UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The Bacillus anthracis Sterne plasmid pXO1 was sequenced by random, “shotgun” cloning. A circular sequence of 181,654 bp was generated. One hundred forty-three open...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

... Weiss, S., D. Kobiler, H. Levy, H. Marcus, A. Pass, N. Rothschild, and Z ... of Bacillus anthracis spores conferred by a protective antigen-based vaccine in rabbits ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Gene arrays containing all currently known open reading frames of Bacillus subtilis were used to examine the general stress response of Bacillus. By proteomics, transcriptional...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Mexico is located in a transition zone between the Nearctic and Neotropical biogeographical regions and contains a rich and unique biodiversity. A total of 496 Bacillus thuringiensis...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We studied the interaction of Pu(VI) with Pseudomonas stutzeri ATCC 17588 and Bacillus sphaericus ATCC 14577, representatives of the main aerobic groups of soil bacteria present in the upper soil layers. The accumulation studies have shown that these soil bacteria accumulate high amounts of Pu(VI). The sorption efficiency toward Pu(VI) decreased with increasing biomass concentration due to increased agglomeration of the bacteria resulting in a decreased total surface area and number of available complexing groups. Spores of Bacillus sphaericus showed a higher biosorption than the vegetative cells at low biomass concentration which decreased significantly with increasing biomass concentration. At higher biomass concentrations (> 0.7 g/L), the vegetative cells of both strains and the spores of B. sphaericus showed comparable sorption efficiencies. Investigations on the pH dependency of the biosorption and extraction ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Amino acid transport in membrane vesicles of Bacillus stearothermophilus was studied. A relatively high concentration of sodium ions is needed for uptake of L-alanine (Kt = 1.0 mM) and L-leucine (Kt...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

A rapid, sensitive, inexpensive in situ hybridization technique, using 30-mer 16S rRNA probes, can

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The speA gene in Bacillus subtilis encodes arginine decarboxylase, which catalyzes the conversion of arginine to agmatine. Arginine decarboxylase is an important enzyme...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The chaperone-encoding groESL and dnaK operons constitute the CIRCE regulon of Bacillus subtilis. Both operons are under negative control of the repressor...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

In the presence of electrochemical energy, several branched-chain neutral and acidic amino acids were found to accumulate in membrane vesicles of Bacillus stearothermophilus. The membrane vesicles contained...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The reaction of iodine with glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Bacillus stearothermophilus was investigated. The active-site thiol group of the cysteine residue homologous with cysteine-149...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The use of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) endotoxins to control insect vectors of human diseases and agricultural pests is threatened by the possible evolution of resistance in major pest...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, which is used worldwide to control Aedes aegypti larvae, produces Cry11Aa and other toxins during...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The alternative sigma factor ς^B of Bacillus subtilis is required for the induction of approximately 100 genes after the imposition of a whole range of stresses and...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

We compared two insecticidal and eight noninsecticidal soil isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis with regard to the solubility of their proteinaceous crystals at alkaline pH values. The...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundBacillus thuringiensis is a bacterium known for producing protein crystals with insecticidal properties. These toxins are widely sought after for controlling...Full Text Available

KoreaScience (Korea)

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British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

This study was conducted to investigate the antibacterial effect of BSAP-254 on Bacillus cereus with the induced stress proteins. The BSAP-254 is an antimicrobial peptide isolated from soybean-fermenting bacteria, Bacillus subtilis SC-8. It had a narrow spectrum of activity against B. cereus group. The growth inhibitory effect of BSAP-254 (50??g/mL) reduced the population of B. cereus from >108 to 104 colony-forming units per milliliter within 30?min. In B. cereus exposed to BSAP-254, 14 intracellular proteins were differentially expressed as determined by 2-DE coupled with MS. Of the differentially expressed proteins identified, the stress protein GroEL, which is heat shock protein, was induced in B. cereus exposed to antibacterial peptide.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The rates of synthesis of a class of both secreted and intracellular degradative enzymes in Bacillus subtilis are controlled by a signal transduction pathway defined by at least four regulatory genes:...Full Text Available

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

In this study, bacterial strains were investigated in order to determine their heavy metal tolerance. The bacterial strains were identified as Bacillus cereus and Bacillus pumilus. In the batch system, the effects of operating variables such as solution pH, initial metal concentration, contact time, and adsorbent dosage were investigated. Both isolates were highly resistance to copper and lead in comparison with the control strain examined. The adsorption capacities of B. cereus and B. pumilus were found to be 22.1mg/g and 28.06mg/g, respectively. The biosorption follows pseudo-second order kinetics and the isotherm fits well to the Langmuir isotherm model. In column experiments, the biosorption was fitted well by the Thomas model. The breakthrough and exhaustion capacity of each biosorben...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Mycolic acids are key cell wall components for the survival, pathogenicity, and antibiotic resistance of the human tubercle bacillus. Although it was thought that Mycobacterium tuberculosis...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The presence of highly heat-resistant spores of Bacillus sporothermodurans in ultrahigh-temperature or sterilized consumer milk has emerged as an important item in the dairy industry....Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

An extracellular polysaccharide was purified from culture supernatants of Paenibacillus jamilae CP-7, a gram-positive bacillus that was isolated from compost prepared with olive mill...Full Text Available

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Bacillus licheniformis ?-glutamyltranspeptidase (BlGGT) undergoes an autocatalytic process to generate 44.9 and 21.7?kDa subunits; however, a mutant protein (T399A) loses completely the processing ability and mainly exists as a precursor. For a comprehensive understanding of their structural features, the biophysical properties of these two proteins were investigated by circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy. Tryptophan fluorescence and circular dichroism spectra were nearly identical for BlGGT and T399A, but unfolding analyses revealed that these two proteins had a different sensitivity towards temperature- and guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl)-induced denaturation. BlGGT and the unprocessed T399A displayed T m values of 61.4?C and 68.1?C, respectively, and thermal unfolding of b...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The present study was performed to investigate the effects of various levels of dietary Bacillus subtilis and chitosan on the growth performance, non-specific immunity and protection against Vibrio harveyi infection in cobia, Rachycentron canadum. Fish were fed with the control diet and six different experimental diets containing three graded levels of B. subtilis at 2 x 10^1^0 CFU g^-^1 (0.0, 1.0, 2.0 g kg^-^1 diet) for each of two levels of chitosan (3.0 and 6.0 g kg^-^1 diet). The results of 8 weeks feeding trial showed that the survival rate ranged from 81.3% to 84.0% with no significant difference (P > 0.05). The SGR (%) in the fish fed with dietary treatments was significantly higher than that of the control fish except diet 6 group with 2.0 g kg^-^1B. subtilis and 3.0 g kg^-^1 chito...

CERN Document Server

The Design of an Interactive Online Help Desk in the Alexandria Digital Library

CERN Document Server

An Introduction to the Standard Theory of Electroweak Interactions (4/4)

CERN Document Server

An Introduction to the Standard Theory of Electroweak Interactions (2/4)

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Abstract Microbiological quality and biophenol content evolution was studied in minimally processed Thassos cv table olives by hot air dehydration under mild conditions (40C, 24-h, aw-=-0.893) and storage under characteristic packaging conditions (vacuum, 100% N2 and air) at 4 and 20C over a period of 180 days. No salt was used in the production line or packaging. The undesirable microorganisms (Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus, Clostridium) were undetectable until the end of the storage period. Also, modified atmospheres prevented fungal growth at both temperatures apart from the samples stored in air, in which Penicillium and Aspergillus spp. were identified. At 20C, a coexistence of mesophilic bacteria and yeasts occurred. At 4C, yeasts were the predominant microflora...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

We describe a simple one-pot thermal decomposition method for the production of a stable colloidal suspension of narrowly dispersed superparamagnetic Fe3O4-Ag core-shell nanostructures. These biocompatible nanostructures are highly toxic to microorganisms. Antimicrobial activity studies were carried out on both Gram negative (Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris) and Gram positive (Bacillus megaterium and Staphylococcus aureus) bacterial strains. Efforts have been made to understand the underlying molecular mechanism of such antibacterial actions. The effect of the core-shell nanostructures on Gram negative strains was found to be better than that observed for silver nanoparticles. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of these nanostructures were found to be considerably lowe...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

A number of aerobic species capable of decolorizing some of the dyes in a textile mill effluent were isolated. One of the isolates was able to decolorize Terasil black dye under aerobic conditions in the presence of an exogenous carbon source after 5 days. Glucose or starch (%1 ea) are essential for decolorization but the process proceeds faster in the presence of 0.5% yeast extract. Results of the BOD5 show that the untreated effluent samples have a low BOD value, whereas treated samples show an initial increase in BOD up to 15 days followed by a decrease after 20 days. FT-IR and GC-MS data also reveal that the initial components in the untreated effluent disappear after 20 days of treatment, confirming biodegradation of the dye. Phytotoxicity tests on the untreated effluent samples using...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

No abstract prepared.

Science.gov (United States)

Kong-Ming Wu (Corresponding author) The application of recombinant DNA technology has resulted in many insect-resistant varieties by genetic engineering (GE). Crops expressing Cry toxins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been planted worldwide, and are an effective tool for pest control. However, one ecological concern regarding the potential effects of insect-resistant GE plants on non-target organisms (NTOs) has been continually debated. In the present study, we briefly summarize the data regarding the development and commercial use of transgenic Bt varieties, elaborate on the procedure and methods for assessing the non-target effects of insect-resistant GE plants, and synthetically analyze the related research results, mostly those published between 2005 and 2010. A mass of laboratory and field studies have shown that the currently available Bt crops have no direct detrimental effects on NTOs due to their narrow spectrum of activity, and Bt crops are ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The study of interaction of tachyons with superluminal electromagnetic fields has been undertaken and it has been shown that the energy of this interaction is similar to that of bradyons with ordinary electromagnetic fields except that the roles of virtual and longitudinal parts are interchanged. It has also been shown that the interaction of tachyons with superluminal electromagnetic fields in time-energy representation is identical to the interaction of bradyons with ordinary electromagnetic fields in space-momentum representation. (author).

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Materials and MethodsThe genomic effects of tumor-endothelial interactions in cancer are not yet well characterized. To study this interaction in breast...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

In the CNS, there are widespread and diverse interactions between growth factors and estrogen. Here we examine the interactions of estrogen and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), two...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Strong-interaction effects have been observed in the x-ray spectra of atoms formed with [Sigma][sup [minus

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

A remarkable aspect of the interaction of Cryptococcus neoformans with mammalian hosts is a consistent increase in capsule volume. Given...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

We present interactive computer programs for the analysis of nucleic acid sequences. In order to handle these programs, minimum computer experience is sufficient. The nucleotide sequence of the human...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... momentum transfer propagator scattering scattering amplitudes strong

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Science.gov (United States)

The thermal evolution predicted by current models of the superfluid-crust interaction is noted to

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Udgivelsesdato: 1988-Jul

Medline Plus

... parent groups that are wonderful and lots of networking and a lot of interactions between the foundations, ...

KoreaScience (Korea)

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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Extending the usual endpoint and midpoint interactions, we introduce numerous kinds of interactions, labelled by a parameter lambda and obtain a non-commutative and associative string field algebra by adding up all interactions. With this algebra we develop a covariant open bosonic string field theory, which reduces to Witten's open bosonic string field theory under a special string length choice.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We present our plans for a Monte-Carlo code simulating all possible combinations of (electromagnetic) interactions between colliding electron, positron, and both high-energy and laser photon beams, based on the ABEL code for beam-beam interaction. The implementation and first results for the laser-e{sup -} interaction are described. ((orig.)).

Science.gov (United States)

Not Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Off-shell interactions for localized closed-string tachyons in C/Z{sub N} superstring backgrounds are analyzed and a conjecture for the effective height of the tachyon potential is elaborated. At large N, some of the relevant tachyons are nearly massless and their interactions can be deduced from the S-matrix. The cubic interactions between these tachyons and the massless fields are computed in a closed form using orbifold CFT techniques. The cubic interaction between nearly-massless tachyons with different charges is shown to vanish and thus condensation of one tachyon does not source the others. It is shown that to leading order in N, the quartic contact interaction vanishes and the massless exchanges completely account for the four point scattering amplitude. This indicates that it is necessary to go beyond quartic interactions or to include other fields to ...

CERN Document Server

Event generators that handle neutrino-nucleon interaction have been developed for the FLUKA code [1]. In earlier FLUKA versions only quasi-elastic (QEL) interactions were included, and the code relied on external event generators for the resonance (RES) and deep inelastic scattering (DIS). The new DIS+RES event generator is fully integrated in FLUKA and uses the same hadronization routines as those used for simulating hadron-nucleon interactions. Nuclear effects in neutrino-nucleus interactions are simulated within the same framework as in the FLUKA hadron-nucleus interaction model (PEANUT), thus profiting from its detailed physics modelling and longstanding benchmarking. The generators are available in the standard FLUKA distribution. They are presently under development and several improvements are planned to be implemented. The physics relevant to the neutrino-nucleon ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We study the characteristics of cyclotron wave-particle interaction in a typical hydrogen plasma. The numerical calculations of minimum resonant energy Emin, resonant wave frequency ?, and pitch angle diffusion coefficient D?? for interactions between R-mode/L-mode and electrons/protons are presented. It is found that Emin decreases with ? for R-mode/electron, L-mode/proton and L-mode/electron interactions, but increase with ? for R-mode/proton interaction. It is shown that both R-mode and L-mode waves can efficiently scatter energetic (10 keV-100 keV) electrons and protons and cause precipitation loss at L=4, indicating that perhaps wave-particle interaction is a serious candidate for the ring current decay. (authors)

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

In addition to the well documented role of cytokines in mediating tissue-level interactions, it is now clear that matrix macromolecules fulfil a complementary regulatory function. Data highlighted in...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Interactions between presynaptic and postsynaptic cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs) drive synapse maturation during development. These trans-synaptic interactions are regulated by alternative splicing...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

We describe the interactions of two benzimidazole derivatives, astemizole (AST) and lansoprazole (LNS), with anomalous aggregates of tau protein (neurofibrillary tangles). Interestingly, these...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Phenazines are redox-active small molecules that play significant roles in the interactions between pseudomonads and diverse eukaryotes, including fungi. When Pseudomonas aeruginosa...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The Salmonella PmrA-PmrB system controls the expression of genes necessary for polymyxin B resistance. Four loci were previously identified as part of the regulon, and interaction of...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundGenetic interactions within hybrids influence their overall fitness. Understanding the details of these interactions can improve our understanding of speciation. One experimental...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

External application of auxin and cytokinin is required for the formation of flower buds on thin-layer tissue explants of Nicotiana tabacum cv Samsun. Interaction between both plant...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The C1 fixation test is widely used for the study of the interaction between immunoglobulins, their fragments and the complement system. Some factors influencing the apparent extent of the C1 fixation...Full Text Available

CERN Document Server

A pedagogical introduction to the equivalence theorem for longitudinal vector bosons in electroweak theories is given and the problem of tree-level unitarity at high energies in models of electroweak interactions is briefly reviewed. To make the treatment self-containded, the basic of the Standard Model are summarized in an appendix.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Detectors for a photon-photon collider are envisaged using as guide-lines the physics goals and the interaction point environment. Production of SUSY Higgs scalar and pseudo-scalar is emphasized. Some aspects of the interaction point environment are discussed. ((orig.)).

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundPolyethyleneimine (PEI), which can interact with negatively charged DNA through electrostatic interaction to form nanocomplexes, has been widely attempted to use as a gene...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundBrains interact with the world through actions that are implemented by sensory and motor processes. A substantial part of these interactions consists in synchronized goal-directed...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The carboxyl-terminal region of tubulin alpha and beta subunits plays a major role in regulating its assembly into microtubules and constitutes an essential domain for the selective interaction of microtubule-associated...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Algebraic properties of the analytical model, describing electro-magnetic weak interaction with the two-level system with two-fold degenerate state are considered. The expressions for the coherent states and Green function of the system are obtained.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Risoe`s 40th anniversary was celebrated June 3, 1998 by a symposium held at Risoe. The interaction of research at Risoe with academia and industry was presented in both national and international perspective. Most of the presentations are in English, a few in Danish. (au)

Wastenet

The industrial revolution changed the pattern of human interaction with nature profoundly.Not only did social metabolism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... fermions interacting boson model molybdenum 101 neutron-rich isotopes

Science.gov (United States)

... Abstract : MANY THIN FILM ACOUSTO-OPTIC INTERACTION EXPERIMENTS FOR ... CONVERTERS, AND FOR FAST SWITCHES HAVE BEEN ...

Science.gov (United States)

... 15, 14, Robert Constable, Cornell University, NY, Building Interactive Digital Libraries of Formal Algorithmic Knowledge, Navy. ...

Science.gov (United States)

... interactive surfaces and interfaces, and 3) the more complex a ... carbonate or calcium phosphate with a thin interface ... diameter) for nerve prosthesis. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Synaptobrevin is a synaptic vesicle protein that has an essential role in exocytosis and forms the SNARE complex with syntaxin and SNAP-25. We have analyzed the structure of isolated synaptobrevin and its binary interaction with syntaxin using NMR spectroscopy. Our results demonstrate that isolated synaptobrevin is largely unfolded in solution. The entire SNARE motif of synaptobrevin is capable of interacting with the isolated C-terminal SNARE motif of syntaxin but only a few residues bind to the full-length cytoplasmic region of syntaxin. This result suggests an interaction between the N- and C-terminal regions of syntaxin that competes with core complex assembly.

Science.gov (United States)

PMID:21910487

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The interactions of flavonoid, quercetin with sodium dodecyl sulfate (anionic surfactant) and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (cationic surfactant) micelles were investigated. The average location site of quercetin in different micelles was determined by the cyclic voltammetry method with the aid of molecular optimization. The interaction parameters of quercetin with micelles of different charges such as binding constant K and normal binding energy DG were calculated. Furthermore, the morphologic change of the SDS and CTAB spherical micelles and rod-like micelles upon their interaction with quercetin was also observed.

Indian Institute of Science Theses & Dissertations (India)

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Science.gov (United States)

Information Technology Glossary of Terms. Applets: Programs that run inside net browsers, usually in Java and typically involving modestly interactive ...

Medline Plus

... the nature of DNA testing. 07:56 - President / CEO of a Biotechnology / Pharmaceutical Company - Sherri Bale President ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Inelastically scattered neutron spectra and angular distributions measured for a number of nuclei at the 9.1 and 14.4 MeV incident neutron energies are fitted well as a sum of neutron evaporation spectrum and the direct interaction part. For the last one the practical scheme of parametrization based on direct interaction theory is presented. The relative contribution of direct interactions in double differential cross sections and parameters of neutron evaporation spectra have been evaluated. All results have a simple physical interpretation and may be useful at interpolating of data in a wide energy interval.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Properties of unique parity states in odd-proton (_7_7Ir, _7_9Au) and odd-neutron nuclei (_7_8Pt) are investigated in the framework of the interacting boson-fermion approximation model. The core (boson)-particle (fermion) interaction is represented by a quadrupole-quadrupole interaction and an exchange term, which takes into account the effects of the Pauli exclusion principle. The even-even core nucleus is described in terms of the IBA-1 hamiltonian. The change in the properties of the corresponding odd-A nuclei can be interpreted in terms of a transition of the core hamiltonian between the O(6) and SU(3) limiting cases. (orig.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The thermal decrease of the order parameter can empirically be described by a single T{sup {epsilon}} power law with an exponent {epsilon} which depends on the dimensionality of the magnetic interactions and on whether the spin quantum number is integral or half-integral. We present experimental examples in which the order parameter shows a crossover between different T{sup {epsilon}} power laws as a function of temperature. This indicates that the magnetic interactions can change their dimensionality as a function of temperature. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Although silicosis has been studied extensively, the mechanism is still not fully understood. Experiments do provide evidence that the actions of unique properties of silica surface on the cell membrane are the starting point of silicotic processes. This paper summarizes literature on chemical properties of silica surface, and the effect of particle size on silica toxicity. This paper also discusses the ways in which silica dusts are though to interact with the cell membrane, with emphasis on freshness, hydrogen bonding, and free-radical interactions.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

I propose that an interpretation of the interaction of noble gas atoms with metal surfaces as predominantly physisorbing provides the best explanation for the systematics of their binding energies and surface dipoles, as well as for the tendency of noble gas atoms to bind in low coordinated sites. In the present context physisorption is defined as a process driven by the overlap of the electrostatic atomic potentials of the interacting species. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We report on large-scale applications of the ab initio, no-core shell model with the primary goal of achieving an accurate description of nuclear structure from the fundamental inter-nucleon interactions. In particular, we show that realistic two-nucleon interactions are inadequate to describe the low-lying structure of {sup 10}B, and that realistic three-nucleon interactions are essential.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Recent observations of the evolutionary properties of paired and interacting galaxies are reviewed, with special emphasis on their global emission properties and star formation rates. Data at several wavelengths provide strong confirmation of the hypothesis, proposed originally by Larson and Tinsley, that interactions trigger global bursts of star formation in galaxies. The nature and properties of the starbursts, and their overall role in galactic evolution are also discussed.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Interaction of drilling fluids with a geothermal reservoir formation can result in significant permeability impairment and therefore reduced well productivity. This interaction is studied under simulated in situ geothermal conditions of overburden stress, pore fluid pressure, temperature, and pore fluid chemistry. Permeability impairment of an East Mesa KGRA reservoir material is evaluated as a function of stagnation time, drilling fluid, and temperature. Results indicate that all of these parameters contribute significantly to the magnitude and the reversibility of the impairment.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We have studied freshly prepared lysozyme solutions in heavy water for two NaCl concentrations as a function of temperature. Lysozyme solubilities in this solvent are determined by static light scattering. By small angle neutron scattering, we evidence that interactions between lysozyme molecules are characterized by a second virial coefficient A{sub 2} whether the solution is under-saturated or supersaturated. From the variation of A{sub 2} as a function of temperature we have evaluated the enthalpy corresponding to the interaction between lysozyme molecules. We show that the interactions between protein molecules are higher in heavy water than in light water. (authors). 13 refs., 3 figs.

CERN Document Server

We investigate the effect of the intrinsic spin of a fundamental spinor field on the surrounding spacetime geometry. We show that despite the lack of a rotating stress-energy source (and despite claims to the contrary) the intrinsic spin of a spin-half fermion gives rise to a frame-dragging effect analogous to that of orbital angular momentum, even in Einstein-Hilbert gravity where torsion is constrained to be zero. This resolves a paradox regarding the counter-force needed to restore Newton's third law in the well known spin-orbit interaction. In addition, the frame-dragging effect gives rise to a {\\it long-range} gravitationally mediated spin-spin dipole interaction coupling the {\\it internal} spins of two sources. We argue that despite the weakness of the interaction, the spin-spin interaction will dominate over the ordinary inverse square Newtonian interaction in any process ...

Science.gov (United States)

This article reports research findings related to converging formats, media, practices, and ideas in the process of academics' interaction with electronic texts during a research project. The findings are part of the results of a study that explored interactions of scholars in literary and historical studies with electronic texts as primary materials. Electronic texts were perceived by the study participants as fluid entities because the electronic environment promotes seamless interactions with a variety of media and formats. Working with electronic texts combines some traditional information and research practices into new patterns of information behavior. The practice called "netchaining" combines aspects of networking with information-seeking practices to establish and shape online information chains, which link sources and people. Different forms of exploration of participants' research questions were enabled by ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The weak interaction between neutrons and protons has never been resolved experimentally. In analogy with the strong NN interaction, the weak NN interaction at low energy can be parametrized in terms of a meson exchange model with parity violating meson-nucleon couplings. Unlike the measured proton-proton weak interaction, the neutron-proton weak interaction is sensitive to the weak pion-nucleon coupling constant H{sub {pi}}{sup 1}. This coupling, which is responsible for the longest-ranged part of the weak NN interaction and is therefore an essential part of any description of weak interactions in nuclei, remains undetermined despite many years of effort. A measurement of the gamma ray directional asymmetry A{sub {gamma}} in the capture of polarized neutrons by parahydrogen has been proposed at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The goal of ...

Science.gov (United States)

In drug development, Caco-2 cells are often employed to study the influence of membrane transporters on drug permeability. The aim of the current study was to characterize permeability and kinetic parameters of selected organic anionic compounds in Caco-2 cells, and to investigate whether the Caco-2 cell line may be used as an overall model to predict interactions on multiple membrane transporters in the intestine. Taurocholic acid (TCA) and estrone-3-sulfate (E(1) S) were used as model substrates. Possible inhibitors studied were TCA, E(1) S, taurolithocholic acid, fluvastatin, and glipizide. The effects of these compounds on initial uptake, apparent permeability, and intracellular end-point accumulations of the probe substrates were studied. Both interactions on apical and basolateral influx transporters were observed. These interactions were proposed to be mediated mainly by the apical sodium-dependent bile acid ...

CERN Document Server

Computers have a direct impact on our lives nowadays. Human's interaction with the computer has modified with the passage of time as improvement in technology occurred the better the human computer interaction became. Today we are facilitated by the operating system that has reduced all the complexity of hardware and we undergo our computation in a very convenient way irrespective of the process occurring at the hardware level. Though the human computer interaction has improved but it's not done yet. If we come to the future the computer's role in our lives would be a lot more rather our life would be of the artificial intelligence. In our future the biggest resource would be component of time and wasting time for a key board entry or a mouse input would be unbearable so the need would be of the computer interaction environment that along with the complexity reduction also minimizes the time wastage in ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We present a study of the interaction between Josephson junctions in circular superconducting rings and non-classical microwaves, treating both quantum mechanically. A Hamiltonian that describes both inductive and capacitive coupling between the two systems is derived within the external field approximation. Other Hamiltonians which go beyond the external field approximation, and describe explicitly the interaction of the quantum circuit that produces the non-classical microwaves with the Josephson junction circuit, are also presented. A comparison between current experiments which use classical electromagnetic fields and the proposed experiments that use non-classical microwaves, is made. (orig.) With 6 figs., 32 refs.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Using U-120 cyclotron in the course of correlation experiment one studied mechanisms of excitation and decay of "1"2C nucleus states resulting from irradiation of deuterium-polyethylene target by 27.2 MeV energy #alpha#-particle beam via recording of #alpha#-#alpha#-coincidence simultaneously with investigations of #alpha# + d-interactions. Production of "1"2C excited states decaying with the escape of #alpha#-particle and "8Be nucleus in the ground and the excited states is the basic mechanism of the studied #alpha# + "1"2C interaction

CERN Document Server

In aqueous solutions, dissolved ions interact strongly with the surrounding water, thereby modifying the solution properties in an ion-specific manner. These ion-hydration interactions can be accounted for theoretically on a mean-field level by including phenomenological terms in the free energy that correspond to the most dominant ion-specific interactions. Minimizing this free energy leads to modified Poisson-Boltzmann equations with appropriate boundary conditions. Here, we review how this strategy has been used to predict some of the ways ion-specific effects can modify the forces acting within and between charged interfaces immersed in salt solutions.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Various particle-photon or beam-wave interactions are discussed. To be of use as intense radiation sources, it is necessary that these interactions produce coherent radiation. The free electron laser (FEL), developed on the basis of undulator radiation, is the result of many years of interaction between physics and technology. It has many features, such as continuous tunability over a wide wavelength range, excellent optical quality, high power and short pulse capability, and thus has many potential applications. FEL development in China and abroad are mentioned and the Beijing FEL presented to illustrate the physics and technology involved in an FEL project.

CERN Document Server

No magnetic monopoles were found in 2.5*10/sup 18/ primary proton- aluminium interactions produced by exposing an aluminium target to the Fermilab 300 GeV/c proton beam. Negative searches have also resulted from exposures of material to electrons at SLAC and from pp interactions at the CERN-ISR. The monopole pair production probability in proton-nucleon collisions is shown to be of order 10/sup -18/ or less, with 95% confidence level, if monopoles have masses less than 12 GeV. (24 refs).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Electrostatic plasma simulation code for 2D rectangular geometry is presented. Main distinguishing feature of the code is its orientation on the beam-plasma interaction. The code and its graphical interface were developed using MATLAB programming language. Simulation results of inhomogeneous plasma interaction with modulated electron beams of different width are compared. In case of wide beam the front of Langmuir waves generated in point of local plasma resonance is planar and in case of thin beam (or ribbon beam) the front has approximately half-circular form.

Science.gov (United States)

Engine flow simulation was provided by four separately mounted air ejectors connected to a high-pressure air supply. The engine nacelle center lines were ...

CERN Document Server

Monopolar charge disorder effects are studied in the context of fluctuation-induced interactions between neutral dielectric slabs. It is shown that quenched bulk charge disorder gives rise to an additive contribution to the net interaction force which decays as the inverse distance between dielectric surfaces. This effect may thus completely mask the standard Casimir--van der Waals effect. By contrast, annealed (bulk or surface) charge disorder leads to a net interaction force whose large-distance behavior coincides with the universal Casimir force between perfect conductors, which scales as inverse cubic distance, and the dielectric properties enter only in subleading corrections.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

... ammonium compounds antigen-antibody reactions hemoglobin inhibition

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

SUMMARYTestosterone and estrogen are essential for male behaviors in vertebrates. How these two signaling pathways interact to control masculinization of the brain and behavior...Full Text Available

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Interactions between cationic dye-cationic surfactant and anionic dye-cationic surfactant systems were investigated in aqueous solutions using spectrophotometric method at 288.15, 298.15, 308.15 and 318.15K. C.I. Basic Red 9 (BR9) and C.I. Acid Blue 25 (AB25) were used as cationic and anionic dyes, respectively, and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMABr) was selected as cationic surfactant in this study. Although there was an interaction between the AB25 and the HDTMABr molecules, an interaction between the BR9 and HDTMABr did not occur due to the electrostatic repulsion forces. Binding constants and partition coefficients between the micellar and the bulk water phases for the AB25-HDTMABr system were calculated from the changes in absorbance values and the critical micelle concentra...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

English 2009 p. 161-162 Brazil Paula, Viviane Silva de Almeida, Fabio

Science.gov (United States)

... and R. L. Momparler. DNA methylation of retinoic acid receptor beta in breast cancer and possible therapeutic role of ... ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Human exposure to environmental chemicals is most correctly characterized as exposure to mixtures of these agents. The metals/metalloids, lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As), are among the leading toxic agents detected in the environment. Exposure to these elements, particularly at chronic low dose levels, is still a major public health concern. Concurrent exposure to Pb, Cd, or As may produce additive or synergistic interactions or even new effects that are not seen in single component exposures. Evaluating these interactions on a mechanistic basis is essential for risk assessment and management of metal/metalloid mixtures. This paper will review a number of individual studies that addressed interactions of these metals/metalloids in both experimental and human exposure studies with...

Science.gov (United States)

... The development of various modeling methods for conventional eddy current probes (absolute, differential, two-port, etc.) has led to a general ...

Science.gov (United States)

... interacting systems in which common-envelope evolutionary effects make it hard to generalize the results to single-star evolution, although they ...

Science.gov (United States)

By Charles E. Watkins. 2458. An Instrument Employing a Coronal Discharge for ..... Grover, W. S. Hyler, and L. R. Jackson. 2640. Interaction of Column and ...

Science.gov (United States)

Page 1. USAFSAM-TR-89-1 AD-A221 893 ... Dr. Johnathan L. Kiel (USAFSAM/RZP) was the Laboratory Project Scientist-in-Charge. ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

This report presents findings from the first year of a two-year study of interactive efforts involving utilities and non-utility parties (NUPS) working together to prepare plans, develop Demand-Side Management (DSM) programs, or otherwise promote integrated planning and the use of cost-effective DSM measures. Of the ten cases covered in the current study, seven involved the collaborative approach to NUP involvement, which generally is marked by intensive utility-NUP interactions designed to reach consensus on a broad range of important issues; in collaboratives, outside consultants often are provided to enhance the technical capabilities of the NUPS. Another of the cases in this study involved a cooperative arrangement,'' whereby a utility and a NLT worked together in a focused short-term effort to develop a single DSM program. The intense interaction involved in this approach makes it very similar to a ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundIt is well established that Legionella pneumophila is a waterborne pathogen; by contrast, the mode of Helicobacter pylori transmission...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The tetrapeptide KDEL is commonly found at the C terminus of soluble proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and it contributes to their localization by interacting with a receptor that recycles...Full Text Available

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The diversity of ectoparasites in Southeast Asia and flea-host associations remain largely understudied. We explore specialization and interaction patterns of fleas infesting non-volant small mammals in Bornean rainforests, using material from a field survey carried out in two montane localities in northwestern Borneo (Sabah, Malaysia) and from a literature database of all available interactions in both lowland and montane forests. A total of 234 flea individuals collected during our field survey resulted in an interaction network of eight flea species on seven live-captured small mammal species. The interaction network from all compiled studies currently includes 15 flea species and 16 small mammal species. Host specificity and niche partitioning of fleas infesting diurnal treeshrews and ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

IntroductionThe elimination of microorganisms from the root canal system necessitates the use of combination of irrigating solutions to enhance their antimicrobial property. The combination of irrigants and their interaction sometimes could be detrimental to the outcome of the root canal therapy. The purposes of this study were (1) to evaluate the interaction between 7% maleic acid (MA) and 2% chlorhexidine gluconate solution (CHX) and to find out the availability of individual irrigant and (2) to determine the free available chlorine content when 7% MA was mixed with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution. MethodsInteraction between MA and CHX was assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Available chlorine content in NaOCl was evaluated by the standard iodine/thiosulfate tit...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

By assuming that not only counter-ions but DNA molecules as well are thermally distributed according to a Boltzmann law, we propose a modified Poisson-Boltzmann equation, at the classical level, as a starting point to compute the effects of quantum fluctuations of the electric field on the interaction among DNA-cation complexes. The latter are modeled here as infinite one-dimensional wires (?-functions). Our goal is to single out such quantum-vacuum-driven interaction from the counterion-induced and water-related interactions. We obtain a universal, frustration-free Casimir-like (codimension 2) interaction that extensive numerical analysis show to be a good candidate to explain the formation and stability of DNA aggregates. Such Casimir energy is computed for a variety of configurations of...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

In natural ecosystems, hundreds of species typically share the same environment and are connected by a dense network of interactions such as predation or competition for resources. Much is known about...Full Text Available

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Summary 1.-Plant-plant interactions fluctuate between competition and facilitation depending upon ecological conditions and species traits. Facilitative interactions are expected to increase in frequency via associational defences with increasing consumer pressure. The ability of species to cope with competition and/or ecological stressors may alter the outcome of plant-plant interactions. 2.-We conducted a transplant experiment to determine if native and non-native grasses and forbs respond similarly to interactions with Juncus effusus L., an unpalatable benefactor species, along a grazing intensity gradient in two contrasting pasture types: intensively managed and semi-natural. We expected competitive taller, erect species (grasses) and non-natives to obtain stronger facilitative effects...

Science.gov (United States)

Interactions (FCCI) University of Wisconsin, Madison Thermal Properties of LiCl-KCl Molten Salt for Nuclear Waste Separation University of Wisconsin, Madison Next Generation...

Science.gov (United States)

... We considered spontaneous radiation of quanta and acoustic phonons (both due to deformational and piezoelectric electron-phonon interaction ...

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In vitro cytocompatibility and cellular interactions of lauric acid and dextran-coated magnetite nanoparticles were evaluated with two different cell lines (mouse fibroblast and human cervical carcinoma). Lauric acid-coated magnetite nanoparticles were less cytocompatible than dextran-coated magnetite nanoparticles and cellular uptake of lauric acid-coated magnetic nanoparticles was more than that of dextran-coated magnetite nanoparticles. Lesser cytocompatibility and higher uptake of lauric acid-coated magnetite nanoparticles as compared to dextran-coated magnetic nanoparticles may be due to different cellular interactions by coating material. Thus, coating plays an important role in modulation of biocompatibility and cellular interaction of magnetic nanoparticles.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The hair follicle develops from the primitive embryonic epidermis as a result of complex epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. The full follicle, consisting of epithelial cylinders under control of a...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

... end-to-end TCP connection from the hybrid terminal ... peculiar to self-similar stochastic processes, ... Queue First (MDQF) schemes are employed at the ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The mutualistic interaction of plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is characterized by an exchange of nutrients. The plant provides sugars in the form of hexoses to the heterotrophic fungus...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

believe the system is similar to the face-on spiral and companion known as M51, the Whirlpool Galaxy. Tomorrow's picture: Sleeping Beauty < Archive | Index | Search | Calendar |...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The neutron star parameters in the model extended by the inclusion of #delta# meson and additional nonlinear vector meson interactions are studied.

Science.gov (United States)

We study a kinetic model for a system of two species of particles interacting via a repulsive long range potential and with a reservoir at fixed temperature. The interaction between the particles is modeled by a Vlasov term and the thermal bath by a Fokker-Planck term. We show that in the diffusive and sharp interface limit the motion of the interfaces at low temperature is described by a Stefan problem or a Mullins-Sekerka motion, depending on the time scale.

Environmental Research Database

DescriptionThis project investigates in silico the interactive consequences of breeding for parasite resistance and nutritional environment on livestock productivity. The thesis of the work is that conflicting evidence regarding the consequences of breeding for parasite resistance arises from the failure to consider the interactions between host genetics and nutritional environment. Starting with a framework that accounts for the consequences of host nutrition on the development of parasitism, we will (1 [continued...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Model phosphate-metal solvation complexes have been studied by ab-initio self-consistent-field techniques. The complexes studied include (RO)2PO2-(R = H or CH3) with Li+, Na+, K+, Be++, Mg++, Ca++,...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A study has been made of the interaction between graphitized thermal carbon-black and cyclodextrins and a series of 28 derivatives of benzene (benzene, alkyl-, isoalkyl-, dialkyl-, trialkylbenzenes, vinyl-, and allyl-benzene). The specific retention volumes form the basis for a discussion of the mechanism of interaction and drawing conclusions for the practical separation of isomeric compounds. (orig.).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The radial distribution function and the second virial coefficient of interacting bosons have been studied. The second virial coefficient has been deduced theoretically and is in good agreement with experimental values. The third virial coefficient has been calculated from the experimental values of the pressure. (Auth.).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pile foundations are extensively used to support off-shore and on-shore structures. Under dynamic loads, the behavior of single pile is well understood. However the soil-pile-soil interaction studies are confusing, on which account the analyses do not necessarily predict response of the systems which may match satisfactorily with the performances. In this paper, the nature of dynamic loads is described, and solutions for soil-pile and pile-soil-pile interaction solutions by several authors are presented and a critical evaluation is made.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We study two correlated electrons in a nearest-neighbour tight-binding chain, with both on-site and nearest-neighbour interaction. Both the cases of parallel and antiparallel spin are considered. In addition to the free electron band for two electrons, there are correlated bands with positive or negative energy, depending on whether the interaction parameters are repulsive or attractive. Electrons form bound states, with amplitudes that decay exponentially with separation. Conditions for such states to be filled at low temperatures are discussed.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

As a part of a phenomenological model, a method for simulating the wall/jet interaction in a direct injection diesel engine is proposed. The method is based on the application of the momentum conservation equation in the different directions in which the wall jet is spread, and takes into account both the interaction with the combustion chamber geometry and with swirl. It takes as initial conditions the results of calculating the free jet, which is divided into packages. The predictions provide good agreement with those by other researchers. (author).

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Calculating the local spectral densities at magnetic adatoms, we estimate the variation in the Yosida-Kondo resonance due to the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) interaction and the direct exchange between adatoms in systems of magnetic trimers on metal surfaces. The results show that the RKKY interaction leads to the gradual variation in Kondo temperature, and the direct exchange can be the origin of the drastic variation. (author)

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Interactions of myristic acid with bovine serum albumin were studied by 13C NMR spectroscopy at 50.3 MHz using 90% isotopically substituted [1-13C]-, [3-13C]-, and [14-13C]myristic acids, either individually...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In the present paper, a possible interaction region layout of the VLEPP based Photon Linear Collider (PLC) with ultimate luminosity is discussed. In order to remove spent electron beams, the crab-crossing scheme is used. The detector is protected from produced pairs and secondary particles by means of the detector magnetic field and a shielding mask. ((orig.)).

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Transonic flows with heat addition due to condensation are important to many technical applications, e.g. to the last stages of large steam turbines, where nucleation and droplet formation become important. Our current research concentrates on the interaction of vortex shedding with condensation in turbines and on rotor/stator interaction in nucleating flows. Both phenomena lead to a significant change of the condensate mass and the droplet radius distribution in the downstream two-phase flow regime. (orig.)

CERN Document Server

Assuming the gluon field is well approximated by instanton configurations we derive a light quarks determinant and calculate its contribution to the specific heavy quarks correlators -- namely, the heavy quark propagator and heavy quark-aniquark correlator, receiving the instanton generated light-heavy quarks interaction terms contributions. With these knowledge we calculate the light quark contribution to the interaction between heavy quarks, which might be essential for the properties of a few heavy quarks systems.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Differential host-pathogen interactions direct viral replication in infected cells. In HIV-1 infected cells, nuclear export of viral RNA transcripts into cellular cytoplasm is governed by interaction...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Following a postulated meltdown accident, the integrity of containment building structural material under attack by hot molten core debris and the safeguard of environment against radiological releases constitutes the final line of defense in PAHR safety assessment. Such assessment requires a good knowledge of UO/sub 2//interaction and penetration with different types of concrete. The present study focuses on the phenomena associated with core debris interaction/penetration with substrate basalt concrete.

Science.gov (United States)

The state of chromatin during the cell cycle was examined using synchronized cultures of CHO hamster cells. Results support Mazia's dynamic chromosome cycle model and indicate that DNA-interactive chemotherapeutic agents elicit different types of kinetic responses in treated cells, suggesting a degree of specificity of interaction between various alkylating and intercalating agents and the genome. Effects of sarkosyl crystals, heparin, and chemotherapeutic agents, neocarzinostatin and adriamycin, on chromation are discussed. (HLW)

CERN Document Server

We consider a simple model of d families of scalar field interacting with geometry in two dimensions. The geometry is locally flat and has only global degrees of freedom. When d0 it collapses to a one dimensional manifold. The model has some, but not all, of the characteristics believed to be features of the full theory of conformal matter interacting with quantum gravity which has local geometric degrees of freedom.

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The decays of charmed mesons into two body nonleptonic final states are investigated. Weak interaction amplitudes of interest in these decays are extracted from lattice four-point correlation functions using a effective weak Hamiltonian including effects to order G{sub f} in the weak interactions yet containing effects to all orders in the strong interactions. The lattice calculation allows a quantitative examination of non-spectator processes in charm decays helping to elucidate the role of effects such as color coherence, final state interactions and the importance of the so called weak annihilation process. For D {yields} K{pi}, we find that the non-spectator weak annihilation diagram is not small, and we interpret this as evidence for large final state interactions. Moreover, there is indications of a resonance in the isospin {1/2} channel to which the weak annihilation process ...

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When a metallic alloy is quenched into a miscibility gap, a mixture of two phases develops, whose domain structure then coarsens because of the interfacial energy between the two phases. This spatial arrangement of the domains and the rate at which they evolve may be strongly influenced by elastic interactions. In a recent paper, the authors described a method for simulating the effect of anisotropic elastic interactions in a two-dimensional Ising model of a cubic alloy, using Kawasaki dynamics with the elastic interactions represented by a long-range two-body interaction potential. Here they present the results of such simulations at various temperatures, alloy compositions and misfits (by misfit they mean the difference in size between the two kinds of atom), exhibiting snapshots both of the microscopic configurations (corresponding to experimental measurements using transmission electron microscopy) ...

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Carbon supported catalysts can lose their activity over a period of time due to the sintering of the nanometer-sized catalyst particles. The sintering of metal clusters on carbon supports can occur due to the weak interaction between the metal and the support and also due to the corrosion of carbon, especially in fuel cell electrocatalysts. The sintering may be reduced by increasing the interaction between the metal and the support and also by increasing the corrosion resistance of carbon supports. In an effort to mitigate the growth of the nanoparticles, carbon-substituted boron defects were introduced in the carbon lattice. The interaction between the Pt nanoparticles on the pure and boron-doped carbon supports was examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicate that the interaction between the Pt nanoparticles and the boron-doped carbon support was slightly stronger than ...

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

With the increase of cross-Strait economic activity, the interaction between Taiwanese business people and the Chinese government has gradually changed. As Taiwanese investment grew in volume, so did the number and frequency of contacts between the parties; a more institutionalised form regulating these contacts was established as a result. Nowadays Taiwanese businessmen have become an identifiable factor in Chinese governmental policy implementation; the process also has far-reaching implications. This paper argues that Taiwanese capital has become a Chinese governmental security asset and examines the importance of this factor when discussing conventional government/business interaction. This paper concludes that a superior national interest guides the warm welcome given by the Chinese g...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Using the operator approach we reexamine the two-dimensional model describing a massive Fermi field interacting via derivative couplings with two massless Bose fields, one scalar and the other pseudoscalar. Performing a canonical transformation on the Bose field algebra, the Fermi field operator is written in terms of the Mandelstam soliton operator and the derivative-coupling (DC) model is mapped into the massive Thirring model with two vector-current-scalar-derivative interactions (Schroer-Thirring model). The DC model with massless fermions can be mapped into the massless Rothe-Stamatescu model with a Thirring interaction (massless Rothe-Stamatescu-Thirring model). Within the present approach the weak equivalence between the fermionic sector of the DC model and the massive Thirring model is exhibited compactly.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

The small-angle X-ray scattering technique was used to determine the intermolecular structure and interaction potentials in oxi-and deoxi-hemoglobin solutions. The pair correlation function obtained by the ZERNICKE-PRINS equation characterizes the intermolecular structure of the hemoglobin molecules. The intermolecular structure is concentration dependent. The hemoglobin molecules have a 'short range order structure' with a range of about 4 molecule diameters at 324 g/l. The potential functions of the hemoglobin-hemoglobin interaction have been determined on the basis of fluid theories. Except for the deoxi-hemoglobin solution having the concentration 370 g/l, the pair interaction consists in a short repulsion and a weak short-range attraction against kT. The potential minimum is between 1.2 - 1.5 nm above the greatest hemoglobin diameter. (author).

CERN Document Server

We present a simple discrete model for the non-linear spatial interaction ofdifferent kinds of ``subpopulations'' composed of identical moving entitieslike particles, bacteria, individuals, etc. The model allows to mimic a varietyof self-organized agglomeration and segregation phenomena. By relating it togame-theoretical ideas, it can be applied not only to attractive and repulsiveinteractions in physical and chemical systems, but also to the much richercombinations of positive and negative interactions found in biological andsocio-economic systems. Apart from investigating symmetric interactions relatedto a continuous increase of the ``overall success'' within the system(``self-optimization''), we will focus on cases, where fluctuations further orinduce self-organization, even though the initial conditions and theinteractions are assumed homogeneous in space (translation invariant).

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We analyze the potential of the e{sup +}e{sup -} linear colliders, operating in the e{gamma} and {gamma}{gamma} modes, to probe anomalous quartic vector-boson interactions through the multiple production of W's and Z's. We examine all SU(2){sub L}(circle times)U(1){sub Y} chiral operators of order p{sup 4} that lead to new four-gauge-boson interactions but do not alter trilinear vertices. We show that the e{gamma} and {gamma}{gamma} modes are able not only to establish the existence of a strongly interacting symmetry breaking sector but also to probe for anomalous quartic couplings of the order of 10{sup -2} at 90% C.L. Moreover, the information gathered in the e{gamma} mode can be used to reduce the ambiguities of the e{sup +}e{sup -} mode.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

We show that the recently measured asymmetry in helicity-angle spectra of the #LAMBDA#-hyperons, produced in the reaction pp#->#K"+#LAMBDA#p reaction, and the energy dependence of the total pp#->#K"+#LAMBDA#p cross-section can be explained consistently by the same #LAMBDA#p final-state interaction. Assuming that there is no final-state interaction in the #SIGMA#"0 p channel, as suggested by the available data for the reaction pp#->#K"+#SIGMA#"0p, we can also reproduce the energy dependence of the #LAMBDA#/#SIGMA#"0 production ratio and, in particular, the rather large ratio observed near the reaction thresholds. The nominal ratio of the #LAMBDA# and #SIGMA#"0 production amplitudes squared, i.e. when disregarding the final-state interaction, turns out to be about 3, which is in line with hyperon production data from proton and nuclear targets available at high energies. (orig.)

CERN Document Server

The historical background of the 19th century electromagnetic theory is revisited from the standpoint of the opposition between alternative approaches in respect to the problem of interactions. The 19th century electrodynamics became the battle-field of a paramount importance to test existing conceptions of interactions. Hertz's experiments were designed to bring a solid experimental evidence in favor of one of them. The modern scientific method applied to analyze Hertz's experimental approach as well as the analysis of his laboratory notes, dairy and private letters show that Hertz's "\\textit{crucial}" experiments cannot be considered as conclusive at many points as it is generally implied. We found that alternative Helmholtz's electrodynamics did not contradict any of Hertz's experimental observations of transverse components as Maxwell's theory predicted. Moreover, as we now know from recently published Hertz's dairy and private notes, his ...

CERN Document Server

We study the prospects of pinning down the effects of non-standard antineutrino interactions in the source and in the detector at the Daya Bay neutrino facility. It is well known that if the non-standard interactions in the detection process are of the same type as those in the production, their net effect can be subsumed into a mere shift in the measured value of the leptonic mixing angle theta_13. Relaxing this assumption, the ratio of the antineutrino spectra measured by the Daya Bay far and near detectors is distorted in a characteristic way, and good fits based on the standard oscillation hypothesis are no longer viable. We show that, under certain conditions, three years of Daya Bay running can be sufficient to provide a clear hint of non-standard neutrino physics.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Animal studies demonstrated the powerful impact of maternal-infant social contact on the infant's physiological systems, yet the online effects of social interactions on the human infant's physiology remain poorly understood. Mothers and their 3-month old infants were observed during face-to-face interactions while cardiac output was collected from mother and child. Micro-analysis of the partners' behavior marked episodes of gaze, affect, and vocal synchrony. Time-series analysis showed that mother and infant coordinate heart rhythms within lags of less than 1s. Bootstrapping analysis indicated that the concordance between maternal and infant biological rhythms increased significantly during episodes of affect and vocal synchrony compared to non-synchronous moments. Humans, like other mamm...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We consider low-energy nucleons at next-to-next-to-leading order in lattice chiral effective field theory. Three-body interactions first appear at this order, and we discuss several methods for determining three-body interaction coefficients on the lattice. We compute the energy of the triton and low-energy neutron-deuteron scattering phase shifts in the spin-doublet and spin-quartet channels using Luescher's finite-volume method. In the four-nucleon system we calculate the energy of the {alpha}-particle using auxiliary fields and projection Monte Carlo. (orig.)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A detailed comparison of the softness of gold and silver has been reported in the light of hard soft acid base (HSAB) principle. Gold and silver nanoparticles in organic media (i.e., organosol) have been exploited individually to establish the principle. Sulfur and nitrogen were employed as soft and borderline donating atoms to examine the metal-ligand interactions. In this regard, thiols and amines have been considered as interacting ligands with sulfur and nitrogen donor atoms respectively. The stronger affinity of gold towards softer sulfur donor as compared to nitrogen and conversely a reasonable interaction of silver nanoparticles with both the atoms authenticate the softer nature of gold nanoparticle as compared to silver one.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

The class of Spirochetes comprises a wide array of clinically important pathogens, including Treponema pallidum causing syphilis as well as Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme disease (LD). Diseases caused by spirochetes are characterized by specific sequelae of host reactions, and also by characteristic antibody response patterns. Over the last decades, research on the interaction of spirochetes with the hosts immune system had a strong emphasis on outer membrane lipoproteins. In fact, these structures have been convincingly shown to activate immune cells via CD14 and Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, and recent data also indicate an interaction with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein (LBP). In particular, the interaction of B. burgdorferi with TLR-2 could not only be demonstrated in ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

It is known that the plant cuticle represents the first barrier that must be overcome by any chemical reaching the plant surface from the atmosphere before entering the plant. Because of the importance of the cuticle as a barrier to penetration of a wide variety of compounds, its morphology, chemistry, and permeability have been extensively studied. However, only limited information is available on the nature of functional chemical groups present and their interaction and role during the penetration process. The usefulness of in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies in identifying functional groups present in isolated cuticles is described and their relationships to the structure of the cuticular membrane are discussed. Applications of infrared spectroscopy on the presence and role of phenolics in the cuticle structure and during the cuticle development, nitrogen oxide binding to isolated cuticles, and the interactions between ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

The intrinsic energy levels in the doubly odd isotopes of Np with mass number 238 and of Am with mass numbers 240, 242 and 244 are calculated using the zero-range neutron-proton residual interaction whose parameters are evaluated using the atomic masses and the ground state Gallagher-Moszkowski splitting energy in each case. A configuration dependence of the residual interaction is in evidence in several cases. The results are compared with the experimental data and the comparison is used to check on the two-particle configuration assignments to the intrinsic states in the respective spectra. Encouraged by the nature and the degree of the agreement of the theory with the available experimental data, predictions are made about the expected location of the as yet unobserved two-quasiparticle states in these nuclei.

CERN Document Server

Two-dimensional simulations of the coarsening process of the isotropic/smectic-A phase transition are presented using a high-order Landau-de Gennes type free energy model. Defect annihilation laws for smectic disclinations, elementary dislocations, and total dislocation content are determined. The computed evolution of the orientational correlation length and disclination density is found to be in agreement with previous experimental observations showing that disclination interactions dominate the coarsening process. The mechanism of smectic disclination movement, limited by the absorption and emission of elementary dislocations, is found to be facilitated by curvature walls connecting interacting disclinations. At intermediate times in the coarsening process, split-core dislocation formation and interactions displaying an effective disclination quadrupole configuration are observed. This work provides the framework for ...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We have developed a low-temperature particle detector that uses a novel quasiparticle trapping mechanism to funnel athermal phonon energy from an 80 mg Ge absorber into a 1.6 mg doped Ge thermistor via a superconducting Al film. We report on pulse height spectra obtained at 320 mK by scanning a {sup 241}Am alpha source along the device, and show that up to 20% of the energy deposited in the Ge absorber by a 5.5 MeV alpha particle interaction can be collected into a thermistor via quasiparticle trapping. We show that this device is sensitive to the position of an alpha particle interaction in the Ge absorber for interaction distances of up to 5 mm from a quasiparticle trap.

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Meta-analysis to investigate the joint effect of multiple factors in the aetiology of a disease is of increasing importance in epidemiology. This task is often challenging in practice, because studies typically concentrate on studying the effect of only one exposure, sometimes may report the interaction between two exposures, but rarely address more complex interactions that involve more than two exposures. In this paper, we develop a meta-analysis framework that combines estimates from studies of multiple exposures. A key development is an approach to combining results from studies that report information on any subset or combination of the full set of exposures.The model requires assumptions to be made about the prevalence of the specific exposures. We discuss several possible model spec...

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A simple electromagnetic transport system was constructed to identify very rare positrons produced in a powerful laser beam interaction with a target. Testing experiments were carried out with CO[sub 2]-laser (10[sup 12] W/cm[sup 2]) beam pulses ([tau] = 50 ns, f = 0.01 Hz) focused on the copper target, as well as with a 96 MeV alpha-particle beam irradiated carbon target. The results showed that the developed system could be effectively used for positron identification and evaluation of their energy by means of a time-of-flight method. The computerized system to deal with this problem, together with others related to the power laser beam interaction with targets, has been constructed. (orig.).

British Library Electronic Table of Contents (United Kingdom)

Phycocyanin - a major phycobiliprotein constitutively produced by many cyanobacteria hold several promising applications in diagnostics, biomedical research, and therapeutics. This paper discusses a novel rapid method for the purification of cyanobacterial phycocyanin (C-PC) from Phormidium fragile using hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The protein was extracted and concentrated by grinding under liquid nitrogen and ammonium sulfate fractionation. C-PC was purified by single step hydrophobic interaction chromatography. Purified phycocyanin showed absorbance maximum (lmax) at 624nm. The criterion of purity (R) achieved was 4.52. Phycocyanin to phycoerythrin and phycocyanin to allophycocyanin purity ratio were 3.85 and 7.49, respectively. The purified protein showed a pI of 5.2 and ha...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundPuccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici is a fungal pathogen causing stripe rust, one of the most important wheat diseases worldwide. The...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Werner syndrome (WS) is characterized by premature onset of age-associated disorders and predisposition to cancer. The WS protein, WRN, encodes 3′ → 5′ DNA helicase and 3′...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

It is shown that the interaction of a class of positive energy tachyons decreases the area of the horizon of the T-S, delta = 3 metric even in the case of a reversible transformation (Msub(ir) = constant). This is a violation of the second law of black hole physics. (author).

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundInferring regulatory interactions between genes from transcriptomics time-resolved data, yielding reverse engineered gene regulatory networks, is of paramount importance...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Total antioxidant performance (TAP) measures antioxidant capacities in both hydrophilic and lipophilic compartments of serum and interactions known to exist between them. Our objective was to assess...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We revisited the quantum Zeno paradox, which claims that a generic quantum system prepared in a state which is not an eigenstate of the Hamiltonian operator and is continuously observed never decays. Since any perfectly isolated quantum system always interact with a vacuum field, we analyze the possibility of using this fact to solve the above mentioned conceptual problem. Therefore we discuss a two-level system or qubit-Bose field interaction Hamiltonians. We consider the quantum dynamics of this two-level system, prepared in the excited state interacting with a Bose field prepared in the Poincare invariant vacuum state. Using a first-order approximation in time-dependent perturbation theory, we evaluate the probability of spontaneous decay of the two-level system driven by the vacuum field. This probability is evaluated for a finite time interval. Using the standard argument to obtain the quantum Zeno paradox, we consider ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The intracellular concentration of protein may be as high as 400 mg per ml; thus it seems inevitable that within the cell, numerous protein-protein contacts are constantly occurring. A basic biochemical...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

Purpose.Since 2002, six blind patients have undergone implantation of an epiretinal 4 × 4 electrode array designed to directly stimulate the remaining cells of the retina...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

A series of (diamine)isopropylidenmalonatoplatinum(II) complexes and the oxidation products, (diamine)Pt(OOC){sub 2}C=C(CH{sub 3}){sub 2}(X){sub 2}, (diamine=ethylenediamine(en), 1,2-diaminopropan(dap), N-methylethylenediamine(men); X=OH, OCOCH{sub 3}, OCOCF{sub 3}), have been prepared, and their interaction with guanosine-5'-monophosphate (5'-GMP) have been examined by means of {sup 1}H NMR spectroscopy. The present platinum(II) complexes have shown to interact with 5'-GMP through N7 coordination in two consecutive steps in a similar way as with cisplatin, but no interaction between the present platinum(IV) complexes and 5'-GMP was observed. However, in the presence of ascorbic acid, the platinum(IV) complexes have been found to interest with 5'-GMP with the reation rate depending on their reduction rate.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

During the symbiotic interaction between Medicago truncatula and the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Glomus intraradices, an endogenous increase in jasmonic acid...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

CBP and its paralog p300 are histone acetyl transferases that regulate gene expression by interacting with multiple transcription factors via specialized domains. The structure...Full Text Available

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In the present study, the authors examine the interactions of pentavalent technetium ions (TcO/sup 3+/) with the basic form of the lasalocid A in pure methanol solvent and in methanol-water mixtures. There are a number of reasons for such a study. First, the interactions of technetium ions with biologically important compounds are of considerable importance owing to the widespread use of /sup 99m/Tc in diagnostic radio-imaging. Second, lasalocid A is known to transport metal ions across phospholipid bilayer membranes and between the aqueous cores of phospholipid inverse micelles. Third, lasalocid A is known to bind and solubilize metal ions in bulk organic liquid phases. Fourth, the conformation adopted by lasalocid A on interaction with TcO/sup 3+/ appears to be different than those found in most other cases and circumstances. Fifth, it may also be possible to use the competition of TcO/sup 3+/ with other, physiologically ...

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The cell wall envelopes of gram-positive bacteria represent a surface organelle that not only functions as a cytoskeletal element but also promotes interactions between bacteria and their environment....Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The study of blocking factors requires in vitro assay of cell mediated immunity that parallels the in vivo response. By microcytotoxicity testing, progressor and immune peripheral blood lymphocytes...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundThe study of bacterial species interactions in a mixed-species community can be facilitated by transcriptome analysis of one species in the community using cDNA microarray...Full Text Available

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Progress is reported in the following areas: metallurgy and ceramics (structure of materials, mechanical properties, physical properties), experimental research, and particle-solid interactions (irradiation effects on alloys). (DLC)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Especially in bulk goods conveying, roller bearings must be selected with a vie to the intended application. Bulk goods conveying machinery consists of many different components that must interact as perfectly as possible.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

We study free and self-interacting scalar quantum field theories in a flat Robertson-Walker metric in the functional Schroedinger picture. We discuss Schroedinger picture quantization, relating it to conventional Heisenberg picture quantization. For the interacting theory, we introduce the time-dependent Gaussian approximation to study time evolution of pure and mixed states and we establish renormalizability of the approximation. We also study the question of computing a finite, renormalized energy-momentum tensor for both the free and the interacting theory in the Gaussian appproximation. Using the adiabatic expansion, we show that the entire subtration necessary to make the the energy-momentum tensor finite in the free theory can be written in terms of covariantly conserved tensors. We further show that the same subtraction is sufficient to make the energy-momentum tensor finite in the Gaussian approximation for the ...

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

In this paper it is shown that the ''third postulate'' of special relativity (i.e. the so-called ''Reinterpretation principle'' by Stueckelberg and by Faynmam) is enough to implement the law of retarded casuality for tachyons even in macro-physics, when usual macro-objects interact with micro-tachyons and macro-tachyons.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The characterization of the single-chain protein in Chinese-cobra (Naja naja atra) blood serum, which yields strong specific protection against the venom of the same snake, is reported. The protein,...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The pathogenesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa disseminated infections depends on bacterial interaction with blood vessels. We have hypothesized that in order to traverse the endothelial barrier, bacteria...Full Text Available

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

The widespread use of tobacco and alcohol among adolescents might be related to the ability of nicotine and ethanol to facilitate social interactions. To investigate the neurobehavioral mechanisms...Full Text Available

CERN Document Server

The status of the electroweak Standard Model is reviewed in the light of recent precision data and new theoretical results which have contributed to improve the predictions for precision observables, together with the remaining inherent theoretical uncertainties. Consequences for possible new physics are also discussed.

UK PubMed Central (United Kingdom)

BackgroundWith the advent of increasingly efficient means to obtain genetic information, a great insurgence of data has resulted, leading to the need for methods for analyzing this...Full Text Available

Science.gov (United States)

This report gives an overview of KIDS (Kestrel Interactive Development System). We describe a program derived with KIDS to solve the Missionaries and Cannibals problem (MC PROBLEM), a classical AI planning problem. Our interest in this problem arose as th...