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Sample records for bien phong xa

  1. Expressional and Biochemical Characterization of Rice Disease Resistance Gene Xa3/Xa26 Family

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    Songjie Xu; Yinglong Cao; Xianghua Li; Shiping Wang

    2007-01-01

    The rice (Oryza sativa L.) Xa3/Xa26 gene, conferring race-specific resistance to bacterial blight disease and encoding a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) receptor kinase-like protein, belongs to a multigene family consisting of tandem clustered homologous genes, colocalizing with several uncharacterized genes for resistance to bacterial blight or fungal blast. To provide more information on the expressional and biochemical characteristics of the Xa3/Xa26 family, we analyzed the family members. Four Xa3/Xa26 family members in the indica rice variety Teqing, which carries a bacterial blight resistance gene with a chromosomal location tightly linked to Xa3/Xa26, and five Xa3/Xa26 family members in the japonica rice variety Nipponbare, which carries at least one uncharacterized blast resistance gene, were constitutively expressed in leaf tissue. The result suggests that some of the family members may be candidates of these uncharacterized resistance genes. At least five putative N-glycosylation sites in the LRR domain of XA3/XA26 protein are not glycosylated. The XA3/XA26 and its family members MRKa and MRKc all possess the consensus sequences of paired cysteines, which putatively function in dimerization of the receptor proteins for signal transduction, immediately before the first LRR and immediately after the last LRR. However, no homo-dimer between the XA3/XA26 molecules or hetero-dimer between XA3/XA26 and MRKa or MRKc were formed, indicating that XA3/XA26 protein might function either as a monomer or a hetero-dimer formed with other protein outside of the XA3/XA26 family. These results provide valuable information for further extensive investigation into this multiple protein family.

  2. Uptake of prenatal HIV testing in Hai Phong Province, Vietnam

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Nguyen, Lan; Christoffersen, Sarah Vigh; Rasch, Vibeke

    2010-01-01

    The objective of the study is to describe the uptake of prenatal HIV testing among Vietnamese women. Exit interviews were conducted among 300 women who had delivered at Hai Phong obstetrical hospital. Information about socioeconomic characteristics and HIV testing was obtained through structured ...... for HIV during prenatal care and that a relationship exists between distance to the hospital and lack of HIV testing during pregnancy.......The objective of the study is to describe the uptake of prenatal HIV testing among Vietnamese women. Exit interviews were conducted among 300 women who had delivered at Hai Phong obstetrical hospital. Information about socioeconomic characteristics and HIV testing was obtained through structured...... questionnaire interviews. It was found that 45% of the women were tested for HIV before the end of 34 weeks of gestation, 5% in 35 to 40 weeks of gestation, and 55% at labor. Low educational levels, being a farmer or worker, having a low income, and living close to the hospital were associated with being tested...

  3. Ortholog Alleles at Xa3/Xa26 Locus Confer Conserved Race-Specific Resistance against Xanthomonas oryzae in Rice

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    Hong-Jing Li; Xiang-Hua Li; Jing-Hua Xiao; Rod A. Wing; Shi-Ping Wang

    2012-01-01

    The rice disease resistance (R) gene Xa3/Xa26 (having also been named Xa3 and Xa26) against Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae (Xoo),which causes bacterial blight disease,belongs to a multiple gene family clustered in chromosome 11 and is from an AA genome rice cultivar (Oryza sativa L.).This family encodes leucine-rich repeat (LRR) receptor kinasetype proteins.Here,we show that the orthologs (alleles) of Xa3/Xa26,Xa3/Xa26-2,and Xa3/Xa26-3,from wild Oryza species O.officinalis (CC genome) and O.minuta (BBCC genome),respectively,were also R genes against Xoo.Xa3/Xa26-2 and Xa3/Xa26-3 conferred resistance to 16 of the 18 Xoo strains examined.Comparative sequence analysis of the Xa3/Xa26 families in the two wild Oryza species showed that Xa3/Xa26-3 appeared to have originated from the CC genome of O.minuta.The predicted proteins encoded by Xa3/Xa26,Xa3/Xa26-2,and Xa3/Xa26-3 share 91-99% sequence identity and 94-99% sequence similarity.Transgenic plants carrying a single copy of Xa3/Xa26,Xa3/Xa26-2,or Xa3/Xa26-3,in the same genetic background,showed a similar resistance spectrum to a set of Xoo strains,although plants carrying Xa3/Xa26-2 or Xa3/Xa26-3 showed lower resistance levels than the plants carrying Xa3/Xa26.These results suggest that the Xa3/Xa26 locus predates the speciation of A and C genome,which is approximately 7.5 million years ago.Thus,the resistance specificity of this locus has been conserved for a long time.

  4. Exploiting VM/XA

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Boeheim, C.

    1990-03-01

    The Stanford Linear Accelerator Center has recently completed a conversion to IBM's VM/XA SP Release 2 operating system. The primary physics application had been constrained by the previous 16 megabyte memory limit. Work is underway to enable this application to exploit the new features of VM/XA. This paper presents a brief tutorial on how to convert an application to exploit VM/XA and discusses some of the SLAC experiences in doing so. 13 figs

  5. Silencing of the Rice Gene LRR1 Compromises Rice Xa21 Transcript Accumulation and XA21-Mediated Immunity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Caddell, Daniel F; Park, Chang-Jin; Thomas, Nicholas C; Canlas, Patrick E; Ronald, Pamela C

    2017-12-01

    The rice immune receptor XA21 confers resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), the causal agent of bacterial leaf blight. We previously demonstrated that an auxilin-like protein, XA21 BINDING PROTEIN 21 (XB21), positively regulates resistance to Xoo. To further investigate the function of XB21, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen. We identified 22 unique XB21 interacting proteins, including LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT PROTEIN 1 (LRR1), which we selected for further analysis. Silencing of LRR1 in the XA21 genetic background (XA21-LRR1Ri) compromises resistance to Xoo compared with control XA21 plants. XA21-LRR1Ri plants have reduced Xa21 transcript levels and reduced expression of genes that serve as markers of XA21-mediated activation. Overexpression of LRR1 is insufficient to alter resistance to Xoo in rice lines lacking XA21. Taken together, our results indicate that LRR1 is required for wild-type Xa21 transcript expression and XA21-mediated immunity.

  6. Marker-aided Incorporation of Xa38, a Novel Bacterial Blight Resistance Gene, in PB1121 and Comparison of its Resistance Spectrum with xa13 + Xa21.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ellur, Ranjith K; Khanna, Apurva; S, Gopala Krishnan; Bhowmick, Prolay K; Vinod, K K; Nagarajan, M; Mondal, Kalyan K; Singh, Nagendra K; Singh, Kuldeep; Prabhu, Kumble Vinod; Singh, Ashok K

    2016-07-11

    Basmati rice is preferred internationally because of its appealing taste, mouth feel and aroma. Pusa Basmati 1121 (PB1121) is a widely grown variety known for its excellent grain and cooking quality in the international and domestic market. It contributes approximately USD 3 billion to India's forex earning annually by being the most traded variety. However, PB1121 is highly susceptible to bacterial blight (BB) disease. A novel BB resistance gene Xa38 was incorporated in PB1121 from donor parent PR114-Xa38 using a modified marker-assisted backcross breeding (MABB) scheme. Phenotypic selection prior to background selection was instrumental in identifying the novel recombinants with maximum recovery of recurrent parent phenome. The strategy was effective in delimiting the linkage drag to <0.5 mb upstream and <1.9 mb downstream of Xa38 with recurrent parent genome recovery upto 96.9% in the developed NILs. The NILs of PB1121 carrying Xa38 were compared with PB1121 NILs carrying xa13 + Xa21 (developed earlier in our lab) for their resistance to BB. Both NILs showed resistance against the Xoo races 1, 2, 3 and 6. Additionally, Xa38 also resisted Xoo race 5 to which xa13 + Xa21 was susceptible. The PB1121 NILs carrying Xa38 gene will provide effective control of BB in the Basmati growing region.

  7. Marker-aided Incorporation of Xa38, a Novel Bacterial Blight Resistance Gene, in PB1121 and Comparison of its Resistance Spectrum with xa13 + Xa21

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ellur, Ranjith K.; Khanna, Apurva; S, Gopala Krishnan.; Bhowmick, Prolay K.; Vinod, K. K.; Nagarajan, M.; Mondal, Kalyan K.; Singh, Nagendra K.; Singh, Kuldeep; Prabhu, Kumble Vinod; Singh, Ashok K.

    2016-01-01

    Basmati rice is preferred internationally because of its appealing taste, mouth feel and aroma. Pusa Basmati 1121 (PB1121) is a widely grown variety known for its excellent grain and cooking quality in the international and domestic market. It contributes approximately USD 3 billion to India’s forex earning annually by being the most traded variety. However, PB1121 is highly susceptible to bacterial blight (BB) disease. A novel BB resistance gene Xa38 was incorporated in PB1121 from donor parent PR114-Xa38 using a modified marker-assisted backcross breeding (MABB) scheme. Phenotypic selection prior to background selection was instrumental in identifying the novel recombinants with maximum recovery of recurrent parent phenome. The strategy was effective in delimiting the linkage drag to <0.5 mb upstream and <1.9 mb downstream of Xa38 with recurrent parent genome recovery upto 96.9% in the developed NILs. The NILs of PB1121 carrying Xa38 were compared with PB1121 NILs carrying xa13 + Xa21 (developed earlier in our lab) for their resistance to BB. Both NILs showed resistance against the Xoo races 1, 2, 3 and 6. Additionally, Xa38 also resisted Xoo race 5 to which xa13 + Xa21 was susceptible. The PB1121 NILs carrying Xa38 gene will provide effective control of BB in the Basmati growing region. PMID:27403778

  8. Finnish Government contribution in Haiphong Water Supply, Drainage, Sewerage and Sanitation Management Programs in Hai Phong city, Vietnam : A Case Study

    OpenAIRE

    Nguyen Hoang, Duy

    2015-01-01

    The objective of the thesis is to bring out a general point of view in the contribution of the Finnish aid of Finnish Government, targeted in the development of urban area as well as water supply and sanitation of Hai Phong city, the most Northern port city of Vietnam, which holds an important role in the economy system of Vietnam. Moreover, Hai Phong is one of three targeted cities that get Foreign Direct Investment as well as support from Finnish government for the development of local wate...

  9. Clinical Scenarios for Discordant Anti-Xa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jesus Vera-Aguilera

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Anti-Xa test measures the activity of heparin against the activity of activated coagulation factor X; significant variability of anti-Xa levels in common clinical scenarios has been observed. Objective. To review the most common clinical settings in which anti-Xa results can be bias. Evidence Review. Guidelines and current literature search: we used PubMed, Medline, Embase, and MEDION, from 2000 to October 2013. Results. Anti-Xa test is widely used; however the assay underestimates heparin concentration in the presence of significant AT deficiency, pregnancy, end stage renal disease, and postthrombolysis and in patients with hyperbilirubinemia; limited published data evaluating the safety and effectiveness of anti-Xa assays for managing UH therapy is available. Conclusions and Relevance. To our knowledge this is the first paper that summarizes the most common causes in which this assay can be affected, several “day to day” clinical scenarios can modify the outcomes, and we concur that these rarely recognized scenarios can be affected by negative outcomes in the daily practice.

  10. Colour computer-generated holography for point clouds utilizing the Phong illumination model.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Symeonidou, Athanasia; Blinder, David; Schelkens, Peter

    2018-04-16

    A technique integrating the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) is proposed to generate realistic high-quality colour computer-generated holograms (CGHs). We build on prior work, namely a fast computer-generated holography method for point clouds that handles occlusions. We extend the method by integrating the Phong illumination model so that the properties of the objects' surfaces are taken into account to achieve natural light phenomena such as reflections and shadows. Our experiments show that rendering holograms with the proposed algorithm provides realistic looking objects without any noteworthy increase to the computational cost.

  11. Des biens communs aux biens publics mondiaux

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bernard Hours

    2008-03-01

    Full Text Available La notion de « biens communs » est investie d’une portée particulière à une époque ou on utilise aussi le concept de "biens publics mondiaux" sorti tout droit des divers processus plurivoques qui constituent la globalisation aujourd’hui. Ces expressions, proches mais différentes, amènent nécessairement à s’interroger, moins sur la propriété que sur l’appropriation et ses différentes formes. Elles appellent aussi une réflexion sur la production de la valeur et la rareté. Cet article rappelle d’abord les principales approches anthropologiques sur la circulation des biens, les échanges, l’appropriation. La notion de biens communs renvoie à un âge d’or antérieur à la propriété, une sorte de paradis perdu largement mythique. On s’interroge ensuite sur la notion actuelle de biens publics mondiaux, qui vient  sublimer l’enfer de l’exploitation et de la concurrence à l’échelle globale.The notion of common good has a specific role at the present time of globalisation. The concept of global public good is also used in this context. These terms, close together but also different, bring to the questions of appropriation, production and scarcity. This article first reminds the main anthropological approaches on circulation of goods, exchanges, and appropriation. The notion of common goods makes a reference to a golden age, a lost paradise before property. Then we propose a critical analysis of global public goods which are supposed to sublimate  global exploitation and competition.

  12. Molecular screening of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) germplasm for Xa4 ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    DNA fingerprinting results indicated the presence of Xa4 gene in 41 entries, while 14 lines were positive for xa5 gene. Only one local line was carrying Xa21 gene along with Xa4. Thus, the present study will not only be helpful for rice breeders to develop new rice varieties carrying disease resistant genes, but will also ...

  13. Maximize x(a - x)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lange, L. H.

    1974-01-01

    Five different methods for determining the maximizing condition for x(a - x) are presented. Included is the ancient Greek version and a method attributed to Fermat. None of the proofs use calculus. (LS)

  14. Drug injecting and HIV risk among injecting drug users in Hai Phong, Vietnam: a qualitative analysis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ahmed, Tanvir; Long, Thanh Nguyen; Huong, Phan Thi; Stewart, Donald Edwin

    2015-01-29

    Hai Phong, located in northern Vietnam, has become a high HIV prevalence province among Injecting Drug Users (IDUs) since the infection shifted from the southern to the northern region of the country. Previous research indicates high levels of drug and sex related risk behaviour especially among younger IDUs. Our recent qualitative research provides a deeper understanding of HIV risk behaviour and highlights views and experiences of IDUs relating to drug injecting and sharing practices. Fifteen IDUs participated in semi-structured interviews conducted in September-October, 2012. Eligible participants were selected from those recruited in a larger scale behavioural research project and identified through screening questions. Interviews were conducted by two local interviewers in Vietnamese and were audiotaped. Ethical procedures, including informed consent and participants' understanding of their right to skip and withdraw, were applied. Transcripts were translated and double checked. The data were categorised and coded according to themes. Thematic analysis was conducted and a qualitative data analysis thematic framework was used. Qualitative analysis highlighted situational circumstances associated with HIV risks among IDUs in Hai Phong and revealed three primary themes: (i) places for injecting, (ii) injecting drugs in small groups, and (iii) sharing practices. Our results showed that shared use of jointly purchased drugs and group injecting were widespread among IDUs without adequate recognition of these as HIV risk behaviours. Frequent police raids generated a constant fear of arrest. As a consequence, the majority preferred either rail lines or isolated public places for injection, while some injected in their own or a friend's home. Price, a heroin crisis, and strong group norms encouraged collective preparation and group injecting. Risk practices were enhanced by a number of factors: the difficulty in getting new syringes, quick withdrawal management

  15. Field evaluation of spatial repellency of metofluthrin impregnated plastic strips against mosquitoes in Hai Phong city, Vietnam.

    OpenAIRE

    Kawada, Hitoshi; Nguyen Thi Yen; Nguen Thuy Hoa; Truong Minh Sang; Nguyen Van Dan; Takagi, Masahiro

    2005-01-01

    Spatial repellency of metofluthrin-impregnated polyethylene plastic strips against mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus, were studied in a residential area in Hai Phong city, Vietnam. Thirty houses were selected as trial sites; half of these were assigned as untreated control and the other half were assigned for treatment.Primarily, irrespective of the room size, one room was treated with one strip. The dominant species in the trial sites were Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes ...

  16. Activation of human factor V by factor Xa and thrombin

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Monkovic, D.D.; Tracy, P.B.

    1990-01-01

    The activation of human factor V by factor Xa and thrombin was studied by functional assessment of cofactor activity and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polycarylamide gel electrophoresis followed by either autoradiography of 125 I-labeled factor V activation products or Western blot analyses of unlabeled factor V activation products. Cofactor activity was measured by the ability of the factor V/Va peptides to support the activation of prothrombin. The factor Xa catalyzed cleavage of factor V was observed to be time, phospholipid, and calcium ion dependent, yielding a cofactor with activity equal to that of thrombin-activated factor V (factor Va). The cleavage pattern differed markedly from the one observed in the bovine system. The factor Xa activated factor V subunits expressing cofactor activity were isolated and found to consist of peptides of M r 220,000 and 105,000. Although thrombin cleaved the M r 220,000 peptide to yield peptides previously shown to be products of thrombin activation, cofactor activity did not increase. N-Terminal sequence analysis confirmed that both factor Xa and thrombin cleave factor V at the same bond to generate the M r 220,000 peptide. The factor Xa dependent functional assessment of 125 I-labeled factor V coupled with densitometric analyses of the cleavage products indicated that the cofactor activity of factor Xa activated factor V closely paralleled the appearance of the M r 220,000 peptide. The data indicate that factor Xa is as efficient an enzyme toward factor V as thrombin

  17. Induction of Xa10-like Genes in Rice Cultivar Nipponbare Confers Disease Resistance to Rice Bacterial Blight.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Jun; Tian, Dongsheng; Gu, Keyu; Yang, Xiaobei; Wang, Lanlan; Zeng, Xuan; Yin, Zhongchao

    2017-06-01

    Bacterial blight of rice, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, is one of the most destructive bacterial diseases throughout the major rice-growing regions in the world. The rice disease resistance (R) gene Xa10 confers race-specific disease resistance to X. oryzae pv. oryzae strains that deliver the corresponding transcription activator-like (TAL) effector AvrXa10. Upon bacterial infection, AvrXa10 binds specifically to the effector binding element in the promoter of the R gene and activates its expression. Xa10 encodes an executor R protein that triggers hypersensitive response and activates disease resistance. 'Nipponbare' rice carries two Xa10-like genes in its genome, of which one is the susceptible allele of the Xa23 gene, a Xa10-like TAL effector-dependent executor R gene isolated recently from 'CBB23' rice. However, the function of the two Xa10-like genes in disease resistance to X. oryzae pv. oryzae strains has not been investigated. Here, we designated the two Xa10-like genes as Xa10-Ni and Xa23-Ni and characterized their function for disease resistance to rice bacterial blight. Both Xa10-Ni and Xa23-Ni provided disease resistance to X. oryzae pv. oryzae strains that deliver the matching artificially designed TAL effectors (dTALE). Transgenic rice plants containing Xa10-Ni and Xa23-Ni under the Xa10 promoter provided specific disease resistance to X. oryzae pv. oryzae strains that deliver AvrXa10. Xa10-Ni and Xa23-Ni knock-out mutants abolished dTALE-dependent disease resistance to X. oryzae pv. oryzae. Heterologous expression of Xa10-Ni and Xa23-Ni in Nicotiana benthamiana triggered cell death. The 19-amino-acid residues at the N-terminal regions of XA10 or XA10-Ni are dispensable for their function in inducing cell death in N. benthamiana and the C-terminal regions of XA10, XA10-Ni, and XA23-Ni are interchangeable among each other without affecting their function. Like XA10, both XA10-Ni and XA23-Ni locate to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane

  18. XA23 is an executor R protein and confers broad-spectrum disease resistance in rice.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Chunlian; Zhang, Xiaoping; Fan, Yinglun; Gao, Ying; Zhu, Qinlong; Zheng, Chongke; Qin, Tengfei; Li, Yanqiang; Che, Jinying; Zhang, Mingwei; Yang, Bing; Liu, Yaoguang; Zhao, Kaijun

    2014-11-09

    The majority of plant disease resistance (R) genes encode proteins that share common structural features. However, the transcription activator-like effector (TALE) associated executor type R genes show no considerable sequence homology to any known R genes. We adopted a map-based cloning approach and TALE-based technology to isolate and characterize Xa23, a new executor R gene derived from the wild rice (Oryza rufipogon) that confers an extremely broad spectrum of resistance to bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Xa23 encodes a 113-amino acid protein that shares 50% identity to the known executor R protein XA10. The predicted transmembrane helices in XA23 also overlap with those of XA10. Unlike Xa10, however, Xa23 transcription is specifically activated by AvrXa23, a TALE present in all examined Xoo field isolates. Moreover, the susceptible xa23 allele has an identical open reading frame of Xa23, but differs in promoter region by lacking the TALE binding-element (EBE) for AvrXa23. XA23 can trigger strong hypersensitive response in rice, tobacco and tomato. Our results provide the first evidence that plant genomes have an executor R gene family in which members execute their function and spectrum of disease resistance by recognizing the cognate TALEs in pathogen. © The Author 2014. Published by the Molecular Plant Shanghai Editorial Office in association with Oxford University Press on behalf of CSPB and IPPE, SIBS, CAS.

  19. Theoretical calculation of shakeup intensities using Xa--SW wave functions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tse, J.S.; Loubriel, G.

    1981-01-01

    The ground and 1s core hole state molecular wave functions of CH 4 , NH 3 , H 2 O, and HF obtained from Xa--SW calculations using the touching spheres (TS) and overlapping spheres (OS) approximations are used to calculate the intensity of shakeup satellites observed in their ls core level photoelectron spectra. The sudden approximation was assumed in the calculation. In case of TS Xa--SW wave functions, the one electron overlap integral inside the intersphere was calculated via Green's theorem. For OS Xa--SW wave functions, the integration over the awkwardly shaped intersphere region was circumvented by distributing the intersphere charge into the atomic spheres according to the charge partition scheme suggested by Case and Karplus. Our results show that there are no significant differences between the shakeup energies calculated from the TS and OS approximations. However, shakeup intensities calculated from TS Xa--SW wave functions are more reliable and in better numerical agreement with experiment

  20. Factor Xa stimulates fibroblast procollagen production, proliferation, and calcium signaling via PAR1 activation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Blanc-Brude, Olivier P.; Archer, Fabienne; Leoni, Patricia; Derian, Claudia; Bolsover, Steven; Laurent, Geoffrey J.; Chambers, Rachel C.

    2005-01-01

    Fibroblast proliferation and procollagen production are central features of tissue repair and fibrosis. In addition to its role in blood clotting, the coagulation cascade proteinase thrombin can contribute to tissue repair by stimulating fibroblasts via proteolytic activation of proteinase-activated receptor-1 (PAR 1 ). During hemostasis, the coagulation cascade proteinase factor X is converted into factor Xa. We have previously shown that factor Xa upregulates fibroblast proliferation via production of autocrine PDGF. In this study, we further examined the effects of factor Xa on fibroblast function and aimed to identify its signaling receptor. We showed that factor Xa stimulates procollagen promoter activity and protein production by human and mouse fibroblasts. This effect was independent of PDGF and thrombin production, but dependent on factor Xa proteolytic activity. We also showed that PAR 1 -deficient mouse fibroblasts did not upregulate procollagen production, mobilize cytosolic calcium, or proliferate in response to factor Xa. Desensitization techniques and PAR 1 -specific agonists and inhibitors were used to demonstrate that PAR 1 mediates factor Xa signaling in human fibroblasts. This is the first report that factor Xa stimulates extracellular matrix production. In contrast with endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts appear to be the only cell type in which the effects of factor Xa are mediated mainly via PAR 1 and not PAR 2 . These findings are critical for our understanding of tissue repair and fibrotic mechanisms, and for the design of novel approaches to inhibit the profibrotic effects of the coagulation cascade without compromising blood hemostasis

  1. Andexanet Alfa for Acute Major Bleeding Associated with Factor Xa Inhibitors

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Connolly, Stuart J.; Milling, Truman J.; Eikelboom, John W.; Gibson, C. Michael; Curnutte, John T.; Gold, Alex; Bronson, Michele D.; Lu, Genmin; Conley, Pamela B.; Verhamme, Peter; Schmidt, Jeannot; Middeldorp, Saskia; Cohen, Alexander T.; Beyer-Westendorf, Jan; Albaladejo, Pierre; Lopez-Sendon, Jose; Goodman, Shelly; Leeds, Janet; Wiens, Brian L.; Siegal, Deborah M.; Zotova, Elena; Meeks, Brandi; Nakamya, Juliet; Lim, W. Ting; Crowther, Mark; Connolly, S. C.; Crowther, M.; Eikelboom, J.; Gibson, M.; Milling, T. J.; Albaladejo, P.; Cohen, A.; Lopez-Sendon, J.; Schmidt, J.; Verhamme, P.; Beyer-Westendorf, J.; Wyse, D. G.; Garcia, D.; Prins, M. [=Martin H.; Nakamya, J.; Büller, H. R.; Mahaffey, K.; Alexander, J.; Demchuk, A.; Raskob, G.; Schulman, S.; Meeks, B.; Zotova, E.; Holadyk-Gris, I.; Coppens, M.

    2016-01-01

    Background Andexanet alfa (andexanet) is a recombinant modified human factor Xa decoy protein that has been shown to reverse the inhibition of factor Xa in healthy volunteers. Methods In this multicenter, prospective, open-label, single-group study, we evaluated 67 patients who had acute major

  2. Field evaluation of spatial repellency of metofluthrin impregnated plastic strips against mosquitoes in Hai Phong City, Vietnam.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kawada, Hitoshi; Yen, Nguyen Thi; Hoa, Nguyen Thuy; Sang, Truong Minh; VAN Dan, Nguyen; Takagi, Masahiro

    2005-08-01

    Spatial repellency of metofluthrin-impregnated polyethylene plastic strips against mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus, were studied in a residential area in Hai Phong city, Vietnam. Thirty houses were selected as trial sites; half of these were assigned as untreated control and the other half were assigned for treatment. Primarily, irrespective of the room size, one room was treated with one strip. The dominant species in the trial sites were Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti. A rapid decrease in the mosquito index was observed immediately after the treatment with metofluthrin strips, and treatment was effective for at least 6 weeks.

  3. XA readout chip characteristics and CdZnTe spectral measurements

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Barbier, L.M.; Birsa, F.; Odom, J.

    1999-01-01

    The authors report on the performance of a CdZnTe (CZT) array readout by an XA (X-ray imaging chip produced at the AMS foundry) application specific readout chip (ASIC). The array was designed and fabricated at NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) as a prototype for the Burst Arc-Second Imaging and Spectroscopy gamma-ray instrument. The XA ASIC was obtained from Integrated Detector and Electronics (IDE), in Norway. Performance characteristics and spectral data for 241 Am are presented both at room temperature and at -20 C. The measured noise (σ) was 2.5 keV at 60 keV at room temperature. This paper represents a progress report on work with the XA ASIC and CZT detectors. Work is continuing and in particular, larger arrays are planned for future NASA missions

  4. The rice XA21 ectodomain fused to the Arabidopsis EFR cytoplasmic domain confers resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Thomas, Nicholas C; Oksenberg, Nir; Liu, Furong; Caddell, Daniel; Nalyvayko, Alina; Nguyen, Yen; Schwessinger, Benjamin; Ronald, Pamela C

    2018-01-01

    Rice ( Oryza sativa ) plants expressing the XA21 cell-surface receptor kinase are resistant to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) infection. We previously demonstrated that expressing a chimeric protein containing the ELONGATION FACTOR Tu RECEPTOR (EFR) ectodomain and the XA21 endodomain (EFR:XA21) in rice does not confer robust resistance to Xoo . To test if the XA21 ectodomain is required for Xoo resistance, we produced transgenic rice lines expressing a chimeric protein consisting of the XA21 ectodomain and EFR endodomain (XA21:EFR) and inoculated these lines with Xoo . We also tested if the XA21:EFR rice plants respond to a synthetic sulfated 21 amino acid derivative (RaxX21-sY) of the activator of XA21-mediated immunity, RaxX. We found that five independently transformed XA21:EFR rice lines displayed resistance to Xoo as measured by lesion length analysis, and showed that five lines share characteristic markers of the XA21 defense response (generation of reactive oxygen species and defense response gene expression) after treatment with RaxX21-sY. Our results indicate that expression of the XA21:EFR chimeric receptor in rice confers resistance to Xoo . These results suggest that the endodomain of the EFR and XA21 immune receptors are interchangeable and the XA21 ectodomain is the key determinant conferring robust resistance to Xoo .

  5. Propriété, biens publics mondiaux, bien(s commun(s : Une lecture des concepts économiques

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jérôme Ballet

    2008-03-01

    Full Text Available La notion de bien public mondial s’est développée ces dernières années. Elle renvoie à un dépassement ambigu de la notion usuelle dans la théorie économique de bien public. A cette occasion elle ouvre le débat sur l’équité en complément de l’efficience. De ce fait, la confrontation de cette nouvelle notion avec l’analyse de l’efficience des régimes de propriété s’impose. Par ailleurs, la confrontation avec la notion de bien commun, notion elle aussi en développement, éclaire l’enjeu autour de l’équité.Property, Global Public Goods, Common Good(s : A Lecture. The concept of global public good emerged these last years. It proposes, in an ambiguous way, to go beyond the usual concept of public good. Then, added to usual questions on efficiency, the debate on fairness becomes a stake. Confrontation with analysis on property rights command attention, Furthermore, confrontation with the concept of common good, also a developing concept, highlight stake around fairness.

  6. Fine mapping of the rice bacterial blight resistance gene Xa-4 and its co-segregation marker

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    2000-01-01

    An F2 population developed from the Xa-4 near isogenic lines,IR24 and IRBB4,was used for fine mapping of the rice bacterial blight resistance gene,Xa-4.Some restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers on the high-density map constructed by Harushima et al.and the amplified DNA fragments homologous to the conserved domains of plant disease resistance (R) genes were used to construct the genetic linkage map around the gene Xa-4 by scoring susceptible individuals in the population.Xa-4 was mapped between the RFLP marker G181 and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) marker M55.The R gene homologous fragment marker RS13 was found co-segregating with Xa-4 by analyzing all the plants in the population.This result opened an approach to map-based cloning of this gene,and marker RS13 can be applied to molecular marker-assisted selection of Xa-4 in rice breeding programs.

  7. How useful is determination of anti-factor Xa activity to guide bridging therapy with enoxaparin? A pilot study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hammerstingl, Christoph; Omran, Heyder; Tripp, Christian; Poetzsch, Bernd

    2009-02-01

    Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH) are commonly used as peri-procedural bridging anticoagulants. The usefulness of measurement of anti-factor Xa activity (anti-Xa) to guide bridging therapy with LMWH is unknown. It was the objective of this study to determine levels of anti-Xa during standard bridging therapy with enoxaparin, and to examine predictors for residual anti-Xa. Consecutive patients receiving enoxaparin at a dosage of 1 mg/kg body weight/12 hours for temporary interruption of phenprocoumon were prospectively enrolled to the study. Blood-samples were obtained 14 hours after LMWH-application immediately pre- procedurally. Procedural details, clinical and demographic data were collected and subsequently analyzed. Seventy patients were included (age 75.2 +/- 10.8 years, Cr Cl 55.7 +/- 21.7ml/min, body mass index [BMI] 27.1 +/- 4.9). LMWH- therapy was for a mean of 4.2 +/- 1.6 days; overall anti-Xa was 0.58 +/- 0.32 U/ml. In 37 (52.8%) of patients anti-Xa was > or U/ml, including 10 (14.3%) patients with anti-Xa > 1U/ml. Linear regression analysis of single variables and logistic multivariable regression analysis failed to prove a correlation between anti-Xa and single or combined factors. No major bleeding, no thromboembolism and four (5.7%) minor haemorrhages were observed. When bridging OAC with therapeutic doses of enoxaparin a high percentage of patients undergo interventions with high residual anti-Xa. The levels of anti-Xa vary largely and are independent of single or combined clinical variables. Since the anti-Xa-related outcome of patients receiving bridging therapy with LMWH is not investigated, no firm recommendation on the usefulness of monitoring of anti-Xa can be given at this stage.

  8. Identification of anthranilamide derivatives as potential factor Xa inhibitors: drug design, synthesis and biological evaluation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xing, Junhao; Yang, Lingyun; Li, Hui; Li, Qing; Zhao, Leilei; Wang, Xinning; Zhang, Yuan; Zhou, Muxing; Zhou, Jinpei; Zhang, Huibin

    2015-05-05

    The coagulation enzyme factor Xa (fXa) plays a crucial role in the blood coagulation cascade. In this study, three-dimensional fragment based drug design (FBDD) combined with structure-based pharmacophore (SBP) model and structural consensus docking were employed to identify novel fXa inhibitors. After a multi-stage virtual screening (VS) workflow, two hit compounds 3780 and 319 having persistent high performance were identified. Then, these two hit compounds and several analogs were synthesized and screened for in-vitro inhibition of fXa. The experimental data showed that most of the designed compounds displayed significant in vitro potency against fXa. Among them, compound 9b displayed the greatest in vitro potency against fXa with the IC50 value of 23 nM and excellent selectivity versus thrombin (IC50 = 40 μM). Moreover, the prolongation of the prothrombin time (PT) was measured for compound 9b to evaluate its in vitro anticoagulant activity. As a result, compound 9b exhibited pronounced anticoagulant activity with the 2 × PT value of 8.7 μM. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

  9. Factor Xa generation by computational modeling: an additional discriminator to thrombin generation evaluation.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kathleen E Brummel-Ziedins

    Full Text Available Factor (fXa is a critical enzyme in blood coagulation that is responsible for the initiation and propagation of thrombin generation. Previously we have shown that analysis of computationally generated thrombin profiles is a tool to investigate hemostasis in various populations. In this study, we evaluate the potential of computationally derived time courses of fXa generation as another approach for investigating thrombotic risk. Utilizing the case (n = 473 and control (n = 426 population from the Leiden Thrombophilia Study and each individual's plasma protein factor composition for fII, fV, fVII, fVIII, fIX, fX, antithrombin and tissue factor pathway inhibitor, tissue factor-initiated total active fXa generation was assessed using a mathematical model. FXa generation was evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC, the maximum rate (MaxR and level (MaxL and the time to reach these, TMaxR and TMaxL, respectively. FXa generation was analyzed in the entire populations and in defined subgroups (by sex, age, body mass index, oral contraceptive use. The maximum rates and levels of fXa generation occur over a 10- to 12- fold range in both cases and controls. This variation is larger than that observed with thrombin (3-6 fold in the same population. The greatest risk association was obtained using either MaxR or MaxL of fXa generation; with an ∼2.2 fold increased risk for individuals exceeding the 90(th percentile. This risk was similar to that of thrombin generation(MaxR OR 2.6. Grouping defined by oral contraceptive (OC use in the control population showed the biggest differences in fXa generation; a >60% increase in the MaxR upon OC use. FXa generation can distinguish between a subset of individuals characterized by overlapping thrombin generation profiles. Analysis of fXa generation is a phenotypic characteristic which may prove to be a more sensitive discriminator than thrombin generation among all individuals.

  10. Assessment of anti-factor Xa activity of heparin in binary parenteral nutrition admixtures for premature neonates.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Foinard, A; Perez, M; Barthélémy, C; Lannoy, D; Flamein, F; Storme, L; Tournoys, A; Décaudin, B; Odou, P

    2015-07-01

    An in vitro study was carried out to determine the anti-Xa activity of heparin in binary parenteral nutrition (BPN) admixtures for premature neonates in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) after a 24-hour infusion, as well as to assess drug interaction with a 50% glucose solution. Two types of bags were prepared: (1) BPN admixtures (composition defined in the NICU) including sodium heparin at 77 UI/mL and (2) bags containing only G50% with sodium heparin at 193 UI/mL. The anti-Xa activity of heparin was measured in bags at T0, after the 24-hour infusion and in eluates at the outlet of the infusion line after 24hours, using a validated chromogenic anti-Xa method. Comparisons of the mean concentration observed with the theoretical value for anti-Xa activity were performed with the Student t-test. Mean values of anti-Xa activity do not differ significantly from the values expected for all conditions. We found a slight variation in anti-Xa activity when infused over 24hours for both types of bags, with and without in-line filtration, showing that heparin remains stable during this infusion period in both BPN admixtures and G50%. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

  11. Introduction of a rice blight resistance gene, Xa21, into five Chinese rice varieties through an Agrobacterium-mediated system

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    2000-01-01

    A cloned gene, Xa21 was transferred into five widely-used Chinese rice varieties through an Agrobacterium-mediated system, and over 110 independent transgenic lines were obtained. PCR and Southern analysis of transgenic plants revealed the integration of the whole Xa21 gene into the host genomes. The integrated Xa21 gene was stably inherited, and segregated in a 3∶1 ratio in the selfed T1 generation when one copy of the gene was integrated in the transformants. Inoculation tests displayed that transgenic T0 plants and Xa21 PCR-positive T1 plants were highly resistant to bacterial blight disease. The selected Xa21 homozygous resistant transgenic lines with desirable qualities may be propagated as new varieties or utilized in hybrid rice breeding.

  12. Introduction of a rice blight resistance gene, Xa21, into five Chinese rice varieties through an Agrobacterium -mediated system

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    翟文学; 李晓兵; 田文忠; 周永力; 潘学彪; 曹守云; 赵显峰; 赵彬; 章琦; 朱立煌

    2000-01-01

    A cloned gene, Xa21 was transferred into five widely-used Chinese rice varieties through an Agrobacterium-mediated system, and over 110 independent transgenic lines were obtained. PCR and Southern analysis of transgenic plants revealed the integration of the whole Xa21 gene into the host genomes. The integrated Xa21 gene was stably inherited, and segregated in a 3 : 1 ratio in the selfed T1 generation when one copy of the gene was integrated in the transfor-mants. Inoculation tests displayed that transgenic T0 plants and Xa21 PCR-positive T1 plants were highly resistant to bacterial blight disease. The selected Xa21 homozygous resistant transgenic lines with desirable qualities may be propagated as new varieties or utilized in hybrid rice breeding.

  13. Role of Factor Xa Inhibitors in Cancer-Associated Thrombosis: Any New Data?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ali Zalpour

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available The association between cancer and venous thromboembolism (VTE has been well documented in the literature. Prevention and treatment of VTE in cancer patients is imperative. Typically, the mainstay regimen for VTE prevention and treatment has been anticoagulation therapy, unless contraindicated. This therapy consists of unfractionated heparin (UFH, low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH, factor Xa inhibitor, or vitamin K antagonist (VKA. Current guidelines recommend LMWH over VKA for the treatment of VTE in cancer patients. Factor-specific anticoagulants have been proven safe and effective, and recently factor Xa inhibitors have emerged as a treatment alternative to heparins and VKA. Currently, three factor Xa inhibitors have been identified: fondaparinux (the only one approved so far by the US Food and Drug Administration, idraparinux (in clinical trials, and idrabiotaparinux (in clinical trials. This paper will examine the role of these agents, focusing on fondaparinux, for the prevention and treatment of VTE in cancer patients.

  14. 3D/3D registration of coronary CTA and biplane XA reconstructions for improved image guidance

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dibildox, Gerardo, E-mail: g.dibildox@erasmusmc.nl; Baka, Nora; Walsum, Theo van [Biomedical Imaging Group Rotterdam, Departments of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam (Netherlands); Punt, Mark; Aben, Jean-Paul [Pie Medical Imaging, 6227 AJ Maastricht (Netherlands); Schultz, Carl [Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam (Netherlands); Niessen, Wiro [Quantitative Imaging Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands and Biomedical Imaging Group Rotterdam, Departments of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam (Netherlands)

    2014-09-15

    Purpose: The authors aim to improve image guidance during percutaneous coronary interventions of chronic total occlusions (CTO) by providing information obtained from computed tomography angiography (CTA) to the cardiac interventionist. To this end, the authors investigate a method to register a 3D CTA model to biplane reconstructions. Methods: The authors developed a method for registering preoperative coronary CTA with intraoperative biplane x-ray angiography (XA) images via 3D models of the coronary arteries. The models are extracted from the CTA and biplane XA images, and are temporally aligned based on CTA reconstruction phase and XA ECG signals. Rigid spatial alignment is achieved with a robust probabilistic point set registration approach using Gaussian mixture models (GMMs). This approach is extended by including orientation in the Gaussian mixtures and by weighting bifurcation points. The method is evaluated on retrospectively acquired coronary CTA datasets of 23 CTO patients for which biplane XA images are available. Results: The Gaussian mixture model approach achieved a median registration accuracy of 1.7 mm. The extended GMM approach including orientation was not significantly different (P > 0.1) but did improve robustness with regards to the initialization of the 3D models. Conclusions: The authors demonstrated that the GMM approach can effectively be applied to register CTA to biplane XA images for the purpose of improving image guidance in percutaneous coronary interventions.

  15. Los bienes públicos y el derecho de propiedad

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jacqueline Morand-Deviller

    2013-10-01

    Full Text Available Las reflexiones realizadas sobre los bienes públicos experimentan en la actualidad un nuevo auge debido, principalmente, a la mundialización del concepto. Ciertamente, el aumento de las preocupaciones medioambientales resalta la importancia de una nueva categoría de bienes públicos, que todavía no ha sido abordada por los juristas: los bienes públicos mundiales, noción anglosajona que proviene de la economía y engloba a los bienes de valor universal, cuya gestión debe responder a objetivos de solidaridad. En este contexto, debe señalarse que uno de los principales elementos del debate acerca de los bienes públicos medioambientales es el análisis de las amenazas de sobreexplotación y degradación que les afecta. Por ello y para abordar este fenómeno, el presente trabajo distingue dos categorías de bienes (los bienes demaniales y los bienes públicos mundiales y nacionales y examina cómo se ejerce el derecho de propiedad sobre cada una de ellas, centrándose en los tres atributos del mismo: el abusus, el asits y e\\ fructus. Reflections collected in public property are currently experiencing a renewed prominence, due mainly to the globalization of the concept. Certainly, the increasing of environmental concerns highlights the importance of a new category of public goods, which hasn’t been addressed by the jurists yet: global public goods, Anglo-Saxon notion coming from the economy and that encompasses universal value goods, whose management must meet objectives of solidarity. In this context, it should be noted that one of the main elements of debate about environmental public goods is the analysis of the threats of overexploitation and degradation that affects them. Therefore, and to address this phenomenon, this paper identifies two categories of goods (financial assets and global and national public goods and examines how to exercise the property law on each of them, focusing on its three attributes: the abusus, usus and

  16. Developing an Anti-Xa-Based Anticoagulation Protocol for Patients with Percutaneous Ventricular Assist Devices.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sieg, Adam; Mardis, B Andrew; Mardis, Caitlin R; Huber, Michelle R; New, James P; Meadows, Holly B; Cook, Jennifer L; Toole, J Matthew; Uber, Walter E

    2015-01-01

    Because of the complexities associated with anticoagulation in temporary percutaneous ventricular assist device (pVAD) recipients, a lack of standardization exists in their management. This retrospective analysis evaluates current anticoagulation practices at a single center with the aim of identifying an optimal anticoagulation strategy and protocol. Patients were divided into two cohorts based on pVAD implanted (CentriMag (Thoratec; Pleasanton, CA) / TandemHeart (CardiacAssist; Pittsburgh, PA) or Impella (Abiomed, Danvers, MA)), with each group individually analyzed for bleeding and thrombotic complications. Patients in the CentriMag/TandemHeart cohort were subdivided based on the anticoagulation monitoring strategy (activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) or antifactor Xa unfractionated heparin (anti-Xa) values). In the CentriMag/TandemHeart cohort, there were five patients with anticoagulation titrated based on anti-Xa values; one patient developed a device thrombosis and a major bleed, whereas another patient experienced major bleeding. Eight patients received an Impella pVAD. Seven total major bleeds in three patients and no thrombotic events were detected. Based on distinct differences between the devices, anti-Xa values, and outcomes, two protocols were created to guide anticoagulation adjustments. However, anticoagulation in patients who require pVAD support is complex with constantly evolving anticoagulation goals. The ideal level of anticoagulation should be individually determined using several coagulation laboratory parameters in concert with hemodynamic changes in the patient's clinical status, the device, and the device cannulation.

  17. CONTROL DE INVENTARIO DE BIENES MUEBLES EN LA GERENCIA REGIONAL DE SALUD, AREQUIPA, 2010

    OpenAIRE

    REVILLA VELA, DELFINA LUISA

    2014-01-01

    VERIFICACIÓN EN EL CONTROL DE INVENTARIOS BIENES MUEBLES VERIFICACIÓN DE LA TASACIÓN EN EL CONTROL DE INVENTARIOS BIENES MUEBLES VERIFICACIÓN DE LA CODIFICACIÓN EN EL CONTROL DE INVENTARIOS BIENES MUEBLES VERIFICACIÓN DEL ETIQUETADO EN EL CONTROL DE INVENTARIOS BIENES MUEBLES VERIFICACIÓN DE LA REGULARIZACIÓN EN EL CONTROL DE INVENTARIOS BIENES MUEBLES VERIFICACIÓN DE LA CONCILIACIÓN EN EL CONTROL DE INVENTARIOS BIENES MUEBLES APRECIACIÓN GLOBAL SOBRE EL CONTROL DE INVENTARIO DE BIENES MUEBLE...

  18. Risk Behaviors for HIV and HCV Infection Among People Who Inject Drugs in Hai Phong, Viet Nam, 2014.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Duong, Huong Thi; Jarlais, Don Des; Khuat, Oanh Hai Thi; Arasteh, Kamyar; Feelemyer, Jonathan; Khue, Pham Minh; Giang, Hoang Thi; Laureillard, Didier; Hai, Vinh Vu; Vallo, Roselyne; Michel, Laurent; Moles, Jean Pierre; Nagot, Nicolas

    2017-06-13

    We examined the potential for HIV and hepatitis C (HCV) transmission across persons who inject drugs (PWID), men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) and female commercial sex workers (CSW) PWID and the potential for sexual transmission of HIV from PWID to the general population in Hai Phong, Viet Nam. Using respondent driven and convenience sampling we recruited 603 participants in 2014. All participants used heroin; 24% used non-injected methamphetamine. HIV prevalence was 25%; HCV prevalence was 67%. HIV infection was associated with HCV prevalence and both infections were associated with length of injecting career. Reported injecting risk behaviors were low; unsafe sexual behavior was high among MSM-PWID and CSW-PWID. There is strong possibility of sexual transmission to primary partners facilitated by methamphetamine use. We would suggest future HIV prevention programs utilize multiple interventions including "treatment as prevention" to potential sexual transmission of HIV among MSM and CSW-PWID and from PWID to the general population.

  19. El deseo del bien o del bien aparente en ética a nicómaco iii.4

    OpenAIRE

    Gualdrón, Miguel

    2010-01-01

    La noción de “fin”, y el deseo de este fin, son cruciales dentro de la teoría aristotélica de la acción, en tanto sustentan no sólo la posibilidad misma de actuar, sino también la evaluación ética de la acción. El deseo de un fin en la acción es identificado en varios lugares de la obra de Aristóteles con el deseo del bien. En el capítulo 4 del libro III de la Ética a Nicómaco, Aristóteles plantea un problema en lo que concierne a este deseo, según el cual el deseo puede ser del bien en sí o ...

  20. Identification of bacterial blight resistance genes Xa4 in Pakistani ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    SERVER

    2008-03-04

    Mar 4, 2008 ... Bacterial blight (BB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae (Xoo) is a major biotic constraint in the irrigated rice belts. Genetic resistance is the most effective and economical control for bacterial blight. Molecular survey was conducted to identify the rice germplasm/lines for the presence of Xa4, a.

  1. Comparative Transcriptome Profiling of Rice Near-Isogenic Line Carrying Xa23 under Infection of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tariq, Rezwan; Wang, Chunlian; Qin, Tengfei; Xu, Feifei; Tang, Yongchao; Gao, Ying; Ji, Zhiyuan; Zhao, Kaijun

    2018-03-02

    Bacterial blight, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae ( Xoo ), is an overwhelming disease in rice-growing regions worldwide. Our previous studies revealed that the executor R gene Xa23 confers broad-spectrum disease resistance to all naturally occurring biotypes of Xoo . In this study, comparative transcriptomic profiling of two near-isogenic lines (NILs), CBB23 (harboring Xa23 ) and JG30 (without Xa23 ), before and after infection of the Xoo strain, PXO99 A , was done by RNA sequencing, to identify genes associated with the resistance. After high throughput sequencing, 1645 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between CBB23 and JG30 at different time points. Gene Ontlogy (GO) analysis categorized the DEGs into biological process, molecular function, and cellular component. KEGG analysis categorized the DEGs into different pathways, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis was the most prominent pathway, followed by biosynthesis of plant hormones, flavonoid biosynthesis, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. Further analysis led to the identification of differentially expressed transcription factors (TFs) and different kinase responsive genes in CBB23, than that in JG30. Besides TFs and kinase responsive genes, DEGs related to ethylene, jasmonic acid, and secondary metabolites were also identified in both genotypes after PXO99 A infection. The data of DEGs are a precious resource for further clarifying the network of Xa23 -mediated resistance.

  2. Oral direct thrombin inhibitors or oral factor Xa inhibitors for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Robertson, Lindsay; Kesteven, Patrick; McCaslin, James E

    2015-06-30

    Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a condition in which a clot forms in the deep veins, most commonly of the leg. It occurs in approximately 1 in 1,000 people. If left untreated, the clot can travel up to the lungs and cause a potentially life-threatening pulmonary embolism (PE). Previously, a DVT was treated with the anticoagulants heparin and vitamin K antagonists. However, two forms of novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) have been developed: oral direct thrombin inhibitors (DTI) and oral factor Xa inhibitors. The new drugs have characteristics that may be favourable over conventional treatment, including oral administration, a predictable effect, lack of frequent monitoring or re-dosing and few known drug interactions. To date, no Cochrane review has measured the effectiveness and safety of these drugs in the treatment of DVT. To assess the effectiveness of oral DTIs and oral factor Xa inhibitors for the treatment of DVT. The Cochrane Peripheral Vascular Diseases Group Trials Search Co-ordinator searched the Specialised Register (last searched January 2015) and the Cochrane Register of Studies (last searched January 2015). We searched clinical trials databases for details of ongoing or unpublished studies and the reference lists of relevant articles retrieved by electronic searches for additional citations. We included randomised controlled trials in which people with a DVT confirmed by standard imaging techniques, were allocated to receive an oral DTI or an oral factor Xa inhibitor for the treatment of DVT. Two review authors (LR, JM) independently extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias in the trials. Any disagreements were resolved by discussion with the third review author (PK). We performed meta-analyses when we considered heterogeneity low. The two primary outcomes were recurrent VTE and PE. Other outcomes included all-cause mortality and major bleeding. We calculated all outcomes using an odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). We included

  3. L2₁ and XA Ordering Competition in Hafnium-Based Full-Heusler Alloys Hf₂VZ (Z = Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Xiaotian; Cheng, Zhenxiang; Wang, Wenhong

    2017-10-20

    For theoretical designing of full-Heusler based spintroinc materials, people have long believed in the so-called Site Preference Rule (SPR). Very recently, according to the SPR, there are several studies on XA-type Hafnium-based Heusler alloys X₂YZ, i.e., Hf₂VAl, Hf₂CoZ (Z = Ga, In) and Hf₂CrZ (Z = Al, Ga, In). In this work, a series of Hf₂-based Heusler alloys, Hf₂VZ (Z = Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb), were selected as targets to study the site preferences of their atoms by first-principle calculations. It has been found that all of them are likely to exhibit the L2₁-type structure instead of the XA one. Furthermore, we reveal that the high values of spin-polarization of XA-type Hf₂VZ (Z = Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) alloys have dropped dramatically when they form the L2₁-type structure. Also, we prove that the electronic, magnetic, and physics nature of these alloys are quite different, depending on the L2₁-type or XA-type structures.

  4. Marker-Assisted Selection of Xa21 Conferring Resistance to Bacterial Leaf Blight in indica Rice Cultivar LT2

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    Hue Thi NGUYEN; Trung Nguyen DINH; Nakano TOSHITSUGU; Liet Van VU; Quang Hong VU; Tan Van MAI; Thu Thi NGUYEN; Lam Duc VU; Tung Thanh NGUYEN; Long Viet NGUYEN; Hien Thu Thi VU; Hue Thi NONG

    2018-01-01

    Bacterial leaf blight of rice (BLB), caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, is one of the most destructive diseases in Asian rice fields. A high-quality rice variety, LT2, was used as the recipient parent. IRBB21, which carries the Xa21 gene, was used as the donor parent. The resistance gene Xa21 was introduced into LT2 by marker-assisted backcrossing. Three Xoo races were used to inoculate the improved lines following the clipping method. Eleven BC3F3lines carrying Xa21 were obtained based on molecular markers and agronomic performance. The 11 lines were then inoculated with the three Xoo races. All the 11 improved lines showed better resistance to BLB than the recipient parent LT2. Based on the level of resistance to BLB and their agronomic performance, five lines (BC3F35.1.5.1, BC3F35.1.5.12, BC3F38.5.6.44, BC3F3 9.5.4.1 and BC3F39.5.4.23) were selected as the most promising for commercial release. These improved lines could contribute to rice production in terms of food security.

  5. Bien-être animal en élevage de poulets de chair

    OpenAIRE

    Arnould, Cécile; Leterrier, Christine

    2007-01-01

    L’élevage des poulets de chair s’est intensifié ces dernières décennies et de nombreux problèmes de bien-être animal sont apparus, en particulier chez les poulets standards et les reproducteurs à l’origine de ces croisements. Les poulets standards ont un niveau d’activité très faible et ils sont notamment atteints de troubles locomoteurs, de lésions cutanées et de pathologies cardio-vasculaires. Des solutions à ces altérations du bien-être peuvent être apportées en contrôlant des facteurs lié...

  6. TRASMISIÓN DE BIENES Y REGISTRO DE LA PROPIEDAD EN ESPAÑA (SEGUNDA PARTE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Joaquín Sánchez Cebrián

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available La circulación de los bienes en el tráfico jurídico por la voluntad de los particulares es un tema crucial que interesa, no sólo a las partes del contrato, sino, a todos en general, y, en particular, a los acreedores del transmitente o del adquirente y a los terceros adquirentes de derechos sobre el bien. En este trabajo se analizará el régimen de trasmisión de los bienes por negocio inter vivos en el Derecho español, dentro del marco europeo, y con particular referencia a la trasmisión inmobiliaria. España adopta un peculiar sistema de trasmisión de los bienes porque se establecen reglas genéricas cuya aplicación se da con independencia de la naturaleza mueble o inmueble del bien; pero a su lado se superponen otras que tratan de fijar los efectos de la publicidad registral inmobiliaria. La coordinación entre dichas reglas produce un original resultado, que puede constituir el punto de encuentro de los diversos sistemas registrales europeos.

  7. Marker-Assisted Selection of Xa21 Conferring Resistance to Bacterial Leaf Blight in indica Rice Cultivar LT2

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hue Thi Nguyen

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available Bacterial leaf blight of rice (BLB, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, is one of the most destructive diseases in Asian rice fields. A high-quality rice variety, LT2, was used as the recipient parent. IRBB21, which carries the Xa21 gene, was used as the donor parent. The resistance gene Xa21 was introduced into LT2 by marker-assisted backcrossing. Three Xoo races were used to inoculate the improved lines following the clipping method. Eleven BC3F3 lines carrying Xa21 were obtained based on molecular markers and agronomic performance. The 11 lines were then inoculated with the three Xoo races. All the 11 improved lines showed better resistance to BLB than the recipient parent LT2. Based on the level of resistance to BLB and their agronomic performance, five lines (BC3F3 5.1.5.1, BC3F3 5.1.5.12, BC3F3 8.5.6.44, BC3F3 9.5.4.1 and BC3F3 9.5.4.23 were selected as the most promising for commercial release. These improved lines could contribute to rice production in terms of food security.

  8. Le bien commun : pour l’égalité et la liberté

    OpenAIRE

    David, Françoise

    2015-01-01

    Dans ce texte, l’auteure dresse un portrait de la position de D’abord solidaires, collectif de lutte contre la montée d’idées de droite, en ce qui concerne la question du bien commun. Françoise David dénonce l’idée du bien commun que peuvent se faire nos élites politiques en démontrant les dangers qui guettent les sociétés qui négligent de prendre en considération les conséquences à long terme des actions de celles-là. Pour D’abord solidaires, le bien commun en appelle plutôt à l’idée d’une c...

  9. RNA-Seq analysis reveals insight into enhanced rice Xa7-mediated bacterial blight resistance at high temperature.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Stephen P Cohen

    Full Text Available Plant disease is a major challenge to agriculture worldwide, and it is exacerbated by abiotic environmental factors. During some plant-pathogen interactions, heat stress allows pathogens to overcome host resistance, a phenomenon which could severely impact crop productivity considering the global warming trends associated with climate change. Despite the importance of this phenomenon, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. To better understand host plant responses during simultaneous heat and pathogen stress, we conducted a transcriptomics experiment for rice plants (cultivar IRBB61 containing Xa7, a bacterial blight disease resistance (R gene, that were infected with Xanthomonas oryzae, the bacterial blight pathogen of rice, during high temperature stress. Xa7-mediated resistance is unusual relative to resistance mediated by other R genes in that it functions better at high temperatures. Using RNA-Seq technology, we identified 8,499 differentially expressed genes as temperature responsive in rice cultivar IRBB61 experiencing susceptible and resistant interactions across three time points. Notably, genes in the plant hormone abscisic acid biosynthesis and response pathways were up-regulated by high temperature in both mock-treated plants and plants experiencing a susceptible interaction and were suppressed by high temperature in plants exhibiting Xa7-mediated resistance. Genes responsive to salicylic acid, an important plant hormone for disease resistance, were down-regulated by high temperature during both the susceptible and resistant interactions, suggesting that enhanced Xa7-mediated resistance at high temperature is not dependent on salicylic acid signaling. A DNA sequence motif similar to known abscisic acid-responsive cis-regulatory elements was identified in the promoter region upstream of genes up-regulated in susceptible but down-regulated in resistant interactions. The results of our study suggest that the plant

  10. El sumo bien kantiano: el objeto construído de la ley moral

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alonso Villarán

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente artículo tiene tres objetivos: a. compilar las críticas planteadas en contra del sumo bien kantiano (un mundo donde la virtud es premiada con felicidad; b. elaborar una revisión crítica de las respectivas defensas; y c. desarrollar una nueva defensa, con énfasis en el problema de derivación (según el cual el sumo bien no se deriva de la ley moral. Respecto al primero punto, el artículo muestra que son al menos cinco los problemas que amenazan la doctrina: heteronomía, derivación, imposibilidad, irrelevancia y dualismo. Respecto al segundo, el artículo revela que las múltiples defensas elaboradas en nombre del sumo bien son fuente, a su vez, de otros problemas, como los de incompletitud, ilusión, injusticia, deslealtad y escisión. Respecto al tercer y principal punto, y empezando por la derivación, el artículo propone ver al sumo bien como el objeto construido de la ley moral. Resuelto el problema de derivación, el artículo ofrece breves respuestas a los otros problemas en juego. El artículo también traduce por primera vez, del inglés al español, fragmentos de importantes publicaciones sobre el sumo bien.

  11. Santé et biens communs : un regard de juriste.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Isabelle Moine-Dupuis

    2010-11-01

    Full Text Available La santé constitue un domaine dans lequel les notions de bien commun ou de bien public mondial sont particulièrement pertinentes. Il faut cependant préciser de quels biens il est question. A titre d’exemple, le droit français comporte des notions susceptibles de qualifier le droit aux soins (comme droit inaliénable, ou le médicament, objet de propriété intellectuelle comme de propriété « traditionnelle ». Un droit international des biens de santé peut de la même manière être fondé sur un droit d’usage de chacun sur la molécule qui est la même dans le médicament générique et celui de marque. Une procédure d’accès équivalent aux produits, brevetés ou non, pourrait être mise en œuvre par principe dès la découverte, afin de parvenir rapidement à des prix équitables.Health is a field particularly suitable for notions as commons or public goods. It is necessary however to know which goods may be concerned. For instance, French lawyers use concepts which can be used in order to qualify right to care (as an inalienable right, or medicine as an object of intellectual property as well as “traditional” one. An international law for health goods could be also based on a right of use for each person on the molecule which is the same in the generic drug or in the patented one. A process of “equivalent access” to licensed or free products could be initiated, from the discovery itself to the use, in order to obtain rapidly fair prices.

  12. Factors Influencing Blood Cadmium and Mercury Concentrations in Residents of Agro-Industries along Nam Phong River, Thailand

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wannanapa Srathonghon

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available This cross-sectional analytical study aimed to determine the blood levels of cadmium (B-Cd and mercury (B-Hg and identify the factors influencing heavy metal accumulation in residents of Agro-Industries along the Nam Phong River. Quantitative data were collected, and systematic random sampling was used to obtain 420 samples for questionnaire interview and serum heavy metal testing for B-Cd and B-Hg. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify factors influencing the accumulation of heavy metals in the population and report mean differences, 95% confidence intervals and p-values. The results indicated that B-Cd levels were within the recommended safety limits for human health (5 µg/dL. However, 4.29% of respondents had Hg levels higher than the recommended safety limits for human health (10 µg/dL. Factors influencing Cd levels included sex (mean difference=0.13 µg/L, 95% CI: 0.03-0.24, p-value=0.02 and smoking (mean difference=0.14 µg/L, 95% CI: 0.09-0.19, p-value<0.001. Factors influencing Hg levels included smoking (mean difference=1.06 µg/L, 95% CI: 0.52-1.61, p-value<0.001, fish consumption (mean difference=1.11 µg/L, 95% CI: 0.22-2.01, p-value=0.01 and river snail consumption (mean difference=0.56 µg/L, 95% CI: 0.03-0.19, p-value=0.03.

  13. Oral direct thrombin inhibitors or oral factor Xa inhibitors for the treatment of pulmonary embolism.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Robertson, Lindsay; Kesteven, Patrick; McCaslin, James E

    2015-12-04

    Pulmonary embolism is a potentially life-threatening condition in which a clot can travel from the deep veins, most commonly in the leg, up to the lungs. Previously, a pulmonary embolism was treated with the anticoagulants heparin and vitamin K antagonists. Recently, however, two forms of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have been developed: oral direct thrombin inhibitors (DTI) and oral factor Xa inhibitors. The new drugs have characteristics that may be favourable over conventional treatment, including oral administration, a predictable effect, lack of frequent monitoring or re-dosing and few known drug interactions. To date, no Cochrane review has measured the effectiveness and safety of these drugs in the long-term treatment (minimum duration of three months) of pulmonary embolism. To assess the effectiveness of oral DTIs and oral factor Xa inhibitors for the long-term treatment of pulmonary embolism. The Cochrane Vascular Trials Search Co-ordinator searched the Specialised Register (last searched January 2015) and the Cochrane Register of Studies (last searched January 2015). Clinical trials databases were also searched for details of ongoing or unpublished studies. We searched the reference lists of relevant articles retrieved by electronic searches for additional citations. We included randomised controlled trials in which patients with a pulmonary embolism confirmed by standard imaging techniques were allocated to receive an oral DTI or an oral factor Xa inhibitor for the long-term (minimum duration three months) treatment of pulmonary embolism. Two review authors (LR, JM) independently extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias in the trials. Any disagreements were resolved by discussion with the third author (PK). We used meta-analyses when we considered heterogeneity low. The two primary outcomes were recurrent venous thromboembolism and pulmonary embolism. Other outcomes included all-cause mortality and major bleeding. We calculated all outcomes

  14. Transgenic expression of the rice Xa21 pattern-recognition receptor in banana (Musa sp.) confers resistance to Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tripathi, Jaindra N; Lorenzen, Jim; Bahar, Ofir; Ronald, Pamela; Tripathi, Leena

    2014-08-01

    Banana Xanthomonas wilt (BXW), caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum (Xcm), is the most devastating disease of banana in east and central Africa. The spread of BXW threatens the livelihood of millions of African farmers who depend on banana for food security and income. There are no commercial chemicals, biocontrol agents or resistant cultivars available to control BXW. Here, we take advantage of the robust resistance conferred by the rice pattern-recognition receptor (PRR), XA21, to the rice pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). We identified a set of genes required for activation of Xa21-mediated immunity (rax) that were conserved in both Xoo and Xcm. Based on the conservation, we hypothesized that intergeneric transfer of Xa21 would confer resistance to Xcm. We evaluated 25 transgenic lines of the banana cultivar 'Gonja manjaya' (AAB) using a rapid bioassay and 12 transgenic lines in the glasshouse for resistance against Xcm. About 50% of the transgenic lines showed complete resistance to Xcm in both assays. In contrast, all of the nontransgenic control plants showed severe symptoms that progressed to complete wilting. These results indicate that the constitutive expression of the rice Xa21 gene in banana results in enhanced resistance against Xcm. Furthermore, this work demonstrates the feasibility of PRR gene transfer between monocotyledonous species and provides a valuable new tool for controlling the BXW pandemic of banana, a staple food for 100 million people in east Africa. © 2014 Society for Experimental Biology, Association of Applied Biologists and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  15. 78 FR 24677 - Safety Zone; XA The Experimental Agency Fireworks, Pier 34, East River, NY

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-04-26

    ... Final Rule This rule establishes a temporary safety zone on the navigable waters of the East River, in... Fireworks, Pier 34, East River, NY. (a) Regulated Area. The following area is a temporary safety zone: all... 1625-AA00 Safety Zone; XA The Experimental Agency Fireworks, Pier 34, East River, NY AGENCY: Coast...

  16. Valoración económica de bienes ambientales.

    OpenAIRE

    Orrego Suaza, Sergio Alonso; Cerda Urrutia, Arcadio; Vásquez Lavín, Felipe

    2011-01-01

    El trabajo describe los distintos métodos de valoración económica de bienes ambientales y su utilización en estudios de impacto sobre el entorno para obtener estimaciones monetarias de los efectos negativos sobre la calidad ambiental de recursos naturales específicos.

  17. Externalidades regionales y la provisión de bienes públicos en un sistema descentralizado de gobiernos subnacionales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Raúl Alberto Ponce Rodríguez

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo se desarrolla un modelo electoral de votos probabilísticos para racionalizar la provisión de bienes públicos locales en un sistema descentralizado de gobiernos locales autónomos. En nuestra economía, la heterogeneidad de preferencias por bienes públicos conlleva a un problema de elección social que es resuelto mediante una elección estatal. El modelo teórico sugiere una serie de proposiciones sobre los determinantes del gasto público que pueden ser verificadas empíricamente. En particular, el modelo sugiere que si los bienes públicos no muestran externalidades regionales, el gasto del gobierno es explicado por la distribución del ingreso y la población en la entidad. Si los bienes públicos muestran externalidades regionales, la distribución del ingreso y el costo de los bienes públicos a lo largo de la economía (y no sólo de la entidad determinan el gasto público estatal. El modelo también permite identificaralgunas configuraciones del ingreso en la economía que pueden llevar a asimetrías en la oferta de bienes públicos que resultan de una reducción en el promedio del costo per cápita de los bienes públicos.

  18. A ΩXaV motif in the Rift Valley fever virus NSs protein is essential for degrading p62, forming nuclear filaments and virulence.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cyr, Normand; de la Fuente, Cynthia; Lecoq, Lauriane; Guendel, Irene; Chabot, Philippe R; Kehn-Hall, Kylene; Omichinski, James G

    2015-05-12

    Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a single-stranded RNA virus capable of inducing fatal hemorrhagic fever in humans. A key component of RVFV virulence is its ability to form nuclear filaments through interactions between the viral nonstructural protein NSs and the host general transcription factor TFIIH. Here, we identify an interaction between a ΩXaV motif in NSs and the p62 subunit of TFIIH. This motif in NSs is similar to ΩXaV motifs found in nucleotide excision repair (NER) factors and transcription factors known to interact with p62. Structural and biophysical studies demonstrate that NSs binds to p62 in a similar manner as these other factors. Functional studies in RVFV-infected cells show that the ΩXaV motif is required for both nuclear filament formation and degradation of p62. Consistent with the fact that the RVFV can be distinguished from other Bunyaviridae-family viruses due to its ability to form nuclear filaments in infected cells, the motif is absent in the NSs proteins of other Bunyaviridae-family viruses. Taken together, our studies demonstrate that p62 binding to NSs through the ΩXaV motif is essential for degrading p62, forming nuclear filaments and enhancing RVFV virulence. In addition, these results show how the RVFV incorporates a simple motif into the NSs protein that enables it to functionally mimic host cell proteins that bind the p62 subunit of TFIIH.

  19. FacturaBien : Sistema de gestión de facturación y contabilidad

    OpenAIRE

    García Núñez, Marcos

    2015-01-01

    El presente documento describe en detalle el proyecto de desarrollo de una aplicación web de gestión, llamada 'FacturaBien'. Esta aplicación permite realizar todas las tareas asociadas a la gestión administrativa de la actividad empresarial de una manera eficiente y cómoda, automatizando un gran número de tareas. Aquest document descriu en detall el projecte de desenvolupament d'una aplicació web de gestió, anomenada 'FacturaBien'. Aquesta aplicació permet realitzar totes les tasques assoc...

  20. XaNSoNS: GPU-accelerated simulator of diffraction patterns of nanoparticles

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    V.S. Neverov

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available XaNSoNS is an open source software with GPU support, which simulates X-ray and neutron 1D (or 2D diffraction patterns and pair-distribution functions (PDF for amorphous or crystalline nanoparticles (up to ∼107 atoms of heterogeneous structural content. Among the multiple parameters of the structure the user may specify atomic displacements, site occupancies, molecular displacements and molecular rotations. The software uses general equations nonspecific to crystalline structures to calculate the scattering intensity. It supports four major standards of parallel computing: MPI, OpenMP, Nvidia CUDA and OpenCL, enabling it to run on various architectures, from CPU-based HPCs to consumer-level GPUs.

  1. XaNSoNS: GPU-accelerated simulator of diffraction patterns of nanoparticles

    Science.gov (United States)

    Neverov, V. S.

    XaNSoNS is an open source software with GPU support, which simulates X-ray and neutron 1D (or 2D) diffraction patterns and pair-distribution functions (PDF) for amorphous or crystalline nanoparticles (up to ∼107 atoms) of heterogeneous structural content. Among the multiple parameters of the structure the user may specify atomic displacements, site occupancies, molecular displacements and molecular rotations. The software uses general equations nonspecific to crystalline structures to calculate the scattering intensity. It supports four major standards of parallel computing: MPI, OpenMP, Nvidia CUDA and OpenCL, enabling it to run on various architectures, from CPU-based HPCs to consumer-level GPUs.

  2. Analysis of nucleotide diversity among alleles of the major bacterial blight resistance gene Xa27 in cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa) and its wild relatives.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bimolata, Waikhom; Kumar, Anirudh; Sundaram, Raman Meenakshi; Laha, Gouri Shankar; Qureshi, Insaf Ahmed; Reddy, Gajjala Ashok; Ghazi, Irfan Ahmad

    2013-08-01

    Xa27 is one of the important R-genes, effective against bacterial blight disease of rice caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Using natural population of Oryza, we analyzed the sequence variation in the functionally important domains of Xa27 across the Oryza species. DNA sequences of Xa27 alleles from 27 rice accessions revealed higher nucleotide diversity among the reported R-genes of rice. Sequence polymorphism analysis revealed synonymous and non-synonymous mutations in addition to a number of InDels in non-coding regions of the gene. High sequence variation was observed in the promoter region including the 5'UTR with 'π' value 0.00916 and 'θ w ' = 0.01785. Comparative analysis of the identified Xa27 alleles with that of IRBB27 and IR24 indicated the operation of both positive selection (Ka/Ks > 1) and neutral selection (Ka/Ks ≈ 0). The genetic distances of alleles of the gene from Oryza nivara were nearer to IRBB27 as compared to IR24. We also found the presence of conserved and null UPT (upregulated by transcriptional activator) box in the isolated alleles. Considerable amino acid polymorphism was localized in the trans-membrane domain for which the functional significance is yet to be elucidated. However, the absence of functional UPT box in all the alleles except IRBB27 suggests the maintenance of single resistant allele throughout the natural population.

  3. Daboxin P, a Major Phospholipase A2 Enzyme from the Indian Daboia russelii russelii Venom Targets Factor X and Factor Xa for Its Anticoagulant Activity.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maitreyee Sharma

    Full Text Available In the present study a major protein has been purified from the venom of Indian Daboia russelii russelii using gel filtration, ion exchange and Rp-HPLC techniques. The purified protein, named daboxin P accounts for ~24% of the total protein of the crude venom and has a molecular mass of 13.597 kDa. It exhibits strong anticoagulant and phospholipase A2 activity but is devoid of any cytotoxic effect on the tested normal or cancerous cell lines. Its primary structure was deduced by N-terminal sequencing and chemical cleavage using Edman degradation and tandem mass spectrometry. It is composed of 121 amino acids with 14 cysteine residues and catalytically active His48 -Asp49 pair. The secondary structure of daboxin P constitutes 42.73% of α-helix and 12.36% of β-sheet. It is found to be stable at acidic (pH 3.0 and neutral pH (pH 7.0 and has a Tm value of 71.59 ± 0.46°C. Daboxin P exhibits anticoagulant effect under in-vitro and in-vivo conditions. It does not inhibit the catalytic activity of the serine proteases but inhibits the activation of factor X to factor Xa by the tenase complexes both in the presence and absence of phospholipids. It also inhibits the tenase complexes when active site residue (His48 was alkylated suggesting its non-enzymatic mode of anticoagulant activity. Moreover, it also inhibits prothrombinase complex when pre-incubated with factor Xa prior to factor Va addition. Fluorescence emission spectroscopy and affinity chromatography suggest the probable interaction of daboxin P with factor X and factor Xa. Molecular docking analysis reveals the interaction of the Ca+2 binding loop; helix C; anticoagulant region and C-terminal region of daboxin P with the heavy chain of factor Xa. This is the first report of a phospholipase A2 enzyme from Indian viper venom which targets both factor X and factor Xa for its anticoagulant activity.

  4. Identification of potent orally active factor Xa inhibitors based on conjugation strategy and application of predictable fragment recommender system.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ishihara, Tsukasa; Koga, Yuji; Iwatsuki, Yoshiyuki; Hirayama, Fukushi

    2015-01-15

    Anticoagulant agents have emerged as a promising class of therapeutic drugs for the treatment and prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. We investigated a series of novel orally active factor Xa inhibitors designed using our previously reported conjugation strategy to boost oral anticoagulant effect. Structural optimization of anthranilamide derivative 3 as a lead compound with installation of phenolic hydroxyl group and extensive exploration of the P1 binding element led to the identification of 5-chloro-N-(5-chloro-2-pyridyl)-3-hydroxy-2-{[4-(4-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl)benzoyl]amino}benzamide (33, AS1468240) as a potent factor Xa inhibitor with significant oral anticoagulant activity. We also reported a newly developed Free-Wilson-like fragment recommender system based on the integration of R-group decomposition with collaborative filtering for the structural optimization process. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  5. First Steps in the Direction of Synthetic, Allosteric, Direct Inhibitors of Thrombin and Factor Xa

    OpenAIRE

    Verghese, Jenson; Liang, Aiye; Sidhu, Preet Pal Singh; Hindle, Michael; Zhou, Qibing; Desai, Umesh R.

    2009-01-01

    Designing non-saccharide functional mimics of heparin is a major challenge. In this work, a library of small, aromatic molecules based on the sulfated DHP scaffold was synthesized and screened against thrombin and factor Xa. The results reveal that i) selected monomeric benzofuran derivatives inhibit the two enzymes, albeit weakly; ii) the two enzymes recognize different structural features in the benzofurans studied suggesting significant selectivity of recognition; and iii) the mechanism of...

  6. LA TEORÍA GENERAL DE LA TRASMISIÓN DE BIENES Y EL REGISTRO DE LA PROPIEDAD EN ESPAÑA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Joaquín Sánchez Cebrián

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available La circulación de los bienes en el tráfico jurídico por la voluntad de los particulares es un tema crucial que interesa, no sólo a las partes del contrato, sino a todos en general, y en particular, a los acreedores del transmitente o del adquirente y a los terceros adquirentes de derechos sobre el bien. En este trabajo se analizará el régimen de trasmisión de los bienes por negocio inter vivos en el Derecho español, dentro del marco europeo, y con particular referencia a la trasmisión inmobiliaria. España adopta un peculiar sistema de trasmisión de lo bienes, porque se establecen reglas genéricas aplicables con independencia de la naturaleza mueble o inmueble del bien; y junto a ellas, se superponen otras que tratan de fijar los efectos de la publicidad registral inmobiliaria. La coordinación entre dichas reglas produce un original resultado, que puede constituir el punto de encuentro de los diversos sistemas registrales europeos.

  7. Industrias de bienes de consumo buscan el éxito

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Ernesto Ramírez

    1987-04-01

    Full Text Available Requerimientos críticos para el éxito competitivo de las empresas, cuando se desarrolla su sistema de negocios: El caso de industrias seleccionadas de bienes de consumo en Colombia. Joseph Ganitsky Brandwayn. (Tesis de doctorado, Harvard University, School of Business Administration, 1974 University Microfilm International. Ann Arbor (Michigan. 1983, 317 páginas; 28 cuadros, 4 apéndices. (Disponible en la Biblioteca Luis Angel Arango.

  8. Ética empresarial, responsabilidad social y bienes comunicativos

    OpenAIRE

    Calvo, Patrici

    2014-01-01

    Desde su irrupción en el panorama económico, la responsabilidad social se ha conceptualizado de muy distintas formas. Algunas relacionadas con la filantropía, el mecenazgo, la estrategia o el marketing empresarial. Este estudio pretende mostrar que la empresa necesita gestionar debidamente aquellos bienes comunicativos que, como la confianza, la reputación o la reciprocidad, están implicados en el correcto desarrollo de su actividad y, por consiguiente, en la maximización del beneficio económ...

  9. Atributos característicos de las marcas de bienes de lujo Atributos característicos de las marcas de bienes de lujo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Mario Uribe Saldarriaga

    2006-06-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo presenta una síntesis de la investigación desarrollada por el autor como trabajode grado en el Magíster en Ciencias de la Administración de la Universidad EAFIT. La investigación se centra en la identificación y comprensión de los atributos que caracterizan a las marcas de bienes reconocidas como de lujo, mediante la aplicación de la metodología de investigación denominada análisis de contenido, a una muestra de conveniencia de sitios web de dichas marcas. La investigación se circunscribe al ámbito de estudio del mercadeo y utiliza sus diferentes conceptos para determinar tanto el marco de referencia como la caracterizaciónde los atributos de las marcas de bienes de lujo.This article is a synthesis of the research study conducted by the author as a requirement for the MSc in Management at EAFIT University. The objective in this research is to identify and understand the attributes that characterize brands, acknowledged as luxury goods. The content analysis was chosen as the research method for studying a convenience sample of luxury brand sites on the Internet.  This research study is developed in the marketing field, and its different concepts were adopted as the reference framework.

  10. El CIESPAL cambió para bien mi visión profesional

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Carlos Peña Gutiérrez

    2010-09-01

    Full Text Available El autor es un becario del CIESPAL (1989 quien da cuenta pormenorizada de la extraordinaria experiencia que obtuvo en el Curso Taller sobre "Producción de Programas Informativos para la radio", cambiando para bien la visión profesional que le dio grandes satisfacciones en su natal Bolivia.

  11. Assessment of anti-factor Xa activity of enoxaparin for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in morbidly obese surgical patients

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nouf Al Otaib

    2017-01-01

    Conclusions: Weight-based enoxaparin dose led to the anticipated peak anti-Xa levels (0.2–0.6 IU/mL in most of the morbidly obese study patients undergoing surgery without any evidence of major side effects. The weight-based dosing of enoxaparin was also effective in preventing VTE in all patients. Although these results are promising, further comparative trials are needed in the setting of morbidly obese surgical patients.

  12. Good governance and tourism development in protected areas: The case of Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park, central Vietnam

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anna Hübner

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Protected areas are increasingly expected to serve as a natural income-producing resource via the exploitation of recreational and touristic activities. Whilst tourism is often considered a viable option for generating income which benefits the conservation of a protected area, there are many cases in which insufficient and opaque planning hinder sustainable development, thereby reducing local benefit sharing and, ultimately, nature conservation. This article delineated and examined factors in governance which may underlie tourism development in protected areas. Based on Graham, Amos and Plumptre’s five good governance principles, a specific analysis was made of the Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park in central Vietnam, which highlighted challenges in the practical implementation of governing principles arising for nature conservation, sustainable tourism development and complex stakeholder environments. Despite the limited opportunity of this study to examine the wider national and international context, the discussion facilitated an overview of the factors necessary to understand governance principles and tourism development. This article could serve as a basis for future research, especially with respect to comparative analyses of different management structures existing in Vietnam and in other contested centrally steered protected area spaces. Conservation implications: This research has shown that tourism and its development, despite a more market-oriented and decentralised policymaking, is a fragmented concept impacted by bureaucratic burden, lack of institutional capacities, top-down processes and little benefit-sharing. There is urgent need for stakeholders – public and private – to reconcile the means of protected areas for the ends (conservation by clarifying responsibilities as well as structures and processes which determine decision-making.

  13. Le point sur les indices du bien-être national | CRDI - Centre de ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    21 janv. 2011 ... Les indices économiques sont des outils statistiques qui résument des ... En quelques mots, le PIB correspond à la valeur totale des biens et ... copieux menu d'instruments de mesure allant du réjouissant Happy Planet Index, ...

  14. Alboserpin, a Factor Xa Inhibitor from the Mosquito Vector of Yellow Fever, Binds Heparin and Membrane Phospholipids and Exhibits Antithrombotic Activity

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Calvo, E.; Mizurini, D.M.; Sa-Nunes, A.; Ribeiro, J.M.C.; Andersen, J. F.; Mans, B.J.; Monteiro, R.Q.; Kotsyfakis, Michalis; Francischetti, I.M.B.

    2011-01-01

    Roč. 286, č. 32 (2011), 27998-28010 ISSN 0021-9258 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z60220518 Keywords : serpin * mosquito * Aedes albopictus * phospholipids * Factor Xa * heparin * binding affinity * coagulation * thrombus * bleeding Subject RIV: GJ - Animal Vermins ; Diseases, Veterinary Medicine Impact factor: 4.773, year: 2011

  15. First steps in the direction of synthetic, allosteric, direct inhibitors of thrombin and factor Xa.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Verghese, Jenson; Liang, Aiye; Sidhu, Preet Pal Singh; Hindle, Michael; Zhou, Qibing; Desai, Umesh R

    2009-08-01

    Designing non-saccharide functional mimics of heparin is a major challenge. In this work, a library of small, aromatic molecules based on the sulfated DHP scaffold was synthesized and screened against thrombin and factor Xa. The results reveal that (i) selected monomeric benzofuran derivatives inhibit the two enzymes, albeit weakly; (ii) the two enzymes recognize different structural features in the benzofurans studied suggesting significant selectivity of recognition; and (iii) the mechanism of inhibition is allosteric. The molecules represent the first allosteric small molecule inhibitors of the two enzymes.

  16. First Steps in the Direction of Synthetic, Allosteric, Direct Inhibitors of Thrombin and Factor Xa

    Science.gov (United States)

    Verghese, Jenson; Liang, Aiye; Sidhu, Preet Pal Singh; Hindle, Michael; Zhou, Qibing; Desai, Umesh R.

    2009-01-01

    Designing non-saccharide functional mimics of heparin is a major challenge. In this work, a library of small, aromatic molecules based on the sulfated DHP scaffold was synthesized and screened against thrombin and factor Xa. The results reveal that i) selected monomeric benzofuran derivatives inhibit the two enzymes, albeit weakly; ii) the two enzymes recognize different structural features in the benzofurans studied suggesting significant selectivity of recognition; and iii) the mechanism of inhibition is allosteric. The molecules represent the first allosteric small molecule inhibitors of the two enzymes. PMID:19540113

  17. Valuación de Bienes de Uso en el Marco de las Nuevas Normas Contables Profesionales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Beatriz Brozzú

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available Respecto a la valuación de los Bienes de Uso el abandono de los valores corrientes, reemplazado por valores históricos, sacrifica los requisitos de aproximación a la realidad, verificabilidad y confiabilidad de la información. Al mismo tiempo, se contradice con Normas Internacionales de Contabilidad (IAS hacia las que supuestamente buscaba armonizar, ya que éstas (IAS 16 admiten revalorizaciones y desvalorizaciones, con énfasis en mostrar, en todo momento, el fair value de los Bienes de Uso.

  18. The discovery and exploration of Hang Son Doong

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Limbert, H.; Limbert, D.; Hieu, N.; Phai, V. V.; Kinh Bac, D.; Phuong, T. H.; Granger, D.

    2016-08-01

    Hang Son Doong is located in the Phong Nha Ke Bang Limestone Massif in Quang Binh Province, Central Vietnam. Cave exploration by British cavers has been continuous in this area since 1990. Hang Son Doong is part of the Phong Nha Cave system which runs from the southern end of the National Park near the Lao border to the final resurgence at Phong Nha Cave. (Author)

  19. El mercado de bienes ilegales: el caso de la droga

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Becker , Gary S.

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo examina los costos de reducir el consumo de un bien declarando ilegal su producción y castigando a los productores ilegales. Las drogas son el ejemplo más destacado. Cuanto más inelástica es la demanda o la oferta, mayor es el incremento del costo social de reducir la producción con mayor represión. Así, el gasto público óptimo de capturar y condenar a los proveedores ilegales no sólo depende de la diferencia entre los valores social y privado del consumo sino también de las elasticidades. Cuando la demanda y la oferta no son muy elásticas, no paga hacer cumplir la prohibición a menos que el valor social sea negativo. También muestra que un impuesto monetario reduce la producción e incrementa el precio más que la represión óptima del bien si fuera ilegal, aunque algunos productores vayan a la clandestinidad para evadir el impuesto monetario. Los impuestos al consumo y las restricciones a las cantidades no son equivalentes cuando la represión tiene costos

  20. El comercio interprovincial de bienes en España

    OpenAIRE

    Esteban, Almudena; Llano, Carlos; Gallego, Nuria; Mata, Tamara de la

    2012-01-01

    En España no existe información oficial sobre el comercio interregional de bienes. En el marco del proyecto C-intereg se ha estimado la primera base de datos de comercio con detalle provincial, tomando como punto de partida la información disponible sobre transporte de mercancías junto con información adicional sobre precios específicos por regiones y productos. La metodología también incluye varios ejercicios de depuración y armonización con las cifras oficiales de producción ...

  1. Ética de la convivencia en organizaciones del presente: Base fundamental para alcanzar el bien común

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cristina Seijo

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available El propósito de esta investigación es establecer algunas consideraciones teóricas sobre la ética de la convivencia en las organizaciones de presente, de manera que la gerencia en estas organizaciones se perfile hacia la búsqueda del bien común, en este sentido, el estudio se basa en una metodología cualitativa, de tipo descriptiva y diseño no experimental, mediante un análisis documental, ubicada dentro del área de las Ciencias Sociales.En este sentido, el logro del bien común está asociado a alcanzar una vida en convivencia, esto significa lograr acuerdos mínimos a través del diálogo entre los ciudadanos de manera que se pueda establecer el respeto hacia el otro. La base de tales acuerdos será, necesariamente, la búsqueda del bienestar de la sociedad, es decir, el bien común. Esta idea justifica la necesidad de una ética común, la que conlleva al reconocimiento del otro, aceptar el bienestar del otro, aceptación del otro en nuestro sistema, para lograr la convivencia y alcanzar el bienestar o bien común.Palabras Clave: Ética de la convivencia; bien común; acuerdos mínimos. Ethics of the Living together in organizations of future: fundamental Base to reach the common goodAbstractThis research aims at advancing concepts regarding fellowship ethics in contemporary organizations, in order to organize management around common good practices. The achievement of the common good is thus associated to reaching fellowship, this is to achieve minimal consensus through dialog between citizens and strengthen respect to each other. The base of such consensus will be, necessarily, societal welfare, that is to say, the common good.Keywords: Ethics of the living; common good; minimal agreements.

  2. Los Bienes Destinados al Uso General: Tratamiento Contable en Diferentes Administraciones Locales Europeas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Teresa Balaguer Coll

    2001-06-01

    Full Text Available Como respuesta a la necesidad de una mayor información para la gestión, los sistemas contables públicos han sido sometidos a un proceso general de reforma, especialmente en la administración local. Estas reformas afectan, entre otros, al tratamiento contable de los activos fijos. Dada la especial naturaleza que poseen algunos de estos activos, como es el caso de los bienes destinados a uso general, este artículo tiene por objeto analizar la problemática contable que tales bienes originan, mostrando diferentes posturas académicas y las prácticas contables de las entidades locales en diferentes países europeos. En general, se aprecia una clara tendencia a la presentación de mayor información sobre el activo fijo en los estados financieros, siendo el criterio de valoración más utilizado el coste histórico. Palabras clave: bienes de uso general, contabilidad pública, entidades locales europeas. ABSTRACT In response to the need for better management information, pubic sector accounting systems have been subjected to a general reform process, especially in local government. These reforms cover, among other things, accounting for capital assets. Given the special nature of some of these assets, such as community assets, this article aims to analyse the problematic roots of accounting, examining different academic positions as well as the accounting rules and practices of local authorities in different European countries. In general, there appears to be a clear tendency to present more information on capital assets in financial statements, with historic cost being the most utilised valuation criteria.

  3. RUBY-1: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the safety and tolerability of the novel oral factor Xa inhibitor darexaban (YM150) following acute coronary syndrome

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Steg, Ph Gabriel; Mehta, Shamir R; Jukema, J Wouter

    2011-01-01

    To establish the safety, tolerability and most promising regimen of darexaban (YM150), a novel, oral, direct factor Xa inhibitor, for prevention of ischaemic events in acute coronary syndrome (ACS)....

  4. Libéralisation du commerce des biens et services TIC : enjeux et ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    Libéralisation du commerce des biens et services TIC : enjeux et implications pour la mise en oeuvre de politiques publiques en Afrique de l'Ouest. En Afrique de l'Ouest, les entreprises du secteur privé des technologies d'information et de la communication (TIC) ont démontré leur capacité à créer des emplois et à stimuler ...

  5. Treatment of proximal deep vein thrombosis with a novel synthetic compound (SR90107A/ORG31540) with pure anti-factor Xa activity - A phase II evaluation

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Buller, HR; Cariou, R; Gallus, A; Gent, M; Ginsberg, J; Prins, MH; Lensing, A; Levi, M; Nurmohammed, N; Hirsh, J; Roberts, R; ten Cate, JW; Decousus, H; Mismetti, P; Buchmuller, A; Charlet, [No Value; Viallon, A; van der Meer, J; Meinardi, [No Value; Meijer, K; Piovella, F; Barone, M; Beltrametti, C; Serafini, S; Kraaijenhagen, RA; Koopman, MMW; Jagt, HHT; Muller, MBR; Kooy, MV; Nauta, S; Gallus, AS; Coghlan, D; Rich, C; Prandoni, P; Scudeller, A; Scarano, L; Girolami, A; Baker, R; Tan, E; Cooney, J; Eikelboom, J; Ninet, J; Dolmazon, C; Madoux, MHG; Coppere, B; Nenci, GG; Agnelli, G; Falcinelli, F; Morini, M; d'Angelo, A

    2000-01-01

    Background-Patients with venous thromboembolism require initial treatment with an immediate-acting anticoagulant, low-molecular-weight heparin. We evaluated a novel synthetic factor Xa inhibitor (SR90107a/ORG31540) as an alternative treatment. Methods and Results-A randomized-parallel-group, phase

  6. Determination of rivaroxaban in patient’s plasma samples by anti-Xa chromogenic test associated to High Performance Liquid Chromatography tandem Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Derogis, Priscilla Bento Matos; Sanches, Livia Rentas; de Aranda, Valdir Fernandes; Colombini, Marjorie Paris; Mangueira, Cristóvão Luis Pitangueira; Katz, Marcelo; Faulhaber, Adriana Caschera Leme; Mendes, Claudio Ernesto Albers; Ferreira, Carlos Eduardo dos Santos; França, Carolina Nunes; Guerra, João Carlos de Campos

    2017-01-01

    Rivaroxaban is an oral direct factor Xa inhibitor, therapeutically indicated in the treatment of thromboembolic diseases. As other new oral anticoagulants, routine monitoring of rivaroxaban is not necessary, but important in some clinical circumstances. In our study a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method was validated to measure rivaroxaban plasmatic concentration. Our method used a simple sample preparation, protein precipitation, and a fast chromatographic run. It was developed a precise and accurate method, with a linear range from 2 to 500 ng/mL, and a lower limit of quantification of 4 pg on column. The new method was compared to a reference method (anti-factor Xa activity) and both presented a good correlation (r = 0.98, p highly correlated and should be used as clinical tools for drug monitoring. The method was applied successfully in a group of 49 real-life patients, which allowed an accurate determination of rivaroxaban in peak and trough levels. PMID:28170419

  7. ¿Serían la Guardia, Tutela y Curatela Bienes Jurídicos Penales? Un Análisis Crítico de los Arts. 248 y 249 del CP a la Luz de la Exclusiva Protección de Bienes Jurídicos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gerson Faustino Rosa

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available El presente trabajo tiene por objeto el análisis crítico y la explotación de un importante problema político-criminal de la actualidad: la criminalización de conductas que afrontan la guarda, la tutela y la curatela en el Código Penal, en sus artículos 248 y 249, lo que ya no tiene sentido ante la actual función del sistema penal, criticándose la actividad desenfrenada del Poder Legislativo, que produce ley espenales que no protegen bien jurídico alguno,oque salvaguardan bienes pasibles de protección por otras esferas del Derecho, valiéndose de la fuerza simbólico-comunicativa del Derecho Penal de forma desnecesaria, ampliando demasiadamente el alcance de la pena criminal, hasta el punto de vulgarizar todo el sistema jurídico penalenrazón de su uso indiscriminado. Paraello, enprimer plano,este estudio trata de la política criminal relativa a la libre planificación familiar, criticando la intervención estatal en cuestiones familiares, como ocurre en el Código Penal de 1940, destacando la necesidad de respetarse los principios de intervención mínima y de proporcionalidad antes de que el legislador se valga de la injerencia penal para la protección de cualquier bien jurídico. Más adelante, se presenta la importancia del bien jurídico-penal, con énfasis en la familia como bien jurídico categorial, especialmente la guardia, tutela y curatela, supuestamente lesionadas por los delitos de los artículos 248 y 249 del Código Penal. Así, se analizan brevemente los tipos penales citados, criticándose dicha criminalización, teniéndose en cuenta que tales tipos son subsidiarios, perfectamente prescindibles en el ordenamiento jurídico-penal y pasibles de salvaguardia por el Derecho Civil, que en la solución de los conflictos familiares se muestra mucho más eficaz que la intervención penal.

  8. Análise e identificação das antocianinas de couve rôxa (Brassica spp.)

    OpenAIRE

    Lopes, Dulce; Jesus, Benvinda; Cabrita, Luís

    2004-01-01

    A couve rôxa é uma espécie comestível com uma composição em antocianinas rica e complexa. Sabe-se que contem antocianinas poliglicosiladas, aciladas com um ou mesmo dois grupos acilo aromáticos, nomeadamente com ácidos coumárico e caféico. Este padrão de acilação é particularmente interessante, porque confere estabilidade às antocianinas e aumenta o seu potencial de utilização em aplicações famacêuticas, alimentares e cosméticas. Este estudo tem por objectivo determinar a...

  9. EL DILEMA DE LA CONTRIBUCIÓN VOLUNTARIA A BIENES PÚBLICOS: UNA REVISIÓN DE TRABAJOS EXPERIMENTALES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Alejandro Palacio García

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available El artículo presenta una revisión de los experimentos realizados sobre bienes públicos apoyados en el mecanismo de contribución voluntaria. La evidencia empírica existente muestra que los individuos no son solo los seres egoístas y competitivos que supone la teoría económica ortodoxa, sino que también son seres bondadosos y altruistas. Aunque los diversos trabajos experimentales concuerdan en la existencia de estos sentimientos catalogados como "bondad", no es claro si los sujetos actúan así para mejorar el bienestar de los demás (altruismo o porque se sienten bien realizando este tipo acciones (satisfacción moral.

  10. Ingénierie de la maintenance De la conception à l'exploitation d'un bien

    CERN Document Server

    Francastel, Jean-Claude

    2003-01-01

    La maintenance a évolué : d’abord confinée à l’entretien des équipements “réparer“ les pannes puis élargie à leur surveillance “prévoir” les pannes elle est intégrée aujourd’hui dès la phase de conception du produit avec notamment le concept de “maintenabilité” du produit. L’ingénierie de maintenance désigne ce processus d’accompagnement d’un bien industriel durant toutes les phases de son cycle de vie de la conception au démantèlement qui permet d’optimiser l’exploitation de ce bien et son coût global life cycle cost. Cet ouvrage décrit les différentes phases du cycle de vie en exposant les techniques qui permettent d’intégrer à chaque étape les concepts de maintenance.

  11. Determination of rivaroxaban in patient's plasma samples by anti-Xa chromogenic test associated to High Performance Liquid Chromatography tandem Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Derogis, Priscilla Bento Matos; Sanches, Livia Rentas; de Aranda, Valdir Fernandes; Colombini, Marjorie Paris; Mangueira, Cristóvão Luis Pitangueira; Katz, Marcelo; Faulhaber, Adriana Caschera Leme; Mendes, Claudio Ernesto Albers; Ferreira, Carlos Eduardo Dos Santos; França, Carolina Nunes; Guerra, João Carlos de Campos

    2017-01-01

    Rivaroxaban is an oral direct factor Xa inhibitor, therapeutically indicated in the treatment of thromboembolic diseases. As other new oral anticoagulants, routine monitoring of rivaroxaban is not necessary, but important in some clinical circumstances. In our study a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method was validated to measure rivaroxaban plasmatic concentration. Our method used a simple sample preparation, protein precipitation, and a fast chromatographic run. It was developed a precise and accurate method, with a linear range from 2 to 500 ng/mL, and a lower limit of quantification of 4 pg on column. The new method was compared to a reference method (anti-factor Xa activity) and both presented a good correlation (r = 0.98, p plasma samples for rivaroxaban measurement by HPLC-MS/MS without interferences. The chromogenic and HPLC-MS/MS methods were highly correlated and should be used as clinical tools for drug monitoring. The method was applied successfully in a group of 49 real-life patients, which allowed an accurate determination of rivaroxaban in peak and trough levels.

  12. Problemática sobre la disponibilidad de los Bienes Jurídicos Individuales y Responsabilidades Emergentes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ignacio Curbelo Solari

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Sobre el concepto de Disponibilidad. Concepto de Bien Jurídico y sus funciones. El Consentimiento. Breve Historia. Bienes Jurídicos Colectivos e Individuales. Naturaleza Jurídica del Consentimiento. Posición de Jescheck, Roxin y Muñoz Conde. Posición de los principales autores nacionales: Prof. Gonzalo Fernández, Miguel Langón, Germán Aller, Pedro Montano. Los requisitos del consentimiento. En la doctrina extranjeraEn la doctrina uruguaya El consentimiento presunto. Requisitos del consentimiento presunto.Relevancia del consentimiento en el Derecho Positivo. Derecho extranjero Derecho Uruguayo. Diversas situaciones. El art. 44 del CP. La Vida. El consentimiento y la responsabilidad de los médicos. Las intervenciones transexuales. La Eutanasia La ley 18.473 de Voluntad anticipada. La auto puesta en peligro.

  13. El reconocimiento de los bienes de dominio público: El caso de los municipios portugueses

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Susana Catarino Rua

    2016-02-01

    Full Text Available Objeto: Este trabajo tiene por objetivos analizar el mencionado en el POCAL (1999, en las NICSP del IPSASB y en diversas opiniones doctrinales con respecto al reconocimiento de los bienes de dominio público (BDP, así como verificar si existen problemas inherentes al reconocimiento de los BDP en Portugal, superables con la adopción de las NICSP. Diseño/metodología/Enfoque: Para este estudio, fue efectuada una revisión de literatura, de la posición del POCAL (1999, de las NICSP del IPSASB, y de la perspectiva doctrinal, con respecto al reconocimiento de los bienes de dominio público. Además, se realizó un estudio de la evolución de los valores de los bienes de dominio público, de los años 2006 a 2013, del total de los 308 municipios portugueses, para concluir acerca de la existencia de dificultades en el reconocimiento de estos activos y de la necesidad de adoptar los normativos internacionales. Aportaciones y Resultados: En algunos municipios portugueses, el proceso de inventario aún no está concluido, existiendo dificultades con respecto al reconocimiento de los BDP. Dichas dificultades resultan de que el POCAL (1999 no presenta los requisitos para el reconocimiento de los activos; problema superado en la NICSP nº 17 del IPSASB (2006b, que refiere esos requisitos. Adoptar un nuevo Sistema de Normalización Contable aplicable a la Administración Pública (SNC-AP, basado en las NICSP, puede ser la solución para dichas cuestiones, introduciendo criterios a considerar en el reconocimiento de los activos, que aseguren la comparabilidad de la información y de los valores del patrimonio de los municipios portugueses. Limitaciones: La inexistencia de criterios de reconocimiento a seguir por los municipios trae limitaciones al nivel de la comparabilidad de los valores de los diferentes componentes del activo presentados por los varios municipios. Valor añadido: Este trabajo nos enseña que, en Portugal, aún existen problemas con

  14. ¿Puede existir el bien común? El teorema de la imposibilidad de Arrow y la nueva democracia colombiana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hugo López

    1991-07-01

    Full Text Available Colombia acaba de aprobar una nueva constitución. Es la expresión del ideal liberal: así como la apertura económica al aumentar el grado de competencia debe garantizar un suministro adecuado de bienes privados, se espera que una democracia más abierta y participativa que permita un mayor control de los ciudadanos sobre sus asuntos colectivos y asegure un suministro de bienes públicos más racional. Conviene recordar que este ideal se enfrentará a graves dificultades. El bien común no surge automáticamente de las elecciones. Las paradojas a las que estas están sometidas y el teorema de la imposibilidad de Arow, discutidos en este artículo así lo aprueban. La democracia es la expresión de Churchil- “la peor forma de gobierno- con excepción de todas las otras formas conocidas”. No carece entonces de dificultades. Está construida sobre la lógica del conflicto que pretende regular pero que no elimina en absoluto (la guerra civil es siempre una posibilidad virtual.

  15. Tout va bien ! méthode de français : cahier d'exercices 2

    CERN Document Server

    Augé, H; Marlhens, C; Martin, L

    2005-01-01

    Tout va bien ! est une méthode de français destinée aux grands adolescents et adultes débutants ou faux-débutants. Ses objectifs respectent scrupuleusement les recommandations du Cadre européen commun de référence pour les langues, comme en témoigne le portfolio qui accompagne le livre de l'élève. Tout va bien ! propose : Des supports et des situations de communication authentiques ou proches de l'authentique, permettant à l'élève de se sensibiliser aux différents registres et de découvrir certains aspects de la culture francophone tout autant que la langue. De très nombreuses activités visant l'acquisition des quatre compétences de communication et l'utilisation de stratégies spécifiques. Un travail sur la grammaire et le vocabulaire associés aux situations et au service de la communication faisant une large place à l'observation et à la réflexion. Une invitation régulière à l'évaluation, au travail an autonomie et à l'auto-évaluation.

  16. Tout va bien ! méthode de français : cahier d'exercices 1

    CERN Document Server

    Augé, H; Marlhens, C; Martin, L

    2005-01-01

    Tout va bien ! est une méthode de français destinée aux grands adolescents et adultes débutants ou faux-débutants. Ses objectifs respectent scrupuleusement les recommandations du Cadre européen commun de référence pour les langues, comme en témoigne le portfolio qui accompagne le livre de l'élève. Tout va bien ! propose : Des supports et des situations de communication authentiques ou proches de l'authentique, permettant à l'élève de se sensibiliser aux différents registres et de découvrir certains aspects de la culture francophone tout autant que la langue. De très nombreuses activités visant l'acquisition des quatre compétences de communication et l'utilisation de stratégies spécifiques. Un travail sur la grammaire et le vocabulaire associés aux situations et au service de la communication faisant une large place à l'observation et à la réflexion. Une invitation régulière à l'évaluation, au travail an autonomie et à l'auto-évaluation.

  17. Responsabilidad social de los consumidores en la compra de bienes de consumo

    OpenAIRE

    Peña López, Alicia

    2017-01-01

    La responsabilidad social del consumidor en la compra de bienes de consumo abarca una muy amplia variedad de sectores, por lo que este trabajo se ha centrado exclusivamente en el análisis de la sensibilidad del distribuidor y consumidor a la compra de alimentos éticamente responsables en España, haciendo especial hincapié en los productos con certificado Fairtrade. Un primer estudio sobre estos productos ha mostrado cómo las ventas en España se han incrementado durante los últimos años, sin e...

  18. Bienes globales y protección colectiva: el caso del derecho de consumo

    OpenAIRE

    Gómez Pomar, Fernando

    2012-01-01

    En el ámbito de bienes globales, como es la protección del consumidor, las acciones de protección plantean una problemática especial y de particular dificultad. En derecho de consumo, dada la naturaleza dispersa de los efectos negativos de muchos comportamientos de infracción, los mecanismos tradicionales para lograr el cumplimiento de las normas de Derecho Privado se enfrentan a obstáculos con frecuencia insuperables. Las acciones colectivas pueden obtener economías de escala ...

  19. La América Latina y El Caribe en 1913 y 1925. Enfoque desde las importaciones de bienes de capital

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Xavier Tafunell

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo estudiamos el desarrollo económico alcanzado por la totalidad de los Estados latinoamericanos y caribeños soberanos en 1913 y 1925 desde una perspectiva inédita en el estudio del conjunto de la región: las importaciones y la producción –que sumadas equivalen al consumo aparente– de bienes de capital. Asegurada la fiabilidad de las estadísticas del comercio exterior, procedemos a reconstruir las magnitudes de los bienes de capital adquiridos por las 20 repúblicas. También estimamos la producción interna. La nueva evidencia empírica pone de manifiesto las enormes diferencias existentes en el seno de la región en el consumo per cápita de bienes de capital al término de la primera oleada globalizadora. La comparación entre los niveles de 1913 y 1925 revela que, en general, la contienda mundial no favoreció el proceso de sustitución de importaciones de la región, pero no en todos los países por igual.

  20. Vite et bien 1 A1/A2 : méthode rapide pour adultes

    CERN Document Server

    Miquel, Claire

    2009-01-01

    Vite et bien s'adresse à des adultes pressés et impatients de communiquer avec succès en français ! Le vocabulaire est simple et usuel et les thèmes, variés, pour faire face, efficacement, à toutes les situations de la vie quotidienne et professionnelle. Livre + CD audio et corrigés inclus. La méthode rapide Vite et bien 1 permet à la fois d'apprendre le français et de découvrir la réalité de la vie en France, les différences culturelles, le langage de la vie quotidienne, le tout en un temps record. En effet, le premier volume couvre, en vingt unités, les niveaux A1 et A2 du Cadre Européen de référence (CECR). Ainsi, en 100 à 120 heures de cours selon les publics, il sera possible d'acquérir une bonne base de grammaire et de vocabulaire, claire, simple, fonctionnelle, et de se sentir à l'aise dans la communication orale et écrite. L'ouvrage s'adresse aux vrais et et aux faux débutants, constituant donc un outil d'apprentissage et/ou de rafraîchissement des connaissances. Chacune des v...

  1. Bitcoin: Documentos electrónicos para el intercambio de bienes y servicios

    OpenAIRE

    García Alejo, Luis Antonio

    2016-01-01

    [ES] Al hablar de Bitcoin no se hace alusión simplemente a una única cosa, al bien digital como tal, sino que nos referimos también al protocolo de envío y recepción de mensajes, basado en Open Source, a la red P2P (Par- a- par) y las propias criptomonedas (Bitcoins). Su creador, bajo el seudónimo de Satoshi Nakamoto, pretendía crear un proyecto con un objetivo principal: que las transacciones económicas entre dos personas no necesiten de un organismo central o ningún tipo de intermediario. E...

  2. OF THE COMMON GOOD TO THE COMMON GOOD OF HUMANITY. DE LOS BIENES COMUNES AL BIEN COMÚN DE LA HUMANIDAD.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    François Houtart.

    2014-06-01

    éndum sobre el agua (uno de los bienes comunes en Italia, la Fundación Rosa Luxemburgo tomó la decisión de organizar una Conferencia sobre el concepto del Bien Común de la Humanidad, para promover una reflexión sobre los vínculos entre las dos nociones y de integrar las reivindicaciones y las luchas sociales para un cambio de sociedad, escenario en el que se enmarca éste artículo.

  3. Retos para la política ambiental: el debate internacional sobre el comercio de bienes y servicios ambientales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Diego Alejandro Martínez Ballesteros

    2006-11-01

    Full Text Available Los lineamientos de la actual política ambiental nacional enfatizan la promoción y el aprovechamiento sostenible de bienes y servicios ambientales. A nivel internacional, el tema se está tratando en la Organización Mundial del Comercio, por el mandato de la Declaración Ministerial de Doha (2001. Así mismo, se encuentra tácitamente en la actual agenda del desarrollo. El debate ha girado alrededor de lograr un acuerdo sobre definiciones y criterios de bienes y servicios ambientales para el comercio. Se ha mantenido una visión restringida sobre estos ítems, que excluye apreciaciones integrales desde la economía ambiental. Los bienes y servicios relacionados con la biodiversidad y los que proporcionan los ecosistemas, que podrían interesar a los países ‘megadiversos’ como Colombia no ocupan el centro del debate. La ausencia y la pasividad en este debate pueden conllevar a la pérdida de beneficios y oportunidades de la utilización sostenible de los recursos naturales, en contravía con la intención de la actual política ambiental. Así mismo, los resultados que se logren en la OMC tendrán repercusiones en otros tratados comerciales bilaterales o regionales que celebre el país y en el nivel de autonomía sobre el control de recursos naturales estratégicos.

  4. Retos para la política ambiental: el debate internacional sobre el comercio de bienes y servicios ambientales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Diego Alejandro Martínez Ballesteros

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available Los lineamientos de la actual política ambiental nacional enfatizan la promoción y el aprovechamiento sostenible de bienes y servicios ambientales. A nivel internacional, el tema se está tratando en la Organización Mundial del Comercio, por el mandato de la Declaración Ministerial de Doha (2001. Así mismo, se encuentra tácitamente en la actual agenda del desarrollo. El debate ha girado alrededor de lograr un acuerdo sobre definiciones y criterios de bienes y servicios ambientales para el comercio. Se ha mantenido una visión restringida sobre estos ítems, que excluye apreciaciones integrales desde la economía ambiental. Los bienes y servicios relacionados con la biodiversidad y los que proporcionan los ecosistemas, que podrían interesar a los países ‘megadiversos’ como Colombia no ocupan el centro del debate. La ausencia y la pasividad en este debate pueden conllevar a la pérdida de beneficios y oportunidades de la utilización sostenible de los recursos naturales, en contravía con la intención de la actual política ambiental. Así mismo, los resultados que se logren en la OMC tendrán repercusiones en otros tratados comerciales bilaterales o regionales que celebre el país y en el nivel de autonomía sobre el control de recursos naturales estratégicos

  5. TTIP: Análisis jurídico-técnico y su impacto en el comercio de bienes

    OpenAIRE

    Aizpiri Oliván, Martín

    2016-01-01

    El TFG en cuestión trata de abordar desde una perspectiva técnico-jurídica los elementos y procedimientos para liberalizar el comercio que se plantean en el TTIP, con especial mención al comercio de bienes.

  6. Corrélats du bien-être chez les Canadiens présentant des troubles de l’humeur ou d'anxiété

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    H. Orpana

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Introduction : Notre objectif visait à étudier les variables liées au bien-être, mesurées par une autoévaluation de la santé mentale (AESM très positive et une satisfaction élevée à l’égard de la vie (SV chez des adultes canadiens (âgés de 18 ans et plus présentant un trouble de l’humeur ou d'anxiété. Méthodologie : Nous avons utilisé des données nationales représentatives tirées de l’Enquête sur les personnes ayant une maladie chronique au Canada – Composante des troubles de l’humeur et d’anxiété (EPMCC-TAH de 2014 afin de décrire l’association entre bien-être et comportements d’autogestion (activité physique, sommeil et méditation ainsi que stress, adaptation et soutien social perçus. Nous avons eu recours à une régression logistique multivariée pour modéliser la relation entre ces facteurs et les mesures du bien-être. Résultats : Environ une personne sur trois atteinte d’un trouble de l’humeur ou d’anxiété a fait état d'une AESM positive. Les modèles de régression logistique ont révélé que plusieurs caractéristiques, comme un âge plus avancé, une autoévaluation de la santé générale positive, des limitations fonctionnelles moins nombreuses ainsi que la perception d’un moindre stress à l’égard de la vie, de meilleures capacités d’adaptation et d’un plus grand soutien social, étaient associées à des niveaux de bien-être plus élevés. Les comportements d’autogestion (entamer une activité physique, méditer, adopter de saines habitudes de sommeil et atteindre un certain nombre d’heures de sommeil chaque nuit n’étaient pas significativement associés à des mesures du bien-être dans notre modèle multivarié. Conclusion : Les adultes canadiens souffrant de troubles de l’humeur ou d'anxiété qui ont déclaré percevoir un niveau de stress plus faible, un plus grand soutien social et une meilleure capacité d’adaptation étaient plus susceptibles de

  7. Rivaroxaban-once daily, oral, direct factor Xa inhibition compared with vitamin K antagonism for prevention of stroke and Embolism Trial in Atrial Fibrillation: rationale and design of the ROCKET AF study

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    NN, NN

    2010-01-01

    BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common significant cardiac arrhythmia, increases the risk of stroke, particularly in the elderly. Warfarin is effective in reducing stroke risk but is burdensome to patients and is difficult to control. Rivaroxaban is an oral direct factor Xa inhibit...

  8. “Jeneros de gusto y sobretodos ingleses”: el impacto cultural del consumo de bienes ingleses por la clase alta bogotana .

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Maria Otero Cleves.

    2009-05-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo analiza el impacto cultural del consumo de bienes Inglés por la clase alta de Bogotá durante el siglo XIX. Se sugiere que el consumo de productos Inglés después de la independencia del país fue uno de los principales mecanismos empleados por las clases altas para asegurar su posición social, así como para construir una nación moderna, de acuerdo a las normas europeas. Por lo tanto, el artículo analiza el papel que el consumo de bienes extranjeros en el proceso de construcción de la nación y la diferenciación social en el siglo XIX.

  9. Contemporary developments in the discovery of selective factor Xa inhibitors: A review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Patel, Nirav R; Patel, Dushyant V; Murumkar, Prashant R; Yadav, Mange Ram

    2016-10-04

    Thrombosis is a leading cause of death in cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction (MI), unstable angina and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the industrialized world. Venous thromboembolism is observed in about 1 million people every year in United States causing significant morbidity and mortality. Conventional antithrombotic therapy has been reported to have several disadvantages and limitations like inconvenience in oral administration, bleeding risks (heparin analogs), narrow therapeutic window and undesirable interactions with food and drugs (vitamin K antagonist-warfarin). The unmet medical demand for orally active safe anticoagulants has generated widespread interest among the medicinal chemists engaged in this field. To modulate blood coagulation, various enzymes involved in the coagulation process have received great attention as potential targets by various research groups for the development of oral anticoagulants. Among these enzymes, factor Xa (FXa) has remained the centre of attention in the last decade. Intensive research efforts have been made by various research groups for the development of small, safe and orally bioavailable FXa inhibitors. This review is an attempt to compile the research work of various researchers in the direction of development of FXa inhibitors reported since 2010 onward. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

  10. Trivial topological phase of CaAgP and the topological nodal-line transition in CaAg (P1 -xA sx)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xu, N.; Qian, Y. T.; Wu, Q. S.; Autès, G.; Matt, C. E.; Lv, B. Q.; Yao, M. Y.; Strocov, V. N.; Pomjakushina, E.; Conder, K.; Plumb, N. C.; Radovic, M.; Yazyev, O. V.; Qian, T.; Ding, H.; Mesot, J.; Shi, M.

    2018-04-01

    By performing angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and first-principles calculations, we address the topological phase of CaAgP and investigate the topological phase transition in CaAg (P1 -xA sx) . We reveal that in CaAgP, the bulk band gap and surface states with a large bandwidth are topologically trivial, in agreement with hybrid density functional theory calculations. The calculations also indicate that application of "negative" hydrostatic pressure can transform trivial semiconducting CaAgP into an ideal topological nodal-line semimetal phase. The topological transition can be realized by partial isovalent P/As substitution at x =0.38 .

  11. Régimen de separación de bienes en el Código civil

    OpenAIRE

    Sánchez de Prada, Ángela

    2015-01-01

    Todo matrimonio requiere hacer frente a una serie de obligacones que genera la existencia de cualquier familia. En todo régimen económico matrimonial rige la obligación que tienen los cónyuges de contribuir al levantamiento de las cargas del matrimonio; no obstante, este tratamiento ha de ser matizado en el régimen de separación de bienes. El trabajo para la casa será computado como contribución a las cargas y dará derecho a una compensación que el juez, a falta de acuerdo, determinará. Este ...

  12. Los bienes comunes intangibles en el capitalismo cognitivo.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Álvaro Ramis Olivos

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available Normal 0 21 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Este texto analizará críticamente la actual fase económica para mostrar la importancia de los bienes comunes intangibles. Sondea la tesis de un nuevo modo de producción «en ciernes», basado en la gestión colaborativa. Analiza los intangibles de acuerdo a su calidad y carácter. Compara los sistemas de patentes y derechos de propiedad intelectual que permiten su apropiación y las resistencias a su «comoditización» desde el software libre y las propuestas de flexibilización de derechos de autor. Advierte sobre el «fetichismo tecnológico» y propone un marco mínimo de discernimiento en dilemas vinculados a estas materias. /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabla normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;}

  13. Codicia y bien público: los ministros de la Audiencia en la Lima seiscentista

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    de la Puente Brunke, José

    2006-04-01

    Full Text Available The Administration agent was a complex figure in Colonial Peru. This article aims to discuss that complexity, focusing its analysis on the Ministers of Lima’s Audiencia during the Seventeenth century. The concepts of greed (codicia and public good (bien público will be considered in that context, posing some ideas concerning the peculiar way of «selling» judicial posts, known as beneficio. The activities of some of the Audiencia’s Ministers in Lima will be discussed, trying to offer more references on their role in the viceregal society, as well as on their contemporaries’ perception regarding them.

    El presente artículo pretende ofrecer una visión de la complejidad de la figura del agente de la administración pública en el Perú virreinal, centrando su análisis en los ministros de la Audiencia de Lima en el siglo XVII. Como punto de partida, se presentan testimonios a través de los cuales se percibe la tensión entre la «codicia» y el «bien público», y en ese contexto se plantean algunas reflexiones sobre el beneficio de oficios de justicia. Luego se analizan las actividades de algunos de esos ministros en la Lima de entonces, y se busca ofrecer mayores referencias con respecto a su papel en la sociedad virreinal, y en cuanto a la visión que sobre ellos tenían sus contemporáneos.

  14. El libre desarrollo de la personalidad (Un bien jurídico digno del Estado constitucional)

    OpenAIRE

    Migu Ontiveros Alonso

    2006-01-01

    Con fundamento en la dignidad humana, en su calidad de valor fundamental plasmado en toda Constitución moderna, el autor propone incorporar, en calidad de bien jurídicamente protegido, al libre desarrollo de la personalidad, con el objeto de proteger a los grupos especialmente vulnerables ante los delitos vinculados a la explotación humana. el libre desarrollo de la personalidad, se afirma en este breve artículo, puede ser equiparado a la vida humana como valor supero del se...

  15. Cleavage of spike protein of SARS coronavirus by protease factor Xa is associated with viral infectivity

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Du, Lanying; Kao, Richard Y.; Zhou, Yusen; He, Yuxian; Zhao, Guangyu; Wong, Charlotte; Jiang, Shibo; Yuen, Kwok-Yung; Jin, Dong-Yan; Zheng, Bo-Jian

    2007-01-01

    The spike (S) protein of SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) has been known to recognize and bind to host receptors, whose conformational changes then facilitate fusion between the viral envelope and host cell membrane, leading to viral entry into target cells. However, other functions of SARS-CoV S protein such as proteolytic cleavage and its implications to viral infection are incompletely understood. In this study, we demonstrated that the infection of SARS-CoV and a pseudovirus bearing the S protein of SARS-CoV was inhibited by a protease inhibitor Ben-HCl. Also, the protease Factor Xa, a target of Ben-HCl abundantly expressed in infected cells, was able to cleave the recombinant and pseudoviral S protein into S1 and S2 subunits, and the cleavage was inhibited by Ben-HCl. Furthermore, this cleavage correlated with the infectivity of the pseudovirus. Taken together, our study suggests a plausible mechanism by which SARS-CoV cleaves its S protein to facilitate viral infection

  16. Le paysage dans l’action publique : du patrimoine au bien commun

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anne Sgard

    2010-09-01

    Full Text Available Le paysage est dorénavant partie prenante des politiques publiques locales, souvent affiché au cœur même du projet de territoire. Cependant le débat reste largement ouvert dès lors qu’il s’agit de préciser à quoi « sert le paysage » et de lui associer une/des valeurs particulières, susceptibles de porter et de légitimer la problématique paysagère au cours du montage du projet. Ce texte part du constat que deux termes sont de manière récurrente associés au paysage, le patrimoine et, plus récemment, le bien commun, et se propose d’interroger cette orientation du discours sur le paysage. La pratique et le cadre juridique français, tendent à enfermer le paysage dans un registre avant tout patrimonial, privilégiant une logique de protection. L’expression de bien commun pose question : est-ce un équivalent de patrimoine, une facilité de langage portée par la mode, ou un apport innovant qui permet de réinterroger la place du paysage dans le débat et les méthodes d’intervention? Revenant sur les cadres théoriques de la réflexion sur les biens communs et sur sa diffusion actuelle dans l’ensemble des sciences sociales et environnementales, ce texte cherchera à identifier ce qu’elle peut apporter à la compréhension de la place du paysage dans les projets, en mettant notamment l’accent sur la question de l’accessibilité et de la négociation.The landscape is now part of local public policies, often displayed at the very heart of territorial projects. But the debate remains wide open when it comes to specifying what should be the use of “landscape" and to determine with which particular value, in order to legitimize the thematic of landscape in the building of the territorial project. This text is based on the observation that two notions are consistently associated with landscape: heritage and, more recently, common good. We propose to examine the effect of these notions on the contemporary discourses

  17. De Bienes de la Nación a Monumentos nacionales : Romanticismo y Patrimonio arquitectónico en Portugal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Helena Maia

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo trata de la construcción de la noción de Patrimonio Arquitectónico en Portugal entre 1825 y 1880, período elegido por corresponder con aquél donde se define y consolida el proyecto de preservación romántico. De este modo, a partir del problema generado por la integración en los Bienes de la Nación de la voluminosa masa de bienes muebles e inmuebles, los «bienes nacionales», que hasta entonces habían estado mayoritariamente en poder de las Ordenes Religiosas y que incluían un elevado porcentaje de aquello que hoy se considera el patrimonio nacional. Se procura no solo comprender la evolución del cuadro patrimonial, sino también la de los discursos sobre el tema, la legislación promulgada y las prácticas efectivas de definición y salvaguardia de ese conjunto de edificios que, en este período, con el desarrollo de la consciencia patrimonial, se transforman en Monumentos Nacionales.This paper deals with the construction of the notion of Architectural Heritage in Portugal between 1825 and 1880, when the romantic «preservation project» was defined and consolidated. Having as a starting point the problem generated by the integration in the property of the Nation of a voluminous mass of properties, the so-called «national properties», that had until then been in the ownership of Religious Orders and include a high percentage of what is today considered our national heritage, we try not only to understand the evolution of the constitution of our architectural heritage, but also the several speeches on the subject, the promulgated legislation and the existing practices of definition and safeguard of this set of buildings that, at this time and due to the development of the consciousness of our heritage, were turned into National Monuments.

  18. Bioassay-directed fractionation of a blood coagulation factor Xa inhibitor, betulinic acid from Lycopus lucidus

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tan Yin-Feng

    2018-03-01

    Full Text Available Thrombosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of several cardiovascular disorders, including acute coronary syndrome, unstable angina, myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death, peripheral arterial occlusion, ischemic stroke, deep-vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. Anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents, and fibrinolytics can reduce the risks of these clinical events. Especially, the blood coagulation factor Xa (FXa inhibitor is a proven anticoagulant. Promoting blood circulation, using traditional Chinese medicine (TCM, for the treatment of these diseases has been safely used for thousands of years in clinical practice. Therefore, highly safe and effective anticoagulant ingredients, including FXa inhibitors, could be found in TCM for activating the blood circulation. One FXa inhibitor, a pentacyclic triterpene (compound 1, betulinic acid characterized by IR, MS and NMR analyses, was isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of Lycopus lucidus by bioassay-directed fractionation. Compound 1 exhibited an inhibitory effect on FXa with IC50 25.05 μmol/L and reduced the thrombus weight in an animal model at 25-100 mg/kg. These results indicate that betulinic acid could be the potential for anticoagulant therapy.

  19. La obsolescencia programada en el bien de consumo y la dinámica del mercado

    OpenAIRE

    Espeleta Rios, Ana Milena

    2017-01-01

    Las economías mundiales en proceso de recuperación, con grandes fábricas y una dotación mano de obra altamente productiva, demandaban del mercado un mayor nivel de consumo. Este entorno propició el cambio de foco económico hacia una sociedad de consumo. En este escenario se desarrolla la Obsolescencia Programada como una saludable insatisfacción en cuanto a hacer las cosas menos bien de lo que pueden hacerse con la intención de aumentar la rotación de los productos en mano de los consumidores...

  20. Ciberciudadanía, cultura y bienes públicos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Álvarez, J. Francisco

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available Net society is provoking dramatic changes in several aspects of our daily life as cultural traits, business and the more disparages spheres of privacy and social life. We must attend both to freedom of access and to new services generation because of the peculiar form public goods are raising in the Net. To supersede individual capability limitations and to diffuse digital and cultural gaps, electronic government could be a cultural decisive tool in this phase of cibersociety enhancement. Technologies enhanced the human capabilities, as well as with the social actions and its framework, including cultural production and management. Technologies are also transforming the generation, reproduction and transmission of (social knowledge.La sociedad red transforma la vida cotidiana, las diversas manifestaciones culturales, los negocios, las esferas más diversas de la vida privada y social. La forma en que se generan los bienes públicos en la red exige una preocupación explícita por la libertad de acceso y la generación de nuevos servicios, que ayuden a superar limitaciones de los individuos y faciliten desdibujar las diversas brechas digitales y ciberculturales. El gobierno electrónico resulta culturalmente decisivo en esta fase de expansión de la cibersociedad. Las tecnologías amplían las capacidades humanas, expanden el espacio y las formas de acción social, incluidas la producción y gestión cultural. También producen cambios en las formas de generación, reproducción y transmisión del conocimiento (social.

  1. Tranexamic Acid Failed to Reverse the Anticoagulant Effect and Bleeding by an Oral Direct Factor Xa Inhibitor Edoxaban.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Honda, Yuko; Furugohri, Taketoshi; Morishima, Yoshiyuki

    2018-01-01

    Agents to reverse the anticoagulant effect of edoxaban, an oral direct factor Xa inhibitor, would be desirable in emergency situations. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of tranexamic acid, an antifibrinolytic agent, on the anticoagulant activity and bleeding by edoxaban in rats. A supratherapeutic dose of edoxaban (3 mg/kg) was intravenously administered to rats. Three minutes after dosing, tranexamic acid (100 mg/kg) was given intravenously. Bleeding was induced by making an incision with a blade on the planta 8 min after edoxaban injection and bleeding time was measured. Prothrombin time (PT) and clot lysis were examined. A supratherapeutic dose of edoxaban significantly prolonged PT and bleeding time. Tranexamic acid did not affect PT or bleeding time prolonged by edoxaban, although tranexamic acid significantly inhibited clot lysis in rat plasma. An antifibrinolytic agent tranexamic acid failed to reverse the anticoagulant effect and bleeding by edoxaban in rats. © 2017 S. Karger AG, Basel.

  2. Thrombin and factor Xa link the coagulation system with liver fibrosis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dhar, Ameet; Sadiq, Fouzia; Anstee, Quentin M; Levene, Adam P; Goldin, Robert D; Thursz, Mark R

    2018-05-08

    Thrombin activates hepatic stellate cells via protease-activated receptor-1. The role of Factor Xa (FXa) in hepatic fibrosis has not been elucidated. We aimed to evaluate the impact of FXa and thrombin in vitro on stellate cells and their respective inhibition in vivo using a rodent model of hepatic fibrosis. HSC-LX2 cells were incubated with FXa and/or thrombin in cell culture, stained for αSMA and relative gene expression and gel contraction calculated. C57BL/6 J mice were administered thioacetamide (TAA) for 8 weeks with Rivaroxaban (n = 15) or Dabigatran (n = 15). Control animals received TAA alone (n = 15). Fibrosis was scored and quantified using digital image analysis and hepatic tissue hydroxyproline estimated. Stellate cells treated with FXa and thrombin demonstrated upregulation of procollagen, TGF-beta, αSMA and significant cell contraction (43.48%+/- 4.12) compared to culturing with FXa or thrombin alone (26.90%+/- 8.90, p = 0.02; 13.1%+/- 9.84, p < 0.001). Mean fibrosis score, percentage area of fibrosis and hepatic hydroxyproline content (2.46 vs 4.08, p = 0.008; 2.02% vs 3.76%, p = 0.012; 276.0 vs 651.3, p = 0.0001) were significantly reduced in mice treated with the FXa inhibitor compared to control mice. FXa inhibition was significantly more effective than thrombin inhibition in reducing percentage area of fibrosis and hepatic hydroxyproline content (2.02% vs 3.70%,p = 0.031; 276.0 vs 413.1,p = 0.001). FXa promotes stellate cell contractility and activation. Early inhibition of coagulation using a FXa inhibitor significantly reduces TAA induced murine liver fibrosis and may be a viable treatment for liver fibrosis in patients.

  3. Política social, paradigma de bien estar y práctica política

    OpenAIRE

    David Martinez; Aloisio Ruscheinsky

    2010-01-01

    El artículo aborda la realidad de las des-igualdades y las políticas sociales orienta-das a la creación de mecanismos de bien-estar social. Estos procesos figuran como las tentativas de la superación de la pobre-za, se traducen en retos históricos situados en un contexto espacial de los conflictos entre los actores sociales. En este sentido, parecía a nosotros apropiado construir una exposición de algunos suportes teóri-cos de apoyo a la interpretación que ven-ían a amparar un análisis de las...

  4. Die biene und ihre produkte in der kunst und im alltagsleben (Fruhchristliche und byzantinische Zeit

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Liveri Angeliki

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Die vorliegende Arbeit ist in zwei Teile geteilt: den kunst- und kulturhistorischen Teil. Im ersten Teil werden Darstellungen uber Bienen Bienenzucht, Honig und Wachs seit der fruhchristlichen bis zur spatbyzantinischen Zeit vorgefuhrt. Daher ist es als Beitrag in der "Ikonographie" der Biene wahrend dieser Zeit zu verstehen. Im kulturhistorischen Teil werden Informationen uber die Bienenzucht, den Handel mit Honig und Wachs sowie ihre vielfaltige Anwendung von der byzantinischen Gesellschaft an Hand der primaren Quellen, des Standes der Forschung und der archaologischen Funden erwahnt. Damit ist erwunscht ein moglichst gutes Bild der byzantinischen Bienenzucht wieder zu geben und die Nutzung der Bienenprodukte in Byzanz anschaulich zu machen.

  5. Concepción del bien común en el pensamiento de Salvador Cisneros Betancourt: fundamento ético de un pensamiento político

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lic. Yudith Sotomayor-Gil

    2015-10-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo se centra en el tratamiento teórico y desarrollo histórico de la categoría ética de bien común y su presencia, como fundamento, en el pensamiento político de Salvador Cisneros Betancourt, figura notoria y controversial de la historia de Cuba. Este tema, que se revela como continuidad de la tradición ética en que se sostiene el pensamiento cubano desde su momento fundacional, no ha recibido un tratamiento sistemático en la literatura filosófica cubana actual. El análisis de los documentos, en especial los que se inscriben entre 1902 y 1914, permite apreciar que, aunque no la aborde de forma explícita, la concepción del bien común permea el quehacer intelectual de Cisneros en esos años.

  6. Gestión de bienes patrimoniales y control interno en el Ministerio de Agricultura y Riego - 2015

    OpenAIRE

    Zanabria Cárdenas, Luisa

    2017-01-01

    La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo general determinar la relación que existe entre la gestión de bienes patrimoniales y el control interno en el Ministerio de Agricultura y Riego, Lima, 2015. La población o universo de interés en esta investigación, estuvo conformada por los trabajadores administrativos de la Oficina General de Administración del Ministerio de Agricultura y Riego, la muestra estuvo constituida por 30 trabajadores del personal que se encuentran pres...

  7. Retos para la política ambiental: el debate internacional sobre el comercio de bienes y servicios ambientales

    OpenAIRE

    Diego Alejandro Martínez Ballesteros

    2006-01-01

    Los lineamientos de la actual política ambiental nacional enfatizan la promoción y el aprovechamiento sostenible de bienes y servicios ambientales. A nivel internacional, el tema se está tratando en la Organización Mundial del Comercio, por el mandato de la Declaración Ministerial de Doha (2001). Así mismo, se encuentra tácitamente en la actual agenda del desarrollo. El debate ha girado alrededor de lograr un acuerdo sobre definiciones y ...

  8. Bienestar subjetivo, renta y bienes relacionales. Los determinantes de la felicidad en España

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Iglesias Vázquez, Emma

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available In the present paper we analyze the determinants of happiness proxying by subjective welfare. The main objective is twofold: on the one hand, to put to the test the Easterlin’s paradox (the lack of a direct relationship between income and subjective wellbeing at aggregate level and, on the other hand, to weight influence of relational goods in determining happiness. The analytical framework adopts the perspective of happiness economics and the empirical evidence is derived from the estimation of a microeconometric function of happiness applying a Logit model both when using cross sectional and panel data. The results show that in Spanish society income plays a secondary and subjective role, while other variables that are associated directly or indirectly to relational goods are revealed to be very important.En el presente trabajo se analizan los determinantes de la felicidad, entendida esta como satisfacción subjetiva revelada. El principal objetivo tiene un doble componente: por un lado, se trata de contrastar la paradoja de Easterlin para la sociedad española (ausencia de un vínculo directo entre el incremento de la renta per capita y la evolución del bienestar subjetivo revelado a nivel agregado y, por otro, evaluar el papel que desempeñan los bienes relacionales como determinantes de la felicidad. El marco analítico adoptado se encuadra dentro de la denominada happiness economics y la evidencia empírica se deriva de la estimación de una función microeconométrica de la felicidad aplicando un modelo Logit tanto en cortes temporales como en datos de panel. Los resultados obtenidos permiten concluir que en España el ingreso desempeña un papel secundario y subjetivo, mientras que se revelan como importantes las variables asociadas directa o indirectamente a los bienes relacionales.

  9. Bienes y servicios ecosistémicos en la planificación y gestión de áreas urbanas consolidadas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rafael Francesconi Latorre

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available En el contexto de una planificación que declara privilegiar los elementos de la estructura ecológica, pero que podría comprometer la provisión de suelos para soportar coberturas que ofrezcan bienes y servicios ecosistémicos, se presenta un aporte a la discusión sobre cómo lograr un balance entre densificación y provisión de estos bienes y servicios, mediante la reconstrucción de la transformación de la cobertura de un segmento de la cuenca del río Fucha en Bogotá en un lapso de 77 años y la verificación de las relaciones de dicha transformación con los instrumentos de planificación y gestión. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren una regulación reactiva, con limitaciones para conducir la ocupación del territorio, de la que se puede esperar una acentuación de la aridez. Estos resultados sustentan las conclusiones sobre la necesidad de replantear la regulación sobre áreas consolidadas e introducir instrumentos de gestión de la cobertura.

  10. Bien faire un cours, un exposé, une conférence

    CERN Document Server

    Brown, George

    1981-01-01

    Le livre de Georges Brown est un livre important pour deux raisons : - Parce qu'il propose à tous les formateurs et enseignants une approche méthodologique de la transmission orale des connaissances. En effet, il ne suffit pas de bien connaître son sujet pour le faire comprendre à son auditoire. Ce livre est conçu pour mener le lecteur pas à pas dans la découverte de son propre style d'explication, de ses points faibles et de ses points forts. - Parce qu'il permet au lecteur, grâce à la pratique des 45 exercices contenus dans l'ouvrage, de faire alterner la réflexion et la performance individuelle avec l'échange d'expériences et l'auto-évaluation des méthodes d'enseignement oral. Ce livre, qui possède toutes les qualités du pragmatisme anglo-saxon, met au service de la formation un outil essentiellement pratique. Il s'adresse donc à tous ceux qui donnent des cours, font des séminaires,ou ont à exposer leurs idées devant un auditoire. EXPLIQUER, C'EST D'ABORD SAVOIR COMMUNIQUER.

  11. Jean-Baptiste Comby (dir.), Enquêter sur l’internationalisation des biens médiatiques et culturels

    OpenAIRE

    Mouchard, Laure

    2018-01-01

    Issu de réflexions menées lors d’un séminaire du Centre d’analyse et de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les médias consacré à l’internationalisation des médias, l’ouvrage dirigé et introduit par Jean-Baptiste Comby prend le parti de « sociologiser » l’étude des phénomènes d’internationalisation des biens médiatiques et culturels, thème que l’auteur estime davantage investi par les historiens, les économistes, les politistes et les sémiologues. En faisant retour sur l’histoire des études de l...

  12. Personal, particular y político: la producción del bien público en la práctica política cotidiana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Victoria Ortiz de Rozas

    Full Text Available Resumo El objetivo del artículo es estudiar, a través de la actividad de quienes ocupan cargos políticos, las prácticas concretas que intervienen en la producción del “bien público”, entendido como la distribución de los bienes públicos hacia los ciudadanos. El interés surge de la tensión entre el comportamiento ideal de los políticos –según reglas universales y públicamente orientadas- y una práctica concreta que implica tener en cuenta problemáticas de ciudadanos y grupos sociales determinados, así como los propios intereses políticos. Se cuestiona la relación entre impersonalidad e interés público, planteando que la distribución personalizada de los bienes públicos no supone necesariamente su apropiación privada. Se presenta el estudio empírico de la actividad cotidiana de diferentes políticos con distintos cargos electivos, pertenecientes al partido gobernante, en la provincia de Santiago del Estero, cuyo régimen político ha sido caracterizado por la importancia de las relaciones personales y la politización de la burocracia. Siguiendo una estrategia metodológica cualitativa- que recurre a las técnicas de las entrevistas en profundidad y a la observación no participante; se reconstruye su actividad política cotidiana y las nociones de los políticos sobre sus propias prácticas; prestando atención a las formas de vinculación con los ciudadanos y con otros políticos y funcionarios. El artículo muestra que las tareas de los políticos provinciales, involucran el contacto personalizado tanto con los ciudadanos, como con funcionarios de distintos niveles de la administración pública, que les permiten viabilizar la distribución de bienes públicos hacia sus representados; actividades principalmente de carácter informal. Se muestra que, aunque los objetos de sus acciones sean ciudadanos y grupos territoriales determinados –lejos de la ciudadanía concebida en forma abstracta-, ello no es

  13. Novel direct factor Xa inhibitory compounds from Tenebrio molitor with anti-platelet aggregation activity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lee, Wonhwa; Kim, Mi-Ae; Park, InWha; Hwang, Jae Sam; Na, MinKyun; Bae, Jong-Sup

    2017-11-01

    Tenebrio molitor is an edible insect that has antimicrobial, anticancer, and antihypertensive effects. The aim of this study was to identify the unreported bioactive compounds from T. molitor larvae with inhibitory activities against factor Xa (FXa) and platelet aggregation. Isolated compounds were evaluated for their anti-FXa and anti-platelet aggregation properties by monitoring clotting time, platelet aggregation, FXa activity, and thrombus formation. A diketopiperazine (1, cyclo( L -Pro- L -Tyr)) and a phenylethanoid (2, N-acetyltyramine) were isolated and inhibited the catalytic activity of FXa in a mixed inhibition model and inhibited platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and U46619. They inhibited ADP- and U46619-induced phosphorylation of myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) and the expression of P-selectin and PAC-1 in platelets. They also improved the production of nitric oxide and inhibited the oversecretion of endothelin-1 compared to that of the ADP- or U46619-treated group. In an animal model of arterial and pulmonary thrombosis, the isolated compounds showed enhanced antithrombotic effects. They also elicited anticoagulant effects in mice. Compounds 1-2 inhibited ADP-, collagen-, or U46619-induced platelet aggregation and showed similar anti-thrombotic efficacy to rivaroxaban, a positive control. Therefore, 1-2 could serve as candidates and provide scaffolds for the development of new anti-FXa and anti-platelet drugs. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  14. The Factor of Structure and Mechanical Properties in the Production of Critical Fixing Hardware 38XA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    G.V. Pachurin

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available Fixing hardware made of carbon, high-carbon, and alloyed wires is one of the widespread critical parts in mechanical engineering. The characteristics of fixtures and fasteners and their performance figures are assessed at all stages of steel-making operation, from the choice of burden stock for metal smelting to the method of preparing calibrated rolled metal parts and upsetting end products. Material used for producing long high-duty bolts must be both sufficiently strong and ductile, have homogeneous mechanical properties and chemistry, and no inner or surface defects. When manufacturing fasteners, hot-rolled metal is often plastically deformed by drafting before cold upsetting, and all unacceptable defects are removed by the expensive procedure of lathe-turning. Moreover, this technology of metal processing entails losses of up to 5.5 % in chips. This paper suggests a resource-efficient and environmentally friendlier fabrication method for calibrated rolled metal items made of steel 38XA, 9.65 mm diameter, for cold die-forging of high-duty bolts used in automotive engines, which helps spare expensive lathe-machining processes. Moreover, rolled steel produced using this technology is characterized by high resistance to plastic deformation when cold, which leads to increase n wear-resistance of tools in cold die-forging of bolts.

  15. Variants, Layers of Authorial Intervention, and Texts in Lope de Vega’s La buena guarda and La encomienda bien guardada autograph manuscript

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Stefania Capoia

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available In this article I study, analyze and classify the variant readings and the different layers of authorial intervention that appear in Lope de Vega’s La buena guarda and La encomienda bien guardada manuscript. I contend that the second version of the work should be edited, a possibility thus far neglected by modern editors.

  16. Low-temperature magnetic ordering in the perovskites Pr 1-xA xCoO 3 (A=Ca, Sr)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Deac, Iosif G.; Tetean, Romulus; Balasz, Istvan; Burzo, Emil

    2010-05-01

    The magnetic and electrical properties of polycrystalline Pr 1-xA xCoO 3 cobaltites with A=Ca, Sr and 0≤ x≤0.5 were studied in the temperature range 4 K≤ T≤1000 K and field up to 7 T. The X-ray analyses show the presence of only one phase having monoclinic or orthorhombic symmetry. The magnetic measurements indicate that the Ca-doped samples have at low temperatures, similar properties to the frustrated magnetic materials. PrCoO 3 is a paramagnetic insulator in the range from 4 to 1000 K. The Sr-doped cobaltites exhibit two phase transitions: a paramagnetic-ferromagnetic (or magnetic phase separated state) phase transition at about 240 K and a second one at about 100 K. The magnetic measurements suggest the presence of magnetic clusters and a change in the nature of magnetic coupling between Co ions at low temperatures. A semiconducting type behavior and high negative magnetoresistance was found for the Ca-doped samples, while the Sr-doped ones were metallic and with negligible magnetoresistance. The results are analyzed in the frame of a phase separation scenario in the presence of the spin-state transitions of Co ions.

  17. La importancia de los bienes públicos en la calidad de vida local: El caso de Manizales, Colombia

    OpenAIRE

    Velasquez, Liliana

    2011-01-01

    Este documento aplica un método diseñado por el BID para el monitoreo de la calidad urbana que se basa en la combinación de dos enfoques: precios hedónicos y satisfacción con la vida. Esta combinación permite efectuar una valoración de los bienes públicos locales tanto desde el punto de vista del mercado como de la utilidad. A diferencia de otros sistemas de monitoreo, éste se concentra en pocas dimensiones (aquellas relacionadas con la habitabilidad del entorno urbano) y ofrece información v...

  18. Retos para el desarrollo de una economía no convencional y perspectivas sobre la valoración de bienes ambientales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alexander Martínez R.

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available La teoría económica se ha dividido claramente en dos grandes narrativas: la economía convencional y la economía no convencional. La primera no solo se caracteriza por su arsenal matemático, sino también por su alta carga ideológica en la perspectiva del liberalismo económico. La segunda es una teoría en construcción, con sendos avances metodológicos y estudios de campo, pero aún se encuentra profundamente cuestionada por la epistemología positivista. Este ensayo pretende abreviar los temas más críticos de aquellas dos teorías económicas, con especial énfasis en los instrumentos analíticos de la economía convencional para valorar bienes ambientales (economía ambiental, y mostrar resumidamente los supuestos teóricos y fortalezas de la economía no convencional (bioeconomía en materia de valoración de bienes ambientales. Finalmente, se propone un modelo de interpretación del mercado que reestructura la noción de Valor Económico Total de la economía ambiental, en una perspectiva bioeconómica.

  19. The global warming, public goods and carbon market; Calentamiento global, bienes publicos y mercado de carbono

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Quadri de la Torre, Gabriel [EcoSecurities (Mexico)

    2007-07-15

    The global warming is an issue of the public goods, and demands an outstanding multilateral action, which must to ensure both efficiency and unchanging transition towards an economy of low intensity of carbon. The new system, which is going to replace the Kyoto Protocol, will have compromises for the developing countries and deep implication in the relative competitivity of the nations and companies. [Spanish] El calentamiento global es un problema de bienes publicos que exige una extraordinaria accion multilateral. Esta debe asegurar eficiencia y una transicion fluida hacia una economia de baja intensidad de carbono. El nuevo sistema que sucedera al Protocolo de Kyoto significara compromisos para los paises en vias de desarrollo, y tendra profundas implicaciones en la competitividad relativa de naciones y empresas.

  20. Sobre los saberes culturales y el fenómeno "sentirse bien-sentirse mal" On cultural knowledge and the phenomenon "feel good-fell bad"

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Virtudes Rodero Sánchez

    2010-09-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo del presente estudio es identificar los saberes culturales inmersos en el fenómeno "sentirse-bien, sentirse mal", en diferentes situaciones de cuidado. Se elaboró un estudio cualitativo con un enfoque fenomenológico interpretativo, mediante el análisis de 18 narrativas a partir de entrevistas en profundidad realizadas por alumnas del Máster en Ciencias de la Enfermería en diferentes contextos de cuidados. Las categorías identificadas fueron: (1 Cronicidad y concepto de sentirse bien-sentirse mal. En la cronicidad este concepto está íntimamente relacionado con la recuperación de las actividades de la vida diaria y es componente importante en la percepción individual del concepto "calidad de vida". (2 Momentos agudos de enfermedad y concepto de sentirse bien-sentirse mal. En el análisis de los relatos del paciente aparecieron aspectos esenciales del fenómeno "sentirse bien-sentirse mal" para aumentar la comprensión de aspectos universales de algunos de sus componentes. Destacar que el fenómeno está íntimamente relacionado con la recuperación de las actividades de la vida diaria, y es un mediador importante en la percepción individual del concepto "calidad de vida". El interés de cara al cuidado es distinguir sus componentes universales, contextualizarlos en la práctica, dentro de las singularidades que presenta cada persona, de modo que nos permita su potenciación. El resultado es un cambio en la experiencia sentida.The object of the present study is to identify cultural knowledges immersed in the feeling-well, feeling-bad phenomenon in different care settings. A qualitative study was undertaken using a phenomenological interpretation approach through a meta-analysis of 18 narratives of profound interviews undertaken by Nursing Science Master Degree Students in different care situations. The categories established were: (1 Chronicity and the concept of feeling well-feeling bad. In this category, this concept is

  1. Los bienes de capital en el Programa de Cooperación e Integración Argentina-Brasil : 1986-1989

    OpenAIRE

    Luchetti, Javier Fernando

    2005-01-01

    El MERCOSUR es constituido como una continuidad del Programa de Integración y Cooperación entre Argentina y Brasil, si bien abandona sus principios fundamentales, cambiando sensiblemente su diseño global y el modelo de integración subyacente. El PICAB se proponía crear un espacio económico común para mejorar el bienestar de los pueblos, mediante una complementación de sectores de las economías de ambos países, según los principios de gradualismo, flexibilidad, selectividad, equilibrio, profun...

  2. Comercio intraindustrial Colombia-Estados Unidos. El caso de los bienes altamente tecnológicos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mora Rodríguez Jhon James

    2011-09-01

    Full Text Available
    Este trabajo analiza el comercio intraindustrial entre Colombia y Estados Unidos entre 1995 y 2005,
    a partir de los datos de BACI (Base pour l’Analyse du Commerce International. En este período,
    9%de los productos que se comercializaron con Estados Unidos correspondieron a comercio
    intraindustrial, y parte de ellos fueron bienes altamente tecnológicos, según la categorización de la
    OECD. El índice de comercio intraindustrial pasó de 6 en 1995 a 23 en 2005 y utilizando pruebas
    de multimodalidad se encuentra que el índice G&L presenta más de una moda, lo cual podría ser el
    resultado de mercados segmentados o múltiples equilibrios, dada la existencia de economías de
    escala en sectores tecnológicamente sofisticados y del aprendizaje en la práctica

  3. El bien jurídico protegido por el delito de trata de personas en el ordenamiento jurídico peruano

    OpenAIRE

    Villarroel Quinde, Carlos Abel

    2017-01-01

    La presente investigación tiene por objeto analizar dogmáticamente el bien jurídico protegido por el delito de trata de personas en el ordenamiento jurídico peruano. Al respecto, existen diversas posturas sobre dicho tópico, lo que determina la poca o nula aplicación del tipo penal de acuerdo al bajo índice de sentencias expedidas por dicho delito en nuestro país. En ese sentido –a partir de un análisis exclusivamente teórico, basado en fuentes jurídicas (normas, jurisprudencia...

  4. Marketing Ético como Fundamento del Bien Común en Organizaciones Humanas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alejandro Fernández Baptista

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Los hombres poseen necesidades que deben ser satisfechas con el objeto de lograr una vida cónsona con los principios básicos de dignificación de la persona humana, alimento, vestido, medicamentos, comunicación, entretenimiento, transporte, entre otras, son algunas de las necesidades básicas que los seres humanos día tras día se esfuerzan por cubrir mediante el trabajo digno, utilizando para ello las potencialidades propias de cada quien. Las organizaciones modernas por medio del marketing como proceso administrativo, pretende lograr la satisfacción de tales necesidades por medio de la identificación oportuna de dichos requerimientos, elaborando productos y servicios que los satisfagan al crear una propuesta de valor superior a tales expectativas. Sin embargo, tal propuesta debería estar inmersa dentro de parámetros éticos y morales, las cuales garanticen la correcta utilización de cada uno de los elementos de la mezcla de mercadotecnia, producto, precio, promoción y la distribución. De esta manera los gerentes de marketing al momento de tomar decisiones éticas sobre estos tópicos, permitirían en desarrollo de organizaciones humanas promotoras del bien común dentro del contexto donde se desenvuelvanPalabras Clave: Marketing ético; Bien Común; Organizaciones Humanas. Marketing Ethical as the Foundation of the Common Wealth on Human OrganizationsAbstractThe people have needs that must be met for a life in keeping with the basic principles of dignification of the human person, food, clothing, medicines, communication, entertainment, transportation, among others, are some of the basic needs of human beings every day strive to cover using decent, using work of their own potential each person. Modern organizations marketing as administrative process aims at achieving the satisfaction of those needs in the timely identification of those requirements, developing products and services satisfying them to create a proposal for a value

  5. Comentarios sobre el documento de la UNESCO “Replantear la educación. ¿Hacia un bien común mundial?”.

    OpenAIRE

    Pinto-Guerra, Gustavo

    2016-01-01

    La Unesco, a finales del 2015, en el documento “Replantear la educación ¿Hacia un bien común mundial?”, dimensiona las características para el funcionamiento y propósito del sistema educativo a nivel mundial, basadas en el fortalecimiento del respeto a las diversidades y las necesidades del contexto particular en el que se desarrollan los contenidos educativos. Esto solo es posible si se fortalecen valores cooperativos como, por ejemplo, la solidaridad, y se elimina la idea de la competencia,...

  6. Transport and bioaccumulation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans at the Bien Hoa Agent Orange hotspot in Vietnam.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Van Thuong, Nguyen; Hung, Nguyen Xuan; Mo, Nguyen Thi; Thang, Nguyen Manh; Huy, Pham Quang; Van Binh, Hoang; Nam, Vu Duc; Van Thuy, Nguyen; Son, Le Ke; Minh, Nguyen Hung

    2015-10-01

    The Bien Hoa airbase (south of Vietnam) is known as one of the Agent Orange hotspots which have been seriously contaminated by Agent Orange/dioxin during the Vietnam War. Hundreds of samples including soil, sediment and fish were collected at the Bien Hoa Agent Orange hotspot for assessment of the environmental contamination caused by dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). The toxicity equivalency quotient (TEQ) concentration of PCDD/Fs in soil and sediment varied from 7.6 to 962,000 and 17 to 4860 pg/g dry wt, respectively, implying very high contamination of PCDD/Fs in several areas. PCDD/F levels in fish ranged between 1.8 and 288 pg/g TEQ wet wt and was generally higher than advisory guidelines for food consumption. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (2,3,7,8-TCDD) contributed 66-99 % of TEQ for most of the samples, suggesting 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) from Agent Orange as the major source of the contamination. The vertical transport of PCDD/Fs was observed in soil column with high TEQ levels above 1000 pg/g dry wt (Vietnamese limit for necessary remediation activities- TCVN 8183:2009 (2009)) even at a depth of 1.8 m. The vertical transport of PCDD/Fs has probably mainly taken place during the "Ranch Hand" defoliant spray activities due to the leaks and spills of phenoxy herbicides and solvents. The congener patterns suggest that transports of PCDD/Fs by weathering processes have led to their redistribution in the low-land areas. Also, an estimate for the total volume of contaminated soil requiring remediation to meet Vietnamese regulatory limits is provided.

  7. De las cenizas a la Red: el Periodismo como bien común

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Carlos Sendín Gutiérrez

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available Sampedro nos ofrece y comparte –porque el libro se puede leer en partes también en la red– no sólo y fundamentalmente un alegato a favor del periodismo, sino además, una defensa de un nuevo poder ciudadano y de una nueva democracia. Desde las primeras líneas el lector se siente sacudido por el alto voltaje de los datos, los personajes y el análisis perspicaz de la transformación social que parece apuntarse, pero que hasta ahora nadie había sabido traducir en palabras. Palabras que a veces parecen querer levantar por las solapas al que lee, como diciendo, “entérate, está pasando ahora y es importante que lo descubras”, mientras desarrolla ideas a las que vuelve y recalca, pasados los capítulos, en un ejercicio circular que pretende dejar clara –y lo consigue– la tesis central: ya existe una nueva forma de periodismo entendido como bien común (sí, al igual que el agua o el aire que respiramos, libre, de código abierto y mancomunado. Aire nuevo para una sociedad desencantada, para un periodismo en busca de modelos y para unas aulas donde se forman los futuros profesionales en una universidad maltratada, pero quizá por ello, también sumida en la conformidad de un saber rutinario.

  8. Pathotype profile of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae isolates from North Sumatera

    Science.gov (United States)

    Noer, Z.; Hasanuddin; Lisnawita; Suryanto, D.

    2018-02-01

    The Bacterial blight disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is one of the most important diseases and has caused crop failure in rice crops. This pathogen infects the leaves in all plant growth phases. The purpose of this study is to investigation 10 Xoo isolates pathotype obtained from North Sumatra based on their interactions with 10 near-isogenic rice lines (NIL) of IRRI. The results showed that there are 6 pathotypes of virulence in North Sumatra, they are; pathotype I with incompatible interaction to all Xa genes, pathotype II with compatible interaction to Xa1 and Xa3 genes, while it has incompatible interaction to other genes, pathotype III with compatible interaction to Xa1, Xa5, Xa7, Xa8, Xa10 and Xa11 genes, but it has incompatible interaction to other genes, pathotype IV with compatible interaction to all Xa genes, pathotype V with compatible interaction to Xa1 gene and incompatible interaction to other genes, and pathotype VI with compatible interaction to Xa3 gene and incompatible interaction to other genes. Based on the resistant genes in each individual Xa2, Xa4, and Xa21 genes are the combination of Xa genes which are most suitable for use in the development of rice cultivars in North Sumatra.

  9. Anticoagulant effects of inhaled unfractionated heparin in the dog as determined by partial thromboplastin time and factor Xa activity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Manion, Jill S; Thomason, John M; Langston, Vernon C; Claude, Andrew K; Brooks, Marjory B; Mackin, Andrew J; Lunsford, Kari V

    2016-01-01

    To evaluate the anticoagulant effects of inhaled heparin in dogs. This study was conducted in 3 phases. In phase 1, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALf) was collected to generate an in vitro calibration curve to relate heparin concentration to the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). In phase 2, heparin was administered via nebulization to determine the threshold dose needed to prolong systemic aPTT. In phase 3, the local anticoagulant activity of inhaled heparin was determined by measurement of BALf anti-Xa activity and aPTT. University teaching hospital. Six healthy intact female Walker Hounds were used in this study. Two dogs were used for each phase. Inhaled unfractionated sodium heparin was administered in doses ranging from 50,000 to 200,000 IU. In vitro addition of heparin to BALf caused a prolongation in aPTT. Inhaled heparin at doses as high as 200,000 IU failed to prolong systemic aPTT, and a threshold dose could not be determined. No significant local anticoagulant effects were detected. Even at doses higher than those known to be effective in people, inhaled heparin appears to have no detectable local or systemic anticoagulant effects in dogs with the current delivery method. © Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Society 2015.

  10. ENAJENACIÓN DE BIENES COMUNALES Y COLONIZACIÓN RURAL EN REQUENA. SIGLO XVIII

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Piqueras Haba

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Durante el siglo XVIII tuvo lugar en el municipio de Requena un proceso de colonización agraria por establecimiento de familias sobre unos territorios hasta entonces prácticamente deshabitados. El poblamiento y la misma colonización fue hecha a expensas de los bienes omunales, dehesas y montes blancos, gestionados por el Concejo de la villa de Requena, cuyos responsables no sólo malvendieron y toleraron la usurpación particular de los terrenos oncejiles, sino que fueron parte interesada en la misma, hasta el punto de acaparar la mayor parte de las tierras baldías. Al mismo tiempo el reparto, la enajenación y la adquisición de las dehesas concejiles por varias docenas de colonos dieron origen a que sobre aquellas fértiles tierras se desarrollaran luego muchas de las aldeas que hoy componen el paisaje rural del término. En menos de un siglo el ayuntamiento quedó privado de más de 60.000 hectáreas, de las que unas 20.000 fueron ganadas para la agricultura por colonos labradores cuyo número aumentó de sólo 80 en 1667 a 161 en 1731 y a 752 en 1831.

  11. The Role of RaxST, a Prokaryotic Sulfotransferase, and RaxABC, a Putative Type I Secretion System, in Activation of the Rice XA21-Mediated Immune Response

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pamela C. Ronald

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Tyrosine sulfation is an important posttranslational modification that determines the outcome of serious diseases in plants and animals. We have recently demonstrated that the plant pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo carries a functional sulfotransferase (RaxST. raxST is required for activation of rice Xa21-mediated immunity indicating the critical, but unknown, function of raxST in mediating the Xoo/rice interaction. The raxST gene resides in the same operon (raxSTAB as components of a predicted type I secretion and processing system (RaxA and RaxB. These observations suggest a model where RaxST sulfates a molecule that contains a leader peptide, which is cleaved by the peptidase domain of the RaxB protein and secreted outside the bacterial cell by the RaxABC T1SS.

  12. Producción y percepción de bienes públicos en la lógica de la acción colectiva

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jordana, Jacint

    2007-04-01

    Full Text Available Public goods having different proprieties produce different problems of collective action. This hypothesis has been discussed from different analytical perspectives and we examine their arguments, aiming to deepen our theoretical understanding about the logic of collective action. In this paper we look for similarities and differences regarding their use of concepts and expected results. Simultaneously, we examine the link between different public goods and the interdependent behavior of individuals. To this purpose, we also revisit the connections between production functions and consumption types in the case of public goods, as a mean to explore the potential development of more elaborated models in the theory of collective action, and suggest that more empirical contrast of these models is needed. Finally, we argue the importance for theoretical discussions to include a discussion about the impact of perception in the collective action models, considering systematic deviations to rational choice, and conclude that no single theory may address all collective action problems, but systematic patterns of behavior may be identified and empirically confirmed.

    Bienes públicos con distintas propiedades generan problemas diferentes de acción colectiva. Esta hipótesis ha sido discutida, desde distintas perspectivas analíticas, con el objeto de profundizar teóricamente sobre la lógica de la acción colectiva. En este trabajo se revisan las aportaciones recientes a esta cuestión, analizando sus puntos de encuentro y sus divergencias en cuanto a conceptos y resultados esperados. Asimismo, se examina la relación entre tipos distintos de bienes públicos y el comportamiento interdependiente de los individuos. Con este fin, los vínculos entre las funciones de producción y las formas de consumo de bienes públicos también son considerados, ya que permite desarrollar modelos más ambiciosos sobre la lógica de la acción colectiva. Finalmente

  13. Pluralismo y bien común en el derecho constitucional

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pablo Nuevo

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available En el presente artículo, el profesor Pablo Nuevo analiza las consecuencias que el abandono de la doctrina del bien común tiene en el derecho constitucional, a partir del estudio de la incoporación de valores al ordenamiento jurídico que realiza la Constitución Española de 1978. Esta incorporación parecería dotar de contenido material a la Constitución, que pasa a estar al servicio de la dignidad de la persona y de los valores de justicia, libertad, igualdad y pluralismo político. No obstante esta positivación de un orden axiológico, a juicio de Nuevo, el entendiminiento que el Tribunal Constitucional ha realizado del valor pluralismo contribuye a debilitar el propio Estado constitucional pues el Tribunal, de la mano del principio democrático y de la soberanía popular, ha interpretado el valor pluralismo como relativismo, negando a los valores un fundamento más allá del consenso. Entender el pluralismo como igual legitimidad de toda representación del hombre y del mundo, que funda un derecho a seguir dicha concepción en todos los aspectos de la vida social, favorece que los postulados de la Constitución sean entendidos como significantes sin significado, debiendo éste ser construido a partir del principio mayoritario, lo que conduce tanto al debilitamiento de los derechos fundamentales, como a la progresiva erosión de las condiciones sociales en que puede favorecer el Estado constitucional. Como subraya el autor, el Estado moderno vive de presupuestos que no puede crear, pero sí en todo caso destruir. De igual manera, para el profesor el constitucionalismo liberal, pluralista e individualista de nuestros tiempos, carece de herramientas conceptuales para solucionar las aporías que plantea las sociedades occidentales de nuestro tiempo, que se debaten entre el miedo al Leviatán y la inseguridad de un mundo anómico. El autor sostiene que solo con una vuelta a la ley natural es posible ordenar la vida política de manera que

  14. Computational investigation of potential dosing schedules for a switch of medication from warfarin to rivaroxaban-an oral, direct Factor Xa inhibitor.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Burghaus, Rolf; Coboeken, Katrin; Gaub, Thomas; Niederalt, Christoph; Sensse, Anke; Siegmund, Hans-Ulrich; Weiss, Wolfgang; Mueck, Wolfgang; Tanigawa, Takahiko; Lippert, Jörg

    2014-01-01

    The long-lasting anticoagulant effect of vitamin K antagonists can be problematic in cases of adverse drug reactions or when patients are switched to another anticoagulant therapy. The objective of this study was to examine in silico the anticoagulant effect of rivaroxaban, an oral, direct Factor Xa inhibitor, combined with the residual effect of discontinued warfarin. Our simulations were based on the recommended anticoagulant dosing regimen for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation. The effects of the combination of discontinued warfarin plus rivaroxaban were simulated using an extended version of a previously validated blood coagulation computer model. A strong synergistic effect of the two distinct mechanisms of action was observed in the first 2-3 days after warfarin discontinuation; thereafter, the effect was close to additive. Nomograms for the introduction of rivaroxaban therapy after warfarin discontinuation were derived for Caucasian and Japanese patients using safety and efficacy criteria described previously, together with the coagulation model. The findings of our study provide a mechanistic pharmacologic rationale for dosing schedules during the therapy switch from warfarin to rivaroxaban and support the switching strategies as outlined in the Summary of Product Characteristics and Prescribing Information for rivaroxaban.

  15. Computational investigation of potential dosing schedules for a switch of medication from warfarin to rivaroxaban—an oral, direct Factor Xa inhibitor

    Science.gov (United States)

    Burghaus, Rolf; Coboeken, Katrin; Gaub, Thomas; Niederalt, Christoph; Sensse, Anke; Siegmund, Hans-Ulrich; Weiss, Wolfgang; Mueck, Wolfgang; Tanigawa, Takahiko; Lippert, Jörg

    2014-01-01

    The long-lasting anticoagulant effect of vitamin K antagonists can be problematic in cases of adverse drug reactions or when patients are switched to another anticoagulant therapy. The objective of this study was to examine in silico the anticoagulant effect of rivaroxaban, an oral, direct Factor Xa inhibitor, combined with the residual effect of discontinued warfarin. Our simulations were based on the recommended anticoagulant dosing regimen for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation. The effects of the combination of discontinued warfarin plus rivaroxaban were simulated using an extended version of a previously validated blood coagulation computer model. A strong synergistic effect of the two distinct mechanisms of action was observed in the first 2–3 days after warfarin discontinuation; thereafter, the effect was close to additive. Nomograms for the introduction of rivaroxaban therapy after warfarin discontinuation were derived for Caucasian and Japanese patients using safety and efficacy criteria described previously, together with the coagulation model. The findings of our study provide a mechanistic pharmacologic rationale for dosing schedules during the therapy switch from warfarin to rivaroxaban and support the switching strategies as outlined in the Summary of Product Characteristics and Prescribing Information for rivaroxaban. PMID:25426077

  16. Sobre los saberes culturales y el fenómeno "sentirse bien-sentirse mal" On cultural knowledge and the phenomenon "feel good-fell bad"

    OpenAIRE

    Virtudes Rodero Sánchez; Carme Vives Relats; Sagrario Acebedo Urdiales; Carme Ferré Grau

    2010-01-01

    El objetivo del presente estudio es identificar los saberes culturales inmersos en el fenómeno "sentirse-bien, sentirse mal", en diferentes situaciones de cuidado. Se elaboró un estudio cualitativo con un enfoque fenomenológico interpretativo, mediante el análisis de 18 narrativas a partir de entrevistas en profundidad realizadas por alumnas del Máster en Ciencias de la Enfermería en diferentes contextos de cuidados. Las categorías identificadas fueron: (1) Cronicidad y concepto de sentirse b...

  17. Valoración de los bienes y servicios que presta la agricultura. Aplicación al sistema agrario de la huerta de valencia

    OpenAIRE

    Marqués Pérez, Inmaculada

    2013-01-01

    Con esta investigación hemos pretendido contribuir al reconocimiento de la multifuncionalidad de la agricultura, defendiendo una actividad que desempeña una función económica, a la vez que otras funciones relativas la protección del medio ambiente y del paisaje, a la conservación del patrimonio cultural, a la mejora de los aspectos de equilibrio social, así como la posibilidad de proveer servicios recreativos. Estas funciones generan bienes y servicios que no tienen mercad...

  18. La repercusión del valor razonable de los bienes inmuebles en la utilidad de los estados financieros: una nota de investigación

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrés Navarro Galera

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available La elección en la reciente reforma contable española del criterio de valor razonable en lugar del coste histórico como base de valoración para determinados activos ha generado cierta controversia. Este trabajo estudia la posible incidencia de la adopción del valor razonable para el registro contable de los bienes inmuebles sobre la relevancia y la fiabilidad de la información financiera. El estudio empírico está basado en una encuesta sobre las percepciones de 151 responsables de la contabilidad de empresas españolas del sector de la construcción sobre la utilidad y fiabilidad de la información financiera basada en el valor razonable. El análisis de los resultados nos ha permitido concluir que, respecto al coste histórico, los responsables de contabilidad perciben que el valor razonable de los bienes inmuebles generaría estados financieros más útiles para representar la imagen fiel del patrimonio de la empresa. No obstante, los encuestados conciben la información financiera bajo valor razonable como menos objetiva y verificable. Asimismo, hemos comprobado que el tamaño de la empresa puede influir en la opinión de la repercusión del valor razonable sobre la relevancia y fiabilidad de los estados financieros.

  19. El tratamiento de los bienes y servicios que aporta la biodiversidad en manuales de la educación secundaria española: un estudio epistemológico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gonzalo Miguel Angel Bermúdez

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo estudia el tratamiento del concepto de servicios ecosistémicos en libros de texto de la educación secundaria obligatoria (ESO y bachillerato de España. Con el objetivo de definir su marco conceptual se recopilaron publicaciones científicas de la “comunidad de expertos”, que actúa de referente epistemológico en el proceso de transposición didáctica. El concepto de servicios ecosistémicos estuvo presente sólo en el 10 % de los manuales analizados (de un total de 50; sin embargo, en la mayoría de ellos se mencionó algún bien o servicio (sobre todo en libros de ciencias de la tierra y medioambientales. Estos resultados se relacionan con la ausencia de la conceptualización en el currículo español. Los servicios “directos” de los ecosistemas fueron tratados con mayor frecuencia que los “indirectos”. Aun así, se encontró un centrismo en las selvas tropicales como las únicas proveedoras de bienes, y escasa representación de los servicios sociales y culturales de la biodiversidad.

  20. Modeling the reduction of gross lithium erosion observed under high-flux deuterium bombardment

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Abrams, T.; Jaworski, M. A.; Kaita, R.; Nichols, J. H.; Stotler, D. P.; De Temmerman, G.; van den Berg, M. A.; van der Meiden, H. J.; Morgan, T. W.

    2015-01-01

    Abstract Both thin (<1&#xa0;μm) and thick (∼500&#xa0;μm) lithium films under high-flux deuterium and neon plasma bombardment were studied in the linear plasma device Magnum-PSI at ion fluxes >1024&#xa0;m−2&#xa0;s−1 and surface temperatures <700&#xa0;°C.

  1. Deuterium-induced nanostructure formation on tungsten exposed to high-flux plasma

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Xu, H.Y.; De Temmerman, G.; Luo, G. N.; Jia, Y. Z.; Yuan, Y.; Fu, B. Q.; Godfrey, A.; Liu, W.

    2015-01-01

    Surface topography of polycrystalline tungsten (W) have been examined after exposure to a low-energy (38&#xa0;eV/D), high-flux (∼1.1–1.5&#xa0;×&#xa0;1024&#xa0;m−2&#xa0;s−1) deuterium plasma in the Pilot-PSI linear plasma device. The methods used were scanning electron microscopy

  2. Los bienes de las parroquias altoaragonesas en el Museo de Lérida : de sentencias e intenciones

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María José Navarro Bometón

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available En 1995, tras la reforma de los límites diocesanos entre las antiguas sedes episcopales de Lérida y Barbastro, se ponía en marcha un litigio canónico por la propiedad de los bienes artísticos procedentes de las parroquias altoaragonesas que, desde finales del siglo XIX, fueron trasladados al Museo del Seminario ilerdense, después Museo Diocesano. La Nunciatura Apostólica decretó en 1998 que las piezas estaban en Lérida a título de depósito y que la propiedad pertenecía a las parroquias que habían pasado a formar parte de la diócesis de Barbastro-Monzón. El litigio canónico se zanjó en 2007, pero actualmente las piezas protagonizan varias causas en los tribunales civiles, entre las que destacan las abiertas por dos ayuntamientos cuyas parroquias pertenecen, desde 1955, a la diócesis de Huesca. Algunos de los bienes en litigio tienen un notable valor artístico, pero es su valor como símbolo histórico y de identidad, como herencia del esfuerzo y de la devoción de unas comunidades rurales, lo que reclaman los aragoneses. Así mismo, las instituciones catalanas, abogan por la propiedad de unas piezas cuya conservación fue posible gracias a la labor del obispado de Lérida.In 1995 after the reform of the diocesan boundaries between the former Episcopal sees of Lérida and Barbastro a canonical dispute was initiated in order to establish the property of the artistic goods from the High Aragon, which at the end of the 19th century were moved to the Seminary Museum of Lerida, called afterwards Diocesan Museum. The Apostolic Nunciature decreed in 1998 that the pieces were in Lérida in storage and that they belonged to the parishes which had formed part of the diocese Barbastro- Monzón. The canonical dispute ended in 2007, but the pieces are involved presently in several civil court cases, among which are those opened by two councils whose parishes belong since 1955 to the Diocese of Huesca. Some of the historical and disputed

  3. Anticoagulant activity in salivary glands of the insect vector Culicoides variipennis sonorensis by an inhibitor of factor Xa.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pérez de León, A A; Valenzuela, J G; Tabachnick, W J

    1998-02-01

    Blood feeding by the insect vector Culicoides variipennis sonorensis involves laceration of superficial host tissues, an injury that would be expected to trigger the coagulation cascade. Accordingly, the salivary glands of C.v. sonorensis were examined for the presence of an antihemostatic that prevents blood coagulation. Assays using salivary gland extracts showed a delay in the recalcification time of plasma devoid of platelets, indicating the presence of anticoagulant activity. Retardation in the formation of a fibrin clot was also observed after the addition of tissue factor to plasma that was preincubated with salivary gland extracts. Similarly, an inhibitory effect by salivary gland extracts was detected in assays that included factors of the intrinsic pathway. Inhibition of the catalytic activity of purified factor Xa toward its chromogenic substrate suggested that it was the target of the salivary anticoagulant of C.v. sonorensis. This was corroborated by the coincidence of anticoagulant and anti-FXa activities obtained by reverse-phase HPLC. The depletion of anti-FXa activity from salivary glands during blood feeding suggests that the FXa inhibitor functions as anticoagulant. Molecular sieving HPLC yielded an apparent molecular mass of 28 kDa for the salivary FXa inhibitor of C.v. sonorensis. Preventing the formation of thrombin through the inhibition of FXa likely facilitates blood feeding by maintaining the pool of blood fluid at the feeding site. The salivary FXa inhibitor of C.v. sonorensis could impair the network of host-defense mechanisms in the skin microenvironment by avoiding blood coagulation at the site of feeding.

  4. Valoración económica de bienes públicos: estudio de caso del río Lerma, La Piedad, Michoacán

    OpenAIRE

    Gómez Sántiz, Faustino; Guerrero García Rojas, Hilda R.

    2015-01-01

    El tramo del río Lerma, que atraviesa la zona metropolitana de La Piedad de Cabadas, Michoacán-Santa Ana Pacueco, Guanajuato, tiene una longitud de 12.8 km. Actualmente está convertido en un canal de desechos, que ha incidido en la aparición de fuertes problemas de salud pública. En este estudio se utilizó el método de valoración contingente y el modelo logit para determinar el valor económico total de este bien ambiental, y para analizar las variables de la decisión sobre la disposición a pa...

  5. Model-Based Illumination Correction for Face Images in Uncontrolled Scenarios

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Boom, B.J.; Spreeuwers, Lieuwe Jan; Veldhuis, Raymond N.J.

    2009-01-01

    Face Recognition under uncontrolled illumination conditions is partly an unsolved problem. Several illumination correction methods have been proposed, but these are usually tested on illumination conditions created in a laboratory. Our focus is more on uncontrolled conditions. We use the Phong model

  6. Nucleotide diversity analysis of three major bacterial blight resistance genes in rice.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Waikhom Bimolata

    Full Text Available Nucleotide sequence polymorphisms among R gene alleles influence the process of co-evolutionary interaction between host and pathogen by shaping the response of host plants towards invading pathogens. Here, we present the DNA sequence polymorphisms and diversities present among natural alleles of three rice bacterial blight resistance genes, Xa21, Xa26 and xa5. The diversity was examined across different wild relatives and cultivars of Oryza species. Functional significance of selected alleles was evaluated through semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and real time PCR. The greatest nucleotide diversity and singleton variable sites (SVS were present in Xa26 (π = 0.01958; SVS = 182 followed by xa5 and Xa21 alleles. The highest frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms were observed in Xa21 alleles and least in xa5. Transition bias was observed in all the genes and 'G' to 'A' transitions were more favored than other form of transitions. Neutrality tests failed to show the presence of selection at these loci, though negative Tajima's D values indicate the presence of a rare form of polymorphisms. At the interspecies level, O. nivara exhibited more diversity than O. sativa. We have also identified two nearly identical resistant alleles of xa5 and two sequentially identical alleles of Xa21. The alleles of xa5 showed basal levels of expression while Xa21 alleles were functionally not expressed.

  7. NSR superstring measures revisited

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Morozov, A.

    2008-01-01

    Review of remarkable progress in evaluation of NSR superstring measures, originated by E.D'Hoker and D.Phong. These recent results are presented in the old-fashioned form, what allows to highlight the options which have been overlooked in original considerations in late 1980's.

  8. Free vibration of elastically supported thin cylinders including gyroscopic effects

    CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

    Loveday, PW

    1998-10-29

    Full Text Available [ The equations D[R[ 747723 JSV 106:2 "Issue# MS 1560 VIBRATION OF THIN CYLINDERS 442 required for this procedure\\ including the gyroscopic terms\\ are included in Appendix A[ The displacement functions can then be written as follows] W"x# C0 cosh a0xa C1 sinh a0... xa C2 cos g1xa C3 sin g1xa epx:a0C4 cos qxa C5 sin qxa 1 e px:a0C6 cos qxa C7 sin qxa 1 "6a# V"x# A0C0 cosh a0xa A0C1 sinh a0xa A2C2 cos g1xa A2C3 sin g1xa epx:a$"A4C4 A5C5# cos qxa "A4C5 A5C4# sin qxa % e px:a$"A4C6 A5C7# cos...

  9. Ingresos y bienes en la vejez, un acercamiento a la configuración de la seguridad económica de los adultos mayores mexiquenses

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mariana MADRIGAL-MARTÍNEZ

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available El propósito del artículo es establecer la conformación de la seguridad económica de la población adulta mayor mexiquense con base en las fuentes de ingreso y bienes a las que tiene acceso. Los resultados de la encuesta ESEDEM 2008 comprueban la hipótesis de que la seguridad económica está fuertemente relacionada con el perfil sociodemográfico del adulto mayor y muestra serias desventajas para los grupos que presentan características asociadas con mayores niveles de exclusión.

  10. La opacidad de los acuerdos generales de bienes y servicios en España Opacity of general agreements on goods and services in Spain

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Román Andrés Umaña Peña

    2006-06-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Explorar la intensidad del debate parlamentario sobre el Acuerdo General de Comercio de Servicios (AGCS asumido por España ante la Organización Mundial del Comercio (OMC, y compararla con la del Acuerdo General de Bienes (GATT. Métodos: Búsqueda sistemática y análisis del contenido de todas las iniciativas parlamentarias sobre AGCS y GATT realizadas entre 1979 y 2004 en el Congreso de los Diputados y el Senado. Se calculó la frecuencia y porcentaje de iniciativas parlamentarias de ambos temas, resultado de su tramitación y tipo de iniciativa. Resultados: Se presentaron 185 iniciativas parlamentarias sobre los acuerdos multilaterales de bienes y servicios, de las que 120 se referían al GATT, 8 al AGCS y 57 a ambos acuerdos. La mayoría de las iniciativas no fueron discutidas (GATT, 71%; GATS, 55,4% o estuvieron sujetas a un debate político en el que apenas se dieron intervenciones por parte de los grupos parlamentarios. Conclusiones: A pesar de las implicaciones del acuerdo multilateral de servicios para la política sanitaria española, éste se ha asumido con escaso debate parlamentario previo, incluso menos que en el caso de su homólogo sobre bienes. Se requiere en este tema una intensificación de la función de control al gobierno.Objective: To explore the intensity of the debate in the Spanish Parliament on the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS developed by Spain and the World Trade Organization, and to compare it with the debate on the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT. Methods: A systematic search and content analysis were performed of all parliamentary initiatives on GATS and GATT undertaken from 1979 to 2004 in the Spanish Parliament and Senate. The frequency and percentages of initiatives on both issues were calculated, and the final result and kinds of initiative were analyzed. Results: A total of 185 initiatives were presented in the Spanish Parliament on these agreements, of which 120 were

  11. Activated factor X signaling via protease-activated receptor 2 suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokine production from LPS-stimulated myeloid cells.

    LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

    Gleeson, Eimear M

    2013-07-19

    Vitamin K-dependent proteases generated in response to vascular injury and infection enable fibrin clot formation, but also trigger distinct immuno-regulatory signaling pathways on myeloid cells. Factor Xa, a protease crucial for blood coagulation, also induces protease-activated receptor-dependent cell signaling. Factor Xa can bind both monocytes and macrophages, but whether factor Xa-dependent signaling stimulates or suppresses myeloid cell cytokine production in response to Toll-like receptor activation is not known. In this study, exposure to factor Xa significantly impaired pro-inflammatory cytokine production from lipopolysaccharide-treated peripheral blood mononuclear cells, THP-1 monocytic cells and murine macrophages. Furthermore, factor Xa inhibited nuclear factor-kappa B activation in THP-1 reporter cells, requiring phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase activity for its anti-inflammatory effect. Active-site blockade, γ-carboxyglutamic acid domain truncation and a peptide mimic of the factor Xa inter-epidermal growth factor-like region prevented factor Xa inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced tumour necrosis factor-α release. In addition, factor Xa anti-inflammatory activity was markedly attenuated by the presence of an antagonist of protease-activated receptor 2, but not protease-activated receptor 1. The key role of protease-activated receptor 2 in eliciting factor Xa-dependent anti-inflammatory signaling on macrophages was further underscored by the inability of factor Xa to mediate inhibition of tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 release from murine bone marrow-derived protease-activated receptor 2-deficient macrophages. We also show for the first time that, in addition to protease-activated receptor 2, factor Xa requires a receptor-associated protein-sensitive low-density lipoprotein receptor to inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine production. Collectively, this study supports a novel function for factor Xa as an endogenous, receptor

  12. Xanthium italicum, Xanthium strumarium and Arctium lappa as new hosts for Diaporthe helianthi.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vrandecic, Karolina; Jurkovic, Drazenka; Riccioni, Luca; Cosic, Jasenka; Duvnjak, Tomislav

    2010-07-01

    Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) stem canker caused by Diaporthe helianthi is one of the most important sunflower diseases in Croatia. Until recently, sunflower was the only known host for D. helianthi. In our research carried out in the area of Eastern Croatia, isolates of Diaporthe/Phomospis were collected from Xanthium italicum, X. strumarium and Arctium lappa. Using morphological, cultural and molecular ITS rDNA data, isolates from these weeds were identified as D. helianthi. The following isolates were used in the pathogenicity test: one isolate originated from sunflower (Su5/04), three from X. italicum (Xa2, Xa3 and Xa5), two from X. strumarium (Xa9 and Xa12), one from Xanthium sp. (Xa13) and one from A. lappa (Ar3). According to the results, it was determined that isolate Xa5 (originated from X. italicum) was the most pathogenic to sunflower stems. The average length of the lesion was 11.3 cm. The lowest level of pathogenicity was found in Xa9 (isolated from X. strumarium). The length of the lesion was 0.1 cm.

  13. Bulletin of Materials Science | Indian Academy of Sciences

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Author Affiliations. N D Sang1 P H Quang2 L T Tu2 D T B Hop2. National University of Civil Engineering, 55 Giai Phong Street, Hai Ba Trung, Hanoi, Vietnam; Hanoi University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Vietnam ...

  14. Ambivalencias de la migración y el retorno en contextos rurales de Chiapas: Entre las multas y el bien común

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Germán MARTÍNEZ VELASCO

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Convertirse en migrante internacional en el ámbito de una comunidad indígena chiapaneca entra en tensión con los sistemas normativos que en nombre del bien común reclaman participación de sus miembros. Rehusar a cubrir tareas civiles será aceptado mediante el pago de una multa por el candidato a emigrar. De ahí la existencia de esta instancia comunitaria en la regulación de la migración. El retorno pasa por la calificación comunitaria, además de que las iniciativas de los retornados se ven limitadas. Todo lo anterior ocurre en comunidades, en donde la membresía a una comunidad entraña un lazo de identificación cultural.

  15. Palpitando la modernidad: el negocio de bienes raíces en Cali (Colombia) a partir del caso de Jorge Garcés Borrero, 1900-1944

    OpenAIRE

    María Fernanda Erazo Obando

    2014-01-01

    El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar el movimiento de compra y venta de bienes raíces en Cali (Colombia) durante la primera mitad del siglo XX. Para ello, se toma como referencia la empresa del comerciante Jorge Garcés Borrero, la cual, se enfocó principalmente en la ejecución de este tipo de negocios. Dicha empresa, a pesar de no haberse constituido legal y jurídicamente, presentó las características de una compañía como tal, generando importantes inversiones y ganancias a partir de...

  16. Perspectivas del crecimiento urbano: la actividad comercial minorista y el transporte de bienes en la Zona Metropolitana de Querétaro (México

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eduardo Betanzo-Quezada

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Se muestran las perspectivas del crecimiento urbano, la actividad comercial minorista y su relación transversal con el transporte de bienes en la Zona Metropolitana de Querétaro (México. Con una metodología de análisis de información estadística de tipo agregado, se examinan esos determinantes con el objetivo de revelar sus tendencias en la ciudad. El paralelismo encontrado en las tendencias de comportamiento de los determinantes examinados conduce a concluir que es cada vez más necesario conectar al transporte urbano de carga con la planeación económica y urbana, y ubicarlo dentro de las prioridades de las administraciones gubernamentales.

  17. The effects of blood feeding and exogenous supply of tryptophan on the quantities of xanthurenic acid in the salivary glands of Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Okech, Bernard; Arai, Meiji; Matsuoka, Hiroyuki

    2006-03-24

    Xanthurenic acid (XA), produced as a byproduct during the biosynthesis of insect eye pigment (ommochromes), is a strong inducer of Plasmodium gametogenesis at very low concentrations. In previous studies, it was shown that XA is present in Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquito salivary glands and that during blood feeding the mosquitoes ingested their own saliva into the midgut. Considering these two facts together, it is therefore likely that XA is discharged with saliva during blood feeding and is swallowed into the midgut where it exerts its effect on Plasmodium gametocytes. However, the quantities of XA in the salivary glands and midgut are unknown. In this study, we used high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection to detect and quantify XA in the salivary glands and midgut. Based on the results of this study, we found 0.28+/-0.05 ng of XA in the salivary glands of the mosquitoes, accounting for 10% of the total XA content in the mosquito whole body. The amounts of XA in the salivary glands reduced to 0.13+/-0.06 ng after mosquitoes ingested a blood meal. Approximately 0.05+/-0.01 ng of XA was detected in the midgut of nonblood fed An. stephensi mosquitoes. By adding synthetic tryptophan as a source of XA into larval rearing water (2 mM) or in sugar meals (10 mM), we evaluated whether XA levels in the mosquito (salivary glands, midgut, and whole body) were boosted and the subsequent effect on infectivity of Plasmodium berghei in the treated mosquito groups. A female specific increase in XA content was observed in the whole body and in the midgut of mosquito groups where tryptophan was added either in the larval water or sugar meals. However, XA in the salivary glands was not affected by tryptophan addition to larval water, and surprisingly it reduced when tryptophan was added to sugar meals. The P. berghei oocyst loads in the mosquito midguts were lower in mosquitoes fed tryptophan treated sugar meals than in mosquitoes

  18. Functional Marker Assisted Improvement of Stable Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Lines of Rice for Bacterial Blight Resistance

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jegadeesan Ramalingam

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available Bacterial blight (BB, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae is one among the major diseases in rice, which in severe condition cause losses up to 60% in total yield. Marker assisted pyramiding of three broad spectrum BB resistance genes (xa5, xa13, and Xa21 in prominent rice varieties is the most economical and effective strategy for the management of the BB disease. We report here the pyramiding of three genes (xa5, xa13, and Xa21 in maintainer lines (CO 2B, CO 23B, and CO 24B of three promising wild abortive cytoplasmic male sterile lines (CO 2A, CO 23A, and CO 24A through functional markers assisted back cross breeding. IRBB60 with xa5, xa13, and Xa21 genes is used as a donor parent. BC2F1 and BC2F2 generations from a cross of CO 2B, CO 23B, and CO 24B with IRBB60 were evaluated for bacterial blight and non-fertility restoration. In BC2F1, plants with all three resistance genes (xa5, xa13, and Xa21 and high parent genome recovery was identified. In BC2F2, plants with all resistance genes and without fertility restorer (Rf3 and Rf4 were selected. Based on agronomic traits, BB resistance and maintenance of sterility, two plants each in CO 2B × IRBB60, CO 24B × IRBB60 and one plant in CO 23B × IRBB60 combinations were identified. The identified lines were crossed with respective male sterile lines for conversion of improved B line into CMS line through back-crossing, in addition to selfing. The plants with high recurrent genome and phenotypically similar to parental lines and sterile are being used for the hybrid rice development program. Currently, using these lines (improved CMS line, test crosses were made to develop new rice hybrids. Hybrids combinations viz., CO 23A × AD08009R and CO 24A × IET20898R were found to be stable at different locations with high yield. The R line used in this study has been introgressed with xa5, xa13, and Xa21 genes in a separate breeding program. These new hybrids with resistance against bacterial blight

  19. Estudio del Uso de la Tarjeta Inteligente Adaptado a un Teléfono Móvil como Sistema para Adquirir Bienes y Servicios en la Ciudad de Guayaquil

    OpenAIRE

    Espín Martínez, Jorge Alfredo; Pilco Totoy, Mario Patricio

    2012-01-01

    Con el fin de seguir desarrollando el segmento de la tecnología y comunicaciones con nuevas aplicaciones, el presente estudio se enfoca en proponer al mercado una tarjeta inteligente adaptado en un celular; el mismo que servirá para transacciones de compra de bienes y servicios en establecimientos afiliados con la tecnología NFC; esta alternativa permitirá a los usuarios poder realizar con mayor seguridad sus compras ya que tendrán que utilizar el sistema de huella digital, y el mismo equipo ...

  20. Riesgos en el proceso de importación ordinaria: identificación del mapa de riesgos de la importación de bienes de capital en Colombia

    OpenAIRE

    Gallón Perdomo, Sara María; Torres Muskus, Carlos Henrique

    2014-01-01

    En Colombia, durante el proceso de importación se presentan diversos riesgos, que pueden implicar desde sobrecostos hasta la pérdida de la mercancía -- Considerando que las importaciones son necesarias en las empresas, en la presente investigación se elabora un mapa de riesgos del proceso de importación ordinaria de bienes de capital en el país, con el fin de identificarlos, de tal manera que los importadores estén informados y puedan aplicar los métodos de control pertinentes para la adm...

  1. Prolonged Cerebral Circulation Time Is the Best Parameter for Predicting Vasospasm during Initial CT Perfusion in Subarachnoid Hemorrhagic Patients.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Chun Fu Lin

    Full Text Available We sought to imitate angiographic cerebral circulation time (CCT and create a similar index from baseline CT perfusion (CTP to better predict vasospasm in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH.Forty-one SAH patients with available DSA and CTP were retrospectively included. The vasospasm group was comprised of patients with deterioration in conscious functioning and newly developed luminal narrowing; remaining cases were classified as the control group. The angiography CCT (XA-CCT was defined as the difference in TTP (time to peak between the selected arterial ROIs and the superior sagittal sinus (SSS. Four arterial ROIs were selected to generate four corresponding XA-CCTs: the right and left anterior cerebral arteries (XA-CCTRA2 and XA-CCTLA2 and right- and left-middle cerebral arteries (XA-CCTRM2 and XA-CCTLM2. The CCTs from CTP (CT-CCT were defined as the differences in TTP from the corresponding arterial ROIs and the SSS. Correlations of the different CCTs were calculated and diagnostic accuracy in predicting vasospasm was evaluated.Intra-class correlations ranged from 0.96 to 0.98. The correlations of XA-CCTRA2, XA-CCTRM2, XA-CCTLA2, and XA-CCTLM2 with the corresponding CT-CCTs were 0.64, 0.65, 0.53, and 0.68, respectively. All CCTs were significantly prolonged in the vasospasm group (5.8-6.4 s except for XA-CCTLA2. CT-CCTA2 of 5.62 was the optimal cut-off value for detecting vasospasm with a sensitivity of 84.2% and specificity 82.4.CT-CCTs can be used to interpret cerebral flow without deconvolution algorithms, and outperform both MTT and TTP in predicting vasospasm risk. This finding may help facilitate management of patients with SAH.

  2. Delito de Bigamia e Intervención Mínima: ¿Es el Matrimonio, Todavía, un Bien Jurídico-Penal?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gerson Faustino Rosa

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo trata de los delitos contra el matrimonio, y del delito de bigamia como figura central, que no es compatible con la función actual del sistema penal, criticándose los bienes que deberían ser objeto de protección por otras áreas del derecho. Se trata de la política criminal sobre la planificación familiar, criticándose la intervención del Estado en los asuntos familiares. Se destacan los principios de intervención mínima, fragmentaridad, subsidiariedad y proporcionalidade. Se analiza el tipo penal del art. 235 del Código Penal, criticándose dicha penalización, dado que es un tipo penal subsidiario, perfectamente prescindible por el ordenamiento jurídico-penal.

  3. Ingreso y bienes de la población de edad media y avanzada en México

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rebeca Wong

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available El propósito de este artículo es resumir el monto y los tipos de ingreso que percibe y bienes que posee la población de edad media y avanzada en México. Se usan datos de la nueva Encuesta Nacional sobre Salud y Envejecimiento en México (Enasem 2001, un estudio prospectivo de panel con representación nacional de las personas de 50 años de edad y más. Los resultados confirman las hipótesis formuladas: la distribución del ingreso y la riqueza están sesgadas en favor de ciertos grupos, sobre todo aquéllos con mayor educación; la composición de la riqueza se da principalmente en forma no financiera y el apoyo familiar es una fuente de ingreso importante; la asociación entre riqueza y salud es positiva en general, lo cual es consistente con la literatura internacional. Además se encuentra que la riqueza acumulada está distribuida más equitativamente que el ingreso, y se concluye que el indicador de riqueza ofrece una dimensión de análisis adicional al ingreso, con potencial para contribuir a los estudios del bienestar de la población en edad media y avanzada en México.

  4. Ingreso y bienes de la población de edad media y avanzada en México*

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wong, Rebeca; Espinoza, Mónica

    2017-01-01

    Resumen El propósito de este artículo es resumir el monto y los tipos de ingreso que percibe y bienes que posee la población de edad media y avanzada en México. Se usan datos de la nueva Encuesta Nacional sobre Salud y Envejecimiento en México (Enasem) 2001, un estudio prospectivo de panel con representación nacional de las personas de 50 años de edad y más. Los resultados confirman las hipótesis formuladas: la distribución del ingreso y la riqueza están sesgadas en favor de ciertos grupos, sobre todo aquéllos con mayor educación; la composición de la riqueza se da principalmente en forma no financiera y el apoyo familiar es una fuente de ingreso importante; la asociación entre riqueza y salud es positiva en general, lo cual es consistente con la literatura internacional. Además se encuentra que la riqueza acumulada está distribuida más equitativamente que el ingreso, y se concluye que el indicador de riqueza ofrece una dimensión de análisis adicional al ingreso, con potencial para contribuir a los estudios del bienestar de la población en edad media y avanzada en México. PMID:29386981

  5. Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae TALE proteins recruit OsTFIIAγ1 to compensate for the absence of OsTFIIAγ5 in bacterial blight in rice.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ma, Wenxiu; Zou, Lifang; Ji, Zhiyuan; Xu, Xiameng; Xu, Zhengyin; Yang, Yangyang; Alfano, James R; Chen, Gongyou

    2018-04-28

    Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), causal agent of bacterial blight (BB) of rice, uses transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) to interact with the basal transcription factor gama subunit OsTFIIAγ5 (Xa5) and activates transcription of host genes. However, how OsTFIIAγ1, the other OsTFIIAγ protein, functions in the presence of TALEs remains unclear. In this study, we show that OsTFIIAγ1 plays a compensatory role in the absence of Xa5. The expression of OsTFIIAγ1, which is activated by TALE PthXo7, increased the expression of host genes targeted by avirulent and virulent TALEs. Defective OsTFIIAγ1 rice lines showed reduced expression of the TALE-targeted susceptibility (S) genes, OsSWEET11 and OsSWEET14, which resulted in increased BB resistance. Selected TALEs (PthXo1, AvrXa7, and AvrXa27) were evaluated for interactions with OsTFIIAγ1, Xa5 and xa5 (naturally-occurring mutant form of Xa5) using biomolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) and microscale thermophoresis (MST). BiFC and MST demonstrated that the three TALEs bind Xa5 and OsTFIIAγ1 with a stronger affinity than xa5. These results provide insight into the complex roles of OsTFIIAγ1 and OsTFIIAγ5 in TALE-mediated host gene transcription. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. © 2018 BSPP and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  6. Malaria infectivity of xanthurenic acid-deficient anopheline mosquitoes produced by TALEN-mediated targeted mutagenesis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yamamoto, Daisuke S; Sumitani, Megumi; Hatakeyama, Masatsugu; Matsuoka, Hiroyuki

    2018-02-01

    Anopheline mosquitoes are major vectors of malaria parasites. When the gametocytes of the malaria parasite are transferred from a vertebrate to mosquitoes, they differentiate into gametes, and are fertilized in the midguts of mosquitoes. Xanthurenic acid (XA), a waste product of the ommochrome synthesis pathway, has been shown to induce exflagellation during microgametogenesis in vitro; however, it currently remains unclear whether endogenous XA affects the infectivity of anopheline mosquitoes to malaria parasites in vivo due to the lack of appropriate experimental systems such as a XA-deficient line. In the present study, we produced a XA-deficient line in Anopheles stephensi using transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN)-mediated gene targeting (knockout) of the kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (kmo) gene, which encodes an enzyme that participates in the ommochrome synthesis pathway. The knockout of kmo resulted in the absence of XA, and oocyst formation was inhibited in the midguts of these XA-deficient mosquitoes, which, in turn, reduced sporozoite numbers in their salivary glands. These results suggest that endogenous XA stimulates exflagellation, and enhances the infectivity of anopheline mosquitoes to malaria parasites in vivo. The XA-deficient line of the anopheline mosquito provides a useful system for analyzing and understanding the associated factors of malaria gametogenesis in the mosquito midgut.

  7. Vasorelaxing Action of the Kynurenine Metabolite, Xanthurenic Acid: The Missing Link in Endotoxin-Induced Hypotension?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carmine Vecchione

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available The kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism is activated by pro-inflammatory cytokines. L-kynurenine, an upstream metabolite of the pathway, acts as a putative endothelium-derived relaxing factor, and has been hypothesized to play a causative role in the pathophysiology of inflammation-induced hypotension. Here, we show that xanthurenic acid (XA, the transamination product of 3-hydroxykynurenine, is more efficacious than L-kynurenine in causing relaxation of a resistance artery, but fails to relax pre-contracted aortic rings. In the mesenteric artery, XA enhanced activating phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS, and the relaxing action of XA was abrogated by pharmacological inhibition of NOS and endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factor. Systemic injection of XA reduced blood pressure in mice, and serum levels of XA increased by several fold in response to a pulse with the endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS. LPS-induced hypotension in mice was prevented by pre-treatment with the kynurenine monooxygenase (KMO inhibitor, Ro-618048, which lowered serum levels of XA but enhanced serum levels of L-kynurenine. UPF 648, another KMO inhibitor, could also abrogate LPS-induced hypotension. Our data identify XA as a novel vasoactive compound and suggest that formation of XA is a key event in the pathophysiology of inflammation-induced hypotension.

  8. Nuclear techniques to address HAB concerns

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Vu Nhu Ngoc; Phan Son; Nguyen Ngoc Lam and Chu Van Thuoc

    2004-01-01

    In December, 1998, The Project Formulation meeting on application of Nuclear Techniques to address red tide (Harmful Algal Bloom concerns) was held in Manila Philippines. This is an IAEA/RCA project with the participation of Australia, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, The Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam. The main objectives of this project (RAS/8/076) included: - Conduct of segmentation studies to gain information on the natural histories of sediments and to correlated these with Red Tide occurrences. - Development of descriptive and predictive of the behaviour of Algal Bloom as affected by the interplay of the causative organism with the environment parameters in the water column and sediments. - Development and field testing of a rapid assay technique based on tritium - labeled saxitoxin for toxin determination. The first phase has been completed in 2002 and the second phase will be completed in 2004. In the two years of 2001 - 2002 Ted Tide occurred in very larger area in Vietnam, for example, in the coast of Binh Thuan Province with the density of 39.10 9 cells/litre. The Ministry of science - technology environment of Vietnam has support 5.000 USD each years for sediment and algal sampling in Cam Ranh Bay (Nha Trang, 11 o 45N and 10 o 15E) and Ha Long Bay in the North - East of Vietnam (21 o 15 and 107 o 3E) and in 2003 in Tuy Phong Bay (Binh Thuan province) (10 o 15N, 108 o 45E). Three sediment core has been taken from Cam Ranh Bay, Ha Long Bay and Tuy Phong Bay. The volume of sediment core is Φ = 8 cm and h = 60 cm. The algal samples have been collected by Bongo nets in Cam Ranh, Ha Long Bay and Tuy Phong Bay. (author)

  9. Suma Qamaña, vivir bien, el Ethos de la nueva constitución boliviana (Suma Qamaña, Living Well, the Ethos of the new Bolivian constitution)

    OpenAIRE

    Fernández, Hugo

    2009-01-01

    Resumen: Este artículo expone algunos antecedentes que explican por qué se ha introducido la expresión Vivir Bien (Suma Qamaña y sus variantes) en el texto constitucional recientemente aprobado en Bolivia. Entre ellos menciona los sorprendentes resultados electorales obtenidos por Evo Morales, que se sustentan en la emergencia y consolidación del pensamiento indígena, en la clara voluntad de adquirir poder político por parte de las organizaciones indígenas y en la necesidad de cambiar el orde...

  10. Thailand: gas import review takes on urgency

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hayes, D.

    1992-01-01

    The potential market for natural gas imports in Thailand as a result of the downgrading of gas reserves in the Nan Phong field is examined. Proposed pipelines, plans for gas-fired power plants, and the effects that the downgrading has had on Thailand's long-term plans for the development of gas utilisation are discussed. (UK)

  11. The Effects of Communicative Grammar Teaching on Students' Achievement of Grammatical Knowledge and Oral Production

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ho, Pham Vu Phi; The Binh, Nguyen

    2014-01-01

    So far the students of Le Hong Phong Junior High School have been taught grammar with GTM (Grammar-Translation Method), which just prepares learners for conventional grammar-paper tests. Despite their considerable knowledge of grammar, the students fail to use the language they have learnt to communicate in real-life situations. The purpose of…

  12. Discriminación de género en el acceso a bienes y servicios en el tráfico mercantil entre privados

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Angustias Díaz Gómez

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available La Directiva 2004/113/CE, y la Ley Orgánica 3/2007 que la traspone representan un avance en el Derecho antidiscriminatorio por razón de género y en concreto al suministro de bienes y servicios. En este trabajo nos centramos en el acceso a los ofertados desde el sector privado de la economía. Apuntamos a la deficiente incorporación en España de algunas disposiciones de la Directiva; a la necesidad de superar el recurso a la nulidad como principal solución de controversias; así como a la conveniencia de que la regulación antidiscriminatoria de derecho privado reciba un tratamiento legislativo transversal, para así hacer eficaz el derecho a la igualdad y el propio derecho del mercado en áreas tan relevantes como la competencia desleal.

  13. Metabolite profiles of rice cultivars containing bacterial blight-resistant genes are distinctive from susceptible rice

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    Jiao Wu; Haichuan Yu; Haofu Dai; Wenli Mei; Xin Huang; Shuifang Zhu; Ming Peng

    2012-01-01

    The metabolic changes of bacterial blight-resistant line C418/Xa23 generated by molecular marker-assisted selection (n =12),transgenic variety C418-Xa21 generated by using the Agrobacterium-mediated system (n =12),and progenitor cultivar C418 (n =12) were monitored using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.The validation,discrimination,and establishment of correlative relationships between metabolite signals were performed by cluster analysis,principal component analysis,and partial least squares-discriminant analysis.Significant and unintended changes were observed in 154 components in C418/Xa23 and 48 components in C418-Xa21 compared with C418 (P < 0.05,Fold change > 2.0).The most significant decreases detected (P< 0.001) in both C418/Xa23 and C418-Xa21 were in three amino acids: glycine,tyrosine,and alanine,and four identified metabolites: malic acid,ferulic acid,succinic acid,and glycerol.Linoleic acid was increased specifically in C418/Xa23 which was derived from traditional breeding.This line,possessing a distinctive metabolite profile as a positive control,shows more differences vs.the parental than the transgenic line.Only succinic acid that falls outside the boundaries of natural variability between the two non-transgenic varieties C418 and C418/Xa23 should be further investigated with respect to safety or nutritional impact.

  14. (Biodegradable Ionomeric Polyurethanes Based on Xanthan: Synthesis, Properties, and Structure

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    T. V. Travinskaya

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available New (biodegradable environmentally friendly film-forming ionomeric polyurethanes (IPU based on renewable biotechnological polysaccharide xanthan (Xa have been obtained. The influence of the component composition on the colloidal-chemical and physic-mechanical properties of IPU/Xa and based films, as well as the change of their properties under the influence of environmental factors, have been studied. The results of IR-, PMS-, DMA-, and X-ray scattering study indicate that incorporation of Xa into the polyurethane chain initiates the formation of a new polymer structure different from the structure of the pure IPU (matrix: an amorphous polymer-polymer microdomain has occurred as a result of the chemical interaction of Xa and IPU. It predetermines the degradation of the IPU/Xa films as a whole, unlike the mixed polymer systems, and plays a key role in the improvement of material performance. The results of acid, alkaline hydrolysis, and incubation into the soil indicate the increase of the intensity of degradation processes occurring in the IPU/Xa in comparison with the pure IPU. It has been shown that the introduction of Xa not only imparts the biodegradability property to polyurethane, but also improves the mechanical properties.

  15. Avaliação comparativa das propriedades de xantanas produzidas pelo patovar pruni e clairana com xantana comercial para predição de uso Comparative evaluation of xanthans properties produced by pathovar pruni and clairana with commercial xanthan to predict their uses

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patrícia D. Oliveira

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available O presente trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a adequabilidade de três amostras de biopolímero xantana (Xa 06, Xa 82 e Xa 106 e uma clairana como viscosificantes de fluidos de perfuração de poços de petróleo, comparando com uma amostra de xantana comercial, Xanvis®. Foram realizadas análises reológicas, determinados os conteúdos de acetil, piruvato e íons Na+ K+ e Ca2+, e avaliada a capacidade viscosificante segundo norma específica da Petrobras. Os conteúdos de grupos acetil e piruvato para as xantanas e clairana diferiram significativamente entre si, mas foram compatíveis com valores preconizados ou citados na literatura concernente. Com relação ao conteúdo de íons, a xantana comercial apresentou quantidade de cálcio superior, as amostras Xa 06, Xa 82 e Xa 106 tiveram maior teor de potássio e a clairana maior teor de sódio. A viscosidade e a viscoelasticidade da amostra de xantana comercial foram superiores às demais amostras analisadas. Na análise como viscosificante para fluidos de perfuração as amostras de xantana comercial e Xa 106 atingiram os requisitos estabelecidos para os parâmetros n, K e força gel da norma Petrobras N-2605. Com a interpretação conjunta dos resultados obtidos pode-se inferir que apenas as xantanas Xanvis® e Xa 106 apresentam características adequadas à utilização como viscosificante em fluido de perfuração de petróleo. As demais amostras possuem características reológicas adequadas à utilização como espessantes ou estabilizantes em outros segmentos industriais, como em alimentos, tintas e cosméticos.The aim of this study was to determine the suitability of three xanthans (Xa 06, Xa 82 and Xa 106 and a clairana biopolymer for use as drilling fluid thickeners and comparing them against a commercial sample, Xanvis®. Rheological analyses were performed to determine the acetyl, pyruvate and Na+ K+ and Ca2+ ion content and their thickening ability, according to Petrobras

  16. Comparative evaluation of direct thrombin and factor Xa inhibitors with antiplatelet agents under flow and static conditions: an in vitro flow chamber model.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kazuya Hosokawa

    Full Text Available Dabigatran and rivaroxaban are novel oral anticoagulants that specifically inhibit thrombin and factor Xa, respectively. The aim of this study is to elucidate antithrombotic properties of these anticoagulant agents under arterial and venous shear conditions. Whole blood samples treated with dabigatran or rivaroxaban at 250, 500, and 1000 nM, with/without aspirin and AR-C66096, a P2Y12 antagonist, were perfused over a microchip coated with collagen and tissue thromboplastin at shear rates of 240 and 600 s(-1. Fibrin-rich platelet thrombus formation was quantified by monitoring flow pressure changes. Dabigatran at higher concentrations (500 and 1000 nM potently inhibited thrombus formation at both shear rates, whereas 1000 nM of rivaroxaban delayed, but did not completely inhibit, thrombus formation. Dual antiplatelet agents weakly suppressed thrombus formation at both shear rates, but intensified the anticoagulant effects of dabigatran and rivaroxaban. The anticoagulant effects of dabigatran and rivaroxaban were also evaluated under static conditions using thrombin generation (TG assay. In platelet-poor plasma, dabigatran at 250 and 500 nM efficiently prolonged the lag time (LT and moderately reduce peak height (PH of TG, whereas rivaroxaban at 250 nM efficiently prolonged LT and reduced PH of TG. In platelet-rich plasma, however, both anticoagulants efficiently delayed LT and reduced PH of TG. Our results suggest that dabigatran and rivaroxaban may exert distinct antithrombotic effects under flow conditions, particularly in combination with dual antiplatelet therapy.

  17. Le bien-être au travail en mutation chez les enseignants - une nouvelle approche guidée par la théorie culturelle et historique de l’activité

    OpenAIRE

    Launis, Kirsti; Koli, Annarita

    2014-01-01

    De nombreuses recherches ont révélé que le stress et l’épuisement au travail des enseignants sont en progression. Il s’agit manifestement d’un grave problème constituant une menace pour leur santé et leur bien-être. Au cours de cette étude, les chercheurs ont mesuré les diverses sollicitations exercées dans le travail d’enseignantes et présenté des propositions pour améliorer leur travail et ses conditions de réalisation. Ces propositions ont été prises en compte dans des programmes de format...

  18. Abnormal X : autosome ratio, but normal X chromosome inactivation in human triploid cultures

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Norwood Thomas H

    2006-07-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background X chromosome inactivation (XCI is that aspect of mammalian dosage compensation that brings about equivalence of X-linked gene expression between females and males by inactivating one of the two X chromosomes (Xi in normal female cells, leaving them with a single active X (Xa as in male cells. In cells with more than two X's, but a diploid autosomal complement, all X's but one, Xa, are inactivated. This phenomenon is commonly thought to suggest 1 that normal development requires a ratio of one Xa per diploid autosomal set, and 2 that an early event in XCI is the marking of one X to be active, with remaining X's becoming inactivated by default. Results Triploids provide a test of these ideas because the ratio of one Xa per diploid autosomal set cannot be achieved, yet this abnormal ratio should not necessarily affect the one-Xa choice mechanism for XCI. Previous studies of XCI patterns in murine triploids support the single-Xa model, but human triploids mostly have two-Xa cells, whether they are XXX or XXY. The XCI patterns we observe in fibroblast cultures from different XXX human triploids suggest that the two-Xa pattern of XCI is selected for, and may have resulted from rare segregation errors or Xi reactivation. Conclusion The initial X inactivation pattern in human triploids, therefore, is likely to resemble the pattern that predominates in murine triploids, i.e., a single Xa, with the remaining X's inactive. Furthermore, our studies of XIST RNA accumulation and promoter methylation suggest that the basic features of XCI are normal in triploids despite the abnormal X:autosome ratio.

  19. Influence of tungsten microstructure and ion flux on deuterium plasma-induced surface modifications and deuterium retention

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Buzi, L.; De Temmerman, G.; Unterberg, B.; M. Reinhart,; Dittmar, T.; Matveev, D.; Linsmeier, C.; Breuer, U.; Kreter, A.; Van Oost, G.

    2015-01-01

    The influence of surface temperature, particle flux density and material microstructure on the surface morphology and deuterium retention was studied by exposing tungsten targets (20&#xa0;μm and 40&#xa0;μm grain size) to deuterium plasma at the same particle fluence (1026&#xa0;m−2) and

  20. Hepatoprotective Effects of Chinese Medicine Herbs Decoction on Liver Cirrhosis in Rats

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nor Aziyah Mat-Rahim

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Hepatoprotective and curative activities of aqueous extract of decoction containing 10 Chinese medicinal herbs (HPE-XA-08 were evaluated in Sprague–Dawley albino rats with liver damage induced by thioacetamide (TAA. These activities were assessed by investigating the liver enzymes level and also histopathology investigation. Increases in alkaline phosphatase (ALP and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT levels were observed in rats with cirrhotic liver. No significant alterations of the liver enzymes were observed following treatment with HPE-XA-08. Histopathology examination of rats treated with HPE-XA-08 at 250 mg/kg body weight, however, exhibited moderate liver protective effects. Reduced extracellular matrix (ECM proteins within the hepatocytes were noted in comparison to the cirrhotic liver. The curative effects of HPE-XA-08 were observed with marked decrease in the level of ALP (more than 3x and level of GGT (more than 2x in cirrhotic rat treated with 600 mg/kg body weight HPE-XA-08 in comparison to cirrhotic rat treated with just water diluent. Reversion of cirrhotic liver to normal liver condition in rats treated with HPE-XA-08 was observed. Results from the present study suggest that HPE-XA-08 treatment assisted in the protection from liver cirrhosis and improved the recovery of cirrhotic liver.

  1. Cross System Extensions (CSE) experience

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Johnston, T.Y.

    1990-08-01

    Cross System Extension (CSE) provides VM/XA systems with the ability to share minidisks and spool in loosely coupled environment. CSE will also cooperate with the VM/HPO Inter System Facility (ISF) in sharing minidisks between VM/XA and VM/HPO to XA, reliability of CSE, and some operational considerations when running with it

  2. Validación del Índice de Bien-estar Personal en personas con enfermedad renal crónica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luís Manuel Mota de Sousa

    Full Text Available Objetivo: verificar las propiedades psicométricas del Índice de bien-estar personal (IBP en personas con enfermedad renal crónica en programa de hemodiálisis. Método: Se trata de un estudio metodológico. La muestra aleatoria es constituida por 171 personas con Enfermedad Renal Crónica (ERC sometida a hemodiálisis en dos clínicas en la región de Lisboa, Portugal. La recogida de datos fue realizada entre mayo y junio de 2015. Se evaluaron las propiedades psicométricas: validad (constructo, predictiva convergente, y discriminativa, confiabilidad por medio de la consistencia interna (α de Cronbach y estabilidad (Coeficiente de Correlación de Spearman-Brown y Coeficiente de Correlación Intraclasse (CCI. Resultados: El IBP presenta una dimensión ajustada a los datos. La satisfacción con la salud es lo que más contribuye para el IBP. Tiene validad convergente con Felicidad Subjetiva y Afecto Positivo y Afecto Negativo. Tiene poder discriminativo en la nacionalidad. El a Cronbach fue de 0,82. Teste Re-teste para cuestionario 0, 92 e CCI= 0,95, para entrevista 0,85 y CCI= 0,89. Conclusiones: La versión portuguesa del IBP es válida y reproducible en personas con ERC, tanto por cuestionario como por entrevista.

  3. Evidence for a saturable mechanism of disappearance of standard heparin in rabbits

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Boneu, B.; Caranobe, C.; Gabaig, A.M.; Dupouy, D.; Sie, P.; Buchanan, M.R.; Hirsh, J.

    1987-01-01

    This work demonstrates that after bolus intravenous injection standard heparin (SH) disappearance results from the combination of a saturable and a non saturable mechanism. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of SH were studied by measuring the disappearance of increasing doses (5 - 500 anti-factor Xa U/kg) of 125 I-heparin and of its biological effects. CPM curves allowed the determination of the half lives of heparin according to the dose injected. The half lives were clearly dose dependent and reached a plateau over 100 anti-factor Xa U/kg. The complex curve which describes the amount of heparin cleared per time unit after any given dose has been resolved into its two components reflecting a saturable and a non saturable mechanism of disappearance. For the doses less than 100 anti-factor Xa U/kg the saturable mechanism was preeminent and the anti-factor Xa activity disappearance followed an exponential pattern; for the doses less than 100 anti-factor Xa U/kg the contribution of the non saturable mechanism becomes more important and the anti-factor Xa activity disappearance followed a concave-convex pattern. Further experiments showed that the heparin half life shortened as the circulating anti-factor Xa activity decreased; this phenomenon may explain the concave-convex pattern of the curve of the anticoagulant effect observed after injection of large doses of SH

  4. Alternative dosing of prophylactic enoxaparin in the trauma patient: is more the answer?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kopelman, Tammy R; O'Neill, Patrick J; Pieri, Paola G; Salomone, Jeffrey P; Hall, Scott T; Quan, Asia; Wells, Jordan R; Pressman, Melissa S

    2013-12-01

    Inadequate anti-factor Xa levels and increased venous thromboembolic events occur in trauma patients receiving standard prophylactic enoxaparin dosing. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that higher dosing (40 mg twice daily) would improve peak anti-Xa levels and decrease venous thromboembolism. A retrospective review was performed of trauma patients who received prophylactic enoxaparin and peak anti-Xa levels over 27 months. Patients were divided on the basis of dose: group A received 30 mg twice daily, and group B received 40 mg twice daily. Demographics and rates of venous thromboembolism were compared between dose groups and patients with inadequate or adequate anti-Xa levels. One hundred twenty-four patients were included, 90 in group A and 34 in group B. Demographics were similar, except that patients in group B had a higher mean body weight. Despite this, only 9% of group B patients had inadequate anti-Xa levels, compared with 33% of those in group A (P = .01). Imaging studies were available in 69 patients and revealed 8 venous thromboembolic events (P = NS, group A vs group B) with significantly more venous thromboembolic events occurring in patients with low anti-Xa levels (P = .02). Although higher dosing of enoxaparin led to improved anti-Xa levels, this did not equate to a statistical decrease in venous thromboembolism. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  5. Valoración económica de bienes públicos: estudio de caso del río Lerma, La Piedad, Michoacán

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    Faustino Gómez Sántiz

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available el tramo del río Lerma, que atraviesa la zona metropoli-tana de La Piedad de Cabadas, Michoacán-Santa Ana Pacue-co, Guanajuato, tiene una longitud de 12.8 km. Actualmenteestá convertido en un canal de desechos, que ha incididoen la aparición de fuertes problemas de salud pública. Eneste estudio se utilizó el método de valoración contingentey el modelo logit para determinar el valor económico totalde este bien ambiental, y para analizar las variables de ladecisión sobre la disposición a pagar una contribución pararealizar mejoras, por parte de los beneficiarios de él. Dichovalor se estimó en más de 4 millones de pesos anuales, estoindica que de realizarse mejoras ambientales, la poblaciónse beneficiaría en la medida en que se lograra mitigar losefectos de la contaminación.

  6. Gestión del territorio y manejo de bienes comunes en contextos extractivos: una aproximación al caso de las comunidades Kichwas del cantón Arajuno en la provincia de Pastaza, Ecuador.

    OpenAIRE

    Barrera Arroba, Danny Rafael

    2014-01-01

    La presente tesis analiza las diferentes transformaciones en el manejo del territorio y los bienes comunes, que se han generado en las comunidades kichwas de Elena y Huito ubicadas en el cantón Arajuno en la provincia de Pastaza en la Amazonía ecuatoriana, a partir de las actividades de explotación petrolera desarrolladas por la compañía AGIP Ecuador S.A. en el bloque 10 dentro del sector de Villano.

  7. Overexpression of Rice Auxilin-Like Protein, XB21, Induces Necrotic Lesions, up-Regulates Endocytosis-Related Genes, and Confers Enhanced Resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Park, Chang-Jin; Wei, Tong; Sharma, Rita; Ronald, Pamela C

    2017-12-01

    The rice immune receptor XA21 confers resistance to the bacterial pathogen, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). To elucidate the mechanism of XA21-mediated immunity, we previously performed a yeast two-hybrid screening for XA21 interactors and identified XA21 binding protein 21 (XB21). Here, we report that XB21 is an auxilin-like protein predicted to function in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. We demonstrate an XA21/XB21 in vivo interaction using co-immunoprecipitation in rice. Overexpression of XB21 in rice variety Kitaake and a Kitaake transgenic line expressing XA21 confers a necrotic lesion phenotype and enhances resistance to Xoo. RNA sequencing reveals that XB21 overexpression results in the differential expression of 8735 genes (4939 genes up- and 3846 genes down-regulated) (≥2-folds, FDR ≤0.01). The up-regulated genes include those predicted to be involved in 'cell death' and 'vesicle-mediated transport'. These results indicate that XB21 plays a role in the plant immune response and in regulation of cell death. The up-regulation of genes controlling 'vesicle-mediated transport' in XB21 overexpression lines is consistent with a functional role for XB21 as an auxilin.

  8. La Repercusión del Valor Razonable de los Bienes Inmuebles en la Utilidad de los Estados Financieros: Una Nota de Investigación

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrés Navarro Galera

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available La elección en la reciente reforma contable española del criterio de valor razonable en lugar del coste histórico como base de valoración para determinados activos ha generado cierta controversia. Este trabajo estudia la posible incidencia de la adopción del valor razonable para el registro contable de los bienes inmuebles sobre la relevancia y la fiabilidad de la información financiera. El estudio empírico está basado en una encuesta sobre las percepciones de 151 responsables de la contabilidad de empresas españolas del sector de la construcción sobre la utilidad y fiabilidad de la información financiera basada en el valor razonable. El análisis de los resultados nos ha permitido concluir que, respecto al coste histórico, los responsables de contabilidad perciben que el valor razonable de los bienes inmuebles generaría estados financieros más útiles para representar la imagen fiel del patrimonio de la empresa. No obstante, los encuestados conciben la información financiera bajo valor razonable como menos objetiva y verificable. Asimismo, hemos comprobado que el tamaño de la empresa puede influir en la opinión de la repercusión del valor razonable sobre la relevancia y fiabilidad de los estados financieros.The option in the recent Spanish regulation for fair value over historical cost, as the preferred measurement basis for some assets, has raised some controversy. This paper studies the effects on accounting information relevance and reliability of fair value accounting for investment properties. The empirical study is based on a questionnairebased survey of the perceptions of 151 Spanish accountants in the building industry about the usefulness and reliability of fair value accounting. The analysis of results allows us concluding that accountants perceive that the usefulness of financial statements increases when investment property is valued on a fair value basis, compared with a historical cost basis. However, respondents

  9. Cytological diagnosis of xanthogranulomatous appendicitis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rajni Kaushik

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Xanthogranulomatous reaction can occur in any organ but the most common sites are kidney and gallbladder. Xanthogranulomatous appendicitis (XA is a rare clinical entity. There are a few case reports of XA diagnosed on histopathology but none on cytology. Here we report a case of a 47-year-old lady who presented with acute abdomen and was found to have a mass lesion in the right iliac fossa. She was diagnosed with XA intraoperatively on imprint cytology that was subsequently confirmed on histopathological examination. Due to the rarity of XA itself and the use of imprint cytology for intraoperative diagnosis the case is being presented.

  10. El control de inventario físico de bienes muebles y su incidencia en la conciliación patrimonial con los estados financieros en la Universidad Nacional Santiago Antúnez de Mayolo, periodo 2015.

    OpenAIRE

    Minaya Santos, Armando Félix

    2017-01-01

    El propósito de la presente investigación fue determinar la incidencia del control de inventario físico de bienes muebles en la conciliación patrimonial con los estados financieros en la Universidad Nacional Santiago Antúnez de Mayolo 2015. Investigación de tipo aplicado, diseño no experimental, transversal. La población de estudio estuvo conformada por servidores administrativos profesionales y técnicos que laboran en los sistemas presupuesto, abastecimiento, contabilidad y...

  11. Acuerdos de pesca en los lagos de Tarapoto: Alternativa de gestión para los bienes comunes en la Amazonia colombiana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Catalina Trujillo Osorio

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available Se presentan las experiencias de gestión de recursos pesqueros en resguardos indígenas del Amazonas colombiano y los resultados y limitaciones del proceso adelantado para la construcción de acuerdos comunitarios de pesca. Se usó la metodología de investigación-acción-participación respondiendo al objetivo de crear estrategias para contrarrestar los problemas de agotamiento del recurso pesquero de los lagos de Tarapoto en el resguardo Ticoya y consolidar estrategias propias para fortalecer la capacidad de gobernanza interna del recurso pesquero dentro del territorio indígena. Se encontró que los acuerdos de pesca actúan como instituciones que regulan y optimizan el uso de bienes comunes de libre acceso, y consolidan la capacidad de gobernanza en territorios indígenas. Se concluye que la consolidación de un sistema propio de gestión debe ir más allá del control del recurso, evidenciando los esfuerzos locales por adoptar sistemas de manejo alternativo que se integren al modo de vida indígena y a los modelos de producción tradicional.

  12. Effect of MCM09, an active site-directed inhibitor of factor Xa, on B16-BL6 melanoma lung colonies in mice.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rossi, C; Hess, S; Eckl, R W; di Lena, A; Bruno, A; Thomas, O; Poggi, A

    2006-03-01

    Treatment with anticoagulant drugs has shown potential inhibitory effect on tumor invasion, although the relationship with clotting inhibition was not clear. The aim of our study was to evaluate the potential antitumor activity of MCM09, a newly developed, active site-directed, small molecule inhibitor of factor Xa (FXa) [WO0216312], and to relate the findings to anticlotting potency. MCM09 (0.1-10 mg kg(-1)) or heparin (H; 10 mg kg(-1)) was injected intravenously (i.v.), with 5 x 10(4) B16-BL6 melanoma cells, in C57BL/6 mice. Mice were killed after 18 days, to count lung colonies. Ex vivo anticoagulant activity was measured by activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) on mouse plasma. MCM09, a selective inhibitor of FXa (IC-50 = 2.4 nm against human FXa), inhibited in a dose-dependent manner B16-BL6 melanoma lung colonies in mice. Mean lung metastasis number was 20.9 +/- 4.8 in controls (n = 10), 1.2 +/- 0.4 in mice treated with H, 10 mg kg(-1) i.v. (P < 0.01), 0.9 +/- 0.3, 9.2 +/- 2.2 and 15.5 +/- 2.6 in mice treated with MCM09, at 10 (P < 0.01), 1 (P < 0.05) and 0.1 mg kg(-1) i.v. (ns), respectively. MCM09 (10 mg kg(-1) i.v.) significantly prolonged APTT (57.1 +/- 10.2 s) 30 min after i.v. injection when compared with controls (25.3 +/- 1.6 s; P < 0.05). Lung colonies were 74.2-72.6% reduced by MCM09 (10 mg kg(-1)) given 60 or 120 min before cells, but not by MCM09 given 60 min thereafter, suggesting a direct cell interaction as a mechanism underlying antitumor activity.

  13. Extreme Apprenticeship – Emphasising conceptual understanding in undergraduate mathematics

    OpenAIRE

    Rämö , Johanna; Oinonen , Lotta; Vikberg , Thomas

    2015-01-01

    International audience; Extreme Apprenticeship (XA) is an educational method that has been used in teaching undergraduate mathematics in the University of Helsinki. In this paper, we analyse the course assignments and exam questions of a certain lecture course that has recently been reformed to an XA-based course. The results show that the XA method has made it possible to move the emphasis from rote learning towards understanding the concepts behind the procedures.

  14. Assessment of the effects of dalteparin on coagulation variables and determination of a treatment schedule for use in cats.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Schönig, Jette C; Mischke, Reinhard H

    2016-07-01

    OBJECTIVE To determine a treatment protocol for SC administration of dalteparin to cats on the basis of currently available detailed pharmacokinetic data and to assess the effect of SC administration of dalteparin to cats on coagulation variables such as activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), thrombin time, and results for thromboelastometry, compared with effects on anti-activated coagulation factor X (anti-Xa) activity. ANIMALS 6 healthy domestic shorthair cats. PROCEDURES Cats received 14 injections of dalteparin (75 anti-Xa U/kg, SC) at 6-hour intervals. Blood samples were collected before and 2 hours after the first and second injections on days 1, 2, and 4. Anti-Xa activity was measured by use of a chromogenic substrate assay, aPTT and thrombin time were measured by use of an automated coagulometer, and viscoelastic measurements were obtained with thromboelastrometry. RESULTS 2 hours after the second injection, the target peak anti-Xa activity range of 0.5 to 1.0 U/mL was achieved in all cats, whereas median trough values remained below this range. Peak anti-Xa activity had only minimal effects on coagulation variables; the maximum median ratio for aPTT (in relationship to the value before the first dalteparin injection) was 1.23. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results of this study indicated that this treatment protocol resulted in reproducible anti-Xa activity in cats that was mostly within the targeted peak range of anti-Xa activity recommended for humans. Treatment in accordance with this protocol may not require routine coagulation monitoring of cats, but this must be confirmed in feline patients.

  15. HA TRAÍDO HASTA NOSOTROS DESDE TERRITORIO ENEMIGO, EL ALUD DE LA GUERRA: CONFISCACIÓN DE MAQUINARIAS Y APROPIACIÓN DE BIENES CULTURALES DURANTE LA OCUPACIÓN DE LIMA, 1881-1883

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Milton Godoy Orellana

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available El artículo analiza la confiscación de maquinarias y la apropiación de bienes culturales durante la ocupación chilena de Lima. Ambos temas en la producción historiográfica de la Guerra del Pacífico no han sido trabajados en profundidad, siendo negados o soslayados, aun considerando la evidencia documental existente en Chile. Basándose principalmente en estos repositorios documentales, los temas señalados son el motivo central del presente artículo, analizando la situación peruana, la participación de oficiales y representantes del Estado chileno durante la ocupación y la respuesta en Chile frente a la llegada de los barcos con bienes culturales -libros, estatuas u ornamentos para espacios públicos-, que varió desde el encubrimiento mediante el eufemismo, hasta la crítica de la prensa nacional y el rotundo rechazo por parte de la Cámara de Diputados de Chile.This article analyzes the confiscation of machinery and the appropriation of cultural goods during the occupation of Lima. Both themes have not been explored in depth by the War of the Pacific historiography, being neglected or ignored even considering the documented evidence that exists in Chile. Based mainly on those documents the article analyzes the Peruvian situation, the participation of Chilean officials and State representatives during the occupation, the answer in Chile facing the arrival of ships with cultural goods -books, statutes and ornaments for public spaces- that varied from the covering up through euphemism, to the critique from the national press and the categorical rejection on the part of the Chilean House of Representatives.

  16. Characterization of a human coagulation factor Xa-binding site on Viperidae snake venom phospholipases A2 by affinity binding studies and molecular bioinformatics

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gowda Veerabasappa T

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background The snake venom group IIA secreted phospholipases A2 (SVPLA2, present in the Viperidae snake family exhibit a wide range of toxic and pharmacological effects. They exert their different functions by catalyzing the hydrolysis of phospholipids (PL at the membrane/water interface and by highly specific direct binding to: (i presynaptic membrane-bound or intracellular receptors; (ii natural PLA2-inhibitors from snake serum; and (iii coagulation factors present in human blood. Results Using surface plasmon resonance (SPR protein-protein interaction measurements and an in vitro biological test of inhibition of prothrombinase activity, we identify a number of Viperidae venom SVPLA2s that inhibit blood coagulation through direct binding to human blood coagulation factor Xa (FXa via a non-catalytic, PL-independent mechanism. We classify the SVPLA2s in four groups, depending on the strength of their binding. Molecular electrostatic potentials calculated at the surface of 3D homology-modeling models show a correlation with inhibition of prothrombinase activity. In addition, molecular docking simulations between SVPLA2 and FXa guided by the experimental data identify the potential FXa binding site on the SVPLA2s. This site is composed of the following regions: helices A and B, the Ca2+ loop, the helix C-β-wing loop, and the C-terminal fragment. Some of the SVPLA2 binding site residues belong also to the interfacial binding site (IBS. The interface in FXa involves both, the light and heavy chains. Conclusion We have experimentally identified several strong FXa-binding SVPLA2s that disrupt the function of the coagulation cascade by interacting with FXa by the non-catalytic PL-independent mechanism. By theoretical methods we mapped the interaction sites on both, the SVPLA2s and FXa. Our findings may lead to the design of novel, non-competitive FXa inhibitors.

  17. Aspectos generales del régimen de los bienes del litoral marítimo. Competencias y limitaciones sobre el Derecho de propiedad

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sebastián Barreto Cifuentes

    2013-07-01

    Full Text Available El concepto de “propiedad”, tradicionalmente estudiado con la lógica del Derecho privado, ha sufrido cambios internos (la función social como núcleo esencial y externos (las limitaciones administrativas que hacen necesario estudiarlo con herramientas lógicas y metodológicas del Derecho público. Se debe considerar que un derecho absoluto e ilimitado no requiere mayor atención por parte de la disciplina del Derecho público. La armonización y articulación de los derechos del propietario con las competencias asignadas a las autoridades administrativas, exige una particular atención para proteger los derechos ciudadanos. En desarrollo de lo mencionado, se ha realizado un corto estudio sobre los bienes del litoral marítimo, en particular de las competencias asignadas a las autoridades administrativas sobre estas áreas, así como el límite de estas competencias. También se presentará el análisis de algunos casos reales y potenciales en los cuales se hace necesaria la aplicación de garantías procesales y sustanciales para el respeto de los derechos de los propietarios.

  18. Integrated Production of Xylonic Acid and Bioethanol from Acid-Catalyzed Steam-Exploded Corn Stover.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhu, Junjun; Rong, Yayun; Yang, Jinlong; Zhou, Xin; Xu, Yong; Zhang, Lingling; Chen, Jiahui; Yong, Qiang; Yu, Shiyuan

    2015-07-01

    High-efficiency xylose utilization is one of the restrictive factors of bioethanol industrialization. However, xylonic acid (XA) as a new bio-based platform chemical can be produced by oxidation of xylose with microbial. So, an applicable technology of XA bioconversion was integrated into the process of bioethanol production. After corn stover was pretreated with acid-catalyzed steam-explosion, solid and liquid fractions were obtained. The liquid fraction, also named as acid-catalyzed steam-exploded corn stover (ASC) prehydrolyzate (mainly containing xylose), was catalyzed with Gluconobacter oxydans NL71 to prepare XA. After 72 h of bioconversion of concentrated ASC prehydrolyzate (containing 55.0 g/L of xylose), the XA concentration reached a peak value of 54.97 g/L, the sugar utilization ratio and XA yield were 94.08 and 95.45 %, respectively. The solid fraction was hydrolyzed to produce glucose with cellulase and then fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae NL22 to produce ethanol. After 18 h of fermentation of concentrated enzymatic hydrolyzate (containing 86.22 g/L of glucose), the ethanol concentration reached its highest value of 41.48 g/L, the sugar utilization ratio and ethanol yield were 98.72 and 95.25 %, respectively. The mass balance showed that 1 t ethanol and 1.3 t XA were produced from 7.8 t oven dry corn stover.

  19. Phosphatidylserine and Phosphatidylethanolamine Bind to Protein Z Cooperatively and with Equal Affinity.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tanusree Sengupta

    Full Text Available Protein Z (PZ is an anticoagulant that binds with high affinity to Protein Z-dependent protease inhibitor (ZPI and accelerates the rate of ZPI-mediated inhibition of factor Xa (fXa by more than 1000-fold in the presence of Ca2+ and phospholipids. PZ promotion of the ZPI-fXa interaction results from the anchoring of the Gla domain of PZ onto phospholipid surfaces and positioning the bound ZPI in close proximity to the Gla-anchored fXa, forming a ternary complex of PZ/ZPI/fXa. Although interaction of PZ with phospholipid membrane appears to be absolutely crucial for its cofactor activity, little is known about the binding of different phospholipids to PZ. The present study was conceived to understand the interaction of different phospholipids with PZ. Experiments with both soluble lipids and model membranes revealed that PZ binds to phosphatidylserine (PS and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE with equal affinity (Kd~48 μM; further, PS and PE bound to PZ synergistically. Equilibrium dialysis experiments revealed two lipid-binding sites for both PS and PE. PZ binds with weaker affinity to other phospholipids, e.g., phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and binding of these lipids is not synergistic with respect to PS. Both PS and PE -containing membranes supported the formation of a fXa-PZ complex. PZ protection of fXa from antithrombin inhibition were also shown to be comparable in presence of both PS: PC and PE: PC membranes. These findings are particularly important and intriguing since they suggest a special affinity of PZ, in vivo, towards activated platelets, the primary membrane involved in blood coagulation process.

  20. Valoración de bienes rústicos de utilidad pública: La expropiación forzosa por las obras del AVE en la provincia de León

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María del Pilar Gutiérrez Flórez

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available Con motivo de la expropiación forzosa de fincas en la provincia de León debido a las obras del Tren de Alta Velocidad, AVE, los propietarios de ochenta y dos fincas de los Ayuntamientos de Villanueva de las Manzanas, Santas Martas y Vega de Infanzones, solicitaron un estudio de valoración alternativo de las mismas para presentarlo, en forma de alegaciones individuales, al Jurado Provincial de Expropiación Forzosa de León, tal y como es su derecho, según la Ley de Expropiación Forzosa, LEF, por su desacuerdo con la oferta de la Entidad Expropiante.En este artículo se presenta el método, se justifican los criterios de valoración, se presentan y analizan los resultados obtenidos y se elaboran las conclusiones a partir de los informes individuales, tras el reconocimiento de los terrenos afectados y su entorno, en base a datos obtenidos bien sea de la propia entidad expropiante bien de la normativa autonómica en vigor en el momento de la expropiación, o bien de la Ley del Suelo 8/2007 en lo referente a la toma de decisiones para el planteamiento de las hipótesis de partida del estudio.Por último, se justifican la tasa del tipo de interés utilizado para la Capitalización de las rentas, en base a normativa vigente o estudios oficiales, y el coeficiente multiplicador del valor de las mismas, según los modelos territoriales de situación respecto a un núcleo urbano, ambos parámetros necesarios para determinar el valor de las parcelas.On the occasion of the necessary expropriation of lands in the province of León due to the works of the High-speed train, AVE (HIGH SPEED TRAIN, the owners of eighty two plots of Villanueva de las Manzanas, Santas Martas and Vega de Infanzones, requested an choice study of valuation of the same ones it to present, in the individual allegations, to the Provincial Juror of Necessary Expropriation of León, as it is your choice, according to the Spanish Law of Necessary Expropriation, LEF, for your

  1. En quoi la narration dans le romanL’Élégance du hérisson permet de bien rendre lamétaphore du « bocal à poissons »? : Une analyse narratologique

    OpenAIRE

    Racine, Sylvain

    2015-01-01

    Sur la base des travaux de Gérard Genette, en particulier Figures III, uneanalyse narratologique du roman L’Élégance du hérisson (2006) de l’auteur MurielBarbery a été effectuée afin de comprendre les liens qu’il y a entre les spécificités dumode narratif et leurs effets sur l’espace du récit, soit « le bocal à poissons », unemétaphore importante du roman. Ultimement nous répondons à la question suivante :En quoi la narration dans le roman L’Élégance du hérisson permet-elle de bien rendrela m...

  2. Home treatment of patients with low-risk pulmonary embolism with the oral factor Xa inhibitor rivaroxaban. Rationale and design of the HoT-PE Trial.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Barco, Stefano; Lankeit, Mareike; Binder, Harald; Schellong, Sebastian; Christ, Michael; Beyer-Westendorf, Jan; Duerschmied, Daniel; Bauersachs, Rupert; Empen, Klaus; Held, Matthias; Schwaiblmair, Martin; Fonseca, Cândida; Jiménez, David; Becattini, Cecilia; Quitzau, Kurt; Konstantinides, Stavros

    2016-07-04

    Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a potentially life-threatening acute cardiovascular syndrome. However, more than 95 % of patients are haemodynamically stable at presentation, and among them are patients at truly low risk who may qualify for immediate or early discharge. The Home Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism (HoT-PE) study is a prospective international multicentre single-arm phase 4 management (cohort) trial aiming to determine whether home treatment of acute low-risk PE with the oral factor Xa inhibitor rivaroxaban is feasible, effective, and safe. Patients with confirmed PE, who have no right ventricular dysfunction or free floating thrombi in the right atrium or ventricle, are eligible if they meet none of the exclusion criteria indicating haemodynamic instability, serious comorbidity or any condition mandating hospitalisation, or a familial/social environment unable to support home treatment. The first dose of rivaroxaban is given in hospital, and patients are discharged within 48 hours of presentation. Rivaroxaban is taken for at least three months. The primary outcome is symptomatic recurrent venous thromboembolism or PE-related death within three months of enrolment. Secondary outcomes include quality of life and patient satisfaction, and health care resource utilisation compared to existing data on standard-duration hospital treatment. HoT-PE is planned to analyse 1,050 enrolled patients, providing 80 % power to reject the null hypothesis that the recurrence rate of venous thromboembolism is >3 % with α≤0.05. If the hypothesis of HoT-PE is confirmed, early discharge and out-of-hospital treatment may become an attractive, potentially cost-saving option for a significant proportion of patients with acute PE.

  3. Analgesic effects of an ethanol extract of the fruits of Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal A. Rich (Annonaceae and the major constituent, xylopic acid in murine models

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eric Woode

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Background: Fruit extracts of Xylopia aethiopica are used traditionally in the management of pain disorders including rheumatism, headache, colic pain, and neuralgia. Little pharmacological data exists in scientific literature of the effect of the fruit extract and its major diterpene, xylopic acid, on pain. The present study evaluated the analgesic properties of the ethanol extract of X. aethiopica (XAE and xylopic acid (XA, in murine models. Materials and Methods: XAE and XA were assessed in chemical (acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing and formalin tests, thermal (Tail-flick and Hargreaves thermal hyperalgesia tests, and mechanical (Randall-Selitto paw pressure test pain models. Results: XAE and XA exhibited significant analgesic activity in all the pain models used. XAE (30-300 mg kg -1 , p.o. and XA (10-100 mg kg -1 , p.o. inhibited acetic acid-induced visceral nociception, formalin- induced paw pain (both neurogenic and inflammatory, thermal pain as well as carrageenan-induced mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in animals. Morphine (1-10 mg kg -1 , i.p. and diclofenac (1-10 mg kg -1 , i.p., used as controls, exhibited similar anti-nociceptive activities. XAE and XA did not induce tolerance to their respective anti-nociceptive effects in the formalin test after chronic administration. Morphine tolerance did not also cross-generalize to the analgesic effects of XAE or XA. Conclusions: These findings establish the analgesic properties of the ethanol fruit extract of X. aethiopica and its major diterpene, xylopic acid.

  4. Rivaroxaban in patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Mega, Jessica L; Braunwald, Eugene; Wiviott, Stephen D

    2012-01-01

    Acute coronary syndromes arise from coronary atherosclerosis with superimposed thrombosis. Since factor Xa plays a central role in thrombosis, the inhibition of factor Xa with low-dose rivaroxaban might improve cardiovascular outcomes in patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome....

  5. Apixaban versus enoxaparin for thromboprophylaxis after hip replacement

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Lassen, Michael Rud; Gallus, Alexander; Raskob, Gary E

    2010-01-01

    There are various regimens for thromboprophylaxis after hip replacement. Low-molecular-weight heparins such as enoxaparin predominantly inhibit factor Xa but also inhibit thrombin to some degree. Orally active, specific factor Xa inhibitors such as apixaban may provide effective thromboprophylaxis...

  6. Edoxaban versus Warfarin for the Treatment of Symptomatic Venous Thromboembolism

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Büller, Harry R; Décousus, Hervé; Grosso, Michael A

    2013-01-01

    Whether the oral factor Xa inhibitor edoxaban can be an alternative to warfarin in patients with venous thromboembolism is unclear.......Whether the oral factor Xa inhibitor edoxaban can be an alternative to warfarin in patients with venous thromboembolism is unclear....

  7. Escalas bien formadas, palabras no bien formadasa y la dualidad de Christoffel

    OpenAIRE

    Domínguez Romero, Manuel

    2016-01-01

    La presente tesis analiza las escalas musicales generadas desde la perspectiva y las técnicas que ofrece la combinatoria algebraica de palabras. La noción de escala musical es una de las más primitivas: intuitivamente se puede reducir a un conjunto de notas ordenadas seg un la frecuencia de su fundamental (altura del sonido). Ya desde tiempos de la Escuela Pitagórica se vio que al pulsar una cuerda tensa, los sonidos que mejor suenan juntos, los más consonantes, están determinados por unas lo...

  8. Comparative physical mapping of rice BAC clones linked to resistance genes Glh,Bph-3 and xa-5 in Oryza sativa L.and O.granulata Nees et Am.ex Watt.

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    XIONG Zhiyong; TAN Guangxuan; YOU Aiqing; HE Guangyuan; SHE Chaowen; LI Lijia; SONG Yunchun

    2004-01-01

    Oryza granulata Nees et Arn. ex Watt. is one of the three wild relatives of rice, which are the most valuable for study and utilization in China. In this study, the homology and physical locations of three rice resistance genes, Glh,Bph-3 and xa-5 are comparatively analyzed between O. sativa and O. granulata by Southern blotting and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The results of Southern blotting indicate that there exist homologous sequences of the tested RFLP markers in O. granulata. By using three bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones scanned by the tested RFLP as probes, FISH signals are detected on both mitotic and pachytene chromosomes in O. sativa and O. granulata.Dual-color FISH demonstrates that two of the three BAC clones (14E16 and 38J9) are located on the short arm of the same chromosome pair in O. granulata. Additionally, colinearity is shown for the two clones between O. sativa and O.granulata. Another BAC clone 44B4 is located on the end of the short arm of other chromosome pair in these two species.Although the phylogenetic relationship between O. sativa and O. granulata is the most distinct in Oryza and these two species have evidently different biological features and ecological habits, the relative lengths and arm ratios of the detected chromosomes and the relative positions of the tested clone signals on chromosomes in O. granulata are quite similar to those in O. sativa.

  9. Helium effects on tungsten surface morphology and deuterium retention

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Ueda, Y.; H. Y. Peng,; H. T. Lee,; N. Ohno,; S. Kajita,; Yoshida, N.; Doerner, R.; De Temmerman, G.; V. Alimov,; G. Wright,

    2013-01-01

    Recent experimental results on tungsten surface morphology, especially nano-structure (fuzz), induced by helium plasma exposure at temperatures between 1000&#xa0;K and 2000&#xa0;K are reviewed. This structure was firstly reported in 2006. In this review, most of experimental results reported

  10. A new peptide (Ruviprase) purified from the venom of Daboia russelii russelii shows potent anticoagulant activity via non-enzymatic inhibition of thrombin and factor Xa.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Thakur, Rupamoni; Kumar, Ashok; Bose, Biplab; Panda, Dulal; Saikia, Debashree; Chattopadhyay, Pronobesh; Mukherjee, Ashis K

    2014-10-01

    Compounds showing dual inhibition of thrombin and factor Xa (FXa) are the subject of great interest owing to their broader specificity for effective anticoagulation therapy against cardiovascular disorders. This is the first report on the functional characterization and assessment of therapeutic potential of a 4423.6 Da inhibitory peptide (Ruviprase) purified from Daboia russelii russelii venom. The secondary structure of Ruviprase is composed of α-helices (61.9%) and random coils (38.1%). The partial N-terminal sequence (E(1)-V(2)-X(3)-W(4)-W(5)-W(6)-A(7)-Q(8)-L(9)-S(10)) of Ruviprase demonstrated significant similarity (80.0%) with an internal sequence of apoptosis-stimulating protein reported from the venom of Ophiophagus hannah and Python bivittatus; albeit Ruviprase did not show sequence similarity with existing thrombin/FXa inhibitors, suggesting its uniqueness. Ruviprase demonstrated a potent in vitro anticoagulant property and inhibited both thrombin and FXa following slow binding kinetics. Ruviprase inhibited thrombin by binding to its active site via an uncompetitive mechanism with a Ki value and dissociation constant (KD) of 0.42 μM and 0.46 μM, respectively. Conversely, Ruviprase demonstrated mixed inhibition (Ki = 0.16 μM) of FXa towards its physiological substrate prothrombin. Furthermore, the biological properties of Ruviprase could not be neutralized by commercial polyvalent or monovalent antivenom. Ruviprase at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg was non-toxic and showed potent in vivo anticoagulant activity after 6 h of intraperitoneal treatment in mice. Because of the potent anticoagulant property as well as non-toxic nature of Ruviprase, the possible application of the peptide as an antithrombotic agent for combating thrombosis-associated ailments appears promising. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

  11. Assessment of Heparin Anticoagulation Measured Using i-STAT and Hemochron Activated Clotting Time.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Maslow, Andrew; Chambers, Alison; Cheves, Tracey; Sweeney, Joseph

    2018-01-31

    Adequate anticoagulation, measured using activated clotting time (ACT), is important during vascular and cardiac surgeries. Unfractionated heparin is the most common anticoagulant used. The purpose of this analysis was to compare the i-STAT ACT (iACT) to the Hemochron ACT (hACT), both of which were then compared to anti-factor Xa (anti-Xa) assay, a representation of heparin level and activity. Prospective study. Tertiary care cardiovascular center. Eleven consecutive elective adult cardiac surgical patients. Prior to cardiopulmonary bypass, ACTs were measured using i-STAT and Hemochron technologies and compared to each other and to anti-Xa assay prior to and during a cumulative administration of heparin. Data were compared using bias analyses. Heparin (300 U/kg) was administered in quarterly doses. Coagulation labs were collected prior to and 3 minutes after each quarterly dose of heparin. The baseline ACTs for i-STAT and Hemochron were 147 and 142 seconds, respectively. A significant association was found between iACT and hACT (p = 0.002). The iACT measurements underestimated hACT at ACT levels >180 seconds or anti-Xa levels >0.75 U/mL. No significant difference was found between ACT data at anti-Xa levels 0.75 U/mL. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  12. The impact of founder events on chromosomal variability in multiply mating species

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Pool, John E; Nielsen, Rasmus

    2008-01-01

    size reductions and recent bottlenecks leading to decreased X/A diversity ratios. Here we use theory and simulation to investigate a separate demographic effect-that of founder events involving multiply mated females-and find that it leads to much stronger reductions in X/A diversity ratios than...

  13. Síndrome de Rett: 50 años de historia de un trastorno aun no bien conocido Rett syndrome: 50 years' history of a still not well known condition

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jaime Campos-Castello

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available Desde que fue descrito por primera vez por Andreas Rett hace 50 años, el síndrome de Rett (SR ha sido objeto de muchas investigaciones, sin embargo continúa siendo un trastorno aún no bien conocido. Presentamos nuestra propia experiencia y una revisión de la literatura sobre el SR. Se trata de un trastorno del neurodesarrollo, dominante ligado a X, que afecta casi siempre a mujeres, la mayoría de los casos de forma esporádica. El diagnóstico de SR debe hacerse en base a la observación clínica. Las principales características son la aparición de un retraso mental, cambios conductuales, estereotipias, pérdida del lenguaje y, sobre todo, del uso propositivo de las manos, aparición de una apraxia de la marcha, presencia de alteraciones de la respiración y, frecuentemente, crisis epilépticas. Los criterios diagnósticos consensuados internacionalmente son aquí revisados. El SR se debe en la mayoría de casos a mutaciones del gen MECP2, si bien una proporción de casos atípicos puede estar causada por mutaciones de CDKL5, particularmente la variante con epilepsia precoz. Sin embargo, los mecanismos patogénicos moleculares no son bien conocidos, así como la relación entre las mutaciones de MECP2 y otros trastornos del desarrollo. Revisamos también los hallazgos de neuroimagen, neuropatológicos y neurobioquímicos descritos en el SR. Respecto al tratamiento, aparte del sintomático, no hay ninguno que se haya mostrado eficaz. Un trabajo reciente abre perspectivas terapéuticas futuras al haber demostrado mediante un modelo animal de ratón la reversión de los síntomas neurológicos mediante la activación de la expresión de MeCP2.Since it was first described by Andrea Rett 50 years ago, Rett syndrome (RS has been the subject of further investigations, nonetheless it continues to be a not well known condition. Our own experience and an updated literature review on RS is presented. RS is a severe dominant X chromosome

  14. A novel protease activity assay using a protease-responsive chaperone protein

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sao, Kentaro; Murata, Masaharu; Fujisaki, Yuri; Umezaki, Kaori; Mori, Takeshi; Niidome, Takuro; Katayama, Yoshiki; Hashizume, Makoto

    2009-01-01

    Protease activity assays are important for elucidating protease function and for developing new therapeutic agents. In this study, a novel turbidimetric method for determining the protease activity using a protease-responsive chaperone protein is described. For this purpose, a recombinant small heat-shock protein (sHSP) with an introduced Factor Xa protease recognition site was synthesized in bacteria. This recombinant mutant, FXa-HSP, exhibited chaperone-like activity at high temperatures in cell lysates. However, the chaperone-like activity of FXa-HSP decreased dramatically following treatment with Factor Xa. Protein precipitation was subsequently observed in the cell lysates. The reaction was Factor Xa concentration-dependent and was quantitatively suppressed by a specific inhibitor for Factor Xa. Protein aggregation was detected by a simple method based on turbidimetry. The results clearly demonstrate that this assay is an effective, easy-to-use method for determining protease activities without the requirement of labeling procedures and the use of radioisotopes.

  15. A novel protease activity assay using a protease-responsive chaperone protein

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sao, Kentaro [Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 (Japan); Murata, Masaharu, E-mail: m-murata@dem.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp [Department of Advanced Medical Initiatives, Faculty of Medical Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku Fukuoka 812-8582 (Japan); Fujisaki, Yuri; Umezaki, Kaori [Department of Advanced Medical Initiatives, Faculty of Medical Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku Fukuoka 812-8582 (Japan); Mori, Takeshi; Niidome, Takuro; Katayama, Yoshiki [Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 (Japan); Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 (Japan); Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 (Japan); Hashizume, Makoto [Department of Advanced Medical Initiatives, Faculty of Medical Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku Fukuoka 812-8582 (Japan)

    2009-06-05

    Protease activity assays are important for elucidating protease function and for developing new therapeutic agents. In this study, a novel turbidimetric method for determining the protease activity using a protease-responsive chaperone protein is described. For this purpose, a recombinant small heat-shock protein (sHSP) with an introduced Factor Xa protease recognition site was synthesized in bacteria. This recombinant mutant, FXa-HSP, exhibited chaperone-like activity at high temperatures in cell lysates. However, the chaperone-like activity of FXa-HSP decreased dramatically following treatment with Factor Xa. Protein precipitation was subsequently observed in the cell lysates. The reaction was Factor Xa concentration-dependent and was quantitatively suppressed by a specific inhibitor for Factor Xa. Protein aggregation was detected by a simple method based on turbidimetry. The results clearly demonstrate that this assay is an effective, easy-to-use method for determining protease activities without the requirement of labeling procedures and the use of radioisotopes.

  16. Simultaneous and Sequential Feature Negative Discriminations: Elemental Learning and Occasion Setting in Human Pavlovian Conditioning

    Science.gov (United States)

    Baeyens, Frank; Vervliet, Bram; Vansteenwegen, Debora; Beckers, Tom; Hermans, Dirk; Eelen, Paul

    2004-01-01

    Using a conditioned suppression task, we investigated simultaneous (XA-/A+) vs. sequential (X [right arrow] A-/A+) Feature Negative (FN) discrimination learning in humans. We expected the simultaneous discrimination to result in X (or alternatively the XA configuration) becoming an inhibitor acting directly on the US, and the sequential…

  17. African Journal of Biotechnology - Vol 11, No 33 (2012)

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Introgression of bacterial blight (BB) resistance genes Xa7 and Xa21 into popular restorer line and their hybrids by molecular marker-assisted backcross (MABC) selection scheme ... Concentration of selected heavy metals in water of the Juru River, Penang, Malaysia · EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT

  18. Cavalieri Integration - CSIR Technical report

    CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

    Grobler, TL

    2011-10-01

    Full Text Available ] is called a translational function. Two examples of trans- lational functions are shown in Figure 4.A and Figure 4.B, and Figure 4.C presents an example of a linear function a(y) which is not translational with respect to f(x). y f(x) xa b a(y) A. y... f(x) xa b a(y) B. y f(x) xa b a(y) C. Figure 4. Examples of translational, and non-translational functions. De nition 3.2 (Cavalieri region R). Let R be any region (in R2) bounded by a nonnegative function f(x) (which is continuous...

  19. Cavalieri integration

    CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

    Ackermann, ER

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available ; b] is called a translational function. Two examples of translational functions are shown in Figure 4.A and Figure 4.B, and Figure 4.C presents an example of a linear function a(y) which is not translational with respect to f(x). y f(x) xa b a...(y) A. y f(x) xa b a(y) B. y f(x) xa b a(y) C. Figure 4: Examples of translational, and non-translational functions. De nition 3.2 (Cavalieri region R). Let R be any region (in R2) bounded by a nonnegative function f(x) (which is continuous...

  20. Reciprocidad en sectores populares : La circulaciones de bienes materiales y simbólicos como estrategias de dominación legítima para la reproducción de diferencias sociales en una villa de la ciudad de Córdoba

    OpenAIRE

    Merino, Luis Francisco

    2012-01-01

    el siguiente trabajo exploratorio se propone describir los cambios que tuvieron lugar a partir del 2003 en la circulación de bienes y servicios, entre la referente comunitaria del comedor “La Divina esperanza para un niño” y los vecinos del sector este del “Bajo”. En este sentido, pretenderemos dar cuenta de la importancia del proceso de “apadrinamiento”, por parte de una ONG local, del comedor en la que su referente comunitaria pasa a ser un nexo fundamental entre la dirigencia política y lo...

  1. Journal of Genetics | Indian Academy of Sciences

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    ... backcross derived line possessing Xa21 + Pi2 and another possessing Xa33 were intercrossed to stack the target resistance genes into the genetic background of RPHR-1005. At ICF4, 10 promising lines possessing three resistance genes in homozygous condition along with fine-grain type, complete fertility restoration, ...

  2. Paris saponin-induced autophagy promotes breast cancer cell apoptosis via the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xie, Zhan-Zhi; Li, Man-Mei; Deng, Peng-Fei; Wang, Sheng; Wang, Lei; Lu, Xue-Ping; Hu, Liu-Bing; Chen, Zui; Jie, Hui-Yang; Wang, Yi-Fei; Liu, Xiao-Xiao; Liu, Zhong

    2017-02-25

    Paris saponins possess anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral effects. However, the anticancer effect of Paris saponins has not been well elucidated and the mechanisms underlying the potential function of Paris saponins in cancer therapy are needed to be further identify. In this study, we report that saponin compounds isolated from Paris polyphylla exhibited antitumor activity against breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. Paris saponin XA-2 induced apoptosis in both cell lines, as evidenced by the activation of caspases and cleavage of Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. The ability of XA-2 to induce autophagy was confirmed by acridine orange staining, accumulation of autophagosome-bound Long chain 3 (LC3)-II, and measurement of autophagic flux. XA-2-induced autophagy was observed to promote apoptosis by the combined treatment of breast cancer cell lines with XA-2 and autophagy inhibitors 3-methyladenine and bafilomycin A1, respectively. Moreover, we report a decrease in the levels of Akt/mTOR signaling pathway proteins, such as the phosphorylated forms of Akt, mTOR, P70S6K, and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1). Taken together, these results provide important insights explaining the anticancer activity of Paris saponins and the potential development of XA-2 as a new therapeutic agent. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  3. Characterization of a disease susceptibility locus for exploring an efficient way to improve rice resistance against bacterial blight

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    Qi Cheng; Weihua Mao; Wenya Xie; Qinsong Liu; Jianbo Cao; Meng Yuan; Qinglu Zhang; Xianghua Li; Shiping Wang

    2017-01-01

    Bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae (Xoo) is the most harmful bacterial disease of rice worldwide.Previously,we characterized major disease resistance (MR) gene xa25,which confers race-specific resistance to Xoo strain PXO339.The xa25 is a recessive allele of the SWEET13 locus,but SWEET13's interaction with PXO339 and how efficiently using this locus for rice breeding still need to be defined.Here we show that the SWEET13 allele from rice Zhenshan 97 is a susceptibility gene to PXO339.Using this allele's promoter to regulate xa25 resulted in disease,suggesting that the promoter is a key determinant in SWEET13 caused disease in Zhanshan 97 after PXO339 infection.PXO339 transcriptionally induces SWEET13 to cause disease.Partial suppressing SWEET13 expression leads to a high level of resistance to PXO339.Thus,the transcriptionally suppressed SWEET13 functions as xa25 in resistance to PXO339.Hybrid rice is widely grown in many countries.However,recessive MR genes have not been efficiently used for disease resistance breeding in hybrid rice production for both parents of the hybrid have to carry the same recessive gene.However,the suppressed SWEET13 functions dominantly,which will have advantage to improve the resistance of hybrid rice to xa25-incomptible Xoo.

  4. L’apprentissage du bien-être animal chez de futures professionnels animaliers : des éthiques animals malmenées

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vidal Michel

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Les débats dont le bien-être animal est l’objet entre chercheurs, professionnels et associations en font une question socialement vive scientifico-éthique. Ils en interrogent l’éducabilité alors que cette notion est prise en compte dans les curricula de l’enseignement agricole. Envisageant son enseignement au travers d’une éducation à l’empathie interspécifique, nous questionnons les facteurs susceptibles de l’influencer. Nous nous fondons sur le discours de sept élèves en baccalauréat professionnel relevant de l’élevage d’animaux de production ou d’animaux de compagnie durant deux années de formation. Six élèves, quelle que soit leur filière de formation, souhaitent créer une relation affective sans nécessairement développer une attitude empathique durant la formation. Parmi les facteurs responsables, nous distinguons (1 un manque de confiance en soi de l’élève, (2 des motivations égocentrées primant sur des motivations zoocentrées, (3 la loyauté et les habitudes acquises à l’égard des pratiques parentales, (4 la conformation aux pratiques et idéologies dominantes du monde professionnel, (5 des facteurs associés aux situations d’enseignement (savoirs et pratiques de référence qui font autorité, valeurs de conformité primant sur des valeurs éthiques, dissociation de la dimension relationnelle et productive de l’élevage, jugements négatifs portés par l’enseignant et les élèves originaires du monde agricole. Ces facteurs généreraient des mécanismes de défense chez l’élève nuisibles au développement d’un raisonnement affectivo-éthique critique.

  5. An ultrasensitive electrochemical sensor for simultaneous determination of xanthine, hypoxanthine and uric acid based on Co doped CeO{sub 2} nanoparticles

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lavanya, N. [Department of Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamilnadu (India); Sekar, C., E-mail: Sekar2025@gmail.com [Department of Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamilnadu (India); Murugan, R.; Ravi, G. [Department of Physics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamilnadu (India)

    2016-08-01

    A novel electrochemical sensor has been fabricated using Co doped CeO{sub 2} nanoparticles for selective and simultaneous determination of xanthine (XA), hypoxanthine (HXA) and uric acid (UA) in a phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH 5.0) for the first time. The Co-CeO{sub 2} NPs have been prepared by microwave irradiation method and characterized by Powder XRD, Raman spectroscopy, HRTEM and VSM measurements. The electrochemical behaviours of XA, HXA and UA at the Co-CeO{sub 2} NPs modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) were studied by cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry methods. The modified electrode exhibited remarkably well-separated anodic peaks corresponding to the oxidation of XA, HXA and UA over the concentration range of 0.1–1000, 1–600 and 1–2200 μM with detection limits of 0.096, 0.36, and 0.12 μM (S/N = 3), respectively. For simultaneous detection by synchronous change of the concentrations of XA, HXA and UA, the linear responses were in the range of 1–400 μM each with the detection limits of 0.47, 0.26, and 0.43 μM (S/N = 3), respectively. The fabricated sensor was further applied to the detection of XA, HXA and UA in human urine samples with good selectivity and high reproducibility. - Highlights: • A novel electrochemical sensor has been fabricated for simultaneous determination of purine metabolites xanthine, hypoxanthine, and uric acid based on Co doped CeO{sub 2} nanoparticles. • The Co-CeO{sub 2} modified glassy carbon electrode exhibited wide linear range towards the detection of XA, HXA and UA than ever reported in the literature. • The fabricated sensor was successfully applied for the analysis of human urine samples with satisfactory results.

  6. Strategy Of Attrition: Why General Westmoreland Failed In 1967

    Science.gov (United States)

    2016-05-26

    assault on South Vietnamese regulars at Xa Tan Hung resulted in...with forty-six wounded. To complicate the situation, civilian casualties continued to mass. During the attack at Xa Tan Hung, the Viet Cong wounded...Ronald H. Advice And Support: The Early. Years, 1941-1960. Washington, DC: Center of Military History,1985. Taleb, Nassim Nicholas . Antifragile: Things

  7. Abscisic acid, xanthoxin and violaxanthin in the caps of gravistimulated maize roots

    Science.gov (United States)

    Feldman, L. J.; Arroyave, N. J.; Sun, P. S.

    1985-01-01

    The occurrence and distribution of abscisic acid (ABA), xanthoxin (Xa) and the carotenoid violaxanthin (Va) were investigated in root tips of maize (Zea mays L. cv. Merit). In roots grown in the dark, Va and ABA were present in relatively high amounts in the root cap and in low amounts in the adjacent terminal 1.5 mm of the root. Xanthoxin was present in equal concentrations in both regions. In roots exposed to light, the ABA distribution was reversed, with relatively low levels in the root cap and high levels in the adjacent 1.5-mm segment. Light also caused a decrease in Va in both regions of the root and an increase in Xa, especially in the cap. In the maize cultivar used for this work, light is necessary for gravitropic curving. This response occurs within the same time frame as the light-induced ABA redistribution as well as the changes in the levels of Va and Xa. These data are consistent with a role for ABA in root gravitropism and support the proposal that Xa may arise from the turnover of Va.

  8. Los bienes de interés cultural de Gáldar (Canarias y el conjunto histórico “Plaza de Santiago” (1981-2006

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Sebastián López García

    2013-10-01

    Full Text Available En 1981, hace veinticinco años, la zona central de Gáldar fue declarada “Conjunto Histórico Artístico” con la denominación de Plaza de Santiago. Sin embargo no era el primer bien cultural que obtenía una distinción de este tipo, ya que Gáldar había sido pionera en 1949 con el yacimiento de El Agujero y La Guancha, primero de los de carácter arqueológico declarado en Canarias, al que seguiría en 1972 la Cueva Pintada. Hasta la década de los setenta prevalecieron los bienes arqueológicos, situación que se modificó en las dos últimas décadas del siglo XX después del reconocimiento de la Plaza de Santiago y su entorno. Junto con edificaciones religiosas también se incluyeron ejemplos de arquitectura doméstica, completándose con algunos yacimientos prehispánicos. Una particular circunstancia fue la declaración en 1993 del pago de Barranco Hondo de Abajo, lo que convertía a Gáldar en el primer municipio de Canarias que contaba con dos conjuntos históricos, siendo éste a la vez el primero de la comunidad autonóma con características rurales. De la relación de los declarados, si exceptuamos la mayoría de los de carácter arqueológico, buena parte son urbanos. Una característica es que se incluyen categorías variadas, incluyendo la existencia de una zona arqueológica junto a un conjunto histórico y varios monumentos (de arquitectura religiosa y doméstica. Este hecho es lógico si se tiene en cuenta la particularidad de Gáldar y su condición de núcleo histórico de superposición.Twenty five years ago, in 1981, the central zone of Galdar was declared an "Historic Artistic Site" with the name of Plaza de Santiago. But this was not the first cultural asset to obtain a distinction of this kind, as Galdar pioneered protection of this kind with the El Agujero and La Guancha site, the first archaeological site declared in the Canary Islands, followed by La Cueva Pintada, in 1972. Archaeological assets prevailed up

  9. Simulating Ru L 3 -Edge X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy with Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory: Model Complexes and Electron Localization in Mixed-Valence Metal Dimers

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Van Kuiken, Benjamin E.; Valiev, Marat; Daifuku, Stephanie L.; Bannan, Caitlin; Strader, Matthew L.; Cho, Hana; Huse, Nils; Schoenlein, Robert W.; Govind, Niranjan; Khalil, Munira

    2013-05-30

    Ruthenium L3-edge X-ray absorption (XA) spectroscopy probes unoccupied 4d orbitals of the metal atom and is increasingly being used to investigate the local electronic structure in ground and excited electronic states of Ru complexes. The simultaneous development of computational tools for simulating Ru L3-edge spectra is crucial for interpreting the spectral features at a molecular level. This study demonstrates that time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) is a viable and predictive tool for simulating ruthenium L3-edge XA spectroscopy. We systematically investigate the effects of exchange correlation functional and implicit and explicit solvent interactions on a series of RuII and RuIII complexes in their ground and electronic excited states. The TDDFT simulations reproduce all of the experimentally observed features in Ru L3-edge XA spectra within the experimental resolution (0.4 eV). Our simulations identify ligand-specific charge transfer features in complicated Ru L3-edge spectra of [Ru(CN)6]4- and RuII polypyridyl complexes illustrating the advantage of using TDDFT in complex systems. We conclude that the B3LYP functional most accurately predicts the transition energies of charge transfer features in these systems. We use our TDDFT approach to simulate experimental Ru L3-edge XA spectra of transition metal mixed-valence dimers of the form [(NC)5MII-CN-RuIII(NH3)5] (where M = Fe or Ru) dissolved in water. Our study determines the spectral signatures of electron delocalization in Ru L3-edge XA spectra. We find that the inclusion of explicit solvent molecules is necessary for reproducing the spectral features and the experimentally determined valencies in these mixed-valence complexes. This study validates the use of TDDFT for simulating Ru 2p excitations using popular quantum chemistry codes and providing a powerful interpretive tool for equilibrium and ultrafast Ru L3-edge XA spectroscopy.

  10. Transcriptomic Analysis and the Expression of Disease-Resistant Genes in Oryza meyeriana under Native Condition.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bin He

    Full Text Available Oryza meyeriana (O. meyeriana, with a GG genome type (2n = 24, accumulated plentiful excellent characteristics with respect to resistance to many diseases such as rice shade and blast, even immunity to bacterial blight. It is very important to know if the diseases-resistant genes exist and express in this wild rice under native conditions. However, limited genomic or transcriptomic data of O. meyeriana are currently available. In this study, we present the first comprehensive characterization of the O. meyeriana transcriptome using RNA-seq and obtained 185,323 contigs with an average length of 1,692 bp and an N50 of 2,391 bp. Through differential expression analysis, it was found that there were most tissue-specifically expressed genes in roots, and next to stems and leaves. By similarity search against protein databases, 146,450 had at least a significant alignment to existed gene models. Comparison with the Oryza sativa (japonica-type Nipponbare and indica-type 93-11 genomes revealed that 13% of the O. meyeriana contigs had not been detected in O. sativa. Many diseases-resistant genes, such as bacterial blight resistant, blast resistant, rust resistant, fusarium resistant, cyst nematode resistant and downy mildew gene, were mined from the transcriptomic database. There are two kinds of rice bacterial blight-resistant genes (Xa1 and Xa26 differentially or specifically expressed in O. meyeriana. The 4 Xa1 contigs were all only expressed in root, while three of Xa26 contigs have the highest expression level in leaves, two of Xa26 contigs have the highest expression profile in stems and one of Xa26 contigs was expressed dominantly in roots. The transcriptomic database of O. meyeriana has been constructed and many diseases-resistant genes were found to express under native condition, which provides a foundation for future discovery of a number of novel genes and provides a basis for studying the molecular mechanisms associated with disease

  11. Simulating Ru L3-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy with time-dependent density functional theory: model complexes and electron localization in mixed-valence metal dimers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Van Kuiken, Benjamin E; Valiev, Marat; Daifuku, Stephanie L; Bannan, Caitlin; Strader, Matthew L; Cho, Hana; Huse, Nils; Schoenlein, Robert W; Govind, Niranjan; Khalil, Munira

    2013-05-30

    Ruthenium L3-edge X-ray absorption (XA) spectroscopy probes unoccupied 4d orbitals of the metal atom and is increasingly being used to investigate the local electronic structure in ground and excited electronic states of Ru complexes. The simultaneous development of computational tools for simulating Ru L3-edge spectra is crucial for interpreting the spectral features at a molecular level. This study demonstrates that time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) is a viable and predictive tool for simulating ruthenium L3-edge XA spectroscopy. We systematically investigate the effects of exchange correlation functional and implicit and explicit solvent interactions on a series of Ru(II) and Ru(III) complexes in their ground and electronic excited states. The TDDFT simulations reproduce all of the experimentally observed features in Ru L3-edge XA spectra within the experimental resolution (0.4 eV). Our simulations identify ligand-specific charge transfer features in complicated Ru L3-edge spectra of [Ru(CN)6](4-) and Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes illustrating the advantage of using TDDFT in complex systems. We conclude that the B3LYP functional most accurately predicts the transition energies of charge transfer features in these systems. We use our TDDFT approach to simulate experimental Ru L3-edge XA spectra of transition metal mixed-valence dimers of the form [(NC)5M(II)-CN-Ru(III)(NH3)5](-) (where M = Fe or Ru) dissolved in water. Our study determines the spectral signatures of electron delocalization in Ru L3-edge XA spectra. We find that the inclusion of explicit solvent molecules is necessary for reproducing the spectral features and the experimentally determined valencies in these mixed-valence complexes. This study validates the use of TDDFT for simulating Ru 2p excitations using popular quantum chemistry codes and providing a powerful interpretive tool for equilibrium and ultrafast Ru L3-edge XA spectroscopy.

  12. SIRT1 genetic variants associate with the metabolic response of Caucasians to a controlled lifestyle intervention – the TULIP Study

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Stefan Norbert

    2008-11-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Sirtuin1 (SIRT1 regulates gene expression in distinct metabolic pathways and mediates beneficial effects of caloric restriction in animal models. In humans, SIRT1 genetic variants associate with fasting energy expenditure. To investigate the relevance of SIRT1 for human metabolism and caloric restriction, we analyzed SIRT1 genetic variants in respect to the outcome of a controlled lifestyle intervention in Caucasians at risk for type 2 diabetes. Methods A total of 1013 non-diabetic Caucasians from the Tuebingen Family Study (TUEF were genotyped for four tagging SIRT1 SNPs (rs730821, rs12413112, rs7069102, rs2273773 for cross-sectional association analyses with prediabetic traits. SNPs that associated with basal energy expenditure in the TUEF cohort were additionally analyzed in 196 individuals who underwent a controlled lifestyle intervention (Tuebingen Lifestyle Intervention Program; TULIP. Multivariate regressions analyses with adjustment for relevant covariates were performed to detect associations of SIRT1 variants with the changes in anthropometrics, weight, body fat or metabolic characteristics (blood glucose, insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion and liver fat, measured by magnetic resonance techniques after the 9-month follow-up test in the TULIP study. Results Minor allele (X/A carriers of rs12413112 (G/A had a significantly lower basal energy expenditure (p = 0.04 and an increased respiratory quotient (p = 0.02. This group (rs12413112: X/A was resistant against lifestyle-induced improvement of fasting plasma glucose (GG: -2.01%, X/A: 0.53%; p = 0.04, had less increase in insulin sensitivity (GG: 17.3%, X/A: 9.6%; p = 0.05 and an attenuated decline in liver fat (GG: -38.4%, X/A: -7.5%; p = 0.01. Conclusion SIRT1 plays a role for the individual lifestyle intervention response, possibly owing to decreased basal energy expenditure and a lower lipid-oxidation rate in rs12413112 X/A allele carriers. SIRT1 genetic

  13. Honor femenino y economía de bienes simbólicos en Maracaibo, Venezuela, a finales del siglo XIX (1880 – 1900

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Rincón Rubio

    2008-05-01

    Full Text Available Se presenta en este trabajo una aproximación antropológica a las representaciones culturales del honor femenino circulantes en la ciudad de Maracaibo, Venezuela, a finales del siglo XIX. La investigación realizada adopta un enfoque teórico-metodológico de corte estructuralista-constructivista, abordando el orden social como un sistema simbólico organizado según una lógica de la diferencia y partiendo de la premisa de que prácticas y representaciones están orientadas externamente por las estructuras objetivas de la sociedad, e internamente por esquemas de percepción, pensamiento y acción de origen social. Al tratarse de un trabajo de antropología histórica, los informantes fueron sustituidos por fuentes documentales ubicadas en diferentes archivos venezolanos. Se encuentra que las representaciones culturales del honor femenino en la sociedad en cuestión asociaban este concepto con la castidad sexual, reproduciendo esquemas culturales vigentes en la órbita del mundo occidental y proporcionando una lógica para el mantenimiento de relaciones desiguales de género y poder en la vida pública y privada de los marabinos. El capital social y el capital simbólico habrían sido componentes fundamentales del capital total de que se disponía entonces en la lucha cotidiana por la obtención de recursos y por el reconocimiento social, en una economía de bienes simbólicos que atribuía al parecer preferentemente a los hombres el trabajo oficial de conservación o incremento de dichas formas de capital.

  14. El trabajo independiente de los estudiantes de la asignatura Bienes de la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad Simón Bolívar frente al aprendizaje autónomo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana María Ortega Gómez

    2015-10-01

    Full Text Available El presente artículo surge del desarrollo del trabajo de grado de la Maestría en Educación. Se pretende establecer de qué manera el trabajo independiente de los estudiantes de la asignatura civil Bienes del Programa de Derecho de la Universidad Simón Bolívar desarrolla el aprendizaje autónomo bajo el sistema de créditos académicos, ya que es importante obtener una visión más clara y una interpretación más crítica al interior del aula.Abstract The present article springs out from the development of the work of the Master Degree course in Education. It pretends to establish the way the independent work of the students of the subject of Civil Property at the law Program of the University Simon Bolivar develops the autonomous learning Under the academia credit system, as it is important to have a clearer sight and a better and more critical interpretation of the teaching room.

  15. Monitoring low molecular weight heparins at therapeutic levels: dose-responses of, and correlations and differences between aPTT, anti-factor Xa and thrombin generation assays.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Owain Thomas

    Full Text Available Low molecular weight heparins (LMWH's are used to prevent and treat thrombosis. Tests for monitoring LMWH's include anti-factor Xa (anti-FXa, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT and thrombin generation. Anti-FXa is the current gold standard despite LMWH's varying affinities for FXa and thrombin.To examine the effects of two different LMWH's on the results of 4 different aPTT-tests, anti-FXa activity and thrombin generation and to assess the tests' concordance.Enoxaparin and tinzaparin were added ex-vivo in concentrations of 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 anti-FXa international units (IU/mL, to blood from 10 volunteers. aPTT was measured using two whole blood methods (Free oscillation rheometry (FOR and Hemochron Jr (HCJ and an optical plasma method using two different reagents (ActinFSL and PTT-Automat. Anti-FXa activity was quantified using a chromogenic assay. Thrombin generation (Endogenous Thrombin Potential, ETP was measured on a Ceveron Alpha instrument using the TGA RB and more tissue-factor rich TGA RC reagents.Methods' mean aPTT at 1.0 IU/mL LMWH varied between 54s (SD 11 and 69s (SD 14 for enoxaparin and between 101s (SD 21 and 140s (SD 28 for tinzaparin. ActinFSL gave significantly shorter aPTT results. aPTT and anti-FXa generally correlated well. ETP as measured with the TGA RC reagent but not the TGA RB reagent showed an inverse exponential relationship to the concentration of LMWH. The HCJ-aPTT results had the weakest correlation to anti-FXa and thrombin generation (Rs0.62-0.87, whereas the other aPTT methods had similar correlation coefficients (Rs0.80-0.92.aPTT displays a linear dose-response to LMWH. There is variation between aPTT assays. Tinzaparin increases aPTT and decreases thrombin generation more than enoxaparin at any given level of anti-FXa activity, casting doubt on anti-FXa's present gold standard status. Thrombin generation with tissue factor-rich activator is a promising method for monitoring LMWH's.

  16. New paleomagnetic results from the Permian and Mesozoic rocks in central and northeast Thailand: their implications for the construction of the Indochina block in Pangea

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, D.; Yan, Y.; Huang, B.; Zhao, J.

    2015-12-01

    Paleomagnetic studies of the Indochina block, aiming to reconstruct the paleogeography, have been undertaken for several decades. Since the Indochina block is lack of reliable paleomagnetic data to constraint its paleo-positions during the Middle Permian to Upper Triassic, the paleogeography reconstruction is still in debate between different models reported. Here we present new paleomagnetic data of Middle Permian to Upper Triassic sediment rocks from the Indochina block in Thailand, and recalculate paleomagnetic data reported by different authors. We collected the Permian samples in 20 sites distributed in the central Thailand, and Triassic samples from the Huai Hin Lat and Nam Phong formations in 13 sites in the northern Thailand.The magnetic directions of the 11 sites of Permian limestones are not significantly clustered after tilt correction which implying a remagnetized result. Remarkably, in geographic coordinate, the 11 sites were distributed along a circle showing a similar inclination which is 22.9° implying the paleolatitude to be about 12°. Totally, 13 sites from the Huai Hin Lat formation are included in the calculation of the formation mean direction Dg/Ig = 21.4°/38.1°, kg = 19.5, α95 = 9.6° before and Ds/Is = 43.0°/48.0°, ks = 47.4, α95 = 6.1°, N = 13 after bedding correction. A pre-folding characteristic magnetization is suggested by the positive fold test result derived from the Huai Hin Lat formation, and thus implies a primary remanence of the Norian Stage Upper Triassic rocks. A new Nam Phong formation mean direction derived from 11 sites is Dg/Ig = 36.5°/31.3°, kg = 14.7, α95 = 12.3°before and Ds/Is = 36.4°/37.8°, ks = 68.5, α95 = 5.6°, N = 11 after bedding correction. The two formation mean directions correspond to the magnetic pole positions , Plat./Plon=48.7°N/165.9°E, A95=7.2° and Plat./Plon=55.2°N/178.0°E, A95=5.9°, respectively. A remarkable tectonic movement (~8° southward) of the Indochina block from the age of

  17. Determination of enoxaparin with rotational thrombelastometry using the prothrombinase-induced clotting time reagent.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Schaden, Eva; Schober, Andreas; Hacker, Stefan; Spiss, Christian; Chiari, Astrid; Kozek-Langenecker, Sibylle

    2010-04-01

    Drug monitoring of low molecular weight heparin is generally not recommended, but could be reasonable in critically ill patients, whose risk for bleeding or thrombosis shows a high interpatient variability. Anti-Xa assays are not available around the clock even in central hospitals, whereas rotational thrombelastometry (ROTEM) becomes increasingly used at the bedside. Prothrombinase-induced clotting time (PiCT) reagent allows determination of factor Xa-inhibition in plasma. The aim of our study was to evaluate enoxaparin determination in whole blood with the ROTEM using specific test modifications, including PiCT. After ethics committee's approval, citrated whole blood obtained from overall 16 healthy volunteers was incubated with enoxaparin at 16 different anti-Xa concentrations. Main endpoint was the clotting time (CT) in ROTEM representing initial activation of clot formation. CT was determined in the new PiCT-ROTEM test, in a low-tissue factor-activated modification (LowTF-ROTEM) as well as in the commercially available heparin-sensitive ROTEM assays (HEPTEM and INTEM). In the absence of enoxaparin, CT values were 168.6 +/- 6.1 s (PiCT-ROTEM), 247.3 +/- 18.6 s (LowTF-ROTEM), and -6.2 +/- 7.9 s (INTEM-HEPTEM). A linear dependency (P anti-Xa concentration and CT was found for PiCT-ROTEM, LowTF-ROTEM, and for INTEM-HEPTEM with correlation coefficients of 0.93 for PiCT-ROTEM, 0.94 for LowTF-ROTEM, and 0.81 for INTEM-HEPTEM. This in-vitro experiment demonstrates a strong correlation between enoxaparin anti-Xa concentrations and specific ROTEM tests. These promising assays should be further evaluated for monitoring anticoagulation in high-risk patients in clinical studies.

  18. LA QUIEBRA SIN BIENES: UNA APROXIMACIÓN DESDE EL ANÁLISIS ECONÓMICO DEL DERECHO Bankruptcy with no assets: An approximation from the economic analysis of law

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Raúl Núñez Ojeda

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente trabajo trata de la quiebra sin bienes, esto es, de aquellos juicios en donde hay inexistencia o insuficiencia del patrimonio del fallido para afrontar los costos que supone la quiebra. En ambos supuestos, no se justifica económicamente dicho proceso. Sin embargo, nuestra legislación no contempla mecanismos apropiados para impedir el inicio o continuación de un juicio de quiebras en donde se acredite la inexistencia o insuficiencias de activos, los que se promueven, a pesar de sus altos costos, con la única finalidad de satisfacer la venganza de los acreedores, incentivados, estos últimos, por la posibilidad de perseguir criminalmente al deudor.The present paper is about the bankruptcy with no assets, that is, those trials where there is lack or insufficiency of the assets of bankrupt to face the costs of bankruptcy has involved. In both cases, no such process is economically justified. However, our legislation does not provide appropriate mechanisms to prevent the beginning or continuation of a bankruptcies trial in which it is established the absence or insufficiency of assets, which are promoted despite their high costs, with the only purpose of satisfying the revenge of creditors, motivated the latest by the possibility of prosecuting the debtor criminally.

  19. Oral heparin results in the appearance of heparin fragments in the plasma of rats

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Larsen, A.K.; Lund, D.P.; Langer, R.; Folkman, J.

    1986-01-01

    We have previously shown that angiogenesis inhibition and tumor regression can be accomplished by combinations of heparin or heparin fragments with cortisone. Oral heparin was also effective in combination with cortisone. We now show that a single oral dose of [ 35 S]heparin or [ 3 H]heparin (15,000 units/kg) results in continuous release of radioactive material into the bloodstream for at least 12 hr. This is associated with the presence of anti-factor Xa activity at a level of approximately equal to 0.1 unit/ml. The radioactive material is identified as oligo-, di-, and monosaccharides by its behavior in chromatographic systems, its possession of anti-factor Xa activity, and the effect of treatment with bacterial heparinase. The heparin fragments are extensively metabolized to fragments without anti-factor Xa activity that are readily subject to urinary excretion

  20. Searching Online Chemical Data Repositories via the ChemAgora Portal.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zanzi, Antonella; Wittwehr, Clemens

    2017-12-26

    ChemAgora, a web application designed and developed in the context of the "Data Infrastructure for Chemical Safety Assessment" (diXa) project, provides search capabilities to chemical data from resources available online, enabling users to cross-reference their search results with both regulatory chemical information and public chemical databases. ChemAgora, through an on-the-fly search, informs whether a chemical is known or not in each of the external data sources and provides clikable links leading to the third-party web site pages containing the information. The original purpose of the ChemAgora application was to correlate studies stored in the diXa data warehouse with available chemical data. Since the end of the diXa project, ChemAgora has evolved into an independent portal, currently accessible directly through the ChemAgora home page, with improved search capabilities of online data sources.

  1. Study of the natural radiation background affected on the human body in some areas of Viet Nam

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ngo Van Thanh

    2008-01-01

    The author had studied the natural radiation background in 68 districts belong 40 provinces and cities of Vietnam from 2002 to 2005. The estimated results clearly show that the average external irradiation dose levels and the average annual external radiation equivalent dose affected on the human body are 0.181± 0.0189 μSv/h and 1599 ± 171.8 μSv/year respectively, both are in normal limit; the highest levels are in Lai Chau district (Lai Chau province); the lowest levels are in Buon Ma Thuot city (DakLak province), Phuoc Son district (Quang Nam province), Tan An district (Long An province). The radon concentration in the human being and the average annual internal inhalation irradiation equivalent dose affected on the human beings are 26.9 ± 15.89 Bq/m 3 and 392.88 ± 231.99 μSv/year respectively; the maximums are in Nha Trang city (Khanh Hoa province), Bac Binh district (Binh Phuoc province); the minimums are in Vung Tau city (Ba Ria- Vung Tau province), Tan An district (Long An province), Rach Gia district (Kien Giang province). The terrestrial radionuclide concentrations in the cereals, foodstuffs (rice, meat, vegetables), water, earth and the average annual internal irradiation equivalent dose are 829.2 ± 38.06 Bq/kg and 229.3 ± 67.70 μSv/year respectively; the highest levels are in Phong Tho district (Lai Chau province), Dien Bien city; the lowest levels are in Dong Xoai district (Binh Phuoc province), Tan An district (Long An province). The average total annual natural radiation background effective equivalent dose level affected on the human body is 2206.9 ± 529.30 μSv/year; the highest levels are in Lai Chau district (Lai Chau province); the lowest levels are in Tan An district (Long An province). The 14 maps of Natural Radiation Background in several localized regions belong 40 provinces and cities of Viet Nam had been set up. These results can reserve for serviceman and public health in the both wartime and peacetime. (author)

  2. La evolución de las exportaciones de bienes de China: una visión panarómica = Chinese goods exports development: An overview

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Salvador Chamorro

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available El proceso de reforma económica que ha experimentado la economía de China es uno de los fenómenos de mayor relevancia en la evolución de la Economía Mundial en los últimos treinta años y, sin duda, seguirá siéndolo en el futuro. Dentro de este proceso, la apertura al exterior, que el gobierno chino inició en 1978, ha situado al país en un lugar de máxima relevancia dentro de los flujos comerciales y financieros internacionales. En este contexto, el objetivo de este trabajo es intentar realizar un análisis general de la evolución del comercio exterior de China en las últimas décadas, prestando especial atención a sus exportaciones de bienes y poniendo énfasis en los cambios experimentados durante los últimos años.The process of economic reform that has experienced the Chinese economy is one of the most important events in the evolution of the World Economy in the past 30 years, and will undoubtedly remain so in the future. Within this economic reform, the opening process that the Chinese Government began in 1978, has put the country in a place of utmost importance in the international trade and financial flows. In this context, this paper try to perform an analysis of the evolution of China's foreign trade in recent decades, with particular attention to its exports and emphasizing the changes in recent years

  3. La evolución de las exportaciones de bienes de China: una visión panarómica = Chinese goods exports development: An overview

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Salvador Chamorro

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available Resumen El proceso de reforma económica que ha experimentado la economía de China es uno de los fenómenos de mayor relevancia en la evolución de la Economía Mundial en los últimos treinta años y, sin duda, seguirá siéndolo en el futuro. Dentro de este proceso, la apertura al exterior, que el gobierno chino inició en 1978, ha situado al país en un lugar de máxima relevancia dentro de los flujos comerciales y financieros internacionales. En este contexto, el objetivo de este trabajo es intentar realizar un análisis general de la evolución del comercio exterior de China en las últimas décadas, prestando especial atención a sus exportaciones de bienes y poniendo énfasis en los cambios experimentados durante los últimos años. Abstract The process of economic reform that has experienced the Chinese economy is one of the most important events in the evolution of the World Economy in the past 30 years, and will undoubtedly remain so in the future. Within this economic reform, the opening process that the Chinese Government began in 1978, has put the country in a place of utmost importance in the international trade and financial flows. In this context, this paper try to perform an analysis of the evolution of China's foreign trade in recent decades, with particular attention to its exports and emphasizing the changes in recent years.

  4. Tissue factor-dependent activation of tritium-labeled factor IX and factor X in human plasma

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Morrison, S.A.; Jesty, J.

    1984-01-01

    A comparism was made of the tissue factor-dependent activation of tritium-labeled factor IX and factor X in a human plasma system and a study was made of the role of proteases known to stimulate factor VII activity. Plasma was defibrinated by heating and depleted of its factors IX and X by passing it through antibody columns. Addition of human brain thromboplastin, Ca2+, and purified 3H-labeled factor X to the plasma resulted, after a short lag, in burst-like activation of the factor X, measured as the release of radiolabeled activation peptide. The progress of activation was slowed by both heparin and a specific inhibitor of factor Xa but factor X activation could not be completely abolished by such inhibitors. In the case of 3H-factor IX activation, the rate also increased for approximately 3 min after addition of thromboplastin, but was not subsequently curtailed. A survey of proteases implicated as activators of factor VII in other settings showed that both factor Xa and factor IXa could accelerate the activation of factor IX. However, factor Xa was unique in obliterating activation when present at concentrations greater than approximately 1 nM. Heparin inhibited the tissue factor-dependent activation of factor IX almost completely, apparently through the effect of antithrombin on the feedback reactions of factors Xa and IXa on factor VII. These results suggest that a very tight, biphasic control of factor VII activity exists in human plasma, which is modulated mainly by factor Xa. At saturation of factor VIIa/tissue factor, factor IX activation was significantly more rapid than was previously found in bovine plasma under similar conditions. The activation of factor X at saturation was slightly more rapid than in bovine plasma, despite the presence of heparin

  5. Use of Enoxaparin in Obese Adolescents During Bariatric Surgery--a Pilot Study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mushtaq, Alvina; Vaughns, Janelle D; Ziesenitz, Victoria C; Nadler, Evan P; van den Anker, John N

    2015-10-01

    Obese patients have a higher risk of venous thromboembolism when immobilized due to surgery. The objective of this study was to assess anti-factor Xa activity in adolescent bariatric surgical patients receiving prophylactic enoxaparin. Four morbidly obese adolescents undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy were enrolled. Enoxaparin was administered (40 mg subcutaneous (SC) if BMI ≤50 kg/m(2) or 60 mg SC if BMI >50 kg/m(2)) for prevention of venous thromboembolism every 12 h starting after induction of anesthesia until discharge. Plasma anti-factor Xa activity was assessed over 12 h after the first dose and used as a surrogate marker for enoxaparin levels. Non-compartmental analysis of anti-factor Xa activity levels was performed and compared with previously published studies. Patients recruited were 16 to 18 years of age with a mean BMI of 52.6 ± 5.8 kg/m(2) (>99th BMI percentile). Peak anti-factor Xa activity ranged from 0.20 to 0.23 IU/mL in our study population, compared to 0.38 to 0.53 IU/mL in the cited lean comparator groups. Our current dosing practice of 40 mg SC for individuals with a BMI ≤50 kg/m(2) and 60 mg for individuals with a BMI ≥50 kg/m(2) resulted in anti-factor Xa activity that was sufficient for adequate thromboprophylaxis in adolescent bariatric surgical patients. Our data also demonstrates lower drug exposures in the obese when compared to lean patients. Therefore, randomized controlled efficacy and safety studies are urgently needed to guide the use of low-molecular-weight heparins in the pediatric and adolescent obese population.

  6. El fondo documental audiovisual de Radiotelevisión Valenciana: Evolución, transformación y Bien de Interés Cultural. Patrimonio Audiovisual de la Comunidad Valenciana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alfonso-Noguerón, Lola

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available El Col·legi Oficial de Bibliotecaris i Documentalistes de la Comunitat Valenciana (COBDCV, junto a la Associació Ciudadana i Comunicació (ACICOM han solicitado recientemente la protección de Bien de Interés Cultural (BIC, para los fondos documentales y archivo de Radiotelevisió Valenciana SAU y Radiotelevisión Española de la Comunidad Valenciana. En este texto se analiza, la evolución y transformación de los materiales audiovisuales creados por las empresas del que fuera el Grupo de RTVV a lo largo de los veinticuatro años de emisión. Se mostrará cual ha sido la evolución de este archivo y la situación actual de los materiales, de las bases de datos y del sistema de gestión de contenidos multimedia. Se identifican las razones, como la obsolescencia de los materiales audiovisuales y la precaria situación económica del país, para evidenciar que pese a la protección legal, es un objetivo continuar con la transformación y digitalización del archivo y fondo audiovisual más importante de la Comunidad Valenciana.

  7. Sexual risk and bridging behaviors among young people in Hai Phong, Vietnam.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Duong, Cong Thanh; Nguyen, Tran Hien; Hoang, Thi Thanh Ha; Nguyen, Van Vi; Do, Thi Minh Nguyet; Pham, Van Han; Detels, Roger

    2008-07-01

    The risk of the HIV epidemic spreading from high-risk groups to the general population in Vietnam depends on sexual risk and bridging behaviors between high- and low-risk individuals. A cross-sectional study was used to describe sexual activities of youth aged 18-29 years. Nearly half (41.4%) were sexually active. Premarital sex was reported by 43.3% of them; 78.3% of sexually active males and 13.5% of sexually active females. Multiple sex partners were reported by 31.0%; 56.7% of males and 9.2% of females. Almost 27% of males and 5% of females engaged in sexual bridging behaviors. Being unmarried was significantly associated with having sex with non-regular partners. Being unmarried and early age at first intercourse were associated with having sex with a sex worker. Consistent condom use was high with commercial sex workers but low with regular partners. Education to delay early sexual debut, increased employment, and strategies to inform young sexually active people to adopt safer behaviors are urgently needed.

  8. Incorporation of Bacterial Blight Resistance Genes Into Lowland Rice Cultivar Through Marker-Assisted Backcross Breeding.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pradhan, Sharat Kumar; Nayak, Deepak Kumar; Pandit, Elssa; Behera, Lambodar; Anandan, Annamalai; Mukherjee, Arup Kumar; Lenka, Srikanta; Barik, Durga Prasad

    2016-07-01

    Bacterial blight (BB) of rice caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is a major disease of rice in many rice growing countries. Pyramided lines carrying two BB resistance gene combinations (Xa21+xa13 and Xa21+xa5) were developed in a lowland cultivar Jalmagna background through backcross breeding by integrating molecular markers. In each backcross generation, markers closely linked to the disease resistance genes were used to select plants possessing the target genes. Background selection was continued in those plants carrying resistant genes until BC(3) generation. Plants having the maximum contribution from the recurrent parent genome were selected in each generation and hybridized with the recipient parent. The BB-pyramided line having the maximum recipient parent genome recovery of 95% was selected among BC3F1 plants and selfed to isolate homozygous BC(3)F(2) plants with different combinations of BB resistance genes. Twenty pyramided lines with two resistance gene combinations exhibited high levels of tolerance against the BB pathogen. In order to confirm the resistance, the pyramided lines were inoculated with different X. oryzae pv. oryzae strains of Odisha for bioassay. The genotypes with combination of two BB resistance genes conferred high levels of resistance to the predominant X. oryzae pv. oryzae isolates prevalent in the region. The pyramided lines showed similarity with the recipient parent with respect to major agro-morphologic traits.

  9. Disappearance of a low molecular weight heparin fraction (CY 216) differs from standard heparin in rabbits

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Boneu, B.; Buchanan, M.R.; Caranobe, C.; Gabaig, A.M.; Dupouy, D.; Sie, P.; Hirsh, J.

    1987-01-01

    In previous studies, we have reported that standard heparin (SH) was cleared by two mechanisms, a saturable mechanism which predominated at low doses (less than 100 anti-factor Xa U/kg) and a non-saturable mechanism which predominated at higher doses, when the first mechanism became saturated. In this study, we examined the importance of these two mechanisms in the disappearance of a low molecular weight heparin fraction (LMWH) (CY 216), by comparing the pharmacokinetics and the pharmacodynamics of a wide range of doses of SH and CY 216 (1.5 to 500 anti-factor Xa U/kg). Pharmacokinetics was measured as the disappearance of 125 I-radiolabelled SH or CY 216. Pharmacodynamics was measured as the disappearance of the anti-factor Xa activity of SH and CY 216. We found that the saturable mechanism contributed little to the disappearance of CY 216 and that it was cleared predominantly by the non-saturable mechanism at all doses tested. Thus, at low doses (less than 100 anti-factor Xa U/kg), SH was cleared more rapidly than CY 216, whereas at higher doses, CY 216 was cleared more rapidly than SH. We conclude that the mechanism of disappearance of LMWH's differ significantly from those of SH, and that this difference may explain the apparent prolonged anticoagulant activity of LMWH's within the therapeutic range doses

  10. Normal Female Germ Cell Differentiation Requires the Female X Chromosome to Autosome Ratio and Expression of Sex-Lethal in DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

    OpenAIRE

    Schüpbach, Trudi

    1985-01-01

    In somatic cells of Drosophila, the ratio of X chromosomes to autosomes (X:A ratio) determines sex and dosage compensation. The present paper addresses the question of whether germ cells also use the X:A ratio for sex determination and dosage compensation. Triploid female embryos were generated which, through the loss of an unstable ring-X chromosome, contained some germ cells of 2X;3A constitution in their ovaries. Such germ cells were shown to differentiate along one of two alternative pat...

  11. Efficient Methods for Fast Shading

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    ROMANYUK, A.

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available On devices without battery consuming and specialized hardware for rendering, it is important to improve the speed and quality so that these methods are suitable for real-time rendering. Furthermore such algorithms are needed on the coming multicore architectures. We show how the methods by Gouraud and Phong, the commonly most used methods for shading, can be improved and made faster for both software rendering as well as simple low energy consuming hardware implementations. Moreover, this paper summarizes the authors' achievements in increasing shading speed and performance and a Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function is simplified for faster computing and hardware implementation.

  12. Composición de los hogares y niveles de gastos en bienes y servicios básicos en el departamento del cauca, Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrés Mauricio Gómez Sánchez

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available Éste documento tiene como objetivo caracterizar los hogares rurales y urbanos del departamento del Cauca, Colombia y clasificarlos según la tipología y el ciclo de vida del hogar, para establecer su relación con los niveles de gasto mínimo en bienes básicos, es decir, con los que definen los umbrales críticos de pobreza. Para tal efecto, se utiliza la Encuesta de Calidad de Vida de 2011 y se estiman modelos de análisis de varianza multifactoriales. Los resultados muestran, entre otros, que el tipo de hogar más frecuente, tanto en el área rural como la urbana, es el nuclear con hijos y los gastos mínimos básicos, en general, son en alimentos, vivienda y salud. Los rubros de educación y transporte presentan niveles más altos de consumo en los hogares urbanos que en los rurales. The main objective of this paper is to describe the rural and urban households of the Cauca department in Colombia. The idea is to classify the households according to their typology and household life cycle in order to establish their relation with the minimum levels of expenditure on basic goods, this means with the ones that define the critical poverty thresholds. For this end, the 2011 Quality of Life survey is used as well as multifactorial variance analysis. The results show that the most common type of household for both rural and urban areas is the nuclear type of household with children, showing usually a minimal basic expenditure on food, housing and health. Education and transportation present higher consump-tion levels at urban households.

  13. The Xanthomonas Ax21 protein is processed by the general secretory system and is secreted in association with outer membrane vesicles

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ofir Bahar

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs play an important role in detecting invading pathogens and mounting a robust defense response to restrict infection. In rice, one of the best characterized PRRs is XA21, a leucine rich repeat receptor-like kinase that confers broad-spectrum resistance to multiple strains of the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo. In 2009 we reported that an Xoo protein, called Ax21, is secreted by a type I-secretion system and that it serves to activate XA21-mediated immunity. This report has recently been retracted. Here we present data that corrects our previous model. We first show that Ax21 secretion does not depend on the predicted type I secretion system and that it is processed by the general secretion (Sec system. We further show that Ax21 is an outer membrane protein, secreted in association with outer membrane vesicles. Finally, we provide data showing that ax21 knockout strains do not overcome XA21-mediated immunity.

  14. Apixaban or enoxaparin for thromboprophylaxis after knee replacement

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Lassen, Michael Rud; Raskob, Gary E; Gallus, Alexander

    2009-01-01

    BACKGROUND: The optimal strategy for thromboprophylaxis after major joint replacement has not been established. Low-molecular-weight heparins such as enoxaparin predominantly target factor Xa but to some extent also inhibit thrombin. Apixaban, a specific factor Xa inhibitor, may provide effective...... (P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: As compared with enoxaparin for efficacy of thromboprophylaxis after knee replacement, apixaban did not meet the prespecified statistical criteria for noninferiority, but its use was associated with lower rates of clinically relevant bleeding and it had a similar adverse...

  15. Ultrahigh-efficiency apodized grating coupler using fully etched photonic crystals

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Ding, Yunhong; Ou, Haiyan; Peucheret, Christophe

    2013-01-01

    We present an efficient method to design apodized grating couplers with Gaussian output profiles for efficient coupling between standard single mode fibers and silicon chips. An apodized grating coupler using fully etched photonic crystal holes on the silicon-on-insulator platform is designed......, and fabricated in a single step of lithography and etching. An ultralow coupling loss of x2212;1.74x2009;x2009;dB (67% coupling efficiency) with a 3xA0;dB bandwidth of 60xA0;nm is experimentally measured....

  16. Case report

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    abp

    21 sept. 2017 ... XA avait aux deux yeux, une AV à 8/10 et XB, une AV de 3/10 améliorée au trou sténopéïque à 7/10 en faveur d'une amétropie. XA présentait un ptosis bilatéral qui remontait à l'âge de 2 ans avec une action du releveur de la paupière supérieure (RPS) à 7 mm et XB, un ptosis bilatéral remontant à l'âge de ...

  17. Finsler-Geometric Continuum Dynamics and Shock Compression

    Science.gov (United States)

    2018-01-01

    version of Finsler theory is newly applied to shock compression of this ceramic. An order parameter is linked simultaneously to densification and...set of algebraic equations that may be solved simultaneously (albeit, not in closed form) for the shock stress, order param- eter, entropy, and shock...δxa ⊗ dX A = ∂ϕ a(X, D, t) ∂X A δ δxa ⊗ dX A = ∂x(X, D, t) ∂X , FaA = ∂Aϕa = ∂Axa . (2.28) The inverse tangent mapping from spatial to referential

  18. "Parlez-Vous Bien Francais?" No Comment!

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dale, Mark; Liss, Mimi

    1996-01-01

    Describes an experience of introducing a "Records of Achievement" scheme in university extramural language courses. The article discusses the effectiveness of existing teaching/learning styles and examines the way in which records of achievement could foster autonomous learning. Student reaction to recording progress as a means of sustaining…

  19. Molecular mimicry modulates plant host responses to pathogens.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ronald, Pamela; Joe, Anna

    2018-01-25

    Pathogens often secrete molecules that mimic those present in the plant host. Recent studies indicate that some of these molecules mimic plant hormones required for development and immunity. This Viewpoint reviews the literature on microbial molecules produced by plant pathogens that functionally mimic molecules present in the plant host. This article includes examples from nematodes, bacteria and fungi with emphasis on RaxX, a microbial protein produced by the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. RaxX mimics a plant peptide hormone, PSY (plant peptide containing sulphated tyrosine). The rice immune receptor XA21 detects sulphated RaxX but not the endogenous peptide PSY. Studies of the RaxX/XA21 system have provided insight into both host and pathogen biology and offered a framework for future work directed at understanding how XA21 and the PSY receptor(s) can be differentially activated by RaxX and endogenous PSY peptides. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

  20. Gametogenesis in malaria parasites is mediated by the cGMP-dependent protein kinase.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Louisa McRobert

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available Malaria parasite transmission requires differentiation of male and female gametocytes into gametes within a mosquito following a blood meal. A mosquito-derived molecule, xanthurenic acid (XA, can trigger gametogenesis, but the signalling events controlling this process in the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum remain unknown. A role for cGMP was revealed by our observation that zaprinast (an inhibitor of phosphodiesterases that hydrolyse cGMP stimulates gametogenesis in the absence of XA. Using cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG inhibitors in conjunction with transgenic parasites expressing an inhibitor-insensitive mutant PKG enzyme, we demonstrate that PKG is essential for XA- and zaprinast-induced gametogenesis. Furthermore, we show that intracellular calcium (Ca2+ is required for differentiation and acts downstream of or in parallel with PKG activation. This work defines a key role for PKG in gametogenesis, elucidates the hierarchy of signalling events governing this process in P. falciparum, and demonstrates the feasibility of selective inhibition of a crucial regulator of the malaria parasite life cycle.

  1. Introduction to bosonic string theory

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Nunez, Carmen [Instituto de Astronomia y Fisica del Espacio, Buenos Aires (Argentina)], e-mail: carmen@iafe.uba.ar

    2009-07-01

    This is an introductory set of five lectures on bosonic string theory. The first one deals with the classical theory of bosonic strings. The second and third lectures cover quantization. Three basic quantization methods are sketched: the old covariant formalism, the light-cone gauge quantization, where the spectrum is derived and the Polyakov path integral formalism and in particular the partition function at one loop. Finally, the last lecture covers interactions, low energy effective action, the general idea of compactification and in particular toroidal compactification. The notes are based on books by Green, Schwarz and Witten, Polchinski, Lust and Theissen and Kaku and review papers by D'Hocker and Phong and O. Alvarez. (author)

  2. Illuminance: Computerized simulation

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Barlow, A

    1991-03-01

    One of the main objectives of a graphics work-station is to create images that are as realistic as possible. This paper reviews and assesses the state-of-the-art in the field of illuminance simulation. The techniques examined are: ray tracing, in which illuminance in a given ambient is calculated in an approximate way by tracing individual rays of light; the 'radiosity' (a term combining surface radiancy and reflectivity) method, based on the calculation of the ambient's thermodynamics and which considers the effects of different surface colours; progressive improvement, in which 'radiosity' is calculated step by step with increasing levels of detail. The Gouraud and Phong methods of representing the effects of shade are also compared.

  3. Evaluation of the coagulometer STA R Max® (Stago) for routine coagulation parameters.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Brulé, Justine; Sinegre, Thomas; Pereira, Bruno; Berger, Marc G; Serre-Sapin, Anne-Françoise; Lebreton, Aurélien

    2018-04-01

    The STA R Max ® is a fully automated multiparameter coagulometer using clotting (viscosity-based detection system), chromogenic and immunologic assays. STA R Max ® is equipped with an innovative software (STA Coag Expert ® ) designed to assist laboratory in accreditation. The aim of this study was to evaluate its performances for the certification according to ISO 15189 quality standard in the haemostasis unit of our university hospital. The following tests were evaluated: prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), kaolin cephalin clotting time (KCCT), fibrinogen, anti-Xa assay and D-dimers. In normal and pathological range, the intra-assay coefficients of variation (CV) for PT, aPTT, KCCT and fibrinogen were below 4.0%. Intra-assay CV was of 4.0% for the anti-Xa assay and intra-assay CV was of 7.9% for D-dimers. Inter-assay CV were below 5.0% for PT, aPPT, KCCT and fibrinogen, 14.9% for anti-Xa assay and 8.6% for D-dimers. The interlaboratory comparisons were below 8.7% for PT, aPPT and KCCT, 5.0% for fibrinogen and 15.5% for anti-Xa assay. All results were acceptable according to suitable CV established by GFHT and the provider. The concordance between all coagulometers was excellent, with correlation coefficient close to 1 (0.99 for all parameters except for aPPT which was 0.98) calculated thanks to an intra-class correlation study. In conclusion, the STA R Max ® analyser is suitable for haemostasis laboratories and facilitates certification of a laboratory.

  4. Opciones de conservación y liquidación de los bienes del deudor en el derecho uruguayo vigente: el caso de las sociedades anónimas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eva Holz

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available Incuestionablemente, del punto de vista empresarial, y los efectos de obtener el mayor valor posible en la realización de los activos de la sociedad anónima deudora en el procedimiento concursal, objetivo que precisamente satisface el interés de todos los acreedores- beneficiarios últimos del resultado de la liquidación -, la flexibilidad en las vías alternativas de realización activo es crucial. A partir de esa afirmación, qué opciones de liquidación son admisibles para nuestra vetusta legislación vigente (ley 2.230 de junio de 1893 y simultáneamente protegen a un eventual adquirente de la acción de los acreedores de la sociedad deudora? Desde ya anticipamos nuestra conclusión, en el sentido de que existen otras vías alternativas a la del remate para la liquidación de los bienes del deudor. Analicemos algunas, descartando desde ya todas aquellas vías que implican la adquisición de activos y pasivos, como podría ser la compraventa de acciones. De lege ferenda, el proyecto de ley de Declaración Judicial del Concurso y Reorganización Empresarial que cuenta con media sanción parlamentaria, determina con claridad que cualquiera sea el procedimiento de realización de los activos del deudor, el adquirente de los mismos no podrá ser perseguido por ninguna especie de acreedor de aquél

  5. Guidance of Autonomous Aerospace Vehicles for Vertical Soft Landing using Nonlinear Control Theory

    Science.gov (United States)

    2015-08-11

    desired plant (1.4) i.e. goal is to ensure that X → Xd as t →∞. 4 Distribution Code A: Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited 1.1 Philosophy...system to follow Ẋd = fd ( Xd ) (1.4) where Xd ∈ℜn represents the desire state vector. In the actual plant model (1.3) the term d(X ) is unknown, the...Kτ(Xest −Xa) (1.6) 2. Xa → Xd as t →∞: This process is accomplished through control synthesis using online adaptation of DI controller. 1.1.1 Control

  6. The probability to initiate X chromosome inactivation is determined by the X to autosomal ratio and X chromosome specific allelic properties.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kim Monkhorst

    Full Text Available In female mammalian cells, random X chromosome inactivation (XCI equalizes the dosage of X-encoded gene products to that in male cells. XCI is a stochastic process, in which each X chromosome has a probability to be inactivated. To obtain more insight in the factors setting up this probability, we studied the role of the X to autosome (X ratio A ratio in initiation of XCI, and have used the experimental data in a computer simulation model to study the cellular population dynamics of XCI.To obtain more insight in the role of the XratioA ratio in initiation of XCI, we generated triploid mouse ES cells by fusion of haploid round spermatids with diploid female and male ES cells. These fusion experiments resulted in only XXY triploid ES cells. XYY and XXX ES lines were absent, suggesting cell death related either to insufficient X-chromosomal gene dosage (XYY or to inheritance of an epigenetically modified X chromosome (XXX. Analysis of active (Xa and inactive (Xi X chromosomes in the obtained triploid XXY lines indicated that the initiation frequency of XCI is low, resulting in a mixed population of XaXiY and XaXaY cells, in which the XaXiY cells have a small proliferative advantage. This result, and findings on XCI in diploid and tetraploid ES cell lines with different X ratio A ratios, provides evidence that the X ratio A ratio determines the probability for a given X chromosome to be inactivated. Furthermore, we found that the kinetics of the XCI process can be simulated using a probability for an X chromosome to be inactivated that is proportional to the X ratio A ratio. These simulation studies re-emphasize our hypothesis that the probability is a function of the concentration of an X-encoded activator of XCI, and of X chromosome specific allelic properties determining the threshold for this activator.The present findings reveal that the probability for an X chromosome to be inactivated is proportional to the X ratio A ratio. This finding

  7. Association of prothrombin complex concentrate administration and hematoma enlargement in non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant-related intracerebral hemorrhage.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gerner, Stefan T; Kuramatsu, Joji B; Sembill, Jochen A; Sprügel, Maximilian I; Endres, Matthias; Haeusler, Karl Georg; Vajkoczy, Peter; Ringleb, Peter A; Purrucker, Jan; Rizos, Timolaos; Erbguth, Frank; Schellinger, Peter D; Fink, Gereon R; Stetefeld, Henning; Schneider, Hauke; Neugebauer, Hermann; Röther, Joachim; Claßen, Joseph; Michalski, Dominik; Dörfler, Arnd; Schwab, Stefan; Huttner, Hagen B

    2018-01-01

    To investigate parameters associated with hematoma enlargement in non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC)-related intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). This retrospective cohort study includes individual patient data for 190 patients with NOAC-associated ICH over a 5-year period (2011-2015) at 19 departments of neurology across Germany. Primary outcome was the association of prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) administration with hematoma enlargement. Subanalyses were calculated for blood pressure management and its association with the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes include associations with in-hospital mortality and functional outcome at 3 months assessed using the modified Rankin Scale. The study population for analysis of primary and secondary outcomes consisted of 146 NOAC-ICH patients with available follow-up imaging. Hematoma enlargement occurred in 49/146 (33.6%) patients with NOAC-related ICH. Parameters associated with hematoma enlargement were blood pressure ≥ 160mmHg within 4 hours and-in the case of factor Xa inhibitor ICH-anti-Xa levels on admission. PCC administration prior to follow-up imaging was not significantly associated with a reduced rate of hematoma enlargement either in overall NOAC-related ICH or in patients with factor Xa inhibitor intake (NOAC: risk ratio [RR] = 1.150, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.632-2.090; factor Xa inhibitor: RR = 1.057, 95% CI = 0.565-1.977), regardless of PCC dosage given or time interval until imaging or treatment. Systolic blood pressure levels < 160mmHg within 4 hours after admission were significantly associated with a reduction in the proportion of patients with hematoma enlargement (RR = 0.598, 95% CI = 0.365-0.978). PCC administration had no effect on mortality and functional outcome either at discharge or at 3 months. In contrast to blood pressure control, PCC administration was not associated with a reduced rate of hematoma enlargement in NOAC-related ICH

  8. Interaction of blood coagulation factor Va with phospholipid vesicles examined by using lipophilic photoreagents

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Krieg, U.C.; Isaacs, B.S.; Yemul, S.S.; Esmon, C.T.; Bayley, H.; Johnson, A.E.

    1987-01-01

    Two different lipophilic photoreagents, [ 3 H]adamantane diazirine and 3-(trifluoromethyl)-3-(m-[ 125 I]iodophenyl)diazirine (TID), have been utilized to examine the interactions of blood coagulation factor Va with calcium, prothrombin, factor Xa, and, in particular, phospholipid vesicles. With each of these structurally dissimilar reagents, the extent of photolabeling of factor Va was greater when the protein was bound to a membrane surface than when it was free in solution. Specifically, the covalent photoreaction with Vl, the smaller subunit of factor Va, was 2-fold higher in the presence of phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylserine (PC/PS, 3:1) vesicles, to which factor Va binds, than in the presence of 100% PC vesicles, to which the protein does not bind. However, the magnitude of the PC/PS-dependent photolabeling was much less than has been observed previously with integral membrane proteins. It therefore appears that the binding of factor Va to the membrane surface exposes Vl to the lipid core of the bilayer, but that only a small portion of the Vl polypeptide is exposed to, or embedded in, the bilayer core. Addition of either prothrombin or active-site-blocked factor Xa to PC/PS-bound factor Va had little effect on the photolabeling of Vl with TID, but reduced substantially the covalent labeling of Vh, the larger subunit of factor Va. This indicates that prothrombin and factor Xa each cover nonpolar surfaces on Vh when the macromolecules associate on the PC/PS surface. It therefore seems likely that the formation of the prothrombinase complex involves a direct interaction between Vh and factor Xa and between Vh and prothrombin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

  9. La apropiación del dominio público y las posibilidades de acceso a los bienes culturales | The appropriation of the public domain and the possibilities of access to cultural goods

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Joan Ramos Toledano

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available Resumen: Las normas de propiedad intelectual y copyright prevén un periodo de protección otorgando unos derechos económicos exclusivos y temporales. Pasado un plazo determinado, las obras protegidas entran en lo que se denomina dominio público. Éste suele ser considerado como el momento en el que los bienes culturales pasan a estar bajo el dominio y control de la sociedad en conjunto. El presente trabajo pretende argumentar que, dado nuestro actual sistema económico, en realidad el dominio público funciona más como una posibilidad de negocio para determinadas empresas que como una verdadera opción para que el público pueda acceder a las obras.   Abstract: The legislation of continental intellectual property and copyright provide for a period of protection granting exclusive and temporary economic rights. After a certain period, protected works enter into what is called the public domain. This is often considered as the moment in which the cultural goods come under the control and domain of society as a whole. The present paper pretends to argue that, given our current economic system, the public domain actually functions more as a business opportunity for certain companies than as a real option for the public to access artistic and intellectual works.

  10. DynaGuard: Armoring Canary-Based Protections against Brute-Force Attacks

    Science.gov (United States)

    2015-12-11

    format of the canary check or a function’s prologue and epilogue. Finally, due to the small number of canary-protected frames that (on average) are...sje ng 462 .lib qua ntu m 464 .h2 64r ef 471 .om net pp 473 .as tar 483 .xa lan cbm k Apa che Ng inx Pos tgre SQ L SQ Lite My SQ L Sl ow do w n (n...k 456 .hm me r 458 .sje ng 462 .lib qua ntu m 464 .h2 64r ef 471 .om net pp 473 .as tar 483 .xa lan cbm k Apa che Ng inx

  11. 1st review of the status of national air quality: 1994-2004

    CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

    Taviv, I

    2006-10-01

    Full Text Available od (WC ) Se ttle rs (KZ N) We ntw or th (KZ N) Wa ter va l (M P) Ta ble Vie w (WC ) Mo the rw ell (EC ) Le itru m (FS ) Ale xa ndr a (GA U) Ora nge Fa rm (GA U) Kh aye lits ha (WC ) Ne...) La ng ve rw ac ht (MP ) Le itru m (FS ) Ale xa nd ra (GA U) At hlo ne (WC ) Bu cc leu ch (GA U) Cit y D ee p(G AU ) Ne wt ow n (GA U) No rth er n Wo rks (GA U) O 3 ( p p b ) Average...

  12. Fractional integration, Morrey spaces and a Schroedinger equation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Olsen, P.A.

    1995-01-01

    Let V : R 3 → R be the potential for the 3-dimensional Schroedinger operator -Δ + V. It was shown by Cwikel, Lieb and Rosenblum, [8], that the number of bound states, N(V), of -Δ + V is bounded by N(V) ≤ C ∫ R3 |V(x)| 3/2 dx. Later Fefferman and phong, [4], improved on this inequality. Make a dyadic decomposition of R 3 into cubes. Define a dyadic cube Q to be minimal with respect to ε > 0 if ∫ q |V(x)| p dx ≥ ε p |Q| 1-2p/3 and ∫ Q ' |V(x)| p dx p |Q'| 1-2p/3 for all dyadic cubes Q' contained-in Q. 10 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab

  13. Laboratory Assessment of the Anticoagulant Activity of Direct Oral Anticoagulants: A Systematic Review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Samuelson, Bethany T; Cuker, Adam; Siegal, Deborah M; Crowther, Mark; Garcia, David A

    2017-01-01

    Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are the treatment of choice for most patients with atrial fibrillation and/or noncancer-associated venous thromboembolic disease. Although routine monitoring of these agents is not required, assessment of anticoagulant effect may be desirable in special situations. The objective of this review was to summarize systematically evidence regarding laboratory assessment of the anticoagulant effects of dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban. PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for studies reporting relationships between drug levels and coagulation assay results. We identified 109 eligible studies: 35 for dabigatran, 50 for rivaroxaban, 11 for apixaban, and 13 for edoxaban. The performance of standard anticoagulation tests varied across DOACs and reagents; most assays, showed insufficient correlation to provide a reliable assessment of DOAC effects. Dilute thrombin time (TT) assays demonstrated linear correlation (r 2  = 0.67-0.99) across a range of expected concentrations of dabigatran, as did ecarin-based assays. Calibrated anti-Xa assays demonstrated linear correlation (r 2  = 0.78-1.00) across a wide range of concentrations for rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban. An ideal test, offering both accuracy and precision for measurement of any DOAC is not widely available. We recommend a dilute TT or ecarin-based assay for assessment of the anticoagulant effect of dabigatran and anti-Xa assays with drug-specific calibrators for direct Xa inhibitors. In the absence of these tests, TT or APTT is recommended over PT/INR for assessment of dabigatran, and PT/INR is recommended over APTT for detection of factor Xa inhibitors. Time since last dose, the presence or absence of drug interactions, and renal and hepatic function should impact clinical estimates of anticoagulant effect in a patient for whom laboratory test results are not available. Copyright © 2016 American College of Chest Physicians. Published by Elsevier

  14. Report: Ozone Transport Commission Incurred Costs Under EPA Assistance Agreements XA98379901, OT83098301, XA97318101, and OT83264901

    Science.gov (United States)

    Report #2007-4-00068, July 31, 2007. We questioned $2,723,706 of the $9,042,706 in reported outlays because the recipient claimed unallowable outlays for contractual services, indirect costs, and in-kind costs.

  15. Une relativité bien particulière...

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Bais, S.

    2010-01-01

    La théorie de la relativité restreinte, initialement publiée par Einstein en 1905, a changé radicalement notre compréhension du monde. Les notions familières d'espace et de temps et d'énergie furent mises la tête à l'envers, et la bagarre avec les explications contre-intuitives de ces concepts,

  16. Bien Préparer la prochaine quinquennale

    CERN Multimedia

    Staff Association

    2013-01-01

    2012 : une belle année pour la physique des particules Nous avons toutes et tous pu participer à la belle aventure de la physique des hautes énergies en 2012, la découverte, grâce au LHC d’une particule similaire au fameux boson de Higgs, pierre manquante à l’édifice du Modèle standard. Dans d’autres domaines, l’année 2012 a également été riche en performances exceptionnelles. Le Directeur général, son équipe et tous les Cernois peuvent être fiers de ces réalisations scientifiques et techniques extraordinaires. Les États membres ont montré leur soutien à l’Organisation en approuvant le budget 2013 et le plan à moyen terme jusqu’en 2017 pendant les Comités officiels de décembre 2012, malgré...

  17. Etica empresarial, responsabilidad social y bienes comunicativos

    OpenAIRE

    Calvo Cabezas, Patrici

    2014-01-01

    Since its beginnings, the conceptualisation of social responsibility has taken many forms, some of them related to philanthropy, patronage, strategy or business marketing among others. This paper defends the thesis that economic organization needs to manage those communicative goods, such as trust, reputation or reciprocity, evolved in the right development of their business activity and, therefore, on economic profit maximization. But for this, economic organization shou...

  18. Polysaccharide rich fractions from barks of Ximenia americana inhibit peripheral inflammatory nociception in mice Antinociceptive effect of Ximenia americana polysaccharide rich fractions

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kaira E.S. da Silva-Leite

    Full Text Available Abstract Ximenia americana L., Olacaceae, barks are utilized in folk medicine as analgesic and anti-inflammatory. The objective was to evaluate the toxicity and antinociceptive effect of polysaccharides rich fractions from X. americana barks. The fractions were obtained by extraction with NaOH, followed by precipitation with ethanol and fractionation by ion exchange chromatography. They were administered i.v. or p.o. before nociception tests (writhing, formalin, carragenan-induced hypernociception, hot plate, or during 14 days for toxicity assay. The total polysaccharides fraction (TPL-Xa: 8.1% yield presented 43% carbohydrate (21% uronic acid and resulted in two main fractions after chromatography (FI: 12%, FII: 22% yield. FII showed better homogeneity/purity, content of 44% carbohydrate, including 39% uronic acid, arabinose and galactose as major monosaccharides, and infrared spectra with peaks in carbohydrate range for COO- groups of uronic acid. TPL-Xa (10 mg/kg and FII (0.1 and 1 mg/kg presented inhibitory effect in behavior tests that evaluate nociception induced by chemical and mechanical, but not thermal stimuli. TPL-Xa did not alter parameters of systemic toxicity. In conclusion, polysaccharides rich fractions of X. americana barks inhibit peripheral inflammatory nociception, being well tolerated by animals.

  19. TAL effectors and the executor R genes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Junli; Yin, Zhongchao; White, Frank

    2015-01-01

    Transcription activator-like (TAL) effectors are bacterial type III secretion proteins that function as transcription factors in plants during Xanthomonas/plant interactions, conditioning either host susceptibility and/or host resistance. Three types of TAL effector associated resistance (R) genes have been characterized-recessive, dominant non-transcriptional, and dominant TAL effector-dependent transcriptional based resistance. Here, we discuss the last type of R genes, whose functions are dependent on direct TAL effector binding to discrete effector binding elements in the promoters. Only five of the so-called executor R genes have been cloned, and commonalities are not clear. We have placed the protein products in two groups for conceptual purposes. Group 1 consists solely of the protein from pepper, BS3, which is predicted to have catalytic function on the basis of homology to a large conserved protein family. Group 2 consists of BS4C-R, XA27, XA10, and XA23, all of which are relatively short proteins from pepper or rice with multiple potential transmembrane domains. Group 2 members have low sequence similarity to proteins of unknown function in closely related species. Firm predictions await further experimentation on these interesting new members to the R gene repertoire, which have potential broad application in new strategies for disease resistance.

  20. TAL effectors and the executor R genes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Junli eZhang

    2015-08-01

    Full Text Available Transcription activation-like (TAL effectors are bacterial type III secretion proteins that function as transcription factors in plants during Xanthomonas/plant interactions, conditioning either host susceptibility and/or host resistance. Three types of TAL effector associated resistance (R genes have been characterized - recessive, dominant non-transcriptional and dominant TAL effector-dependent transcriptional based resistance. Here, we discuss the last type of R genes, whose functions are dependent on direct TAL effector binding to discrete effector binding elements in the promoters. Only five of the so-called executor R genes have been cloned, and commonalities are not clear. We have placed the protein products in two groups for conceptual purposes. Group 1 consists solely of the protein from pepper, BS3, which is predicted to have catalytic function on the basis of homology to a large conserved protein family. Group 2 consists of BS4C-R, XA27, XA10, and XA23, all of which are relatively short proteins from pepper or rice with multiple potential transmembrane domains. Group 2 members have low sequence similarity to proteins of unknown function in closely related species. Firm predictions await further experimentation on these interesting new members to the R gene repertoire, which have potential broad application in new strategies for disease resistance.

  1. Russian aluminum-lithium alloys for advanced reusable spacecraft

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Charette, Ray O.; Leonard, Bruce G.; Bozich, William F.; Deamer, David A.

    1998-01-01

    Cryotanks that are cost-affordable, robust, fuel-compatible, and lighter weight than current aluminum design are needed to support next-generation launch system performance and operability goals. The Boeing (McDonnell Douglas Aerospace-MDA) and NASA's Delta Clipper-Experimental Program (DC-XA) flight demonstrator test bed vehicle provided the opportunity for technology transfer of Russia's extensive experience base with weight-efficient, highly weldable aluminum-lithium (Al-Li) alloys for cryogenic tank usage. As part of NASA's overall reusable launch vehicle (RLV) program to help provide technology and operations data for use in advanced RLVs, MDA contracted with the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS/IMASH) for design, test, and delivery of 1460 Al-Li alloy liquid oxygen (LO 2 ) cryotanks: one for development, one for ground tests, and one for DC-XA flight tests. This paper describes the development of Al-Li 1460 alloy for reusable LO 2 tanks, including alloy composition tailoring, mechanical properties database, forming, welding, chemical milling, dissimilar metal joining, corrosion protection, completed tanks proof, and qualification testing. Mechanical properties of the parent and welded materials exceeded expectations, particularly the fracture toughness, which promise excellent reuse potential. The LO 2 cryotank was successfully demonstrated in DC-XA flight tests

  2. Properties of aqueous nitrate and nitrite from x-ray absorption spectroscopy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Smith, Jacob W.; Lam, Royce K.; Saykally, Richard J., E-mail: saykally@berkeley.edu [Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (United States); Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 (United States); Shih, Orion [National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan (China); Rizzuto, Anthony M. [Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (United States); Prendergast, David [The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 (United States)

    2015-08-28

    Nitrate and nitrite ions are of considerable interest, both for their widespread use in commercial and research contexts and because of their central role in the global nitrogen cycle. The chemistry of atmospheric aerosols, wherein nitrate is abundant, has been found to depend on the interfacial behavior of ionic species. The interfacial behavior of ions is determined largely by their hydration properties; consequently, the study of the hydration and interfacial behavior of nitrate and nitrite comprises a significant field of study. In this work, we describe the study of aqueous solutions of sodium nitrate and nitrite via X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), interpreted in light of first-principles density functional theory electronic structure calculations. Experimental and calculated spectra of the nitrogen K-edge XA spectra of bulk solutions exhibit a large 3.7 eV shift between the XA spectra of nitrate and nitrite resulting from greater stabilization of the nitrogen 1s energy level in nitrate. A similar shift is not observed in the oxygen K-edge XA spectra of NO{sub 3}{sup −} and NO{sub 2}{sup −}. The hydration properties of nitrate and nitrite are found to be similar, with both anions exhibiting a similar propensity towards ion pairing.

  3. Bien-être émotionnel au travail et changement organisationnel Emotional Well-Being at Work and Organizational Change: The Essilor Case Bienestar emocional en el trabajo y cambio organizacional : el caso de Essilor

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Catherine Remoussenard

    2013-05-01

    Full Text Available Aujourd’hui, la plupart des entreprises mettent en place des projets de changements organisationnels afin de s’adapter aux modifications d’un environnement très concurrentiel. Ce faisant, elles se heurtent à des difficultés liées notamment aux situations de mal-être que ces changements peuvent induire. Notre étude vise à explorer les effets de nouvelles politiques managériales sur le bien-être émotionnel des salariés. Plus précisément, nous explorons les politiques mises en œuvre par un des sites du Groupe Essilor dans le contexte d’un changement organisationnel. Nous analysons d’un point de vue quantitatif et qualitatif les effets induits par ces politiques sur les salariés et sur la façon dont Essilor-Dijon en tient compte dans sa gestion des collaborateurs pour améliorer le bien-être au travail. À la lumière de nos résultats, il apparaît que les émotions sont au cœur de la conduite du changement, pouvant jouer le rôle de freins ou de leviers en fonction des choix managériaux.Nowadays, companies are implementing organizational change in order to be able to adapt to an increasingly competitive environment. Because of this context, firms are often confronted with problems linked to stressful situations that they themselves have brought about. We explored the policies which were applied by one of the branches of the Essilor Group in an organizational change context. First, we quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed the effects which this policy has had on stress-related issues. Second, we looked at how Essilor-Dijon took into account these effects in managing its staff so as to improve their well-being at work. Our results show that emotions appear to be at the heart of managing change and can either be obstacles or facilitators, depending on the choices made by management.Hoy en día, la mayoría de las empresas están llevando a cabo proyectos de cambio organizacional con el objetivo de adaptarse a las

  4. Hartree-fock-slater method for materials science the DV-X alpha method for design and characterization of materials

    CERN Document Server

    Adachi, H; Kawai, J

    2006-01-01

    Molecular-orbital calculations for materials design such as alloys, ceramics, and coordination compounds are now possible for experimentalists. Molecuar-orbital calculations for the interpretation of chemical effect of spectra are also possible for experimentalists. The most suitable molecular-orbital calculation method for these purpose is the DV-Xa method, which is robust in such a way that the calculation converges to a result even if the structure of the molecule or solid is impossible in the pressure and temperature ranges on earth. This book specially addresses the methods to design novel materials and to predict the spectralline shape of unknown materials using the DV-Xa molecular-orbital method, but is also useful for those who want to calculate electronic structures of materials using any kind of method.

  5. 76 FR 59064 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Shallow-Water Species by Vessels Using Trawl...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-09-23

    .... 101126522-0640-02] RIN 0648-XA722 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Shallow- Water... closure. SUMMARY: NMFS is opening directed fishing for shallow-water species by [[Page 59065

  6. [Juvenile myasthenia gravis in sub-Saharan Africa: a case study of two consanguine sisters born from consanguinity in Togo].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Maneh, Nidain; Apetse, Kossivi; Diatewa, Bénédicte Marèbe; Domingo, Sidik Abou-Bakr; Agba, Aidé Isabelle; Ayena, Koffi Didier; Balogou, Koffi Agnon; Balo, Komi Patrice

    2017-01-01

    Myasthenia gravis is a rare acquired autoimmune pathology causing neuromuscular transmission impairment. Juvenile onset of myasthenia gravis is often characterized by ocular involvement. We report two cases of ocular juvenile myasthenia gravis (JMG) in two siblings. They were two young girls, XA and XB, aged 11 and 9 years, of Malian origin, residing in Togo, born from first-degree of consanguinity presenting to Ophthalmology due to progressive decrease in visual acuity. XA showed visual acuity 8/10 on both eyes while XB showed improvement in visual acuity from 3/10 to 7/10 using a pinhole occluder, suggesting ametropia. XA had a 2-year history of bilateral ptosis lifting the upper eyelid of 7 mm, while XB had a 3-year history of bilateral ptosis with no lifting of the upper eyelid. Ice pack test was strongly positive in both patients. They had Cogan's lid twitch with paresis of the oculomotor nerve without diplopia. The dosage of acetylcholine receptor autoantibodies was normal. The diagnosis of JMG associated with ametropia was suspected. Ametropia was corrected by glasses and a specific treatment with pyridostigmine was initiated, but both patients were lost to follow-up. Autoimmune myasthenia gravis with inaugural ophthalmologic manifestation is rare but it can occur among children living in sub-Saharan Africa. Studies should be conducted to establish the features of this disease.

  7. Coutilization of D-Glucose, D-Xylose, and L-Arabinose in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Coexpressing the Metabolic Pathways and Evolutionary Engineering

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Chengqiang Wang

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Efficient and cost-effective fuel ethanol production from lignocellulosic materials requires simultaneous cofermentation of all hydrolyzed sugars, mainly including D-glucose, D-xylose, and L-arabinose. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a traditional D-glucose fermenting strain and could utilize D-xylose and L-arabinose after introducing the initial metabolic pathways. The efficiency and simultaneous coutilization of the two pentoses and D-glucose for ethanol production in S. cerevisiae still need to be optimized. Previously, we constructed an L-arabinose-utilizing S. cerevisiae BSW3AP. In this study, we further introduced the XI and XR-XDH metabolic pathways of D-xylose into BSW3AP to obtain D-glucose, D-xylose, and L-arabinose cofermenting strain. Benefits of evolutionary engineering: the resulting strain BSW4XA3 displayed a simultaneous coutilization of D-xylose and L-arabinose with similar consumption rates, and the D-glucose metabolic capacity was not decreased. After 120 h of fermentation on mixed D-glucose, D-xylose, and L-arabinose, BSW4XA3 consumed 24% more amounts of pentoses and the ethanol yield of mixed sugars was increased by 30% than that of BSW3AP. The resulting strain BSW4XA3 was a useful chassis for further enhancing the coutilization efficiency of mixed sugars for bioethanol production.

  8. Apixaban

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... medications called factor Xa inhibitors. It works by blocking the action of a certain natural substance that ... rash chest pain or tightness swelling of the face or tongue trouble breathing wheezing feeling dizzy or ...

  9. Tribimaximal neutrino mixing from A4 replication

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Carone, Christopher D.; Lebed, Richard F.

    2011-01-01

    Motivated by dimensional deconstruction, we propose a model of tribimaximal neutrino mixing based on A 4 xA 4 symmetry. In this model, the two triplet symmetry-breaking fields of conventional A 4 models are taken to transform under different A 4 group factors, but are not distinguished by any other quantum numbers. An additional bi-triplet flavor field breaks A 4 xA 4 to its diagonal subgroup. If the bi-triplet transforms under an additional Z 3 symmetry, we show that one can construct a general, renormalizable superpotential that yields the desired pattern of symmetry breaking. We identify the features that this model has in common with a deconstructed 5D theory in which A 4 is a subgroup of a continuous gauged flavor symmetry in the bulk.

  10. Swift BAT Thermal Recovery After Loop Heat Pipe #0 Secondary Heater Controller Failure in October 2015

    Science.gov (United States)

    Choi, Michael K.

    2016-01-01

    The Swift BAT LHP #0 primary heater controller failed on March 31, 2010. It has been disabled. On October 31, 2015, the secondary heater controller of this LHP failed. On November 1, 2015, the LHP #0 CC temperature increased to as 18.6 C, despite that the secondary heater controller set point was 8.8 C. It caused the average DM XA1 temperature to increase to 25.9 C, which was 5 C warmer than nominal. As a result, the detectors became noisy. To solve this problem, the LHP #1 secondary heater controller set point was decreased in 0.5 C decrements to 2.2 C. The set-point decrease restored the average DM XA1 temperature to a nominal value of 19.7 C on November 21.

  11. del Estado Aragua

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Joselys Cintia Zerpa

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available Diagnostica la situación actual de los bienes que conforman al patrimonio histórico-cultural del Municipio Zamora, Estado Aragua, Venezuela. La Investigación es descriptiva y de campo, comprendió la elaboración de un inventario de los bienes inmuebles, festividades religiosas y manifestaciones artesanales del municipio. Se estudiaron la condición física y uso actual de estos bienes y los planes y proyectos existentes. Analizó el marco normativo que los rige. Se obtuvo la opinión de los representantes de organismos públicos relacionados con la actividad turística del Municipio, de los visitantes, cronistas e historiadores. Aportes: La mayoría de los bienes se encuentran en buen estado de conservación, Las manifestaciones culturales, festividades y la artesanía se desarrollan periódicamente pero no son aprovechadas turísticamente, Se determinó que existe un marco normativo para tales bienes y No existen propuestas actuales referentes a estos bienes. Se reflejó el interés de los sectores institucional y privado para la incorporación de estos bienes a la oferta turística del Municipio y del Estado

  12. Juntas de Temporalidades, agentes locales y acceso a los recursos agrarios. La cesión y venta de los bienes de los jesuitas en la campaña de Buenos Aires y la Banda Oriental de fines del siglo XVIII

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Valeria Ciliberto

    Full Text Available RESUMEN El estudio de la administración y aplicación de las temporalidades incautadas a los jesuitas en 1767 en las distintas regiones de Hispanoamérica ha destacado el peso determinante de las redes de vínculos locales en el acceso a los cargos y a la propiedad de estos bienes. Desde esta perspectiva la enajenación del patrimonio rural confiscado a la orden efectuada por la Junta de Buenos Aires ha merecido menor interés historiográfico. Nuestro trabajo se centra en el análisis de las operaciones de traspaso de usufructo y propiedad de las estancias de Areco y Las Vacas concretadas a fines del siglo XVIII. Nuestro propósito es identificar los diversos actores sociales intervinientes y avanzar en el análisis de las modalidades de gestión de las Juntas porteñas en un período en el que los cambios político-institucionales de la monarquía se articulan con un proceso regional de expansión agraria y de revalorización de los recursos productivos.

  13. A multicentre molecular analysis of hepatitis B and blood-borne virus coinfections in Viet Nam.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dunford, Linda; Carr, Michael J; Dean, Jonathan; Nguyen, Linh Thuy; Ta Thi, Thu Hong; Nguyen, Binh Thanh; Connell, Jeff; Coughlan, Suzie; Nguyen, Hien Tran; Hall, William W; Thi, Lan Anh Nguyen

    2012-01-01

    Hepatitis B (HBV) infection is endemic in Viet Nam, with up to 8.4 million individuals estimated to be chronically infected. We describe results of a large, multicentre seroepidemiological and molecular study of the prevalence of HBV infection and blood-borne viral coinfections in Viet Nam. Individuals with varying risk factors for infection (n = 8654) were recruited from five centres; Ha Noi, Hai Phong, Da Nang, Khanh Hoa and Can Tho. A mean prevalence rate of 10.7% was observed and levels of HBsAg were significantly higher in injecting drug users (IDUs) (17.4%, n = 174/1000) and dialysis patients (14.3%, n = 82/575) than in lower-risk groups (9.4%; pViet Nam and also highlights the significant levels of blood-borne virus coinfections, which have important implications for hepatitis-related morbidity and development of effective management strategies.

  14. Dgroup: DG01195 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available man serum albumin (JP17) ... D02796 ... Albumin iodinated I 131 serum (USAN) ... ATC code: V09XA03 Radioactive diagnostic... agents for Cardiovascular system, Radioactive diagnostic agents for blood volume determination ...

  15. Drug: D10849 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available D10849 Mixture ... Drug Methoxy polyethylene glycol - epoetin beta mixt; Mircera (TN...) Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ester [DR:D05554], Epoetin beta [DR:D03232] ... ATC code: B03XA03 ... PubChem: 319902649 ...

  16. Trial design: Rivaroxaban for the prevention of major cardiovascular events after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: Rationale and design of the GALILEO study

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Windecker, Stephan; Tijssen, Jan; Giustino, Gennaro; Guimarães, Ana H. C.; Mehran, Roxana; Valgimigli, Marco; Vranckx, Pascal; Welsh, Robert C.; Baber, Usman; van Es, Gerrit-Anne; Wildgoose, Peter; Volkl, Albert A.; Zazula, Ana; Thomitzek, Karen; Hemmrich, Melanie; Dangas, George D.

    2017-01-01

    Optimal antithrombotic treatment after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is unknown and determined empirically. The direct factor Xa inhibitor rivaroxaban may potentially reduce TAVR-related thrombotic complications and premature valve failure. GALILEO is an international, randomized,

  17. Capital social, bienes relacionales y bienestar subjetivo revelado

    OpenAIRE

    Membiela Pollán, Matías Enrique

    2016-01-01

    [Resumen] Los supuestos en los que se basa la teoría económica tradicional adolecen de realismo antropológico y se asientan en una simplificación del comportamiento humano. El capital social es un concepto aglutinador que afronta el problema del embeddedness o de la imbricación entre lo social y lo económico, esto es, el estudio de la aportación de la "dimensión social" (normas, valores, redes sociales, confianza) al hecho económico. En el presente trabajo desarrollamos una revisión crí...

  18. Ética empresarial, responsabilidad social y bienes comunicativos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patricio Calvo Cabeza

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Since its beginnings, the conceptualisation of social responsibility has taken many forms, some of them related to philanthropy, patronage, strategy or business marketing among others. This paper defends the thesis that economic organization needs to manage those communicative goods, such as trust, reputation or reciprocity, evolved in the right development of their business activity and, therefore, on economic profit maximization. But for this, economic organization should implement a social responsibility to live up to expectations at stake; that is, to take into account the ethical dimension that underlies it.

  19. Ciberciudadanía, cultura y bienes públicos

    OpenAIRE

    Álvarez, J. Francisco

    2009-01-01

    Net society is provoking dramatic changes in several aspects of our daily life as cultural traits, business and the more disparages spheres of privacy and social life. We must attend both to freedom of access and to new services generation because of the peculiar form public goods are raising in the Net. To supersede individual capability limitations and to diffuse digital and cultural gaps, electronic government could be a cultural decisive tool in this phase of cibersociety enhancement. Tec...

  20. Comparison of transgenic plant production for bacterial blight ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    USER

    2010-03-29

    Mar 29, 2010 ... DR - 82 with calli exposed to 300 µM acetosyringone for 2 min. ... provided by the Xa 21 gene. Key words: Transformation efficiency, selection, regeneration, resistance evaluation. ...... Shrawat AK, Becker D, Lorz H (2006).

  1. Inhibition of PAI-1 release from human endothelial cells by Angelica keiskei Koidzumi (Ashitaba chalcones is structure-dependent

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Naoki Ohkura

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Angelica keiskei Koidzumi (Ashitaba is a traditional herbal medicine and it is also regarded in Japan as a health food that might have antithrombotic properties. Ashitaba exudate suppresses lipopolysaccharide (LPS-induced plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1, a risk factor for thrombotic diseases in mice. Xanthoangelol (XA and 4-hydroxyderricin (4-HD comprise > 95% of total chalcones from Ashitaba exudates that also contain trace amounts of other chalcone subtypes. The present study aimed to determine the effects of Ashitaba chalcones including xanthoangelols B (XB, D (XD, E (XE, F (XF and XA as well as 4-HD on PAI-1 levels in the medium of stimulated human EA.hy926 endothelial cells. Xanthoangelol (10 and #61549;M inhibited PAI-1 production at a rate of 77.1%, whereas the inhibition rates of XB, XD, XE and 4-HD were not significant. Xanthoangelol F was highly cytotoxic and thus its ability to inhibit PAI-1 production could not be evaluated. The side hydrocarbon chain of XA played an important role in the excretion of inhibitory activity. Small modifications of the hydrocarbon chain or small functional groups on the A ring measurably influenced the inhibitory activity of xanthoangelols. These findings warrant future research towards an understanding of the mechanism of antithrombotic action of Ashitaba as herbal medicine or antithrombotic health food. [J Intercult Ethnopharmacol 2015; 4(4.000: 355-357

  2. Thrombin induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition and collagen production by retinal pigment epithelial cells via autocrine PDGF-receptor signaling.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bastiaans, Jeroen; van Meurs, Jan C; van Holten-Neelen, Conny; Nagtzaam, Nicole M A; van Hagen, P Martin; Chambers, Rachel C; Hooijkaas, Herbert; Dik, Willem A

    2013-12-19

    De-differentiation of RPE cells into mesenchymal cells (epithelial-mesenchymal transition; EMT) and associated collagen production contributes to development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). In patients with PVR, intraocular coagulation cascade activation occurs and may play an important initiating role. Therefore, we examined the effect of the coagulation proteins factor Xa and thrombin on EMT and collagen production by RPE cells. Retinal pigment epithelial cells were stimulated with factor Xa or thrombin and the effect on zonula occludens (ZO)-1, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen, and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-B were determined by real-time quantitative-polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR), immunofluorescence microscopy, and HPLC and ELISA for collagen and PDGF-BB in culture supernatants, respectively. PDGF-receptor activation was determined by phosphorylation analysis and inhibition studies using the PDGF-receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG1296. Thrombin reduced ZO-1 gene expression (P production of α-SMA and collagen increased. In contrast to thrombin, factor Xa hardly stimulated EMT by RPE. Thrombin clearly induced PDGF-BB production and PDGF-Rβ chain phosphorylation in RPE. Moreover, AG1296 significantly blocked the effect of thrombin on EMT and collagen production. Our findings demonstrate that thrombin is a potent inducer of EMT by RPE via autocrine activation of PDGF-receptor signaling. Coagulation cascade-induced EMT of RPE may thus contribute to the formation of fibrotic retinal membranes in PVR and should be considered as treatment target in PVR.

  3. Monitoring of unfractionated heparin with rotational thrombelastometry using the prothrombinase-induced clotting time reagent (PiCT®).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Schaden, E; Jilch, S; Hacker, S; Schober, A; Kozek-Langenecker, S

    2012-12-24

    To achieve sufficient and safe anticoagulation with unfractionated heparin (UFH) a close and reliable drug monitoring is necessary. In general, the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) is used for this purpose. In acute phase response, however, the APTT test procedure might be unreliable e.g. with false low results in the presence of elevated factor VIII. In this so called heparin resistance, measurement of anti-Xa activity is recommended over APTT to avoid potentially harmful dose escalation. A combination of anti-Xa measurement and global hemostatic testing with ROTEM® employing the anti-Xa sensitive PiCT® reagent showed high correlation with enoxaparin levels. This test modification could also be suitable for monitoring UFH. Aim of the study was to evaluate the correlation between PiCT®-ROTEM® and levels of UFH. In this in-vitro study blood samples from healthy volunteers were spiked with UFH and subjected to different ROTEM® tests. There was a linear correlation between UFH level and clotting time (CT) in the PiCT®-ROTEM® test with an excellent correlation coefficient of 0.92. Additional endpoints showed similar results (PiCT®-ROTEM® MaxVel r = -0.85 and PiCT®-ROTEM® t_MaxVel r = 0.88). As a point-of-care applicable tool ROTEM® is immediately at hand. If further clinical studies confirm sensitivity in heparin resistance, PiCT®-ROTEM® could permit rapid UFH dose adjustments especially required in critical illness with acute phase response. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  4. Drug: D08251 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available D08251 Drug Nandrolone laurate; Nandrolone dodecanoate; Laurabolin [veterinary] (T...14AB01 S01XA11 Chemical group: DG00142 ... Estren derivative veterinary medicine NR3C4 (AR) [HSA:367] [KO:K085

  5. 76 FR 25308 - Marine Mammals

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-05-04

    ...-XA165 Marine Mammals AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric... Jennifer Burns, Ph.D., University of Alaska Anchorage, Biology Department, 3101 Science Circle, Anchorage, AK, has been issued a permit to conduct [[Page 25309

  6. Confiscación de bienes eclesiásticos en Colombia. La contabilidad de la Agencia General de Bienes Desamortizados (1861-1888

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Orlando Rico Bonilla

    2010-07-01

    Por lo tanto, el ensayo tiene por objeto retratar a partir de las correspondientes fuentes primarias y secundarias, el sistema contable de la desamortización, que junto con otros sucesos históricos, constituye el contexto en el que se desenvuelve la contabilidad gubernamental en Colombia y Latinoamérica.

  7. On the revision of action laws: an algorithmic approach

    CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

    Varzinczak, JJ

    2009-07-01

    Full Text Available that buying can be executed whenever the agent has a token. The set of executability laws of a domain is denoted by X . Given a, Ea (resp. Xa) will denote the set of only those effect (resp. executability) laws about a. Action Theories T = S ∪ E ∪ X...(pi ∧ ϕA) → ⊥ then if T |=Kn(pi∧ϕA) → 〈a〉> and S ′, E ′,X 6|=Kn¬(pi∧ϕA) then Xa′:= {(ϕi∧ pi∧ϕA) → 〈a〉> : ϕi → 〈a〉> ∈ Xa} /* preserve executability law in state not removed */ else E ′:= E ′ ∪ {(pi ∧ ϕA) → [a]⊥} T?ϕ:= S ′ ∪ E ′ ∪ X ′ 4.2 Revising a...

  8. 76 FR 49735 - Endangered and Threatened Species; Take of Anadromous Fish

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-08-11

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA631 Endangered and Threatened Species; Take of Anadromous Fish AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS.... Therese Conant, Acting Chief, Endangered Species Division, Office of Protected Resources, National Marine...

  9. 76 FR 4551 - Hawaii Crustacean Fisheries; 2011 Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Lobster Harvest Guideline

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-01-26

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 50 CFR Part 665 RIN 0648-XA159 Hawaii Crustacean Fisheries; 2011 Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Lobster Harvest Guideline AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Commerce...

  10. Notice sur la Tyana superba, Moore

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Snellen, P.C.T.

    1890-01-01

    Monsieur Ritsema, ayant reçu de Mr. A. L. van Hasselt, Résident à Padang Sidempoean (Sumatra occid.), pour le Musée de Leide, un exemplaire très-frais et assez bien conservé de cette belle espèce, qui mérite bien son nom, me permit à ma demande de l’examiner afin de bien déterminer sa position

  11. Dgroup: DG00137 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG00137 Chemical ... DGroup Calcium chloride ... C08130 ... Calcium chloride anhydrous D02256 ... Calcium... chloride (USP); Calcium chloride hydrate (JP17) ... ATC code: A12AA07 B05XA07 G04BA03 Calcium supplement ...

  12. 76 FR 26253 - Marine Fisheries Advisory Committee Meeting

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-05-06

    ...; National Ocean Policy, coastal and marine spatial planning, ocean energy and climate change adaptation... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA412 Marine Fisheries Advisory Committee Meeting AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and...

  13. 76 FR 5338 - Endangered and Threatened Species; Take of Anadromous Fish

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-01-31

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA183 Endangered and Threatened Species; Take of Anadromous Fish AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS... regulations (50 CFR parts 222-226) governing listed fish and wildlife permits. [[Page 5339

  14. 76 FR 6401 - Endangered and Threatened Species; Take of Anadromous Fish

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-02-04

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA110 Endangered and Threatened Species; Take of Anadromous Fish AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS... and the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife submitted to NMFS, pursuant to the protective...

  15. 76 FR 65700 - Atlantic Highly Migratory Species; Advisory Panel for Atlantic Highly Migratory Species Southeast...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-10-24

    .... Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico, and each of the constituent interstate commissions: the Atlantic States... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA776 Atlantic Highly Migratory Species; Advisory Panel for Atlantic Highly Migratory Species Southeast Data, Assessment...

  16. Incisors as digging tools in molerats (Bathyergidae)

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    1998-03-26

    Xa and Vb) at which the upper and lower incisors (lines a- ..... JARVIS. JU.M., BENNETT. N.C. 1991. Introducing the Alriean mole-rats (family Bathyergidae). In: The biology of the naked mole-rat: 66 - 96. (Eds) Sherman. R. W ..

  17. 77 FR 5775 - Caribbean Fishery Management Council; Public Meeting

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-02-06

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN: 0648-XA981 Caribbean... Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Commerce. ACTION: Notice of public meeting. SUMMARY: The... --Bulletin/Newsletter --Social Network Pages --Streaming of Council Meetings --Other Business The meeting is...

  18. 76 FR 9553 - Mid-Atlantic Fishery Management Council; Public Meeting

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-02-18

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA226 Mid-Atlantic... Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Commerce. ACTION: Notice of public meeting. SUMMARY: The Social and Economic Sub-Committee of the Mid-Atlantic Fishery Management Council's (Council) Scientific...

  19. 76 FR 16620 - Mid-Atlantic Fishery Management Council (MAFMC); Meeting

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-03-24

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA316 Mid-Atlantic... Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Commerce. ACTION: Notice of public meeting. SUMMARY: The Social and Economic Sub-Committee of the Mid-Atlantic Fishery Management Council's (Council) Scientific...

  20. 77 FR 1671 - Endangered Species; File No. 16194

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-01-11

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA925 Endangered... olivacea), leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea), and unidentified hardshell sea turtles for the purposes of..., leatherback, Kemp's ridley, olive ridley, and unidentified hardshell sea turtles had been submitted by the...

  1. 77 FR 8776 - Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Atlantic Bluefish Fishery; 2012 Atlantic Bluefish...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-02-15

    .... 120201086-2085-01] RIN 0648-XA904 Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Atlantic Bluefish Fishery; 2012 Atlantic Bluefish Specifications AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National... comments. SUMMARY: NMFS proposes specifications for the 2012 Atlantic bluefish fishery, including an annual...

  2. Edoxaban versus warfarin for the treatment of symptomatic venous thromboembolism

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Büller, Harry R; Décousus, Hervé; Grosso, Michael A; Mercuri, Michele; Middeldorp, Saskia; Prins, Martin H; Raskob, Gary E; Schellong, Sebastian M; Schwocho, Lee; Segers, Annelise; Shi, Minggao; Verhamme, Peter; Wells, Phil; Kamphuisen, P.W.

    2013-01-01

    BACKGROUND: Whether the oral factor Xa inhibitor edoxaban can be an alternative to warfarin in patients with venous thromboembolism is unclear. METHODS: In a randomized, double-blind, noninferiority study, we randomly assigned patients with acute venous thromboembolism, who had initially received

  3. Estudo parcial da validação do Atlas do Rorschach Sistema Compreensivo em amostra de pacientes psiquiátricos de São Paulo Estudio parcial de la validación del Atlas del Rorschach Sistema Comprensivo en muestra de pacientes psiquiátricos de São Paulo Partial validation study of the Rorschach Comprehensive System atlas on a sample of psychiatric patients of São Paulo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Thaís Cristina Marques

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho é parte do estudo de validação do atlas de localização e da lista de qualidade formal brasileiros do Rorschach Sistema Compreensivo em amostra de pacientes psiquiátricos da cidade de São Paulo, comparando as variáveis X+%, XA%, WDA%, X-% e Xu% dos pacientes com os valores encontrados na amostra normativa brasileira. Foram avaliados 45 pacientes, e os instrumentos de seleção foram a entrevista clínica estruturada para diagnóstico do DSM-IV (SCID-I e a Escala das Síndromes Positiva e Negativa (PANSS. 23 pacientes preencheram critério pela SCID-I para transtornos psicóticos e, destes, 19 foram considerados psicóticos pela PANSS. Todos os protocolos foram classificados segundo as classificações norte-americanas e brasileiras. Foi realizada ANOVA, comparando amostras normativas e o grupo de pacientes. As variáveis XA% e X-% mostraram-se sensíveis para detectar as nuances perceptivas entre as pessoas. As áreas de localização e lista de qualidade formal brasileiras se mostraram válidas para discriminar graus de comprometimento perceptivo.Este trabajo es parte del estudio de validación del atlas de localización y de la lista de calidad formal brasileña del Rorschach Sistema Comprensivo en muestra de pacientes psiquiátricos de la ciudad de São Paulo-Brasil, comparando las variables X+%, XA%, WDA%, X-% y Xu% de los pacientes con los valores encontrados en la muestra normativa brasileña. Fueron evaluados 45 pacientes, los instrumentos de selección fueron la Entrevista clínica estructurada para diagnóstico del DSM-IV (SCID-I y la Escala de las Síndromes Positiva y Negativa (PANSS. 23 pacientes lograron criterio por la SCID-I para trastornos psicóticos y de estos 19 fueron considerados psicóticos por la PANSS. Todos los protocolos fueron clasificados según las clasificaciones norteamericanas y brasileñas. Fue realizada ANOVA, comparando muestras normativas y el grupo de pacientes. Las variables XA% y X-% se

  4. One-instanton test of a Seiberg-Witten curve from M-theory: the antisymmetric representation of SU(N)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Naculich, S.G.; Schnitzer, H.J.

    1998-01-01

    One-instanton predictions are obtained from the Seiberg-Witten curve derived from M-theory by Landsteiner and Lopez for the Coulomb branch of N=2 supersymmetric SU(N) gauge theory with a matter hypermultiplet in the antisymmetric representation. Since this cubic curve describes a Riemann surface that is non-hyperelliptic, a systematic perturbation expansion about a hyperelliptic curve is developed, with a comparable expansion for the Seiberg-Witten differential. Calculation of the period integrals of the SW differential by the method of residues of D'Hoker, Krichever, and Phong enables us to compute the prepotential explicitly to one-instanton order. It is shown that the one-instanton predictions for SU(2), SU(3), and SU(4) agree with previously available results. For SU(N), N≥5, our analysis provides explicit predictions of a curve derived from M-theory at the one-instanton level in field theory. (orig.)

  5. Agent Orange Footprint Still Visible in Rural Areas of Central Vietnam

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jan Banout

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Levels of polychlorinated dioxins/furans (PCDD/PCDF in selected environmental samples (soils, sediments, fish, and farm animals were analyzed from the area of Phong My commune (Thua Thien-Hue province, Vietnam. This area was affected by Agent Orange spraying during the Vietnam war (1968–1971. Whereas PCDD/PCDF content in soil and sediment samples is relatively low and ranges between 0.05 and 5.1 pg WHO-TEQ/g for soils and between 0.7 and 6.4 pg WHO-TEQ/g for sediments, the PCDD/PCDF content in poultry muscle and liver in most cases exceeded the maximum permissible limit of dioxin content per unit fat mass. In some cases of soil and sediments samples, 2,3,7,8-TCDD represented more than 90% of the total PCDD/PCDF, which indicates Agent Orange as the main source.

  6. Identification of Bacterial Plant Pathogens Using Multilocus Polymerase Chain Reaction/Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry

    Science.gov (United States)

    2008-01-01

    pathogens also have been detected and identified by numerous nucleic acid-based techniques, including Southern blot hybridization and direct nucleotide...Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vitians FB-1309; ATCC19320 Lettuce ; USA 1 Xanthomonas axonopodis sp. alfalfae XA129; Med. 2 Alfalfa; Sudan 1 Xanthomonas

  7. 76 FR 5339 - Endangered and Threatened Species; Take of Anadromous Fish

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-01-31

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA182 Endangered and Threatened Species; Take of Anadromous Fish AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS... are issued in accordance with and are subject to the ESA and NMFS regulations governing listed fish...

  8. 78 FR 36550 - Proposed Data Collections Submitted for Public Comment and Recommendations

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-06-18

    ... barriers to program implementation, solutions to those barriers, and documentation of client health... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [60Day-13-13XA... prescription filling patterns and timing of refills, checking for medication interactions, patient education...

  9. 76 FR 56742 - Mid-Atlantic Fishery Management Council; Workshop

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-09-14

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA700 Mid-Atlantic... and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Commerce. ACTION: Notice of a workshop. SUMMARY: The Eight..., economic and social perspectives. DATES: The workshop will be held Tuesday, October 4 through Thursday...

  10. 76 FR 71939 - New England Fishery Management Council; Public Meeting

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-11-21

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA837 New England... Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Commerce. ACTION: Notice; public meeting. SUMMARY: The New... Scientific and Statistical Committee (SSC) will discuss the 2012 SSC calendar and tasks, social science...

  11. 77 FR 2961 - Mid-Atlantic Fishery Management Council (MAFMC); Public Meeting

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-01-20

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA943 Mid-Atlantic...), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Commerce. ACTION: Notice of a public meeting... with the Council's Social and Economic Sub-committee of the Scientific and Statistical Committee (SSC...

  12. New oral anticoagulant-induced bleeding: clinical presentation and management

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Levy, Jerrold H.; Levi, Marcel

    2014-01-01

    Bleeding is a significant complication of anticoagulant therapy. With the emergence of new oral anticoagulants (NOACs; ie, direct factor IIa or Xa inhibitors), this risk is further compounded by the lack of validated reversal strategies for these agents. Emerging postmarketing evidence suggests that

  13. 76 FR 78242 - Endangered and Threatened Species; Take of Anadromous Fish

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-12-16

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA866 Endangered and Threatened Species; Take of Anadromous Fish AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS... Endangered Species Act (ESA) and to help guide management and conservation efforts. The application may be...

  14. 75 FR 71670 - Endangered Species; File No. 15606

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-11-24

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA054 Endangered... (Lepidochelys kempii), loggerhead (Caretta caretta), and hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata) sea turtles for... INFORMATION: The subject permit is requested under the authority of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as...

  15. 76 FR 22877 - Endangered Species; File No. 15566

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-04-25

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA387 Endangered...), leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea), and hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata) sea turtles for purposes of... Federal Register (75 FR 67682) that a request for a scientific research permit to take sea turtles had...

  16. 76 FR 33245 - Endangered Species; File No. 15135

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-06-08

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA466 Endangered..., 132 Conch Court, Emerald Isle, NC 28594, has been issued a permit to take threatened and endangered sea turtles for purposes scientific research. ADDRESSES: The permit and related documents are...

  17. 76 FR 20324 - Endangered Species; File No. 15606

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-04-12

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA354 Endangered...), loggerhead (Caretta caretta), and hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata) sea turtles for purposes of scientific..., loggerhead, and hawksbill sea turtles had been submitted by the above-named individual. The requested permit...

  18. 77 FR 25100 - Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Atlantic Bluefish Fishery; 2012 Atlantic Bluefish...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-04-27

    .... 120201086-2418-02] RIN 0648-XA904 Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Atlantic Bluefish Fishery; 2012 Atlantic Bluefish Specifications AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National... specifications for the 2012 Atlantic bluefish fishery, including an annual catch limit, total allowable landings...

  19. Protein C inhibitor acts as a procoagulant by inhibiting the thrombomodulin-induced activation of protein C in human plasma

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Elisen, M. G.; von dem Borne, P. A.; Bouma, B. N.; Meijers, J. C.

    1998-01-01

    Protein C inhibitor (PCI), which was originally identified as an inhibitor of activated protein C, also efficiently inhibits coagulation factors such as factor Xa and thrombin. Recently it was found, using purified proteins, that the anticoagulant thrombin-thrombomodulin complex was also inhibited

  20. Universal, class-specific and drug-specific reversal agents for the new oral anticoagulants.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ansell, Jack E

    2016-02-01

    Although there is controversy about the absolute need for a reversal agent for the new direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), the absence of such an agent is a barrier to more widespread use of these agents. For the management of major life-threatening bleeding with the DOACs, most authorities recommend the use of four factor prothrombin complex concentrates, although the evidence to support their use in terms of improving outcomes is meager. At the present time, there are three antidotes in development and poised to enter the market. Idarucizumab is a drug-specific antidote targeted to reverse the direct thrombin inhibitor, dabigatran. Andexanet alfa is a class-specific antidote targeted to reverse the oral direct factor Xa inhibitors as well as the indirect inhibitor, enoxaparin. Ciraparantag is a universal antidote targeted to reverse the direct thrombin and factor Xa inhibitors as well as the indirect inhibitor, enoxaparin.

  1. Long-term outcome of FFR-guided PCI for stable coronary artery disease in daily clinical practice

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    De Backer, Ole; Biasco, Luigi; Lønborg, Jacob

    2016-01-01

    AIMS: Our aim was to investigate the strength of fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for stable coronary artery disease (CAD) in daily practice. METHODS AND RESULTS: For this study, 3,512 patients with stable CAD and at least one 50-89% coronary stenosis...... were identified; those patients thought to require PCI (n=1,716) were selected. Of these, 962 (56%) were treated based on angiography (XA) alone, whereas 754 patients (44%) had an FFR-guided treatment. In the latter group, 321 patients (43%) were reallocated to another treatment, predominantly medical...... treatment. After propensity score matching, the number of indicated lesions was 957 in the XA-guided group and 947 in the FFR-guided group. FFR guidance resulted in PCI deferral in 462 lesions (48.8%). In a seven-day landmark analysis, the rate of periprocedural myocardial infarction (MI) was less than half...

  2. La doble ruptura del equilibrio dinámico de la frontera viva colombo-venezolana: nuevos perfiles demográficos e impacto en bienes colectivos colombianos; A dupla ruptura de equilibrio dinâmico da frontera viva colombo-venezuelana: novos perfis demográficos e impacto em bens coletivos colombianos; Double rupture of the dynamic balance of the colombo-venezuelan live border: new demographic profiles and impact on colombian public goods

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    admin Alvarado Araque

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available Resumen: Este texto presenta desde una perspectiva netamente teórica, las esperables consecuencias en la prestación de bienes y servicios colectivos que podría tener la actual coyuntura migratoria de la población venezolana hacia Colombia. Para esto, se describen las características que envuelven el proceso migratorio en particular y los perfiles migrantes, lo que permitiría entrever las posibles afectaciones sobre bienes colectivos, tales como: salud, educación y seguridad ciudadana. Palabras clave: migraciones, Venezuela, Colombia.   Resumo: Este texto apresenta desde uma perspectiva …, das esperadas consequências na prestação de bens e serviços coletivos que podem ter, a atual conjuntura migratória da população venezuelana até a Colômbia. Para isso, se descrevem as características que envolvem o proceso migratório em particular e os perfis migrantes, o que permitiría antever as possiveis consequências sobre bens coletivos, tais como: saúde, educação e segurança cidadã. Palavras-chaves: migração; Venezuela; Colômbia.   Abstract: This paper presents, from a purely theoretical perspective, the expected consequences in the provision of collective goods and services, that could happen in the current migratory situation of the Venezuelan population towards Colombia. In this way, we describe the characteristics that surround the migratory process in particular, and the migrant profiles, which would allow us to see the possible effects on collective goods, such as health, education and citizen security. Key words: Colombia, Venezuela, Migratory processes, Public goods.

  3. El vivir bien, una propuesta de los pueblos indígenas a la discusión sobre el desarrollo (Living well, a proposal from indigenous people to the development discussion

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elisa Canqui Mollo

    2011-07-01

    Full Text Available ResumenÚltimamente hay una conciencia global sobre que la noción de desarrollo está pasando por serios procesos de crítica y reconstrucción, por las connotaciones evolucionistas y eurocéntricas predominantes en sus principales formulaciones, pensadas de cara a la construcción y ampliación de estados nacionales y de un proyecto económico y cultural dirigido a una progresiva modernización capitalista homogénea que busca la creciente satisfacción material e individual, fundada en formas que han amenazado con subordinar y transformar otros principios, culturas y conocimientos a su imagen y semejanza. Es en este marco, que el Vivir Bien, propuesta por los Pueblos Indígenas viene a sumarse a las distintas propuestas que han ido saliendo en cuanto a desarrollo se refiere. Esta propuesta comprendida por ellos como una traducción de las formas y estilos de vida, en su simplicidad muestra una compleja articulación entre la vida de los indígenas, sus recursos naturales y el vínculo estrecho entre ambos, dentro de un territorio.AbstractIn recent times there is a global awareness of the fact that the notion of development is going through a process of criticism and reconstruction, due to the evolutionary and Eurocentric connotations in its formulation, which is oriented to the construction and expansion of nation-states and an economic and cultural project led to a progressive and homogeneous capitalist modernization, aimed at increasing individual and material satisfaction. Those forms have threatened to subordinate and transform other principles, culture and knowledge. In this context we find the proposal of the indigenous peoples of Living Well. This proposal, understood by them as a translation of forms and lifestyles, shows in its simplicity, a complex articulation between the life of indigenous, their natural resources and the close link between them within a territory.

  4. Aprendizaje en la producción de capital, crecimiento acelerado y cambio estructural

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ortiz Carlos Humberto

    2008-08-01

    Full Text Available Con base en un modelo bisectorial de crecimiento endógeno (Rebelo
    1991, en el cual se produce un bien de consumo y un bien de capital, en este artículo se analiza el efecto de suponer aprendizaje en la práctica en el sector productor del bien de capital. El modelo modificado reproduce dos patrones del desarrollo económico de largo plazo: crecimiento acelerado y cambio estructural.

  5. 76 FR 41764 - Fisheries of the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and South Atlantic; Coral and Coral Reefs off the...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-07-15

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [RIN 0648-XA491] Fisheries of the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and South Atlantic; Coral and Coral Reefs off the Southern Atlantic... sanctuaries, special management zones, or artificial reefs without additional authorization. A report on the...

  6. 77 FR 2037 - Marine Mammals; Photography Permit File No. 17032

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-01-13

    ... filmmaker hopes to document the behavior of marine animals in the presence of a gray whale carcass. Filming... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA929 Marine Mammals; Photography Permit File No. 17032 AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National...

  7. 77 FR 24470 - Marine Mammals; Photography Permit File No. 17032

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-04-24

    ... behavior of marine animals in the presence of a gray whale carcass. Filming will occur between April and... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA929 Marine Mammals; Photography Permit File No. 17032 AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National...

  8. 77 FR 2037 - Endangered and Threatened Species; Take of Anadromous Fish

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-01-13

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA928 Endangered and Threatened Species; Take of Anadromous Fish AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS... advises the public that a direct take permit has been issued to the Washington Department of Fish and...

  9. Apixaban versus enoxaparin for thromboprophylaxis after knee replacement (ADVANCE-2): a randomised double-blind trial

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Lassen, Michael Rud; Raskob, Gary E; Gallus, Alexander

    2010-01-01

    BACKGROUND: Low-molecular-weight heparins such as enoxaparin are preferred for prevention of venous thromboembolism after major joint replacement. Apixaban, an orally active factor Xa inhibitor, might be as effective, have lower bleeding risk, and be easier to use than is enoxaparin. We assessed ...

  10. 76 FR 53343 - Atlantic Highly Migratory Species; Commercial Porbeagle Shark Fishery Closure

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-08-26

    ...-XA658 Atlantic Highly Migratory Species; Commercial Porbeagle Shark Fishery Closure AGENCY: National...: Temporary rule; fishery closure. SUMMARY: NMFS is closing the commercial fishery for porbeagle sharks. This... available quota. DATES: The commercial porbeagle shark fishery is closed effective 11:30 p.m. local time...

  11. 75 FR 74004 - Atlantic Highly Migratory Species; Advisory Panel

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-11-30

    ... Atlantic Regional Fishery Management Councils, each of the 18 constituent states, both the U.S. Virgin... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA059 Atlantic... nominations for the Advisory Panel (AP) for Atlantic Highly Migratory Species (HMS) Southeast Data, Assessment...

  12. 76 FR 57958 - Fisheries of the South Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico; South Atlantic Fishery Management Council...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-09-19

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN: 0648-XA708 Fisheries...), Commerce. ACTION: Notice of public meetings. SUMMARY: The South Atlantic Fishery Management Council (SAFMC...-pane reviews social and economic information and reports its findings to the SSC. The SEP will discuss...

  13. 76 FR 61284 - Accountability Measures and Reduced Season for the South Atlantic Recreational Sector of Golden...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-10-04

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 50 CFR Part 622 [Docket No. 0907271173-0629-03] RIN 0648-XA701 Accountability Measures and Reduced Season for the South Atlantic.... SUMMARY: NMFS implements accountability measures (AMs) for the recreational sector of golden tilefish in...

  14. Edoxaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Giugliano, R.P.; Ruff, C.T.; Braunwald, E.; Murphy, S.A.; Wiviott, S.D.; Halperin, J.L.; Waldo, A.L.; Ezekowitz, M.D.; Weitz, J.I.; Spinar, J.; Ruzyllo, W.; Ruda, M.; Koretsune, Y.; Betcher, J.; Shi, M.; Grip, L.T.; Patel, S.P.; Patel, I.; Hanyok, J.J.; Mercuri, M.; Antman, E.M.; Verheugt, F.W.A.; et al.,

    2013-01-01

    BACKGROUND: Edoxaban is a direct oral factor Xa inhibitor with proven antithrombotic effects. The long-term efficacy and safety of edoxaban as compared with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation is not known. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy trial comparing two

  15. Edoxaban versus Warfarin in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Giugliano, Robert P.; Ruff, Christian T.; Braunwald, Eugene; Murphy, Sabina A.; Wiviott, Stephen D.; Halperin, Jonathan L.; Waldo, Albert L.; Ezekowitz, Michael D.; Weitz, Jeffrey I.; Špinar, Jindřich; Ruzyllo, Witold; Ruda, Mikhail; Koretsune, Yukihiro; Betcher, Joshua; Shi, Minggao; Grip, Laura T.; Patel, Shirali P.; Patel, Indravadan; Hanyok, James J.; Mercuri, Michele; Antman, Elliott M.; Braunwald, E.; Antman, E. M.; Giugliano, R. P.; Ruff, C. T.; Morin, S. E.; Hoffman, E. B.; Murphy, S. A.; Deenadayalu, N.; Grip, L.; Mercuri, M.; Lanz, H.; Patel, I.; Curt, V.; Duggal, A.; Hanyok, J.; Davé, J.; Morgan, D.; Choi, Y.; Shi, M.; Jin, J.; Xie, J.; Crerand, W.; Kappelhof, J.; Maxwell, W.; Zhang, X.; Zhang, Z.; de Groot, J. [=Joris R.; de Vos, R.; Hoekstra, J.

    2013-01-01

    BackgroundEdoxaban is a direct oral factor Xa inhibitor with proven antithrombotic effects. The long-term efficacy and safety of edoxaban as compared with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation is not known. MethodsWe conducted a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy trial comparing two

  16. 77 FR 24686 - Endangered Species; File No. 15634

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-04-25

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA714 Endangered... Ballance, Ph.D.] has been issued a permit to take leatherback sea turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) for... permit to take leatherback sea turtles had been submitted by the above-named organization. The requested...

  17. 77 FR 1062 - Endangered Species; File No. 16146

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-01-09

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA900 Endangered... (Eretmochelys imbricata) sea turtles for the purposes of scientific research. ADDRESSES: The permit and related... take loggerhead, green, and hawksbill sea turtles had been submitted by the above-named individual. The...

  18. 76 FR 37327 - Endangered Species; File No. 16253

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-06-27

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA518 Endangered... loggerhead (Caretta caretta) sea turtles for scientific research. DATES: Written, telefaxed, or e-mail... INFORMATION: The subject permit is requested under the authority of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as...

  19. 76 FR 19052 - Endangered Species; File No. 14344

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-04-06

    ...-named organization. The requested permit has been issued under the authority of the Endangered Species..., importing, and exporting of endangered and threatened species (50 CFR parts 222-226). The permit authorizes... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA340 Endangered...

  20. 76 FR 51945 - Endangered Species; File No. 16548

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-08-19

    .... SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The subject permit is requested under the authority of the Endangered Species Act of... exporting of endangered and threatened species (50 CFR parts 222-226). The Springfield Science Museum is... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA648 Endangered...

  1. 76 FR 45230 - Endangered Species; File No. 15802

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-07-28

    ... INFORMATION: The subject permit is requested under the authority of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as... of endangered and threatened species (50 CFR 222-226). The applicant proposes to monitor smalltooth... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA603 Endangered...

  2. 77 FR 30261 - Endangered Species; File No. 16306

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-05-22

    ..., importing, and exporting of endangered and threatened species (50 CFR parts 222-226). The Maine Department... to the disadvantage of such endangered or threatened species, and (3) is consistent with the purposes... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA712 Endangered...

  3. Apixaban with antiplatelet therapy after acute coronary syndrome

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Alexander, J.H.; Lopes, R.D.; James, S.; Kilaru, R.; He, Y.; Mohan, P.; Bhatt, D.L.; Goodman, S.; Verheugt, F.W.A.; Flather, M.; Huber, K.; Liaw, D.; Husted, S.E.; Lopez-Sendon, J.; De Caterina, R.; Jansky, P.; Darius, H.; Vinereanu, D.; Cornel, J.H.; Cools, F.; Atar, D.; Leiva-Pons, J.L.; Keltai, M.; Ogawa, H.; Pais, P.; Parkhomenko, A.; Ruzyllo, W.; Diaz, R.; White, H.; Ruda, M.; Geraldes, M.; Lawrence, J.; Harrington, R.A.; Wallentin, L.

    2011-01-01

    BACKGROUND: Apixaban, an oral, direct factor Xa inhibitor, may reduce the risk of recurrent ischemic events when added to antiplatelet therapy after an acute coronary syndrome. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial comparing apixaban, at a dose of 5 mg

  4. 77 FR 47356 - North Pacific Fishery Management Council; Essential Fish Habitat Amendments

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-08-08

    ...-XA500 North Pacific Fishery Management Council; Essential Fish Habitat Amendments AGENCY: National... Pacific Fishery Management Council submitted the following essential fish habitat (EFH) amendments to NMFS... Scallop Fishery off Alaska; and Amendment 1 to the FMP for Fish Resources of the Arctic Management Area...

  5. 76 FR 18416 - Atlantic Highly Migratory Species; Atlantic Bluefin Tuna Fisheries

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-04-04

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 50 CFR Part 635 [Docket No. 100317152-0176-01] RIN 0648-XA327 Atlantic Highly Migratory Species; Atlantic Bluefin Tuna Fisheries AGENCY... ability to attract customers. In addition, recent Large Pelagics Survey estimates indicate that charter...

  6. 77 FR 25145 - Marine Mammals; File No. 978-1857

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-04-27

    ... mammals at the Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology through May 31, 2012. The minor amendment (No. 978-1857... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA37 Marine Mammals; File No. 978-1857 AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and...

  7. 76 FR 28422 - Marine Mammals; File No. 16053

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-05-17

    ... Paul E. Nachtigall, PhD, Marine Mammal Research Program Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, P.O. Box... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA384 Marine Mammals; File No. 16053 AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric...

  8. Sex determining signal in Drosophila melanogaster

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Administrator

    Addition of almost any segment of the X chromosome pro- duced a shift towards ... It is now well established that the X/A signal acts to set the functional state ... tionally related because a defect in one of them can be partly. COMMENTARY ON ...

  9. Organización Mundial de Comercio (O.M.C.). Acuerdo sobre Subvenciones y Medidas Compensatorias

    OpenAIRE

    De Narda, Fernando Manuel

    2008-01-01

    El comercio internacional consiste en el intercambio de bienes, servicios y capitales entre los diferentes países. Desde una perspectiva histórica, los países han mantenido relaciones comerciales fundamentalmente porque no podían producir todos los bienes que necesitaban. En la actualidad, todos los países importan muchas mercancías, bienes y servicios que podrían producir ellos mismos. La justificación de estos intercambios internacionales descansa fundamentalmente en que...

  10. Buena fortuna y felicidad en la ética cartesiana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marvin Estrada

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo pretendo principalmente mostrar por qué Descartes afirma que la buena fortuna no es necesaria para alcanzar la felicidad. Primero mostraré la diferencia que  Descartes establece entre felicidad y dicha. Luego mostraré que Descartes considera que la felicidad solo puede obtenerse mediante la práctica de la virtud ya que esta constituye el bien supremo al que puede aspirar cada individuo y expondré las razones que apoyan esta afirmación.  Al estar la virtud enteramente en nuestro poder se ve claramente que el favor de la fortuna no es necesario para alcanzar la felicidad. También mostraré que si bien los bienes de la fortuna pueden producir contento, no son necesarios para lograr la felicidad del individuo. Sin embargo, Descartes indica que estos bienes sí son importantes para lograr alcanzar el bien supremo del conjunto de todos los seres humanos. Finalmente expondré brevemente que, según Descartes, la virtud también es necesaria para poder disfrutar adecuadamente del favor de la fortuna.

  11. Oral Rivaroxaban for the Treatment of Symptomatic Pulmonary Embolism

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Büller, Harry R.; Prins, Martin H.; Lensin, Anthonie W. A.; Decousus, Hervé; Jacobson, Barry F.; Minar, Erich; Chlumsky, Jaromir; Verhamme, Peter; Wells, Phil; Agnelli, Giancarlo; Cohen, Alexander; Berkowitz, Scott D.; Bounameaux, Henri; Davidson, Bruce L.; Misselwitz, Frank; Gallus, Alex S.; Raskob, Gary E.; Schellong, Sebastian; Segers, Annelise; Berkowitz, Scott; Gallus, Alexander; Lensing, Anthonie W. A.; Haskell, Lloyd; Raskob, Gary; Bauersachs, Rupert; van Bellen, Bonno; Boda, Zoltán; Borris, Lars; Brenner, Benjamin; Brighton, Tim; Davidson, Bruce; Decousus, Herve; Eriksson, Henry; Jacobson, Barry; Kakkar, Ajay; Kwong, Yok-Lam; Lee, Lai Heng; Meijer, Karina; van der Meer, Jan; Monreal, Manuel; Piovella, Franco; Sandset, Per Morten; Smith, Mark; Tomkowski, Witold; Wang, Yuqi; Brandjes, Dees; Mac Gillavry, Melvin; Otten, Hans-Martin; Carlsson, Anders; Kamphuisen, P.

    2012-01-01

    BACKGROUND A fixed-dose regimen of rivaroxaban, an oral factor Xa inhibitor, has been shown to be as effective as standard anticoagulant therapy for the treatment of deep-vein thrombosis, without the need for laboratory monitoring. This approach may also simplify the treatment of pulmonary embolism.

  12. Sen char nsory, acteris pequ physi stics o i (Cary coche of Gree ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    SAM

    purchase in. 1), 1% pequ .... xa Postal 66, s II da UFG, .... the exposure of consumers to high risks of contamination by a ... After the addition of the culture, the milk was kept at 42°C in .... and Robinson (1999), who studied the behavior of starter.

  13. African Journal of Biotechnology - Vol 8, No 21 (2009)

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Analyses of karyotypes and comparative physical locations of the resistance gene, Xa-5, between Oryza sativa and Oryza,/i> officinalis · EMAIL FREE FULL .... Phytochemical constituents and effects of aqueous root-bark extract of Ficus sycomorus L. (Moracaea) on muscular relaxation, anaesthetic and sleeping time on ...

  14. 77 FR 32572 - Fisheries of the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and South Atlantic; Coral and Coral Reefs Off the...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-06-01

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA935 Fisheries of the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and South Atlantic; Coral and Coral Reefs Off the Southern Atlantic... conditions, various species of reef fish, crabs, and lobsters in Federal waters off South Carolina and North...

  15. 76 FR 17434 - Receipt of Application for an Endangered Species Act Incidental Take Permit

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-03-29

    ... Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA020 Receipt of Application for an Endangered Species Act Incidental Take..., the Services) for incidental take permits (ITPs) under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended...) and implementing regulations prohibit the taking of animal species listed as endangered or threatened...

  16. 77 FR 35355 - User Fee Schedule for Trade Promotion Services

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-06-13

    ...-XA17 User Fee Schedule for Trade Promotion Services AGENCY: U.S. & Foreign Commercial Service... promotion services under the current fee structure. ITA provides a wide range of trade promotion information... these more intensive trade promotion services. The fee revenue is expected to continue to contribute to...

  17. Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Granger, C.B.; Alexander, J.H.; McMurray, J.J.; Lopes, R.D.; Hylek, E.M.; Hanna, M.; Al-Khalidi, H.R.; Ansell, J.; Atar, D.; Avezum, A.; Bahit, M.C.; Diaz, R.; Easton, J.D.; Ezekowitz, J.A.; Flaker, G.; Garcia, D.; Geraldes, M.; Gersh, B.J.; Golitsyn, S.; Goto, S.; Hermosillo, A.G.; Hohnloser, S.H.; Horowitz, J.; Mohan, P.; Jansky, P.; Lewis, B.S.; Lopez-Sendon, J.L.; Pais, P.; Parkhomenko, A.; Verheugt, F.W.A.; Zhu, J.; Wallentin, L.

    2011-01-01

    BACKGROUND: Vitamin K antagonists are highly effective in preventing stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation but have several limitations. Apixaban is a novel oral direct factor Xa inhibitor that has been shown to reduce the risk of stroke in a similar population in comparison with aspirin.

  18. 76 FR 71515 - Endangered Species; File No. 16174

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-11-18

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA826 Endangered... issued a permit to take green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) for the purposes of scientific research... request for a scientific research permit to take green sea turtles had been submitted by the above-named...

  19. 75 FR 67682 - Endangered Species; File No. 15566

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-11-03

    ... permit is requested under the authority of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA; 16 U.S.C... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA013 Endangered Species; File No. 15566 AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric...

  20. 75 FR 78974 - Endangered Species

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-12-17

    ...-XA086 Endangered Species AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and... the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) and the regulations governing the taking, importing, and exporting of endangered and threatened species (50 CFR 222-226). Permit...

  1. 76 FR 40699 - Endangered Species; File No. 16229

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-07-11

    .... SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The subject permit is requested under the authority of the Endangered Species Act of... exporting of endangered and threatened species (50 CFR 222-226). The North Carolina Zoo [File No. 16229] is... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA516 Endangered...

  2. 75 FR 82295 - Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Atlantic Bluefish Fishery; Quota Transfer

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-12-30

    .... 100204079-0199-02] RIN 0648-XA084 Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Atlantic Bluefish Fishery... the Commonwealth of Virginia is transferring commercial bluefish quota to the State of North Carolina... INFORMATION: Regulations governing the Atlantic bluefish fishery are found at 50 CFR part 648. The regulations...

  3. 76 FR 74009 - Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Bluefish Fishery; Quota Transfer

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-11-30

    .... 101228634-1149-02] RIN 0648-XA825 Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Bluefish Fishery; Quota... a portion of its 2011 commercial bluefish quota to New York State. By this action, NMFS adjusts the... Specialist, (978) 281-9224. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Regulations governing the bluefish fishery are found...

  4. 77 FR 2512 - Marine Mammals

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-01-18

    ...-XA905 Marine Mammals AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric... Dorian Houser, Ph.D., National Marine Mammal Foundation, 2240 Shelter Island Drive, 200, San Diego, CA... subject permit is requested under the authority of the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, as amended...

  5. 76 FR 47527 - Retrospective Regulatory Review Under E.O. 13563

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-08-05

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Bureau of Industry and Security 15 CFR Chapter VII [Docket No. 110711380-1379-01] RIN 0694-XA37 Retrospective Regulatory Review Under E.O. 13563 AGENCY: Bureau of Industry and Security, Commerce. ACTION: Notice of inquiry. SUMMARY: The Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS...

  6. 77 FR 66564 - North Pacific Fishery Management Council; Essential Fish Habitat Amendments

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-11-06

    ...-XA500 North Pacific Fishery Management Council; Essential Fish Habitat Amendments AGENCY: National... Scallop Fishery off Alaska (Scallop FMP); and Amendment 1 to the FMP for Fish Resources of the Arctic Management Area (Arctic FMP). These amendments update the existing essential fish habitat (EFH) provisions in...

  7. Drug: D01016 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available ne glycerin [DR:D04412], Dental iodine glycerin [DR:D04880], Elemenmic (TN), Iodine...ssified ... DG02017 ... Potassium Same as: C08219 Therapeutic category: 3221 ATC code: R05CA02 S01XA04 V03AB21 ... Component of Compound iodi

  8. 76 FR 55276 - Fisheries of the Economic Exclusive Zone Off Alaska; Shallow-Water Species Fishery by Vessels...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-09-07

    .... 101126522-0640-02] RIN 0648-XA680 Fisheries of the Economic Exclusive Zone Off Alaska; Shallow- Water...; closure. SUMMARY: NMFS is prohibiting directed fishing for species that comprise the shallow-water species... fourth seasonal apportionment of the Pacific halibut bycatch allowance specified for the shallow-water...

  9. 76 FR 39794 - Fisheries of the Economic Exclusive Zone Off Alaska; Shallow-Water Species Fishery by Catcher...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-07-07

    .... 101126522-0640-02] RIN 0648-XA539 Fisheries of the Economic Exclusive Zone Off Alaska; Shallow- Water...; closure. SUMMARY: NMFS is prohibiting directed fishing for species that comprise the shallow-water species... species catch (PSC) sideboard limit specified for the shallow-water species fishery for catcher/processors...

  10. System 800xA - a control system for the next generation of power plants; System 800xA - Das Leitsystem der naechsten Kraftwerksgeneration

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bruns, H. [ABB AG, Mannheim (Germany); Lauxtermann, S. [ABB AG, Minden (Germany)

    2006-07-01

    The system 800 x A developed by ABB is a power plant control system that is capable of combining the latest technologies in this field with best-practice solutions and integrating the I and C equipment already installed in a plant. System 800 x A offers plant owners a future-oriented integration platform for process control and sub-station control systems on the basis of the new IEC 61850 standard. Through optimised integration and networking of information in combination with direct and context-sensitive information access, decision-taking processes and the analysis of disturbances are speeded up considerably. Consistent data structures, ranging from field data to plant management data, and a simplified system configuration can reliably lower the system operating costs and increase operational reliability for a long time. This consistent technology can integrate turbine automation, unit automation, and all sorts of control functions and thus create single-source automation solutions that are highly harmonised and easy to handle. (orig.)

  11. Methods of etching a substrate

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cosmo, J.J.; Gambino, R.J.; Harper, J.M.E.

    1979-01-01

    The invention relates to a method of etching a substrate. The substrate is located opposite a target electrode in a vacuum chamber, and the surface of the target electrode is bombarded with energetic particles of atomic dimensions. The target electrode is an intermetallic composition (compound, alloy or finely divided homogeneous mixture) of two metals A and B such that upon bombardment the electrode emits negative ions of metal B which have sufficient energy to produce etching of the substrate. Many target materials are exemplified. Typically the metal A has an electronegativity XA and metal B has an electronegativity XB such that Xb - Xa is greater than about 2.55 electron volts, with the exception of combinations of metals having a fractional ionicity Q less than about 0.314. The source of the energetic particles may be an ionised gas in the vacuum chamber. The apparatus and its mode of operation are described in detail. (U.K.)

  12. Cysteine-dependent immune regulation by TRX and MIF/GIF family proteins.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kondo, Norihiko; Ishii, Yasuyuki; Son, Aoi; Sakakura-Nishiyama, Junko; Kwon, Yong-Won; Tanito, Masaki; Nishinaka, Yumiko; Matsuo, Yoshiyuki; Nakayama, Toshinori; Taniguchi, Masaru; Yodoi, Junji

    2004-03-29

    Thioredoxin (TRX) superfamily proteins that contain a conserved redox-active site -Cys-Xa.a.-Xa.a.-Cys- includes proinflammatory cytokine, macrophage migration inhibiting factor (MIF) and the immune regulatory cytokine, glycosylation inhibiting factor (GIF) in which Cys-60 is cysteinylated. In this report, we have analyzed the functional interaction between TRX and MIF/GIF. The stable Jurkat T cell line transfected with human TRX gene (TRX-transfectant) was highly resistant to hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis, but not the cell line transfected with vector (mock-transfectant). The expression level of MIF/GIF protein of TRX-transfectant was lower than that of mock-transfectant. Conversely, the expression level of intracellular TRX protein in CD4(+)-T cells derived from MIF -/- mice were significantly higher than that from background BALB/c mice. These findings collectively suggest that oxidative stress-induced apoptosis on T lymphocytes might be protected by the reciprocal regulation of TRX and MIF/GIF expression.

  13. Purification method for recombinant proteins based on a fusion between the target protein and the C-terminus of calmodulin

    Science.gov (United States)

    Schauer-Vukasinovic, Vesna; Deo, Sapna K.; Daunert, Sylvia

    2002-01-01

    Calmodulin (CaM) was used as an affinity tail to facilitate the purification of the green fluorescent protein (GFP), which was used as a model target protein. The protein GFP was fused to the C-terminus of CaM, and a factor Xa cleavage site was introduced between the two proteins. A CaM-GFP fusion protein was expressed in E. coli and purified on a phenothiazine-derivatized silica column. CaM binds to the phenothiazine on the column in a Ca(2+)-dependent fashion and it was, therefore, used as an affinity tail for the purification of GFP. The fusion protein bound to the affinity column was then subjected to a proteolytic digestion with factor Xa. Pure GFP was eluted with a Ca(2+)-containing buffer, while CaM was eluted later with a buffer containing the Ca(2+)-chelating agent EGTA. The purity of the isolated GFP was verified by SDS-PAGE, and the fluorescence properties of the purified GFP were characterized.

  14. Methods of etching a substrate

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cosmo, J J; Gambino, R J; Harper, J M.E.

    1979-05-16

    The invention relates to a method of etching a substrate. The substrate is located opposite a target electrode in a vacuum chamber, and the surface of the target electrode is bombarded with energetic particles of atomic dimensions. The target electrode is an intermetallic composition (compound, alloy or finely divided homogeneous mixture) of two metals A and B such that upon bombardment the electrode emits negative ions of metal B which have sufficient energy to produce etching of the substrate. Many target materials are exemplified. Typically the metal A has an electronegativity XA and metal B has an electronegativity XB such that Xb - Xa is greater than about 2.55 electron volts, with the exception of combinations of metals having a fractional ionicity Q less than about 0.314. The source of the energetic particles may be an ionised gas in the vacuum chamber. The apparatus and its mode of operation are described in detail.

  15. Low-molecular-weight heparins: pharmacologic profile and product differentiation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fareed, J; Jeske, W; Hoppensteadt, D; Clarizio, R; Walenga, J M

    1998-09-10

    The interchangeability of low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) has been the subject of discussion since these products were first introduced for the prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis. Experimental evidence now exists to show that LMWHs differ from each other in a number of characteristics. Products have been differentiated on the basis of molecular weight and biologic properties, but only limited information derived from the clinical setting is available. Potency has been described on the basis of anti-Factor Xa activity, but at equivalent anti-Xa activities, the anti-Factor IIa activity of different products shows marked variations. At the relatively small doses used for the management of postsurgical deep vein thrombosis, the effect of these interproduct differences may be relatively minor, but as LMWHs are developed for therapeutic use at much higher doses, such differences may become clinically important. Variations in safety and efficacy reported in clinical trials of LMWHs may reflect the known differences in their molecular composition and pharmacologic properties.

  16. Evaluation of the current practices of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) awareness training in the South African mining industry

    CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

    Edwards, AL

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available e of h ow w or ke rs a re e du ca te d on th e S pe ci fi c e xa m pl e E ffe ct s of n oi se o n he ar in g, p er m an en ce o f N IH L, u nd er st an di ng th e re su lts o f a nn ua l s ur ve ill an ce , u nd er st an di ng... h ow to h az ar d of n oi se to h ea rin g he al th . pr ot ec t h ea rin g. S ee a ns w er s to Q ue st io n 23 to o. 8 P le as e gi ve a n ex am pl e of h ow w or ke rs a re m ot iv at ed to S pe ci fi c e xa m pl...

  17. Isotopic orientational order in acetyl salicylic acid

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Schiebel, P.; Prandl, W.

    1999-01-01

    Complete text of publication follows. Isotopically mixed methyl groups CD x H 3-x with zero averaged deuteron/hydrogen scattering length 0 = = xa D + (3 - x)a H (a D = 0.667 x 10 -12 ; a H = -0.374 x 10 -12 ) are expected to be invisible in a neutron diffraction experiment. Indeed, in aspirin-CD x H 3-x with an experimentally determined = -0.03 x 10 -12 cm at room temperature only three very week minima have been found. At 10 K, however, one positive and two negative extrema are visible: unique evidence for orientational isotopic order. From a combination of 1-d-Fourier and algebraic methods has been deconvoluted and the orientational distribution function f(φ) has been derived which has three equivalent maxima/minima at 300 K and loses this 3φ periodicity at 10 K. f(φ) is the basis for the determination of the hindrance potential with cos(φ) as the leading term. (author)

  18. HÁBITOS Y PREFERENCIAS DE CONSUMO. CONSUMO EN ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS // CONSUMER HABITS AND PREFERENCES. CONSUMPTION IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS // HÁBITOS DE CONSUMO E PREFERÊNCIAS. CONSUMO EM ESTUDANTES UNIVERSITÁRIOS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Héctor Fabio Ríos Hernández

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available El artículo analiza el comportamiento de consumo en estudiantes universitarios. El fundamento conceptual es la teoría microeconómica del consumidor y elementos básicos de economía del comportamiento. Considerando la declaración sobre sus preferencias de consumo para doce grupos de bienes, se analiza la probabilidad de realizar un presupuesto mensual de gasto, teniendo en cuenta su rango de ingreso. Se concluye que el ingreso es factor fundamental en la elaboración de un presupuesto, teniendo en cuenta las preferencias por grupos de bienes. El grupo de bienes alimentos es muy importante para los estudiantes con ingreso hasta 2 millones, mientras que estudiantes con ingresos mayores presentan mayores preferencias por prendas de vestir, restaurantes y hoteles, y bienes y servicios diversos.

  19. Ciudades de madera. Patrimonio del sur, un bien reciclable

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Edward Rojas V.

    1994-05-01

    Full Text Available Hace algunos años reflexionaba en una de las páginas del número especial (N° 12 de la Revista Arquitecturas del Sur, dedicado a la ciudad de Castro, que la arquitectura así como la fotografía en la medida en que son registros concretos de la acción humana tienen la cualidad de atrapar con su materialidad ese preciso instante de la historia de la que son productos.

  20. La buena fe en la concurrencia sobre bienes inmuebles

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gastón Fernández Cruz

    1987-12-01

    Full Text Available El presente trabajo representa una apretada síntesis de la tesis titulada "El Papel de la buena fe en la transferencia de la Propiedad Inmueble". con la que el autor optó el grado de bachiller eb  Derecho en la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú en diciembre de 1984. Su pretensión no es otra que dejar claramente establecido el rol que representa la buena fe dentro de un sistema consensual de transferencia de la propiedad. cuando el derecho se enfrenta a una situación de excepción ante sucesivas transferencias.realizadas por un mismo sujeto.

  1. Se démarquer dans l’industrie du bien-être. Transnationalisme, innovation et indianité Standing out in the wellness industry. Transnationalism, innovation and indianness

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Laurent Pordié

    2011-11-01

    Full Text Available L’industrie du bien-être se caractérise à la fois par un fort potentiel d’innovation dans le domaine thérapeutique et par une prétention à l’ancienneté de ces nouvelles thérapies. Cet article propose d’analyser ce paradoxe en étudiant les logiques à l’œuvre dans la construction d’une marque identifiant et distinguant Mango Spa, une chaîne indienne de centres de soins et de remise en forme. Il s’intéresse aux sens et aux implications de l’innovation thérapeutique dans le cas d’une firme qui revendique l’authenticité de ses traitements tout en puisant dans des ressources d’influences multiples afin de s’adapter à une clientèle cosmopolite. Ces services et ces produits fondent leur légitimité sur la tradition ayurvédique, mais ils doivent toutefois la défier afin d’acquérir leur propre visibilité. C’est ainsi que Mango Spa se démarque de ses concurrents. De nouvelles thérapies « indiennes » sont créées en mobilisant clients internationaux, thérapeutes de cultures disparates et industriels établis hors de l’Inde. La marque est produite au travers d’un faisceau complexe de relations transnationales. En examinant les forces globales et le caractère multidimensionnel de la production d’une marque indienne, cet article renseigne plus généralement sur la circulation et la transformation des idées, des objets et des pratiques.The wellness industry is characterized by both a high innovation potential in the therapeutic field and a claim to the antiquity of these new therapies. This article aims to analyze this paradox by studying the logic at work in the construction of a brand identifying and distinguishing Mango Spa, an Indian chain of health and fitness centers. Particularly interesting are the meanings and implications of therapeutic innovation in the case of a firm claiming the authenticity of its treatments while drawing on multiples resources and influences to adapt them to a

  2. Argentine Foreign Trade (1935-1946): Behavior of imports in a context of international turbulence

    OpenAIRE

    Gómez, Teresita; Ruiz, Julio

    2017-01-01

    La estructura de la economía argentina, hasta la crisis de los años treinta, se había conformado de acuerdo a su inserción en el mercado internacional como exportador de bienes primarios alimentarios e importador de bienes energéticos y manufacturados. A partir de las modificaciones que se producen a nivel del comercio, especialmente la dificultad de las importaciones de bienes, se desarrolla la industrialización, orientada hacia la sustitución de importaciones. Nos interesa analizar la contr...

  3. Patrón tromboelastográfico en pacientes anticoagulados con rivaroxabán por fibrilación auricular

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Susana Pacheco Jaramillo

    2016-11-01

    Conclusión: El patrón tromboelastográfico obtenido en la mayoría de pacientes del estudio se caracterizó por un tiempo de reacción alto y un índice de coagulación bajo, posiblemente debido al efecto del inhibidor del factor Xa.

  4. Gas-phase infrared spectrum of the anionic GFP-chromophore

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Almasian, M.; Grzetic, J.; G. Berden,; Bakker, B.; Buma, W. J.; Oomens, J.

    2012-01-01

    The gas-phase IR spectrum of the anionic chromophore of the green fluorescent protein (p-hydroxy-benzylidene-2,3-dimethylimidazolidinone, HBDI) is recorded in the 800–1800&#xa0;cm−1 frequency range using the free electron laser FELIX in combination with an electrospray ionization (ESI) Fourier

  5. Ramjets and Ramrockets for Military Applications

    Science.gov (United States)

    1982-03-01

    or auni)from multiple platforms and other operational considerations e-posed in recent XA1(o/nf~ studies should not invalidate the above claim. of...thereby obviating the need for any evaporation time. To ascertain the degree of pre- wix , carbon dioxide (selected because of its denasity similarit7

  6. Simukunin from the Salivary Glands of the Black Fly Simulium vittatum Inhibits Enzymes That Regulate Clotting and Inflammatory Responses

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Tsujimoto, H.; Kotsyfakis, Michalis; Francischetti, I.M.B.; Eum, J. H.; Strand, M. R.; Champagne, D. E.

    2012-01-01

    Roč. 7, č. 2 (2012), e29964 E-ISSN 1932-6203 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z60220518 Keywords : Simulium vittatum * Kunitz-family protein * elastase * cathepsin G * Factor Xa * coagulation * inflammation * serine proteases * BPTI-like inhibitor * Simukunin Subject RIV: EC - Immunology Impact factor: 3.730, year: 2012

  7. 76 FR 58471 - Endangered Species; File No. 15634

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-09-21

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA714 Endangered..., [Responsible Party: Lisa Ballance, Ph.D.], has applied in due form for a permit to take leatherback sea turtles.... SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The subject permit is requested under the authority of the Endangered Species Act of...

  8. 77 FR 2513 - Draft Environmental Impact Statement for Effects of Oil and Gas Activities in the Arctic Ocean

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-01-18

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA934 Draft Environmental Impact Statement for Effects of Oil and Gas Activities in the Arctic Ocean AGENCY: National Marine... Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) for the Effects of Oil and Gas Activities in the Arctic Ocean.'' Based on...

  9. 77 FR 17460 - Multistakeholder Process To Develop Consumer Data Privacy Codes of Conduct

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-03-26

    ..., 2012, NTIA requested public comments on (1) which consumer data privacy issues should be the focus of.... 120214135-2203-02] RIN 0660-XA27 Multistakeholder Process To Develop Consumer Data Privacy Codes of Conduct... request for public comments on the multistakeholder process to develop consumer data privacy codes of...

  10. 76 FR 77781 - Endangered Species; File No. 15802

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-12-14

    .... SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The subject permit is requested under the authority of the Endangered Species Act of... exporting of endangered and threatened species (50 CFR 222-226). On July 28, 2011 (76 FR 45230), notice was... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA603 Endangered...

  11. 76 FR 48146 - Endangered Species; File No. 1551

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-08-08

    ... subject modification to Permit No. 1551- 02 is requested under the authority of the Endangered Species Act... exporting of endangered and threatened species (50 CFR 222-226). Permit No. 1551, issued on July 24, 2008... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA620 Endangered...

  12. 78 FR 38013 - Endangered Species; File No. 15661

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-06-25

    ... authority of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) and the regulations governing the taking, importing, and exporting of endangered and threatened species (50 CFR 222-226). Permit... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA425 Endangered...

  13. 76 FR 18725 - Endangered Species; File No. 16174

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-04-05

    ... the authority of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA; 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) and the regulations governing the taking, importing, and exporting of endangered and threatened species (50 CFR 222... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA348 Endangered...

  14. 76 FR 45781 - Endangered Species; File No. 15552

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-08-01

    ... Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA; 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) and the regulations governing the taking, importing, and exporting of endangered and threatened species (50 CFR parts 222-226). The five... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA601 Endangered...

  15. 76 FR 58471 - Endangered Species; File No. 16306

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-09-21

    ... requested under the authority of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA; 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA712 Endangered Species; File No. 16306 AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric...

  16. 75 FR 32372 - Information Privacy and Innovation in the Internet Economy

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-06-08

    .... 100402174-0238-02] RIN 0660-XA12 Information Privacy and Innovation in the Internet Economy AGENCY: National... Internet economy.\\1\\ In addition, the Department announced the formation of a Commerce-wide Internet Policy... Internet Economy, Launches Internet Policy Task Force, Department of Commerce Press Release (April 21, 2010...

  17. 76 FR 72643 - Western Pacific Pelagic Fisheries; Closure of the Hawaii Shallow-Set Pelagic Longline Fishery Due...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-11-25

    .... 080225267-91393-03] RIN 0648-XA370 Western Pacific Pelagic Fisheries; Closure of the Hawaii Shallow- Set...: Temporary rule; fishery closure. SUMMARY: NMFS closes the shallow-set pelagic longline fishery north of the Equator for all vessels registered under the Hawaii longline limited access program. The shallow-set...

  18. 76 FR 57679 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Shallow-Water Species by Vessels Using Trawl...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-09-16

    .... 101126522-0640-02] RIN 0648-XA704 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Shallow- Water... closure. SUMMARY: NMFS is opening directed fishing for shallow-water species by vessels using trawl gear... apportionment of the 2011 Pacific halibut bycatch allowance specified for the trawl shallow-water species...

  19. Suma Qamaña, vivir bien, el Ethos de la nueva constitución boliviana (Suma Qamaña, Living Well, the Ethos of the new Bolivian constitution

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernández, Hugo

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available Resumen: Este artículo expone algunos antecedentes que explican por qué se ha introducido la expresión Vivir Bien (Suma Qamaña y sus variantes en el texto constitucional recientemente aprobado en Bolivia. Entre ellos menciona los sorprendentes resultados electorales obtenidos por Evo Morales, que se sustentan en la emergencia y consolidación del pensamiento indígena, en la clara voluntad de adquirir poder político por parte de las organizaciones indígenas y en la necesidad de cambiar el ordenamiento jurídico existente, empezando por la Constitución. Identifica igualmente algunos elementos que caracterizan la resistencia a estos esfuerzos en el ámbito de las tierras bajas. A la pregunta de por qué era necesario cambiar la Constitución, responde que la anterior pretendía la integración de los indígenas despojándoles de su identidad. Por el contrario, la actual se caracteriza por una marcada impronta indígena al tratar los principios, valores y fines del Estado. Es allí donde aparece la expresión Suma Qamaña y otras equivalentes en otras tantas lenguas indígenas, que es necesario leer como el Ethos que inspira a la nueva Constitución y que debe guiar en la construcción del nuevo Estado.Abstract: This article presents some background explaining why the term Living Well (Suma Qamaña and it variants has been introduced in the recently approved Constitution in Bolivia. This includes surprising election results obtained by Evo Morales, which are based on the emergence and consolidation of indigenous thought, the intention of acquiring political power by indigenous organizations and the need to change the existing legal order, starting by the Constitution. Some factors of the resistance to these efforts in the area of the lowlands are also identified. The previous Constitution wanted the integration of the indigenous identity. On the contrary, the current Constitution takes the indigenous thought to discuss the principles, values

  20. The role of autolysis loop in determining the specificity of coagulation proteases.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yang, L; Manithody, C; Rezaie, A R

    2007-08-01

    We recently demonstrated that the substitution of the autolysis loop (residues 143 to 154 in the chymotrypsin numbering system) of activated protein C (APC) with the corresponding loop of factor Xa (fXa) renders the APC mutant (APC/fX143-154) susceptible to inhibition by antithrombin (AT) in the presence of pentasaccharide. Our recent results further indicated, that in addition to an improvement in the reactivity of APC/fX143-154 with AT, both the amidolytic and anti-factor Va activities of the mutant APC have also been significantly increased. Since the autolysis loop of APC is five residues longer than the autolysis loop of fXa, it could not be ascertained whether this loop in the mutant APC specifically interacts with the activated conformation of AT or if a shorter autolysis loop is responsible for a global improvement in the catalytic activity of the mutant protease. To answer this question, we prepared another APC mutant in which the autolysis loop of the protease was replaced with the corresponding loop of trypsin (APC/Tryp143-154). Unlike an approximately 500-fold improvement in the reactivity of APC/fX143-154 with AT in the presence of pentasaccharide, the reactivity of APC/Tryp143-154 with the serpin was improved approximately 10-fold. These results suggest that both the length and structure of residues of the autolysis loop are critical for the specificity of the coagulation protease interaction with AT. Further factor Va inactivation studies with the APC mutants revealed a similar role for the autolysis loop of APC in the interaction with its natural substrate.

  1. The role of autolysis loop in determining the specificity of coagulation proteases

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    L. Yang

    2007-08-01

    Full Text Available We recently demonstrated that the substitution of the autolysis loop (residues 143 to 154 in the chymotrypsin numbering system of activated protein C (APC with the corresponding loop of factor Xa (fXa renders the APC mutant (APC/fX143-154 susceptible to inhibition by antithrombin (AT in the presence of pentasaccharide. Our recent results further indicated, that in addition to an improvement in the reactivity of APC/fX143-154 with AT, both the amidolytic and anti-factor Va activities of the mutant APC have also been significantly increased. Since the autolysis loop of APC is five residues longer than the autolysis loop of fXa, it could not be ascertained whether this loop in the mutant APC specifically interacts with the activated conformation of AT or if a shorter autolysis loop is responsible for a global improvement in the catalytic activity of the mutant protease. To answer this question, we prepared another APC mutant in which the autolysis loop of the protease was replaced with the corresponding loop of trypsin (APC/Tryp143-154. Unlike an ~500-fold improvement in the reactivity of APC/fX143-154 with AT in the presence of pentasaccharide, the reactivity of APC/Tryp143-154 with the serpin was improved ~10-fold. These results suggest that both the length and structure of residues of the autolysis loop are critical for the specificity of the coagulation protease interaction with AT. Further factor Va inactivation studies with the APC mutants revealed a similar role for the autolysis loop of APC in the interaction with its natural substrate.

  2. Karakterisasi Morfometrik dan Jarak Genetik Rumpun-Rumpun Kelinci di Jawa Barat (MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION AND GENETIC DISTANCE OF RABBIT BREEDS IN WEST JAVA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rudi Dedi Iskandar

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available The objectives of this study were to assess morphometric characteristics, breeds relationship andvariables that distinguished among breeds of rabbits raised in West Java. This research used 419 rabbitsconsisted of Angora (AG, Dutch (DT, Flemish Giant (FG, Lop (LP, Netherland Dwarf (ND, Composite(PX, Rex (RX, Satin (ST, Reza (XA and New Zealand White (ZW. Head length (PK, head width (LK, earlength (PTL, ear width (LTL, chest width (LD, chest depth (DD, chest circumference (LKD, body length(PB , hips width (LP, length of the scapula bone (PS, humerus length (PH, radius-ulna length (PRU,femur length (PF and tibia length (PT were observed. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance,discriminant and canonical analysis using SAS program ver. 9.1.3 and MEGA5 program to get theconstruction of phenogram tree. FG and ST rabbits were generally larger in size and shape than the otherrabbits breeds, while ND rabbit had the smallest morphological size than other rabbits breeds, except forLK, LD and DD. Results of discriminant analysis showed that LP, RX, ND and XA had a high similarityvalue, otherwise DT, FG, ST, PX, AG and ZW had no the value. The closest genetic distance matrix valueindicated by PX-ZW breeds (1,53 and the farthest genetic distance indicated by FG-ND breeds (6,62.Phenogram tree construction showed that the breeds rabbits divided into five clusters, namely cluster ND,DT; ST clusters; FG cluster; cluster LP, PX, ZW and cluster AG, XA, RX. Phenotypic size that had stronginfluence on the differentiation of rabbit breeds were PTL, LTL, PRU, PH and PF on the canonical 1 alsoPT and PS on canonical 2.

  3. Histones Differentially Modulate the Anticoagulant and Profibrinolytic Activities of Heparin, Heparin Derivatives, and Dabigatran.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ammollo, Concetta Tiziana; Semeraro, Nicola; Carratù, Maria Rosaria; Colucci, Mario; Semeraro, Fabrizio

    2016-02-01

    The antithrombin activity of unfractionated heparin (UFH) is offset by extracellular histones, which, along with DNA, represent a novel mediator of thrombosis and a structural component of thrombi. Here, we systematically evaluated the effect of histones, DNA, and histone-DNA complexes on the anticoagulant and profibrinolytic activities of UFH, its derivatives enoxaparin and fondaparinux, and the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran. Thrombin generation was assessed by calibrated automated thrombinography, inhibition of factor Xa and thrombin by synthetic substrates, tissue plasminogen activator-mediated clot lysis by turbidimetry, and thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) activation by a functional assay. Histones alone delayed coagulation and slightly stimulated fibrinolysis. The anticoagulant activity of UFH and enoxaparin was markedly inhibited by histones, whereas that of fondaparinux was enhanced. Histones neutralized both the anti-Xa and anti-IIa activities of UFH and preferentially blocked the anti-IIa activity of enoxaparin. The anti-Xa activity of fondaparinux was not influenced by histones when analyzed by chromogenic substrates, but was potentiated in a plasma prothrombinase assay. Histones inhibited the profibrinolytic activity of UFH and enoxaparin and enhanced that of fondaparinux by acting on the modulation of TAFI activation by anticoagulants. Histone H1 was mainly responsible for these effects. Histone-DNA complexes, as well as intact neutrophil extracellular traps, impaired the activities of UFH, enoxaparin, and fondaparinux. Dabigatran was not noticeably affected by histones and/or DNA, whatever the assay performed. In conclusion, histones and DNA present in the forming clot may variably influence the antithrombotic activities of anticoagulants, suggesting a potential therapeutic advantage of dabigatran and fondaparinux over heparins. Copyright © 2016 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.

  4. Determinación numérica con hoja de cálculo del área de influencia de empresas comerciales diametrialmente enfrentadas en un espacio periurbano circular

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernando Javier Díaz Martínez

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available Dos empresas comerciales están situadas en la periferia de una ciudad. Las ciudades suelen presentar un perímetro amorfo en torno al centro histórico; sin embargo, para simplificar los cálculos, en este estudio consideramos a ambas empresas ubicadas en los extremos del diámetro de un espacio periurbano circular. Estimamos que el gasto realizado por un consumidor, al adquirir un bien en una empresa comercial, es la suma del precio de dicho bien adquirido más el coste de transporte del consumidor desde su domicilio hasta el establecimiento y viceversa. Dicho coste de transporte se calculará en base a la distancia en línea recta entre el domicilio del consumidor y la empresa comercial, siendo el coste de transporte por unidad de longitud recorrida constante. Bajo estos supuestos, el trabajo se centra en calcular numéricamente, para un determinado bien, con ayuda de la hoja de cálculo, cuál es el área de influencia de cada empresa comercial, en función de la diferencia entre los precios de dicho bien en ambos establecimientos, entendiendo por área de influencia de una empresa para un bien, el lugar geométrico de todos los puntos de la ciudad en los que, al ser menor el gasto, un consumidor opta por dicha empresa para adquirir el bien.

  5. Vides y vinos de la antigua Grecia

    OpenAIRE

    Morala Fernández, Salustiano

    2017-01-01

    Introducción. Es suficientemente conocida hoy la importancia que llegó a adquirir el vino y su consumo en la vida cotidiana, social, económica y religiosa de la antigua Grecia. De ello tenemos cumplidas muestras en las fuentes escritas, de cualquiera de sus épocas, que han llegado hasta nosotros, bien sean fuentes puramente literarias, bien sean escritos médicos o agronómicos, o bien se trate de papiros o inscripciones. Pero también los descubrimientos arqueológicos (vasos, principalmente de ...

  6. 78 FR 20317 - Application for Final Commitment for a Long-Term Loan or Financial Guarantee in Excess of $100...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-04-04

    ... supplying information that competitors could use to compete with companies in the United States. DATES... or Financial Guarantee in Excess of $100 Million: AP087223XX and AP087223XA AGENCY: Export-Import...''), that Ex-Im Bank has received an application for final commitment for a long-term loan or financial...

  7. 76 FR 56167 - Marine Mammals; Pinniped Removal Authority

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-09-12

    ... problem interactions. See http://www.nwr.noaa.gov/Marine-Mammals/Seals-and-Sea-Lions/Sec-120-Authority.cfm... to the pinniped predation problem at Bonneville Dam and is not a na[iuml]ve animal that can be driven... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA681 Marine...

  8. 75 FR 70714 - Global Free Flow of Information on the Internet

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-11-18

    .... 100921457-0561-02] RIN 0660-XA20 Global Free Flow of Information on the Internet AGENCY: National... of comment period. SUMMARY: The Department of Commerce's Internet Policy Task Force announces that... on the global free flow of information on the Internet has been reopened and will extend until 5 p.m...

  9. 76 FR 77780 - Endangered Species; File No. 10022

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-12-14

    ... been granted under the authority of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA; 16 U.S.C. 1531... endangered or threatened species, and (3) is consistent with the purposes and policies set forth in section 2... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA867 Endangered...

  10. The Dramaturgy of Fact: The Testament of History in Two Anti-War Plays.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shafer, George

    1978-01-01

    The dramaturgical dimensions of the "theater of fact" as found in two anti-war plays, "Discourse on Viet Nam" by Peter Weiss and "Xa: A Vietnam Primer" by the ProVisional Theatre are examined. In these plays the author finds that Vietnamese history becomes rhetorical testament in arguments against United States…

  11. Computation of the modified Bessel function of the third kind of imaginary orders: uniform Airy-type asymptotic expansion

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    A. Gil (Amparo); J. Segura (Javier); N.M. Temme (Nico)

    2002-01-01

    textabstractThe use of a uniform Airy-type asymptotic expansion for the computation of the modified Bessel functions of the third kind of imaginary orders ($K_{ia}(x)$) near the transition point $x=a$, is discussed. In [2], an algorithm for the evaluation of $K_{ia}(x)$ was presented, which made use

  12. 76 FR 55276 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Octopus in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-09-07

    .... 101126521-0640-02] RIN 0648-XA683 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Octopus in the Bering... retention of octopus in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands (BSAI). This action is necessary because the 2011 total allowable catch of octopus in the BSAI has been reached. DATES: Effective 1200 hrs, Alaska...

  13. Reflection and Non-Reflection of Particle Wavepackets

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cox, Timothy; Lekner, John

    2008-01-01

    Exact closed-form solutions of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation are obtained, describing the propagation of wavepackets in the neighbourhood of a potential. Examples given include zero reflection, total reflection and partial reflection of the wavepacket, for the sech[superscript 2]x/a, 1/x[superscript 2] and delta(x) potentials,…

  14. 76 FR 66042 - Endangered Species; File No. 1551

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-10-25

    ... granted under the authority of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA; 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq... endangered or threatened species, and (3) is consistent with the purposes and policies set forth in section 2... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XA785 Endangered...

  15. 76 FR 59924 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Sharks in the Bering Sea and Aleutian...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-09-28

    .... 101126521-0640-2] RIN 0648-XA733 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Sharks in the Bering... prohibiting retention of sharks in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands management area (BSAI). This action is necessary because the 2011 total allowable catch (TAC) of sharks in the BSAI has been reached. DATES...

  16. LES PAYS EN TRANSITION

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    Cathy Egan

    Cette définition englobe les transformations bien connues .... soutenus à tout le moins par un directeur régional, un directeur de programme au siège et le ... Innover, aussi bien sur le plan de la conception des programmes que sur celui.

  17. Justicia y derechos humanos

    OpenAIRE

    Joel Flores Rentería

    2011-01-01

    Las libertades básicas y los bienes que contemplan los derechos humanos constituyen los principios de la justicia social y política en los Estados modernos, estos bienes son producto de la evolución histórica, política, cultural y filosófica de la modernidad. Por tal motivo, llevan en sí una conceptualización de lo que es y debe ser la existencia humana; en consecuencia, lo justo sería que toda persona, en una sociedad, se encuentre en posesión de dichos bienes y libertades.

  18. Las mercancías falsas jurídico-penal de Políticas de Drogas : Una aproximación crítica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Érika Mendes de Carvalho

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available El presente estudio realiza una aproximación crítica a las incriminaciones presentes en la Ley 11.343/2006 a partir de la perspectiva de la teoría del bien jurídico para, em primer lugar, demonstrar que – desde el punto de vista de la tutela de bienes individuales – no respetan al principio de la autonomía y expresan la opción del legislador por un inadmisible paternalismo penal. Por otra parte, desde el punto de vista de la protección de un (aparente bien jurídico colectivo, opera la desconstrucción de aquellos comúnmente apuntados como legitimadores de la intervención penal – salud pública, seguridad pública, paz pública -, sea porque no poseen ninguna realidad existencial, sea porque representan la suma de bienes jurídicos individuales. Se desnuda, además, la racionalidad oculta por detrás de la irracional protección conferida a falsos bienes jurídicos, a saber, la mera preservación de la vigencia de las normas penales incriminadoras, totalmente disociadas de la realidad concreta y forjadas para la afirmación de un punitivismo doloroso y sin límites.

  19. The marble quarries of Macael. From “free and communal” to council property; Las canteras de mármol de Macael. De “libres y comunes a todos” a bienes municipales

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Carretero Gómez, A.; Aznar Sánchez, J.A.

    2017-09-01

    The fate of the inhabitants of Macael has been closely linked to the production of marble from time immemorial. The scope of these resources transcended local borders during the latter part of last century; thus, in the last few years, the marble extracted from the surroundings of Macael accounted for over 40% of the national production, with Spain being one of the leading world producers of this ornamental rock. This paper analyzes the changes that have taken place in the quarry access system since 1573, when the town of Macael was surveyed, up to the present time. After many historical changes in which the people of Macael have had to fight for ownership of the quarries, both against private interests and public administration, the assets which were communal, and therefore freely accessible to the locals, became the property of the Local Council, which at present also holds the exploitation concession of the marble resources and the power to grant leases to entrepreneurs wishing to extract this mineral. [Spanish] La suerte de los habitantes de Macael ha estado unida al mármol desde tiempo inmemorial. El alcance del recurso desborda las fronteras locales: durante los últimos años del pasado siglo en el entorno de Macael se extraía más del 40% del mármol nacional, siendo España uno de los líderes mundiales del mercado de esta piedra ornamental. Este artículo analiza los cambios que se han producido en el sistema de acceso a las canteras desde 1573, año en el que se realizó el apeo de la villa de Macael, hasta la actualidad. Tras no pocas vicisitudes, en las que el pueblo de Macael ha tenido que defender la propiedad sobre las canteras, tanto frente a intereses particulares como de la administración pública, los bienes que eran comunales, y por ello de libre acceso para los lugareños, pasaron a ser propiedad del Ayuntamiento, que en la actualidad es también titular de la concesión de explotación del mármol, y la arrienda a los empresarios que

  20. Criteria for feasibility, health and welfare assessment of requirement to use second and subsequent generations of non-human primates or animals from self-sustaining colonies in research Critères d’évaluation de la faisabilité, de l’incidence sanitaire et des répercussions sur le bien-être animal, relatifs à l'obligation future d'utiliser des primates non humains issus uniquement des animaux de deuxième génération et plus ou des animaux provenant de colonies d'élevage auto-entretenues pour la recherche expérimentale

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    David Smith

    2011-10-01

    Full Text Available The European Directive 2010/63/EU on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes requires that a feasibility study must be conducted by the European Commission to determine if all sourcing of non-human primates from parents bred in captivity (F2 or from self-sustaining colonies can be achieved. This study should also include an assessment of animal health and welfare. Prior to the initiation of the European Commission’s study, it was considered by EFPIA and FELASA that the criteria to be used in the feasibility, health and welfare assessment should be established by experts to help expedite such a study. This paper identifies those criteria which may be useful in making policy decisions on the confirmation or reconsideration of the timetable for implementation of the F2 requirement. A key requirement before a number of criteria can be assessed is the generation of base-line data relating to the supply and future demand of non-human primates and the health and welfare status of current breeding colonies supplying the European market. Three groups of criteria have been indentified, namely feasibility, science and research and welfare. Within each group, a number of parameters are defined and their rationale for inclusion, together with suggested information points, is discussed.La directive européenne 2010/63/EU sur la protection des animaux utilisés à des fins scientifiques exige qu'une étude de faisabilité soit conduite par la Commission européenne afin de déterminer si l’approvisionnement en primates non-humains à partir de géniteurs élevés en captivité (F2 ou de colonies d'élevage autosuffisantes, peut être possible. Cette étude devra également inclure une évaluation de la santé des animaux et de leur bien-être. Avant le début de cette étude par la Commission européenne, l'EFPIA et FELASA ont estimé que les critères à utiliser pour les évaluations de la faisabilité, de la santé des animaux et du bien

  1. Social Theories of Urban Violence in the Global South | CRDI ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    Bien que les villes soient dans bien des cas un moteur de croissance pour les pays en développement, elles sont autant des lieux où l'on constate une augmentation de la violence, de la pauvreté et de l'inégalité.

  2. Phenotyping of VIGS-mediated gene silencing in rice using a vector derived from a DNA virus.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kant, Ravi; Dasgupta, Indranil

    2017-07-01

    Target genes in rice can be optimally silenced if inserted in antisense or hairpin orientation in the RTBV-derived VIGS vector and plants grown at 28 °C and 80% humidity after inoculation. Virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a method used to transiently silence genes in dicot as well as monocot plants. For the important monocot species rice, the Rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV)-derived VIGS system (RTBV-VIGS), which uses agroinoculation to initiate silencing, has not been standardized for optimal use. Here, using RTBV-VIGS, three sets of conditions were tested to achieve optimal silencing of the rice marker gene phytoene desaturase (pds). The effect of orientation of the insert in the RTBV-VIGS plasmid (sense, antisense and hairpin) on the silencing of the target gene was then evaluated using rice magnesium chelatase subunit H (chlH). Finally, the rice Xa21 gene, conferring resistance against bacterial leaf blight disease (BLB) was silenced using RTBV-VIGS system. In each case, real-time PCR-based assessment indicated approximately 40-80% fall in the accumulation levels of the transcripts of pds, chlH and Xa21. In the case of pds, the appearance of white streaks in the emerging leaves, and for chlH, chlorophyll levels and F v /F m ratio were assessed as phenotypes for silencing. For Xa21, the resistance levels to BLB were assessed by measuring the lesion length and the percent diseased areas of leaves, following challenge inoculation with Xanthomonas oryzae. In each case, the RTBV-MVIGS system gave rise to a discernible phenotype indicating the silencing of the respective target gene using condition III (temperature 28 °C, humidity 80% and 1 mM MES and 20 µM acetosyringone in secondary agrobacterium culture), which revealed the robustness of this gene silencing system for rice.

  3. New oral anticoagulants: their advantages and disadvantages compared with vitamin K antagonists in the prevention and treatment of patients with thromboembolic events.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mekaj, Ymer H; Mekaj, Agon Y; Duci, Shkelzen B; Miftari, Ermira I

    2015-01-01

    Despite the discovery and application of many parenteral (unfractionated and low-molecular-weight heparins) and oral anticoagulant vitamin K antagonist (VKA) drugs, the prevention and treatment of venous and arterial thrombotic phenomena remain major medical challenges. Furthermore, VKAs are the only oral anticoagulants used during the past 60 years. The main objective of this study is to present recent data on non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) and to analyze their advantages and disadvantages compared with those of VKAs based on a large number of recent studies. NOACs are novel direct-acting medications that are selective for one specific coagulation factor, either thrombin (IIa) or activated factor X (Xa). Several NOACs, such as dabigatran (a direct inhibitor of FIIa) and rivaroxaban, apixaban and edoxaban (direct inhibitors of factor Xa), have been used for at least 5 years but possibly 10 years. Unlike traditional VKAs, which prevent the coagulation process by suppressing the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent factors, NOACs directly inhibit key proteases (factors IIa and Xa). The important indications of these drugs are the prevention and treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolisms, and the prevention of atherothrombotic events in the heart and brain of patients with acute coronary syndrome and atrial fibrillation. They are not fixed, and dose-various strengths are available. Most studies have reported that more advantages than disadvantages for NOACs when compared with VKAs, with the most important advantages of NOACs including safety issues (ie, a lower incidence of major bleeding), convenience of use, minor drug and food interactions, a wide therapeutic window, and no need for laboratory monitoring. Nonetheless, there are some conditions for which VKAs remain the drug of choice. Based on the available data, we can conclude that NOACs have greater advantages and fewer disadvantages compared with VKAs. New studies are required

  4. In vitro anticoagulation monitoring of low-molecular-weight heparin

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    WANG Jian-qi; SHI Xu-bo; YANG Jin-gang; HU Da-yi

    2009-01-01

    Background Although low-molecular-weight heparin has replaced unfractionated heparin to become the primary anticoagulation drug for treatment of acute coronary syndrome, there is no convenient bedside monitoring method. We explored the best laboratory monitoring method of low-molecular-weight heparins (enoxapadn, dalteparin, and nadroparin) by use of the Sonoclot coagulation analyzer to monitor the activated clotting time.Methods Atotal of 20 healthy volunteers were selected and 15 ml of fasting venous blood samples were collected and incubated. Four coagulants, kaolin, diatomite, glass bead, and magnetic stick, were used to determine the activated clotting time of the low-molecular-weight heparins at different in vitro anti-Xa factor concentrations. A correlation analysis was made to obtain the regression equation. The activated clotting time of the different low-molecular-weight heparins with the same anti-Xa factor concentration was monitored when the coagulant glass beads were applied. Results The activated clotting time measured using the glass beads, diatomite, kaolin, and magnetic stick showed a linear correlation with the concentration of nadroparin (r= 0.964, 0.966, 0.970, and 0.947, respectively). The regression equation showed that the linear slopes of different coagulants were significantly different (glass beads 230.03 s/IU,diatomite 89.91 s/IU, kaolin 50.87 s/IU, magnetic stick could not be calculated). When the concentration of the anti-Xa factor was the same for different low-molecular-weight heparins, the measured activated clotting time was different after the application of the glass bead coagulant.Conclusions The glass bead coagulant is most feasible for monitoring the in vitro anticoagulation activity of nadroparin.The different effects of different low-molecular-weight heparins on the activated clotting time may be related to the different anti-Ila activities.

  5. SU-E-I-10: Automatic Monitoring of Accumulated Dose Indices From DICOM RDSR to Improve Radiation Safety in X-Ray Angiography

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Omar, A; Bujila, R; Nowik, P; Karambatsakidou, A

    2014-01-01

    Purpose: To investigate the potential benefits of automatic monitoring of accumulated patient and staff dose indicators, i.e., CAK and KAP, from DICOM Radiation Dose Structured Reports (RDSR) in x-ray angiography (XA). Methods: Recently RDSR has enabled the convenient aggregation of dose indices and technique parameters for XA procedures. The information contained in RDSR objects for three XA systems, dedicated to different types of clinical procedures, has been collected and aggregated in a database for over one year using a system developed with open-source software at the Karolinska University Hospital. Patient weight was complemented to the RDSR data via an interface with the Hospital Information System (HIS). Results: The linearly approximated trend in KAP over a time period of a year for cerebrovascular, pelvic/peripheral vascular, and cardiovascular procedures showed a decrease of 12%, 20%, and 14%, respectively. The decrease was mainly due to hardware/software upgrades and new low-dose imaging protocols, and partially due to ongoing systematic radiation safety education of the clinical staff. The CAK was in excess of 3 Gy for 15 procedures, and exceeded 5 Gy for 3 procedures. The dose indices have also shown a significant dependence on patient weight for cardiovascular and pelvic/peripheral vascular procedures; a 10 kg shift in mean patient weight can result in a dose index increase of 25%. Conclusion: Automatic monitoring of accumulated dose indices can be utilized to notify the clinical staff and medical physicists when the dose index has exceeded a predetermined action level. This allows for convenient and systematic follow-up of patients in risk of developing deterministic skin injuries. Furthermore, trend analyses of dose indices over time is a valuable resource for the identification of potential positive or negative effects (dose increase/decrease) from changes in hardware, software, and clinical work habits

  6. SU-E-I-10: Automatic Monitoring of Accumulated Dose Indices From DICOM RDSR to Improve Radiation Safety in X-Ray Angiography

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Omar, A; Bujila, R; Nowik, P; Karambatsakidou, A [Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm (Sweden)

    2014-06-01

    Purpose: To investigate the potential benefits of automatic monitoring of accumulated patient and staff dose indicators, i.e., CAK and KAP, from DICOM Radiation Dose Structured Reports (RDSR) in x-ray angiography (XA). Methods: Recently RDSR has enabled the convenient aggregation of dose indices and technique parameters for XA procedures. The information contained in RDSR objects for three XA systems, dedicated to different types of clinical procedures, has been collected and aggregated in a database for over one year using a system developed with open-source software at the Karolinska University Hospital. Patient weight was complemented to the RDSR data via an interface with the Hospital Information System (HIS). Results: The linearly approximated trend in KAP over a time period of a year for cerebrovascular, pelvic/peripheral vascular, and cardiovascular procedures showed a decrease of 12%, 20%, and 14%, respectively. The decrease was mainly due to hardware/software upgrades and new low-dose imaging protocols, and partially due to ongoing systematic radiation safety education of the clinical staff. The CAK was in excess of 3 Gy for 15 procedures, and exceeded 5 Gy for 3 procedures. The dose indices have also shown a significant dependence on patient weight for cardiovascular and pelvic/peripheral vascular procedures; a 10 kg shift in mean patient weight can result in a dose index increase of 25%. Conclusion: Automatic monitoring of accumulated dose indices can be utilized to notify the clinical staff and medical physicists when the dose index has exceeded a predetermined action level. This allows for convenient and systematic follow-up of patients in risk of developing deterministic skin injuries. Furthermore, trend analyses of dose indices over time is a valuable resource for the identification of potential positive or negative effects (dose increase/decrease) from changes in hardware, software, and clinical work habits.

  7. Federal Health Care Center: VA and DOD Need to Address Ongoing Difficulties and Better Prepare for Future Integrations

    Science.gov (United States)

    2016-02-01

    related documentation, performing data reliability checks (such as examining the data for missing values), and interviewing FHCC officials. After taking...and personnel Staffing, training, and the transfer of DOD civilian personnel to VA Xa Property Construction, transfer of property, and physical ...29For example, geriatric and mental health clinical areas were initially grouped with other

  8. Modelling knowledge creation, investment decisions and economic growth in a spatial CGE setting

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francesco Di Comite

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available La creación del conocimiento es habitualmente entendida como un vector clave de crecimiento económico. Mientras que la producción de conocimiento y el crecimiento económico han sido estudiados extensamente por separado, pocos estudios han intentado formalizar el mecanismo conectando los dos elementos desde la perspectiva de un modelo de equilibrio general espacial. Para rellenar este vacío, proponemos un modelo de creación de conocimiento aprovechando el modelo CGE multirregional RHOMOLO para la producción endógena de conocimientos y decisiones de inversión a nivel regional. El proceso de innovación se modeliza teniendo en cuenta la interacción entre investigadores, inversores y productores de bienes de consumo. Más en detalle, los investigadores en cada región usan su capital humano junto a activos que incorporan I+D y bienes intermedios para la producción de nuevas ideas, las cuales son mejoradas por la transferencia de conocimientos desde otras regiones. En la siguiente etapa, estas ideas son adquiridas por inversores locales y se combinan en el proceso de generar nuevos activos que incorporan I+D junto al capital humano y bienes intermedios, así aumentando el stock existente después de haber reemplazado la parte obsoleta. Por último, después del pago de los costes fijos de entrada, empresas regionales producen tanto bienes intermedios como bienes de consumo, alquilando capital humano y activos que incorporan I+D, combinándolos junto con un conjunto interregional de bienes intermedios en el proceso de producción, donde la disponibilidad de bienes y servicios públicos influye en su productividad. El modelo ha sido diseñado para ser calibrado con las versiones regionalizadas de matrices de contabilidad social, como son las que se pueden obtener de la base de datos World Input Output.

  9. Human active X-specific DNA methylation events showing stability across time and tissues

    Science.gov (United States)

    Joo, Jihoon Eric; Novakovic, Boris; Cruickshank, Mark; Doyle, Lex W; Craig, Jeffrey M; Saffery, Richard

    2014-01-01

    The phenomenon of X chromosome inactivation in female mammals is well characterised and remains the archetypal example of dosage compensation via monoallelic expression. The temporal series of events that culminates in inactive X-specific gene silencing by DNA methylation has revealed a ‘patchwork' of gene inactivation along the chromosome, with approximately 15% of genes escaping. Such genes are therefore potentially subject to sex-specific imbalance between males and females. Aside from XIST, the non-coding RNA on the X chromosome destined to be inactivated, very little is known about the extent of loci that may be selectively silenced on the active X chromosome (Xa). Using longitudinal array-based DNA methylation profiling of two human tissues, we have identified specific and widespread active X-specific DNA methylation showing stability over time and across tissues of disparate origin. Our panel of X-chromosome loci subject to methylation on Xa reflects a potentially novel mechanism for controlling female-specific X inactivation and sex-specific dimorphisms in humans. Further work is needed to investigate these phenomena. PMID:24713664

  10. Use of membrane technology and resins for the separation and purification of polyphenols purple tree tomato (Solanum betaceum Cav

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elena Beltrán

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available The polyphenols fractionation of mesocarp juices, placenta and purple tree tomato peel using the pore size of the membrane as a means of selection was performed using micro and ultrafiltration tangential; tests made with HPLC showed that fractionation of phenolic compounds was not performed. The processes of concentration of the clarified juices of placenta and tree tomato peel by reverse osmosis obtained a volumetric concentration factor of 2 and 2.2 respectively. The polyphenol concentration increased by 1.5 times for placenta and 2.4 times for peel and antioxidant capacity increased by 2.4 times for both juices. The anthocyanins of placenta increased by 2.6 times. The use of the resin XA 5071 FG concentrated phenolic compounds with an increase of antioxidant capacity in a range between 4 and 5.5, and anthocyanins concentration was increased 1.8 times in the placenta juice. In conclusion the process of polyphenols concentration of tree tomato was more efficient using the resin XA 5071 FG than the reverse osmosis applied in this research.

  11. Resolution of the crystal structure of the deficient perovskite LaNiO2.5 from neutron powder diffraction data

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Alonso, J.A.; Martinez-Lope, M.J.

    1996-01-01

    The oxygen-deficient perovskite LaNiO 2.5 has been prepared by controlled reduction of LaNiO 3 with Zr metal. The XRD pattern could be indexed in a monoclinic unit-cell with dimensions a 0 xa 0 xa 0 (a 0 : lattice parameter of the ideal cubic perovskite). The indexing of the neutron powder diffraction pattern needed a doubled cell to account for the superstructure reflections originated by the oxygen vacancy ordering and the tilting of the Ni coordination polyhedra. The structure was solved and refined from the neutron powder data. The oxygen vacancies are ordered in such a way that square planar NiO 4 and NiO 6 octahedra alternate in the ab plane along the [110] direction. Both kinds of Ni polyhedra are fairly distorted and tilted in order to optimize the La-O distances, giving rise to a highly strained structure of metastable character. In fact, the compound readily takes oxygen, above 175 C in air, to give the much more stable LaNiO 3 perovskite. (orig.)

  12. Comunicación pública: repensar la comunicación para la democracia

    OpenAIRE

    Botero Montoya, Luis Horacio; Galvis Ortiz, Carlos Alberto

    2011-01-01

    Hablar de comunicación pública denota redundancia, dado que el concepto comunicación es un bien público, de interés general, abierto e integrador de la sociedad. Diversos elementos han fracturado el papel que la comunicación tiene como bien público...

  13. Lineamientos sobre la antijuridicidad en los delitos contra la colectividad e imputación objetiva

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Guillermo Castro Cuenca

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo, realizado como parte del programa de derecho penal en la Universidad de Salamanca, se analizan el origen, la evolución y la problemática actual de los bienes jurídicos colectivos, para lo cual se exponen y cuestionan las principales críticas que han sufrido estos intereses tutelados, tales como ser clasificados como meros frutos de la expansión indebida del derecho penal no susceptibles de lesión, ni de concreción. Al respecto se señala en defensa de los bienes jurídicos colectivos que éstos han existido desde el nacimiento mismo del concepto de bien jurídico, y posteriormente su legitimidad ha sido reconocida en toda la evolución dogmática, situación a la cual cabe agregar que las críticas sobre la supuesta inmaterialidad y la dificultad en la prueba de la lesividad de los bienes jurídicos colectivos también son aplicables a bienes jurídicos individuales como el honor o la salud. Por lo anterior, lejos de negarse la legitimidad de los bienes jurídicos, se analizan algunos aspectos del injusto de estas conductas punibles, para lo cual, desde el punto de vista positivo, se propone realizar una valoración normativa sobre la conducta a través de la imputación objetiva, y desde el punto de vista negativo se analiza la aplicación de las causales de justificación para la exclusión del injusto de estos delitos.

  14. Influences of the disease resistance conferred by the individual ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    To research possible influences of the disease resistance conferred by different trans-resistance genes on the transgenic rice plants in their yields and grain quality, three transgenic rice lines, including two with the resistance genes Pi-d2 and Pi-d3, respectively, for rice blast, and one with the resistance gene Xa21 for rice ...

  15. Neutral V production with 14.6 x A GeV/c silicon beams

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Eiseman, S.E.; Etkin, A.; Foley, K.J.; Hackenburg, R.W.; Longacre, R.S.; Love, W.A.; Morris, T.W.; Platner, E.D.; Saulys, A.C.; Lindenbaum, S.J.; Chan, C.S.; Kramer, M.A.; Zhao, K.; Hallman, T.J.; Madansky, L.; Bonner, B.E.; Buchanan, J.A.; Chiou, C.N.; Clement, J.M.; Corcoran, M.D.; Kruk, J.W.; Mutchler, G.S.; Nessi-Tedaldi, F.; Nessi, M.; Roberts, J.B.

    1990-01-01

    We present the results of a measurement of neutral V production with 14.6xA GeV/c Si beams on Au and Cu targets. The Λ and K s 0 yields were measured as a function of negative particle multiplicity. Effective temperatures were determined from an exponential fit to the transverse mass distributions. (orig.)

  16. Hydrogenic donor in a quantum well with an electric field

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jayakumar, K.; Balasubramanian, S.; Tomak, M.

    1985-08-01

    Variational calculations of the binding energy of a hydrogenic donor in a quantum well formed by GaAs and Gasub(1-x)A1sub(x)As with a constant electric field are performed for different electric fields and well widths. A critical electric field is defined and its variation with well width is presented. (author)

  17. 76 FR 17360 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Octopus in the Bering Sea and Aleutian...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-03-29

    .... 101126521-0640-02] RIN 0648-XA322 Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Octopus in the Bering... allowable catch of octopus in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands (BSAI). This action is necessary to allow... subpart H of 50 CFR part 600 and 50 CFR part 679. The 2011 initial total allowable catch (ITAC) of octopus...

  18. 76 FR 64248 - Gulf of Mexico Reef Fish Fishery; Closure of the 2011 Gulf of Mexico Commercial Sector for...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-10-18

    .... 040205043-4043-01] RIN 0648-XA766 Gulf of Mexico Reef Fish Fishery; Closure of the 2011 Gulf of Mexico... the commercial sector for greater amberjack in the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of the Gulf of Mexico... Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico (FMP). The FMP was prepared by the Gulf of Mexico Fishery...

  19. La conservación del Patrimonio Geológico y Minero

    OpenAIRE

    Puche Riart, Octavio

    2000-01-01

    Patrimonio en inglés se escribe Heritage, que sería un sinónimo de herencia, bienes que nos evocan un pasado, a la Historia. En el Art. 46 de la Constitución Española, de 1978, se señala la necesaria defensa, conservación y acrecentamiento del Patrimonio Histórico Español y también que la Ley Penal sancionará los atentados contra dichos bienes, lo que califica su importancia. En el concepto de Patrimonio Histórico Español (Ley 16/1985) se agrupan los bienes, de distinta naturaleza, cuyo eleme...

  20. L’art plastique l’espace.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jean-Paul Galibert

    2009-05-01

    Full Text Available Bien des sciences supposent l’espace; l’art, quant à lui, le produit. Il y a là bien plus qu’un utile rappel : l’idée directrice d’une pensée de l’art comme notre temps la cherche, autour des tours et détours de la plasticité . On s’attend peu, sans doute, à ce qu’une simple collection d’articles devienne une véritable esthétique. C’est pourtant ce que Michel Guérin est fort près de réussir dans L’espace plastique , en déployant, dans bien des directions ...

  1. Compétences pour les PME de l'Amérique centrale dans l'économie ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    ... compétences nécessaires; b) des recherches pour comprendre les modèles sociaux ... Il existe un lien bien documenté entre les compétences nécessaires pour ... Bien que ces compétences ne soient pas nécessairement axées sur les TIC, ...

  2. Pêches, aquaculture et bien vivre en Bolivie : contributions à la ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    La consommation de poisson en Bolivie est parmi l'une des plus faibles au ... De 2011 à 2014, l'alliance PECES PARA LA VIDA (PPV –. Poissons pour la vie) a .... In: Proyecto Mejoramiento de la Legislación Para la Pesca y Acuicultura.

  3. Crime Mapping , ou le réductionnisme bien intentionné.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Boris Beaude

    2009-05-01

    Full Text Available En 2008, le British Crime Survey fit remarquer que le risque d’être victime d’un crime est au plus bas depuis le lancement de son étude systématique en 1981. Il précisa à cette occasion que cette tendance est observable dans l’ensemble des pays développés. En Angleterre, la criminalité aurait baissé de 39% depuis 1997, dont 40% pour les crimes violents et 55% pour les cambriolages. 2 Ce constat questionne le traitement médiatique et politique de la criminalité qui, ...

  4. "Bien Educado": Measuring the Social Behaviors of Mexican American Children

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bridges, Margaret; Cohen, Shana R.; McGuire, Leah Walker; Yamada, Hiro; Fuller, Bruce; Mireles, Laurie; Scott, Lyn

    2012-01-01

    Young children's expected social behaviors develop within particular cultural contexts and contribute to their academic experience in large part through their relationships with their teachers. Commonly used measures focus on children's problem behaviors, developed from psychopathology traditions, and rarely situate normative and positive…

  5. La construcción del sentido en 'La Raquel' de Ulloa y Pereira: interpretación, recepción y poder en la órbita del Barroco

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Valdivia, P.

    2013-01-01

    La Raquel (1643) de Luis de Ulloa y Pereira ha sido objeto de diversos acercamientos críticos que han tratado de fijar una única lectura del texto, bien como obra moralista o bien como obra propagandística. En nuestro trabajo proponemos una nueva lectura de este texto, complementaria a las

  6. Subcutaneous Administration of Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin to Horses Inhibits Ex Vivo Equine Herpesvirus Type 1-Induced Platelet Activation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tracy Stokol

    2018-05-01

    Full Text Available Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1 is a major cause of infectious respiratory disease, abortion and neurologic disease. Thrombosis in placental and spinal vessels and subsequent ischemic injury in EHV-1-infected horses manifests clinically as abortion and myeloencephalopathy. We have previously shown that addition of heparin anticoagulants to equine platelet-rich plasma (PRP can abolish ex vivo EHV-1-induced platelet activation. The goal of this study was to test whether platelets isolated from horses treated with unfractionated heparin (UFH or low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH were resistant to ex vivo EHV-1-induced activation. In a masked, block-randomized placebo-controlled cross-over trial, 9 healthy adult horses received 4 subcutaneous injections at q. 12 h intervals of one of the following treatments: UFH (100 U/kg loading dose, 3 maintenance doses of 80 U/kg, 2 doses of LMWH (enoxaparin 80 U/kg 24 h apart with saline at the intervening 12 h intervals, or 4 doses of saline. Blood samples were collected before treatment and after 36 h, 40 h (4 h after the last injection and 60 h (24 h after the last injection. Two strains of EHV-1, Ab4 and RacL11, were added to PRP ex vivo and platelet membrane expression of P selectin was measured as a marker of platelet activation. Drug concentrations were monitored in a Factor Xa inhibition (anti-Xa bioassay. We found that LMWH, but not UFH, inhibited platelet activation induced by low concentrations (1 × 106 plaque forming units/mL of both EHV-1 strains at 40 h. At this time point, all horses had anti-Xa activities above 0.1 U/ml (range 0.15–0.48 U/ml with LMWH, but not UFH. By 60 h, a platelet inhibitory effect was no longer detected and anti-Xa activity had decreased (range 0.03 to 0.07 U/ml in LMWH-treated horses. Neither heparin inhibited platelet activation induced by high concentrations (5 × 106 plaque forming units/mL of the RacL11 strain. We found substantial between horse

  7. Rompiendo la “maldición de los vacíos fronterizos”: La construcción de la fisionomía urbana de Berlín a través de la “fachada bien ordenada” del viaducto ferroviario

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Filipe Temtem

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available El presente artículo se despliega sobre el análisis del viaducto ferroviario que atraviesa el centro de la capital alemana en la dirección este-oeste. Con ello se pretende descifrar las estrategias de diseño urbano vinculadas a la planificación elevada de la Stadtbahn, discurriéndose sobre la configuración de la fisionomía urbana del centro de Berlín a través de una “fachada bien ordenada”. Así se expone la construcción de una morfología lineal asociada a la infraestructura de transporte segregado, aclarándose el designio de proyectar la línea de tren como un edificio-viaducto, que subordina la composición del espacio público a los efectos escénicos de su frontón arquitectónico. A través de un levantamiento in situ se deja de manifiesto que dicho edifico tiene la capacidad de romper la “maldición de los vacíos fronterizos”, contrariando la destrucción de las vecindades que típicamente convierte la vía segregada en una frontera físico-social. Esto con la intención de despejar el valor que la arquitectura agrega a estas construcciones originadas como respuesta exacta a problemas concretos de tiempo y distancia recogida, alumbrando un campo de trabajo multidisciplinario cada vez más ineludible, donde el aporte de los arquitectos al problema de la infraestructura de transporte aparece aún como figura difusa.

  8. Hi-speed, Hi-fi, Hi-lights : a fast algorithm for the specular term in the Phong illumination model

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Overveld, van C.W.A.M.; Wyvill, B.

    1996-01-01

    The computational effort to render images with light sources and camera at infinity is less than with light sources at finite distance from the illuminated surface. On the other hand, in the case of an infinitely remote light source and camera, planar polygons don’t receive highlights. In this

  9. Spatio-Temporal Occurrence Modeling of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Subtype H5N1: A Case Study in the Red River Delta, Vietnam

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Chinh C. Tran

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI subtype H5N1 poses severe threats to both animals and humans. Investigating where, when and why the disease occurs is important to help animal health authorities develop effective control policies. This study takes into account spatial and temporal occurrence of HPAI H5N1 in the Red River Delta of Vietnam. A two-stage procedure was used: (1 logistic regression modeling to identify and quantify factors influencing the occurrence of HPAI H5N1; and (2 a geostatistical approach to develop monthly predictive maps. The results demonstrated that higher average monthly temperatures and poultry density in combination with lower average monthly precipitation, humidity in low elevation areas, roughly from November to January and April to June, contribute to the higher occurrence of HPAI H5N1. Provinces near the Gulf of Tonkin, including Hai Phong, Hai Duong, Thai Binh, Nam Dinh and Ninh Binh are areas with higher probability of occurrence of HPAI H5N1.

  10. Evaluation of Depth of Field for depth perception in DVR

    KAUST Repository

    Grosset, A.V.Pascal; Schott, Mathias; Bonneau, Georges-Pierre; Hansen, Charles D.

    2013-01-01

    In this paper we present a user study on the use of Depth of Field for depth perception in Direct Volume Rendering. Direct Volume Rendering with Phong shading and perspective projection is used as the baseline. Depth of Field is then added to see its impact on the correct perception of ordinal depth. Accuracy and response time are used as the metrics to evaluate the usefulness of Depth of Field. The onsite user study has two parts: static and dynamic. Eye tracking is used to monitor the gaze of the subjects. From our results we see that though Depth of Field does not act as a proper depth cue in all conditions, it can be used to reinforce the perception of which feature is in front of the other. The best results (high accuracy & fast response time) for correct perception of ordinal depth occurs when the front feature (out of the two features users were to choose from) is in focus and perspective projection is used. © 2013 IEEE.

  11. Evaluation of Depth of Field for depth perception in DVR

    KAUST Repository

    Grosset, A.V.Pascal

    2013-02-01

    In this paper we present a user study on the use of Depth of Field for depth perception in Direct Volume Rendering. Direct Volume Rendering with Phong shading and perspective projection is used as the baseline. Depth of Field is then added to see its impact on the correct perception of ordinal depth. Accuracy and response time are used as the metrics to evaluate the usefulness of Depth of Field. The onsite user study has two parts: static and dynamic. Eye tracking is used to monitor the gaze of the subjects. From our results we see that though Depth of Field does not act as a proper depth cue in all conditions, it can be used to reinforce the perception of which feature is in front of the other. The best results (high accuracy & fast response time) for correct perception of ordinal depth occurs when the front feature (out of the two features users were to choose from) is in focus and perspective projection is used. © 2013 IEEE.

  12. Impact Injury Caused by Linear Acceleration: Mechanisms, Prevention and Cost

    Science.gov (United States)

    1982-04-29

    dejä decrites les blessures cerebrales, cräniennes ou cervicales . Les a tete seule, du cräne et du cerveau sont prelevees afin enomenes de masse...sujets pour lesquels le cerveau etait bien conserve et bien injecte. Ils sont au nombre de 20 en chocs frontaux et de 17 en chocs lateraux. Une

  13. La Teoría de los Comunes y la Teoría de la Emancipación y el instrumento de construcción de un medioambiental y social del Estado democrático en España y Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elcio Nacur Rezende

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo está dedicado eminentemente introducir al lector a la teoría de los bienes comunes y la Teoría de la Emancipación. La primera teoría presenta superficialmente un reflejo de lo que los límites para el Estado, u otra hiperssuficiente entidad, exploran los bienes difusas en nombre de un supuesto interés de la sociedad. Sin embargo, la teoría de la emancipación, también forma superficial, explorar la posibilidad de superar la alienación ideológica que presenta un tema de desarrollo basado en la autoconciencia del ser humano emancipado. De este modo, ambas teorías tienen puntos congruentes y disonantes, especialmente en el llamado Socio-ambientalismo, en la medida en que los bienes ambientales, innegable importancia, pueden y deben ser manejados por el Estado, sin embargo olvidar la responsabilidad del ciudadano en el cuidado por el bien de preservación de un medio ambiente ecológicamente equilibrado.

  14. La Justicia como virtud

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Martínez-Sicluna y Sepúlveda, Consuelo

    2003-07-01

    Full Text Available El sentimiento de la justicia representa el hábito de conducta por el que nos vemos obligados, en cualquier relación, a dar a cada uno lo suyo. Ahora bien, esta disposición del espíritu se inscribe en las coordenadas que definen al hombre: verdad, libertad y bien. El hombre como ser racional y por tanto libre: el único ser que se determina a sí mismo y que alcanza en el bien el sentido de su proyección personal, esto es, la perfección. Dar a cada uno lo suyo es dar al sujeto el reconocimiento de este fundamento ontológico.

  15. Kaitsevägi hangib iseliikuvaid suurtükke / Andres Einmann

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Einmann, Andres

    2013-01-01

    Kaitseministeerium kulutab tuleval aastal investeeringuteks 43,26 miljonit eurot. Kavas on hankida uut sõjatehnikat: suurtükke ja lahingumasinaid, teine Thales Raytheoni Ground Master 403 tüüpi radar, Sisu XA-188 soomukeid. Suurim projekt on viie kasarmu ehitamine: aasta lõpuks valmivad neli kasarmut Võrus, Jõhvis ja Ämaris ning peale selle renoveeritakse üks hoone Miinisadamas

  16. La lutte contre le tabagisme en Afrique : Peuples, politique et ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    22 déc. 2011 ... Le tabagisme se répand rapidement en Afrique subsaharienne sous l'impulsion d'une forte croissance économique et des tactiques publicitaires agressives des multinationales du tabac ; bien que les interventions politiques y soient bien comprises, l'économie politique du contrôle du tabagisme ne l'est ...

  17. Connecter l'Afrique, du Cap au Caire | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    10 janv. 2011 ... La recherche bien appliquée. Des recherches ... d'échelle essentielles pour mener à bien des projets d'envergure à des coûts abordables. Ironie du sort ... Même les personnes qui connaissent peu les TIC pourraient regarder les cartes et comprendre les enjeux », affirme Heloise Emdon, du CRDI. Dans le ...

  18. ECONOMÍA DE LA CULTURA: CONCEPTOS Y CLASIFICACIÓN

    OpenAIRE

    Martínez Rodríguez, Susana

    2016-01-01

    ECONOMÍA DE LA CULTURA: CONCEPTOS Y CLASIFICACIONES ÍNDICE 1. Actividades y bienes culturales 2. Características de los bienes y servicios culturales. 3. El concepto de capital cultural y el valor cultural. 4. Enfoques sobre economía de la cultura 4.1. Industrias culturales 4.2. Industrias creativas 4.3. Industrias de la propiedad intelectual

  19. Concurso mercantil de acreedores: Vocatio in tributum. La “Acción tributoria” frente al dueño (empresario corrupto

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Guillermo Suárez Blázquez

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available La doctrina civil ha definido la Actio Tributoria bien como Actio in Factum, bien como Actio Adiecticiae. La Acción Tributoria es una acción personal que reprime la corrupción del empresario dueño, y debe ser situada en el marco general de las acciones pretorias de empresa y del comercio.

  20. Le projet HANS KAÏ : une approche communautaire visant à améliorer la santé et le bien-être grâce au soutien par les pairs

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alexandra Henteleff

    2018-01-01

    modèle HANS KAÏ. Bien que d’autres recherches soient nécessaires pour valider nos résultats, il semble que le modèle HANS KAÏ puisse être efficace pour créer un contexte permettant à la population locale de s’entraider en favorisant des choix de vie sains et en détectant de façon précoce les changements d’état de santé.