UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

In recent years, the interest in the use of bacteria for biological control of plant-pathogenic fungi has increased. We studied the possible side effects of coating barley seeds with the antagonistic...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The effects of low concentrations (10 nm or less) of indoleacetic acid and abscisic acid on the phytochrome-mediated attachment of barley root (Hordeum vulgare L., var. Compana)...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Influx and accumulation of K⁺ in barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv Fergus) roots were measured at two temperatures (10°C and 20°C) in plants which had been grown...Full Text Available

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Mung bean seedlings inoculated with Enterobacter asburiae PSI3, a gluconic acid-producing rhizosphere isolate, enhanced plant growth in the presence of phytotoxic levels of Cd2+ in gnotobiotic pot experiments as compared to the uninoculated Cd-treated plants. Addition of organic acids to Cd-stressed seedlings promoted root elongation. Hematoxylin competition assays showed that organic acids could displace Cd2+ from the Cd2+: hematoxylin complex in the same order of effectiveness as was found for restoration of root net elongation viz. oxalate?>?malate?>?succinate while gluconate was effective at higher concentrations. Root associated Cd2+, assessed by hematoxylin staining of roots was found to be reduced when roots were treated with organic acid. Cd stress increased antioxidant enzymes suc...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Previous studies from this laboratory have shown that certain N-substituted phthalimides (NSPs) exhibit GA-like activity in a range of specific bioassays and that bioactive NSPs compete with ({sup 3}H)-GA{sub 4} for soluble binding sites in cucumber homogenates. As such, these compounds may prove useful in the purification and characterization of GA receptor proteins. To this end, five azido-NSPs have been synthesized and are currently being screened for biological activity and photochemical stability. Three azido-NSPs elicit {alpha}-amylase production in barley half-seeds and stimulate tissue elongation in d{sub 5} maize, lettuce, sunflower, and soybean. Further evaluations are in progress and these data as well as the utility of these compounds as photo-affinity ligands will be discussed.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) is widely distributed in the acid soil region of Southern China, where great potential of aluminum (Al) toxicity exists. To evaluate the Al tolerance of Moso bamboo, seed germination and root elongation were compared with two rice cultivars, and physical and physiological damages were examined under various levels of Al stress. Results showed that Moso bamboo seed germination was inhibited when Al concentration increased to 500 ?M, and the median lethal concentration was 2,000??M. Comparatively, the rice seed germination was not inhibited even at a concentration of 2,000??M Al. Aluminum accumulated mainly in the cell wall of root apices, and entered into protoplasts as treating time prolonged and/or Al concentration increased, which resulted in apoptos...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

A barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) mutant (Az34) has been identified with low basal levels of abscisic acid (ABA) and with reduced capacity for producing ABA in response to water stress....Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Small RAC/ROP-family G proteins regulate development and stress responses in plants. Transient overexpression and RNA interference experiments suggested that the barley (Hordeum vulgare)...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

• Background and Aims Development and architecture of plant roots are regulated by phytohormones. Cytokinin (CK), synthesized in the root cap, promotes cytokinesis, vascular...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The chloroplast and cytoplasmic isoenzymes of phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) (EC. 2.7.2.3) from Hordeum vulgare leaves have been separated and purified for the first time to apparent...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

NADPH nitrate reductase activity in higher plants has been attributed to the presence of NAD(P)H bispecific nitrate reductases and to the presence of phosphatases capable of hydrolyzing NADPH to NADH....Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Nickel was established as an essential micronutrient for the growth of temperate cereal crops. Grain from barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv `Onda'; containing 40 to 80 nanograms of Ni per...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

A rapid loss of far red light (FR) reversibility of red-light (R) stimulated elongation of maize coleoptile sections was observed. Reversal was not possible when the interval between R and FR treatment...Full Text Available

Environmental Research Database

DescriptionAbstract of Research Proposal The root environment has a major effect on crop growth, both directly through the supply of water and nutrients to the shoot, and indirectly through root to shoot signalling. Better management of crop root systems through agronomic and genetic means has the potential to improve the efficiency of water and nutrient uptake, and limit root restrictions to crop growth. However, progress in this area is currently limited by the lack of sensors for in situ estimates of [continued...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

These studies demonstrate that soybean (Merr) roots and nodules possess an active system for fixing CO₂. The maximum rates of CO₂ fixation observed for roots and nodules of intact...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The relative transport capabilities of the cells of the root periphery and cortex were investigated using a variety of experimental techniques. Brief (30 seconds to 1 minute) exposures with the penetrating...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We briefly discuss the transcendental constants generated through the #epsilon# expansion of generalized hypergeometric functions and their interrelation with the 'sixth root of unity.'

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The production method of the elastic composite containing ferrous particles and titanium barium particles dispersed in the porous silicone matrix is described in this article. Since it contains ferrous and titanium barium particles, this composite shows magnetorheological and also electrorheological properties. The electrostriction of composite samples in the electric field with maximal intensity 1.5x10{sup 6} V/m was investigated. The magnetostriction in the magnetic field with maximal induction 1 T was also investigated. It was found that samples elongate with increased electric field intensity, and the magnetic field induction was detected. By increasing the samples' elongation with increase of ferrous particles, titanium barium particles and pores number were also detected. In the investigated division of the electric and magnetic field the elongation changed in a linear way. The maximal ...

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Science.gov (United States)

PMID:21921169

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cuttings were taken from the upper part of the crowns of spruce trees 60-70 yr old in stands at 3 different altitudes in the Rila Mountains and 4 in the Vitosha Mountains in Bulgaria. The cuttings, of 1-yr, 2-yr and 3-yr shoots, were rooted in sand, perlite and peat. Rooting % generally decreased with increasing altitude of provenance, but cuttings from the very highest altitudes showed increased rooting %. In general, 1-yr cuttings gave the best rooting %, but in some provenances the 2-yr cuttings were best. Sand was clearly the best rooting substrate. (Refs. 11).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Propagation costs could be cut by replacing part of the micropropagation process with steps involving more traditional techniques. This study explored possibilities for improving existing vegetative propagation techniques for aspen using stem cuttings obtained from micropropagated plants. Vegetative propagation through stem cuttings was studied in 10 micropropagated hybrid aspen clones (Populus tremula L. x P. tremuloides Michx). Cuttings containing one axillary bud were harvested from the same donor plants twice during the growing season: the first harvest in May and the second harvest in July. Rooting percentage was correlated positively with root length, number of roots and height of cutting plant but negatively with length of rooting. The average rooting percentage was 53% in the first harvest and 27% in second harvest. Indole-3-butyric acid treatments (1.2 mM) significantly ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Metal contaminated crops from contaminated soils are possible hazards for the food chain. The aim of this study was to find practical and cost-effective measures to reduce metal uptake in crops grown on metal contaminated soils near a former metal smelter in Austria. Metal-inefficient cultivars of crop plants commonly grown in the area were investigated in combination with in-situ soil amendments. A laboratory batch experiment using 15 potential amendments was used to select 5 amendments to treat contaminated soil in a pot study using two Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars that differed in their ability to accumulate cadmium. Results from this experiment identified 3 of these amendments for use in a field trial. In the pot experiment a reduction in ammonium nitrate extractable Cd (<41%) and Pb (<49%) compared to the controls was measured, with a concurrent reduction of uptake into barley grain (Cd < 62%, Pb < 68%). In the field ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Sucrose uptake by discs of mature sugar beet root tissue incubated in [¹⁴C]-sucrose exhibited nonsaturating kinetics over the concentration range of 1 to 500 millimolar. Uptake was inhibited...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen capable of forming a biofilm under physiological conditions that contributes to its persistence despite long-term treatment...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

An enriched glucan synthase fraction was obtained from red beet root microsomes by sequential extraction with the detergents 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate and digitonin....Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

An organ-specific invertase deficiency affecting only the primary root system is described in the Oh 43 inbred maize (Zea mays). Invertases (acid and neutral/soluble and insoluble)...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Plant roots exhibit remarkable developmental plasticity in response to local soil conditions. It is shown here that mild salt stress stimulates a stress-induced morphogenic response (SIMR) in Arabidopsis...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The plant-parasitic nematode Heterodera schachtii stimulates plant root cells to form syncytial feeding structures which synthesize all nutrients required for successful nematode development....Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

Progress is reported in several areas of research. The following cellulosic raw materials were selected for study: wheat, barley, and rice straws, rice hulls, sorghum, corn stover, cotton gin trash, newsprint, ground wood, and masonite steam-treated Douglas fir and redwood. Samples were collected, prepared, and analyzed for hexosans, pentosans, lignin, ash, and protein. Results of acid extraction and enzymatic hydrolysis are discussed. Yields of glucose, polyglucose, xylose, and arabinose are reported. Progress in process design and economic studies, as well as pilot plant process development and design studies, is summarized. (JGB)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Field experiments were conducted in the 30-km zone of Gomel's region of the Byelorussia to study factors aecting a biological radionuclide accessibility. A contamination density by radiocesium equaled 2,7-9,9 MBk/m"2, strontium 90 - 0,3-0,5 MBk/m"2 in 1991. A sowing of oats barley, lupin was carried out. It was shown that radionuclide accumulation by agricultural plants was determined basically by biological peculiarities of plants in greater degree than by the contamination density. It was shown that strontium 90 migration from the soil was more intensive than that of radiocesium. 8 tabs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Factors influencing the rooting-potential of stem cuttings of conifers were studied for the purpose of improving methods of rapid vegetative propagation. Within the bounds of hereditary limits, root regeneration depends, to a considerable extent, on the qualities of rooting-media, date of cutting excision, age and physiological conditions of the stock plant, age of the cutting-wood, its position on the plant, and chemical treatment. Hardwood cuttings, which have a relatively high content of endogenous auxin and carbohydrates, and morphological root initials, gave the best results. This method made it possible to increase the growth rate of cuttings 2.5-5 times that of cuttings taken from shoots of current growth. (Refs. 21).

KoreaScience (Korea)

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UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Intracellular recordings were made from 1022 somatic lumbar dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurones in anaesthetized adult rats, classified from dorsal root conduction velocities (CVs) as C, Aδ...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Cellular polarity is a fundamental property of every cell. Due to their extremely fast growth rate (≥1 μm/s) and their highly elongated form, filamentous fungi represent a prime example...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Terminal differentiation of many vascular cells involves cell wall changes. Cells first elongate their primary wall, then lay down a lignified secondary wall, which is often followed by digestion of...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

A structurally conserved element, the trigger loop, has been suggested to play a key role in substrate selection and catalysis of RNA polymerase II (pol II) transcription elongation. Recently resolved...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Background and AimsPlant species from various taxa ‘escape’ from low oxygen conditions associated with submergence by a suite of traits collectively called the low...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ca #alpha#-sialon is a high hardness material that exhibits in-situ growth of elongated grains during pressureless sintering. This potentially gives the material very good fracture toughness. This paper examined the effects of a number of variables on microstructural development during sintering. The effect of composition was investigated by studying seven different compositions. Densification was seen to be hindered in compositions that produced only small quantities of liquid phase during sintering. Elongated #alpha#-sialon was observed in all the compositions. It was in combination with equiaxed #alpha#--sialon in low liquid compositions, but only elongated #alpha#-sialon was present in the liquid rich compositions. The effects of using P-Si_3N_4 instead of #alpha#-Si_3N_4 starting powders were also examined. Compositions using only #alpha#-S_3N_4 and those that used a 50:50 #alpha#:#beta# mix displayed similar ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Epicuticular wax production was evaluated along the length of expanding leek (Allium porrum L.) leaves to gain insight into the regulation of wax production. Leaf segments from the...Full Text Available

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Commercial vineyards in southern Spain were surveyed and sampled during October to December 2004 to determine the extent to which common weeds present were suitable hosts of root-knot nematodes infesting soils of those vineyards. Seven weed species commonly growing in grapevine soils in southern Spain were found infected by either Meloidogyne incognita or M. javanica: Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot pigweed), Anchusa azurea (ox-tongue), Chenopodium album (goosefoot), Erodium moschatum (musk stork?s bill), Malva rotundifolia (low mallow), Sinapis alba (white mustard), and Solanum nigrum (black nightshade). The host suitability of the weeds to root-knot nematodes was evaluated on the basis of root galling severity and nematode population densities in soil and roots. Also, the host?parasite r...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The use of indigenous bacterial root endophytes with biocontrol activity against soil-borne phytopathogens is an environmentally-friendly and ecologically-efficient action within an integrated disease management framework. The earliest steps of olive root colonization by Pseudomonas fluorescens PICF7 and Pseudomonas putida PICP2, effective biocontrol agents (BCAs) against Verticillium wilt of olive (Olea europaea L.) caused by the fungus Verticillium dahliae Kleb., are here described. A gnotobiotic study system using in vitro propagated olive plants, differential fluorescent-protein tagging of bacteria, and confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis have been successfully used to examine olive roots?Pseudomonas spp. interactions at the single-cell level. In vivo simultaneous visualization...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

To gain insight into the changes in the transcriptome of soybean roots during soybean cyst nematode (SCN) infection, we conducted genome-wide gene expression profiling using serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) combined with Solexa sequencing. More than 3 million tags were generated from the SCN-infected and uninfected roots, and 366941 and 314591 clean UniTags were obtained from SCN-infected and uninfected samples, respectively. In the SCN-infected sample, 48249 UniTags represented 18114 reference genes. In the uninfected control, 46290 UniTags represented 19323 reference genes. Comparison of tag frequencies identified 1405 genes that were expressed at greater levels in SCN-infected roots than in uninfected roots, and 1191 genes that were expressed at lower levels. Quantitative real-...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Methods are described for the production of callus and subsequent shoot and root induction and multiplication using stamen filaments, nodes of young stems of mature trees or cotyledon petioles. A high frequency of contamination occurred using nodal sections from mature trees, whereas up to 100% sterility was obtained with cotyledons and stamens. The rooting % of shoot cultures from nodes or stamen callus was low compared with that of shoots from seedling callus. Considerable variation was observed between clones from different trees in their ability to produce shoots and roots. 27 references

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A process combining dark fermentation and photofermentation for production of hydrogen is interesting due to its potential of producing hydrogen at a high yields. In this study, the hydrogen process is compared to a 2nd generation ethanol process with respect to cost and with the aim of increasing our understanding of the pros and cons and giving a clear picture of the present status of the two processes. The hydrogen production cost was found to be about 20 times higher than the ethanol production cost, 421.7&z.euro;/GJ compared to 19.5&z.euro;/GJ. The main drawbacks of the hydrogen process are its low productivity, low energy efficiency, and the high cost of buffer and base required to control the pH.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Why we sleep remains one of the enduring unanswered questions in biology. At its core, sleep can be defined behaviorally as a homeostatically regulated state of reduced movement and sensory...Full Text Available

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Under changing redox conditions some plants create plaques at their root surface, which may affect the mobility and uptake of As and heavy metals but it is unknown to what extent this also holds true for willows in contaminated floodplain soils. Therefore, willow roots were sampled from a phytoremediation trial in the contaminated floodplain of the river Elbe (Germany), cryofixed, freeze-dried, and cross sections were mapped for the distribution of As, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Ni, S and Zn by synchrotron based X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The elements Ca, Cu, Ni, S and Zn were concentrated in the aerenchymatic tissue, and not associated with Fe and Mn. Mixed Fe-Mn plaques covered the surface of the willow roots and As was accumulated in these plaques. The observed association pattern between...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Root exudates play a major role in the mobilization of sparingly soluble nutrients in the rhizosphere. Since the amount and composition of major metabolites in root exudates from one plant species have not yet been systematically compared under different nutrient deficiencies, relations between exudation patterns and the type of nutrient being deficient remain poorly understood. Comparing root exudates from axenically grown maize plants exposed to N, K, P, or Fe deficiency showed a higher release of glutamate, glucose, ribitol, and citrate from Fe-deficient plants, while P deficiency stimulated the release of -aminobutyric acid and carbohydrates. Potassium-starved plants released less sugars, in particular glycerol, ribitol, fructose, and maltose, while under N deficiency lower am...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Agricultural practices frequently cause the development of a soil compacted layer below the surface. These compacted layers restrict the root penetration into deeper layers of soil, in search for water. It is proposed to monitor, using Non Destructive Test, the roots growth due to the planting of standard seeds in different agricultural soils, in function of their compactness and humidity. It will be used the neutrons beams derived from an irradiation channel called J-9 of the Reactor Argonauta (IEN/CNEN), so that the neutron radiographic images of the soil-plant system can be obtained. Each root can be evaluated for its ability to penetrate into compacted soil layers; this fact would mean an optimization of agricultural harvests. (author)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This article presents an orthognathic treatment case after severe apical root resorption of maxillary anterior teeth using anterior segmental osteotomy. This case involved a 20-year-old female with the chief complaint of maxillary protruding and irregularly aligned mandibular anterior teeth. Her medical history showed no allergies or medical problems. The overbite was +3.0mm, and the overjet +3.0mm. After extraction of the four first premolars, a multi-bracket treatment was started. A severe root resorption of the maxillary anterior teeth was found 12 months after active treatment. The maxillary anterior segmental osteotomy was chosen as the compensatory treatment. The total treatment period was 2 years and 7 months. The post-retention panoramic radiograph showed no developmental root reso...

Science.gov (United States)

Deforestation farther inland causes delayed reactions. When roots no longer hold soil in place, it ends up muddying streams, rivers, and coastal waters. ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

During instrumentation of the root canal, it is important to develop a continuously tapered form and to maintain the original shape and position of the apical foramen. However, the presence of curvatures...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

Sep 1, 2011 ... Title: Application of chloropicrin to Douglas-fir stumps to control laminated root rot does not affect infection or growth of regeneration 16 growing ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Glycyrrhiza glabra root is one of the common traditional Chinese medicines and used as flavoring and sweetening agents for tobaccos, chewing gums, candies, toothpaste and beverages. While glycyrrhizin is one of the main components in the extract of G. glabra root and has been characterized, the other components have not been well characterized. The mechanism of growth activation of breast cancer MCF-7 cells, including the activation of Erk1/2 and Akt, and the transcriptional regulation of estrogen-responsive genes, was examined by means of sulforhodamine B, luciferase reporter gene, real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting assays after the induction of the cells with the extract of G. glabra root. The extract has similar activity to that induced by 17b-estradiol (E2), although glycyrrhizin di...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dysprosium #alpha#-sialon ceramic has been fabricated from #alpha#-Si_3N_4, AlN, Al_2O_3 and Dy_2O_3 starting powders, using gas pressure sintering at 1800 deg C or higher temperatures under a relatively low gas pressure of 0.9MPa N_2. The resultant #alpha#-sialon grains showed significantly different features, such as equiaxed, elongated, and even a few extraordinarily large with high aspect ratio grains in the fine matrix, which has rarely been observed in #alpha#' ceramics. It is suggested that the temperature strongly influences the grain morphologies of #alpha#-sialon, playing an important role particularly in the latter stage of the 'nucleation-growth' process. Such a microstructural morphology of mixed with equiaxed and elongated grains toughens the #alpha#-sialon ceramics and leaves them still hard. Overly high temperature treatment leads to the preferential growth of a few #alpha#' grains which become excessively large and long, but ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The development of tough #alpha#-SiAlON with elongated grains in the last five years is summarized. This progress has been guided by the improved understanding of phase relations and nucleation/growth kinetics in SiAlON ceramics. Although most #alpha#-SiAlON compositions can be processed to contain some elongated grains, their microstructure, fracture toughness and R-curve behavior vary greatly. Such variability is due to the different phase stability of #alpha#-SiAlONs and the varying physical chemistry of the competing phases, including the transient/residual liquid. For this reason, microstructure control of #alpha#-SiAlON must pay close attention to the composition, starting powder and heating schedule. Seeding with single crystals of an appropriate #alpha#-SiAlON composition provides an attractive alternative that simplifies the task of microstructure control, since such seeds are thermodynamically stable and they completely dominate the ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Porous ?-SiAlON ceramics are synthesized by reaction bonded method using hollow alumina spheres (HASs) as both sintering aids and pore-forming agents. Both micropores and macropores, which are constructured by SiAlON grains with different morphologies, are formed in the final SiAlON samples. The micropores are three-dimentional, and are built by equiaxial grains. While the hollow macropores, which have the similar morphology to hollow alumina sphere, are packed by elongated grains. In the sintering process, the solid dissolution process takes place, giving rise to the different alumina concentration of liquid phase, and thus resulting in the formation of two kinds of grains, the equiaxial grain and the elongated grain.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

AZ31 Mg alloy samples were extruded by an equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) process and subsequently annealed to obtain fine-grained material with a low dislocation density. Tensile tests at room temperature exhibited an apparent steady-state deformation region and a large tensile elongation of 47%. The deformed microstructure at an elongation of 2% indicated a substantial cross-slip to nonbasal planes possibly induced by grain-boundary compatibility effects. The nonbasal segments of dislocations were found to consist of 40% of the total dislocation density at a yield anisotropy factor of only 1.1 instead of an expected value of 100 from single-crystal experiments. (orig.)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Antisense- or RNAi-mediated suppression of the biosynthesis of nutritionally inferior storage proteins is a promising strategy for improving the amino acid profile of seeds. However, the potential pleiotropic effects of this on interconnected pathways and the agronomic quality traits need to be addressed. In the current study, a transcriptomic analysis of an antisense C-hordein line of barley was performed, using a grain-specific cDNA array. The C-hordein antisense line is characterized by marked changes in storage protein and amino acid profiles, while the seed weight is within the normal range and no external morphological irregularities were observed. The results of the transcriptome analysis showed excellent correlation with data on changes in the relative proportions of storage proteins and amino acid composition. The antisense line had a lower C-hordein level and down-regulated transcript encoding C-hordein. The production of the S-rich B/ - and D-hordeins ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report discusses the activities of two major groups of forest soil microorganisms, the bacteria and the fungi. Special attention is paid to their participation in the decay of major forest litter substrates, including leaves, branches and roots. The influence of bacteria and fungi in symbiotic associations with woody plant roots upon the cycles of carbon and nitrogen is described. The impacts of certain forest mamagement alternatives are assessed in terms of the creation of elimination of suitable environments for the activity of soil microorganisms. A bibliography is included. 507 refs., 1 tab.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The rod drop time event of the Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant is caused by the malfunction of the guide tube developed by Framatome. Three temporary solutions were implemented successively and the long term solution was found in the process of searching for the root cause. The different solutions and the root cause are introduced. The safety analysis and license of the solutions are mainly discussed. Experiences and lessons are drawn by summarizing the important items related to nuclear safety.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Plant roots release about 5% to 20% of all photosynthetically-fixed carbon, and as a result create a carbon-rich environment for numerous rhizosphere organisms, including plant pathogens and symbiotic...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Ricinus communis L. was used to test the Dijkshoorn-Ben Zioni hypothesis that NO₃⁻ uptake by roots is regulated by NO₃⁻ assimilation...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Radionuclide x-ray fluorescence method was used in the determination of Cr, Ni and other heavy metals content in wastewater of an engineering plant taken both before and after chemical treatment. Toxic effects of the wastewaters using Allium cepa root tip cells were tested. (author) 8 refs.; 2 tabs.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The influence of exogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) on the internal levels of these auxins was studied during the first 4 days of adventitious root formation in cuttings...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A strong toroidal rotation braking has been observed in plasmas with application of an n = 1 magnetic perturbation field on the JET tokamak. Calculation results from the momentum transport analysis show that the torque induced by the n = 1 perturbation field has a global profile. The maximal value of this torque is at the plasma core region (#rho# < 0.4) and it is about half of the neutral beam injection torque. The calculation shows that the plasma is mainly in the #nu#_-#sq root##nu# regime in the plasma core, but it is close to the transition between the 1/#nu# and #nu#_-#sq root##nu# regimes. The neoclassical toroidal viscosity (NTV) torque in the 1/#nu# and #nu#_-#sq root##nu# regimes is calculated. The observed torque is of a magnitude in between that of the NTV torque in the 1/#nu# and #nu#_-#sq root##nu# regimes. The NTV torque in the #nu#_-#sq root##nu# regimes is ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract This research aimed to investigate coarse root systems of Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata Donn ex Sm.) trees at a 13-year-old restored bauxite mine site in south-western Australia. Excavations in an area with small trees (low-quality site) revealed that deep ripping equipment failed to penetrate the cemented lateritic subsoil, restricting coarse roots (roots >5 mm in diameter) to the top 0.5 m of the soil profile, resulting in fewer (1,344 stems/ha) and smaller (mean height 4.5 m) Jarrah trees. An adjacent area within the same pit (high-quality site), with a stand density of 3,256 stems/ha and a mean height of 8.0 m, had a kaolinitic clay subsoil which coarse roots penetrated to the average ripping depth (1.5 m). Trees at the low-quality site did not penetrate the subsoil with their ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

In order to study the intragenic profiles of active transcription, we determined the relative levels of active RNA polymerase II present at the 3′- and 5′-ends of 261 yeast genes by...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This patent describes a system for controlling erosion of the slope between the waterline of a shoreline. The system comprises an elongated conduit; means to pivotably secure the conduit to the shoreline approximately at the waterline; a plurality of individual armor bags attached to the conduit; and means for filling all of the individual armor bags with a grout material whereby the armor bags when filled with the grout material will be positioned as a unit onto the slope below the waterline.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

In order to better understand the molecular mechanisms of human hair growth control and to test hair growth-modulatory drugs, appropriate in vitro models are required. Here, we report the long-term...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Radiation degradation of polycarbonate (PC) and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) used as cable connector was evaluated using DSC, TGA, and mechanical properties. Glass transition temperature, melting temperature, 5% weight loss temperature, elongation at break, and tensile strength measurements were carried out for each of {gamma}-ray irradiated samples. In the results of those analyses, PC has radiation resistance better than PBT as a cable connector material.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

White lupin (Lupinus albus L.) is an annual crop that has been used for phytostabilization of acidified multi-contaminated soils. Once the culture cycle is over, after shoot harvesting, a progressive transference of contaminants from roots to soil may take place as decomposition of roots occurs. An incubation experiment with Cu, Zn, Cd, and As-loaded roots of white lupin and soils with different pH values and concentrations of these contaminants from the area affected by a mine spill at Aznalcollar (near Seville, Spain) was performed in order to assess the effect of the decomposition of the roots to the pH and (NH_4)_2SO_4-extractable levels of these pollutants in the soils. Pollutants loaded-roots were mineralized (56 d) at a ratio similar to animal manures (15.8-19.4% of total organic carbon) in soil. The estimated root inputs of contaminants in comparison to ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The general formula is obtained for R-matrices of s-circumflexl{sub q}(2,C) for the highest weight representations both for general q and for q being a root of unity by generalizing G. Gomez`s and Sierra`s one for semiperiodic representations of s-circumflexl{sub q}(2,C) at roots of unity. In a case of general q, direct matrix form is obtained for the well known Jimbo`s R-matrix. In a case of q{sup N}=1 for semiperiodic and spin j<(N-1)/2 representations the new R-matrices are obtained which together with Jimbo`s one obey the spectral parameter dependent Yang-Baxter equations. (author) 16 refs.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) contains several types of saponins and ginsenosides, which are usually considered the major active components of ginseng. The types and quantities of saponins found in ginseng may differ depending on the region of cultivation. As a result, ginsengs produced in different areas of Korea have been unintentionally mislabeled and/or confused by Korean herbal markets owing to their complicated plant sources. Another concern is that 4- and 6-year-old ginseng roots, traditionally prescribed for different medicinal purposes, can vary in total saponin contents. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a reliable method for distinguishing different cultivation regions and ages of ginseng roots. A rapid resolution liquid chromatography-quadruple time of flight ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The rolB gene of Agrobacterium rhizogenes, whose expression stimulates the formation of roots by transformed plant tissues and other growth alterations in transgenic plants, codes for a beta-glucosidase...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

During the symbiotic interaction between Medicago truncatula and the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Glomus intraradices, an endogenous increase in jasmonic acid...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

A copper-resistant strain (09906) of Pseudomonas fluorescens that was isolated from a citrus grove soil is being investigated as a biological control agent for Phytophthora root rot. Since citrus grove...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

This paper examines the current military working dogs (MWD) program, its historical roots, and the possibility for expansion of the program. Current service MWD programs will be discussed, as well as possible models for change. The primary focus is on the...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The radioactivity in tobacco leaves collected from 15 different regions of Greece and before cigarette production was studied in order to find out any association between the root uptake of radionuclides...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

Aluminium (Al) toxicity, affecting around half of the world¿s arable land, severely hinders the ability of crop plants to utilize moisture and nutrients by restricting root growth and function. Among the cultivated cereals, rye is the most Al-tolerant and represents an important potential source of ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

A 65-year-old man suffering from ascending aorta aneurysm and atherosclerotic three vessel disease without left main involvement underwent aortic root replacement with coronary ostia reimplantation...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Portuguese ... Orig. Title Isolamento e identificacao do flavonoide (-)-4'-metil-epigalocatequina das raizes de Maytenus obtusifolia Mart. (Celastraceae)

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

An immunoglobulin Mk monoclonal (F8IVE9) antibody raised against oat (Avena sativa cv Garry) root homogenate has been produced and characterized. The predominant target...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundLeukotrienes (LTs) belong to the large family of lipid mediators implicated in various inflammatory conditions such as asthma and rheumatoid arthritis. Four distinct types...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Primary cell walls, free from cytoplasmic contamination were prepared from corn (Zea mays L.) roots and potato (Solanum tuberosum) tubers. After EDTA treatment, the...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

2-Isopropyl-4-dimethylamino-5-methylphenyl-1-piperidine carboxylate methyl chloride (AMO-1618) inhibits the activity of a cholinesterase isolated from mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) roots...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Motor function requires that motor axons extend from the spinal cord at regular intervals and that they are myelinated by Schwann cells. Little attention has been given to another cellular structure,...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

In China, Korea, and Japan, a decoction of the dried root without bark of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. has been used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus,...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Purified cell walls were prepared from roots of Horse bean (Vicia faba L., var. minor) and Yellow Lupine (Lupinus luteus L.). Two methods were used:...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Extensive investigations and detailed analysis of the failure reason of 9DVN002ZV fan in Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station showed that the fan destroy was caused by the failure of non-drive end bear. The direct cause of this bearing' failure was its improper assembly caused by improper maintenance procedure, and the root cause was too small internal radial clearance after mounting. The factor affecting bearing internal radial clearance, the relationship between clearance and operating life time and fan failure process were discussed. (authors)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Micropropagation methods are described for the production of clonal lines from Eucalyptus marginata (jarrah) seedlings. Nodal explants from mature trees can also yield shoot cultures, but a high frequency of contamination occurs among such explants. Uncontaminated callus cultures can be produced from mature trees by culturing stamen filaments and shoots can subsequently be regenerated from this callus. The rooting percentage of shoot cultures from either nodes or stamen callus of mature trees is low compared with that from seedling explants. Considerable variation was observed between trees in the ability of stamen callus to regenerate shoots and in the frequency of rooting. (Refs. 27)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The present study was aimed to investigate antimicrobial potential of Glycyrrhiza glabra roots. Antimycobacterial activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra was found at 500mg/mL concentration. Bioactivity guided phytochemical analysis identified glabridin as potentially active against both Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra and H37Rv strains at 29.16mg/mL concentration. It exhibited antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Our results indicate potential use of licorice as antitubercular agent through systemic experiments and sophisticated anti-TB assay.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Green River Basin is a northwest-southeast elongate structural feature located in southwestern Wyoming. Bounded by three basement uplifts, this complex mountain front basin possesses tremendous gas reserves. Production has been limited to a few structures, such as the Pinedale Anticline, because of the great depth of the basin. The Pinedale Anticline is an elongate structure that parallels the front of the Wind River Thrust. Earlier research has suggested that the anticline is not related to basement, but rather is associated with a foreland detachment structure. A new, high-resolution aeromagnetic survey has been modelled in detail and the results indicate that the Pinedale Anticline may actually be a basement related structure. Profile modelling normal to the anticline from the LaBarge Platform to the Wind River Mountains suggests that not only is Pinedale Field situated on a possible basement structure, but also that additional, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The effect of irradiation on the tensile properties of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fiber reinforced poly(vinyl chloride)/epoxidized natural rubber (PVC/ENR) blends were studied. The composites were prepared by mixing the fiber and the PVC/ENR blend using HAAKE Rheomixer at 150 deg. C. The composites were then irradiated by using a 3.0 MeV electron beam machine at doses ranging from 0 to 100 kGy in air and room temperature. The tensile strength, Young's modulus, elongation at break and gel fraction of the composites were measured. Comparative studies were also made by using poly(methyl acrylate) grafted OPEFB fiber in the similar blend system. An increase in tensile strength, Young's modulus and gel fraction, with a concurrent reduction in the elongation at break (Eb) of the PVC/ENR/OPEFB composites were observed upon electron beam irradiation. Studies revealed that grafting of the OPEFB fiber with methyl acrylate did ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Radiation-and-thermal-combined degradation of ethylene-propylene rubber (EP rubber) and chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM) as cable insulating and jacketing materials were evaluated by accelerated aging tests and a method to assess the lifetime of these materials under practical application was studied. EP rubber and CSM of experimental formulation were degraded at accelerated rates, that are 50 #approx# 1000 times the degradation rate under a standard condition (1Gy/h, 50degC). The degradation was investigated by measuring the tensile properties. In the accelerated aging tests, rates of elongation decrease owing to degradation for both EP rubber and CSM were in proportion to increase in accelerated rate. Behaviors of elongation changes showed little difference with accelerated rate. EP rubber lifetime estimated from sequential aging test had a tendency to extend beyond that from simultaneous aging test, while CSM lifetime estimated from both ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The effects of gate and drain bias stresses on thin film transistors fabricated in polysilicon films crystallized using the advanced sequential lateral solidification excimer laser annealing (SLS ELA) process, which yields very elongated polysilicon grains and allows the fabrication of TFTs without grain boundary barriers to current flow, are investigated as a function of the active layer thickness and of the TFT orientation relative to the grains. The application of hot carrier stress, with a condition of V{sub GS} = V{sub DS}/2, was determined to induce threshold voltage, subthreshold swing and transconductance degradation for TFTs in thicker polysilicon films and the associated stress-induced increase in the active layer trap density was evaluated. However, this device degradation was drastically reduced for TFTs fabricated in ultra-thin films. Furthermore, the application of the same stress condition to TFTs oriented vertically to the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The depositional environments of the Mesaverde Group of the Piceance Creek basin in northwestern Colorado have determined the basic morphology and characteristics of the tight gas sands reservoirs in the three Multi-Well Experiment wells. The three morphologies, in ascending stratigraphic order, are a blanket type of reservoir (marine to shoreline environment), a lenticular type of reservoir (the paludal and coastal zones of the lower and upper delta plain), and an irregular tabular/elongate reservoir produced by meandering fluvial systems. Internal reservoir discontinuities vary among these types of reservoirs, but consist primarily of permeability barriers and conduits caused by shale breaks and fractures. 10 references, 5 figures.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The radiation degradation behavior of three commercial polyvinyl chloride (PVC) materials has been investigated. All three exhibit an interesting reversal in the trend of the tensile strength part way through the aging experiment: the tensile strength first drops, then rises. The early drop is associated with oxidative scission; the rise is associated with crosslinking and is preceded by the material reaching the gel point. It was also found that the tensile elongation tended to level out in advanced stages of aging with the levelling-out values dependent on the dose rate. These phenomena pose complications for the design of accelerated aging tests. (author).

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Density oscillations induced by MHD activities were observed in NBI heated plasmas on CHS by using an HCN laser interferometer. The accompanied changes of the density profiles were also observed. The oscillations are composition of m=0 sawteeth like crash and m=2 sinusoidal oscillations as a post courser of the crash. Possible models of the oscillation structure are examined in order to explain experimental data of the interferometer. Rotating plasma core, which is hollow profile and keeps constant elongation of the flux surface can explain amplitude and phase distribution of the sinusoidal oscillation. (author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Both microstructural graded and homogenous single-phase #alpha#-Sialon is obtained from Si_3N_4 powder for a broad range of compositions of practical interest. Elongated grains of #alpha#-Sialon could be developed in the monophase material by controlled mechanism of nucleation and growth. Tailoring of microstructure was realized through slow transformation reaction from Si_3N_4 to #alpha#-Sialon at lower temperature than sintering temperature when the composition is near the #alpha#-Sialon phase boundary. The mechanical properties are strongly correlated with the microstructure and are enhanced greatly in the optimized Sialon composition. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Soil dressing on coal ash reclaimed land is a covering to use the land for agriculture. This study was carried out to find out the necessary depth of soil covering the ash layer in order to have normal crop growth. Two kinds of crops, Japanese radish, and rakkyo were planted in cover soil on the fly ash packed in wooden boxe (90 cm x 90 cm x 90 cm). Depths of cover soil were 20 cm, 30 cm, 40 cm and 50 cm. The results were summarized as follows: growth and yield of Japanese radish and rakkyo were increased with increasing depth of cover soil; root development of Japanese radish was inhibited at the lower coal ash layer. Main root length and edible root length of Japanese radish were decreased with decreasing depth of cover soil; boron and molybdenum contents in the plants remarkably increased with decreasing depth of cover soil. This may be due to the absorption of these elements from fly ash layer; it is concluded that ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A series of lab and greenhouse studies were undertaken to understand how Cu and Zn toxicity influences Bromus carinatus (Hook and Arn.) growth, to what degree an organic amendment (yard waste compost) may reduce Cu and Zn bioavailability in Cu-Zn minespoil and promote plant growth in combination with fertilizer, and how the vertical distribution of compost in the minespoil influences rooting depth. Root Cu and Zn toxicity thresholds were determined to be 1 mg L"-"1 and 10 mg L"-"1 in solution, respectively. The compost amendment had exceptionally high Cu and Zn binding capacities (0.17 and 0.08 g metal g C"-"1, for Cu and Zn, respectively) that were attributed to high compost humic and fulvic acid concentrations. Maximum plant biomass was achieved when minespoil was amended with compost and fertilizer in combination. Fertilizer alone had no effect on plant growth. Mixing compost into the minespoil was essential to promote adequate ...

Science.gov (United States)

An asymptomatic pink discoloration of a maxillary right fourth premolar tooth was discovered during a routine oral examination on a 9 year-old Belgian Malinois dog. A radiolucent lesion was seen in the pulpal chamber on radiographic examination. The lesion had perforated the mesiobuccal root of the tooth. The primary differential diagnosis was idiopathic internal resorption. The tooth was treated by partial resection (removal of the mesiobuccal root and associated crown). A vital pulpotomy and amalgam restoration was performed on the remaining tooth structure. A follow-up 1 year later demonstrated a successful treatment outcome. The animal was asymptomatic and able to perform military duties. Clinical and radiographic signs of healing were evident and the tooth was functional. PMID:10518874

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

["1"4C]Cadaverine was applied to leaves of Lupinus polyphyllus, L. albus, L. angustifolius, L. perennis, L. mutabilis, L. pubescens, and L. hartwegii and it was preferentially incorporated into lupanine. In Lupinus arboreus sparteine was the main labelled alkaloid, in L. hispanicus it was lupanine. A pulse chase experiment with L. angustifolius and L. arboreus showed that the incorporation of cadaverine into lupanine and sparteine was transient with a maximum between 8 and 20 h. Only leaflets and chlorophyllous petioles showed active alkaloid biosynthesis, whereas no incorporation of cadaverine into lupanine was observed in roots. Using in vitro organ cultures of Lupinus polyphyllus, L. succulentus, L. subcarnosus, Cytisus scoparius and Laburnum anagyroides the inactivity of roots was confirmed. Therefore, the green aerial parts are the major site of alkaloid biosynthesis in lupins and in other legumes. (orig.).

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This paper reports the use of molecular methods to characterize the coprophilous fungal communities (CFC) that inhabit the dung of four species of mammalian herbivores at two sites, Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge (SNWR) in New Mexico and Wind Cave National Park (WCNP) in South Dakota. Results reveal that CFC from domesticated cattle (Bos taurus) at SNWR, and bison (Bison bison) and black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) at WCNP were diverse but dominated primarily by members within eight taxonomic orders, including the rarely cultured and anaerobic order Neocallimastigales. In addition, 7.7% (138 of 1,788) of the sequences obtained from all dung samples were at least 97% similar to root-associated fungal (RAF) sequences previously described from blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Labelling of "1"4C-M-ISP and its absorption, translocation and distribution in peanut and soybean seedling were studied. The results of experiments showed that the radioactive substance could be translocated in xylem and phloem of two kinds of plants. The root of peanut seedling absorbed "1"4C-M-ISP from the nutrient solution more strong than the root of soybean seedling did. After leaf treatment with "1"4C-M-ISP, the soybean seedling absorbed more radioactive substance than peanut seedling did. But the translocation's speed of radioactive substance in pnloem of two kinds of plants were similar.

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IntroductionThe elimination of microorganisms from the root canal system necessitates the use of combination of irrigating solutions to enhance their antimicrobial property. The combination of irrigants and their interaction sometimes could be detrimental to the outcome of the root canal therapy. The purposes of this study were (1) to evaluate the interaction between 7% maleic acid (MA) and 2% chlorhexidine gluconate solution (CHX) and to find out the availability of individual irrigant and (2) to determine the free available chlorine content when 7% MA was mixed with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution. MethodsInteraction between MA and CHX was assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Available chlorine content in NaOCl was evaluated by the standard iodine/thiosulfate tit...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A phytase gene (phyA), isolated from Aspergillus ficuum (AF537344), was introduced into cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation to increase the phosphorus (P) acquisition efficiency of cotton. Southern and Northern blot analyses showed that the phyA was successfully incorporated into the cotton genome and expressed in transgenic lines. After growing for 45?days with phytate (Po) as the only P source, the shoot and root dry weights of the transgenic plants all increased by nearly 2.0-fold relative to those of wild-type plants, but were similar to those of transgenic plants supplied with inorganic phosphorus. The phytase activities of root extracts prepared from transgenic plants were 2.4- to 3.6-fold higher than those from wild-type plants, and the extracellu...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) is a very useful technique for recovering bioactive molecules from natural materials using subcritical compressed liquid water in the temperature range of 50-150degreeC. A novel process has been developed for making a natural sweetener from licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) roots involving selective chemical reaction and easy separation, for recovering mono-ammonium glycyrrhizate (MAG) using hot water with dissolved ammonia and pressurized with carbon dioxide. The performance of the novel PHWE process has been evaluated to ascertain the optimum process parameters to maximize the recovery of MAG by varying the parameters, such as temperature (30-120degreeC), pressure (1-10atm), extraction time (60-120min), water-to-feed ratio (20-40ml/g), number of stages...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Time-resolved characterizations of electron beams using optical transition radiation (OTR) as a prompt conversion mechanism have recently been extended on the Los Alamos Free-electron Laser (FEL) facility 40-MeV linac. Two key timescales for rf-linac driven FELs are the micropulse (10 ps) and the macropulse (5 {mu}s to 1 ms). In the past we have used gated, intensified cameras to select a single or few micropulses (25 to 400 ns gate width) out of the pulse train to evaluate submacropulse effects. Recently, we have obtained some of the first measurements of micropulse bunch length (7 to 10 ps) and submacropulse spatial position and profile using OTR and a Hamamatsu streak camera. Additionally, micropulse elongation effects and head-to-tail transverse kicks are reported as a function of charge.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The influence of electron-beam irradiation on mechanical properties of commercial multilayer flexible packaging materials based on coextruded and laminated polypropylene (PP), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), irradiated with doses up to 120 kGy, was studied. The tensile strength and elongation at break of the irradiated PET/PP film increase, while the penetration and sealing resistance decreased. In addition, the irradiated PET/LDPE/EVOH/LDPE film presented increase in the tensile strength on some radiation doses and decrease of the penetration and sealing resistance, except for sealing resistance at radiation dose of 15 kGy that resulted in a slight increase of ca 4%.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

By means of the light microscopy and by the measurement of the mechanical properties one investigated into the phase composition and the properties of Al-Mg-Ce and Al-Mg-Y system alloys. One plotted the isothermal cross sections of the mentioned systems under 430 and 275 deg C temperatures at up to 16% magnesium concentration and up to 0.7% yttrium concentration. One determined the yield limit and strength, the relative elongation of Al-Mg base hardened and deformed alloys containing 7.0-9.9% Mg and Ce, Y, Mn, Zr dopes upon ageing under 175, 200, 250 and 300 deg C temperatures within the ageing time ensuring the hardening maximum effect

Science.gov (United States)

A separation phenomenon occurring during the Charpy impact test of API X80 pipeline steels was investigated in the present study. A detailed microstructural analysis of fractured impact specimens showed that the band structure of bainite elongated along the rolling direction worked as prior initiation sites for separations, and that the number and length of the separations increased with the increasing volume fraction of bainite. In the steels having high work hardenability, tearing-shaped separations were found because the hammer-impacted region was seriously hardened during the impact test, which led to the reduction in the impact toughness. As the test temperature decreased, the tendency toward separations increased, but separations were not found when the cleavage fracture prevailed at very low temperatures. These findings suggested that the formation of bainite and secondary phases should be minimized for preventing or minimizing separations, because ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

AISI 316L stainless steel was welded by the electron beam (EB) and laser techniques. Microstructural characteristics, hardness profile, creep rupture properties and creep damage of the welds were investigated. Fully austenitic microstructure was obtained in the two welds. The solidification structure of the welds consisted of the cellular and equiaxed dendrites. The creep rupture lives of the two welds were almost the same, and they were reduced by a factor of about two compared to the base metal. Moreover, the rupture elongation of the welds was lower than that of the base metal. Creep damage was observed in the ``parting`` region of the welds and in the heat-affected zone (HAZ), respectively. Final creep fracture occurred in the ``parting`` region of the welds. (orig.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The PERMCAT is a membrane reactor proposed for processing fusion reactor plasma exhaust gas: tritium removal is obtained by isotopic swamping operating in counter-current mode. In this work, a membrane reactor using a permeator tube of length about 500 mm produced via diffusion welding of Pd-Ag thin foils is described. An appropriate mechanical design of the membrane module has been developed in order to avoid any significant compressive and bending stresses on the very long and thin wall permeator tube: two expanded bellows have been applied to the Pd-Ag tube, so that it has been pre-tensioned before operating. The elongation of the metal permeator under hydrogenation has been theoretically estimated and experimentally verified for properly designing the membrane reactor.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Time-resolved characterizations of electron beams using optical transition radiation (OTR) as a prompt conversion mechanism have recently been extended on the Los Alamos Free-electron Laser (FEL) facility 40-MeV linac. Two key timescales for rf-linac driven FELs are the micropulse (10 ps) and the macropulse (5 [mu]s to 1 ms). In the past we have used gated, intensified cameras to select a single or few micropulses (25 to 400 ns gate width) out of the pulse train to evaluate submacropulse effects. Recently, we have obtained some of the first measurements of micropulse bunch length (7 to 10 ps) and submacropulse spatialposition and profile using OTR and a Hamamatsu streak camera. Additionally, micropulse elongation effects and head-to-tail transverse kick effects are reported as a function of charge.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Effect of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fiber and poly(methyl acrylate) grafted OPEFB on several mechanical properties of poly(vinyl chloride)/epoxidized natural rubber (PVC/ENR) blends were studied. The composites were prepared by mixing the fiber and the PVC/ENR blends using HAKEE Rheomixer at the rotor speed of 50 rpm, mixing temperature 150degreeC, and mixing period of 20 min. The fiber loadings were varied from 0 to 30% and the effect of fiber content in the composites on their ultimate tensile strength (UTS), Youngs modulus, elongation at break, flexural modulus, hardness, and impact strength were determined. An increasing trend was observed in the Youngs modulus, flexural modulus, and hardness with the addition of grafted and ungrafted fiber to the PVC/ENR blends. However the i...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A fully lamellar ferrite/cementite nanostructure was designed in a low C steel by using a specific thermal treatment. The strengthening of such microstructure has been investigated as a function of prestrain by rolling up to a deformation of 300%. As in usual pearlitic structure, its work-hardening shows no saturation and its elongation to fracture remains rather constant instead of decreasing drastically as conventional steels. The hardening by a similitude effect is thus not the privilege of pearlitic steels. Nevertheless, its lower initial work-hardening rate at low strain compared to an equivalent pearlitic steel and a lower hardening potential at high strain let us suspect major differences in the nature and the behaviour of ferrite channels in relation to the morphogenesis of the mic...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Using the peptide hormone glucagon and Ab(1-40) as model systems, we have sought to elucidate the mechanisms by which fibrils grow and multiply. We here present real-time observations of growing fibrils at a single-fibril level. Growing from preformed seeds, glucagon fibrils were able to generate new fibril ends by continuously branching into new fibrils. To our knowledge, this is the first time amyloid fibril branching has been observed in real-time. Glucagon fibrils formed by branching always grew in the forward direction of the parent fibril with a preferred angle of 35-40degree. Furthermore, branching never occurred at the tip of the parent fibril. In contrast, in a previous study by some of us, Ab(1-40) fibrils grew exclusively by elongation of preformed seeds. Fibrillation kinetics i...

CERN Document Server

Proteinaceous aggregation occurs through self-assembly-- a process not entirely understood. In a recent article [1], an analytical theory for amyloid fibril growth via secondary rather than primary nucleation was presented. Remarkably, with only a single kinetic parameter, the authors were able to unify growth characteristics for a variety of experimental data. In essence, they seem to have uncovered the underlying allometric laws governing the evolution of filament elongation simply from two coupled non-linear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) stemming from a master equation. While this work adds significantly to our understanding of filament self-assembly, it required an approximate analytical solution representation. Here, we show that the same results are found by purely numerical means once a straightforward and reliable numerical solution to the set of ODEs has been established.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A ferritic steel with finely dispersed precipitates was investigated to reveal the fundamental strengthening mechanisms. The steel has a yield strength of 760MPa, approximately three times higher than that of conventional Ti-bearing high strength hot-rolled sheet steels, and its ultimate tensile strength reaches 850MPa with an elongation-to-failure value of 18%. Using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) and transmission electron microscope (TEM), fine carbides TiC with an average diameter of 10nm were observed in the ferrite matrix of the 0.08%Ti steel, and some cubic M23C6 precipitates were also observed at the grain boundaries and the interior of the grains. The finely dispersed TiC precipitates in the matrix provide matrix strengthening. The estimated magnitude of precipitation ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The research work carried out on mutation breeding in Egypt during the 1980s is summarized. Several mutations have been developed in bread wheat, maize, rice and barley. A higher yield, tolerance to salinity, shorter types and earliness were obtained after use of different mutagens and growth regulators. Great attention has been paid to the fababean and chickpea, particularly in improving their quality and quantity of protein, and their resistance to insect weevils such as Callosobruchus sp. Tolerance or resistance to broom rape has also been reported. Various grain legumes such as lentil, pea, cowpea, bean, fenugreek and lupin received some attention. Mutation work on fibre crops such as cotton, kenaf and flax has led to some promising results. Zero type, glandless and early maturing mutants were obtained in cotton, and early flowering, high yielding (fibre or oil) mutants in flax. Some attention has been given to oil crops such as sesame, rapeseed, peanuts, ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The disposal of municipal solid waste in an environmentally sound manner is a major problem worldwide. The composting of the organic fraction of refuse transforms it into soil amendment that can be recycled on agricultural lands. In order to promote the use of compost among farmers, agronomic investigations have to evaluate the impact of its use on soil properties and plant growth. In a greenhouse experiment, a sample of locally produced compost was applied to a sandy clay soil at rates equivalent to 0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 t/ha with supplemental addition of NH_4 NO_3 at levels equivalent to 0, 25, 50 and 100 Kg N/ha. Barley (Hordium vulgare L.) and corn (Zea mays L. indentata) were grown as indicator crops and soil properties were determined over a period of 150 days. Plant growth was affected by N starvation until the compost was stabilized in the soil. Nitrogen starvation persisted for a longer period with increasing applications of compost. Supplemental ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A container experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that uncomposted wool wastes could be used as nutrient source and growth medium constituent for container-grown plants. The treatments were: (1) rate of wool-waste application (0 or unamended control, 20, 40, 80, and 120 g of wool per 8-in. pot), (2) growth medium constituents [(2.1) wool plus perlite, (2.2) wool plus peat, and (2.3) wool plus peat plus perlite], and (3) plant species (basil and Swiss chard). A single addition of 20, 40, 80, or 120 g of wool-waste to Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris L.) and basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) in pots with growth medium provided four harvests of Swiss chard and five harvests of basil. Total basil yield from the five harvests was 1.6-5 times greater than the total yield from the unamended control, while total Swiss chard yield from the four harvests was 2-5 times greater relative to the respective unamended control. The addition of wool-waste to the growth medium increased Swiss chard and ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Transition rates for electrons in the superheavy elements Z = 114, 126, 134, 145, 164 and 173 are calculated. K, L and M-shells are considerd as final states. The 2s - 1s stransition of multipolarity M1 is dominant for Z = 173 with a transition time of 10"-"1"8s. The radial expectation values and #sq root# are given. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A tissue culture process, organogenesis, is described which involves the stepwise production of a shoot apex, which grows to have leaves and stem and finally roots, culminating in the production of a complete plant. The production and subsequent development of numerous adventitious shoots, preferably from adult tree tissues offers the greatest potential for commercial cloned plantlet production. The process describes these steps for Pinus taeda, the loblolly pine. (Refs. 25).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Technetium transfer from soil to edible parts of various agricultural plants is studied with application of the "9"5"mTc radioactive tracer. The samples of agricultural plants were grown on andesol typical for Japan soil. The technetium transfer factor to edible parts of cultivated lettuce was higher as compared to non foliate cultures. Relative low transfer factor were observed for fruit and pod like plants. the transfer factors for root crops were of intermediate value

CERN Document Server

We prove that the density of a topologically nontrivial, area-minimizing hypercone with an isolated singularity must be greater than the square root of 2. The Simons' cones show that this is the best possible constant. If one of the components of the complement of the cone has nontrivial kth homotopy group, we prove a better bound in terms of k; that bound is also best possible. The proofs use mean curvature flow.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

SUMMARYWe recorded Ca²⁺ current and intracellular Ca²⁺ ([Ca²⁺]_i) in isolated adult rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons at 20 and...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Two millimeter long secondary root tips of etiolated mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) plants were given 4 minute consecutive treatments of darkness, red light, far red light, and acetylcholine...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The magnetic #beta#-spectrometer of the #pi# #sq root#2 type with 0.07% pulse resolution is used to measure the intensities of interval conversion electrons on L- and M-subshells of 70.45 keV "1"7"7 Ta gamma-transition. The results are analyzed and the values of mixing parameter #sigma#(E2/M1) and penetration parameter #lambda# are obtained.

CERN Document Server

We determine the structure of the total homology groups of exotic Springer fibers as affine Weyl group representations. As applications, we provide single top/socle property of standard modules in the exotic Deligne-Langlands correspondence (except for root of unity case), an analogue of Verma's theorem, the coincidence of analytic/geometric gradings in the $C ^{\\infty}$-realization of anti-spherical modules of graded Hecke algebras of type $\\mathsf{BC}$ with unequal parameters, among others.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The proliferation of 'botnets,' phishing schemes, denial-of-service attacks, root kits, and other cyber attack schemes designed to capture a system or network creates a climate of concern for system administrators, especially for those managing accelerator and large experimental-physics facilities, as they are very public targets. This paper will describe the steps being taken at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) to protect the infrastructure of the overall network with emphasis on security for the APS control system.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

G6PD activity was assayed in 20 Sardinian heterozygotes for G6PD deficiency and related to that of LDH and MDH. One of these heterozygotes showed a deficient phenotype in all her follicles, while the...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

References covering the years 1904-80 are listed under the following headings: cultivation and occurrence (India and Pakistan, Africa, South America, Pacific, Middle East); Taxonomy, morphology, variation and selection; Reference works and reviews; Ecology of Prosopis (General effects on surrounding soil and vegetation): Physiology (General, Roots, Growth, Hydrology, Saline tolerance); Control of mesquite: Propagation (Germination and other nursery techniques, Vegetative propagation): and Utilization (General, Chemical analyses, Food and Ethnobiology, Fodder, Wood, Charcoal, Gum, Paper). 141 references.

CERN Multimedia

The World Wide Web has its historical roots in things such as the creation of the telegraph, the launching of the Sputnik and more, but it really all started in March 1989, when Tim Berners-Lee, a computer scientist at CERN in Geneva wrote a paper called Information Management: A proposal

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Biodegradable and green plastics are the new tendency in the world. The effect of the electron beam irradiation in aromatic aliphatic copolyester and the blend with corn starch films (Ecoflex{sup R} and Ecobras{sup R}) were studied by tensile strength at break, elongation at break, Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), crosslinking degree and biodegradability. The measurements in both, the machine direction and the transverse direction were made for mechanical tests. It was found that, the electron irradiation caused an increase in the strength at break of the blend with corn starch film, when doses of up to 10 kGy were applied. A significant decrease of the elongation at break of the blend with corn starch was observed at doses of 10 kGy and 40 kGy. It was not found important change in tensile properties for aromatic aliphatic copolyester. Structural ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Eukaryotic genomes encode a zinc finger protein (ZPR1) with tandem ZPR1 domains. In response to growth stimuli, ZPR1 assembles into complexes with eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1A (eEF1A) and the survival motor neurons protein. To gain insight into the structural mechanisms underlying the essential function of ZPR1 in diverse organisms, we determined the crystal structure of a ZPR1 domain tandem and characterized the interaction with eEF1A. The ZPR1 domain consists of an elongation initiation factor 2-like zinc finger and a double-stranded {beta} helix with a helical hairpin insertion. ZPR1 binds preferentially to GDP-bound eEF1A but does not directly influence the kinetics of nucleotide exchange or GTP hydrolysis. However, ZPR1 efficiently displaces the exchange factor eEF1B from preformed nucleotide-free complexes, suggesting that it may function as a negative regulator of eEF1A activation. Structure-based mutational and ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Locomotion is a complex behavior affected by many different brain- and spinal cord systems, as well as by variations in the peripheral nervous system. Recently, we found increased gene expression for EphA4, a gene intricately involved in motor neuron development, between high-active parental strain C57BL/6J and the low-active chromosome substitution strain 1 (CSS1). CSS1 mice carry chromosome 1 from A/J mice in a C57BL/6J genetic background, allowing localization of quantitative trait loci (QTL) on chromosome 1. To find out whether differences in motor neuron anatomy, possibly related to the changes in EphA4 expression, are involved in the motor activity differences observed in these strains, motor performance in various behavioral paradigms and anatomical differences in the ventral roots ...

Science.gov (United States)

High salinity is one of the main factors limiting cotton growth and productivity. The genes that regulate salt stress in TM-1 upland cotton were monitored using microarray and real-time PCR (RT-PCR) with samples taken from roots. Microarray analysis showed that 1503 probe sets were up-regulated and 1490 probe sets were down-regulated in plants exposed for 3h to 100mM NaCl, and RT-PCR analysis validated 42 relevant/related genes. The distribution of enriched gene ontology terms showed such important processes as the response to water stress and pathways of hormone metabolism and signal transduction were induced by the NaCl treatment. Some key regulatory gene families involved in abiotic and biotic sources of stress such as WRKY, ERF, and JAZ were differentially expressed. Our transcriptome analysis might provide some useful insights into salt-mediated signal transduction pathways in cotton and offer a number of candidate genes as potential markers of tolerance to ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Agrostis capillaris (Agrostis) and Calluna vulgaris (Calluna), two species with differing phenologies and widespread presence in upland areas of Britain where high Chernobyl fallout occurred, were grown in pot culture with varying concentrations of potassium in the rooting medium. Tissue content of potassium increased with increasing supply in both species. Roots, excised from these plants, were placed in a solution of "1"3"7Cs-labelled caesium chloride for 15 min to determine uptake potential. There were clear negative relationships between the rate of uptake of "1"3"7Cs by both species and (a) the concentration of potassium supplied and (b) plant issue potassium concentrations. With Agrotis, there was an approximately ten-fold difference in "1"3"7Cs uptake between potassium-deficient and optimum plants; with Calluna, it was approximately eight-fold. These results demonstrate the suppression of "1"3"7Cs uptake into plants by potassium supply. ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The economic attractiveness and negative environmental impact of nitrogen (N) fertilization in pastures depend on the N use efficiency in the soil-plant system. However, the recovery of urea-"1"5N by Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania pastures, one of the most widely used forage species in intensified pastoral systems, is still unknown. This experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four treatments (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg ha-1 of N-urea) and three replications, to determine the recovery of "1"5N urea by Tanzania grass. Forage production, total N content and N yield were not affected by fertilization (p > 0.05), reflecting the high losses of applied N under the experimental conditions. The recovery of "1"5N urea (% of applied N) in forage and roots was not affected by fertilization levels (p > 0.05), but decreased exponentially in the soil and soil-plant system (p < 0.05) with increasing urea doses. The amount of "1"5N (kg ha"-"1) in ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The energy E(c/a) for a bcc element stretched along its [001] axis (the Bain path) has a minimum at c/a=1, a maximum at c/a=#sq root#(2), and an elastically unstable local minimum at c/a>#sq root#(2). An alternative path connecting the bcc and fcc structures is the rhombohedral lattice. The primitive lattice has R3m symmetry, with the angle #alpha# changing from 109.4 deg. (bcc), to 90 deg. (simple cubic), to 60 deg. (fcc). We study this path for the non-magnetic bcc transition metals (V, Nb, Mo, Ta, and W) using both all-electron linearized augmented plane wave and projector augmented wave VASP codes. Except for Ta, the energy E(#alpha#) has a local maximum at #alpha#=60 deg., with local minima near 55 deg. and 70 deg., the latter having lower energy, suggesting the possibility of a metastable rhombohedral state for these materials. We first examine the elastic stability of the 70 deg. minimum structure, and determine that only W is ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Protocols were standardized for in vitro propagation of several elite and diverse banana accessions using shoot tip explants. Tissue culture raised plants were field planted at multiple locations. Studies were undertaken for the induction of mutations using multiple shoot cultures of six selected cultivars, Shreemanti (AAA), Basrai (AAA), Lal Kela (AAA), Rasthali (AAB), Karibale Monthan (ABB) and a wild diploid (BB). These shoot cultures were irradiated at different doses of gamma rays (0-100 Gy) and subcultured thrice (up to M_1V_3) to separate shimeras, followed by induction of rooting (M_1V_4). In general, the rate of multiplication had a negative association with the dose of gamma rays. Enhanced multiplication of shoots was noticed at lower doses. The proliferation of shoots was arrested beyond 50 Gy and a dose of 70 Gy was completely lethal for all the genotypes studied. The rooted plantlets were hardened in the green house and in the ...

Science.gov (United States)

The aim of present study was to evaluate antioxidant property of Glycyrrhiza glabra root extracts using in vitro models. The dose-dependent aqueous and ethanolic extracts demonstrated the scavenging activity against nitric oxide (concentration that caused 50% inhibition of nitric oxide radicals [IC(50)]=72 and 62.1 microg/ml, respectively), superoxide (IC(50)=64.2 and 38.4 microg/ml, respectively), hydroxyl (IC(50)=81.9 and 63 microg/ml, respectively), DPPH (IC(50)=43.6 and 28.3 microg/ml, respectively) and ABTS(*+) (IC(50)=77.3 and 57.2 microg/ml, respectively) radicals. Further, both extracts showed strong reducing power and iron-chelating capacities. In the Fe(2+)/ascorbate system, both extracts were found to inhibit mitochondrial fraction lipid peroxidation. In copper-catalyzed human serum and low-density lipoprotein oxidation models, both extracts significantly (P<0.05) lengthened the lag phase along with a decline in the oxidation rate, conjugated dienes, ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The efficacy of gamma irradiation as a method of decontamination for food and herbal materials is well established. In the present study, Glycyrrhiza glabra roots were irradiated at doses 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 kGy in a cobalt-60 irradiator. The irradiated and un-irradiated control samples were evaluated for phenolic contents, antimicrobial activities and DPPH scavenging properties. The result of the present study showed that radiation treatment up to 20 kGy does not affect the antifungal and antibacterial activity of the plant. While sample irradiated at 25 kGy does showed changes in the antibacterial activity against some selected pathogens. No significant differences in the phenolic contents were observed for control and samples irradiated at 5, 10 and 15 kGy radiation doses. However, phenolic contents increased in samples treated with 20 and 25 kGy doses. The DPPH scavenging activity significantly (p<0.05) increased in all irradiated samples of the plant.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The effect of the external pH on the intracellular pH in mung bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) root-tip cells was investigated with the "3"1P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method. The "3"1P NMR spectra showed three peaks caused by cytoplasmic G-6-P, cytoplasmic Psub(i) and vacuolar Psub(i). The cytoplasmic and vacuolar pHs could be determined by comparing the Psub(i) chemical shifts with the titration curve. When the external pH was changed over a range from pH 3 to 10, the cytoplasmic pH showed smaller changes than the vacuolar pH, suggesting that the former is regulated more strictly than the latter. The H"+-ATPase inhibitor, DCCD, caused the breakdown of the mechanism that regulates the intracellular pH. H"+-ATPase appears to have an important part in the regulation of the intracellular pH. (author).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The difference of NH_4"+-N/NO_3"--N nutrition between hybrid and conventional rice varieties at the late growth stage was studied by using "1"5N-tracer technique. The results showed that the nitrate fertilizer utilization efficiency by the hybrid rice after anthesis was 7.8% higher than that by the ordinary rice variety, and the nitrate fertilizer recovery fraction by the former was 13.2% greater than that by the latter. The varietal difference in NO_3"--N uptake and utilization was almost twice as that in NH_4"+-N. It was also showed that "1"5N distribution in ear of the hybrid rice was about 20% greater than that of the conventional variety, but there were no obvious differences between NO_3"--N and NH_4"+-N. However, "1"5N distribution in the lower node leaves and root was found to be significant higher with NO_3"--N than that with NH_4"+-N in both rice varieties, particularly in the hybrid rice. Compared with NH_4"+-N, NO_3"--N top-dressing before anthesis was ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper describes the Brown and Root`s BARBOX, an alternative, purpose-built, deep-draft monohull system for floating production, storage, and offloading (FPSO). This alternative system concept has been designed for worldwide applications including the North Sea and the Gulf of Mexico environments. The stiffened flat plate construction of the BARBOX gives it a low capital investment cost relative to minimum water plane hull types (e.g., semi-submersible, SPAR, TLP) and ship-shaped FPSO. Dynamic motion comparison between the BARBOX and the ship-shaped FPSO indicates that the BARBOX`s motion characteristics are similar or better than those of comparable ship-shaped FPSO configurations. This paper also considers construction of the BARBOX hull in the Gulf of Mexico region. A recent study indicated that the Gulf coast fabrication yards were technically capable to fabricate the BARBOX hull and they could be cost competitive against worldwide shipyards.

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The water culture experiment of Houttuynia cordata of the medicinal plant was carried out, and basic study on {sup 137}Cs accumulation characteristic and internal circulation in H. cordata in the fruiting stage was investigated since the flowering season. H. cordata accumulated 80% of {sup 137}Cs absorbed unlike K to the root, rhizome, terminal bud of the underground part for the rhizome reproduction. {sup 137}Cs content to the young leaf, spike, involucre increased in the flowering season. Thereafter, {sup 137}Cs was recirculated to the developing organs in second generations such as the rhizome and bud. (author)

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Physicists are no strangers to Feynman diagrams, but the meaning of the diagrams is not always clear, even to those who have used them. That confusion has deep roots, as Kaiser clearly and convincingly explains. To Feynman himself, a diagram depicted an actual physical process in space-time, such as the exchange of photons that occurs when an electron and proton collide. However, he also saw it as shorthand for the contributions to the amplitude of a physical process made by the element of the process it depicted. The best part of this new book covers the early history, social history and 'conceptual history' of Feynman diagrams. Disagreements and criticisms aside, the book will be invaluable to historians and sociologists of physics interested in the growth of Feynman diagrams. (U.K.)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The symbiotic polychaetes of the genus Osedax living on the bones of whale carcasses have become known as bone-eating worms. It is believed that whale bones are the source of nutrition for those gutless worms and that fatty acids are produced by their symbionts and transferred to the host. However, the symbionts are of the heterotrophic group Oceanospirillales and as such are not able to synthesize organic carbon de novo. Also, they are not housed in close contact to the bone material. We studied the ultrastructure of the integument overlying the symbiont housing trophosome in the ovisac region and the roots region and of the symbiont-free trunk region of Osedax to investigate the hosts possible contribution in feeding for the whole symbiosis. The epidermis differs conspicuously between th...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract This paper proposes and analyses the autoregressive conditional root (ACR) time-series model. This multivariate dynamic mixture autoregression allows for non-stationary epochs. It proves to be an appealing alternative to existing nonlinear models, e.g. the threshold autoregressive or Markov switching class of models, which are commonly used to describe nonlinear dynamics as implied by arbitrage in presence of transaction costs. Simple conditions on the parameters of the ACR process and its innovations are shown to imply geometric ergodicity, stationarity and existence of moments. Furthermore, consistency and asymptotic normality of the maximum likelihood estimators are established. An application to real exchange rate data illustrates the analysis.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The origin of life is a long-standing mystery puzzling many people. This mystery possesses not only philosophical but also important biological significance. To unveil this mystery, the searches for the root of life, or the last universal common ancestor (LUCA), based on comparative-genomic analysis have been intensively performed on rRNAs, tRNAs and proteins sequences. The current search pointed to a Methanopyrus-proximal LUCA, which opens up the reconstruction of Lucan biology and helps to delineate the evolutionary pathways.

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The paper presents the integration of the SIMBAD space charge module in the UAL framework. SIMBAD is a Particle-in-Cell (PIC) code. Its 3-D Parallel approach features an optimized load balancing scheme based on a genetic algorithm. The UAL framework enhances the SIMBAD standalone version with the interactive ROOT-based analysis environment and an open catalog of accelerator algorithms. The composite package addresses complex high intensity beam dynamics and has been developed as part of the FAIR SIS 100 project.

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The central nervous system is involved in 10-20% of cases in Lyme disease. The neurological symptoms, time course of the disease and imaging findings are multifaceted. We report two patients with cervical radiculitis. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed strong enhancement of the cervical nerve roots on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images. These imaging patterns of borrelia-associated radiculitis have not been reported before. Knowledge of these imaging features may help to diagnose neuroborreliosis, which presents with non-specific symptoms. (orig.)

CERN Document Server

Discrete Euclidian Spaces (DESs) are the beginning of a journey without return towards the discretization of mathematics. Important mathematical concepts- such as the idea of number or the systems of numeration, whose formal definition is currently independent of Euclidean spaces -have in the Isodimensional Discrete Mathematics (IDM) their roots in the DESs. This mathematics, which arises largely from the discretization of traditional mathematics, presents its foundations and concepts differently from the orthodox way, so at first glance it may seem that the IDM could be an exotic tool, or perhaps just "a simple curiosity." However, the IDM dis-crete approaches have a great theoretical repercussion on traditional mathematics.

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A considerable time can elapse between initial selection of candidate plus trees and harvest of improved seed. The technique showing the greatest promise of shortening this interval is vegetative propagation. Stock plants are grown for two years from seed before the first propagation cycle begins and each plant can be bulked-up 300-500 times over two cycles. An initial stock of 2500 superior Sitka Spruce plants can be multiplied to yield between 300,000 and 750,000 rooted cuttings for forest use within four years from the start of propagation.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A study was undertaken to determine experimentally the uptake of pollutants into of the different parts of the water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) found in 'Jose Antonio Alzate' dam in the State of Mexico, Mexico. There is evidence for efficient and significant root accumulation of Ti, Mn, Fe, and Ba; but in the upper parts concentrations was consistently determined by the degree of watering. However, a significant input could be derived from a common generic source, such as the atmospheric deposition. The experimental study would, therefore, indicate that water hyacinth species can be highly effective in providing a control and treatment buffer for toxic discharges to the dam. (author)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A one parameter family of iterative methods for the simultaneous approximation of simple complex zeros of a polynomial, based on a cubically convergent Hansen-Patricks family, is studied. We show that the convergence of the basic family of the fourth order can be increased to five and six using Newtons and Halleys corrections, respectively. Since these corrections use the already calculated values, the computational efficiency of the accelerated methods is significantly increased. Further acceleration is achieved by applying the Gauss-Seidel approach (single-step mode). One of the most important problems in solving nonlinear equations, the construction of initial conditions which provide both the guaranteed and fast convergence, is considered for the proposed accelerated family. These cond...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A feasibility study test and 3 field trials were performed at Darlington NGS in 1996, 1999 and 2000 on ABB LP turbines. The scope of these trials was to commission in-situ automatic phased array systems capable to inspect blade roots and rotor steeples of L-0 and L-1 rows. GE disk-blade rim attachments were inspected at Bruce B nuclear station, in fall of 1999. The automated ultrasonic phased array technology is capable of high-speed rate and reliable detection and sizing. The capability demonstration was performed on mock-ups and reference blocks, using EDM notches. A custom built UT simulation software: Imagine 3D interfaces with SimScan to generates the spreadsheets/charts with target and probe coordinates and ultrasonic path and angles (refracted and skew) to hit the reference target. Examination of L-0 blade and rotor steeple grooves was performed with 2 phased array systems under networking. Data analysis was done in near-real time. Manual and automatic ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

An original dc double anode plasma torch which provides a long-time and highly stable atmospheric plasma jet has been devised for the purpose of hazardous waste treatment. The arc fluctuations and dynamic behaviour of the argon and argon-nitrogen plasma jets under different operating conditions have been investigated by means of classical tools, such as the statistic method, fast Fourier transform (FFT) and correlation analysis. In our experiments, the takeover mode is identified as the fluctuation characteristic of the argon plasma jet while the restrike mode is typical in the argon-nitrogen plasma dynamic behaviour. In the case of pure argon, the FFT and correlation calculation results of electrical signals exhibit the only characteristic frequency of 150 Hz, which originates from the torch power and is independent of any change in the operating conditions. It indicates that the nature of fluctuations in an argon plasma jet is mainly induced by the undulation of the tri-phase ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) grown Ge nanodots are found to come in a clear trimodal island distribution of huts, pyramids, and domes when grown on (001)Si at 550 deg. C. The island types appear in this order as Ge coverage increases and for a certain coverage all three types are found to coexist at this growth temperature. Previously Ge nanodots have mostly been divided into huts and domes at growth temperatures below 600 deg. C, or pyramids and domes above 600 deg. C. The (105) faceted pyramidal and elongated huts and the multifaceted domes are well known, but a distinction has not previously been seen between huts and a separate size distribution of similarly (105)-faceted pyramidal nanodots twice the size of huts, at temperatures below 600 deg. C. The 20-25 nm wide huts also appear to be the smallest obtainable self-assembled Ge dots on (001)Si, in accordance with predictions based on Si_1_-_xGe_x nanodots on (001)Si. They are about a factor of two too large ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nitrogen-rich Ca-#alpha#-sialon ceramics, prepared with CaH_2 as one of the starting powders, were compressively deformed in spark plasma sintering equipment. Compared with the oxygen-rich Ca-#alpha#-sialons, increasing onset deformation temperatures (about 150 K higher) were observed for nitrogen-rich Ca-#alpha#-sialons deformed at a rate of 2 x 10"-"3 s"-"1. High hardness (H_V_1_0 = 18-20 GPa) and toughness (K_I_C = 4-7 MPa m"1"/"2) were maintained after the deformation. Anisotropic grain growth was found to take place during deformation, resulting in anisotropic microstructures, containing coarse and elongated grains. The observed differences in deformation behaviour and properties between nitrogen-rich and oxygen-rich Ca-#alpha#-sialons are, as indicated by transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy analysis, attributed to the presence of reduced amounts of a nitrogen-rich grain-boundary glass phase.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Type 304 stainless steels (solution annealed material, cold worked material and fine grain material) were neutron irradiated to 3 x 10"2"5n/m"2 at 290degC and at 50degC. Each specimen was examined by SSRT test in high temperature water with 8 ppm dissolved oxygen and Ar gas environments. Results were as follows: (1) IASCC susceptibility of each material can be classified by 0.2% proof stress (PS) obtained from SSRT test in Ar gas: No IASCC susceptibility was observed in the PS range 850 MPa. (2) The uniform elongation (UE) in Ar gas environment decreased with increasing PS up to 800 MPa, and became about 0% in the PS range >800 MPa. (3) It was suggested that IASCC did not occur even if material had IASCC susceptibility, when under a condition that brittle fracture mechanism controls a specimen failure. (author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS) has been used, together with scanning tunnelling spectroscopy (STS), to investigate the optical and electronic properties of nanodots formed by depositing Ag on the Si(111)-3 x 1-Ag surface. One-dimensional (1D) arrays of nanodots were grown on a single-domain (3 x 1)-Ag surface and the anisotropic optical response in the 0.5-5 eV range measured by RAS. Aligned, elongated Ag islands were also grown on this surface to compare their properties with those of the nanodots. STS of the Ag islands showed distinct metallic behaviour, whereas the nanodots revealed a bandgap of #approx#0.6 eV, indicating that the surface of the dots has a non-metallic character, similar to that of the Si(111)-3 x 1-Ag surface. RAS also showed substantial differences between the structures, with a large infrared anisotropy for the metallic Ag islands consistent with anisotropic Drude-like intraband transitions, whereas the nanodots gave a negligible ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Elongate plasmodia with myxosporean spores belonging to the genus Unicapsula, Davis, 1924 were found in the skeletal muscle of the striped seabream, Lithognathus mormyrus (L.), a candidate for the mediterranean aquaculture. The only species of Unicapsula described from the Mediterranean is Unicapsula pflugfelderi Schubert et al. 1975, which occurs in the picarel, Spicara smaris (L.). For morphological and molecular comparison of U. pflugfelderi from S. smaris with Unicapsula sp. from L. mormyrus measurements of plasmodia and spores, ultrastructural details and 18S and 28S rDNA sequences were analysed. Whereas plasmodia were 2-3 times larger in S. smaris than in L. mormyrus (length 2.47-0.81 mm; width 0.22-0.09 mm; P = 0.000), spore morphology showed minor differences and both 18S ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fine-grained AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets were prepared through hot rolling process. The superplastic properties of hot-rolled AZ31 Mg alloy was examined by uniaxial tensile tests at a temperature range 250{proportional_to}450 C and strain rate range 0.7 x 10{sup -3}{proportional_to}1.4 x 10{sup -1} s{sup -1}. Optical and scanning electronic microscope (SEM) were used to observe the microstructure evolution and fracture behavior in superplastic deformation of AZ31 Mg alloy and the values of deformation activation energy at various temperatures were calculated. It is demonstrated that, the hot-rolled AZ31 alloy begins to exhibit superplasticity from 300 C and a maximum elongation of 362.5% is obtained at 400 C and 0.7 x 10{sup -3} s{sup -1}. In the temperature range 300{proportional_to}400 C, the dominant superplastic deformation mechanism is grain boundary sliding (GBS) controlled by grain boundary diffusion and the influence of temperature on the fracture behavior ...

Science.gov (United States)

Understanding the influence of interfacial structures on the nanoarchitecture mechanical properties is of particular importance for its mechanical applications. Due to a small size of constituting nanostructural units and a consequently high volume ratio of such interfacial regions, this question becomes crucial for the overall mechanical performance. Boron nitride bamboo-like nanotubes, called hereafter boron nitride nanobamboos (BNNBs), are composed of short BN nanotubular segments with specific interfaces at the bamboo-shaped joints. In this work, the mechanical properties of such structures are investigated by using direct in situ transmission electron microscopy tensile tests and molecular dynamics simulations. The mechanical properties and deformation behaviors are correlated with the interfacial structure under atomic resolution, and a geometry strengthening effect is clearly demonstrated. Due to the interlocked joint interfacial structures and compressive interfacial stresses, ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Irradiation response on the tensile properties of 9Cr-2W steels has been investigated following FFTF/MOTA irradiations at temperatures between 646 and 873 K up to doses between 10 and 59 dpa. The largest irradiation hardening accompanied by the largest decrease in the elongation is observed for the specimens irradiated at 646 K at doses between 10 and 15 dpa. The irradiation hardening appears to saturate at a dose of around 10 dpa at the irradiation temperature. No hardening but softening was observed in the specimens irradiated at above 703 K to doses of 40 and 59 dpa. Microstructural observation by transmission electron microscope (TEM) revealed that the dislocation loops with the a left angle 100 right angle type Burgers vector and small precipitates which were identified to be M_6C type carbides existed after the irradiation at below 703 K. As for the void formation, the average size of voids increased with increasing irradiation temperature from 646 to 703 K. ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ion implantation of Si (60 keV, 1x10"1"4/cm"2) has been used to introduce excess interstitials into silicon predoped with high background concentrations of B, which were varied between 1x10"1"8 and 1x10"1"9/cm"3. Following post-implantation annealing at 740 degree C for 15 min to allow agglomeration of the available interstitials into elongated #left brace#311#right brace# defects, the density of the agglomerated interstitials was determined by plan-view transmission electron microscopy observation of the defects. We report a significant reduction in the fraction of excess interstitials trapped in #left brace#311#right brace# defects as a function of boron concentration, up to nearly complete disappearance of the #left brace#311#right brace# defects at boron concentrations of 1x10"1"9/cm"3. The reduction of the excess interstitial concentration is interpreted in terms of boron-interstitial clustering, and implications for transient-enhanced diffusion of B at high ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A large amount of industrial water is used for cooling the various process fluids in the petroleum purification factories as well as petroleum chemistry factories. Consequently, a lot of heat exchangers as the necessary constitutional instruments are made of carbon steel. Due to the most of the corrosions of the carbon steel occurring in such cooling water systems are pitting corrosions, the inhibition thereof is extremely important for the elongation of the life of the plants and the stable operation. In this paper, the influences of water quality fractions on pitting corrosion of carbon steel in cooling water circumstance are examined aiming at the fouling in the cooling water. The fouling in the cooling water does not only increase the amount of occurrence of pitting corrosion but also accelerates the progress of pitting corrosion enlarging the rust due to its deposition near the anode. Since only the inhibitor is not sufficient to inhibit the pitting corrosion ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In order to enhance the mechanical properties of magnesium alloy (AZ31) sheet, an integrated sheet-making process including billet casting, extrusion and rolling was attempted. Microstructural analysis was carried out and the mechanical properties at each processing step were also investigated by tensile tests. By an extrusion process of ingot-processed billet, average grain size of billet was reduced from 91.2 to 28.2 {mu}m, and a further reduction in grain size to 16.9 {mu}m was obtained by subsequent rolling of extruded 5 mm thin slab. In the final step, a rolled sheet of 1 mm showed a remarkable refinement in grain size down to 8.8 {mu}m. Regarding mechanical properties, tensile strength and elongation for as-cast billet, as-extruded thin slab and as-rolled sheet increased from 189, 258 to 234 MPa, and from 13, 16.5 to 23%, respectively. (orig.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

MoSi_2-particulate-reinforced #alpha#-SiAlON ceramic composites 10, 20, 25, and 30 vol% were prepared by at 1,750--1,800C. The #alpha#-SiAlON matrix was of the composition (Y_0_._4_8Si_1_0_._0_0Al_2_._3_0O_1_._1_7N_1_5_._2_9). The hardness for the fully dense samples changed from HV10 = 22.5 to 15.3 GPa and the toughness from 3.2 to around 5.2 MPa#centre dot#m"1"/"2 when up to 30 vol% MoSi_2 was present. Two interesting microstructural features have been found. First, with an increasing amount of MoSi_2 a pronounced coalescence of MoSi_2 particles formed a ''dual phase'' material. The second effect was the growth of elongated #alpha#-SiAlON grains in the matrix with 10 vol% MoSi_2 added. The oxidation resistance has been determined, to be unaffected by the addition of 20 vol% MoSi_2 at 1,250 C in oxygen gas of 1 atm pressure.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

High temperature deformation behavior of AZ31 Mg alloy was investigated in this study on the basis of a processing map ({epsilon} {approx} 0.6). To construct a processing map, compression tests were carried out at various temperatures and strain rates. Two regions of high deformation efficiency ({eta}) were identified as: (1) a dynamic recrystallization (DRX) domain at 250 C and 1/s and (2) a superplasticity domain at 450 C and 10{sup -4}/s. The average grain size observed in the DRX region was considerably smaller (2.9{mu}m) than in any other region. In the superplastic condition, tensile elongation to failure approached to 1040%. At the high Z regions, flow softening occurred resulting from the dynamic recrystallization but below 10{sup 10} of Z value, flow hardening occurred due to the grain growth. Possible deformation mechanisms operating at high temperature were discussed in relation to the activation energy. A two-stage deformation method was found to be ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We report coupling and guiding of pulses of peak power up to 0.3 TW in 1.5 cm long preformed plasma waveguides generated in a high repetition rate argon gas jet. Coupling of up to 52% was measured for 50 mJ, -110 fs pulses injected at times longer than 20 ns, giving guided intensities up to -5x1016 W/cm2. It was found that for short delays between waveguide generation and pulse injection, pulse shortening occurred, with this effect reduced as delay was increased. Injection into the waveguide of two consecutive pulses separated by a few nanoseconds resulted in the reduction of shortening of the second pulse at all delays. Femtosecond time-resolved shadowgrams of the coupling of injected pulses into the waveguide show that there is ?0.5 mm of neutral gas remaining at the waveguide entrance after waveguide generation.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

For an assessment of the future US spallation neutron source (SNS) target performance, radiation induced hardening and microstructural evolution were investigated as a function of ion dose for EC316LN stainless steel. Irradiation was carried out using 3.5 MeV Fe"+, 360 keV He"+, and 180 keV H"+ simultaneous ion-beams at 200 deg. C to simulate the damage, He and H production in the SNS target vessel wall. At low dose (< 1 dpa), the predominant defects were black dots whose number density saturated rapidly within a few dpa. This was followed by the evolution of interstitial loops whose number density saturated below 15 dpa. Although He-bubbles were not visible, severely scalloped loops suggested that the implanted He/H atoms existed in the form of small clusters. Comparison with reported neutron irradiation data showed that hardening and ductility loss occurred mostly in the black dot regime (< 1 dpa), but that good ductility (>20% elongation) was maintained ...

CERN Document Server

We report the first direct detection of an exoplanet in polarized scattered light. The transiting planet HD189733b is one of the very hot Jupiters with shortest periods and, thus, smallest orbits, which makes them ideal candidates for polarimetric detections. We obtained polarimetric measurements of HD189733 in the $B$ band well distributed over the orbital period and detected two polarization maxima near planetary elongations with the peak amplitude of $\\sim2\\cdot10^{-4}$. Assuming Rayleigh scattering, we estimated the effective size of the scattering atmosphere (Lambert sphere) to be 1.5$\\pm$0.2 $R_{\\rm J}$, which is 30% larger than the radius of the opaque body previously inferred from transits. If the scattering matter fills the planetary Roche lobe, the lower limit of the geometrical albedo can be estimated as 0.14. The phase dependence of polarization indicates that the planetary orbit is oriented almost in the north-south direction with the longitude of ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This experiment was done to determine the effects of irradiation on the physical properties of three kinds of laminated packaging materials, i.e. polypropylene-polypropylene, polypropylene-polyethylene, polyester-polyethylene. Observations were made on pinhole production, leakage, oil resistance, resistance against insect penetration, colour, odour tensile strength, elongation at break, seal strength and tear resistance. The samples were irradiated with doses of 0, 5 and 10 kGy, then stored at room temperature and examined after 0, 3, 6 and 12 months of storage. The results showed that irradiation doses up to 10 kGy, as well as storage up to 12 months, did not create pinholes, or leakage in pouches prepared from laminated films. The resistance of the films to oil and insect penetration, the colour, and the odour were also unchanged. Both irradiation and storage treatments had a significant effect on physical properties of the laminated films. In general, the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The effects of various antioxidants and antioxidant concentrations on the radiation and thermal stability of EPDM and XLPE polymers used for insulation of electric cable in nuclear power plants were measured. The objective was to determine if particular antioxidants could be identified as being especially effective for stabilization against radiation aging and combined thermal and radiation aging. Elongation to rupture was used as the measure of stability. Materials were irradiated to doses up to 2 MGy (200 Mrad) at a dose rate of 200 to 300 Gy/h in the Cobalt-60 Gamma Irradiation Facility at the University of Virginia. All of the antioxidants tested, which were known to provide excellent thermal stability, also provided good stability for radiation aging and combined thermal/radiation aging, although small differences between antioxidants were noted. No antioxidant or antioxidant combination was identified as being especially outstanding. Stabilization against ...

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The major objective of this work is to seek for new solutions that can lead to significant lifetime improvement of submerse lines which experience severe wear processes on the polymeric layer coating used for protection of the touch down point (TDP) region. Four different materials were selected as possible candidates for the coating layer of this critical region. They are commercially available and posses well known processing technologies. The materials are two polymers: nylon 66 and polyacetal; and two composites: nylon 66 reinforced with 13 or 33% glass fiber. Stress-strain behavior was evaluated using two deformation rates in order to characterize the viscoelastic behavior proper of polymeric materials. It was observed that increasing the amount of glass fiber in the matrix leads to a stronger material and a consequent decrease of elongation to break. Additionally, abrasion tests were carried out using a Taber equipment in three distinct conditions. Results ...

CERN Document Server

Delta Scorpii is a double giant Be star in the forefront of the Scorpio, well visible to the naked eye, being normally of magnitude 2.3. In the year 2000 its luminosity rose up suddenly to the magnitude 1.6, changing the usual aspect of the constellation of Scorpio. This phenomenon has been associated to the close periastron of the companion, orbiting on a elongate ellipse with a period of about 11 years. The periastron, on basis of high precision astrometry, is expected to occur in the first decade of July 2011, and the second star of the system is approaching the atmosphere of the primary, whose circumstellar disk has a H-alpha diameter of 5 milliarcsec, comparable with the periastron distance. The preliminary results of a photometric campaign, here presented in the very days of the periastron, show an irregular behavior of the star's luminosity, which can reflect some shocks between material around the two stars. The small luminosity increasement detected in the ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Summary Reactive extrusion was utilised for starch/poly(butylene adipate co-terephthalate) (PBAT) blown film production, using maleic anhydride (MA) and citric acid (CA), alone or combined, as compatibilisers. These compounds (2% w/w) were added to the starch/PBAT (55:45) mixture after dispersion on glycerol. More rigid films, with greater tensile strength (9.82--0.45-MPa), were produced when 2.0% CA was used. The opposite, little homogeneity and poor tensile strength (0.77--0.12-MPa) and elongation (2.67--0.67%) were found in films produced using 2.0% MA. Barrier properties to water vapour were improved by compatibilisers. FTIR analysis showed that CA and MA were able to promote esterification/transesterification reactions. Blends containing CA also showed better phase compatibilisation i...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Architecture of hydrocarbon-bearing sandstone reservoirs of the Paleocene Fort Union Formation in the Wind River basin, Wyoming, was studied using lithofacies, grain size, bounding surfaces, sedimentary structures, internal organization, and geometry. Two principal groups of reservoirs, both erosionally based and fining upward, consist of either conglomeratic sandstone or sandstone lithofacies. Two types of architecture were recognized in conglomeratic sandstone reservoirs: (1) heterogeneous, multistacked, lenticular and (2) homogeneous, multiscoured, wedge-sheet bodies. Three types of architecture were recognized in sandstone reservoirs: (3) heterogeneous, multistacked, elongate; (4) homogeneous, multilateral, lenticular; and (5) homogeneous, ribbon-lensoid bodies. Conglomeratic sandstone reservoirs in the southern and southwestern parts of the basin suggest deposition in gravel-bedload fluvial systems influenced by provenance uplift of the Granite and southern ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper investigated the effect of hydrogen (H{sub 2}) addition on the combustion process of a heavy-duty diesel engine. The addition of a small amount of H{sub 2} was shown to have a mild effect on the cylinder pressure and combustion process. When operated at high load, the addition of a relatively large amount of H{sub 2} substantially increased the peak cylinder pressure and the peak heat release rate. Compared to the two-stage combustion process of diesel engines, a featured three-stage combustion process of the H{sub 2}-diesel dual fuel engine was observed. The extremely high peak heat release rate represented a combination of diesel diffusion combustion and the premixed combustion of H{sub 2} consumed by multiple turbulent flames, which substantially enhanced the combustion process of H{sub 2}-diesel dual fuel engine. However, the addition of a relatively large amount of H{sub 2} at low load did not change the two-stage heat release process pattern. The premixed combustion ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Water is the most important limiting factor in the development of arid environments; therefore, optimization of water use is a necessity in desert reclamation projects. Evapotranspiration of a 6-year-old river red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.) plantation, located in a sedimentation basin of an artificial recharge of the Gareh Bygone Plain groundwater system in Iran?s southern Zagros Mountains, was studied during a 7-month period. A neutron moisture probe was used to monitor soil water changes in the root zone. Soil water depletion following rapid drainage for blocks receiving relatively high, medium and low volumes of floodwater were 809.6, 312.4, and 203.1 mm, respectively, for a 150-day period. Soil water potential during most of the study period was below ?1.5 MPa. This study pr...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Local communities in southern Africa derive many benefits from marula [Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst. subsp. caffra (Sond.) Kokwaro]. These include the contribution of this species towards health, nutrition, food security and conservation by sharing local skills and knowledge related to it. Marula fruits can be eaten fresh, squeezed to make juice, brewed in traditional beer or used to make jam and jelly. The kernels are also edible and can be pressed to extract oil for cooking and cosmetics, i.e., for skin and hair application. The bark, roots, seeds and leaves are exploited for traditional medicinal purposes. Marula has acquired significant commercial value since its fruits and other products have entered local, regional and international trade in southern Africa. To diversify frui...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In the world of pipeline maintenance, there are pigs and there are intelligent pigs. Intelligent pigs, when launched into a pipeline, carry instrumentation onboard which enables them to gather and record information about problems such as denting, corrosion, and cracking. More basic pigs, on the other hand, look after the routine internal maintenance chores such as cleaning and swabbing, or else perform operational duties such as batching different types of product along the line. The harsh environment in which pigs often operate is described. Aside from the mechanical shocks they undergo when passing welds, bends, and other fittings, they may have to contend with hostile conditions such as hydrogen sulfide environments. High pressure is another factor to consider. In crude oil lines, significant paraffin deposits also can cause problems if they affect the sensors ability to maintain good contact with the pipe wall. In spite of these considerations, increasing numbers of pipeline ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The IAEA Assessment of Safety Significant Events Team (ASSET) report presents the results of an ASSET team's assessment of their investigation of the effectiveness of the plant for prevention of incidents since 1990 at Zaporozhe nuclear power plant. The results, conclusions and suggestions presented herein reflect the views of the ASSET experts. They are provided for consideration by the responsible authorities in Ukraine. The ASSET team's views presented in this report are based on visits to the plant, on review of documentation made available by the operating organization and on discussions with utility personnel. The report is intended to enhance operational safety at Zaporozhe by proposing improvements to the policy for the prevention of incidents at the plant. The report includes, as a usual practice, the official response of the operating organization as well as of the regulatory body to the ASSET recommendations. Figs.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

We present a novel fabrication route yielding Raney-platinum film electrodes intended as glucose oxidation anodes for potentially implantable fuel cells. Fabrication roots on thermal alloying of an extractable metal with bulk platinum at 200^oC for 48h. In contrast to earlier works using carcinogenic nickel, we employ zinc as potentially biocompatible alloying partner. Microstructure analysis indicates that after removal of extractable zinc the porous Raney-platinum film (roughness factor ~2700) consists predominantly of the Pt3Zn phase. Release of zinc during electrode operation can be expected to have no significant effect on physiological normal levels in blood and serum, which promises good biocompatibility. In contrast to previous anodes based on hydrogel-bound catalyst particles the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Municipal power systems developed early in the Pacific Northwest, but a new dimension was added in the 1930s when the public utility district (PUD) concept combining urban and rural areas encited vigorous debate and the public rejected private-utility candidates. A favorable national climate developed for consumer-owned systems during the 1920s and 30s encouraging the passage of the Federal Water Power Act, the creation of the Tennessee Valley Authority, the building of Hoover Dam, and the establishment of the Bonneville Power Administration. This article reviews developments following the Public Utility Act of 1935, which authorized the Federal Power Commission and the uniform system of accounts. After tracing the record of investigations and policy trends during the Roosevelt era, it concludes that utilities benefited from accounting regulations. (DCK)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Drug particle size distribution has a profound impact to the content uniformity in low-dose solid drug products. We derived theoretically the skewness of potency distribution as a function of particle size distribution and target dose. It was demonstrated that both skewness and coefficient of variation diverge simultaneously with inverse square root of the target dose. This scaling relation was observed in recent experiment and was verified by Monte Carlo (MC) simulation, which was employed for the first time to solve for the full potency distribution from a random retrieving model. When tested against the criteria from USP uniformity of dosage units, MC simulation showed a striking anisotropic distribution of the data. This suggests a full-scale consideration of the potency distribu...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The positive-energy unitary irreducible representations of the q-deformed conformal algebra #delta#C_q = U_q(su(2,2)) are obtained by appropriate deformation of the classical ones. When the deformation parameter q is N -th root of unity, all these unitary representations become finite-dimensional. For his case we discuss in some detail the massless representations, which are also irreducible representations of the q-deformed Poincare subalgebra of #delta#C_q. Generically, their dimensions are smaller than the corresponding finite-dimensional non-unitary representation of su(2,2), except when N = 2 modul h + 1, where h is the helicity of the representations. The latter cases include the fundamental representations with h = #+-#1/2. (author). 10 refs.