background radiation studies: Topics by WorldWideScience.org

The benefits of low level radiation

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to compare and to validate different dose calculation algorithms for the use in radiation therapy of small lung lesions and to optimize the treatment...Full Text Available

2

Radioprotective Effect of American Ginseng on Human Lymphocytes at 90 Minutes Postirradiation: A Study of 40 Cases

The assumed linear relationship between exposure to radiation and cancer incidence is questioned in this article. The current research data on radiation effects at the cellular level is reviewed, as are epidemiological studies of background radiation effects and health effects of populations exposed to low levels of radiation exposure via employment or medical treatments. Statistics reveal that threshold levels currently in force need to be reviewed. Some evidence of beneficial effects of low level radiation exposure effects of low level radiation exposure is also presented, and so regulations should be reviewed at an international level. (UK).

1997-06-01

3

Radiation hardness of plastic scintillating fiber against fast neutron and #gamma#-ray irradiation

AbstractBackgroundIonizing radiation (IR) initiates intracellular oxidative stress through enhanced formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that attack DNA leading...Full Text Available

2010-05-01

4

Updated estimates of the proportion of childhood leukaemia incidence in Great Britain that may be caused by natural background ionising radiation

In future collider experiments, where a background radiation level is estimated to be very high, e.g. around 10"2 #approx# 10"5 Gy/yr and 10"1"1 #approx# 10"1"4 n/cm"2/yr at SSC, the detectors operating around the collision point in the experiments will encounter a considerable amount of radiation. Therefore, the detectors, especially the calorimeter, are required to be resistive against high radiation levels. From this point of view, it is of great importance to study the effects of radiation damage on the performance of the detectors. The authors report preliminary results of measurements of radiation hardness of the plastic scintillating fiber Kuraray SCSF-81 against irradiation with fast neutrons and "6"0Co #gamma#-rays in the region of the neutron fluence from 1 x 10"1"1 to 5 x 10"1"3 n/cm"2 and the integrated #gamma#-ray dose from 890 ...

1992-10-25

5

Radiation processing technology for cosmetics: a report on a canadian study

The aetiology of childhood leukaemia remains generally unknown, although exposure to moderate and high levels of ionising radiation, such as was experienced during the atomic bombings of Japan or from radiotherapy, is an established cause. Risk models based primarily upon studies of the Japanese A-bomb survivors imply that low-level exposure to ionising radiation, including to ubiquitous natural background radiation, also raises the risk of childhood leukaemia. In a recent paper (Wakeford et al 2009 Leukaemia 23 770-6) we estimated the proportion of childhood leukaemia incidence in Great Britain attributable to natural background radiation to be about 20%. In this paper we employ the two sets of published leukaemia risk models used previously, but use recently published revised estimates of natural background ...

2009-12-01

6

A Feasibility Study of Smoking Cessation Program in Radiation Oncology

Short communications only.

1992-09-13

7

Development of thin foil Faraday collector as a lost alpha particle diagnostic for high yield D-T tokamak fusion plasmas

Cancer and Tobacco Abuse

2007-10-29

8

Local Radiation MHD Instabilities in Magnetically Stratified Media

Alpha particle confinement is necessary for ignition of a D-T tokamak fusion plasma and for first wall protection. Due to high radiation backgrounds and temperatures, scintillators and semiconductor detectors may not be used to study alpha particles which are lost to the first wall during the D-T programs on JET and ITER. An alternative method of charged particle spectrometry capable of operation in these harsh environments, is proposed: it consists of thin foils of electrically isolated conductors with the flux of alpha particles determined by the positive current flowing from the foils. 2 refs., 3 figs.

1994-07-01

9

Measurements and elimination of Cherenkov light in fiber-optic scintillating detector for electron beam therapy dosimetry

We study local radiation magnetohydrodynamic instabilities in static, optically thick, vertically stratified media with constant flux mean opacity. We include the effects of vertical gradients in a horizontal background magnetic field. Assuming rapid radiative diffusion, we use the zero gas pressure limit as an entry point for investigating the coupling between the photon bubble instability and the Parker instability. Apart from factors that depend on wavenumber orientation, the Parker instability exists for wavelengths longer than a characteristic wavelength lambda_{tran}, while photon bubbles exist for wavelengths shorter than lambda_{tran}. The growth rate in the Parker regime is independent of the orientation of the horizontal component of the wavenumber when radiative diffusion is rapid, but the range of Parker-like wavenumbers is extended if there exists strong horizontal ...

2011-01-01

10

Systematics of average radiative width of heavy nuclides

In this study, a miniature fiber-optic radiation detector has been developed using a water-equivalent organic scintillator for electron beam therapy dosimetry. Usually, two kinds of light signals such as fluorescent and Cherenkov lights are generated in a fiber-optic radiation detector when a high-energy electron beam is irradiated. The fluorescent light signal is produced in the scintillator and is transmitted through a plastic optical fiber to a remote light-measuring device such as a PMT or a photodiode. The Cherenkov light could be also produced in the plastic optical fiber itself and be detected by a light-measuring device. Therefore, it could cause problems or limit the accuracy of the detection of a fluorescent light signal that is proportional to dose. The objectives of this study are to measure, characterize and eliminate Cherenkov light generated in a plastic optical fiber used as a component ...

2007-08-21

11

Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy in the treatment of pituitary macroadenomas

Systematics of neutron capture radiative width were studied in the target element range from Th to Cm. Reduced radiative widths were analyzed with a simple radiative width formula based on E1 transition. Average radiative width is presented with the standard deviation of 15%. (author)

1999-03-01

12

Natural background radiation induces cytogenetic radioadaptive response more effectively than occupational exposure in human peripheral blood lymphocytes

BackgroundThe use of fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (fsrt) has evolved with technical advances in noninvasive immobilization, radiation delivery, and image guidance....Full Text Available

2008-12-01

13

What Parents Should Know about Medical Radiation Safety in Interventional Radiology

Ramsar, a city in the northern Iran, has the highest level of natural background radiation in the world. It has been clearly shown that low doses of ionising radiation can induce resistance to subsequent higher exposures. This phenomenon is termed radioadaptive response. We have compared induction of cytogenetic radioadaptive response by High Natural Background Radiation (HNBR) in Ramsar and X-ray occupational exposure as conditioning doses in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. 30 healthy control individuals, living in Ramsar but in normal background radiation areas, 15 healthy individuals from Talesh Mahalleh, a region with extraordinary high level of background radiation, and 7 X-ray radiographers working in Ramsar hospital located in normal natural background ionising ...

2003-01-01

14

Simvastatin ameliorates radiation enteropathy development after localized, fractionated irradiation by a protein C-independent mechanism

... Amount Background Radiation Blood vessel central line, PICC (peripherally inserted central catheter) or port placement, simple 0.4 mSv ...

15

Effects of small doses of ionizing radiation on human health

BackgroundMicrovascular injury plays a key role in normal tissue radiation responses. Statins, in addition to their lipid-lowering effects, have vasculoprotective...Full Text Available

2007-08-01

16

Effects of small doses of ionizing radiation on human health

The risks to human health from small doses of ionizing radiation raise questions which remain largely unanswered. This paper begins by explaining the historical background to this subject; it goes on to discuss recent developments and concludes with a personal view of the dose-reponse relationship. (author).

1997-12-01

17

Higher harmonics of spontaneous radiation of ultrarelativistic channeled particles

The risks to human health from small doses of ionizing radiation raise questions which remain largely unanswered. This paper begins by explaining the historical background to this subject; it goes on to discuss recent developments and concludes with a personal view of the dose-reponse relationship. (author).

1997-01-01

18

Analysis of efficacy of process water monitors in detecting heavy water leak in steam generator blow down lines

The case of spontaneous radiation of channeled ultrarelativistic particles is considered when the dipolarity condition is not satisfied. The change of the particle longitudinal velocity affecting the maximum radiation frequency is included. The angular and frequency characteristics of the radiation for superhigh energies are studied for the first time. It is shown that there is an optimum energy at which the radiation density is maximum. The influence of the angle at which electrons enter a crystal and of the beam divergence on the radiation is investigated. The problem of quasichanneled particle radiation and also the radiation in axis-plane transitions are considered. (author).

1980-06-01

19

Tumorigenic and tumoricidal actions of ionizing radiations

The Steam Generator (SG) serves as an interface between primary and secondary cycle in Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR). Failure of steam generator tubes result in leaking of active heavy water in the secondary closed loop. In Tarapur Atomic Power Station-3 and 4 (TAPS- 3 and 4), Scintillator detectors are provided to detect on line heavy water leakages in SG and moderator heat exchangers by monitoring Nitrogen-16 ("1"6N) and Oxygen-19 ("1"90) activities. Efficacy of detection of these activities at designed detector position on SG blow down line in presence of background radiation field is analysed theoretically. The count rate of "1"9O and "1"6N estimated at the detector position inside Reactor Building (RB) shows that detectors only respond to very high leak rates due to presence of high background even though sensitivity is appreciably good. For detector position out side the RB containment, the travel time for ...

2005-11-23

20

Comparing two strategies of dynamic intensity modulated radiation therapy (dIMRT) with 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) in the hypofractionated treatment of high-risk prostate cancer

The book is divided into two approximately equal parts. The first four chapters are relatively lengthy and cover the basic principles of radiation biology, carcinogenesis and therapy, along with a brief introduction to radiological physics to orient the reader without background in this specialized related discipline. The remainder consists of twenty-four relatively brief chapters, each covering the radiation biology of a specific organ, tissue, or systems tissues, with emphasis on the tumorigenic and tumoricidal action of ionizing radiations.

1983-01-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

21

Study of Maytenus aquifolium martius chemical compounds stability face to ionizing radiations (x radiation and gamma radiation)

BackgroundTo compare two strategies of dynamic intensity modulated radiation therapy (dIMRT) with 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) in the setting of hypofractionated...Full Text Available

22

Studies on lipids in fractions of spherosomes and mitochondria of #gamma#-irradiated seeds of peanuts and walnuts

Portuguese Sep-Oct 1996 p. 571 Brazil Campos, Patricia Sao Paulo

23

Enhancement of efficacy of process water monitors in detecting heavy water leak in steam generator blow down lines

... chemical radiation effects decomposition extraction columns gamma radiation

1972-01-01

24

Population exposure to external natural radiation background in the United States

The Steam Generator (SG) serves as an interface between primary and secondary cycle in Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR). Failure of steam generator tubes result in leaking of active heavy water in the secondary closed loop. In Tarapur Atomic Power Station-3 and 4 (TAPS- 3 and 4), Scintillator detectors are provided to detect on line heavy water leakages in SG and moderator heat exchangers by monitoring Nitrogen-16 (16N) and Oxygen-19 (19O) activities. Efficacy of detection of these activities at designed detector position on SG blow down line in presence of background radiation field is analysed theoretically. The count rate of 19O and 16N estimated at the detector position inside Reactor Building (RB) shows that detectors only respond to very high leak rates due to presence of high ambient radiation level even though sensitivity is appreciably good. For detector position in RB in the accessible areas and out side the ...

2006-11-13

25

Depression literacy among Australians of Chinese-speaking background in Melbourne, Australia

This report revises estimates of population exposure to external natural background made by D. T. Oakley in 1972. The revisions include more recent estimates of dose equivalents from cosmic rays, use of 1970 U.S. census data, and corrections for building shielding and for self-shielding in the body. The dose equivalents calculated are those from cosmic rays and terrestrial radiation, and do not include doses from natural radioactive materials in the body.

1981-04-01

26

ESR study in radiation damage in pyrimidines. 3-year comprehensive progress report

BackgroundThis study investigated the knowledge of depression and preference for professional help, medications and treatment methods among Australians of Chinese-speaking background,...Full Text Available

27

Estimation of cancer risks from radiotherapy of benign diseases

General mechanisms of radiation damage to biomolecules was studied by using substituted pyrimidines, particularly barbituric acid derivatives.

28

Estimation of cancer risks from radiotherapy of benign diseases

Background: The effective-dose method which was proposed by the ICRP (International Commission of Radiation Protection) for the estimation of risk to the general population from occupational or environmental, low-dose radiation exposure is not adequate for estimating the risk of cancer induction by radiotherapy of malignant or nonmalignant diseases. Methods:The risk of cancer induction by radiotherapy of benign diseases should be based on epidemiologic data directly derived from follow-up studies of patients who had been given radiotherapy for nonmalignant diseases in the past. Results: Risk factors were derived from epidemiologic studies of patients treated with irradiation for nonmalignant diseases to be used for selecting treatment options and optimizing treatment procedures. Conclusion: In most cases, cancer risks estimated by the effective-dose method may overestimate the true ...

2006-08-15

29

Performance of the transition radiation detector in D{Phi}

Background: The effective-dose method which was proposed by the ICRP (International Commission of Radiation Protection) for the estimation of risk to the general population from occupational or environmental, low-dose radiation exposure is not adequate for estimating the risk of cancer induction by radiotherapy of malignant or nonmalignant diseases. Methods:The risk of cancer induction by radiotherapy of benign diseases should be based on epidemiologic data directly derived from follow-up studies of patients who had been given radiotherapy for nonmalignant diseases in the past. Results: Risk factors were derived from epidemiologic studies of patients treated with irradiation for nonmalignant diseases to be used for selecting treatment options and optimizing treatment procedures. Conclusion: In most cases, cancer risks estimated by the effective-dose method may overestimate the true ...

2006-08-01

30

Near-Core and In-Core Neutron Radiation Monitors for Real Time Neutron Flux Monitoring and Reactor Power Level Measurements

The transition radiation detector (TRD) for the D{Phi} experiment is currently in operation at Fermilab. Transition radiation production, which has been clearly observed in the collider data, makes the TRD a valuable tool to discriminate electrons and hadrons. We describe an algorithm based on the truncated energy, and illustrate its use for top signal and background. (authors). 7 refs., 6 figs., 2 tabs.

1994-12-31

31

[Study of body composition by potassium-40 measurement in patients with breast and uterine cancer].

MPFDs are a new class of detectors that utilize properties from existing radiation detector designs. A majority of these characteristics come from fission chamber designs. These include radiation hardness, gamma-ray background insensitivity, and large signal output.

2006-06-12

32

Exclusion, exemption and clearance in the mining and minerals industry - A review of the concepts from a South African perspective

Total potassium was assayed in 150 normal weight and obese females (cervical carcinoma-52, endometrial carcinoma-25 and breast cancer-73) by measurements of 40K spontaneous radiation in a low-background chamber. Control group included 30 healthy and 25 obese females. Computations of body cell and extracellular mass and fat were carried out on the basis of the said measurements. Extracellular fluid volume was measured in 38 patients by X-ray fluorescence method using sodium bromide. The results pointed to a body cell mass deficit matched by increased extracellular mass due to a higher fat level in patients with breast, endometrial and cervical carcinoma. The said correlation was particularly pronounced in obese patients. The beneficial effect of treatment was more often observed in patients with normal body weight. PMID:3739295

1986-01-01

33

Black hole radiation in Bose-Einstein condensates

The risks from mining and processing of ores is reviewed on a generic basis with particular reference to some of the confusions which can arise due to lack of consistency or common logic in the use of exclusion, exemption and clearance. The difference in exclusion and exemption are challenged by comparing doses received in high background radiation areas and the doses received from a mining practice. The common principle of risk to the human species is not applied consistently. The differences between IAEA recommendations and local regulatory conditions are compared, and the use of exemption levels as clearance levels is considered. A case study on management of mine tailings is presented with special focus on the use of clearance levels. In all areas of review the interpretation of regulation is subject to confusion resulting from inconsistencies which can distort free market economics. (author).

1997-05-06

34

Study of particles trapped by a magnetic field

We study the phonon fluxes emitted when the condensate velocity crosses the speed of sound, i.e., in backgrounds which are analogue to that of a black hole. We focus on elongated one dimensional condensates, and on stationary flows. Our theoretical analysis and numerical results are based on the Bogoliubov-de-Gennes equation without any further approximation. The spectral properties of the fluxes and of the long distance density-density correlations are obtained, with and without an initial temperature. In realistic conditions, we show that the condensate temperature dominates the fluxes, and thus hides the presence of the spontaneous emission (the Hawking effect). We also explain why the temperature amplifies the long distance correlations which are intrinsic to this effect. This confirms that the correlations pattern offers a neat signature of the Hawking effect. Optimal conditions to observe the pattern are discussed.

2009-01-01

35

Gravitational waves from the big bang

A new type of radiation which occurs when particles are accelerated in the field of a longitudinal wave and in a transverse magnetic field is studied. The characteristics of such spontaneous radiation are obtained, and the influence of collective effects on the radiation is analyzed. The application of the findings to the theory of free electron lasers is discussed. 8 references.

1986-01-01

36

The natural background approach to setting radiation standards

The gravitational radiation produced by the big bang is calculated in order to provide a condition for the unification of the gravitational and electromagnetic forces. By analogy with electromagnetic radiation and under the assumption that gravity is also quantized, it is shown that matter would have decoupled from gravitational radiation at a time of approximately 10 to the -43rd sec and would have dominated it at 10 to the -17th sec. Furthermore, the theory predicts a background gravitational radiation temperature of 0.003 K which peaks at a wavelength of about 1 m, which may be detected by the comparison of the synchronization of clocks at increasing distances.

1980-12-20

37

Study of Heat Transfer Augmentation in a High-Temperature Field by a Radiation Promoter Generating a Secondary Flow

The suggestion has often been made that an additional radiation exposure imposed on humanity as a result of some important activity such as electricity generation would be acceptable if the exposure was 'small' compared to the natural background. In order to make this concept quantitative and objective, we propose that 'small compared with the natural background' be interpreted as the standard deviation (weighted with the exposed population) of the natural background. We believe that this use of the variation in natural background radiation is less arbitrary and requires fewer unfounded assumptions than some current approaches to standard-setting. The standard deviation is an easily calculated statistic that is small compared with the mean value for natural exposures of populations. It is an objectively determined quantity and its significance is generally ...

1979-03-09

38

Establishment of Short-Term Teratogenicity Study for Detecting Developmental Toxicity Induced by Gamma Radiation

Not Available

1999-01-01

39

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

2004-06-01

40

Behavior study of polyphenols from Maytenus aquifolium due to X and gamma radiations

Light amplifier with filtering of spontaneous background

Short communication.

1995-09-03

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

41

Identification of novel DNA repair proteins via primary sequence, secondary structure, and homology

A comparitive analysis is made of the principal characteristics of narrow-band and conventional semiconductor light amplifiers. It is shown that quasi-distributed filtering of the spontaneous radiation ensures a high gain and a low level of the spontaneous noise at the amplifier output.

1980-06-01

42

Comparison of coplanar and noncoplanar intensity-modulated radiation therapy and helical tomotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma

BackgroundDNA repair is the general term for the collection of critical mechanisms which repair many forms of DNA damage such as methylation or ionizing radiation. DNA repair has...Full Text Available

43

A new perspective on phylogeny and evolution of tetraodontiform fishes (Pisces: Acanthopterygii) based on whole mitochondrial genome sequences: Basal ecological diversification?

BackgroundTo compare the differences in dose-volume data among coplanar intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), noncoplanar IMRT, and helical tomotherapy (HT) among patients with...Full Text Available

44

Radiation-response study of new radiation-hardened low-power TTL series

BackgroundThe order Tetraodontiformes consists of approximately 429 species of fishes in nine families. Members of the order exhibit striking morphological diversity and radiated...Full Text Available

45

Radiation deamination of tetracycline. [Gamma radiation

(Dec 1971). United States Olson, RJ Alexander, DR Antinone, RJ Durham,

46

Study on dose distribution of therapeutic proton beams with prompt gamma measurement

The fundamental product of tetracycline hydrochlorine gamma radiolysis was separated in its solid state. From the results of spectroscopic studies it has been established that it is des-N,N-dimethylaminotetracycline.

1980-01-01

47

Hyperfractionated radiation therapy for incompletely resected supratentorial low-grade glioma. A phase II study

The proton beam has an advantage of the sharp dose falloff in dose distribution called Bragg peak while conventional radiation therapy modalities such as photons exhibit considerable amount of exit dose. To take advantage of this property it is important to know the exact location of the distal dose falloff. An error can cause overdose to the normal tissue or underdose to the tumor volume. The only way of finding out the dose distribution in-situ in particle therapy is to measure the gammas produced by nuclear reactions with tissue materials. Two kinds of gammas can be used: one is prompt gamma and the other is coincident gamma from the positron-emission isotopes. We chose to detect prompt gammas, and developed a prompt gamma scanning system (PGS). The proton beams of the proton therapy facility at National Cancer Center were used. The gamma distribution was compared to the dose distribution measured by an ionization chamber at three different energies of 100, 150, ...

2007-03-15

48

Study of Maytenus aquifolium martius chemical compounds stability face to ionizing radiations (x radiation and gamma radiation); Estudo da estabilidade dos compostos quimicos de Maytenus aquifolium martius frente a radiacao ionizante (X e Y)

Background and purpose: In order to investigate the feasibility, toxicity and antitumor efficacy of hyperfractionated radiation therapy, 37 adult patients with incompletely resected supratentorial low-grade glioma were entered into a phase II study. Materials and methods: The radiation therapy dose was 55 Gy in 50 fractions in 25 treatment days over 5 weeks to the tumor plus a 2-cm margin, with an additional 17.6 Gy given in 16 fractions in 8 treatment days over 1.5 weeks to the tumor plus a 1-cm margin, using 1.1 Gy b.i.d. fractionation with a 6 h interfraction interval. The total tumor dose was 72.6 Gy in 66 fractions in 33 treatment days over 6.5 weeks. Results: The median survival time (MST) for all 37 patients has not yet been attained, while 5- and 7-year survival rates were 75% and 69%, respectively. The median time to tumor progression (MTP) has also not yet been attained, while 5- and 7-year ...

1998-10-01

49

Risk of cancer after low doses of ionising radiation: retrospective cohort study in 15 countries

No abstract prepared

1996-09-01

50

Study of emission of Cerenkov radiation by tachyons

Objectives To provide direct estimates of risk of cancer after protracted low doses of ionising radiation and to strengthen the scientific basis of radiation protection standards for environmental,...Full Text Available

2005-07-09

51

Model of quantum noise of shadow radiation images

The emission of Cerenkov radiation by tachyons has been examined by using the reduced expansions of superluminal electromagnetic fields in terms of standard helicity representation of Poincare group. It has been shown that the tachyons emit Cerenkov radiation through their coupling only with subluminal electromagnetic fields and that a charged tachyon can emit Cerenkov radiation only in the media in which it travels with a velocity lower than that of light while in the usual medium in which its velocity is more than that of light, it will never emit Cerenkov radiation.

1983-01-01

52

The issues in electronics hardening

Correlation characteristics of quantum noise on the shadow radiation image (RI) of the object under nondestructive testing are studied. Mathematical model of RI occasional distortions is derived. The model takes into account the parameters of object under testing and of radiation beam by radiation quanta flux density. The results obtained can be used as a component in the process of investigation of various radiation testing systems

53

Irradiation with and without razoxane in the treatment of incompletely resected or inoperable recurrent rectal cancer. Results of a small randomized multicenter study

This paper addresses the background and the continuously evolving topics of hardening and electronic components. Typical radiation environments from 1960 are described. Examples of a civilian satellite and of future particle physics colliders help illustrate hardening problems. Effects in components, limits of shielding, and three methods of providing components are described. The authors conclude by focusing on both future trends of radiation environments and anticipated progress in electronics. (authors). 10 refs., 9 figs., 4 tabs.

54

Sophisticated applications of radiation heat transfer

Background and Purpose: In an earlier phase II study, irradiation together with razoxane was shown to improve local control in recurrent rectal cancer. Therefore, the Austrian Society of Radiooncology (OeGRO) initiated a randomized controlled trial in 1992 to compare this combined treatment versus radiation therapy alone. Patients and Methods: Between 1992 and 1999, 36 patients with localized recurrences of rectal cancer were randomized to receive radiotherapy without (group A) or with razoxane (group B). The prognostic variables of the two groups were similar except for a longer median latency period from initial surgery to local recurrence in group A. High-energy photons with daily fractions between 170 and 200 cGy were used. The median total radiation dose was 60 Gy in each group. The patients in group B received a median razoxane dose of 9.6 g (range, 5-12 g). Main outcome measures were local ...

2007-07-15

55

Reconnaissance radiological characterization for the White Point Nike Missile Site, San Pedro, California

A large amount of energy has been consumed so far in so called matured industries such as iron and steel, oil refinery, petrochemical, ceramic, paper and pulp manufacturing and so forth. A successive stimulation on the preceding industries has to be enhanced from a technological viewpoint in order to maintain a further development based on novel and innovative technologies. In this regard, energy technology has become and will be increasingly important in a high temperature system so that the basic concept for heat transfer augmentation methods by thermal radiation is reviewed briefly in accord with the recent developments together with theoretical background and the prominent features. The heat transfer augmentation related to thermal radiation is summarized.

1987-01-01

56

Radiation-annealing hardening of vanadium

This report is the result of field work performed at the former White Point Nike Missile Site, San Pedro, California. The Hazardous Waste Remedial Actions Program tasked the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Pollutant Assessments Group in Grand Junction, Colo., with this project. The objective was to determine whether or not radioisotopes possibly associated with past Department of Defense (DOD) operations were present and within accepted background levels. The radiation survey was accomplished by performing three independent radiation surveys, both outdoors and indoors, and random soil sampling. Initially, the site was land surveyed to develop a grid block system. A background radiation investigation was performed out in the San Pedro area.

57

Optical Modelling of the HFI Instrument on Board the Planck Surveyor

A study is made of the mechanical properties of vanadium irradiated with fast neutrons up to dose 8.6.10"-"4 dpa, as a function of the temperature of post-radiation annealing. The radiation-annealing hardening (RAH) effect is observed at 300"oC, in agreement with previous studies. It is established for the first time that RAH is accompanied by fall in ductility. A phenomenological model is described which explains the dependence of RAH on radiation dose and temperature, as well as on the content of chemically active alloying impurities. (author).

58

Periodontal disease and spontaneous preterm birth: a case control study

The PLANCK SURVEYOR is a European Space Agency satellite mission to image the very faint anisotropies in the temperature of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation. Maynooth is actively participating in an international collaboration of scientists involved with the optical design of the High Frequency Instrument (HFI). This paper outlines research which has been undertaken in Maynooth concerned with numerical modelling of the optical characteristics of the multi-frequency array of detectors making up the HFI instrument. In the study the commercial software package ZEMAX was used to model the coupling of the focal plane HFI detectors to the PLANCK telescope. This package is particularly useful in the optical design of PLANCK because of the powerful optimisation features of the software. It is thus possible to readily determine the optimum positioning of the detectors in the focal plane of the telescope. Although the ...

1999-07-01

59

The medical exposures to ionizing radiations, it is a world priority in radiation protection

BackgroundSeveral studies have suggested an association between periodontal disease and prematurity but this finding has not been consistently observed.MethodsCase...Full Text Available

60

Investigations of excretion rates of the radionuclides {sup 230}Th, {sup 226}Ra, {sup 210}Pb and {sup 210}Po of persons of the general population and of workers in selected regions in Germany

The document published under A/63:46 and titled report of the scientific committee of United Nations for the study of ionizing radiations effects, gives the situation of the fifty sixth session of the committee that stood at Vienna from the 10. to 18. july 2008. In the chapter 3 of this report the writers summarize the strategic planning and the working program of the scientific committee for the period 2009-2013. They note that the committee worry about the inadequate means, particularly in personnel. The priorities for the given period will be the medical exposure of patients, the radiation levels and the effects of energy production, the exposure to natural radiation sources and the improvement of the understanding of the effects of the low doses radiation exposure. (N.C.)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

61

Radiological assessment of terrestrial environment of facilities of G.I.P. CYCERON from Caen - year 2003; Bilan radiologique de l'environnement terrestre des installations du GIP CYCERON de Caen - annee 2003

According to ICRP 60 and European-Directive 96/29, Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) and Technical Enriched Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (TENORM) have to take the radiation protection of the general population as well as of workers into account. The German radiation protection regulations stress that particularly. In connection with these regulations, various measurement programs have been and still are performed to investigate the relevant exposure paths. One of these programs is the determination of the intake of natural occurring radionuclides of the uranium decay series in individuals of the public, in exposed regions and houses and also at NORM workplaces by excretion analysis. Excretion analysis surveillance is one of the common tools for internal dosimetry. Sources of primordial radionuclides could be the ingestion of foodstuff and water and the incorporation of (mostly airborne) pollution on work places. The ...

2006-07-01

62

Further assessment of the effects of occupational radiation exposure in the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority mortality study.

Concerning the gamma emitters, the only analysis on soils put in evidence the presence of cesium-137 ({sup 137}Cs), that does not come from the cyclotron functioning but from past man action as the Chernobylsk accident and the nuclear weapon tests in atmosphere. Independently of the functioning of the installation, we observe an increase of the ambient gamma radiation only near radioactive waste storage. It results of the storage of the former cyclotron elements. The induced increase is moderated because at 5 meters the values do not exceed the background noise. In relation with the functioning of the installation an increase of the ambient gamma radiation is noticed. Two causes are to considered: the release of radionuclides in atmosphere with gaseous effluents and the radiance of radiation sources inside the building. After the stopping of the installation (48 h at least), no increase of gamma ...

2004-07-01

63

Electron spin resonance studies of radiation effects in biological materials. An assessment of current and future research

The United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority mortality study was designed to investigate the relation between exposure to ionising radiation and mortality among the authority's employees. The present...Full Text Available

1987-03-01

64

The German uranium miners cohort study (Wismut cohort), 1946-2003. Technical report

Electron spin resonance spectroscopy can provide a powerful approach to the study of radiation effects in biological materials. This memorandum gives an overview of current and future research. (author).

1987-06-01

65

Molecular targeted treatment and radiation therapy for rectal cancer

From 1946 - 1990, i.e. from shortly after the end of World War II and the rise of the cold war until the German reunification, there had been extensive uranium mining both in Saxony and Thuringia, which formed the southern parts of the former German Democratic Republic. Mining activities started in Saxony in the Ore Mountains (German: Erzgebirge). Mining was conducted by a Soviet, since 1954 by a Soviet- German Incorporated Company named Wismut. It is estimated that about 400,000 persons may have worked in this time period with the company, most of them underground or in uranium ore processing facilities. In the early years, exposure to radiation and dust was particularly high for underground workers. After introduction of several ventilation measures and wet drilling from 1955 onwards, the levels of exposures to the various agents steadily decreased. After German reunification, it was decided by the German Federal Ministry for the Environment to save health data ...

66

Impact of more intensive written information in patients having radical radiation therapy: Results of a prospective randomized phase III trial

Background: EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) inhibitors confer clinical benefit in metastatic colorectal cancer when combined with chemotherapy. An emerging strategy to improve outcomes in rectal cancer is to integrate biologically active, targeted agents as triple therapy into chemoradiation protocols. Material and methods: cetuximab and bevacizumab have now been incorporated into phase I-II studies of preoperative chemoradiation therapy (CRT) for rectal cancer. The rationale of these combinations, early efficacy and toxicity data, and possible molecular predictors for tumor response are reviewed. Computerized bibliographic searches of Pubmed were supplemented with hand searches of reference lists and abstracts of ASCO and ASTRO meetings. Results: the combination of cetuximab and CRT can be safely applied without dose compromises of the respective treatment components. Disappointingly low ...

2009-06-15

67

Study of #beta#"- decay of "1"0"1Mo and "1"0"1Tc nuclei

Background and purpose: A diagnosis of malignancy and its treatment is a very stressful time for patients and their families. This study was conducted to determine the impact of more intensive written information on patients' anxiety levels. The secondary aim was to determine the impact of this information on patients' satisfaction levels. Materials and methods: This prospective randomized trial consisted of patients with a pathological diagnosis of cancer having radical radiotherapy (RT). Patients were randomized to receive the more intensive information (including written information and a telephone call from the research nurse) or not to receive the more intensive information at the time of their initial consultation with the radiation oncologist. Study questionnaires measuring anxiety (STAI form) were completed prior to their first consultation (baseline) at the time of simulation (pre-RT) and at ...

2010-08-01

68

Radiation dose in computerized tomography

... radioisotopes coincidence methods energy-level transitions gamma radiation

1998-09-08

69

Electroluminescence Study of Green Be-Contained II-VI ...

Dosimetric studies in 80 patients examined with the tomographic device 'Somatom' are reported. The gonad doses are compared to those of conventional radiographic techniques.

70

Observation of the Far-ultraviolet Continuum Background with SPEAR/FIMS

... laser structure. However, still the greater part (60%) of emitted photons is a result of a spontaneous radiation process. In ...

2000-06-23

71

uv photobiology: postreplication repair. [Escherichia coli, synchrotron radiation

We present the general properties of the far-ultraviolet (FUV; 1370-1720A) continuum background over most of the sky, obtained with the Spectroscopy of Plasma Evolution from Astrophysical Radiation instrument (SPEAR, also known as FIMS), flown aboard the STSAT-1 satellite mission. We find that the diffuse FUV continuum intensity is well correlated with N_{HI}, 100 $\\mu$m, and H-alpha intensities but anti-correlated with soft X-ray. The strongest correlation is with the H-alpha emission, and the correlation of the diffuse background with the direct stellar flux is weaker than the correlation with other parameters. The continuum spectra are relatively flat. However, a weak softening of the FUV spectra toward some sight lines, mostly at high Galactic latitudes, is found not only in direct-stellar but also in diffuse background spectra. The diffuse background is relatively softer that ...

2010-01-01

72

Kinetics of low-temperature radiation hardening of metallic materials under irradiation

The following topics are discussed: insertion of incorrect bases in DNA; ability of DNA polymerase to copy uv-irradiated DNA; role of enzymes in repair of DNA; effects of uv radiation on molecular weight of DNA; photoreactivation; repair of DNA in Escherichia coli and xp cells following uv radiation; and synchrotron radiation studies on DNA repair. (HLW)

1978-01-01

73

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A formula is obtained which describes the kinetics of low-temperature radiation hardening caused by creation of dislocation loops of interstitial type during irradiation. The radiation hardening of aluminum and vanadium is estimated using this formula and results of experiments on studying processes of nucleation and growth of interstitial dislocation loops in these materials by transparent electron microscopy. It is shown that the proposed formula is valid for description of the kinetics of low-temperature radiation hardening.

2011-01-01

74

Cluster-loop structure influence on molybdenum radiation hardening

Radiation Protection Aspects of the Linac Coherent Light Source Front End

Results on defect structure study and degree of molybdenum radiation hardening irradiated by fission neutrons and medium energy alpha-particles are presented. It is shown that molybdenum irradiation by alpha-particles and neutrons leads to different degree of material hardening for the same damage level. It is established that molybdenum radiation hardening is mainly defined by radiation defect clusters visible in electron microscope whose coefficient of rigidity depends on their size. 5 refs.; 6 figs.; 2 tabs. (author).

1990-05-22

75

Muon trigger, flavour tagging and physics performance of the LHCb experiment; Trigger a muons, etiquetage de la saveur et performances physiques de l'experience LHCb

The Front End Enclosure (FEE) of the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) is a shielding housing located between the electron dump area and the first experimental hutch. The upstream part of the FEE hosts the commissioning diagnostics for the FEL beam. In the downstream part of the FEE, two sets of grazing incidence mirror and several collimators are used to direct the beam to one of the experimental stations and reduce the bremsstrahlung background and the hard component of the spontaneous radiation spectrum. This paper addresses the beam loss assumptions and radiation sources entering the FEE used for the design of the FEE shielding using the Monte-Carlo code FLUKA. The beam containment system prevents abnormal levels of radiations inside the FEE and ensures that the beam remains in its intended path is also described.

2010-08-26

76

Improvement of a high-resolution pulse cold neutron spectrometer AGNES

The LHCb experiment that is being settled in CERN is dedicated to the study of CP violation and rare decays in the field of beauty hadrons. The phenomenological background necessary to an adequate understanding of the physics of flavor is presented in the first chapter, it is shown how the flavordynamics can open the way to new physics. The second chapter is dedicated to a brief presentation of the LHCb detector. Two aspects of the design of the muon trigger are more detailed: the radiation resistance of the opto-electronic transmitters and the simulated performances of the trigger. The third chapter reviews the tasks linked to the tagging of the savors of B mesons which will be an important step in all the experiments made at LHCb. The recent progress in heavy savor physics as well as the expected contribution of LHCb in this field are presented in the fourth chapter, especially the search for new physics in penguin ...

2007-10-15

77

LUCIFER, a potentially background-free approach to the search for neutrinoless double beta decay

AGNES is a chopper spectrometer installed at the top of the C3 cold guide of JRR-3 (JAERI, Tokai). In 2004 - 2006, this spectrometer was greatly improved by installing (1) 208 new detectors to make the detector bank complete, (2) new radiation shields composed of Fe (14 mm), polyethylene (50 mm), B4C rubber (10 mm), and Cd (0.5 mm) sheets, (3) a new control system for the anti-frame-overlap chopper rotating simultaneously with the Fermi chopper, (4) a monitor counter at the space between the chopper and monochromator, (5) a neutron guide tube (50 cm) before the monochromator, (6) a new instrument control (monochromators, choppers, beam narrowers, etc.) and measurement control (real-time data monitoring, sample temperature control, etc.) systems, (7) a top-loading type cryostat workable at a wide temperature range of 6 - 480 K. As the results of these improvements, the signal intensity has been increased by 3.3 and the background has been ...

2007-01-01

78

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

LUCIFER (Low-background Underground Cryogenic Installation For Elusive Rates) is a new project for the study of neutrinoless Double Beta Decay, based on the technology of scintillating bolometers. These devices promise a very efficient rejection of the alpha background, opening the way to a virtual background-free experiment if candidates with a transition energy higher than 2615 keV are investigated. The baseline candidate for LUCIFER is 82Se. This isotope will be embedded in ZnSe crystals grown with enriched selenium and operated as scintillating bolometers in a low-radioactivity underground dilution refrigerator. In this paper, the LUCIFER concept will be introduced. The sensitivity and the very promising prospects related to this project will be discussed.

2011-01-01

79

Continuum background suppression using various selectors

Can intensity-modulated radiation therapy of the paraaortic region overcome the problems of critical organ tolerance?

Continuum events represent an eminent source of background in any e+e- experiment. As these have a higher branching ratio than BB-bar events (at BaBar this ratio is estimated to about 3.5) or ?+?- events, efficient continuum background suppression is essential in many analyses. Using Artificial Neural Networks and the Nearest Neighbor Method we developed several selectors which, based only on the global event shape variables, efficiently tag BB-bar events and ?+?- events against the continuum background. These selectors could then be combined with the channel specific information in various types of analyses. The study was done using a parametric Monte Carlo.

1999-10-04

80

Somatic effects in nuclear medicine and radiology

Background and purpose: the recent RTOG guidelines for future clinical developments in gynecologic malignancies included the investigation of dose escalation in the paraaortic (PO) region which is, however, very difficult to target due to the presence of critical organs such as kidneys, liver, spinal cord, and digestive structures. The aim of this study was to investigate intensity-modulated radiotherapy's (IMRT) possibilities of either increasing, in a safe way, the dose to 50-60 Gy in case of macroscopic disease or decreasing the dose to organs at risk (OR) when treatment is given in an adjuvant setting. Material and methods: the dosimetric charts of 14 patients irradiated to the PO region at the department of radiation oncology, university hospital of Liege, Belgium, in 2000 were analyzed in order to compare six-field conformal external-beam radio-therapy (CEBR) and five-beam IMRT approaches. Both CEBR and IMRT ...

2005-03-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

81

Study of emission of Cerenkov radiation by tachyons

Probable risks for the occurrence of somatic effects due to diagnostic radiology and nuclear medicine are summarised. The biological background of radiation carcinogenesis and epidemiological results are discussed. At the Leiden University Medical Centre the average effective dose per examination due to diagnostic radiology and nuclear medicine amount to 0.95 and 4.4 mSv, respectively. These values correspond well with the average values of 0.82 and 3.0 mSv reported for The Netherlands as a whole. Since radiological examinations are performed at a much larger frequency than nuclear medicine the relative collective dose for the first type of examinations is higher than the latter. Risk for occurency of malignancies are at least one order of magnitude lower than the hypothetical risk due to the background radiation typical of The Netherlands.

1999-01-01

82

Radiation-induced chemical modification of wood

The emission of Cerenkov radiation by tachyons has been examined by using the reduced expansions of superluminal electromagnetic fields in terms of standard helicity representation of Poincare group. It has been shown that the tachyons emit Cerenkov radiation through their coupling only with subluminal electromagnetic fields and that a charged tachyon can emit Cerenkov radiation only in the media in which it travels with a velocity lower than that of light while in the usual medium in which its velocity is more than that of light, it will never emit Cerenkov radiation. (author).

83

Evaluation of the residual radiation field in the proton accelerator facility of the Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP) in Korea

The results of theoretical and experimental investigations, describing the effect of ionizing radiation on wood and its main components and methods for production of wood-plastic composites by means of radiation-induced chemical modification are generalized. Domestic and foreign experience in their production is systematized; physico-mechanical characteristics of new material, simulation and calculation of irradiating devices, as well as calculation and experimental study of #gamma#-radiation attenuation both by wood material and by wood of different species are given. Gamma sources ("6"0Co isotope, a hot loop of a nuclear reactor) as well as electron accelerators are considered as ionizing radiation sources.

1985-01-01

84

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In Korea, the Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP) is building a proton linear accelerator facility with energy up to 100MeV and a beam current of 20mA. In this study, a radiation field after shutdown in the accelerator facility of the PEFP was evaluated for the purpose of the radiation shielding by using MCNPX code. A facility modeling was performed for the accelerator tunnel building, accelerator chain, target rooms and beam experiment hall. And radiation source terms were evaluated in the facility. With this facility, model and radiation source terms, the concentration of 41Ar was evaluated and the cooling time satisfying regulation in Korea was calculated.

2007-01-01

85

The quality of hospital records of urethral catheterisation.

Study of cytomorphology of solid pseudopapillary tumor of pancreas and its differential diagnosis

BACKGROUND: This prospective and retrospective study carried out over a period of one month (50 patients) looked at the quality of hospital records of urethral catheterisation with reference to the...Full Text Available

2002-03-01

86

Salivary cotinine concentrations in daily smokers in Barcelona, Spain: a cross-sectional study

Background:Solid pseudopapillary tumor is a rare pancreatic neoplasm with uncertain to low malignant potential. This is an uncommon neoplasm with many pseudonyms, occurring...Full Text Available

2010-10-01

87

Role of spinal cyclooxygenase in human postoperative and chronic pain

BackgroundCharacterizing and comparing the determinant of cotinine concentrations in different populations should facilitate a better understanding of smoking patterns and addiction....Full Text Available

88

Reformulation of Consumer Health Queries with Professional Terminology: A Pilot Study

BackgroundNonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are commonly used to treat postoperative and chronic pain. Animal studies suggest these drugs act in part by blocking...Full Text Available

2010-05-01

89

Quantitative morphology and water distribution of bronchial biopsy samples.

Background The Internet is becoming an increasingly important resource for health-information seekers. However, consumers often do not use effective search...Full Text Available

90

Prospective Study of Motor, Sensory, Psychological and Autonomic Functions in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome

BACKGROUND: An approach to the study of the pharmacokinetics of drugs in the lung is to measure their concentrations in bronchial biopsy specimens. The main criticism of this technique is that bronchial...Full Text Available

1992-07-01

91

Progression of liver cirrhosis to HCC: an application of hidden Markov model

Background/AimTo assess pathophysiology in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).Methods122 IBS patients...Full Text Available

2008-07-01

92

Pattern of Acute Intestinal Obstruction: Is There a Change in the Underlying Etiology?

BackgroundHealth service databases of administrative type can be a useful tool for the study of progression of a disease, but the data reported in such sources could be affected...Full Text Available

93

Pain and self-reported health in Canadian children

Background/Aim:To study the changing pattern of acute intestinal obstruction at a teaching institute.Patients and Methods:It is...Full Text Available

2010-10-01

94

Osseointegration of zirconia implants compared with titanium: an in vivo study

BACKGROUND:Despite increasing attention to the epidemiology of pain, relatively little is known about the association between pain and health in children. In particular, no studies...Full Text Available

2008-09-01

95

Open cholecystectomy. A contemporary analysis of 42,474 patients.

BackgroundTitanium and titanium alloys are widely used for fabrication of dental implants. Since the material composition and the surface topography of a biomaterial play a fundamental...Full Text Available

96

Nascent Aneurysm Formation at the Basilar Terminus Induced by Hemodynamics

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated, in a large, heterogeneous population, the outcome of open cholecystectomy as it is currently practiced. SUMMARY BACKGROUND AND DATA: Although cholecystectomy has been...Full Text Available

1993-08-01

97

Microarray-based gene expression profiles of silkworm brains

Background and PurposeHemodynamic insults at arterial bifurcations are hypothesized to play a key role in intracranial aneurysm formation. This study investigates...Full Text Available

2008-07-01

98

Impact of associated injuries in the Floating knee: A retrospective study

BackgroundMolecular genetic studies of Bombyx mori have led to profound advances in our understanding of the regulation of development. Bombyx mori brain,...Full Text Available

99

Imbibition of Swietenia macrophylla (Meliaceae) Seeds: The Role of Stomata

BackgroundFloating knee injuries are usually associated with other significant injuries. Do these injuries have implications on the management of the floating knee and the final...Full Text Available

100

Geographical variation in neonatal phenotype

• Background and Aims The occurrence of stomata in seed coats is uncommon and there is limited information about their function(s). The aim of this study was to verify the distribution...Full Text Available

2006-07-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

101

Floral ontogeny of Annonaceae: evidence for high variability in floral form

BackgroundRecent studies have shown associations between size and body proportions at birth and health outcomes throughout the life cycle, but there are few data...Full Text Available

2006-01-01

102

Efficacy and adverse effects of intravenous lignocaine therapy in fibromyalgia syndrome

Background and AimsAnnonaceae are one of the largest families of Magnoliales. This study investigates the comparative floral development of 15 species to understand the basis for...Full Text Available

2010-10-01

103

Cytogenetic analysis of the pathology of frozen shoulder

BackgroundTo investigate the effects of intravenous lignocaine infusions (IV lignocaine) in fibromyalgia.MethodsProspective study...Full Text Available

104

Comparative and phylogenomic studies on the mitochondrial genomes of Pentatomomorpha (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera)

Background:Frozen shoulder (FS) is a debilitating musculoskeletal condition with an uncertain etiology and pathogenic mechanism. The aim of this study was to investigate...Full Text Available

2010-07-01

105

Artificial and natural duplicates in pyrosequencing reads of metagenomic data

BackgroundNucleotide sequences and the gene arrangements of mitochondrial genomes are effective tools for resolving phylogenetic problems. Hemipteroid insects are known to possess...Full Text Available

106

Antitumor Activity of Noscapine in Combination with Doxorubicin in Triple Negative Breast Cancer

BackgroundArtificial duplicates from pyrosequencing reads may lead to incorrect interpretation of the abundance of species and genes in metagenomic studies. Duplicated reads were...Full Text Available

107

An in Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Ten Iranian-Made Toothpastes

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the anticancer activity and mechanism of action of Noscapine alone and in combination with Doxorubicin against triple negative...Full Text Available

108

Background:Antimicrobial agents have been used as a chemotherapeutic agent to improve oral health. This in vitro study was carried out to determine the antimicrobial activity...Full Text Available

2009-01-01

109

Theory of edge radiation

Radiative corrections to the atomic levels in a periodic electromagnetic field

We formulate a complete theory of Edge Radiation based on a novel method relying on Fourier Optics techniques. Similar types of radiation like Transition Undulator Radiation are addressed in the framework of the same formalism. Special attention is payed in discussing the validity of approximations upon which the theory is built. Our study makes consistent use of both similarity techniques and comparisons with numerical results from simulation. We discuss both near and far zone. Physical understanding of many asymptotes is discussed. Based on the solution of the field equation with a tensor Green's function technique, we also discuss an analytical model to describe the presence of a vacuum chamber. In particular, explicit calculations for a circular vacuum chamber are reported. Finally, we consider the use of Edge Radiation as a tool for electron beam diagnostics. We discuss ...

2008-01-01

110

Biological radiation effects

The influence of a periodic electromagnetic field on the radiative corrections to the atomic energy levels is studied for the case of ''strong fields'' for which the interaction between the atom and field is of the order or greater than the radiative effects. The analysis is carried out on the basis of the Schwinger-Dirac equation for the propagation function of a bound electron in the field and on the basis of the density matrix in the Furry representation. It is shown that in the strong field approximation the radiative shifts and widths are manifest as radiative corrections to the quasi-energies. In super-high resolution experiments intensity effects in the radiative corrections to the atomic levels are obtained in the case of single-photon resonance. Some multiphoton processes are condidered by taking into account the ...

1982-12-01

111

A study on the real-time radiation dosimetry measurement system based on optically stimulated luminescence

The stages of processes leading to radiation damage are studied, as well as, the direct and indirect mechanics of its production. The radiation effects on nucleic acid and protein macro moleculas are treated. The physical and chemical factors that modify radiosensibility are analysed, in particular the oxygen effects, the sensibilization by analogues of nitrogen bases, post-effects, chemical protection and inherent cell factors. Consideration is given to restoration processes by excision of injured fragments, the bloching of the excision restoration processes, the restoration of lesions caused by ionizing radiations and to the restoration by genetic recombination. Referring to somatic effects of radiation, the early ones and the acute syndrome of radiation are discussed. The difference of radiosensibility observed in mammalian cells and main observable ...

1976-01-01

112

On the space-time scales of the surface solar radiation field

The optically stimulated luminescent (OSL) radiation dosimeter technically surveys a wide dynamic measurement range and a high sensitivity. Optical fiber dosimeters provide capability for remote monitoring of the radiation in the locations which are difficult-to-access and hazardous. In addition, optical fiber dosimeters are immune to electrical and radio-frequency interference. In this paper, a novel remote optical fiber radiation dosimeter is described. The optical fiber dosimeter takes advantage of the charge trapping materials CaS:Ce, Sm that exhibit OSL. The measuring range of the dosimeter is from 0.1 to 100 Gy. The equipment is relatively simple and small in size, and has low power consumption. This device is suitable for measuring the space radiation dose and also can be used in high radiation dose condition and other dangerous radiation occasions. ...

2008-05-01

113

Performance of the transition radiation detector flown on the NMSU/WIZARD TS93 balloon-borne instrument

The characteristic space-time scales of surface solar radiation fields measured by the 111-instrument ME-SONET in Oklahoma are estimated after removal of the diurnal cycle. These estimates of {open_quotes}within-day{close_quotes} are used to deduce the representativeness of surface solar radiation measurements measurement site as a function of time-averaging interval. Nomograms of the relation between point measurements and area averages are given for different space-time-averaging intervals. Examples from the nomograms show, for instance, that under conditions of low mean radiation (cloudy days), the central site point measurements are representative of a spatial area the size of a T42 GCM grid box (280 km X 280 km) if one uses hourly averages and is willing to accept a correlation of 0.45 between area average and point measurement. The point data represent a 60 km X 60 km region at a 0.90 correlation level if a 5-min time ...

1998-01-01

114

Environmental radiation measurements using TLD in and around AERE, Dhaka. Technical note

It is built and tested a transition radiation detector (TRD) to discriminate positrons from protons in the balloon flight TS 93 experiment. It is presented the TRD performance using flight data obtaining a proton-positron rejection factor of the order of 10{sup -3}. During the 24 hour flight, the data in the momentum range 4-50 GeV/c are collected. Using the TRD together with the Silicon calorimeter, it is achieved an overall rejection factor of about 10{sup -5} of positron against the proton background over the entire momentum range.

1995-09-01

115

Incorporating an improved dose-calculation algorithm in conformal radiotherapy of lung cancer: re-evaluation of dose in normal lung tissue

The external background radiation level in and around the Atomic Energy Research Establishment (AERE) in Dhaka has been measured. The measurements were performed using lithium fluoride (LiF) thermoluminescence dosemeters (TLD-100) at 32 locations, all one metre above the ground. The annual average dose rate measured in the AERE environs was 1.74+-0.23 mGy.y/sup -1/ in air, based on analysis of thermoluminescence dosemeter data collected from 1982 to 1984.

1986-01-01

116

Variation in the Definition of Clinical Target Volumes for Pelvic Nodal Conformal Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer

Background and purpose: The low density of lung tissue causes a reduced attenuation of photons and an increased range of secondary electrons, which is inaccurately predicted by the algorithms incorporated in some commonly available treatment planning systems (TPSs). This study evaluates the differences in dose in normal lung tissue computed using a simple and a more correct algorithm. We also studied the consequences of these differences on the dose-effect relations for radiation-induced lung injury. Materials and methods: The treatment plans of 68 lung cancer patients initially produced in a TPS using a calculation model that incorporates the equivalent-pathlength (EPL) inhomogeneity-correction algorithm, were recalculated in a TPS with the convolution-superposition (CS) algorithm. The higher accuracy of the CS algorithm is well-established. Dose distributions in lung were compared using isodoses, ...

2003-10-01

117

Terminal-differential algorithm for identification of local non homogeneity in article

PurposeWe conducted a comparative study of Clinical Target Volume (CTV) definition of pelvic lymph nodes by multiple GU radiation oncologists looking at the levels...Full Text Available

2009-06-01

118

Prevention and treatment of functional and structural radiation injury in the rat heart by pentoxifylline and alpha-tocopherol

Terminal-differential algorithm for identification of local nonhomogeneities in items under control is developed on the basis of measurements of X-ray or gamma-radiation weakening. The algorithm may be applied by developing radiation schemes of nondestructive control, identifying inadmissible inclusions in the object under study

119

Fragment condensation of peptides on teflon with radiationally grafted polystyrene

PurposeRadiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) is a severe side effect of thoracic radiotherapy. This study examined the effects of PTX and α-tocopherol on...Full Text Available

2008-09-01

120

Fragment condensation of peptides on teflon with radiationally grafted polystyrene

In the synthesis of the peptidyl-polymer corresponding to the sequence (57-100) of the ..beta.. chain of human hemoglobin on Teflon with radiationally grafted polystyrene a comparative study was made of different methods of fragment condensation. It was shown that the most effective methods are azide condensation and condensation with the use of complex F.

1986-12-10

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

121

Using microarrays to identify positional candidate genes for QTL: the case study of ACTH response in pigs

In the synthesis of the peptidyl-polymer corresponding to the sequence (57-100) of the #beta# chain of human hemoglobin on Teflon with radiationally grafted polystyrene a comparative study was made of different methods of fragment condensation. It was shown that the most effective methods are azide condensation and condensation with the use of complex F.

122

The Comprehensive Dialysis Study (CDS): A USRDS Special Study

BackgroundMicroarray studies can supplement QTL studies by suggesting potential candidate genes in the QTL regions, which by themselves are too large to provide a limited selection...Full Text Available

123

Study protocol. A prospective cohort study of unselected primiparous women: the pregnancy outcome prediction study

Background and objectives: The Comprehensive Dialysis Study (CDS) aimed to understand factors contributing to physical, functional, and nutritional health status among patients starting dialysis.Design,...Full Text Available

2009-03-01

124

Socio-demographic disparity in oral health among the poor: a cross sectional study of early adolescents in Kilwa district, Tanzania

BackgroundThere have been dramatic changes in the approach to screening for aneuploidy over the last 20 years. However, the approach to screening for other complications of pregnancy...Full Text Available

125

Prevalence of Ocular Fundus Pathology in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

BackgroundThere is a lack of studies considering social disparity in oral health emanating from adolescents in low-income countries. This study aimed to assess socio-demographic...Full Text Available

126

Most Antidepressant Use in Primary Care Is Justified; Results of the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety

Background and objectives: The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of ocular fundus pathology in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) study, a multicenter, longitudinal study...Full Text Available

2010-05-01

127

Gender differences in disability after sickness absence with musculoskeletal disorders: five-year prospective study of 37,942 women and 26,307 men

BackgroundDepression is a common illness, often treated in primary care. Many studies have reported undertreatment with antidepressants in primary care. Recently, some studies also...Full Text Available

128

Design and Operating Parameters for Emission Control Studies: ASARCO, El Paso, Copper Smelter.

BackgroundGender differences in the prevalence and occupational consequences of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are consistently found in epidemiological studies. The study investigated...Full Text Available

129

Cytogenetic effects of protracted gamma exposures from conception of male mice

The report gives background design data for a specific copper smelter. The data is sufficiently detailed to allow air pollution control system engineering studies to be conducted. These studies will be concerned primarily with lean SO2 streams that curren...

1976-01-01

130

Rotation in string cosmology

In order to gain an overall picture of the genetic effects of an increased level of background radiation it is necessary to study the results of protracted exposures to embryonic and immature germ-cell stages as well as to stages found in the mature organism. For this purpose, litters produced by female mice, kept in a 10 or 20 rad/day /sup 60/Co ..gamma..-irradiation field, were kept in the same fields from conception until about 60 days later, having absorbed doses of 526 and 1078 rad respectively. Tests on exposed female offspring showed them to be sterile. Eight weeks after removal from the gamma field, mean testis masses of males in the 20 rad/day series were only half normal but those receiving 10 rad/day were little affected. Frequencies of translocations in spermatocytes at diakinesis/metaphase I were only slightly increased in the exposed series, differences not being significant. Estimated rates of translocation ...

1982-01-01

131

Rotation in string cosmology

We describe exact cosmological solutions with rotation and expansion in the low-energy effective string theory. These models are spatially homogeneous (closed Bianchi type IX) and they belong to the family of shear-free metrics which are causal (no closed timelike curves are allowed), admit no parallax effects and do not disturb the isotropy of the background radiation. The dilaton and the axion fields are nontrivial, in general, and we consider both cases with and without the central charge (effective cosmological constant)

2003-03-21

132

In vivo^99mTc-HYNIC-annexin V imaging of early tumor apoptosis in mice after single dose irradiation

We describe exact cosmological solutions with rotation and expansion in the low-energy effective string theory. These models are spatially homogeneous (closed Bianchi type IX) and they belong to the family of shear-free metrics which are causal (no closed timelike curves are allowed), admit no parallax effects and do not disturb the isotropy of the background radiation. The dilaton and the axion fields are nontrivial, in general, and we consider both cases with and without the central charge (effective cosmological constant).

2003-03-21

133

BackgroundApoptosis is a major mode of hematological tumor death after radiation. Early detection of apoptosis may be beneficial for cancer adaptive treatment. ^99mTc-HYNIC-annexinV...Full Text Available

134

Measuring characteristics on emissivity using infrared thermometer for RCCS

Complete calculations of the accelerator related background in the muon spectrometer of the CMS detector at the Large Hadron Collider are presented. The simulations have been performed with the STRUCT multi-turn tracking code and the MARS and FLUKA cascade codes taking into account latest information of the LHC lattice, vacuum conditions, beam cleaning system and the shielding and layout of the CMS experiment. Beam loss distributions in the interaction regions and their vicinities and their contribution to the background levels in the muon spectrometer of CMS are analyzed. The studies show that hadronic and electromagnetic components of machine background are efficiently suppressed by the proposed CMS shielding. High energy muons penetrate through the shielding, but in positions of significance they do not contribute more than a few percent compared to the background generated by ...

135

Radiation therapy in the treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma

In VHTGR (Very High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor), the radiation plays an important role in heat transfer through the cavity in RCCS (Reactor Cavity Cooling System). We performed the series of experiments to measure the emissivity using the infrared thermometer with wavelength range of 8#approx#14 #mu#m. As the first step, the transmittance of Zinc Selenide (ZnSe) window was measured to estimate the emissivity that can compensate the attenuation effect of window. The kind of gas with various concentrations in the cavity will be released during postulated accidents to the coolant type, so it is essential to estimate the effects of gas on the measurement of emissivity. In this manner we measured the emissivity with the air, the helium and the steam inside chamber. The results represent that the concentration of the air and the helium do not affect the emissivity significantly while the steam decreases the measured emissivity relatively. It means that the air and ...

2004-12-01

136

Basic mechanisms of radiation effects in the natural space radiation environment

The incidence of hilar cholangiocarcinoma is very rare worldwide. Radical resection is the only prognostic factor for long survival in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Postoperative radiation therapy can improve local control and survival rates for patients with palliative resection, but it remains controversial in patients with radical resection. Biliary drainage can effectively release bile duct obstruction for the majority of patients with locally advanced disease, and may even prolong survival when combined with radiation therapy. Radiation therapy includes extrernal beam therapy alone, external beam therapy with intraluminal brachytheapy and new radiation technique, such as three dimentional conformal therapy and intensity modulated radiation therapy. The propective randomized clinical study is needed for further investigation in the role of combined ...

2007-10-01

137

Biological Research for Radiation Protection

Four general topics are covered in respect to the natural space radiation environment: (1) particles trapped by the earth`s magnetic field, (2) cosmic rays, (3) radiation environment inside a spacecraft, (4) laboratory radiation sources. The interaction of radiation with materials is described by ionization effects and displacement effects. Total-dose effects on MOS devices is discussed with respect to: measurement techniques, electron-hole yield, hole transport, oxide traps, interface traps, border traps, device properties, case studies and special concerns for commercial devices. Other device types considered for total-dose effects are SOI devices and nitrided oxide devices. Lastly, single event phenomena are discussed with respect to charge collection mechanisms and hard errors. (GHH)

1994-06-01

138

An alternative explanation of the COBE data

The work scope of 'Biological Research for the Radiation Protection' had contained the research about ornithine decarboxylase and its controlling proteins, thioredoxin, peroxiredoxin, S-adenosymethionine decarboxylase, and glutamate decarboxylase 67KD effect on the cell death triggered ionizing radiation and H_2O_2(toxic agents). In this study, to elucidate the role of these proteins in the ionizing radiation (or H_2O_2)-induced apoptotic cell death, we utilized sensesed (or antisensed) cells, which overexpress (or down-regulate) RNAs associated with these proteins biosynthesis, and investigated the effects of these genes on the cytotoxicity caused by ionizing radiation and H_2O_2(or paraquat). We also investigated whether genisteine(or thiamine) may enhance the cytotoxic efficacy of tumor cells caused by ionizing radiation (may enhance the preventing effect ...

139

Second malignancies after treatment for Ewing's sarcoma

The COBE data on cosmic background radiation (CBR) isotropy and spectrum are generally considered to be explicable only in the context of the Big Bang theory and to be confirmation of that theory. However, this data can also be explained by an alternative, non-Big Bang model which hypothesizes an intergalactic radio-absorbing and scattering medium. Dense, force-free magnetic filaments generated by quasars, active galactic nuclei and Herbig-Haro objects can remain stable in the intergalactic medium for many Gy. They will be opaque to radiation with wavelengths longer than 100--400 microns, and essentially transparent to shorter wavelengths. They are thus capable of thermalizing and isotropizing the cosmic background radiation, and of accounting for the observed decrease of radio luminosity of galaxies within increasing distance from earth. A simple, inhomogeneous model of such an ...

1994-12-31

140

Radiative transfer in a solar absorbing particle laden flow

Background: Some former retrospective studies have suggested that patients with Ewing's sarcoma might have a very high risk for developing secondary sarcomas if treated with radiotherapy. We have evaluated the risk of second malignancies (SM) in patients treated in the German Cooperative Ewing's Sarcoma Studies CESS 81 and CESS 86. Materials and methods: From January 1981 through June 1991, a total number of 674 patients was registered in the two multicentric Ewing's sarcoma trials CESS 81 (1981 through 1985) and CESS 86 (1986 through June 1991). The systemic treatment consisted in both studies of a four-drug-chemotherapy (VACA= vincristine, actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide and adriamycin; or VAIA= vincristine, actinomycin D, ifosfamide and adriamycin) and a total number of four courses, each lasting nine weeks, was recommended by the protocol. Local therapy was either complete surgery or surgery plus ...

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

141

Radiation, adriamycin, and skin reactions: effects of radiation and drug fractionation, hyperthermia, and tetracycline. [X rays

A possible receiver configuration is a cavity in which a falling sheet of solid particles is directly irradiated by the concentrated solar flux passing through the aperture. Regardless of the particular geometry, the radiative transfer within the falling particle curtain must be studied in order to determine the net radiative heating rate for the particles. A discrete ordinate radiative transfer model has been developed to predict the radiative coupling within the falling particle curtain. The model determines how much energy is absorbed by the particles, how much is transmitted to the rear wall of the receiver, and determines the effects of particle scattering and thermal emission on the net radiation absorbed by the particles. The model accounts for the directional nature of the radiation field, particle scattering, and the wavelength ...

1985-11-01

142

A study of the effects of scattered radiation on radiographic quality and methods of elimination of such radiation

The effect of adriamycin in combination with radiation on the skin reactions of mouse feet has been examined under a variety of experimental conditions including: (a) hyperthermic treatment of the foot immediately following adriamycin administration, with the former given either just before or just after x irradiation, and (b) fractionated treatments of drug and radiation in a variety of sequences over an 18-day period. In the case of the most severe hyperthermic treatment, no increased radiation reactions were observed in the presence of adriamycin. However, in the case of the less severe hyperthermic treatment a small but significant increase in skin reactions was observed. In the study of fractionated drug and radiation treatments, an enhancement of reaction in those animals receiving combined modality treatment over those receiving radiation alone was seen ...

1981-06-01

143

Transcriptional profile of isoproterenol-induced cardiomyopathy and comparison to exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy and human cardiac failure

Many mechanical parts are subjected to stresses and strains that may eventually lead to their failure. In order to prevent the costly delays associated with equipment down-time, many parts have to be tested for weaknesses and defects when machinery is constructed or dismantled for maintenance. These procedures are known as Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) methods. Five types of non-destructive testing methods routinely used are radiographic testing, ultrasonic testing, magnetic particle inspection, liquid penetrant testing and eddy current testing. Out of these five techniques industrial radiography plays an important role in non-destructive testing to reveal interior defects in materials. In radiography almost two-thirds of the radiation reaching the film is scattered radiation which does not form the image of defects. Scattered radiation generated inside and outside a material has a very large effect on sensitivity of flaw ...

1998-02-01

144

The management of children with chronic fatigue syndrome-like illness in primary care: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundIsoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy in mice has been used in a number of studies to model human cardiac disease. In this study, we compared the transcriptional response...Full Text Available

145

The influence of histological diagnosis on the postoperative complication rate following trans-urethral resection of prostate (TURP).

BackgroundMost studies on children with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)/myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) have been undertaken in tertiary care and little is known about their management...Full Text Available

2006-01-01

146

Synergism between Prior Anisakis simplex Infections and Intake of NSAIDs, on the Risk of Upper Digestive Bleeding: A Case-Control Study

BACKGROUND: A number of studies have shown that the early mortality following TURP is higher for patients with prostate cancer than those with benign disease. This study examines the effect of the histological...Full Text Available

2002-11-01

147

Substance use and dietary practices among students attending alternative high schools: results from a pilot study

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between prior Anisakis infections and upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB), and its interaction...Full Text Available

148

Roles of curli, cellulose and BapA in Salmonella biofilm morphology studied by atomic force microscopy

BackgroundSubstance use and poor dietary practices are prevalent among adolescents. The purpose of this study was to examine frequency of substance use and associations between cigarette,...Full Text Available

149

Risk of hematological malignancies associated with magnetic fields exposure from power lines: a case-control study in two municipalities of northern Italy

BackgroundCurli, cellulose and the cell surface protein BapA are matrix components in Salmonella biofilms. In this study we have investigated the roles of these...Full Text Available

150

Risk factors associated with mental illness in Oyo State, Nigeria: A Community based study

BackgroundSome epidemiologic studies have suggested an association between electromagnetic field exposure induced by high voltage power lines and childhood leukemia, but null results...Full Text Available

151

Radiographic monitoring of incidental abdominal aortic aneurysms: a retrospective population-based cohort study

BackgroundThe main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with mental illness in Oyo State at community level using the general health questionnaire...Full Text Available

152

Psychopathological features of irritable bowel syndrome patients with and without functional dyspepsia: a cross sectional study

BackgroundAn abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) that is identified when the abdomen is imaged for some other reason is known as an incidental AAA. No population-based studies have...Full Text Available

153

Psychometric evaluation of a radio electric auricular treatment for stress related disorders: a double-blinded, placebo-controlled controlled pilot study

BackgroundIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional dyspepsia (FD) show considerable overlap and are both associated with psychiatric comorbidity. The present study aimed to...Full Text Available

154

Post traumatic stress symptoms and heart rate variability in Bihar flood survivors following yoga: a randomized controlled study

BackgroundThe aim of this double-blind randomized study is to test the efficacy of a radio electric stimulator device using an auricular reflex therapy protocol for stress-related...Full Text Available

155

Injuries at a Canadian National Taekwondo Championships: a prospective study

BackgroundAn earlier study showed that a week of yoga practice was useful in stress management after a natural calamity. Due to heavy rain and a rift on the banks of the Kosi river,...Full Text Available

156

Inferring Past Pesticide Exposures: A Matrix of Individual Active Ingredients in Home and Garden Pesticides Used in Past Decades

BackgroundThe purpose of this prospective study was to assess the injury rates in male and female adult Canadian Taekwondo athletes relative to total number of injuries, type and...Full Text Available

157

Infected foot ulcers in male and female diabetic patients: a clinico-bioinformative study

BackgroundIn retrospective studies of the health effects of home and garden pesticides, self-reported information typically forms the basis for exposure assessment. Study participants...Full Text Available

2007-02-01

158

Food allergy management from the perspective of patients or caregivers, and allergists: a qualitative study

BackgroundThe study aimed at (i) characterizing the mode of transmission of bla_CTX-Mand bla_TEM-1among extended-spectrum-β-lactamase...Full Text Available

159

Excessive TV viewing and cardiovascular disease risk factors in adolescents. The AVENA cross-sectional study

BackgroundResearch has shown that the long term management of food allergy is suboptimal. Our study aims to provide direction for improvement, by evaluating food allergy management...Full Text Available

160

Dual Beneficial Effects of (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate on Levodopa Methylation and Hippocampal Neurodegeneration: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

BackgroundExcessive television (TV) viewing might play an important role in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this study was to examine the independent...Full Text Available

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

161

Does the socioeconomic context explain both mortality and income inequality? Prospective register-based study of Norwegian regions

BackgroundA combination of levodopa (L-DOPA) and carbidopa is the most commonly-used treatment for symptom management in Parkinson's disease. Studies have shown that concomitant...Full Text Available

162

Divorce, divorce rates, and professional care seeking for mental health problems in Europe: a cross-sectional population-based study

BackgroundStudies from various countries have observed worse population health in geographical areas with more income inequality. The psychosocial interpretation of this association...Full Text Available

163

Development and evaluation of a virtual microscopy application for automated assessment of Ki-67 expression in breast cancer

BackgroundLittle is known about differences in professional care seeking based on marital status. The few existing studies show more professional care seeking among the divorced...Full Text Available

164

Comparative nucleic acid transfection efficacy in primary hepatocytes for gene silencing and functional studies

BackgroundThe aim of the study was to develop a virtual microscopy enabled method for assessment of Ki-67 expression and to study the prognostic value of the automated analysis in...Full Text Available

165

Association between skin diseases and severe bacterial infections in children: case-control study

BackgroundPrimary hepatocytes are the best resource for in vitro studies directed at understanding hepatic processes at the cellular and molecular levels, necessary...Full Text Available

166

Anger Expression and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: Evidence From the Nova Scotia Health Survey

BackgroundSepsis or bacteraemia, however rare, is a significant cause of high mortality and serious complications in children. In previous studies skin disease or skin infections...Full Text Available

167

Alcohol-folate interactions in women's oral cancer risk: A prospective cohort study

BackgroundWhile some studies have found that anger increases the risk of incident coronary heart disease (CHD), others found anger protective. Prior studies did not...Full Text Available

2010-02-01

168

A molecular epidemiological study of rabies epizootics in kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) in Namibia

BackgroundThe aim of this cohort study was to quantify the effect of alcohol in the risk of oral cancer in different strata of folate intake, controlling for known...Full Text Available

2010-10-01

169

A Controlled Challenge Study on Di(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate (DEHP) in House Dust and the Immune Response in Human Nasal Mucosa of Allergic Subjects

BackgroundA panel of 37 rabies virus isolates were collected and studied, originating mainly from the northern and central regions of Namibia, between 1980 and 2003.ResultsThese...Full Text Available

170

Helium atom doping of molybdenum and its influence on the radiation hardenings

BackgroundFew studies have yet addressed the effects of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in house dust on human nasal mucosa.ObjectivesWe investigated...Full Text Available

2008-11-01

171

Application of low dose radiation for preservation of sea foods

Experimental results on study of helium concentration influence on degree of molybdenum radiation hardening for various method of cyclotron doping differing in degree and damage character are presented. It is established that accumulation of helium atoms in molybdenum for simultaneous formation of radiation defects caused by low energetic primary-knocked atoms leads to higher degree of hardening than for high energetic ion irradiation. It is shown that with increase of helium atom concentration the degree of radiation hardening for the same level of damage increases. 4 refs.; 3 figs. (author).

1990-05-22

172

Radiation hardening of integrated circuits technologies

Treatment of food with low doses of gamma radiation has been recognized to have two main advantages. These consist of: (1) improvement of food safety by elimination of pathogens and (2) reduction of microbial spoilage and extension of shelf life of perishable items by reducing the number of viable spoilage organisms. Studies during the last few decades have conclusively proved the beneficial effects of radiation with respect to fishery products. The three potential areas of application to fish products include: (i) radurization for shelf life extension (ii) radicidation to eliminate food borne pathogens in the products and (iii) radiation treatment to dried products to control insects.

1994-03-01

173

Elk and Deer Study, Material Disposal Area G, Technical Area 54: Source document

The radiation hardening studies started in the mid decade 1960-1970. To survive the different military or space radiative environment, a new engineering science was born, to understand the degradation of electronics components. The different solutions to improve the electronic behavior in such environments have been named 'radiation hardening' of the technologies. Improvement of existing technologies, and qualification methods have been widely studied. However, on the other hand, specific technologies were developed: the Silicon On Insulator technologies for CMOS or Bipolar. The HSOI3HD technology offers today the highest hardening level for the integration density of hundreds of thousand transistors on the same silicon. Full complex systems could be produced on a single die with a technological radiation hardening and no more system hardening.

174

Towards Resonant-State THz Laser Based on Strained p-Ge ...

As nuclear research has become more prevalent, environmental contamination from the disposal of radioactive waste has become a prominent issue. At Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) in northern New Mexico, radioactive contamination from disposal operations has raised some very specific concerns. Material Disposal Area G (Area G) is the primary low-level radioactive waste disposal site at LANL and occupies an area adjacent to land belonging to the Native American community of the Pueblo of San Ildefonso. Analyses of soil and vegetation collected from the perimeter of Area G have shown concentrations of radionuclides greater than background concentrations established for northern New Mexico. As a result, Pueblo residents had become concerned that contaminants from Area G could enter tribal lands through various ecological pathways. The residents specifically questioned the safety of consuming meat from elk and deer that forage near Area G and then migrate onto ...

1999-09-01

175

PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1966 HEAT TRANSFER AND FLUID ...

... charge carriers in strained p-Ge in crossed electric and magnetic fields was studied by means of measurements of spontaneous radiation intensity. ...

2006-07-01

176

Behavior study of polyphenols from Maytenus aquifolium due to X and gamma radiations; Estudo do comportamento dos polifenois de espinheira santa (Maytenus aquifolium) frente as radiacoes x e {gamma}

... mass of gray gas by thermal radiation; An experimental study of the turbulent wake behind a cone at M = 5; Heat transfer augmentation by steady ...

177

Statistical study of pulsar rotational braking

Short communication.

1995-12-31

178

A statistical study of pulsar rotational braking

Pacini (1973) has considered basic theoretical expectations regarding the magnetic dipole radiation and unipolar induction of pulsars, taking into account observational results. The present investigation is concerned with the difference between the two braking mechanisms. Attention is also given to a statistical study involving a comparison of the two braking mechanisms with observations. The study makes use of the observational data for the distribution of apparent beamwidth, and a geometrical method. The obtained results agree with the theory of magnetic dipole radiation.

179

Can intensity-modulated radiation therapy of the paraaortic region overcome the problems of critical organ tolerance?

A previous study described the basic theoretical expectations of the magnetic dipole radiation and unipolar induction of pulsars and presented observational results. This paper further discusses the difference between the two braking mechanisms and analyses the results of a statistical study through observed data of apparent beamwidth's distributions and a geometrical method. The theory of magnetic dipole radiation of pulsars agrees with the observations. Unipolar induction as a braking mechanism is not consistent with the observations.

180

Radiation inactivation target size of rat adipocyte glucose transporters in the plasma membrane and intracellular pools

Background and purpose: the recent RTOG guidelines for future clinical developments in gynecologic malignancies included the investigation of dose escalation in the paraaortic (PO) region which is, however, very difficult to target due to the presence of critical organs such as kidneys, liver, spinal cord, and digestive structures. The aim of this study was to investigate intensity-modulated radiotherapy's (IMRT) possibilities of either increasing, in a safe way, the dose to 50-60 Gy in case of macroscopic disease or decreasing the dose to organs at risk (OR) when treatment is given in an adjuvant setting. Material and methods: the dosimetric charts of 14 patients irradiated to the PO region at the department of radiation oncology, university hospital of Liege, Belgium, in 2000 were analyzed in order to compare six-field conformal external-beam radio-therapy (CEBR) and five-beam IMRT approaches. Both CEBR and IMRT ...

2005-03-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

181

Results of a cross-sectional study on the association of electromagnetic fields emitted from mobile phone base stations and health complaints; Ergebnisse einer Querschnittsstudie zum Zusammenhang von elektromagnetischen Feldern von Mobilfunksendeanlagen und unspezifischen gesundheitlichen Beschwerden

The in situ assembly states of the glucose transport carrier protein in the plasma membrane and in the intracellular (microsomal) storage pool of rat adipocytes were assessed by studying radiation-induced inactivation of the D-glucose-sensitive cytochalasin B binding activities. High energy radiation inactivated the glucose-sensitive cytochalasin B binding of each of these membrane preparations by reducing the total number of the binding sites without affecting the dissociation constant. The reduction in total number of binding sites was analyzed as a function of radiation dose based on target theory, from which a radiation-sensitive mass (target size) was calculated. When the plasma membranes of insulin-treated adipocytes were used, a target size of approximately 58,000 daltons was obtained. For adipocyte microsomal membranes, we obtained target sizes of approximately 112,000 and ...

1987-06-15

182

Radiation epidemiological analysis of late effects of population exposure at northern part of east ural radioactive trace

Background: Despite the fact that adverse health effects are not confirmed for exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RFEMF) levels below the limit values, as defined in the guidelines of the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, many persons are worried about possible adverse health effects caused by the RF-EMF emitted from mobile phone base stations, or they attribute their unspecific health complaints like headache or sleep disturbances to these fields. Method: In the framework of a cross-sectional study a questionnaire was sent to 4150 persons living in predominantly urban areas. Participants were asked whether base stations affected their health. Health complaints were measured with standardized health questionnaires for sleep disturbances, headache, health complaints and mental and physical health. 3,526 persons responded (85%) to the questionnaire and 1,808 (51%) agreed to ...

2010-07-01

183

Biological effects after prenatal irradiation (embryo and fetus) ICRP Publication 90 Approved by the Commission in October 2002

Population residing in the northern part of the Chelyabinsk oblast and the south eastern part of the Sverdlovsk oblast of Russia affected to accidental exposure since 1957. The territory (East Ural Radioactive Trace - EURT) was contaminated after explosion of container with highly radioactive wastes at the Mayak Production Association. Studies of health effects of exposure in the southern, head part of EURT are conducted in the Ural Research and Practical Center of Radiation Medicine (U.R.P.R.M.). In the 1990's U.R.P.C.R.M. formed a cohort of EURT within Chelyabinsk oblast (14,500 cases and 19,400 external controls). The cohort was followed in 1957-1987 and the results of the study are discussed by Crestinina et al. First results of study on exposure late health effects among rural population in the northern part of the EURT are presented in this paper. Firstly, or the period 1958-2000 a ...

2006-07-01

184

Non-supersymmetric deformations of non-critical superstrings

In its 1990 recommendations, the ICRP considered the radiation risks after exposure during prenatal development. This report is a critical review of new experimental animal data on biological effects and evaluations of human studies after prenatal radiation published since the 1990 recommendations. Thus, the report discusses the effects after radiation exposure during pre-implantation, organogenesis, and fetogenesis. The aetiology of long-term effects on brain development is discussed, as well as evidence from studies in man on the effects of in-utero radiation exposure on neurological and mental processes. Animal studies of carcinogenic risk from in-utero radiation and the epidemiology of childhood cancer are discussed, and the carcinogenic risk to man from in-utero radiation is assessed. Open ...

185

Associations between plasma insulin-like growth factor-I and the markers of inflammation interleukin 6, C-reactive protein and YKL-40 in an elderly background population

We study certain supersymmetry breaking deformations of linear dilaton backgrounds in different dimensions. In some cases, the deformed theory has bulk closed strings tachyons. In other cases there are no bulk tachyons, but there are localized tachyons. The real time condensation of these localized tachyons is described by an exactly solvable worldsheet CFT. We also find some stable, non-supersymmetric backgrounds.

2005-12-15

186

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

The objective of the present study was to test the hypothesis that circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) are inversely associated with inflammatory processes in an elderly background population.

2010-01-01

187

Effectiveness of radiation therapy after surgery for hilar cholangiocarcinoma

Effect of radiation dose on the properties of natural rubber nanocomposite

Some studies suggest that giving radiation therapy after surgery for hilar cholangiocarcinoma improves the survival rate; however, many of these studies did not specify numbers of subjects or provide an impartial analysis. Thus, we evaluated the effectiveness of radiation therapy as adjuvant treatment after surgery and attempted to establish appropriate adaptation standards. We reviewed the records of 69 patients who underwent surgery for hilar cholangiocarcinoma between June 1980 and April 1998. Thirty-nine patients were treated with surgery followed by radiation therapy and 30 were treated with surgery alone. The clinicopathologic features that might have influenced prognosis were similar in the patients who received radiation therapy and those who did not. Radiation as adjuvant therapy did not have a beneficial effect on overall survival ...

2005-07-01

188

MRI evaluation and image processing in gel dosimetry. A study of selected MRI properties and image processing in 3D gel dosimetry

Effect of radiation dose and carbon nanotubes (CNT) on the mechanical properties of standard Malaysian rubber (SMR) was investigated in this study. SMR nanocomposites containing 1-7 phr CNT were prepared using the solvent casting method and the nanocomposites were radiated at doses of 50-200 kGy. The change in mechanical properties, especially, tensile strength (Ts), elongation at break (Eb), hardness and tensile modulus at 100% elongation (M{sub 100}) were studied as a function of radiation dose. The structure and morphology of reinforced natural rubber was investigated by FESEM, TEM and AFM in order to gain further evidence on the radiation-induced crosslinking. It was found that the Ts, M{sub 100} and the hardness of the SMR/CNT nanocomposites significantly increased with radiation dose; the elongation at break exhibited an increase up to ...

2010-12-15

189

Problems of air pollution monitoring

Gel dosimetry is a new dosimetry method applied in radiation therapy. Gel dosimeters consist of a radiation sensitive gel, which can integrate absorbed doses from several radiation sources or beams. The dose to the gel can be evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a procedure that is the focus of the present thesis. A robust tool for the evaluation of the nonuniformity in MRI has been developed, the Deviation Image method. Unlike previously presented methods, the Deviation Image method includes all nonuniformity variations across a phantom surface and is insensitive to stochastic noise. Methods for the estimation of stochastic noise were analyzed in terms of sensitivity to nonuniformities. A method that averages the stochastic noise level over five regions over the phantom surface, and a method that assesses the stochastic noise level from the background, were found to be the methods of choice. ...

2001-03-01

190

Epidemiological studies of radiation carcinogenesis and its biophysical basis

The development of the monitoring network for background measurements of air pollution in the USSR is noted. The use of paired stations, to aid in locating permanent sites as well as for determining the local component of background air pollution, is described. Thermoelectric actionometers with five glass filters are used to measure Shupp's turbidity coefficient for estimating extinction of solar radiation due to aerosols. Sampling and chemical analysis of precipitation uses methods developed during the International Geophysical Year. An intercomparison of meteorological instruments was carried out in the USSR in 1973 and 1978. The most stable actinometer was the Linke-Foisner device. Chemical analyses of precipitation made since 1958 in the USSR show increases in air pollution levels only in particular areas.

1980-01-01

191

UV inactivation: Combined effects of UV radiation and xenobiotics in two strains of Saccharomyces

The three projects of the research program are aimed at the epidemiological study of long-term radiation effects in patients injected with radium-224. They are: late effects in "2"2"4Ra treated ankylosing spondylitis patients, late effects in "2"2"4Ra treated juvenile and adult patients, and epidemiology of radiation carcinogenesis. The data from these patients are a unique source of information for risk analysis of incorporated bone seeking radionuclides in man. (R.P.) 5 refs., 3 tabs.

192

Radiative properties of a solar cavity receiver/reactor with quartz window

The effects of eight chemicals on the inactivation rate of ultraviolet radiation on the colony building capabilities of two strains of Saccharomyces cervisae - a wild type strain and a mutant deficient in excision repair - were studied. The insecticide methoxychlor, the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, the fungicide pentachlorophenol and its metabolite tetrachlorohydroquinone, as well as the chemicals acrylonitrile and 2,3-dichloro-1-propene have no significant impact on the effects of UV radiation in Saccharomyces cerevisae. Depending on the concentration, trichloroethylene increases the sensitivity to UV radiation. The herbicide paraquat provides efficient protection against UV radiation at concentrations where a toxic effect cannot be observed even without UV. The results were rather similar for both strains. (orig.).

193

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

An energy transfer and conversion model for high-temperature solar cavity receivers has been developed using the transport behaviour of solar radiation as described by the spectral radiative exchange factors. A Monte-Carlo ray-tracing method coupled with optical properties was adopted, to predict radiation characteristics of the solar collector system by calculating radiative exchange factors. A cavity receiver with a plano-convexo quartz window was proposed, based upon the directional characteristics of the focal flux and the redistribution effect of the quartz window. Parametric studies on the windowed receiver provided a more uniform flux distribution, higher efficiency and lower loss than the windowless receivers. The predicted results serve as a design reference for the solar receiver...

2011-01-01

194

Effect of radiation on certain animal viruses in liquid swine manure

Chain radiation-chemical cross-linking of polyethylene under high pressures. [Gamma radiation

The virucidal effect of _6_0Co gamma radiation was studied in cell culture medium and in liquid swine manure involving the most important porcine viruses that can be spread by liquid manure. The radiation doses (20 kGy and 30 kGy) were determined in preliminary experiments employing a porcine enterovirus from the serogroup 1 (Teschen group). In the main experiment, the following viruses were employed: swine vesicular disease (SVD) virus, type C foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus, a field strain of Aujeszky's disease (AD) virus, transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) virus, as well as bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) virus. The latter strain served as a model for hog cholera virus. The results of the experiments indicate that safe disinfection of the virus infected liquid swine manure by ionizing radiation requires a radiation dose of 30 kGy. (author).

1983-01-01

195

Free radicals and their transformations in irradiated proteins

Regularities in the radiation cross-linking of low-density polyethylene under various conditions of ..gamma..-irradiation were studied. It is shown that at the 0.5 GPa pressure and 450 K the gel formation is initiated at doses of about 1 kGy, i.e. at doses 10 times as low as compared to normal conditions. Abnormally high rate of radiation cross-linking at high temperature and high pressure is an evidence of changes in the mechanism of polyethylene, radiation cross-linking, i.e. of the process transition from nonchain to chain conditions. Decrease in the potential barriers of macroradical reactions with macromolecules is the most probable reason of change in the polymer cross-linking nature.

1984-01-01

196

Trans-generational radiation-induced chromosomal instability in the female enhances the action of chemical mutagens

Experimental investigation data are systematized of free radical states and processes in irradiated proteins. The investigation is performed by the radiospectral methods. Results are discussed in detail of the study of free radicals electronic structure of amino acids, peptides and proteins formed by the action of ionizing radiation. The specificity is stressed of the study of monocrystalls of these compounds by the method of electronic paramagnetic resonance. The nature is also studied of primary centres formed under the effect of radiation on biologically important compounds and their subsequent reactions in solid and liquid solutions. Ion-radical states of different functional groups of the protein molecule are studied. Prospects of the study and the role of anion-radicals in biological processes are discusses.

197

Radiation-annealing hardening of vanadium

Genomic instability can be produced by ionising radiation, so-called radiation-induced genomic instability, and chemical mutagens. Radiation-induced genomic instability occurs in both germinal and somatic cells and also in the offspring of irradiated individuals, and it is characterised by genetic changes including chromosomal rearrangements. The majority of studies of trans-generational, radiation-induced genomic instability have been described in the male germ line, whereas the authors who have chosen the female as a model are scarce. The aim of this work is to find out the radiation-induced effects in the foetal offspring of X-ray-treated female rats and, at the same time, the possible impact of this radiation-induced genomic instability on the action of a chemical mutagen. In order to achieve both goals, the quantity and quality of ...

2008-04-02

198

Infrared stimulated luminescence-decay shape from NaCl as a function of radiation doses

Mechanical properties of vanadium, irradiated with fast neutrons up to 8.6x10"-"4 dpa depending on postirradiation annealing temperature, are studied. It is shown that radiation-annealing hardening (RAH) is observed at 300 deg C, which agrees with earlier performed studies. It is first stated that RAH is accompanied by plasticity decrease. Phenomenological model permitting to explain RAH dependence on irradiation temperature and dose and also on content of chemically active alloying impurities is suggested.

199

Facility for studying photon-neutron reactions under a beam of braking radiation

Dose-dependent behavior of the infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) decay from NaCl has been studied experimentally using only one aliquot irradiated with a range of 2-200 Gy {beta}-radiation doses. It was observed that the maximum IRSL intensity has not changed by an increase in dose though the total intensity increased as expected. Considering the possible implications of our findings for dosimeter, the results were compared with the other studies and discussed.

2007-11-15

200

Research and development of peripheral technology for photovoltaic power systems. Meteorological analysis for suitable design of photovoltaic power generation systems; Shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu. Saiteki sekkei no tame no kisho data no chosa kenkyu

A facility for studying photon-neutron reactions under a braking #gamma#-beam with an energy of up to 26 MeV from a betratron includes Saratov-2, SM-4A, and IBM AT-386 microcomputers. Neutron detectors, pulsed braking radiation dosimeters, and the devices to control the betatron energy are described.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

201

Closed-form solutions for some metric perturbations from a closed Friedmann model and the distortion of the universe

This paper reports the study results on the standard weather data necessary for simulation of PV power generation systems in fiscal 1994. In the study on the selection criterion of the standard weather data from the viewpoint of PV power generation systems, three typical years are used; a year with average solar radiation, and two years with extremely less and more solar radiation for safe simulation. The standard weather data are arranged for output calculation of PV power generation systems by selecting the most typical year based on long-term observation data. The data to be arranged are as follows; total, direct and scattered solar radiations incident upon a horizontal surface, solar radiation upon a slope surface, sunshine duration, air temperature, wind direction, wind velocity, amount of precipitation, and snow depth. For arrangement of the nationwide ...

1994-12-01

202

A Versatile Evaporative Cooling System Designed for Use in an Elementary Particle Detector

We consider perturbations of a particular type (homogeneous of Bianchi type IX) from a closed Friedmann-Robertson-Walker model. By considering a perfect fluid, we obtain closed-form solutions for the perturbations in three interesting cases: stiff matter, radiation, and dust. As a cosmological application, we obtain an upper limit on the relative shear, (sigma/theta)_0 < b/sub 0exp/, if the microwave background radiation was last scattered at a mean red-shift element of [7,10"3] and the density parameter is #OMEGA# element of (1,10), where b/sub 0exp/ is the relative root-mean-square deviation of the temperature over the whole sky.

203

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

An evaporative cooling system developed for operation and qualification testing of silicon pixel and microstrip detectors for the inner tracking detector of the CERN ATLAS spectrometer is described. Silicon detector substrates must be continuously operated between 0 and ???7?C in the high radiation environment near the circulating beams at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). This requirement imposes unusual constraints on the cooling system and has led to the choice of perfluoro-n-propane (C3F8) refrigerant, which combines good chemical stability under ionizing radiation with high dielectric strength and nonflammability. Since the silicon detectors must also be of extremely light construction to minimize undesirable physics background, coolant tubes are of thin (200 ?m) aluminum wall, wh...

2007-01-01

204

The Ukrainian-American Study of Leukemia and Related Disorders Among Chornobyl Cleanup Workers from Ukraine: I. STUDY METHODS

Radiation oxidation of phenol in petrochemical waste water. II

Thus far there are relatively few data on the risk of leukemia among those who were exposed to external radiation during cleanup operations following the Chornobyl nuclear accident, and results...Full Text Available

2008-12-01

205

Dynamics of spontaneous radiation of atoms scattered by a resonance standing light wave

The rate was studied of radiation destruction of phenol aqueous solutions at a concentration range of 1 to 100 ppm. Irradiated were model solutions containing additions of some organic and inorganic substances typical of the petrochemical industry. In view of the fact that the radiation destruction kinetics is determined by the amount of dissolved oxygen in the sample and by the phenol concentration, relatively low doses were used. Thus, a sufficient amount of oxygen in the sample and therefore the oxidation mechanism of radiolysis were ensured. The dose-response relationships for phenol destruction were studied using doses of 50, 100, 200 and 400 J.kg"-"1; the limit dose was 500 J.kg"-"1. From the results obtained, a kinetic model was constructed of radiation phenol oxidation in aqueous solutions in the presence of various organic and inorganic additions. (B.S.).

1981-01-01

206

Chemical and physical change of packaging materials for food by gamma-ray irradiation

The scattering of atoms by a resonance standing light wave is considered under conditions when the lower of two resonance levels is metastable, while the upper level rapidly decays due to mainly spontaneous radiative transitions to the nonresonance levels of an atom. The diffraction scattering regime is studied, when the Rabi frequency is sufficiently high and many diffraction maxima are formed due to scattering. The dynamics of spontaneous radiation of an atom is investigated. It is shown that scattering slows down substantially the radiative decay of the atom. The regions and characteristics of the power and exponential decay are determined. The adiabatic and nonadiabatic scattering regimes are studied. It is shown that the wave packets of atoms in the metastable and resonance excited states narrow down during scattering. A limiting (minimal) size of the wave packets is found, ...

2003-09-01

207

Women's autonomy in household decision-making: a demographic study in Nepal

Recently, foods are often exposed to radiation under packed states with various wrapping materials. In this study, the effects of #gamma#-ray radiation were investigated on the additives in wrapping materials on the market. 10 - 50 kGy #gamma# radiation was irradiated to samples under sealed condition in a glass-ware. Polyethylene bag and wrapping film, polypropylene wrapping film, cup and sheet, and polystyrene cup were used as samples. And the additives in these materials were analyzed by GC/MS to evaluate the radiation effects on them. The irradiation was found to induce rapid degradation of antioxidants, especially, Irgafos 168. Some fatty acid amides used as a lubricant and a plasticizer, DBP were also reduced, but not aliphatic hydrocarbons. However, all polystyrene products used in this study included no additives. The contents of styrene dimer and trimer ...

1999-02-01

208

Which Circulating Antioxidant Vitamins Are Confounded by Socioeconomic Deprivation? The MIDSPAN Family Study

BackgroundHow socio-demographic factors influence women's autonomy in decision making on health care including purchasing goods and visiting family and relatives are very poorly...Full Text Available

209

Wavelet-based Gaussian-mixture hidden Markov model for the detection of multistage seizure dynamics: A proof-of-concept study

BackgroundAntioxidant vitamins are often described as having “independent” associations with risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. We aimed...Full Text Available

210

Using knowledge brokers to facilitate the uptake of pediatric measurement tools into clinical practice: a before-after intervention study

BackgroundEpilepsy is a common neurological disorder characterized by recurrent electrophysiological activities, known as seizures. Without the appropriate detection strategies,...Full Text Available

211

Use of complementary and alternative medicines for children with chronic health conditions in Lagos, Nigeria

BackgroundThe use of measurement tools is an essential part of good evidence-based practice; however, physiotherapists (PTs) are not always confident when selecting, administering,...Full Text Available

212

Unraveling gene regulatory networks from time-resolved gene expression data -- a measures comparison study

BackgroundThe use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is on the increase globally with a high prevalence in children and adults with chronic illnesses. Many studies have...Full Text Available

213

Unique health care utilization patterns in a homeless population in Ghent

BackgroundInferring regulatory interactions between genes from transcriptomics time-resolved data, yielding reverse engineered gene regulatory networks, is of paramount importance...Full Text Available

214

Ultrasonography and color Doppler of proximal gluteal enthesitis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a descriptive study

BackgroundExisting studies concerning the health care use of homeless people describe higher utilisation rates for hospital-based care and emergency care, and lower rates for primary...Full Text Available

215

Transient Ischemic Attack Before Nonlacunar Ischemic Stroke in the Elderly

BackgroundThe presence of enthesitis (insertional inflammation) in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is difficult to establish clinically and may influence classification...Full Text Available

216

Top-down and bottom-up modulation in processing bimodal face/voice stimuli

Background:Several studies suggest transient ischemic attack (TIA) may be neuroprotective against ischemic stroke analogous to preinfarction angina's protection against...Full Text Available

2008-09-01

217

Tobacco Chewing and Associated Factors Among Youth of Western Nepal: A Cross-sectional Study

BackgroundProcessing of multimodal information is a critical capacity of the human brain, with classic studies showing bimodal stimulation either facilitating or interfering in perceptual...Full Text Available

218

Timing of Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agent Initiation and Adverse Outcomes in Nondialysis CKD: a Propensity-Matched Observational Study

Background:Smokeless tobacco is found to be as addictive and harmful as smoking but have not been explored into, especially among youth.Objectives:This...Full Text Available

2011-04-01

219

The urine dipstick test useful to rule out infections. A meta-analysis of the accuracy

Background and objectives: The severity of anemia at which to initiate erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) treatment in nondialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients is unclear. Risk of mortality,...Full Text Available

2010-05-01

220

The search for stable prognostic models in multiple imputed data sets

BackgroundMany studies have evaluated the accuracy of dipstick tests as rapid detectors of bacteriuria and urinary tract infections (UTI). The lack of an adequate explanation for...Full Text Available

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

221

The relationship between the rate of melatonin excretion and sleep consolidation for locomotive engineers in natural sleep settings

BackgroundIn prognostic studies model instability and missing data can be troubling factors. Proposed methods for handling these situations are bootstrapping (B) and Multiple imputation...Full Text Available

222

The relationship between job satisfaction, burnout, and turnover intention among physicians from urban state-owned medical institutions in Hubei, China: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe aim of the study was to examine the role that melatonin production plays in the regulation of sleep consolidation in a population of shiftworkers working and sleeping...Full Text Available

223

The frequency of CD25+CD4+ and FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in ectopic endometrium and ectopic decidua

BackgroundThroughout China, a growing number of physicians are leaving or intending to depart from their organizations owing to job dissatisfaction. Little information is available...Full Text Available

224

The endogenous hydrogen sulfide producing enzyme cystathionine-? synthase contributes to visceral hypersensitivity in a rat model of irritable bowel syndrome

BackgroundThe presence of regulatory T (Treg) cells in human endometrium is crucial for maintaining immunological homeostasis within the uterus. For this study we decided to evaluate...Full Text Available

225

The effect of maternal anthropometric characteristics and social factors on gestational age and birth weight in Sudanese newborn infants

BackgroundThe pathogenesis of visceral hypersensitivity, a characteristic pathophysiological feature of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), remains elusive. Recent studies suggest a...Full Text Available

226

The development and validation of the daily electronic Endometriosis Pain and Bleeding Diary

BackgroundIn Africa low birth weight (LBW) (<2500 g), is the strongest determinant of infant morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of...Full Text Available

227

The complete mitochondrial genome of the stomatopod crustacean Squilla mantis

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to develop and validate a daily electronic Endometriosis Pain and Bleeding Diary (EPBD) for assessing treatment-related changes in endometriosis...Full Text Available

228

The association of circulating inflammatory markers with recurrent vascular events after stroke: a prospective cohort study

BackgroundAnimal mitochondrial genomes are physically separate from the much larger nuclear genomes and have proven useful both for phylogenetic studies and for understanding genome...Full Text Available

229

The association between hip fracture and hip osteoarthritis: A case-control study

BackgroundInflammatory markers may be associated with recurrent vascular events after stroke. We aimed to: (1) determine the association between interleukin-6, C-reactive...Full Text Available

2011-01-01

230

The Role of an Online Community for People With a Rare Disease: Content Analysis of Messages Posted on a Primary Biliary Cirrhosis Mailinglist

BackgroundThere have been reports both supporting and refuting an inverse relationship between hip fracture and hip osteoarthritis (OA). We explore this relationship using a case-control...Full Text Available

231

The Potential for pathogenicity was present in the ancestor of the Ascomycete subphylum Pezizomycotina

BackgroundThis study focuses on the role of an Internet-based group for people who have an autoimmune liver disease, primary biliary cirrhosis. Primary biliary...Full Text Available

232

The French national prospective cohort of patients co-infected with HIV and HCV (ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH): Early findings, 2006-2010

BackgroundPrevious studies in Ascomycetes have shown that the function of gene families of which the size is considerably larger in extant pathogens than in non-pathogens could be...Full Text Available

233

The Effect of Age on the Gingival Crevicular Fluid Composition During Experimental Gingivitis. A Pilot Study

BackgroundIn France, it is estimated that 24% of HIV-infected patients are also infected with HCV. Longitudinal studies addressing clinical and public health questions related to...Full Text Available

234

The ECOS-16 questionnaire for the evaluation of health related quality of life in post-menopausal women with osteoporosis

Background:Cytokines have been proposed as potentially useful diagnostic or prognostic markers of periodontal inflammation related alterations during the experimental gingivitis...Full Text Available

235

The Correlation and Accuracy of Glucose Levels between Interstitial Fluid and Venous Plasma by Continuous Glucose Monitoring System

BackgroundThe aim of this study is to validate the questionnaire ECOS-16 (Assessment of health related quality of life in osteoporosis) for the evaluation of health related quality...Full Text Available

236

The CORONIS Trial. International study of caesarean section surgical techniques: a randomised fractional, factorial trial

BackgroundClinical experience with the continuous glucose monitoring systems (CGMS) is limited in Korea. The objective of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of the CGMS and the...Full Text Available

2010-12-01

237

The Blind NasoTracheal Aspiration Method Is Not a Useful Tool for Pathogen Detection of Pneumonia in Children

BackgroundCaesarean section is one of the most commonly performed operations on women throughout the world. Rates have increased in recent years – about 20–25% in...Full Text Available

238

The BEACHES Study: health effects and exposures from non-point source microbial contaminants in subtropical recreational marine waters

BackgroundAcute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) is a major cause of hospitalization for children in China, while the etiological diagnosis of ALRI remains a challenge. This study...Full Text Available

239

The Association of Alcohol and Alcohol Metabolizing Gene Variants with Diabetes and Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors in a White Population

Background Microbial water-quality indicators, in high concentrations in sewage, are used to determine whether water is safe for recreational purposes. Recently, the use of these indicators...Full Text Available

2010-10-01

240

Temporal trends in hepatitis B and C infection in family blood donors from interior Sindh, Pakistan

BackgroundEpidemiological studies have shown a J- or U-shaped relation between alcohol and type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease (CHD). The underlying mechanisms are not clear....Full Text Available

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

241

Temporal changes in key maternal and fetal factors affecting birth outcomes: A 32-year population-based study in an industrial city

BackgroundHepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) infections are a serious global and national public health problem. Earlier studies have reported increasing rates of hepatitis infection...Full Text Available

242

Telephone consulting in primary care: a triangulated qualitative study of patients and providers

BackgroundThe link between maternal factors and birth outcomes is well established. Substantial changes in society and medical care over time have influenced women's reproductive...Full Text Available

243

Technology assessment and resource allocation for predictive genetic testing: A study of the perspectives of Canadian genetic health care providers

BackgroundInternationally, there is increasing use of telephone consultations, particularly for triaging requests for acute care. However, little is known about how this mode of...Full Text Available

2009-06-01

244

Systemic Naloxone Infusion May Trigger Spasticity in Patients With Spinal Cord Injury: Case Series

BackgroundWith a growing number of genetic tests becoming available to the health and consumer markets, genetic health care providers in Canada are faced with the challenge of developing...Full Text Available

245

Susceptibility of human primary neuronal cells to Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus-related (XMRV) virus infection

Background/Objective:Three patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) and 3 able-bodied (AB) patients were infused with naloxone during a study to examine their neuroendocrine...Full Text Available

2007-01-01

246

Surveillance for the detection of early lung cancer in patients with bronchial dysplasia

BackgroundXenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus-related (XMRV) virus is a recently identified mouse gammaretrovirus that has the ability to infect certain human cells. In this study,...Full Text Available

247

Surmounting the Unique Challenges in Health Disparities Education: A Multi-Institution Qualitative Study

BackgroundThe natural history of bronchial preinvasive lesions and the risk of developing lung cancer in patients with these lesions are not clear. Previous studies have treated...Full Text Available

2007-01-01

248

Surface EMG pattern recognition for real-time control of a wrist exoskeleton

BackgroundThe National Consortium for Multicultural Education for Health Professionals (Consortium) comprises educators representing 18 US medical schools, funded by the National...Full Text Available

2010-05-01

249

Successful establishment of primary small airway cell cultures in human lung transplantation

BackgroundSurface electromyography (sEMG) signals have been used in numerous studies for the classification of hand gestures and movements and successfully implemented in the position...Full Text Available

250

Study on effectiveness of transfusion program in thalassemia major patients receiving multiple blood transfusions at a transfusion centre in Western India

BackgroundThe study of small airway diseases such as post-transplant bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is hampered by the difficulty in assessing peripheral airway function...Full Text Available

2009-01-01

251

Steroid injections for shoulder disorders: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials.

Background:Children suffering from beta-thalassemia major require repeated blood transfusions which may be associated with dangers like iron overload and contraction of...Full Text Available

2010-07-01

252

Sternal plate fixation for sternal wound reconstruction: initial experience (Retrospective study)

BACKGROUND: Patients with shoulder disorders are believed to benefit considerably from steroid injections. However, the controversy about their efficacy persists. AIM: The study was designed to assess...Full Text Available

1996-05-01

253

Stent expansion: a combination of delivery balloon underexpansion and acute stent recoil reduces predicted stent diameter irrespective of reference vessel size

BackgroundMedian sternotomy infection and bony nonunion are two commonly described complications which occur in 0.4 - 5.1% of cardiac procedures. Although relatively infrequent,...Full Text Available

254

Squamous Cell Carcinoma in South-Eastern Equatorial Rain Forest in Calabar, Nigeria

BackgroundThere is a strong inverse relationship between final vessel diameter and subsequent risk of treatment failure after coronary stent deployment. The aim of this study was...Full Text Available

2007-12-01

255

Specific expression profile and prognostic significance of peroxiredoxins in grade II-IV astrocytic brain tumors

Background: In North America and Europe, 80% of invasive skin cancers are basal cell carcinoma while 20% are squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). In contrast, African studies reveal a preponderance...Full Text Available

256

Smoking cessation and lung cancer risk in an Asian population: Findings from the Singapore Chinese Health Study

BackgroundPeroxiredoxins (Prxs) have recently been suggested to have a role in tumorigenesis.MethodsWe studied the expression of Prx I-VI and their...Full Text Available

257

Sleep and Fatigue Symptoms in Children and Adolescents With CKD: A Cross-sectional Analysis From the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) Study

Background:Smoking cessation is an important strategy for reducing the harmful effects of tobacco, particularly in the prevention of lung cancer; however, prospective data on the...Full Text Available

2010-09-28

258

Serum Potassium and Outcomes in CKD: Insights from the RRI-CKD Cohort Study

BackgroundAlthough symptoms of sleepiness and fatigue are common among adults with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), little is known about the prevalence of these symptoms...Full Text Available

2010-02-01

259

Sequence space coverage, entropy of genomes and the potential to detect non-human DNA in human samples

Background and objectives: The relationship between serum potassium (S_K) and mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) has not been systematically investigated.Design, setting, participants,...Full Text Available

2010-05-01

260

Separation of the bacterial species, Escherichia coli, from mixed-species microbial communities for transcriptome analysis

BackgroundGenomes store information for building and maintaining organisms. Complete sequencing of many genomes provides the opportunity to study and compare global information properties...Full Text Available

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

261

Selective endothelin A-receptor blockade attenuates coronary microvascular dysfunction after coronary stenting in patients with type 2 diabetes

BackgroundThe study of bacterial species interactions in a mixed-species community can be facilitated by transcriptome analysis of one species in the community using cDNA microarray...Full Text Available

262

Safety during the monitoring of diabetic patients: trial teaching course on health professionals and diabetics - SEGUDIAB study

Background:Endothelin-1 may be involved in the development of diabetic microangiopathy. We studied the effect of endothelin-1 blockade on myocardial microcirculation during coronary...Full Text Available

2009-01-01

263

Role of ocular involvement in the prediction of visual development and clinical prognosis in Aicardi syndrome.

BackgroundSafety for diabetic patients means providing the most suitable treatment for each type of diabetic in order to improve monitoring and to prevent the adverse effects of...Full Text Available

264

Resection of pulmonary metastases in pediatric patients with Ewing sarcoma improves survival

AIMS/BACKGROUND: This study was undertaken to document visual function and acuity in patients with Aicardi syndrome, and to determine whether there is any relation between ocular features of the syndrome...Full Text Available

1996-09-01

265

Reproductive factors and risks of biliary tract cancers and stones: a population-based study in Shanghai, China

BackgroundEwing sarcoma (ES) is the second most common bone tumor in children, and survival of those with metastatic ES has not improved. Previous studies have shown...Full Text Available

2011-02-01

266

Renal functions in pediatric patients with beta-thalassemia major: relation to chelation therapy: original prospective study

Background:Parity has been linked to gallbladder cancer and gallstones, but the effects of other reproductive factors are less clear.Methods:We examined...Full Text Available

2010-03-30

267

Reduction of anti-malarial consumption after rapid diagnostic tests implementation in Dar es Salaam: a before-after and cluster randomized controlled study

BackgroundIn β-thalassemia, profound anemia and severe hemosiderosis cause functional and physiological abnormalities in various organ systems. In recent years, there have...Full Text Available

268

Redistribution of pulmonary blood flow impacts thermodilution-based extravascular lung water measurements in a model of acute lung injury

BackgroundPresumptive treatment of all febrile patients with anti-malarials leads to massive over-treatment. The aim was to assess the effect of implementing malaria rapid diagnostic...Full Text Available

269

Red and Processed Meat and Colorectal Cancer Incidence: Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies

BackgroundStudies using transthoracic thermodilution have demonstrated increased extravascular lung water (EVLW) measurements attributed to progression of edema and...Full Text Available

2009-11-01

270

Reconsidering the use of rankings in the valuation of health states: a model for estimating cardinal values from ordinal data

BackgroundThe evidence that red and processed meat influences colorectal carcinogenesis was judged convincing in the 2007 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute of Cancer...Full Text Available

271

Radical Resection After IORT-Containing Multimodality Treatment is the Most Important Determinant for Outcome in Patients Treated for Locally Recurrent Rectal Cancer

BackgroundIn survey studies on health-state valuations, ordinal ranking exercises often are used as precursors to other elicitation methods such as the time trade-off (TTO) or standard...Full Text Available

272

Quantifiable Biomarkers of Normal Aging in the Japanese Medaka Fish (Oryzias latipes)

BackgroundThe optimal treatment for locally recurrent rectal cancer (LRRC) is still a matter of debate. This study assessed the outcome of LRRC patients treated with multimodality...Full Text Available

2008-07-01

273

Quality of life in the Iranian Blind War Survivors in 2007: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundSmall laboratory fish share many anatomical and histological characteristics with other vertebrates, yet can be maintained in large numbers at low cost for lifetime studies....Full Text Available

274

Quality assessment of reporting of randomization, allocation concealment, and blinding in traditional chinese medicine RCTs: A review of 3159 RCTs identified from 260 systematic reviews

BackgroundQuality of Life measurements are necessary tools for effectively evaluating health services. In the population of patients afflicted with war-related blindness in Iran,...Full Text Available

275

Protective effects of hydroalcoholic extract from rhizomes of Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. on compensated right heart failure in rats

BackgroundRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) which are of poor quality tend to exaggerate the effect estimate and lead to wrong or misleading conclusions. The aim of this study...Full Text Available

276

Prospective randomized controlled trial of an injectable esophageal prosthesis versus a sham procedure for endoscopic treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease

BackgroundThe rhizomes of Cynodon dactylon are used for the treatment of heart failure in folk medicine. In the present study, we investigated the effects of hydroalcoholic...Full Text Available

277

Prognostic determinants for survival after resection/ablation of a large hepatocellular carcinoma

BackgroundThis study aimed to assess whether endoscopic implantation of an injectable esophageal prosthesis, the Gatekeeper Reflux Repair System (GK), is a safe and effective therapy...Full Text Available

2010-06-01

278

PrognoScan: a new database for meta-analysis of the prognostic value of genes

Background:Liver resection of large hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), measuring at least 10 cm remains a controversial debate. Multiple studies on HCCs treated with surgical resection...Full Text Available

2009-06-01

279

Primary and revision lumbar discectomy: A three-year review from one center

BackgroundIn cancer research, the association between a gene and clinical outcome suggests the underlying etiology of the disease and consequently can motivate further studies. The...Full Text Available

280

Prevalence and trends of selected urologic conditions for VA healthcare users

Background:Despite variations in technique, the results of primary and revision lumbar discectomy have been good. The aim of this study was to retrospectively review cases...Full Text Available

2008-04-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

281

Predictors for presence and abundance of small mammals in households of villages endemic for commensal rodent plague in Yunnan Province, China

BackgroundConducted as part of the Urologic Diseases in America project whose aim was to quantify the burden of urologic diseases on the American public, this study focuses on Veterans...Full Text Available

282

Prediction of breast cancer prognosis using gene set statistics provides signature stability and biological context

BackgroundNinety-one rodent plague epidemics have occurred in Lianghe county, Yunnan Province, China, between 1990 and 2006. This study aimed to identify predictors for the presence...Full Text Available

283

Potentially Inappropriate Prescribing of Benzodiazepines for Older Adults and Risk of Falls During a Hospital Stay: A Descriptive Study

BackgroundDifferent microarray studies have compiled gene lists for predicting outcomes of a range of treatments and diseases. These have produced gene lists that have little overlap,...Full Text Available

284

Posttraumatic growth, posttraumatic stress disorder and resilience of motor vehicle accident survivors

Background:Falls have been identified as a potential adverse event associated with the administration of psychotropic medications to older patients.Objective:The...Full Text Available

2009-07-01

285

Polymorphisms in the epidermal growth factor receptor gene and the risk of primary lung cancer: a case-control study

BackgroundAlthough some previous studies have suggested that posttraumatic growth (PTG) is comprised of several factors with different properties, few have examined both the association...Full Text Available

286

Phylogenetic inference in Rafflesiales: the influence of rate heterogeneity and horizontal gene transfer

BackgroundPolymorphisms in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) gene may influence EGFR production and/or activity, thereby modulating susceptibility to lung...Full Text Available

287

Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of zibotentan (ZD4054) in subjects with hepatic or renal impairment: two open-label comparative studies

BackgroundThe phylogenetic relationships among the holoparasites of Rafflesiales have remained enigmatic for over a century. Recent molecular phylogenetic studies using the mitochondrial...Full Text Available

288

Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy: clinical and quality of life outcomes with a minimum 2 year follow-up

BackgroundZibotentan (ZD4054) is a specific endothelin A (ET_A) receptor antagonist being investigated for the treatment of prostate cancer. As zibotentan is eliminated...Full Text Available

289

Paying for treatments? Influences on negotiating clinical need and decision-making for dental implant treatment

BackgroundPercutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy is a relatively new technique. Very few studies have reported the clinical outcome of percutaneous endoscopic discectomy in terms...Full Text Available

290

Pattern of seat belt use by drivers in Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies

BackgroundThe aim of this study is to examine how clinicians and patients negotiate clinical need and treatment decisions within a context of finite resources. Dental implant treatment...Full Text Available

291

Patient organisations and the reimbursement process for medicines: an exploratory study in eight European countries

BackgroundIn Trinidad and Tobago, the law on the mandatory use of seat belts was passed in 1995, but this law is hardly enforced. The objective of this study was to determine the...Full Text Available

292

Pain characteristics of adults 65 years of age and older referred to a tertiary care pain clinic

BackgroundLittle is known about the role European patient organisations play in the process of deciding on reimbursement for medicines. Therefore we explore the...Full Text Available

293

PYRROLO[1,2-b][1,2,5]BENZOTHIADIAZEPINES (PBTDs) induce apoptosis in K562 cells

BACKGROUND:Reports indicate that characteristics of older adults with chronic pain may be different than those of younger persons.OBJECTIVE:To study...Full Text Available

2008-09-01

294

Oral manifestations of HIV infection in children and adults receiving highly active anti-retroviral therapy [HAART] in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to gain insight into the molecular mechanism of induced cell death (apoptosis) by PYRROLO [1,2-b][1,2,5]BENZOTHIADIAZEPINES...Full Text Available

295

Oral cancer awareness amongst hospital nursing staff: a pilot study

BackgroundThe aim of the study was to compare the prevalence and types of HIV-related oral lesions between children and adult Tanzanian patients on HAART with those not on HAART...Full Text Available

296

On the ease of predicting the thermodynamic properties of beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes

BackgroundOral cancer is as prevalent as cervical and testicular cancer in the United Kingdom. Nursing staff provide the oral health care for the patient population in hospital....Full Text Available

297

Nutritional status of iodine in pregnant women in Catalonia (Spain): study on hygiene-dietetic habits and iodine in urine

BackgroundIn this study we investigated the predictability of three thermodynamic quantities related to complex formation. As a model system we chose the host-guest complexes of...Full Text Available

298

Novel therapies for resistant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FONT) phase II clinical trial: study design

BackgroundIt is a priority to achieve an adequate nutritional status of iodine during pregnancy since iodine deficiency in this population may have repercussions on the mother during...Full Text Available

299

Novel structural features in two ZHX homeodomains derived from a systematic study of single and multiple domains

BackgroundThe lack of adequate randomized clinical trials (RCT) has hindered identification of new therapies that are safe and effective for patients with primary focal segmental...Full Text Available

300

New retinal imaging for the visualization and analysis of vitreoretinal interface (VRI) by short-wavelength scanning laser ophthalmoscope (swSLO)

BackgroundZhx1 to 3 (zinc-fingers and homeoboxes) form a set of paralogous genes encoding multi-domain proteins. ZHX proteins consist of two zinc fingers followed...Full Text Available

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

301

Neurobehavioral Deficits and Increased Blood Pressure in School-Age Children Prenatally Exposed to Pesticides

Background:The purpose of the study was to evaluate vitreoretinal interface (VRI) alteration with a short-wavelength scanning laser ophthalmoscope (swSLO), the Nidek F-10, and compare...Full Text Available

2011-01-01

302

Neointimal hyperplasia persists at six months after sirolimus-eluting stent implantation in diabetic porcine

BackgroundThe long-term neurotoxicity risks caused by prenatal exposures to pesticides are unclear, but a previous pilot study of Ecuadorian school children suggested that blood...Full Text Available

2010-06-01

303

Neoangiogenesis in early cervical cancer: Correlation between color Doppler findings and risk factors. A prospective observational study

BackgroundObservational clinical studies have shown that patients with diabetes have less favorable results after percutaneous coronary intervention compared with the non-diabetic...Full Text Available

304

Motion compensation with a scanned ion beam: a technical feasibility study

BackgroundThe aim of the present article was to evaluate whether angiogenic parameters as assessed by transvaginal color Doppler ultrasound (TVCD) may predict those prognostic factors...Full Text Available

305

Modeling RNA polymerase competition: the effect of ?-subunit knockout and heat shock on gene transcription level

BackgroundIntrafractional motion results in local over- and under-dosage in particle therapy with a scanned beam. Scanned beam delivery offers the possibility to compensate target...Full Text Available

306

Migrant participation in Norwegian health care. A qualitative study using key informants

BackgroundModeling of a complex biological process can explain the results of experimental studies and help predict its characteristics. Among such processes is transcription in...Full Text Available

307

Methodological Issues in Monitoring Health Services and Outcomes for Stroke Survivors: A Case Study

Background Little is known about how migrants adapt to first-world public health systems. In Norway, patients are assigned a registered general practitioner (RGP) to provide basic care...Full Text Available

2011-03-01

308

Mental health of female foreign spouses in transnational marriages in southern Taiwan

BackgroundObtaining comprehensive health outcomes and health services utilization data on stroke patients has been difficult. This research grew out of a memorandum...Full Text Available

2010-10-01

309

Measurement of Sexual Functioning After Spinal Cord Injury: Preferred Instruments

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the mental health status, and the risk factors associated with mild psychiatric disorders, of female foreign spouses (from Vietnam,...Full Text Available

310

Maxillofacial injuries associated with intimate partner violence in women

Background/Objective:To determine the utility of certain instruments to assess sexuality and fertility after SCI, an expert panel identified key areas to study and evaluated...Full Text Available

2009-06-01

311

Management of nucleus loss into the vitreous: long term follow up in 63 patients

BackgroundThe facial region has been the most common site of injury following violent episodes. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and pattern of maxillofacial...Full Text Available

312

Malaria vectors and transmission dynamics in coastal south-western Cameroon

Background:The aim of present study is to determine the long-term results of patients who undergo pars plana vitrectomy after retained nucleus into the vitreous.Setting:Service...Full Text Available

2007-12-01

313

Major inducing factors of hypertensive complications and the interventions required to reduce their prevalence: an epidemiological study of hypertension in a rural population in China

BackgroundMalaria is a major public health problem in Cameroon. Unlike in the southern forested areas where the epidemiology of malaria has been better studied prior to the implementation...Full Text Available

314

Lower trunk kinematics and muscle activity during different types of tennis serves

BackgroundThe complications of hypertension cause severe health problems in rural areas in China. We (i) screened the major factors inducing hypertensive complications and provided...Full Text Available

315

Limited agreement exists between rationale and practice in athletes' supplement use for maintenance of health: a retrospective study

BackgroundTo better understand the underlying mechanisms involved in trunk motion during a tennis serve, this study aimed to examine the (1) relative motion of the middle and lower...Full Text Available

316

Life-Span Exposure to Low Doses of Aspartame Beginning during Prenatal Life Increases Cancer Effects in Rats

BackgroundThe widespread use of nutritional supplements among athletes is poorly understood. The prevalence of supplement intake and users' knowledge have been researched independently...Full Text Available

317

Large-scale association analysis of TNF/LTA gene region polymorphisms in type 2 diabetes

BackgroundIn a previous study conducted at the Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center of the European Ramazzini Foundation (CMCRC/ERF), we demonstrated for the first time that aspartame...Full Text Available

2007-09-01

318

Lack of impact of intravenous lidocaine on analgesia, functional recovery, and nociceptive pain threshold after total hip arthroplasty

BackgroundThe TNF/LTA locus has been a long-standing T2D candidate gene. Several studies have examined association of TNF/LTA...Full Text Available

319

Lack of association between dietary fructose and hyperuricemia risk in adults

BackgroundThe analgesic effect of perioperative low doses intravenous lidocaine has been demonstrated after abdominal surgery. This study aimed to evaluate whether...Full Text Available

2008-07-01

320

Knowledge and behaviour of nurse/midwives in the prevention of vertical transmission of HIV in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundHigh serum uric acid concentration (hyperuricemia) has been studied for its relationship with multiple adverse health outcomes, such as metabolic syndrome. Intervention...Full Text Available

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

321

Is the Kaiser Permanente model superior in terms of clinical integration?: a comparative study of Kaiser Permanente, Northern California and the Danish healthcare system

BackgroundMother-to-Child Transmission (MTCT) of HIV remains the main mode of acquisition of HIV in children. Transmission of HIV may occur during pregnancy, delivery or breastfeeding....Full Text Available

322

Intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia refractory to carbamazepine: a study protocol[ISRCTN33042138

BackgroundIntegration of medical care across clinicians and settings could enhance the quality of care for patients. To date, there is limited data on the levels of integration in...Full Text Available

323

Integration of metabolic databases for the reconstruction of genome-scale metabolic networks

BackgroundWe have recently reported successful treatment of patients with chronic pain syndromes using human pooled intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in a prospective, open-label...Full Text Available

324

Influence of a Salinity Gradient on the Vessel Characters of the Mangrove Species Rhizophora mucronata

BackgroundGenome-scale metabolic reconstructions have been recognised as a valuable tool for a variety of applications ranging from metabolic engineering to evolutionary studies....Full Text Available

325

Infant Milk Feeding Influences Adult Bone Health: A Prospective Study from Birth to 32 Years

• Background and Aims Although mangroves have been extensively studied, little is known about their ecological wood anatomy. This investigation examined the potential use of...Full Text Available

2006-12-01

326

In-vivo coronary flow profiling based on biplane angiograms: influence of geometric simplifications on the three-dimensional reconstruction and wall shear stress calculation

BackgroundPeak bone mass, attained by early adulthood, is influenced by genetic and life-style factors. Early infant feeding and duration of breastfeeding in particular, associate...Full Text Available

327

Impact of repeated four-monthly anthelmintic treatment on Plasmodium infection in preschool children: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial

BackgroundClinical studies suggest that local wall shear stress (WSS) patterns modulate the site and the progression of atherosclerotic lesions. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)...Full Text Available

328

Impact of periodic health examination on surgical treatment for uterine fibroids in Beijing: a case-control study

BackgroundHelminth infections can alter susceptibility to malaria. Studies need to determine whether or not deworming programs can impact on Plasmodium infections...Full Text Available

329

Impact of informed-choice invitations on diabetes screening knowledge, attitude and intentions: an analogue study

BackgroundDuring the past 2 decades, there has been a rapid proliferation of "health examination center (HEC)" across China. The effects of their services on public's health have...Full Text Available

330

Impact of Proteinuria and Glomerular Filtration Rate on Risk of Thromboembolism in Atrial Fibrillation: the ATRIA Study

BackgroundDespite concerns that facilitating informed choice would decrease diabetes screening uptake, 'informed choice' invitations that increased knowledge did not affect attendance...Full Text Available

331

Identification of cell cycle-related regulatory motifs using a kernel canonical correlation analysis

BackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) substantially increases the risk of ischemic stroke but this risk varies among individual patients with AF. Existing risk stratification...Full Text Available

2009-03-17

332

Humanities for medical students? A qualitative study of a medical humanities curriculum in a medical school program

BackgroundGene regulation is a key mechanism in higher eukaryotic cellular processes. One of the major challenges in gene regulation studies is to identify regulators affecting the...Full Text Available

333

Human papillomavirus infection in Beijing, People's Republic of China: a population-based study

BackgroundToday, there is a trend towards establishing the medical humanities as a component of medical education. However, medical humanities programs that exist within the context...Full Text Available

334

Hostility May Explain the Association between Depressive Mood and Mortality: Evidence from the French GAZEL Cohort Study

Background:No recent data exist on human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in Beijing, People's Republic of China.Materials and methodWe interviewed...Full Text Available

2009-11-03

335

Highly Conserved Regimes of Neighbor-Base-Dependent Mutation Generated the Background Primary-Structural Heterogeneities along Vertebrate Chromosomes

BackgroundDepressive mood is associated with mortality. Because personality has been found to be associated with depression and mortality as well, we aimed to test...Full Text Available

2010-02-01

336

High prevalence of syphilis among demobilized child soldiers in Eastern Congo: a cross-sectional study

The content of guanine+cytosine varies markedly along the chromosomes of homeotherms and great effort has been devoted to studying this heterogeneity and its biological implications. Already...Full Text Available

337

Heritability of Measures of Kidney Disease Among Zuni Indians: The Zuni Kidney Project

BackgroundSyphilis, a known major public health issue for soldiers during periods of conflict, is exacerbated in the Democratic Republic of Congo due to widespread sexual violence....Full Text Available

338

Health Literacy and Access to Kidney Transplantation

BackgroundThe long-term goal of the GKDZI (Genetics of Kidney Disease in Zuni Indians) Study is to identify genes, environmental factors, and genetic-environmental...Full Text Available

2010-08-01

339

Geographical variation in relationships between parental body size and offspring phenotype at birth

Background and objectives: Few studies have examined health literacy in patients with end stage kidney disease. We hypothesized that inadequate health literacy in a hemodialysis population is common...Full Text Available

2009-01-01

340

Genotyping faecal samples of Bengal tiger Panthera tigris tigris for population estimation: A pilot study

BackgroundSize and body proportions at birth are partly determined by maternal body composition, but most studies of mother-baby relationships have only considered...Full Text Available

2006-01-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

341

Genomic Content of Bordetella pertussis Clinical Isolates Circulating in Areas of Intensive Children Vaccination

BackgroundBengal tiger Panthera tigris tigris the National Animal of India, is an endangered species. Estimating populations for such species is the main objective...Full Text Available

342

BackgroundThe objective of the study was to analyse the evolution of Bordetella pertussis population and the influence of herd immunity in different areas of the...Full Text Available

343

General lack of global dosage compensation in ZZ/ZW systems? Broadening the perspective with RNA-seq

BackgroundDue to the high morbidity and mortality of fulminant hepatitis, early diagnosis followed by early effective treatment is the key for prognosis improvement. So far, little...Full Text Available

344

Gene expression profile of rat left ventricles reveals persisting changes following chronic mild exercise protocol: implications for cardioprotection

BackgroundSpecies with heteromorphic sex chromosomes face the challenge of large-scale imbalance in gene dose. Microarray-based studies in several independent male heterogametic...Full Text Available

345

Fostering implementation of health services research findings into practice: a consolidated framework for advancing implementation science

BackgroundEpidemiological studies showed that physical exercise, specifically moderate lifelong training, is protective against cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Most experimental...Full Text Available

346

First body fat percentiles for 607 children from Thessaloniki-Northern Greece

BackgroundMany interventions found to be effective in health services research studies fail to translate into meaningful patient care outcomes across multiple contexts. Health services...Full Text Available

347

Expression and prognostic significance of cox-2 and p-53 in hodgkin lymphomas: a retrospective study

Background and Aim: The purpose of this study was to establish for the first time reference curves for body fat levels in a Greek pediatric population aged 7-15y.Methods:...Full Text Available

2010-07-01

348

Exploring the impact of a decision support intervention on vascular access decisions in chronic hemodialysis patients: study protocol

BackgroundCyclooxygenase (cox) is the rate-limiting enzyme, which catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins and contributes to the inflammatory process. Cyclooxygenase-2...Full Text Available

349

Examination of program exposure across intervention delivery modes: face-to-face versus internet

BackgroundIn patients with Stage 5 Chronic Kidney Disease who require renal replacement therapy a major decision concerns modality choice. However, many patients defer the decision...Full Text Available

350

Evaluation of the Widal tube agglutination test for the diagnosis of typhoid fever among children admitted to a rural hdospital in Tanzania and a comparison with previous studies

BackgroundThere has been increasing interest in the ability of the internet to produce behaviour change. The focus of this study was to describe program exposure across three intervention...Full Text Available

351

Evaluating professionalism in medical undergraduates using selected response questions: findings from an item response modelling study

BackgroundThe diagnosis of typhoid fever is confirmed by culture of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi (S. typhi). However, a more rapid, simpler,...Full Text Available

352

Estimating a preference-based index for a menopause specific health quality of life questionnaire

BackgroundProfessionalism is a difficult construct to define in medical students but aspects of this concept may be important in predicting the risk of postgraduate misconduct. For...Full Text Available

353

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) inhibits the migratory behavior of tumor bronchial epithelial cells

BackgroundThe aim of the study was to develop a menopause-specific, preference-based health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) index reflecting both menopausal symptoms and potential...Full Text Available

354

Enhancing fraction measured using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI predicts disease-free survival in patients with carcinoma of the cervix

BackgroundMany studies associated the main polyphenolic constituent of green tea, (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), with inhibition of cancers, invasion and metastasis. To date,...Full Text Available

2008-01-01

355

Endoscopic treatment of persistent thoracobiliary fistulae after penetrating liver trauma

Background:There is a need for simple imaging parameters capable of predicting therapeutic outcome.Methods:This retrospective study analysed 50 patients...Full Text Available

2010-01-05

356

Elevated Levels of Volatile Organic Carcinogen and Toxicant Biomarkers in Chinese Women Who Regularly Cook at Home

Background:This study evaluated the outcomes of patients with complex or persistent thoracobiliary fistulae following penetrating liver trauma, who underwent endoscopic biliary intervention...Full Text Available

2009-03-01

357

Effects of job rotation and role stress among nurses on job satisfaction and organizational commitment

BackgroundEpidemiologic studies associate lung cancer in non-smoking Chinese women with Chinese-style wok cooking. Our goal was to quantify carcinogen and toxicant...Full Text Available

2010-05-01

358

Effect of discriminative plant-sugar feeding on the survival and fecundity of Anopheles gambiae

BackgroundThe motivation for this study was to investigate how role stress among nurses could affect their job satisfaction and organizational commitment, and whether the job rotation...Full Text Available

359

Effect of a mixture of micronutrients, but not of bovine colostrum concentrate, on immune function parameters in healthy volunteers: a randomized placebo-controlled study

BackgroundA previous study showed for Anopheles gambiae s.s. a gradation of feeding preference on common plant species growing in a malaria holoendemic area in western...Full Text Available

360

Effect of Leucovorin (Folinic Acid) on the Developmental Quotient of Children with Down's Syndrome (Trisomy 21) and Influence of Thyroid Status

BackgroundSupplementation of nutritional deficiencies helps to improve immune function and resistance to infections in malnourished subjects. However, the suggested benefits of dietary...Full Text Available

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

361

Early inflammatory markers in elicitation of allergic contact dermatitis

BackgroundSeven genes involved in folate metabolism are located on chromosome 21. Previous studies have shown that folate deficiency may contribute to mental retardation in Down's...Full Text Available

362

Early Wound Healing Following One-Stage Dental Implant Placement With and Without Antibiotic Prophylaxis: A Pilot Study

BackgroundAllergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD) is regarded as a T-cell-mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction. We studied the kinetics of the expression of CS-1 fibronectin,...Full Text Available

363

Early Changes in Bone Specific Turnover Markers During the Healing Process After Vertebral Fracture

BackgroundOne-stage implant placement has clinically acceptable treatment outcomes. Among other advantages, it may allow investigation of early wound healing. The...Full Text Available

2008-10-01

364

Dual mobility cup reduces dislocation rate after arthroplasty for femoral neck fracture

Background:The present study measured longitudinal changes in bone turnover markers in elderly patients with vertebral fracture and investigated the relationship among bone turnover...Full Text Available

365

Dried blood spots as a source of anti-malarial antibodies for epidemiological studies

BackgroundHip dislocation after arthroplasty for femoral neck fractures remains a serious complication. The aim of our study was to investigate the dislocation rate in acute femoral...Full Text Available

366

Donor deferral due to anemia: A tertiary care center-based study

BackgroundBlood spots collected onto filter paper are an established and convenient source of antibodies for serological diagnosis and epidemiological surveys. Although recommendations...Full Text Available

367

Does physical anhedonia play a role in depression? A 20-year longitudinal study

Background:The minimum hemoglobin cutoff for blood donation in India is 12.5 gm% for both male and female donors and the minimum donation interval is 3 months. Donation...Full Text Available

2011-01-01

368

Dirt Cheap and Without Prescription: How Susceptible are Young US Consumers to Purchasing Drugs From Rogue Internet Pharmacies?

BackgroundAnhedonia towards physical or sensory experiences (i.e., physical anhedonia) has most often been examined as a differentia of schizophrenia and not depression,...Full Text Available

2010-01-01

369

Differential Regulation of PDE5 Expression in Left and Right Ventricles of Feline Hypertrophy Models

BackgroundWebsites of many rogue sellers of medications are accessible through links in email spam messages or via web search engines. This study examined...Full Text Available

370

Dietary patterns associated with fall-related fracture in elderly Japanese: a population based prospective study

BackgroundThough long known to affect smooth muscle biology, recent studies indicate that phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) is also expressed in myocardium. Recognizing that the regulation...Full Text Available

371

Diet and lifestyle interventions in postpartum women in China: study design and rationale of a multicenter randomized controlled trial

BackgroundDiet is considered an important factor for bone health, but is composed of a wide variety of foods containing complex combinations of nutrients. Therefore we investigated...Full Text Available

372

Development of a prototype clinical decision support tool for osteoporosis disease management: a qualitative study of focus groups

Background"Doing the month", or "sitting month", is a traditional practice for postpartum women in China and other Asian countries, which includes some taboos against well-accepted...Full Text Available

373

Determinants of health insurance ownership among South African women

BackgroundOsteoporosis affects over 200 million people worldwide, and represents a significant cost burden. Although guidelines are available for best practice in osteoporosis, evidence...Full Text Available

374

Demographic, Dietary, and Urinary Factors and 24-h Urinary Calcium Excretion

BackgroundStudies conducted in developed countries using economic models show that individual- and household- level variables are important determinants of health insurance ownership....Full Text Available

375

DHA supplementation for late onset Stargardt disease: NAT-3 study

Background and objectives: Higher urinary calcium is a risk factor for nephrolithiasis. This study delineated associations between demographic, dietary, and urinary factors and 24-h urinary calcium.Design,...Full Text Available

2009-12-01

376

Cumulative Inflammatory Load Is Associated with Short Leukocyte Telomere Length in the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study

Background:We analyzed the effects of a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation in patients affected with late onset Stargardt disease (STGD).Methods:DHA...Full Text Available

2010-01-01

377

Council tax valuation band predicts breast feeding and socio-economic status in the ALSPAC study population

BackgroundLeukocyte telomere length (LTL) is an emerging marker of biological age. Chronic inflammatory activity is commonly proposed as a promoter of ...Full Text Available

378

Content validity of manual spinal palpatory exams - A systematic review

BackgroundBreast-feeding rates in the UK are known to vary by maternal socio-economic status but the latter function is imperfectly defined. We test if CTVB (Council Tax Valuation...Full Text Available

379

Considerable Variability in Platelet Activity among Patients with Coronary Artery Disease in Response to an Increased Maintenance Dose of Clopidogrel

BackgroundMany health care professionals use spinal palpatory exams as a primary and well-accepted part of the evaluation of spinal pathology. However, few studies have explored...Full Text Available

380

Comparison of knowledge scores of medical students in problem-based learning and traditional curriculum on public health topics

BackgroundVariable platelet response to clopidogrel has been widely observed. Studies have shown that the mean aggregation response to clopidogrel can be changed...Full Text Available

2009-05-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

381

Comparison of deferral rates using a computerized versus written blood donor questionnaire: a randomized, cross-over study [ISRCTN84429599

BackgroundThe purpose of the study was to compare the knowledge scores of medical students in Problem-based Learning and traditional curriculum on public health topics.Full Text Available

382

Comparative transcripts profiling reveals new insight into molecular processes regulating lycopene accumulation in a sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) red-flesh mutant

BackgroundSelf-administered computer-assisted blood donor screening strategies may elicit more accurate responses and improve the screening process.MethodsRandomized...Full Text Available

383

Comparative study of nonlinear properties of EEG signals of normal persons and epileptic patients

BackgroundInterest in lycopene metabolism and regulation is growing rapidly because accumulative studies have suggested an important role for lycopene in human health promotion....Full Text Available

384

Comparative in vitro activity of Meropenem, Imipenem and Piperacillin/tazobactam against 1071 clinical isolates using 2 different methods: a French multicentre study

BackgroundInvestigation of the functioning of the brain in living systems has been a major effort amongst scientists and medical practitioners. Amongst the various disorder of the...Full Text Available

385

Collective trauma in northern Sri Lanka: a qualitative psychosocial-ecological study

BackgroundMeropenem is a carbapenem that has an excellent activity against many gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic, facultative, and anaerobic bacteria. The major objective...Full Text Available

386

Cognitive performance in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis: A longitudinal study in daily practice using a brief computerized cognitive battery

BackgroundComplex situations that follow war and natural disasters have a psychosocial impact on not only the individual but also on the family, community and society. Just as the...Full Text Available

387

Clinical value of SPECT/CT for evaluation of patients with painful knees after total knee arthroplasty- a new dimension of diagnostics?

BackgroundThere is need for a cognitive test battery that can be easily used in clinical practice to detect or monitor cognitive performance in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS)....Full Text Available

388

Clinical Significance of the Detection of Antinuclear Antibodies in Patients with Acute Hepatitis A

BackgroundThe purpose of our study was to evaluate the clinical value of hybrid SPECT/CT for the assessment of patients with painful total knee arthroplasty (TKA).MethodsTwenty-three...Full Text Available

389

Chronic pain in primary care. German figures from 1991 and 2006

Background/AimsThe findings of several recent studies suggest that antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) are frequently detected in patients with acute hepatitis A (AHA). However, the clinical...Full Text Available

2011-09-01

390

Chemoprevention of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer With Celecoxib: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

BackgroundUntil now only limited research has been done on the prevalence of chronic pain in primary care. The aim of this investigation was to study the health care utilisation...Full Text Available

391

Characteristics of chronic non-specific musculoskeletal pain in children and adolescents attending a rheumatology outpatients clinic: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundPreclinical studies indicate that the enzyme cyclooxygenase 2 plays an important role in ultraviolet-induced skin cancers. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of celecoxib,...Full Text Available

2010-12-15

392

Causes and 3-year-incidence of blindness in Jing-An District, Shanghai, China 2001-2009

BackgroundChronic non-specific musculoskeletal pain (CNSMSP) may develop in childhood and adolescence, leading to disability and reduced quality of life that continues into adulthood....Full Text Available

393

Canadian infants' nutrient intakes from complementary foods during the first year of life

BackgroundRegistered data can provide valuable information regarding blindness. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the main causes and 3-year incidence of registered blindness...Full Text Available

394

Brachytherapy of stage II mobile tongue carcinoma. Prediction of local control and QOL

BackgroundComplementary feeding is currently recommended after six months of age, when the nutrients in breast milk alone are no longer adequate to support growth. Few studies have...Full Text Available

395

Both common and specialty mushrooms inhibit adhesion molecule expression and in vitro binding of monocytes to human aortic endothelial cells in a pro-inflammatory environment

BackgroundThere is no consensus as to the prognostic model for brachytherapy of tongue carcinoma. This study was designed to evaluate the prognostic factors for local control based...Full Text Available

396

Bone mineral density of the proximal femur after hip resurfacing arthroplasty: 1-year follow-up study

BackgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of mortality in the United States as well as globally. Epidemiological studies show that regular fruit and vegetable consumption...Full Text Available

397

Biosystematics and Conservation: A Case Study with Two Enigmatic and Uncommon Species of Crassula from New Zealand

BackgroundHip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA) is considered a bone-preserving procedure and may eliminate proximal femoral stress shielding and osteolysis. However, in addition to...Full Text Available

398

Biomechanical strain analysis of the proximal femur following retrograde intramedullary nailing

Background and AimsCrassula hunua and C. ruamahanga have been taxonomically controversial. Here their distinctiveness is assessed so that their taxonomic and conservation...Full Text Available

2008-04-01

399

Bio-psychosocial determinants of cardiovascular disease in a rural population on Crete, Greece: formulating a hypothesis and designing the SPILI-III study

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to examine the influence of proximal retrograde intramedullary nail position on proximal femoral strain, since stress risers...Full Text Available

2010-08-12

400

Bereavement help-seeking following an 'expected' death: a cross-sectional randomised face-to-face population survey

BackgroundIn 1988, the SPILI project was established in order to evaluate the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk profile of the inhabitants of Spili, in rural Crete, Greece. The first...Full Text Available

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

401

Barriers encountered during enrollment in an internet-mediated randomized controlled trial

BackgroundThis study examines the prevalence and nature of bereavement help-seeking among the population who experienced an "expected" death in the five years before their survey...Full Text Available

402

Autonomic neuropathy in Fabry disease: a prospective study using the Autonomic Symptom Profile and cardiovascular autonomic function tests

BackgroundOnline technology is a promising resource for conducting clinical research. While the internet may improve a study's reach, as well as the efficiency of data collection,...Full Text Available

403

Automatic evaluation of body-related words among young women: an experimental study

BackgroundFabry patients have symptoms and signs compatible with autonomic dysfunction. These symptoms and signs are considered to be due to impairment of the peripheral nervous...Full Text Available

404

Association of B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Levels With Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate and Congestive Heart Failure

BackgroundPrevious research has demonstrated that exposure to images depicting the thin female ideal has negative effects on some females' levels of body dissatisfaction. Much of...Full Text Available

405

Association between intratumoral lymphatic microvessel density (LMVD) and clinicopathologic features in endometrial cancer: a retrospective cohort study

Background: The causes of elevated B-Type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels are multifactorial. Renal dysfunction has been shown to affect BNP levels in some studies and...Full Text Available

2010-03-01

406

Association between erectile dysfunction and cardiovascular risk in individuals with type-2 diabetes without overt cardiovascular disease

BackgroundLymph node metastasis in endometrial cancer significantly decreases survival rate. Few data on the influence of intratumoral lymphatic microvessel density (LMVD) on survival...Full Text Available

407

Assessment of the bone quality of black male athletes using calcaneal ultrasound: a cross-sectional study

Background:Erectile dysfunction in type-2 diabetes may be an independent marker for coronary artery disease. Present study was undertaken to investigate whether type-2 diabetic...Full Text Available

2009-10-01

408

Assessing spatio-temporal variability of risk surfaces using residential history data in a case control study of breast cancer

BackgroundLifestyle, genetics and environmental factors are established determinants of bone density. We aimed to describe the bone characteristics of competitive top-ranked Nigerian...Full Text Available

409

Antibodies against gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and destruction of enteric neurons in 3 patients suffering from gastrointestinal dysfunction

BackgroundMost analyses of spatial clustering of disease have been based on either residence at the time of diagnosis or current residence. An underlying assumption in these analyses...Full Text Available

410

Anti-ulcerogenic and in vitro antioxidant activities of Lagenaria breviflora (LB) whole fruit ethanolic extract in laboratory animals

BackgroundAntibodies against gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gastrointestinal dysmotility have been found after treatment with GnRH analogues. The aim of this study was...Full Text Available

411

Analysis of trigeminal nerve disorders after oral and maxillofacial intervention

Background:The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-ulcer and antioxidant activities of the ethanol extract of Lagenaria breviflora (EELB)...Full Text Available

2011-01-01

412

Analysis of fatal motor vehicle collisions: evidence from Central Macedonia, Greece

BackgroundQuantitative sensory testing (QST) is applied to evaluate somatosensory nerve fiber function in the spinal system. This study uses QST in patients with sensory dysfunctions...Full Text Available

413

An unusual presentation of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the minor salivary glands with cranial nerve palsy: a case study

Background: The objective of this study was to assess the factors associated with the traffic mortality in the region of Central Macedonia in order to produce evidence in building up preventive...Full Text Available

2011-01-01

414

An interdisciplinary intervention for older Taiwanese patients after surgery for hip fracture improves health-related quality of life

BackgroundAdenoid Cystic Carcinoma (ACC) is a rare tumor entity and comprises about 1% of all malignant tumor of the oral and maxillofacial region. It is slow growing but a highly...Full Text Available

415

An Investigation of Nurses' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Disinfection Procedures in Italy

BackgroundThe effects of intervention programs on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of patients with hip fracture have not been well studied. We hypothesized that older patients...Full Text Available

416

Altered myocardial substrate metabolism is associated with myocardial dysfunction in early diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats: studies using positron emission tomography

BackgroundThis study assessed the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practice regarding disinfection procedures among nurses in Italian hospitals.MethodsA...Full Text Available

417

Alterations in the steroid hormone receptor co-chaperone FKBPL are associated with male infertility: a case-control study

BackgroundIn vitro data suggest that changes in myocardial substrate metabolism may contribute to impaired myocardial function in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM)....Full Text Available

418

Adhesive capsulitis and dynamic splinting: a controlled, cohort study

BackgroundMale infertility is a common cause of reproductive failure in humans. In mice, targeted deletions of the genes coding for FKBP6 or FKBP52, members of the FK506 binding...Full Text Available

419

A semi-qualitative study of attitudes to vaccinating adolescents against human papillomavirus without parental consent

BackgroundAdhesive Capsulitis (AC) affects patient of all ages, and stretching protocols are commonly prescribed for this condition. Dynamic splinting has been shown effective in...Full Text Available

420

A randomized controlled trial investigation of a non-stimulant in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ACTION): Rationale and design

BackgroundThe first vaccine to prevent human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer has been licensed, and in future, vaccination may be routinely offered to 10–14 year...Full Text Available

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

421

A proteomic study of cMyc improvement of CHO culture

BackgroundThe ACTION study (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Controlled Trial Investigation Of a Non-stimulant) is a multi-center, double-blind, randomized...Full Text Available

422

A novel school-based intervention to improve nutrition knowledge in children: cluster randomised controlled trial

BackgroundThe biopharmaceutical industry requires cell lines to have an optimal proliferation rate and a high integral viable cell number resulting in a maximum volumetric recombinant...Full Text Available

423

A new resorbable device for ligation of blood vessels - A pilot study

BackgroundImproving nutrition knowledge among children may help them to make healthier food choices. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness and acceptability of a...Full Text Available

424

A new method for 2D gel spot alignment: application to the analysis of large sample sets in clinical proteomics

BackgroundDuring surgery, controlled haemostasis to prevent blood loss is vital for a successful outcome. It can be difficult to ligate vessels located deep in the abdomen. A device...Full Text Available

425

A genome-wide study of PDZ-domain interactions in C. elegans reveals a high frequency of non-canonical binding

BackgroundIn current comparative proteomics studies, the large number of images generated by 2D gels is currently compared using spot matching algorithms. Unfortunately, differences...Full Text Available

426

A decision-analytic approach to define poor prognosis patients: a case study for non-seminomatous germ cell cancer patients

BackgroundProteins may evolve through the recruitment and modification of discrete domains, and in many cases, protein action can be dissected at the domain level. PDZ domains are...Full Text Available

427

A cross-sectional study of Tritrichomonas foetus infection among healthy cats at shows in Norway

BackgroundClassification systems may be useful to direct more aggressive treatment to cancer patients with a relatively poor prognosis. The definition of 'poor prognosis' often lacks...Full Text Available

428

A comparative study of sexual dysfunction involving risperidone, quetiapine, and olanzapine

BackgroundIn recent years, the protozoan Tritrichomonas foetus has been recognised as an important cause of chronic large-bowel diarrhoea in purebred cats in many...Full Text Available

429

A classification-based framework for predicting and analyzing gene regulatory response

Background:With the advent of newer antipsychotic drugs, side effects such as sexual dysfunction have been a major contributor toward treatment compliance. There are only...Full Text Available

2009-10-01

430

A Multi-Worksite Analysis of the Relationships among Body Mass Index, Medical Utilization and Worker Productivity

BackgroundWe have recently introduced a predictive framework for studying gene transcriptional regulation in simpler organisms using a novel supervised learning algorithm called...Full Text Available

431

A Longitudinal Study of Medicaid Coverage for Tobacco Dependence Treatments in Massachusetts and Associated Decreases in Hospitalizations for Cardiovascular Disease

BackgroundThe relationships between worker health and productivity are becoming clearer. However, few large scale studies have measured the direct and indirect cost...Full Text Available

2010-01-01

432

A Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Crossover Study of the Acute Metabolic Effects of Olanzapine in Healthy Volunteers

BackgroundInsurance coverage of tobacco cessation medications increases their use and reduces smoking prevalence in a population. However, uncertainty about the impact of this coverage...Full Text Available

2010-12-01

433

A Comparison of intra-oral digital imaging modalities: Charged Couple Device versus Storage Phosphor Plate

Background and RationaleAtypical antipsychotics exhibit metabolic side effects including diabetes mellitus and obesity. The adverse events are preceded by acute worsening of oral...Full Text Available

434

Magnetic braking of collapsing interstellar clouds

BackgroundThis in vitro study was conducted to compare the accuracy of two digital image receptors in identifying the location of tip of a fine endodontic file and radiographic apex...Full Text Available

2010-11-01

435

C-14 release and transport from a nuclear waste repository in an unsaturated medium

The purpose of this investigation is to show that resource to anisotropic compression along a magnetic field is not a necessary condition for star formation within large collapsing interstellar gas clouds. Although such a scenario would certainly eliminate the magnetic field and angular momentum problems associated with isotropically collapsing clouds, it is believed there is sufficient observational theoretical evidence to warrant the present study of magnetically braked, isotropically collapsing gas clouds. It is not attempted to disprove the hypothesis of anisotropic compression, but to offer instead, a reasonable alternative. Angular momentum transfer from magnetically braked, cool interstellar gas clouds of 10"2, 10"3 and 10"4 times the mass of the sun is examined. Magnetic torques acting on a contracting, rotating cloud, permeated by a frozen-in magnetic field coupling the cloud to the galactic field of the surrounding interstellar medium, produce kinks in ...

436

Radiation thermocatalytic processes of hydrogen production from water

The release of {sup 14}C as {sup 14}CO{sub 2} from partly failed spent fuel containers has been analyzed by the flow of gases into and out of the containers. This flow of gases is driven by pressure differences, which are in turn caused by heating by the spent fuel. In this analysis, the timing and size of holes in the containers are assumed to be given. A better means of predicting the time distribution and sizes of penetrations in nuclear waste containers is needed. For the purposes of far-field transport calculations, we have adopted release rates that are shown to be bonding for the large range of hole sizes studied. The transport of released {sup 14}CO{sub 2} has been analyzed by transport in equivalent porous medium. The peak {sup 14}CO{sub 2} concentration in pore gas at 350 m above the repository does not depend on the time of hole occurrence, although the time of penetration obviously affects the arrival and duration of exposure to {sup 14}C. Nor does ...

1990-06-01

437

A study on the real-time radiation dosimetry measurement system based on optically stimulated luminescence

The results of studies of radiation-thermocatalytic water decomposition in the 673-773 K temperature range in the presence of BeO and titanium Y-type zeolite are presented. It is found that radiation-thermocatalytic processes of hydrogen production from water are characterized by a lower activation energy (55.4 kJ/mole) as compared with thermocatalytic processes (88.4 kJ/mole). The radiation-thermocatalytic process rate in the presence of oxide systems is not an additive sum of rates of radiation-catalytic (at 296-300 K) and thermocatalytic processes of water decomposition. On the basis of obtained results the conclusion is made that during radiation-catalytic decomposition of water in a heterogeneous system BeO + H_2O the main contribution into this process is made by excitons, radiation-chemical yields of excitons and non-equilibrium ...

438

Thulium-doped vanadate crystals: Growth, spectroscopy and laser performance

The optically stimulated luminescent (OSL) radiation dosimeter technically surveys a wide dynamic measurement range and a high sensitivity. Optical fiber dosimeters provide capability for remote monitoring of the radiation in the locations which are difficult-to-access and hazardous. In addition, optical fiber dosimeters are immune to electrical and radio-frequency interference. In this paper, a novel remote optical fiber radiation dosimeter is described. The optical fiber dosimeter takes advantage of the charge trapping materials CaS:Ce, Sm that exhibit OSL. The measuring range of the dosimeter is from 0.1 to 100 Gy. The equipment is relatively simple and small in size, and has low power consumption. This device is suitable for measuring the space radiation dose and also can be used in high radiation dose condition and other dangerous radiation occasions. ...

2008-05-01

439

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This work is concentrated on growth, spectroscopy and laser performance of thulium-doped vanadate crystals. At the beginning the growth techniques are analyzed and then the matrix of vanadates crystal, its structure and physicochemical properties are explained together with the rare earth activators influence. Detailed spectroscopy of the thulium-doped vanadate crystals then follows. On the background of this theoretical analysis and state of the art of the subject the description of thulium vanadate lasers (especially Tm:YVO"4, Tm:GdVO"4, and Tm:LuVO"4) together with their generated output radiation characteristics are presented.

2011-01-01

440

Nuclear borehole logging using lithium detector assemblies

A method and apparatus for nuclear borehole logging, and in particular, neutron porosity logging, uses a neutron source, and a pair of spaced lithium detectors, preferably Li"6I crystal or Li"6 doped glass, to detect neutrons emitted from a borehole formation being logged. The spectrum developed by the lithium detectors is processed to remove the gamma ray background radiation and the hydrogen absorption peak, thus allowing a more accurate neutron count. A Gaussian curve is fitted to the neutron peak of the spectrum, the curve eliminating the hydrogen absorption peak. The area under this Gaussian curve represents the neutron count. (author).

1991-11-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

441

Controlling the atom

Supervision monitoring for radiation environment around Daya Bay and Lingao nuclear power stations

The authors trace the early history of nuclear power regulation in the US. Focusing on the Atomic Energy Commission, they describe the role of other groups that figured in the development of regulatory policies, including the Congressional Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, other federal agencies, state governments, the nuclear industry, and scientific organizations. They consider changes in public perceptions of and attitudes toward atomic energy and the dangers of radiation exposure. The basic purpose of the book is to provide the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the general public with information on the historical antecedents and background of regulatory issues so that there will be continuity in policy decisions. The book concludes with an annotated bibliography of selected references. 19 figures.

1984-01-01

442

Short-term inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation by clopidogrel ameliorates radiation-induced toxicity in rat small intestine.

This paper systematically introduces the supervision monitoring for radiation environment around the Guangdong Daya Bay and Ling Ao nuclear power station by the Guangdong Environmental Radiation Research and Monitoring Center. It includes the monitoring plan, methods, quality assurance, main results and conclusions. The results show that: (1) The gas discharge have not caused any detectable impacts to the terrestrial and atmospheric environment since their operation; (2) "1"1"0"mAg could only be detected in seawater in the West Daya Bay in 1995 and 1997 and in sediments in 1997. The maximum annual average in seawater was 3.1 Bq/m"3, annual average of "1"1"0"mAg in sediments was 1.0 Bq/kg(dry). But it was always detectable in pearl oyster, gulfweed and cuttlefish in the West Daya Bay. The "1"1"0"mAg concentrations in halobios were relatively higher in 1994, 1996 and 1997. The maximum concentrations in pearl oyster, gulfweed and cuttlefish were ...

2004-05-01

443

The wavelength dependence of ultraviolet enhanced reactivation in a mammalian cell-virus system

Endothelial dysfunction and increased platelet aggregation may be involved in the pathogenesis of normal tissue radiation toxicity. This study assessed clopidogrel, an inhibitor of ADP-induced platelet aggregation, as a modulator of intestinal radiation injury (radiation enteropathy). Rat small intestine was exposed to 21 Gy X-radiation. Clopidogrel (20 mg/kg/day) or vehicle was administered from 2 days before to 10 days after irradiation. Structural radiation injury, neutrophil infiltration, smooth muscle cell proliferation, collagen content, and TGF-beta1 expression were assessed 2 weeks (early phase) and 26 weeks (delayed phase) after irradiation, using quantitative histology and immunohistochemistry, morphometry, and real-time fluorogenic probe RT-PCR. Irradiated intestine exhibited significant histopathologic injury, reduced mucosal surface area, vascular ...

2002-01-01

444

Study of somatic radiation effects in environment

The effect of UV radiation in the wavelength region 230 nm to 302 nm on the ability of an irradiated mammalian cell to reactivate UV-irradiated mammalian virus was tested. An action spectrum for radiation enhanced reactivation (RER) is presented. The shape of the action spectrum points to a combined nucleic acid-protein target for UV radiation effects on this cellular parameter. An analysis of the results of others involving the biochemical and photobiological events involved in RER does not allow us to distinguish which macromolecule is the major contributor to this effect. Studies involving an analogous phenomenon in bacteris (Weigle reactivation) imply that RER and WR amy involve similar mechanisms. (author).

445

Interference phenomena at the elastic collision of atoms with formation of the Feshbach resonance in the presence of laser radiation field

A survey is presented of the consequences of the irradiation of the population with ionizing radiation. There is an increased incidence of leukemia in irradiated population groups. Among the inhabitants of Hiroshima and Nagasaki maximum death of leukemia was observed in the years 1951 to 1952. The results are summed up of the observation of carcinoma of the breast, lungs and bronchi, bones, and carcinoma of the thyroid. The effect of radiation on experimental animals is described. It was found that the scatter of the dependence of the incidence of various types of cancer on the dose equivalent apparently reflects differences in the biological mechanism of this incidence and that a proportional relationship cannot be expected between the primary damage of cells during irradiation and the actual manifestation of the disease. (E.S.).

446

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Resonant scattering of atoms with formation of the Feshbach resonance in the presence of a laser radiation coupling the levels of two bound atoms (a molecule) is considered. The laser field leads to a second resonance in scattering and broadening of resonances, which facilitates the possibility of experimental observation of asymmetry of the total scattering cross-section arising because of interference between resonant and potential scatterings. The effects associated with interference of the two channels of decay of a bound system of two atoms (a molecule) in the laser field are studied. An expression is obtained for the scattering length in collision of two cold atoms in the field of laser radiation.

2011-01-01

447

Inactivation of aflatoxin B1 by using the synergistic effect of hydrogen peroxide and gamma radiation

Evaluation of efficacy of radiation-sterilized females for population suppression of Earias vittella (Fabricius)

Inactivation of aflatoxin B1 was studied by using gamma radiation and hydrogen peroxide. A 100-krad dose of gamma radiation was sufficient to inactivate 50 micrograms of aflatoxin B1 in the presence of 5% hydrogen peroxide, and 400 krad was required for total degradation of 100 micrograms of aflatoxin in the same system. Degradation of aflatoxin B1 was confirmed by high-pressure liquid chromatographic and thin-layer chromatographic analysis. Ames microsomal mutagenicity test showed loss of aflatoxin activity. This method of detoxification also reduces the toxin levels effectively in artificially contaminated groundnuts.

1989-02-01

448

Effect of substrate on the results of measuring coating thickness according to radiation scattered by substrate

Feasibility of using sterile females for population suppression of Earias vittella (Fabricius) was evaluated by conducting studies on mating competitiveness of radiation sterilized females, both in individual pairs and in simulated large population conditions. Results showed that sterility induced by using a 10:1:1 ratio (sterile female: normal female: normal male) in single pair experiments and also in simulated large population conditions was more than 99.0 per cent. Release of radiation- sterilized females of E. vittella in natural populations has thus an excellent potential for population suppression. (author)

449

ESR spectra of radicals of gamma-irradiated wood and cellulose

The effect of a substrate on the results of measuring tantalum coating thickness in two-layer compositions according to gamma radiation scattered by the substrate is studied. It is shown that by means of an albedo-radiometer realizing the physical model absorber-scatterer one can determine the thickness (application uniformity) of tantalum coatings up to 150-300 #mu#m depending on the substrate material (plexiglas, aluminium, iron, copper). In case of testing coatings on substrates of alloys and high-alloy steels in order to ensure high accuracy of measrurement it is expedient with the above albedo-radiometer to determine the value of the backscattered radiation flux for the substrate before coating application.

450

Fluctuation properties of strength function phenomena: A model study

Spectra of e.p.r. radicals in cellulose and timber gamma-irradiated at 77 and 300 K have been measured. Radiation yields and the kinetics of radicals accumulation have been studied. The effect of ionizing radiation on cellulose is the appearance of radicals resulting from rupture of C-H bonds in positions 1 and 4. Timber, additionally, forms ''lignin'' radicals. A mechanism of cellulose and timber radiolysis is suggested. ''Lignin''-type compounds present in timber protect polysaccharides from radiation-induced destruction.

451

Development of a computerized portal verification scheme for pelvic treatment fields

We study fluctuation properties of strength function phenomena by employing a quantum mechanical model where a single parent state couples with a large number of background states. The background system is devised in such a way that the classical dynamics of the system may show a regular, an irregular, or a chaotic character as a function of a single parameter. The coupling of the parent state to the background states produces a fragmentation of the parent state, giving rise to a strength function phenomenon. We study various measures of the strength function that characterize its bulk structure or fluctuation properties. They include energy moments, strength distribution, fractal dimensions of the strength function, and Fourier transform of the autocorrelation function. Some of these measures, such as strength distribution or Fourier transform of the autocorrelation function, ...

1997-07-01

452

Study of the physical and mechanical changes in packaging materials used in radiation processing - measuring methods of physical and mechanical properties

Purpose/Objective: At present, treatment verification between portal and reference images is performed based on manually-identified features by radiation oncologist, which is both time-consuming and potentially error-prone. There is a demand for the computerized verification procedure in clinical application. The purpose of this study is to develop a computerized portal verification scheme for pelvic treatment fields. Materials/Methods: The automated verification system involves image acquisition, image feature extraction, feature matching between reference and portal images and quantitative evaluation of patient setup. Electronic portal images with a matrix size of 256 x 256 and 12 bit gray levels were acquired using a liquid matrix electronic portal imaging device. Simulation images were acquired by digitizing simulation films using a TV camera into images with 256 x 256 matrix and 8 bit gray levels. Initially a Canny edge detector is applied ...

1996-09-01

453

COMPARISON OF NATURAL BACKGROUND DOSE RATES FOR RESIDENTS OF THE AMARGOSA VALLEY, NV, TO THOSE IN LEADVILLE, CO, AND THE STATES OF COLORADO AND NEVADA

The behaviour of the packaging materials under radiation field has a great importance in radiation processing, because, in most cases, they are finally responsible for the preservation of the beneficent changes achieved in irradiated products. For example, in radiation sterilisation and food irradiation, the packages must preserve the sterilisation, respectively the sanitisation. They must preserve also the physical barrier feature. The radiation effects on plastics were extensively studied in the last decades for nuclear industry and more recently for radiation processing. The two major effects of nuclear radiation on polymeric materials are the degradation and cross-linking. The degradation consists in breaking of macromolecules after interaction with nuclear particles, amplified by the free radicals which persist long periods, especially ...

454

Study of radiation chemistry in solids using solid hydrogen

In the latter half of 2005, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) published a Proposed Rule (40 CFR Part 197) for establishing a dose rate standard for limiting radionuclide releases from the proposed Yucca Mountain high-level radioactive waste repository during the time period from 10{sup 4} to 10{sup 6} years after closure. The proposed standard was based on the difference in the estimated total dose rate from natural background in the Amargosa Valley and the ''average annual background radiation'' for the State of Colorado. As defined by the USEPA, ''natural background radiation consists of external exposures from cosmic and terrestrial sources, and internal exposures from indoor exposures to naturally-occurring radon''. On the basis of its assessments, the USEPA estimated that the difference in ...

2006-02-24

455

Health effects[1997 Scientific Report of the Belgian Nuclear Research Centre

Having simple and highly symmetric structure, solid hydrogen is a useful matrix on the study of radiation-chemical processes in solid phase which have been less understood in previous studies. We have found three outstanding findings: resonance effects on the tunneling reaction H+H{sub 2} {yields} H{sub 2} + H, effects of pressure on the dissociation and recombination of H{sub 2} molecules in solid hydrogen, and high-resolution ESR spectroscopy using a solid parahydrogen matrix. (author)

2002-03-01

456

Second harmonic generation of copper-vapor pulsed laser radiation

The objectives of the research in the field of epidemiology , performed at the Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK-CEN are (1) to study cancer mortality and morbidity in nuclear workers in Belgium; (2) to document the feasibility of retrospective cohort studies in Belgium; (3) to participate in the IARC study. For radiobiology, the main objectives are: (1) to elucidate the mechanisms of the effects of ionizing radiation on the mammalian embryo during the early phase of its development, (2) to assess the genetic risks of maternal exposure to ionizing radiation, (3) to elucidate the mechanisms by which damage to the brain and mental retardation are caused in man after prenatal irradiation. The main achievements in these domains for 1997 are presented.

1998-07-01

457

Radiation treatment of some poultry products

An experimental study of second harmonic generation in a copper-vapor pulsed laser with an ADP crystal is presented. The ratio of the conversion into the second harmonic is found to depend on the average power of the exciting radiation. The maximum conversion ratio was 8.5%. Thermal self-defocusing is the main obstacle to obtaining high average powers at the double frequency.

1980-08-01

458

PIXE analysis of trace elements in relation to chlorophyll concentration in Plantago ovata Forsk

Practical procedures were developed for large-scale microbial decontamination of dry egg powder and gelatine with gamma radiation ("6"0Co). The formation and lifes of free organic radicals in these materials were examined by ESR measurements of powder samples. The concentration of these radicals was studied in dependence on the time of storage. Secondary oxidation of egg fats by air oxygen was investigated. Sensoric tests of irradiated gelatine, both in powder and hydrogel form, were performed. (author). 4 figs., 2 tabs., 2 refs.

1988-09-26

459

Investigation of Moessbauer radiation diffraction on Fe/sub 3/BO/sub 6/ monocrystal. Nuclear transition interference

Plantago ovata Forsk - an economically important medicinal plant - was analyzed for trace elements and chlorophyll in a study of the effects of gamma radiation on physiological responses of the seedlings. Proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) technique was used to quantify trace elements in unirradiated and gamma-irradiated plants at the seedling stage. The experiments revealed radiation-induced changes in the trace element and chlorophyll concentrations.

2010-03-15

460

Evaluation of radiation induced sesame mutants as affected by some micro nutrients

Energy spectra of the Bragg reflection of the Moessbauer ..gamma..-radiation from the /sup 57/Fe/sub 3/BO/sub 6/ weakly ferromagnetic monocrystal are studied. A strong effect of the interference transitions in iron nuclei, being in non-equivalent positions, on the spectra form is revealed. The measurement results are compared with theoretical calculations.

1984-05-25

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

461

Collisional-radiative model for highly stripped ions

Tow experiments were carried out in 1981 and 1982 growth seasons at the greenhouse of the department of agriculture for soils and water researches, atomic energy authority, at inshas, to investigate the responses of two mutation derived lines of sesame and the local cultivar giza 25 to the application of micro nutrients. The possible effect of radiation on germination and growth of sesame seed was also studied in a separate experiment conducted in 1985 season, at inshas.

462

A study of neutron room scattering at RPCF

Collisional-Radiative numerical models are commonly used to design or interpret experiments in atomic physics of laser-created plasmas, including X-ray laser studies. We describe our new code containing several options: average ion, more or less detailed configurations. It consists of an atomic data base coupled to subroutines evaluating ionic populations and emission and absorption coefficients. Numerical results are given to illustrate the capabilities of the code and to compare different models and types of approximation.

1986-10-01

463

A study of neutron room scattering at RPCF

High energy physics facilities must monitor the radiation doses received by their personnel. This monitoring can only be effective if the radiation detection devices can be calibrated with a good degree of accuracy. Radiation fields are usually composed of several types of radiation, including gamma rays, beta radiation, neutrons, etc. The neutron detection instruments respond not only to the neutrons coming directly from the source but also those scattered from the floor, walls, and ceiling. The amount of neutron scattering varies from site to site depending on the construction materials and layout of the building. The purpose of this study was to determine the scattered neutron fraction in the central volume of the calibration mezzanine of the Radiation Physics Calibration Facility (RPCF) at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory ...

1997-01-05

464

TWENTE Study: The Real-World Endeavor Resolute Versus Xience V Drug-Eluting Stent Study in Twente: study design, rationale and objectives

High energy physics facilities must monitor the radiation doses received by their personnel. This monitoring can only be effective if the radiation detection devices can be calibrated with a good degree of accuracy. Radiation fields are usually composed of several types of radiation, including gamma rays, beta radiation, neutrons, etc. The neutron detection instruments respond not only to the neutrons coming directly from the source but also those scattered from the floor, walls, and ceiling. The amount of neutron scattering varies from site to site depending on the construction materials and layout of the building. The purpose of this study was to determine the scattered neutron fraction in the central volume of the calibration mezzanine of the Radiation Physics Calibration Facility (RPCF) at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory ...

1996-09-01

465

Spontaneous radiation from relativistic electrons in a taper undulator. Technical report

Background. New-generation drug-eluting stents (DES) may solve several problems encountered with first-generation DES, but there is a lack of prospective head-to-head comparisons between...Full Text Available

2010-08-01

466

Radiation: how safe is safe?

The spectrum, angular distribution, polarization and coherence properties of the radiation emitted by relativistic electrons undulating through a quasiperiodic tapered magnetic field are studied. Tapering the wavelength and/or field strength along the undulator's axis has the effect of spreading the spectral line to higher frequencies; interference over this broader spectral range results in a more complex line shape. The angular dependence, on the other hand, is not affected by the amount of taper. The polarization of the radiation in the forward direction is determined by the transverse polarization of the undulator, but the polarization changes off axis. The radiation patterns predicted here are distinct from those of untapered undulators, and their detection is now feasible. They will provide useful diagnostics of electron trajectories and threshold behavior in free-electron-laser ...

1983-06-01

467

Radiation: how safe is safe

Recent research findings of epidemiologist Alice Stewart suggest that nuclear workers may be at risk of contracting cancer even though their measured occupational doses fall within current safety standards. It is argued that these standards are inappropriate as they are based on extrapolations of studies on survivors of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki explosions. These individuals received single doses of radiation, whereas today's nuclear industry personnel are exposed to low-level ionizing radiation over the length of their working lives. Stewart's team linked low dose occupational exposure to ionizing radiation with an increased risk of cancer in respiratory, digestive and blood-forming tissues. The nuclear industry and United States government agencies hotly contest these assertion with their potentially damaging political and economic consequences. (UK).

1993-05-01

468

New Radiation Stable and Long-Lived Plastic Scintillators

Recent research findings of epidemiologist Alice Stewart suggest that nuclear workers may be at risk of contracting cancer even though their measured occupational doses fall within current safety standards. It is argued that these standards are inappropriate as they are based on extrapolations of studies on survivors of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki explosions. These individuals received single doses of radiation, whereas today's nuclear industry personnel are exposed to low-level ionizing radiation over the length of their working lives. Stewart's team linked low dose occupational exposure to ionizing radiation with an increased risk of cancer in respiratory, digestive and blood-forming tissues. The nuclear industry and United States government agencies hotly contest these assertion with their potentially damaging political and economic consequences. (UK).

1993-05-15

469

Effect of decrease of molybdenum radiation hardening at high energy proton irradiation

A study of the influence of the concentration of secondary addition, high concentrations of primary dopant, diffusion enhancer and stabilizer on radiation hardness is presented. It is concluded that the diffusion enhancing technique is the most powerful method for improving radiation hardness. A new polystyrene scintillator which contains 2% pT, 0.02% POPOP, 20% diffusion enhancer and 0.02% stabilizer gave 91% of initial light output immediately after 3 Mrad irradiation in air. Data are presented that show that scintillator prepared from commercial polymer is more radiation-hard and has greater light output than scintillator prepared from monomer. It is assumed that this difference is due to different molecular weight distributions. Some protocols for acceleration of aging (yellowing and crazing) are presented. It is shown that one of the main reasons for aging of plastic scintillators is residual ...

1993-11-15

470

Dynamics of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and estimates in coastal northern California

By method of transmission electron microscopy and measuring of microhardness the peculiarities of influence of radiation defect clusters on molybdenum radiation hardening along range path of protons with 30 MeV initial energy are studied. Decrease effect of hardening growth value and even its absence depending on irradiation dose in the range of 10-20 MeV proton energies in presence of high density of radiation defect dispersed clusters is revealed. It is shown experimentally that this effect is connected with accumulation of hydrogen up to not very high concentrations (not more than 5x10"-"4 at.%) at the expense of elastic and inelastic proton scattering. 5 refs.; 5 figs.

1990-05-22

471

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Plants require solar radiation for photosynthesis and their growth is directly related to the amount received, assuming that other environmental parameters are not limiting. Therefore, precise estimation of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is necessary to enhance overall accuracies of plant growth models. This study aimed to explore the PAR radiant flux in the San Francisco Bay Area of northern California. During the growing season (March through August) for 2?years 2007?2008, the on-site magnitudes of photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) were investigated and then processed at both the hourly and daily time scales. Combined with global solar radiation (R S) and simulated extraterrestrial solar radiation, five PAR-related values were developed, i.e., flux density-based PAR ...

2011-01-01

472

Radiation treatment of medical devices and packaging materials. Pt. 1

The first part of the study contains a literature compilation of more than 50 original publications reporting the radiation induced effects in 17 different high polymer materials and glass which are relevant in the manufacturing of medical devices or packing materials. The results collected demonstrate that high energy radiation, i.e. gamma- or X-rays, causes various physical and chemical alterations in high polymer materials. A detailed summary and discussion of the results of the original publications is not included in the present report, it will be presented in the second part of the study. Furthermore, the second part of the study will refer to the aspect of wholesomeness of irradiated medical devices or packing materials in a more general manner of representation. (orig.).

473

Health effects

Application of radiation in Bangladesh

The main objectives of research in the field of health effects at the Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK-CEN are: (1) to study cancer mortality and morbidity in nuclear workers in Belgium; (2) to document the feasibility of retrospective cohort studies in Belgium; (3) to participate in the IARC study; (4) to elucidate the mechanisms of the effects of ionizing radiation on the mammalian embryo during the early phases of its development; (5) to assess the genetic risks of material exposure to ionizing radiation; (6) to elucidate the cellular mechanisms leading to brain damage after prenatal irradiation; (7) to advise authorities and to provide the general population with adequate information concerning the health risk arising from radiation exposure. Progress and major achievements in these topical areas for 1997 are reported.

474

Strikingly different penetrance of LHON in two Chinese families with primary mutation G11778A is independent of mtDNA haplogroup background and secondary mutation G13708A

Radiation technology offers a very wide scope for utilisation and commercial exploitation in various field. All over the world, this technology is being favourably considered for different applications like radiation sterilisation of medical products, preservation of food by controlling the physiological processes for extending shelf-life and eradication of microbial and insect pests, radiation processing of polymeric materials and treatment of sewage sludge. Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission has taken radiation processing programmes in a big way right from its inception. This paper describes the studies carried out by various research groups in Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission mainly using Cobalt-60 gamma radiation. The investigation covers medical sterilisation, food preservation and development and modification of polymeric materials by gamma ...

2001-03-01

475

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The penetrance of Lebers hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) in families with primary mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations is very complex. Matrilineal and nuclear genetic background, as well as environmental factors, have been reported to be involved in different affected pedigrees. Here we describe two large Chinese families that show a striking difference in the penetrance of LHON, in which 53.3% and 15.0% of members were affected (Pin vivo mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as described in a previous study. Evolutionary analysis failed to indicate any putatively pathogenic mutation that cosegregated with G11778A in these two pedigrees. Our results suggest that the variable penetrance of LHON in the two Chinese families is independent of both their mtDNA haplotype background and a seconda...

2008-01-01

476

Organisms posses enzymes that function in the repair of DNA damaged by radiations, chemicals and metabolic events

Manufacture of wood/plastic composites by radiation

This report briefly describes the studies on the mechanism of in vivo DNA repairing by the author in Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto Univ. for the past 30 years. First, the ability of UV radiation to induce transformation was investigated with viral DNA. The formation of thymine-thymine dimer was found harmful to organisms and such dimers were removable by UV-radiation at a low frequency. The mutability was determined in three different E.coli strains with mutator gene, mutT, mutS or mutL. The ability to excise 8-oxoguanin developed in primer DNA was deficient in mutT and miss-pairing left after DNA replication could not be recovered in mutL and mutS strains. Further, DNA repairing mechanism was investigated in other microorganisms; single-strand cleavage caused by exposure to BNCB radiation (boron-neutron-captured beam) could not be repaired in E. coli. Whereas for Deinococcus radiodurans, of which ...

1998-01-01

477

Final report of the specific research. Investigations on the analysis of bio-protective factors against radiation. 1998-2000 FY (Research Group of NIRS)

The manufacture and use of wood/plastic composite (WPC) as an example of wood matrix and wood sawdust/plastic composites (SDP) as an example of plastic matrix are reviewed. The raw material for WPC are mostly vinyl monomers, particularly methyl methacrylate and styrene. The reaction in WPC polymerization is radical polymerization. Researches on the radiation sources mostly resulted in gamma-ray. Electron beam can be applied only to thin products. The future use of WPC may be for furnitures, sporting goods, decorative parts and the like. Vital study on the reduction of manufacturing costs is required, for example, the improvement of reaction and the adoption of continuous process must be considered. The raw materials for SDP are wood sawdust, vinyl monomer (mostly methyl methacrylate) and resins. Electron beam accelerators are the most preferable radiation source because of its high efficiency and safe operation. SDP shows ...

1976-01-01

478

Assessment of the impact of the greenhouse gas emission and sink scenarios in Finland on radiative forcing and greenhouse effect

This report concerns investigations in the title conducted by 8 groups of National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS) during the period of 1998-2000. The groups are for investigation of: Effects of p53 tumor suppressor gene in radiation-induced leukemia, Role of atm-gene in dose rate effect of ionizing radiation, Function of DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PK{sub cs}), Functional complementation of radiation-sensitive mutant M10 cell line by human XRCC4 cDNA expression, Role of radiation-induced apoptosis in digital defects in embryonic mice, Functional analysis of S-phase specific novel nuclear protein NP95 by gene targeting, Role of chemokine in T cell development and lymphomagenesis, and establishment of production techniques of gene-modified mice using embryonic stem cells for genetic analysis of radiation-sensitive genes. The groups describe summaries ...

2002-03-01

479

Striped instability of a holographic Fermi-like liquid

The objective of this work is to study greenhouse gas emissions and sinks and their greenhouse impact as a function of time. The greenhouse impact is expressed in terms of global average radiative forcing, which measures the perturbation in the Earth`s radiation budget. Radiative forcing is calculated on the basis of the concentration changes of the greenhouse gases and the radiation absorption properties of the gases. It takes into account the relatively slow changes in the concentrations due to natural removal and transformation processes and also allows a comparison of the impact of various greenhouse gases and their possible control options as a function of time. In addition to the applications mentioned above, the anthropogenic greenhouse gas emission histories of Nordic countries have been estimated, and the radiative forcing caused by them has been ...

1996-12-31

480

Non-commutative space and Chan-Paton algebra in open string field algebra

We consider a holographic description of a system of strongly-coupled fermions in 2+1 dimensions based on a D7-brane probe in the background of D3-branes. The black hole embedding represents a Fermi-like liquid. We study the excitations of the Fermi liquid system. Above a critical density which depends on the temperature, the system becomes unstable towards an inhomogeneous modulated phase which is similar to a charge density and spin wave state. The essence of this instability can be effectively described by a Maxwell-axion theory with a background electric field. We also consider the fate of zero sound at non-zero temperature.

2011-01-01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

481

Some comments on BEIR III

There are several equivalent descriptions for constant B-field background of open string. The background can be interpreted as constant B-field as well as constant gauge field strength or infinitely many D-branes with non-commuting Chan-Paton matrices. In this article, the equivalence of these open string theories is studied in Witten's cubic open string field theory. Through the map between these equivalent descriptions, both algebra of non-commutative coordinates as well as Chan-Paton matrix algebra are identified with subalgebras of open string field algebra. (author)

2002-09-23

482

Radiation technology of wood-plastic composite materials

... organizations irradiation radiation doses radiation effects RADIATIONS.

1982-01-01

483

Radiation chloration sulfochloration and sulfooxidation of organic compounds

... radiation effects RADIATIONS. WOOD-PLASTIC COMPOSITES.

1981-10-02

484

Radiation exposure to anesthesiologist and nurse in the orthopedic room

... halogenation ionizing radiations kinetics radiations reaction kinetics

485

Exploring the mechanism of radiation-enhanced hepatocellular carcinoma cell invasion by swept source optical coherence tomography

We report the radiation exposure dose received by the anesthesiologist and nurse in the orthopaedic operating room, when a fluoroscopic image intensifier is in use. This study was done in 12 femoral neck fracture operations performed from January to May 1995. Radiation was monitored with the MYDOSE MINIX PDM 107 made by Aloka Co. which were attached in front and behind the nurse's lead apron, in front of the lead apron of the anesthesiologist. The average imaging time was 9.78 min. The average radiation dose in front of the anesthesiologist is lead apron was 2.08#mu#SV, and in front and behind the nurse's lead apron were 5.67#mu#SV, 0.08#mu#SV respectively. This study and review of the literature indicate that the operating room anesthesiologist and nurse receive a lower exposure than the orthopaedist. We can disregard the problem of radiation exposure to the ...

486

Effect of gamma radiation on the survival of fungal and actinomycetal florae contaminating medicinal plants

Ionizing radiation is a standard treatment for various human solid tumors. However, several clinical studies showed that a significant proportion of patients undergoing radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develop intrahepatic and extrahepatic metastasis. Understanding of radiation-induced cancer cell invasiveness and behavior is essential and of great important for developing suitable treatment strategies to contain cancer spread. Therefore, in this study we evaluated the effectiveness of using swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) to monitor the enhancement of HCC cell invasiveness by radiation. SS-OCT images were acquired and recorded to obtain three-dimensional data sets per four hours in 48 hours after irradiating HepG2 cells with 7.5 Gy. The cell migration behavior in three-dimensional tissue models was quantified from images of ...

2011-02-01

487

Analysis of dose rate build-up in Tarapur Atomic Power Station unit-4

This study evaluates the effect of gamma radiation on the viability of fungi and actinomycetes that contaminate medicinal plants. The relationship between the total lipids of some fungi and actinomycetes and their sensitivity to gamma radiation is also investigated. The data reveal that the viable counts of these florae decrease approximately exponentially with the radiation dose, the effective dose for the elimination of these microorganisms being about 5 kGy for all the medicinal plants under study. Response of pure cultures of fungi and actinomycetes isolated from medicinal plants to increasing absorbed doses of gamma radiation indicate that an increase in radioresistance is in the following order: Streptomyces rimosus, Fusarium solani, Nocardia kuroishii. F. oxysporum, A. fumigatus, A. flavus, A. parasiticus and A. ochraceus. The total lipid contents of ...

1997-01-01

488

Structural and functional aspects of radiation adrenalopathy

Tarapur Atomic Power Station Unit-4 was made critical on 6th March 2005. Since radiation field builds up with the power level due to formation of fission products and activation products in different systems. Radiation dose rates were recorded from different areas using Area Radiation Monitors (ARMs) installed at different areas. These monitors are connected to Radiation Data Acquisition System (RADAS). The trend of radiation field build-up was also analyzed by making survey of different plant areas at various power levels and comparison was made with RADAS readings. The results obtained were compared with 220 MWe dose rates. This study discusses about the dose rates observed at accessible area, shut down accessible area and hotspots observed during the early stage of operation of the reactor. The attempt was also made to find the contributing factors of the ...

2005-11-23

489

Semiconductor Radiation Detectors with Frisch Collars and Collimators for Gamma Ray Spectroscopy and Imaging

As part of a combined study of the responses of the mouse adrenal gland and kidney to X-irradiation, the weight of adrenal glands, the relative volumes of the cortex and medulla and the aldosterone output were measured at predetermined times after irradiation of the left organs only.

1986-01-01

490

Radioactivity of Tobacco Leaves and Radiation Dose Induced from Smoking

To study CdZnTe as a high energy resolution gamma ray detector with a novel new design, and to build a detector array from the new detector design

2006-12-04

491

Long-term effects of inhaled uranyl nitrate in rats

The radioactivity in tobacco leaves collected from 15 different regions of Greece and before cigarette production was studied in order to find out any association between the root uptake of radionuclides...Full Text Available

2009-02-01

492

Determination of Organ Doses During Radiological Examinations and Calculation of Somatically Significant Dose.

Rats were exposed to aerosols of "2"3"3U and "2"3"2U nitrate in a study of the long-term biological effects. Preliminary radiation dose estimates show lung > skeleton > kidney in each dose group.

1977-05-01

493

Beam-induced damage on diffractive hard X-ray optics

Examples are used to demonstrate that a shift in the point of emphasis is necessary with regard to radiation hazard in medicinal X-ray diagnosis. The parameters employed in this study to calculate somatic dose (SD) and somatically significant dose (SSD) m...

1980-01-01

494

Assessment of tumour response in a rat rhabdomyosarcoma.

The issue of beam-induced damage on diffractive hard X-ray optics is addressed. For this purpose a systematic study on the radiation damage induced by a high-power X-ray beam is carried out in both...Full Text Available

2010-11-01

495

Renal artery stenosis after radiotherapy for Ewing's sarcoma

A rhabdomyosarcoma in a WAG/Rij rat with capacity for colony growth after tumour excision and enzymatic dissociation has been used to study response to high and low LET radiation. End points are tumor...Full Text Available

1980-04-01

496

Study of the formation of polyethylene composites and lignocellulose materials by means of irradiation and extrusion

Background: the fact that therapeutic irradiation can induce significant stenosis in the arteries of the head, neck, and chest, as welt as in the aorta and the iliac arteries, is familiar in daily practice and well documented in the literature. By contrast, radiation-induced renal artery stenosis seems to be a less widely known complication. Patients and methods: the sudden onset of medically refractory arterial hypertension and coma in a 27-year-old man is reported, who had been treated at age 20 with chemotherapy and radiotherapy for Ewing's sarcoma in the lumbar region. This treatment had been performed at the hospital of Sion, Switzerland in 2001. Also, the relevant literature from 1965 to 2007 is reviewed to underscore various aspects of this problem and to demonstrate the clinical relevance of renal artery stenosis as a potential long-term sequela of radiotherapy. Conclusion: radiation-induced renal artery stenosis ...

2008-09-01

497

Electronic system hardening methodology

One of the greatest opportunities for using of biomass as a precursor in the production of polymeric materials is the lignocellulose composites that can combine high performance with low costs. This work is a initial study on the production of a lignocellulose reinforced polyethylene composite. A compatibilization made by a induced gamma radiation grafting reaction was used to increase the adhesion between the matrix and the reinforced or filled fibers. The lignocellulose materials were exposed to gamma radiation in order to promote a molecular degradation and increase its reactivity. The polymer, the lignocellulose material and the compatibilization were processed by extrusion and the composite produced by this process were characterized by mechanical tests. (author)

2000-10-05

498

Coherent Synchrotron Radiation as a Diagnostic Tool for the LCLS Longitudinal Feedback System

The notion of hardened systems can be found in several applications (nuclear power plants, alarm systems, research installations..). Their development correspond to the functional necessity to take into account a specific radiative environment. The starting point of each hardening study is the definition of the radiative environmental constraints representative of the application. In addition to these external constraints, the specific functional characteristics of each system are considered: control or interface systems in nuclear industry, in-board control systems, remote handling systems, etc. This paper summarizes the methodology followed according to the experience gained in previous studies and anticipating the future needs. (J.S.). 6 refs., 5 figs.

499

Action of radiation on biosynthesis of hemoglobin and some of its electrophoretic fractions

The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) will be the world's first x-ray free-electron laser (FEL). To ensure the vitality of FEL lasing, a longitudinal feedback system is required together with other diagnostics. In this paper, we study the possibility of using Coherent Synchrotron Radiation (CSR) from the chicane as a diagnostic tool for bunch length feedback. Studies show that CSR is a good candidate, even for a non-Gaussian, double-horn longitudinal charge distribution as in the LCLS. We further check the possibility for detecting possible microbunching.

2005-06-15

500