UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Bacillus thuringiensis was isolated from 36 of 50 residue samples obtained from an animal feed mill (a stored-product environment). Of 710 selected colonies having Bacillus...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The production of {alpha}-amylase by Bacillus licheniformis M27 in submerged fermentation was completely inhibited due to catabolic repression in medium containing 1% glucose. In contrast, the enzyme production in a solid state fermentation system was 19,550 units/ml extract even when the medium contained 15% glucose. The peak in enzyme titre was, however, shifted from 48 to 72 h. The ability of the solid state fermentation system to significantly overcome catabolic repression was not known earlier and is probably conferred by various physico-chemical factors and culture conditions specific to the system. (orig.).

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Mexico is located in a transition zone between the Nearctic and Neotropical biogeographical regions and contains a rich and unique biodiversity. A total of 496 Bacillus thuringiensis...Full Text Available

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Microbiological quality and biophenol content evolution was studied in minimally processed Thassos cv table olives by hot air dehydration under mild conditions (40C, 24-h, aw-=-0.893) and storage under characteristic packaging conditions (vacuum, 100% N2 and air) at 4 and 20C over a period of 180 days. No salt was used in the production line or packaging. The undesirable microorganisms (Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus, Clostridium) were undetectable until the end of the storage period. Also, modified atmospheres prevented fungal growth at both temperatures apart from the samples stored in air, in which Penicillium and Aspergillus spp. were identified. At 20C, a coexistence of mesophilic bacteria and yeasts occurred. At 4C, yeasts were the predominant microflora...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Thioredoxin, a small, ubiquitous protein which participates in redox reactions through the reversible oxidation of its active center dithiol to a disulfide, is an essential protein in Bacillus...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The resistance to destruction of spores of Bacillus subtilis var. niger occluded in crystals of calcium carbonate and exposed to ethylene oxide and moist and dry heat...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

1. The penicillinases formed by penicillinase-constitutive mutant strains from two closely related varieties (749 and 6346) of Bacillus licheniformis have been isolated, characterized...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Plasmid transfer between strains of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis was studied under a range of environmentally relevant laboratory conditions in vitro,...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The cloned 135-kDa CryIC delta-endotoxin from Bacillus thuringiensis is a lepidopteran-active toxin, displaying high activity in vivo against Spodoptera litoralis and Spodoptera frugiperda larvae and...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Bacillus thuringiensis was isolated from dried tobacco residues and dead tobacco beetles (Lasioderma serricorne (F.); Coleoptera: Anobiidae) collected in a large number...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

By use of a new computer-assisted u.v.-spectrophotometric assay method, the kinetic parameters of the reaction catalysed by Bacillus licheniformis 749/C beta-lactamase were re-examined and the mode...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The plasmid pE194 (3.7 kilobases) is capable of integrating into the genome of the bacterial host Bacillus subtilis in the absence of the major homology-dependent RecE recombination system. Multiple...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The electrokinetic patterns of four bacterial species (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Agrobacterium radiobacter), two yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

SpoIIIE is an FtsK-related protein that transports the forespore chromosome across the Bacillus subtilis sporulation septum. We use membrane photobleaching and protoplast assays to...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Certain pathogenic species of Bacillus and Clostridium have developed unique methods for intoxicating cells that employ the classic enzymatic “A-B” paradigm for protein toxins. The binary...Full Text Available

KoreaScience (Korea)

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British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This study was conducted to investigate the antibacterial effect of BSAP-254 on Bacillus cereus with the induced stress proteins. The BSAP-254 is an antimicrobial peptide isolated from soybean-fermenting bacteria, Bacillus subtilis SC-8. It had a narrow spectrum of activity against B. cereus group. The growth inhibitory effect of BSAP-254 (50??g/mL) reduced the population of B. cereus from >108 to 104 colony-forming units per milliliter within 30?min. In B. cereus exposed to BSAP-254, 14 intracellular proteins were differentially expressed as determined by 2-DE coupled with MS. Of the differentially expressed proteins identified, the stress protein GroEL, which is heat shock protein, was induced in B. cereus exposed to antibacterial peptide.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The rates of synthesis of a class of both secreted and intracellular degradative enzymes in Bacillus subtilis are controlled by a signal transduction pathway defined by at least four regulatory genes:...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Protective immunity against infection with Bacillus anthracis is almost entirely based on a response to the protective antigen (PA), the binding moiety for the two other toxin components....Full Text Available

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In this study, bacterial strains were investigated in order to determine their heavy metal tolerance. The bacterial strains were identified as Bacillus cereus and Bacillus pumilus. In the batch system, the effects of operating variables such as solution pH, initial metal concentration, contact time, and adsorbent dosage were investigated. Both isolates were highly resistance to copper and lead in comparison with the control strain examined. The adsorption capacities of B. cereus and B. pumilus were found to be 22.1mg/g and 28.06mg/g, respectively. The biosorption follows pseudo-second order kinetics and the isotherm fits well to the Langmuir isotherm model. In column experiments, the biosorption was fitted well by the Thomas model. The breakthrough and exhaustion capacity of each biosorben...

Science.gov (United States)

... Weiss, S., D. Kobiler, H. Levy, H. Marcus, A. Pass, N. Rothschild, and Z ... of Bacillus anthracis spores conferred by a protective antigen-based vaccine in rabbits ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The presence of highly heat-resistant spores of Bacillus sporothermodurans in ultrahigh-temperature or sterilized consumer milk has emerged as an important item in the dairy industry....Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

An extracellular polysaccharide was purified from culture supernatants of Paenibacillus jamilae CP-7, a gram-positive bacillus that was isolated from compost prepared with olive mill...Full Text Available

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Bacillus licheniformis ?-glutamyltranspeptidase (BlGGT) undergoes an autocatalytic process to generate 44.9 and 21.7?kDa subunits; however, a mutant protein (T399A) loses completely the processing ability and mainly exists as a precursor. For a comprehensive understanding of their structural features, the biophysical properties of these two proteins were investigated by circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy. Tryptophan fluorescence and circular dichroism spectra were nearly identical for BlGGT and T399A, but unfolding analyses revealed that these two proteins had a different sensitivity towards temperature- and guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl)-induced denaturation. BlGGT and the unprocessed T399A displayed T m values of 61.4?C and 68.1?C, respectively, and thermal unfolding of b...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The present study was performed to investigate the effects of various levels of dietary Bacillus subtilis and chitosan on the growth performance, non-specific immunity and protection against Vibrio harveyi infection in cobia, Rachycentron canadum. Fish were fed with the control diet and six different experimental diets containing three graded levels of B. subtilis at 2 x 10^1^0 CFU g^-^1 (0.0, 1.0, 2.0 g kg^-^1 diet) for each of two levels of chitosan (3.0 and 6.0 g kg^-^1 diet). The results of 8 weeks feeding trial showed that the survival rate ranged from 81.3% to 84.0% with no significant difference (P > 0.05). The SGR (%) in the fish fed with dietary treatments was significantly higher than that of the control fish except diet 6 group with 2.0 g kg^-^1B. subtilis and 3.0 g kg^-^1 chito...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Full text: Pink bollworm (PBW), Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), an introduced pest from Mexico, first occurred in United States cotton production in Texas in 1917. Unacceptable economic losses have occurred. The development of PBW sterile moth release technology, gossyplure sex pheromone behavioral control, cotton plant cultural control to reduce overwintered PBW populations, and the transfer of the insect toxin protein gene into cotton from Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (Berliner) have provided an effective integrated pest management (IPM) system with PBW eradication potential. Sterile insect release was considered a potential option for PBW population suppression in the early 1960s. Research on the isolated island of St. Croix, (US Virgin Islands) demonstrated its validity. Reductions of larval infestations in bolls following sterile moth releases began when ratios of released PBW sterile male to native male moths averaged 70:1 in ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The leaf extract from the plant Piliostigma reticulatum was found to exhibit antimicrobial activity against some bacteria and fungi such as Staphylococcus aureus (NCTC 6571), Escherichia coli (NCTC 10418), Bacillus subtilis (NCTC 8236), Proteus vulgaris (NCTC 4175), Aspergillus niger (ATCC 10578) and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231). Upon investigation of the chemical constituents present in the leaf extract, a total of seven compounds were isolated and their structures were unambiguously established by spectroscopic methods including HR-MS and NMR spectrometry. Four of the isolated compounds were novel, namely 6-C-methyl-2-p-hydroxyphenyloxychromonol (piliostigmol), 1, 6,8-di-C-methylquercetin-3,3prime,7-trimethyl ether, 2, 6,8-di-C-methylquercetin-3,3prime-dimethyl ether, 3 and 3prime,6,8,-...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A number of aerobic species capable of decolorizing some of the dyes in a textile mill effluent were isolated. One of the isolates was able to decolorize Terasil black dye under aerobic conditions in the presence of an exogenous carbon source after 5 days. Glucose or starch (%1 ea) are essential for decolorization but the process proceeds faster in the presence of 0.5% yeast extract. Results of the BOD5 show that the untreated effluent samples have a low BOD value, whereas treated samples show an initial increase in BOD up to 15 days followed by a decrease after 20 days. FT-IR and GC-MS data also reveal that the initial components in the untreated effluent disappear after 20 days of treatment, confirming biodegradation of the dye. Phytotoxicity tests on the untreated effluent samples using...

Science.gov (United States)

Kong-Ming Wu (Corresponding author) The application of recombinant DNA technology has resulted in many insect-resistant varieties by genetic engineering (GE). Crops expressing Cry toxins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been planted worldwide, and are an effective tool for pest control. However, one ecological concern regarding the potential effects of insect-resistant GE plants on non-target organisms (NTOs) has been continually debated. In the present study, we briefly summarize the data regarding the development and commercial use of transgenic Bt varieties, elaborate on the procedure and methods for assessing the non-target effects of insect-resistant GE plants, and synthetically analyze the related research results, mostly those published between 2005 and 2010. A mass of laboratory and field studies have shown that the currently available Bt crops have no direct detrimental effects on NTOs due to their narrow spectrum of activity, and Bt crops are ...

Science.gov (United States)

Correlates between immunological parameters and protection against Bacillus anthracis infection in animals vaccinated with protective antigen (PA)-based vaccines could provide surrogate markers to evaluate the putative protective efficiency of immunization in humans. In previous studies we demonstrated that neutralizing antibody levels serve as correlates for protection in guinea pigs (S. Reuveny et al., Infect. Immun. 69:2888-2893, 2001; H. Marcus et al., Infect. Immun. 72:3471-3477, 2004). In this study we evaluated similar correlates for protection by active and passive immunization of New Zealand White rabbits. Full immunization and partial immunization were achieved by single and multiple injections of standard and diluted doses of a PA-based vaccine. Passive immunization was carried out by injection of immune sera from rabbits vaccinated with PA-based vaccine prior to challenge with B. anthracis spores. Immunized rabbits were challenged by intranasal spore ...

Science.gov (United States)

New tetradentate N(2)O(2) donor Schiff bases and their mononuclear Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Pd(II) complexes were synthesized and characterized extensively by IR, (1)H-, (13)C-NMR, mass, ESR, conductivity measurements, elemental and thermal analysis. Specifically the magnetic and electronic spectral measurements demonstrate the octahedral structures of cobalt(II), nickel(II) complexes and square planar geometries of copper(II), palladium(II) complexes. All the ligands and complexes were screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against two gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus) and two gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia). In this study, Pd(II) complexes exhibited potent antibacterial activity against B. subtilis, S. aureus whereas other metal complexes also exerted good activity towards all tested strains even than standard drugs streptomycin and ampicillin. PMID:21297294

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Short communication. 1 ref.

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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... Figure 4. Production Flowsheets based on Purification of Yellow Cake

CERN Document Server

Lithography Production Techniques for next Generations of Microelectronics

International Science & Technology Center (ISTC)

Production of High-Purity (>99.99% wt.) Condensed Beryllium

International Science & Technology Center (ISTC)

Development, Investigation and Improvement of a System of Incinerating Crop Production Wastes in Small Capacity Boilers

International Science & Technology Center (ISTC)

Development of Technologies for Boron-10 Isotope Modified Boron-containing Materials Production and their Properties Investigation.

Science.gov (United States)

Adenine DNA glycosylase catalyzes the glycolytic removal of adenine from the promutagenic A {center_dot} oxoG base pair in DNA. The general features of DNA recognition by an adenine DNA glycosylase, Bacillus stearothermophilus MutY, have previously been revealed via the X-ray structure of a catalytically inactive mutant protein bound to an A:oxoG-containing DNA duplex. Although the structure revealed the substrate adenine to be, as expected, extruded from the DNA helix and inserted into an extrahelical active site pocket on the enzyme, the substrate adenine engaged in no direct contacts with active site residues. This feature was paradoxical, because other glycosylases have been observed to engage their substrates primarily through direct contacts. The lack of direct contacts in the case of MutY suggested that either MutY uses a distinctive logic for substrate recognition or that the X-ray structure had captured a noncatalytically competent state in lesion ...

Wastenet

... Waste Collection Systems Products and Equipment Find and compare a variety of waste collection systems products and equipment on the world's largest environmental industry portal. View product ...

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No abstract prepared.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The composition and physicochemical properties of Gorlovsk Basin anthracite are studied, with a view to expanding its metallurgical use. In industrial tests, anthracite is employed in smelting hot metal in cupola furnaces, in the production of carbonized products and briquets, in ferroalloy production, in sintering iron ore, and in batch for foundry coke.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Short note.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Short communication

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Science.gov (United States)

PMID:21769853

Science.gov (United States)

...false Manufacturing and production engineering costs. 31.205-25 Section...205-25 Manufacturing and production engineering costs. (a) The costs of manufacturing and production engineering effort as described in (1)...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... electrophoresis fission products gamma radiation gamma spectra half-life

Wastenet

...Surface Aerators Products and Equipment Find and compare a variety of surface aerators products and equipment on the world's largest environmental industry portal. ...

Wastenet

... Tunnel Composting Products and Equipment Find and compare a variety of tunnel composting products and equipment on the world's largest environmental industry portal. ...

Science.gov (United States)

... in the processes of production and, partic- ularly, product distribution and also by the increase in directive and disciplinary methods of intervention ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In this work the production of sustainable syngas has been investigated for use in a co-production plant for electricity and Fischer Tropsch diesel at the Willem-Alexander Centrale in Buggenum, the Netherlands, and has also been compared to the co-production of SNG. From the analysis for this specific situation it is determined that the co-production of Fischer Tropsch liquids is economically more beneficial than co-production of SNG.

CERN Document Server

We consider various modifications of the Weyl-Moyal star-product, in order to obtain a finite range of nonlocality. The basic requirements are to preserve the commutation relations of the coordinates as well as the associativity of the new product. We show that a modification of the differential representation of the Weyl-Moyal star-product by an exponential function of derivatives will not lead to a finite range of nonlocality. We also modify the integral kernel of the star-product introducing a Gaussian damping, but find a nonassociative product which remains infinitely nonlocal. We are therefore led to propose that the Weyl-Moyal product should be modified by a cutoff like function, in order to remove the infinite nonlocality of the product. We provide such a product, but it appears that one has to abandon the ...

Wastenet

rapid rise in intensive production (particularly intensive pig and poultry production ) much of the expansion in land ...than extensively reared ruminant production, and intensive pig and poultry production is, by a long way, ...In short, intensive pig and poultry production can be seen, from this perspective, as the

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper shows the characteristics of the fertilizer production park of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, mainly in the aspects of energy consumption and energy sources used in the production process of the various kinds of fertilizers and by-products. A scenario including the fertilizer production evolution was made, relating this future production with the future energy consumption of this sector. 7 figs., 2 tabs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Probabilities of flucton production have been calculated for the 1p-shell nuclei and its modification by the Yastrov method. The results obtained are in a qualitative agreement with the data resulting from the analysis of experiment in an assumption of a flucton mechanism of proton-nuclear inclusive reactions with the production of cumulative particles.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

l-Ribulose is a rare and expensive sugar that can be used as a precursor for the production of other rare sugars of high market value such as l-ribose. In this work we describe a production...Full Text Available

Wastenet

...Rolls Royce Production Plant, Goodwood Rolls Royce Production Plant, Goodwood Rolls Royce Production Plant, Goodwood Browser does not support script. Home ...Wilson Group plc »Projects »Buildings & Infrastructure »Industrial & Distribution »Rolls Royce Production Plant, Goodwood Rolls Royce Production Plant, Goodwood Project Introduction Scott Wilson was ...Robin Hood Airport Robin Hood Airport Doncaster Sheffield Rolls Royce Production Plant, Goodwood Rolls-Royce plc Rolls-Royce plc, New Manufacturing Facility Royal Arsenal Development ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The exergy method is used to compare different production processes and various methods for emission abatement with respect to their overall environmental impact. Some ammonium nitrate production processes are studied as examples, because the pollutants (ammonia and ammonium nitrate), emitted from these processes into the air and/or into the water, are really a feedstock and a product from the production process. Therefore, the essential result of the waste flows treatment is the recycling of the pollutants (ammonia and ammonium nitrate) back into the production process, decreasing simultaneously the exergy input and cumulative exergy consumption. (author)

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The product-operator formalism is the most commonly used tool for describing and designing multidimensional NMR experiments. In spite of its relative simplicity and sound theoretical underpinnings,...Full Text Available

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Despite the high practical relevance, prior research does not provide a clear picture whether the effectiveness of new product preannouncements is contingent upon order of entry and whether the message content of preannouncements for pioneering products should be different from those for followers. Drawing on diffusion research, the authors examine how preannouncements that focus on risk reduction and the product?s relative advantage influence the relationship between preannouncement intensity and new product success, taking into account order of entry. A cross-industry study investigating 151 new product launches shows that for pioneers, a message focus aimed at reducing perceived product risk positively influences preannouncement effectiveness. Furthermore, a relative advantage focus neg...

Science.gov (United States)

Jun 16, 2011 ... Title: Chapter 21: Oceanographic Processes and Marine Productivity in Waters Offshore of Marbled Murrelet Breeding Habitat ...

Wastenet

...Air Quality Monitoring Networks Products and Equipment Find and compare a variety of air quality monitoring networks products and equipment on the world's largest environmental industry portal. ...

Medline Plus

... some home products, like vitamin A, glycolic acid, antioxidants, vitamin C, etc. We can use these products ...

International Science & Technology Center (ISTC)

Development of the Technology and Control of Electron-Beam Welding Procedure and Production of Full Scale Sector of Endcap CMS Hadron Calorimeter. Preparation for Mass Production.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Reliable exposure information for cosmetic and other personal care products and ingredients is needed in order to conduct safety assessments. Essential information includes both the amount of product applied, and the frequency of use. To obtain current data, studies to assess consumer use practices were undertaken. Six widely used personal care product types were included in the studies. Five of the products were cosmetics (spray perfume, hairspray, liquid foundation, shampoo, body wash) and one product was a cosmetic/over-the-counter drug product (solid antiperspirant). Three hundred and sixty women, ages 19-65 years, who regularly use the products of interest, were recruited at 10 different geographical locations within the US. The number of recruits was chosen to ensure a minimum of thr...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... filters molybdenum alloys production sulfuric acid alloys chemical reactions ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Context: Some studies suggest altered pituitary functioning and TSH production with aging.Objective: Our objective was to test the hypothesis that less TSH production...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Energy study was conducted in an organic fertilizer production plant in Nigeria, to determine the energy consumption patterns and the associated costs for the production of both powdered and pelletised fertilizer. Analysis was conducted for a daily production of 9000 kg of the finished products. Eight and nine defined unit operations were required for production of powder and pellets, respectively. The electrical and manual energy required for the production of powder were 94.5 and 5.6% of the total energy, respectively, with corresponding 93.9 and 5.1% for the production of pellets. The respective average energy intensities were estimated as 0.28 and 0.35 MJ/kg for powder and pellets. The most energy intensive operation was identified as the pulverizing unit with energy intensity of 0.09 MJ/kg, accounting for respective proportions of 33.4 ...

KoreaScience (Korea)

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KoreaScience (Korea)

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KoreaScience (Korea)

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Short communication. 4 refs.

International Science & Technology Center (ISTC)

Development of the Technology to Obtain Pure Metal Scandium by Thermal Decomposition of Scandium Iodide

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Udgivelsesdato: 1985-Feb

KoreaScience (Korea)

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KoreaScience (Korea)

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KoreaScience (Korea)

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Science.gov (United States)

Primary goal: Provide resource managers with remote sensing products that support ecosystem

International Science & Technology Center (ISTC)

Creation of Meat and Fat Tail Breed Sheep and Production of Ecologically Pure Mutton and Lamb

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

developed for our government and industrial robots were used by .... UUV capabilities, into a product. The licensing agreement and ...

Wastenet

...and supply ensuring better food quality for the consumer developing safer and more flexible food production processes and technologies raw materials for food production; production and processing systems; by-products and wastes from fisheries and agro-industry; new food sources; packaging systems; quality monitoring; traceability Food contamination detecting and eliminating infectious and toxic agents throughout the food chain establishing the hazards and origins of food contaminants producing food more safely rapid ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... no. 2) p. 27-28. economics hydrogen power reactors nonmetals (ELEMENTS

J-STORE (Japan)

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A small cable yarding system for accumulations of slash on forested land and overstocked non-productive stands is described.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared

KoreaScience (Korea)

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KoreaScience (Korea)

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KoreaScience (Korea)

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Wastenet

as a by-product during the purification of molten magnesium chloride prior to its electrolysis and during the

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Published in summary form only.

Science.gov (United States)

A process and apparatus for the production of coke, asphalt and jet fuel m a feed of fossil fuels containing volatile carbon compounds therein is disclosed. The process includes the steps of pyrolyzing the feed in an entrained bed pyrolyzing means, separating the volatile pyrolysis products from the solid pyrolysis products removing at least one coke from the solid pyrolysis products, fractionating the volatile pyrolysis products to produce an overhead stream and a bottom stream which is useful as asphalt for road pavement, condensing the overhead stream to produce a condensed liquid fraction and a noncondensable, gaseous fraction, and removing water from the condensed liquid fraction to produce a jet fuel-containing product. The disclosed apparatus is useful for practicing the foregoing process. the process provides a useful method of mass producing and jet ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

During the design process, designers have to define the structure of their product while considering its functional definition. This design phase remains little assisted for designers. In addition, as numerous options can be considered for the end of life of a product (reuse, remanufacturing, recycling,) it becomes more difficult to obtain a compromise concerning the final structure of the product. In this paper, we will show how the use of virtual reality helps designers to transform the functional definition of the product into the design of its structure, during the conceptual design phase. The developed example will concern the design of a bathroom scale.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Inco Ltd., a primary producer of nickel and an important producer of copper, cobalt, precious metals and sulphur products, initiated a project in 1997 to conduct eco-profiles of its worldwide metal production in an effort to improve its internal processing, marketing and environmental management. The study made it possible to recognize some internal and external benefits including the opportunity to gain operating efficiencies and improved process/product design, the development of better environmental performance indicators to guide decision making, and the availability of comprehensive product related environmental data to meet the informational needs of customers, designers, engineers and governments. This paper described the life cycle assessment (LCA) process used by Inco to conduct the study. A life cycle inventory (LCI) was used to quantitatively calculate resource requirements and environmental ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Improving software for the analysis of fenestration product energy efficiency and developing related information technology products that aid in optimizing the use of fenestration products for energy efficiency are essential steps toward ensuring that more efficient products are developed and that existing and emerging products are utilized in the applications where they will produce the greatest energy savings. Given the diversity of building types and designs and the climates in the U.S., no one fenestration product or set of properties is optimal for all applications. Future tools and procedures to analyze fenestration product energy efficiency will need to both accurately analyze fenestration product performance under a specific set of conditions and to look at whole fenestration product energy ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brazil occupies a prominence place in the development and use of sources renovate of energy, due to its great territorial extension, climate and several alternatives. One of these it is the bio diesel,o production which can substitute the oil diesel, decreasing the impacts to the environment. In the productive chain of chicken meat a residue, chicken oil, is generated with potential for biodiesel production. In this work they were certain characteristics physical chemistries, that can influence in the reactions of transesterification of the chicken oil. It was lifted up the potential of production of chicken oil in the cooperatives of the area west of the state of Parana and yield in biodiesel. The bio diesel production by cooperatives could be of 19.525.209,0 kg/year of bio diesel and the yield of 95%. (author)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Summary Background The seventh amendment of the European Union (EU) Cosmetics Directive (March 2005) and the Detergents Regulations of the EU (October 2005) are now legal requirements in Europe. Cosmetic products and detergents must be labelled for 26 individual named fragrances, when present at concentrations of > 10 parts per million (p.p.m.) in leave-on products and > 100 p.p.m. in rinse-off products. Objectives To make an assessment of the exposure pattern to fragrance of the U.K. consumer and to determine the frequency with which the constituent fragrances of fragrance mix I (FM I) and fragrance mix II (FM II) are included in products currently sold in the U.K. Methods A study of perfumed cosmetic and household products available on the shelves of U.K. retailers was carried out in Jan...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Leptonic pair production on nuclei ad EMC-effect are discussed within the frames of the flucton model with scaling distortion. Cumulative production of direct photons and leptonic pairs as a test of the model of hard collisions is considered. The results of calculations of massive leptonic pair production cross sections on nucleus fluctons, caculations of the ratio of deuterium and iron structural functions, cross sections of direct photon production on sup(181)Ta nuclei at Esub(p)=400 GeV and cross section of #pi#-meson production in the model of hard collisions are presented. Experimental discovery of direct cumulative photons is concluded to be important for understanding the mechanism of parton hard scattering from nucleus fluctons.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Fermented sausages were produced with 25%, 50%, 75% or 100% of their pork back fat content replaced by amorphous cellulose gel. The sausage production was monitored with physical, chemical and microbiological analyses. The final products were submitted to a consumer study, and the volatile compounds of the final products were extracted by solid-phase microextraction and analyzed by GC/MS. The reformulated fermented sausages had significant reductions in fat and cholesterol, and the volatile compounds derived from lipid oxidation were also reduced in the final products. These results suggest that the substitution of up to 50% of the pork back fat content by amorphous cellulose gel can be accomplished without a loss of product quality, enabling the production of fermented sausages with the l...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

ObjectiveAnimal feeding practices in the United States have changed considerably over the past century. As large-scale, concentrated production methods have become the predominant...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Sponges can provide potential drugs against many major world-wide occurring diseases. Despite the high potential of sponge derived drugs no sustainable production method has been developed. Thus far...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The purpose of this study was to assess changes in dairy herd milk production and milk composition associated with changes in Salmonella contamination of bulk milk on dairy farms in southwestern Ontario....Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We calculate the cross sections for the single production of doubly charged dileptons, both scalar and vector, at [ital e][sup +][ital e][sup [minus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Radionuclide X-ray fluorescence analysis was used for the determination of iron, calcium, potassium, copper, manganese and zinc in waste water from the production process of citric acid. (author).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

This paper discusses the quality assurance requirements for high-level canistered waste form products which would be acceptable for disposal in a deep geologic repository. A review plan and guidelines are provided.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The production of three vector bosons in #gamma# #gamma# collisions studying the reactions #gamma# + #gamma# #-># W"+ + W"- + Z"0 and #gamma# + #gamma# #-># W"+ + W"- + #gamma#. 12 refs., 4 figs., 2 tabs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This dissertation concerns a study of the utilization of sorghum biomass as the fuel for a methane production system. The objective of this research is to determine an optimal sorghum-methane production system based on anaerobic batch digestion technology. The system is described as the interaction of three components: estimation of available biomass, storage of biomass, and the gas production. Levelized costs are obtained for each component. The biomass supply is assumed to decay exponentially in quality with storage time. The gas production process is a batch type of digestion with an exponential production rate. Gas production is formulated for a fixed planning horizon (one year) as a function of the number of batches and the batch residence times. The cost equation is then described as a function of these gas production equations and ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

This study was conducted to determine by gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (MS) the identity and the quantity of volatile N products produced during the helium-purged in vivo...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The production of Alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici host-specific toxins (AAL toxins) and epoxide hydrolase (EH) activity were studied during the growth of this...Full Text Available

Wastenet

Item Production (mmboe) Production costs ($m) Depreciation, depletion & amortisation (DD&A) expense ($/boe) ...3 1351.4 1190.7103.8 107.84110.79139.6

Science.gov (United States)

choice Charlotte NC *ecosential for smooth cooktops 2010 Jelmar, LLC Skokie IL CLR Cooktop Cleaner 2004 LotusLand Products, LLC Dallas TX *Believe -- BeSpicy Oven and Grill...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Suppressed IL-12 production and maladaptive immune activation, both of which are ameliorated by successful highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), are thought to play important roles in the immunopathogenesis...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundGlucosinolate breakdown products are volatile, therefore good candidates for insect fumigants. However, although they are insecticidal, the mode of action of such natural...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The EMS effect is explained in the flucton model as a consequence of scale invariance violation. Nontrivial behaviour of the ratio between structural functions and production cross sections for lepton pairs for different nuclei at x > 1 is predicted.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The authors studied noncancer mortality among phenoxyacid herbicide and chlorophenol production workers and sprayers included in an international study comprising 36 cohorts from 12 countries followed...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Epicuticular wax production was evaluated along the length of expanding leek (Allium porrum L.) leaves to gain insight into the regulation of wax production. Leaf segments from the...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

This section presents background information supporting the development of effluent limitations guidelines and standards for the concentrated aquatic animal production (CAAP) point source category. Section 1.1 presents the legal authority to regulate the ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

OBJECTIVEPrevious studies showed that genetic deletion or pharmacological blockade of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) prevents the early structural changes...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

This cost-effectiveness analysis supports the proposed effluent limitations guidelines and standards for the Metal Products and Machinery Industry (MP and M) Phase I Industry. The report assesses the cost-effectiveness of five regulatory options for indir...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The effects of the time and temperature of alkaline pretreatment and the time and temperature of the carboxymethylation of peat in 2-propanol on the concentration of carboxymethyl groups and the solubility of the resulting products in water and an aqueous alkali solution were studied. The viscosity characteristics of the aqueous and aqueous alkaline solutions of peat carboxymethylation products were studied.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Exogenously supplied indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) stimulated ethylene production in tobacco (Nicotiana glauca) leaf discs but not in those of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The data are analyzed on cumulative antiproton production on Be, Al, Cu, and Ta nuclei induced by 10 GeV protons. The analysis is carried out in the framework of the flucton quark fragmentation model.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The relationships between basic and applied agricultural R&D, developed and developing country R&D and between R&D, extension, technology and productivity growth are outlined....Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BACKGROUND--Interstitial lung diseases are characterised by the recruitment of mononuclear cells to disease sites where maturation occurs and activation products, including lysozyme (LZM), are released....Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

ObjectiveTo estimate the joint effect of a multifaceted access intervention on primary care physician (PCP) productivity in a large, integrated prepaid group practice.Data...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundThe relationships between worker health and productivity are becoming clearer. However, few large scale studies have measured the direct and indirect cost...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

... Descriptors : *Combustible cartridge cases, *Ammunition components, *Manufacturing, Fabrication, Industrial production, Nitrocellulose, Adhesives ...

Environmental Research Database

DescriptionPig production represents an important source of revenue for the agricultural industry of the UK. However as a direct result of environmental and animal welfare concerns European-wide directives are now in place which severely restrict both the non-clinical use of production enhancers/chemotherapeutics and heavy metals in animal production and also prevent piglet weaning prior to 28 days of age. These legislative events have had a major impact on pig production within Europe rendering current pr [continued...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Spray forming is an advanced materials processing technology that converts a bulk liquid metal to a near-net-shape solid by depositing atomized droplets onto a suitably shaped substrate. By combining rapid solidification processing with product shape control, spray forming can reduce manufacturing costs while improving product quality. De Laval nozzles offer an alternative method to the more conventional spray nozzle designs. Two applications are described: high-volume production of aluminum alloy strip, and the production of specialized tooling, such as injection molds and dies, for rapid prototyping.

Science.gov (United States)

... Dynamics) environment (ref. 13) to work seamlessly with their flagship products, MSC.Nastran and MSC.Patran. In addition ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The study of imported ceramics found in Beirut and suspected to belong to north Syrian products will provide key evidence for the roles in trade of the various postulated centers in northern Syria and northern Lebanon. It is proposed that a comprehensive range of likely north Syrian products imported to Beirut will be chemically analyzed by PIXE (proton induced X-ray emission) in order to characterize, compare and isolate the various regional production centers that supplied the city from the Persian to Byzantine periods. In this work, we were mainly focusing on the characterization of Amrit products, by using 3 MeV proton beam and Al funny filter, as X-ray absorber.

Science.gov (United States)

... It is recommended that the drawings be validated in accordance with NAVAIRINST 4333.10 and the data package, Appendix A, be used for ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The production of oil by retorting shale and other hydrocarbonaceous and lignocellulosic solid materials is facilitated by retorting in the presence of steam and acetic acid.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... carrier-free isotopes chemical preparation gamma spectra isotope production

Science.gov (United States)

... without the problem of purple plague. The Au-Ni-In evaporated ... surface and bonding degradation (purple plague) St step-stress ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1971. 111 p. United States Chamberlin, EP Texas Agricultural and

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The authors investigate the isotropization of anisotropic closed spaces and the entropy production due to neutrino viscosity. (Auth.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A fuel composition comprising a liquid hydrocarbon fuel and a detergent amount of the product of reaction between a polyamine and a stearic acid is described.

KoreaScience (Korea)

Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

... Page 43. Integrated Audio Technology Demonstrator The Integrated Audio Technology Dem- development for this application is successful. ...

Science.gov (United States)

The fact that South Africa had no commercially significant deposits of crude oil necessitated the early development of production of gasoline from coal which was present in abundance in low to medium grade in thick seams, the development of the process since the early 1950s is discussed. Both the Fischer Tropsch and Lurgi processes are used, and three large plants named Sasol One, Two, and Three have been completed. A flow diagram for the Lurgi process as used in these plants is included. Typical products and their properties resulting from the Sasol-type Synthol operation are presented in tabular form. Marketing considerations and economics of production of the Sasol products are discussed briefly. (BLM)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Short communication

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Science.gov (United States)

... two sectors. ' One company used as example of this process is the Lord Corporation, which produces products that reduce ...

Science.gov (United States)

... many intriguing new possibilities in the materials sciences. Or consider solitons, a mathematical ... point out that advanced instrumentation, new materials, novel production methods, and efficient ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato genospecies were differentiated by PCR-based sequencing of the borrelial flagellin gene. To evaluate the usefulness of KingFisher"T"M magnetic particle processor in PCR product purification, borrelia PCR products were purified with KingFisher"T"M magnetic particle processor prior to cycle sequencing and the quality of the sequence data received was analyzed. KingFisher was found to offer a rapid and reliable alternative for borrelial PCR product purification.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

English 2000 p. 213-214 Poland Ivanov, VV Klopovsky, KS Popov,

Science.gov (United States)

... unlimited. It may be released to the Clearinghouse. DePartment of Comereforsae o te enga Page 2. EDITED TRANSLATION A ...

Wastenet

The Commission also agreed on new guidelines for organic livestock production, supporting natural breeding methods and

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Power system components, especially components failure, can significantly affect the reliability of a power system. Data about failure rate in electrical products were obtained from products life testing and analyzed in order to predict reliability. The distribution curve fitting method was used to estimate failure probability. Ten relays of different life times have been used to illustrate the validity of this analytical technique. 3 refs., 3 tabs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This 2001 status on the use of renewable energies in France makes a synthesis of the electric and heat productions of renewable origin. It lists the primary or secondary productions of renewable energies, and details the uses corresponding to each renewable energy production source and their respective satisfaction of consumer's needs (residential, industry and agriculture sectors). A detail statistical status for 1999, 2000 and 2001 is presented in tables. (J.S.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Future #gamma##gamma# colliders allow the production of the heavy neutral MSSM Higgs bosons H and A as single resonances. The prospects of finding these particles in the bb-bar and the neutralino-pair final states have been analyzed. The H, A bosons can be discovered for medium values of tan #beta# with masses up to 70-80% of the initial e"#+-#e"- c.m. energy. This production mode thus covers parts of the supersymmetric parameter space that are not accessible at other colliders.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The qualitative technique of the analysis of the efficiency of the RF plasma production is presented in which the solution of boundary problem for Maxwell's equations is only necessary. The analysis of the character of the plasma production process with the crankshaft antenna in Uragan-2M stellarator is carried out. The discussion of the calculations results is presented.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

These ten chapters present an overview of floating production, storage and offloading (FPSO) vessels, and examines deep water developments; hydrostatic stability; production, storage and offloading systems; the configuration and structure of flexible risers and umbilicals; the structural and global dynamic analysis of flexible riser and umbilicals; verification of FPSO structural integrity; vessel global loading and rigid body response; environmental loading and vessel response; and mooring systems. (UK)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Distribution of scattered elements in basic minerals of salt-rocks is studied. It is shown that rubidium and cesium are accumulated mainly in carnallites and are contained in small quantities halites. These elements are accumulated primarily in the carnallite production products, wherein their content in a number of cases exceeds by dozens and hundred times their content in source rocks. It is noted that only carnallites may be considered in the list of actual sources for rubidium and cesium separation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In recent years new, less-sensitive explosives have been developed together with new types of detonator. Four sections are covered: 1) Description of various developments achieved by the laboratories of Nobel Explosifs over the past 12 years; 2) Explanation of the limits of application of the various products; 3) Thoughts on the various detonator systems and their effectiveness; and 4) Advice and recommendations for the use of the new product range. The products in question are : dynamites, nitrates, oil nitrates, gels and slurry explosives. (17 refs.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The aim of British coal liquefaction research is to produce premium products such as transport fuels and chemical feedstocks. Government support has been promised for two 25 tpd pilot plants. Badger estimate that the finished products would cost 25% more than petroleum products. Countries with no indigenous oil are likely to commence commercial coal liquefaction soon.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

A multi-group neutron-gamma cross-section library in DTF-IV format is supplemented with electron production matrix to generate a coupled neutron-gamma-electron library. This is realized by estimating the contributions from Compton scattering, pair production and photoelectric effect to the electron production cross-sections. A novel application of this new library, which involves transport of neutrons, gammas and electrons, for estimating the Compton current due to a pulse of radiation in air is discussed.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chlorine is not just one of many chemical feedstocks which is used in a few definitely harmful products like PVC or CFC but is irrelevant in all other respects. Just the opposite is true: There is hardly any product line of the chemical industry that can do without chlorine, from herbicides and pesticides to dyes, plastics, pharmaceuticals, photographic atricles, and cosmetics. Chlorine is not only a key element of chemical production but also an ubiquitous element of everyday life in civilisation. There are even many who would agree that the volume of chlorine production is an indicator of the competitive strength and national wealth of a modern society. By now, however, it has become evident that the unreflected use of chlorine is no longer ecologically acceptable. The consequences of a chlorine phase-out as compared to the continued chlorine production at the present level were ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The new oil price environment is sending industry engineers back to the drawing board. The search is on for cost effective and perhaps unconventional deepwater production systems. One candidate for Gulf of Mexico deepwater tracts is a tanker-based floating production, storage, and offloading (FPSO) system. Substantial experience with tanker-based FPSO systems has proven them to be cost effective when the field is remote from existing production facilities and pipelines. A tanker-based system offers the unique feature of integrating production, storage, and offloading capabilities into a single unit. Such systems can be installed in 12 to 15 months and can even be leased, significantly improving an operator's cash flow.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The term 'health/functional food' (HFF) refers to food supplements containing nutrients or other substances (in a concentrated form) that have a nutritional or physiological effect whose purpose is to supplement the normal diet. The Korean Health/Functional Food Act that came into effect in 2004 requires these products to be marketed in measured doses, such as in pills, tablets, capsules, and liquids. HFFs are of two types: generic and product-specific. There are 37 ingredients listed in the act for generic HFFs, and if an HFF contains a new active ingredient that is not included in the generic 37 products, it is considered a product-specific HFF. The standardization, safety, and efficacy of a new active ingredient are reviewed by the Korean Food and Drug Administration in order to receive approval as a product-specific HFF. Conforming with international standards and protecting ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The radioisotope production facilities and programs of the 86-Inch Cyclotron are reviewed in this presentation. The 86-Inch Cyclotron is designed to accelerate protons to a maximum energy of 22 MeV for internal targets. These protons are used to bombard metals that are electroplated, potted or soldered to water-cooled plates. Additionally, metals and inorganic compounds are bombarded in water-cooled tube targets. High radioisotope production rates are obtained by beam currents as large as 3 mA. Production rates for /sup 11/C, /sup 57/Co, /sup 67/Ga, /sup 68/Ge, /sup 109/Cd, and other isotopes are presented. The production of /sup 11/C for the carboxyl labeling of amino acids in cooperation with Oak Ridge Associated Universities is discussed. The 86-Inch Cyclotron is used for those programs requiring a larger beam current than is available from commercial cyclotrons.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Petroleum, known to be a source of a vast variety of organic compounds, is also a depository of valuable mineral components. Vanadium and nickel are the most important metal components of crude petroleum, with their concentrations reaching a few tenths of a percent. Their percentage increases 2- to 5-fold in the hydrocarbon products. The vanadium content in processed petroleum products is given. Therefore, the extraction of metals from petroleum is becoming an increasing important task. At present, there is no petroleum processing technology aimed solely at obtaining organic components. The occurrence of metals and other trace elements in petroleum and hydrocarbon products is discussed on the basis of available literature and experimental data. Techniques for isolating metals from petroleum and hydrocarbon products and their quantitative determination are considered.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The phased field development of the Lion and Panthere fields, offshore the Ivory Coast, includes a small floating production, storage, and offloading (FPSO) tanker with minimal processing capability as an early oil production system (EPS). For the long-term production scheme, the FPSO will be replaced by a converted jack up mobile offshore production system (MOPS) with full process equipment. The development also includes guyed-caisson well platforms, pipeline export for natural gas to fuel an onshore power plant, and a floating storage and offloading (FSO) tanker for oil export. Pipeline export for oil is a future possibility. This array of innovative strategies and techniques seldom has been brought together in a single project. The paper describes the development plan, early oil, jack up MOPS, and transport and installation.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Pork identification in four types of food products, which are sausages and the casings, bread and biscuits, using species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of a conserved region in the mitochondrial (mt) 12S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene was developed. Genomic DNA of the food products were successfully extracted except for the casing samples, where no genomic DNA was detected. The extracted genomic DNA was then subjected to PCR amplification targeting the specific regions of the 12S rRNA gene. The genomic DNA from the food products were found to be of good quality and produced clear PCR products on the amplification of 12S rRNA gene of 387 base pairs (bp) from pork species. The species-specific PCR identification yielded excellent results for identification of pork derivatives...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The effect of a sawtooth crash on the radial distribution of the slowing down fusion product tritons and on beams ions, is examined with measurements of the 2.5 MeV and 14 MeV neutron emission line-integrals before and after sawtooth crashes. In deuterium discharges, the 14 MeV neutron production was wholly attributable to burnup of the 1 MeV fusion product tritons from d-d fusion. The local emissivity of 14 MeV neutrons, and hence of the profile of thermalizing tritons, is shown to be only weakly affected by crashes in the discharges studied. This is in contradiction with the apparent behaviour of injected beam ions as deduced from a study of the considerable changes in local emissivity of the 2.5 MeV neutrons. Nevertheless, the behaviour of the fusion product tritons is consistent with the scaling of the beam injected deuterium. 1 ref., 6 figs.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper describes progress in several projects related to biomass power. These include switchgrass conversion development; switchgrass gasification development; production activities including soil studies, carbon studies, switchgrass production economics, watershed impacts, and prairie lands bio-products; information and education; and geographical information system. Attachments describe switchgrass co-firing test; switchgrass production in Iowa; cooperative agreements with ISU; Rathbun Lake watershed project; newspaper articles and information publications; Secretary of Agriculture Glickman`s visit; integration of technical aspects of switchgrass production in Iowa; and evaluation of an integrated biomass gasification/fuel cell power plant.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In this work, long-term operation of a pilot scale mixed anaerobic reactor processing crude glycerol and rapeseed meal is discussed. These materials are generated as by-products of biodiesel production. Mixed reactor was operated under mesophilic conditions for the period of 654 days. Total cumulative production of biogas reached 379 m3 (at atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature). Maximum volumetric loading achieved during the operation was 2.17 kg m?3 d?1 for the crude glycerol dose of 2 L. When dosing crude glycerol as a single substrate, average specific production of biogas of 0.76 m3 per L of the g-phase was achieved. The lack of nutrients in the g-phase had to be compensated by an addition of ammonium nitrogen in the form of urea into the reactor. Long term processing of crude ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

As part of Pilot Project of KIP of CAS, a feasibility study of hydrogen production system using biomass residues is conducted. This study is based on a process of oxygen-rich air gasification of biomass in a downdraft gasifier plus CO-shift. The capacity of this system is 6.4 t biomass/d. Applying this system, it is expected that an annual production of 480 billion N m{sup 3} H{sub 2} will be generated for domestic supply in China. The capital cost of the plant used in this study is 1328/(N m{sup 3}/h) H{sub 2} out, and product supply cost is 0.15/N m{sup 3} H{sub 2}. The cost sensitivity analysis on this system tells that electricity and catalyst cost are the two most important factors to influence hydrogen production cost. (author)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The forest products industry is the third largest economic sector in Alberta, producing pulp and paper, dimensional lumber, paneling, and value added products, providing some 40,000 jobs . 'Value added' is a key component of expanding economic activity within the forest products sector. Wood residues can play a key role in obtaining more value from forest resources by providing new products, serving as feedstock to energy and chemical production, and playing a role in agriculture and land reclamation. One of the principal roles of the Forest Products Development Branch of the Alberta Economics Department is to encourage the development of the industry by creating new uses for these materials and developing awareness of the scope of the resource. Distances to markets, economic competition from conventional energy sources and coordination of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Any mine that uses haultrucks has a dispatching system of some sort, even if it is only a very basic and simple arrangement. The larger, more complex operations have found that, if properly applied, automated computerised dispatching improves the productivity of the equipment as well as improving overall control and reporting. However, not every mine can justify going this far; in these cases a computerised monitoring and reporting system with manual dispatching can still give considerable benefits. Wenco International Mining Systems of Vancouver supplies its computerised system to three different specification levels to suit most open pit mining operations. The article describes the 3 PMCSs (Production Monitoring and Control System) available: PMCS 1000, for monitoring and reporting only; PMCS 2000, for dispatching to maximise production; and PMCS 3000, for dispatching with optimised product quality ...

Science.gov (United States)

Organic farming (or ecological agriculture) is of growing importance in the agricultural sector worldwide. In the Nordic countries, 1-10% of the arable land was in organic production in 1999. Organic farming can be seen as an approach to agriculture where the aim is to create integrated, humane, environmentally and economically sustainable agricultural production systems. Principles like nutrient recycling, prevention rather than treatment and the precautionary principle are included in aims and standards. Animal welfare is another hallmark of organic livestock production but despite this, several studies have indicated severe health problems e.g. in organic poultry production in Denmark. Also the quality of animal food products in relation to human health, particularly the risk of zoonotic infections, has been debated. For these reasons there is a need for improvement of ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We have studied the efficiency of ozone production by pulsed positive corona discharge in coaxial wire-cylinder geometry at atmospheric pressure. A corona discharge was generated by short (#approx#150 ns) high voltage pulses applied between a silver coated copper wire anode and stainless steel cylinder cathode in synthetic air. A pyrex probe and Teflon tube was used for collecting discharge products and an ozone concentration was monitored outside of the discharge chamber by a non-dispersive UV absorption technique. The production of ozone was investigated as a function of energy density (10"-"4-3x10"-"1 Wh l"-"1) delivered to the discharge volume by combining the discharge frequency (0.1-10 Hz) and airflow rate (1-32 l min"-"1). From ozone concentration measurements we have evaluated the ozone production, yield and production energy cost. The ozone production ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The super simulator 'SAMPSON' has been developed to show that there exist certain safety margins for light water reactors under hypothetical severe accidents and to investigate realistic measures of accident management by simulating accidents with a parallel computer. Heat-up of fuel rods and release of fission products from fuels are important factors to evaluate source terms. Models for fuel rod heat-up, hydrogen production due to cladding oxidation and cladding deformation and failure in the core region have been developed in the fuel rod heat-up analysis module. Fuel temperatures were calculated by solving the heat conduction equation. The calculated results for fuel temperature and hydrogen production were compared with CORA-13 experiment results. The comparisons showed prediction capability for the heat-up of fuel rods. The fission product release analysis module incorporates with models for ...

CERN Document Server

The LHCb Muon detector system is made of several (1368) Multi Wire Proportional Chambers (MWPCs). Those chambers differ in size, readout and constructing materials and are built in various countries: their assembly takes place in different sites and foresee many steps. To ensure the production quality and keep track of panels/chambers production an on-line database has been set up. This web based tool allows an easy sharing of the information: the database update is made possible trough a web interface. The update is easy and reliable. The interface helps the information sharing in different sites and helps optimizing the production rate by allowing feedback on production needs and quality between sites contributing to the production chain. The planning is made using the information on the material availability. Quality tests and crosschecks are made easier, as well as the overall ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Production of olefins and their derivatives uses almost 3.5% of the oil and gas consumed annually in the United States. It is estimated that their production requires an input energy of 2 Q, which is 50% of the energy used in the production of all petrochemicals. Substantial amounts of this energy could be recovered through recycling. For example, recycling of a single plastic product, polyester soft drink bottles, could have recovered about 0.014 Q in 1979. (About 1.4 Q is used to produce plastic derivatives of olefins). Petrochemical processes use fuels as feedstocks, as well as for process energy, and a portion of this energy is not foregone and can be recovered through combustion of the products. The energy foregone in the production of ethylene is estimated to be 7800 Btu/lb. The energy foregone in plastics production ranges from 12,100 ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The CANDU-type nuclear fuel localization project started in 1981, and mass-production system completed in 1987 through the pilot scale demonstration of fuel manufacturing. Since the completion of the mass-production system, about 24,000 fuel bundles (450 ton-U) had been delivered to Wolsung Nuclear Power Plant by the end of 1992, according to the fuel supply contracts with KEPCO. The superiority of KAERI-made nuclear fuel has been demonstrated by having achieved the highest utilization factor in the world in 1992. In 1993, as contracted, 4,824 fuel bundles well fabricated and delivered to Wolsung Nuclear Power Plant. The process improvement, quality control, safety management, safeguards of nuclear materials and various kinds of audits have also been performed in the course for fuel manufacturing. Especially in 1993, the difficulties of the reduction of participating work-force were overcome by improving the manufacturing techniques, and ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The objective of this report is to review the different technologies for trapping the gaseous wastes containing Cs, Ru, Tc, {sup 14}C, Kr, Xe, I and {sup 3}H from a voloxidation process. Based on literature reviews and KAERI's experimental results on the gaseous fission products trapping, appropriate trapping method for each fission product has been selected considering process reliability, simplicity, decontamination factor, availability, and disposal. Specifically, the most promising trapping method for each fission product has been proposed for the development of the INL off-gas trapping system. A fly ash filter is proposed as a trapping media for a cesium trapping unit. In addition, a calcium filter is proposed as a trapping media for ruthenium, technetium, and {sup 14}C trapping unit. In case of I trapping unit, AgX is proposed. For Kr and Xe, adsorption on solid is proposed. SDBC (Styrene Divinyl Benzene ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This paper examined the potential of steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) technology for increasing productivity in the Orinoco heavy oilfields of Venezuela. A computerized simulation tool was used to generate a matrix of parameters needed to compare SAGD processes with cold production techniques in the Carabobo region of the Orinoco belt. Parameters included vertical connectivity, oil saturation, and net pay. Monte Carlo simulations and uncertainty assessments were used to generate cold production scenarios. Optimized SAGD scenarios were then designed for each case. Results of the study suggested that vertical local connectivity was an important parameter for the identification of suitable areas for EOR and SAGD. Unfavorable conditions for the application of SAGD during early production stages were identified. SAGD behaviour improved through the adjustment of injection rates during different stages ...

Science.gov (United States)

Proposed future space-based beam weapons systems will most probably require an intense neutral particle beam for effective operation across geomagnetic field lines. Such neutral beams can most efficiently be obtained by stripping excess electrons from negative ion beams. The objective of this work is to study the process of dissociative attachment of electrons. Specifically, to measure the cross sections for polar dissociation and dissociative attachment for production of H(-). It is suspected that these dissociative attachment cross sections for the production of H(-) from alkali hydrides are large. The insight gained from this study will be extremely helpful in the fabrication of high current density H(-) beam sources for use in the production of intense neutral hydrogen beams. A selection of alkali hydride molecules will be investigated in order to determine the largest cross sections for the ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Biogas, produced from anaerobic digestion of organic matter in domestic, industrial and rural wastewaters and residuals, represent an alternative and renewable source of energy, with growing use worldwide. In Brazil, high population and its spatial concentration and expressive agricultural and agricultural-industrial production indicate a substantial potential of biogas production. The results presented in this work show a potential of biogas production of almost 2 billion cubic feet a day of CH{sub 4}. Viability of biogas production and use depends substantially on project scale. Generally, biogas projects are viable from landfills and domestic wastewater treatment for populations higher than 50,000 inhabitants and swine and dairy farms with at least 5,000 and 1,000 animals, respectively. Biogas is also competitive when compared to fossil fuels used in industry and transport. Despite incentive ...

CERN Document Server

Production in economy is a set of firms' activities as suppliers and customers; a firm buys goods from other firms, puts added-values and sells products to others in a giant network of production. Empirical study has been lacking despite of the fact that the structure of production network is important to understand and make models for many aspects of dynamics in economy. We study a nation-wide production network comprising a million of firms and millions of supplier-customer links by using recent statistical methods developed in physics. We show in the empirical analysis scale-free degree distribution, disassortativity, correlation of degree to firm-size, and community structure having sectoral and regional modules. Since suppliers usually provide credit to their customers, who supply to theirs in turn, each link is actually a creditor-debtor relation. We also study chains of ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Formaldehyde release from building products is primarily due to incompletely reacted urea-formaldehyde resin (UFR) in particleboard, medium density fiberboard (MDF), and plywood. Formaldehyde is also released from urea-formaldehyde foam insulation (UFFI) that was popular during the 1970s for retrofitting building envelopes. Results of the authors test of commercial adhesives and UF-bonded wood products show that current state-of-the-art products yield air chamber test values below 0.25 mg/m/sup 3/ immediately after manufacture and are capable of meeting 0.12 mg/m/sup 3/ indoor air standards at the current product ratio unless these products are used in places where they are exposed to high temperature and humidity. In mobile homes placed in severe climates, wall-temperature profiles show large seasonal and diurnal variations that cause large changes in formaldehyde indoor air ...

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The overall objective of this project has been to develop immunochemical methods to quantitate unique DNA base damages in order to facilitate studies on radiation-induced damage production and repair. Specifically, we have been using antibodies raised to damaged bases to quantitate unique lesions in model systems in order to evaluate their potential biological consequences. Our approach has been to synthesize modified nucleotides or nucleosides, conjugate them to protein carriers, and use the conjugates as immunogens in rabbits or to prepare monoclonal antibodies. We have been studying damages that are stable radiolysis products found in X-irradiated DNA and thus of potential biological consequence. Our aim is to build an in vitro and in vivo data base on the interactions between model DNA lesions and such cellular enzymes as DNA polymerases and repair endonucleases. Initial studies have focused on pyrimidine ring saturation ...

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