barium 134 target: Topics by WorldWideScience.org

Synthesis of Some 2-Amino-5-Substituted-1,3,4-Oxadiazoles Through the Electrooxidation of Semicarbazone

... deposition evaporation fission products fluorides iodine 134 laboratory

1971-02-01

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

Full Text Available

2009-04-01

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STS-134: Go for Launch

Endeavour is given the green light after all prelaunch

2011-05-16

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Application of dose factors for decay chains

On thermodynamics of ion exchange on styrene and divinylbenzene sulfonated copolymers

... dose rates inhalation iodine 134 krypton 88 nuclear decay quality factor

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Addition of methyl cellulose enema to double-contrast barium imaging of sigmoid diverticulosis

... aromatics barium dienes heat exchangers ion exchange ions kinetic equations

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Photoexcitation and optical pumping in a barium atomic beam

Double-contrast barium enema has a reduced sensitivity in patients with severe sigmoid diverticulosis. Therefore a carboxy methyl cellulose enema was employed after the conventional double-contrast examination in 15 patients with sigmoid diverticulosis. A significant increase in lumen diameter and a superior removal of barium residue from the diverticulas facilitated the interpretation of the sigmoid loops. Conclusion: The addition of methyl cellulose enema to double-contrast barium imaging improves diagnostic imaging in diverticulosis by expanding the lumen and emptying the diverticulas. (orig.).

1997-01-01

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An Upper Limit on the Albedo of HD 209458b: Direct Imaging Photometry with the MOST Satellite

An apparatus allowing the photoexcitation of barium atomic beam over its whole surface is described. This photoexcitation is achieved by another barium spectrum emitted up steam of the beam by a cathodic out-flow produced at the exit oven. The fluorescence spectrum is studied in detail as well as the influence of different parameters, such as oven temperature, current intensity of the outflow, and excitation depth. A calculation shows how to determine Einstein coefficient, oscillator strengths and atomic lifetimes from our experimental measurements.

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BARIUM RELEASES at ALTITUDES BET\\VEEN 200 and 1000 - NASA ...

We present space-based photometry of the transiting exoplanetary system HD 209458 obtained with the MOST (Microvariablity and Oscillations of STars) satellite, spanning 14 days and covering 4 transits and 4 secondary eclipses. The HD 209458 photometry was obtained in MOST's lower-precision Direct Imaging mode, which is used for targets in the brightness range $6.5 < V < 13$. We describe the photometric reduction techniques for this mode of observing, in particular the corrections for stray Earthshine. We do not detect the secondary eclipse in the MOST data, to a limit in depth of 0.053 mmag (1 \\sigma). We set a 1 \\sigma upper limit on the planet-star flux ratio of 4.88 x 10^-5 corresponding to a geometric albedo upper limit in the MOST bandpass (400 to 700 nm) of 0.25. The corresponding numbers at the 3 \\sigma level are 1.34 x 10^-4 and 0.68 respectively. HD 209458b is half as bright as Jupiter in the MOST bandpass. This low geometric ...

2006-01-01

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Reactivity of ceramic superconductors with palladium alloys

Zinn, John;. Hoerlin,. Herman; and Petschek,. Albert. G.: The Motion of Bomb. Debris. Following the Starfish. Test. Radiation. Trapped in the Earth's ...

11

Self-expandable stent loaded with {sup 125}I seeds: Feasibility and safety in a rabbit model

This paper reports Palladium alloy compositions investigated for suitability as a nonreactive material for the processing of ceramic superconductors. Barium-based superconductors were tested on Pd-Au and Pd-Ag alloys for reactivity. Bismuth-based superconductors were tested on a Pd-Ag alloy. The least reactive was found to be 70% Pd-30% Ag for the barium-based high-temperature superconductors (HTSC), whereas 30% Pd-70% Ag was found to be least reactive for bismuth-based HTSC.

1990-06-01

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Handbook on Ground Forces Attrition in Modern Warfare

Objective: To evaluate technical feasibility and acute and subacute radiotolerance of a self-expandable stent loaded with {sup 125}I seeds in the rabbit esophagus. Methods: A self-expandable stent designed for esophageal application was made of 0.16 mm nitinol wire and loaded with {sup 125}I seeds (CIAE-6711). Twenty-seven stents with three different radioactive dosages (n = 9 in each dosage group) were implanted in the esophagus of healthy rabbits, while nine stents alone were used as controls. The stents were perorally deployed into the esophagus under fluoroscopic guidance. Radiological follow-up included plain chest film, CT scan, and barium esophagography which were undertaken in all rabbits of each group at 2, 4, and 8 weeks, respectively, which were correlated to histopathological findings. The stented esophageal segments along with their adjacent tissues were harvested for histopathological examinations. Results: The stent was successfully deployed into the ...

2007-02-15

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Physicochemical investigation of the behavior of elements in chloride melts in the presence of solid phases based on phosphates of polyvalent elements. II. Behavior of strontium and barium

... 129 US Armored Division Casualty and Tank Loss Rates ..... 132 British Casualty and rank Loss Rates in Operation "Goodwood" . 134 Page 5. ...

1986-09-01

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Inhibition of barium sulfate deposition by polycarboxylates of various molecular structures

The distribution of the alkaline earth elements strontium and barium between the solid phases of phosphates of transition elements of group 4 and chloride melts was studied. The distribution coefficients of strontium and barium were found at T = 700-800/sup 0/C. Phosphates of the type NaM/sub 2//sup (IV)/(PO/sub 4/)/sub 3/, where M/sub (IV)/ represents titanium, zirconium, and hafnium, were used as the solid phases. It was established that there is an enrichment of the precipitates with the distributed components. The distribution coefficient depends on the nature of the solid phase and the temperature. It was suggested that M/sup (II)/ x M/sub 4//sup (IV)/(PO/sub 4/)/sub 6/ is formed in processes of distribution, where M/sup (II)/ represents Sr, Ba.

1987-07-01

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Coupling of magnetostriction and electrostriction in the porous rheological composite

To establish a relationship between the molecular structure of polycarboxylates and their growth-retarding influence on barium sulfate, seeded-suspension-growth experiments were performed at various inhibitor concentrations and pH values. Two types of polycarboxylates with a molecular structure based on their polyacrylic or maleic acid were studied. The molecular structure of these compounds were varied by particle substitution with monomers containing hydroxyl, amide, and sulfonic acid, as well as hydrophobic groups. Hydrophobic groups are detrimental to good inhibitor performance, whereas the introduction of OH, NH {sub 2}, or SO {sub 3} H groups presents opportunities to enhance the inhibitor effectiveness. The sequence in performance of the compounds on barium sulfate was compared with the sequence formerly obtained for calcium sulfate dihydrate.

1990-02-01

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Selection of Inhibitor-Resistant Viral Potassium Channels Identifies a Selectivity Filter Site that Affects Barium and Amantadine Block

The production method of the elastic composite containing ferrous particles and titanium barium particles dispersed in the porous silicone matrix is described in this article. Since it contains ferrous and titanium barium particles, this composite shows magnetorheological and also electrorheological properties. The electrostriction of composite samples in the electric field with maximal intensity 1.5x10{sup 6} V/m was investigated. The magnetostriction in the magnetic field with maximal induction 1 T was also investigated. It was found that samples elongate with increased electric field intensity, and the magnetic field induction was detected. By increasing the samples' elongation with increase of ferrous particles, titanium barium particles and pores number were also detected. In the investigated division of the electric and magnetic field the elongation changed in a linear way. The maximal elongation achieved was ...

2008-08-15

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Concentration of radiocaesium {sup 137}Cs and {sup 134}Cs in sediments of the Malaysian marine environment

BackgroundUnderstanding the interactions between ion channels and blockers remains an important goal that has implications for delineating the basic mechanisms of ion channel function...Full Text Available

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The measurement of the fission product ratios, {sup 134}Cs/{sup 137}Cs and {sup 154}Eu/{sup 137}Cs in spent PWR fuel by gamma scanning method

The concentrations of {sup 137}Cs and {sup 134}Cs in Malaysian marine sediments were measured by gamma-ray spectrometry with a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector connected to a multichannel analyzer. In general, the {sup 137}Cs concentration in Malaysian marine sediments has been found to be very low and less than 5 Bq/kg dry weight with the exception of those from a few sampling locations. The concentration of {sup 134}Cs was found to be less than the minimum detectable activity for the measuring condition used. Data reported in this paper were found to be comparable with results from within the region and thus can be used as reference data for the country.

2007-12-15

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The measurement of the fission product ratios, "1"3"4Cs/"1"3"7Cs and "1"5"4Eu/"1"3"7Cs in spent PWR fuel by gamma scanning method

We obtained the ratios of {sup 134}Cs/{sup 137}Cs and {sup 154}Eu/{sup 137}Cs in spent PWR fuels with gamma scanning equipment of irradiated material examination facility. The fuel segments, of which the burn-up is about 40 GWD/MTU and its cooling time is 8.4 years, are prepared in Post Irradiated Examination Facility and transported to IMEF. By considering of multi-peaks of {sup 134}Cs and {sup 154}Eu, we obtained the relative efficiency of the gamma scanning system as a function of energy. And finally we obtained the number ratios of radioactive nuclides in 72 fuel pellets, radioactive {sup 134}Cs/{sup 137}Cs and {sup 154}Eu/{sup 137}Cs. (author). 4 refs., 27 tabs., 28 figs.

1997-10-01

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CT colonography: optimisation, diagnostic performance and patient acceptability of reduced-laxative regimens using barium-based faecal tagging

We obtained the ratios of "1"3"4Cs/"1"3"7Cs and "1"5"4Eu/"1"3"7Cs in spent PWR fuels with gamma scanning equipment of irradiated material examination facility. The fuel segments, of which the burn-up is about 40 GWD/MTU and its cooling time is 8.4 years, are prepared in Post Irradiated Examination Facility and transported to IMEF. By considering of multi-peaks of "1"3"4Cs and "1"5"4Eu, we obtained the relative efficiency of the gamma scanning system as a function of energy. And finally we obtained the number ratios of radioactive nuclides in 72 fuel pellets, radioactive "1"3"4Cs/"1"3"7Cs and "1"5"4Eu/"1"3"7Cs. (author). 4 refs., 27 tabs., 28 figs.

1988-09-18

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Stochastic risk estimate for barium radiological examinations in Malaga (Spain)

To establish the optimum barium-based reduced-laxative tagging regimen prior to CT colonography (CTC). Ninety-five subjects underwent reduced-laxative (13 g senna/18 g magnesium citrate) CTC prior to same-day colonoscopy and were randomised to one of four tagging regimens using 20 ml 40%w/v barium sulphate: regimen A: four doses, B: three doses, C: three doses plus 220 ml 2.1% barium sulphate, or D: three doses plus 15 ml diatriazoate megluamine. Patient experience was assessed immediately after CTC and 1 week later. Two radiologists graded residual stool (1: none/scattered to 4: >50% circumference) and tagging efficacy for stool (1: untagged to 5: 100% tagged) and fluid (1: untagged, 2: layered, 3: tagged), noting the HU of tagged fluid. Preparation was good (76-94% segments graded 1), although best for regimen D (P = 0.02). Across all regimens, stool tagging quality was high (mean 3.7-4.5) and not significantly ...

2008-01-15

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Influence of crystallization on the spectral features of nano-sized ferroelectric barium strontium titanate (Ba0.7Sr0.3Tio3) thin films

The aim of this research work has been the estimation of the stochastic risk for five barium examinations. The sample was the population attending the Radiological Service of the 'Nuestra Senora de la Victoria' University Hospital, who had been treated with some barium examinations, set in five different groups: oesophagus tract, oesophagus-gastric-duodenal tract, intestinal tract, enteroclysis and double enema. To estimate the stochastic risk, it is necessary to know the organ dose. This can be calculated from the dose-area product which allows us to determine the effective dose using software. The dose-area product is the most suitable quantity to measure in these types of examination. We have evaluated the contribution that each procedure provides to the genetically significant dose, somatically significant dose, collective effective dose, annual effective dose 'per capita' and detriment, which are useful for assessing the population risk of ...

2000-01-01

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British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Ferroelectric barium strontium titanate (Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3)(BST) thin films have been prepared from barium 2-ethylhexanoate [Ba[CH3(CH2)3CH(C2H5)CO2]2], strontium 2-ethylhexanoate [Sr[CH3(CH2)3CH(C2H5)CO2]2] and titanium(IV) isopropoxide [TiOCH(CH3)2]4 precursors using a modified sol-gel technique. The precursor except [TiOCH(CH3)2]4 were synthesized in the laboratory. Transparent and crack-free films were fabricated on pre-cleaned quartz substrates by spin coating. The structural and optical properties of films annealed at different temperatures have been investigated. The as-fired films were found to be amorphous that crystallized to the tetragonal phase after annealing at 550degreeC for 1h in air. The lattice constants "a" and "c" were found to be 3.974A and 3.990A, respectively. The grain...

2008-01-01

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Targeting vaccines to dendritic cells

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Udgivelsesdato: 2002-Mar

2002-01-01

25

Constraints on target chamber first wall and target designs that will enable NIF debris shields to survive

Reduction of fluoroscopic exposure for the air-contrast barium enema

Constraints on target chamber first wall and target designs that will enable NIF debris shields to survive

1999-01-01

26

Mechanical Properties and Thermal Shock Resistance of Refractory Self-Reinforced -SiAlONs Using Barium Aluminosilicate as an Additive

In a fluoroscopic imaging system, image quality and patient dose are both affected by the optical system linking the image intensifier with the video camera. The effect on patient exposure of increasing the optical iris aperture size over that required for other procedures performed on the same imaging system was investigated for the air-contrast barium enema examination. Using a large-area transmission ionisation chamber to monitor the Roentgen-area-product of entrance exposure, a decrease in fluoroscopic radiation of greater than 50% was clinically documented for a fluoroscopic system utilising kVp and mA variable automatic brightness control. For this iris change, the video image was of acceptable quality for positioning and monitoring the patient, and no deleterious effect was detected in the conduct of the air-contrast exam. The availability of a variable-sized operator-selectable iris diaphragm would permit this dose-reduction approach to be extended to other ...

1983-11-01

27

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Yb-, Y-, Yb/Y-, and Yb/Nd-doped -SiAlON ceramics with 5-wt% barium aluminosilicate (BAS) were synthesized by hot pressing. Typical self-reinforced microstructures were obtained in all investigated -SiAlONs in spite of the type of doped cations. This is attributed to the incorporation of BAS, which could supply suitable liquid phase to promote the anisotropic growth of the -SiAlON grains. All the composites exhibited excellent high-temperature mechanical properties and thermal shock resistance due to the formation of a self-reinforced microstructure and the complete crystallization of BAS additive.

2011-01-01

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Interaction studies between Crofer-22APU alloy and P2O5 containing barium calcium alumino-borosilicate (BCABS) sealant glass-ceramics

Analysis of the direct contamination pathway of "8"5Sr, "1"0"3Ru and "1"3"4Cs in radish

We present the effect of P2O5 addition on barium calcium aluminum borosilicate BCABS glasses of composition (mol %) 35BaO-15CaO-5Al2O3-(37-x)SiO2-8B2O3-xP2O5 (0?x?5). The incorporation of P2O5 increased network polymerization and crystallization tendency. However, addition of P2O5 leads to the formation of Cr2O3 at the interface, saturating it in the ions of the metal. This improves glass-to-metal bonding. (author)

2010-09-01

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A shockproof container for the transport and storage of fragile or reactive target foils

For analyzing the direct contamination pathway of the radionuclide in radish, a solution containing "8"5Sr, "1"0"3Ru and "1"3"4Cs was sprayed to the aerial part of the plant in a greenhouse at 5 different times before harvest. Plant interception factor showed little difference among radionuclides and increased with decreasing time interval between application and harvest with the maximum value of 0.86. The fractions of the initial deposition that remained in the radish plant at harvest were in the range of 16#approx#37% for "8"5Sr, 15#approx#68% for "1"0"3Ru and 35#approx#58% for "1"3"4Cs. The remaining fraction was the highest in "1"3"4Cs at earlier applications while it was the highest in "1"0"3Ru at later applications. Translocation factors of "8"5Sr, "1"0"3Ru and "1"3"4Cs were in the range of 3.2x10"-"3#approx#1.7x10"-"2 , 7.3x10"-"4#approx#2.6x10"-"2 and 6.6x10"-"2#approx#1.7x10"-"2, respectively, ...

2000-05-01

30

Radioactive liquid effluent processing with borohydride ions. Procede de traitement d'effluents liquides radioactifs au moyen d'ions borohydrure

A shockproof container for the transport and storage of fragile or reactive target foils

1971-01-01

31

Hanaro fuel gamma scanning

A borohydride, for instance sodium borohydride, is added to the radioactive effluent, with eventually a carrier such as Cu{sup +}, to give a precipitate containing ruthenium. The processing can be combined to Sr and Cs precipitation be know processes giving barium sulfate and nickel ferrocyamide precipitates. Influence of borohydride concentration on decontamination factor is given.

1989-08-25

32

Transition rates of electrons in superheavy elements

One bundle of Hanaro fuel irradiated up to 50%-burnup and cooled for 6 months was transported to IMEF for PIE, which has 6 elements. At first we measured the longitudinal distribution and the rotational distribution of several dominant peaks intensities from the bundle. After dismantling of the bundle we measured the longitudinal distribution of {sup 137}Cs and {sup 134}Cs peaks in each fuel element to see the burn-up feature. And finally we found out the relative number distribution of {sup 137}Cs and {sup 134}Cs for each detection point, which would be used for burn-up calculation. The relative detection efficiency of the scanning system was obtained experimentally by using the {sup 134}Cs peaks. We also checked up the azimuthal difference of peak intensity for each element, which are resulted about 2% of difference. These data will be used for the further analysis of Hanaro fuel performance evaluation. (author)

1999-09-01

33

ND20020728__NAV.CIT - NASA/ARC ESPO Archive Page

Transition rates for electrons in the superheavy elements Z = 114, 126, 134, 145, 164 and 173 are calculated. K, L and M-shells are considerd as final states. The 2s - 1s stransition of multipolarity M1 is dominant for Z = 173 with a transition time of 10"-"1"8s. The radial expectation values and #sq root# are given. (orig.).

34

Comparative Uptake and Interaction of Several Radionuclides in the Trophic Levels Surrounding the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility (LAMPF) Waste Water Ponds.

... 25.0003 -82.3104 7563.4132 315.7812 320.6632 -1.9312 -23.4836 134.1467 137.3888 78725.0000 25.0011 -82.3114 7552.3932 314.2244 319.0740 -1.9968 - 22.3120 ...

35

Clinical and biological assessment of cemented titanium femoral stems: an 11-year experience

A study was undertaken to examine the uptake, distribution, and interaction of five activation products (Co-57, Be-7, Cs-134, Rb-83, and Mn-54) within the biotic and abiotic components surrounding the waste treatment lagoons of the Los Alamos Meson Physic...

1989-01-01

36

Anabolic effect of human parathyroid hormone fragment on trabecular bone in involutional osteoporosis: a multicentre trial.

This study prospectively assessed the outcome of 134 cemented titanium stems and serum ion levels. The stems were polished (0.1 μm Ra) with circular cross section. At the end point,...Full Text Available

2009-10-01

37

X-ray production yield in standardized thick target PIXE

After baseline studies, 21 patients with osteoporosis were treated with human parathyroid hormone fragment (PTH 1-34) given as once-daily subcutaneous injections for 6-24 months. The dose used did not...Full Text Available

1980-06-07

38

TARGET SIGNAL DETECTOR AND DETECTING METHOD

No abstract prepared.

2003-07-01

39

J-STORE (Japan)

Full Text Available

2005-12-02

40

Prospects for polarized target materials with pure carbon background.

Computational Challenges in miRNA Target Predictions: To Be or Not to Be a True Target?

No abstract available.

1992-01-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

41

APPARATUS OF MAKING UP MEASUREMENT TARGET

All microRNA (miRNA) target—finder algorithms return lists of candidate target genes. How valid is that output in a biological setting? Transcriptome analysis has proven to be a useful approach...Full Text Available

2009-01-01

42

J-STORE (Japan)

Full Text Available

2007-10-26

43

Structural and magnetic properties of barium-gadolinium hexaferrites

Structural and magnetic properties of barium-gadolinium hexaferrites

A series of Gd-substituted M-type barium hexaferrites has been prepared by the ceramic route, according to the formula (Ba{sub 1-x}Gd{sub x})O.5.25Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} (x=0-0.30). XRD analysis revealed that all the samples present primarily an M-type structure. Samples x=0 and x=0.05 are single-phase. Hematite (Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}) and GdFeO{sub 3} were detected in the remaining samples. Coercivity (H{sub c}) shows remarkably high values, {approx}293kA/m for x=0.20 and 0.30 with a maximum of 322kA/m for x=0.25. Specific saturation magnetization ({sigma}{sub sat}) of the samples presents a small increase up to x=0.10. The microstructure examination indicates that Gd may act as a grain growth inhibitor.

2007-03-15

44

Radiation damage and recovery in the light emittance efficiency and the attenuation length of barium fluoride scintillator

A series of Gd-substituted M-type barium hexaferrites has been prepared by the ceramic route, according to the formula (Ba_1_-_xGd_x)O.5.25Fe_2O_3 (x=0-0.30). XRD analysis revealed that all the samples present primarily an M-type structure. Samples x=0 and x=0.05 are single-phase. Hematite (Fe_2O_3) and GdFeO_3 were detected in the remaining samples. Coercivity (H_c) shows remarkably high values, #approx#293kA/m for x=0.20 and 0.30 with a maximum of 322kA/m for x=0.25. Specific saturation magnetization (#sigma#_s_a_t) of the samples presents a small increase up to x=0.10. The microstructure examination indicates that Gd may act as a grain growth inhibitor.

2007-03-01

45

Detection of pulmonary aspiration in infants and children with respiratory disease: concise communication

Radiation damage and its recovery in the light emittance efficiency and the attenuation length of barium fluoride (BaF_2) scintillator have been investigated. The light yield and transmittance of small samples of BaF_2 scintillator were measured after #gamma#-irradiation from 0.5x10"4 to 1.1x10"5 Gy for deterioration, and after sunlight exposure for recovery. Suspension of deterioration was observed both in light yield and in attenuation length at an integrated dose of #gamma#-rays of about 10"4 Gy. Fairly good and quick recovery of the deteriorated BaF_2 scintillator was obtained by sunlight exposure. Using a Monte Carlo simulation method, the dependence of the light emittance efficiency on #gamma#-irradiation and sunlight exposure was studied. It has been found that the light emittance efficiency, as well as the attenuation length, is influenced by #gamma#-irradiation and sunlight exposure. (orig.).

46

Radioactivity of people in Finland after the Chernobyl accident in 1986

Twenty children with respiratory disease ingested 500 ..mu..Ci of Tc-99m sulfur colloid orally, and scintigrams of the thorax were obtained to determine whether pulmonaryaspiration of gastric contents could be detected. The children ranged in age from 1 mo to 14 y; 13 were 8 months of age or younger. Children were studied at 5 min and 4 h after ingestion of Tc-99m sulfur colloid using a high-sensitivity computer oscilloscope to record 100K-count images. Additional images were obtained after the children had slept overnight. Five children (25%) showed definite pulmonary accumulation of activity; four of these also had a barium swallow and three showed either pulmonary aspiration of barium or moderately severe gastroesophageal reflux. Oral ingestion of Tc-99m sulfur colloid provides a noninvasive means for diagnosing pulmonary aspiration under physiologic conditions in infants and children.

1980-04-01

47

The adsorption and reaction of halogenated volatile organic compounds (VOC's) on metal oxides. Annual progress report, September 1996--October 1997

After the reactor accident at Chernobyl on April 26, 1986 radioactive fallout was carried by air currents to most parts of Europe. The radioactive air currents reached Finland on April 27. Immediately after the arrival of such air in Finland, contamination of people by radioactive nuclides began via inhalation of this air. The ingestion route become important later, when radionuclides were transported via different foodchains to man. To determine the level of radionuclides in the body and to estimate the internal radiation doses caused by the Chernobyl accident, whole-body counting measurements were performed. The results of whole-body counting of six different groups of Finnish people measured during 1986 after the accident at Chernobyl are reported. Three were reference groups measured routinely once or twice annually, two groups were comprised of workers at nuclear power stations and one group consisted of 262 persons not belonging to any other group. The total number of whole-body ...

2004-02-01

48

Superconducting Properties of Epitaxial Yttrium BARIUM(2) COPPER(3) OXYGEN(7-DELTA) Thin Films and Yttrium BARIUM(2) COPPER(3) OXYGEN(7-DELTA)/PRASEODYMIUM BARIUM(2) COPPER(3) OXYGEN(7-Z)/YTTRIUM BARIUM(2) COPPER(3) OXYGEN(7 - Heterostructures Grown by Pulsed Laser Deposition

'The interactions of carbon tetrachloride with strongly basic oxides and hydroxides have been studied by several techniques in order to understand the surface reactions and the subsequent bulk reactions that result in the destruction of the chlorinated hydrocarbon. Emphasis has been placed on understanding the surface phases, as well as the bulk phases, that are present during these transformations. As a result of the study with barium oxide, a reaction cycle has been demonstrated that may have practical significance in the removal of chlorinated hydrocarbons.'

1997-10-01

49

Selective enhancement of barium in the atmospheres of red giants

The study of the intrinsic behavior of high transition temperature copper-oxide superconductors (HTSC) has proven to be challenging because of the extreme sensitivity of their transport properties on material quality. These compounds are characterized by a high degree of structural and electrical anisotropy, and a very short superconductive coherence length of the same order as the size of the crystalline unit cell (~5-30 A). As a result, microscopic defects such as oxygen vacancies, cationic disorder, and the presence of minute impurities have a significant effect on electrical transport in these materials. Therefore, much effort has been expended in synthesizing sizable samples that are homogeneous, well characterized, and emenable to the study of the anisotropic properties of the HTSC. We have demonstrated that thin films of HTSC compounds such as rm YBa_2Cu_3O_{7 -delta}, which is a 92 K superconductor, can be synthesized easily by a technique known as pulsed laser deposition, and ...

1992-01-01

50

Physical characteristics and solubility of long-lived airborne particulates in uranium producing and manufacturing facilities: A report upon completion of the extension to Phase I of the study. Research report No. INFO-0363-1

High-resolution spectroscopy of 13 bright red giants and Ba stars shows selective enhancement of Ba in three of them, HD 65699 (Ba 2), ..cap alpha..TrA (K4 III), and epsilonPeg (K2 Ib). Infrared spectra available for HD 65699 show that Sr is enhanced, too. This selective enhancement is discussed in terms of a modified s-process which converts some of the pre-existing r- and s-process matter into the magic nuclei /sup 88/Sr and /sup 138/Ba.

1984-03-01

51

Study of the rate of dissolution in simulated lung fluid of uranium from 3 different ore matrices and from refined uranium dioxide in an essentially all teflon extraction apparatus; the rate of dissolution of thorium from a nickel metal/2 percent thoria mixture; the effect of neutron irradiation of the studied materials upon the dissolution rates; and the adsorptions of the radioisotope tracers barium 133 (substitute for radium), lead 203 and thorium 234 upon the extraction system components.

1989-01-01

52

Phase diagrams

New materials for SRS lasers

The description is presented of binary phase diagrams of titanium alloyed with the following elements: silver, aluminium, arsenic, gold, boron, barium, beryllium, bismuth, carbon, calcium, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, gallium, germanium, hydrogen, hafnium, indium, iridium, potassium, lithium, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nitrogen, sodium, niobium, nickel, oxygen, osmium, phosphorus, lead, palladium, platinum, plutonium, rhenium, lanthanium, cerium, preseodymium, neodymium, gadolinium, erbium, terbium, thulium, lutetium, rhodium, ruthenium, scandium, silicon, tin, strontium, tantalum, technetium, thorium, uranium, vanadium, tungsten, yttrium, ytterbium, zinc and zirconium.

53

Moessbauer spectroscopy study of iron corrosion underneath painting system

The problem of search for new materials for spectrally positioned laser sources, which is central for modern photonics, is discussed. The use of the stimulated Raman scattering effect in crystals offers a highly efficient way to the design of such sources. The recent results of investigations into this effect for a large number of various types of crystalline materials are presented. The most promising compounds, as regards the realisation of different laser operation modes, are considered, including calcium, strontium, barium and lead molybdates and tungstates. Several examples of functioning efficient lasers based on novel materials exhibiting the stimulated Raman light scattering effect are given.

2006-10-31

54

Gastrointestinal radiography using Fuji computed radiography (FCR)

The effect of pigments on the development of corrosion products between the painting system and metal surface when exposed to marine environments has been discussed. The pigments studied were: red mud zinc chromate, zinc chromate, red oxide zinc phosphate, manganese phosphate barium chromate and basic lead silico chromate. Moessbauer spectroscopy revealed that the upper rust layer in all the cases consisted of #gamma#-Fe_2O_3, #gamma#-FeOOH and #alpha#-FeOOH. The lower rust layer immediately in contact with the metal surface consisted of an asymmetrical doublet due to #gamma#-FeOOH. (Auth.).

55

Dielectric behavior of Ba{sub 0.95}Sr{sub 0.05}TiO{sub 3} ceramics sintered by microwave

Initial clinical experience in gastrointestinal radiography using Fuji Computed Radiography(FCR) system was reported. Image quality of conventional film/screen radiography and FCR system on upper GI series and barium enema was compared. Reflecting wide dynamic range of the system, improved image quality was confirmed, particularity in visibility of fine mucosal pattern(area gastricae), folds and overall contour. High sensor sensitivity of the system could reduce radiation dose requirement significantly. Diagnostically acceptable images were obtained with approximately 1/5 of routine dose for conventional radiography except in cases of lateral view of the rectum. (author).

1985-01-01

56

Longitudinal changes in extended roles in radiography

Here we report detailed dielectric studies carried out on a Barium strontium titanate (BST) (95:5) composition. The material was synthesized by conventional ceramic method and microwave processing, and the later technique resulted in material with high density, improved microstructure and dielectric properties. The dielectric properties were studied as a function of frequency and temperature and well-defined ferroelectric behavior of first order transition was observed. It follows Curie-Weiss law above transition temperature (paraelectric region). Curie temperature is slightly higher for microwave sintered (MS) material.

2002-12-01

57

Particle-hole strength excited in the /sup 40/Ca(p,n)/sup 40/Sc reaction at 134 MeV

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to identify the extent and scope of changes to radiography practice. Method: Questionnaires were sent to radiology managers at acute National Health Service (NHS) hospitals in 2000 as a follow-up to an initial survey conducted in 1998. Information was sought on region, teaching/non-teaching status, the nature of extended role tasks undertaken and the year in which these tasks were first undertaken. Results: Some 172 questionnaires were returned from a total of 253 dispatched (68%). In 161 hospitals radiographers administered intravenous injections and performed barium enemas in 119 hospitals, while a red-dot system was in operation in 141 hospitals. Reporting by radiographers had increased since 1998. Replies indicated that, at 124 hospitals, radiographers were reporting in ultrasound. Skeletal reporting was the second most-frequently-reported activity, with 63 hospitals indicating that radiographers reported in this ...

2002-11-01

58

Enhanced corrosion resistance of mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution by new thiadiazole derivatives: Electrochemical, theoretical and XPS studies

The /sup 40/Ca(p,n)/sup 40/Sc reaction was studied at 134 MeV. Neutron energy spectra were measured by the time-of-flight technique with resolutions of 220 keV at angles from 0"0 to 41"0 and 415 keV out to 62"0. The 2"-,3"-,4"-,5"- band of states based on the (f/sub 7/2/,d/sub 3/2//sup -1/) 1p1h structure was observed at low excitation energies, in good agreement with known analog states in /sup 40/Ca and /sup 40/K. The shapes of the cross-section and analyzing-power angular distributions are in good agreement with distorted-wave impulse-approximation calculations using simple 1p1h (Tamm-Dancoff approximation) shell-model wave functions. A relatively strong transition to a state at E/sub x/ = 2.3 MeV with L = 3 is identified tentatively as a 4"- state with the predominant 1p1h structure (1f/sub 7/2/,2s/sub 1/2//sup -1/).

59

Development of a process for the disposal of evaporation residues from NPP by precipitation/flocculation and solidification of the precipitation products. Final report

In this work, a new class of thiadiazole derivatives, namely 3,5-bis(2-thienyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole (2-TTH) and 3,5-bis(3-thienyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole (3-TTH), have been studied as possible corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in molar hydrochloric acid (1M HCl). Polarisation curves and AC impedance methods have been used. These studies have shown that the thiadiazole derivatives were very good inhibitors for mild steel in 1M HCl. Comparison of results showed that 3-TTH was the best inhibitor. The potential of zero charge (PZC) of mild steel was studied by ac impedance method, and the mechanism of adsorption has been predicted. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy surface analysis with thiadiazole derivatives shows that it chemisorbed at the mild steel/HCl interface. The adsorption of these inhibitors followed Langmuir's adsorption isotherm. The electronic properties of 2-TTH and 3-TTH, obtained using the AM1 semi-empirical quantum chemical ...

2004-07-01

60

Real-time neutron radiography at McMaster

To reduce the volume of radioactive wastes after evaporation, activity carriers can be separated from the inactive salt load. Boric acid separation from PWR concentrates was considered a preliminary stage for nuclide precipitation. In connection with the precipitation process, the reaction conditions for boric acid separation were determined by bench-scale experiments. After evaluating the known purification processes, crystallization was suggested as a practicable method. After inactive bench-scale experiments, mixed crystal formation with iron hexacyanoferrate for Cs removal was chosen. The disturbing effect of the complexing agents was neutralized by a pre-dose of iron-III-salts. By specifying the precipitation conditions, for Cs-134 an activity separation from 3,0 E + 06 Bg/l to 1,9 E + 02 Bg/l, and for Cs-137 from 5,9 E + 06 Bg/l to 1,2 E + 02 Bg/l was achieved. Accordingly, the decontamination factor for Cs-134 was 16000, and for Cs-137 ...

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61

Raising the durability of bucket wheel excavator teeth

The McMaster Neutron Radiography Facility (MNRF) is fortunate to own the only Real-Time Neutron Radiography system in Canada. Current research at the MNRF involves the visualization of gas-liquid and gas-solid two-phase flow in complex channels, such as nuclear fuel channels, using light water, heavy water, freon-134A, slurries, and other fluids. Other research at the MNRF has examined single-phase flow, material purity, film deposition, turbine blades, and automotive parts.

1995-01-01

62

Ewing's sarcoma: treatment and prognosis

Describes performance of excavator teeth manufactured with a new hard alloy. The alloy was developed by the Donetskii Politeknicheskii Institute. Its composition consists of a high-chromium steel with a larger amount of titanium than serial alloy, and a nitrogen additive. Trial tests of new alloy teeth were carried out in the Severnyi and Vershinskii coal surface mines. The teeth were attached to EhRP, EhPG and EhR bucket wheel excavators. Abrasive wear of 129 experimental teeth and 134 serial teeth was compared for different excavation conditions. Test results are tabulated; advantages of the new experimental teeth are listed. 3 refs.

1993-07-01

63

Concentrated particle-hole strength observed in 0h#omega# stretched-state excitations

The results of treatment of 134 cases of morphologically-verified localized Ewing's sarcoma were evaluated. A comparative analysis showed relapse-free survival to be significantly lower for radiation treatment (23 %) than for its combination with various cytostatic drugs. Two-year relapse-free survival rate was as high as 43 % in cases receiving sarcolysin or cyclophosphamide as adjuvants. This was matched by 47 % for adjuvant ardiamycin or carminomycin and 56 % for adriamycin plus cyclophosphamide and vincristine. Evaluation of long-term results of adjuvant chemotherapy showed sex, age and site involvement to be of certain prognostic value.

64

Angular distributions of light charged particles from /sup 252/Cf fission in the ranges 0-46/sup 0/ and 134-180/sup 0/

The wide-angle spectra of the 134-MeV (p,n) reaction on "4"8Ca, "5"4Fe, "8"8Sr, and "2"0"8Pb are each dominated by the excitation of a single state at low excitation energy. These excitations correspond to the ''0h#omega#'' stretched states and are seen to be fragmented much less than ''1h#omega#'' stretched states in medium- and heavy-mass nuclei. The normalization factors required for comparison with distorted-wave impulse-approximation calculations are >0.50 and indicate that these are the purest particle-hole states known in these nuclei.

65

Targeting Prostate Cancer Cells In Vivo Using a Rapidly Internalizing Novel Human Single-Chain Antibody Fragment

Alpha particles, tritons, deuterons and protons accompanying /sup 252/Cf fission were registered in coincidence with both fission fragments by means of a system containing two-dimensional position-sensitive silicon detectors. Angular distributions, kinetic energy spectra of light charged particles as well as mass distributions of fission fragments in coincidence with light charged particles were measured. The experimental results are compared with some theoretical models.

1985-06-03

66

Mean energies of photoneutron spectra for sup(67,70)Zn, sup(74,77)Se, sup(84,86,87,88)Sr, sup(181)Ta and sup(183)W isotopes

Human antibodies targeting prostate cancer cell surface epitopes may be useful for imaging and therapy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the tumor targeting of an internalizing human...Full Text Available

2010-03-01

67

Isoform-level microRNA-155 target prediction using RNA-seq

... reactions selenium 74 target selenium 77 target strontium 84 target strontium

1986-04-15

68

Delineating Bacteriostatic and Bactericidal Targets in Mycobacteria Using IPTG Inducible Antisense Expression

Computational prediction of microRNA targets remains a challenging problem. The existing rule-based, data-driven and expression profiling approaches to target prediction are mostly approached from the...Full Text Available

2011-05-01

69

A thermal hydraulic investigation on ADSR liquid lead target

In order to identify novel high value antibacterial targets it is desirable to delineate whether the inactivation of the target enzyme will lead to bacterial death or stasis. This knowledge is particularly...Full Text Available

70

The response of small scale rigid targets to shallow buried explosive detonations

Computational fluid dynamics(CFD) code FLUENT was used to simulate the thermal hydraulic processes occurring in conceptual design of the accelerator-driven subcritical reactor(ADSR) liquid lead target. The purpose of the analysis is to investigate the thermal hydraulic characteristics of liquid lead as ADSR target material with various target geometries and injection locations of proton beam. In the calculation analysis, the local temperature of the liquid lead target rises to the boiling temperature very rapidly. When the proton beam is injected from the bottom of the target system, the duration time to reach the boiling temperature is longer and the temperature distribution is flatter than other cases.

1998-05-01

71

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Experimental and computational investigations were performed in order to better understand the mechanical response of rigid targets with various geometries to the detonation of shallow buried explosives. The motion of the targets was measured by use of high-speed digital video photography. This work involved flat targets, targets that were downwardly convex, and targets that were downwardly concave with explosive charges located at various positions beneath the targets. It was observed that, in general, angled hulls - whether downwardly concave or convex - tended to reduce the amount of momentum imparted to the center of mass of the targets. Computations were performed by use of an arbitrary Langrangian-Eulerian treatment in a nonlinear finite element code. A model based on quasi-static te...

2011-01-01

72

Targeting a Ruthenium Complex to the Nucleus with Short Peptides

Target stations and beam dumps for the CERN SPS

In an effort to develop octahedral metal complexes as chemotherapeutic and diagnostic agents targeted to DNA, it is critical to optimize the properties of their cellular uptake. Appending d-octaarginine...Full Text Available

2010-05-15

73

Suitability of a New Plant Invader as a Target for Biological Control in Florida

The design of the absorber blocks for internal and external dumping of the SPS proton beam is discussed. In addition, the external target stations for slow and fast extracted proton beams are described.

1977-03-16

74

Nato SCI-12 on Camouflage Evaluation Workshop on Search and Target ...

... L. Sutton. 2000. Is the aquatic weed hygrophila, Hygrophila polysperma (Polemoniales: Acanthaceae), a suitable target for classical biological ... ...

75

FOR THIN AND THICK TARGETS - NASA Technical Report Server (NTRS)

Nato SCI-12 on Camouflage Evaluation Workshop on Search and Target Acquisition The Netherlands, June 1999. Image Discrimination Models for Object Detection ...

76

Scale prevention with special reference to threshold treatment

By W. Wayne Scott. Langley Research Center. SUMMARY. Thin- and thick-target bremsstrahlung spectra are presented for electron energies up to 7.0 MeV. ...

77

Esophageal Complications Following Aluminium Phosphide Ingestion: An Emerging Issue Among Survivors of Poisoning

Various chemical, physical, and mechanical methods to prevent unwanted deposition of mineral scale are described. The suitability of the different methods, which largely depends on the specific features and requirements of the system involved, is discussed. Special emphasis is placed upon the threshold treatment, where the growth process is retarded by the addition of trace amounts of growth inhibitors. Growth experiments have been performed on barium sulfate and calcium sulfate dihydrate seed crystals, suspended in a supersaturated solution with and without organic bisphosphonates as inhibitors. Two methods are selected for the analysis of the growth data. A degree of inhibition is defined to obtain a quantitative description of the influence of a growth inhibitor on the growth rate of the crystals. In addition the influence of the molecular structure of various bisphosphonates with different substituents is shown. The effect of a bisphosphonate on the geometry of ...

1983-01-01

78

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Aluminium phosphide ingestion is the most common agricultural poisoning in suburban and rural India and with a high mortality rate. Among survivors of acute poisoning there are recent sporadic reports of esophageal complications such as esophageal strictures and tracheo-esophageal fistula. The present study was carried out to determine the incidence, natural history, and treatment outcome of local esophageal complications in survivors of aluminium phosphide poisoning with complaints of dysphagia. All confirmed cases of poisoning with aluminium phosphide ingestion were admitted in Hamidia Hospital, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, from October 2007 to October 2008. Survivors with complaints of dysphagia underwent a barium study and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy to d...

2010-01-01

79

Endoscopic management of congenital esophageal stenosis

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Background/Purpose: Congenital esophageal stenosis (CES) is a rare malformation. Endoscopic dilations represent a therapeutic option. This study retrospectively evaluated the efficacy and safety of a conservative treatment of CES. Patients and Methods: Patients diagnosed with CES since 1980 by a barium study or endoscopy were reviewed. Endoscopic ultrasonography (Olympus UM-3R-20-MHz radial miniprobe, Olympus Corporation, Tokyo, Japan), available from 2001, allowed for the differential diagnosis of tracheobronchial remnants (TBR) and fibromuscular hypertrophy (FMH) CES. All children underwent conservative treatment by endoscopic dilations (hydrostatic and Savary). Results: Forty-seven patients (20 men) had CES. Fifteen were associated with esophageal atresia; and 8, with Down syndrome. Mea...

2011-01-01

80

Development of sealing insulator for electric penetration assemblies

Design and development of an innovative hybrid powder based on a computer simulation and its application to foundation makeup products

Electrical penetration assemblies mounted on the containment wall are used to carry electrical power and signals from the equipment inside this containment (e.g. recirculation pumps, control rod position indications etc.) Todays BWR nuclear power plants apply epoxy resin sealed electric penetration. Contrariwise, the epoxy resin (organic sealant) was replaced with sodium barium glass (inorganic) by way of trial in search for a quality sealant. The glass sealant has been proved to have high temperature airtightness at 300 degC above from an evaluation test involving full-scale model parts. Environmental tests were conducted continuously as to heat cycle, vibration and LOCA etc. the specimens (module) of five types. They were made certain of conformity to the design requirements for boiling water operation. (author).

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81

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

An innovative hybrid powder prepared using computer simulation allowed development of a new foundation having a fine, smooth texture that has never been achieved before. The optical structure/design of the powder was based on the results of measurements and analyses conducted on the optical characteristics of a baby's delicate skin, which is the envy of many women. To obtain the optimal optical characteristics, the finite differential time domain (FDTD) method for solving Maxwell's differential equation by difference and time domain was applied to the computer simulation method. For synthesis of the hybrid powder based on the optical model, a proprietary shape regulation coating technology was used in which flaky substrates were coated with microspherical forms of barium sulfate crystals. ...

2008-01-01

82

Chemistry of strontium

Characterization of Y2BaCuO5 nanoparticles synthesized by nano-emulsion method

This paper describes stable strontium as composed of four stable isotopes ( Sr 88, Sr 87, Sr 86, and Sr 84), of which Sr 88 contributes more than 82% to its composition. Strontium exists in three crystalline, plymorphic forms; face-centered cubic alpha form, hexagonal beta form and body-centered cubic gamma form. Strontium occupies in many physicochemical aspects an intermediate position between calcium and barium, as does the solubility of strontium salts. As a result of its oxidation potential, strontium readily forms oxides, halides, and sulfide. The author proposes that the slight discrimination against strontium incorporation into bony tissues may be due to the difference in ionic potential (14%) between strontium and calcium. Ionic potential is an indicator of the strength of ionic bonds: strontium has a smaller ratio of ionic charge to ionic radius when compared with calcium.

83

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Nanoscale yttrium?barium?copper oxide (Y2BaCuO5, Y211) particles were synthesized using the emulsion method and the solution method. The basic water-in-oil (w/o) emulsion system consisted of n-octane (continuous oil phase), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (cationic surfactant), butanol (cosurfactant) and water. The composition of the emulsion system was varied and characterized by measuring the conductivity of the solutions and droplet size. The droplet size of emulsion was determined by using the dynamic light scattering method. The water content, cosurfactant content, and surfactant/n-octane ratio affected the droplet size which was in the range of 3?8?nm, and hence the w/o emulsion system was referred to as a nano-emulsion system. A model was used to verify the droplet size. The influenc...

2007-01-01

84

Ceramic injection molding

Catalytic desulfurization of organic sulfur compounds over zeolite catalysts

Interest in making complex net-shape ceramic parts with good surface finishing and sharp tolerances without machining is a driving force for studying the injection molding technique. This method consists of softhening the ceramic material by means of adding some plastic and heating in order to inject the mixture under pressure into a relatively cold mold where solidification takes place. Essentially, it is the same process used in thermoplastic industry but, in the present case, the ceramic powder load ranges between 80 to 90 wt.%. This work shows results obtained from the fabrication of pieces of different ceramic materials (alumina, barium titanate ferrites, etc.) in a small scale, using equipments developed and constructed in the laboratory. (Author).

1988-11-01

85

Barium carbonate sediment sampling for inorganic dissolved carbon using isotope mass ratio spectrometer

In the dehydrodesulfurization of ethanethiol at 400/sup 0/C, the activities of sodium X, Y, and A zeolites decreased in the order given as did the activities of nickel, cobalt, zinc, cadmium, copper, silver, lead, manganese, barium, calcium, sodium, and iron Y zeolite catalysts. A volcano-shape order was observed between the catalytic activity and the electronegativity of the metal ions. The changes in the activity of hydrogen Y zeolite catalyst in ethanethiol dehydrodesulfurization and cumene dealkylation by calcination agreed with the decrease in the Broensted acidity but were independent of Lewis acidity. For hydrodesulfurization of thiophene, the activities of nickel, cobalt, copper, and silver Y zeolite catalysts decreased in the order given and were greater than for a commercial hydrodesulfurization catalyst; reduced and presulfided catalysts showed selective hydrodesulfurization activity. Addition of 5% of nickel or molybdenum oxides to cobalt or nickel Y ...

1980-01-01

86

A method for preventing cathodic deposition of molybdenum subchloride in LiCl-KCl molten salt

This paperwork explain the method of water sampling to obtain the precipitate of BaCO3 solutions that will be used to analyze 13C from field work in Kelana Jaya, Selangor, Langkawi, Kedah and Taiping, Perak. The sampling involves collecting of water samples for groundwater from boreholes and surface water from canal, river, pond and ex-mining pond from several locations at the study sites. This study also elaborates the instruments and chemicals used. The main purpose of this sampling is to obtain the precipitate of BaCO3 for 13C analysis of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). A correct sampling method according to standard is very important to ensure an accurate and precise result. With this, the data from the laboratory analysis result can be fully utilized to make the interpretation of the pollutants movement. (Author)

2009-10-06

87

Target area chamber system design for the National Ignition Facility

Effects of ions of Group IA, IIA, IIIB, and VIIB elements on the cathodic deposition of a molybdenum were investigated in a KCl-LiCl (eutectic)-MoCl/sub 3/ molten salt at 773 K (500/degree/C). The results can be summarized as follows: The addition of potassium, rubidium, cesium, and barium cations and fluorine anions to the KCl-LiCl (eutectic)-MoCl/sub 3/ molten salt is effective in depressing the cathodic deposition of the molybdenum subchloride, which hinders the smooth, flat electrodeposition of molybdenum. The addition of lithium, sodium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, and aluminum cations and bromine and iodine anions promotes the undesirable cathodic deposition of the molybdenum subchloride.

1989-01-01

88

The National Ignition Facility (NIF) is a proposed Department of Energy facility which will contribute to the resolution of important Defense Program and inertial fusion energy issues for energy production in the future. The NIF will consist of a laser system with 192 independent beamlets transported to a target chamber. The target chamber is a multi-purpose structure that provides the interface between the target and the laser optics. The chamber must be capable of achieving moderate vacuum levels in reasonable times; it must remain dimensionally stable within micron tolerances, provide support for the optics, diagnostics, and target positioner; it must minimize the debris from the x-ray and laser light environments; and it must be capable of supporting external neutron shielding. The chamber must also be fabricated from a low neutron activation material. The fusion reaction in the ...

1994-06-19

89

Target R and D at JAERI

Optical System Design for Thermal Target Recognition by Spiral Scanning [TRSS

We proposed a solid and a mercury target concepts through the preliminary conceptual design. To feasible these concepts, analysis and experimental works are being carried out. This paper introduces an outline of present status of target R and D such as heat transfer augmentation experiments for the solid target, mercury flow tests with a loop of maximum flow rate of 15L/min, flow pattern measurements for a cold source moderator etc. as well as preliminary conceptual design works. (author)

1999-03-01

90

Inelastic scattering and neutron transfer induced by {sup 11}Be on a heavy target nucleus

Full Text Available

2004-12-01

91

Cryogenic heat pipe-target with aluminum condenser for the COSY-TOF experiment

Short communication.

1994-12-31

92

A Design of Position Tracking System for Moving Targets with Multi-Sensors

No abstract prepared.

2002-03-01

93

Testing of the Schlema waste dump leachates cleaning system on a pilot-plant scale. Research report No. 92005

Full Text Available

2010-01-01

94

Stochastic risk estimation from medical x-ray diagnostic examinations, 2

The concentrations of uranium, arsenic, and radium remain well below the maximum permissible values of < 0.1 mg/l (uranium), < 0.1 mg/l (arsenic) and < 100 mBq/l (radium) due to two separation stages with barium sulfate and GoPur 3000 precipitation and due to iron hydroxide/iron arsenate precipitation. The radioactive arsenates can be separated from the toxic ones by separating the sludge which is analyzed. Processing of radioactive sludges leaves reusable GoPur 3000, sulfuric solutions which contain uranium or solutions which contain carbonate, and radioactive barium sulfate whose radiation intensity of 12 mBq/g is due to the presence of radium. The sludge produced contains adsorbed salts in addition to the dosed chemicals (floated sludges: 40 g/m"3, iron sludges < 20 g/m"3). A solids content < 100 g/m"3 can be selected for both sludge portions. Static-mixer chemicals dosing and technical improvements of the tubular reactor are ...

95

Early and Late Bowel Complication Following Irradiation of Cancer of the Uterine Cervix-Whole Pelvis External Irradiation end High-Dose-Rate Interactively Irradiation

The risks of genetic, leukemia and malignant diseases from medical X-ray diagnostic examinations were estimated using the frequency of radiographic and fluoroscopic exposures per diagnostic examination, child expectancy, leukemia and malignancy significant factors, and using a weighting factor determined on the basis of data concerning the cancer mortality among atomic bomb survivors in Nagasaki and of a recommendation of International Commission of Radiological Protection. The organ or tissue doses with respect to the stochastic risks were determined with ionization chambers and thermoluminescent dosimeters placed at the positions of the organs or tissues in a RANDO woman phantom which was exposed to diagnostic X-rays according to technical factors of typical radiographic and fluoroscopic examinations obtained from a nationwide survey. The resultant risks by age-group and type of radiographic and fluoroscopic examination are tabulated in terms of risk level of 10"-"6. In general, the ...

1981-01-01

96

A He-gas Cooled, Stationary Granular Target

Cervix cancer is the most common female cancer in Korea. In spite of their relatively local invasive tendency, still 44% of patient will develop recurrent cancer This result suggests that more aggressive local treatment may increase the cure rate but increased complication risk also cannot be avoidable. Various institutions proposed different treatment regimen, but recommended dose were about 4500 cGy for whole pelvis and 8000 cGy at point A, even though they agreed that those doses may not be satisfactory for control of bulky disease. 96 cases of invasive cervical cancer, treated with postoperative or primary radiation therapy were analyzed to determine the complication rate and prognostic factor in our treatment regimen which is 500-1000 cGy higher than other institution. Mean follow up duration was 21 months. Symptomatic patients including mild but persistent abdominal discomfort was 46%, but only 1 patient (1%) had operative treatment because of incomplete obstruction of small ...

1989-06-01

97

Rate and mechanism of the atmospheric degradation of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a)

In the CERN approach to the design of a neutrino factory, the repetition frequency of the proton beam is high enough to consider stationary solid targets as a viable solution for multi-MW beams. The target consists of high density tantalum spheres of 2 mm diameter which can efficiently be cooled by passing a high mass flow He-gas stream through the voids between the Ta-granules. Very small thermal shocks and stresses will arise in this fine grained structure due to the relatively long burst of 3.3 ms from the SPL-proton linac. In a quadruple target system where each target receives only one quarter of the total beam power of 4 MW, conservative temperature levels and adequate lifetimes of the target are estimated in its very high radiation environment. A conceptual design of the integration of the target into the magnetic horn-pion-collector is presented.

2003-01-01

98

Report on breast milk examinations carried out in Lower Saxony from 1987 until 1990

The atmospheric chemical behaviour of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CF{sub 3}CFH{sub 2}, HFC-134a) with respect to its rate and mechanism of degradation in the troposphere has been investigated. The rate coefficient for the reaction of (1a) CF{sub 3}CFH{sub 2}+OH{yields}CF{sub 3}CFH+H{sub 2}O has been determined in direct time-resolved experiments using laser-pulse initiation and laser long-path absorption. A value of k{sub 1a}=(4.6{+-}0.5).10{sup -15} cm{sup 3}/s at T=295 K has been found. The ratio of the rate coefficients for the reactions of the CF{sub 3}CFHO-radical with O{sub 2}, (4) CF{sub 3}CFHO+O{sub 2}{yields}CF{sub 3}CFO+HO{sub 2}, and C-C bond fission, (5) CF{sub 3}CFHO+M{yields}CFHO+CF{sub 3}+M, for T=295 K and p{sub total}=50 mbar (O{sub 2}) has been obtained to be k{sub 4}/(k{sub 5}[M])=1.5.10{sup -19} cm{sup 3}, with the individual values being k{sub 4}=2.7.10{sup -15} cm{sup 3}/s and k{sub 5}[M]=1.8.10{sup 4} s{sup -1}. The mechanism of the ...

1996-05-01

99

Products of motor burnout. Second quarterly technical report, October 1, 1994--December 31, 1994

In the group of persistent aromatic hydrocarbons, the highest values were determined for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), total DDT and hexachlorobenzene (HBC). Comparisons of the relevant median values for the past six years led to the conclusion that the steep initial decline in the breast milk concentrations of DDT and HBC was followed by reductions at a much lower pace in the years after 1987. The time course of the concentration of the total PCB did not appear to follow any particular pattern. The mean contents of lead and cadmium remained by a wide margin below the threshold values for these heavy metals and thus were of no relevance from the toxicological point of view. It was found that the 134 and 137 cesium isotopes constituted no particular health hazard for breast-fed infants, as the relevant concentrations in breast milk were low. (VHE).

100

Numerical simulations of nucleate boiling in impinging jets: Applications in power electronics cooling

The OSP (Operating Safety Procedure) required for performance of electrical arc testing of CFC replacement fluids was renewed. Electrical breakdown tests at one atmosphere pressure have been performed for R-22, R-134a, and R-125/R-143a (50:50 blend; R-507), and breakdown products identified. No differences in HCFC breakdown products are seen in the presence or absence of lubricant oils. The design of the high pressure-high temperature test stand has been finalized, and construction initiated during this quarter. Three motor stators and rotors were received from Tecumseh Products Company for use in motor burnout tests. A test plan for the motor breakdown tests is in preparation.

1995-01-15

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101

Loss of cell components during rehydration of dried Rhodotorula glutinis and its implications for lead uptake

Boiling jet impingement cooling is currently being explored to cool power electronics components. In hybrid vehicles, inverters are used for DC-AC conversion. These inverters involve a number of insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs), which are used as on/off switches. The heat dissipated in these transistors can result in heat fluxes of up to 200 W/cm{sup 2}, which makes the thermal management problem quite important. In this paper, turbulent jet impingement involving nucleate boiling is explored numerically. The framework for these computations is the CFD code FLUENT. For nucleate boiling, the Eulerian multiphase model is used. The numerical results for boiling water and R113 jets (submerged) are validated against existing experimental data in the literature. Some representative IGBT package simulations that use R134a as the cooling fluid are also presented. (author)

2008-01-15

102

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Microbial cells are routinely dried and ground before they are used in metal biosorption studies. In this work, a metal biosorbent was prepared by drying biomass of the yeast Rhodotorula glutinis in an oven at 70C for 24-h followed by grinding. Two forms of the prepared biosorbent particles, washed and unwashed, were examined for their ability to remove lead from solution. It was found that the unwashed biosorbent exhibited higher lead uptake than the washed biosorbent. Analysis of the supernatant of washed cells incubated in water and that of unwashed cells incubated in lead solution revealed the presence of protein, carbohydrates, organic acids and inorganic phosphate. Overall, the washed and unwashed cells leached, respectively, 14.5 and 13.4% of their initial dry weight (100-m...

2011-01-01

103

Landscape pattern MACRS analysis and the optimal utilization of Shiyang River Basin based on RS and GIS approach

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Chose the arid interior district Shiyang River basin four issues of Landsat/TM images from 1986 to 2006 to visually interpret, and analyze the natural succession of ecological environment and the landscape pattern characteristic under the human activity interference. The results showed that in past 20years, the number of landscape patch has increased, but the average patch size was decreasing, which explained that the landscape fragmentation degree was increasing, the landscape integrity was declining. The edge density of landscape remained invariable basically, which explained its stability maintained good. The diversity and evenness index continually enhanced, the diversity increased from 0.73 in 1986 to 0.84 in 2006. The mean core patch area of study area reduced from134.47hm2 in 1994 t...

2009-01-01

104

Energy concepts and the environment

Electrical properties of a calix[4]acid/amine Langmuir-Blodgett thin film

The paper discusses a number of recent studies investigating into the energy conservation and environmental impacts of electric heating systems (off-peak storage systems). In future, i.e. in and after 1993, off-peak storage systems will be evaluated through comparative analyses of oil-fired heating systems, pollutant emission analyses, the eventual success of pollution abatement measures designed for power plant emissions to keep within the legal limiting values, and the possible abandonment of pollution abatement measures abroad. Opposing the electric heating studies submitted by the electric power industry the author refutes their favourable results referring to the palliative selection of inadequate or vague parameters. Assuming average power plant pollutant emissions of 180 mg/standard/sup 3/ the nitrogen oxide emissions of oil-fired heating systems (134.1 kg/Tj) are found to be below those of off-peak storage systems (242.5 kg/Tj).

1988-03-01

105

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In this work the DC and AC characteristics for metal-LB film-metal structures deposited by a standard Langmuir-Blodgett film deposition technique are investigated. The conduction mechanism has been studied for a thin film structure in which a calix[4]arene substituted with carboxylic acid groups has been deposited alternately with a calix[4]arene molecule substituted with amine groups. This LB film structure shows a typical insulating behaviour for low voltage values and the Schottky effect becomes dominant when the voltage increases. The conductivity at low voltage values was found to be 1.34x10^-^1^3Scm^-^1. The height of the potential barrier was determined to be 1.65eV for this alternate layer LB film system.

2011-01-01

106

Consequences of the Chernobyl reactor accident with respect to the feeding of infants

Biomechanical properties of the femoral neck relative to osteosynthesis methods and bone mineral content assessed by computed tomography

In view of the persisting and understandable fear of parents with regard to radioactivity in the food of their babies as a consequence of the Chernobyl reactor accident, the Commission on Nutrition of the Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Kinderheilkunde (German Society of Pediatrics) and the Strahlenschutzkommission have published a statement. According to this statement, the maximum permissible level of radioactivity in commercial baby food has been fixed by the EC to be 370 Bq/kg. The dietetic food industry itself has fixed a maximum for its products which is only a tenth of the radioactivity level permitted by the EC directive. The milk powders for infants tested since the reactor accident contained no measurable radioactivity or only very low amounts of Cs 134 or Cs 137, correspondung to a maximum of 25 Bq/kg in the product. Late damage to health is not to be expected. (orig./ECB).

107

An in situ observation of the growth kinetics and stress relaxation Pd sub 2 Si thin films on Si(111)

Bone mineral content as determined by computerized tomography (CT) and mechanical strength on axial loading were compared in 36 cadaveric femur specimens. Based on the CT measurements of density and area, the mass of a transverse slice of the femur was estimated. Highly significant correlations were demonstrated between strength and cancellous bone density. Even higher correlations were revealed when the bone masses of the proximal and distal femoral areas were calculated. Based on these findings, an equal distribution of the effective mass of the femur was postulated. This hypothesis was confirmed in an experimental rotational model. The CT attenuation values were also correlated to direct measurements of bone mineral content, i.e. calcium. Moreover, the strength of different metal implants, commonly used in femoral neck fractures, were assessed in cadaver specimens. 134 refs., 13 figs., 12 tabs.

108

An in situ observation of the growth kinetics and stress relaxation Pd sub 2 Si thin films on Si(111)

The growth of the Pd{sub 2}Si thin fllms on Si(111) substrates has been monitored by an {ital in} {ital situ} x-ray diffraction technique in vacuum and in helium atmosphere from 160 to 250 {degree}C. A familiar parabolic growth rate was found, confirming the diffusion-controlled film growth process. The activation energies were found to be 1.34 and 1.37 eV for the measurements performed in vacuum and helium environment, respectively. Stress relaxation in the growing Pd{sub 2}Si fllm was observed when the reaction temperature exceeds 200 {degree}C. The relaxed films showed a higher degree of texture as evidenced by the rocking curve measurements.

1990-04-15

109

The comparative uptake and interaction of several radionuclides in the trophic levels surrounding the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility (LAMPF) waste water ponds

The growth of the Pd{sub 2}Si thin fllms on Si(111) substrates has been monitored by an {ital in} {ital situ} x-ray diffraction technique in vacuum and in helium atmosphere from 160 to 250 {degree}C. A familiar parabolic growth rate was found, confirming the diffusion-controlled film growth process. The activation energies were found to be 1.34 and 1.37 eV for the measurements performed in vacuum and helium environment, respectively. Stress relaxation in the growing Pd{sub 2}Si fllm was observed when the reaction temperature exceeds 200 {degree}C. The relaxed films showed a higher degree of texture as evidenced by the rocking curve measurements.

1990-04-15

110

The comparative uptake and interaction of several radionuclides in the trophic levels surrounding the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility (LAMPF) waste water ponds

A study was undertaken to examine the uptake, distribution, and interaction of five activation products (Co-57, Be-7, Cs-134, Rb-83, and Mn-54) within the biotic and abiotic components surrounding the waste treatment lagoons of the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility (LAMPF). The study attempted to ascertain where, and what specific interactions were taking place among the isotopes and the biotic/abiotic components. A statistical approach, utilizing Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA), was conducted testing the radioisotopic concentrations by (1) the trophic levels (TROPLVL) in each position sampled on the grid, (2) where sampled on the grid (TRAN), (3) where sampled with-in each grid line (PLOT), and (4) the side with which sampled (SIDE). This provided both the dependent and independent variables that would be tested. The Null Hypothesis (Ho) tested the difference in the mean values of the isotopes within/between each of the four independent variables. The ...

1983-05-01

111

Report on breast milk examinations carried out in Lower Saxony from 1987 until 1990; Bericht ueber die in Niedersachsen von 1987-1990 durchgefuehrten Muttermilchuntersuchungen

A study was undertaken to examine the uptake, distribution, and interaction of five activation products (Co-57, Be-7, Cs-134, Rb-83, and Mn-54) within the biotic and abiotic components surrounding the waste treatment lagoons of the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility (LAMPF). The study attempted to ascertain where, and what specific interactions were taking place among the isotopes and the biotic/abiotic components. A statistical approach, utilizing Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA), was conducted testing the radioisotopic concentrations by (1) the trophic levels (TROPLVL) in each position sampled on the grid, (2) where sampled on the grid (TRAN), (3) where sampled with-in each grid line (PLOT), and (4) the side with which sampled (SIDE). This provided both the dependent and independent variables that would be tested. The Null Hypothesis (Ho) tested the difference in the mean values of the isotopes within/between each of the four independent variables. The ...

1989-08-01

112

Variation in the Definition of Clinical Target Volumes for Pelvic Nodal Conformal Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer

In the group of persistent aromatic hydrocarbons, the highest values were determined for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), total DDT and hexachlorobenzene (HBC). Comparisons of the relevant median values for the past six years led to the conclusion that the steep initial decline in the breast milk concentrations of DDT and HBC was followed by reductions at a much lower pace in the years after 1987. The time course of the concentration of the total PCB did not appear to follow any particular pattern. The mean contents of lead and cadmium remained by a wide margin below the threshold values for these heavy metals and thus were of no relevance from the toxicological point of view. It was found that the 134 and 137 cesium isotopes constituted no particular health hazard for breast-fed infants, as the relevant concentrations in breast milk were low. (VHE) [Deutsch] In der Gruppe der persistenten Chlorkohlenwasserstoffe werden die hoechsten Konzentrationen bei den ...

1992-02-01

113

Targeted nanoparticles that deliver a sustained, specific release of paclitaxel to irradiated tumors

PurposeWe conducted a comparative study of Clinical Target Volume (CTV) definition of pelvic lymph nodes by multiple GU radiation oncologists looking at the levels...Full Text Available

2009-06-01

114

Targeted Deletion of Somatotroph Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Signaling in a Cell-Specific Knockout Mouse Model

To capitalize on the response of tumor cells to ionizing radiation, we developed a controlled-release nanoparticle drug delivery system using a targeting peptide that recognizes a radiation-induced...Full Text Available

2010-06-01

115

Specific genetic modifications of domestic animals by gene targeting and animal cloning

The role of IGF-I in the negative regulation of GH expression and release is demonstrated by in vitro and in vivo models; however, the targets and mechanisms of IGF-I...Full Text Available

2010-05-01

116

Selective imaging of adherent targeted ultrasound contrast agents

The technology of gene targeting through homologous recombination has been extremely useful for elucidating gene functions in mice. The application of this technology was thought impossible in the large...Full Text Available

117

National Newborn Screening Status Reports

The goal of ultrasonic molecular imaging is the detection of targeted contrast agents bound to receptors on endothelial cells. We propose imaging methods that can distinguish adherent microbubbles...Full Text Available

2007-04-21

118

Inhibitors of RecA Activity Discovered by High-Throughput Screening: Cell-Permeable Small Molecules Attenuate the SOS Response in Escherichia coli

... detected (and reported) as a by-product of MRM screening (MS/MS) targeted by Law or Rule ... detected (and reported) as a by-product of MRM screening (MS/MS) targeted by Law or Rule ...

119

How DNA coiling enhances target localization by proteins

The phenomenon of antibiotic resistance has created a need for the development of novel antibiotic classes with non-classical cellular targets. Unfortunately, target-based drug discovery against...Full Text Available

2009-10-01

120

Evolutionary conservation of a microbody targeting signal that targets proteins to peroxisomes, glyoxysomes, and glycosomes

Many genetic processes depend on proteins interacting with specific sequences on DNA. Despite the large excess of nonspecific DNA in the cell, proteins can locate their targets rapidly. After initial...Full Text Available

2008-10-14

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121

Efficient use of accessibility in microRNA target prediction

Peroxisomes, glyoxysomes, glycosomes, and hydrogenosomes have each been classified as microbodies, i.e., subcellular organelles with an electron-dense matrix that is bound by a single membrane. We investigated...Full Text Available

1991-09-01

122

Coordination of PAD4 and HDAC2 in the regulation of p53 target gene expression

Considering accessibility of the 3′UTR is believed to increase the precision of microRNA target predictions. We show that, contrary to common belief, ranking by the hybridization energy or by...Full Text Available

2011-01-01

123

Concurrent schedule control of human visual target fixations1

Histone Arg methylation and Lys acetylation have been found to cooperatively regulate the expression of p53 target genes. Peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) is an enzyme that citrullinates...Full Text Available

2010-05-27

124

Biphasic targeting and cleavage furrow ingression directed by the tail of a myosin II

Operant conditioning techniques were applied to the study of how target fixations are controlled by the probability of signal occurrence. In a standard vigilance setting, gaze at three illuminable...Full Text Available

1973-11-01

125

Assessment of nodal target definition and dosimetry using three different techniques: implications for re-defining the optimal pelvic field in endometrial cancer

Cytokinesis in animal and fungal cells utilizes a contractile actomyosin ring (AMR). However, how myosin II is targeted to the division site and promotes AMR assembly, and how the AMR coordinates with...Full Text Available

2010-12-27

126

Observation of high permittivity in Ho substituted BaZr_0_._1Ti_0_._9O_3 ceramics

Purposes1. To determine the optimal pelvic nodal clinical target volume for post-operative treatment of endometrial cancer. 2. To compare the DVH of different treatment planning...Full Text Available

127

Local structure of Ca dopant in BaTiO_3 by Ca K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure and first-principles calculations

The authors observed an extremely high permittivity (#approx#35 000 at T_C) in barium zirconate titanate (BaZr_0_._1Ti_0_._9O_3) ceramics with holmium substitution (1-5 mol %) in Ba site. Careful microstructural investigation and energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis of the 1-2 mol % of Ho substituted ceramics showed the enrichment of a Ho-phase along the grain boundaries with a composition close to the Ho_2Ti_2O_7 pyrochlore. The formation of Ho rich phase resulted in the Maxwell-Wagner polarization mechanism, which leads to this unusually high permittivity. Ceramics with 3 mol % or higher Ho content showed lesser permittivity values compared to 1-2 mol %, probably due to the increase in pyrochlore phase. These high dielectric constant ceramics are useful in nanoscale devices.

2007-07-09

128

Effect of Ho^3^+ substitutions on the structural and magnetic properties of BaFe12O19 hexaferrites

The local environment of Ca dopants in barium titanate, BaTiO_3, is investigated by Ca K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. In conjunction with experiments, first-principles calculations by two methods are systematically made. The projector-augmented wave (PAW) method is used to optimize the local structure and obtain the formation energy. The augmented plane wave plus local orbitals method is adopted to obtain theoretical XANES spectra. A comparison between experimental and theoretical XANES spectra shows that Ca dopants are located at the Ba"2"+ sites forming Ca"2"+. Formation energy calculations of Ca doped BaTiO_3 by the PAW method also give the same results. The Ca atom in BaTiO_3 is off-centering in comparison with the Ba site in BaTiO_3. The off-centering of Ca atom is newly revealed by the combination of XANES spectroscopy and first-principles DFT calculations.

2010-06-01

129

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Holmium doped barium based hexaferrites BaFe12-2xHo2xO19 with (x=0.0-1.0) were synthesized by solid state reaction method. Structural and magnetic characterization of these ferrites provide significant information about their reactive physical properties. X-ray analysis reveals that in all samples M-type structure exist with few secondary phases. Scanning electron microscope revealed the grain size of the specimen. The results show that grain size decreases with the substitution degree of Holmium. Thus rare earth element Holmium Ho^3^+ acts as a grain growth inhibitor. The magnetic hysteresis loops show the variation in the values of magnetic parameters like saturation magnetization (Ms), remanent magnetization (Mr) and coercivity (Hc) were observed by changing Ho^3^+ content in BaFe12-2xH...

2010-01-01

130

Effect of Ho"3"+ substitutions on the structural and magnetic properties of BaFe_1_2O_1_9 hexaferrites

Dielectric properties of fluxed barium titanate ceramics with zirconia additions

Holmium doped barium based hexaferrites BaFe_1_2_-_2_xHo_2_xO_1_9 with (x = 0.0-1.0) were synthesized by solid state reaction method. Structural and magnetic characterization of these ferrites provide significant information about their reactive physical properties. X-ray analysis reveals that in all samples M-type structure exist with few secondary phases. Scanning electron microscope revealed the grain size of the specimen. The results show that grain size decreases with the substitution degree of Holmium. Thus rare earth element Holmium Ho"3"+ acts as a grain growth inhibitor. The magnetic hysteresis loops show the variation in the values of magnetic parameters like saturation magnetization (M_s), remanent magnetization (M_r) and coercivity (H_c) were observed by changing Ho"3"+ content in BaFe_1_2_-_2_xHo_2_xO_1_9 ferrites. Coercivity showed a maximum value of 2230 Oe for (x = 0.4) and then decreasing trend were observed in the values of H_c, M_r and M_s with ...

2010-04-09

131

Dielectric properties of fluxed barium titanate ceramics with zirconia additions

BaTiO{sub 3} compacts, when fluxed with {lt} 2 vol% of a complex borate glass phase, were sintered to near theoretical density at temperatures {lt} 1175{degrees}C in 2 h. Microstructural analysis showed a uniform grain size {lt} 1.0 {mu}m with 0.75 wt% ZrO{sub 2} added to the flux phase as a grain growth inhibitor. TEM analysis revealed a microcrystalline grain-boundary phase with the ZrO{sub 2} resident along the grain boundaries. These samples displayed an essentially flat dielectric profile, low dissipation factors ({lt} 2%) over the range 25{degrees} to 125{degrees}C, a near linear dependence ({approx} {+-} 15%) between 25{degrees} and {minus} 55{degrees}C, and significantly increased voltage stability. X-ray diffraction analysis of these small-grained materials indicates a suppression of the tetragonal structure toward a more cubic modification.

1990-03-01

132

Three-quasiparticle states in "1"7"7Ta

BaTiO_3 compacts, when fluxed with < 2 vol% of a complex borate glass phase, were sintered to near theoretical density at temperatures < 1175 degrees C in 2 h. Microstructural analysis showed a uniform grain size < 1.0 #mu#m with 0.75 wt% ZrO_2 added to the flux phase as a grain growth inhibitor. TEM analysis revealed a microcrystalline grain-boundary phase with the ZrO_2 resident along the grain boundaries. These samples displayed an essentially flat dielectric profile, low dissipation factors (< 2%) over the range 25 degrees to 125 degrees C, a near linear dependence (#approx# #+-# 15%) between 25 degrees and - 55 degrees C, and significantly increased voltage stability. X-ray diffraction analysis of these small-grained materials indicates a suppression of the tetragonal structure toward a more cubic modification.

133

Terrorism Knowledge Base (TKB)

... transitions lutetium 175 target mev range 10-100 multipolarity neutrons parity

134

Surgical Counter-Terrorism: Targeting Individuals as an ...

... they assisted in the 2000 attack on the USS Cole? ... List the types of targets that ETA has attacked. ... was at least partially responsible for the attack. ...

2008-04-01

135

Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Targeted to the Tumor ...

... Tanzania, and the attack on the USS COLE. ... vis another has no bearing on the legality of the attack. If the person attacked is a combatant, the use of ...

2003-02-03

136

Review of Vaccinia Virus and Baculovirus Viability Versus ...

... 1981. Retention of diphenyls, terphenyls, phenylalkanes and fluorene on graphitized thermal carbon black. Chromatographia 14:510-514. ...

2009-09-01

137

Production of polarized negative ion beams by collisional pumping

... hazards. One study targeted the effects of common household disinfectants on virus inactivation (Butcher and Ulaeto, 2005). ...

2008-03-01

138

Production of polarized negative ion beams by ''collisional pumping''

The production of polarized negative ion beams by collisional pumping is described. Collisional pumping utilizes repeated charge changing collisions in a thick electron-spin-polarized gas or vapor target to form a polarized fast atom beam. The polarized fast atom beam is then partially converted into a polarized negative ion beam in a vapor target. Analysis is presented for a hydrogen beam passing through either a thick polarized H atom target or a thick polarized alkali target. Large polarizations and large currents may be possible.

1983-01-01

139

Preparation of carrier-free yttrium-88 from strontium target by solvent extraction

The production of polarized negative ion beams by ''collisional pumping'' is described. Collisional pumping utilizes repeated charge changing collisions in a thick electron-spin-polarized gas or vapor target to form a polarized fast atom beam. The polarized fast atom beam is then partially converted into a polarized negative ion beam in a vapor target. Analysis is presented for a hydrogen beam passing through either a thick polarized H atom target or a thick polarized alkali target. Large polarizations and large currents may be possible.

1984-03-01

140

Prediction of Bacterial Proteins Carrying A Nuclear Localization Signal and Nuclear Targeting of HsdM from Klebsiella pneumoniae

... carrier-free isotopes chemical preparation gamma spectra isotope production

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141

Pairing effect in the nucleon transfer processes in quasi-elastic heavy ion scattering

Full Text Available

2009-10-01

142

Market segmentation and targeting for real time pricing

... range krypton 86 reactions molybdenum 92 target probability quasi-elastic

1987-04-14

143

Fragmentation of nuclei by particles and nuclei of intermediate and high energies

While there is growing interest in Real Time Pricing as a competitive tool, its adoption to date has been constrained by wariness on the part of many utilities and many of their customers. That wariness is not misplaced, for Real Time Pricing is not for everyone. In order for both utilities and their customers to benefit, the pricing system must be properly tailored for, and offered to, the appropriate audience. This paper discusses needs for identifying targets, implications of targeting of Real Time Pricing to various types of customers, and implications for design and marketing of such pricing systems. Examples from utility experiences are provided, and recommendations are offered for development of improved targeting of Real Time Pricing.

1996-03-01

144

Experimental determination of the ion-ion potential in the N=50 target region: a tool to probe ground-state nuclear densities

The present state of investigations into the fragmentation of target nuclei by particles and nuclei of intermediate and high energies is reviewed.

1983-11-01

145

Electron-Induced Luminescence and X-Ray Spectrometer (ELXS) System for Life Detection

No abstract prepared.

1999-07-01

146

Electromagnetic excitations in nuclei: From photon scattering to photo-dissociation

The ELXS concept is a novel, portable, micro-instrument targeted for the detection of mineralogic

2002-01-01

147

Effect of improved target designs on the "2"3"8Pu production at the Fast Flux Test Reactor

... 98 target molybdenum 99 niobium 91 photoneutrons photonuclear reactions

2006-03-20

148

Target space duality II: applications

This paper present the results of a series of calculations made to determine the "2"3"8Pu production potential of several advanced target assembly designs in the Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF). These calculations show that by using advanced target designs the intimately mix the "2"3"7Np target material with an yttrium hydride moderator, the FFTF has the potential of producing up to 30 kg of high-quality "2"3"8Pu per year.

1991-11-10

149

Gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) receptor targeted radiopharmaceuticals: A concise update

We apply the framework developed in Target space duality I: general theory. We show that both nonabelian duality and Poisson-Lie duality are examples of the general theory. We propose how the formalism leads to a systematic study of duality by studying few scenarios that lead to open questions in the theory of Lie algebras. We present evidence that there are probably new examples of irreducible target space duality.

2000-09-25

150

Effluent reduction using pinch technology: Targets for reduction and capital costs for mass exchange networks

The gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) receptor is becoming an increasingly attractive target for development of new radiolabeled peptides with diagnostic and therapeutic potential. The attractiveness of the GRP receptor as a target is based upon the functional expression of GRP receptors in several tumors of neuroendocrine origin including prostate, breast, and small cell lung cancer. This concise review outlines some of the efforts currently underway to develop new GRP receptor specific radiopharmaceuticals by employing a variety of radiometal chelation systems.

2003-11-01

151

Development of a new secondary beam separator and a new gas-jet target at Kyushu University

This paper illustrates how the techniques developed by the authors for capital cost targeting of mass exchange networks can be applied to determination of capital investment targets for reduction in effluent for existing systems involving mass exchange. The results is an impact diagram which shows the relationship between effluent reduction and capital investment, indicating a region of limiting return on investment as well as the maximum possible reduction in effluent. (au)

1999-02-01

152

Detection device for high explosives

In order to facilitate observations of low energy nuclear reactions, a new type recoil mass-separator together with a new gas-jet target system is being developed at the tandem accelerator facility in Kyushu University. The expected mass-resolving power of the separator is 220 for a solid angle of 10 msr and the practical thickness of the gas-jet target will exceed 0.1 atm#centre dot#cm for the light elements of H and He. (author).

1994-06-01

153

A Liquid Parahydrogen Target for the Measurement of a Parity-violating Gamma Asymmetry in Polarized Neutron Capture on Protons

A portable fiber optic detector that senses the presence of specific target chemicals by electrostatically attracting the target chemical to an aromatic compound coating on an optical fiber. Attaching the target chemical to the coated fiber reduces the fluorescence so that a photon sensing detector records the reduced light level and activates an appropriate alarm or indicator.

1992-01-01

154

48 CFR 952.226-73 - Energy Policy Act target group certification.

A 16 l liquid parahydrogen target has been developed for a measurement of the parity-violating {gamma}-asymmetry in the capture of polarized cold neutrons on protons in the {rvec n} + p {yields} d + {gamma} reaction by the NPDGamma collaboration. The target system was carefully designed to meet the stringent requirements on systematic effects for the experiment and also to satisfy hydrogen safety requirements. The target was designed to preserve the neutron polarization during neutron scattering on liquid hydrogen (LH{sub 2}), optimize the statistical sensitivity to the {rvec n} + p {yields} d + {gamma} reaction, minimize backgrounds coming from neutron interaction with the beam windows of the target cryostat, minimize LH{sub 2} density fluctuations which can introduce extra noise in the gamma asymmetry signal, and control systematic effects. The target incorporates two mechanical ...

2010-05-01

155

Selection of IFE target materials from a safety and environmental perspective

...2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Energy Policy Act target group certification...Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION...Provisions and Clauses 952.226-73 Energy Policy Act target group...

2010-10-01

156

Mode of action of membrane-disruptive lytic compounds from the marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense

Target materials for inertial fusion energy (IFE) power plant designs might be selected for a wide variety of reasons including wall absorption of driver energy, material opacity, cost and ease of fabrication. While each of these issues are of great importance, target materials should also be selected based upon their safety and environmental (S and E) characteristics. The present work focuses on the recycling, waste management and accident dose characteristics of potential target materials. If target materials are recycled so that the quantity is small, isotopic separation may be economically viable. Therefore, calculations have been completed for all stable isotopes for all elements from lithium to polonium. The results of these calculations are used to identify specific isotopes and elements that are most likely to be offensive as well as those most likely to be acceptable in terms of their S and E ...

2001-05-21

157

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Certain allelochemicals of the marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense cause lysis of a broad spectrum of target protist cells but the lytic mechanism is poorly defined. We first hypothesized that membrane sterols serve as molecular targets of these lytic compounds, and that differences in sterol composition among donor and target cells may cause insensitivity of Alexandrium and sensitivity of targets to lytic compounds. We investigated Ca^2^+ influx after application of lytic fractions to a model cell line PC12 derived from a pheochromocytoma of the rat adrenal medulla to establish how the lytic compounds affect ion flux associated with lysis of target membranes. The lytic compounds increased permeability of the cell membrane for Ca^2^+ ions even during blockade of Ca^2^+ channels wit...

2011-01-01

158

An identification method of positron production in laser beam interaction with targets

Activation analysis of target debris in the national ignition facility

A simple electromagnetic transport system was constructed to identify very rare positrons produced in a powerful laser beam interaction with a target. Testing experiments were carried out with CO[sub 2]-laser (10[sup 12] W/cm[sup 2]) beam pulses ([tau] = 50 ns, f = 0.01 Hz) focused on the copper target, as well as with a 96 MeV alpha-particle beam irradiated carbon target. The results showed that the developed system could be effectively used for positron identification and evaluation of their energy by means of a time-of-flight method. The computerized system to deal with this problem, together with others related to the power laser beam interaction with targets, has been constructed. (orig.).

1992-10-01

159

[Improvement of the recognition probability about camouflage target based on BP neural network].

The modeling methods used to compute the neutron-induced activation of target and near-target materials in the NIF facility are presented. A detailed space and energy description of the neutron environment in the different materials is provided. A new capability has been developed to treat in a general way the activation of debris produced in an operational regime of yield and no-yield experiments. First calculations are addressed to analyze the activity of the debris into the target chamber. The contribution of the different components to activity, interior dose rates, and waste disposal rating (WDR) is determined. The importance of the activation coming from primary irradiation in the target, and from secondary irradiation in debris deposited onto the first wall is assessed. Finally, waste hazards of the activated debris when removed out of the chamber and stored are analyzed. (authors)

1999-09-12

160

Traffic and transport in the Dutch National Environmental Outlook 4; Verkeer en vervoer in de Nationale Milieuverkenning 4

Using static Michelson interferometer to get the spectrum information of measurement targets for spectrum identification, under the condition that the interference length is constant, the system can be optimized by BP neural network algorithm for the mixed spectral separation process. Thereby it can realize improving the recognition probability of camouflage target. Collecting the spectrum information in field of view (FOV) by the interferometer and linear array CCD detector, composing the set of mixed spectrum data, with known absorption spectrum of the material as a hidden layer of rules, it used BP neural network to separate the mixed spectrum data. Experiment with different distances, different combinations of mixed background spectrum as the initial data, using steel target (size: 1.5 m x 1.5 m) made of four kinds, the recognition probability of non-camouflage target is about 90% by BP neural ...

2010-12-01

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161

Water resources data for Texas, water year 1993. Volume 3. Colorado River basin, Lavaca River basin, Guadalupe River basin, Nueces River basin, Rio Grande basin, and intervening coastal basins. Water-data report (Annual), 1 October 1992-30 September 1993

In the Fourth Dutch National Environmental Outlook (NMP, abbreviated in Dutch) of the National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (VROM), published in July 1997, possible future developments in the traffic and transport sector in the Netherlands are described for the period 1995-2020 and also evaluates present Dutch policies. NMP-4 also offers possible solutions for expected environmental problems. This report serves as a background document for the traffic and transport sector. With a view to present Dutch policies, the main conclusions drawn from the Outlook are that: (1) the policy targets for car and lorry use for 2010 will not be met, (2) the target for CO2 emissions from road transport for 2010 will not be met, (3) the NOx emission target for 2010 will be met for cars, but not for trucks, (4) the VOC emission target for 2010 will be met for cars, but not for trucks, and (5) the noise ...

1998-03-01

162

Results of the Interlaboratory Exercise CSN/CIEMAT-100 Among Environmental Radioactivity Laboratories (Soil); Resultados del Ejercicio Interlaboratorios de Radiactividad Ambiental CSN/CIEMAT-00 (Suelo)

Water-resources data for the 1993 water year for Texas are presented in four volumes, and consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams and canals; and stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality of ground-water wells. Volume 3 contains records for water discharge at 134 gaging stations; stage only at 1 gaging stations; stage and contents at 13 lakes and reservoirs; water quality at 81 gaging stations; and data for 30 partial-record and 4 flood-hydrograph partial-record stations. Also included are lists of discontinued surface-water discharge or stage-only stations and discontinued surface-water-quality stations; crest-stage and flood-hydrograph partial-record stations, reconnaissance partial-record stations, and low-flow partial-record stations.

1994-03-01

163

Prediction of refrigerant void fraction in horizontal tubes using probabilistic flow regime maps

The document describes the outcome of the CSN/CIEMAT-00 interlaboratory test comparison among environmental radioactivity laboratories. the exercise was organised according to the ISO-43 and the ISO/IUPAC/AOAC Harmonized Protocol for the proficiency testing of analytical laboratories. the test sample was a soil containing environmental levels of K-40, Ra-226, Ac-228, Sr-90, Cs-137, Cs-134, Pu (239-240) y Am-241. the Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona prepared the material and reported adequate statistical studies of homogeneity. The results of the exercise were computed for 30 participating laboratories, and their analytical performance was assessed using the u-score approach. A raised percentage of satisfactory laboratory performance has been obtained for all the analysis, being the best performance in gamma measurements. The exercise has drawn that several laboratories have difficulties in the evaluation of combined uncertainty, mainly in analysis involving ...

2002-07-01

164

Observed energy dependence of Fano factor in silicon at hard X-ray energies

A state of the art review of two-phase void fraction models in smooth horizontal tubes is provided and a probabilistic two-phase flow regime map void fraction model is developed for refrigerants under condensation, adiabatic, and evaporation conditions in smooth, horizontal tubes. Time fraction information from a generalized probabilistic two-phase flow map is used to provide a physically based weighting of void fraction models for different flow regimes. The present model and void fraction models in the literature are compared to data from multiple sources including R11, R12, R134a, R22, R410A refrigerants, 4.26-9.58 mm diameter tubes, mass fluxes from 70 to 900 kg/m{sup 2} s, and a full quality range. The present model has a mean absolute deviation of 3.5% when compared to the collected database. (author)

2008-04-15

165

Nant-De-Chatillon: electric power generation by ORC (organic Rankine cycle) using waste heat from the Chatillon biogas plant; Nant-de-Chatillon: Production d'electricite par ORC a partir des rejets de chaleur du site de methanisation de Chatillon. Resume

An experimental evaluation of the Fano factor F in silicon at hard X-ray energies (5.9-136.5 keV) has been performed by means of a low-noise, high charge collection efficiency silicon drift detector with on-chip electronics. A dependence of F from the detector temperature as well as from the energy of the X-ray photons has been found. Assuming a pair creation energy equal to 3.64 eV, at +20 deg. C the F factor was observed to vary from 0.124{+-}0.006 at 5.9 keV up to 0.159{+-}0.002 at 122 keV. At -35 deg. C, the change of F with respect to the photon energy was less remarkable but nevertheless statistically significant, from 0.123{+-}0.002 at 5.9 keV up to 0.134{+-}0.001 at 122 keV. To our knowledge, the present results represent the first experimental evidence of an energy dependence of the Fano factor in silicon at hard X-ray energies.

1999-03-01

166

Multilayer reflective coatings for extreme-ultraviolet lithography

This report prepared for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) describes the practical realisation and testing of a heat recovery system based on a one-stage organic Rankine cycle with R134a as the working fluid. The waste heat has a temperature of 95 {sup o}C and originates from a gas engine that powers a small co-generation plant fuelled with biogas produced on-site. Two similar cycles have been built, ORC1 with one and ORC2 with two turbines. Only ORC1 has been tested so far. The maximum efficiency measured in these tests was 6.64% (theoretical Carnot-efficiency: 17 %) and the electric power output was 5.0 kW. The problems encountered during commissioning are described and recommendations for further improvements are given.

2005-07-01

167

Measurement of gamma-ray detection efficiency in irradiated materials examination facility

Multilayer mirror coatings which reflect extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation are a key enabling technology for EUV lithography. Mo/Si multilayers with reflectances of 67.5% at 13.4 nm are now routinely achieved and reflectances of 70 2% at 11.4 nm were obtained with MO/Be multilayers. High reflectance is achieved with careful control of substrate quality, layer thicknesses, multilayer materials, interface quality, and surface termination. Reflectance and film stress were found to be stable relative to the requirements for application to EUV lithography. The run-to-run reproducibility of the reflectance peak position was characterized to be better than 0.2%, providing the required wavelength matching among the seven multilayer-coated mirrors used in the present lithography system design. Uniformity of coating was improved to better than 0.5% across 150 mm diameter substrates. These improvements in EUV multilayer mirror technology will enable us to meet the stringent ...

1998-03-10

168

MAPLE/HANARO type fuel element two-phase flow parameter measurement by real-time neutron radiography

The detection efficiency of gamma scanning system in irradiated materials examination facility has been measured. Gamma-ray sources used in this experiment are Cs-Co standard sources a PWR spent fuel rod in which {sup 134}Cs and {sup 154}Eu peaks are clearly identified in the energy region of 500 to 1,600 keV. The distance between source and detector is about 1.6 m. A slit type collimator with 3 mm-width window and 30 mm-thick lead block are installed between source and detector. The detector is a HPGe detector. This equipment is mainly used in gamma scanning of irradiated nuclear fuel. The measured detection efficiency seems to be 1.89 x 10{sup -6} % for 1 MeV gamma-ray. With these results the activities of unknown sources could be measured. This results are expected to be used in the measurement of the absolute distribution of gamma emitting nuclides in nuclear fuel.

2001-05-01

169

MAPLE/HANARO type fuel element two-phase flow parameter measurement by real-time neutron radiography

The objective of this work is the measurement of two-phase flow parameters to support development of constitutive relationships for the HANARO/MAPLE type finned fuel using Real-Time Neutron Radiography (RTNR). A single element finned Fuel Element Simulator was used with R134a Freon flow. To observe the effect of a spacer device on void distribution, single pin tests were performed with and without a spacer. By analyzing the RTNR images using image processing, the effects of the spacer on the time-averaged and instantaneous void fraction distributions were studied. For the experimental results without a spacer, the time-averaged local void distribution is radially asymmetric and the degree of void fluctuation increases with a decreasing frequency along the heated channel, where the observed asymmetry may be caused by flow induced vibration. For the experimental results with a spacer, the spacer clearly limits any significant vibration and the local void distribution ...

2002-07-01

170

Ganglioneuromas in childhood: MRI and CT characteristics

The objective of this work is the measurement of two-phase flow parameters to support development of constitutive relationships for the HANARO/MAPLE type finned fuel using Real-Time Neutron Radiography (RTNR). A single element finned Fuel Element Simulator was used with R134a Freon flow. To observe the effect of a spacer device on void distribution, single pin tests were performed with and without a spacer. By analyzing the RTNR images using image processing, the effects of the spacer on the time-averaged and instantaneous void fraction distributions were studied. For the experimental results without a spacer, the time-averaged local void distribution is radially asymmetric and the degree of void fluctuation increases with a decreasing frequency along the heated channel, where the observed asymmetry may be caused by flow induced vibration. For the experimental results with a spacer, the spacer clearly limits any significant vibration and the local void distribution ...

2002-08-11

171

Finned fuel element two-phase flow parameter measurements using real-time neutron radiography

Purpose: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the typical appearance of ganglioneuromas in computer-assisted tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Material and methods: Retrospective analysis of diagnostic imaging (9 CT, 6 MRI) in 9 children aged 3 to 15 years with the histological diagnosis of ganglioneuroma. Results: The tomographies showed large (max. 13.4 cm in diameter) round or oval tumors with sharp delineation. The sites of the tumors were the retroperitoneum (5), the mediastinum (3), and the adrenal gland (1). Intraspinal tumor involvement occurred in 4 cases. On comparing CT with MRI, MRI was more accurate in defining the intraspinal involvement. The ganglioneuromas were of hypodense appearance in the native CT scan and showed moderate enhancement upon administration of contrast media. In five patients tumor calcifications with a disseminated sprinkled pattern were seen in CT. In MRI T_1-weighted scans the tumors were homogeneous and ...

2000-05-01

172

Finned fuel element two-phase flow parameter measurements using real-time neutron radiography

The measurement of two-phase flow parameters and development of constitutive relationships for the HANARO/MAPLE type finned fuel using Real-Time Neutron Radiography (RTNR) is discussed in this paper. A single element finned Fuel Element Simulator (FES) was used with R134a Freon as the working fluid. To observe the effect of a spacer device on void distribution, single pin tests were performed with and without a spacer. By analyzing the RTNR images using image processing, the effects of the spacer on the time-averaged and instantaneous void fraction distribution were studied. For the experimental results without a spacer, the time-averaged local void distribution is radially asymmetric and the degree of void fluctuation increases with a decreasing frequency along the heated channel, where the observed asymmetry may be caused by flow induced vibration. For the experimental results with a spacer, the spacer clearly limits any significant vibration and the local void ...

2007-04-22

173

Early effects of boron neutron capture therapy on rat glioma models

The measurement of two-phase flow parameters for development of constitutive relationships for the HANARO/MAPLE type finned fuel using Real-Time Neutron Radiography (RTNR) is discussed in this paper. A single element finned Fuel Element Simulator (FES) was used with Freon 134a as the working fluid. To observe the effect of a spacer device on void distribution, single pin tests were performed with and without a spacer present. By analyzing the RTNR images using image processing, the effects of the spacer on the time-averaged and instantaneous void fraction distribution were studied. For the experimental results without a spacer, the time-averaged local void distribution is radially asymmetric and the degree of void fluctuation increases with a decreasing frequency along the heated channel, where the observed asymmetry may be caused by flow induced vibration. For the experimental results with a spacer, the spacer clearly limits any significant vibration and the local ...

2008-02-01

174

Direct electrochemistry of catalase at amine-functionalized graphene/gold nanoparticles composite film for hydrogen peroxide sensor

Early effects of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) on malignant glioma are characterized by reduction of the enhancement area and regression of the peritumoral edema radiologically. The aim of this study was to investigate the early histological changes of tumors and inflammatory cells after BNCT in the rat brain. Rats were treated with BNCT using boronophenylalanine (BPA) 7 days after implantation of C6 glioma cells. The tumors were assessed with magnetic resonance imaging and histopathological examination at 4 days after BNCT. The mean tumor volumes were 39#+-#2 mm"3 in the BNCT group and 134#+-#18 mm"3 in the control group. In the BNCT group, tumor cells showed a less pleomorphic appearance with atypical nuclei and mitotic figures. The Ki-67 labeling index was 6.5%#+-#4.7% in the BNCT and 35%#+-#3.8% in the control group. The reactions of the inflammatory cells were examined with ED-1 as macrophage marker and OX42 as microglia marker. ED-1- and OX-42-positive ...

175

Determination of baclofen enantiomers in pharmaceutical formulations using maltodextrin-based enantioselective, potentiometric membrane electrodes.

Direct electrochemistry and electrocatalysis of catalase (Cat) was studied based on a nano-composite film consisting of amine functionalized graphene and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) modified glassy carbon electrode. Graphene was synthesized chemically by Hummers and Offeman method and then was functionalized with amino groups via chemical modification of carboxyl groups introduced on the graphene surface. The nano-composite film showed an obvious promotion of the direct electron transfer between Cat and the underlying electrode, which attributed to the synergistic effect of graphene-NH2 and AuNPs. The resultant bioelectrode retained its biocatalytic activity and offered fast and sensitive H2O2 quantification. Under the optimized experimental conditions, hydrogen peroxide was detected in the concentration range from 0.3 to 600 ?M with a detection limit of 50 nM at S/N = 3. The biosensor exhibited some advantages, such as short time respond (2 s), high sensitivity ...

2011-02-28

176

Decontamination performance in off-gas cleaning system of radioactive solid waste incineration unit

Two enantioselective, potentiometric membrane electrodes (EPMEs) based on maltodextrins with different value of dextrose equivalent (DE) (maltodextrin I: DE 4.0-7.0; maltodextrin II: DE 16.5-19.5) were proposed for the assay of baclofen enantiomers in baclofen raw materials and from its pharmaceutical formulation, Norton-Baclofen tablets. The slopes of the electrode function of the proposed electrodes were 55.0 mV/pS-baclofen for maltodextrin I-based electrode and 59.0 mV/pR-baclofen for maltodextrin II-based electrode and the detection limits were 1.34 x 10(-6) mol l(-1) (S-baclofen) and 2.52 x 10(-10) mol l(-1) (R-baclofen), respectively. The surfaces of the electrodes are stable and easily renewable by simply polishing on alumina paper. PMID:15598435

2004-12-01

177

Cells producing insulin-like androgenic gland hormone of the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, proliferate following bilateral eyestalk-ablation

At the Tokai Research Establishment of Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, the radioactive solid waste incineration unit with a capacity of 100 kg/h was installed in 1979, since then the unit has been routinly operated. An off-gas cleaning system of the unit consists mainly of a primary and secondary ceramic filters, a heat resistant HEPA filter and a scrubber. A series of hot test was carried out to examine the docontamination performance for radionuclides in the off-gas cleaning system. In the test, simulated wastes contaminated with a known quantity of radionuclides were burned in the unit, and radioactive concentrations in the off-gas were measured. And then, the following data were obtained: a retention factor of radionuclides in a furnace and a decontamination factor for radionuclides in each of off-gas cleaning components. And also overall decontamination factors, defined as the ratio of radioactivities input to the furnace to radioactivities passed through outlet of the ...

178

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

We found that the androgenic gland (AG) of Macrobrachium rosenbergii possesses three cell types. Type I cells are small polygonal shaped-cells (13.4 mu m in diameter), stain strongly with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), have abundant multilayered rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER), and nuclei containing mostly heterochromatin. Type II cells are slightly larger (18.6 mu m in diameter), stain lightly with H&E, have rER with dilated cisternae, and nuclei containing mostly euchromatin. Type III cells (previously undescribed) are similar in size and shape to type I cells, but the cytoplasm is unstained and they have a high amount of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (sER) and mitochondria with tubular cristae. Bilateral eyestalk-ablation resulted in AG hypertrophy with a proliferation and predominance of ty...

2011-01-01

179

Catalyst durability evaluation for advanced gas turbine engines

Burnup determination of spent nuclear fuel in the pool

Catalytic combustion has demonstrated the ability to provide low NO /SUB x/ emissions while maintainin high combustion efficiency. Recently, under joint NASA Lewis, EPA, and Acurex sponsorship, a catalytic reactor was tested for 1000 hours to demonstrate durability in combustion environments representative of advanced automotive gas turbine engines. At a 740K air preheat temperature and a propane fuel/air ratio of 0.028 by mass (/phi/FA = 0.44), the adiabatic flame temperature was held at about 1700K. The graded cell monolithic reactor measured 5 cm in diameter by 10.2 cm in length and was operated at a reference velocity of 13.4 m/s at 1 atmosphere pressure Measured NO /SUB x/ levels remained below 5 ppm while unburned hydrocarbon concentrations registered near zero and carbon monoxide levels were nominally below 20 ppm. The durability test included several parametric turndown studies and ended with a series of on/off cycling tests to further characterize reactor ...

1982-01-01

180

Body image and explicit and implicit anti-fat attitudes: the mediating role of physical appearance comparisons.

A algorithm was developed to determine the characteristic parameters of PWR spent fuel, such as burnup, cooling time and initial enrichment of {sup 235}U by use of gamma-ray activity ratios of {sup 134}Cs/{sup 137}Cs, {sup 154}Eu/{sup 137}Cs and {sup 106}Ru/{sup 137}Cs from the high resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy and ORIGEN-S calculations. For the verification of the method developed, gamma-ray measurements of Kori-1 and Kori-2 nuclear fuel rods were carried out using HPGe gamma ray scanning system. As a results, it is revealed that the measured values are in a good agreement with the operator declared values within the about {+-} 5% errors. Besides, the under-water burnup measuring device has been designed to measure the gamma-ray from the PWR spent fuel assembly. This device will be set up in the pool of Post-Irradiation Examination Facility(PIEF), and used in determination of the average burnup, cooling time and initial enrichment of the PWR spent fuel ...

1998-06-01

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181

An input-output energy analysis in greenhouse vegetable production: a case study for Antalya region of Turkey

Prejudice against overweight people is rife. However, there is a paucity of research on the underlying reasons for it. In two studies the relationship between body image, the tendency to make physical appearance-related comparisons (PACS), and both explicit and implicit anti-fat attitudes was examined. In Study 1 (n = 227) people with a high tendency to make physical appearance-related comparisons (high PACS scorers) reported lower self-appearance evaluation, but higher appearance orientation and explicit anti-fat attitudes. The PACS fully mediated the relationship between appearance orientation and explicit anti-fat attitudes. Study 2 (n = 134) found that the PACS also mediated the relationship between appearance orientation and implicit anti-fat attitudes. Thus, individual differences in factors such as body image and the tendency to make appearance-related comparisons, appear to play a central role in both explicit and implicit anti-fat attitudes. PMID:18089271

2007-07-24

182

An adaptive self-optimizing power system stabilizer

The aim of this research was to examine the energy equivalents of inputs and output in greenhouse vegetable production in the Antalya province of Turkey. For this purpose, the data for the production of four greenhouse crops (tomato, cucumber, eggplant and pepper) were collected in eighty-eight greenhouse farms by questionnaire. The results revealed that cucumber production was the most energy intensive of among the four crops investigated. Cucumber production consumed a total of 134.77 GJha{sup -1} followed by tomato with 127.32 GJha{sup -1}. The consumption of energy by eggplants and pepper were 98.68 and 80.25 GJha{sup -1}, respectively. The output-input energy ratio for greenhouse tomato, pepper, cucumber and eggplant were estimated to be 1.26, 0.99, 0.76 and 0.61, respectively. This indicated an intensive use of inputs in greenhouse vegetable production not accompanied by increase in the final product. This can lead to problems associated with these inputs ...

2004-01-01

183

A new approach towards anomalous fading correction for feldspar IRSL dating - tests on samples in field saturation

A self-optimizing pole-shifting control algorithm has been developed for an adaptive power system stabilizer (APSS) to improve its dynamic performance and autonomous operation. The proposed algorithm deals with the system frequency and time domain characteristics simultaneously to guarantee stability and to enhance the performance of the closed-loop system. The mechanism of discrete control system control limits influencing the closed loop system behaviour is studied. Short-term behaviour is studied by introducing the concept of a short-term behaviour index. With the introduction of dynamic control limits, an effective discrete control system design method is proposed. A PSS oriented power system dynamics simulation package (PSDSP) has been developed. Using the PSDSP, simulation studies were performed with the proposed APSS applied to a single machine and a multi machine power system. The performance of the APSS is satisfactory and is discussed. An Intel iSBC386/21 processor was ...

1994-01-01

184

Is uniform target dose possible in IMRT plans in the head and neck?

Anomalous fading of the feldspar infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) signal hampers possibilities of using feldspar IRSL to obtain burial ages for sediments beyond the dating range of quartz optically stimulated luminescence. Here, we propose a new approach to quantify anomalous fading of the feldspar IRSL signal over geological burial times based on laboratory fading experiments. The approach builds on the description of the quantum mechanical tunnelling process recently proposed by Huntley [2006. An explanation of the power-law decay of luminescence. J. Phys. Condensed Matter 18, 1359-1365]. We show that our methods allow the construction of un-faded and natural IRSL dose-response curves as well as anomalous fading rates in field saturation. The predicted level of field saturation closely approximates the measured saturation level for five samples from fluvial deposits (Lower Rhine) known to be older than 1 Ma. The modelled anomalous fading rate in field saturation ...

2008-02-15

185

Radioisotope production in the I.Ph.P.E. cyclotron for medical application

Purpose: Various published reports involving intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plans developed using automated optimization (inverse planning) have demonstrated highly conformal plans. These reported conformal IMRT plans involve significant target dose inhomogeneity, including both overdosage and underdosage within the target volume. In this study, we demonstrate the development of optimized beamlet IMRT plans that satisfy rigorous dose homogeneity requirements for all target volumes (e.g., #+-#5%), while also sparing the parotids and other normal structures. Methods and Materials: The treatment plans of 15 patients with oropharyngeal cancer who were previously treated with forward-planned multisegmental IMRT were planned again using an automated optimization system developed in-house. The optimization system allows for variable sized beamlets computed using a three-dimensional convolution/superposition dose ...

2002-04-01

186

Radioisotope production in the I. Ph. P. E. cyclotron for medical application

The production methods for seven radioisotopes, Ga-67, Sr-85, Pd-103, In-111, Tu-167, Hg-197 and Pb-203, by using a classical 1.5m cyclotron in the Institute of Physics and Power Engineering, Obninsk, USSR, are described. At present, more than 50 cyclotrons in different countries are used for the production of radioisotopes applied to medicine. Radioisotopes are produced with the cyclotron in the I.Ph.P.E. in the form of irradiated targets, which are delivered to Moscow radiopharmaceutical factory, where radiopharmaceuticals are produced on the base of these targets. The cyclotron is operated in two regimes providing the acceleration of protons, deuterons and alpha -particles. Two types of target assemblies are used for irradiation, the one is intended for the internal beam, and the other is for the external beam. The reactions used for the production of seven radioisotopes described above, the types of ...

187

Distortion-invariant color pattern recognition using multiple phase-shifted-reference-based joint transform correlation incorporating synthetic discriminant function

The production methods for seven radioisotopes, Ga-67, Sr-85, Pd-103, In-111, Tm-167, Hg-197 and Pb-203, by using a classical 1.5m cyclotron in the Institute of Physics and Power Engineering, Obninsk, USSR, are described. At present, more than 50 cyclotrons in different countries are used for the production of radioisotopes applied to medicine. Radioisotopes are produced with the cyclotron in the I.Ph.P.E. in the form of irradiated targets, which are delivered to Moscow radiopharmaceutical factory, where radiopharmaceuticals are produced on the base of these targets. The cyclotron is operated in two regimes providing the acceleration of protons, deuterons and alpha -particles. Two types of target assemblies are used for irradiation, the one is intended for the internal beam, and the other is for the external beam. The reactions used for the production of seven radioisotopes described above, the types of ...

1982-01-01

188

Uses of laser optical pumping to produce polarized ion beams

This paper proposes a new pattern recognition system employing optical joint transform correlation (JTC) technique which offers a great number of advantages over similar digital techniques, including very fast operation, simple architecture and capability of updating the reference image in real time. The proposed JTC technique incorporates a synthetic discriminant function (SDF) of the target image estimated from different training images to make the pattern recognition performance invariant to noise and distortion. It then involves four different phase-shifted versions of the same target SDF reference image, which are individually joint transform correlated with the given input scene. When the correlation signals are combined, it produces a single cross-correlation peak corresponding to each potential target present in the given input scene. The proposed technique also includes a fringe-adjusted filter to generate a ...

2011-04-01

189

The HARP experiment first physics results

Laser optical pumping can be used to produce polarized alkali atom beams or polarized alkali vapor targets. Polarized alkali atom beams can be converted into polarized alkali ion beams, and polarized alkali vapor targets can be used to produce polarized H/sup -/ or /sup 3/He/sup -/ ion beams. In this paper the authors discuss how the polarized alkali atom beams and polarized alkali vapor targets are used to produce polarized ion beams with emphasis on the production of polarized negative ion beams.

1983-04-01

190

Separation of carrier-free "1"7"6","1"7"7W and "1"7"6","1"7"7Ta produced in "1"6O irradiated holmium target

The HARP experiment at CERN is performing extensive measurements of hadron production cross sections and secondary particle yields, in the momentum range 1.5-15 GeV/c, over the full solid angle and using a large set of cryogenic and solid targets. First measurements of hadron production cross-sections in the forward region are reported using an aluminium target 5% of an interaction length thick and a proton beam of 12.9 GeV/c. A preliminary analysis in the large angle region of elastic scattering events produced with the cryogenic hydrogen target at 3 GeV/c beam momentum is also presented.

2005-01-01

191

Separation of carrier free "1"7"6","1"7"7W and "1"7"6","1"7"7Ta radionuclides produced in "1"6O activated holmium metal target

Carrier-free radionuclides of tungsten and tantalum, "1"7"6","1"7"7W and "1"7"6","1"7"7Ta have been produced by heavy ion activation of holmium target with 97 MeV "1"6O"5"+ beam. Radiochemical separation scheme has been developed to isolate tungsten and tantalum radionuclides from the holmium target matrix. (author)

2001-11-01

192

Recovery of radioactive thallium isotopes from lead and bismuth targets irradiated by 1-GeV protons

Carrier-free radioisotopes of tungsten, "1"7"6","1"7"7W, and their corresponding daughter radionuclides "1"7"6","1"7"7Ta, have been produced in holmium target by heavy ion activation with "1"6O"5"+ beam. An attempt has been made to separate these carrier-free radionuclides from bulk holmium target through LLX using cation exchanger HDEHP. (author)

2001-02-07

193

Recovery of radioactive thallium isotopes from lead and bismuth targets irradiated by 1-GeV protons

A simple highly efficient procedure has been developed for recovery of thallium radioisotopes from lead and bismuth targets irradiated by 1-GeV protons. The procedure is based on the use of extraction chromatography. The cross-sections have been determined for formation of {sup 200}Pb, {sup 201}Pb, {sup 202m}Pb, and {sup 203}Pb radioisotopes in targets from lead with natural isotopic composition, irradiated by 1-GeV protons.

1995-03-01

194

Preliminary Study of Plasma Stream Interaction with Tungsten Target within RPI-IBIS Facility

A simple highly efficient procedure has been developed for recovery of thallium radioisotopes from lead and bismuth targets irradiated by 1-GeV protons. The procedure is based on the use of extraction chromatography. The cross-sections have been determined for formation of "2"0"0Pb, "2"0"1Pb, "2"0"2"mPb, and "2"0"3Pb radioisotopes in targets from lead with natural isotopic composition, irradiated by 1-GeV protons.

195

Modified-VSIMM algorithm with an application to the naval fire control technology

The paper presents results of experimental research on the interaction of a pulsed plasma-ion stream with a tungsten (W) target. The pulsed hydrogen plasma was produced within the RPI-IBIS (Multi-Rod Plasma Injector) facility at IPJ in Swierk. Measurements were carried out by means of optical spectroscopy and corpuscular diagnostic techniques. For experiments with the W-target the operational conditions (so-called PID mode) were chosen when a clean hydrogen plasma stream was generated. Attention was paid to the identification of WI and WII spectral lines.

2006-01-01

196

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A modified variable structure interacting multiple model (M-VSIMM) estimator for complex hybrid maneuver target tracking is presented. The M-VSIMM could potentially be applied to fire control systems (FCS) used on warships. Target model groups were designed using 3D dimensional dynamic target models. Optimal model group selection logic was proposed, contrary to the activation and termination logic in the original VSIMM. The system will respond faster with optimal model group selection logic. After performing simulations, the tracking performances of the Kalman, ?-?(-?), VDIE, IMM and M-VSIMM filters were compared under various maneuvering conditions.

2011-01-01

197

Experiments to investigate the effects of radiative cooling on plasma jet collimation

Convoy electron production in polycrystalline and monocrystalline targets

Preliminary experiments have been performed to investigate the effects of radiative cooling on plasma jets. Thin (3 um - 5 um) conical shells were irradiated with an intense laser, driving jets with velocities > 100 km/s. Through use of different target materials - aluminium, copper and gold - the degree of radiative losses was altered, and their importance for jet collimation investigated. A number of temporally resoved optical diagnostics was used, providing information about the jet evolution. Gold jets were seen to be narrower than those from copper targets, while aluminium targets produced the least collimated flows.

2010-01-01

198

Computer-assisted rotation and multiple stationary irradiation technique

The velocity distribution of electrons ejected close to the forward direction by 0.8-2 MeV/A ions traversing various solid targets, including a Au monocrystal, is measured in coincidence with emerging charge-selected ions. The velocity spectrum is observed to be independent of outgoing projectile velocity and charge state for polycrystalline targets. Measurements on the Au crystal under channeling conditions show dependences on final charge state, and are tentatively explained by assuming that the main contribution to the production yield comes from the non-channeled fraction of the ions. A simple model for the creation of the forward-ejected electrons is proposed, which accounts for most of the experimental findings.

1980-01-01

199

Centroid and Envelope Dynamics of High-intensity Charged Particle Beams in an External Focusing Lattice and Oscillating Wobbler

A computer-assisted rotation and stationary conformation radiotherapy system with overrunning multileaf collimators has been developed. This system can produce any shape of target volume, including a number of target areas outside the axis of the rotation, regardless of the location of the axis at 360"0 rotation irradiation. In addition, by changing the dose rate and deleting a partial region within a field, multiple stationary irradiation can produce more homogeneous target volumes - thus avoiding excessive irradiation to critical organs - than the rotation technique. (orig.).

200

Yields of Residual Nuclei from Proton-Irradiated Materials

The centroid and envelope dynamics of a high-intensity charged particle beam are investigated as a beam smoothing technique to achieve uniform illumination over a suitably chosen region of the target for applications to ion-beam-driven high energy density physics and heavy ion fusion. The motion of the beam centroid projected onto the target follows a smooth pattern to achieve the desired illumination, for improved stability properties during the beam-target interaction. The centroid dynamics is controlled by an oscillating "wobbler", a set of electrically-biased plates driven by RF voltage. __________________________________________________

2010-04-28

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201

International Science & Technology Center (ISTC)

Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Residual Nuclide Production in 40-2600 MeV Proton-Irradiated Thin Targets of ADS Basic Materials

202

Tuberculous Granulomas Are Hypoxic in Guinea Pigs, Rabbits, and Nonhuman Primates?

The skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor identified as a molecular target of[3H] azidodantrolene by photoaffinity labeling

Understanding the physical characteristics of the local microenvironment in which Mycobacterium tuberculosis resides is an important goal that may allow the targeting of metabolic processes...Full Text Available

2008-06-01

203

The influence of target backing on ion-beam electron spectra

... 16, 2001 0006-2979 BIORAK v. 40(2) APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES azido

2001-04-01

204

The importance of an accurate target wave function in variational calculations for (e^{+}-H_{2}) scattering

Several different aspects of the influence of the target backing on in-beam electron spectra following compound nuclear reactions induced by accelerated ions at tandem energies irradiating backed targets are discussed in detail. This discussion is illustrated by a few typical examples, such as "1"2C"5"+ and "3"1P"1"0"+ beams at 4 MeV/u bombarding Sn(+Be), Sn(+Au), Pb(+C) backed targets. Moreover, the relative influence of electron backscattering, electron Doppler shift and Doppler broadening as well as #delta#-electron emission on the low energy electron spectra (E_e#<=#100 keV) obtained under such conditions are investigated in the frame of the available experimental data. (orig.).

205

The Growth Cone Cytoskeleton in Axon Outgrowth and Guidance

Using the complex Kohn method, we have calculated variational values of phase shifts and the annihilation parameter, Z_{eff}, for the elastic scattering of positrons by molecular hydrogen. Our results are sensitive to small changes in the accuracy of the wave function representing the target hydrogen molecule. We have developed a systematic approach to demonstrate that, at low positron energies, there are particular forms of the Kohn trial wave function for which the results of variational calculations are not reliable, even when the target wave function accounts for as much as 96.8% of the correlation energy of H_{2}. We find that reliable results can be recovered if our calculations are extended to admit more sophisticated target wave functions accounting for 99.7% of the correlation energy. Remaining discrepancies between theory and experiment are briefly discussed.

2008-01-01

206

The Development of New Methods for Solving the Target ...

Axon outgrowth and guidance to the proper target requires the coordination of filamentous (F)-actin and microtubules (MTs), the dynamic cytoskeletal polymers that promote shape change and locomotion....Full Text Available

207

Target space duality I: general theory

... and 7 survey papers. On the inverse Stefan problem he wrote 3 research papers and 1 survey paper. The papers on inverse ...

1984-07-18

208

Studies of relativistic heavy ion collisions at the AGS (Experiment 814)

We develop a systematic framework for studying target space duality at the classical level. We show that target space duality between manifolds M and M-tilde arises because of the existence of a very special symplectic manifold. This manifold locally looks like MxM-tilde and admits a double fibration. We analyze the local geometric requirements necessary for target space duality and prove that both manifolds must admit flat orthogonal connections. We show how abelian duality, nonabelian duality and Poisson-Lie duality are all special cases of a more general framework. As an example we exhibit new (nonlinear) dualities in the case M=M-tilde=R{sup n}.

2000-09-25

209

Smoking and reproduction: The oviduct as a target of cigarette smoke

This report discusses the experimental setup of experiment 814 at Brookhaven AGS. This experiment involves the collision of silicon ions with target nuclei. The detector systems are discussed primarily. (LSP)

1990-01-01

210

Simultaneous recognition and segmentation of cells: application in C.elegans

The oviduct is an exquisitely designed organ that functions in picking-up ovulated oocytes, transporting gametes in opposite directions to the site of fertilization, providing a suitable environment...Full Text Available

211

Principles of antibody therapy.

Motivation: Automatic recognition of cell identities is critical for quantitative measurement, targeting and manipulation of cells of model animals at single-cell resolution. It has been...Full Text Available

2011-10-15

212

Novel Cytotoxic Vectors Based on Adeno-Associated Virus

The success of monoclonal antibodies in clinical practice is dependent on good design. Finding a suitable target is the most important part as other properties of the antibody can be altered by genetic...Full Text Available

1992-12-05

213

Wastenet

positive primary PymT breast cancer cells in primary co-cultured tumor tissue, suggesting target specificity of

214

Measured Temperatures of Solid Rocket Motors Dump Stored ...

Knowledge-Based Identification of the ERK2/STAT3 Signal Pathway as a Therapeutic Target for Type 2 Diabetes and Drug Discovery

... TARGET SENSOR-MK 80 SERIES BOMBS ... 5-inch-, and 2.75-inch- diameter rocket motors that ... balance when compared to incoming solar radiation ...

1989-07-01

215

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Many existing agents for diabetes therapy are unable to restore or maintain normal glucose homeostasis or prevent the eventual emergence of hyperglycemia-related complication. Therefore, agents based on novel mechanisms are sought to complement and extend the current therapeutic approaches. Based on the initial paper research, we focused on active STAT3 as an attractive pharmacological target for type 2 diabetes. The subsequent text mining with a unique query to identify suppressors but not activators of STAT3 revealed the ERK2/STAT3 pathway as a novel diabetes target. The description of ERK2 inhibitors as diabetes target had not been found in our text mining research at present. The mechanism-based peptide inhibitor for ERK2 was identified using the knowledge of the KIM sequence, which ha...

2011-01-01

216

Johnson News - NASA

Ion channels, transporters, and pumps as targets for heart failure

Nov 21, 2003... for the European Space Agency's Automated Transport Vehicle, a new, uncrewed station cargo vehicle targeted for launch late next year. ...

217

Imaging immune response in vivo

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. CHF is marked by atrial and ventricular enlargement and reduced cardiac contractility, as well as an association...Full Text Available

2009-10-01

218

Heat shock proteins as emerging therapeutic targets

PurposeClinical trials have commenced to evaluate the feasibility of targeting malignant gliomas with genetically engineered cytolytic T-cells (CTLs) delivered directly...Full Text Available

2008-06-15

219

Genomics of human longevity

Chaperones (stress proteins) are essential proteins to help the formation and maintenance of the proper conformation of other proteins and to promote cell survival after a large variety of environmental...Full Text Available

2005-11-01

220

Gene therapy for ocular diseases

In animal models, single-gene mutations in genes involved in insulin/IGF and target of rapamycin signalling pathways extend lifespan to a considerable extent. The genetic, genomic and epigenetic influences...Full Text Available

2011-01-12

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

221

GAVA: Spectral Simulation for In Vivo MRS Applications

The eye is an easily accessible, highly compartmentalised and immune-privileged organ that offers unique advantages as a gene therapy target. Significant advancements have been made in understanding...Full Text Available

2011-05-01

222

Evaluation of phenylpiperazines as targeting agents for neuroblastoma.

An application that provides a flexible and easy to use interface to the GAMMA spectral simulation package is described that is targeted at investigations using in vivo MR spectroscopic methods....Full Text Available

2007-04-01

223

Effects of voicing in the recognition of concurrent syllables (L)a)

The potential of radiolabelled phenylpiperazines as agents for the detection and therapy of tumours of neural crest origin was evaluated by in vitro pharmacological studies with human neuroblastoma...Full Text Available

1996-09-01

224

Dynamic clamp with StdpC software

This letter reports a study designed to measure the benefits of voicing in the recognition of concurrent syllables. The target and distracter syllables were either voiced or whispered, producing...Full Text Available

2009-12-01

225

Dynamic Weapon-Target Assignment Problems with ...

Dynamic clamp is a powerful method that allows the introduction of artificial electrical components into target cells to simulate ionic conductances and synaptic inputs. This method is based...Full Text Available

2011-03-01

226

Cooperative Charging Effects of Fibers From Electrospinning ...

... defense's weapons are Space-based kinetic-kill vehicles ... I ti I obtained by dividing the weapons as ... of the optimal weapon-arge assigntments and ...

1988-06-01

227

Comparative genomics of insect juvenile hormone biosynthesis?

... In the Proceedings of INTC 2003, we studied charging effects on target coverage during electrospinning (16). ... of Fibers from Electrospinning of ...

2005-01-05

228

Cholinergic modulation of multivesicular release regulates striatal synaptic potency and integration

The biosynthesis of insect juvenile hormone (JH) and its neuroendocrine control are attractive targets for chemical control of insect pests and vectors of disease. To facilitate the molecular...Full Text Available

2006-04-01

229

Bacterial flora-typing with targeted, chip-based Pyrosequencing

The pleiotropic actions of neuromodulators on pre- and postsynaptic targets present challenges to disentangling the mechanisms underlying regulation of synaptic transmission. Within the striatum,...Full Text Available

2009-09-01

230

Approaches to the evaluation of chemical-induced immunotoxicity.

BackgroundThe metagenomic analysis of microbial communities holds the potential to improve our understanding of the role of microbes in clinical conditions. Recent, dramatic improvements...Full Text Available

231

An Extended Kalman Filter for Use in a Shared Aperture ...

The immune system plays a crucial role in maintaining health; however, accumulating evidence indicates that this system can be the target for immunotoxic effects caused by a variety of chemicals including...Full Text Available

1995-12-01

232

A comprehensive assessment of N-terminal signal peptides prediction methods

... used to track a point source target ... A one sigma tracking error of .2 ... LOOKING INFRARED SYSTEMS, *KALMAN FILTERING, SIGNAL PROCESSING ...

1978-12-01

233

Testing of CFC Targets by Plasma Heat Fluxes Relevant to Elms and Mitigated Disruptions in ITER

BackgroundAmino-terminal signal peptides (SPs) are short regions that guide the targeting of secretory proteins to the correct subcellular compartments in the cell. They are cleaved...Full Text Available

234

Targeted suppression of Has2 mRNA in mouse cumulus cell-oocyte complexes by adenovirus-mediated short-hairpin RNA expression

Carbon fibre composite (CFC) was irradiated by hot plasma streams at plasma gun facility MK-200UG. The CFC targets were tested by plasma loads relevant to Edge Localized Modes (ELM) and mitigated disruptions in ITER. Onset condition of CFC evaporation and properties of evaporated carbon were studied by use of infrared pyrometry and visible spectroscopy.

2006-01-01

235

Targeted Capture and Next-Generation Sequencing Identifies C9orf75, Encoding Taperin, as the Mutated Gene in Nonsyndromic Deafness DFNB79

RNA interference (RNAi) is an effective tool for studying gene function in oocytes, but no studies have targeted somatic cells of primary cultured cumulus cell-oocyte complexes (COCs). This...Full Text Available

2009-06-01

236

Structure functions at low Q^2: higher twists and target mass effects

Targeted genome capture combined with next-generation sequencing was used to analyze 2.9 Mb of the DFNB79 interval on chromosome 9q34.3, which includes 108 candidate genes. Genomic...Full Text Available

2010-03-12

237

Production of "2"0"3Pb by proton irradiation of Bi

We review the physics of structure functions at low Q{sup 2}, focusing on the phenomenon of quark-hadron duality and the resonance-scaling transition, both phenomenologically and in the context of quark models. We also present a new implementation of target mass corrections to nucleon structure functions which, unlike existing treatments, has the correct kinematic threshold behavior at finite Q{sup 2} in the x -> 1 limit.

2006-05-22

238

PV Conversion Technologies, Session: OPV, Sensitized, Seed (Presentation)

Production of lead-203 by proton irradiation of bismuth metal has been investigated as a replacement method for commercially available lead-203. Targets of bismuth metal (0.1 cm thick) were irradiated for periods of 1-3 hours with 90 MeV protons. After processing of the target, the estimated yield of lead-2-3 was 30 millicuries/microamp.

1990-06-24

239

Modeled Neutron Induced Nuclear Reaction Cross Sections for Radiochemistry in the region of Iridium and Gold

The NREL Sensitized Solar Cell (SSC) Core Program supports the Solar America Initiative by: (1) targeting new devices and processes for commercialization by 2015 that are less expensive, more efficient, highly reliable, and environmentally benign; (2) collaborating with DOE OS/BES to conduct basic research targeting breakthroughs in key areas, such as ultra-high efficiency and/or ultra-low cost materials and devices.

2008-04-01

240

Kidney-specific allo- and autoantibodies in the alloantibody response to rat kidney: the use of kidney homogenate as a target for serological analysis.

We have developed a set of modeled nuclear reaction cross sections for use in radiochemical diagnostics. Systematics for the input parameters required by the Hauser-Feshbach statistical model were developed and used to calculate neutron induced nuclear reaction cross sections for targets ranging from osmium (Z = 76) to gold (Z = 79). Of particular interest are the cross sections on Ir and Au including reactions on isomeric targets.

2008-02-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

241

In vitro atrazine-exposure inhibits human natural killer cell lytic granule release

LEW anti-DA kidney and DA anti-LEW kidney sera were assayed using an indirect 125I anti-immunoglobulin-binding assay with kidney homogenate as target. This allowed the full spectrum of antibodies to...Full Text Available

1980-04-01

242

Highly efficient gene silencing using perfect complementary artificial miRNA targeting AP1 or heteromeric artificial miRNA targeting AP1 and CAL genes

The herbicide atrazine is a known immunotoxicant and an inhibitor of human natural killer (NK) cell lytic function. The precise changes in NK cell lytic function following atrazine exposure have not been fully elucidated. The current study identifies the point at which atrazine exerts its affect on the stepwise process of human NK cell-mediated lyses of the K562 target cell line. Using intracellular staining of human peripheral blood lymphocytes, it was determined that a 24-h in vitro exposure to atrazine did not decrease the level of NK cell lytic proteins granzyme A, granzyme B or perforin. Thus, it was hypothesized that atrazine exposure was inhibiting the ability of the NK cells to bind to the target cell and subsequently inhibit the release of lytic protein from the NK cell. To test this hypothesis, flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy were employed to analyze NK cell-target cell co-cultures following atrazine ...

2007-06-01

243

Electron accelerator unit for electron beam therapy

Gene silencing is a useful technique for elucidating biological function of genes by knocking down their expression. A recently developed artificial microRNAs (amiRNAs) exploits an endogenous...Full Text Available

2009-03-01

244

Electron accelerator unit for electron beam therapy

An electron accelerator unit is described for electron beam therapy, comprising: a source of an electron beam; means for finally directing at least a portion of the beam to a therapy site, the directing means being mechanically independent of, and electrically isolated from, the source, and having a target area; and means for aligning the source with the directing means, the aligning means comprising means for projecting at least one beam of light from the source toward the target area.

1987-01-27

245

Double-electron-capture cross section for I/sup +/ in a magnesium-vapor target

An electron accelerator unit is described for electron beam therapy, comprising: a source of an electron beam; means for finally directing at least a portion of the beam to a therapy site, the directing means being mechanically independent of, and electrically isolated from, the source, and having a target area; and means for aligning the source with the directing means, the aligning means comprising means for projecting at least one beam of light from the source toward the target area.

246

Development of High-Efficiency Low-Lift Vapor Compression System - Final Report

Measurements of the double-electron-capture process in which a positive ion of iodine becomes a negative ion in a single collision with a magnesium atom are reported between 20 and 90 keV. The cross section is comparable to that for the rare gases and not as large as might be expected from a two-valence-electron atom. This process is probably insignificant in the production of negative ion beams using a magnesium-vapor target.

1987-06-15

247

Designing Human m₁ Muscarinic Receptor-Targeted Hydrophobic Eigenmode Matched Peptides as Functional Modulators

PNNL, with cofunding from the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) and Building Technologies Program, conducted a research and development activity targeted at addressing the energy efficiency goals targeted in the BPA roadmap. PNNL investigated an integrated heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system option referred to as the low-lift cooling system that potentially offers an increase in HVAC energy performance relative to ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2004.

2010-03-31

248

Achieving cholesterol targets by individualizing starting doses of statin according to baseline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and coronary artery disease risk category: The CANadians Achieve Cholesterol Targets Fast with Atorvastatin Stratified Titration (CanACTFAST) study

A new proprietary de novo peptide design technique generated ten 15-residue peptides targeting and containing the leading nontransmembrane hydrophobic autocorrelation wavelengths, “modes”,...Full Text Available

2004-03-01

249

A bioinformatics tool for linking gene expression profiling results with public databases of microRNA target predictions

BACKGROUND:Despite an increasing body of evidence on the benefit of lowering elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), there is still considerable concern that...Full Text Available

2010-02-01

250

Tritium contamination and decontamination study on materials for ITER remote handling equipment

MicroRNAs are short (∼22 nucleotides) noncoding RNAs that regulate the stability and translation of mRNA targets. A number of computational algorithms have been developed to help predict which...Full Text Available

2008-11-01

251

Tritium contamination and decontamination study on materials for ITER remote handling equipment

Several materials, lenses, dry bearings and cables were exposed to a tritiated moisture environment to study the behavior of tritium contamination on candidate materials for ITER remote handling equipment. To optimize the tritium removal procedure, decontamination experiments using a gas purge with three different moisture concentrations were also performed. The surface tritium concentrations of CeO{sub 2} containing alkaline barium glass (NB), CeO{sub 2} containing lead glass (LX) and synthetic quartz (Quartz) after the exposure experiments were 7.80, 10.94 and 0.67 Bq/cm{sup 2}, respectively. It was found that the tritium concentration was influenced by the compositions of the materials. The concentrations of tritium on type 831 (solid lubrication material: graphite) and type 237 (solid lubrication material: tungsten disulfate) dry bearings after the exposure experiments were 89.80 and 31.78 Bq/cm{sup 2}, respectively. The tritium concentration in an electric ...

2001-09-01

252

Structure and magnetic properties of nanostructural strontium ferrite prepared by mechanochemical treatment

Several materials, lenses, dry bearings and cables were exposed to a tritiated moisture environment to study the behavior of tritium contamination on candidate materials for ITER remote handling equipment. To optimize the tritium removal procedure, decontamination experiments using a gas purge with three different moisture concentrations were also performed. The surface tritium concentrations of CeO_2 containing alkaline barium glass (NB), CeO_2 containing lead glass (LX) and synthetic quartz (Quartz) after the exposure experiments were 7.80, 10.94 and 0.67 Bq/cm"2, respectively. It was found that the tritium concentration was influenced by the compositions of the materials. The concentrations of tritium on type 831 (solid lubrication material: graphite) and type 237 (solid lubrication material: tungsten disulfate) dry bearings after the exposure experiments were 89.80 and 31.78 Bq/cm"2, respectively. The tritium concentration in an electric cable tested was 5014 ...

2001-09-01

253

Strategies for gallium removal after focused ion beam patterning of ferroelectric oxide nanostructures

Full text: It was recently-established for hexagonal barium ferrite-industrially important magnetically hard material that refinement of the crystallite dimensions into the nanoscale regime, typically #<=# 10 nm, leads after heat treatment at temperatures 800-1000 deg C to significant coercivity increase of up to 6.5 kOe (#approx#3-4 times) with saturation magnetisation values of 50-55 emu/g (#approx#95% of bulk at room temperature). High-energy mechanochemical processing has been applied to prepare nanostructural (nanocrystalline-amorphous) composites. High resolution electron microscopy studies reveal that the enhancement of the final magnetic properties was due to formation of magnetically noninteracting #approx#l,#mu#m Ba-ferrite particles with 5-10 nm amorphous surface layer - depending on annealing parameters. Similar situation was established also for ball milled strontium ferrite (SrFe_1_2O_1_9) powders where short annealing 4 h at 1000 deg C produced ...

254

Role of early phase helical CT images in the evaluation of wall invasion of colorectal cancer. Pathological correlation

As part of a study into the properties of ferroelectric single crystals at nanoscale dimensions, the effects that focused ion beam (FIB) processing can have, in terms of structural damage and ion implantation, on perovskite oxide materials has been examined, and a post-processing procedure developed to remove such effects. Single crystal material of the perovskite ferroelectric barium titanate (BaTiO_3) has been patterned into thin film lamellae structures using a FIB microscope. Previous work had shown that FIB patterning induced gallium impregnation and associated creation of amorphous layers in a surface region of the single crystal material some 20 nm thick, but that both recrystallization and expulsion of gallium could be achieved through thermal annealing in air. Here we confirm this observation, but find that thermally induced gallium expulsion is associated with the formation of gallium-rich platelets on the surface of the annealed material. These platelets ...

2007-01-24

255

Quarterly progress report for the Chemical and Energy Research Section of the Chemical Technology Division: October-December 1997

The usefulness of helical CT early phase images optimized by the SmartPrep method for evaluation of wall invasion by colorectal cancer was investigated. Between August 1997 and September 1998, CT was performed to evaluate the primary tumor and local extension in 10 consecutive patients with colorectal cancer confirmed by barium enema- and/or colonoscopy. Early-phase images were acquired by using SmartPrep application software. This method allows the optimal scan delay time to be obtained by continuous monitoring of increases in CT values after injection of contrast medium. Sections of the surgical specimens, close to the same plane as the CT images, and of the same slice thickness, were analyzed histopathologically. All 10 cancers, regardless of size, showed strong enhancement on the early-phase images (81.4-112 HU, mean: 95.1 HU). The strongly enhanced image areas on CT corresponded to the primary cancer areas on histopathological specimens. A low-density zone was ...

2000-02-01

256

Heavy ion induced changes in nuclear waste glasses: a micro Raman investigation

This report summarizes the major activities conducted in the Chemical and Energy Research Section of the Chemical Technology Division at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) during the period October--December 1997. The section conducts basic and applied research and development in chemical engineering, applied chemistry, and bioprocessing, with an emphasis on energy-driven technologies and advanced chemical separations for nuclear and waste applications. The report describes the various tasks performed within six major areas of research: Hot Cell Operations, Process Chemistry and Thermodynamics, Separations and Materials Synthesis, Fluid Structure and Properties, Biotechnology Research, and Molecular Studies. The name of a technical contact is included with each task described, and readers are encouraged to contact these individuals if they need additional information. Activities conducted within the area of Hot Cell Operations included efforts to optimize the processing conditions ...

1999-02-01

257

Evaluation of a novel radiopacifiying agent on the physical properties of surgical spineplex.

Borosilicate based glass formulations have been found suitable for fixing the HLW (high level radioactive liquid waste) generated after reprocessing of the spent nuclear fuel. As the glass experiences continuous irradiation by #alpha#, #beta#a, and #gamma# radiations from the radioactive components of HLW, alteration in the glass structure may occur. Understanding of these structural evolutions of the nuclear waste glasses under irradiation is crucial to secure long term disposal and predict their behavior. In the present work, alkali based barium borosilicate glasses, having composition similar to that of Trombay Research Reactor waste glass were irradiated with high energy "1"2C beam and the radiation induced changes were monitored by micro Raman experiment. Since a "1"2C atom can be considered as a cluster of alphas, this beam was chosen to yield linear energy losses (LET) comparable to that in case of a particles. The irradiations were carried out at 30 deg N ...

2010-12-01

258

Effect of Ho{sup 3+} substitutions on the structural and magnetic properties of BaFe{sub 12}O{sub 19} hexaferrites

Polymethlylmethacrylate (PMMA) is the most frequently used cement for percutaneous vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty. To aid visualisation during surgery cements are doped with radiopacifying agents such as Barium sulphate (Ba(2)SO(4)) or Zirconium Dioxide (ZiO(2)). Mounting research suggests that these agents may impair the biocompatibility of the cements. However, incorporating an alternative radiopacifier agent with excellent biocompatibility would be a significant step forward. Bioactive radiopaque glasses incorporating elements such as strontium (Sr) and zinc (Zn), known to have beneficial and therapeutic effects on bone, are of great interest in this respect. In this study, the Ba(2)SO(4) of the commercially available Spineplex was incrementally replaced with a radiopaque therapeutic glass composition. The resulting effects on cement setting time, peak isotherm, ultimate compressive strength, Young's modulus (up to 30 days cement maturation) and radiopacity were ...

2009-08-18

259

Defecographic diagnosis of the puborectalis syndrome; Diagnosi mediante defecografia della sindrome del muscolo puborettale

Holmium doped barium based hexaferrites BaFe{sub 12-2x}Ho{sub 2x}O{sub 19} with (x = 0.0-1.0) were synthesized by solid state reaction method. Structural and magnetic characterization of these ferrites provide significant information about their reactive physical properties. X-ray analysis reveals that in all samples M-type structure exist with few secondary phases. Scanning electron microscope revealed the grain size of the specimen. The results show that grain size decreases with the substitution degree of Holmium. Thus rare earth element Holmium Ho{sup 3+} acts as a grain growth inhibitor. The magnetic hysteresis loops show the variation in the values of magnetic parameters like saturation magnetization (M{sub s}), remanent magnetization (M{sub r}) and coercivity (H{sub c}) were observed by changing Ho{sup 3+} content in BaFe{sub 12-2x}Ho{sub 2x}O{sub 19} ferrites. Coercivity showed a maximum value of 2230 Oe for (x = 0.4) and then decreasing trend were observed ...

2010-04-09

260

Defecographic diagnosis of the puborectalis syndrome

The puborectalis syndrome is a defecation disorder supported by the nonrelaxation of puborectalis sling with consequent dyschezia. They report on a series of 98 patients submitted to clinical examination, defecography, anorectal manometry, electromyography and intestinal transit time studies. The main symptoms of puborectalis syndrome in their patients were incomplete defecation (89 %) and intermittent evacuation (63 %); 28 % of patients turned to finger defecation. In all patients, defecography showed an abnormal increase in puborectalis impression on the posterior anorectal wall, reduced anorectal angle opening under straining (mean value: 113 deg) and prolonged expulsion time with barium pooling in the ampulla (mean evacuation time: 38 seconds). Such anorectal abnormalities as rectal mucosal prolapse (47 cases) and anterior rectocele (36 cases) were also associated. In 33 of 98 patients (34 % of cases), sling assessment by bidigital palpation at preliminary ...

1997-04-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

261

Radiation inactivation target size of rat adipocyte glucose transporters in the plasma membrane and intracellular pools

The puborectalis syndrome is a defecation disorder supported by the nonrelaxation of puborectalis sling with consequent dyschezia. They report on a series of 98 patients submitted to clinical examination, defecography, anorectal manometry, electromyography and intestinal transit time studies. The main symptoms of puborectalis syndrome in their patients were incomplete defecation (89 %) and intermittent evacuation (63 %); 28 % of patients turned to finger defecation. In all patients, defecography showed an abnormal increase in puborectalis impression on the posterior anorectal wall, reduced anorectal angle opening under straining (mean value: 113 deg) and prolonged expulsion time with barium pooling in the ampulla (mean evacuation time: 38 seconds). Such anorectal abnormalities as rectal mucosal prolapse (47 cases) and anterior rectocele (36 cases) were also associated. In 33 of 98 patients (34 % of cases), sling assessment by bidigital palpation at preliminary ...

262

Proton G{sub E}/G{sub M} from beam-target asymmetry

The in situ assembly states of the glucose transport carrier protein in the plasma membrane and in the intracellular (microsomal) storage pool of rat adipocytes were assessed by studying radiation-induced inactivation of the D-glucose-sensitive cytochalasin B binding activities. High energy radiation inactivated the glucose-sensitive cytochalasin B binding of each of these membrane preparations by reducing the total number of the binding sites without affecting the dissociation constant. The reduction in total number of binding sites was analyzed as a function of radiation dose based on target theory, from which a radiation-sensitive mass (target size) was calculated. When the plasma membranes of insulin-treated adipocytes were used, a target size of approximately 58,000 daltons was obtained. For adipocyte microsomal membranes, we obtained target sizes of approximately 112,000 and 109,000 daltons prior ...

1987-06-15

263

One-class classifiers and their application to synthetic aperture radar target recognition

The ratio of the proton's electric to magnetic form factor, G{sub E}/G{sub M}, can be extracted in elastic electron-proton scattering by measuring cross sections, beam-target asymmetry, or recoil polarization. Separate determinations of G{sub E}/G{sub M} by cross sections and recoil polarization observables disagree for Q{sup 2}>1 (GeV/c){sup 2}. Measurement by a third technique might uncover an unknown systematic error in either of the previous measurements. The beam-target asymmetry has been measured for elastic electron-proton scattering at Q{sup 2} = 1.51 (GeV/c){sup 2} for target spin orientation aligned perpendicular to the beam momentum direction. This is the largest Q{sup 2} at which G{sub E}/G{sub M} has been determined by a beam-target asymmetry experiment. The result, {mu}G{sub E}/G{sub M}=0.884{+-}0.027{+-}0.029, is compared to previous world data.

2006-09-15

264

One-class classifier networks for target recognition applications

Target recognition requires the ability to distinguish targets from non-targets, a capability called one-class generalization. To function as a one-class classifier, a neural network must have three types of generalization: within-class, between-class, and out-of-class. We discuss these three types of generalization and identify neural network architectures that meet these requirements. We have applied our one-class classifier ideas to the problem of automatic target recognition in synthetic aperture radar. We have compared three neural network algorithms: Carpenter and Grossberg`s algorithmic version of the Adaptive Resonance Theory (ART-2A), Kohonen`s Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ), and Reilly and Cooper`s Restricted Columb Energy network (RCE). The ART 2-A neural network has given the best results, with 100% within-class, and out-of-class generalization. Experiments show that the network`s ...

1992-10-01

265

Integral cross sections of 50.5 MeV #alpha# particle inelastic scattering on 1p and (2s-1d) shell nuclei and scattering mechanisms

Target recognition requires the ability to distinguish targets from non-targets, a capability called one-class generalization. Many neural network pattern classifiers fail as one-class classifiers because they use open decision boundaries. To function as one-class classifier, a neural network must have three types of generalization: within-class, between-class, and out-of-class. We discuss these three types of generalization and identify neural network architectures that meet these requirements. We have applied our one-class classifier ideas to the problem of automatic target recognition in synthetic aperture radar. We have compared three neural network algorithms: Carpenter and Grossberg`s algorithmic version of the Adaptive Resonance Theory (ART-2A), Kohonen`s Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ), and Reilly and Cooper`s Restricted Coulomb Energy network (RCE). The ART 2-A neural network gives the best ...

1993-01-01

266

Donut-shaped high-dose configuration for proton beam radiation therapy

Obtained experimental data on integral cross sections (ICS) of inelastic scattering of 50.5 MeV #alpha# particles with the excitation of "6","7Li, "9Be, "1"2","1"3C, "1"4C, "1"4N, "2"0Ne, "2"4Mg, "2"8Si nucleus low-lying energy levels are discussed. Regularities, detected in the behaviour of ICS forward scattering for 20-90 deg angles and backscattering for 90-160 deg angles for the target-nucleus under investigation are considered. Effect of reaction open channel number on #alpha#-particle scattering ICS where n,p,d- and #alpha#-channels were considered as the main channels for all the target-nuclei, is discussed. Dependence of #alpha#-particle scattering ICS on the target-nucleus level excitation energy and dependences of reaction open channel number on the channel spin, calculated for 50.5 MeV #alpha# particles and different target nuclei are shown in the diagrams. It is noted that the observed ...

267

Donut-shaped high-dose configuration for proton beam radiation therapy

Background: the authors report on the conception and first clinical application of a donut-shaped high-dose configuration for proton therapy (PT). This approach allows one to intensify target volume dose coverage for targets encompassing a critical, dose-limiting structure - like here, the cauda equina -, whilst delivering minimal dose to other healthy structures surrounding the target, thereby reducing the integral dose. Methods and results: intensity-modulated PT methods (IMPT) for spot scanning were applied to create and deliver a donut-shaped high-dose configuration with protons, allowing treating > 75% of the target with at least 95% of the prescribed dose of 72.8 CGE, whilst restricting dose to the cauda equina to 60-65 CGE. Integral dose was lower by a factor of 3.3 as compared to intensity-modulated radiotherapy with photons (IMXT). Conclusion: IMPT and spot scanning technology allow a ...

2005-01-01

268

Radioactive targets for neutron-induced cross section measurements

Background: the authors report on the conception and first clinical application of a donut-shaped high-dose configuration for proton therapy (PT). This approach allows one to intensify target volume dose coverage for targets encompassing a critical, dose-limiting structure - like here, the cauda equina -, whilst delivering minimal dose to other healthy structures surrounding the target, thereby reducing the integral dose. Methods and results: intensity-modulated PT methods (IMPT) for spot scanning were applied to create and deliver a donut-shaped high-dose configuration with protons, allowing treating > 75% of the target with at least 95% of the prescribed dose of 72.8 CGE, whilst restricting dose to the cauda equina to 60-65 CGE. Integral dose was lower by a factor of 3.3 as compared to intensity-modulated radiotherapy with photons (IMXT). Conclusion: IMPT and spot scanning technology allow a ...

2005-01-01

269

Ganglioneuromas in childhood: MRI and CT characteristics; Ganglioneurome im Kindesalter: CT- und MRT-Charakteristika

Measurements using radioactive targets are important for the determination of key reaction path ways associated with the synthesis of the elements in nuclear astrophysics (sprocess), advanced fuel cycle initiative (transmutation of radioactive waste), and stockpile stewardship. High precision capture cross-section measurements are needed to interpret observations, predict elemental or isotopical ratios, and unobserved abundances. There are two new detector systems that are presently being commissioned at Los Alamos National Laboratory for very precise measurements of (n,{gamma}) and (n,f) cross-sections using small quantities of radioactive samples. DANCE (Detector for Advanced Neutron-Capture Experiments), a 4 {pi} gamma array made up of 160 BaF{sub 2} detectors, is designed to measure neutron capture cross-sections of unstable nuclei in the low-energy range (thermal to {approx}500 keV). The high granularity and high detection efficiency of DANCE, combined with ...

2004-01-01

270

Simultaneous production of "2"8Mg and "4"7Ca by high-energy heavy-ion irradiation for applications in biology

Purpose: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the typical appearance of ganglioneuromas in computer-assisted tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Material and methods: Retrospective analysis of diagnostic imaging (9 CT, 6 MRI) in 9 children aged 3 to 15 years with the histological diagnosis of ganglioneuroma. Results: The tomographies showed large (max. 13.4 cm in diameter) round or oval tumors with sharp delineation. The sites of the tumors were the retroperitoneum (5), the mediastinum (3), and the adrenal gland (1). Intraspinal tumor involvement occurred in 4 cases. On comparing CT with MRI, MRI was more accurate in defining the intraspinal involvement. The ganglioneuromas were of hypodense appearance in the native CT scan and showed moderate enhancement upon administration of contrast media. In five patients tumor calcifications with a disseminated sprinkled pattern were seen in CT. In MRI T{sub 1}-weighted scans the tumors were homogeneous ...

2000-05-01

271

SiO{sub 2}-Ta{sub 2}O{sub 5} sputtering yields: simulated and experimental results

With the aim of preparing carrier-free "2"8Mg and "4"7Ca simultaneously, Ti, V and Fe targets were examined by irradiating with high-energy ions of "1"2C, "1"4N and "1"6O accelerated by the RIKEN ring cyclotron. Among the targets, V gave the highest cross section for the formation of both "2"8Mg and "4"7Ca irrespective of the kind of beams. The cross section for the formation of "2"8Mg by the reactions of Ti, V and Fe targets with ion beams increased in the order of "1"2C<"1"6O<"1"4N. On the other hand, the three beams exhibited almost the same cross sections for the formation of "4"7Ca by the reaction of a given target. Titanium and V were selected as prospective targets and "1"4N as a suitable beam for the production of "2"8Mg and "4"7Ca. Chemical separation procedures of the radiotracers in carrier- and salt-free states have been established by using cation exchange resins. ...

272

Measurement of K x-ray intensity ratio of tin, gadolinium and dysprosium

To improve mirrors coating, we have modeled sputtering of binary oxide targets using TRIM code. First, we have proposed a method to calculate TRIM input parameters using on the one hand thermodynamic cycle and on the other hand Malherbe`s results. Secondly, an iterative processing has provided for oxide steady targets caused by ionic bombardment. Thirdly, we have exposed a model to get experimental sputtering yields. Fourthly, for (Ar - SiO{sub 2}) pair, we have determined that steady target is a silica one. A good agreement between simulated and experimental yields versus ion incident angle has been found. For (Ar - Ta{sub 2} O{sub 5}) pair, we have to introduce preferential sputtering concept to explain discrepancy between simulation and experiment. In this case, steady target is tantalum monoxide. For (Ar - Ta+O{sub 2}) pair, tantalum sputtered by argon ions in reactive oxygen atmosphere, we have to ...

1994-09-01

273

Variational method for estimating the rate of convergence of Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithms

Full text: Measurement of K_#beta# to K_#alpha# x-ray intensity ratios are important not only in the field of atomic physics, radiation physics and medical physics, but also to test the validity of assumptions made in the theoretical prediction. The intensity ratios can also give information on the effect of physical and chemical environment of the element in the compound. Many investigators have adopted a single and double reflection geometries to measure the K_#beta# to K_#alpha# x ray intensity ratios to understand the effect of physical and chemical environment on x-ray fluorescence. The targets are excited by a radioactive source of having activity of the order 100 MBq. in order to carry out accurate measurement K_#beta# to K_#alpha# x-ray intensity ratios, we have develop 2#pi# geometrical configuration method : placing a target right on the surface of the detector facing the target to measure the K shell fluorescence ...

2003-11-01

274

Transmission nuclear resonance fluorescence measurements of "2"3"8U in thick targets

We demonstrate the use of a variational method to determine a quantitative lower bound on the rate of convergence of Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms as a function of the target density and proposal density. The bound relies on approximating the second largest eigenvalue in the spectrum of the MCMC operator using a variational principle and the approach is applicable to problems with continuous state spaces. We apply the method to one dimensional examples with Gaussian and quartic target densities, and we contrast the performance of the basic Metropolis-Hastings algorithms with a ``smart'' variant that incorporates gradient information into the trial moves. We find that the variational method agrees quite closely with numerical simulations. We also see that the smart MCMC algorithm often fails to converge geometrically in the tails of the target density except in the simplest case we examine, and even then care ...

2006-01-01

275

The influence of chemically active gas on the light emission of metallic targets bombarded by positive ions

Transmission nuclear resonance fluorescence measurements were made on targets consisting of Pb and depleted U with total areal densities near 86g/cm"2. The "2"3"8U content in the targets varied from 0% to 8.5% (atom fraction). The experiment demonstrates the capability of using transmission measurements as a non-destructive technique to identify and quantify the presence of an isotope in samples with thicknesses comparable to the average thickness of a nuclear fuel assembly. The experimental data also appear to demonstrate the process of notch refilling with a predictable intensity. Comparison of measured spectra to previous backscatter "2"3"8U measurements indicates general agreement in observed excited states. Evidence of two new "2"3"8U excited states and possibly a third state have also been observed.

2011-05-15

276

Targeting the nicotinic alpha7 acetylcholine receptor to enhance cognition in disease

The introduction of oxygen in the vicinity of a metallic target surface, bombarded with positive argon ions of twenty kiloelectron-volts, increases the number of sputtered atoms in the excited state. This phenomenon of exaltation, very sensitive in the case of nickel and aluminium, is much less marked in the case of molybdenum. Moreover, the emission of excited particles coming from the beam's ions is not modified. A quantum-mechanical model of a kinetic emission process, which permits the interpretation of the clean metallic target's emission phenomena, seems insufficient to explain all of the results obtained in the presence of oxygen. In this last case one can therfore use a thermodynamic model in which excited metallic particles can be formed directly by chemical surface reactions of neutralization or reduction. (orig.).

277

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A promising drug target currently under investigation to improve cognitive deficits in neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders is the neuronal nicotinic alpha7 acetylcholine receptor (a7nAChR). Improving cognitive impairments in diseases such as Alzheimer's (AD) and schizophrenia remains a large unmet medical need, and the a7nAChR has many properties that make it an attractive therapeutic target. The a7nAChR is a ligand gated ion channel that has particularly high permeability to Ca^2^+ and is expressed in key brain regions involved in cognitive processes (e.g., hippocampus). The a7nAChRs are localized both pre-synaptically, where they can regulate neurotransmitter release, and post-synaptically where they can activate intracellular signaling cascades and influence downstream processes...

2011-01-01

278

Targeted drug delivery under MRI guidance

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The main goal of local drug delivery is to increase the concentration of a specific therapeutic agent in a target tissue with minimal nontarget distribution. Compared to systemic therapy, local drug delivery provides a high level of therapeutic efficacy with minimal systemic effects. The current primary imaging modality for drug delivery has been x-ray angiography, but it has major limitations including anatomical ambiguity and inability to visualize the targeted tissues. Due to these inherent problems, MR guidance has been explored as an alternative imaging modality for guiding and monitoring of drug therapy. Recently, interventional MR (XMR) systems have been implemented that have both dual x-ray and MRI capabilities in a single suite and allow for real-time interventional procedures to ...

2008-01-01

279

Study on possible fuel layering sequence for FIREX target

Studies on heterogeneous simulated Am targets. Influence of lanthanide oxides

A new procedure of fuel layering for the Fast Ignition Realization Experiment (FIREX) target is proposed. A conical laser guide heating technique was experimentally demonstrated in principle as the followings. It employed the target consisting of a polystyrene (PS) shell, a fill tube and a conical laser guide. At first, liquid fuel was fed into the shell and existed around the conical laser guide because the surface tension of the fuel must cause it. Then, it was solidified. The laser light provided a heat source to the conical laser guide so that the solid fuel was moved to the other interior of the shell. This process resulted in missing solid fuel around the conical laser guide. To fill the vacant space, liquid fuel was added as temperature was raised to the melting point. After the liquid fuel addition, temperature was lowered to the solidification point again. During this process, most of the solid fuel could survive.

2010-08-01

280

Studies of L x-rays from 64 MeV iodine projectiles in collision with gas targets

Targets for heterogeneous transmutation of americium are composed of a support material, the inert matrix and of an americium oxide compound: AmO{sub 2-x} or Am{sub 2}O{sub 3}. In parallel to the studies using americium, simulated compounds of americium oxide, chosen amongst lanthanide oxides, are used. The selection of these compounds is based on theoretical, physical and crystallochemical considerations. In order to assess the influence of impurities composed of lanthanide oxides, resulting from the separation process, on the physical and chemical properties of such a target, synthesis of oxide powders containing impurities associated with the simulated americium oxide, characterizations, crystallographic studies and sodium compatibility tests have been performed. (author)

1997-12-31

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

281

Some properties of atomic beam produced by laser induced ablation of Li target

We have studied L x-rays from 64 MeV iodine projectile in collision with various gas targets, Z_2 #18, do not arise from selective M subshell vacancy population, has been conclusively established by the observations by Datz et al (1971) and by Saha et al (1996) that the measured intensity ratio of the Ll and L#alpha# lines, which arise because of transitions from different M subshells into the same L, subshell, does not show any periodic behaviour with Z, but stays rather constant. Differences in the measured L#beta#_1/L#alpha# intensity ratio of iodine with 7"+ and 24"+ charge states impinging on Kr target established the minor role of the electrons in the N shell of the projectile in the x-ray production mechanism. (author)

1997-11-17

282

Separation of {sup 187,188}Pt and {sup 187,188}Ir produced in {sup 11}B{sup 4+} irradiated tantalum target

Pulsed atomic beams produced in vacuum by laser induced ablation from a lithium target are analyzed by laser induced fluorescence (LIF). The 1-mixing processes induced in the n = 9, 10 Li Rydberg states by collisions with CO_2 molecules illustrate the application of the method. Resolution is limited by the 1 mm diameter of the probe laser beam. Combining LIF and absorption measurements gives n_L_i as a function of time at various distances from the target surface. The investigation of the Li-C0_2 1-mixing process in a heat pipe oven proved impossible due to the high reactivity of Li with C0_2. This problem was solved by renewing the Li atoms at each laser shot. Values obtained for n = 9, n = 10 are k = 17 x 10"-"8 and 15 x 10"-"8 cc/sec, respectively.

283

Particle emission from low energy proton bombardment of TiH{sub 2} and TiD{sub 2}

Heavy ion irradiation on tantalum metal target with 57 MeV {sup 11}B{sup 4+} leads to the production of no-carrier-added radioisotopes of platinum, {sup 187,188}Pt and iridium, {sup 187,188}Ir in the matrix, which have been effectively separated from the bulk target and from each other with suitable anion exchangers employing liquid-liquid extraction (LLX). Also {sup 188,189}Pt and {sup 188,189}Ir radionuclides have been produced, from their short-lived precursors {sup 188,189}Au, in {sup 12}C{sup 6+} irradiated tantalum matrix. Gamma-spectroscopy has been utilised to determine the production, extent of separation and purity of the radiotracers at different stages of the experiment. (orig.)

2000-07-01

284

PIC Simulations Of Ion Acceleration By Linearly And Circularly Polarized Laser Pulses

TiH{sub 2} and TiD{sub 2} thick targets were bombarded with 100 to 200 keV protons. Evidence for nuclear reactions was obtained by means of a surface barrier particle detector. Proton irradiation of TiD{sub 2} produced the following observations: {alpha} particle emission identified as (p, {alpha}) reactions from {sup 11}B and {sup 7}Li impurities in the target at ppm concentrations; and {approx}3 MeV proton and {approx}1 MeV triton emission from secondary D-D reactions caused by elastic scattering of the primary proton with a target deuteron. A 3.9 MeV {alpha} particle peak measured by others was not observed. (author)

2002-03-01

285

Natural convection cooling of the IFMIF target and test cell

Linearly polarized laser radiation accelerates electrons to very high velocities and these electron form a sheath layer on the rear side of thin targets where preferentially protons are accelerated. When mass-limited targets are used, the lateral transport of the absorbed laser energy is reduced and the accelerating field is enhanced. For targets consisting of two ion species, heavier ions facilitate formation of quasi-monoenergetic bunch of lighter ions. For circularly polarized light, fast electron production is suppressed by the absence of the oscillatory component of the ponderomotive force. Ions are accelerated on the front side by the separation field and very thin foil can be accelerated as one massive quasi-neutral block. As all ion species acquire the same velocity, this acceleration mechanism is preferred for heavier ions.

2008-06-24

286

Inelastic excitation in the collisions of relativistic heavy ions

The present work summarizes efforts on the simulation of natural convection cooling within the IFMIF target and test cell. The simulations have been performed with the STAR-CD code using the k-#omega# high-Reynolds number turbulence model. A dedicated thermohydraulic model has been devised including Lithium loop components. Nuclear heat production has been calculated by the Monte-Carlo code McDeLicious for different parts of the target and test cell walls and was used as input for the STAR-CD simulations. Helium atmospheres at several pressures from 0.1 to 10"-"5 MPa have been investigated. In order to limit the maximum temperature of the concrete walls to 80 deg. C it was necessary to add thermal insulation layers to the hot Lithium loop surfaces and a conceptual system of two cooling layers in different depths of the concrete walls.

2007-10-01

287

Improvement of tracking performance using prediction-based algorithms for a maneuvering target

The penumbra of the profile function describing the nuclear collisions of relativistic heavy ions is related to the cross section for their producing a specific target-nucleus #gamma#-ray, sigmasub(#gamma#). The analysis assumes that the diffuse-edge diffraction model suffices to calculate the inelastic cross sections to the particle-stable states of the target nucleus. When the deformation lengths, deltasub(L) = #beta#sub(L)R, characterizing all important excitations are available from other experiments and the #gamma#-branching of these states is also known, the only unknown quantity determining sigmasub(#gamma#) is found to be the ratio of the diffuseness parameter of the profile function, d, to its radius, R. The most reliably determined values of d/R, for the target "4"0Ca, imply a rather wide penumbra, consistent with microscopic calculations. (orig.).

288

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This paper presents a study involving prediction of a complicated maneuvering target, with the aim of improving the tracking performance of a fire control system (FCS). In this study, we predict the position of a complicated maneuvering target 5 s in advance using the information up to the current time. Because of the large error caused by the complicated maneuvers and the long prediction time interval, the mechanical system of the fire control system will take a heavy load. In order to cope with this problem, several approaches to decreasing the prediction error have been proposed including the prediction algorithms based on the multiple model(MM) filter, interacting multiple model (IMM) filter, and variable dimension with input estimation (VDIE) filter. Finally, comparative simulation re...

2011-01-01

289

Hyperspectral remote sensing for mineral exploration in Pulang, Yunnan Province, China

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The launch of the first spaceborne hyperspectral instrument, Hyperion, in 2000 has provoked further research into its capabilities with regard to mineral exploration. Our study in the remote, mountainous region of Pulang, China employed a two-step progressive approach, first to locate target areas characterized by hydrothermal mineral alteration, using the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER), and secondly, to attempt detailed mineral mapping using Hyperion. The preliminary target detection involved principal components and broad-band spectral analysis and led to the detection of two target areas characterized by argillic alteration, iron-oxide- and sulphate-bearing minerals. A focused hyperspectral study followed using Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) and Mixt...

2011-01-01

290

Detached divertor plasmas in JET

Analysis of neutron emission spectra for 30-50 MeV #alpha#-particle induced reactions in thick targets

In simulations with high radiated power fractions, it is possible to produce the drop in ion current to the divertor targets typical of detached plasmas. Despite the fact that these experiments are performed on beryllium target tiles, radiation from deuterium and beryllium cannot account for the measured power losses. The neutral deuterium levels in the SOL in these plasmas are higher than the model predicts. This may be due to leakage from the divertor or to additional wall sources related to the non-steady nature of these plasmas. In contrast, a surprisingly high level of carbon is present in these discharges; higher even than would be predicted are the divertor target tiles pure carbon. This level may well be large enough to produce the measured radiation. (authors). 6 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.

1994-07-01

291

A combined numerical and theoretical study on the penetration of a jacketed rod into semi-infinite targets

Comparisons of calculated neutron yield distributions from #alpha#-particle induced reactions on thick targets are made with measured data to analyze the initial reaction process in the framework of the exciton (hybrid) model code ALICE91 (M. Blann, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Report UCID 19614, 1982). We have considered two reaction mechanisms: dissolution of the #alpha# in the nuclear field, and preequilibrium processes initiated by #alpha#-nucleon collisions. Both these processes seem to contribute to the emitted neutron spectra in varying proportions depending on the incident #alpha# energy and possibly on the target nucleus. Contributions from other processes appear to be non-negligible.

2003-06-01

292

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A combined numerical and theoretical study is conducted herein on the penetration of semi-infinite targets by jacketed rods with different r"j"0/r"c"0 ratios where r"j"0 and r"c"0 are the radii of the jacket and the core, respectively. The numerical results show that for smaller r"j"0/r"c"0 ratios the u-v relationship changes only a little compared to that of unitary long rod penetrator of the same core material, hence, the u-v relationship of unitary (homogeneous) long rod penetration is also applicable for jacketed rod penetration. Model for cratering in semi-infinite targets by jacketed rods is then suggested by using the laws of conversation of mass, momentum and energy, together with the u-v relationship of unitary (homogeneous) long rod penetration and an analytical model for predict...

2011-01-01

293

Synthesis of 4,5,6,7 and 2,4,5,6,7 deuterium-labeled indole-3-acetic acid for use in mass spectrometric assays

Spatial distributions of {sup 137}Cs and {sup 239+240}Pu in surface seawater within the Exclusive Economic Zone of East Coast Peninsular Malaysia

Syntheses are described for tetra and pentadeutero indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) labeled in positions 4,5,6,7 or 2,4,5,6,7 of the indole moiety. Polydeuterated IAA is proposed as an internal standard for gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of IAA by selected ion monitoring. Nanogram amounts of IAA may be assayed by monitoring the base peak of IAA at m/z = 130 (134 for d/sub 4/-IAA) and the molecular ion of the methyl ester of IAA at 189 (193 for d/sub 4/-IAA). Deuterium in positions 4,5,6, and 7 and, to only a slightly lesser extent, that in position 2 of IAA is retained during alkali treatment, thus permitting use of these compounds as internal standards for assay of IAA released by alkaline hydrolysis of ester and amide conjugates. The use of polydeutero internal standards separates the standards from the isotope cluster caused by the normal abundance of heavy isotopes and also permits use of reduced mass resolution, thus leading to a 10-fold increase in ...

1980-10-01

294

Some important aspects of fragment angular momentum in medium energy fission of {sup 238}U

The studies of {sup 137}Cs and {sup 239+240}Pu distributions in surface seawater at South China Sea within the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of Peninsular Malaysia were carried out in June 2008. The analysis results will serve as additional information to the expanded baseline data for Malaysia's marine environment. Thirty locations from extended study area were identified in the EEZ from which large volumes of surface seawater samples were collected. Different co-precipitation techniques were employed to concentrate cesium and plutonium separately. A known amount of {sup 134}Cs and {sup 242}Pu tracers were used as yield determinant. The precipitate slurry was collected and oven dried at 60 {sup o}C for 1-2 days. Cesium precipitate was fine-ground and counted using gamma-ray spectrometry system at 661.62 keV, while plutonium was separated from other radionuclides using anion exchange, electrodeposited and counted using alpha spectrometry. The activity ...

2010-09-15

295

Sizes, graphitic structures and fractal geometry of light-duty diesel engine particulates.

Independent isomeric yield ratios of {sup 131}Te, {sup 133}Te and {sup 134}I have been determined at five different energies in the range of 25-44 MeV alpha particle induced fission of {sup 238}U using radiochemical and gamma spectrometric techniques. From the independent isomeric yield ratios, fragment angular momenta (J{sub rms}) have been deduced using a statistical model analysis. The J{sub rms} were also calculated theoretically based on thermal equilibration of various collective modes after considering the occurrence of multichance fission. These data and the literature data for various fragments in the mass region 126-136 in {sup 238}U ({alpha},f), {sup 238}U (p,f) and {sup 238}U ({gamma},f) show the following important features: (i) Both the entrance channel excitation energy and input angular momentum affect the fragment angular momentum in the exit channel. (ii) There are two groups of fission products from the point of view of change of fragment angular ...

1999-03-15

296

Respiratory responses of young asthmatic volunteers in controlled exposures to sulfuric acid aerosol

The particulate matter of a light-duty diesel engine was characterized in its morphology, sizes, internal microstructures, and fractal geometry. A thermophoretic sampling system was employed to collect particulates directly from the exhaust manifold of a 1.7-liter turbocharged common-rail direct-injection diesel engine. The particulate samples collected at various engine-operating conditions were then analyzed by using a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (TEM) and an image processing/data acquisition system. Results showed that mean primary particle diameters (dp), and radii of gyration (Rg), ranged from 19.4 nm to 32.5 nm and 77.4 nm to 134.1 nm, respectively, through the entire engine-operating conditions of 675 rpm (idling) to 4000 rpm and 0% to 100% loads. It was also revealed that the other important parameters sensitive to the particulate formation, such as exhaust-gas recirculation (EGR) rate, equivalence ratio, and temperature, affected ...

2003-01-01

297

Radioiodine dosimetry and prediction of consequences of thyroid exposure of the Russian population following the Chernobyl accident

Thirty-two asthmatic volunteers 8 to 16 yr of age, recruited through local schools and private physicians, were exposed in a chamber to clean air (control condition) and to sulfuric acid aerosol at a low concentration (46 +/- 11 micrograms/m3; mean +/- SD) and at a high concentration (127 +/- 21 micrograms/m3). Acid aerosols had mass median aerodynamic diameters near 0.5 microns with geometric standard deviations near 1.9. Temperature was 21 degrees C, and relative humidity was near 50%. Subjects were exposed with unencumbered oronasal breathing for 30 min at rest plus 10 min at moderate exercise (ventilation rate approximately 20 L/min/m2 of body surface). A subgroup (21 subjects) were exposed similarly to clean air and to high acid (134 +/- 20 micrograms/m3) with 100% oral breathing. Increased symptoms and bronchoconstriction were found after exercise under all exposure conditions. For the group, symptom and lung function responses were not statistically ...

1990-08-01

298

Post-CHF Heat Transfer characteristics in one rod bundle geometry

In the early period after the Chernobyl accident, analysis of patterns of "1"3"1I exposure of the human thyroid showed that contaminated milk was the basic source of "1"3"1I intake among the inhabitants of Russia. The equipment and techniques used for measurement of the "1"3"1I content in the thyroids of these individuals are described in this work. A model of the "1"3"1I intake, taking into account protective actions, and a method of thyroid dose calculation are discussed. The mean thyroid dose and frequency distributions of the thyroid doses to inhabitants of towns and villages of the Bryansk, Tula and Orel regions of Russia are presented. The mean dose to the thyroids of children living in the villages was 2 to 5 times higher than the dose to adult thyroids; for children living in the towns, the mean dose was 1.5 to 12 times higher. The mean thyroid mass in adult inhabitants of the Bryansk region was 27 g, which exceeded the value for a standard man (20 g) and was taken into account ...

299

Post-CHF Heat Transfer characteristics in one rod bundle geometry

In the present paper, experimental study of forced convection boiling were performed to investigate the post-CHF characteristics of a vertical annular channel with one heated rod and four spacer grids for new refrigerant R-134a. The experiments were conducted under outlet pressure of 11.6, 13, 16 and 20 bar, mass fluxes of 100-600 kg/m{sup 2}s, and inlet temperatures of 25-51 .deg. C. The parametric trend of the post-CHF data was well consistent with previous studies. The two phase flow regime in tube flow occurring downstream of the CHF has been called post-CHF, dispersed flow, liquid-deficient flow, mist flow and film boiling. This regime is characterized by a continuous vapor phase with discrete liquid drops and a non-wetted heated surface. This regime has a considerable importance in the areas of light water reactor(LWR) accident analysis and other film boiling applications. The post-CHF region occurs by design in heat exchangers operating in the once-through ...

2006-07-01

300

Observation of eta_c(1S) and eta_c(2S) decays to K+ K- pi+ pi- pi0 in two-photon interactions

In the present paper, experimental study of forced convection boiling were performed to investigate the post-CHF characteristics of a vertical annular channel with one heated rod and four spacer grids for new refrigerant R-134a. The experiments were conducted under outlet pressure of 11.6, 13, 16 and 20 bar, mass fluxes of 100-600 kg/m2s, and inlet temperatures of 25-51 .deg. C. The parametric trend of the post-CHF data was well consistent with previous studies. The two phase flow regime in tube flow occurring downstream of the CHF has been called post-CHF, dispersed flow, liquid-deficient flow, mist flow and film boiling. This regime is characterized by a continuous vapor phase with discrete liquid drops and a non-wetted heated surface. This regime has a considerable importance in the areas of light water reactor(LWR) accident analysis and other film boiling applications. The post-CHF region occurs by design in heat exchangers operating in the once-through mode ...

2006-11-02

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

301

Manitoba Hydro's earth power program and Manitoba market update

We study the processes gamma gamma -> K^0_S K+/- pi-/+ and gamma gamma -> K+ K- pi+ pi- pi0 using a data sample of 519.2 fb-1 recorded by the BaBar detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e+e- collider at center-of-mass energies near the Upsilon(nS) (n = 2,3,4) resonances. We observe the eta_c(1S), chi_c0(1P), chi_c2(1P), and eta_c(2S) resonances produced in two-photon interactions and decaying to K+ K- pi+ pi- pi0, with significances of 18.1, 5.7, 5.2, and 5.3 standard deviations (including systematic errors), respectively. We measure the eta_c(2S) mass and width in K^0_S K+/- pi-/+ decays, m(eta_c(2S))=3638.5 +/- 1.5 +/- 0.8 MeV/c^2 and Gamma(eta_c(2S)) = 13.4 +/- 4.6 +/- 3.2 MeV, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. We search for the Z(3930) resonance and find no significant signal. We also provide the two-photon width times branching fraction values for the observed resonances.

2011-01-01

302

Luminescence studies of Nd3+- and Yb3+-doped ?-Y(IO3)3 and ?-Y(IO3)3, transparent host matrix in the mid- and beginning of the far-infrared

An outline of Manitoba Hydro's Earth Power program was presented. Details of the heat pump market in Manitoba were provided, including details of residential and commercial sales. Total residential heat pump sales amounted to 577 units in 2004, equivalent to over $11.2 million in sales. Commercial installations amounted to approximately $12.7 million. An outline of industry players was presented. The goals of Manitoba Hydro were outlined in relation to geothermal energy and the Power Smart program. Their objectives included increasing awareness of geothermal energy, making heat pumps more accessible, and improving industry infrastructure. Other objectives included educating the public about life-cycle cost implications, residential loans and commercial incentives. To date, the residential power loan has provided financing to over 300 Manitoba home owners for installations, with electrical savings of over 1.34 Gwh and natural gas savings of 279,425 m"3. The program ...

2005-02-24

303

In situ x-ray diffraction measurement of Pd/sub 2/Si transformation kinetics using a linear position-sensitive detector

?-Y(IO3)3 and ?-Y(IO3)3 are transparent until 12.8 and 13.4 ?m, respectively; thus they are interesting as a potential laser matrix in the mid- and beginning of the far-infrared. So, in order to investigate the properties of lanthanides- doped anhydrous yttrium iodate, polycrystalline samples of ?-Y1-xNdx(IO3)3 (0.01?x?0.05), ?-Y1-xNdx(IO3)3 (0.001?x?0.1), ?-Y1-xYbx(IO3)3 (0.01?x?0.33) and ?-Y1-xYbx(IO3)3 (0.01?x?0.25) were synthesized. For Nd3+ ions, fluorescent emissions from the 4F3/2 multiplet were observed at 300 K under pulsed laser excitations at 750 nm and for Yb3+, fluorescent emissions from the 2F5/2 multiplet were observed at 300 K under pulsed laser excitations at 980 nm. The decays of all these emissions were measured. They are exponential and the fluorescence lifetimes are in the range 0.093-0.193 ms for Nd3+ and 0.370-0.541 ms for Yb3+, depending on the nature of the host and the concentration of doping.

2009-03-01

304

Electronic and geometric structure of transition-metal nanoclusters

The x-ray diffraction technique described previously for measurement of growth kinetics of Pd/sub 2/Si layers from their solid state reaction couples has been extended by the use of a one-dimensional position-sensitive detector (PSD). Additionally, the method has been extended to include measurement of the Pd layer. A detailed description of the experimental arrangement and analytical procedures is presented. The kinetics of epitaxial Pd/sub 2/Si film growth were measured in situ over a range of 170--230 /sup 0/C. The PSD results, using data obtained from both the Pd/sub 2/Si and Pd layers, were able to confirm parabolic growth behavior for the Pd/sub 2/Si film. The rate constants followed Arrhenius behavior and yielded an activation energy of E = 1.32 +- 0.07 eV with a prefactor k/sub 0/ = 0.49 cm/sup 2//s for the Pd/sub 2/Si layer analysis and E = 1.34 +- 0.17 eV with a prefactor of 0.72 cm/sup 2//s for the Pd layer analysis. The PSD technique significantly ...

1988-02-15

305

Dose coefficients for intakes of radionuclides via contaminated wounds.

A massively-parallel ab initio computer code, which uses Gaussian bases, pseudopotentials, and the local density approximation, permits the study of transition-metal systems with literally hundreds of atoms. We present total energies and relaxed geometries for Ru, Pd, and Ag clusters with N = 55, 135, and 140 atoms; we also used the DMOL code to study 13-atom Pd and Cu clusters, with and without hydrogen. The N = 55 and 135 clusters were chosen because of simultaneous cubo-octahedral (fcc) and icosahedral (icos) sub-shell closings, and we find icos geometries are preferred. Remarkably large compressions of the central atoms are observed for the icos structures (up to 6% compared with bulk interatomic spacings), while small core compressions ({approx} 1 %) are found for the fcc geometry. In contrast, large surface compressive relaxations are found for the fcc clusters ({approx} 2-3% in average nearest neighbor spacing), while the icos surface displays small compressions ({approx} 1%). ...

1996-08-01

306

Deep-ocean record of major late Cenozoic rhyolitic eruptions from New Zealand

The NCRP Wound Model, which describes the retention of selected radionuclides at the site of a contaminated wound and their uptake into the transfer compartment, has been combined with the ICRP element-specific systemic models for those radionuclides to derive dose coefficients for intakes via contaminated wounds. These coefficients can be used to generate derived regulatory guidance (i.e., the activity in a wound that would result in an effective dose of 20 or 50 mSv, or in some cases, a organ-equivalent dose of 500 mSv) and clinical decision guidance (i.e., activity levels that would indicate the need for consideration of medical intervention to remove activity from the wound site, administration of decorporation therapy or both). Data are provided for 38 radionuclides commonly encountered in various activities such as nuclear weapons, fuel fabrication or recycling, waste disposal, medicine, research, and nuclear power. These include 3H, 14C, 32P, 35S, 59Fe, 57,58,60Co, 85,89,90Sr, ...

2011-05-01

307

Decreased duration of pentobarbital-induced narcosis in immature and adult female rats prenatally exposed to cimetidine

A 12 m.y. record of large rhyolitic eruptions from the Coromandel (CVZ) and Taupo (TVZ) volcanic zones of New Zealand is contained in cores retrieved by Leg 181 of the Ocean Drilling Program. Site 1124, located 670 km from the TVZ, has a maximum of 134 macroscopic tephra layers with a total thickness of 13.18 m. These units, along with between 7 and 63 tephras from 3 other sites, were dated by a combination of magnetostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, isothermal plateau fission track determinations, and geochemical correlation with onshore tephra deposits. Additional time control for the last 3 m.y. came from an orbitally tuned, benthic, oxygen isotope profile for Site 1123. Results extend the incomplete terrestrial record of volcanism by placing the first major rhyolitic eruption in the CVZ at c. 12 Ma, c. 1.6-1 m.y. earlier than previously known. Tephras became thicker and more frequent from the late Miocene into the Quaternary - a trend that probably reflected (1) ...

2004-09-01

308

Combined solar organic Rankine cycle with reverse osmosis desalination process: Energy, exergy, and cost evaluations

The effect of prenatal cimetidine exposure (PreCM) on the duration of pentobarbital-induced narcosis (DPN) was assessed in immature (14- and 28-day old) and adult (50-60-day old) male and female rats. PreCM exposure was accomplished by treating mothers with cimetidine (CM) (20 mg/kg, ip) daily for the last two days of gestation and then (0.01% in drinking water) throughout lactation. Pregnant mothers of untreated offspring (Con) received saline. PreCM decreased DPN to 505 +/- 33 min (from 611 +/- 23 min in Con) and 393 +/- 190 min (from 686 +/- 44 min in Con) in 14-day old male and female rats, respectively. Similarly, PreCM decreased DPN to 88 +/- 15 min (from 134 +/- 3 min in Con) and 102 +/- 19 min (from 171 +/- 44 min in Con) in 28-day old male and female rats, respectively. At 21 days, PreCM did not alter DPN in either sex. At 50-60 days, however, it decreased DPN to 144 +/- 41 min (from 238 +/- 7 min in Con) in females but had no effect in males; PreCM also ...

1986-03-01

309

Alternative Measuring Approaches in Gamma Scanning on Spent Nuclear Fuel

Organic Rankine cycles (ORC) have unique properties that are well suited to solar power generation. In this work design and performance calculations are performed using MatLab/SimuLink computational environment. The cycle consists of thermal solar collectors (Flat Plate Solar Collector (FPC), or Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC), or Compound Parabolic Concentrator (CPC)) for heat input, expansion turbine for work output, condenser unit for heat rejection, pump unit, and Reverse Osmosis (RO) unit. Reverse osmosis unit specifications used in this work is based on Sharm El-Shiekh RO desalination plant. Different working fluids such as: butane, isobutane, propane, R134a, R152a, R245ca, and R245fa are examined for FPC. R113, R123, hexane, and pentane are investigated for CPC. Dodecane, nonane, octane, and toluene are allocated for PTC. The proposed process units are modeled and show a good validity with literatures. Exergy and cost analysis are performed for saturation ...

2010-11-15

310

Alternative Measuring Approaches in Gamma Scanning on Spent Nuclear Fuel

In the future, the demand for energy is predicted to grow and more countries plan to utilize nuclear energy as their source of electric energy. This gives rise to many important issues connected to nuclear energy, such as finding methods that can verify that the spent nuclear fuel has been handled safely and used in ordinary power producing cycles as stated by the operators. Gamma ray spectroscopy is one method used for identification and verification of spent nuclear fuel. In the specific gamma ray spectroscopy method called gamma scanning the gamma radiation from the fission products Cs-137, Cs-134 and Eu-154 are measured in a spent fuel assembly. From the results, conclusions can be drawn about the fuels characteristics. This degree project examines the possibilities of using alternative measuring approaches when using the gamma scanning method. The focus is on examining how to increase the quality of the measured data. How to decrease the measuring time as ...

2009-03-01

311

Absolute detection efficiency of radiation detecting system for gamma-ray from sources with high activity

In the future, the demand for energy is predicted to grow and more countries plan to utilize nuclear energy as their source of electric energy. This gives rise to many important issues connected to nuclear energy, such as finding methods that can verify that the spent nuclear fuel has been handled safely and used in ordinary power producing cycles as stated by the operators. Gamma ray spectroscopy is one method used for identification and verification of spent nuclear fuel. In the specific gamma ray spectroscopy method called gamma scanning the gamma radiation from the fission products Cs-137, Cs-134 and Eu-154 are measured in a spent fuel assembly. From the results, conclusions can be drawn about the fuels characteristics. This degree project examines the possibilities of using alternative measuring approaches when using the gamma scanning method. The focus is on examining how to increase the quality of the measured data. How to decrease the measuring time as ...

2007-06-15

312

Absolute detection efficiency of radiation detecting system for gamma-ray from sources with high activity

In this experiment, we measured the detection efficiency of gamma-scanning system of Irradiated Materials Examination Facility (IMEF) in Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute(KAERI) for the spent PWR fuel and activity known sources with high activity. We measured the absolute detection efficiency of gamma scanning system of IMEF to the {sup 137}Cs-source with 10.4 GBq and {sup 60}Co source with 25.9 GBq High-activity sources as standard sources, and a fuel burned in the KORI -1 reactor of the Kori Nuclear power plant. In analyzing, we used three peeks those were the 661.64 keV peak form {sup 137} Cs 1173.23 and 1332.51 keV{sup 60} Co sources, and 14 peaks of {sup 134}Cs and {sup 154}Eu on the spent fuel gamma spectrum which are in the energy range from 500 to 1,600 keV. We find second order equations for detection efficiency by using our experimental results. The equation show that the detection efficiency of gamma scanning system for 1 MeV gamma-ray is ...

2003-10-01

313

A Simulation Study on a Radioactive Nuclide's Distribution within a Fuel rod by a Tomographic Gamma Scanning

In this experiment, we measured the detection efficiency of gamma-scanning system of Irradiated Materials Examination Facility (IMEF) in Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute(KAERI) for the spent PWR fuel and activity known sources with high activity. We measured the absolute detection efficiency of gamma scanning system of IMEF to the "1"3"7Cs-source with 10.4 GBq and "6"0Co source with 25.9 GBq High-activity sources as standard sources, and a fuel burned in the KORI -1 reactor of the Kori Nuclear power plant. In analyzing, we used three peeks those were the 661.64 keV peak form "1"3"7 Cs 1173.23 and 1332.51 keV"6"0 Co sources, and 14 peaks of "1"3"4Cs and "1"5"4Eu on the spent fuel gamma spectrum which are in the energy range from 500 to 1,600 keV. We find second order equations for detection efficiency by using our experimental results. The equation show that the detection efficiency of gamma scanning system for 1 MeV gamma-ray is 2.82217x10"-"6 % for the C3 ...

2003-10-01

314

What's new in target volume definition for radiologists in ICRU Report 71? How can the ICRU volume definitions be integrated in clinical practice?

Gamma scanning measurements are used to determine the radioactive nuclides from an irradiated fuel rod in a hot cell which is a routine task in the Irradiated Materials Examination Facility (IMEF) of the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Total gamma spectra of radioactive nuclides and the atomic ratio of {sup 134}Cs to {sup 137}Cs in a few segments of a single fuel rod are measured by the present gamma scanning system. For the purpose of determining the radioactive nuclide's distribution in detail within a fuel rod quantitatively, we attempt to upgrade the present gamma scanning system in this paper, therefore, an investigation of the feasibility of the tomographic gamma scanning (TGS) technique, which is one of the promising nondestructive assay (NDA) methods is proposed. The TGS technique is an efficient method and it has an accurate precision for the characterization of several fuel parameters. In this paper, a principle and an emission ...

2006-07-01

315

Variable domain I of nematode CLEs directs post-translational targeting of CLE peptides to the extracellular space

AbstractThe optimal definition of the size, shape and location of gross tumour volume is one of the most important steps in the planning of radiation therapy, and necessitates a proper...Full Text Available

316

Update on the Role of Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata in the Regulation of Seizures

Effector proteins expressed in the esophageal gland cells of cyst nematodes are delivered into plant cells through a hollow, protrusible stylet. Although evidence indicates that effector proteins function...Full Text Available

2010-12-01

317

Three-dimensional simulation study of compact toroid plasmoid injection into magnetized plasmas

The substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNR) represents an endogenous seizure suppressing system, which may be targeted to develop treatments for generalized or multifocal epilepsies. This review summarizes...Full Text Available

2006-05-01

318

The sensitivity of real-time PCR amplification targeting invasive Salmonella serovars in biological specimens

Three-dimensional dynamics of a compact toroid (CT) plasmoid, which is injected into a magnetized target plasma region is investigated by using magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) numerical simulations. It is found that the process of the CT penetration into this region is much more complicated than what has been analyzed so far by using a conducting sphere (CS) model. The injected CT suffers from a tilting instability, which grows with the similar time scale as the CT penetration. The instability is accompanied by magnetic reconnection between the CT magnetic field and the target magnetic field, which disrupts the magnetic configuration of the CT. Magnetic reconnection plays a role to supply the high density plasma initially confined in the CT magnetic field into the target region. Also, the penetration depth of the CT high density plasma is examined. It is shown to be shorter than that estimated from the CS model. The CT high ...

1999-04-01

319

The selective hypoxia inducible factor-1 inhibitor PX-478 provides in vivo radiosensitization through tumor stromal effects

BackgroundPCR amplification for the detection of pathogens in biological material is generally considered a rapid and informative diagnostic technique. Invasive Salmonella...Full Text Available

320

The selection and definition of targeted work-related conditions for surveillance under SENSOR.

Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) promotes tumor cell adaptation to microenvironmental stress. HIF-1 is up-regulated in irradiated tumors and serves as a promising target for radiosensitization....Full Text Available

2009-04-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

321

The prospects for polarized target materials with pure carbon background

Lists of reportable conditions and case definitions are important tools for epidemiologic surveillance. As part of an initiative to encourage occupational disease surveillance systems linked to intervention...Full Text Available

1989-12-01

322

The implication of Sir2 in replicative aging and senescence in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

None of the materials presently in common use for polarized proton targets has a pure carbon nuclear background. The alcohols and diols contain some oxygen, and the ammonia and amine-based materials contain nitrogen and/or other noncarbon species. In the latter cases the noncarbon nuclei are measurably polarized as a concomitant of the process used to polarize the hydrogen nuclei. The relative simplicity of a pure carbon background would be advantageous for most types of scattering experiments and perhaps crucial for some. In addition to simplifying the kinematics of background events, pure carbon is relatively easy to prepare as a dummy'' target for background subtraction. Also, in such a target material, [sup 13]C-enrichment would yield a clean polarized [sup 13]C material. In this note I explore the possibilities for such materials, touching upon only what I consider to be the ...

1992-10-06

323

The anxious wait: assessing the impact of patient accessible EHRs for breast cancer patients

The target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway regulates cell growth and aging in various organisms. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, silent information regulator 2 (Sir2) modulates cellular senescence. Moreover,...Full Text Available

324

The Spectrum of Monogenic Autoinflammatory Syndromes: Understanding Disease Mechanisms and Use of Targeted Therapies

BackgroundPersonal health records (PHRs) provide patients with access to personal health information (PHI) and targeted education. The use of PHRs has the potential to improve a...Full Text Available

325

The Regulation of Aging and Longevity

Monogenic autoinflammatory diseases encompass a distinct and growing clinical entity of multisystem inflammatory diseases with known genetic defects in the innate immune system. The diseases...Full Text Available

2008-07-01

326

The Magdalena Ridge Observatory 2.4 m Telescope

p53 plays a critical role in tumor suppression. As a transcription factor, in response to stress signals, p53 regulates its target genes and initiates stress responses, including cell cycle arrest,...Full Text Available

2011-04-01

327

The Burden of Common Infectious Disease Syndromes at the Clinic and Household Level from Population-Based Surveillance in Rural and Urban Kenya

EOS Technologies has been commissioned to design and build a unique 2.4m astronomical telescope for the Magdalena Ridge Observatory. This telescope utilizes a high quality primary mirror and cell from a now decommissioned military application. This paper describes the project and gives an overview of the telescope design. The Magdalena Ridge Observatory (MRO) 2.4 meter telescope will be primarily utilized to observe, track, and characterize solar system astronomical targets, Earth satellites, space vehicles, and terrestrial military targets. The telescope's rapid tracking (slew rates are 10o/sec) will allow it to move to any target and acquire data within one minute of receipt of notice. In this way, the telescope will be used to capitalize on targets of opportunity that occur in asteroid studies (e.g., Near Earth Objects) and in astrophysics, such as gamma ray bursts and other transient phenomena. ...

2006-07-01

328

Targeting the p53 Pathway in Ewing Sarcoma

BackgroundCharacterizing infectious disease burden in Africa is important for prioritizing and targeting limited resources for curative and preventive services and monitoring the...Full Text Available

329

Targeting the Pentose Phosphate Pathway in Syndrome X-related Cardiovascular Complications

The p53 tumour suppressor plays a pivotal role in the prevention of oncogenic transformation. Cancers frequently evade the potent antitumour surveillance mechanisms of p53 through mutation of the TP53...Full Text Available

2011-01-01

330

Targeted plasmid integration into the human genome by an engineered zinc-finger recombinase

Syndrome X is a combination or co-occurrence of several known cardiovascular risk factors (including central obesity, dyslipidemias, fatty liver disease, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance,...Full Text Available

2010-05-01

331

Targeted gene transfection from microbubbles into vascular smooth muscle cells using focused, ultrasound-mediated delivery

The development of new methods for gene addition to mammalian genomes is necessary to overcome the limitations of conventional genetic engineering strategies. Although a variety of DNA-modifying enzymes...Full Text Available

2011-09-01

332

Target organs and systems: methodologies to assess immune system function.

We investigate a method for gene delivery to vascular smooth muscle cells using ultrasound triggered delivery of plasmid DNA from electrostatically coupled cationic microbubbles. Microbubbles...Full Text Available

2010-09-01

333

Systematics of average radiative width of heavy nuclides

Immunotoxicity encompasses both reduced and heightened immune function. Diverse chemicals can impair functioning of the immune system. Both monographs and books have been devoted to detailed descriptions...Full Text Available

1998-04-01

334

Synthetic substrates for measuring activity of autophagy proteases

Systematics of neutron capture radiative width were studied in the target element range from Th to Cm. Reduced radiative widths were analyzed with a simple radiative width formula based on E1 transition. Average radiative width is presented with the standard deviation of 15%. (author)

1999-03-01

335

Synthesis and characterization of a biotinylated organophosphorus ester for detection and affinity purification of a brain serine esterase: neuropathy target esterase.

Atg4 cysteine proteases (autophagins) play crucial roles in autophagy by proteolytic activation of Atg8 paralogs for targeting to autophagic vesicles by lipid conjugation, as well as in subsequent deconjugation...Full Text Available

2010-10-01

336

Structure of Natural Killer Cell Receptor KLRG1 Bound to E-Cadherin Reveals Basis for MHC-Independent Missing Self Recognition

We have synthesized a novel stable precursor, saligenin phosphorotrichloridate, which, on reaction with N-monobiotinyldiamines, generates a series of biotinylated covalent inhibitors of serine esterases....Full Text Available

1994-07-15

337

Stem cell niches and other factors that influence the sensitivity of bone marrow to radiation-induced bone cancer and leukaemia in children and adults

SUMMARYThe cytolytic activity of natural killer (NK) cells is regulated by inhibitory receptors that detect the absence of self molecules on target cells. Structural studies of...Full Text Available

2009-07-17

338

Species-specific microRNA roles elucidated following astrocyte activation

Purpose: This paper reviews and reassesses the internationally accepted niches or ‘targets’ in bone marrow that are sensitive to the induction of leukaemia and primary...Full Text Available

2011-04-01

339

Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase as a Therapeutic Target for Cardiovascular Diseases

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that play a central role in regulation of gene expression by binding to target genes. Many miRNAs were associated with the function of the central nervous...Full Text Available

2011-05-01

340

Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibition: Targeting Multiple Mechanisms of Ischemic Brain Injury with a Single Agent

PrefaceCardiovascular effects of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) include vasodilation, vascular smooth muscle cell anti-migratory actions, and anti-inflammatory actions. These...Full Text Available

2009-10-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

341

Roles of lead-binding proteins in mediating lead bioavailability.

SummarySoluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is a key enzyme in the metabolic conversion and degradation of P450 eicosanoids called epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). Genetic variations...Full Text Available

2009-03-01

342

Role of nitroso radicals as drug targets in circulatory shock

The intracellular bioavailability of lead (Pb) at low dosage levels in major target organs such as the kidney and brain appears to be largely determined by complexation with a group of low molecular...Full Text Available

1998-12-01

343

Regional Convection-Enhanced Delivery of Gadolinium-labeled Albumin in the Rat Hippocampus In Vivo

A vast amount of circumstantial evidence implicates oxygen-derived free radicals (especially, superoxide and hydroxyl radical) and high-energy oxidants [such as peroxynitrite (OONO⁻)]...Full Text Available

2009-06-01

344

Rare Homologous Gene Targeting in Histoplasma capsulatum: Disruption of the URA5_Hc Gene by Allelic Replacement

Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) has emerged as a promising method of targeted drug-delivery for treating central nervous system (CNS) disorders, but the influence of brain structure on infusate...Full Text Available

2010-03-15

345

Rapid, sensitive detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in simulated clinical specimens by DNA amplification.

URA5 genes encode orotidine-5′-monophosphate pyrophosphorylase (OMPpase), an enzyme involved in pyrimidine biosynthesis. We cloned the Histoplasma capsulatum URA5...Full Text Available

1998-10-01

346

Rapamycin inhibits trypanosome cell growth by preventing TOR complex 2 formation

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was investigated as a means of diagnosing Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections. The target DNA sequence was a 375-bp segment of the P1 virulence protein. This DNA segment...Full Text Available

1992-12-01

347

ROCK DEFORMATION. Final Progress Report

Target of rapamycin (TOR) kinases control cell growth through two functionally distinct multiprotein complexes. TOR complex 1 (TORC1) controls temporal cell growth and is sensitive to rapamycin, whereas...Full Text Available

2008-09-23

348

RNA:DNA Ratio and Other Nucleic Acid Derived Indices in Marine Ecology

The Gordon Research Conference (GRC) on ROCK DEFORMATION was held at II Ciocco from 5/19/02 thru 5/24/02. Emphasis was placed on current unpublished research and discussion of the future target areas in this field.

2002-05-24

349

Putative Biomarkers and Targets of Estrogen Receptor Negative Human Breast Cancer

Some of most used indicators in marine ecology are nucleic acid-derived indices. They can be divided by target levels in three groups: 1) at the organism level as ecophysiologic indicators, indicators...Full Text Available

350

Protein Targets of Reactive Metabolites of Thiobenzamide in Rat Liver In Vivo

Breast cancer is a progressive and potentially fatal disease that affects women of all ages. Like all progressive diseases, early and reliable diagnosis is the key for successful treatment and annihilation....Full Text Available

351

Protein Damage by Reactive Electrophiles: Targets and Consequences

Thiobenzamide (TB) is a potent hepatotoxin in rats, causing dose-dependent hyperbilirubinemia, steatosis, and centrolobular necrosis. These effects arise subsequent to and appear to result from...Full Text Available

2008-07-01

352

Prolonged signaling at the parathyroid hormone receptor by peptide ligands targeted to a specific receptor conformation

It has been sixty years since the Millers first described the covalent binding of carcinogens to tissue proteins. Protein covalent binding was gradually overshadowed by the emergence of DNA...Full Text Available

2008-01-01

353

Preparation of a "6"2Zn-"6"2Cu generator and of "6"1Cu following alpha particle irradiation of a nickel target

The parathyroid hormone receptor (PTHR) is a class B G protein-coupled receptor that plays critical roles in bone and mineral ion metabolism. Ligand binding to the PTHR involves interactions to both...Full Text Available

2008-10-28

354

Predictive and prognostic markers for epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor therapy in non-small cell lung cancer

The "6"2Zn-"6"2Cu generator system is one of the few which yield a pure positron emitting daughter. The authors have developed a method for the preparation of this generator system following 32 MeV #alpha# particle bombardment of nickel targets. The chemical processing involves two stages: first a hydrous zirconium oxide column is used at pH 4-5 to separate the zinc and copper activities produced in the target nickel, and secondly, a conventional anion exchange column is used to retain the "6"2Zn and remove all copper activities in 2M HCl. This column serves as the "6"2Cu generator which will yield pure "6"2Cu repeatedly, free from "6"2Zn and other impurities, in a mixture of HCl and NaCl. A method is outlined also to obtain a solution of "6"2Zn using the hydrous zirconium oxide (HZO) column. "6"1Cu can be prepared as a by-product in the above procedure, but a method for the preparation of "6"1Cu alone using an 18 MeV #alpha# particle beam on a ...

355

Potential of mTOR inhibitors for the treatment of subependymal giant cell astrocytomas in tuberous sclerosis complex

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) related therapies – mainly tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as erlotinib and gefitinib, but also monoclonal antibodies targeting EGFR, for example,...Full Text Available

2009-11-01

356

Potassium channels as a potential therapeutic target for trigeminal neuropathic and inflammatory pain

Rapamycin inhibits the mTOR (target of rapamycin) pathway and extends lifespan in multiple species. The tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) protein is a negative regulator of mTOR. In humans, loss of the...Full Text Available

357

Previous studies in several different trigeminal nerve injury/inflammation models indicated that the hyperexcitability of primary afferent neurons contributes to the pain pathway underlying mechanical...Full Text Available

358

Pion-induced fission

Paradoxical function for the receptor for advanced glycation end products in mouse models of pulmonary fibrosis

The A(..pi../sup +/,/sup 3/He)B reaction near threshold is studied in a model where the pion is absorbed by an /sup 4/He constituent of the target nucleus. The predictions of this model using harmonic oscillator cluster wave functions agree semi-quantitatively with the experimental data on the inverse reaction.

1982-03-10

359

Pancreatic cancer: molecular pathogenesis and new therapeutic targets

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive disease with poor survival. The identification of therapeutic targets is essential to improving outcomes. Previous studies found that expression...Full Text Available

2011-03-31

360

PCR-based method for targeting 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer regions among Vibrio species

Patients with pancreatic cancer normally present with advanced disease that is lethal and notoriously difficult to treat. Survival has not improved dramatically, despite routine use of chemotherapy...Full Text Available

2009-07-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

361

Optimization of isotope production by cross section determination

BackgroundThe genus Vibrio is a diverse group of Gram-negative bacteria comprised of 74 species. Furthermore, the genus has and is expected to continue expanding...Full Text Available

362

Optimal bone strength and mineralization requires the type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase in osteoblasts

In order to optimize the production of "2"0"1Tl and "6"7Ga using the (p, xn) reactions on enriched "2"0"3Tl and "6"8Zn targets we established a new set of cross section curves for the most relevant reactions. Target stacks made of up to 15 thin (50 #mu#m) natural Tl or Zn foils interleaved with brass degradation foils were irradiated with incident proton energies from 42 to 10 MeV in overlapping experiments. Yields for "2"0"0","2"0"1","2"0"2"m","2"0"3","2"0"4"mPB and "6"6","6"7","6"8Ga were computed from measured #gamma# emission rates. Where possible, cross section curves for the nuclear reactions involved were computed. Thick target yields and contamination ratios for enriched targets were derived and show good agreement with results from actual production runs. (orig.).

363

Nucleoside Drugs Induce Cellular Differentiation by Caspase-Dependent Degradation of Stem Cell Factors

Hypothyroidism and thyrotoxicosis are each associated with an increased risk of fracture. Although thyroxine (T4) is the predominant circulating thyroid hormone, target cell responses are determined...Full Text Available

2010-04-20

364

Nuclear Targeting of Methyl-Recycling Enzymes in Arabidopsis thaliana Is Mediated by Specific Protein Interactions.

BackgroundStem cell characteristics are an important feature of human cancer cells and play a major role in the therapy resistance of tumours. Strategies to target cancer stem cells...Full Text Available

365

Noradrenergic ?₁ Receptors as a Novel Target for the Treatment of Nicotine Addiction

Numerous transmethylation reactions are required for normal plant growth and development. S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) and adenosine kinase (ADK) act coordinately to recycle the by-product of these reactions, S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) that would otherwise competitively inhibit methyltransferase (MT) activities. Here, we report on investigations to understand how the SAH produced in the nucleus is metabolized by SAHH and ADK. Localization analyses using green fluorescent fusion proteins demonstrated that both enzymes are capable of localizing to the cytoplasm and the nucleus, although no obvious nuclear localization signal was found in their sequences. Deletion analysis revealed that a 41-amino-acid segment of SAHH (Gly(150)-Lys(190)) is required for nuclear targeting of this enzyme. This segment is surface exposed, shows unique sequence conservation patterns in plant SAHHs, and possesses additional features of protein-protein interaction motifs. ADK ...

2011-10-01

366

Nano to micro delivery systems: targeting angiogenesis in brain tumors

Nicotine is the main psychoactive ingredient in tobacco and its rewarding effects are considered primarily responsible for persistent tobacco smoking and relapse. Although dopamine has been extensively...Full Text Available

2010-07-01

367

Multiple Functions of the 37/67-kd Laminin Receptor Make It a Suitable Target for Novel Cancer Gene Therapy

Treating brain tumors using inhibitors of angiogenesis is extensively researched and tested in clinical trials. Although anti-angiogenic treatment holds a great potential for treating primary and secondary...Full Text Available

368

Motion compensation with a scanned ion beam: a technical feasibility study

The 37/67-kd laminin receptor, LAMR, is a multifunctional protein that associates with the 40S ribosomal subunit and also localizes to the cell membrane to interact with the extracellular matrix. LAMR...Full Text Available

2010-01-01

369

Molecular dynamics of a ?B DNA element: base flipping via cross-strand intercalative stacking in a microsecond-scale simulation

BackgroundIntrafractional motion results in local over- and under-dosage in particle therapy with a scanned beam. Scanned beam delivery offers the possibility to compensate target...Full Text Available

370

MicroRNAs and small interfering RNAs can inhibit mRNA expression by similar mechanisms

The sequence-dependent structural variability and conformational dynamics of DNA play pivotal roles in many biological milieus, such as in the site-specific binding of transcription factors to target...Full Text Available

2008-09-01

371

Mechanisms of confluence-dependent expression of CD26 in colon cancer cell lines

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenously encoded small noncoding RNAs, derived by processing of short RNA hairpins, that can inhibit the translation of mRNAs bearing partially complementary target sequences....Full Text Available

2003-08-19

372

Measurements of Spectral Characteristics of Swimmer Targets ...

BackgroundCD26 (dipeptidyl peptidase IV, DPPIV) is a 110 kDa surface glycoprotein expressed in most normal tissues, and is a potential novel therapeutic target for selected cancers....Full Text Available

373

Materials considerations for the National Spallation Neutron Source target

... 3.0 Radar Measurements 3-1 3. 1 Spectral Density Measurements 3-2 3. 1. 1 System Calibration 3-3 ... 3. 1 SPECTRAL DENSITY MEASUREMENTS ...

1974-05-01

374

Mass Production of 64Cu with 64Ni(p,n)64Cu Nuclear Reaction and Target Material Recycling

The National Spallation Neutron Source (NSNS), in which neutrons are generated by bombarding a liquid mercury target with 1 GeV protons, will place extraordinary demands on materials performance. The target structural material will operate in an aggressive environment, subject to intense fluxes of high energy protons, neutrons, and other particles, while exposed to liquid mercury and to water. Components that require special consideration include the Hg liquid target container and protective shroud, beam windows, support structures, moderator containers, and beam tubes. In response to these demands a materials R and D program has been developed for the NSNS that includes: selection of materials; calculations of radiation damage; irradiations, post irradiation testing, and characterization; compatibility testing and characterization; design and implementation of a plan for monitoring of materials performance in service; and ...

1997-08-01

375

Mammalian target of rapamycin signaling modulates photic entrainment of the suprachiasmatic circadian clock

64Cu (T1/2=12.7h, ?- decay: 40%, ?+ decay: 19%, E.C. decay: 41%) is one of the most useful radioisotope in the nuclear medicine due to its multiple decay mode and the intermediate half-life. Several nuclear reaction, i.e., 64Ni(p,n)64Cu, 68Zn(p,?n)64Cu and 64Ni(d,2n)64Cu have been investigated for production. The highest could be obtained with proton irradiation on the enriched 64Ni target. For mass and routine production, the 64Ni target fabrication using electroplating, the reliable chemical separation of 64Cu from the irradiated 64Ni target and the effective recovery process for the recycling of very expensive enriched material ($20,000/g) and so forth are absolutely necessary to be established. In this work, we report our mass production method of 64Cu with 64Ni and Cyclone-30 accelerator

2009-05-01

376

Linking Gene Expression and Functional Network Data in Human Heart Failure

Inducible gene expression appears to be an essential event that couples light to entrainment of the master mammalian circadian clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus....Full Text Available

2010-05-05

377

LYN is a mediator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and target of dasatinib in breast cancer

BackgroundGene expression profiling and the analysis of protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks may support the identification of disease bio-markers and potential drug targets....Full Text Available

378

Kinetic Complexity of the Global Response to Glucocorticoid Receptor Action

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a switch of polarized epithelial cells to a migratory, fibroblastoid phenotype, is considered a key process driving tumor cell invasiveness and metastasis....Full Text Available

2010-03-15

379

Key Beliefs for Targeted Interventions to Increase Physical Activity in Children: Analyzing Data from an Extended Version of the Theory of Planned Behaviour

We have characterized the kinetic response of gene targets throughout the murine genome to transcriptional modulation by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). In contrast to a model in which multiple genes...Full Text Available

2009-04-01

380

Intracellular delivery of an antisense?oligonucleotide via endocytosis of a G protein-coupled receptor

Given the high prevalence of overweight and low levels of physical activity among children, a better understanding of physical activity behaviour is an important step in intervention planning. This...Full Text Available

2010-01-01

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381

Inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase A induces oxidative stress and inhibits tumor progression

Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR), a member of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily, has been utilized for receptor-mediated targeting of imaging and therapeutic agents; here we extend...Full Text Available

2010-10-01

382

Increased degradation of MYPT1 contributes to the development of tolerance to nitric oxide in porcine pulmonary artery

As the result of genetic alterations and tumor hypoxia, many cancer cells avidly take up glucose and generate lactate through lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), which is encoded by a target gene of c-Myc...Full Text Available

2010-02-02

383

In vivo expression and mitochondrial targeting of yeast apoiso-1-cytochrome c fusion proteins.

Myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 (MYPT1) is the regulatory subunit of myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP). It plays a critical role in vasodilatation induced by cGMP-elevating agents such as nitric...Full Text Available

2010-07-01

384

In vitro analysis of nuclear mRNA export using molecular beacons for target detection

To define the import pathway for apoiso-1-cytochrome c in vivo, the coding region for bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) or yeast copper metallothionein (CuMT) was fused to the carboxy...Full Text Available

1990-11-01

385

Immunochemical Analysis of the Temporal and Tissue-Specific Expression of an Avena sativa Plasma Membrane Determinant 1

A detailed molecular characterization of nuclear mRNA export will require an in vitro system, allowing a biochemical reconstitution of transport. To this end, an mRNA export assay has...Full Text Available

2003-06-01

386

Identification of circulating neuropilin-1 and dose-dependent elevation following anti-neuropilin-1 antibody administration

An immunoglobulin Mk monoclonal (F8IVE9) antibody raised against oat (Avena sativa cv Garry) root homogenate has been produced and characterized. The predominant target...Full Text Available

1992-01-01

387

Identification of Achaete-scute complex-like 1 (ASCL1) target genes and evaluation of DKK1 and TPH1 expression in pancreatic endocrine tumours

Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) acts as a co-receptor for class 3 semaphorins and vascular endothelial growth factor and is an attractive angiogenesis target for cancer therapy. In addition to the transmembrane...Full Text Available

2009-07-01

388

Identification and Characterization of Retinoid-Active Short-Chain Dehydrogenases/Reductases in Drosophila melanogaster

BackgroundASCL1 role in pancreatic endocrine tumourigenesis has not been established. Recently it was suggested that ASCL1 negatively controls expression of the...Full Text Available

389

INVERTEBRATE FAUNA ASSOCIATED WITH TORPEDOGRASS, PANICUM REPENS (CYPERALES: POACEAE), IN LAKE OKEECHOBEE, FLORIDA, AND ...

BackgroundIn chordates, retinoid metabolism is an important target of short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDRs). It is not known whether SDRs play a role in retinoid...Full Text Available

2009-10-01

390

Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Inhibition of Immunoamphisomes in Dendritic Cells Impairs Early Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses

... 154. By way of comparison, the aquatic weed Hygrophila polysperma (Roxb.) T. Anderson, a potential target for biological ... L. Sutton. 2000. Is the aquatic weed hygrophila, Hygrophila polysperma (Polemon...

391

Heat Stress Enhances the Accumulation of Polyadenylated Mitochondrial Transcripts in Arabidopsis thaliana

SUMMARYDendritic cells (DCs) in mucosal surfaces are early targets for human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1). DCs mount rapid and robust immune responses upon pathogen encounter....Full Text Available

2010-05-28

392

Health and function of participants in the Long Life Family Study: A comparison with other cohorts

BackgroundPolyadenylation of RNA has a decisive influence on RNA stability. Depending on the organisms or subcellular compartment, it either enhances transcript stability or targets...Full Text Available

393

Hair Mercury Negatively Correlates with Calcium Pump Activity in Human Term Newborns and Their Mothers at Delivery

Individuals from families recruited for the Long Life Family Study (LLFS) (n= 4559) were examined and compared to individuals from other cohorts to determine whether the recruitment targeting longevity...Full Text Available

394

Gyrase B Inhibitor Impairs HIV-1 Replication by Targeting Hsp90 and the Capsid Protein*

BackgroundCalcium homeostasis is a known target of several environmental toxicants including lead and mercury.ObjectiveOur goal was to determine...Full Text Available

2008-02-01

395

Goldin says NASA must reach streamlining targets - Johnson Space ...

Chemical genetics is an emerging approach to investigate the biology of host-pathogen interactions. We screened several inhibitors of ATP-dependent DNA motors and detected the gyrase B inhibitor coumermycin...Full Text Available

2010-12-10

396

Glutamatergic regulation of ghrelin-induced activation of the mesolimbic dopamine system

Jan 20, 1995 ... Jenn-Air dowedraft cooktop, staintess steel, coil. $75; telephone ans mach, $25. Eric, x31917. $295; President & First Lady premier plus ...

397

Genetic Diversity in Blastomyces dermatitidis: Implications for PCR Detection in Clinical and Environmental Samples

Recently, we demonstrated that the central ghrelin signalling system, involving the ghrelin receptor (GHS-R1A), is important for alcohol reinforcement. Ghrelin targets a key mesolimbic circuit involved...Full Text Available

2011-01-01

398

Gene expression analysis of interferon ? in laser capture microdissected cervical epithelium

SummaryBlastomycosis is a serious and potentially fatal infection by the thermally dimorphic fungus Blastomyces dermatitidis. PCR assays targeting the BAD-1 virulence...Full Text Available

2010-03-01

399

Fyn Is a Novel Target of (?)-Epigallocatechin Gallate in the Inhibition of JB6 Cl41 Cell Transformation

Optimal sample handling techniques for tissue preparation and storage, RNA extraction and quantification, and target gene detection are crucial for reliable gene expression analysis. Methods...Full Text Available

2008-10-01

400

Forecasting changes in amphibian biodiversity: aiming at a moving target

The cancer preventive action of (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), found in green tea, is strongly supported by epidemiology and laboratory research data. However, the mechanism by...Full Text Available

2008-03-01

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401

Food Advertising and Marketing Directed at Children and Adolescents in the US

Amphibian population declines and sudden species' extinctions began to be noted at the beginning of the 1980s. Understanding the causes of the losses is hampered by our poor knowledge of the amphibian...Full Text Available

2005-02-28

402

First line targeted therapies in breast cancer: focus on bevacizumab

In recent years, the food and beverage industry in the US has viewed children and adolescents as a major market force. As a result, children and adolescents are now the target of intense and specialized...Full Text Available

403

Excitation functions for proton-induced reactions on natural hafnium: Production of {sup 177}Lu for medical use

The heterogeneity of metastatic breast cancer mandates the need to select therapies taking into account tumor and patient characteristics. Chemotherapy is indicated in the palliative setting especially...Full Text Available

2007-03-01

404

Excitation functions for proton-induced reactions on natural hafnium: Production of "1"7"7Lu for medical use

There is an increasing interest in using radioisotopes of rare earth elements for internal radiotherapy and for imaging in nuclear medicine. {sup 177}Lu is one of the promising radionuclides. This article reports on the first measurements of the excitation function for the production of {sup 177}Lu with proton-beam energies up to 17 MeV on natural hafnium targets. The experimental cross sections for the reaction {sup nat}Hf(p,x){sup 177}Lu were obtained by the activation of a stacked-foil target and subsequent gamma spectrometry. Theoretical cross sections were calculated up to 35 MeV with the EMPIRE nuclear reaction model code. The measured and calculated cross sections were used for deriving the thick-target yields and for estimating the production of other nuclides than {sup 177}Lu. Measured production cross sections of {sup 175,176,177,178}Ta on the same target are also presented.

2009-11-15

405

Examining the Phonological Neighborhood Density Effect Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy

There is an increasing interest in using radioisotopes of rare earth elements for internal radiotherapy and for imaging in nuclear medicine. "1"7"7Lu is one of the promising radionuclides. This article reports on the first measurements of the excitation function for the production of "1"7"7Lu with proton-beam energies up to 17 MeV on natural hafnium targets. The experimental cross sections for the reaction "n"a"tHf(p,x)"1"7"7Lu were obtained by the activation of a stacked-foil target and subsequent gamma spectrometry. Theoretical cross sections were calculated up to 35 MeV with the EMPIRE nuclear reaction model code. The measured and calculated cross sections were used for deriving the thick-target yields and for estimating the production of other nuclides than "1"7"7Lu. Measured production cross sections of "1"7"5","1"7"6","1"7"7","1"7"8Ta on the same target are also presented.

2009-11-01

406

Evidence for divided automatic attention

Phonological density refers to the number of words that can be generated by replacing a phoneme in a target word with another phoneme in the same position. Although the precise nature of the...Full Text Available

2011-09-01

407

Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)

Abstract in english A long-standing debate in the literature is whether attention can form two or more independent spatial foci in addition to the well-known unique spatial focus. There is evidence that voluntary visual attention divides in space. The possibility that this also occurs for automatic visual attention was investigated here. Thirty-six female volunteers were tested. In each trial, a prime stimulus was presented in the left or right visual hemifield. This stimulus was characteriz (more) ed by the blinking of a superior, middle or inferior ring, the blinking of all these rings, or the blinking of the superior and inferior rings. A target stimulus to which the volunteer should respond with the same side hand or a target stimulus to which she should not respond was presented 100 ms later in a primed location, a location between two primed locations or a location in the contralateral hemifield. Reaction time to the positive ...

2008-02-01

408

Evidence for an association between TSH and IGF-1 receptors

Evaluation of heterogeneity effects for Am reaction rates of the moderated subassemblies

TSH receptor (TSHR) plays a central role in regulating thyroid function and is targeted by IgGs in Graves’ disease (GD-IgG). Whether TSHR is involved in the pathogenesis of thyroid associated...Full Text Available

2008-09-15

409

Emulsified Nanoparticles Containing Inactivated Influenza Virus and CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides Critically Influences the Host Immune Responses in Mice

The technology of minor actinide recycling in fast reactors has been discussed. In CEA, the feasibility study on Am once-through recycling in Phenix core with the moderated target subassemblies (S/As) has been performed. In this report, the evaluation of the heterogeneity effect on the moderated target S/As is described. It was evaluated by the calculation with the continuous energy Monte-Carlo code, MVP, because the accuracy of the deterministic method for the moderated target S/As is unknown. The reaction rates of four isotopes (Am-241, Am-242, Am242m and Am-243) calculated with the heterogeneous model and the homogeneous one were compared. These four isotopes play the important role in Am incineration. It is seen that the homogeneous model overestimates the reaction rates of Am-241 and Am-243 by 4 - 13%, and underestimates those of Am-242 and Am-242m by 13 - 23%. Further investigation made it clear that the ...

1998-10-01

410

Elastic scattering of electrons from the N = 50 isotones: "8"8Sr, "8"9Y, "9"0Zr and "9"2Mo

BackgroundAntigen sparing and cross-protective immunity are regarded as crucial in pandemic influenza vaccine development. Both targets can be achieved by adjuvantation strategy...Full Text Available

411

Effects of local texture and grain structure on the sputtering performance of tantalum

... mev range 100-1000 molybdenum 92 molybdenum 92 target nuclear radii

412

Dose Optimization for Long-term rAAV-mediated RNA Interference in the Nigrostriatal Projection Neurons

Tantalum and tantalum-based thin films have gained precedence as the diffusion barrier for copper interconnects used in the latest generation of integrated circuits (ICs). The paper presents insight and observations on the covariance of texture and grain size of wrought tantalum sputtering targets and their influence on sputtering performance. Previous studies involving deposition trials of tantalum targets of varying metallurgical character had demonstrated that both grain size and textural homogeneity is critical for assuring reliable sputtering performance of tantalum. Subsequently, a model had been proposed to prescribe how localized texture bands and orientation clusters in tantalum are effectively resistant to sputter erosion. In this paper, results of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and orientation imaging microscopy (OIM{sup TM}) analyses on the eroded surface of a tantalum sputtering target are presented. Initial ...

2002-07-01

413

Differential targeting of Tetrahymena ORC to ribosomal DNA and non-rDNA replication origins

Short-hairpin RNA (shRNA)–mediated gene knockdown is a powerful tool for targeted gene silencing and an emerging novel therapeutic strategy. Recent publications, however, reported unexpected...Full Text Available

2009-09-01

414

Development of small-molecule inhibitors of the group I p21-activated kinases, emerging therapeutic targets in cancer

The Tetrahymena thermophila origin recognition complex (ORC) contains an integral RNA subunit, 26T RNA, which confers specificity to the amplified ribosomal DNA (rDNA) origin by base...Full Text Available

2009-02-04

415

Development of fission Mo-99 production technology

The p21-activated kinases (PAKs), immediate downstream effectors of the small G-proteins of the Rac/cdc42 family, are critical mediators of signaling pathways regulating cellular behaviors and...Full Text Available

2010-09-01

416

Detection and Identification of Bartonella Species Pathogenic for Humans by PCR Amplification Targeting the Riboflavin Synthase Gene (ribC)

This R and D project is planed to supply domestic demands of Mo-99 through fission route, and consequently this project will be expected to rise up utilization of HANARO and KAERI's capability for marketing extension into domestic and oversea radiopharmaceutical market. HEU and LEU target types are decided and designed for fission Mo-99 production in domestic. Experimental study of target fabrication technology was performed and developed processing equipments. And conceptual design of target loading/unloading in/from HANARO device are performed. Tracer test of Mo-99 separation and purification process was performed, test results reach to Mo-99 recovery yield above 80% and decontamination factor above 1600. Combined Mo-99 separation and purification process was decided for hot test scheduled from next year, and performance test was performed. Conceptual design for modification of existing hot cell for fission Mo-99 ...

2001-05-01

417

Dengue virus protein recognition by virus-specific murine CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

Several Bartonella species have now been implicated as human pathogens. The recovery of these fastidious organisms in the clinical microbiology laboratory remains difficult, and current...Full Text Available

2003-03-01

418

The identification of the protein targets for dengue virus-specific T lymphocytes may be useful for planning the development of subunit vaccines against dengue. We studied the recognition by murine...Full Text Available

1993-02-01

419

Deformation of CHS model

DNA base mismatch detection with bulky rhodium intercalators: synthesis and applications

We calculate mass spectrum of CHS model deformed by an exactly marginal operator, and find that there are tachyons which are not localized in the target space. Similar deformation is discussed in another CFT which corresponds to separated NS5-branes. A condensation of the tachyons is briefly argued.

2002-10-07

420

Cultural Variation in Vigilance and Precaution Themes.

The syntheses and applications of two metallointercalators, Rh(bpy)₂(chrysi)³⁺ and Rh(bpy)₂(phzi)³⁺, that target single base mismatches in DNA are...Full Text Available

2007-01-01

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421

Comparative Analysis of State Fish Consumption Advisories Targeting Sensitive Populations

Determine the degree to which different precautionary themes are dominant in various target populations and how these themes are acquired. Assess cultural signals of potential danger: are there different kinds of potential danger in different cultures. Do...

2009-01-01

422

Characterization of the Decision Network for Wing Expansion in Drosophila Using Targeted Expression of the TRPM8 Channel

ObjectiveFish consumption advisories are issued to warn the public of possible toxicological threats from consuming certain fish species. Although developing fetuses and children...Full Text Available

2008-12-01

423

Characterization of Cytokinin and Adenine Transport in Arabidopsis Cell Cultures1[OA

After emergence, adult flies and other insects select a suitable perch and expand their wings. Wing expansion is governed by the hormone bursicon and can be delayed under adverse environmental...Full Text Available

2009-03-18

424

Carotenoid Crystal Formation in Arabidopsis and Carrot Roots Caused by Increased Phytoene Synthase Protein Levels

Cytokinins are distributed through the vascular system and trigger responses of target cells via receptor-mediated signal transduction. Perception and transduction of the signal can occur at the plasma...Full Text Available

2008-12-01

425

CDC45 and DPB11 are required for processive DNA replication and resistance to DNA topoisomerase I-mediated DNA damage

BackgroundAs the first pathway-specific enzyme in carotenoid biosynthesis, phytoene synthase (PSY) is a prime regulatory target. This includes a number of biotechnological approaches...Full Text Available

426

Beam-forming system for electrostatic accelerator

The antitumor agent camptothecin targets DNA topoisomerase I by reversibly stabilizing a covalent enzyme-DNA intermediate. The subsequent collision of DNA replication forks with these drug-enzyme-DNA...Full Text Available

1999-09-28

427

Association of Unique, Isolated Treponemes with Bovine Digital Dermatitis Lesions?

A simple beam-forming system is described for the electrostatic accelerator of the Scientific-Research Institute of Nuclear Physics of Moscow State University. The system allows the beam to be focused on targets at various distances for a conductor potential of from 1 to 4 MV and beam currents of up to 35 #mu# A.

1988-01-01

428

Analysis of target cell susceptibility as a basis for the development of a chemoprotective strategy against benzene-induced hematotoxicities.

This study used a PCR-based approach targeting 16S rRNA gene fragments to determine the occurrence and association of the three bovine digital dermatitis (BDD) treponeme phylogroups within lesions found...Full Text Available

2009-03-01

429

Analysis of illegitimate genomic integration mediated by zinc-finger nucleases: implications for specificity of targeted gene correction

A goal of our research is to identify biochemical factors that underlie the susceptibility of bone marrow cell populations to benzene metabolites so as to develop a mechanistically based chemoprotective...Full Text Available

1996-12-01

430

An Eating Disorder Randomized Clinical Trial & Attrition: Profiles & Determinants of Dropout

BackgroundFormation of site specific genomic double strand breaks (DSBs), induced by the expression of a pair of engineered zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), dramatically increases the...Full Text Available

431

Alterations in the steroid hormone receptor co-chaperone FKBPL are associated with male infertility: a case-control study

ObjectiveThis study sought to determine whether differential treatment effects in the targeted mechanisms of change and eating disorder (ED) symptoms are associated...Full Text Available

2011-05-01

432

Allosteric Drug Discrimination Is Coupled to Mechanochemical Changes in the Kinesin-5 Motor Core*

BackgroundMale infertility is a common cause of reproductive failure in humans. In mice, targeted deletions of the genes coding for FKBP6 or FKBP52, members of the FK506 binding...Full Text Available

433

Activated PPAR? Targets Surface and Intracellular Signals That Inhibit the Proliferation of Lung Carcinoma Cells

Essential in mitosis, the human Kinesin-5 protein is a target for >80 classes of allosteric compounds that bind to a surface-exposed site formed by the L5 loop. Not established is why there...Full Text Available

2010-06-11

434

ATG12 Conjugation to ATG3 Regulates Mitochondrial Homeostasis and Cell Death

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors belonging to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. Their discovery in the 1990s provided insights...Full Text Available

2008-01-01

435

A pilot application of risk-based methods to establish in-service inspection priorities for nuclear components at Surry Unit 1 Nuclear Power Station

SUMMARYATG12, an ubiquitin-like modifier required for macroautophagy, has a single known conjugation target, another autophagy regulator called ATG5. Here, we identify ATG3 as...Full Text Available

2010-08-20

436

A duplex real-time RT-PCR assay for the detection of California serogroup and Cache Valley viruses

As part of the Nondestructive Evaluation Reliability Program sponsored by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the Pacific Northwest Laboratory is developing a method that uses risk-based approaches to establish in-service inspection plans for nuclear power plant components. This method uses probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) results and Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FEMA) techniques to identify and prioritize the most risk-important systems and components for inspection. The Surry Nuclear Power Station Unit 1 was selected for pilot applications of this method. The specific systems addressed in this report are the reactor pressure vessel, the reactor coolant, the low-pressure injection, and the auxiliary feedwater. The results provide a risk-based ranking of components within these systems and relate the target risk to target failure probability values for individual components. These results will be used to guide the development of ...

437

A Vasculature-Targeting Regimen of Pre-Operative Docetaxel with or without Bevacizumab for Locally Advanced Breast Cancer

A duplex TaqMan real-time RT-PCR assay was developed for the detection of California (CAL) serogroup viruses and Cache Valley virus (CVV), for use in human surveillance. The targets selected...Full Text Available

2009-10-01

438

A Master Conductor for Aggregate Clearance by Autophagy

PurposeTaxanes have effects on angiogenesis causing difficulties in separating biologic effects of chemotherapy from those due to angiogenesis inhibitors. This randomized...Full Text Available

2009-05-15

439

A Bragg curve counter with an internal production target for the measurement of the double-differential cross-section of fragment production induced by neutrons at energies of tens of MeV

Autophagic adapters including p62/SQSTM1 recognize polyubiquitinated autophagic targets such as toxic protein aggregates. Recently reporting in Molecular Cell, Filimonenko et al. provide evidence...Full Text Available

2010-05-18

440

Molybdaen-targets in the Research Centre J``ulich; Erzeugung von Molybdaen fuer die Medizin im FRJ-2 des Forschungszentrums Juelich

A Bragg curve counter equipped with an internal production target was developed for the measurements of double-differential cross-sections of fragment production induced by neutrons at energies of tens of MeV. The internal target permitted a large detection solid angle and thus the registration of processes at low production rates. In this specific geometry, the detection solid angle depends on the emission angle and the range of the particle. Therefore the energy, atomic number, and angle of trajectory of the particle have to be taken into account for the determination of the solid angle. For the selection of events with tracks confined within a defined cylindrical volume around the detector axis, a segmented anode was applied. The double-differential cross-sections for neutron-induced production of lithium, beryllium, and boron fragments from a carbon target were measured at 0 deg. for 65 MeV neutrons. The results are in ...

2009-11-11

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

441

The production of carrier-free lead-203

From autumn this year, the FRJ-2 of the Research Center Juelich will be supplying molybdenum targets to the Institut National des Radioelements in Fleurus, Belgium - which deals in medical radio-isotopes worldwide - thus helping to meet the need for technetium-99, which is used in the medical profession for diagnostic purposes because of its favourable radiological characteristics. Technetium-99 is formed as a result of the radioactive decay of molybdenum-99. For many years now, molybdenum has been produced by the irradiation of uranium in research reactors, so that the initiation of molybdenum production in the FRJ-2 is not especially new. What is unusual, however, are the particular peripheral conditions which result from the combination of the irradiation requirements, a predetermined target design and the technical characteristics of the reactor and which necessitated special solutions. This applies especially to the handling of the ...

1999-06-01

442

The CTOF measurements and Monte Carlo analyses of neutron spectra for backward direction from iron target irradiated by protons with energies from 400 to 1200 MeV

The chemical separation of carrier-free "2"0"3Pb following deuterium bombardment of a "2"0"3Tl target is described. Coprecipitation from strontium sulphate was used to separate the "2"0"3Pb from a solution of the thallium target in sulphuric acid. The SrSO_4 precipitate was filtered, washed and dissolved in hydrochloric acid, from which "2"0"3Pb was again separated by precipitation on sodium chloride from a strongly acid solution. Advantages of the system are discussed and optimum conditions given. (U.K.).

443

Target Diagnostic Instrument-Based Controls Framework for the National Ignition Facility

A calorimetric-time-of-flight (CTOF) technique was used for real-time, high-precision measurement of neutron spectrum at the angle of 175 degrees from the initial proton beam direction, which hits a face plane of a cylindrical iron target of 20 cm in diameter and 25 cm thick. A comparison was performed between the neutron spectra predicted by the MARS and the MCNPX code systems and measured by experiments for 0.4-, 0.6-, 0.8-, 1.0-, and 1.2-GeV protons.

2009-01-01

444

Simulation of High Power Deposition on Target Materials: Applications in Magnetic, Inertial Fusion, and High Power Plasma Lithography Devices

NIF target diagnostics are being developed to observe and measure the extreme physics of targets irradiated by the 192-beam laser. The response time of target materials can be on the order of 100ps--the time it takes light to travel 3 cm--temperatures more than 100 times hotter than the surface of the sun, and pressures that exceed 109 atmospheres. Optical and x-ray diagnostics were developed and fielded to observe and record the results of the first 4-beam experiments at NIF. Hard and soft x-ray spectra were measured, and time-integrated and gated x-ray images of hydrodynamics experiments were recorded. Optical diagnostics recorded backscatter from the target, and VISAR laser velocimetry measurements were taken of laser-shocked target surfaces. Additional diagnostics are being developed and commissioned to observe and diagnose ignition implosions, including various neutron and ...

2007-05-07

445

Real time neutron dosemeter response calculations

High power and particle deposition on target materials are encountered in many applications including magnetic and inertial fusion devices, nuclear and high energy physics applications, and laser and discharge produced plasma devices. Surface and structural damage to plasma-facing components due to the frequent loss of plasma confinement remains a serious problem for the Tokamak reactor concept. The deposited plasma energy causes significant surface erosion, possible structural failure, and frequent plasma contamination.

2006-01-01

446

Purification of cyclotron-produced {sup 203}Pb for labeling Herceptin

The response of a real time neutron dosemeter using a thin LiF target sandwiched between tow parallel surface barrier semiconductor detectors is studied for different neutron distributions and different angles of incidence. Calculations of the response function defined for a simultaneous detection by the two detectors of the particles emitted when the reaction "6Li(n,t)#alpha# occurs in the target are fulfilled by geometrical considerations of the reaction kinematics and the differential cross section variations. Finally, the efficiency of the studied detection systems is analyzed for dosimetric uses. (author).

1996-04-01

447

Proton beam monitoring and forming on the target of isotope complex at INR linac

A simple and rapid procedure was developed for the purification of cyclotron-produced {sup 203}Pb via the {sup 203}Tl(d,2n) {sup 203}Pb reaction. A Pb(II) selective ion-exchange resin, with commercial name Pb Resin from Eichrom Technologies, Inc., was used to purify {sup 203}Pb from the cyclotron-irradiated Tl target with excellent recovery of the enriched Tl target material. The purified {sup 203}Pb was used to radiolabel the monoclonal antibody Herceptin. The in vitro and in vivo properties of the {sup 203}Pb radioimmunoconjugate were evaluated.

2005-04-01

448

Production of carrier-free lead-203

Special beam extraction channel is used at INR linac for isotope production. It starts from 160 MeV measuring and matching area of accelerator. This choice of beam extraction enables to direct to the target of isotope complex a proton beam of wide energy range up to 160 MeV. It is important for production of different types of nuclides. The measuring results of proton beam behavior in this region are presented. Required beam forming in 160 MeV measuring and matching area of accelerator and in beam extraction channel is discussed.

2010-01-01

449

NuMI proton beam diagnostics and control: achieving 2 megawatt capability

The chemical separation of carrier-free /sup 203/Pb following deuterium bombardment of a /sup 203/Tl target is described. Coprecipitation from strontium sulphate was used to separate the /sup 203/Pb from a solution of the thallium target in sulphuric acid. The SrSO/sub 4/ precipitate was filtered, washed and dissolved in hydrochloric acid, from which /sup 203/Pb was again separated by precipitation on sodium chloride from a strongly acid solution. Advantages of the system are discussed and optimum conditions given.

1982-07-01

450

Neural solution to the target intercept problems in a gun fire control system

The NuMI proton beam at Fermilab currently delivers 120 GeV protons to the neutrino production target with design beam power capability to 400 kW. Upgrade capability to 700 kW is being prepared, with planning toward delivering 2.3 MW beam provided by the Project X accelerator upgrade plan. We report on the system of beam diagnostics and control used in operation of the NuMI beam. Also considered are the steps to provide a robust system for transport and targeting beam of 2 MW and beyond.

2008-10-01

451

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Time delay neural networks trained with the backpropagation algorithm are derived for the gun fire control system to correct the miss distance between a target and the projectiles from the gun. Its performance is compared to optimum linear filter based on minimum mean square error [R.E. Kalman, A new approach to linear filtering and prediction problems, J. Basic Eng. 82D (1960) 35-44.]. The structure of the proposed neural controller is described and performance results are shown.

2007-01-01

452

Near-threshold production of {omega}-mesons in the pn{yields}d{omega} reaction

Modification of a gas jet transport system for the supression of heavy-mass fission product homologues

The first measurement of the pn{yields}d{omega} total cross-section has been achieved at mean excess energies Q{approx}28 and 57 MeV by using a deuterium cluster-jet target. The momentum of the fast deuteron was measured in the ANKE spectrometer at COSY-Juelich and that of the slow ''spectator'' proton (p{sub sp}) from the pd{yields}p{sub sp}d{omega} reaction in a silicon telescope placed close to the target. The cross-sections lie above those measured for pp{yields}pp{omega} but seem to be below theoretical predictions. (orig.)

2004-09-01

453

Modification of a gas jet transport system for the supression of heavy-mass fission product homologues

The uranium target of a gas jet transport system for fission products has been modified by the addition of an aluminum cover foil. The new modification allows fission fragments of low mass to enter a continuous chemistry system while heavier fragments are stopped in the aluminum. The elimination of the heavier homologues allows development of simpler and faster chemical separation procedures. In addition, since the lighter fragments are slowed down by the cover foil a smaller target chamber can be used. This leads to a reduction in system holdup time.

1987-04-15

454

Mechanical variations of diffused plasma parameters in a double plasma device

The uranium target of a gas jet transport system for fission products has been modified by the addition of an aluminum cover foil. The new modification allows fission fragments of low mass to enter a continuous chemistry system while heavier fragments are stopped in the aluminum. The elimination of the heavier homologues allows development of simpler and faster chemical separation procedures. In addition, since the lighter fragments are slowed down by the cover foil a smaller target chamber can be used. This leads to a reduction in system holdup time. (orig.).

455

Locked nucleic acid (LNA): High affinity targeting of RNA for diagnostics and therapeutics

Experimentally it is shown that a movable grounded metallic plate placed inside a multi-dipole magnetic cage can vary the diffused plasma parameters such as density, plasma potential and electron temperature. Plasma is solely produced in the source section of a double plasma device by a dc hot filament discharge and a low-density plasma is produced in the target section by local ionization of neutral gas by the high energetic electrons coming from the source section. A grounded movable stainless steel plate is inserted in the target section of the device. The floating potential of the plate also changes depending on the position of the plate inside the magnetic cage.

2007-06-21

456

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Locked nucleic acid (LNA) is a nucleic acid analogue containing one or more LNA nucleotide monomers with a bicyclic furanose unit locked in an RNA mimicking sugar conformation. This conformational restriction results in unprecedented hybridization affinity towards complementary single stranded RNA and thus, makes LNA uniquely suited for mimicking RNA structures and sequence specific targeting of RNA in vitro or in vivo. The focus of this paper is on LNAantisense, LNA-modified siRNA (siLNA), and detection and analysis of microRNAs by LNA-modified oligonucleotide probes.

2005-01-01

457

Inelastic electron--dipole-molecule scattering at sub-milli-electron-volt energies: HF and NH_3

Experimental research on X-ray spectrum emitted from hot laser-produced aluminium plasma

Studies of destruction of very-high-n (100targets HF and NH_3 are reported. Analysis of the data using the essentially-free-electron model suggests that, for ultralow electron energies (#approx#80 #mu#eV--1.4 meV), the cross section #sigma#(var-epsilon) for rotationally inelastic scattering of electrons by a polar target varies approximately as 1/var-epsilon, where var-epsilon is the electron energy.

458

Experimental Study of Plasma-Surface Interaction and Material Damage Relevant to ITER Type I Elms

The hot uniform aluminium plasma was produced by irradiating thin aluminium dotted foil smoothly with the 9th 0.53 ?m laser on Shenguang II laser facility. The emitted spectrum was measured from the front and tangential direction of the target with two crystal spectrometers, and the quantitative spectrum from the front of the target was obtained. The state of laser- produced plasma was simulated with the radiation hydrodynamics code MULTI-1D, and the emitted spectrum was calculated with the spectrum code of Collision-Radiation model under the simulated plasma state. The experimental spectrum accords with the simulated one. (authors)

2007-12-01

459

Electron beam therapy in carcinoma of the buccal mucosa

The paper presents experimental investigations of main features of plasma surface interaction and energy transfer to the material surface in dependence on plasma heat loads. The experiments were performed with QSPA repetitive plasma pulses of the duration of 0.25 ms and the energy density up to 2.5 MJ/m2. Surface morphology of the targets exposed to QSPA plasma screams is analyzed. Relative contribution of the Lorentz force and plasma pressure gradient to the resulting surface profile is discussed. development of cracking on the tungsten surface and swelling of the surface are found to be in strong dependence on initial temperature of the target.

2006-01-01

460

Electron beam therapy in carcinoma of the buccal mucosa

Electron beam therapy has often been used for radiation therapy of carcinomas of the buccal mucosa, though side effects, including stomatitis and dermatitis, are known to exist. We experimented using the additional back scatter and transit with the phantom under a lead plate within the irradiation field, in order to better focus the dose on the target volume moreover, we fabricated a mouthpiece fitted with a lead plate shaped to the target volume, and with respect to the influence of the mouthpiece on stomatitis and dermatitis, obtained good clinical results. (author).

1990-10-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

461

Direct dark matter identification with a hybrid detection technique

Electron beam therapy has often been used for radiation therapy of carcinomas of the buccal mucosa, though side effects, including stomatitis and dermatitis, are known to exist. We experimented using the additional back scatter and transit with the phantom under a lead plate within the irradiation field, in order to better focus the dose on the target volume moreover, we fabricated a mouthpiece fitted with a lead plate shaped to the target volume, and with respect to the influence of the mouthpiece on stomatitis and dermatitis, obtained good clinical results. (author).

462

Development of three-dimensional aiming point guidance law

In the quest to understand the ultimate nature of WIMPs, we propose the use of a hybrid detection technique: cylinders filled with liquefied noble gasses, acting as targets, are immersed inside a tank of Gd-doped ultra-pure water that provides an active and efficient veto against neutrons. The evaluation of the background rejection capabilities and physics potential of this instrument have been carried out through a full GEANT4 simulation, assuming the detector will be located at the Canfranc underground laboratory (in the Spanish Pyrenees). Our results compare very favourably with existing or planned experiments in the field. This technique is scalable and will allow to reach target masses of few tonnes in the next future.

2008-01-01

463

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A new aiming point guidance (APG) law in 3-dimensional space is derived analytically. The guidance law is capable of guiding the missile (interceptor) to a straight collision course with respect to the target. The missile turning rate command proportional to the error angle between the current missile heading and the predicted aim point is calculated based on the predicted target position. Performance of the APG law is numerically evaluated and compared with the proportional navigation guidance (PNG) law. The result of numerical simulation shows that the APG law is superior to the PNG law in terms of miss distance, time of interception and final stage missile turning rate demand.

2010-01-01

464

Conformal radiation therapy: technical requirements and clinical applications

Investigating of composition, structure and properties of Si modification under variable dose ions implantation influence

Conformal radiation therapy represents a considerable and attractive challenge in oncology. Its aim is mainly to improve local control by increasing the dose with an acceptable rate of complications. This work overviews the world literature on this subject. The technical and theoretical requirements are highlighted. These requirements include a precise definition of the target volume by digital imaging (essentially CT scan), but also clear view of the target volume and the organs at risk, a specific collimation of the beam, 3-D dose calculations, optimization procedures, and a rigid immobilization of the patient with verification of his position. Moreover, the clinical applications of conformal radiation therapy are reviewed and discussed. (authors). 80 refs., 1 tab.

1995-01-01

465

Spectroscopic investigation of the charge dynamics of heavy ions penetrating solid and gaseous targets

Interest to thin film of metals' silicides first of all is conditioned intrinsic al them unique physical properties. On their basis of it is possible to produce extremely sophisticated devices of solid-state electronics, production which needs the controlled change of physics, chemical and electrical properties with high-level of accuracy. On the present time most are in detail investigated composition, structure and properties of three-dimensional samples of metals' silicides. In the last years the intensive are led to researches in the direction of creation and study of physical-chemical properties thin (500-1000 Angstroms) and ultrafine (100-120 Angstroms) films silicides. It has information about composition, morphology of surface and emission of properties of thin film of silicides of barium, of cobalt and of palladium, was obtained in conditions of ultra-high vacuum. Low energy ion implantation and further annealing on composition, electronic and crystalline ...

466

On the Utility of Antiprotons as Drivers for Inertial Confinement Fusion

This thesis presents the study of the slowing down process of fast heavy ions inside matter. In the framework of this research, the influence of the target density on the stopping process is investigated. Experiments on the interaction of {sup 48}Ca{sup 6+}-{sup 48}Ca{sup 10+} and {sup 26}Mg{sup 5+} ion beams with initial energies of 11.4 MeV/u and 5.9 MeV/u with solid and gaseous targets have been carried out. A novel diagnostic method, X-ray spectroscopy of K-shell projectile radiation, is used to determine the ion charge state in relation to its velocity during the penetration of fast heavy ions inside the stopping material. A spatially resolved analysis of the projectile and target radiation in solids is achieved for the first time. The application of low-density silica aerogels as stopping media provided a stretching of the ion stopping length by 20 - 100 times in comparison with solid quartz. The Doppler Effect ...

2007-01-15

467

Mapping a nucleolar targeting sequence of an RNA binding nucleolar protein, Nop25

By contrast to the large mass, complexity and recirculating power of conventional drivers for inertial confinement fusion (ICF), antiproton annihilation offers a specific energy of 90MJ/{micro}g and thus a unique form of energy packaging and delivery. In principle, antiproton drivers could provide a profound reduction in system mass for advanced space propulsion by ICF. We examine the physics underlying the use of antiprotons ({bar p}) to drive various classes of high-yield ICF targets by the methods of volumetric ignition, hotspot ignition and fast ignition. The useable fraction of annihilation deposition energy is determined for both {bar p}-driven ablative compression and {bar p}-driven fast ignition, in association with 0-D and 1-D target burn models. Thereby, we deduce scaling laws for the number of injected antiprotons required per capsule, together with timing and focal spot requirements. The kinetic energy of the injected antiproton ...

2003-10-20

468

Effects of ion-induced electron emission on magnetron plasma instabilities

Nop25 is a putative RNA binding nucleolar protein associated with rRNA transcription. The present study was undertaken to determine the mechanism of Nop25 localization in the nucleolus. Deletion experiments of Nop25 amino acid sequence showed Nop25 to contain a nuclear targeting sequence in the N-terminal and a nucleolar targeting sequence in the C-terminal. By expressing derivative peptides from the C-terminal as GFP-fusion proteins in the cells, a lysine and arginine residue-enriched peptide (KRKHPRRAQDSTKKPPSATRTSKTQRRRR) allowed a GFP-fusion protein to be transported and fully retained in the nucleolus. When the peptide was fused with cMyc epitope and expressed in the cells, a cMyc epitope was then detected in the nucleolus. Nop25 did not localize in the nucleolus by deletion of the peptide from Nop25. Furthermore, deletion of a subdomain (KRKHPRRAQ) in the peptide or amino acid substitution of lysine and arginine residues in the subdomain ...

2006-06-10

469

ELM resolved energy distribution studies in the JET MKII Gas-Box divertor using infra-red thermography

Some magnetron sputtering systems experience rapid oscillations in the current and voltage of the plasma discharge after several hours when equipped with certain targets. These oscillations often lead to the plasma becoming extinguished, a condition known as ''flame-out.'' This article details the study of two 90% W--10% Ti magnetron targets which differed in density. The higher density targets sometimes experienced flame-out after approximately 3 h of sputtering. The less dense material could be sputtered for the entire 15 h life of the target. Scanning electron microscopy pictures and atomic composition depth profiles were obtained using Auger electron spectroscopy. In addition, a Colutron-based ion source with a high vacuum system was used to measure ion-induced secondary electron emission coefficients as a function of energy, ion specie, and gas coverage. Analysis of the sample from the group that ...

470

Design of a closed 4 MW spallation target module with heat removal system for an ADS system

Using infra-red (IR) thermography, power loads onto the MKII Gas-Box divertor targets have been investigated in Type-I ELMy H-Mode plasmas at JET in medium current discharges (Ip = 2.6 MA and BT = 2.7 T). Heat fluxes are calculated from the measured divertor target tile surface temperatures taking into account the influence of co-deposited surface layers on tile surfaces. This is particularly important when estimating the energy deposition during transient events such as ELMs. Detailed energy balance analysis is used, both from IR and tile embedded thermocouples, to demonstrate an approximately constant ELM-averaged in/out divertor target asymmetry of ?0.55 and to show that the ELM in/out energy deposition ratio ranges from 1 : 1 to 2 : 1. The inter-ELM in/out ratio is close to the ELM-averaged value at low pedestal collisionalities and decreases down to values close to zero when the inner target plasma ...

2007-05-01

471

WLUP3.0, 69 and 172 Group Cross Section Libraries for WIMS

At the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe the HGF Strategy Fund project entitled 'Innovative Technology to Reduce Radiotoxicity' is performed which delivers an essential scientific contribution to the application oriented fundamental research for Accelerator Driven Systems (ADS). The addressed topics are in the areas of heavy liquid metal technology, thermalhydraulics and materials / corrosion. An ADS consists of three main components: an proton accelerator, a spallation target and a subcritical blanket. The strategic objective of an ADS is the transmutation of long-lived radioactive waste (plutonium, minor actinides and long-lived fission products) into short-lived isotopes or stable elements, thus closing the fuel cycle. The objective of one task of the HGF Strategy Fund Project is the numerical calculation of a closed spallation target module. In a consequent next step such a spallation target can be experimentally investigated ...

472

X-ray ablation measurements and modeling for ICF applications

Description or function: WLUP contains validated WIMS-D formatted cross section libraries in 69 and 172 energy group structures for nuclear reactor calculations. Materials from recently released evaluated nuclear data libraries are included. The NJOY nuclear data processing system was applied for generating the cross section files following the models and conventions built into the WIMS-D lattice code. The relevant features for the WIMS users are: - Energy group structures: 69 and 172 energy groups. - List of materials: WIMS ID, general information, source of data. - Cross sections: 69 and 172 group plots. - Resonance data: WIMS ID, temperature, background cross sections. - Goldstein-Cohen factors: Goldstein-Cohen lambda values. - Thermal scattering data: thermal scattering laws and P1 matrixes. - Fission spectrum: fission spectrum data. - Burnup data: burnup chains. - Fission product yields: fission yield tables. - Pseudo lumped fission product: Description of pseudo fission product. ...

473

Target fabrication of low-density and nano porous materials to generate extreme ultraviolet (EUV)

X-ray ablation of material from the first wall and other components of an ICF (Inertial Confinement Fusion) chamber is a major threat to the laser final optics. Material condensing on these optics after a shot may cause damage with subsequent laser shots. To ensure the successful operation of the ICF facility, removal rates must be predicted accurately. The goal for this dissertation is to develop an experimentally validated x-ray response model, with particular application to the National Ignition Facility (NIF). Accurate knowledge of the x-ray and debris emissions from ICF targets is a critical first step in the process of predicting the performance of the target chamber system. A number of 1-D numerical simulations of NIF targets have been run to characterize target output in terms of energy, angular distribution, spectrum, and pulse shape. Scaling of output characteristics with variations of both ...

1996-09-01

474

Target fabrication of low-density and nano porous materials to generate extreme ultraviolet (EUV)

Our institute has been investigating laser-produced tin, lithium and xenon plasma for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light source of EUV lithography system, and found the highest conversion efficiency of 3% at 13.5 nm in 2% bandwidth. In the present paper, we introduce fabrication methods of density-controlled tin targets to generate relatively monochromatic EUV, and higher conversion efficiency than bulk tin. The first method is the nano-template method, where liquid tin solution was immersed into a polymer film with monodispersed size nano-particle. The density can be controlled by tin concentration of the solution. The target can be classified into mass-limited target. We have shown a tendency of monochromatic EUV emission around 13.5 nm with decreasing of tin density. The intensity was higher than tin foil with bulk density. The tendency has a merit to mitigate heat effect of the first EUV mirror. The fabrication method has ...

2006-06-15

475

Reactive magnetron sputtering of hard Si-B-C-N films with a high-temperature oxidation resistance

Our institute has been investigating laser-produced tin, lithium and xenon plasma for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light source of EUV lithography system, and found the highest conversion efficiency of 3% at 13.5 nm in 2% bandwidth. In the present paper, we introduce fabrication methods of density-controlled tin targets to generate relatively monochromatic EUV, and higher conversion efficiency than bulk tin. The first method is the nano-template method, where liquid tin solution was immersed into a polymer film with monodispersed size nano-particle. The density can be controlled by tin concentration of the solution. The target can be classified into mass-limited target. We have shown a tendency of monochromatic EUV emission around 13.5 nm with decreasing of tin density. The intensity was higher than tin foil with bulk density. The tendency has a merit to mitigate heat effect of the first EUV mirror. The fabrication method has ...

2006-06-01

476

Pipe whip experiments involving impacts between pipes

Based on the results obtained for C-N and Si-C-N films, a systematic investigation of reactive magnetron sputtering of hard quaternary Si-B-C-N materials has been carried out. The Si-B-C-N films were deposited on p-type Si(100) substrates by dc magnetron co-sputtering using a single C-Si-B target (at a fixed 20% boron fraction in the target erosion area) in nitrogen-argon gas mixtures. Elemental compositions of the films, their surface bonding structure and mechanical properties, together with their oxidation resistance in air, were controlled by the Si fraction (5-75%) in the magnetron target erosion area, the Ar fraction (0-75%) in the gas mixture, the rf induced negative substrate bias voltage (from a floating potential to -500 V) and the substrate temperature (180-350 deg. C). The total pressure and the discharge current on the magnetron target were held constant at 0.5 Pa and 1 A, respectively. The ...

2005-11-01

477

Empirical Evaluation of a New Method for Calculating Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) for Microarray Data Analysis

Dynamic pipe impact tests were performed in order to determine the impact conditions for which a 2 inch Schedule 80 carbon steel target pipe would not be broken if it were impacted during a pipe whip event created by a postulated break of an adjacent larger parallel pipe. Such pipe/pipe impact scenarios are of special interest for the feeder pipes of a CANDU reactor because the large number of closely spaced parallel feeder pipes that carry coolant between large primary system pipes and individual fuel channels in the reactor core makes it impractical to consider providing feeder pipe whip restraints. The testing which was performed involved simulating the behaviour of 3 inch and larger whipping pipes in order to study their impact with 2 inch target pipes pressurized at about 9 MPa with water at a temperature of about 290"0C. In a conservative simulation of the worst pipe/pipe impact event which it has been predicted could occur for adjacent ...

478

Co-product extraction studies on N-reactor PT-57 target materials

Signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) thresholds for microarray data analysis were experimentally determined with an oligonucleotide array that contained perfect match (PM) and mismatch (MM) probes based upon four genes from Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. A new SNR calculation, called signal to both standard deviations ratio (SSDR) was developed, and evaluated along with other two methods, signal to standard deviation ratio (SSR), and signal to background ratio (SBR). At a low stringency, the thresholds of SSR, SBR, and SSDR were 2.5, 1.60 and 0.80 with oligonucleotide and PCR amplicon as target templates, and 2.0, 1.60 and 0.70 with genomic DNA as target templates. Slightly higher thresholds were obtained at the high stringency condition. The thresholds of SSR and SSDR decreased with an increase in the complexity of targets (e.g., target types), and the presence of background DNA, and a decrease in the composition ...

2008-03-06

479

Activation analysis of trace elements in titanium-molybdate target used for pre-formed TiMo gel based "9"9"mTc generator production and radionuclidic impurity of "9"9"mTc pertechnetate eluate

Single pellets (of approximately 70 g each) of irradiated lithium aluminate target from N-Reactor test PT-57 were used in a series of experiments to determine the extent to which the product tritium can be recovered by (a) vacuum outgassing of the target (thermal extraction-TX) and (b) in-vacuo chemical dissolution of the target in molten sodium tetraborate (flux extraction-FX). Five TX runs and seven FX runs were made. Thirty-five percent of the tritium was recovered in a form non-condensable at -196"0C. The remainder was recovered in a condensable form (as T_2O, HTO, etc.). Post-extraction analysis of the melt from the seven flux extractions showed that a maximum of 2 percent of the original amount of tritium remained and that target dissolution was essentially complete in 12 hours. Flux extraction of two pellets which had been subjected to thermal extraction showed less than 0.4 percent of the ...

480

Uranium-lead zircon ages from the Median Tectonic Zone, New Zealand

A gel-type "9"9Mo-"9"9"mTc generator using Titanium-Molybdate target (TiMo-target) as column packing was developed in Radioisotope Department, the Dalat Nuclear Research Institute [1]. The concentration of trace elements in TiMo-target and radionuclidic purity in "9"9"mTc solution eluted from this type of generator were studied for quality control purpose. The monostandard method in neutron activation analysis has been applied to determine the concentration of trace impurities in titanium-molybdate target. For neutron activation analysis, TiMo samples were irradiated in the different channels of nuclear reactor IVV-9 at a neutron flux of maximum 2.1 x 10"1"3 n.cm"-"2s"-"1. The following chemical element impurities were determined: Na, W, Co, Fe, Zn, Ag, Sb and Cr. The gamma ray emitted nuclides found in "9"9"mTc solution eluted from our "9"9"mTc generator were the following: "6"5Zn, "6"0Co, "1"1"0"mAg, ...

2004-06-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

481

Indoor radon concentration measurements in Tarqumia Girl Schools at Western Hebron Region, Palestine

The Median Tectonic Zone (MTZ) of New Zealand is a generally north trending belt of Mesozoic subduction related I-type plutonic, volcanic, and sedimentary rocks in South Island and Stewart Island that separates Permian strata of the Eastern Province Brook Street Terrane from lower to mid Gondwana margin assemblages of the Western Province. High precision isotope dilution U/Pb ages of zircons from 30 rocks are reported. Pre-digestion leaching of zircon in hydrofluoric acid yielded significantly more concordant residues by removing common Pb and dissolving more soluble high-U domains that have been more affected by relatively recent Pb loss. The results show that MTZ magmatism ranges in age from at least Early Triassic to Early Cretaceous (247-131 Ma), with a pronounced gap in the Middle Jurassic. Triassic plutons tend to occur on the eastern side of the MTZ, and they intrude volcanic/sedimentary sequences of the MTZ in Nelson and eastern Fiordland. These sequences are in turn intruded ...

482

2007 SB14 Source Reduction Plan/Report

In this study, radon-222 in indoor air was surveyed in 62 rooms located in four governmental schools, for girls, in Tarqumia town that lies in the north western part of Hebron city in Palestine. The annual effective dose equivalents resulting from the inhalation of radon and its daughters by 2318 pupils and 102 staff members occupying the surveyed rooms were also measured. TASTRAK, a solid state nuclear track detector, has been used to measure the indoor radon concentrations at those schools thus, 124 radon detectors were distributed in the four school buildings. The radon detectors stayed for 70 days between February 2006 and April 2006. The results showed that the radon concentration and the annual effective dose equivalent in these schools were varied from 12 to 232.5 Bq/m"3 with an average of 34.1 Bq/m"3 and 0.62 to 12.0 mSv/y with an average of 1.76 mSv/y, respectively. The mean values of radon concentrations in Tarqumia secondary girls school, Al-aqsa elementary girls school, ...

483

ZZ MCB-JEF2.2, MCB Continuous-Energy Neutron Cross Section Libraries for Temperatures from 300 to 1800 K

Aqueous solutions (mixed waste) generated from various LLNL operations, such as debris washing, sample preparation and analysis, and equipment maintenance and cleanout, were combined for storage in the B695 tank farm. Prior to combination the individual waste streams had different codes depending on the particular generating process and waste characteristics. The largest streams were CWC 132, 791, 134, 792. Several smaller waste streams were also included. This combined waste stream was treated at LLNL's waste treatment facility using a vacuum filtration and cool vapor evaporation process in preparation for discharge to sanitary sewer. Prior to discharge, the treated waste stream was sampled and the results were reviewed by LLNL's water monitoring specialists. The treated solution was discharged following confirmation that it met the discharge criteria. A major source, accounting for 50% for this waste stream, is metal machining, cutting and ...

2007-07-24

484

Separation of "1"8"7","1"8"8Pt and "1"8"7","1"8"8Ir produced in "1"1B"4"+ irradiated tantalum target

1 - Description of program or function: MCB-JEF2.2 is a continuous-energy cross section libraries in ACE Format suitable for the MCB-1C and MCNP codes. Libraries for various materials were generated at six different Temperatures, and cover the energy range up to 20 MeV. Format: ACE. Number of groups: Continuous energy. Nuclides: H-1, H-2, H-3, He-3, He-4, Li-6, Li-7, Be-9, B-10, B-11, C-nat., N-14, N-15, O-16, O-17, Na-23, F-19, Mg-nat., Al-27, Si-nat., P-31, S-32, S-33, S-34, S-36, Cl-nat, K-nat, Ca-nat., Ti-nat, V-nat, Cr-50, Cr-52, Cr-53, Cr-54, Mn-55, Fe-54, Fe-56, Fe-57, Fe-58, Co-59, Ni-58, Ni-59, Ni-60, Ni-61, Ni-62, Ni-64, Cu-nat, Ga-nat, Ge-72, Ge-73, Ge-74, Ge-76, As-75, Se-74, Se-76, Se-77, Se-78, Se-80, Se-82, Br-79, Br-81, Kr-78, Kr-80, Kr-82, Kr-83, Kr-84, Kr-85, Kr-86, Rb-85, Rb-86, Rb-87, Sr-84, Sr-86, Sr-87, Sr-88, Sr-89, Sr-90, Y-89, Y-90, Y-91, Zr-nat, Zr-90, Zr-91, Zr-92, Zr-93, Zr-94, Zr-95, Zr-96, Nb-93, Nb-94, Nb-95, Mo-nat, Mo-92, Mo-94, Mo-95, Mo-96, Mo-97, ...

485

Safety and Environmental Aspects of Inertial Fusion Energy: An Overview of Recent Activities and Developments in the United States

Heavy ion irradiation on tantalum metal target with 57 MeV "1"1B"4"+ leads to the production of no-carrier-added radioisotopes of platinum, "1"8"7","1"8"8Pt and iridium, "1"8"7","1"8"8Ir in the matrix, which have been effectively separated from the bulk target and from each other with suitable anion exchangers employing liquid-liquid extraction (LLX). Also "1"8"8","1"8"9Pt and "1"8"8","1"8"9Ir radionuclides have been produced, from their short-lived precursors "1"8"8","1"8"9Au, in "1"2C"6"+ irradiated tantalum matrix. Gamma-spectroscopy has been utilised to determine the production, extent of separation and purity of the radiotracers at different stages of the experiment. (orig.)

486

Metallography of pitted aluminum-clad, depleted uranium fuel

During the past 2 yr, significant progress has been made in several areas related to the safety and environmental (S and E) aspects of inertial fusion energy (IFE). An updated methodology has been developed, and accident analyses have been performed for two IFE conceptual power plants and a target fabrication facility. Parallel to the consequence analyses of different accident scenarios, ongoing studies of accident initiating events are being used to support safety assessment and create a basic framework of types of events to consider in future risk characterization of new plant designs. Target designers/fabrication specialists have been provided with ranking information related to the S and E characteristics of candidate target materials. We have revisited waste management options for IFE, introducing the concept of clearance versus the traditional shallow land burial. A brief summary of results in each of these activities ...

2003-05-01

487

Measurement of electron energy fluence spectra from electron beam therapy machines

The storage of aluminum-clad fuel and target materials in the L-Disassembly Basin at the Savannah River Site for more than 5 years has resulted in extensive pitting corrosion of these materials. In many cases the pitting corrosion of the aluminum clad has penetrated in the uranium metal core, resulting in the release of plutonium, uranium, cesium-137, and other fission product activity to the basin water. In an effort to characterize the extent of corrosion of the Mark 31A target slugs, two unirradiated slug assemblies were removed from basin storage and sent to the Savannah River Technology Center for evaluation. This paper presents the results of the metallography and photographic documentation of this evaluation. The metallography confirmed that pitting depths varied, with the deepest pit found to be about 0.12 inches (3.05 nun). Less than 2% of the aluminum cladding was found to be breached resulting in less than 5% of the uranium surface ...

1994-12-01

488

Inclusive K{sup +}-meson production in proton-nucleus interactions

A technique capable of measuring the electron energy fluence spectra in a scattering medium was designed. These measurements were performed by setting a bremsstrahlung conversion target on the surface of a phantom, at an intermediate depth, and at a depth equal to electron mean range. The bremsstrahlung produced by the deceleration of electrons in the target was passed through an air channel in the phantom and passed forward by a pinhole collimator into a Na(Tl) detector. The measured pulse height data were unfolded to correct for the distortion of the spectrometer system by using the FORIST unfolding code. The unfolded bremsstrahlung spectra represent the electron energy fluence spectra convolution with the bremsstrahlung produced in the target. To generate the electron energy fluence spectra, the unfolded bremsstrahlung spectra were deconvoluted by using the MAZE2 unfolding code. CYLTRAN, a coupled electron-photon Monte ...

1984-01-01

489

Emission factors of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) from plastics processing and recycling facilities

The production of K{sup +}-mesons in pA(A=D,C,Cu,Ag,Au) collisions has been investigated at the COoler SYnchrotron COSY-Juelich for beam energies T{sub p}=1.0-2.3 GeV. Double differential inclusive pC cross-sections at forward angles {theta}{sub K+}<12 as well as the target mass dependence of the K{sup +} momentum spectra have been measured with the ANKE spectrometer. Far below the free NNthreshold at T{sub NN}=1.58 GeV the spectra reveal a high degree of collectivity in the target nucleus. From the target mass dependence of the cross-sections at higher energies, the repulsive in-medium potential of the K{sup +}-mesons can be deduced. Using pNcross-section parameterisations from the literature and our measured pD data we derive a cross-section ratio {sigma}(pn{yields}K{sup +}X)/{sigma}(pp{yields}K{sup +}X) {proportional_to}(3-4). (orig.)

2004-11-01

490

Comparative evaluation of similarity measures for the rigid registration of multi-modal head images

With regard to polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE), there is few scientific knowledge on the emission patterns into the environment and exposure pathways to humans, and basic information is insufficient to consider what measures effective are. For the purpose of promoting risk reduction of target substances more effectively and efficiently, it is desirable to comprehend accurately the causal chain from the target substances utilization to the risk intake, and to evaluate the measures covering the whole applications of target substances. As the existing researches on the PBDE emission inventory, there are EU risk assessment report (European Chemical Bureau 2000, 2002, 2003), Danish EPA (1999), Palm et al.(2002) and Alcock et al. (2003). In addition, emissions of DecaBDE are published in TRI (Toxic Release Inventory) of US EPA. However, the primary information of the previous inventories is often the same and estimations ...

2004-09-15

491

A heterogeneous dose distribution in simultaneous integrated boost: the role of the clonogenic cell density on the tumor control probability

Image registrations that are based on similarity measures simply adjust the parameters of an appropriate spatial transformation model until the similarity measure reaches an optimum. The numerous similarity measures that have been proposed in the past are differently sensitive to imaging modality, image content and differences in the image content, selection of the floating and target image, partial image overlap, etc. In this paper, we evaluate and compare 12 similarity measures for the rigid registration. To study the impact of different imaging modalities on the behavior of similarity measures, we have used 16 CT/MR and 6 PET/MR image pairs with known 'gold standard' registrations. The results for the PET/MR registration and for the registration of CT to both rectified and unrectified MR images indicate that mutual information, normalized mutual information and the entropy correlation coefficient are the most accurate similarity measures and ...

2007-09-21

492