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2002-01-01
Recent studies have demonstrated that the infra-red laser can cause alterations in thyroid glands. Their normal activity must be preserved, as they produce the thyroidal hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), that stimulate the oxidative metabolism, essential to maintain a healthy organism. The increase or diminution of these hormones results in alteration of the mitochondria's activity, that determines the secondary effects in the metabolism. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if there was any alteration of the thyroidal hormones plasma levels under irradiation from infra-red laser, with energy density of 4J/cm2, in the region of thyroid glands of male mice. It was concluded that there was an hormonal level alteration statistically significant between the first day of irradiation and seven days after the last ...
2001-01-01
The purpose of this study was to evaluate (in vivo) the effects of low-intensity Arsenide Gallium Aluminium laser application post-cavity preparation class 1. Six patients with bilateral pre-molars and molars indicated to extraction for orthodontics aim were selected. Four samples of these teeth underwent cavity preparation with deep from medium to high and two samples underwent cavity preparation from high to pulp expositions. The samples were constituted of two teeth of the same patient and received different treatments. One of the teeth underwent laser exposition and the other one was maintained as control, before restorative procedure with polycarboxylate cement. A diode laser (lambda=650 nm), output power 30 mW and fluencies of 1,8 J/cm2 and 2,7 J/cm2 in pre-molars and molars, respectively, was used for irradiation with ...
2001-07-01
For the present study seven patients presenting periodontal disease were selected in a way that they required the performance of gingivectomy procedure in the region of premolars in both sides, being this in the upper or lower region. After the surgical procedure one side was submitted to low intensity laser radiation, wavelength 685 nm, power 50 mW and fluency of 4J/cm{sup 2}, contact mode. The other side was used as a control, not receiving any laser irradiation. Healing process for both sides, was clinically and biometrically evaluated and compared using photographs for the periods: pre-operative, immediate post-operative, 3, 7,14,21, 28 and 35 days. The analysis was performed by 3 specialists in Periodontology considering aspects of healing. Results were submitted to statistical analysis. Biometrical evaluation showed improvement of healing for the period of 21 and 28 days in the lased group. Clinical evaluation showed better reparation mainly after the third day for the active group. Laser group was considered to present an improved healing when compared to the control group. (author)
2004-01-01
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of low intensity laser therapy, associated or not to an acidulated phosphate fluoride, on the prevention of dental caries induced in rats. It was used 40 wistar rats, female, weaned with 18 days, fed with a cariogenic diet during 48 days and inoculated orally with Streptococcus mutans by three consecutive days starting from the second day of the diet. On the fifth day of experiment the animals were divided into five groups: Gc (control) the animas were no submitted to any treatment. GL (laser) irradiation with low power laser (GaAlAs, lambda=660 nm, P=30 mW, DELTAt=5 sec, 5 J/cm2). GF (fluoride) topical application of acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF 1,23%) for four minutes. GLF (laser + fluoride) irradiation with low power laser ...
2002-07-01
The photodynamic therapy is a process in which a dye is associate with an appropriate wavelength of light and this dye goes to an excited state. The excited reacts with oxygen to form the highly reactive compound singlet oxygen, and this compound can kill bacteria and tumor cells. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bactericidal reduction in root canal contaminated with E. Faecalis. Thirty teeth with their root canals prepared were contaminated with E. faecalis. The teeth have received the chemical substance sodium hypochlorite for 30 minutes; ten teeth have received the azulene dye paste for 5 minutes and have been irradiated with a diode laser, output power 10 mW and {lambda}= 685 nm for 3 minutes. Ten teeth have not received treatment (control group). The bacterial reduction was significantly higher for laser group when compared to chemical and control groups. These results indicate photodynamic therapy as an effective method to kill bacteria. (author)
2002-01-01
The photodynamic therapy is a process in which a dye is associate with an appropriate wavelength of light and this dye goes to an excited state. The excited reacts with oxygen to form the highly reactive compound singlet oxygen, and this compound can kill bacteria and tumor cells. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bactericidal reduction in root canal contaminated with E. Faecalis. Thirty teeth with their root canals prepared were contaminated with E. faecalis. The teeth have received the chemical substance sodium hypochlorite for 30 minutes. Ten teeth have received the azulene dye paste for 5 minutes and have been irradiated with a diode laser, output power 10 mW and lambda= 685 nm for 3 minutes. Ten teeth have not received treatment (control group). The bacterial reduction was significantly higher for laser group when compared to chemical and control ...
2003-01-01
Temporo Mandibular Dysfunction (TMD) is a term used to describe disorders which involve temporomandibular joint (TMJ), masticatory muscles, and associated structures, isolatedly or not, whose most frequent symptoms pain. Its etiology involve controversies, and among risk factors is Class 11 malocclusion. A lot of techniques are used for TMD treatment, and the most recent are Low Intensity Laser Therapy (LILT) and Functional Orthopedics (FO). The aim of this study was to evaluate pain and buccal mobility in subjects with Class II malocclusion and TMD symptoms, treated with LILT and FO associated or not. Eighteen subjects were selected and divided in three groups. Group 1 was treated with LILT, lambda = 780 nm, 70 mW, 15 J/cm2 per point, in six sessions during two weeks. The application was in three points around the TMJ and in masticatory muscles: ...
2003-01-01
The low intensity laser therapy (LILT) has been extensively used in medicine and dentistry presenting positive effects. However, the laser radiation can also cause adverse effects. Due to the ocular focalization property, in the wavelength from 400 to 1400 nm, the retina is more susceptible to damage by radiation than any other part of the human body. Then, the ocular protection is frequently emphasized. This protection must attenuate the radiation to a safe level. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard IEC 60825-1 suggests safety requirements for medical laser equipment, including the ocular protection, based on maximum permissible exposure levels. The Brazilian legislation adopts a corresponding IEC standard, the NBR IEC 601.2.22, for safety requirements. The aim of this study was to analyze the adequacy of the ocular protectors furnished by ...
2003-01-01
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of low-intensity irradiation with GaAlAs laser (red emission) on the ultrastructure of dentine-pulp interface after conventionally prepared class I cavity preparation. Two patients with 8 premolars for extraction indicated for orthodontic reasons. Class I cavities were prepared in these teeth that were then divided into two groups. The first group received a treatment with laser with continuous emission, lambda=660 nm, with maximum power output of 30 mW. The dosimetry applied was of approximately 2J/cm2, directly and perpendicularly into the cavity in only one section. After the irradiation, the cavities were filled with composite resin. The second group received the same treatment, except by the laser therapy. Twenty-eight days after the preparation, the teeth were extracted and were ...
2003-07-01
This research investigated the effects of low level laser therapy (LLLT) upon the velocity of canine tooth movement and consequently bone remodeling. A total of eleven patients were treated with a 780 nm diode laser. One side of the upper arcade was considered control group and was not irradiated but received mechanical activation every thirty days. The opposite side received the same mechanical activation but was also irradiated at days 0, 3, 7 and 14 of each month. Data of the biometrical progress were taken on both sides on days 3,7,14,21 and 30 of each month. The results indicate that all patients showed significant acceleration of the distalization velocity on the side treated with LLLT when compared to the control. (author)
2001-07-01
THIS STUDY SHOWS A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF THE LASER RADIATION IN LOW INTENSITY ON THE MAST CELL DEGRANULATION IN INFLAMMATORY FIBROUS HYPERPLASIA WHEN THEY ARE COLORED OR NOT BY THE TOLUIDINE BLUE. THE DYE WAS USED IN ORDER TO INCREASE THE ABSORPTION OF THE LASER LIGHT BY THE TISSUE. THE INJURE WAS DIVIDED IN THREE EQUAL PARTS, AND EACH PART RECEIVED A DIFFERENT KIND OF TREATMENT. ONE OF THEM WAS REMOVED TO BE THE CONTROL, THE SECOND PART WAS LASER TREATED AND THEN IMMEDIATELY REMOVED AND THE LAST ONE, AFTER BEING SUPERFICIALLY COLORED, WAS LASER TREATED AND THEN IMMEDIATELY REMOVED . THE ORDER OF THE STAGES WAS RANDOMLY CHANGED , THEN THE TIME BETWEEN THE STAGES WOULD NOT INTERFERE IN THE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE MAST CELL DEGRANULATION RATES. IT WAS FOUND THAT THE MAST CELL DEGRANULATION RATES WERE 49% FOR THE CONTROL GROUP, 87% FOR THE LASER GROUP AND 88% FOR THE COLORED/LASER GROUP. THERE WAS NO SIGNIFICANT STATISTICAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE GROUP LASER TREATED AND THE ONE COLORED/LASER TREATED. HOWEVER, THERE WAS A SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE CONTROL AND THE TREATED GROUP (PS {<=} 0,01). (AUTHOR)
2001-07-01
The purpose of this study was to evaluate (in vivo) the effects of low-intensity Arsenide Gallium Aluminium laser application post-cavity preparation class 1. Six patients with bilateral pre-molars and molars indicated to extraction for orthodontics aim were selected. Four samples of these teeth underwent cavity preparation with deep from medium to high and two samples underwent cavity preparation from high to pulp expositions. The samples were constituted of two teeth of the same patient and received different treatments. One of the teeth underwent laser exposition and the other one was maintained as control, before restorative procedure with polycarboxylate cement. A diode laser ({lambda}=650 nm), output power 30 mW and fluencies of 1,8 J/cm{sup 2} and 2,7 J/cm{sup 2} in pre-molars and molars, respectively, was used for irradiation with repetition rate of 18 Hz in interrupted continuous wave mode. After seven days, the teeth were extracted and processed histologically with HE to verify morphological changes in the pulpy tissue. The four samples, which cavity preparation and restorative material were not in contact with the pulp, did not show histological differences between irradiated and non-irradiated teeth. Both of them presented the same characteristics of normality. The two samples with exposed pulpy tissue showed different results. The irradiated teeth presented no or slight inflammatory signs when compared to the control samples, which showed abscess in the coronary pulp interior and intense inflammatory infiltrated. These results suggest that the laser irradiation can be used as a therapeutic modality in clinical trials, in the conditions employed in this study. (author)
2003-07-01
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of low intensity laser irradiation on bone repair process after titanium implant surgeries performed in rabbits' tibia. Thirty three Norfolk rabbits were divided into three different groups according to the implant removal period (14, 21 and 42 days). Two titanium-pure implants were inserted one in each tibia and one side was randomly chosen to be irradiated. Irradiations were performed employing a GaAlAs laser ({lambda}=780 nm) during 10 seconds, with an energy density of 7.5 J/cm{sup 2} on 4 spots: above, bellow, on the right and on the left side of the implants with an interval between irradiations of 48 hours during 14 days. Animals were sacrificed according to the observation times, tibias were removed and the strength removal values recorded. Results showed that, for the 21 and 42 days sacrifices periods, the irradiated side presented a statistically higher implant strength removal values when compared to the non-irradiated side. (author)
2001-07-01
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of low intensity laser on the bone repair over periapical lesions of dental elements. Fifteen patients with a total of eighteen periapical lesions were selected and divided into two groups. Lesions of the control group were submitted to endodontic treatment and/or periapical surgery and the lesions of the experimental laser group, were submitted to the same procedures of the first group but also irradiated by low intensity laser. It was used a 904 nm wavelength laser GaAs, employing 11 mW of power delivered by a fiber optic system, irradiation continuos and contact mode, using a fluency of 9 J/cm{sup 2}. The mentioned treatment was repeated for 10 sessions with intervals of 72 hours between each session. Bone repair was evaluated through lesion measurements, which were accessed from the X ray pictures using a time and then, were also statistically analyzed. Results showed a significant difference between lased and control groups (p<0,10), emphasizing that for the laser group presented a significant reduction of the lesions area, confirmed by X ray. (author)
Precesso do jato de 3C120: simulaes hidrodinmicas 3D
Observaes com tcnicas de interferometria com longa linha de base tm mostrado a existncia de um jato relativstico com componentes superluminais na regio central de 3C 120. Estas componentes so ejetadas em distintas direes no plano do cu e com diferentes velocidades aparentes. Estas caractersticas foram interpretadas em trabalhos anteriores como efeitos da precesso do jato relativstico. Neste trabalho, realizamos simulaes tri-dimensionais do jato de 3C 120 utilizando os parmetros de precesso determinados em trabalhos anteriores e variando as caractersticas iniciais do jato e meio ambiente, tais como densidade numrica e temperatura. Todas as simulaes foram feitas com o cdigo hidrodinmico YGUAZ-A, assumindo-se um jato adiabtico descrito por uma equao de estado relativstica. Pelo fato de estarmos utilizando um cdigo hidrodinmico, ns assumimos que a intensidade do campo magntico e a distribuio de partculas, necessrios para se calcular a emisso sincrotron, so proporcionais presso hidrodinmica. Comparao entre dois cenrios distintos, nos quais o material do jato ejetado com velocidade constante (jato contnuo) e com velocidade modulada por um padro sinusoidal no tempo (jato intermitente), apresentada e discutida. Para jatos que apresentam fenmenos de precesso e intermitncia, com amplitude de variao na velocidade de injeo maior que dez por cento da velocidade mdia de injeo, a hiptese balstica, controlada pela intermitencia, mais provvel. Por outro lado, para jatos com precesso mas sem intermitncia (ou com amplitude de variabilidade em velocidade mais baixa que no caso anterior), o efeito da precesso na morfologia do jato no desprezvel. Portanto, de um modo geral, ambos efeitos (precesso e movimentos balsticos) devem estar concorrendo para afetar a morfologia dos jatos superluminais.
2003-07-01
Temporo Mandibular Dysfunction (TMD) is a term used to describe disorders which involve temporomandibular joint (TMJ), masticatory muscles, and associated structures, isolatedly or not, whose most frequent symptoms pain. Its etiology involve controversies, and among risk factors is Class 11 malocclusion. A lot of techniques are used for TMD treatment, and the most recent are Low Intensity Laser Therapy (LILT) and Functional Orthopedics (FO). The aim of this study was to evaluate pain and buccal mobility in subjects with Class II malocclusion and TMD symptoms, treated with LILT and FO associated or not. Eighteen subjects were selected and divided in three groups. Group 1 was treated with LILT, {lambda} = 780 nm, 70 mW, 15 J/cm{sup 2} per point, in six sessions during two weeks. The application was in three points around the TMJ and in masticatory muscles: masseter, temporalis, sternomastoid and trapezius, on both sides when there was pain. Palpation was made before and five minutes after application and subjects answered a questionnaire with a score for pain evaluation. Group 2 received functional orthopedics aparatology Planas Indirect Composed Plates, and was evaluated once a week during two weeks, after palpation and following the same score as group 1. Group 3 received both therapies at the same time, and the first application coincided with the aparatology installation. The evaluation followed the parameters of group 1. The results were statically analyzed , and in general form did not show significant differences. There was remission of pain symptoms in ali of the groups, and group 3 showed more rapidly results. This fact leaded us to a conclusion that the association of the LILT with FO was the best treatment for the pain symptoms remission in TMD. (author)
2000-07-01
According to the Maxwell's equations to optical properties of surfaces, the energy deposition efficiency in a microroughness interface depends on the electrical field polarization component. Considering a linearly polarized beam, this efficiency will depend on the roughness parameters to p-polarized light and it will not depend on such parameters to s-polarized light. In this work it was investigated the effects of low-intensity, linearly polarized He-Ne laser beam on skin wounds healing, considering two orthogonal directions of polarization. We have considered a preferential axis as the animals' spinal column and we aligned the linear laser polarization first parallel, then perpendicular to this direction. Burns about 6 mm in diameter were created with liquid N{sub 2} on the back of the animals and the lesions were irradiated on days 3, 7, 10 and 14 post-wounding, D= 1,0 J/cm{sup 2}. Control lesions were not irradiated. The theoretical model consisted in describing linearly polarized light propagation in biological tissues using transport theory. The degree of polarization was measured in normal and pathological skin samples. It was verified that linearly polarized light can survive in the superficial layers of skin and it can be more preserved in skin under pathological condition when compared with health skin. The analysis of skin wound healing process has demonstrated that the relative direction of the laser polarization plays an important role on the wound healing process by light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and radioautography. (author)
2003-07-01
The low intensity laser therapy (LILT) has been extensively used in medicine and dentistry presenting positive effects. However, the laser radiation can also cause adverse effects. Due to the ocular focalization property, in the wavelength from 400 to 1400 nm, the retina is more susceptible to damage by radiation than any other part of the human body. Then, the ocular protection is frequently emphasized. This protection must attenuate the radiation to a safe level. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard IEC 60825-1 suggests safety requirements for medical laser equipment, including the ocular protection, based on maximum permissible exposure levels. The Brazilian legislation adopts a corresponding IEC standard, the NBR IEC 601.2.22, for safety requirements. The aim of this study was to analyze the adequacy of the ocular protectors furnished by four laser equipment manufacturers, commercially available in Brazil, commonly used for LILT. For this purpose, the laser equipment and the respective ocular protectors were characterized. The adequacy was verified according to the IEC standards. It was found, among other results, ocular protectors attenuating to safe levels the radiation emitted by the respective laser equipment, however, presenting inadequate visual transmission. Inefficient protection and protection indicated in cases where they were not necessary were also observed. (author)
2004-07-01
Fluoride has been the most important preventive method on development of the caries. This in vivo study evaluated the effects of low-intensity red laser radiation on the fluoride uptake in enamel. Ten healthy participants were recruited for this study. The two maxillary central incisors of each volunteer to be biopsied were used and divided into 4 groups: group G{sub C} (control, which was untreated; group G{sub F} (fluoride), which received topical acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) 1,23% treatment for 4 minutes; group G{sub LF} (laser + fluoride), which was irradiated with a low-intensity diode laser ({lambda}= 660 nm and dose= 6 J/cm{sup 2}) with APF application after irradiation and group G{sub FL} (fluoride + laser), which received APF before irradiation using the same parameters as G{sub LF}. The determination of fluoride was performed using a fluoride ion electrode after an acid-etch enamel biopsy. The results show a significant increase of the fluoride uptake in enamel for groups G{sub F}, G{sub LF} and G{sub FL} when compared to control group. Although a percentage increase of 57% was observed for G{sub LF} with respect to G{sub F}, there were no statistical differences among treated groups. These findings suggest that low-intensity laser radiation used before APF could be employed in the clinical practice to prevent dental caries. (author)
2003-07-01
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of low-intensity irradiation with GaAlAs laser (red emission) on the ultrastructure of dentine-pulp interface after conventionally prepared class I cavity preparation. Two patients with 8 premolars for extraction indicated for orthodontic reasons. Class I cavities were prepared in these teeth that were then divided into two groups. The first group received a treatment with laser with continuous emission, {lambda}=660 nm, with maximum power output of 30 mW. The dosimetry applied was of approximately 2J/cm{sup 2}, directly and perpendicularly into the cavity in only one section. After the irradiation, the cavities were filled with composite resin. The second group received the same treatment, except by the laser therapy. Twenty-eight days after the preparation, the teeth were extracted and were processed for transmission electron microscopy analysis. Two sound teeth, without any preparation, were also studied. The irradiated group presented odontoblastic processes in higher contact with the extracellular matrix and the collagen fibers appeared more aggregated and organized than those of control group. These results were also observed in the healthy-teeth. Thus, we suggest that laser irradiation accelerates the recovery of the dental structures involved in the cavity preparation at the pre-dentine level. (author)
2003-07-01
Different desensitizing agents have been used in the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity, however, some presented treatments are still frustrating. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the analgesic effect of the low-intensity GaAlAs laser ({lambda}= 830 nm) in the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity after mechanical and thermal stimuli, and compared it with the 33% sodium fluoride paste. Thirty two teeth with dentinal hypersensitivity were selected and randomly divided into two groups. For the laser group, each tooth was irradiated by a dose of 6 J/cm{sup 2} during two minutes and half on the buccal side. The paste group was treated with a NaF/kaolin/glycerin (33:33:33) paste by burnishing the sensitive surface during four minutes. The sensitivity degree was measured before the beginning of the experiment, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 120 h, 15 days and 30 days after the first application. The results indicate that the dentinal hypersensitivity significantly diminished for the paste group after dental explorer. Regarding to air-blast, no significant differences were observed between the groups. Both of them were effective in reducing pain of the dentine hypersensitive after 120 h. (author)
2001-07-01
The therapy with laser emitting low intensity has been currently used in the most diverse fields of medicine as therapeutic conduct for pain. It is a non invasive, painless, non-thermal and aseptic type therapy, without any collateral effects, having a good cost/benefit relationship. However, for the therapy with low-intensity laser to result in positive effects, a correct diagnosis is fundamental, as well as a protocol of adequate application. n odontology, the majority of patients diagnosed with temporomandibular disorders (TMD), present pain and limitations in the movements of the jaw. In this work, a GaAlAs laser emitting low intensity, was used, {lambda}=785 nm, in patients having a dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint with a complaint of pain. Twenty patients were divided into two groups. The group treated received laser therapy in the temporomandibular articulations and in the muscles affected. The dose applied was 45 J/cm{sup 2}, while the ten patients in the control group received 0 J/cm{sup 2}, in a total of nine applications, carried out three times a week, during three weeks. he evaluation of the patients was made through clinical examinations of manual palpation of the masseter, temporal, cervical, posterior neck and sternocleidomastoid muscles, and measurements of opening and laterality of the mouth. The results obtained showed a diminishing of the pain and an increase of the mandibular mobility in the patients treated, when compared to the control group. These results point to this therapy as being an important tool in the treatment of pain in patients with a dysfunction in the TMJ, indicating this therapeutic modality as a co-adjuvant in these treatments. (author)
2004-07-01
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of low intensity laser therapy, associated or not to an acidulated phosphate fluoride, on the prevention of dental caries induced in rats. It was used 40 wistar rats, female, weaned with 18 days, fed with a cariogenic diet during 48 days and inoculated orally with Streptococcus mutans by three consecutive days starting from the second day of the diet. On the fifth day of experiment the animals were divided into five groups: G{sub c} (control) the animas were no submitted to any treatment; G{sub L} (laser) irradiation with low power laser (GaAlAs, {lambda}=660 nm, P=30 mW, {delta}t=5 sec, 5 J/cm{sup 2}); G{sub F} (fluoride) topical application of acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF 1,23%) for four minutes; G{sub LF} (laser + fluoride) irradiation with low power laser followed by topical application of acidulated phosphate fluoride; G{sub FL} (fluoride + laser) topical application of acidulated phosphate fluoride followed by low power laser. The animals were sacrificed after 48 days; the molars were extracted and prepared to determine the dental caries lesions area by optical microscopy, enamel microhardness and analysis of the calcium and phosphorus ratio (Ca/P) by energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results were statistically analyzed by ANOVA (p<O.05). It was observed that the percentage of dental caries areas for the group G{sub LF} was smaller than that for G{sub F} and G{sub FL} groups but no statistical difference was observed. There was no significant statistical difference between the microhardness of the G{sub C} and G{sub L} groups and among G{sub FL}, G{sub LF} and G{sub F} groups. Regarding to the calcium and phosphorus ratio, it was not observed significant statistical differences among the groups. These findings suggest that low-intensity laser radiation associated with acidulated phosphate fluoride reduces the caries area and could be an alternative in the prevention of the dental caries. (author)
2004-07-01
This work presents some energetic intensities in Mato Grosso state and in each of its five meso-regions that are in the document produced in 2002 by the NIPE/UFMT (Nucleo Interdisciplinar de Estudos em Planejamento Energetico of the Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso) entitled: 'Energetic Balance of the Mato Grosso and meso-regions: period 1995-2001'. (author)
1996-12-31
An image processing technique to provide a `Heel` effect compensation on medical images is presented. It is reported that the technique can improve the structures detection due to background homogeneity and can be used for any radiologic system 2 refs., 2 figs.
2007-01-15
Oral mucositis is a common, dose-limiting, and potentially serious complication of cancer therapy. Severe mucositis can lead to modifications of treatment planning and even suspension of therapy, with a negative impact on local tumor control and patient survival, increasing the risk of local and systemic infections. The lesions generally develop in non-keratinized mucosa, which is most vulnerable to this complication. Symptoms can range from a burning sensation to severe pain that impairs nutrient and fluid intake. Low-energy laser has been proposed for treatment of mucositis, with good clinical and functional results, accelerating the healing process and decreasing the pain. The aim of this article, illustrated by two clinical cases at the Pernambuco Cancer Hospital in Recife, Brazil, was to report on the efficacy of low-energy laser in the management of radiation-induced oral mucositis.(author)
2007-01-01
Oral mucositis is a common, dose-limiting, and potentially serious complication of cancer therapy. Severe mucositis can lead to modifications of treatment planning and even suspension of therapy, with a negative impact on local tumor control and patient survival, increasing the risk of local and systemic infections. The lesions generally develop in non-keratinized mucosa, which is most vulnerable to this complication. Symptoms can range from a burning sensation to severe pain that impairs nutrient and fluid intake. Low-energy laser has been proposed for treatment of mucositis, with good clinical and functional results, accelerating the healing process and decreasing the pain. The aim of this article, illustrated by two clinical cases at the Pernambuco Cancer Hospital in Recife, Brazil, was to report on the efficacy of low-energy laser in the management of ...
1996-12-31
Portable instruments (ionization chambers type) were tested according to the radiodiagnostic standards of the German Norman DIN 6872. The IPEN (Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil) has considered low energy X-ray system (from 30 to 50 kV) to check equipment. Information such as equipment data and performance are presented 3 refs., 1 fig., 2 tabs.
1996-04-01
This article presents an experience conducted by the Brazilian CELESC - Centrais Electricas de Santa Catarina, by installing two low voltage Si C lightning rods, one near of a batch of distribution transformers, and the other in the protection and measurement cabinet. That installation considered the high number of damages in transformers and meters in a region where 118 days of storm are detected. For the study, two regions presented similar climate characteristics and high number of damaged equipment. The low voltage lightning rods were installed only in one of the regions.
1992-11-01
The main objective of this work is to describe the detailed derivation of a power sensitivity model, suited for the simulation and analysis of the low frequency dynamics in multi-machine networks. The proposed model is based on power sensitivities, used to establish the dynamic power balance conditions at the network buses. 143 refs., 74 figs., 8 tabs.
1996-12-31
Portable monitors are tested in low energy X-rays fields in order to establish standard fields as well as correction factors, since portable monitors are calibrated with gamma radiation of {sup 60} Co and {sup 137} Cs at the Calibration Laboratory of IPEN and many of these instruments are used for X-rays detection even where they show a great energy dependence 1 ref., 1 fig.
1991-01-01
In the Westinghouse Reactors the axial offset must be measured periodically at the reference condition. The measure for reference value can be done at a reduced power level, correcting the result by an adequate formulation. In this paper it is shown that the standard technical specification formulation from NRC is incorrect, what might have lead many plants to operate outside the range established by the LOCA FQ upper bound envelope. (author)
2000-07-01
This work presents a brief discussion about the recent situation of licensing the construction of small hydroelectric power plants in Portugal, and also analyses the environmental aspects as well as the regulating legislation. Both the cumulative and the synergetic impacts from the presence of various hydroelectric plants at the same hydrographic basin are also discussed, with special emphasis to the interference of the future hydraulic resources management. The expected environmental impacts related to both the location and characteristics of the small hydroelectric power plants are important to establish the minimization of the environmental impacts. (author)
1987-12-31
In this article, the authors present the magnetic structure of one kilowatt generator with concentrated flux, having eight poles on the circumference of the rotor. This generator was designed and built at the NERG (Energy Unit) of the Federal University of Paraiba. In the article, the authors present the generator characteristics in conjunction with a static power converter. In addition, some of details of the design are given, including the flux lines of the magnetic circuit and the design of the coils to provide the specified electrical output. 1 ref., 8 figs
2002-07-01
The Angra Nuclear Power Plant, a Westinghouse PWR, had its first criticality in 1982 and currently has reached ten cycles of operation. During such period, an extensive experience in core design and physics tests was accumulated. This paper evaluates the results of one low power physics test, which verifies that shutdown margin is assured in all expected operating condition. The shutdown margin, among other parameters, is verified by measurement of the reactivity inserted by the control banks. This parameter can be checked by several measurement methods. This paper proposes the use of boron difference to measure the rod worth as equivalent to the measurements made directly by the reactivity computer. (author)
Lia Won't: Agency in the Retrospective Pregnancy Narratives of Low-Income Brazilian Women
2008-01-01
RESUMEN O rapido declinio das taxas de fecundidade no Brasil, de uma media de 6 bebes nascidos vivos por mulher em 1965 a 2,5 em 1996, occorreu num contexto no qual o aborto induzido e ilegal e a esterilizacao nao foi autorizada pelo Codigo de Etica Medica antes de 1997. No entanto, mais de um quarto de brasileiras, unidas e solteiras, escolhem a esterilizacao ate os 30 anos de idade. Esta pesquisa analisa narrativas de gravidez de 30 brasileiras de baixa renda, com 25 a 50 anos de idade, com a finalidade de entender como elas representam sua propria atuacao (agency) e a atuacao de outros, em relacao a decisoes sobre a gravidez. O protocolo de analise de agencia (agency), tal como ela e representada nas narrativas, comprende tres categorias analiticas: a agencia do outro, em gravidezes nao...
Fontes binrias supermoles de raios X
Estuda-se as caractersticas fsicas das fontes supermoles (de raios X (SSS), utilizando dados pticos e em altas energias, no mbito de um trabalho de IC. Trata-se de binrias que apresentam espectro X muito mole, baixas temperaturas e altas luminosidades bolomtricas. Esse sistemas so compostos por uma an branca realizando fuso em sua superfcie, a partir de matria perdida pela estrela companheira. Os resduos de fuso se acumulam na superfcie da an branca, e essa pode ultrapassar o limite de Chadrasekhar, produzir um colapso gravitacional, sendo esse um dos cenrios propostos para as exploses de SN Ia. Apresentamos nesta comunicao o estado da arte das caractersticas fsicas das fontes SSS, situando-as no mbito das VCs. Procuramos tambm situar esses objetos em relao s variveis galcticas V Sge, na medida em que os dois grupos apresentam certas caracersticas bastante semelhantes.A metodologia adotada aquela pedaggico-cognitiva clssica de um trabalho de IC na rea de cincias exatas.
2001-07-01
For this study 20 patients with periodontal disease were selected. The treatment required for all of then was the gingivectomy, a ressective periodontal surgery. This technique consists of removing the whole excess of gingival tissue with the intent of reestablishing the anatomy and the correct function. The gingival area was submitted to 2 different wavelengths and then histologically analysed to search for alterations, mainly concerning mast cells behavior, a blood cell responsible, among other things, for blood vases enlargement. During the surgical procedure each gingival area was submitted to infrared low intensity laser ({lambda} = 785 nm) or to red laser ({lambda} = 688 nm), both with 50 mW of power and fluence of 8 J/cm{sup 2}. A third area was analysed, the control area, in which no laser treatment was employed. The samples were fixated in formol, cut and stained by hematoxyline eosine and toluidine blue. Based on the result we can conclude: the 2 wavelengths used in this study led to the reduction in the number of mast cells present in the tissue as well as to the increase on the degranulation of the remaining mast cells, considered statistically significant taken the degranulation index and; there was no significant difference caused by the action of the two laser wavelengths {lambda}=785 nm and {lambda}=688 nm -50 mW of power and fluence of 8 J/cm{sup 2}-, over the degranulation of the mast cells; the length and width of the randomly chosen blood vases were not statistically different among the analysed groups. (author)
2004-07-01
Chemotherapy associated or not with radiotherapy and surgery may be used for treating patients presenting some pathogenies such as cancer. Many side effects are visibly in the mouth in several forms as a consequence of this treatment and oral mucositis is the most common, with great prevalence, causing degrees of morbidity and even death. This research is about improving the quality of life for these patients by using of laser radiation through a GaAlAs active medium, in a continuous manner, with a low power ( 60 mW), the diode laser acting at 780 nm wavelength infrared, with a energy density 7,5 J/cm{sup 2} and 6,0 J/cm{sup 2}, for the therapeutic and preventive groups respectively, and a third control group without radiation. Two protocols were studied in patients during 5-fluorouracil chemotherapic regime and combinations, because nowadays polychemotherapy is used, an associations of drugs, for a neoadjuvant treatment, adjuvant, potentionalize or palliative means, for the chemotherapy treatment. In a context of 60 patients, 16 patients had received the laser irradiations doses, 10 days for the therapeutic protocols and 11 days for the preventive irradiations. The therapeutic group presented a 50% of the total healing process and significant decrease in symptoms of pain (VAS=0 with p =0,01). For the preventive irradiations (D-5, D, D+5), that means the day of the QT, 5 days before the chemotherapy regime starts until 5 days later, only 1 patient had some kind of ulceration during more than four months of control. Results of the present study showed to be effective and promising for both employed protocols, therapeutic and preventive. Further studies must be developed in order to improve the present results. (author)
2006-01-01
The tailings of four of the most important uranium mines of central Portugal - Urgeirica, Cunha Baixa, Quinta do Bispo and Castelejo - were studied for the purpose of evaluation of radon exhalation and radon emanation. A total of 8217 in situ determinations of gamma radiation were carried out in the referred mining areas. The results were used to select representative locations for the determination of density flux, which was carried out in two different times of the year (winter and summer) for a total of 116 locations, as well as to collect 38 representative samples for analysis of radon emanation. (author)
2002-01-01
The powder injection moulding process is a recent technology, which offers as advantages a high production of complex geometry metal parts, with low cost, where secondary operations of machinery are unnecessary. The main of this thesis was centered on a coarse powders feedstock injection. The process begins with the composition of the mass, that is the combination of metal powders with organic binders. The following steps succeed injection in moulds, debinding, sintering and, if necessary, cleaning. For the formulation of the feedstock it is indispensable the characterisation of the powders. This is little mentioned in the open literature and brings up controversy among authors. At first, a series of powders characterisations of AISI 316 L stainless steel (below 25 mum) was adopted. The next step was to characterise the rheological behaviour of the feedstock ...
2008-01-01
ResumoA baixa resolucao do registro sedimentar continental e causa frequente de ceticismo relacionado a aplicacao da geomorfologia e da sedimentologia a estudos do Quaternario. No entanto, quando apoiadas em dados representativos independentes, estas disciplinas podem favorecer a interpretacao paleoidrologica. Este trabalho associa dados geomorfologicos, estratigraficos, sedimentologicos, isotopicos, palinologicos e geocronologicos. Foram investigadas cabeceiras de vale localizadas em planalto do sul do Brasil, sob clima subtropical relativamente ameno. Os resultados apontam para mudancas ambientais cujas idades coincidem com os Estagios Isotopicos Marinhos (EIM) 5b, 3, 2 e 1. Apesar de temperaturas e precipitacoes inferiores as atuais no final do Pleistoceno, as cabeceiras de vale estudad...
1999-01-01
The analysis of the platinum group elements (PGE: Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir and Pt) in geological materials is difficult, due to the low concentrations of these elements (ng g-1 or sub ng g-1) and their heterogeneous distribution in many geological matrices. The determination of PGE has attracted great interest due not only to the increasing utilization of these elements in modern industry, but also to the information that these elements can provide on mantle processes. The determination of very low amounts of iridium is particularly important on account of some anomalous concentrations of iridium in sedimentary rock samples, related to the impact of an extraterrestrial object responsible for extinctions at the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) boundary. In the present paper, a radiochemical neutron activation method for the determination of iridium in ...
2004-01-01
Progressive peri-implanter bone losses, which are accompanied by inflammatory process in the soft tissues is referred to as peri-implantitis. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of lethal photosensitisation with the conventional technique on bacterial reduction in ligature induced peri-implantitis in dogs. Seventeen third pre-molars of Labrador dogs were extracted and, immediately after, the implants were submerged. After osteointegration, peri-implantitis was induced. After 4 months, ligature were removed and the same period was waited for natural induction of bacterial plaque. The dogs were randomly divided into two groups. In the conventional group, they were treated with the conventional techniques of mucoperiosteal flaps for scaling the implant surface and irrigate it. In the laser group, only mucoperiosteal scaling was carried out before ...
Observaes das exploses csmicas de raios gama GRB021004 e GRB021211 com o satlite HETE
O High Energy Transient Explorer (HETE) o primeiro satlite inteiramente dedicado ao estudo das exploses csmicas de raios gama (ECRGs). Lanado em 9 de outubro de 2000, o HETE possui instrumentao capaz de observar as ECRGs desde o UV at raios gama e localiz-las com preciso de ~ 1-10 minutos de arco. As localizaes das ECRGs detectadas so disseminadas rapidamente (em alguns segundos) pela Internet atravs de uma rede de estaes de recepo ao longo do equador. A participao brasileira nesse projeto se d atravs da montagem e operao de uma estao de recepo em Natal, RN, e da participao na equipe cientfica da misso. Neste trabalho so apresentados resultados da observao pelo HETE de duas ECRGs: GRB 021004 e GRB 021211. A GRB021004 foi detectada em raios gama pelo HETE em 4 de outubro de 2002 e localizada em raios-X em apenas 48 s, quando a emisso de raios gama ainda estava se processando. A exploso, relativamente brilhante e longa, durou aproximadamente 100 s. Um transiente ptico de magnitude 15 foi detectado no local da exploso nove minutos aps o evento, e observaes realizadas aps 7 horas determinaram um desvio para o vermelho de absoro de 1,6. O GRB021004 foi o burst mais bem observado at o momento e suas observaes em vrios comprimentos de onda tm sido fundamentais para o aprimoramento dos modelos de ECRGs. O GRB21211, um burst brilhante e rico em raios-X, foi detectado em 11 de dezembro de 2002 e localizado em raios-X em 22 s aps o incio do evento. A durao do burst foi de 2,3 s em altas energias (85 a 400 keV) e de 8,5 s em baixas energias (2 a 10 keV). Caso essa exploso no tivesse sido rapidamente localizada pelo HETE, ela teria sido classificada como "opticamente escura", j que o transiente ptico decaiu rapidamente de R < 14 a R19 dentro dos primeiros 20 minutos e j estava mais fraco do que R23 depois de 24 horas da ocorrncia do burst. Sero discutidas as implicaes desse resultado nos modelos de afterglows de ECRGs.
Estudo espectral em raios-X duros de fontes do tipo Z com o HEXTE/RXTE
Apresentam-se os resultados de um estudo espectral em raios-X de fontes do tipo Z. As fontes do tipo Z so binrias de raios-X de baixa massa (BXBM) com campo magntico intermedirio (B~109G). Esta classe de fontes composta por apenas 6 fontes Galcticas (a saber: ScoX-1, 9, 7, CygX-2, 5 e 0). A nossa anlise se concentra na faixa de raios-X duros (E ~ 20keV), at cerca de 200keV, faixa tima de operao do telescpio "High Energy X-ray Timing Experiment" (HEXTE), um dos trs telescpios de raios-X bordo do Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE). Nossa motivao para tal estudo, uma busca de caudas em raios-X duros em fontes do tipo Z, foi o pouco conhecimento sobre a emisso nesta faixa de energia das referidas fontes quando comparadas, por exemplo, as fontes do tipo atoll (tambm BXBM). Apresentam-se a anlise/reduo de dados e explicita-se a maneira como o HEXTE mede o ru1do de fundo. Especial ateno direcionada a este item devido a localizao das fontes do tipo Z e tambm ao problema de contaminao por fontes prximas. Com exceo de ScoX-1, nenhuma cauda em raios-X duros foi encontrada para as outras fontes, a despeito de resultados de deteco dessas caudas em algumas fontes pelo satlite BeppoSAX. As interpretaes deste resultado sero apresentadas. Do ponto de vista deste estudo, ns deduzimos que a produo de caudas de raios-X duros em fontes do tipo Z um processo disparado quando, pelo menos, uma condio satisfeita: o brilho da componente trmica do espectro precisa estar acima de um certo valor limiar de ~41036ergs-1.
1994-12-31
Ionizing radiations can induce alterations on the immunological response. In order to observe the effects of X-Rays in the susceptibility to intestinal worms infestation, feces of 40 Albino Swiss mice (20 males and 20 females) receiving weekly X-Rays doses of 500 mGy, were collected once per week, so as was collected fecal material of an equal group o mice non-irradiated, for comparison. The results of the coprologic examination revealed the presence of Ascaris lumbricoides, eggs mainly in the irradiated females, having the irradiated group a proportional rate of 30:1, as compared with the non-irradiated group. Eggs of Syphacia obveolata was also found, with a rate of 13:1 as compared with the non-irradiated, and also here with a prevalence among the irradiated females. (author). 7 refs, 2 figs, 2 tabs.
2008-07-01
This work studied copper and zinc oxides supported in CeO{sub 2} and CeO{sub 2}/La{sub 2}O{sub 3}. The catalytic tests for low temperature shift reaction, carried out for samples, showed the Cu-Ce catalyst presents the highest value of CO conversion (50%) and after the Cu-Ce-La catalysts (30%). The other catalysts showed CO conversion in range of 15%. This behavior is related with surface area, and also with the amount of Cu in the surface of samples (author)
2008-07-01
The expansion on E and P area and the raise on importation and exportation activities by sea, cause not only commercial benefits, but also expressive environmental risks. This fact is reaffirmed by the actions of Brazilian environmental agencies in order to control potential polluter activities. However, these agencies are against any activity related to oil spill incidents that operate at night-time or during low-visibility condition because of the elevated risk of accidents on this kind of operation. In the other hand, delays on start response operation can be expensive by reducing recovery rates and increasing environmental impacts. Thus, this paper objective is to analyze studies and reports of night-time and low-visibility oil spill response operations occurred in other countries, concluding that when the right equipment is used, it is possible to start or continue oil spill operation independent of weather. However, before choose to start an operation at night, an assessment should be make to know if the risks outweigh the benefits, remarking that safety is always the primary concern. (author)
2002-01-01
The occupational monitoring of individuals with potential risk of incorporation of radionuclides such as Am-241, U-238, U-235 and Ra-226 by inhalation in workplaces where particulates in suspension can be present, is frequently performed by in vivo measurements of the lungs. The activity calculation involves a comparison of the acquired spectrum with a reference spectrum. The accuracy of the background prediction is critical when the expected activities are close to the minimum detection limit. This is the case of occupational monitoring where most of the activities observed are bellow or very close the detection limit. The use of a inappropriate reference spectrum can lead to false-positive or false-negative results. The variability of potassium content among individuals in one of the major factors in the fluctuation of the count rate in the low energy region of the ...
2008-07-01
Most of Brazilian gas fields are low-permeability or tight sandstone reservoirs and some of them should be gas condensate reservoir. In this type of natural gas reservoir, part of the gaseous hydrocarbon mixture is condensate and the liquid hydrocarbon accumulates near the well bore that causes the loss of productivity. The liquid hydrocarbon formation inside the reservoir should be well understood such as the knowledge of the variables that causes the condensate formation and its importance in the natural gas production. This work had as goal to better understanding the effect of condensate accumulation near a producer well. The influence of the porosity and the absolute permeability in the gas production was studied in three distinct gas reservoirs: a dry gas reservoir and two gas condensate reservoirs. The refinement of the simulation grid near the producer well was also investigated. The choice of simulation model was shown to be very important in the simulation of gas condensate reservoirs. The porosity was the little relevance in the gas production and in the liquid hydrocarbon formation; otherwise the permeability was very relevant. (author)
2004-07-01
The connection of Fuel Cell Power Plants with the utility grid generally needs an electronic power converter for processing the locally generated power and injecting current into the system. Since the source provides a DC voltage, the converter must be able to produce a low-distortion, high-power factor AC current. This paper presents the results obtained with use of a three-phase and a single-phase inverter using low-frequency commutation. An auxiliary circuit is added to the inverter topologies in order to reduce the output voltage distortion, thus improving the current waveform. The main advantages of this approach are the minimization of the switching losses (i.e. high efficiency) and the elimination of the EMI (which avoids high-frequency filters necessary in high-frequency commutation inverters). (author)
1999-07-01
The analysis of the platinum group elements (PGE: Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir and Pt) in geological materials is difficult, due to the low concentrations of these elements (ng g{sup -1} or sub ng g{sup -1}) and their heterogeneous distribution in many geological matrices. The determination of PGE has attracted great interest due not only to the increasing utilization of these elements in modern industry, but also to the information that these elements can provide on mantle processes. The determination of very low amounts of iridium is particularly important on account of some anomalous concentrations of iridium in sedimentary rock samples, related to the impact of an extraterrestrial object responsible for extinctions at the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) boundary. In the present paper, a radiochemical neutron activation method for the determination of iridium in geological materials is presented. The procedure consisted of thermal neutron irradiation of about 500 mg of the sample, followed by sintering with sodium peroxide, precipitation with tellurium and high resolution gamma-ray spectrometry with a hyper-pure Ge detector. The accuracy and precision of the procedure were evaluated by analysis of the certified reference material SARM-7 (South Africa Bureau of Standards) and W-1 (USGS). The detection limit for the analytical conditions employed was 0.004 ng g{sup -1}. The procedure was applied to the reference materials TDB-1 and WGB-1 (CANMET), which present provisional values for Ir, and to the reference materials GXR-3, GXR-5 and GXR- 6 (USGS), which do not present information values for Ir. This work is a contribution to Ir values in these reference materials. As an example of application of the method to real samples, the developed procedure was employed in the determination of iridium in basalts from Parana basin, collected in Bom Guara do Sul, Santa Catarina, provided by the Geosciences Institute of the University of Campinas. (author)
2004-07-01
Progressive peri-implanter bone losses, which are accompanied by inflammatory process in the soft tissues is referred to as peri-implantitis. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of lethal photosensitisation with the conventional technique on bacterial reduction in ligature induced peri-implantitis in dogs. Seventeen third pre-molars of Labrador dogs were extracted and, immediately after, the implants were submerged. After osteointegration, peri-implantitis was induced. After 4 months, ligature were removed and the same period was waited for natural induction of bacterial plaque. The dogs were randomly divided into two groups. In the conventional group, they were treated with the conventional techniques of mucoperiosteal flaps for scaling the implant surface and irrigate it. In the laser group, only mucoperiosteal scaling was carried out before photodynamic therapy. On the peri-implanter pocket an azulene paste was injected and a GaAlAs low-power laser ({lambda}= 660 nm, P= 30 mW, E= 5,4 J and {delta}t= 3 min.). Microbiological samples were obtained before and immediately after treatment. One implant was removed to be analyzed by scan electron microscopy to verify contamination on the implant surface. The results of this study showed that Prevotella sp., Fusobacterium e S. Beta-haemolyticus were significantly reduced for the conventional and laser groups. (author)
2002-07-01
The powder injection moulding process is a recent technology, which offers as advantages a high production of complex geometry metal parts, with low cost, where secondary operations of machinery are unnecessary. The main of this thesis was centered on a coarse powders feedstock injection. The process begins with the composition of the mass, that is the combination of metal powders with organic binders. The following steps succeed injection in moulds, debinding, sintering and, if necessary, cleaning. For the formulation of the feedstock it is indispensable the characterisation of the powders. This is little mentioned in the open literature and brings up controversy among authors. At first, a series of powders characterisations of AISI 316 L stainless steel (below 25 {mu}m) was adopted. The next step was to characterise the rheological behaviour of the feedstock using different rheological apparatus, so as to find the most appropriate equipment to the low-pressure powder injection molding process. The mass has to present a favourable rheological behaviour, which is low viscosity. The results of the physical characterisation were correlated among themselves and with the rheological characterisation. This was undertaken with the purpose of finding agreement among their values. Finally, the possibility of injection of water and gas atomised stainless steel coarse powders feedstock was studied. This presents as main advantage, the reduction of costs for the process. According to the literature, only powders with size below 25 {mu}m are possible to be injected. Hence, starting from the physical characterisation of particles and rheological characterisation of the feedstock, the formulation of an appropriate mass was found for the coarse powders. These coarse powders were characterised by particles below 45 {mu}m. In this case it was necessary to alter drastically the feedstock composition, using high amounts of wax, which lead to unstable rheological conditions. But, it was verified that feedstock constituted of coarse metallic powders which were gas atomised, are injectable, although, these powders resulted in samples with a high porosity level, while, coarse water atomised powders did not present work conditions, being therefore, discarded. (author)
2005-07-01
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF or PVF 2) is a polymer which is known for many decades due to its several properties (optical, mechanical and electric). The objective of the present work is to demonstrate the ability of PVDF to convert luminous signals (from a artificial light source or sunlight) into electric signals, making it suitable for several applications such as sensors or energy converters. In the case of energy converters, converting luminous energy into electric energy (generators), PVDF has received special attention in the field of nano generators, where the inertial mass to be put into motion must be very small as for example in space probes and conversing panels for space applications. Therefore, this work shows results about the electric signals generated by a PVDF thin film due to the pyroelectric effect caused by light photons reaching the polymer. The experimental arrangement includes a PVDF thin film, a chopper, a matching amplifier of impedance and an oscilloscope to monitor and measure the generated electric signals. The following parameters were studied: detector/light source distance, light intensity, chopper modulation frequency and illuminated area on the sensor. A experimental design (24) was used in order to analyze and optimize the results. The best sensibility of the sensor in relation to signal/frequency was obtained when the chopper was operating at 10 Hz. It was also possible to conclude that the generated electric signal increases by increasing the light source intensity. (author)
1994-12-31
This paper was designed to investigate in the rat subcutaneous sponge-induced granulation tissue under low doses of X-ray, the activity of alkaline phosphatase, 5`nucleotide phosphodiesterase and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) enzymes. One hundred and fourteen Wistar rats were divided into three groups, as follows: Group I as control, Group II that received single 7,14 R in split-dosis immediately after sponge-implantation at the third and fifth days postoperatively. Biopsies were taken after 7, 11, 14, 21 and 28 days and the activity of the three enzymes was determined. The results have shown that in Group II alkaline phosphatase had higher activity in the 14th day of tissue evolution when compared to Groups I and III . The 5`nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity in Group I was similar in all days checked, although in Group II the enzyme showed higher activity in 7th day and lower in 21st. In Group III the activity was higher after 14 and 7 days and lower after 28 and 21 days. There was no observation of changing in adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity when the three groups were compared. (author) 28 refs., 3 tabs.
2006-07-01
The {sup 57}Fe Moessbauer spectroscopy is a nuclear, non-destructive technique used for the investigation of structural, magnetic and hyperfine properties of several materials. It is a powerful tool in characterizing materials in physics, metallurgy, geology and biology field areas, especially magnetic materials, alloys and minerals containing Fe. Lately, the Conversion Electron Moessbauer Spectroscopy (CEMS) is widely used in making studies on ultra-thin magnetic films, as well as other nanostructured materials. In case of magnetic nanostructures, low temperature (LT) studies are especially important due to the possibility of dealing with superparamagnetic effects. In this work it was developed a CEMS measurement system for low temperatures (<20 K) based on a solid-state electron multiplier (Channeltron{sup R}) and an optical cryostat (Model SVT-400, Janis Research Co, USA), from which the project was originally conceived at the Applied Physics / Moessbauer spectroscopy Department from University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany. The LT-CEMS system was fully built, tested and successfully applied in a preliminary characterization of Fe/(Eu{sub x}Pb{sub 1-x})Te(111) bilayers with use of a 15 angstrom, {sup 57} Fe probe layer, with reasonable results at sample temperatures as low as 8 K. (author)
Abundncias qumicas de estrelas T Tauri fracas
Apresentamos resultados do estudo de 44 estrelas pr-seqncia principal, para as quais buscamos realizar uma classificao espectroscpica e determinar parmetros estelares e abundncias qumicas. A amostra foi escolhida da seguinte maneira : 21 objetos selecionados a partir de catlogos de objetos jovens, como o Pico dos Dias Survey e o Herbig Bell Catalogue, e 23 objetos selecionados a partir de contrapartidas pticas de fontes de raios X detectadas pelo satlite ROSAT. Dentre 24 objetos previamente classificados como estrelas T Tauri Fracas, apenas 7 revelaram ser realmente pertencentes essa classe, sendo os demais objetos T Tauri Clssicas ou estrelas evoludas da pr-seqncia principal. Esse resultado demonstra que o critrio mais utilizado para distinguir as T Tauri Clssicas das T Tauri Fracas, baseado na largura equivelente da emisso Ha, no suficiente para determinar o estgio evolutivo desses objetos. Para o clculo de parmetros estelares e abundncias, foram escolhidas as estrelas que apresentam caractersticas ideais para esse tipo de estudo, como ausncia de velamento, baixa velocidade de rotao e espectros com razo sinal-rudo adequada. Os parmetros estelares como temperatura efetiva e gravidade foram determinados atravs do equilbrio de excitao e ionizao das linhas de Ferro, e as abundncias qumicas foram calculadas utilizando o mtodo de sntese espectral. Sero apresentados os parmetros estelares e as abundncias de Ltio para toda a amostra, e abundncias de vrios elementos quimicos para 7 estrelas estudadas em maior detalhe
High intensity Discharge lighting; Alumbrado de alta intensidad de descarga
1993-12-31
This paper gets into contact with some fundamentals in the operation of high discharge intensity lamps. There are useful definitions, as well as the study of the operation of high pressure sodium lamps and of metallic additives operating at less than nominal power. [Espanol] Este trabajo pone al lector en contacto con algunos fundamentos de la operacion de las lamparas de alta intensidad de descarga (HID). Se encuentra con definiciones utiles, asi como el estudio de la operacion de las lamparas de sodio en alta presion y de aditivos metalicos operando a una potencia menor que la nominal.
1999-07-01
The energy intensity of a regional economy is dependent on its structure and degree of industrialization. Considering comparable general conditions it is also a measure for the efficient use of energy. Energy consumption contribute decisively to the modification of economical structures and to the decrease in energy intensity. In this context, the aim of the work was to evaluate the energy consumption and the energy intensity in a region of Mato Grosso State, Brazil.
2004-01-01
This paper addresses the hydrogeological risks associated with the now abandoned and most important Portuguese deposit, the Cunha Baixa uranium mine. The operation lasted from 1966 to 1993 and the ore was mined by open pit and underground methods. For low-grade ore heap leaching techniques were used. As this operation was located in farmlands the focus of research was the determination of the influence of the former mining activity on the quality of ground and surface water, identifying the contaminants and their diffusion. It was found that the observed contamination of water and soils is mainly due to acid drainage coming from the mine. Acid generation potential and acid neutralizing potential were carried out from rock samples of the open pit and the mine's surrounding. The role of the microorganisms (Thiobacillus) were also investigated in laboratory tests. The results of ...
2008-01-01
This study presents the first ecotoxicological data concerning the soils of the area surrounding the Cunha Baixa uranium mine. Our main goal was to categorise soils from the area based on their toxicity profiles using a battery of cost- and time-effective bioassays (elutriate approach - Microtox (registered) and Daphnia acute tests. Whole-soil approach - Microtox (registered) and avoidance assays with Eisenia andrei), as a part of tier 1 of an ongoing Environmental Risk Assessment. No acute toxicity was found for any of the 10 sites/soils using Microtox (registered) or Daphnia. On the contrary, the behavioural response of E. andrei was found to be an extremely sensitive endpoint, allowing the discrimination of highly to moderately toxic soils based on their toxicity profiles (as a function of soil concentration). Soils exhibiting highest toxicity corresponded to areas ...
2009-07-01
This report focused the challenge presented for contribution of the reduction process of carbon emission. This document identifies the reduction of deforesting and the emission from the cattle rising and agricultural activities as the main reduction opportunities, representing 85 % of the country potential.
1984-12-31
In this work an preliminary economic analysis is carried out to show the advantage of using geothermal fluids as a substitute for heating. Specific cases for potential and immediate use of geothermal fluids as a substitute for heating oil industrial process heating. Specific cases for potential and immediate use of geothermal fluids in Brazil are analysed. These include geothermal refrigeration, agroindustrial uses, tourism and therapeutic purposes. 7 refs., 2 tabs
2007-01-01
Background, aim and scope. The superficial aquatic system of the Cunha Baixa uranium mine area is comprised by the flooded mine pit (M), which receives the acidic mine effluent resultant from in situ leaching of pore ore, a pond where this effluent is neutralised (T), and a potential reference pond (Ref). As part of the first tiers of an ecological risk assessment that is being performed in this area, the aim of this work was to evaluate the potential sediment toxicity of these ponds. (orig.)
1996-12-31
Tandem systems using commercial ionization chambers as well as parallel-plate chambers developed at IPEN (Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares) Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil) were tested in standard low energy X radiation fields (14 - 21 keV) for comparative purposes 3 refs., 2 figs.
The assessment of groundwater quality and its environmental implications in the region of the abandoned Cunha Baixa uranium mine (Central Portugal) was carried out from 1995 to 2004. Shallow groundwater is the major water supply source for irrigation in the neighbourhood of Cunha Baixa village. Water samples from the mine site as well as from private wells were collected in order to identify the mining impact on water composition, the extent of contamination and the seasonal and temporal groundwater quality variations. Some of the sampled private wells contain waters having low pH (<4.5 5) and high values of EC, TDS, SO4, F, Ca, Mg, Al, Mn, Ni, U, Zn and 226Ra. The wells located through the ESE WSE groundwater flow path (1 km down gradient of the mining site) display the most contaminated water. In the summer season, the levels of SO4, Al, Mn, and U were 50 120 times higher than those registered for uncontaminated waters and exceeded the quality limits for irrigation purposes, presenting soil degradation risks. Nevertheless, this study indicates that groundwater contamination suffered a small decrease from 1999 to 2004. The bioaccumulation of toxic metals such as Al, Mn, and U within the food chain may cause a serious health hazard to the Cunha Baixa village inhabitants.
Medical Direction for Operational Emergency Medical Services Programs
2010-01-01
Abstract This is the official position statement of the National Association of EMS Physicians and the National Association of State EMS Officials on medical direction for operational emergency medical services (EMS) programs.
1996-12-31
This paper analyzes the changes occurred in the energy consumption and carbon dioxide in the Mexican cement industry. For this purpose, the energy consumption and the emissions are broken up into three types of changes that affect the energy demand of an industry: activity, structure and energy intensity. According to this analysis it is found that the Mexican cement industry has suffered an important reduction in the energy intensity as a result of the disappearance, almost complete, of the wet production process, of the increment in the production of pozzolanic cement and in the opening of new high technology industries. With respect to the intensity of carbon dioxide emissions it does not decrease at the same rate than the energy intensity due to the increased consumption of the fuel oil over the natural gas. At the end of this paper an international comparison is presented of the energy specific consumption and of its emissions. [Espanol] En este articulo se analizan los cambios ocurridos en el consumo de energia y emisiones de bioxido de carbono de la industria cementera mexicana. Para ello, se desagrega el consumo de energia y las emisiones en tres tipos de cambios que influyen en la demanda energetica de una industria: actividad, estructura, e intensidad energetica. De acuerdo con este analisis se encuentra que la industria cementera mexicana ha sufrido un importante decremento en la intensidad energetica producto de la desaparicion, casi por completo, del proceso de produccion por via humeda, del incremento en la produccion del cemento puzolanico y de la apertura de nuevas industrias con alta tecnologia. Por su parte, la intensidad en las emisiones de bioxido de carbono no disminuye a la misma tasa que la intensidad energetica debido al incremento en el uso del combustoleo sobre el gas natural. Al final del articulo se presenta una comparacion internacional del consumo especifico de energia y de las emisiones.
1995-12-31
This paper presents an analysis of the trends of the energy use for the industry in Mexico. For the various industrial branches (mining, construction, chemical, sugar, cement, paper and cellulose and glass) the changes in energy intensity (measured as the use of the energy divided by the aggregated value) and in the participation of the same in the industrial Internal Gross Product are presented. This is developed by means of the analysis of Laspeyress exchange indexes. It is found that in most of the industrial branches a reduction of the energy density has been originated. The reasons for the falling of this indicator are structural and of technological change nature, depending on the industrial branch. Nevertheless the classical analysis of the Laspeyress indexes is not sufficient to explain the changes occurred in the energy intensity in the Mexican industry for the last years. [Espanol] Este articulo presenta un analisis de las tendencias del uso de la energia para la industria en Mexico. Para las diversas ramas industriales (mineria, construccion, quimica, azucar, cemento, papel y celulosa y vidrio) se presentan los cambios en la intensidad energetica (medida como uso de la energia entre valor agregado) y en la participacion de las mismas en el Producto Interno Bruto (PIB) industrial. Esto se desarrolla por medio del analisis de indices de cambio de Laspeyress. Se encuentra que en la mayoria de las ramas industriales hubo una disminucion en la intensidad energetica. Las razones de la caida de este indicador son estructurales y de cambio tecnologico dependiendo de la rama industrial. Sin embargo el analisis clasico de los indices de Laspeyress es insuficiente para explicar los cambios ocurridos en la intensidad energetica de la industria mexicana para los ultimos anos.
Environmental Education Strategic Plan
1991-12-01
This document is designed to guide the Environmental Education and Development Branch (EM-522) of the EM Office of Technology (OTD) Development, Technology Integration and Environmental Education Division (EM-52) in planning and executing its program through EM staff, Operations Offices, National Laboratories, contractors, and others.
Environmental Education Strategic Plan
1991-12-01
This document is designed to guide the Environmental Education and Development Branch (EM-522) of the EM Office of Technology (OTD) Development, Technology Integration and Environmental Education Division (EM-52) in planning and executing its program through EM staff, Operations Offices, National Laboratories, contractors, and others.
Environmental Education and Development Division (EM-522). Annual report, Fiscal year 1993
The Environmental Education and Development Division (EM-522) is one of three divisions within the Office of Technology Integration and Environmental Education and Development (EM-52) in Environmental Restoration and Waste Management`s (EM`s) Office of Technology Development (EM-50). The primary design criterion for EM-522 education activities is directly related to meeting EM`s goal of environmental compliance on an accelerated basis and cleanup of the 1989 inventory of inactive sites and facilities by the year 2019. Therefore, EM-522`s efforts are directed specifically toward stimulating knowledge and capabilities to achieve the goals of EM while contributing to DOE`s overall goal of increasing scientific, mathematical, and technical literacy and competency. This report discusses fiscal year 1993 activities.
Environmental Education and Development Division (EM-522). Annual report, Fiscal year 1993
The Environmental Education and Development Division (EM-522) is one of three divisions within the Office of Technology Integration and Environmental Education and Development (EM-52) in Environmental Restoration and Waste Management`s (EM`s) Office of Technology Development (EM-50). The primary design criterion for EM-522 education activities is directly related to meeting EM`s goal of environmental compliance on an accelerated basis and cleanup of the 1989 inventory of inactive sites and facilities by the year 2019. Therefore, EM-522`s efforts are directed specifically toward stimulating knowledge and capabilities to achieve the goals of EM while contributing to DOE`s overall goal of increasing scientific, mathematical, and technical literacy and competency. This report discusses fiscal year 1993 activities.
Environmental Education and Development Division (EM-522). Annual report, Fiscal year 1993
1993-12-31
The Environmental Education and Development Division (EM-522) is one of three divisions within the Office of Technology Integration and Environmental Education and Development (EM-52) in Environmental Restoration and Waste Management`s (EM`s) Office of Technology Development (EM-50). The primary design criterion for EM-522 education activities is directly related to meeting EM`s goal of environmental compliance on an accelerated basis and cleanup of the 1989 inventory of inactive sites and facilities by the year 2019. Therefore, EM-522`s efforts are directed specifically toward stimulating knowledge and capabilities to achieve the goals of EM while contributing to DOE`s overall goal of increasing scientific, mathematical, and technical literacy and competency. This report discusses fiscal year 1993 activities.
Device for regulating rotation frequency of a wind wheel
1982-01-01
The device for regulating rotation frequency of a wind wheel of a wind electrical unit includes two electrical machines (EM) whose shafts are interconnected. One EM is synchronous, the other has direct current. The value of the excitation current of the EM of direct current is regulated from a tachometer signal installed on the shaft of the EM. The outlet of the EM of direct current is connected to an electrochemical storage battery and an inverter voltage transformer. With low wind velocities, only the synchronous EM generates electricity. With an increase in wind velocity and rotation frequency on the EM, at the controlling signal from the tachometer a current is fed into the excitation winding of the EM of direct current, as a result of which this EM creates a braking momentum on the common shaft which reduces the rotation frequency of both EM. The electricity generated by the direct current EM is stored by the battery, and is fed to the consumer through the inverter voltage transformer.
2009-01-01
Abstract Background. The EMS Agenda for the Future describes emergency medical services (EMS) as the intersection between public health, public safety, and health care. The most comprehensive method to describe, evaluate, and optimize these systems of care is using a state EMS data system. A centralized EMS data system can be a valuable tool to identify, evaluate, target, and improve EMS service delivery and patient care. Significant barriers, however, still exist to the standardization of EMS data systems and infrastructure nationally. Indeed, there is no comprehensive measurement of EMS service delivery or patient volume at the national level. Objective. In this article, we describe the successful development of a fully integrated, statewide EMS data system for quality improvement of EMS...
2007-03-15
Uranium mining activities in Cunha Baixa, Mangualde (Portugal), were extensive between 1967 and 1993, with high production of poor ore. Ore exploitation left millions of tons of tailings in the surrounding area, close to human houses. Contamination of the area (water and soil compartment) presently represents a serious hazard to humans and wildlife. The aim of this work was to evaluate the acute toxicity of water and sediments from a pond that floods a uranium mine pit, in two periods (spring and autumn). High contents of metals were found in water samples (chiefly Mn, Fe, Al, U, Sr). A battery of assays was applied to screen the acute toxicity of the different compartments using algae, crustaceans and dipterans. Results showed that the sediments were non-toxic, unlike the superficial water. Water toxicity was higher in the autumn, when the effluent was more acidic, compared to spring. In the water toxicity assays, the relative sensitivity of the test species used was Daphnia longispina > Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata > Daphnia magna. The present study is part of the chemical and ecotoxicological characterisation of the aquatic compartment performed in the Tier 1 of the Ecological Risk Assessment of the Cunha Baixa mining area. (author)
1990-01-01
The spectrum asymmetry, defined by the two energy group collapsed neutronic fluxes, and the total buckling are used as relevant components for a compilation of a macroscopic cross section phase-library. For this, the modified IDX cross section generation code and an isotopic density calculation was used. The results suggest the viability of a consistent, well behaved, zone material and reactor model sufficiently independent cross section phase library. (author)
1996-12-31
Long term thermal treatments (1000 and 2000 hours), at low temperatures (300 deg C and 400 deg C) influence the mechanical and corrosion resistances, the passivation and secondary passivation of duplex stainless steel. This work studies the corrosion resistance using immersion tests, the potentiodynamic polarization curves passivation, and the passivation films by electron scanning spectroscopy 7 refs., 11 figs., 1 tab.
1996-12-31
In this work an evaluation of hardness, frequency and size of cracks formed at the vicinity of the indentations were evaluated for each phase in the sinter using a Vickers microhardness tester varying the applied load. The sinter prepared under controlled conditions in a pilot sintering unit, had been submitted to reduction degradation tests. Microstructural examination of the sinter in respect of crack formation and propagation presented strong conformity with the information estimated by indentation micro fracture technique. (author) 4 refs., 5 figs.
1999-07-01
The central issue of debate was the need to align the energy sector's options and organization with changing global patterns of economic and social development, characterized by the increasing role played by the private sector, greater integration in the world economy, and new economic and social priorities such as efficiency, decentralization, deregulation, and a closer attention to environmental issues. The aim of the work was to present financial analysis of slump income program considering a Brazilian electric utility case study.
1997-07-01
The emissivity of a flat plate type heat exchanger was experimentally determined by means of a compared temperature method. Two kinds of surface finishing were studied: aluminum, and black painted. In both situations, the place was submitted to three heating power regimes: 8.7, 24.9W, which correspond to surface temperatures of approximately 45, 70 and 120 deg C, respectively. The temperature distribution was measured by means of an infrared pyrometer and by thermocouples. By adjusting of the emissivity selector of the pyrometer the plate emissivity was determined. (author)
2003-07-01
Thr free air is the well recognized as the primary standard for the measurement of kerma in the air due to his characteristics to perform the absolute measurements of that entity according to definitions. Therefore, the Institute for Radioprotection and dosimetry - IRD, Brazil used for his implantation a free air cylindrical ionization chamber. Initially, a mechanical characterization was performed for verification as a primary standard. This paper will proceed a full detailed description the point operation of 2000 V found for that chamber and her saturation coefficient.
Acute and chronic toxicity of effluent water from an abandoned uranium mine.
Inactive or abandoned mines represent a significant source of environmental, chemical, physical, and aesthetic impact. Among concerning situations, the occurrence of abandoned or semi-abandoned mine-associated ponds (for sedimentation of solids, for effluent neutralization, or for washing the ore) is a common feature in this type of system. These ponds are a source of contamination for the groundwater resources and adjacent soils, because they lack appropriate impermeabilization. The use of this water for agriculture may also pose chronic risks to humans. In Portugal, these problems have been diagnosed and some remediation projects have been developed. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the acute and chronic toxicity of water samples collected from the aquatic system surrounding an abandoned uranium mine (Cunha Baixa, Mangualde, Central Portugal). The present study focuses on the water compartment, whose toxicity was evaluated by means of standard toxicity assays using two Daphnia species (D. longispina and D. magna). Three different ponds were used in the characterization of the aquatic system from Cunha Baixa mine: a reference pond (Ref), a mine effluent treatment pond (T), and a mine pit pond (M). Metal analyses performed in the water samples from these ponds showed values that, in some cases, were much higher than maximum recommendable values established (especially Al, Mn) by Portuguese legislation for waters for crop irrigation. Acute toxicity was only observed in the mine pit pond, with EC(50) values of 28.4% and 50.4% for D. longispina and D. magna, respectively. The significant impairment of chronic endpoints, translated in reductions in the population growth rate for both species, gives rise to concerns regarding the potential risks for aquatic zooplanktonic communities, from local receiving waters, potentially exposed to point source discharges of the treated and nontreated effluent from Cunha Baixa uranium mine.
2009-01-01
The results of the thermal efficiency on welding by modified indirect electric arc technique (MIEA) [1] of the 6061- T6 aluminum alloy are presented. These values are in a range of 90 to 94 %, which depend of the preheating employed. Thermal efficiency was obtained by means of a balance energy which considers the heat input, the amount of melted mass of the welding profiles, and welding parameters during the joining, especially of the arc current data acquisition. Also, some dimensionless parameters were employed in order to determine the approximation grade of the melted pool, the heat affected zone (HAZ), and their corresponding values with the experimental results. (Author) 13 refs
The L.I.D.I.A. Model : its application to the Balearic Island coastline contamination study
2002-01-01
The LIDIA (Limite de Intensidad de Impactos Ambientales) model was developed to determine intensity ranking of environmental impacts of oil spills. This paper describes the application of LIDIA in assessing the ecological impact of an oil spill on the coastline of Balearic Island in Spain. The LIDIA predictive tool contains several data banks with local data on the coast, geomorphology, marine currents, wind force and direction, abundance and diversity of living marine resources. It was necessary to synthesize information in order to apply the model to the geomorphological characteristics of each coastal area and bathymetry. Data on biomass and distribution of living marine resources that can be affected by the oil spill in different areas, is also collected. The following valuation scales are proposed: vulnerability index, resilience index, and induced recovery index ...
2004-01-01
Objective: to compare dose homogeneity between conventional planning and a simplified IMRT. Methods: 10 patients with ductal breast cancer were selected and submitted to conventional planning and for IMRT planning. Results: in conventional planning the maximal dose points range 9.4% to 22.2%, whereas simplified IMRT found a range of maximal dose point 4.6 to 12.5%. And besides, the breast volume that receive
2008-01-01
Full text: Introduction: Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) is a result of advances in computer sciences that allowed the development of new technology related to planning and radiation therapy. IMRT was developed to homogenize the dose in the target volumes and decrease the dose in the surrounding healthy tissue. Using a software with high calculation capacity a simultaneous irradiation with different doses in a given volume is achieved. IMRT is based on internal planning. Material and methods: 628 patients were treated with IMRT in prostate lesions, head and neck, breast, thorax, abdomen and brain since August 2008. The software for IMRT is the XIO CMS and the accelerator used is a Varian Clinac 6 / 100. IMRT requires a first simulation, where immobilization systems are selected (mats, thermoplastic masks, among others) and the demarcation of the target ...
2008-01-01
Full text: Objective: To analyze the feasibility of high dose assessing acute and late toxicities both rectal and genitourinary in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. Material and methods: Between April 2006 and April 2008 90 patients diagnosed with clinically localized prostate cancer were treated with MRT technique in the Department of Radiotherapy. The analysis included 80 patients, 10 of them in treatment. The total dose received was 80 Gy. One patient received 70.2 Gy (because of previous pelvic radiotherapy). Age average: 65 (r 43-85 years). Stage: T1c: 43 p (53.75%), T2: 35 p (43.75%), T3: 1 p (1.25%). Score of Gleason 10 ng/ml and
Characterization monitoring & sensor technology crosscutting program
The purpose of the Characterization, Monitoring, and Sensor Technology Crosscutting Program (CMST-CP) is to deliver appropriate characterization, monitoring, and sensor technology (CMST) to the OFfice of Waste Management (EM-30), the Office of Environmental Restoration (EM-40), and the Office of Facility Transition and Management (EM-60).
Characterization monitoring & sensor technology crosscutting program
1996-08-01
The purpose of the Characterization, Monitoring, and Sensor Technology Crosscutting Program (CMST-CP) is to deliver appropriate characterization, monitoring, and sensor technology (CMST) to the OFfice of Waste Management (EM-30), the Office of Environmental Restoration (EM-40), and the Office of Facility Transition and Management (EM-60).
It is the intent of EM International to describe the Office of Environmental Restoration and Waste Management`s (EM`s) various roles and responsibilities within the international community. Cooperative agreements and programs, descriptions of projects and technologies, and synopses of visits to international sites are all highlighted in this semiannual journal. Focus on EM programs in this issue is on international collaboration in vitrification projects. Technology highlights covers: in situ sealing for contaminated sites; and remote sensors for toxic pollutants. Section on profiles of countries includes: Arctic contamination by the former Soviet Union, and EM activities with Germany--cooperative arrangements.
It is the intent of EM International to describe the Office of Environmental Restoration and Waste Management`s (EM`s) various roles and responsibilities within the international community. Cooperative agreements and programs, descriptions of projects and technologies, and synopses of visits to international sites are all highlighted in this semiannual journal. Focus on EM programs in this issue is on international collaboration in vitrification projects. Technology highlights covers: in situ sealing for contaminated sites; and remote sensors for toxic pollutants. Section on profiles of countries includes: Arctic contamination by the former Soviet Union, and EM activities with Germany--cooperative arrangements.
2001-07-01
The present document raises a methodology for the elaboration of the Energy Balance of the Metropolitan Zone of the Valley of Mexico (ZMVM), in order to unify criteria and to facilitate the work of entities and investigators, mainly of those that require the entailment of energy and environment. The applied methodology, the consolidated format and the caloric unity facilitates the insertion of the Energy Balance of the ZMVM within the National Balance of Energy. The regional balances of energy have the intention of knowing the energy consumption patterns in the ZMVM and the indexes of energy intensity by sector. They establish the relationship of the indexes of energy intensity with the local and global air quality of the region, performing studies of incidence with the main polluting agents and with the greenhouse effect gases. [Spanish] El presente documento plantea una metodologia para la elaboracion del Balance de Energia de la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de Mexico (ZMVM), con el proposito de unificar criterios y facilitar el trabajo de organismos e investigadores, sobre todo de aquellos que requieren vincular energia y medio ambiente. La metodologia aplicad, el formato consolidado y la unidad calorica facilitan la insercion del Balance de Energia de la ZMVM dentro del Balance Nacional de Energia. Los balances regionales de energia tienen el proposito de conocer los patrones de consumo de energia en la ZMVM y los indices de intensidad energetica por sector. Establecen la relacion de los indices de intensidad energetica con la calidad del aire local y global de la region, realizando estudios de incidencia con los principales contaminantes y con los gases de efecto invernadero.
A existncia de variaes rpidas de brilho em alguns blazares um fenmeno bem comprovado, mas at agora no sabemos ao certo quais so os mecanismos fsicos envolvidos. A maior dificuldade a ausncia de observaes multibanda simultneas que poderiam fornecer vnculos aos modelos. Buscando colaborar com a discusso estudamos o comportamento de dois BL Lacs, PKS 2005-489 e PKS 2155-304, em relao variabilidade em diversas escalas de tempo, de poucos minutos at vrios meses, com observaes simultneas em seis bandas espectrais (ptico e infravermelho prximo). Para tanto dois telescpios do LNA foram utilizados em conjunto nas campanhas observacionais realizadas em 2001 e 2002, cujos resultados so apresentados aqui. As duas fontes apresentaram caractersticas bastante diferentes, inclusive em relao existncia de variabilidade nos ndices espectrais. Particularmente, registramos a primeira deteco de variaes em escalas de tempo da ordem de poucos minutos em PKS 2005-489, com evidncias da presena de um atraso entre as curvas de luz nas bandas V e R e a variao em R ocorrendo antes (o contrrio do esperado no modelo de shock-in-jet). Em PKS 2155-304 detectamos pela primeira vez variabilidade em escalas de tempo de poucos minutos no infravermelho em um AGN. As observaes indicam que as variaes de brilho em blazares so o resultado da ao de mais de um fenmeno, especialmente em escalas de tempo muito curtas. Alguns cenrios fsicos so sugeridos para explicar os resultados observacionais.
NEW ISOTOPES OF EMANATION AND FRANCIUM: $sup 223$Em, $sup 224$Em, AND $sup 224$Fr
An examination of the products of the interaction of thorium with 230 Mev protons revealed evidence for the existence of the neutron-excess isotopes: Em/sup 223/, Em/sup 224/, and Fr/sup 224/. The existence of these three new isotopes was confirmed by identification of their decay products: Ra/sup 223/ and Ra/sup 224/. (auth)
MOTIF-EM: an automated computational tool for identifying conserved regions in CryoEM structures
2010-06-15
We present a new, first-of-its-kind, fully automated computational tool MOTIF-EM for identifying regions or domains or motifs in cryoEM maps of large macromolecular assemblies (such as chaperonins,...Full Text Available
LLL transient-electromagnetics-measurement facility
The operation and hardware of the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory's transient-electromagnetics (EM)-measurement facility are described. The transient-EM range is useful for determining the time-domain transient responses of structures to incident EM pulses. To illustrate the accuracy and utility of the EM-measurement facility, actual experimental measurements are compared to numerically computed values. (auth)
Energy creation in a moving solenoid?
2010-06-21
The electromagnetic energy $U_{em}$ stored in the magnetic field of an ideal solenoid at rest appears for a moving observer as $U'_{em} $, a sum of magnetic and electric energies satisfying: $U'_{em} > \\gamma U_{em}$. We explain this seemingly paradoxical result calculating the stresses in the solenoid structure and showing that the total energy of the solenoid transforms by the expected relativistic factor $\\gamma$.
Communication - An Effective Tool for Implementing ISO 14001/EMS
The Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) received ISO 14001/EMS certification in June 2002. Communication played an effective role in implementing ISO 14001/EMS at the INEEL. This paper describes communication strategies used during the implementation and certification processes. The INEEL achieved Integrated Safety Management System (ISMS) and Voluntary Protection Program (VPP) Star status in 2001. ISMS implemented a formal process to plan and execute work. VPP facilitated worker involvement by establishing geographic units at various facilities with employee points of contact and management champions. The INEEL Environmental Management System (EMS) was developed to integrate the environmental functional area into its ISMS and VPP. Since the core functions of ISMS, VPP, and EMS are interchangeable, they were easy to integrate. Communication is essential to successfully implement an EMS. (According to ISO 14001 requirements, communication interacts with 12 other elements of the requirements.) We developed communication strategies that integrated ISMS, VPP, and EMS. For example, the ISMS, VPP, and EMS Web sites communicated messages to the work force, such as VPP emphasizes the people side of doing business, ISMS emphasizes the system side of doing business, and EMS emphasizes the systems to protect the environment; but they all define work, identify and analyze hazards, and mitigate the hazards. As a result of this integration, the work force supported and implemented the EMS. In addition, the INEEL established a cross-functional communication team to assist with implementing the EMS. The team included members from the Training and Communication organizations, VPP office, Pollution Prevention, Employee and Media Relations, a union representative, facility environmental support, and EMS staff. This crossfunctional team used various communication strategies to promote our EMS to all organization levels and successfully implemented EMS activities through VPP geographic units. In summary, the ISMS and VPP process at the INEEL provided the basic framework of management support and worker involvement to implement our EMS. A cross-functional communication team was established to facilitate the implementation with great success. Communication has been an effective tool for implementing an ISO 14001/EMS at the INEEL.
Communication - An Effective Tool for Implementing ISO 14001/EMS
The Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) received ISO 14001/EMS certification in June 2002. Communication played an effective role in implementing ISO 14001/EMS at the INEEL. This paper describes communication strategies used during the implementation and certification processes. The INEEL achieved Integrated Safety Management System (ISMS) and Voluntary Protection Program (VPP) Star status in 2001. ISMS implemented a formal process to plan and execute work. VPP facilitated worker involvement by establishing geographic units at various facilities with employee points of contact and management champions. The INEEL Environmental Management System (EMS) was developed to integrate the environmental functional area into its ISMS and VPP. Since the core functions of ISMS, VPP, and EMS are interchangeable, they were easy to integrate. Communication is essential to successfully implement an EMS. (According to ISO 14001 requirements, communication interacts with 12 other elements of the requirements.) We developed communication strategies that integrated ISMS, VPP, and EMS. For example, the ISMS, VPP, and EMS Web sites communicated messages to the work force, such as ?VPP emphasizes the people side of doing business, ISMS emphasizes the system side of doing business, and EMS emphasizes the systems to protect the environment; but they all define work, identify and analyze hazards, and mitigate the hazards.? As a result of this integration, the work force supported and implemented the EMS. In addition, the INEEL established a cross-functional communication team to assist with implementing the EMS. The team included members from the Training and Communication organizations, VPP office, Pollution Prevention, Employee and Media Relations, a union representative, facility environmental support, and EMS staff. This crossfunctional team used various communication strategies to promote our EMS to all organization levels and successfully implemented EMS activities through VPP geographic units. In summary, the ISMS and VPP process at the INEEL provided the basic framework of management support and worker involvement to implement our EMS. A cross-functional communication team was established to facilitate the implementation with great success. Communication has been an effective tool for implementing an ISO 14001/EMS at the INEEL.
Communication - An Effective Tool for Implementing ISO 14001/EMS
2004-04-01
The Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) received ISO 14001/EMS certification in June 2002. Communication played an effective role in implementing ISO 14001/EMS at the INEEL. This paper describes communication strategies used during the implementation and certification processes. The INEEL achieved Integrated Safety Management System (ISMS) and Voluntary Protection Program (VPP) Star status in 2001. ISMS implemented a formal process to plan and execute work. VPP facilitated worker involvement by establishing geographic units at various facilities with employee points of contact and management champions. The INEEL Environmental Management System (EMS) was developed to integrate the environmental functional area into its ISMS and VPP. Since the core functions of ISMS, VPP, and EMS are interchangeable, they were easy to integrate. Communication is essential to successfully implement an EMS. (According to ISO 14001 requirements, communication interacts with 12 other elements of the requirements.) We developed communication strategies that integrated ISMS, VPP, and EMS. For example, the ISMS, VPP, and EMS Web sites communicated messages to the work force, such as VPP emphasizes the people side of doing business, ISMS emphasizes the system side of doing business, and EMS emphasizes the systems to protect the environment; but they all define work, identify and analyze hazards, and mitigate the hazards. As a result of this integration, the work force supported and implemented the EMS. In addition, the INEEL established a cross-functional communication team to assist with implementing the EMS. The team included members from the Training and Communication organizations, VPP office, Pollution Prevention, Employee and Media Relations, a union representative, facility environmental support, and EMS staff. This crossfunctional team used various communication strategies to promote our EMS to all organization levels and successfully implemented EMS activities through VPP geographic units. In summary, the ISMS and VPP process at the INEEL provided the basic framework of management support and worker involvement to implement our EMS. A cross-functional communication team was established to facilitate the implementation with great success. Communication has been an effective tool for implementing an ISO 14001/EMS at the INEEL.
Assessment of rock burst danger and application on electromagnetic emission method
2008-08-15
Forecasting the danger of rock burst and guidelines of burst failure by applying the electromagnetic emissions (EMS) method were expounded. A method of determining the critical value of the forecasting guideline of EMS was put forward and the rank of the danger of rock burst was divided according to EMS. Corresponding control measures were put forward. Assessment of the degree of danger of rock burst by using EMS was introduced by an example. 10 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab.
A new form of the no-cloning theorem for harmonic oscillator coherent states
2010-05-26
We give an alternative formulation of the no-cloning theorem that applies to harmonic oscillator coherent states. It says that {\\em unknown} single harmonic oscillator coherent states can not be {\\em amplified}. Conversely it says that {\\em known} harmonic oscillator coherent states can be directly amplified through an universal unitary process. It is also shown that such a formulation is needed for the consistency of {\\em information cloning} proposed by us long ago.
2003-07-01
The present paper has for objective to present the information collected during definitions, development, implementation, testing and operation phases of the Pilot System for monitoring of the Cathodic Protection Rectifiers MS-10 and SP-09, installed on the Bolivia-Brazil Gas Pipeline. The adopted solution for the Pilot System includes, basically, communication through low-earth satellite telephone, inter linked to the public telephone net, acquisition and data transmission system (Remote Terminal Unit) and data reception in the Supervision and Control Room. (author)
Phytotoxicity and genotoxicity of soils from an abandoned uranium mine area
2009-01-01
The great number of abandoned uranium mines within the Portuguese territory led to the production of specific legislation establishing the rehabilitation of these areas and the definition of those requiring prior intervention. Cunha Baixa uranium mine (Mangualde, Central Portugal) was one of these areas and a site-specific risk assessment is being carried out for this mine, following European frameworks. In this study the Ames test with soil elutriates, and emergence and growth assays with Lactuca sativa L. and Zea mays L. were performed to assess soil retention and habitat functions. Levels of metals bioaccumulated in plant tissues, grown above soil surface, during the assays, were determined as well. No genotoxic effects were recorded for soil eluates (1:10 and 1:2, m/v) except for site ...
2005-01-01
The implementation of a standard laboratory of calibration chambers that will serve to radiotherapy activities, radiodiagnosis and radioprotection, depends on the knowledge of physical and dosimetric parameters that characterize the quality of the radiation beam. With the aim of verifying the reliability of the ionizing free-air chamber with variable volume manufactured by Victoreen Instruments, model 481, as a primary standard, a study of the performance of the chamber to x-rays qualities of low energy was developed in this work. These qualities are the ones recommended by 'Bureau International des Poids et Mesures' - BIPM, for daily routine of the calibration service performed by the 'Laboratorio Nacional de Metrologia das Radiacoes Ionizantes - LNMRI/IRD, for calibration of this secondary standard chambers that serve to the control in hospitals, clinics and ...
1996-07-01
The minimal dosage of X-ray that is likely to induce cellular alterations is unknown and there are just a few reports with low dosage in odontologic literature. The authors developed a histomorphological analysis of the submandibulary glands of rat that received low dosage of X radiation. The body of the animals was covered with a lead lamin leaving the cervical area uncovered. The submandibular glands were exposed to 1,80 Gy of X-radiation in a single dose. After 24, 48, 72 hours, 7, 14 and 21 days the glands were excised, fixed and prepared for analysis in light microscopy. Mild degenerative changes and nuclear pleomorfism, mainly on the first three experimental periods were observed. (author). 19 refs., 6 figs.
2007-01-01
Uranium mining activities in Cunha Baixa, Mangualde (Portugal), were extensive between 1967 and 1993, with high production of poor ore. Ore exploitation left millions of tons of tailings in the surrounding area, close to human houses. Contamination of the area (water and soil compartment) presently represents a serious hazard to humans and wildlife. The aim of this work was to evaluate the acute toxicity of water and sediments from a pond that floods a uranium mine pit, in two periods (spring and autumn). High contents of metals were found in water samples (chiefly Mn, Fe, Al, U, Sr). A battery of assays was applied to screen the acute toxicity of the different compartments using algae, crustaceans and dipterans. Results showed that the sediments were non-toxic, unlike the superficial water. Water toxicity was higher in the autumn, when the effluent was more acidic, compared to ...
2005-01-01
The present work was developed with the aim to check the reliability of the free-air ionization chamber with variable volume, manufactured by Victoreen Instruments, model 481 as a primary standard, used by Laboratorio Nacional de Metrologia das Radiacoes Ionizantes - LNMRI of IRD in order to measure the quantity ar kerma. To that were evaluates the uncertainties in each test done with the equipment during the process of its characterization as a standard. The results has a behaviour characteristics of a primary standard, being simple to handle, mechanical construction and showing an expanded uncertainty equal to 0,26%, which, corresponds to a 30 kV quality. (author)
1995-01-01
Seven standard low energy X-rays fields were established, radioprotection level, at the Calibration Laboratory of IPEN. Five of the standard calibration qualities used at the National Physical Laboratory, England, with energies between 16 and 38 keV, and two recommended by the International Standard Organization, with energies of 33 and 48 keV, were reproduced. The calibration conditions, radiotherapy level, from 14 to 21 keV, were also verified. Different portable radiation monitors as ionization chambers and Geiger-Mueller detectors were studied in relation to their energy dependence. (author)
2008-01-01
The circulation in the Ra de Muros, a large coastal embayment in the Ras Baixas region (NW Spain), is studied for the first time using a numerical modela baroclinic model in two horizontal dimensions (2DH) driven by the tide, wind, and river inflows. The model grid covers the whole ra, including the alternately drying and flooding areas of the inner ra. In situ data of the current velocity and direction, temperature and salinity, river discharges, and wind velocity and direction are gathered for this purpose. The numerical results agree well with measurements from an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP); e.g. the correlation coefficient is 0.71 for the velocity component along the main axis of the ra. This indicates that the tide, wind, and river inflows are the most relev...
2006-07-01
This article has the objective to discussing the paper of the appropriation of the solar thermal energy as mechanism of democratization the access and use of energy among the population of low income in Brazil. It argues him that the consumption of energy in the thermal form represents most of the medium energy consumption from Brazilian family. It is verified although these uses, the percentile destined to the heating water gets to represent 22%. Already among the families of low income, given its high cost, this form use of the energy is marginal. It is ended that the warranty of the access and use to an alternative source smaller cost, would facilitate the families of low income to elevate its total consumption of energy. In consequence, an improvement would be verified in the quality of life to these families and, more globally, in the indexes poverty of the country. (author)
2010-01-01
Abstract Medical oversight is a fundamental component of every emergency medical services (EMS) system. The quality of physician medical direction has a significant impact upon the system and patient outcome. The lead agency for the state EMS system is a principal facet of our emergency care system, and the state EMS medical director is a vital component within this comprehensive network. The selection of an experienced, qualified physician for the provision of state EMS medical direction is a critical decision. This resource document provides a snapshot of the status of state EMS medical direction in our nation in 2007 and a projection of the achievable benchmarks for the role of the state EMS medical director in the future. As an informational resource, this tool will assist state EMS of...
2010-01-01
Abstract Medical oversight is a fundamental component of every emergency medical services (EMS) system. The quality of physician medical direction has a significant impact upon the system and patient outcome. The lead agency for the state EMS system is a principal facet of our emergency care system, and the state EMS medical director is a vital component within this comprehensive network. The selection of an experienced, qualified physician for the provision of state EMS medical direction is a critical decision. This resource document provides a snapshot of the status of state EMS medical direction in our nation in 2007 and a projection of the achievable benchmarks for the role of the state EMS medical director in the future. As an informational resource, this tool will assist state EMS of...
Development of a Spanish Version of the Xerox Tagger
1999-11-10
This paper describes work performed withing the CRATER ({\\em C}orpus {\\em R}esources {\\em A}nd {\\em T}erminology {\\em E}xt{\\em R}action, MLAP-93/20) project, funded by the Commission of the European Communities. In particular, it addresses the issue of adapting the Xerox Tagger to Spanish in order to tag the Spanish version of the ITU (International Telecommunications Union) corpus. The model implemented by this tagger is briefly presented along with some modifications performed on it in order to use some parameters not probabilistically estimated. Initial decisions, like the tagset, the lexicon and the training corpus are also discussed. Finally, results are presented and the benefits of the {\\em mixed model} justified.
2004-01-01
The microcanonical entropy $S=\\ln[W(E)]$ is the {\\em geometrical measure} of the microscopic redundancy or ignorance about the N-body system. {\\em Even for astronomical large systems} is the microcanonical entropy everywhere {\\em single valued and multiply differentiable}. Also the microcanonical temperature is at all energies single valued and differentiable. It is further shown that the recently introduced singularities of the {\\em microcanonical} entropy like "microcanonical phase transitions", and exotic patterns of the {\\em microcanonical} caloric curve $T(E)$ like multi-valuednes or the appearance of "dinosaur's necks" are inconsistent with Boltzmann's fundamental definition of entropy.
Electromagnetic Detection of a Perfect Invisibility Cloak
2009-01-01
A perfect invisibility cloak is commonly believed to be undetectable from electromagnetic (EM) detection because it is equivalent to a curved but empty EM space created from coordinate transformation. Based on the intrinsic asymmetry of coordinate transformation applied to motions of photons and charges, we propose a method to detect this curved EM space by shooting a fast-moving charged particle through it. A broadband radiation generated in this process makes a cloak visible. Our method is the only known EM mechanism so far to detect an ideal perfect cloak (curved EM space) within its working band
BK117 series helicopter for emergency medical service; BK117 kyukyu iryo helicopter
2000-04-01
The efficacy of using a helicopter for emergency medical service (EMS) in remote areas or on islands, or in the event of road traffic congestion, has recently been recognized in Japan. In order to address this EMS requirement, Kawasaki Helicopter System, Ltd. (KHS) has developed and completed the BK117 EMS helicopter. Equipment necessary for an EMS mission is installed, such as a Bucher-made EMS system, a search light an external loudspeaker and global positioning system (GPS) navigational support. Patient examination and treatment by a doctor may be performed in flight. (author)
Detecting the heavy metal tolerance level in ectomycorrhizal fungi in vitro
2005-04-01
Eight isolates of ectomycorrhizal fungi namely, Laccaria fraterna (EM-1083), Laccaria laccata (EM-1191), Pisolithus tinctorius (EM-1081), Pisolithus tinctorius (EM-1293), Scleroderma cepa (EM-1233), Scleroderma flavidum (EM-1235), Scleroderma verucosum, (EM-1283) and Hysterangium incarceratum (EM-1185) were grown on specially designed cocktail media prepared by adding various concentrations of different heavy metals namely Al, As, Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb. The heavy metals were selected keeping in view their relative abundance in coal ash and potential toxicity. The fungal isolates were grown on such designed cocktail media. The colony diameter was used for the measurement of the fungal growth. Total heavy metal accumulated in the mycelia was assayed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In relation to metal tolerance ability in general, Hysterangium incarceratum (EM-1185) showed maximum tolerance with respect to growth, Laccaria fraterna (EM-1083) and Pisolithus tinctorius (EM-1293) also showed considerable tolerance to the heavy metals tested. In relation to metal uptake in particular, Pisolithus tinctorius (EM-1293), has reported maximum uptake of Al (34642.58 ppm), Cd (302.12 ppm) and Pb (3501.96 ppm). In Laccaria fraterna (EM-1083), As (130.57 ppm) and Cr (402.38 ppm) uptake was recorded maximum; and Hysterangium incarceratum (EM-1185) has recorded maximum Ni (2648.59 ppm) uptake among the three suitable isolates documented here.
2005-01-01
Summary The early methionine (Em) proteins are members of the late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) group of proteins that have been considered to be embryo specific. The ability of a 646-bp wheat Em promoter to control green fluorescent protein (gfp) expression was investigated in transgenic barley and rice. Seeds of transgenic plants expressed gfp in the developing embryo but also in the aleurone layer. The 646-bp Em promoter also directed strong gfp expression in cells comprising the junction between the endosperm transfer cells and cells of the aleurone layer. Em-gfp expression in transgenic barley showed differences in spatial and temporal control when compared with that observed in transgenic rice. Em-gfp expression was also detected in mature aleurone cells of transgenic barley and rice...
The power management reporting system
1992-01-01
There is no simple way to accomplish the placement of remote Energy Management System (EMS) consoles, considering the design of the current EMS. The proposed replacement EMS will provide remote console capability, however the new system is several years away. A cost effective means of providing the company with the needed data in the interim is via the corporate mainframe computer. The data is readily available anywhere there exists a mainframe terminal. PSI spent considerable time migrating both the EMS and the corporate mainframe to an environment capable of data transfer. All required technology is now in place to facilitate transfers of this nature. Management and various technical groups now use EMS data as a decision making and analysis tool. The project was a joint effort with Information Systems. Without their cooperation, the corporation could not benefit from the use of timely EMS information. This paper discusses the design and operation of what is known as the Power Management Reporting System (PMR).
1999-03-01
The environmental and energy concerns of using motorcycles in urban areas have fostered the rapid development in electric motorcycles (EMs) in Taiwan in recent years. EMs' zero-emission, low noise level and high energy efficiency features provide the promising potential to alleviate the severe environmental pollution problem caused by the existing gasoline motorcycles. This study summarizes the recent developments of the EM. More specifically, this study aims to analyze the potential demand for EMs based on an interview survey using stated preference modeling approaches. Study results show that female motorists are the potential target market for EMs. Developmental and energy-use issues of EMs are also discussed in this study.
Integrating the Integrators - A Roadmap to Success
1999-01-01
The U.S. Department of Energy Environmental Management's (DOE-EM) investments in science and technology, as well as science and technology investments associated with other parts of the DOE are aimed at meeting the Departments cleanup goals. These investments, primarily focused on EM's cleanup mission, comprise the Environmental Quality Research and Development (R and D) portfolios. Synchronizing EM's Cleanup Project Managers (operations facility and process owners throughout the DOE complex) operational needs with EM R and D including the extensive work of the six Focus Areas (major thrust areas within DOE-EM) has been a continuing challenge. This recent initiative to better integrate the R and D program is in response to evolving needs within the Department to apply proven system engineering methods to clarify requirements and define EM's process to effectively ...
Immunity Protection and Delayed Transfer of Patient Care by EMS Providers: A Medical-Legal Analysis
2009-01-01
In emergency medical service (EMS) systems, the transfer of patient care to persons at the receiving facility is delayed when EMS providers stop en route to the facility, or postpone entering after arrival, to perform tasks. When these tasks are prolonged and inessential, the delay in transferring care is judged to be inappropriate. When transfer of care is inappropriately delayed, EMS providers, supervisors, and medical directors may lose the immunity provided by their state's EMS Act. This article analyzes the legal issues surrounding inappropriate delays in transfer of care by EMS providers. Loss of statutory immunity may occur for reasons of public policy, as reflected in case law and under the reasonableness standard. Without immunity, persons involved in the transfer of patients to r...
EM38 for volumetric soil water content estimation in the root-zone of deep vertosol soils
2010-01-01
Electromagnetic induction sensors, such as EM38, are used widely for monitoring and mapping soil attributes via the apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) of the soil. The sensor response is the depth-integrated combination of the depth-response function of the EM38 and 'local' electrical conductivity (ECaz) at depth. In deep, Vertosol soils, assuming the instrument depth-response function is not perturbed by the soil and where volumetric moisture content at depth (v(z)) dominates ECaz, EM38 should be capable of predicting average moisture content without recourse to mathematically complicated, and unstable profile inversion processes. Firstly a multi-height EM38 experiment was conducted over deep Vertosol soils to confirm the veracity of the EM38 depth-response function and test the conco...
Discussion on classification of impulsive EM noises emitted from power apparatus
2006-01-01
This paper proposes an automatic classification system for impulsive electromagnetic (EM) noises. The classification is based on the frequency spectrum of EM waves emitted from partial discharges in power apparatus. This concept is validated by confirming the reproducibility of waveforms of EM waves. In order to clarify the effectiveness of our proposal, six defects are considered: a needle-plane electrode, a strain insulator, a pin-type insulator, FDF (Forced Draft Fan), CBP (Condensate Booster Pump), and COOL-P (Cooling Water Pump). Neural networks are used to classify the frequency spectrum of EM waves. As a main result, these sources are well classified with a recognition rate of 80% or better. This is supported by treating 1000 EM pulses. Copyright 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr ...
2010-01-01
The structures of several Fe70EM10B20 (EM = early transition metal) melts are investigated by ab initio molecular dynamics simulation. By combining size and chemical bonding effects, it is clear that different EM elements are associated with different degrees of structural complexity of molten structure which can be observed in the curves of the concentration correlation function. Moreover, Voronoi polyhedron analysis shows that adding EM elements to the liquid structures leads to topological distortion and influences the fractions of main Kasper polyhedra around B atoms. These structural feathers are closely correlated with their glass forming ability as observed in experiment. We further suggest that the concentration correlation function may serve as an efficient tool to evaluate glass ...
Biological effects and medical applications of electromagnetic energy
1990-01-01
The public is becoming increasingly aware of and concerned about the potential biological effects of electromagnetic fields (EM). This book represents the state of the knowledge in the various aspects of the field; Part 1 of the book deals with the nomenclature and the radio frequency field exposure standards in the various countries and some of their problems. Part 2 deals with the bioengineering aspects of EM fields. The environmental and professionally encountered fields, electrical properties of biological tissues, and experimental and numerical techniques for determination of EM absorption and its distribution in man and animals are discussed. Biological effects and health implications of EM fields from extremely low frequency to millimeter-wave frequencies are discussed in Part 3. The reported links between EM fields and cancer are evaluated. The medical applications of EM fields are discussed in Part 4. Lastly, some misconceptions about electromagnetic fields and their effects and hazards are discussed.
$f^{-\\gamma}$ Current Fluctuations in Organic Semiconductors: Evidence for Percolation
2006-01-18
The $f^{-\\gamma}$ sloped current noise power spectra, observed in organic semiconductors, have been interpreted within a {\\em variable range hopping} mechanism of the fluctuations. The relative current noise power spectral density ${\\cal S}(f)=S_I(f)/I^2$ exhibits a maximum at the {\\em trap-filling transition} between the {\\em ohmic} and the {\\em space-charge-limited-current} regime [Phys. Rev. Lett., {\\bf 95}, 236601, 2005]. Here, we discuss the electronic conditions determining the crossover from ohmic to space-charge-limited transport. These arguments shed further light on the need to adopt a {\\em percolative} fluctuation picture to account for the competition between insulating and conductive phases coexisting at the {\\em transition}, where small changes in the external bias lead to dramatic effects in the fluctuations.
Weathering profiles in granites, Sierra Norte (Cordoba, Argentina)
2005-01-01
ResumenEn la Sierra Norte de Cordoba se reconocieron perfiles de meteorizacion desarrollados sobre granitos vinculados a peneplanicies. Estos perfiles no superan los 2m de potencia en los que se reconocieron varios niveles meteorizacion, a partir de una roca madre similar, que estuvo expuesta a procesos hidrotermales de diferente intensidad. El rasgo mas destacado producido por la meteorizacion es la fracturacion; estas fracturas fueron luego rellenadas por oxidos de hierro y cuarzo microcristalino, que confieren a la roca un caracter brechoide. Los minerales de arcilla son predominantemente illiticos, reflejando la composicion mineralogica del protolito; subordinadamente estan presentes interestratificados I/S tipo R0 en forma escasa caolinita+clorita, estas ultimas originadas por la mete...
2007-07-15
The global warming is an issue of the public goods, and demands an outstanding multilateral action, which must to ensure both efficiency and unchanging transition towards an economy of low intensity of carbon. The new system, which is going to replace the Kyoto Protocol, will have compromises for the developing countries and deep implication in the relative competitivity of the nations and companies. [Spanish] El calentamiento global es un problema de bienes publicos que exige una extraordinaria accion multilateral. Esta debe asegurar eficiencia y una transicion fluida hacia una economia de baja intensidad de carbono. El nuevo sistema que sucedera al Protocolo de Kyoto significara compromisos para los paises en vias de desarrollo, y tendra profundas implicaciones en la competitividad relativa de naciones y empresas.
2005-01-01
In the present work, the multi-gamma emitters 166mHo and 72Ga have been measured by 4pibeta-gamma coincidence technique. The calibration system is composed of a 4pi gas-flow proportional counter coupled to a pair of NaI(Tl) crystals. Both radionuclides were measured by using two gamma discrimination windows, namely (629.9 + 834.2) keV and (2201.6 + 2507.7) keV for 72Ga and 184.4 keV and (711.7 + 830.5) keV for 166mHo. The methodology recently developed by LMN (Laboratorio de Metrologia Nuclear) for simulating all detection processes in a 4pi(beta,X)-gamma coincidence system by means of the Monte Carlo technique was applied to the measurements of both radionuclides, and the predict behavior extrapolation curve was compared with the ...
Monitoring of Breathing Pattern at Rest by Electrical Impedance Tomography
2007-01-01
OBJETIVO La tomografia por impedancia electrica (TIE) permite realizar un seguimiento del patron ventilatorio a partir de una secuencia de imagenes toracicas obtenidas por la captacion de una corriente alterna de baja intensidad. La relacion entre las imagenes toracicas y el volumen circulante no esta suficientemente validada. El proposito del presente estudio ha sido comparar, en un grupo de 13 voluntarios sanos, la correspondencia entre las imagenes de la TIE y la senal volumen/tiempo obtenida mediante un neumotacometro. MATERIAL Y METODOS Los equipos que se utilizaron para las mediciones fueron: a) MedGraphics prevent TM Pneumotach, implementando el software adecuado para registrar las senales volumen/tiempo (prueba de referencia), y b) TIE-4, cuarta version de un equipo disenado por el...
2004-07-01
Objective: to compare dose homogeneity between conventional planning and a simplified IMRT. Methods: 10 patients with ductal breast cancer were selected and submitted to conventional planning and for IMRT planning. Results: in conventional planning the maximal dose points range 9.4% to 22.2%, whereas simplified IMRT found a range of maximal dose point 4.6 to 12.5%. And besides, the breast volume that receive {>=} 7% of the prescribed dose was significantly reduce in IMRT planning. Conclusion: this simplified IMRT planning is an effective form to reach homogeneity dose distribution and practical use in day clinic. (author)
1985-07-01
The effect of five temperatures (15,20,25,30 and 35 degree centigree) and two levels of illumination on growth and photosynthetic activity of Chlamydomonas reinhard II has been studied. The growth of the cultures was evaluated by optical density. Photosynthetic activity has been carried out studying either the assimilation rate of C0{sub 2} labelled with C-14 or the oxygen evolution by means of polarographic measurements. The maximum photosynthetic rate has been obtained at 25 degree centigree for the lower level of illumination (2400 lux) and at 35 degree centigree for the higher one (13200 lux) and at 35 degree centigree for the higher ono (13200 lux). These results suggest an interaction of temperature and illumination on photosynthetic activity. (Author) 37 refs.
1985-01-01
The effect of five temperatures (15,20,25,30 and 35 degree centigree) and two levels of illumination on growth and photosynthetic activity of Chlamydomonas reinhard II has been studied. The growth of the cultures was evaluated by optical density. Photosynthetic activity has been carried out studying either the assimilation rate of C02 labelled with C-14 or the oxygen evolution by means of polarographic measurements. The maximum photosynthetic rate has been obtained at 25 degree centigree for the lower level of illumination (2400 lux) and at 35 degree centigree for the higher one (13200 lux) and at 35 degree centigree for the higher ono (13200 lux). These results suggest an interaction of temperature and illumination on photosynthetic activity. (Author) 37 refs
Hydrochemical system analysis (HCSA) is used to better understand the individual state of and spatial patterns in groundwater quality, by addressing the spatial distribution of groundwater bodies with specific origins (hydrosomes) and characteristic hydrochemical zones within each hydrosome (facies). The origin is determined by environmental tracers or geomorphological and potentiometric maps, the facies by combining age, redox and alkalinity indices. The HCSA method is applied to all 206 active public supply well fields (PSWFs) in The Netherlands, resulting in the distinction of nine hydrosomes and eleven facies parameters?age (young, intermediate, old), redox ((sub)oxic, anoxic, deep anoxic, mixed) and alkalinity (very low, low, intermediate and high). The resulting classification of PSWFs provides a means to (1) predict their vulnerability; (2) optimize groundwater-quality monitoring programs; and (3) better delineate groundwater bodies, by considering groundwater origin and flow. The HCSA translates complex hydrochemical patterns into easily interpretable maps by showing PSWFs, groundwater bodies and hydrochemical facies. Such maps facilitate communication between researchers, water resources managers and policy makers and can help to solve complex groundwater resources management problems at different scales, ranging from a single well(field) or region to the national or European scale. Un systme de classification hydrochimique (HCSA) est utilis pour mieux caractriser la qualit des nappes d?eau souterraine, en considrant leur distribution spatiale et l?origine de l?eau (hydrosomes) ainsi que les caractristiques hydrochimiques de chaque hydrosome (facis). L?origine est tablie avec des traceurs naturels ou des cartes gomorphologiques et pizomtriques, le facis combine ge, indices redox et alcalinit. La mthode HCSA, applique chacun des 206 champs captants A.E.P. (PSWFs) des Pays Bas, distingue neuf hydrosomes et onze paramtres de facis?ge (rcent, moyen, ancien), redox (sous-oxygne, anoxique, trs anoxique, mixte) et alcalinit (trs faible, faible, moyenne et forte). La classification rsultante des PSWFs fournit un moyen (1) de prvoir leur vulnrabilit; (2) d?optimiser les programmes de contrle de qualit de nappe; et (3) de mieux dlimiter les aquifres, en considrant flux et origine de l?eau. La mthode HCSA traduit des caractristiques hydrochimiques complexes en cartes facilement interprtables, montrant champs captants A.E.P., nappes et facis hydrochimiques. De telles cartes facilitent la communication entre chercheurs, gestionnaires de la ressource en eau souterraine et lgislateur, elles peuvent aider rsoudre des problmes complexes de gestion diffrentes chelles, captage isol (champ captant) ou rgion, chelles nationale ou europenne. El anlisis de sistemas hidroqumicos (HCSA) es usado para entender mejor el estado individual y los aspectos espaciales de la calidad del agua subterrnea, evaluando la distribucin espacial de cuerpos de aguas subterrneas con orgenes especficos (hidrosomas) y zonas hidroqumicas caractersticas dentro de cada hidrosoma (facies). El origen est determinado por trazadores ambientales o mapas geomorfolgicos y potenciomtricos, las facies combinando la edad, ndices redox y de alcalinidad. El mtodo HCSA se aplic a todos los 206 campos de pozos activos de abastecimiento pblico (PSWFs) en Holanda, lo resulta en la determinacin de 9 hidrosomas y parmetros de 11 facies de edad (joven, intermedia, vieja), redox ((sub)oxico, anxico, profundamente anxico, mixto) y alcalinidad (muy baja, baja, intermedia y alta). La clasificacin resultante de PSWFs proporciona un medio para (1) predecir su vulnerabilidad; (2) optimizar los programas de monitoreo de calidad de agua subterrnea; y (3) delinear mejora los cuerpos de agua subterrnea, considerando el origen y el flujo de agua subterrnea. El HCSA traduce aspectos hidroqumicos complejos en mapas fcilmente interpretables mostrando los PSWFs, los cuerpos de agua subterrnea y las facies hidroqumicas. Tales mapas facilitan la comunicacin entre investigadores, gerentes de recursos hdricos, planificadores y puede ayudar a resolver problemas complejos de gestin de aguas subterrneas en diferentes escalas, desde un simple pozo (campo) hasta la escala nacional o europea. 应用水化学系统分析(HCSA)通过确定具体起源的地下水体 (水源集合体)以及每一个水源集合体中水化学特征区 (相)的空间分布位置, 从而更好地了解水质的特征和空间分布。水源是根据环境示踪剂或地势和电势图确定的, 水化学相是应用年龄、氧化还原和碱度指数联合确定的。在荷兰全部206个使用中的公共供水井场( PSWFs)应用HCSA方法进行分析, 划分出了9种水源集合体和十一种相参数-年龄 (年轻、中等、老) 、氧化还原 (含氧、缺氧、极缺氧、混合) 和碱度 (极低、低、中等和高) 。形成的PSWFs的分类提供了一个途径, 可用来 (1) 预测它们的脆弱性 ; (2) 最优化地下水水质监测方案 ; 和 (3) 通过考虑地下水成因和流动更好地划定地下水体。HCSA表示出了PSWFs、地下水体和水化学相, 将复杂的水化学模式转换了为易解释的图件。这样的图件便于研究员、水资源管理者和决策者之间的交流, 能够帮助解决不同范围上, 从单井 (场) 或地区到国家或欧洲尺度上的复杂的地下水资源管理问题。 A anlise dos sistemas hidroqumicos (ASHQ) usada para entender melhor o estado individual e os padres espaciais de qualidade da gua, correlacionando a distribuio espacial das massas de gua subterrnea com as origens especficas (hidrossomas) e as zonas hidroqumicas caractersticas dentro de cada hidrossoma (fcies). A origem determinada atravs de traadores ambientais ou por mapas geomorfolgicos e potenciomtricos, e a fcies por uma combinao da idade e dos ndices redox e alcalinidade. O mtodo ASHQ aplicado a todos os 206 campos de captao de gua para abastecimento pblico activas (CCAAPs) na Holanda, resultando na distino de nove hidrossomas e onze parmetros de fcies?idade (jovens, intermdias, antigas), redox ((sub)xicas, anxicas, muito anxicas, mistas) e alcalinidade (muito baixa, baixa, intermdia e alta). A classificao resultante para os CCAAPs providenciam os meios para (1) predizer a sua vulnerabilidade; (2) optimizar a qualidade dos programas de monitorizao de gua subterrnea; e (3) delinear melhor as massas de gua subterrnea, ao considerar a origem e o fluxo das guas subterrneas. A ASHQ traduz padres hidroqumicos complexos em mapas facilmente interpretados, mostrando os CCAAPs, as massas de gua subterrnea e as fcies hidroqumicas. Estes mapas facilitam a comunicao entre cientistas, gestores de guas subterrneas e legisladores, e pode ajudar a resolver problemas complexos de gesto de recursos hdricos subterrneos a diferentes escalas, desde uma nica captao (ou campo de captaes), a escalas regionais, nacionais ou europeias.
Wallops Environmental Management Manual (WFF-EM-001) - WALLOPS ...
The scope of the Wallops EMS includes all activities, products, ..... GPR 8500.1 Environmental Impact Planning and Assessment ... electronic database. The Environmental Office shall review the database at least annually (see ...
Structure of Matter, Forces, EM Waves, Spectroscopy, Doppler Effect
These supplemental class notes cover the basic properties of matter, the nature of forces, the electromagnetic spectrum, and how astronomers exploit the properties of the EM spectrum to deduce the physical nature of distant objects.
Risk reduction and the privatization option: First principles.
The Department of Energy's Office of Environmental Restoration and Waste Management (EM) faces a challenging mission. To increase efficiency, EM is undertaking a number of highly innovative initiatives--two of which are of particular importance to the pre...
1994-09-01
The comparison of EM10 base metal with other commercial ferritic-martensitic nuances (EM12, F17, 1.4914, T91, HT9) shows that the fully martensitic steels exhibit the lowest swelling and DBTT values and that, in this class of materials, the unstabilized 9Cr EM10 displays a particularly good behaviour from a mechanical and microstructural point of view. Pre- and post-irradiation characterizations were performed on TIG and electron beam EM10/EM10 welds in as-received or stress-relieved'' conditions. After irradiation at 65 dpa and 732 K in Phenix, it is shown that the mechanical properties of the irradiated EB (annealed or not annealed) and annealed TIG welds are not very different from the values obtained on the irradiated base metal. On the contrary, the as-welded TIG samples exhibit a higher mechanical resistance related to a lower ductility. ((orig.))
1994-01-01
The comparison of EM10 base metal with other commercial ferritic-martensitic nuances (EM12, F17, 1.4914, T91, HT9) shows that the fully martensitic steels exhibit the lowest swelling and DBTT values and that, in this class of materials, the unstabilized 9Cr EM10 displays a particularly good behaviour from a mechanical and microstructural point of view. Pre- and post-irradiation characterizations were performed on TIG and electron beam EM10/EM10 welds in as-received or ''stress-relieved'' conditions. After irradiation at 65 dpa and 732 K in Phenix, it is shown that the mechanical properties of the irradiated EB (annealed or not annealed) and annealed TIG welds are not very different from the values obtained on the irradiated base metal. On the contrary, the as-welded TIG samples exhibit a higher mechanical resistance related to a lower ductility. ((orig.))
To ensure research and development programs focus on the most pressing environmental restoration and waste management problems at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), the Assistant Secretary for the Office of Environmental Management (EM) established a working group in August 1993 to implement a new approach to research and technology development. As part of this new approach, EM developed a management structure and principles that led to the creation of specific Focus Areas. These organizations were designed to focus the scientific and technical talent throughout DOE and the national scientific community on the major environmental restoration and waste management problems facing DOE. The Focus Area approach provides the framework for intersite cooperation and leveraging of resources on common problems. After the original establishment of five major Focus Areas within the Office of Technology Development (EM-50, now called the Office of Science and Technology), the Nuclear Materials Stabilization Task Group (EM-66) followed the structure already in place in EM-50 and chartered the Plutonium Focus Area (PFA). The following information outlines the scope and mission of the EM, EM-60, and EM-66 organizations as related to the PFA organizational structure.
Model Selection Criteria for Missing-Data Problems Using the EM Algorithm
2008-12-01
We consider novel methods for the computation of model selection criteria in missing-data problems based on the output of the EM algorithm. The methodology is very general and can be applied...Full Text Available
Krifka [1993] has suggested that focus should be seen as a means of providing material for a range of semantic and pragmatic functions to work on, rather than as a specific semantic or pragmatic function itself. The current paper describes an implementation of this general idea, and applies it to the interpretation of {\\em only} and {\\em not}.
Exploration of Parameters in Cryo-EM Leading to an Improved Density Map of the E. coli Ribosome
2008-10-01
A number of image processing parameters in the 3D reconstruction of a ribosome complex from a cryo-EM data set were varied to test their effects on the final resolution. The parameters examined...Full Text Available
Electromagnetic dissociation and space radiation
2007-01-01
Relativistic nucleus-nucleus reactions occur mainly through the strong or electromagnetic (EM) interactions. Transport codes often neglect the latter. This work shows the importance of including EM interactions for space radiation applications.
Electromagnetic Dissociation and Space Radiation
2006-12-08
Relativistic nucleus-nucleus reactions occur mainly through the Strong or Electromagnetic (EM) interactions. Transport codes often neglect the latter. This work shows the importance of including EM interactions for space radiation applications.
EM International, July 1994, Volume 2
The Office of Environmental Management (EM) at the Department of Energy (DOE) is seeking out and leveraging foreign technology, data, and resources in keeping with EM`s mandate to protect public health and the environment through the safe and cost-effective remediation of the Department`s nuclear weapons sites. EM works closely with foreign governments, industry, and universities to obtain innovative environmental technologies, scientific and engineering expertise, and operations experience that will support EM`s objectives. Where appropriate, these international resources are used to manage the more urgent risks at our sites, secure a safe workplace, help build consensus on critical issues, and strengthen our technology development program. Through international agreements EM engages in cooperative exchange of information, technology, and individuals. Currently, we are managing agreements with a dozen countries in Europe, Latin America, and Asia. These agreements focus on environmental restoration, waste management, transportation of radioactive wastes, and decontamination and decommissioning. This publication contains the following articles: in situ remediation integrated program; in-situ characterization and inspection of tanks; multimedia environmental pollutant assessment system (MEPAS); LLNL wet oxidation -- AEA technology. Besides these articles, this publication covers: EU activities with Russia; technology transfer activities; and international organization activities.
EM International, July 1994, Volume 2
The Office of Environmental Management (EM) at the Department of Energy (DOE) is seeking out and leveraging foreign technology, data, and resources in keeping with EM`s mandate to protect public health and the environment through the safe and cost-effective remediation of the Department`s nuclear weapons sites. EM works closely with foreign governments, industry, and universities to obtain innovative environmental technologies, scientific and engineering expertise, and operations experience that will support EM`s objectives. Where appropriate, these international resources are used to manage the more urgent risks at our sites, secure a safe workplace, help build consensus on critical issues, and strengthen our technology development program. Through international agreements EM engages in cooperative exchange of information, technology, and individuals. Currently, we are managing agreements with a dozen countries in Europe, Latin America, and Asia. These agreements focus on environmental restoration, waste management, transportation of radioactive wastes, and decontamination and decommissioning. This publication contains the following articles: in situ remediation integrated program; in-situ characterization and inspection of tanks; multimedia environmental pollutant assessment system (MEPAS); LLNL wet oxidation -- AEA technology. Besides these articles, this publication covers: EU activities with Russia; technology transfer activities; and international organization activities.
EM International, July 1994, Volume 2
1994-10-01
The Office of Environmental Management (EM) at the Department of Energy (DOE) is seeking out and leveraging foreign technology, data, and resources in keeping with EM`s mandate to protect public health and the environment through the safe and cost-effective remediation of the Department`s nuclear weapons sites. EM works closely with foreign governments, industry, and universities to obtain innovative environmental technologies, scientific and engineering expertise, and operations experience that will support EM`s objectives. Where appropriate, these international resources are used to manage the more urgent risks at our sites, secure a safe workplace, help build consensus on critical issues, and strengthen our technology development program. Through international agreements EM engages in cooperative exchange of information, technology, and individuals. Currently, we are managing agreements with a dozen countries in Europe, Latin America, and Asia. These agreements focus on environmental restoration, waste management, transportation of radioactive wastes, and decontamination and decommissioning. This publication contains the following articles: in situ remediation integrated program; in-situ characterization and inspection of tanks; multimedia environmental pollutant assessment system (MEPAS); LLNL wet oxidation -- AEA technology. Besides these articles, this publication covers: EU activities with Russia; technology transfer activities; and international organization activities.
E.M. and Hadronic Shower Simulation with FLUKA
2005-10-03
A description of the main features of e.m. and hadronic shower simulation models used in the FLUKA code is summarized and some recent applications are discussed. The general status of the FLUKA project is also reported.
DOE-EM privatization and the 2006 Plan: Principles for procurement policies and risk management.
The Department of Energy's Office of Environmental Remediation and Waste Management (EM) has recently set in place programs to restructure the strategic planning mechanism that will drive its clean-up schedule, The 2006 Plan, and to create a new set of bu...
Bring 'em Back Alive is a series of activities that demonstrate various techniques for capturing free-living microbes from the environment. The series is part of Living in the Microbial World, a Teacher Enhancement Workshop held at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, MA.
... da comunidade cientfica do Estado de So Paulo em torno das premissas preconizadas pela Conveno sobre a Diversidade Biolgica, assinada durante a ECO-92 e ratificada pelo Congresso Nacional em 1994. Os ...
A Double Layer Electromagnetic Cloak And GL EM Modeling
2009-07-07
In this paper, we propose a novel electromagnetic (EM) cloaking structure that consists of two annular layers between three spherical shells and model its performance numerically and theoretically by using a Global and Local EM field (GL) method. The two annular layers contain distinct cloaking materials: the outer layer provides invisibility; the inner layer is fully absorbing. The cloaking materials are weakly degenerative. The wavefield from an EM source located outside the cloak propagates as in free space outside the outer shell, never be disturbed by the cloak and does not penetrate into the inner absorbing layer and concealment. The field of a source located inside inner layer or the cloaked concealment is completely absorbed by the inner layer and never reaches the outside of the middle shell, Moreover, the EM wavefield excited in concealment is not disrupted by the cloak. There exists no Maxwell EM wavefield can be excited in a single layer cloaked concealment which is filled by normal material. Moreover, we find a negative dielectric and positive susceptibility metamaterial to fill into the concealment, such that the interior EM wave propagates from the concealment to free space through the single layer cloak. Therefore, the double layer cloak is important and necessary for complete invisibility. Numerical simulations and theoretical analysis verifying these properties are performed using the GL EM modeling method tha t we described in this paper.
Relationships between early maladaptive schemas and psychosocial developmental task resolution
2010-01-01
In schema therapy, early maladaptive schemas (EMS) are hypothesized to be the result of adverse relational experiences in childhood that hinder the resolution of important psychological developmental tasks. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationships between EMS and the resolution of the developmental tasks that are described in Eriksons scheme of personality development. One hundred and forty-five adult psychiatric outpatients completed measures of EMS and resolution of psychosocial development tasks at two occasions. Results from correlational and regression analyses showed that EMS are generally associated with unsuccessful psychosocial task resolution. Furthermore, schema change predicted changes in the resolution of developmental tasks. These findings give suppor...
New industrial management standards to meet environmental needs -- ISO 14000
1997-12-31
International efforts are undertaken to support developing countries and those undergoing economic transition in implementing the environmental management systems (EMS) mainly ISO 14000. EMS can create a diversity of benefits for the industries as well as for the society. Most evident are improvements in the competitiveness through cost reduction or efficiency-improvement and reduction in the environment burden. International organizations such as World Bank, UNEP, UNDP and the Asian Development Bank are actively assisting many developing countries to initiate the EMS and the Cleaner Production (CP) projects. In China, both environmental and industrial development will join forces in fostering the implementation of EMS/CP.
1994-08-01
This DOE limited technical standard establishes uniform Office of Environmental Management (EM) guidance on hazards baseline documents that identify and control radiological and nonradiological hazards for all EM facilities. It provides a road map to the safety and health hazard identification and control requirements contained in the Department`s orders and provides EM guidance on the applicability and integration of these requirements. This includes a definition of four classes of facilities (nuclear, non-nuclear, radiological, and other industrial); the thresholds for facility hazard classification; and applicable safety and health hazard identification, controls, and documentation. The standard applies to the classification, development, review, and approval of hazard identification and control documentation for EM facilities.
Electromagnetic Wormholes and Virtual Magnetic Monopoles from Metamaterials
We describe new configurations of electromagnetic (EM) material parameters, the electric permittivity ? and magnetic permeability ?, which allow one to construct devices that function as invisible tunnels. These allow EM wave propagation between the regions at the two ends of a tunnel, but the tunnels themselves and the regions they enclose are not detectable to lateral EM observations. Such devices act as wormholes with respect to Maxwell?s equations and effectively change the topology of space vis--vis EM wave propagation. We suggest several applications, including devices behaving as virtual magnetic monopoles, invisible cables, and scopes for MRI-assisted surgery.
Development of electromagnetic wave absorbers with alnico magnets
2004-01-01
We suggest a cast Alnico magnet as a new EM wave absorber. The proposed Alnico EM wave absorber shows advanced EM wave absorption properties of 24 dB at 15 GHz, 24 dB at 8.1 GHz, and 24 dB at 5.1 GHz for thicknesses of 1 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm respectively. We also investigated the effects of the carbon and the Alnico contents and of the thickness dependence on the EM wave absorption properties
1981-01-01
The present investigation is an attempt to study the mutagenic efficiency of gamma rays, ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) and hydrazine hydrate (HZ) in the var, PS-16 of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus Roxb.). Mutagenic efficiency as measured by the percentage of mutated families divided by either injury, sterility and lethality was higher at the lower doses of mutagens used. The mutation rate enhanced in the combination treatments of EMS and HZ with gamma rays. Gamma rays were found to be more efficient than EMS and HZ for the seedling injury and seed sterility. Whereas HZ was more efficient than EMS and gamma rays for lethality.
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