established through a consensus approach of the panel. It contains seven attributes that allow the evaluation of the powders in four phases: the appearance, the pickup, the application and the after-feel. This lexicon contains definitions and assessment protocols and provides references products. The quantitative descriptive profile of two powders of the same chemical nature, but different in physical quality showed significant differences in sensory level between products. These same attributes used to evaluate an emulsion containing the powder or not allowed to prove the contribution of these raw materials on the sensory specificities of the emulsion. The lexicon developed in this study can be used for assessment of other powders but also to define the quantities necessary to put in the formulation to meet the sensory characteristics of these raw materials powder. © 2016 Society of Cosmetic Scientists and the Société Française de Cosmétologie.

From green chemistry to nature: The versatile role of low transition temperature mixtures.

Science.gov (United States)

Durand, Erwann; Lecomte, Jérôme; Villeneuve, Pierre

2016-01-01

In 1998, the concept of "green chemistry" was established through twelve principles with the aim of improving the eco-efficiency of chemical processes and to judge, whether or not, a chemical process is sustainable. Currently, numerous processes do not obey to most of these principles (large energy usage, formation of waste, usage of hazardous solvents and reagents, etc …), which have forced the scientists to develop and implement new strategies for upcoming researches. One of the most attractive challenges is finding, creating and developing new and green media. Over the last decades, the scientific community has mainly focused on two different classes of solvents (namely, Ionic liquids and Eutectic Solvents). These solvents share advantageous characteristics (low vapor pressure, thermally stable, non-flammable, etc …) making them an attractive option to implement sustainable chemistry and engineering. Mainly due to its environmental and economic features, DES are now growing much more interest. Indeed, although their ecotoxicological profile is still poorly known, DES are classified as "green" solvents because they are composed of molecules which are considered to be eco-friendly. The fast, numerous and broad scope of studies on these new liquids make the literature rather complex to understand. Here, we attempted to establish a succinct history and a presentation of these liquids with emphasis on their role, classification, importance and application in biological systems. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. and Société Française de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved.

Zu einer inhaltsorientierten Theorie des Lernens und Lehrens der biologischen Evolution

Science.gov (United States)

Wallin, Anita

Der Zweck dieser Studie (zwecks Überblick siehe dazu Abb. 9.1) war zu untersuchen, wie die Schüler der Sekundarstufe II ein Verständnis von der Theorie der biologischen Evolution entwickeln. Vom Ausgangspunkt "Vorurteile der Schüler“ ausgehend wurden Unterrichtssequenzen entwickelt und drei verschiedene Lernexperimente in einem zyklischen Prozess durchgeführt. Das Wissen der Schüler wurde vor, während und nach den Unterrichtssequenzen mit Hilfe von schriftlichen Tests, Interviews und Diskussionsrunden in kleinen Gruppen abgefragt. Etwa 80 % der Schüler hatten vor dem Unterricht alternative Vorstellungen von Evolution, und in dem Nachfolgetest erreichten circa 75 % ein wissenschaftliches Niveau. Die Argumentation der Schüler in den verschiedenen Tests wurde sorgfältig unter Rücksichtnahme auf Vorurteile, der konzeptionellen Struktur der Theorie der Evolution und den Zielen des Unterrichts analysiert. Daraus konnten Einsichten in solche Anforderungen an Lehren und Lernen gewonnen werden, die Herausforderungen an Schüler und Lehrer darstellen, wenn sie anfangen, evolutionäre Biologie zu lernen oder zu lehren. Ein wichtiges Ergebnis war, dass das Verständnis existierender Variation in einer Population der Schlüssel zum Verständnis von natürlicher Selektion ist. Die Ergebnisse sind in einer inhaltsorientierten Theorie zusammengefasst, welche aus drei verschiedenen Aspekten besteht: 1) den inhaltsspezifischen Aspekten, die einzigartig für jedes wissenschaftliche Feld sind; 2) den Aspekten, die die Natur der Wissenschaft betreffen; und 3) den allgemeinen Aspekten. Diese Theorie kann in neuen Experimenten getestet und weiter entwickelt werden.

Principles and equations for measuring and interpreting protein stability: From monomer to tetramer.

Science.gov (United States)

Bedouelle, Hugues

2016-02-01

The ability to measure the thermodynamic stability of proteins with precision is important for both academic and applied research. Such measurements rely on mathematical models of the protein denaturation profile, i.e. the relation between a global protein signal, corresponding to the folding states in equilibrium, and the variable value of a denaturing agent, either heat or a chemical molecule, e.g. urea or guanidinium hydrochloride. In turn, such models rely on a handful of physical laws: the laws of mass action and conservation, the law that relates the protein signal and concentration, and the one that relates stability and denaturant value. So far, equations have been derived mainly for the denaturation profiles of homomeric proteins. Here, we review the underlying basic physical laws and show in detail how to derive model equations for the unfolding equilibria of homomeric or heteromeric proteins up to trimers and potentially tetramers, with or without folding intermediates, and give full demonstrations. We show that such equations cannot be derived for pentamers or higher oligomers except in special degenerate cases. We expand the method to signals that do not correspond to extensive protein properties. We review and expand methods for uncovering hidden intermediates of unfolding. Finally, we review methods for comparing and interpreting the thermodynamic parameters that derive from stability measurements for cognate wild-type and mutant proteins. This work should provide a robust theoretical basis for measuring the stability of complex proteins. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. and Société Française de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved.

Plasma kallikrein enhances platelet aggregation response by subthreshold doses of ADP.

Science.gov (United States)

Ottaiano, Tatiana F; Andrade, Sheila S; de Oliveira, Cleide; Silva, Mariana C C; Buri, Marcus V; Juliano, Maria A; Girão, Manoel J B C; Sampaio, Misako U; Schmaier, Alvin H; Wlodawer, Alexander; Maffei, Francisco H A; Oliva, Maria Luiza V

2017-04-01

Human plasma kallikrein (huPK) potentiates platelet responses to subthreshold doses of ADP, although huPK itself, does not induce platelet aggregation. In the present investigation, we observe that huPK pretreatment of platelets potentiates ADP-induced platelet activation by prior proteolysis of the G-protein-coupled receptor PAR-1. The potentiation of ADP-induced platelet activation by huPK is mediated by the integrin α IIb β 3 through interactions with the KGD/KGE sequence motif in huPK. Integrin α IIb β 3 is a cofactor for huPK binding to platelets to support PAR-1 hydrolysis that contributes to activation of the ADP signaling pathway. This activation pathway leads to phosphorylation of Src, AktS 473 , ERK1/2, and p38 MAPK, and to Ca 2+ release. The effect of huPK is blocked by specific antagonists of PAR-1 (SCH 19197) and α IIb β 3 (abciximab) and by synthetic peptides comprising the KGD and KGE sequence motifs of huPK. Further, recombinant plasma kallikrein inhibitor, rBbKI, also blocks this entire mechanism. These results suggest a new function for huPK. Formation of plasma kallikrein lowers the threshold for ADP-induced platelet activation. The present observations are consistent with the notion that plasma kallikrein promotes vascular disease and thrombosis in the intravascular compartment and its inhibition may ameliorate cardiovascular disease and thrombosis. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. and Société Française de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved.

[From dualism to multiplicity: seeing BCL-2 family proteins and cell death with new eyes].

Science.gov (United States)

Aouacheria, Abdel

2015-01-01

The concept of cell death has many links to the concept of death itself, defined as the opposite of life. Achievements obtained through research on apoptosis have apparently allowed us to transcend this Manichean view. Death is no longer outside, but rather inside living systems, as a constitutive force at work within the living matter. Whereas the death of cells can be positive and breed "creation" (e.g. during morphogenesis), its dysregulation can also cause or contribute to fatal diseases including cancer. It is tempting to apply this biological discourse to illuminate the relations between life and death, taken in general terms, but does this generalization actually hold? Is this discourse not essentially a metaphor? If cell death is considered as a vital aspect of various biological processes, then are we not faced with some vitalistic conception of death? Are there one or more meanings to the word "death"? Does the power to self-destruct act in opposition to other key features of living entities, or rather in juxtaposition to them? In this article, we first describe how the field of cell death has been developed on the basis of perceived and built dichotomies, mirroring the original opposition between life and death. We detail the limitations of the current paradigm of apoptosis regulation by BCL-2 family proteins, which nicely illustrate the problem of binary thinking in biology. Last, we try to show a way out of this dualistic matrix, by drawing on the notions of multiplicity, complexity, diversity, evolution and contingency. © Société de Biologie, 2016.

Fragile X syndrome: Are signaling lipids the missing culprits?

Science.gov (United States)

Tabet, Ricardos; Vitale, Nicolas; Moine, Hervé

2016-11-01

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common cause of inherited intellectual disability and autism. FXS results from the absence of FMRP, an RNA binding protein associated to ribosomes that influences the translation of specific mRNAs in post-synaptic compartments of neurons. The main molecular consequence of the absence of FMRP is an excessive translation of neuronal protein in several areas of the brain. This local protein synthesis deregulation is proposed to underlie the defect in synaptic plasticity responsible for FXS. Recent findings in neurons of the fragile X mouse model (Fmr1-KO) uncovered another consequence of the lack of FMRP: a deregulation of the diacylglycerol (DAG)/phosphatidic acid (PA) homeostasis. DAG and PA are two interconvertible lipids that influence membrane architecture and that act as essential signaling molecules that activate various downstream effectors, including master regulators of local protein synthesis and actin polymerization. As a consequence, DAG and PA govern a variety of cellular processes, including cell proliferation, vesicle/membrane trafficking and cytoskeletal organization. At the synapse, the level of these lipids is proposed to influence the synaptic activation status. FMRP appears as a master regulator of this neuronal process by controlling the translation of a diacylglycerol kinase enzyme that converts DAG into PA. The deregulated levels of DAG and PA caused by the absence of FMRP could represent a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of FXS. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. and Société Française de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved.

Application of the {beta}-Decay of Te{sup 132} for the Preparation of I{sup 132} -Labelled Molecules; Application de la Desintegration {sup 132}Te {beta}{sup -} -> {sup 132}I a la preparation de Molecules Marquees; ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ {beta}-РАСПАДА Te{sup 132} - J{sup 132} ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ МЕЧЕНЫХ МОЛЕКУЛ; Preparacion de Moleculas Marcadas Aplicando la Desintegracion {sup 132}Te {beta}{sup -} {sup 132}I

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Adloff, J. -P.; Adloff-Bacher, M. [Departement de Chimie Nucleaire, Centre de Recherches Nucleaires, Strasbourg (France)

1963-03-15

The principal advantage of iodine-132 in biological and medical applications, and in uses as a radioactive tracer, lies in its short half-life (T{sub 1/2} = 2.30 h) which, however, represents a serious drawback for the synthesis of labelled molecules. The paper shows that it is possible to take advantage of the chemical reactivity of 'nascent' iodine, formed during {beta}-decay of tellurium-132, for rapidly preparing labelled species with a high specific activity. This reactivity comes partly from the sudden change of the atomic number during the decay, which in turn releases a highly excited iodine atom, and partly from the internal conversion of the {gamma}-ray following the {beta}-emission. Iodine-132 has to be formed within the medium to be labelled: the most convenient chemical form for the parent compound is tellurium-132 tetrachloride, which is soluble in a number of organic liquids. Several systems have been studied (aromatic hydrocarbons and derivatives, alcohols, etc.)- After a few hours of contact, the organic solution is analysed by gaseous phase radiochromatography, and the separation of the various labelled species formed by radiosynthesis can be effected by distillation after addition of carriers. The labelled products may be the results of isotopic exchange or hydrogen abstraction and fragmentation reactions. Near-specific labelling can be achieved in some cases by the use of a suitable organic medium. (author) [French] La courte periode de l'iode-132 (T{sub 1/2} = 2,30h)qui justifie son interet en biologie, en medecine et comme indicateur radioactif, represente cependant un inconvenient majeur lorsqu'il s'agit de realiser la synthese de molecules marquees. On montre qu'il est possible de tirer profit de la reactivite chimique de l'iode 'naissant ' forme par la desintegration de tellure-132, en vue de preparer rapidement des molecules marquees avec une activite specifique elevee. Cette reactivite provient de l'energie d'excitation de l'iode, due a

Ion Inculetz- Political man and scientist

Science.gov (United States)

Gaina, A.; Ionescu-Pallas, N. I.

1993-06-01

It is well known, that the president of the first Moldavian Parliament in 1918 was Ion Inculetz (borne on 5 april, 1884, Rezeni vill., Lapusna county, Basarabia - died on 19 november 1940, Bucharest, regraved in Barnova, near Iasi). On 24 January 1918 this Parliament claimed the independence of Basarabia from the Russia (The Democratic Republic of Moldova). On 27 march of the same year in a solennele session the Parliament claimed "The Democratic Republic of Moldova (Basarabia) in its borders between Prut, Dniester rivers, Black Sea, and old borders with Austria, rupted by Russia more than one hundred years from the body of old Moldova, due to the historical right and due to the right of the selfdetermination of peoples, is unifying forever with She's mother Romania ". After the Unification Ion Inculetz activated as representative of Basarabia in the Romanian Parliament. He was a man of democratic views, a partisan of social-democracy in Russia, as well as in Romania after the unification. The progress of peoples was one of His main political goals. It is less known, however, that Inculetz was a remarkable physicist. This is the subject of the conference. After the finish of the secondary studies in Chisinau, He entered to Jur'ev (actually Tartu- Estonia) University Medecine Department, but after one year of studies He moved to Sankt-Petersburg Imperial University, where He specialized in physics and mathematics. After the finish of the Physical Mathematical Department he became private-docent (Associate Professor). Concomittantly He taught methematics at one of the comercial schhols in Sankt Petersburg. In the same time he was a Scientific Secretary of the journal "Nauchnoie Obozrenie" ("Scientific Review") and a researcher at the Meteorological Observatory in Sankt-Petersburg (since 1914). Since 1912 till 1917 He published a series of papers in the fields of physics and meteorology, particularly concerned to anodic rays, Krooks tubes, radiactivity, Doppler effect

Providing surgery in a war-torn context: the Médecins Sans Frontières experience in Syria.

Science.gov (United States)

Trelles, Miguel; Dominguez, Lynette; Tayler-Smith, Katie; Kisswani, Katrin; Zerboni, Alberto; Vandenborre, Thierry; Dallatomasina, Silvia; Rahmoun, Alaa; Ferir, Marie-Christine

2015-01-01

Since 2011, civil war has crippled Syria leaving much of the population without access to healthcare. Various field hospitals have been clandestinely set up to provide basic healthcare but few have been able to provide quality surgical care. In 2012, Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) began providing surgical care in the Jabal al-Akrad region of north-western Syria. Based on the MSF experience, we describe, for the period 5th September 2012 to 1st January 2014: a) the volume and profile of surgical cases, b) the volume and type of anaesthetic and surgical procedures performed, and c) the intraoperative mortality rate. A descriptive study using routinely collected MSF programme data. Quality surgical care was assured through strict adherence to the following minimum standards: adequate infrastructure, adequate water and sanitation provisions, availability of all essential disposables, drugs and equipment, strict adherence to hygiene requirements and universal precautions, mandatory use of sterile equipment for surgical and anaesthesia procedures, capability for blood transfusion and adequate human resources. During the study period, MSF operated on 578 new patients, of whom 57 % were male and median age was 25 years (Interquartile range: 21-32 years). Violent trauma was the most common surgical indication (n-254, 44 %), followed by obstetric emergencies (n-191, 33 %) and accidental trauma (n-59, 10 %). In total, 712 anaesthetic procedures were performed. General anaesthesia without intubation was the most common type of anaesthesia (47 % of all anaesthetics) followed by spinal anaesthesia (25 %). A total of 831 surgical procedures were performed, just over half being minor/wound care procedures and nearly one fifth, caesarean sections. There were four intra-operative deaths, giving an intra-operative mortality rate of 0.7 %. Surgical needs in a conflict-afflicted setting like Syria are high and include both combat and non-combat indications, particularly

External irradiation facilities open for biological studies - progress in july 2005; Les installations d'irradiation externe accessibles aux etudes de biologie etat d'avancement juillet 2005

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gaillard-Lecanu, E. [CEA Fontenay aux Roses (DSV/Carmin), 92 (France); Authier, N.; Verrey, B. [CEA Valduc, Dept. Recherche sur les Materiaux Nucleaires, 21 - Is-sur-Tille (France); Bailly, I. [CEA Bruyeres le Chatel, 91 (France). Dept. de Physique Theorique et Appliquee; Baldacchino, G.; Pin, S.; Pommeret, S.; Renault, J.Ph. [CEA Saclay, Dept. de Recherche sur Etat Condense, les Atomes et les Molecules, 91 - Gif sur Yvette (France); Bordy, J.M. [CEA Saclay, Dir. de la Recherche Technologique (DRT/DETECS/LNHB/LMD), 91 - Gif sur Yvette (France); Coffigny, H. [CEA Fontenay aux Roses, Dept. de Radiobiologie et de Radiopathologie, 92 (France); Cortela, L. [CEA Grenoble, ARC-Nucleart, 38 (France); Duval, D. [CEA Saclay, Schering - CIS bio International, 91 - Gif sur Yvette (France); Leplat, J.J. [CEA Saclay (DSV/DRR/LREG), 91 - Gif sur Yvette (France); Poncy, J.L. [CEA Fontenay aux Roses (DSV/DRR/SRCA), 92 (France); Testard, I. [CEA Caen (DSV/DRR/LRO-LARIA), 14 - Caen (France); Thuret, J.Y. [CEA Saclay (DSV/DBJC/SBGM), 91 - Gif sur Yvette (France)

2005-07-01

The Life Science Division of the Atomic Energy Commission is making an inventory of the various radiation sources accessible for investigation on the biological effects of ionizing radiation. In this field, a wide range of studies is being carried out at the Life Science Division, attempting to characterize the kind of lesions with their early biological consequences (on the various cell compartments) and their late biological consequences (deterministic or stochastic effects), in relation to the radiation type and dose, especially at low doses. Several experimental models are available: plants, bacteria, eukaryotic cells from yeast up to mammalian cells and in vivo studies, mostly on rodents, in order to characterize the somatic late effects and the hereditary effects. Due to the significant cost of these facilities, also to their specific properties (nature of the radiation, dose and dose rate, possible accuracy of the irradiation at the molecular level), the closeness is no longer the only criteria for biologists to make a choice. The current evolution is to set up irradiation infrastructures combining ionizing radiation sources themselves and specific tools dedicated to biological studies: cell or molecular biology laboratories, animal facilities. The purpose, in this new frame, is to provide biologists with the most suitable facilities, and, if possible, to change these facilities according to requirements in radiobiology. In this report, the basics of interactions of ionizing radiation with biological tissues are briefly introduced, followed by a presentation of some of the facilities available for radiobiological studies especially at CEA. This panorama is not a comprehensive one, new data will be included as they advance, whether reporting existing facilities or if a new one is developed. (authors)

Grape tannin catechin and ethanol fluidify oral membrane mimics containing moderate amounts of cholesterol: Implications on wine tasting?

Science.gov (United States)

Furlan, Aurélien L; Saad, Ahmad; Dufourc, Erick J; Géan, Julie

2016-11-01

Wine tasting results in interactions of tannin-ethanol solutions with proteins and lipids of the oral cavity. Among the various feelings perceived during tasting, astringency and bitterness most probably result in binding events with saliva proteins, lipids and receptors. In this work, we monitored the conjugated effect of the grape polyphenol catechin and ethanol on lipid membranes mimicking the different degrees of keratinization of oral cavity surfaces by varying the amount of cholesterol present in membranes. Both catechin and ethanol fluidify the membranes as evidenced by solid-state 2 H NMR of perdeuterated lipids. The effect is however depending on the cholesterol proportion and may be very important and cumulative in the absence of cholesterol or presence of 18 mol % cholesterol. For 40 mol % cholesterol, mimicking highly keratinized membranes, both ethanol and catechin can no longer affect membrane dynamics. These observations can be accounted for by phase diagrams of lipid-cholesterol mixtures and the role played by membrane defects for insertion of tannins and ethanol when several phases coexist. These findings suggest that the behavior of oral membranes in contact with wine should be different depending of their cholesterol content. Astringency and bitterness could be then affected; the former because of a potential competition between the tannin-lipid and the tannin-saliva protein interaction, and the latter because of a possible fluidity modification of membranes containing taste receptors. The lipids that have been up to now weakly considered in oenology may be become a new actor in the issue of wine tasting. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. and Société Française de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved.

Fasciola gigantica cathepsin B5 is an acidic endo- and exopeptidase of the immature and mature parasite.

Science.gov (United States)

Siricoon, Sinee; Vichasri Grams, Suksiri; Lertwongvisarn, Kittisak; Abdullohfakeeyah, Muntana; Smooker, Peter M; Grams, Rudi

2015-12-01

Cysteine proteases of the liver fluke Fasciola have been described as essential molecules in the infection process of the mammalian host. Destinct cathepsin Bs, which are already expressed in the metacercarial stage and released by the newly excysted juvenile are major actors in this process. Following infection their expression is stopped and the proteins will not be detectable any longer after the first month of development. On the contrary, the novel cathepsin B5 of Fasciola gigantica (FgCB5) described in this work was also found expressed in later juvenile stages and the mature worm. Like all previously described Fasciola family members it was located in the cecal epithelium of the parasite. Western blot analysis of adult antigen preparations detected procathepsin B5 in crude worm extract and in small amounts in the ES product. In support of these data, the sera of infected rabbits and mice were reactive with recombinant FgCB5 in Western blot and ELISA. Biochemical analysis of yeast-expressed FgCB5 revealed that it has properties of a lysosomal hydrolase optimized for activity at acid pH and that it is able to efficiently digest a broad spectrum of host proteins. Unlike previously characterized Fasciola family members FgCB5 carries a histidine doublet in the occluding loop equivalent to residues His110 and His111 of human mature cathepsin B and consequently showed substantial carboxydipeptidyl activity which depends on these two residues. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. and Société Française de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved.

Redox regulation and pro-oxidant reactions in the physiology of circadian systems.

Science.gov (United States)

Méndez, Isabel; Vázquez-Martínez, Olivia; Hernández-Muñoz, Rolando; Valente-Godínez, Héctor; Díaz-Muñoz, Mauricio

2016-05-01

Rhythms of approximately 24 h are pervasive in most organisms and are known as circadian. There is a molecular circadian clock in each cell sustained by a feedback system of interconnected "clock" genes and transcription factors. In mammals, the timing system is formed by a central pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, in coordination with a collection of peripheral oscillators. Recently, an extensive interconnection has been recognized between the molecular circadian clock and the set of biochemical pathways that underlie the bioenergetics of the cell. A principle regulator of metabolic networks is the flow of electrons between electron donors and acceptors. The concomitant reduction and oxidation (redox) reactions directly influence the balance between anabolic and catabolic processes. This review summarizes and discusses recent findings concerning the mutual and dynamic interactions between the molecular circadian clock, redox reactions, and redox signaling. The scope includes the regulatory role played by redox coenzymes (NAD(P)+/NAD(P)H, GSH/GSSG), reactive oxygen species (superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide), antioxidants (melatonin), and physiological events that modulate the redox state (feeding condition, circadian rhythms) in determining the timing capacity of the molecular circadian clock. In addition, we discuss a purely metabolic circadian clock, which is based on the redox enzymes known as peroxiredoxins and is present in mammalian red blood cells and in other biological systems. Both the timing system and the metabolic network are key to a better understanding of widespread pathological conditions such as the metabolic syndrome, obesity, and diabetes. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. and Société Française de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved.

Gaseous ligand selectivity of the H-NOX sensor protein from Shewanella oneidensis and comparison to those of other bacterial H-NOXs and soluble guanylyl cyclase.

Science.gov (United States)

Wu, Gang; Liu, Wen; Berka, Vladimir; Tsai, Ah-Lim

2017-09-01

To delineate the commonalities and differences in gaseous ligand discrimination among the heme-based sensors with Heme Nitric oxide/OXygen binding protein (H-NOX) scaffold, the binding kinetic parameters for gaseous ligands NO, CO, and O 2 , including K D , k on , and k off , of Shewanella oneidensis H-NOX (So H-NOX) were characterized in detail in this study and compared to those of previously characterized H-NOXs from Clostridium botulinum (Cb H-NOX), Nostoc sp. (Ns H-NOX), Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis (Tt H-NOX), Vibrio cholera (Vc H-NOX), and human soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), an H-NOX analogue. The K D (NO) and K D (CO) of each bacterial H-NOX or sGC follow the "sliding scale rule"; the affinities of the bacterial H-NOXs for NO and CO vary in a small range but stronger than those of sGC by at least two orders of magnitude. On the other hand, each bacterial H-NOX exhibits different characters in the stability of its 6c NO complex, reactivity with secondary NO, stability of oxyferrous heme and autoxidation to ferric heme. A facile access channel for gaseous ligands is also identified, implying that ligand access has only minimal effect on gaseous ligand selectivity of H-NOXs or sGC. This comparative study of the binding parameters of the bacterial H-NOXs and sGC provides a basis to guide future new structural and functional studies of each specific heme sensor with the H-NOX protein fold. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. and Société Française de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved.

De l’hybridation féconde

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Milagros Ezquerro

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Ce travail présente tout d’abord la démarche méthodologique et théorique qui a conduit son auteur à s’inspirer de la pensée scientifique en général, et à emprunter certaines notions au domaine de la physique, des sciences de l’information, de la biologie, etc, afin de renouveler la théorie des textes. Les notions de « complexité » et de « système complexe ouvert et auto-organisateur », l’importance et la fonction de « l’observation », la notion de « vide » sont donnés comme exemples d’une hybridation féconde entre la pensée théorique en analyse des textes et les concepts utilisés dans divers champs scientifiques.Este trabajo presenta primero el camino metodológico y teórico que llevó a su autor a inspirarse en el pensamiento científico en general, y a apropiarse de ciertas nociones de los campos de la física, de las ciencias de la información, de la biología, etc., con la finalidad de renovar la teoría del texto. Las nociones de « complejidad » y de « sistema complejo abierto y auto organizador », la importancia y la función de la « observación », la noción de « vacío » son ejemplos de una hibridación fecunda entre el pensamiento teórico en análisis textual y los conceptos utilizados en diversos campos científicos.

DNA mismatch repair proteins MLH1 and PMS2 can be imported to the nucleus by a classical nuclear import pathway.

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de Barros, Andrea C; Takeda, Agnes A S; Dreyer, Thiago R; Velazquez-Campoy, Adrian; Kobe, Boštjan; Fontes, Marcos R M

2018-03-01

MLH1 and PMS2 proteins form the MutLα heterodimer, which plays a major role in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) in humans. Mutations in MMR-related proteins are associated with cancer, especially with colon cancer. The N-terminal region of MutLα comprises the N-termini of PMS2 and MLH1 and, similarly, the C-terminal region of MutLα is composed by the C-termini of PMS2 and MLH1, and the two are connected by linker region. The nuclear localization sequences (NLSs) necessary for the nuclear transport of the two proteins are found in this linker region. However, the exact NLS sequences have been controversial, with different sequences reported, particularly for MLH1. The individual components are not imported efficiently, presumably due to their C-termini masking their NLSs. In order to gain insights into the nuclear transport of these proteins, we solved the crystal structures of importin-α bound to peptides corresponding to the supposed NLSs of MLH1 and PMS2 and performed isothermal titration calorimetry to study their binding affinities. Both putative MLH1 and PMS2 NLSs can bind to importin-α as monopartite NLSs, which is in agreement with some previous studies. However, MLH1-NLS has the highest affinity measured by a natural NLS peptide, suggesting a major role of MLH1 protein in nuclear import compared to PMS2. Finally, the role of MLH1 and PMS2 in the nuclear transport of the MutLα heterodimer is discussed. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. and Société Française de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved.

Expression and immunological cross-reactivity of LALP3, a novel astacin-like metalloprotease from brown spider (Loxosceles intermedia) venom.

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Morgon, Adriano M; Belisario-Ferrari, Matheus R; Trevisan-Silva, Dilza; Meissner, Gabriel O; Vuitika, Larissa; Marin, Brenda; Tashima, Alexandre K; Gremski, Luiza H; Gremski, Waldemiro; Senff-Ribeiro, Andrea; Veiga, Silvio S; Chaim, Olga M

2016-01-01

Loxosceles spiders' venom comprises a complex mixture of biologically active toxins, mostly consisting of low molecular mass components (2-40 kDa). Amongst, isoforms of astacin-like metalloproteases were identified through transcriptome and proteome analyses. Only LALP1 (Loxosceles Astacin-Like protease 1) has been characterized. Herein, we characterized LALP3 as a novel recombinant astacin-like metalloprotease isoform from Loxosceles intermedia venom. LALP3 cDNA was cloned in pET-SUMO vector, and its soluble heterologous expression was performed using a SUMO tag added to LALP3 to achieve solubility in Escherichia coli SHuffle T7 Express LysY cells, which express the disulfide bond isomerase DsbC. Protein purification was conducted by Ni-NTA Agarose resin and assayed for purity by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions. Immunoblotting analyses were performed with specific antibodies recognizing LALP1 and whole venom. Western blotting showed linear epitopes from recombinant LALP3 that cross-reacted with LALP1, and dot blotting revealed conformational epitopes with native venom astacins. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the recombinant expressed protein is an astacin-like metalloprotease from L. intermedia venom. Furthermore, molecular modeling of LALP3 revealed that this isoform contains the zinc binding and Met-turn motifs, forming the active site, as has been observed in astacins. These data confirmed that LALP3, which was successfully obtained by heterologous expression using a prokaryote system, is a new astacin-like metalloprotease isoform present in L. intermedia venom. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. and Société Française de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved.

Valproic acid reduces insulin-resistance, fat deposition and FOXO1-mediated gluconeogenesis in type-2 diabetic rat.

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Khan, Sabbir; Kumar, Sandeep; Jena, Gopabandhu

2016-06-01

Recent evidences highlighted the role of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in insulin-resistance, gluconeogenesis and islet function. HDACs can modulate the expression of various genes, which directly or indirectly affect glucose metabolism. This study was aimed to evaluate the role of valproic acid (VPA) on fat deposition, insulin-resistance and gluconeogenesis in type-2 diabetic rat. Diabetes was developed in Sprague-Dawley rats by the combination of high-fat diet and low dose streptozotocin. VPA at the doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg/day and metformin (positive control) 150 mg/kg twice daily for 10 weeks were administered by oral gavage. Insulin-resistance, dyslipidemia and glycemia were evaluated by biochemical estimations, while fat accumulation and structural alteration were assessed by histopathology. Protein expression and insulin signaling were evaluated by western blot and immunohistochemistry. VPA treatment significantly reduced the plasma glucose, HbA1c, insulin-resistance, fat deposition in brown adipose tissue, white adipose tissue and liver, which are comparable to metformin treatment. Further, VPA inhibited the gluconeogenesis and glucagon expression as well as restored the histopathological alterations in pancreas and liver. Our findings provide new insights on the anti-diabetic role of VPA in type-2 diabetes mellitus by the modulation of insulin signaling and forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1)-mediated gluconeogenesis. Since VPA is a well established clinical drug, the detailed molecular mechanisms of the present findings can be further investigated for possible clinical use. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. and Société Française de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved.

Molecular-level insights into aging processes of skin elastin.

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Mora Huertas, Angela C; Schmelzer, Christian E H; Hoehenwarter, Wolfgang; Heyroth, Frank; Heinz, Andrea

2016-01-01

Skin aging is characterized by different features including wrinkling, atrophy of the dermis and loss of elasticity associated with damage to the extracellular matrix protein elastin. The aim of this study was to investigate the aging process of skin elastin at the molecular level by evaluating the influence of intrinsic (chronological aging) and extrinsic factors (sun exposure) on the morphology and susceptibility of elastin towards enzymatic degradation. Elastin was isolated from biopsies derived from sun-protected or sun-exposed skin of differently aged individuals. The morphology of the elastin fibers was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Mass spectrometric analysis and label-free quantification allowed identifying differences in the cleavage patterns of the elastin samples after enzymatic digestion. Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to visualize differences between the samples and to determine the contribution of extrinsic and intrinsic aging to the proteolytic susceptibility of elastin. Moreover, the release of potentially bioactive peptides was studied. Skin aging is associated with the decomposition of elastin fibers, which is more pronounced in sun-exposed tissue. Marker peptides were identified, which showed an age-related increase or decrease in their abundances and provide insights into the progression of the aging process of elastin fibers. Strong age-related cleavage occurs in hydrophobic tropoelastin domains 18, 20, 24 and 26. Photoaging makes the N-terminal and central parts of the tropoelastin molecules more susceptible towards enzymatic cleavage and, hence, accelerates the age-related degradation of elastin. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. and Société Française de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved.

Emerging role of Hippo signalling in pancreatic biology: YAP re-expression and plausible link to islet cell apoptosis and replication.

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Sharma, Anjana; Yerra, Veera Ganesh; Kumar, Ashutosh

2017-02-01

Diabetes mellitus is an ailment that develops when the functional capacity of the pancreas does not meet the metabolic requirements of the whole body, either due to insulin insufficiency or resistance to insulin action. Current therapies that control glycaemia are limited by their unwanted effects or their inability to prevent the development of long-term complications. Regeneration and replacement of beta cell therapies are shaping the goals of future management of diabetes. The Hippo pathway, first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, plays a vital role in controlling the organ size. Nuclear recruitment of YAP/TAZ (Yes-associated protein/transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif), a mammalian analogue of Yorkie protein found in Drosophila, activates cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis. YAP was found to regulate early pancreatic development followed by downregulation during Ngn3-specific endocrine lineage maturation corresponding to their mitotic quiescence. Recent evidences have shown that optimum modulation of upstream kinases in the Hippo signalling pathway may lead to apoptosis inhibition and renewal of progenitor as well as stem cells in case of tissue or cell injury. This article reviews the evidences linking the role of various components of the Hippo pathway to pancreatic regeneration. In particular, the focus is on the beneficial role of induced YAP expression and its nuclear distribution on apoptosis and replication of adult pancreatic β islets. This approach may be of immense significance towards our fight against diabetes; thus, more insightful research is warranted in the area of Hippo signalling pathway and its involvement in pancreatic regeneration. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. and Société Française de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved.

Camelina sativa: An ideal platform for the metabolic engineering and field production of industrial lipids.

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Bansal, Sunil; Durrett, Timothy P

2016-01-01

Triacylglycerols (TAG) containing modified fatty acids with functionality beyond those found in commercially grown oil seed crops can be used as feedstocks for biofuels and bio-based materials. Over the years, advances have been made in transgenically engineering the production of various modified fatty acids in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. However, the inability to produce large quantities of transgenic seed has limited the functional testing of the modified oil. In contrast, the emerging oil seed crop Camelina sativa possesses important agronomic traits that recommend it as an ideal production platform for biofuels and industrial feedstocks. Camelina possesses low water and fertilizer requirements and is capable of yields comparable to other oil seed crops, particularly under stress conditions. Importantly, its relatively short growing season enables it to be grown as part of a double cropping system. In addition to these valuable agronomic features, Camelina is amenable to rapid metabolic engineering. The development of a simple and effective transformation method, combined with the availability of abundant transcriptomic and genomic data, has allowed the generation of transgenic Camelina lines capable of synthesizing high levels of unusual lipids. In some cases these levels have surpassed what was achieved in Arabidopsis. Further, the ability to use Camelina as a crop production system has allowed for the large scale growth of transgenic oil seed crops, enabling subsequent physical property testing. The application of new techniques such as genome editing will further increase the suitability of Camelina as an ideal platform for the production of biofuels and bio-materials. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. and Société Française de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved.

Construire une conception scientifique du vivant avec des élèves de 5-7 ans : approche didactique pour mieux comprendre les processus d’apprentissage et les enjeux développementaux

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Grancher Céline

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Cet article s’intéresse au vivant en tant qu’objet de savoir et aux phénomènes d’enseignement-apprentissage de ce concept au début de l’école primaire en France (élèves de 5-7 ans, classes de CP-CE1. Nous nous interrogeons sur les contenus à enseigner et les situations possibles à mettre en oeuvre dans les classes pour que des élèves construisent une conception scientifique du vivant. Nous délimitons d’abord le concept de vivant dans une perspective d’enseignement à de jeunes élèves. Puis nous identifions un des enjeux de l’enseignement-apprentissage du vivant : permettre aux élèves de construire un autre rapport au vivant que celui de la vie de tous les jours. Nous abordons les situations scolaires comme des processus d’acculturation scientifique scolaire. Les élèves sont en effet incités à entrer dans une culture scientifique en s’appropriant à la fois des savoirs relatifs au vivant et des pratiques de la biologie. À partir de deux séquences d’enseignement réalisées en CP puis en CE1 avec les mêmes élèves, nous repérons des indicateurs qui témoignent de la construction d’une conception scientifique du vivant par les élèves. Nous montrons également que les processus d’acculturation scientifique dans lesquels les élèves sont engagés ont des effets sur leur développement.

« Vie » et « vivant » : perspectives épistémologiques

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dell’Angelo-Sauvage Michèle

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Des idées des philosophes de la Grèce ancienne, à celles que suggèrent les avancées contemporaines de la biologie, différentes conceptions de la vie et du vivant sont proposées sans qu’un consensus ne soit obtenu. Différents auteurs ont présenté la vie comme l’affaire des philosophes, sous ses aspects politiques et sociaux, tandis que le vivant était l’affaire des biologistes préoccupés du fonctionnement des organismes (Canguilhem, 1990; Fassin, 2000; Jacob, 1970; Pichot, 2011. Mais cette distinction est actuellement rediscutée (Cherlonneix, 2013; Morange, 2013. D’autres auteurs mettent en contraste les approches réductionnistes et holistes et présentent les conséquences de ces points de vue. Dès 2006, Guespin-Michel et Stewart envisageaient un changement de paradigme inévitable face aux modifications de méthodes dans différents groupes de recherche. Nous proposons de porter un regard croisé sur les concepts de vie et de vivant dans le but d’éclaircir les fondements épistémologiques sous-jacents à un enseignement relatif au vivant : observe-t-on une influence réciproque des conceptions de « vie » et de « vivant » dans les différents courants de pensée ? Les changements épistémologiques liés aux observations faites à différentes échelles biologiques modifient-ils les réflexions philosophiques, scientifiques et sociétales ? Qu’en est-il actuellement de la distinction vie/vivant ?

Contre l’esprit.

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Bernard Andrieu

2004-04-01

Full Text Available Notre recherche consiste à retrouver, sous la partie visible des sciences cognitives, la partie invisible toujours active qui les fonde c'est-à-dire les nœuds liant à propos du cerveau-corps-esprit la médecine, la psychologie, la philosophie et la psychiatrie. Une certaine histoire philosophique de la psychologie voudrait imposer la thèse d'une indépendance de l'esprit par rapport au corps comme de la psychologie par rapport à la physiologie, la biologie, la neurologie ou encore la génétique. Pourtant l’étude des troubles neurologiques, des neuropathies du développement des cerveaux de l’enfant prématuré, des psychopathologies des affects et des lésions, dont le XIXe siècle avait constitué ces modèles, se poursuivent aujourd’hui pour maintenir l’interrogation sur la relation esprit-cerveau-corps.Our research consists in finding, beneath the visible part of cognitive sciences, the always active invisible part which founds them, that is to say the knots about the brain-body-mind linking medicine, psychology, philosophy and psychiatry together. Some philosophical history of psychology tries to impose the thesis of an independence of the mind from the body as well as of psychology from physiology, biology, neurology or genetics. Yet, the study of neurological troubles, of neuropathies of the development of the premature child's brain, of psychopathies of affects and lesions, from which the XIXth century had constituted models, is still going on today, to keep questioning about the relation mind-brain-body.

[EHEC carriage in ruminants and probiotic effects].

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Forano, Evelyne; Chaucheyras-Durand, Frédérique; Bertin, Yolande; Martin, Christine

2013-01-01

Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) are Shiga-Toxin producing E. coli (STEC) that cause human outbreaks which can lead to a severe illness such as haemolytic-uraemic syndrome (HUS), particularly in young children. The gastrointestinal tract of cattle and other ruminants is the principal reservoir of EHEC strains and outbreaks have been associated with direct contact with the farm environment, and with the consumption of meat, dairy products, water and fruit or vegetable contaminated with ruminant manure. Several outbreaks occurred these last years in France. In Brazil, although STEC carriage in ruminants is important, human cases due to EHEC are fairly rare. In order to reduce EHEC survival in the ruminant gastrointestinal tract and thus limit contamination of food products, it is necessary to determine the mechanisms underlying EHEC persistence in this ecosystem with the aim of developing nutritional or ecological strategies. The effect of probiotics has been tested in vitro on the growth and survival of EHEC strains and in vivo on the animal carriage of these strains. Various studies have then shown that lactic bacteria or non-pathogenic E. coli strains were able to limit EHEC fecal shedding. In addition, understanding EHEC physiology in the ruminant gut is also critical for limiting EHEC shedding. We found that EHEC O157:H7 is able to use ethanolamine and mucus-derived sugars as nitrogen and carbon sources, respectively. Thus, these substrates represent an ecological niche for EHEC and their utilization confers a competitive growth advantage to these pathogens as they use them more rapidly than the bacteria belonging to the resident intestinal microbiota. Understanding EHEC metabolism and ecology in the bovine intestinal tract will allow proposing probiotic strains to compete with EHEC for nutrients and thus decrease the sanitary risk. © Société de Biologie, 2014.