International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Last year, 1991, was a difficult one for Finland's oil and chemicals company, Neste Corporation. The sharp fall in the international price of chemicals products had a significant impact on the corporation's overall result. Neste was, however, able to improve its competitive position, move ahead with numerous investments, and develop new businesses. This was particularly evident in two areas that have received significant emphasis within Neste in recent years: oil exploration and the Baltic region where a network of modern service stations in Neste livery and stretching from Vyborg on the Finnish-Russian border, through St. Petersburg, Tallinn, and the Baltic countries to Warsaw, is currently taking shape. The majority of the western-style stations in this network will be located along the route of the M12 highway, which has been dubbed the Via Baltica.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Concentrations of tritium in environmental waters (precipitation, rivers, lakes, tap water) have been determined using electrolytic enrichment and liquid scintillation counting. In waters of big rivers (the Vistula and the Odra rivers), lakes and tap water the annual average concentrations were similar to each other being from 1.4 to 1.9 Bq x dm"-"3. These concentrations were similar to those in the precipitation in which they ranged from 1.7 to 2.2 Bq x dm"-"3. The lowest tritium concentrations were found in waters of the Seashore Region rivers (average for 1994-1999 was 1.1 Bq x dm"-"3). The tritium concentrations in surface waters and in precipitation are still higher than that of natural level. The data obtained show that tritium concentration in the water of rivers might depend on the size of drainage area. The observed seasonal ...

Science.gov (United States)

... at a loss Tax Management Incoherent tax code drove up costs as investors were taxed arbitrarily Political Instability Governor ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

More than 660 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images acquired over the southern Baltic Sea, the North Sea, and the Gulf of Lyon in the Mediterranean Sea by the Second European Remote Sensing Satellite (ERS-2) have been analyzed since December 1996 with respect to radar signatures of marine pollution and other phenomena causing similar signatures. First results of our analysis reveal that the seas are most polluted along the main shipping routes. SAR images acquired during descending (morning) and ascending (evening) satellite passes show different percentages of oil pollution, because most of this pollution occurs during night time and is still visible on the SAR images acquired in the morning time. Moreover, we found a higher amount of oil spills on SAR images acquired during summer (April-September) than on SAR images acquired during winter (October-March). We attribute this finding to the higher mean wind speed encountered in all three test areas during winter. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We carried out a feeding study in rats aimed at extending our aboservations of contaminant-induced immunosuppression in harbour seals. Two herring batches were freeze-dried, supplemented and fed to female adult PVG rats for a period of 4 1/2 months. Daily contaminant intakes of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) toxic equivalents (TEQ) were estimated to be 0.3 ng/kg body weight and 1.6 ng/kg in the Atlantic and Baltic groups, respectively. At the end of the feeding experiment, no contaminant-related changes in spleen CD{sub 4}{sup +}/CD{sub 8}{sup +} cellularity, natural killer cell activity, or mitogen-induced proliferative responses of thymus or spleen cells could be detected. However, total thymocyte numbers and thymus CD{sub 4}{sup +}/CD{sub 8}{sup +} ratios were reduced in the Baltic group. A novel model was established to assess the specific T-cell response to rat cytomegalovirus (RCMV). When applied to the feeding study, no ...

Norwegian Open Research Archives (NORA)

Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Simple frameworks have been developed for estimating the utilization potential of: (a) solar photovoltaic (SPV) pumps; (b) windmill pumps; (c) producer gas based dual fuel engine pumps; and (d) biogas based dual fuel engine pumps for irrigation water pumping in India. The approach takes into account factors such as: solar radiation intensity, wind speed, availability of bovine dung and agri-residues, and their alternative uses, ground water requirements for irrigation and its availability, affordability, and propensity of the users to invest in renewable energy devices, etc. SPV pumps are estimated to have the maximum utilization potential in India, followed by windmill pumps. (author)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We have done analysis of elements in the Baltic sea sediment by using gamma spectrometry in neutron activation analysis Goal of the analysis is to determine the rate of morsel elements which is contained in the Baltic sea sediment. Sample of the Baltic sea Sediment (IAEA-SED-1), Standard of Reference Material (SRM) 1646 Estuarine Sediment and Standard Ce, Fe, Sc, and Co are put into vial of capsule rabbit, then irradiated together for 30 minutes in rabbit facility Multi Purpose Reactor at power of 25 MW and then cooled for one week. Next sample, standard, and SRM which have irradiated, each is cut for 30 minutes using gamma spectrometer. Result of analysis of rate of elements Ce, Fe, Sc and Co in the baltic sea sediment successively equal to 141.20 ppm, 5.91 %, 14.88 ppm, and 19.59 ppm. Result of analysis in SRM Estuarine sediment successively equal to 96.60 ppm, 3.21 %, 10.25 ppm, and 9.63 ppm. Result ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

By August 2007, there were 438 nuclear power plants (NPPs) in operation worldwide, with a total capacity of 371.7 GW(e). Further, 31 units, totaling 24.1 GW(e), were under construction. During 2006 nuclear power produced 2659.7 billion kWh of electricity, which was 15.2% of the world's total. The vast majority of these plants use water-cooled reactors. Based on information provided by its Member States, the IAEA projects that nuclear power will grow significantly, producing between 2760 and 2810 billion kWh annually by 2010, between 3120 and 3840 billion kWh annually by 2020, and between 3325 and 5040 billion kWh annually by 2030. There are several reasons for these rising expectations for nuclear power: - Nuclear power's lengthening experience and good performance: The industry now has more than 12 000 reactor years of experience, and the global average nuclear plant availability during 2006 reached 83%; - Growing energy needs: All forecasts project increases in ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report presents the findings of a U.S. DOE Environmental Management technology transfer initiative of waste-reducing ground water sampling systems between Savannah River Site (SRS) and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) which occurred during fiscal years 2001 and 2002. The report describes the collaboration between the two sites, the deployment of the Savannah River Site Purge Water Management System at LLNL, the changes made to that system for use at LLNL, and documents the return-on-investment derived from the system's use at LLNL as well as other benefits generated through this inter-laboratory collaboration. An evaluation of the deployment of the LLNL EasyPump sampling technology at SRS will be covered in a separate report from SRS.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

To study the biogeochemical behaviour, mobility and transport of trace metals in seawater (Se, Mo, Cd, Pb, Hg, Cu, Co, Fe, Ni, Zn), in suspended particulate matter (Mo, Cd, Pb, Cu, Co, Fe, Ni, Zn, Al, Mn) and in sediments of the inner and outer coastal regions, samples were collected on 3 separate cruises during a one year period (Mai 1993 - April 1994) at 20 stations in the coastal area of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Standard hydrographic parameters, nutrients and dissolved oxygen were also measured. Priority was taken to establish the methods for the determination of molybdenum and selenium. To study the behaviour of these two elements in detail, longterm measurements were carried out weekly between January 1993 and June 1994 at the `Messsteg/Warnemuende`. Because of parallel measurements correlations to biological, chemical and hydrographic parameters have been tested. The total database is summarized in the Appendix. The results are presented in 30 figures and 13 tables and are ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ways of reducing the excessive energy consumption in the Polish sugar industry are examined. The three main areas where energy reduction measures might be taken are: reducing the process heat demand which arises from the need to evaporate excess water from the juice supplied to the crystallisers; improving the effectiveness of the thermal system by moving from the present four-effect evaporation to five-effect evaporation and using crystallisation vapours for juice heating; replacing old steam boilers with more efficient units. Most Polish sugar factories are relatively small, however, and the energy saving measures, all of which require the installation of more modern equipment, are not economically feasible in the short term. Moreover, the stringent limits on atmospheric emissions which come into effect in 1998 will require factories to use low-sulphur coal and install costly glue-gas cleaning equipment. With limited funds available this may mean a further ...

Science.gov (United States)

Nearly 3 billion additional urban dwellers are forecasted by 2050, an unprecedented wave of urban growth. While cities struggle to provide water to these new residents, they will also face equally unprecedented hydrologic changes due to global climate change. Here we use a detailed hydrologic model, demographic projections, and climate change scenarios to estimate per-capita water availability for major cities in the developing world, where urban growth is the fastest. We estimate the amount of water physically available near cities and do not account for problems with adequate water delivery or quality. Modeled results show that currently 150 million people live in cities with perennial water shortage, defined as having less than 100 L per person per day of sustainable surface and groundwater flow within their urban extent. By 2050, demographic growth will increase this figure to ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The modeling and optimizing processes of a Ground Coupled Heat Pump (GCHP) with closed Horizontal Ground Heat eXchanger (HGHX) are presented in this paper. After thermal modeling of GCHP including HGHX, the optimum design parameters of the system were estimated by minimizing a defined objective function (total of investment and operation costs) subject to a list of constraints. This procedure was performed applying Genetic Algorithm technique. For given heating/cooling loads and various climatic conditions, the optimum values of saturated temperature/pressure of condenser and evaporator as well as inlet and outlet temperatures of the water source in cooling and heating modes were predicted. Then, for our case study, the design parameters as well as the configuration of HGHX were obtained. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis of change in the total annual cost of the system and optimum design parameters with the climatic conditions, ...

CERN Document Server

Information technology and the productivity paradox

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Retention or dispersion of larvae from the spawning grounds has been identified as one of the key processes influencing recruitment success in fish stocks. To examine the potential effects of transport on recruitment. numerical simulations were performed utilizing a three-dimensional physical oceanographic model of the Baltic Sea. Cod larvae were represented as Lagrangian drifters released in the deepwater region of the Bornholm Basin, the main spawning ground for Baltic cod. Simulations were performed for the major spawning seasons of 1993 and 1994. when annual and interannual variability of meteorological forcing was large. The principal goals of the modelling exercise were first to identify the physical processes influencing the demersal distribution of the early life stages and second to describe the transport of the pelagic stages in response to variations in windstress, thereby identifying the meteorological and hydrodynamic mechanisms ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

During the five plus years this Cooperative Agreement existed, more than 45 different projects were funded. Most projects were funded for a one year period but there were some, deemed of such quality and importance, funded for multiple years. Approximately 22 external agencies, businesses, and other entities have cooperated with or been funded through the WVU Cooperative Agreement over the five plus years. These external entities received 33% of the funding by this Agreement. The scope of this Agreement encompassed all forms of hazardous waste remediation including radioactive, organic, and inorganic contaminants. All matrices were of interest; generally soil, water, and contaminated structures. Economic, health, and regulatory aspects of technologies were also within the scope of the agreement. The highest priority was given to small businesses funded by the Federal Energy Technology Center (FETC) and Department of Energy (DOE) involved in research and development ...

Science.gov (United States)

As requested by the Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics) and the Director DARPA, the Defense Science Board task force performed a one-time independent evaluation of the technology investment for the Defense Advanced Research...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Economic depreciation of similar cost recovery schemes delay cash return of investment. Such delay may require new types of securities. Due to uncertainty of regulatory action and technology over the prolonged recovery life of the projects, investors may require a higher return, thereby raising the cost of capital. Utility managements might eschew long lived investment, too, even if cost effective to the consumer. Alternatives exist that would approximate the price signals of economic depreciation without discouraging investment. The importance of upfront returns to the investment process should not be minimized. 2 figs., 3 refs. (AV)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Activities in British Columbia's Fraser Valley generate an estimated 3 million tones of agriculture and food wastes annually, of which 85 per cent are readily available for anaerobic digestion. The potential for energy generation from biogas through anaerobic digestion is approximately 30 MW. On-farm manure-based systems represent the most likely scenario for the development of anaerobic digestion in British Columbia in the near future. Off-farm food processing wastes may be an alternative option to large centralized industrial complexes. Odour control, pathogen reduction, improved water quality, reduced greenhouse gas emissions and reduced landfill usage are among the environmental benefits of anaerobic digestion. The economical benefits include power and heat generation, biogas upgrading, and further processing of the residues to produce compost or animal bedding. This paper described a newly developed anaerobic digestion (AD) calculator that helps users ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Further to a cost-benefit analysis of the various medium-term and long-term and H.L.W. storage possibilities, C.E.A. (French Atomic Energy Commission) and S.G.N. decided to develop an original dry storage process with natural convection cooling that offers many advantages: cut in the total investment and operating costs; high operating safety; natural convection cooling; existence of two containment barriers irrespective of the assumed clad conditions; flexible, modular and compact design. The process was first implemented in the so-called CASCAD Cadarache Facility (vault-type facility) constructed in Cadarache mainly to store fuel from Brennilis heavy water reactor. For the purpose, a large program was set up to develop and validate computer codes, in particular with the use of mockups. On the request of many clients, and owing to the outstanding operating results of the CASCAD Cadarache Facility, SGN was brought to adapt the process to the ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The results of studies performed for the development of a new process of the thermal cracking of tar as a suspension with ground Baltic oil shale in order to obtain motor fuel components are reported. The experimental results suggest undoubted advantages of the process over industrial thermal cracking because the deep degradation of tar (the yields of a gasoline fraction with bp to 180?C, middle distillates with bp of 180?360?C, and feedstock for catalytic cracking with bp of 360?520?C were ~12, 43?44, and ~15?16 wt % on an initial tar basis) was achieved upon the single-stage processing of the raw material under relatively mild conditions (5 MPa, 425?C, and a feed space velocity of 1.0 h?1). The resulting coke-like products and V and Ni contained in the raw material were deposited on the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Three reactive materials were evaluated at laboratory scale to identify the optimum treatment reagent for use in a Permeable Reactive Barrier Treatment System at Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site (RFETS). The contaminants of concern (COCS) are uranium, TCE, PCE, carbon tetrachloride, americium, and vinyl chloride. The three reactive media evaluated included high carbon steel iron filings, an iron-silica alloy in the form of a foam aggregate, and a peculiar humic acid based sorbent (Humasorb from Arctech) mixed with sand. Each material was tested in the laboratory at column scale using simulated site water. All three materials showed promise for the 903 Mound Site however, the iron filings were determined to be the least expensive media. In order to validate the laboratory results, the iron filings were further tested at a pilot scale (field columns) using actual site water. Pilot test results were similar to laboratory results; ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Decision making about possible investment options for energy supply technology is usually based on economic criteria reflecting primarily the unit cost of energy and the return on capital invested. This study attempts to reverse the process. The chosen starting point is a UK investment programme geared towards reliance on conservation, renewable energy systems and the more efficient use of our remaining fossil fuels (through combined heat and power and district heating systems). The number and type of jobs likely to be created is then estimated and compared with the jobs likely to be created by the currently proposed nuclear power programme. (author).

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Phelps N. A. Cluster or capture? Manufacturing foreign direct investment, external economies and agglomeration, Regional Studies.?This paper reviews the nature and significance of external economies associated with multinational enterprise (MNE) participation in the manufacturing industries of host economies. It argues that the balance of forces of internalization and externalization is currently skewed towards the former and the interests of MNEs rather than the latter and the interests of local and national communities and governments. A stylized comparison of developmental and competition state interventions in relation to MNEs and their foreign direct investment (FDI) suggests that in the absence of co-ordinated interventions by governments, there will commonly be a failure of t...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract The World Bank is the largest international funder of biodiversity conservation. It invests in protected areas to conserve species and spaces, protect ecosystems, and provide food, shelter, and other ecosystem services to local communities. It spends on average, $275 million annually supporting parks in developing countries. We examined their protected areas investment portfolio from 1988 to 2008 to understand how they allocate these funds. We found that more money is allocated to countries with progressively larger GDPs. Many, but not all, of these investments correlate with consensus opinions of high biodiversity priorities. But the World Bank's investments are not proportional; poorer countries receive relatively more funds than richer ones, regardless of biodiversity importanc...

Science.gov (United States)

Presents a summary of research on key aspects of the indirect effects of expanding education from grade six through grade nine, followed by a comprehensive analysis of social rates of return to investment in all levels of education in Indonesia and underemployment in urban and rural areas. (three figures, nine tables, 33 references) (MLF)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The research project's objective is to create a decision help for owners of residential buildings for several families regarding the renewal of decentralized heating and warm water preparation systems in the flats. The focus lies on a comparison of the costs of typical systems on the basis of a full cost calculation. This is done by taking into consideration the intentions of residential building companies like the reduction of additional costs to be paid by the tenants (both for social reasons and to make the flats easier to rent), low investment costs, low maintenance costs, energy saving, tenants' claims for comfort and acceptance by the tenants, economical reasons, especially regarding flats fully amortized (activation in the balance sheet). In addition to the quantitative comparison, the advantages and disadvantages of the different systems were also compared to one another from the qualitative point of view. [German] ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Climate change is no longer questioned. Meeting growing global energy needs - while limiting the rate of climate change over the long term - will require both developed and developing countries to move to fuels with lower emissions of greenhouse gases and to adopt more energy-efficient technologies. Investment decisions made today will be pivotal in determining the path of global energy consumption for decades to come. Energy markets, financial markets, and the markets in which greenhouse gas emissions are traded - the so-called 'carbon markets' - together determine which technologies are adopted, and how quickly. Over the next half-century, energy demand will grow almost four times as rapidly in developing countries as in developed countries. Consequently, finding ways to increase investment in cleaner energy technologies in rapidly-growing economies in the developing world will be an essential component of global efforts to ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Background- Pemphigus vulgaris is a chronic disease not currently curable. Physical involvement and the impact of chronic therapies can lead patients to changes in psychological and relational areas. Objectives- To provide a measure of psychological distress, dysfunctional investment in one's appearance, and their relationship. Methods- Self-administered questionnaires (ASI, HADS) were given to 74 pemphigus inpatients. Results- Strong associations between psychological distress and dysfunctional investment in one's appearance were observed [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 7.36, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.20-45.11; OR 5.38, 95% CI 0.81-35.87, respectively, for appearance stereotyping and body-image vulnerability], together with a perceived high disease severity (OR 6.03, 95% CI 1.9...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to interview Paula Kaufman, Dean of Libraries, to help better understand return on investment (ROI) and the increasing importance of demonstrating our value, as libraries, as librarians, indeed, as public service librarians. Design/methodology/approach - During 2007, a small project team was assembled to develop a model that would calculate a return on investment to an institution for its library. The team consisted of Chrysanne Lowe and Kira Cooper from Elsevier, Paula Kaufman from UIUC, Judy Luther of Informed Strategies, and Dr Carol Tenopir from the Center for Information and Communication Studies at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Findings - The results of this groundbreaking study were reported early this year in a white paper entitled, ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

To make the Dutch energy system more sustainable as formulated in the objectives of the recently constituted Task Force Energietransitie (Energy Transition), additional investments by the government in sustainable energy are needed. One of the ideas is to start a public-private risk bearing fund that invests in Netherlands based innovation projects in the area of sustainable energy. The ingoing assumption is that there is a shortage of capital supply for innovation projects that are in between the Research and Development phase and the market introduction phase, and that the government can attract further commercial private capital by co-investing itself. The Ministry of Economic Affairs has asked Bain and Company to perform a due diligence on the validity of the in-going assumptions for raising such a Venture Capital fund. This report contains the key conclusions of the study performed in June and the first half of July of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This article examines reported willingness to pay for electric utility investments in renewable energy and energy efficiency resources using the results of Deliberative Polls conducted by electric utilities in Texas. Age, education, and salary tend to affect reported willingness to pay for utility investments in these resources. Intensive exposure to information about energy resource issues led to an increase in the number of respondents interested in paying a modest premium to support investments in both renewable energy resources and energy efficiency. However, average reported premiums actually declined following the Polls, as very high outlier responses moved to more reasonable values following the Polls. These results support the contention that informed dialogue about energy alternatives will result in broader interest in providing a modest level of support for these resources. (author)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine potential new uses of return on investment (ROI) in alternative methods for library assessment and valuation. Design/methodology/approach - Uses examples of recent uses of ROI by libraries to identify potential new applications of ROI in library assessment and valuation. Findings - ROI investment has historically been used by libraries for the assessment of past performance of library organizations in a reactive/defensive nature or for assessing the value of customer services. ROI has not been widely used as a proactive assessment tool, to introspectively assess administrative or other internal services, or as an offensive assessment and valuation tool, especially for intangible performance assessment and valuation. Originality/value - New ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The rapid global loss of natural habitats and biodiversity, and limited resources, place a premium on maximizing the expected benefits of conservation actions. The scarcity of information on the fine-grained...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Sperm competition occurs when 2 or more males copulate with a particular female during the same reproductive cycle, and their sperm compete to fertilize the female's available eggs. One strategy that...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nuclear energy related research in Switzerland is concentrated at PSI`s Nuclear Energy and Safety Research Department (NES). The total effort invested in nuclear energy research in 1998 amounted to about 195 py/a and 4.5 millions CHF of investment and maintenance costs. Approximately half of the salary, investment and maintenance costs are externally funded, primarily by the Swiss Utilities, the national co-operative for the disposal of nuclear waste (NAGRA), the Federal Office of Energy (BFE) through the nuclear safety inspectorate (HSK) and the Federal Office for Science and Education (BBW) in connection with the EC Framework Programmes; an increasing part of external funding is coming from domestic and foreign industry (nuclear component and fuel suppliers). The activities of the department are concentrated on three main domains of: Safety and related problems of operating plants; safety features of future reactor and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

What if Norway will arrange for a large-scale investment in electric cars? In 2020 the regular Norwegian drive around in an electric car. She does it because it pays, because it is better for the environment - and because it is practically feasible. This is the starting point for a four-year research work led by SINTEF. (AG)

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundThe Government has invested £7 million (approx. $11.5 million) to connect all Primary Care Practices in Scotland to the National Health Service...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Evolutionary explanations for life history diversity are based on the idea of costs of reproduction, particularly on the concept of a trade-off between age-specific reproduction and parental survival,...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Sperm competition theory predicts that males should invest prudently in ejaculates according to levels of female promiscuity. Males may therefore be sensitive to cues in their social environment associated...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

Programs & Services Technical Resources Land Use Soils Water Snow Survey & Water Supply Water Management Water Quality Watersheds Wetlands Air Plants & Animals Energy Climate...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Preserving customers` investments in capital goods is one of the strategic market services offered by ABB, and to this end the company has developed project-specific retrofit concepts especially for older power generation plant. A prime example of such a modernization is the Umm Al Nar East (UANE) combined cycle power station in Abu Dhabi, UAE. UANE has two gas turbines of type GT13D, which together generate 140 MW of electrical energy, and heat-recovery boilers which supply steam to a seawater desalination plant with a capacity of 80 million liters of drinking water per day. After almost 20 years in operation, UANE is being modernized. To address the owner`s concerns and minimize plant downtime, ABB has introduced Service, Operation and Rehabilitation (SOR) Key Account Management for Abu Dhabi. In the first phase of the modernization project, the static starting equipment was upgraded and the mechanical turbine governor replaced by the EGATROL ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... thermal power plants thermal reactors water cooled reactors WATER

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The objective of this project was to develop new photocatalytic or other innovative process chemistry for the treatment of pink water and related contaminated water.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The UK government's economy-wide 60% carbon dioxide reduction target by 2050 requires a paradigm shift in the whole energy system. Numerous analytical studies have concluded that the power sector is a critical contributor to a low carbon energy system, and electricity generation has dominated the policy discussion on UK decarbonisation scenarios. However, range of technical, social and market challenges, combined with alternate market investment strategies mean that large scale deployment of key classes of low carbon electricity technologies is fraught with uncertainty. The UK MARKAL energy systems model has been used to investigate these long-term uncertainties in key electricity generation options. A range of power sector specific parametric sensitivities have been performed under a 'what-if' framework to provide a systematic exploration of least-cost energy system configurations under a broad, integrated set of input assumptions. In this paper results of six ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Natural gas is essential to the world economy. Gas now accounts for almost a quarter of OECD primary energy requirements and is expected to become the second most important fuel in the world in the next decade. Industrial and residential consumers increasingly rely on natural gas to keep their houses warm, their lights on and their factories running. Meanwhile the gas industry itself has entered a new phase. Where gas used to be restricted to regional markets, it is now increasingly traded on a global scale. While gas production and transport requires long-term investment, now it is optimised on a short-term basis. Demand continues to grow, but local gas production has become much more expensive. How should we react? How will demand be satisfied? What changes are required to promote flexibility and trade? What are the implications for gas security, investment and interdependence? At stake is an opportunity to diversify supply and demand - but ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The U.S. Department of Energy Environmental Management's (DOE-EM) investments in science and technology, as well as science and technology investments associated with other parts of the DOE are aimed at meeting the Departments cleanup goals. These investments, primarily focused on EM's cleanup mission, comprise the Environmental Quality Research and Development (R&D) portfolios. Synchronizing EM's Cleanup Project Managers (operations facility and process owners throughout the DOE complex) operational needs with EM R&D including the extensive work of the six Focus Areas (major thrust areas within DOE-EM) has been a continuing challenge. This recent initiative to better integrate the R&D program is in response to evolving needs within the Department to apply proven system engineering methods to clarify requirements and define EM's process to effectively orchestrate their R&D ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

For IGCC, the primary investment is too high due to the demand of high gasification efficiency. For PFBCC, the thermal efficiency is too low due to the relatively low turbine inlet temperature and the hot working medium of the gas turbine is not easy to clean. A new scheme is proposed for coal fired combined cycle to overcome the main drawbacks of IGCC and PFBCC. The research targets are developing a new cycle construction of coal fired combined cycle to raise the efficiency and reduce the primary investment. Actually, the new scheme is a synthesis of some existing proposals. It adopts partial gasification to reduce the primary investment of the gasification equipment. The un-gasified surplus solid is then fed to a pressurized fluidized bed boiler, but adopting Curtiss Wright type external combustion to lower the ash content in the working medium. The gas fuel from the partial gasifier is combusted in a top combustor to ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper discusses the economics of legumes irradiation such as Chickpea,Lupin,Kidny Bean and broad and the effect of various parameters on unit processing costs. It provides a model for calculating specific unit processing costs by correlating known capital costs with annual operation cost an annual throughputs. We analysed the cost-benefit of the proposed grain irradiation facility. We took into account the cost of the capital investment, operation and other additional parameters and then estimated the unit processing cost. The investment criteria utilized for commercial evaluation were internal rate of return (I.I.R), pay back period (P.B.P), and average rate of return (A.R.R). The irradiation cost and the additional income are also discussed. The results of this analysis showed that the installation of an irradiation unit for legumes processing in Egypt would be economically feasible.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Negotiation is the most famous tool for reaching an agreement between parties. Usually, the different parties can be modeled as a buyer and a seller, who negotiate about the price of a given item. In most cases, the parties have incomplete information about one another, but they can invest money and efforts in order to acquire information about each other. This leads to the question of how much each party will be willing to invest on information about its opponent, prior to the negotiation process. In this paper, we consider the profitability of automated negotiators acquiring information on their opponents. In our model, a buyer and a seller negotiate on the price of a given item. Time is costly, and incomplete information exists about the reservation price of both parties. The reservatio...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to verify the proposition by the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), that their return on investment (ROI) formula developed for academic libraries and based on hard facts is broad enough to be used throughout the world for ROI studies in academic institutions/libraries. It further aims to verify that UIUC's methodology is adaptable enough to work in other academic environments as well. Design/methodology/approach - The methodology developed by UIUC (an ROI formula developed for academic libraries based on grant proposal applications and citations) has been "copied" and thereby adapted to enable it to be used in an academic environment in Europe/Germany. Findings - The methodology developed by UIUC was adaptable enough to be used in a Ger...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The costs of greenhouse gas emission-reductions vary among countries depending on emission levels, technologies used, past emission-reduction achievements, path of economic development, fuel mix, and initial endowment of hydrocarbon resources. The criterion of cost-effectiveness therefore suggests that the ways should be found to encourage emission reductions in the countries where the required costs of reduction of additional unit of emissions are the lowest. These countries usually face crucial capital constraints and have other development priorities than investing in reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Developed countries could invest their resources in the former Soviet Union and the east European countries to achieve the same level of reduction of greenhouse gases with lower costs than they could in their own countries.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Recent supply chain reengineering efforts have focused on integrating firms? production, inventory and replenishment activities with the help of communication networks. While communication networks and supply chain integration facilitate optimization of traditional supply chain functions, they also exacerbate the information security risk: communication networks propagate security breaches from one firm to another, and supply chain integration causes breach on one firm to affect other firms in the supply chain. We study the impact of network security vulnerability and supply chain integration on firms? incentives to invest in information security. We find that even though an increase in either the degree of network vulnerability or the degree of supply chain integration increases the secur...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) is interested in assessing the potential economic impacts of its portfolio of subprograms on national employment and income. A special purpose version of the IMPLAN input-output model called ImBuild II is used in this study of all 21 Building Technologies Program subprograms in the EERE final FY 2005 budget request to the Office of Management and Budget on February 2, 2004. Energy savings, investments, and impacts on U.S. national employment and earned income are reported by subprogram for selected years to the year 2030. Energy savings and investments from these subprograms have the potential of creating a total of 396,000 jobs and about $5.6 billion in earned income (2003$) by the year 2030.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An economic evaluation is presented for the proposed plant for producing 11,414,000 gallons per year of fuel-grade alcohol from 150,000 tons of molasses. The project is economically attractive at a 1981 ethanol sales price of $2.00 per gallon, a 1981 molasses price of $85.00 per ton, and a plant capital investment of $27.45 MM. The evaluation description includes: investment, operating costs, revenues, and economic analysis. Included in appendices are detailed computer printouts for the following scenarios: the constant dollar, the uniform escalation, and the current dollar.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Pollution Prevention (EM-77) created is successful internally competed program to fund innovative projects based on projected returns. This is called the Return-on-Investment (ROI) program. EM-77 conducted a successful ROI pilot, developed and implemented sound management practices, and successfully transferred the program to several Operations Offices. Over the past 4 years sites have completed 262 ROI projects (costing $18.8 million) with claimed first-year savings of $88 million and claimed life cycle savings exceeding $300 million. EM-77 requested that Oak Ridge National Laboratory perform an independent evaluation of the site-led, DOE-HQ-funded pollution prevention (P2) ROI program to assist the Department in determining whether claimed savings are real.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The report presents technical and economical aspects of underground cables compared to overhead lines in Norway in high voltage transmission systems above 22 kV. The economical comparison between the two options includes capital costs of installation (investment costs), maintenance costs and costs of electrical losses. The main technical issues discussed are reliability and flexibility. 35 refs., 23 figs., 29 tabs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Line conditioners control voltage isolated in external conductors. Changes of Stern-Delta connections involve voltage drop in a nonloaded external conductor and are therefore compensated. The payback period of a line conditioner lasts normally between one to three years, according to the investment cost for the alternative medium-sized voltage to be constructed. (GL)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The ROI Proposal Preparation Guide is a tool to assist Hanford waste generators in preparing ROI proposal forms for submittal to Department of Energy, Richland Operations Office (DOE/RL) for funding. The guide describes the requirements for submitting an ROI proposal and provides examples of completed ROI forms. The intent is to assist waste generators in identifying projects that meet the criteria, provide information necessary to complete the ROI forms, and submit a proposal that is eligible to receive funding.

Wastenet

... The final strand is to invest in new infrastructure, supporting the growth of small and medium-sized businesses and developing new productive industries like pharmaceuticals, locomotive engineering and plastics. Having acted as an adviser to the government, I can see several reasons why the EU should welcome and support this model of economic development. The most important is that Kazakhstan's diversification and its determination to move production up the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This document describes measurements of the directional spectral emittance of four ceramic mold materials. The work was performed with the samples at {approximately} 900{degree}C in a vacuum vessel pumped to {approximately}3 {times} 10{sup {minus}6}Torr. Results conform to expectations derived from prior work done with similar samples.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The decision of a firm to make investments on petroleum fields depends on the expected economic performance and on the firm economics context and on country economic and regulatory constraints. Traditionally, the Net Present Value (NPV) has being used for decision criterion as a measure of profitability of investments. The other indicators are used to help investment decision, because, according to the priorities established by the firm, only one indicator may not be sufficient. On this paper we will show production strategies considering a set of economic indicators: NPV, actualized Np, Return on investment (ROI), Equivalent Present Value (EPV), Cost Benefit, and NPV/Np ratio. The use of different economic indicators permits capture different aspects from in a decision process, i.e., each indicator or a set of economic measures may result in a different perspective, that will influence the decision ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Water-resources data for the 1993 water year for Minnesota consists of records of stage, discharge and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality in wells and springs. This volume contains discharge records for 58 gaging stations; stage and contents for 9 lakes and reservoirs; water quality 15 stream stations, 1 lakes station, 1 precipitation station, and water levels for 15 observation wells. Also included are 61 high-flow partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data collection program and are pulished as miscellaneous measurements.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In the National Water Plan it is described which measures must be taken to keep the Netherlands safe and livable for future generations and to make use of the chances offered by water.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

Turbidimetric method for determining sulfite in inhibited ethylene glycol-water solutions

Science.gov (United States)

water and of the ethylene glycol-water solutions are shown as functions of temperature in figures 4 and 5, respectively. (data from reference 4). ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In the United States, economic growth increasingly requires that greater volumes of freshwater be made available for new users, yet supplies of freshwater are already allocated to existing users. Currently, water for new users is made available through re-allocation of xisting water supplies-for example, by cities purchasing agricultural water rights. Water may also be made available through conservation efforts and, in some locales, through the development of ''new'' water from non-traditional sources such as the oceans, deep aquifer rackish groundwater, and water reuse.

Science.gov (United States)

... Descriptors : *Combustible cartridge cases, *Water repellents, *Protective coatings, *Patents, Silica gel, Aluminum compounds, Binders ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The water and steam circuits of steam generators in pressurized-water nuclear power plants are described together with the mechanism of denting, and the corrosion of spacer plates that leads to cracks in tubes by constriction. The different chemical specifications applicable to the water of the secondary circuit of the generators in normal operation and on first commissioning are listed. The results obtained and the measurements of chemical values taken in operation on the water in the secondary circuits of steam generators at Fessenheim and Bugey are presented.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In 1980, Congress passed the energy security act which created the United States Synthetic Fuels Corporation. This entity was created to serve as a catalyst for the development of synthetic fuels projects by the private sector. Then what happened. Increased exploration in the United States stimulated by relaxation of price controls on oil produced an increase in reserves of these resources. Fuel conservation, combined with a reduced energy demand caused by a recession, significantly reduced our overall energy consumption and curtailed our imports of foreign crude oil. All of these factors combined have reduced the enthusiasm to invest in synthetic fuels plants, in spite of the fact that the difference between surplus and shortage is frighteningly thin. South Africa, compared to the U.S., is a small country. The Sasol Two and Sasol Three projects are equivalent to a U.S. investment of $400 billion, on a country size-by-size basis. It's ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Conventional methods of financing power generation, transmission and distribution in India cannot keep pace with the ever-growing demand. Alternative methods are discussed. Given the vast growth potential, funding can be by equity or debt capital or a hybrid of these. There is an urgent necessity to develop local capital markets as a source of funds since there are limits to how much can be derived from foreign investors, multilaterals and export credit agencies. The domestic financial institutions have raised large amounts for private investment in other sectors. With the creation of a proper climate and power companies set up with an attractive rate of return, sufficient capital could be forthcoming from both domestic and external markets for the power sector. In other sectors, Indian companies have been able to attract investment through Global Depository Receipts and Euroconvertible Bonds, for example. A key requirement for the power sector ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

As the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Solar Energy Technologies Program initiates new cost-shared solar energy R&D under the Solar America Initiative (SAI), it is useful to analyze the experience gained from cost-shared R&D projects that have been funded through the program to date. This report summarizes lessons learned from two DOE-sponsored photovoltaic (PV) projects: the Photovoltaic Manufacturing Technology/PV Manufacturing R&D (PVMaT/PVMR&D) project and the Thin-Film PV Partnership project. During the past 10-15 years, these two projects have invested roughly $330 million of government resources in cost-shared R&D and leveraged another $190 million in private-sector PV R&D investments. Following a description of key findings and brief descriptions of the PVMaT/PVMR&D and Thin-Film PV Partnership projects, this report presents lessons learned from the projects.

Science.gov (United States)

The paper reviews Asia-Pacific higher education and university research, focusing principally on the "Confucian" education nations Japan, Korea, China, Hong Kong China, Taiwan, Singapore and Vietnam. Except for Vietnam, these systems exhibit a special developmental dynamism--still playing out everywhere except Japan--and have created a distinctive model of higher education more effective in some respects than systems in North America, the English-speaking world and Europe where the modern university was incubated. The Confucian Model rests on four interdependent elements: (1) strong nation-state shaping of structures, funding and priorities; (2) a tendency to universal tertiary participation, partly financed by growing levels of household funding of tuition, sustained by a private duty, grounded in Confucian values, to invest in education; (3) "one chance" national examinations that mediate social competition and university hierarchy and focus family commitments to ...

Science.gov (United States)

GAO's review of the H-Coal and Exxon projects showed inadequacies in DOE's contracting practices and a failure by DOE to properly plan, manage, and monitor, especially the H-Coal project. The initial Government-industry H-Coal agreements regarding the level of investment by private sponsors and the ceilings imposed on sharing in cost growth were imbalanced. Larger investments by private sponsors and sharing of cost growth provides an incentive to private sponsors to control costs and helps to assure that each party is fully committed to the success of the project. DOE started the H-Coal project prematurely before sufficiently detailed designs were available and without adequate project planning for functions such as construction scheduling, materials handling, inventory systems, and quality control. DOE staffing was inadequate at both projects to effectively monitor progress and contribute to timely decisions. Its contracts ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A thermal and economic study, carried on by using the first and second law of thermodynamics concepts demonstrated the economic feasibility of the cogeneration system, and proposed modifications to be done in the studied cryogenic plant, a typical T-240 NA MPL3 plant. The thermodynamic analysis showed that the second law efficiency of the processes could be improved, together with a 12% electric energy consumption reduction. Four cogeneration schemes were analyzed with both the first and second laws of thermodynamics and, then, the economic analysis was performed. Rankine, Brayton, Otto and Combined gas-steam basic cycles were used in this analysis.The combined gas-steam cycle was shown to be more economically feasible than others. Thermal and electric loads were well balanced, resulting in a higher second law efficiency. Although the initial investment for the modification was higher, the savings resulted to be higher, turning into a higher rate of return of the ...

CERN Document Server

TOGAF is a framework - a detailed method and a set of supporting tools - for developing an enterprise architecture, developed by members of The Open Group Architecture Forum.TOGAF Version 9 provides a wide-ranging set of revisions to the TOGAF specification to improve the value of the TOGAF framework. It is an evolution from TOGAF 8.1.1, thereby preserving existing investment in TOGAF, and adds further detail and clarification to what is already proven.It may be used freely by any organization wishing to develop an enterprise architecture for use within that organization (subject to the Condit

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper presents a new algorithm for the optimal long-range generation planning for a thermal system with pumped-storage plants. The algorithm is based upon the analytical production costing model developed under the assumption of Gaussian probabilistic distribution of random load fluctuations and plant outages. The optimization problem consists of the master problem to determine the annual investment, and the pumped-storage subproblem to determine the optimal pumped-storage operation. The master problem is formulated as a Hamiltonian minimization problem, and the pumped-storage subproblem is solved using the concept of peak-shaving operation on the original load curve.

Science.gov (United States)

The Department of Defense is making significant investments to construct systems, built upon web services and their supporting technologies, that strive to achieve the goals of net-centricity. While these technologies address several of the traditional stumbling blocks to integration and interoperability, they leave issues of information management largely unaddressed. Indeed, the broad availability of these systems exacerbates, rather than reduces, stresses on our information management capabilities. This paper discusses the enterprise-level information management infrastructure objectives for providing net-centric military capabilities and more fundamental technical challenges derived from them.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Liberalisation of the power sector is on the increase on a global scale. Corporate-driven reforms are portrayed by international financial institutions and multilateral development banks as means of improving efficiency and attracting foreign investment for national economic growth. Most countries across the world are taking steps towards liberalisation, often to meet the conditions imposed by international donors or comply with regional or global trade agreements. This first issue of Power and Society attempts to look beyond the promised benefits of this trend and debunk some myths about privatisation and deregulation of the electricity sector.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The projects described in this report represent the Laboratory's investment in its future and are vital to maintaining the ability to develop creative solutions for the scientific and technical challenges faced by DOE and the nation. In accordance with DOE guidelines, the report provides, a) a director's statement, b) an overview of the laboratory's LDRD program, including PNNL's management process and a self-assessment of the program, c) a five-year project funding table, and d) project summaries for each LDRD project.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Idaho National Laboratory (INL) Ten-Year Site Plan (TYSP) describes the strategy for accomplishing the long-term objective of transforming the laboratory to meet Department of Energy (DOE) national nuclear research and development (R&D) goals, as outlined in DOE strategic plans. The plan links R&D mission goals and INL core capabilities with infrastructure requirements (single- and multi-program), establishs the 10-year end-state vision for INL complexes, and identifies and prioritizes infrastructure needs and capability gaps. The TYSP serves as the basis for documenting and justifying infrastructure investments proposed as part of the FY 2013 budget formulation process.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A #gamma##gamma# collider would extend and complement the physics capability of a linear collider; e.g. it would be suitable for direct measurement of the partial decay width of a Higgs boson into two gamma quanta. This paper discusses choice of laser parameters, luminosity optimization, electron and laser parameters for a gamma- gamma collider as a second interaction region for the Next Linear Collider, laser path, and the lasers. It is concluded that a gamma- gamma collider is technically feasible; however it will require a significant investment in preparatory R ampersand D.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The development of the Aasgard field complex off mid Norway represents one of the largest technical and economic challenges yet faced by the Norwegian offshore industry. The article deals briefly with this development. The project comprises a floating production, storage and offloading (FPSO) vessel for the oil production, and a large semisubmersible for the gas phase. More than 60 subsea completed wells for production and injection on 15 seabed templates are planned, with some 300 km of seabed pipelines also to be installed on the field which will produce for 30 years. The total investment will be NOK 31 billion. 1 fig.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The paper considers the main components of energy policy, in particular the challenges of network security of supply, long-term contracts and the environmental constraints. It is argued that the United Kingdom's energy policy should take account of multiple market failures and context dependent. Given energy liberalisation in the 1980s and 1990s, it is argued that interventions based upon market-based instruments should be given greater importance. Institutional reform to reflect the shift in focus towards investment in non-carbon technologies and the security issues associated with networks is proposed, notably the creation of an energy agency. 15 refs., 2 figs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Data on various aspects of the electric power industry in Germany is presented in this article. A map of high voltage transmission lines used by the public utilities is included, which indicates the fuel used at each power station. Data on power generated by fuel used from 1991 to 1996 is given, and additional or new capacity for 1995 to 1999 is also noted. Other tables detail capital investment in public utilities energy input by fuel source, power capacity by utility or private power stations by energy source, utility ownership and electricity demand by consumer. (UK)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Over the past decade, the energy {open_quotes}paper{close_quotes} market has grown into one of the largest traded markets in the world providing hedging instruments for the producer as well as the enduser of energy products. Because banks, stockholders, and other financial providers rely on a borrower`s ability to generate cash flow to repay their investment, borrowers are increasingly turning to the derivatives markets to provide security against one of the most volatile markets in he world. The existence of this market has enhanced the ability of financial institutions to lend with confidence and appropriate aggressiveness to the oil and gas industry.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report contains a partial catalog of recent accomplishments of the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)in collaboration with its many private- and public-sector partners. This compendium of success stories illustrates the range and diversity of EERE programs and achievements. Part of an ongoing effort, the principal goal of this collection is to provide stakeholders with the evidence they need to assess the value they are receiving from investments in these DOE programs. The report begins with an introduction and a description of the methodology. It then presents an overview of the accomplishments of EERE programs. This is followed by the stories themselves.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Kyoto Protocol foresees emission trading but does not yet specify verification of (uncertain) emissions. This paper analyses a setting in which parties can meet their emission targets by reducing emissions, by investing in monitoring (reducing uncertainty of emissions) or by (bilaterally) trading permits. We derive the optimality conditions and carry out various numerical simulations. Our applications suggest that including uncertainty could increase compliance costs for the USA, Japan and the European Union. Central Europe and the Former Soviet Union might be able to gain from trading due to higher permit prices. Emissions trading could also lower aggregate uncertainty on emissions.

CERN Document Server

The current and prospective status of astronomical research in Ukraine is discussed. A brief history of astronomical research in Ukraine is presented and the system organizing scientific activity is described, including astronomy education, institutions and staff, awarding higher degrees/titles, government involvement, budgetary investments and international cooperation. Individuals contributing significantly to the field of astronomy and their accomplishments are mentioned. Major astronomical facilities, their capabilities, and their instrumentation are described. In terms of the number of institutions and personnel engaged in astronomy, and of past accomplishments, Ukraine ranks among major nations of Europe. Current difficulties associated with political, economic and technological changes are addressed and goals for future research activities presented.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The long term objective of the Oil Sands Business Unit of Alberta Energy is to pave the way for Alberta's bitumen production to reach 3 million barrels per day by 2020. This presentation described the national government's role in resource development. It was emphasized that since the Crown is the owner of the oil sands resource, it would benefit by providing strategic leadership and by generating a larger royalty base. The oil sands fiscal regime was described with reference to generic royalty, risk sharing, investment, and project economics. Business rule principles were also outlined along with criteria for project expansions. Both upstream and downstream challenges and opportunities were listed. 4 figs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The author presents a new technique for production of yellow cake with double precipitation, thus solving a series of problems for precipitating uranium with traditional double precipitation. The new technique can not only remove ferric ions and sulfate radicals but also make solid-liquid separation easy, utilize effectively the sulfuric acid produced in ferric ions precipitation process, and increase uranium concentration of leaching liquor. To take it as producing yellow cake will save investment, simplify operation, and cut down the consumption of raw materials and energies. It is more competitive than ion-exchange or solvent extraction in the process of extracting-purifying and preparing yellow cake.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The minimization of the environmental footprint is the underlying principle of companies involved in sustainable development. At the same time, those companies seek to contribute to the economic and social development of the communities in which they have a presence. The evidence linking sustainable development and value creation are examined in this report targeted to the investment community, which is part of an overall leadership initiative undertaken by the Conference Board of Canada. The benchmarks of companies committed to sustainable development have, on the whole, been matched or exceeded, as shown by recent evidence based on the performance of seven prominent funds and indices managed in Canada, the United States, and western Europe. They are: the Domini Social Equity Fund (American focus), the EcoValue 21{sup TM} (American focus), the Dow Jones Sustainability Group Index (international focus), Storebrand Scudder Environmental Value Fund (European focus), ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Analyses of process system properties were continued for important chemical materials involved in the several processes under consideration for semiconductor and solar cell grade silicon production. Major activities were devoted to physical, thermodynamic and transport property data for silicon. Property data are reported for vapor pressure heat of vaporization, heat of sublimation, liquid heat capacity and solid heat capacity as a function of temperature to permit rapid usage in engineering. Chemical engineering analysis of the HSC process (Hemlock Semiconductor Corporation) for production of silicon was initiated. The process is based on hydrogen reduction of dichlorosilane (DCS) to produce the polysilicon. The chemical vapor deposition reaction for DCS is faster in rate than the conventional process route which utilizes trichlorosilane (TCS) as the silicon raw material. Status and progress are reported for primary activities of base case conditions (30%), reaction chemistry (25%) ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Water-resources data for the 1993 water year for Texas are presented in four volumes, and consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams and canals; and stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality of ground-water wells. Volume 3 contains records for water discharge at 134 gaging stations; stage only at 1 gaging stations; stage and contents at 13 lakes and reservoirs; water quality at 81 gaging stations; and data for 30 partial-record and 4 flood-hydrograph partial-record stations. Also included are lists of discontinued surface-water discharge or stage-only stations and discontinued surface-water-quality stations; crest-stage and flood-hydrograph partial-record stations, reconnaissance ...

Wastenet

...Species - see CITES Trade of Dangerous Chemicals Transport and Environment U Urban Environment Use of natural resources V Volatile Organic Compounds W Waste Landfills Waste electrical and electronic equipment - see WEEE Waste incineration Waste legislation - reporting Waste management planning Waste oils Waste shipments Waste water - see Urban waste water Water Bathing Water Drinking water Floods Marine environment Urban waste water Water Framework Directive WEEE - Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment Wildlife ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This procedure describes the formulation and make-up of Simulated Dilute Water (SOW), a low-ionic-content water to be used for Activity E-20-50, Long-Term Corrosion Studies. This water has an ionic content which is nominally a factor of ten higher than that of representative waters at or near Yucca Mountain. Representative waters were chosen as J-13 well water [Harrar, 1990] and perched water at Yucca Mountain [Glassley, 1996]. J-13 well water is obtained from ground water that is in contact with the Topopah Spring tuff, which is the repository horizon rock. The perched water is located in the Topopah Spring tuff, but below the repository horizon and above the water table. A nominal times ten higher ionic content was chosen to simulate the effect of ionic ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The research committee of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan on water chemistry standard aims at establishing the private standard of water chemistry of nuclear power plants. The committee gathers up 'BWR water chemistry management manual', 'PWR primary system water chemistry management manual' and 'PWR water chemical analysis standard method', and furthermore aims at the standardization of those in future. Looking back on the committee's activities for the past four years, latest results of research of water chemistry mainly contributing to safe and reliable nuclear power plants were described with the future perspective of water chemistry and a demanded break-through. (T.T.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In equipment industries, the equipments handling industrial water and pure water are numerous. In power generation including nuclear power generation, water serves as a working medium. Review is made on the experiences in the corrosion of iron and nickel base alloys in high temperature, high pressure water and the results of researches derived from them. Under high temperature and high pressure, carbon steel, low alloy steel, stainless steel and high nickel alloy cause corrosion even in pure water. But in the case of serious corrosion, chlorine, oxygen, alkali and others in water take part. The following matters are described: corrosion by steam; stress corrosion cracking in pure water; corrosion by impurities in high temperature, high pressure pure water, i.e. chlorine ions, dissolved oxygen, and alkali; corrosion under ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper presents a novel domestic hot water heater model to be used in a multi-objective demand side management program. The model incorporates both the thermal losses and the water usage to determine the temperature of the water in the tank. Water heater loads are extracted from household load data and then used to determine the household water usage patterns. The benefits of the model are: (1) the on/off state of the water heater and temperature of the water in the tank can be accurately predicted, and (2) it enables the development of water usage profiles so that users can be classified based on usage behaviour. As a result, the amount of ancillary services and peak shaving that can be achieved are accurately predictable and can be maximized without adversely affecting users. (author)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Indicators of source water use in different economic branches, water consumption in recycling and recycling-successive water supply in 1980?2006 are analyzed. Trends were identified in variations in specific water consumption in industry, agriculture, and municipal economy. Territorial differentiation of wetness indicators of regional product over federal districts and constituent territories of the RF is shown. Wetness values of gross domestic product in different economies are compared.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Background Microbial water-quality indicators, in high concentrations in sewage, are used to determine whether water is safe for recreational purposes. Recently, the use of these indicators...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Before the implementation Water Framework directive, it was usual to forget that a good environment protection of the receiving waters needs a correct and coordinated operation of the subsystems of the water cycle, specially sewerage system, WWTP and receiving waters. This explains that most of the countries have focused their efforts in the treatment of dry weather flows forgetting the management of wet weather flows. Actually the idea that a sewerage system or a WWTP can not be planned or managed independently without considering the effects on the receiving waters is commonly accepted because not only each one of these systems must work correctly but also it is required a minimum impact in the receiving waters of the sewerage and WWTP overflows in dry and wet weather. All these links will affect the management strategy of the sewerage system (storm ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The effect of water stress on patterns of nitrate reductase activity in the leaves and nodules and on nitrogen fixation were investigated in Medicago sativa L. plants watered 1 week...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A model was developed to compute concentration of impurities in the WWER 440 steam generator (SG) secondary water along the tube bundle. Calculated values were verified by concentration values obtained from secondary water sample chemical analysis. (orig.). 2 refs.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

By the time of primary 21st century, water hyacinth had become a serious environmental problem in China. Water hyacinth contributes to the major part of ecological hazards from the invasion of foreign...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

average bulk water temper ature rise, OF bulk water temperature at elevation z, OF bulk water temperature in channels 0 and 1, O F film temperature, OF ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Japanese (Jul 1976). Japan Kametani, Katsuaki Tomura, Kayoko . National

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

THMs are disinfection by-products (DBPs) generated during water chlorination. Concentration of individual and total THMs, depends on treatment process and THMs precursors level. ATLL water utility has two DWTP (Llobregar and Ter) that produce and supply drinking water to Barcelona and regional area. This work studies the levels of THMs along the ATLL distribution system (450 km). Although, no differences were observed along water pipes system, changes of water resource and mix procedures were related. (Author) 12 refs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this paper the diffusion of tritiated water vapor into concrete walls is studied to evaluate tritiated water retention capacity of a fusion reactor concrete building. Using a model of the tritiated water diffusion determined form experimental results, depth profiles of tritiated water in concrete are calculated in the case of being exposed to air containing tritiated water vapor during the normal operational condition of a fusion reactor. A 0.5-m-thick concrete is sufficient for reactor hall walls from a viewpoint of the tritium containment.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The transport of liquid water and gaseous reactants through a gas diffusion layer (GDL) is one of the most important water management issues in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). In this work, the liquid water breakthrough dynamics, characterized by the capillary pressure and water saturation, across GDLs with and without a microporous layer (MPL) are studied in an ex-situ setup which closely simulates a real fuel cell configuration and operating conditions. The results reveal that recurrent breakthroughs are observed for all of the GDL samples tested, indicating the presence of an intermittent water drainage mechanism in the GDL. This is accounted for by the breakdown and redevelopment of the continuous water paths during water drainage as demonstrated by Haines jumps. For GDL ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Most plans for the disposition of surplus nuclear materials involve storage in sealed containers where the evolution of gases from reactions of adsorbed water could present both pressure and flammability hazards[l] . Despite efforts such as calcining the material to minimize the water content prior to packaging, both residual moisture and readsorbed water may be present in the final containers . Given the anticipated temperature excursions during transportation and storage, this water may thermally desorb, increasing the pressure, and/or thermally dissociate to produce H2 gas, increasing flammability hazards . In addition, the radiation from the nuclear material may induce radiolysis of the water with the likely products being water vapor, H2, 02 and H2O2. In order to better understand the relative importance of the thermal- and radiationinduced chemistry, we ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ground water is treated in the Czech Republic so that small water tanks are built above each water source to serve the primary ground water treatment; water so pretreated is then concentrated in large basins for subsequent treatment. Some water tanks where the first contact of the ground water with air takes place were selected as sites predisposed to radon accumulation. The examination was carried out near the town of Jihlava, where the bedrock contains slightly elevated radium concentrations. The average radon concentrations lay within the region of 2-4 kBq/m"3; the instantaneous values, however, exhibited appreciable periodical variations during the day. The relatively high radon concentrations will not pose a marked hazard for the personnel because the employees only reside at the sites in question for 10 to 15 minutes within 2 days, not ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Conference paper regarding research in the use of freeze prevention for passive solar domestic water heating systems.

Science.gov (United States)

... Marine transport and oil disposal by boats and Matadi pose threats in the region. When the water ... Marine transport and oil disposal by boats and Matadi pose threats in the region. When the water ... ...

Science.gov (United States)

This site explains how temperature, pressure, and salinity work together to determine the density of ocean water. The three density layers of the ocean are described by means of text description and a graphic illustration.

Science.gov (United States)

... will utilize man-made habitats, including artificial wetlands, waste water ponds, water hazards on golf courses, and an abandoned ... ...

Science.gov (United States)

The largest outbreak of cryptosporidiosis reported in the United Kingdom, involving 575 confirmed cases (of which 474 met an agreed case definition), occurred in the county of Devon during August and September of 1995. The descriptive epidemiology supports the hypothesis that the outbreak was associated with the consumption of cold tap water in the area served by a particular water treatment works. Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in treated water samples at the time of the outbreak. Although the epidemiological analysis provided strong circumstantial evidence of a waterborne outbreak, the data were not recorded in a manner that made them admissible in criminal proceedings taken by the Drinking Water Inspectorate against the water company involved. The need to carry out an analytical study in conjunction with the identification and characterisation of the pathogen in the ...

Science.gov (United States)

... should give full con- As for the effects of the Three Gorges on the mouth of sideration to the rising water process and water temper- the river, the ...

Science.gov (United States)

... Where Suck Creek enters the river, a formidable whirlpool and 2 Ground-water data for the Suck Creek area of Walden Ridge, Southern ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The very low-pressure expansion tank of the title invention is connected to the water in the central heating installation via a connecting pipe with a pump and valves on one side, and on the other side the tank is connected via a connecting pipe with valve to the tap water mains, so that the supply of water can be regulated automatically. Within the expansion tank contact with the outside air is not possible because of an air/water separating floater. By means of recording and control (also remote) of the contents of the expansion tank, the installation pressure and the quantity of supplied water from the expansion tank and the tap water mains, failures and water damage are prevented. 4 figs.

Science.gov (United States)

density is slightly higher, its electrical conductivity is much higher, and it is slightly ... Sea water has characteristic properties (e.g. density) that are independent of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The inclusion of neodecanoic acid in aqueous water-soluble soap lubricants reduces viscosity, and improves lubricity effectiveness.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In this paper, we calculated the radioactive concentration distribution of radioactive waste water, the temperature distribution of drained cooling water and the effect of implement from the Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant on nearby waters range, discussed and analysed some problems of computational results and computation with Alternating Direction Implicit Method (ADI). The contents of the article included: the establishment of two-dimension tidal current equation, radioactive waste water pollutant dispersion equation and cooling water heat convection diffusion equation, the numerical difference calculation model of tidal current field, concentration field as well as temperature field, effect impingement with ADI method, numerical calculation results. The result of research showed that: when the Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant is on normal operation and after the low level radioactive ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In an attempt to obtain basic data for evaluation of exposure doses in Niigata Prefecture, the concentrations of tritium in atmospheric water, precipitation, river water, and tap water were measured. Samples of atmospheric water, river water, and tap water were collected once for 2 weeks; and precipitation collected for one week was used as sample. The concentration of atmospheric tritium depended on the concentration of tritium in moisture and the content of water in atmosphere. Tritium levels were high in May, November and March, and low in September. Regarding tritium concentrations, there was a good correlation between atmospheric water and precipitation. Tritium concentrations in both of them varied from sample to sample. The concentrations of tritium in river and tap water tended to be high ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The Netherlands Chemical Industry Association (VNCI) is investigating the potential for expansion of the CHP capacity in the Dutch chemical industry. This report discusses the return on investment for CHP installations and the market conditions. Moreover, scenario results are presented for the CHP potential and the development of CHP in the chemical industry until 2020. [Dutch] De Vereniging van de Nederlandse Chemische Industrie (VNCI) heeft onderzoek laten uitvoeren om vast te stellen welke economische en beleidsmatige voorwaarden er zijn om het WKK-potentieel in de Nederlandse chemie te realiseren. Dit rapport brengt de marktpositie van WKK en de rentabiliteit van investeringen in WKK in beeld. Verder worden resultaten gegeven voor de potentiele energiebesparing en emissiereductie en wordt een scenario gepresenteerd voor het WKK-potentieel in de chemische industrie tot 2020.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The impacts of the availability of low-carbon technologies on the regional distribution of mitigation costs are analyzed in a global multi-regional integrated assessment model. Three effects on regional consumption losses are distinguished: domestic measures, trade of fossil energy carriers and trade of emission permits. Key results are: (i) GDP losses and a redirection of investments in the energy system towards capital-intensive technologies are major contributions to regional consumption losses. (ii) A devaluation of tradable fossil energy endowments contributes largely to the mitigation costs of fossil fuel exporters. (iii) In case of reduced availability of low-carbon technologies, the permit market volume and associated monetary redistributions increase. The results suggest that the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The ElectroStatic Precipitator (ESP) removes dust and tar droplets very efficiently from biomass product gas. Dust was removed for more than 99%. The tar dewpoint was reduced from 130C to 21C, which is sufficient for the application of the product gas in a gas engine. Tar removal is not sensitive to the voltage or fluctuations in the gas residence time . The voltage was varied between 28 to 37 kV{sub arith} and the gas residence time between 4 and 11s. Fouling of the ESP collector plates was negligible, which was concluded from visual inspection after 200 hours of operation. A reduction in the residence time reduces the size of the ESP and has a significant impact on the investment costs of the ESP. Keywords: electrostatic filter, tar removal, circulating fluidised bed (CFB)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A series of modifications which increased the capacity of Canadian Electrolytic Zinc's Valleyfield plant from 220,000 MT/year to 260,000 MT/year during the last decade is discussed, combined with an an overview of the plant's operations. The modifications included modernisation of the waste disposal methods and facilities, such as a new high-density sludge wastewater treatment process, a new process to remove selenium from weak acid solutions and the jarofix process. Roasting capacity also has been improved by recent investments in new cooling coils, rebricking, oxygen enrichment and process automation. In addition to increases in refining capacity, the improvements also enabled the company to minimize its impact on the environment and the community.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Investment in mining projects is always associated with risk because of the inclusion of many uncertain parameters. Probability analysis can be applied to such a system which has many kinds of uncertain parameters. This kind of study uses historical data to provide more information for future decisions. This study uses the historical data from a truck-shovel operation at an open cut Coal Mine in NSW, Australia to develop a productivity estimation model, using stochastic analysis. In the first step statistics and various probability distributions were developed for both certain and uncertain variables. A correlation analysis was the next step to investigate any possible relationship between productivity and affecting parameters. The results of these two stages were then used in a simulation model using the stochastic approach. 2 figs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An uncomfortable thermal climate, draft complaints and a bad airquality are often related to the climate installation. To avoid badfunctioning of the system a number of preconditions has to be fulfilledwith regard to design, planning and execution, adjustments, completion,control, maintenance and management of the installations. First threetypes of health problems in buildings are shortly discussed: buildingrelated illness, sick building syndrome and building or installationrelated complaints. Then some functions of the climate installationsare described: air filtration, filter classes and filter quality, aswell as investment costs for better filters. Next the causes for thecomplaints are dealt with: air conditioning, ventilation, air quality,and temperatures. Subsequently health affecting aspects in relation tothe climate systems are discussed: outdoor air pollution,microorganisms, bacteria (legionella pneumophila), allergies, ionneutralization and performance of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Electricity generation from wind turbines is now cost competitive for grid and off-grid applications in many developing regions, and close to competitive in others. Wind resources could generate thousands of megawatts of badly-needed power in Asia, North Africa, and Latin America. Barriers to penetrating power generation markets remain, however, including unequal access to investment capital, energy price and other market distortions, and often weak institutions for commercializing new technologies. Recognizing the potential economic and environmental benefits of wind power, bilateral and multilateral assistance organizations have for several years offered financial and technical assistance to promote its diffusion. Based on this experience and assistance for other renewable electric technologies, lessons and recommendations can be drawn regarding how assistance could more effectively overcome persistent market and policy barriers, especially in light of the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The return on investment for the chemical/petrochemical industrial is getting worse in comparison with other industrials. For example, in the last five years, the NASDAQ index has increased its value from 770 to 2200 (314%). Especially, in the areas of internet business, certain stock values has increased by five time in less than 3 years. However, the average changes in stock values for the chemical/petrochemical/oil industrials are between -50% to +230%. This is far too small for the expectation of today`s investors. Consequently, many companies diversified to pharmaceutical business where the profit margins are higher. Lately there have been many mergers for a better share of capitals and manpower, hence improving the profit margins. However, what is the bottom-line problems? What role can process integration play to better our future? (au)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The purpose of this paper is to relate some of the commonly encountered problems with operational procedures in the nuclear industry and offer practical suggestions for their elimination. The paper is based on recent consultant experience in assisting industry clients with human performance related design and assessment initiatives. Operational procedures are a key part of an integrated system design. Procedures provide the specified instructions for actions people are to undertake in operating a facility to achieve production and safety goals. While organizations continue to make substantial investments in procedure development and maintenance, problems with procedures continue to occur, as evidenced through operating inefficiencies, errors, and events. The paper reviews the role procedures play in facility operations, comments on current development and maintenance practices, discusses the extent of human performance related problems attributed to procedure ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An Oil Shale Mining Economic Model (OSMEM) was developed and executed for mining scenarios representative of commercially feasible mining operations. Mining systems were evaluated for candidate sites in the Piceance Creek Basin. Mining methods selected included: (1) room-and-pillar; (2) chamber-and-pillar, with spent shale backfilling; (3) sublevel stopping; and (4) sublevel stopping, with spent shale backfilling. Mines were designed to extract oil shale resources to support a 50,000 barrels-per-day surface processing facility. Costs developed for each mining scenario included all capital and operating expenses associated with the underground mining methods. Parametric and sensitivity analyses were performed to determine the sensitivity of mining cost to changes in capital cost, operating cost, return on investment, and cost escalation.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The majority of Brazilian big cities served by conventional railroad systems with routes starting in the center of the URBIS, destinate them the long distances transport of passengers and cargo. Actually, these systems are being transformed to become commuter trains which join a great capacity of transportation to a much lower costs of implantation than subway ones. The most important characteristic of this train, when talking about energy consumption, is the possibility of using different kinds of explosion engines from three cycles: Diesel, mixed (Diesel + Natural Gas), and Otto moved by natural gas, besides the traditional electric traction. The use of natural gas in Otto cycle engines shows itself competitive from the point of view of investments, operational costs and environmental preservation. (author). 10 refs., 1 fig

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Purpose - Customer relationship management (CRM) indicates a comprehensive strategy and an interactive process intended to achieve an optimum balance between corporate investment and the satisfaction of customer needs to generate the maximum profit. E-CRM refers to CRM using internet technology plus a database, OLAP, data warehouse, data mining, etc. In order to gain an understanding of the efficiency of implementing an e-CRM system within the library context, to develop theoretically and empirically an evaluation process for the e-CRM system and survey its impact on service quality, a pilot scheme was initiated in 2004. The pilot scheme was to design and implement an e-CRM prototype system for a particular academic library in Taiwan and to survey the system's performances. This paper aims...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A large number of proven technical solutions exists for the use of renewable energies (RE). However, their dissemination is still too slow to meet the political goal of substituting 12 % of the primary energy demand in the European Union by the year 2010. Even renewable energy systems (RES) with economic potential are only partly exploited. There is a long literature concerning the barriers to RE use. In particular it has become clear that the availability of finance and the forms and conditions upon which it is lent have a major impact on RE deployment. An area of importance is the deficiency of appropriate ownership forms and properly adapted financing instruments in certain countries. Moreover, different regulations and institutional barriers in the European countries hinder the free flow of capital for RES within the European common market. On the other hand, solutions have been developed very successfully in individual countries. Differences in cultures and institutions have ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract -Lactoglobulin (-LG) is a lipocalin, which is the major whey protein of cow's milk and the milk of other mammals. However, it is absent from human milk. The biological function of -LG is not clear, but its potential role in carrying fatty acids through the digestive tract has been suggested. -LG has been found in complexes with lipids such as butyric and oleic acids and has a high affinity for a wide variety of compounds. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), an important compound found in animals and plants, has various functions, including the regulation of mood, appetite, sleep, muscle contraction, and some cognitive functions such as memory and learning. In this study, the interaction of serotonin and one of its derivatives, arachidonyl serotonin (AA-5HT), with -LG was invest...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Theories of the good and proper self (the governmental normative subject, be it a reflexive, enterprising, individualising, rational, prosthetic, or possessive self)1 or even the self produced in conditions not of its own making, such as Bourdieu's habitus, all rely on ideas about self-interest, investment and/or -playing the game-. As people are increasingly expected to publicly legitimate themselves as good and worthy subjects, and as capital increasingly enters the spaces of intimacy and bio-politics, we need to reconsider the limits of our theoretical imaginaries for understanding the value production necessary to the performance of personhood. Specifically, most of the theories we have for understanding the connections between personhood and value reproduce and legitimate the...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The purpose of the Energy Incentives and Agricultural Financial Resources Act of 1986 is to provide fair incentives for the domestic production of oil and gas, and to give flexibility to financial institutions with regard to energy and agricultural loans. The legislation reflects the current drop in activity and investment as a result of economic conditions and tax laws. It amends the Federal Deposit Insurance Act to assist troubled banks in providing capital and restructuring loans for energy development and agricultural pursuits. Title II repeals certain restrictions on the use of natural gas and petroleum imposed under the Fuel Use Act to open up markets and eliminate pricing requirements.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The use of Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) vessels to develop UK offshore oil fields looks certain to increase. Of the 64 new offshore fields due for development in the next few years, 15 are expected to use FPSO vessels for their production. Most of these are small, short-life fields in the central North Sea which would not justify investment in a fixed platform. Three, however, are large fields west of Shetland, and one, the Foinaven field, is scheduled to be the first commercial development in this area, perhaps setting a precedent. Floating production systems with substantial storage capacity can be the best option in deepwater locations which are remote from existing infrastructure, where the cost of an export pipeline would be prohibitive. (author)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The primary objective of batch data as trajectory alignment (or synchronization) is to standardize the data sampling per batch according to the evolution of the process, and secondarily to homogenize the samples per run. The use of an indicator variable performs both objectives well. Two examples from the pharmaceutical sector are discussed to illustrate the different ways to deal with uneven samples across batches and across variables in the same batch. Since trajectory alignment requires large time investment, a simple triage approach is proposed to assess the need to analyze the dynamics of a given process and hence perform alignment. The presented examples are representative of a broad variety of batch processes that are operated by recipe in the pharmaceutical sector. In our experienc...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Biodiesel from non-grain feedstock has been considered as one of the proper substitutes for fossil fuels associated with a series of activities emerging in China in order to meet the resource shortage and develop the energy crops. This paper presents an ecological accounting framework based on embodied energy, emergy, and CO2 emission for the whole production chain of biodiesel made from Jatropha curcas L. (JCL) oil. The energy and materials invested in and CO2 emission from the whole process, including cropping, transportation, extraction, and production, are accounted and calculated. Also, EmCO2, the ratio of real CO2 released to the emergy-based sustainability indicator per joule biodiesel, is proposed in this paper to present a new goal function for low-carbon system optimization. Fina...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Climate variability greatly affects animals through direct and indirect effects. Animals with slow reproductive adaptation to ecological changes such as large mammals are likely to have evolved mechanisms to anticipate early such impacts of climate variability on the environment. One of the adaptive mechanisms between reproductive costs and benefits in mammals affects parental investment through biases in sex ratio. Deer might be likely to show an early detection of climate variability because conception takes place in early autumn, but the main raising cost in deer concerns lactation, which takes place at the end of the following spring. The aim of this paper is to assess whether there is a relationship between global indices of climate variability such as El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation (EN...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The study abstracted aims at analyzing the economic effects of energy policies using simulations. Emphasis is on assessing the effects of decisions in favour of an expanding electric power industry based on nuclear energy and hard coal. The study discusses alternative assumptions concerning the cost involved, pollution abatement measures, shutdown and dismantling costs etc. Input-output analyses make the simulation model a consistent vehicle. Besides, the model in question is characterized by its explaining the investment demand of the different sectors by referring to the continuous annual development of innovative technologies.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Interesting developments in linear accelerators have been attained over the past 45 years. The status of linear accelerators and future possibilities are described in context of demanding applications and technology maturity. Features of industrial or `factory`-type applications are high availability, economic operations, low investment cost and ease of running a facility. All features have been demonstrated in one manner or another at large operating facilities for the research community; within a different context that has been argued in the past to be not as demanding as for `factory` installation. In addition, comments are made relative to intense beam power levels and choices that can be made for power levels below 10 MW, on the assumption that a cw beam is required. 1 fig., 1 tab.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This study looks for the presence of rational speculative bubbles in Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) using unit-root, variance ratio, duration dependence and regime switching regression tests. The regime switching method provides weak evidence of speculative bubble behaviour in both the mortgage and hybrid REITs sectors even though traditional econometric bubble tests do not provide evidence of rational speculative bubbles in all REIT markets. Findings suggest that price movement in mortgage and hybrid REITs may be induced by bubble-like behaviour of investors. This behaviour may be traced to the real estate market bubble. Our results provide evidence that the real estate bubble that started in early 2000 was transmitted into securitized real estate markets. A regime switching model ...

Environmental Research Database

Objectives1. To establish the present capacity and capability across all the sectors within the UK for - a) Undertaking research in the areas of toxicology and ecotoxicology and environmental hazard and risk assessment work on chemical subtances including emerging containments (e.g. enginerred nanomaterials); and b) Applying these skills in the policy and regulatory context. 2) The range of chemicals involved should include pharmaceutical and medical products, crop protection agents, biocides, vet [continued...]DescriptionThe aim of this project is to identify the current status of the scientific community, areas of expertise, and identify the gaps in skills, knowledge or recruitment. The project will use a questionnaire approach to obtain this information for all sectors of the business community. The analysis will identify the gaps in provision, and areas where investment is needed in future training and/or recruitment.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Industrial premises bear more and more important thermal constraints which can commonly reach 150 W/m{sup 2} and more. The reason is the general development of automation and automatic devices and the better thermal insulation of buildings. Production quality requires also more and more strict ambient conditions (temperature, humidity, air quality, air flow etc..). Thus, the air-conditioning market in the industrial sector is more linked to economic factors such as productivity and profit than to thermal comfort of workers. However, the air-conditioning potentialities in the industrial sector remains under-exploited in France. This paper analyzes the reasons of this situation in terms of investments and equipments. (J.S.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Restructuring of power system has changed the traditional planning objectives and introduced challenges in the field of Transmission Expansion Planning (TEP). Due to these changes, new approaches and criteria are needed for transmission planning in deregulated environment. Therefore, in this paper, a dynamic expansion methodology is presented using a multi-objective optimization framework. Investment cost, congestion cost and reliability are considered in the optimization as three objectives. To overcome the difficulties in solving the non-convex and mixed integer nature of the optimization problems, a Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA II) approach is used followed by a fuzzy decision making analysis to obtain the final optimal solution. The planning methodology has been demonstrated on the IEEE 24-bus test system and north-east of Iran national 400 kV transmission grid to show the feasibility and capabilities of the proposed algorithm in electricity ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In Pakistan, the agricultural sector is the largest water user with 95%, leaving only marginal quantities for households and industry. On one hand, agriculture is a very important sector in Pakistan's economic development, contributing about 23 % to the national GDP -but industry contributes slightly more using only about 2 % of the available water resources. As Pakistan faces a growing problem of water shortage, significant achievements in water conservation have to be materialized, predominantly on the agricultural sector. There is scope for a higher degree of efficiency in water use, as water losses, namely in irrigation, are still rather high. There is another good reason for water conservation in agriculture: Over-irrigation results in rising water tables and increased soil salinity, which has reduced Pakistan's ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... v. 1267(1) RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY AND NUCLEAR

Science.gov (United States)

... ULTRASONIC VIBRATION TO PORTLAND CEMENT-WATER PASTE REDUCES THE ULTIMATE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF MORTARS ...

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Medline Plus

... know if the drainage becomes very clear, like tap water. This may be the first indication that there ...

KoreaScience (Korea)

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KoreaScience (Korea)

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Science.gov (United States)

... Marine transport and oil disposal by boats and Matadi pose threats in the region. When the water ... ...

Wastenet

...In 2000, the Water Framework Directive (WFD) came into force, introducing a comprehensive, river basin based water management for Europe. The aim of the Directive is ...In 2000, the Water Framework Directive (WFD) came into force, introducing a comprehensive, river basin based water management for Europe. The aim of the Directive ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Short communication.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

General corrosion behavior of ALLOY 800 in high temperature water was studied in relation to its surface film structure. The surface film formed in water was found to decrease the corrosion rate of ALLOY 800. This film is composed of Ni ferrite, and can be obtained by oxidation in air or steam. Based on these results, air or steam oxidation treatment to inhibit Ni and Co release of ALLOY 800 into high temperature water is proposed. (author).

Science.gov (United States)

Language: English ...

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared

KoreaScience (Korea)

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KoreaScience (Korea)

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This book contains the Proceedings of the Conference on Climate and Water under the following groupings: Impacts of climatic variability and change-resulting from the changes in hydrological variables; Aquatic environment; Terrestrial environment; Coastal zones and navigation; Urban and industrial water supply and drainage; Energy production; Intropogenic changes of climate and water management problems; Flood potential; Irrigation and land drainage.

Science.gov (United States)

... use of water in wound management, such as whirlpool baths, but can be used interchangeably with the ...

KoreaScience (Korea)

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KoreaScience (Korea)

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DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Udgivelsesdato: October 2004

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The environments on the drip shield and waste package outer barrier are controlled by the compositions of the waters that contact these components. the temperature (T) of these components, and the effective relative humidity (RH) at these components. Because the composition of the waters that are expected to enter the emplacement drifts (either by seepage flow or by episodic flow) have not been specified: well J13 water was chosen as the reference water (Harrar 1990). Section 6.2 discusses the accessible RH for the temperatures of interest at the repository horizon. Section 6.3 discusses the adsorption of water on metal alloys in the absence of hygroscopic salts. Because the temperatures of the DSs and the WPOBs are higher than those of the surrounding near-field environment, the relative humidity at the DSs and the WPOBs will be lower than that of the surrounding near-field ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This study quantifies the external water footprint of the Netherlands by partner country and import product and assesses the impact of this footprint by contrasting the geographically-explicit water footprint with water scarcity in the different parts of the world. The total water footprint of the Netherlands is estimated to be about 2300 m^3/year/cap, of which 67% relates to the consumption of agricultural goods, 31% to the consumption of industrial goods, and 2% to domestic water use. The Dutch water footprint related to the consumption of agricultural goods, is composed as follows: 46% related to livestock products; 17% oil crops and oil from oil crops; 12% coffee, tea, cocoa and tobacco; 8% cereals and beer; 6% cotton products; 5% fruits; and 6% other agricultural products. About 11% o...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

We present an innovative approach to estimating residential irrigation water demand for a large metropolitan area using GIS data, weather station data, and a water budget modeling approach commonly used by plant scientists and landscape management professionals. An important question addressed by our study is how a growing urban forest affects the overall irrigation water demand of a semiarid metropolitan area. To estimate the amount of water required by residential landscaping, we consider water demand to be a function of the areal extent of residential landscaping (i.e. tree/shrub or turf grass), the water-loss rate for different landscaping types, the efficiency with which the landscape is irrigated, and local climatic factors (i.e. reference evapotranspiration and precipitation). We es...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Purpose: To remove excessive driving pressure applied to an unisolated control rod drive by returning excessive coolant to a condensed water storage tank or to the inlet side of a drive water pump using a coolant flow rate control pipe of a control rod driving hydraulic system. Constitution: Excessive water is returned to a condensed water tank while controlling the excessive coolant by a flow control valve in response to variations in the pressure difference between the reactor pressure and the driving water line when the control rods are isolated using a pipe from the outlet side of the drive water pump to the condensed water storage tank. Thus, the control rod to be isolated is prevented form being dropped. (Sekiya, K.).

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Seven villages in southeastern Kenya surround Mt. Kasigau and depend on the mountain's cloud forest for their water supply. Five of these villages have regularly experienced water shortages, and all village water supplies were contaminated with Escherichia coli bacteria. There is a need to economically find new sources of fresh ground water. Remote sensing offers a relatively quick and cost-effective way of identifying areas with high potential for ground water development. This study used spectral properties of features on Landsat remote sensing imagery to map linear features, soil types, surface moisture, and vegetation. Linear features represented geologic or geomorphologic features indicating either shallow ground water or areas of increased subsurface hydraulic conductivity. Regarding...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The papers presented at the symposium had covered three general areas in which isotopes could have been beneficially used. these areas are: -Water use and water use efficiency studies. -Ground water investigations -Water problems in the arab countries. The individual papers had dealt with these subjects: -Hydrological research in the arab countries by use of radioisotopes. -The perspectives of use of radioisotopes in hydrological studies in Syria. -Water use efficiency and sub-soil water studies. -Sea water inclusion in a coast el aquifers in Lebanon. -Irrigation requirements of crops in Lebanon as determined by a Neutron probe with reference to other methods. -The use of the neutron moisture meter and other methods of the determination of the evapotranspiration of maize. -Ground water investigations, dating and nuclear ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The humidification dehumidification desalination process is viewed as a promising technique for small capacity production plants. The process has several attractive features, which include operation at low temperature, ability to utilize sustainable energy sources, i.e. solar and geothermal, and requirements of low technology level. This paper evaluates the characteristics of the humidification dehumidification desalination process as a function of operating conditions. A small capacity experimental system is used to evaluate the process characteristics as a function of the flow rate of the water and air streams, the temperature of the water stream and the temperature of the cooling water stream. The experimental system includes a packed humidification column, a double pipe glass condenser, a constant temperature water circulation tank and a chiller for cooling water. The ...