bacteria-associated chemical cues: Topics by WorldWideScience.org

Influence of Species Specificity and Other Factors on Bacteria Associated with the Coral Stylophora pistillata in Taiwan ?

BackgroundThe successful interaction of bacterial pathogens with host tissues requires the sensing of specific chemical and physical cues. The human gut contains a huge number of...Full Text Available

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Host plant odor extracts with strong effects on oviposition behavior in Papilio polyxenes

Species of bacteria associated with Stylophora pistillata were determined by analyses of 16S ribosomal genes. Coral samples were taken from two distinct sites at Kenting, in the far...Full Text Available

2009-12-01

3

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Ovipositing females of the black swallowtail butterfly, Papilio polyxenes Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae: Papilioninae), have an innate response to contact chemical cues, but it was not known how naive females would respond to volatile host plant chemicals. Naive and experienced females were tested in a free-flight experiment using model plants and volatile extracts from two hosts, carrot [Daucus carota L. (Apiaceae)] and poison hemlock [Conium maculatum L. (Apiaceae)], and one non-host, fava bean [Vicia faba L. (Fabaceae)]. Naive females responded to both host plant extracts with more approaches and landings than to non-host extracts, with poison hemlock receiving more responses than carrot. Females experienced with one of the two host plants also approached and landed freq...

2008-01-01

4

Comparative analysis of nitrifying bacteria associated with freshwater and marine aquaria.

Antimicrobial susceptibilities of bacteria associated with periodontal disease.

Three nucleic acid probes, two for autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria of the beta subdivision of the class Proteobacteria and one for alpha subdivision nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, were developed...Full Text Available

1996-08-01

5

Subjective scaling of spatial room acoustic parameters influenced by visual environmental cues

A total of 193 bacterial strains were tested for their susceptibilities to 14 antimicrobial agents. Penicillin G was active at 2 U/ml against 98% of the oral isolates. Other antibiotics with good activity...Full Text Available

1983-03-01

6

Bayesian Cue Integration as a Developmental Outcome of Reward Mediated Learning

Although there have been numerous studies investigating subjective spatial impression in rooms, only a few of those studies have addressed the influence of visual cues on the judgment of auditory measures....Full Text Available

2010-10-01

7

Operational Constraints on the Utility of Virtual Audio Cueing

Average human behavior in cue combination tasks is well predicted by Bayesian inference models. As this capability is acquired over developmental timescales, the question arises, how it is learned....Full Text Available

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Spatial water maze learning using celestial cues by the meadow vole, Microtus pennsylvanicus.

... conditions. the Air Force Research Laboratory's Aural Displays and The advent of virtual audio technology provides as many ...

1999-09-01

9

The Morris water maze is widely used to evaluate to evaluate the spatial learning ability of rodents under laboratory settings. The present study demonstrates that reproductive male meadow voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus, are able to acquire and retain a spatial water maze task using celestial cues. Voles were able to acquire a modified outdoor Morris water maze task over 4 trials per day, whereby they had to learn and remember the location of a submerged hidden platform, using the position of the sun and associated celestial cues. Their proficiency on this task was related to the availability of the celestial cues, with voles displaying significantly poorer spatial navigation on overcast than clear days and when the testing time (and position of the sun and associated celestial cues) was shifted from morning to afternoon. These findings with meadow voles support the ecological relevance of the water ...

1994-03-31

10

Filopodia

Confidence-Based Performance Assessments for the BMDO ...

The processes of neuronal outgrowth and guidance have typically been studied in classic 2D cell culture systems that do not recapitulate topographical cues present in the in vivo extracellular matrix...Full Text Available

2011-07-01

11

2011 Critical Use Exemption Nominations from the Phaseout of...

... Notes Papers from the Proceedings AIAA 2nd Biennial ... Based (GB) Lower Tier Weapon System clearly ... are too short for space-based cueing to be ...

2001-03-27

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Proteomic Profiling of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Responses to Mechanical Strain and TGF-B1

transmitted to the Ozone Secretariat of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) its sixth nomination for a critical use exemption (CUE) from the phaseout of methyl...

2011-02-08

13

Visually Mediated Odor Tracking During Flight in Drosophila

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a potential source of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) for constructing tissue-engineered vascular grafts. However, the details of how specific combinations of vascular microenvironmental factors regulate MSCs are not well understood. Previous studies have suggested that both mechanical stimulation with uniaxial cyclic strain and chemical stimulation with transforming growth factor {beta}1 (TGF-{beta}1) can induce smooth muscle markers in MSCs. In this study, we investigated the combined effects of uniaxial cyclic strain and TGF-{beta}1 stimulation on MSCs. By using a proteomic analysis, we found differential regulation of several proteins and genes, such as the up-regulation of TGF-{beta}1-induced protein ig-h3 (BGH3) protein levels by TGF-{beta}1 and up-regulation of calponin 3 protein level by cyclic strain. At the gene expression level, BGH3 was induced by TGF-{beta}1, but calponin 3 was not significantly regulated by mechanical ...

2009-10-12

14

Transcriptional coactivator PGC-1? promotes peroxisomal remodeling and biogenesis

Flying insects use visual cues to stabilize their heading in a wind stream. Many animals additionally track odors carried in the wind. As such, visual stabilization of upwind tracking directly aids...Full Text Available

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Sonic hedgehog controls growth of external genitalia by regulating cell cycle kinetics

Mitochondria and peroxisomes execute some analogous, nonredundant functions including fatty acid oxidation and detoxification of reactive oxygen species, and, in response to select metabolic cues, undergo...Full Text Available

2010-11-23

16

Perceived association between diagnostic and non-diagnostic cues of women's sexual interest: General Recognition Theory predictors of risk for sexual coercion

During embryonic development, cells are instructed which position to occupy, they interpret these cues as differentiation programmes, and expand these patterns by growth. Sonic hedgehog...Full Text Available

2010-06-01

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OLFACTORY CUES ARE SUFFICIENT TO ELICIT SOCIAL APPROACH BEHAVIORS BUT NOT SOCIAL TRANSMISSION OF FOOD PREFERENCE IN C57BL/6J MICE

Young men's errors in sexual perception have been linked to sexual coercion. The current investigation sought to explicate the perceptual and decisional sources of these social perception errors,...Full Text Available

2010-01-01

18

Muscle satellite cell proliferation and association: new insights from myofiber time-lapse imaging

Mouse models for the study of autistic-like behaviors are increasingly needed to test hypotheses about the causes of autism, and to evaluate potential treatments. Both the automated 3-chambered...Full Text Available

2008-11-21

19

Making simple sentences hard: Verb bias effects in simple direct object sentences

BackgroundAs the resident stem cells of skeletal muscle, satellite cells are activated by extracellular cues associated with local damage. Once activated, satellite cells will re-enter...Full Text Available

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Impaired Perinatal Growth and Longevity: A Life History Perspective

Constraint-based lexical models of language processing assume that readers resolve temporary ambiguities by relying on a variety of cues, including particular knowledge of how verbs combine...Full Text Available

2009-04-01

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EphB Receptors Couple Dendritic Filopodia Motility to Synapse Formation

Life history theory proposes that early-life cues induce highly integrated responses in traits associated with energy partitioning, maturation, reproduction, and aging such that the individual phenotype...Full Text Available

2009-01-01

22

EARLY FLOWERING3 Encodes a Novel Protein That Regulates Circadian Clock Function and Flowering in Arabidopsis

SUMMARYMotile dendritic filopodial processes are thought to be precursors of spine synapses, but how motility relates to cell-surface cues required for axon-dendrite recognition...Full Text Available

2008-07-10

23

Clarifying the Factors that Undermine Behavioral Inhibition System Functioning in Psychopathy

Higher plants use photoperiodic cues to regulate many aspects of development, including the transition from vegetative to floral development. The EARLY FLOWERING3 (ELF3)...Full Text Available

2001-06-01

24

Analysis of the astray/robo2 zebrafish mutant reveals that degenerating tracts do not provide strong guidance cues for regenerating optic axons

Psychopathic individuals are generally unresponsive to motivational and emotional cues that facilitate behavioral regulation. A putative mechanism for this deficiency is Gray’s (1971)...Full Text Available

2010-10-01

25

Aging of the Hair Follicle Pigmentation System

During formation of the optic projection in astray/robo2 mutant zebrafish, optic axons exhibit rostro-caudal pathfinding errors, ectopic midline crossing and...Full Text Available

2010-10-13

26

Adaptive plasticity of mammalian sperm production in response to social experience

Skin and hair phenotypes are powerful cues in human communication. They impart much information, not least about our racial, ethnic, health, gender and age status. In the case of the latter parameter,...Full Text Available

2009-07-01

27

Episodic Future Thinking Reduces Reward Delay Discounting through an Enhancement of Prefrontal-Mediotemporal Interactions

Sperm competition theory predicts that males should invest prudently in ejaculates according to levels of female promiscuity. Males may therefore be sensitive to cues in their social environment associated...Full Text Available

2009-02-22

28

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Summary Humans discount the value of future rewards over time. Here we show using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and neural coupling analyses that episodic future thinking reduces the rate of delay discounting through a modulation of neural decision-making and episodic future thinking networks. In addition to a standard control condition, real subject-specific episodic event cues were presented during a delay discounting task. Spontaneous episodic imagery during cue processing predicted how much subjects changed their preferences toward more future-minded choice behavior. Neural valuation signals in the anterior cingulate cortex and functional coupling of this region with hippocampus and amygdala predicted the degree to which future thinking modulated individual preference fu...

2010-01-01

29

The mGluR2 Positive Allosteric Modulator BINA Decreases Cocaine Self-Administration and Cue-Induced Cocaine-Seeking and Counteracts Cocaine-Induced Enhancement of Brain Reward Function in Rats

Lesions that functionally disconnect the anterior and posterodorsal sub-regions of the medial amygdala eliminate opposite-sex odor preference in male Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus)

Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2/3 (mGluR2/3) agonists were shown previously to nonselectively decrease both cocaine- and food-maintained responding in rats. mGluR2 positive allosteric modulators (PAMs)...Full Text Available

2010-09-01

30

Contextual extracellular cues promote tumor cell EMT and metastasis by regulating miR-200 family expression

In many rodent species, such as Syrian hamsters, reproductive behavior requires neural integration of chemosensory information and steroid hormone cues. The medial amygdala processes both of...Full Text Available

2010-02-17

31

Behavioral Stress May Increase the Rewarding Valence of Cocaine-Associated Cues Through a Dynorphin/?-Opioid Receptor-Mediated Mechanism without Affecting Associative Learning or Memory Retrieval Mechanisms

Metastatic disease is a primary cause of cancer-related death, and factors governing tumor cell metastasis have not been fully elucidated. Here, we address this question by using tumor cell lines derived...Full Text Available

2009-09-15

32

A volume formula for hyperbolic tetrahedra in terms of edge lengths

Stress exposure increases the risk of addictive drug use in human and animal models of drug addiction by mechanisms that are not completely understood. Mice subjected to repeated forced swim stress...Full Text Available

2010-08-01

33

CERN Document Server

We give a closed formula for volumes of generic hyperbolic tetrahedra in terms of edge lengths. The cue of our formula is by the volume conjecture for the Turaev-Viro invariant of closed 3-manifolds, which is defined from the quantum 6j-symbols. This formula contains the dilogarithm functions, and we specify the adequate branch to get the actual value of the volumes.

2004-01-01

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Turbulence Investigation and Reproduction for Assisting Downstream Migrating Juvenile Salmonids, Part II of II; Effects of Induced Turbulence on Behavior of Juvenile Salmon, 2001-2005 Final Report.

Nonhuman primates will not respond to turn off strong 60 Hz electric fields

Passage through dams is a major source of mortality of anadromous juvenile salmonids because some populations must negotiate up to eight dams in Columbia and Snake rivers. Dams cause direct mortality when fish pass through turbines, but dams may also cause indirect mortality by altering migration conditions in rivers. Forebays immediately upstream of dams have decreased the water velocity of rivers and may contribute substantially to the total migration delay of juvenile salmonids. Recently, Coutant (2001a) suggested that in addition to low water velocities, lack of natural turbulence may contribute to migration delay by causing fish to lose directional cues. Coutant (2001a) further hypothesized that restoring turbulence in dam forebays may reduce migration delay by providing directional cues that allow fish to find passage routes more quickly (Coutant 2001a). Although field experiments have yielded proof of the concept of using induced ...

2005-07-01

35

Microbiological Comparison of Core and Groundwater Samples Collected from a Fractured Basalt Aquifier with that of Dialysis Chamber Incubated in Situ

Using a set of six baboons (Papio cynocephalus), the authors conducted a series of seven experiments designed to evaluate the potentially aversive character of a 60 Hz electric field (EF). Initially, the subjects were trained, using food rewards as the reinforcer, to respond only when a cue light was illuminated. Next, an EF was presented along with the cue light; responses produced delivery of a food pellet and turned off both the cue light and the EF. Then, stimulus and reward conditions were varied. The authors determined that (1) presence of a strong EF does not affect operant responding for food rewards, (2) subjects will not respond at normal rates when the only reinforcer is termination of a strong EF, (3) presence of a strong EF can serve as a discriminative stimulus, (4) presence of a strong EF does not affect extinction of an appetite-motivated task, and (5) presentation of an EF can become a secondary reinforcer. ...

1995-12-31

36

Industrial Technologies Program: Chemicals

Microorganisms associated with fractured basalt core were compared to those suspended in groundwater pumped from the same well in the eastern Snake River Plain Aquifer (Idaho, USA). Two wells influenced to different degrees by a mixed-waste plume in the fractured basalt aquifer were examined. In one well, an array of dialysis cells filled with either deionized water or crushed basalt was equilibrated to compare the microorganisms collected in this fashion with those from core and groundwater samples collected in a traditional manner from the same well. Analyses were performed to characterize these samples and to provide a basis for comparison. These included total cell counts by microscopy; total biomass by phospholipid fatty acid analysis; enumerations of viable aerobic heterotrophs, groups of putative aerobic co-metabolic TCE-degraders and aerobic H2-oxidizing bacteria; mineralization of 14C- labeled acetate; and enrichments for dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria. The 16S rDNA ...

2004-04-01

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Risk of sperm competition does not influence copulatory behavior in the promiscuous meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus)

Efficiency and Renewable Energy EERE Home | Programs & Offices | Consumer Information Chemicals Search Search Help Chemicals EERE » Industrial Technologies Program » Chemicals...

2011-10-01

38

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

It is not clear whether males in all mammalian species adjust their copulatory behavior when faced with risk of sperm competition (RSC). Previous work on meadow voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus, indicated that males increase their sperm expenditure but not the number of ejaculations in the presence of odors of a conspecific male. The present study follows up on this work and asks whether male meadow voles modify any aspect of their copulatory behavior when they face a RSC. We examined 46 variables of copulatory behavior and found that the presence of odors from a conspecific male did not affect any of these variables. Thus, male meadow voles, unlike some other species of mammals, do not adjust their copulatory behavior when exposed to cues associated with an elevated RSC.

2007-01-01

39

Musicians demonstrate experience-dependent brainstem enhancement of musical scale features within continuously gliding pitch

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In contrast to language, where pitch patterns consist of continuous and curvilinear contours, musical pitch consists of relatively discrete, stair-stepped sequences of notes. Behavioral and neurophysiological studies suggest that both tone-language and music experience enhance the representation of pitch cues associated with a listener's domain of expertise, e.g., curvilinear pitch in language, discrete scale steps in music. We compared brainstem frequency-following responses (FFRs) of English-speaking musicians (musical pitch experience) and native speakers of Mandarin Chinese (linguistic pitch experience) elicited by rising and falling tonal sweeps that are exemplary of Mandarin tonal contours but uncharacteristic of the pitch patterns typically found in music. In spite of musicians' unf...

2011-01-01

40

Making Simple Sentences Hard: Verb Bias Effects in Simple Direct Object Sentences

Discriminating Males and Unpredictable Females: Males Bias Sperm Allocation in Favor of Virgin Females

Constraint-based lexical models of language processing assume that readers resolve temporary ambiguities by relying on a variety of cues, including particular knowledge of how verbs combine with nouns. Previous experiments have demonstrated verb bias effects only in structurally complex sentences, and have been criticized on the grounds that such effects could be due to a rapid reanalysis stage in a two-stage modular processing system. In a self-paced reading experiment and an eyetracking experiment, we demonstrate verb bias effects in sentences with simple structures that should require no reanalysis, and thus provide evidence that the combinatorial properties of individual words influence the earliest stages of sentence comprehension. (Contains 4 figures and 12 tables.)

2009-04-01

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British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract When both sexes mate with multiple partners, theory predicts that males should adjust their investment in ejaculates in response to the risk and/or intensity of sperm competition. Here, we demonstrate that, in the harlequin beetle riding pseudoscorpion, Cordylochernes scorpioides, males use cues deposited on females by previous males to distinguish between virgin, once-mated, and multiply-mated females and adjust sperm allocation accordingly. Sperm number declined in direct proportion to the number of previous males, with virgin females receiving nearly three times more sperm than females exposed to three previous males. Given the lack of first-male sperm precedence in C.scorpioides, this pattern is not consistent with current sperm competition models and appears best explained by...

2011-01-01

42

Comparison of auditory sense organs in parasitoid Tachinidae (Diptera) hosted by Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) and homologous structures in a non-hearing Phoridae (Diptera)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The dipteran parasitoids Therobia leonidei and Homotrixa alleni (Tachinidae) use acoustic cues to locate their calling tettigoniid (Ensifera, Orthoptera) hosts. The sexually dimorphic tympanal organs of both fly species are located at the prosternum. For comparison a homologous chordotonal organ in the non-hearing fly Phormia regina, Meigen (Phoridae) is also described. The scolopidial sense organs of the ears have approximately 180 sensory cells in Th. leonidei and 250 cells in H. alleni. Interspecific analysis indicates that the cell number and arrangement might be genus specific in Tachinidae. The mononematic scolopidia, each with one sensory cell, are of different sizes and insert at the tympanal membrane. Large scolopidial units (diameter of sensory cells up to 50??m) extend longitudi...

2007-01-01

43

Change in number and activation of androgen receptor-immunoreactive cells in the medial amygdala in response to chemosensory input

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In many species social behaviors are dependent on integration of chemosensory and hormonal cues. Many chemosensory stimuli are detected by the vomeronasal organ, which projects to many regions that contain steroid receptors, including the medial amygdala. In male hamsters, testosterone is known to acutely increase in response to chemosensory stimulation, and can facilitate sexual behavior by direct action within the medial amygdala. Conspecific stimuli activate the anterior (MeA) and posterior (MeP) medial amygdala, while heterospecific stimuli activate only MeA. Chemosensory stimuli with different social significance differentially activate the dorsal and ventral subdivisions of MeA and MeP. Therefore, it is likely that steroids differentially facilitate stimulation of the medial amygdala...

2011-01-01

44

Afferent mechanisms of microwave-induced biological effects. Annual report, 1 June 1985-31 May 1986

Chemical Reactor Diagnostics

Effects of 2450-MHz circularly polarized microwave irradiation on central nervous system functions were studied. Pulsed (microsecond, 500 pps) microwaves decreased high-affinity sodium-dependent choline uptake in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of the rat. The effect on hippocampal choline uptake was blocked by pretreatment with narcotic antagonists. Continuous-wave microwaves of the same power density decreased choline uptake in the frontal cortex only. Furthermore, it was found that the effects of pulsed microwaves on central cholinergic activity are classically conditionable to cues in the exposure environment. The hypothesis that some of the neurological effects of pulsed microwave irradiation are caused by its effect on the auditory system was investigated. Effects of pink noise and pulsed microwaves were compared.

1986-07-01

45

Influence of gonadal hormones on odours emitted by male meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus).

Development of Methods and Apparatus for Processes Diagnostics in Plasma Reactors at the Neutralization of Chemical Herbiside and Pestiside

46

Chemical Emergencies

Medline Plus

English - Chemical Emergencies Click to Stop Video Click to Start Video To Listen to the Audio or ...

47

Prediction of Chemicals Ecotoxicity

Free-living male meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) emit odours that are attractive to females at the beginning, but not at the end, of the breeding season. The effect of gonadal hormones on female-attractant cues was examined in males born and reared in long (14 h light day-1) and short (10 h light day-1) photoperiods that simulate daylengths in the breeding and nonbreeding seasons, respectively. Gonadectomy affected the attractant properties of odours emitted by long photoperiod, but not short photoperiod, males. Long photoperiod females preferred odours of intact rather than those of gonadectomized long photoperiod males, and odours of gonadectomized long photoperiod males rather than those of intact short photoperiod males. Females did not show a preference between the odours of intact and castrated short photoperiod males. Gonadal hormone replacement in males affected female responses to the odours emitted by long photoperiod, but not short photoperiod, ...

1992-08-01

48

Cell proliferation and chemical carcinogenesis: symposium overview.

Computer-Aided Prediction of Chemical Ecotoxicity on the basis of Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships with the Use of Physico-Chemical Descriptors, Including H-bond Parameters

49

CHEMICAL LEUCODERMA: INDIAN SCENARIO, PROGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT

Cancer, by definition, is a proliferative disease. The fundamental scientific issue explored at the international symposium "Cell Proliferation and Chemical Carcinogenesis" was the impact of chemically...Full Text Available

1993-12-01

50

[Pathology and chemical verification and detection of "risk group" of endogenous psychosis].

Chemical leucoderma is an industrial disorder in developed countries and the common causative chemicals are phenols and catechols. Due to stringent controls and preventive measures the incidence has...Full Text Available

2010-07-01

51

Study of quantum chemical calculation of actinide compounds

PMID:12722515

2003-03-01

52

Regularities of formation of chemical properties of peat in perimarine areas

No abstract prepared

1998-01-01

53

Phorbol esters from croton oil chemical nature and biological activities

Short communication

1996-12-31

54

Is there any influence of ``magic`` nuclei on chemical behaviour?

Not Available

1967-01-01

55

Demineralization of Crab Shells by Chemical and Biological Treatments

Short communication. 3 refs.

1996-12-31

56

Chemical solution deposition of PLZT films on base metal foils.

Full Text Available

2005-02-01

57

Chemical Components Changes of Winter Cereal Crops with Germination

No abstract prepared.

2003-11-07

58

An encounter with the syndrome of multiple chemical sensitivities: Reflections of a pharmacologist

Full Text Available

2010-11-01

59

A review of in-situ chemical oxidation and heterogeneity

No abstract available.

60

Time course of androgenic modulation of odor preferences and odor cues in male meadow voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus.

No abstract prepared.

2003-02-03

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61

Massage Therapy

Medline Plus

... Massage therapy can help the body release certain chemicals. These chemicals help us relax, improve blood circulation and get ...

62

Representation of uncertainty in computer vision using fuzzy sets

During the breeding season, male meadow voles prefer female over male odors and females prefer male over female odors. Testosterone control of males' odor preferences and production of odors attractive to females differ. A male meadow vole's preference for female versus male odor was still evident 1 week after castration, but not 1 week later. This preference was reinstated in testosterone-treated male voles 2 weeks after the onset of hormone replacement. The attractiveness of male odors to females did not disappear until 3 weeks after castration. The attractiveness of male odors was reinstated 1 week after castrated males were treated with testosterone. The time course for the androgenic modulation of production of odors attractive to females may facilitate breeding. For example, at the end of the breeding season males may emit an odor that is still attractive to females. Similarly, at the beginning of the breeding season males may emit an odor that is attractive to females. ...

1992-12-01

63

Effects of low-level microwave irradiation on hippocampal and frontal cortical choline uptake are classically conditionable

Uncertainty in computer vision can arise at various levels. It can occur in the low level in the raw sensor input, and extends all the way through intermediate and higher levels. Ideally, at any level where decisions are being made on the basis of previous processing steps, a computer vision system must have sufficient flexibility for representation of uncertainty in any of these levels. The input cue representation portion of a computer vision system should maintain the information content of the original input images, while at the same time allowing for uncertainty in the identification of attributes required by other parts of the system for decision making. Processes such as edge detection, segmentation, and shape matching yield results which could bias higher level decision making, unless some framework is defined for the representation of uncertainty in the context of fuzzy set theory where membership values associated with the fuzzy sets contain a consistent ...

1986-02-01

64

Behavioral effects of microwaves

In previous research, we found that sodium-dependent high-affinity choline uptake in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of the rat was lowered after acute (45 min) exposure to low-level 2450-MHz pulsed microwaves (power density 1 mW/cm2; average whole body specific absorption rate, 0.6 W/kg; 2 mu sec pulses, 500 pps). In the present experiment, we investigated developments of tolerance and classical conditioning to these effects of microwaves. Rats were exposed to microwaves in cylindrical waveguides in 10 daily sessions (45 min per session). In an 11th session, we subjected the rats to either microwave (study of tolerance) or sham exposure (study of conditioned effect) for 45 min, and immediately measured choline uptake in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. We found that tolerance, a decrease in response to microwaves, developed to the effect of microwaves on choline uptake in the hippocampus, but not in the frontal cortex. Conditioned effects were also observed: an increase in ...

1987-08-01

65

Laboratory evaluation of the feasibility of chemical oxidation processes for treatment of contaminated groundwaters. Final report

Microwaves can produce sensations of warmth and sound in humans. In other species, they also can serve as cues, they may be avoided, and they can disrupt ongoing behavior. These actions appear to be due to heat produced by energy absorption. The rate of absorption depends on the microwave parameters and the electrical and geometric properties of the subject. We therefore, cannot predict the human response to microwaves based on data from other animals without appropriate scaling considerations. At low levels of exposure, microwaves can produce changes in behavior without large, or even measureable, changes in body temperature. Thermoregulatory behavior may respond to those low levels of heat, and thereby affect other behavior occurring concurrently. There are no data that demonstrate that behavioral effects of microwaves depend on any mechanism other than reactions to heat. Our interpretation of whether a reported behavioral effect indicates that microwaves may be ...

1980-01-01

66

Coatings with controlled porosity and chemical properties

Chemical oxidation is a treatment technology that uses powertul chemical oxidizers to destroy organic contaminants. Typical oxidizers used in chemical oxidation processes include ozone, hydrogen peroxide, chlorine, and potassium permanganate. The chemical reaction products are usually simple organic compounds, such as carboxylic acids, and/or inorganic compounds, such as carbon dioxide, water, and simple inorganic complexes (e.g., chloride salts, in the case of chemical oxidation treatment of chlorinated solvents).

1995-09-01

67

Star-formation triggers and chemical evolution

Coatings and sensors having both steric and chemical selectivity. Controlled porosity provides the steric selectivity, whereas chemically tailored film properties, using controlled composition or modification by coupling agents, chemical species replacement, or chemical species within pores, provide the chemical selectivity. Single or multiple layers may be provided.

1996-01-01

68

Low-Level Exposure to Multiple Chemicals: Reason for Human Health Concerns?

Comparative studies of flocculent and grand-design spirals suggest that density waves are not the predominant trigger of star formation in most galaxies. Implications for chemical evolution are profound. It may be possible to ignore the details of the spiral-wave phenomenon in research aimed at unifying the chemical properties of spiral disks. 16 references.

1986-10-01

69

Interactive Toxicity of Inorganic Mercury and Trichloroethylene in Rat and Human Proximal Tubules

BackgroundA key question in the risk assessment of exposures to multiple chemicals is whether mixture effects may occur when chemicals are combined at low doses which individually...Full Text Available

2007-12-01

70

Identification of environmental chemicals with estrogenic activity using a combination of in vitro assays.

Simultaneous or prior exposure to one chemical may alter the concurrent or subsequent response to another chemical, often in unexpected ways. This is particularly true when the two chemicals...Full Text Available

2007-06-15

71

Chemical activation of MEK1 - a redox trigger for evaluating the effects of phosphorylation.

Environmental chemicals that function as estrogens have been suggested to be associated with an increase in disease and dysfunctions in animals and humans. To characterize chemicals that may act as...Full Text Available

1996-10-01

72

Absence of morphologic correlation between chemical toxicity and chemical carcinogenesis.

An approach to generate mimics of phosphorylated serine proteins chemically through site-specific sulfonation of cysteine is presented. This chemical modification is reversible in the presence of reducing agent and therefore is analogous to the kinase/phosphatase system used in nature. PMID:21717004

2011-06-30

73

Molecular Genetics and Carcinogenesis Section

The experimental data set used to evaluate site-specific histopathologic correspondence between the morphologic end points of toxicity and carcinogenicity comprises 130 chemical carcinogenesis studies....Full Text Available

1993-12-01

74

Hard Corrosion and Radiation-Resistant Coatings

The Molecular Genetics and Carcinogenesis Section conducts studies using human epithelial cells to assess: activation of proto-oncogenes by chemical and physical carcinogens; inactivation and dysregulation of tumor suppressor genes by chemical and physical

75

Environmental chemical-induced macrophage dysfunction.

Hard Nano-Strutural Coatings Resistant to the Extreme Conditions of Chemical, Abrasive and High Energy Media for Thermonuclear Power, Oil and Gas and Chemical Industries

76

Chemical Carcinogenesis Testing and Related Issues ...

Immunomodulation by environmental chemical contaminants and the role immune parameters play in toxicity and risk assessment studies is of increasing concern. Although considerable evidence has indicated...Full Text Available

1981-06-01

77

Atmospheric chemistry in volcanic plumes

... 6 lit. CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS TESTING AND RELATED ISSUES- ILn SUBCHRONIC STUDIES AND RELATED ISSUES 0 o Andrew Sivak 0 ...

1985-05-01

78

Approaches to the evaluation of chemical-induced immunotoxicity.

Recent field observations have shown that the atmospheric plumes of quiescently degassing volcanoes are chemically very active, pointing to the role of chemical cycles involving halogen species and...Full Text Available

2010-04-13

79

Application of Key Events Analysis to Chemical Carcinogens and Noncarcinogens

The immune system plays a crucial role in maintaining health; however, accumulating evidence indicates that this system can be the target for immunotoxic effects caused by a variety of chemicals including...Full Text Available

1995-12-01

80

The use of power fluidics technology in nuclear chemical plants

The existence of thresholds for toxicants is a matter of debate in chemical risk assessment and regulation. Current risk assessment methods are based on the assumption that, in the absence of sufficient...Full Text Available

2009-09-01

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81

Signet ring cell carcinomas of gastric mucosa in hypocatalasemic mice treated with X-ray or chemicals

Published in summary form only.

1989-05-01

82

Recycle of the chemicals from waste generated during fabrication of ceramic nuclear fuel material

Short communication.

83

Preparation of the Nano Cobalt Powder by Wet Chemical Reduction Method

Short communication.

84

Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Visibility Impairment in a National Park Area

Full Text Available

2011-06-01

85

Obtainment of lanthanum oxide by fractionated precipitation method

Full Text Available

2009-08-01

86

Multiphase reacting flow modeling of singlet oxygen generators for chemical oxygen iodine lasers.

... ammonium compounds benzilic acid chemical preparation lanthanum oxides

1979-01-01

87

Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Composites Reinforced with Chemically Treated Coir and Abaca Fiber

Abstract Not Provided

2008-09-01

88

Interaction of silicides in the Pd - Mo - Si ternary system

Not Available

2009-10-01

89

Inorganic chemistry of astatine

... chemical reactions high temperature lattice parameters microhardness

90

Estimation of atmospheric source rate of vapors from a damaged container of hazardous chemicals

On the basis of experimental and extrapolated values the physico-chemical properties of astatine are reviewed considering all oxidation states.

91

Effect of Chemical Treatment of Teflon Powder on the Properties of Polyamide 66/Teflon Composites Prepared by Melt Mixing

Short communication.

1993-07-01

92

Dissociation Time of Chemical Bond I. Dissociation of the Morse Oscillator.

Full Text Available

2011-06-01

93

Czech Academy of Sciences Repository

Full Text Available

1992-01-01

94

Development of chemical separation in gas phase for heavy actinide and trans-actinide elements

Comparison between DNA damage investigated by the ''Comet'' assay and chromosomal damage induced in human lymphocytes by radiation and chemicals

No abstract prepared

1998-01-01

95

Chemical and biological aspects of an arabinogalactan from the medicinal herb Phyllanthus niruri (quebra-pedra)

Short communication.

1995-08-20

96

Chemical Constituents of Melandrium firmum Rohrbach and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activity

No abstract prepared.

2005-07-01

97

Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Deoduk (Codonopsis lanceolata) and Doragi (Platycodon grandiflorum) according to Temperature

Full Text Available

2008-03-01

98

Chemical Characteristics and Immuno-stimulating Properties of Biopolymers Extracted from Acanthopanax sessiliflorus

Full Text Available

2011-06-01

99

Breath Test for Chemicals (Volatile Organic Compounds)

Full Text Available

2006-01-01

100

Assessment of Priority Order Using the Chemical to Cause to Generate Occupational Diseases and Classification by GHS

Breath Tests; Human Volunteers; Pilot Study

2011-09-16

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101

An R&D Exploratory Investigation of Resin Binders for the ...

Full Text Available

2010-06-01

102

A Detailed Chemical Kinetic Reaction Mechanism for Oxidation of Four Small Alkyl Esters in Laminar Premixed Flames

... Descriptors : *POLYMERS, *BINDERS, *HOWITZERS, *COMBUSTIBLE CARTRIDGE CASES, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, PROPELLING ...

1980-10-01

103

Contamination and restoration of groundwater aquifers

Abstract not provided

2008-07-14

104

Investigation of the potential influence of production treatment chemicals on produced water toxicity

Humans are exposed to chemicals in contaminated groundwaters that are used as sources of drinking water. Chemicals contaminate groundwater resources as a result of waste disposal methods for toxic chemicals, overuse of agricultural chemicals, and leakage of chemicals into the subsurface from buried tanks used to hold fluid chemicals and fuels. In the process, both the solid portions of the subsurface and the groundwaters that flow through these porous structures have become contaminated. Restoring these aquifers and minimizing human exposure to the parent chemicals and their degradation products will require the identification of suitable biomarkers of human exposure; better understandings of how exposure can be related to disease outcome; better understandings of mechanisms of transport of pollutants in the heterogeneous structures of the ...

1993-04-01

105

Crystal and solution structures of an odorant-binding protein from the southern house mosquito complexed with an oviposition pheromone

Production treatment chemicals represent a diverse collection of chemical classes, added at various points from the wellhead to the final flotation cell, to prevent operational upsets and enhance the separation of oil from water. Information in the literature indicates that while many treatment chemicals are thought to partition into oil and not into the produced water, there are cases where a sufficiently water soluble treatment chemical is added at high enough concentrations to suggest that the treatment chemical may add to the aquatic toxicity of the produced water. A study was conducted to evaluate the potential effect of production treatment chemicals on the toxicity of produced waters using the US EPA Seven-day Mysidopsis bahia Survival, Growth and Fecundity Test. Samples of produced water were collected and tested for toxicity from three platforms under ...

1993-11-14

106

Creation of bony microenvironment with CaP and cell-derived ECM to enhance human bone-marrow MSC behavior and delivery of BMP-2.

Culex mosquitoes introduce the pathogens responsible for filariasis, West Nile virus, St. Louis encephalitis, and other diseases into humans. Currently, traps baited with oviposition semiochemicals play an important role in detection efforts and could provide an environmentally friendly approach to controlling their populations. The odorant binding proteins (OBPs) in the female's antenna play a crucial, if yet imperfectly understood, role in sensing oviposition cues. Here, we report the X-ray crystallography and NMR 3D structures of OBP1 for Culex quinquefasciatus (CquiOBP1) bound to an oviposition pheromone (5R,6S)-6-acetoxy-5-hexadecanolide (MOP). In both studies, CquiOBP1 had the same overall six-helix structure seen in other insect OBPs, but a detailed analysis revealed an important previously undescribed feature. There are two models for OBP-mediated signal transduction: (i) direct release of the pheromone from an internal binding pocket in a ...

2010-11-15

107

A model of episodic memory: mental time travel along encoded trajectories using grid cells.

Extracellular matrix (ECM) comprises a rich meshwork of proteins and proteoglycans, which not only contains biological cues for cell behavior, but is also a reservoir for binding growth factors and controlling their release. Here we aimed to create a suitable bony microenvironment with cell-derived ECM and biodegradable ?-tricalcium phosphate (?-TCP). More specifically, we investigated whether the ECM produced by bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSC) on a ?-TCP scaffold can bind bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and control its release in a sustained manner, and further examined the effect of ECM and the BMP-2 released from ECM on cell behaviors. The ECM was obtained through culturing the hBMSC on a ?-TCP porous scaffold and performing decellularization and sterilization. SEM, XPS, FTIR, and immunofluorescent staining results indicated the presence of ECM on the ?-TCP and the amount of ECM increased with the incubation time. BMP-2 was loaded onto ...

2011-05-31

108

The chemical link Brazil/Portugal. Abstracts of the 23. annual meeting of the Brazilian Chemical Society. v. 2; A ligacao quimica Brasil/Portugal. Resumos da 23. reuniao anual da Sociedade Brasileira de Quimica. v. 2

The definition of episodic memory includes the concept of mental time travel: the ability to re-experience a previously experienced trajectory through continuous dimensions of space and time, and to recall specific events or stimuli along this trajectory. Lesions of the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex impair human episodic memory function and impair rat performance in tasks that could be solved by retrieval of trajectories. Recent physiological data suggests a novel model for encoding and retrieval of trajectories, and for associating specific stimuli with specific positions along the trajectory. During encoding in the model, external input drives the activity of head direction cells. Entorhinal grid cells integrate the head direction input to update an internal representation of location, and drive hippocampal place cells. Trajectories are encoded by Hebbian modification of excitatory synaptic connections between hippocampal place cells and head direction cells driven by external ...

2009-07-15

109

Technological press on the environment: comparison of the radiation and conventional processing

Several works about annual meeting of the Brazilian Chemical Society are present.The search for medicinal chemistry, natural products, biological chemistry, and organic chemistry are shown. Conventional methods and some techniques are discussed and developments of new methods of determining are studied. The use of new chemical compounds, materials, structures and chemical analysis are shown.

2000-07-01

110

The application of computer modeling to health effect research

Transformation of row material to the consumption goods proceeds by the succession of various technologies using energy and chemicals. Relative contribution of both factors is broadly varied. The chemical reagents are not per se consumption goods and their production is auxiliary. Maximal usage of chemicals is observed in conventional technologies. On the contrary radiation technology does not need chemicals. Therefore usage of radiation technology leads to diminution of chemical processing and hence to the attenuation of the technological press on the environment. As examples the radiation technological methods in conversion of coal and biomass are considered. (author).

1994-09-11

111

Sources of toxicity and exposure information for identifying chemicals of high concern to children

In the United States, estimates show that more than 30,000 hazardous waste disposal sites exist, not including military installations, U.S. Department of Energy nuclear facilities, and hundreds and thousands of underground fuel storage tanks; these sites undoubtedly have their own respective hazardous waste chemical problems. When so many sites contain hazardous chemicals, how does one study the health effects of the chemicals at these sites? There could be many different answers, but none would be perfect. For an area as complex and difficult as the study of chemical mixtures associated with hazardous waste disposal sites, there are no perfect approaches and protocols. Human exposure to chemicals, be it environmental or occupational, is rarely, if ever, limited to a single chemical. Therefore, it is essential that we consider multiple ...

1996-12-31

112

Supplier notification requirements under section 313 of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (1991)

Due to the large number of chemicals in commerce without adequate toxicity characterization data, coupled with an ineffective federal policy for chemical management in the United States, many states are grappling with the challenge to identify toxic chemicals that may pose a risk to human health and the environment. Specific populations (e.g., children, elderly) are particularly sensitive to these toxic chemicals. In 2008, the Children's Safe Product Act (CSPA) was passed in Washington State. The CSPA included specific requirements to identify High Priority Chemicals (HPCs) and Chemicals of High Concern to Children (CHCCs). To implement this legislation, a methodology was developed to identify HPCs from authoritative scientific and regulatory sources on the basis of toxicity criteria. Another set of chemicals of concern was then identified ...

2010-11-01

113

Cumulative effects of in utero administration of mixtures of reproductive toxicants that disrupt common target tissues via diverse mechanisms of toxicity

When Congress passed the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986 (EPCRA), it created a number of new reporting requirements for companies that handle toxic chemicals and products containing toxic chemicals. Section 313 of EPCRA requires that certain manufacturers report annual releases to the environment of listed toxic chemicals and chemical categories. Because these manufacturers must know the toxic chemical composition of the products they use to be able to calculate releases accurately, EPA requires some suppliers of mixtures or trade name products containing one or more of the listed section 313 toxic chemicals to notify their customers. The pamphlet explains which suppliers must notify their customers, who must be notified, what form the notice must take, and when it must be sent.

114

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Summary Although risk assessments are typically conducted on a chemical-by-chemical basis, the 1996 Food Quality Protection Act required the US Environmental Protection Agency to consider cumulative risk of chemicals that act via a common mechanism of toxicity. To this end, we are conducting studies with mixtures of chemicals to elucidate mechanisms of joint action at the systemic level with the goal of providing a framework for assessing the cumulative effects of reproductive toxicants. Previous mixture studies conducted with antiandrogenic chemicals are reviewed briefly and two new studies are described. In all binary mixture studies, rats were dosed during pregnancy with chemicals, singly or in pairs, at dosage levels equivalent to approximately one-half of the ED50 for hypospadias or e...

2010-01-01

115

Biocide and corrosion inhibition use in the oil and gas industry: Effectiveness and potential environmental impacts

Theory of chemical reaction dynamics. Volume 3

Treatment chemicals are used in all facets of the natural gas industry (NGI) from well development through transmission and storage of natural gas. The multitude of chemicals used, combined with the dozens of chemical manufacturers and/or suppliers has lead to the availability of hundreds of possible chemical products. Because of the widespread use of chemical products and their numerous sources, the NGI needs access to consistent data regarding their effectiveness and potential environmental impacts. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness and potential environmental impacts of, chemical products used in the NGI. This assessment was initially focused on biocides and corrosion inhibitors and their use in the gas production, storage and transmission facilities, The overall approach was obtain the necessary data on ...

1995-03-27

116

The Chemical Reactions of Sulfur in the Citrate Process for Flue Gas Desulfurization.

This book examines some of the basic principles behind chemical reaction kinetics. Topics considered include the classical trajectory approach to reactive scattering; periodic orbits and theory of reactive scattering; and semiclassical reactive scattering.

1985-01-01

117

Quarterly progress report for the Chemical and Energy Research Section of the Chemical Technology Division: January--March 1997

The Bureau of Mines performed chemical research to elaborate details of sulfur chemistry pertaining to the citrate flue gas desulfurization process in which sulfur dioxide (SO2), absorbed (as bisulfite ion) in a buffered sodium citrate solution, is reduce...

1981-01-01

118

Pulmonary metabolism of foreign compounds: its role in metabolic activation.

This report summarizes the major activities conducted in the Chemical and Energy Research Section of the Chemical Technology Division (CTD) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) during the period January--March 1997. Created in March 1997 when the CTD Chemical Development and Energy Research sections were combined, the Chemical and Energy Research Section conducts basic and applied research and development in chemical engineering, applied chemistry, and bioprocessing, with an emphasis on energy-driven technologies and advanced chemical separations for nuclear and waste applications. The report describes the various tasks performed within seven major areas of research: Hot Cell Operations, Process Chemistry and Thermodynamics, Molten Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE) Remediation Studies, Chemistry Research, Separations and Materials Synthesis, Solution ...

1998-01-01

119

Predicting the carcinogenicity of chemicals in humans from rodent bioassay data.

The lung has the potential of metabolizing many foreign chemicals to a vast array of metabolites with different pharmacological and toxicological properties. Because many chemicals require metabolic...Full Text Available

1990-04-01

120

Pore region of TRPV3 ion channel is specifically required for heat-activation

Regulatory agencies currently rely on rodent carcinogenicity bioassay data to predict whether or not a given chemical poses a carcinogenic threat to humans. We argue that it is always more useful to...Full Text Available

1991-08-01

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121

Physical Morphology and Quantitative Characterization of Chemical Changes of Weathered PVC/Pine Composites.

Ion-channels can be activated (gated) by a variety of stimuli including chemicals, voltage, mechanical force or temperature. Whereas molecular mechanisms of ion-channel gating by chemicals and...Full Text Available

2008-09-01

122

Phase transitions in the soliton star model

This study investigated weathering effects on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) based wood plastic composites (WPC), with a focus on the color and structure that is attributed to the material composition. It is directed towards quantifying the main chemical modifi...

2009-01-01

123

On the water-chemical regime in steam generators at NPP

The aim of this paper is to obtain the effective potential of the non-topological soliton model at finite temperature with the assumption that the chemical potential {mu} of the system is different from zero and to analyse how the effective potential is influenced by changes in the chemical potential and temperature. (author)

1998-01-01

124

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The effect of the water-chemical regime (WCR) on damage sustained by heating surfaces of steam generators at NPP is analyzed. It is indicated that phosphate treatment with minimal excesses of phosphates in the steamgenerator water is the most optimal method of managing the WCR regime of horizontal steam generators.

2006-01-01

125

On the General Mechanism of Selective Induction of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes by Chemicals: Some Theoretical Considerations

Introduction and summary of the 13th meeting of the Scientific Group on Methodologies for the Safety Evaluation of Chemicals (SGOMSEC): alternative testing methodologies.

Importance of the fieldThe cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms that are selectively induced following exposure to structurally-diverse chemicals often are the ones capable...Full Text Available

2010-04-01

126

Hypothesis for induction and propagation of chemical sensitivity based on biopsy studies.

A workshop on alternative toxicological testing methodologies was convened by the Scientific Group on Methodologies for the Safety Evaluation of Chemicals (SGOMSEC) 26-31 January 1997 in Ispra, Italy,...Full Text Available

1998-04-01

127

Force-dependent chemical kinetics of disulfide bond reduction observed with single-molecule techniques

The reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS), the reactive upper airways dysfunction syndrome (RUDS), the sick building syndrome (SBS), and the multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome (MCS) are overlapping...Full Text Available

1997-03-01

128

Fluorine-19 NMR Chemical Shift Probes Molecular Binding to Lipid Membranes

The mechanism by which mechanical force regulates the kinetics of a chemical reaction is unknown. Here, we use single-molecule force–clamp spectroscopy and protein engineering to study the effect...Full Text Available

2006-05-09

129

Demonstration and Evaluation of Magnetic Descalers.

The binding of amphiphilic molecules to lipid bilayers is followed by ¹⁹F NMR using chemical shift and line shape differences between the solution and membrane-tethered states of...Full Text Available

2008-05-22

130

Decontamination of nuclear facilities

Mineral scale formation in water distribution piping impedes flow, resulting in pressure and volume reduction and increasing operational costs. Chemical cleaning is both costly and time consuming, and there are health concerns when chemically cleaning pot...

2001-01-01

131

Chemical structure and inhalation toxicity of lipopolysaccharides from bacteria on cotton.

Thirty-seven papers were presented at this conference in five sessions. Topics covered include regulation, control and consequences of decontamination; decontamination of components and facilities; chemical and non-chemical methods of decontamination; and TMI decontamination experience.

1982-09-19

132

Chemical effects on K x-ray intensity ratios in chromium compounds

Lipopolysaccharides from different bacteria isolated from cotton were purified and chemically analyzed. Their pulmonary toxicity to animals was tested in inhalation tests. Lipopolysaccharides from Agrobacterium...Full Text Available

1980-09-01

133

Chemical carcinogenesis: too many rodent carcinogens.

K_#beta#/ K_#alpha# x-ray intensity ratio of chromium were measured in different chromium compounds. The results show the variation of the intensity ratio as a function of the chemical environment around the metal ion. (author)

2003-02-10

134

Calculations of physical and chemical reactions produced in irradiated water containing DNA

The administration of chemicals at the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) in standard animal cancer tests is postulated to increase cell division (mitogenesis), which in turn increases rates of mutagenesis...Full Text Available

1990-10-01

135

CHEMICAL SPECIATION OF FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION SLUDGE CONSTITUENTS

Initial results obtained with a Monte Carlo computer program designed to link initial physical events in irradiated liquid water with subsequent chemical and biological events are presented. 10 refs., 4 figs., 3 tabs.

1985-01-01

136

Boundary conditions for the paleoenvironment: chemical and physical processes in the pre-solar nebula

This project addresses the problem of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) sludge disposal to land. Specifically, the chemical species of FGD sludge constituents are thermodynamically modeled using the equilibrium constant approach, in an attempt to predict the constituent concentratio...

137

BIOASSAY AND CHEMICAL ANALYSIS FOR HAZARDOUS MATERIALS IN RESIDUAL OILS. VOLUME 2. APPENDICES

Two additional hyperfine components of the interstellar radical C3H were detected. In addition, methanol was discovered in interstellar clouds. The abundance of HCCN and various chemical isomers in molecular clouds was investigated.

1985-02-01

138

Application of tumor, bacterial and parasite susceptibility assays to study immune alterations induced by environmental chemicals

The report gives results of an examination, including mutagenic screening, of the chemical composition of residual fuel oils and their column chromatography pre-fractions. A degree of correlation between composition and mutagenicity has been achieved. Radionuclide data has been o...

139

Alteration of the chemical environment disrupts communication in a freshwater fish

Model systems to study the effects of chemicals of environmental concern on bacterial and parasitic diseases as well as the immunosurveillance and destruction of transplantable tumor cells were described...Full Text Available

1982-02-01

140

Acidizing subterranean well formations containing deposits of metal compounds

It is well established that changes to the chemical environment can impair development, physiology and reproductive biology; by contrast, impacts on communication have not been widely reported. This...Full Text Available

2006-05-22

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141

1,3-Butadiene: linking metabolism, dosimetry, and mutation induction.

Methods of acidizing a subterranean well formation, acidizing compositions, and sequestering additives for preventing the precipitation of metal compounds in the formation are described. Use of the methods and chemicals described should lead to improved formation permeability as compared to use of previous methods and chemicals. 12 claims.

1979-04-24

142

Use of organic water treatment chemicals

There is increasing concern for the potential adverse health effects of human exposures to chemical mixtures. To better understand the complex interactions of chemicals within a mixture, it is essential...Full Text Available

1994-11-01

143

The preparation of carrier-free "2"0"3Pb for medical use

For better understanding and proper use of organic chemicals addition data are needed, including kinetic data on the scavenging reactions in actual cycles, data on ambient temperature stability and decomposition, sampling and analsyis information, data on effects in a case of fire, and more corrosion data. Use of these chemicals for layup of boilers and other equipment needs to be evaluated for each application. After a preliminary evaluation, such as outlined in this report, every new water treatment chemical should be evaluated in at least two month test in actual steam cycle. (orig.).

144

The formation of water chemical composition in the coolant pond of the Chernobylsk atomic power station

... bismuth 203 chemical reactions cyclotrons decay helium 3 beams impurities

145

The Modification of Polymer Surfaces and the Fabrication of ...

... thermal power plants thermal reactors water cooled reactors WATER

146

Synthesis, Chemical Characterization and Catalytic Activity of Transition Metal Complexes Having Imine Based Nitrogen Donor Ligand

... spatially defined fashion. Many surface modification techniques require a sequential chemical treatment of the surface.6 ...

1993-06-10

147

Studies on lipids in fractions of spherosomes and mitochondria of #gamma#-irradiated seeds of peanuts and walnuts

Full Text Available

2010-02-01

148

Preparation of carrier-free yttrium-88 from strontium target by solvent extraction

... chemical radiation effects decomposition extraction columns gamma radiation

1972-01-01

149

Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) Application And Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Characteristics

... carrier-free isotopes chemical preparation gamma spectra isotope production

150

Negative Ion Formation of Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate in Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization-Mass Spectrometry and in Corona Discharge Ionization-Ion Mobility Spectrometry

Atmospheric pressure plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition system is built. The electrical and optical characteristics of the APPECVD system is given. The system is used to deposit conductive polymers and nano composites onto glass and metal surfaces. The morphological, optical, chemical and electrical characteristics of deposited surfaces are investigated using SEM, AFM four probe deposition purposes. The photovoltaic applications of plasma deposited polymers and nonconsumption are compared with deposited with electrochemical methods show different results. The electrical, chemical and morphological structures of the samples will be given.

2008-08-25

151

Nanostructured Materials from Impulse Plasma in Liquid

Full Text Available

2011-03-01

152

Molecular models in the quantum-chemical investigation of the structure of defect centers on oxide catalysts

Nanostructured Materials from Impulse Plasma in Liquid: Studying of Physical-Chemical Properties, Optimization of Conditions of Obtaining

153

Magnetic properties of oxovanadium(IV) complexes with bidentate on donor Schiff bases

Several possibilities of the use of molecular models in quantum-chemical investigations of the structure of defect centers on the surfaces of oxides on nontransition elements have been illustrated. There has been a special discussion of the assumption of the local nature of the chemical interactions in these systems, which underlies such an approach, and of the consequent laws governing the formation of their lattices in the example cases of zeolites, kaolinites, and comparable boron- and aluminum-containing oxides. A quantum-chemical interpretation of the body of experimental data from investigations of the dehydroxylation of H forms of zeolites has been given. The structure of the Lewis acid centers formed as a result, and their chemisorption properties, have been discussed.

1987-05-01

154

MINEQL-PC. Chemical Equilibrium Composition of Aqueous Systems

(Feb 1977). Japan Syamal, A. Bombay Univ. (India). Univ. Dept. of Chemical

1977-01-01

155

MINEQL is a subroutine package to calculate equilibrium composition of an aqueous system, accounting for mass transfer.

1986-11-21

156

Low-Cost Crystal Silicon

Letter to the Editor: 1H, 13C and 15N chemical shift assignments of the capsid protein from Rous sarcoma virus

The Development of Basic Plasma-Chemical Technology for Manufacture of Low Cost Crystal Silicon for Solar Power Plants.

157

Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act: Section 313 release reporting requirements (August 1991)

No abstract prepared.

1999-11-15

158

Effects of variable hardness, ph, alkalinity, suspended clay, and humics on the chemical speciation and aquatic toxicity of copper

The brochure contains information about the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act. This law establishes a structure at the state and local levels to assist communities in planning for chemical emergencies and requires facilities to provide information on various chemicals present in the community. The Act requires that this information be made available to the public. One of the requirements concerns the reporting of annual releases of toxic chemicals to the air, water, and land. These provisions are outlined in Section 313 which mandates annual release reporting for over 300 chemicals.

159

Development Document for Proposed Effluent Limitations Guidelines and New Source Performance Standards for the Organic Chemicals and Plastics and Synthetic Fibers Industry.

The effects of variable hardness, pH, alkalinity, humics, and suspended clay on the chemical speciation of copper and its toxicity to fathead minnow larvae in Lake Superior water were investigated. Two proposed methods (toxicity factors and chemical speciation) for predicting LC50 values in specific natural waters from laboratory toxicity data and the average site specific values of general water quality parameters were evaluated. The accuracy of the cupric ion-selective electrode in determining CU/sup +2/ activities in ambient and chemically altered Lake Superior water was also determined.

1986-03-01

160

Chemical effects of L X-ray intensity ratios in niobium and molybdenum compounds

No abstract available.

1983-01-01

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161

Chemical effects of L X-ray intensity ratios in niobium and molybdenum compounds

Chemical effects of L X-ray intensity ratios in niobium and molybdenum compounds were studied by electron and proton bombardments. L{sub {gamma}1} X-rays which involve transition of 4d electrons of the valence shell were found to be sensitive to the chemical environment. The L{sub {gamma}1}/L{sub {beta}1} X-ray intensity ratio increased with an increase of the 4d electron occupation of niobium or molybdenum in niobium or molybdenum compounds, showing that the chemical effects can be ascribed to the 4d electron behavior of the metallic atom in its compounds. (orig.).

1990-12-20

162

Biomass as feedstock for chemicals and energy on the threshold of the 21st. century

Chemical effects of L X-ray intensity ratios in niobium and molybdenum compounds were studied by electron and proton bombardments. L_#gamma#_1 X-rays which involve transition of 4d electrons of the valence shell were found to be sensitive to the chemical environment. The L_#gamma#_1/L_#beta#_1 X-ray intensity ratio increased with an increase of the 4d electron occupation of niobium or molybdenum in niobium or molybdenum compounds, showing that the chemical effects can be ascribed to the 4d electron behavior of the metallic atom in its compounds. (orig.).

1990-12-01

163

Absorption-Electrochemical Surface Decontamination

A historical background is first given in which the role of biomass is described in relation to its competition with fossil biomass for the production of chemicals and energy. Occurrences of reserves from both sources are then compared. Petrochemical and biomass routes are then analyzed in terms of their relative competitive advantages. The oleochemical and biotechnology cases are analyzed in more detail as examples of biomass utilization. Latin American examples of industrial manufacturing of biomass derived chemicals are then provided. Alcochemicals are analyzed in detail as well as essential oils and other chemicals. Finally, references are made to regional Latin American initiatives regarding biomass and the objectives, organization and nature of the initiative are presented.

164

A comparative study of the fatty acid composition of prochloron lipids

Development of a Comprehensive Decontamination Database and an Absorption-Electrochemical Metal Surface Decontamination Technique Combining Chemical and Electrochemical Process

165

Thermodynamics of reactions of chemically stable ceramics formation

The chemical analysis of lipids of Prochloron isolated from several hosts is discussed. The object

1983-01-01

166

Theory of chemical reaction dynamics. Volume 1

Theoretical thermodynamical calculations for the ZrO/sub 2/- Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/-SiO/sub 2/ system are given to expose the regions of the most chemically stable products of crystallization. It is established that ceramics on the base of mullite with zircon addition and containing the minimum quantity of glass phase should be preferably used in chemical media containing HCl.

1981-06-01

167

Sustainable phosphorous fertilisation of potatoes (Potato CHIPS)

This book examines some of the basic principles behind chemical reactions kinetics. Topics considered include ab initio determination of potential energy for chemical reactions; semi-empirical potential energy surfaces; general theory of reactive scattering: different equation approach; and integral equation approach to reactive scattering.

1985-01-01

168

Environmental Research Database

DescriptionThis project has two independent aims: (1) to investigate the use of struvite as an alternative to chemical P fertilisers and (2) to develop an oligonucleotide microarray to monitor the P status of the potato crop. The UK horticultural and agricultural industries rely on large inputs of phosphate (P) fertilisers to maintain crop yields and quality. However, the use of non-renewable, chemical P fertilisers is unsustainable, and the alternatives to chemical P-fertilisers must be identified as an [continued...

2008-01-31

169

Request for interim approval to operate Trench 94 of the 218-E-12B Burial Ground as a chemical waste landfill for disposal of polychlorinated biphenyl waste in submarine reactor compartments. Revision 2.

Microwaves action applied to chemical reactions and processes; L`azione delle microonde nelle reazioni e nei processi chimici

This request is submitted to seek interim approval to operate a Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) of 1976 chemical waste landfill for the disposal of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) waste. Operation of a chemical waste landfill for disposal of PCB waste ...

1994-01-01

170

Investigation of morphology and chemical composition of self-organized semiconductor quantum dots and wires by X-ray scattering

Microwaves improve the rate of many chemical reactions either interacting with the solvent, when the reaction is carried out in solution, or with the surface of a solid substrate where a suitable reagent is dispersed (dry chemistry). A few examples of chemical reactions positively affected by microwaves are described: particularly interesting are those concerning polymers and radio-pharmaceuticals.

1997-03-01

171

Evaluation of indoor and outdoor climate on sites polluted with volatile organic chemicals

X-ray scattering methods suitable for the investigation of the morphology and chemical composition of self-organized quantum dots and quantum wires are reviewed. Their application is demonstrated in experimental examples showing that a combination of small angle X-ray scattering with high-resolution X-ray diffraction can reveal both the shape and the chemical composition of the self-organized objects. (author)

2001-09-23

172

Environmentally-Induced Malignancies: An In Vivo Model to Evaluate the Health Impact of Chemicals in Mixed Waste

Papers presented at a meeting on indoor and outdoor climates on sites polluted with volatile organic chemicals. The papers deal with the subject of evaporation of organic chemicals on the polluted sites in relation to the influence on indoor and outdoor climates. Themes dealt with are diffusion through soils and transport of pollutants from the soil into buildings. (AB).

1993-11-04

173

Detection device for high explosives

Occupational and environmental exposure to organic ligands, solvents, fuel hydrocarbons, and polychlorinated biphenyls are linked with increased risk of hematologic malignancies. DOE facilities and waste sites in the U.S. are contaminated with mixtures of potentially hazardous chemicals such as metals, organic ligands, solvents, fuel hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls and radioactive isotopes. A major goal of this project was to establish linkage between chemical/radiation exposure and induction of genomic damage in target populations with the capability to undergo transformation.

2001-05-04

174

Chemicals from coal: New processes

A portable fiber optic detector that senses the presence of specific target chemicals by electrostatically attracting the target chemical to an aromatic compound coating on an optical fiber. Attaching the target chemical to the coated fiber reduces the fluorescence so that a photon sensing detector records the reduced light level and activates an appropriate alarm or indicator.

1992-01-01

175

Chemical sensitivity of the Ksub(. beta. )/Ksub(. cap alpha. ) x-ray intensity ratio for 3d elements

This book deals specifically with the development of new processes of converting coal into useful chemical feedstocks. The major topic in this volume is the generation of syngas and its catalytic conversion to chemicals via the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Describes processes involved in conversion, recent catalytic developments, and the commercially important Sasol process. Also includes chapters on the carbide process and potential of future developments in the field.

1987-01-01

176

Chemical sensitivity of the Ksub(#nu#)/Ksub(#alpha#) x-ray intensity ratio for 3d elements

Chemical influences on the relative Ksub(..beta..)/Ksub(..cap alpha..) x-ray intensity ratio up to five per cent were found for different chemical constitutions of Cr, Mn, Fe and Cu by very precise PIXE measurements. In the discussion of these effects, screening of 3p electrons by a varying 3d valence charge, as well as polarizational effects are of importance.

1982-12-28

177

Chemical assessments for international programmes III

Chemical influences on the relative Ksub(#nu#)/Ksub(#alpha#) x-ray intensity ratio up to five per cent were found for different chemical constitutions of Cr, Mn, Fe and Cu by very precise PIXE measurements. In the discussion of these effects, screening of 3p electrons by a varying 3d valence charge, as well as polarisational effects are of importance. (author).

1982-12-01

178

Environmental Research Database

DescriptionThis project continues DEFRA's commitment to the International Programme on Chemical Safety, a joint WHO/ILO/UNEP programme. DEFRA's contribution involves preparing Environmental Health Criteira Documents (EHCs), Concise International Chemical Assessments Documents (CICADS) and input to the OECD test Guidelines Programme and gneral risk assessment guidance. Peer reviews of documents prepared through other research in the IPCS network have also been carried out,as well as attending and hosting ta [continued...

2005-01-21

179

Catalytic chemistry

Tissue structure, nuclear organization and gene expression in normal and malignant breast

Most chemical reactions in industry and biology are catalytic and play a role at some stage of the processing of about 80% of the goods manufactured in the U.S., yet catalysis is a neglected subject in chemical education. This book integrates the fragmentary treatment accorded the topic until now. It covers, in a unified way, catalysis in solutions, by enzymes, in synthetic polymers within the molecular scale cages of zeolites and other molecular sieves, and on surfaces of inorganic solids. The central ideas are chemical; and principles are illustrated by emphasizing industrial reactions and catalysts.

1991-01-01

180

Radiosensitization of human lung fibroblasts by chemicals that decrease ATP levels

Because every cell within the body has the same genetic information, a significant problem in biology is to understand how cells within a tissue express genes selectively. A sophisticated network of physical and biochemical signals converge in a highly orchestrated manner to bring about the exquisite regulation that governs gene expression in diverse tissues. Thus, the ultimate decision of a cell to proliferate, express tissue-specific genes, or apoptose must be a coordinated response to its adhesive, growth factor, and hormonal milieu. The unifying hypothesis examined in this overview is that the unit of function in higher organisms is neither the genome nor the cell alone but the complex, three-dimensional tissue. This is because there are bidirectional connections between the components of the cellular microenvironment (growth factors, hormones, and extracellular matrix) and the nucl2048 These connections are made via membrane-bound receptors and transmitted to the nucleus, where ...

2000-01-27

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

181

Natural plant chemicals: source of industrial and medicinal materials

Radiosensitization by lactate, pyruvate, nalidixic acid and novobiocin was studied in exponentially growing SH-18L human lung fibroblasts. All the chemicals had a slight radiosensitizing effect at a low concentration and a definite effect at a higher one. Decreases in the D_0 and/or Dq values were present in each dose survival curve. Fibroblasts incubated with the low concentration of each chemical for 24 hrs after X irradiation showed no reduction in intracellular ATP content, whereas, the higher concentration produced a significant decrease. These observations suggest that the decrease in the ATP content may be involved in the radiosensitization of human fibroblasts at high concentrations of these chemicals. In contrast, radiosensitization at a low concentration is not explained by a relationship to ATP content. Different mechanisms may be involved in radiosensitization at low and high concentrations of these ...

182

Evaluation of the long-term mechanical behavior in the near-fields considering chemical transitions of barrier materials

Many higher plants produce economically important organic compounds such as oils, resins, tannins, natural rubber, gums, waxes, dyes, flavors and fragrances, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides. However, most species of higher plants have never been described, much less surveyed for chemical or biologically active constituents, and new sources of commercially valuable materials remain to be discovered. Advances in biotechnology, particularly methods for culturing plants cells and tissues, should provide new means for the commercial processing of even rare plants and the chemicals they produce. These new technologies will extend and enhance the usefulness of plants as renewable resources of valuable chemicals. In the future, biologically active plant-derived chemicals can be expected to play an increasingly significant role in the commercial development of new products for regulating plant growth and for ...

1985-01-01

183

Structure activity relationships to assess new chemicals under TSCA

An analysis system for the long-term mechanical behavior of barrier materials (MACBECE: Mechanical Analysis system considering Chemical transitions of BEntonite-based and CEment-based materials) was developed in order to improve the reliability of the evaluation of the hydraulic field which is one of the important environmental conditions in the safety assessment of the TRU waste disposal. MACBECE is the system that calculates the deformation of barrier materials using their chemical property changes as inputs, and subsequently calculates their hydraulic conductivity taking both their chemical property changes and deformation into consideration. By using MACBECE, the long-term deformation and the transition of hydraulic field for the round-type disposal cavities were evaluated, assuming some sets of chemical evolution data as input. Based on the analysis result, it is considered that the influence of ...

2007-04-22

184

Density functional calculations of 15N chemical shifts in solvated dipeptides

Under Section 5 of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), manufacturers must notify the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 90 days before manufacturing, processing, or importing a new chemical substance. This is referred to as a premanufacture notice (PMN). The PMN must contain certain information including chemical identity, production volume, proposed uses, estimates of exposure and release, and any health or environmental test data that are available to the submitter. Because there is no explicit statutory authority that requires testing of new chemicals prior to their entry into the market, most PMNs are submitted with little or no data. As a result, EPA has developed special techniques for hazard assessment of PMN chemicals. These include (1) evaluation of available data on the chemical itself, (2) evaluation of data on analogues of the PMN, or evaluation of data on ...

1990-06-27

185

Chemical source identifications for natural resource injury/damage assessments and site assessments

We performed density functional calculations to examine the effects of solvation, hydrogen bonding, backbone conformation, and the side chain on 15N chemical shielding in proteins. We used N-methylacetamide (NMA) and N-formyl-alanyl-X (with X being one of the 19 naturally occurring amino acids excluding proline) as model systems. In addition, calculations were performed for selected fragments from protein GB3. The conducting polarizable continuum model was employed to include the effect of solvent in the density functional calculations. Our calculations for NMA show that the augmentation of the polarizable continuum model with the explicit water molecules in the first solvation shell has a significant influence on isotropic 15N chemical shift but not as much on the chemical shift anisotropy. The difference in the isotropic chemical shift between the standard ?-sheet and ?-helical conformations ranges ...

2008-06-01

186

Simultaneous quantitative measurement of biodegradability and toxicity of environmental chemicals

Current regulations guiding technical aspects of natural resource damage assessments combine source, exposure pathway, resource injury, and monetary damage components. In order to associate any observed injury to the uncontrolled release of chemicals (e.g. oil spills, contaminated sediments, in-place toxics, etc.), it is important to link the chemical ''release'' to the injured resource. In complex environmental settings where multiple sources of similar chemicals are combined, multicomponent chemical methods must be used to link the release to the environmental distribution of chemicals. Three examples of the utility of multicomponent organic chemical analyses linked to comprehensive and representative sampling strategies will be discussed--the Shell Martinez Refinery oil spill, the Exxon Valdez oil spill, and a contaminated sediment assessment. These ...

1993-11-14

187

Conversion of a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposited silicon-carbon-nitride thin film at ultra-low temperature by oxygen plasma

Investigations were made on the biodegradability and bacterial toxicity of chemicals. The intention was to obtain data necessary for estimating and judging the behaviour of these chemicals during aerobic biological waste water treatment. The course of biodegradation and toxicity with time and concentration could be measured, quantified and described. As test procedure, the respirometric dilution method was used. This method is based on a die away test with continuous measuring of the oxygen used for biochemical oxidation processes. The course of the oxygen demand with time and concentration shows the biodegradation and toxicity patterns of the tested chemical. A variety of household and industrial chemicals were investigated. One group of substances were microbiocides, some of which showed toxic effects at concentrations less than 20 mg/l while others were biodegradable even at concentrations of 200 ...

1994-04-01

188

Radiation preservation of foods of plant origin. Part IV. Subtropical fruits: citrus, grapes, and avocados

In this work we present an ultra-low temperature method for the oxidation of an amorphous silicon-carbide-nitride (SiCN) material. The SiCN is deposited on silicon substrates by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition using CH{sub 4}, SiH{sub 4}, and N{sub 2} chemistry. The physical and chemical properties are characterized for the as-deposited SiCN and post-oxidized films are discussed. The SiCN film is exposed to oxygen plasma, where it undergoes a chemical transformation into a binary SiO{sub 2} material system. A 1.7 nm/min oxidation rate is typical for this process and compares favorably to oxidation methods utilizing much higher temperatures. The substrate temperature remains extremely low throughout the oxidation process, T{sub s} < 200 deg. C. Changes in film stress, optical constants, film thickness, surface roughness, and film density are measured. Chemical analysis by X-ray ...

2008-01-30

189

Proceedings of the 8. CANMET/ACI international conference on superplasticizers and other chemical admixtures in concrete : supplementary papers[ACI SP-239

Current information on the use of ionizing radiation for improving the storage of subtropical fruits like citrus, grapes, and avocados is reviewed. The feasibility of applying radiation either alone or in combination with other physical or chemical treatments for the control of postharvest fungal diseases is considered. Irradiation effects on the physiology of the fruits as related to respiration, ethylene evolution, changes in major chemical constituents, and quality are discussed. The recent trends in the possible use of irradiation as an alternative treatment to chemical fumigants for disinfestation of citrus and avocados and the prospects for the future application of irradiation for preservation of some of these fruits are outlined. 128 references.

1986-01-01

190

Influence of anaerobic microbial activity on biosorption of 2,4-dichlorophenol

This book provided a set of supplementary papers provided to delegates at the eighth international CANMET/ACI conference on superplasticizers and chemical admixtures in concrete. Recent research on chemical admixtures and superplasticizers was presented along with new approaches to the practical application of concrete admixtures. The presentations highlighted technological advances in the development of superplasticizers and new approaches to the manufacture and implementation of aggregates. Issues regarding the application of plasticizers with various aggregates were addressed, and interactions between cements and superplasticizers were evaluated. Four of the supplementary papers have been catalogued separately for inclusion in this database. refs., tabs., figs.

2006-07-01

191

Development of a chemically assisted micro-beam etching system for three-dimensional microanalysis

Biosorption is an important removal mechanism in treating hydrophobic toxic organics in biological reactors. Equilibrium sorption isotherms and sorption kinetics of 2,4-dichlorophenol on live and chemically inactive anaerobic granules were studied. A metabolic inhibitor was used to inactivate the biological activity of the biomass. Results showed that the difference in the biosorption of live and chemically inactive anaerobic granules is not significant. This would suggest that anaerobic biosorption is mainly a physical-chemical process and that metabolic-mediated diffusion in the process is negligible. 12 refs., 3 tabs., 7 figs.

1995-12-31

192

Chemical compatibility study of Cooley L18KU, Herculite, and Elephant Mat with Hanford tank waste

A chemically assisted micro-beam etching system for 3D microanalysis was designed. Using chemically assisted ion beam etching (CAIBE) method with FIB shave-off scanning, about several hundred micrometers clean cross-section will be acquired in a few hours. We use focused ion beam (FIB) and electron beam (EB) as micro-beams, halogen or halide mainly as reactive gases. The apparatus was manufactured based on this concept. We found that the FIB, Q-MS and SED worked as expected. The instrumentation has been completed.

2003-01-15

193

Why the United States Must Deploy a National Missile ...

An independent chemical compatibility review of various wrapping and absorbent/padding materials was conducted to evaluate resistance to chemicals and constituents present in liquid waste from the Hanford underground tanks. These materials will be used to wrap long-length contaminated equipment when such equipment is removed from the tanks and prepared for transportation and subsequent disposal or storage. The materials studied were Cooley L18KU, Herculite, and Elephant Mat. The study concludes that these materials are appropriate for use in this application.

1998-06-23

194

WKK-potential in the chemical industry; WKK-potentieel in de chemische industrie

... transItion to more capable space-based interceptors as ... ten wtth bmlogtcal, and thirty with chemical weapons. ... are becoming the weapon of choice ...

2011-05-14

195

Today in History: December 17

The Netherlands Chemical Industry Association (VNCI) is investigating the potential for expansion of the CHP capacity in the Dutch chemical industry. This report discusses the return on investment for CHP installations and the market conditions. Moreover, scenario results are presented for the CHP potential and the development of CHP in the chemical industry until 2020. [Dutch] De Vereniging van de Nederlandse Chemische Industrie (VNCI) heeft onderzoek laten uitvoeren om vast te stellen welke economische en beleidsmatige voorwaarden er zijn om het WKK-potentieel in de Nederlandse chemie te realiseren. Dit rapport brengt de marktpositie van WKK en de rentabiliteit van investeringen in WKK in beeld. Verder worden resultaten gegeven voor de potentiele energiebesparing en emissiereductie en wordt een scenario gepresenteerd voor het WKK-potentieel in de chemische industrie tot 2020.

2009-11-15

196

Thermodynamic, Transport and Chemical Properties of " ...

as manufacturing plants and laboratories, including the Chemical Laboratory at the House of David in Benton Harbor, Michigan. Built in America: Historic Building Buildings Survey/...

2010-12-17

197

Theory of the crystal-liquid phase transition

... Chem. Res., in press, 2006. 8. Smith, BL, Bruno, TJ, Advanced distillation curve measurement with a model predictive temperature controller. Int. ...

2006-06-01

198

Theoretical Basis of Protocols for Seed Storage

The SCF approximation is used in a statistical theory of melting based on equality of the chemical potentials. The results for the melting points of the inert gases are close to the observed values.

1967-02-01

199

The influence of temperature in the "1"3C chemical shifts at the carbonyl region of poly(vinyl acetate)

The protocols presently established for optimum seed storage do not account for the chemical composition of different seed species, the physiological status of the seed, and the physical status of water...Full Text Available

1990-11-01

200

The Structure of Plant Cell Walls

... Inst. de Quimica. Dept. de Quimica Organica Miguez, Eduardo Tavares, Maria

2003-05-05

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201

Synthesis, Characterization and Chondroprotective Properties of a Hyaluronan Thioethyl Ether Derivative

The molecular structure, chemical properties, and biological function of the xyloglucan polysaccharide isolated from cell walls of suspension-cultured sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus)...Full Text Available

1973-01-01

202

Study of Maytenus aquifolium martius chemical compounds stability face to ionizing radiations (x radiation and gamma radiation)

Hyaluronan (HA), a non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan, is widely used in the clinic for viscosurgery, viscosupplementation, and treatment of osteoarthritis. Four decades of chemical modification...Full Text Available

2008-04-01

203

Structural properties of Zr-1%Nb alloy surface modified by impulse electronic beam and hydrogen treatment

Portuguese Sep-Oct 1996 p. 571 Brazil Campos, Patricia Sao Paulo

204

Resistance to pitting and chemical composition of passive films of a Fe-17%Cr alloy in chloride-containing acid solution

... base alloys alloys beams chemical reactions elements hardness irradiation

2010-09-06

205

Research Activities in the Spokane, Washington, Field Office...

The resistance to pitting of a Fe-17%Cr alloy in Cl[sup [minus

1994-10-01

206

Report on NCI symposium: comparison of mechanisms of carcinogenesis by radiation and chemical agents. II. Cellular and animal models

other chemical applications include use in water softeners, detergents, and food additives. The development of phosphate resources as a leasable commodity provides income to...

2011-08-20

207

Recent aspects of new resources for chemical industry- petroleum, CO/H/sub 2/ and biomass materials

The point at which the common final pathway for induction of cancer by chemical carcinogens and ionizing radiation has not been identified. Although common molecular targets are suggested by recent findings about the role of oncogenes, the mechanism by which the deposition of radiation energy and the formation of adducts or other DNA lesions induced by chemicals affects the changes in the relevant targets may be quite different. The damage to DNA that plays no part in the transformation events, but that influences the stability of the genome, and therefore, the probability of subsequent changes that influence tumorigenesis may be more readily induced by some agents than others. Similarly, the degree of cytotoxic effects that disrupt tissue integrity and increase the probability of expression of initiated cells may be dependent on the type of carcinogen. Also, evidence was presented that repair of the initial lesions could be demonstrated after ...

1984-05-20

208

REVIEW OF EXPLOSIVE (CHEMICAL) FORMING

Some Japanese and US coal liquefaction research projects are listed.

1980-02-01

209

Possible preparation of wood-plastic composites based on unsaturated polyester resins and styrene by radiation and chemical methods in combination

... explosive (shotgun shells, etc.) method of forming is being replaced--for the most part--by the electri- cal discharge and magnetic forming methods. ...

1965-04-01

210

Polycarbonate Bottle Use and Urinary Bisphenol A Concentrations

Using the radiation chemical method it is possible to prepare wood-plastic composites using doses of 1 to 2.5 kGy. The impregnation mixture in the wood gelatinates and subsequent curing using chemical initiators takes place without outflow of the mixture from the wood and without formation of incrustations. The basic components of the impregnation mixtures used were unsaturated polyester resins; styrene or methyl methacrylate was used as the thinner. The proven initiator of polymerization was 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile. The technology is described of wood impregnation and radiation or chemical curing. The effects were monitored of viscosity, temperature, radiation dose and the concentrations of the individual components of the impregnation mixtures and initiators of polymerization on the process of the preparation of wood-plastic composites.

1983-06-01

211

BackgroundBisphenol A (BPA) is a high-production-volume chemical commonly used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastic. Low-level concentrations of BPA in animals and possibly...Full Text Available

2009-09-01

212

Poisoning young minds.

OSHA Hazardous-Chemical Occupational Exposure Standard for laboratories: A new management regulation to ensure employee health. Final report

For some neurotoxic chemicals, neurobehavioral effects are now considered to be among the most sensitive end points yet detected, particularly if exposures occur during critical windows of vulnerability....Full Text Available

1999-06-01

213

NSF-NIST Interaction in Chemistry, Materials Research, Molecular Biosciences, Bioengineering and Chemical Engineering

The OSHA's chemical occupational exposure standard for laboratories is an outgrowth of the previously issued Hazard Communication Standard. The standard relieves laboratories from complying with general industry standards but does not require compliance with specific guidelines. The heart of the standard is the creation of a Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP) in every laboratory. The CHP addresses major issues such as safety equipment and procedures, work practices and training, the designation of a chemical hygiene officer, and the provision of medical consultation and examination for affected employees. This new standard, in effect as of 31 January, 1991, presents yet another regulatory challenge to laboratory managers but also will ensure a safer work environment for laboratory workers.

1991-04-01

214

NASA TECH BRIEF - NASA Technical Report Server (NTRS)

NSF-NIST Interaction in Chemistry, Materials Research, Molecular Biosciences, Bioengineering, and ... Laboratory (CSTL). Materials research is centralized in the Materials Science and Engineering ...

215

NASA - NASA Selects Pennsylvania Firm to Build Liquid Nitrogen Plant

(NaMBT) inhibitor in ethylene glycol-water solutions. The improved method must be faster and more accur- ate than wet chemical techniques. ...

216

Microstructure and properties of ultrafine WC-10Co composites with chemically doped VC

Sep 21, 2006 ... NASA has selected Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., Allentown, Pa., to design, furnish and install a plant to produce liquid nitrogen for ...

217

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Vanadium carbide is the most effective grain growth inhibitor for ultrafine WC-Co composites due to its high solubility and mobility in the cobalt phase at relatively low temperatures; however, there are still some debates over the best way to introduce it into the WC-Co formulation. In this paper, the differences between admixed and chemically doped grain growth inhibitors on the microstructural development and properties of an ultrafine WC-10Co composite are discussed. The densification rate of chemically doped samples is slower in the early stage of sintering and the WC grain sizes of the sintered alloys are finer than those of admixed samples, leading to the increase of hardness and transverse rupture strength of the sintered alloys. The effectiveness of the chemically doped inhibitor ...

2011-01-01

218

Mechanism of action of lenalidomide in hematological malignancies

Kinetic energy dependence of the reactions of N"+ ions with NO, CO, CO_2, N_2O and SO_2

Immunomodulatory drugs lenalidomide and pomalidomide are synthetic compounds derived by modifying the chemical structure of thalidomide to improve its potency and reduce its side effects. Lenalidomide...Full Text Available

219

Fourier transform IR studies on the interaction of selected chemicals with isolated cuticles

... kinetics chemical reactions energy dependence ion-molecule collisions milli

1977-07-01

220

Flow rate and decontamination factor of "1"3"7Cs and "1"3"1I through mixed resin bed

It is known that the plant cuticle represents the first barrier that must be overcome by any chemical reaching the plant surface from the atmosphere before entering the plant. Because of the importance of the cuticle as a barrier to penetration of a wide variety of compounds, its morphology, chemistry, and permeability have been extensively studied. However, only limited information is available on the nature of functional chemical groups present and their interaction and role during the penetration process. The usefulness of in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies in identifying functional groups present in isolated cuticles is described and their relationships to the structure of the cuticular membrane are discussed. Applications of infrared spectroscopy on the presence and role of phenolics in the cuticle structure and during the cuticle development, nitrogen oxide binding to isolated cuticles, and the interactions between ...

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221

Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Swimming Pool Bactericides

(Sep 1971). Japan Yokotsuka, Seiichiro Mitsubishi Chemical Industries, Ltd.,

222

Environmental and toxicological aspects of insect growth regulators.

Techniques for culturing, harvesting, and testing bacteria to evaluate bactericidal chemicals for swimming pools are described. Concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 mg of the chlorine stabilizer cyanuric...Full Text Available

1967-05-01

223

Emergencies > Poisoning > Lead Poisoning | Browse EPA Topics...

Insect growth regulators (IGRs) are a class of new chemicals that interfere with maturation and reproduction in insects. Proposed hypotheses on the biochemical mechanism of action are presented herein....Full Text Available

1976-04-01

224