Die Defects and Die Corrections in Metal Extrusion

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sayyad Zahid Qamar

2018-05-01

Full Text Available Extrusion is a very popular and multi-faceted manufacturing process. A large number of products for the automotive, aerospace, and construction sectors are produced through aluminum extrusion. Many defects in the extruded products occur because of the conditions of the dies and tooling. The problems in dies can be due to material issues, design and manufacturing, or severe usage. They can be avoided by maintaining the billet quality, by controlling the extrusion process parameters, and through routine maintenance. Die problems that occur on a day-to-day basis are mostly repairable and are rectified through various types of die correction operations. These defects and repair operations have not been reported in detail in the published literature. The current paper presents an in-depth description of repairable die defects and related die correction operations in metal extrusion. All major die defects are defined and classified, and their causes, preventive measures, and die correction operations are described. A brief frequency-based statistical study of die defects is also carried out to identify the most frequent die corrections. This work can be of direct benefit to plant engineers and operators and to researchers and academics in the field of metal extrusion.

Magnetic structure and microstructure of die-upset hard magnets RE13.75Fe80.25B6 (RE=Nd, Pr): A possible origin of high coercivity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Volkov, V.V.; Zhu, Y.

1999-01-01

In situ transmission electron microscopy magnetizing experiments combined with Lorentz magnetic microscopy in Fresnel endash Foucault modes were used to characterize the magnetic structure of die-upset, high energy-product hard magnets Nd 13.75 Fe 80.25 B 6 and Pr 13.75 Fe 80.25 B 6 . Experimental observations indicate a well-aligned grain structure and quasiperiodic nonaligned open-quotes extended defectclose quotes layers transverse to press direction. The local remanence of the open-quotes defectclose quotes layers is far from saturation when the external field is removed. The layers are enriched with inclusions of approximate composition Nd 7 Fe 3 , generally with a polygonal shape, and are associated with the original ribbon interfaces. They may be responsible for a high coercivity mechanism, since the motion of reverse domains can be impeded by these layers, even when they are nucleated. Thus, a delayed nucleation of reversed domains seems to be a limiting factor for magnetization reversal and coercivity force. Both Lorentz magnetic imaging and high-resolution microscopy highlight the role of magnetocrystalline anisotropy for domain wall-grain boundary interactions and pinning. Local remanence was estimated directly from magnetic moment sensitive Foucault images. copyright 1999 American Institute of Physics

Die faktorstruktuur van Bass se veelfaktor- leierskapsvraelys in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks

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C .P. Ackermann

2000-06-01

Full Text Available The factor structure of Bass's Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire in the South African context. The aim of the study was to determine whether the factor structure of Bass's Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ, as a measure of transformational leadership, could be replicated within the South African context. The MLQ was chosen not only because it promised to be a valid and reliable measuring instrument of the construct in question, but also due to the fact that there was an urgent need for such an instrument in the management of human resources within organisations undergoing transformation. The MLQ was administered to 406 subjects within the military context and was subjected to factor analysis and item analysis. The factor analysis yielded three factors, namely transformational leadership, transactional leadership and avoidance of leadership ("laissez faire" leadership. The reliabilities of the scales were determined by means of Cronbach's coefficient alpha, and yielded coefficients of 0,944, 0,736 and 0,803 respectively. The factor structure as conceptualised by Bass (1985 was largely confirmed in the present study. Opsomming Die doel van die studie was om vas te stel of die faktorstruktuur van die Veelfaktorleierskapsvraelys (MLQ van Bass, as maatstafvan transformasionele leierskap, in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks gerepliseer kon word. Die MLQ is gekies omdat dit belofte inhou as n geldige en betroubare meetinstrument van die onderhawige konstruk, en ook weens die feit dat daar 'n dringende behoefte bestaan aan so n instrument vir gebruik in die bestuur van menslike hulpbronne in organisasies tydens verandering. Die MLQ is op 406 proefpersone binne militêre konteks toegepas, en aan n faktorontleding en n itemontleding onderwerp. Die faktorontleding het drie faktore opgelewer, te wete transformasionele leierskap, transaksionele leierskap en vermyding van leierskap ("laissez faire"-leierskap. Die betroubaarheid van die skale is bepaal

Kierkegaard se, drei grossen ideen” en die ini- siasie van henry van eeden (sewe dae b y die silbersteins

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L. S. Venter

1977-03-01

Full Text Available Die doel van Henry se verblyf by die Silbersteins word vroeg in Sewe dae verwoord as Jock tydens die eerste aandbyeenkoms sê dat Henry „van sekere gevestigde idees” (p. 16 ontslae moet raak. Ook mrs. Silberstein beskou dit as noodsaaklik dat sy on­ skuld vemietig moet word (p. 22. Op die oggendwandeling van die tweede dag herhaal Jock sy stelling van die vorige aand en voeg daaraan toe dat daar baie dinge is wat Henry ,,sal moet leer en verleer” (p. 28. Vir die modeme mens, wat „van die vrug van kennis geëet” het, is daar „geen illussies meer nie” (p. 32.

Crystal structures of wild-type and mutated cyclophilin B that causes hyperelastosis cutis in the American quarter horse

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Boudko Sergei P

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Hyperelastosis cutis is an inherited autosomal recessive connective tissue disorder. Affected horses are characterized by hyperextensible skin, scarring, and severe lesions along the back. The disorder is caused by a mutation in cyclophilin B. Results The crystal structures of both wild-type and mutated (Gly6->Arg horse cyclophilin B are presented. The mutation neither affects the overall fold of the enzyme nor impairs the catalytic site structure. Instead, it locally rearranges the flexible N-terminal end of the polypeptide chain and also makes it more rigid. Conclusions Interactions of the mutated cyclophilin B with a set of endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteins must be affected.

Die funksie van die belydenis in die struktuur van die kerk en die ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Ter wille van die argument wat in hierdie voordrag na vore gebring word, word vier sodanige konstituerende elemente van die kerklike struktuur onderskei, te wete die belydenis, die teologie, die verkondi- ging (meer bepaald die prediking) en die kerkorde (kerkwet volgens ons terminologie). Ons gaan nou elkeen hiervan ...

die rol van die unieverdedigingsmag in die onderdrukking van die

African Journals Online (AJOL)

agv regeringsoptrede nie.39. Siotsom. In die geskiedenis van die Unieverdedigings- mag word die gebeure random die 1914-staking oorskadu deur die Rebellie en Suid-Afrika se deelname aan die Eerste Wereldoorlog. Tog was dit 'n belangrike mylpaal in die geskiedenis van die organisasie, omdat dit sy eerste optrede ...

Structure of EspB from the ESX-1 type VII secretion system and insights into its export mechanism.

Science.gov (United States)

Solomonson, Matthew; Setiaputra, Dheva; Makepeace, Karl A T; Lameignere, Emilie; Petrotchenko, Evgeniy V; Conrady, Deborah G; Bergeron, Julien R; Vuckovic, Marija; DiMaio, Frank; Borchers, Christoph H; Yip, Calvin K; Strynadka, Natalie C J

2015-03-03

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) uses the ESX-1 type VII secretion system to export virulence proteins across its lipid-rich cell wall, which helps permeabilize the host's macrophage phagosomal membrane, facilitating the escape and cell-to-cell spread of Mtb. ESX-1 membranolytic activity depends on a set of specialized secreted Esp proteins, the structure and specific roles of which are not currently understood. Here, we report the X-ray and electron microscopic structures of the ESX-1-secreted EspB. We demonstrate that EspB adopts a PE/PPE-like fold that mediates oligomerization with apparent heptameric symmetry, generating a barrel-shaped structure with a central pore that we propose contributes to the macrophage killing functions of EspB. Our structural data also reveal unexpected direct interactions between the EspB bipartite secretion signal sequence elements that form a unified aromatic surface. These findings provide insight into how specialized proteins encoded within the ESX-1 locus are targeted for secretion, and for the first time indicate an oligomerization-dependent role for Esp virulence factors. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Type B Drum packages

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Edwards, W.S.

1995-11-01

The Type B Drum package is a container in which a single drum containing Type B quantities of radioactive material will be packaged for shipment. The Type B Drum containers are being developed to fill a void in the packaging and transportation capabilities of the US Department of Energy (DOE), as no double containment packaging for single drums of Type B radioactive material is currently available. Several multiple-drum containers and shielded casks presently exist. However, the size and weight of these containers present multiple operational challenges for single-drum shipments. The Type B Drum containers will offer one unshielded version and, if needed, two shielded versions, and will provide for the option of either single or double containment. The primary users of the Type B Drum container will be any organization with a need to ship single drums of Type B radioactive material. Those users include laboratories, waste retrieval facilities, emergency response teams, and small facilities

B1 to B2 structural phase transition in LiF under pressure

Science.gov (United States)

Jain, Aayushi; Dixit, R. C.

2018-05-01

In the last few decades the alkali halides emerged as crystals with useful applications and their high-pressure behaviour is the most intensively studied subject in high-pressure physics/chemistry, material science, and geosciences. Most alkali halides follow the B1 (NaCl-type)→B2 (CsCl-type) phase-transition route under pressure. In the present paper, we have investigated the characteristics of structural phase transition that occurred in Lithium Florid compound under high pressure. The transition pressure of B1-B2 was calculated using an effective interionic interaction potential (EIOP). The changes of the characteristics of crystals like, Gibbs free energy, cohesive energy, volume collapse, and lattice constant are calculated for the B1 and B2 structures. These data were compared with the available experimental and theoretical data.

Cardiovascular responses in type A and type B men to a series of stressors.

Science.gov (United States)

Ward, M M; Chesney, M A; Swan, G E; Black, G W; Parker, S D; Rosenman, R H

1986-02-01

Fifty-six healthy adult males were administered the Type A Structured Interview and assessed as exhibiting either Type A (N = 42) or Type B (N = 14) behavior pattern. They were monitored for systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate (HR) responses during a series of six challenging tasks: Mental Arithmetic, Hypothesis Testing, Reaction Time, Video Game, Handgrip, and Cold Pressor. The results indicated that Type A subjects exhibited greater cardiovascular responses than did Type B subjects during some (Hypothesis Testing, Reaction Time, Video Game and Mental Arithmetic) but not all (Handgrip and Cold Pressor) of the tasks. These results are discussed in terms of previously reported findings on conditions that do and do not produce differences in Type A/B cardiovascular stress responses.

Dr. E.S. Mulder, Die Teologie van die Jesaja-apokalipse (Jes. 24-27 ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Dr. E.S. Mulder, Die Teologie van die Jesaja-apokalipse (Jes. 24-27). Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van Doctor in de Godgeleerdheid aan de Rijksuniversiteit te Groningen. Groningen, J. B. Wolters, 1954, 125 bis.

a studyof faecal of faecal coliform die coliform die coliform die-off

African Journals Online (AJOL)

eobe

COLIFORM DIE-OFF IN SEWAGE SLUDGE DRYING BED. OFF IN SEWAGE SLUDGE ..... This method was used to measure evaporation from the bed because of .... thermometer with external sensor probe, model No. ST-9283A/B/C and a ...

Personality at Work: A Study of Type A-B

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Amber Raza

2007-10-01

Full Text Available The objective of this study was to measure the impact of stressors on personality types in Call Centers. Based on literature survey five potential workplace stressors were identified, namely (1 Task Demands, (2 Role Demands, (3 Interpersonal Demands, (4 Organizational Structure and (5 Organizational Leadership. Based on the literature survey, a relationship model was developed that was inclusive of the above stressors, and three personality types, which were Type A, Type AB and Type B.The sample size for the study was 100. The subjects were supervisors and agents drawn non-randomly from various Call Centers of Karachi. All the subjects completed a questionnaire comprised of 27 questions based on occupational stress index (Srivasta and Singh 1981 and AB Personality Continuum (National Institute of Safety and Health 1975. The three personality types A, B & AB all go through stress, however it is the Type A, which thrives on stress. The sources of stress measured in the study were Task Demand, Role Demand, Interpersonal Demands, Organizational Structure and Organizational Leadership.The stressor that most contributed to the Personality type A’s stress in the study was Interpersonal Demand (0.38, which is justified by the literature review as Personality type A are not team players and prefer to work alone.Whereas Personality type B was stressed because of Role Demand (0.38 which is also proved by the literature review as personality type B are laid back and do not take there roles seriously. Hence it can be concluded that it type A tends to cope well with stress as compared to type AB and type B. The performance of the respondents can be made better if the supervisors are aware of the personality types and thereby motivate them according.

Die rol van die blanke werker in die motivering van die swart werker

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G. J. Oosthuizen

1980-11-01

Opsomming Die motivering van die Swart werker kan nie in die huidige situasie in isolasie bestudeer word nie, omdat die Blanke werker steeds in die bestuursposisie is en daarom die motivering van die Swart werker kan beïnvloed. Hierdie ondersoek was daarop gerig om die rol van die Blanke werker in die motivering van die Swart werker nader te ondersoek. Die houding en die leierskapsbenadering van die Blanke werker teenoor die Swart werker is gemeet, asook die behoeftes wat volgens die Blanke werker by die Swart werker bestaan, bevredig is, of nie bestaan nie. Die behoeftes van Swart werkers, soos deur hulleself gesien, is ook ondersoek. Ten opsigte van sekere aspekte is beduidende verskille gevind.

Über die Datenakzessivität in Printwörterbüchern. Einblicke in neuere Entwicklungen einer Theorie der Wörterbuchform Über die Datenakzessivität in Printwörterbüchern. Einblicke in neuere Entwicklungen einer Theorie der Wörterbuchform

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Herbert Ernst Wiegand

2011-10-01

second being optional. The external data accessibility is pre-sented by means of external access structures and the internal data accessibility by means of inter-nal access structures in accessible dictionary entries. Distinctive types of external access structures as linear ordering structures, e.g. alphabetical external access structures, numerical mediostructural access structures and register access structures are described and their functions explained. Exter-nal access structures are furthermore distinguished from access routes, established by the user by means of the execution of external access procedures. The contribution gives a total of five insights but no coherent overview of the multiple manifestations of the characteristics of the form of dic-tionaries established by the data accessibility.

Keywords: ACCESS TEXTUAL ELEMENT, ACCESSIBLE DICTIONARY ENTRY, ALPHA-BET, ALPHABETICAL EXTERNAL ACCESS STRUCTURE, EXTERNAL ACCESS PROCEDURE, EXTERNAL ACCESS ROUTE, EXTERNAL DATA ACCESSIBILITY, INTERNAL ACCESS STRUCTURE, INTERNAL DATA ACCESSIBILITY, MEDIOSTRUCTURAL ACCESS STRUCTURE, MEDIOSTRUCTURAL GUIDING ELEMENT, MONO-ACCESSIBLE DICTIONARY, POLY-ACCESSIBLE DICTIONARY, RAPID ACCESS STRUCTURE, REGISTER, REGISTER ACCESS STRUCTURE

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: In diesem Beitrag werden die Begriffe eingeführt, die man benötigt, um das Datenakzessivitätsprofil von Printwörterbüchern genau beschreiben zu können. Es wird zwischen externer und interner Datenakzessivität unterschieden; erstere ist obligatorisch, letztere ist fakultativ. Die externe Datenakzessivität wird durch äußere, die interne Datenakzessivität durch innere Zugriffsstrukturen innerhalb von akzessiven Wörterbucheinträgen hergestellt. Es werden unterschiedliche Typen von äußeren Zugriffsstrukturen als lineare Ordnungsstrukturen, wie z.B. alphabetische äußere Zugriffsstrukturen, numerische mediostrukturelle Zugriffsstrukturen, Regis-terzugriffsstrukturen u.a., beschrieben und ihr Funktionieren

High-Speed Coating Method for Photovoltaic Textiles with Closed-Type Die Coater

Science.gov (United States)

Imai, Takahiko; Shibayama, Norihisa; Takamatsu, Seiichi; Shiraishi, Kenji; Marumoto, Kazuhiro; Itoh, Toshihiro

2013-06-01

We developed a closed-type die-coating method to fabricate thin films for electronic devices. We succeeded in the die-coating of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) water dispersions and regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) solution to fabricate thin films of these organic materials with extremely high speeds of 5 and 20 m/min, respectively. The film thicknesses were evaluated by cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The deviations of the film thicknesses from our target values were less than 5%. We fabricated Al/P3HT:PCBM/PEDOT:PSS/indium tin oxide (ITO)/poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) textiles as an example of an application of the method, and the photovoltaic characteristic of the devices was confirmed.

Molecular cloning, genomic organization, and expression of a B-type (cricket-type) allatostatin preprohormone from Drosophila melanogaster

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Williamson, M; Lenz, C; Winther, A M

2001-01-01

and nonamidated C terminus. We have previously reported the structure of an A-type allatostatin preprohormone from the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster. Here we describe the molecular cloning of a B-type prepro-allatostatin from Drosophila (DAP-B). DAP-B is 211 amino acid residues long and contains one copy each...

Die Region braucht die Kultur - die Kultur braucht die Region

OpenAIRE

Klemm, Ulrich

1995-01-01

Die Region braucht die Kultur - die Kultur braucht die Region. - In: Region in Aktion - oder: Region im Abseits? - Boxberg-Wölchingen : Eigenständige Regionalentwicklung Baden-Württemberg, 1995. - S. 25 f.

DIE GESKIEDENIS VAN DIE PERSONEELFUNKSIE IN DIE SA ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

stel (kortdiensstelsel). Met die uitbreek van die oorlog in 1939 het die. Unieverdedigingsmag uit 40% Staandemag en. 60% aktiewe Burgermag bestaan. Op 22 Sept. 1939 is magtiging aan die Aktiewe Burgermag- eenhede verleen om vrywilligers vir die duur van die oorlog te aanvaar. Agv beswaar dat die Verdedigingswet.

V{sub 1+x}Nb{sub 1-x}IrB{sub 2} (x ∼ 0.1), the first quaternary metal-rich -boride adopting the Mo{sub 2}IrB{sub 2}-type structure: Synthesis, crystal and electronic structure and bonding analysis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Goerens, Christian; Fokwa, Boniface P.T. [Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University (Germany)

2013-02-15

Polycrystalline samples and single crystals of the new metal-rich boride V{sub 1+x}Nb{sub 1-x}IrB{sub 2} (x ∼ 0.1), were synthesized by arc-melting the elements in a water-cooled copper crucible under an argon atmosphere and characterized by X-ray diffraction and EDX measurements. The crystal structure was refined on the basis of single crystal data. The new phase adopts the Mo{sub 2}IrB{sub 2}-type structure (space group Pnnm, no. 58) with the lattice parameters a = 7.301(7) Aa, b = 9.388(9) Aa and c = 3.206(5) Aa. It is the first quaternary representative of Mo{sub 2}IrB{sub 2}-type structure. The structure contains zigzag B{sub 4}-fragments with boron-boron distances of 1.83-1.85 Aa. The electronic density of states and crystal orbital Hamilton population (for bonding analysis) were calculated, using the linear muffin-tin orbital atomic sphere approximation (LMTO-ASA) method. According to these calculations, this metal-rich compound should be metallic, as expected. Furthermore, very strong boron-boron interactions are observed in the zigzag B{sub 4}-fragment and two significantly different Ir-B interactions are observed in the new phase and the prototype Mo{sub 2}IrB{sub 2}. (Copyright copyright 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

96 Über die Morphosyntaktische Struktur von Nominalkomposita im ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Die Yorùbá-Sprache, die von mehr als 25 Millionen Menschen allein in Nigeria gesprochen wird (vgl. Weisser 2008:1), ist die. Sprache der Yorùbá. Sie wird neben anderen Sprachen hauptsächlich in Südwest-Nigeria und z.T. in Benin, Togo,. Brasilien und Kuba gesprochen. Sie ist eine isolierende. Tonsprache, die zum ...

Die posisie van die Helper in die sending

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

I. J. van der Walt

1972-05-01

Full Text Available Gedurende die aanvangsjare van die sending het die helper ’n onmisbare funksie vervul. Hulle het die onherbergsame binnelande geken, waardevolle kontakpunte vir die sendelinge geopen en hulle mense geestelik help voorlig en voorberei.

Elucidating structural order and disorder phenomena in mullite-type Al4B2O9 by automated electron diffraction tomography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhao, Haishuang; Krysiak, Yaşar; Hoffmann, Kristin; Barton, Bastian; Molina-Luna, Leopoldo; Neder, Reinhard B.; Kleebe, Hans-Joachim; Gesing, Thorsten M.; Schneider, Hartmut; Fischer, Reinhard X.

2017-01-01

The crystal structure and disorder phenomena of Al 4 B 2 O 9 , an aluminum borate from the mullite-type family, were studied using automated diffraction tomography (ADT), a recently established method for collection and analysis of electron diffraction data. Al 4 B 2 O 9 , prepared by sol-gel approach, crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/m. The ab initio structure determination based on three-dimensional electron diffraction data from single ordered crystals reveals that edge-connected AlO 6 octahedra expanding along the b axis constitute the backbone. The ordered structure (A) was confirmed by TEM and HAADF-STEM images. Furthermore, disordered crystals with diffuse scattering along the b axis are observed. Analysis of the modulation pattern implies a mean superstructure (AAB) with a threefold b axis, where B corresponds to an A layer shifted by ½a and ½c. Diffraction patterns simulated for the AAB sequence including additional stacking disorder are in good agreement with experimental electron diffraction patterns. - Graphical abstract: Crystal structure and disorder phenomena of B-rich Al 4 B 2 O 9 studied by automated electron diffraction tomography (ADT) and described by diffraction simulation using DISCUS. - Highlights: • Ab-initio structure solution by electron diffraction from single nanocrystals. • Detected modulation corresponding mainly to three-fold superstructure. • Diffuse diffraction streaks caused by stacking faults in disordered crystals. • Observed streaks explained by simulated electron diffraction patterns.

die ontstaan en die ontwikkeling van die skoolkadette-stelsel in die rsa

African Journals Online (AJOL)

toe algemene diensplig ingestel is. Die diens- plig het intussen sy volle beslag gekry en in. Weermagkringe het die gedagte posgevat dat skoolkadette. 'n deeglike ondersoek vereis ten einde die skoolgaande seun vir sy komende nasionale diensplig te orienteer. Tydens kadetopleldlng leer die seuns al die fynere kunsles ...

Interlocking multi-material components made of structured steel sheets and high-pressure die cast aluminium

Science.gov (United States)

Senge, S.; Brachmann, J.; Hirt, G.; Bührig-Polaczek, A.

2017-10-01

Lightweight design is a major driving force of innovation, especially in the automotive industry. Using hybrid components made of two or more different materials is one approach to reduce the vehicles weight and decrease fuel consumption. As a possible way to increase the stiffness of multi-material components, this paper presents a process chain to produce such components made of steel sheets and high-pressure die cast aluminium. Prior to the casting sequence the steel sheets are structured in a modified rolling process which enables continuous interlocking with the aluminium. Two structures manufactured by this rolling process are tested. The first one is a channel like structure and the second one is a channel like structure with undercuts. These undercuts enable the formation of small anchors when the molten aluminium fills them. The correlation between thickness reduction during rolling and the shape of the resulting structure was evaluated for both structures. It can be stated that channels with a depth of up to 0.5 mm and a width of 1 mm could be created. Undercuts with different size depending on the thickness reduction could be realised. Subsequent aluminium high-pressure die casting experiments were performed to determine if the surface structure can be filled gap-free with molten aluminium during the casting sequence and if a gap-free connection can be achieved after contraction of the aluminium. The casting experiments showed that both structures could be filled during the high-pressure die casting. The channel like structure results in a gap between steel and aluminium after contraction of the cast metal whereas the structure with undercuts leads to a good interlocking resulting in a gap-free connection.

Die WTO in Hongkong: Zwischenergebnisse einer "Entwicklungsrunde"

OpenAIRE

Küblböck, Karin; Six, Clemens

2006-01-01

Die sechste Ministerkonferenz der Welthandelsorganisation (WTO), die von 13. bis 18. Dezember 2005 in Hongkong stattfand, war mit dem Anspruch angetreten, die Agenda der Doha-Entwicklungsrunde, also die B erücksichtigung der Interessen und ökonomischen Bedürfnisse der Entwicklungsländer und insbesondere der am wenigsten entwickelten Staaten, um wesentliche Schritte im Hinblick auf einen erfolgreichen Abschluss voranzubringen. Die Ergebnisse sind vor dem Hintergrund des Anspruches dieser Verha...

The Angry Dying Patient.

Science.gov (United States)

Houston, Robert E.

1999-02-01

Over 25 years ago, Kubler-Ross identified anger as a predictable part of the dying process. When the dying patient becomes angry in the clinical setting, all types of communication become strained. Physicians can help the angry dying patient through this difficult time by using 10 rules of engagement. When physicians engage and empathize with these patients, they improve the patient's response to pain and they reduce patient suffering. When physicians educate patients on their normal responses to dying and enlist them in the process of family reconciliation, they can impact the end-of-life experience in a positive way.

Electronic and elastic properties of new semiconducting oP12-type RuB2 and OsB2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hao Xianfeng; Xu Yuanhui; Gao Faming

2011-01-01

Using first-principles total energy calculations we investigate the structural, elastic and electronic properties of new hypothetical oP 12 -type phase RuB 2 and OsB 2 . The calculations indicate that the oP 12 -type phase RuB 2 and OsB 2 are thermodynamically and mechanically stable. Remarkably, the new phases RuB 2 and OsB 2 are predicted to be semiconductors, and the appearance of band gaps is ascribed to the enhanced B-B covalent hybridization. Compared to metallic oP 6 -type RuB 2 and OsB 2 phases, the new phases possess similar mechanical properties and hardness. The combination of the probability of tunable electronic properties, strong stiffness and high hardness make RuB 2 and OsB 2 attractive and interesting for advanced applications.

IN KRITIESE BESKOUING VAN INLEIDING TOT DIE SEMANTIEK

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Dit laat twee interpretasie- moontlikhede oop: "later" kan of beteken "later in Syntactic Structures. (Chomsky 1957)", of "tussen Syntactic Structures en Katz en Fodor (1963) se The Structure of a Semantic Theory". Laasgenoemde werk is naamlik die eerste wat deur De Klerk as deel van die tweede periode, "die aanloop tot.

Die funksie van die skeppingstradisie in die boek Jeremia

African Journals Online (AJOL)

gedeeites voor wat sterk ooreenkomste toon met die beskrywings van die skep pingsgebeure in die boek Jeremia. • Volgpns Von Rad (1957:144-146) het daar wel 'n groep bestaan wat belange ge- had liet by die oorlewering van die skeppingstradisies. Dit was waarskynlik die. Sadokitiese priesters wat om twee redes aan ...

Die binding van die konfessie

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

P. J. Coetzee

1970-05-01

Full Text Available Ons moet waak teen twee uiterstes. Aan die een kant het die dogma as onversoenlike vyand die dogmatisme en aan die ander kant die antidogmatisme — dit hou enersyds die gevaar in van verabsolutering (oorskatting, en ander- syds die gevaar van relativisme (onderskatting.

Do two current canine parvovirus type 2 and 2b vaccines provide protection against the new type 2c variant?

Science.gov (United States)

Larson, Laurie J; Schultz, R D

2008-01-01

Three groups (n=9 or 10) of 12-week-old canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) antibody-negative puppies were vaccinated: one group with a product containing modified-live CPV-2b (Galaxy DA2PPv; Schering-Plough Animal Health), one group with a product containing modified-live CPV-2 (Continuum DAP, Intervet), and one group (controls) with sterile saline. All puppies receiving CPV-2 and CPV-2b vaccines developed antibody as determined by the hemagglutination inhibition assay. All groups of puppies were challenged with a combination of virulent CPV-2b and CPV-2c 5 weeks after vaccination. All puppies in the CPV-2 and CPV-2b vaccinated groups were protected from disease, whereas all control group puppies developed disease and 50% died or were euthanized. This study demonstrated that the CPV-2 and CPV-2b vaccine components of the Continuum DAP and Galaxy DA2PPv products, respectively, provided protection against the CPV-2b virus and also provided complete protection against the new CPV-2c variant.

Die nabyheid van die Koninkryk

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

W.J. Snyman

1963-03-01

Full Text Available Vanweë die belangrikheid daarvan volg hier ’n breër bespreking van die proefskrif van dr. Tjaart van der Walt oor die nabyheid van die Koninkryk as wat in ’n gewone resensie kan geskied. Die vraagstuk wat onder oë gesien word is so oud as die kerk en die teologie, soms minder en soms meer op die voorgrond. Tans kan gesê word, staan dit in die middelpunt. Daarby is dit nie maar ’n akademiese vraagstuk nie, maar ’n vraagstuk waarvoor elke nadenkende leser van die Skrif te staan kom.

'n Begronde bedieningsmodel vir die diakonia van die gemeente

African Journals Online (AJOL)

15 Feb 2012 ... At first, various angles of approach to the research on ministry in ... Lingenfelter 2005; Armour & Browning 2000) en daarmee saam die ...... Grobler, A.B. & Van der Walt, A.L., 2008, 'An assessment of the management skills.

Die ausbildung von wertbedeutungen im schuljugendalter*

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Siegfried Heusinger

1978-12-01

Full Text Available Die folgenden Darlegungen stützen sich auf Untersuchungsergebnisse des Verlassers zur Sprachentwicklung in der Ontogenese. Angeregt wurde die UnterSuchung durch die besonders in den letzten Jahren in mehreren Ländern verstärkt erhobenen Forderungen, nicht nur die Sprache des Klein­ kindes, sondern vornehmlich den Entwicklungsstand der Schülersprache auf den einzelnen Klassenstufen zu erforschen und den Prozeß der Sprachentwicklung des Schülers genauer zu bestimmen. Die Forderungen sind (so z. B. in der DDR durch das Bestreben motiviert, weitere wissenschaftliche Voraussetzungen für die Verbesserung der muttersprachlichen Bildung und Erzliehung zu schaffen. Es geht also vor allem um Bedürfnisse des Muttersprachunterrichts, die aus der gesellschaftlichen Bedeutung der Sprache überhaupt und den steigenden Anforderungen an die gesellschaftliche Kommunikation insbesondere erwachsen.

Electronic and elastic properties of new semiconducting oP(12)-type RuB(2) and OsB(2).

Science.gov (United States)

Hao, Xianfeng; Xu, Yuanhui; Gao, Faming

2011-03-30

Using first-principles total energy calculations we investigate the structural, elastic and electronic properties of new hypothetical oP(12)-type phase RuB(2) and OsB(2). The calculations indicate that the oP(12)-type phase RuB(2) and OsB(2) are thermodynamically and mechanically stable. Remarkably, the new phases RuB(2) and OsB(2) are predicted to be semiconductors, and the appearance of band gaps is ascribed to the enhanced B-B covalent hybridization. Compared to metallic oP(6)-type RuB(2) and OsB(2) phases, the new phases possess similar mechanical properties and hardness. The combination of the probability of tunable electronic properties, strong stiffness and high hardness make RuB(2) and OsB(2) attractive and interesting for advanced applications. © 2011 IOP Publishing Ltd

The speed dependence of dry running screw type vacuum pumps; Die Drehzahlabhaengigkeit trockenlaufender Schraubenspindel-Vakuumpumpen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kauder, K.; Rohe, A. [Univ. Dortmund (Germany). FG Fluidenergiemaschinen

2003-07-01

This contribution describes the development of a simple mathematical approach, which has the primary aim of describing the speed dependence of maximum vacuum of a screw type vacuum pump. Based on a simple positive displacement model assuming an isothermal process and with gas flow through an orifice used to depict the clearance mass flows, the vacuum achieved is calculated as function of rotor speed. Changes in the model's approaches, in particular the number of stages and the transition of viscose flow to molecular flow, enable us to depict the characteristic working behaviour of a screw type vacuum pump from the point of view of its maximum vacuum. An extension of this approach yields the characteristics of the delivery rate as a function of the suction pressure. If we replace the orifice flow with the transition flow it becomes possible to describe the characteristic maximum of suction speed at moderate inlet pressures, which can definitely be ascribed to increasing throttling during the transition of the viscose to the molecular flow type. Where there are larger discrepancies, continuous comparison of calculated with measured characteristics requires analyses of the sensitivity of this approach regarding the gap clearances, and a mathematical consideration of external leakages. Finally the effects of internal compression on working behaviour are calculated by using the algorithm. Even if the potential of this approach can not be completely realised due to unknown boundary condition in the examined machine, it nevertheless yields clear and explicable data about the influences of working and construction parameters on the working behaviour. (orig.) [German] Der vorgelegte Beitrag beschreibt einen einfachen mathematischen Ansatzes, der als primaeres Ziel verfolgt, die signifikante Drehzahlabhaengigkeit des Enddruckes von Schraubenspindel-Vakuumpumpen zu berechnen. Ausgehend vom einfachen Verdraengermaschinenmodell werden zunaechst mit Hilfe eines einstufigen

Effect of Heat Treatment on the Structure and Properties of Die Steel 70Kh3G2FTR

Science.gov (United States)

Krylova, S. E.; Kletsova, O. A.; Gryzunov, V. I.; Fot, A. P.; Tavtilov, I. Sh.

2018-01-01

The effect of heat treatment parameters on the properties and structural and phase composition of a promising die steel 70Kh3G2FTR for hot deformation is studied. The temperature-and-stress state of a hammer die under a heat treatment is simulated.

Analysis and modeling of hot extrusion die for its service life enhancement

Science.gov (United States)

Akhtar, Syed Sohail

Aluminum extrusion finds extensive application in the construction, automobile and aerospace industries. High pressures, elevated temperatures, complex and intricate section geometries lead to repeated mechanical and thermal stresses in the die and affiliated tooling. Product rework and rejects can be traced back to various defects spread over the die life cycle: die design, die manufacture and heat treatment, process parameters, inprocess die maintenance/correction and, billet type and quality. Therefore, improved and efficient service life of die and related tooling used in the extrusion press is one the most important factors in maximizing productivity and minimizing cost for ensuring the economical efficiency of an aluminum extrusion plant. How often a die has to be scrapped and replaced with a new one directly contributes to the commercial viability of producing a certain profile. The focus of the current work is on three distinct yet inter-related studies pertaining to the improvement of aluminum extrusion die. Study-A (Die Failure Analysis) is an investigation of various modes and critical failure types based on industrial data (Chapter-2 ), examination of failed dies and finite element simulation for identification of critical process parameters and design features in die fatigue-life (Chapter-3). In Study-B (Die Surface Hardening Treatment), two-stage controlled gas nitriding process for H13 steel is evaluated, both experimentally and numerically, in terms of nitrided case morphology and properties (Chapter-4) followed by experimental and numerical investigation of the effects of repeated nitriding (Chapter-5), pre-nitriding surface preparation (Chapter-6) and die profile geometry (Chapter-7) on nitriding performance in regard to die service life. In Study-C (Effect of Billet Quality on Die Life), the effect of billet quality and related influencing extrusion parameters on the die service life is investigated based on industrial data and some regression

Boron-substitution and defects in B2-type AlNi compound: Site-preference and influence on structural, thermodynamic and electronic properties

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Capaz, Rodrigo B. [Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 68528, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-972 (Brazil); ElMassalami, M., E-mail: massalam@if.ufrj.br [Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 68528, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-972 (Brazil); Terrazos, L.A. [Centro de Educação e Saúde, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Cuité, PB 58175-000 (Brazil); Elhadi, M. [Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 68528, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-972 (Brazil); Takeya, H. [National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1, Sengen, Tsukuba, 305-0047 (Japan); Ghivelder, L. [Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 68528, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-972 (Brazil)

2016-06-05

Using a combination of theoretical (first-principles total-energy and electronic structure calculations) as well as experimental (structural, thermodynamics) techniques, we systematically investigated the influence of B incorporation on the structural, electronic and thermodynamic properties of a series of technologically-important B-containing AlNi matrix. Special attention was paid to calculating the energy cost of placing B at various sites within the cubic unit cell. The most energetically favorable defects were identified to be, depending on initial stoichiometry, substitutional B at Al site (B{sub Al}), Ni vacancy (V{sub Ni}), or Ni antisite (Ni{sub Al}). We show that the induced variation in the lattice parameters can be correlated with the type and concentration of the involved defects: e.g. the surge of V{sub Ni} defects leads to a stronger lattice-parameter reduction, that of Ni{sub Al} ones to a relatively weaker reduction while that of B{sub Al} defects to a much weaker influence. Both electronic band structure calculations as well as thermodynamics measurements indicate that the 3d bands of Ni are fully occupied and magnetically unpolarized and that the resulting N(E{sub F}) is very small: all studied compounds are normal conductors with no trace of superconductivity or magnetic polarization.

Die histologie en ultrastruktuur van die hepatopankreas van die bloukurper Oreochromis mossambicus

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M. M. Nel

1990-07-01

Full Text Available Die histologie en ultrastruktuur van die hepatopankreas van die bloukurper Oreochromis mossambicus word beskryf. ’n Dun bindweefselkapsel omring die lewer. Die hepatosietrangskikking vertoon as lobules, met die koorde van hepatosiete wat vanaf ’n sentrale vene uitradieer en met mekaar anastomaseer. Indiwiduele lewerlohules vertoon nie duidelike grense nie, maar enkele duidelike triades word wel in die lewer van O. mossambicus aangetref. Die hepatosiete bevat ’n enkele ronde kern met ’n duidelike nukleolus en die growwe endoplasmiese retikula kom in twee of meer rye om die kerne en teen die selgrense van die hepatosiete voor. Die ander sitoplasmiese organelle kom verspreid in die hepatosietsitoplasma voor. Die eksokriene pankreasselle is om die portale venes gesetel. Die kerne van hierdie selle is rond en is hasaal in die kubies- tot silindervormige selle gelee. ’n Goedontwikkelde growwe endoplasmiese retikulum — vesikulêr, tubulêr en sirkulêr in vorm — en sektretoriese granules wat apikaal in die sel gelee is, kom voor.

DIE SPRACHE VON "BAŠĆANSKA PLOČA" (DIE STEINTAFEL VON BAŠKA

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Stjepan Damjanović

1990-01-01

Full Text Available In einer Mehrzahl von Abhandlungen über Bašćanska ploča berücksichtigen die Verfasser auch die Sprache, in der Regel kurz, nur in einem oder zwei Sätzen. Die größten Bemühungen sind auf die Rekonstruirung der unlesbaren Teilen gerichtet, dagegen nicht weinger interessanter lesbarer Teil regte eine Sprachanalyse selten an. Gewöhnlich wird festgestellt, daß die Tafel in der kroatischen Sprache geschrieben ist, während die philologisch gut unterrichtete Forscher vermeiden diesartige Nenunngen, indem sie das Vorhandensein der altslawischen und altkroatischen Sprachelemente entdeckten. Man versuchte noch nicht in einer Analyse sprachliche Grundschichte und darauf geschichtete Sprachelemente zu bestimmen. Nach dem ersten Eindruck wurde bestimmt, ob es sich um "die kroatische Srpache mit den Elementen der alten slawischen liturgischen Sprache" handelt oder um "die altslawische in der manche kroatische Spracheigenschaften hereingekommen sind". Die Analyse mancher Spracheinzelheiten (Halblaute und "Jat" weist auf altslawische Grundschicht hin. Der Verfasser hat sich trotzdem nicht entschieden den Fachausdruck "kroatische Redaktion des altslawischen" zu verwenden, weil er neue Analyse und neue Begriffsbestimmungen als nötig hält, wie z.B. "Redaktion", "Rezension" usw, um mit Sicherkeit sagen zu können, ob es um kroatische Redaktion des altslawischen oder um andere Formen der altslawischen - alt kroatischen Interferenz geht.

Die verband tussen werkbetrokkenheid en werkprestasie

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. M. E. Bleeker

2002-09-01

Full Text Available The relationship between work involvement and work performance. The primary goal of the study was to determine whether a relationship exists between the work involvement scores and work performance ratings of employees. A secondary goal was to determine whether work involvement could predict future work performance. The ‘‘Alienation-Involvement Scale’’ together with the ‘‘Comprehensive Structured Interviewing for Potential’’, were applied to a sample of convenience of 200 employees in job levels of workers, teamleaders and managers in a large manufacturing organisation. Opsomming Die primere doel van die studie was om vas te stel of daar ’n verband bestaan tussen die werkbetrokkenheidtellings en die werkprestasie-beoordelings van werkers.’n Sekondere oogmerk was om te bepaal of werkbetrokkenheid toekomstige werkprestasie kan voorspel. Die ‘‘Alienation-Involvement Scale’’ saam met die ‘‘Comprehensive Structured Interviewing for Potential’’ is op ’n gerieflikheidsteekproef van 200 werknemers op die posvlakke vanwerkers, spanleiers en bestuurders in ’n goot vervaardigingsonderneming toegepas.

Finite Element Analysis and Die Design of Non-specific Engineering Structure of Aluminum Alloy during Extrusion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen, D.-C.; Lu, Y.-Y.

2010-01-01

Aluminum extension applies to industrial structure, light load, framework rolls and conveyer system platform. Many factors must be controlled in processing the non-specific engineering structure (hollow shape) of the aluminum alloy during extrusion, to obtain the required plastic strain and desired tolerance values. The major factors include the forming angle of the die and temperature of billet and various materials. This paper employs rigid-plastic finite element (FE) DEFORM 3D software to investigate the plastic deformation behavior of an aluminum alloy (A6061, A5052, A3003) workpiece during extrusion for the engineering structure of the aluminum alloy. This work analyzes effective strain, effective stress, damage and die radius load distribution of the billet under various conditions. The analytical results confirm the suitability of the current finite element software for the non-specific engineering structure of aluminum alloy extrusion.

Die rol van persoonlikheidstrekke in die weerstand teen stres

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sonja V. R. van Oudtshoorn

1988-05-01

Full Text Available The role of personality characteristics in resistance to stress: A study was conducted to establish whether certain personality characteristics contribute to resistance to stress. Rescue brigadesmen, performing dangerous rescue operations in the goldmining industry, served as basis for the study. The sample consisted of 63 current, 56 ex- and 50 non-brigadesmen. Results indicate that brigadesmen, on the basis of their personality structure, are better equipped to cope with stress. Scores on the 16PF show that they have a lower level of interpersonal anxiety (Factor Q4 and that they are more practical (Factor I, emotionally stable (Factor C, and conscientious (Factor G. These findings support existing knowledge of the 16PF. Opsomming Ten einde vas te stel ofdaar sekere persoonlikheidstrekke bestaan wat bydra tot weerstand teen stres, is 'n studie uitgevoer met reddingspanlede, wat lewensgevaarlike reddingsdiens in die goudmynbedryf verrig, as ondersoekgroep. Die streekproefhet uit 63 huidige, 56 oud-reddingspanlede en 50 amptenare, wat nog nooit aan die span behoort het nie, bestaan. Dit blyk dat reddingspanlede, op grond van hulle persoonlikheidstruktuur, beter toegerus is om stres te hanteer. Tellings op die 16PF toon dat hulle oor 'n laervlakvan interpersoonlike angs beskik, (Faktor Q4, dat hulle meer prakties (Faktor I, emosioneel stabiel (Faktor C en konsensieus is (Faktor G. Hierdie bevindinge sluit aan by die reeds bestaande kennis oor die 16PF.

die impak van metodologie op die verstaan van die nuwe testament

African Journals Online (AJOL)

voorbeeld eers een maal deur die bril van die vorm- en redaksiekritiek na die Evangelies gekyk het, dink jy vir altyd anders oor hulle tot- standkoming. Inderdaad, nuwe metodes lei tot nuwe perspektiewe! Dit is dan ook waar die fokus van hierdie artikel val: die impak van metodologie op die verstaan van die Nuwe ...

Die vrede van Münster / Westfale en die betekenis daarvan vir die ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

In die Suid-Afrikaanse kerkgeskiedenis egter is die Vrede van Münster as epogmakende gebeure tot dusver nie net in die algemeen verwaarloos nie, maar boonop is die direkte verband tussen hierdie sentrale historiese baken aan die een kant en aan die ander kant die vestiging van die VOC se verversingspos aan die ...

die pers as bron oor die geskiedenis van die eerste vrydeidsoorlog

African Journals Online (AJOL)

dood agv wonde wat hy tydens die slag opgedoen het. Dit was vir die Britse volk onaanvaarbaar dat slegs twee Boere gedood is nadat daar tussen. 20 000 en 30 000 rondtes op die Boere afgevuur is. Die pers kon net nie die ware syfers publiseer nie, want dit sou na 'n onwaarheid Iyk. Het die. Britse volk egter die Boere ...

Die partypolitiek en die toekoms van die Afrikaanse volkskultuur

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A.P. Treurnicht

1970-03-01

Full Text Available Reeds in 1853 het die Zuid Afrikaan hom soos volg uitgelaat: „Dis ’n dwaling wat ons reeds meermale bestry het dat ons as Britse onderdane verplig sou wees, om die Britse nasionaliteit ons s’n te maak. Die Kolonis van Hollandse oorsprong kan geen Engelsman word nie, en moet ook geen Nederlander wil wees nie. Wanneer hy weet om sy standpunt te waardeer, dan sal hy as verligte kolonis die grondtrekke van die Engelse volkskarakter met dié van die Nederlandse harmonies leer verenig en daardeur word wat hy as Kapenaar moet word.”

die heidelbergse kategismus en die kategesemateriaal van die ned

African Journals Online (AJOL)

subjek, objek, leerstof en die metodiek van die senior kategese. Bloemfontein: Algemene Jeugkommissie Sondagskoolboekhandel. de rAAd oer ned ger kerken in Zuid AfrikA. 1921. De zevende vergadering: handelinge. 1925. De negende vergadering: handelinge. de villierS, d. W. 1957. Die Kategese in die Ned. Geref.

Die invloed van die neo-marxistiese kultuuranalise op die Wêreldraad van Kerke en die Gereformeerde Kerke van Nederland

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J. M. Vorster

1979-05-01

Full Text Available Toe die studente dwarsoor die VSA en Europa in die laat sestigerjare ’n plotselinge en radikale verset openbaar het teen die bestaande orde, het hulle die deur geopen vir ’n nuwe mededinger om die hart van die Westerse kultuur. Dit is die nou reeds bekende neo-Marxisme. Sedertdien het hierdie jongeling sy voetspore op vele vlakke van die Westerse kultuur gelaat.

Die regsposisie van die gemolesteerde kind 1

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P.J. Schabort

1991-03-01

Full Text Available Hoe reik die reg uit na die seksueel gemolesteerde kind? As na die reg in wye verband gekyk word, sou dit alie wetgewing en alle gemeneregsbeginsels en alle regsprosedures insluit waardeur die Staat poog om molestering te voorkom en die gemolesteerde kind in beskerming te neem. Dit le baie wyd en sou byvoorbeeld die maatreels insluit van die Kindenvet 33 van 1960; die Wet op Egskeiding 70 van 1979; die Wet op Kindersorg 74 van 1983; die Wet op die Status van Kinders 82 van 1987 en die Wet op Bemiddeling in Sekere Egskeidingsaangeleenthede 24 van 1987. Eersdaags sal dit moontlik ook ’n Manifes vir die Regte van Kinders insluit wat vermoedelik geskoei sal wees op die W O se Konvensie vir die Regte van die Kind (1989 w a arv an die RSA tan s nog nie ’n ondertekenaar is nie.

Wie lässt sich die günstigste Schlepperstärke für die Vollmechanisierung des bäuerlichen Familienbetriebes bestimmen?

OpenAIRE

Hartel, Erhard

2018-01-01

Die Durchschnittsgrösse aller Betriebe zwischen 5 und 20 ha liegt in der Bundesrepublik bei 9, 7 ha. Da ein grosser Teil davon, besonders die Betriebe zwischen 5 - 8 ha, zu klein sind, um ein genügendes Einkommen für die Besitzerfamilie abzuwerfen, sollen diese Betriebe durch Aufstockung saniert werden. Die Betriebsgrösse, die unter mittleren Ertragsbedingungen als genügende Existenzgrundlage angesehen wird, liegt zwischen 10 und 15 ha. Damit kommen wir zu einer Durchschnittsgrösse für den Fa...

Die hervertolking van die paradigma in verband met die ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Kerkorde van De Mist en die Algemene Reglement van 1816, wat onderskeidelik vir die Kaapse Kerk en die .... Een van die eerstes was Sam Freiherr von Pufendorf (1632-1694) wat in sy werk De habitu religionis ..... Koning was weer aan bewind (vgl Diepenhorst sj:74w; De Visser 1926/1927 lll:202w). 43.1 JD Janssen ...

Die teologiese skool in die P.U.K vir C.H.O.: met die betekenis van die teologiese skool vir die Christelike wetenskap

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

F. Postma

1944-03-01

Full Text Available Die Teologiese Skool van die Gereformeerde Kerk gedink op 29 November 1944 sy vyf-en-sewentigjarige bestaan.Die Raad en Senaat van die P.U.K. vir C.H.O. wil ook langs hierdie weg die Teologiese Skool van harte gelukwens en die versekering gee dat daar by die outoriteite van die P.U.K. ’n diepgevoelde dankbaarheid heers dat hierdie inrigting sovele jare deur onse God en Vader gedra en gespaar is.

New approaches for the reliability-oriented structural optimization considering time-variant aspects; Neue Ansaetze fuer die zuverlaessigkeitsorientierte Strukturoptimierung unter Beachtung zeitvarianter Aspekte

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kuschel, N.

2000-07-01

The optimization of structures with respect to cost, weight or performance is a well-known application of the nonlinear optimization. However reliability-based structural optimization has been subject of only very few studies. The approaches suggested up to now have been unsatisfactory regarding general possibility of application or easy handling by user. The objective of this thesis is the development of general approaches to solve both optimization problems, the minimization of cost with respect to constraint reliabilty and the maximization of reliability under cost constraint. The extented approach of an one-level-method will be introduced in detail for the time-invariant problems. Here, the reliability of the sturcture will be analysed in the framework of the First-Order-Reliability-Method (FORM). The use of time-variant reliability analysis is necessary for a realistic modelling of many practical problems. Therefore several generalizations of the new approaches will be derived for the time-variant reliability-based structural optimization. Some important properties of the optimization problems are proved. In addition some interesting extensions of the one-level-method, for example the cost optimization of structural series systems and the cost optimization in the frame of the Second-Order-Reliabiity-Method (SORM), are presented in the thesis. (orig.) [German] Die Optimierung von Tragwerken im Hinblick auf die Kosten, das Gewicht oder die Gestalt ist eine sehr bekannte Anwendung der nichtlinearen Optimierung. Die zuverlaessigkeitsorientierte Strukturoptimierung wurde dagegen weit seltener untersucht. Die bisher vorgeschlagenen Ansaetze koennen bezueglich ihrer allgemeinen Verwendbarkeit oder ihrer nutzerfreundlichen Handhabung nicht befriedigen. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist nun die Entwicklung allgemeiner Ansaetze zur Loesung der beiden Optimierungsprobleme, einer Kostenminimierung unter Zuverlaessigkeitsrestriktionen und einer

die sinodale verband van die nederduitse gereformeerde kerk in die

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Liezel

Strauss. Die sinodale verband van die Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk. 122 die Vrystaatse Sinode anti-veranderingsgesind of eerder gesond-behoudend of gereformeerd-gematig? Veral as dit .... howe) in moeilike omstandighede gebring is (NG Kerk in die OVS 1865-1912:5). In 'n brief op 8 Augustus 1864 ontken Ds.

Die kerkregtelike posisie van die ouderling en diaken in die ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

... drie dekades die Kerkreg gevestig as 'n selfstandige vak in die teologiese curriculum, maar ook 'n baie groot rol gespeel daarin dat die beginsels van die kerk like reg beter begryp word. Naas sy wetenskaplike bydrae word met eweveel genoegdoening gedink aan sy bcsondere persoonlikheid, sy werkvermoe, sy humor-.

The lanthanoid(III) chloride oxoselenates(IV) MCl[SeO3] (M = Sm - Lu) with HoCl[TeO3]- or B-type structure

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lipp, C.; Schleid, T.

2008-01-01

The B-type lanthanoid(III) chloride oxoselenates(IV) MCl[SeO 3 ] (M = Sm - Lu) crystallize in the orthorhombic space group Pnma (no. 62) with Z = 4 in the structure type of HoCl[TeO 3 ]. Their lattice constants are decreasing following the lanthanoid contraction from a = 730.01(7), b = 707.90(7), c 895.64(9) pm for SmCl[SeO 3 ] to a = 714.63(7), b = 681.76(7), c = 864.05(9) pm for LuCl[SeO 3 ]. In contrast to NdCl[SeO 3 ], the only representative of the A-type structure, where the coordination numbers of the Nd 3+ cations are 7+2 and 8, the B-type structure is dominated by pentagonal bipyramids [MO 5 Cl 2 ] 9- (CN(M 3+ ) = 7), which are connected via trans-oriented O..O edges to ∞ 1 {[MO 4/2 e O 1/1 t Cl 2/1 t ] 5- } chains (e = edge-sharing, t = terminal) running parallel to the [010] direction. Their inclination relative to each other allows for an alternating interconnection of these chains via Cl - and ψ 1 -tetrahedral [SeO 3 ] 2- anions to form a three-dimensional structure. The distances within the [SeO 3 ] 2- groups are in the normal range (d(Se-O) = 165 - 172 pm), while those of the O 2- and Cl - anions to the central M 3+ cation diminish in dependence of the increasing atomic number (d(M-O) = 226 - 244 pm / 216 - 232 pm, d(M-Cl) 277 - 278 pm / 266 - 270 pm, M = Sm / Lu). For the synthesis of the chloride oxoselenates(IV) MCl[SeO 3 ] the respective lanthanoid sesquioxide (M 2 O 3 ) and selenium dioxide (SeO 2 ) were reacted with either an eutectic mixture of RbCl and LiCl or with the corresponding lanthanoid trichloride (MCl 3 ) in evacuated silica ampoules for either five weeks at 500 C or one week at 850 C. (orig.)

The EU electricity production structure requires a differentiated energy policy; Die Stromerzeugungsstruktur der EU erfordert eine differenzierte Energiepolitik

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Anon.

2016-04-15

For the electricity production of the EU there are differentiated structures which are based on different natural conditions, political decisions and investments of past decades. It has long been struggled committed to the ''one and correct'' energy policy. But precisely because of the differences in the individual countries, a unified energy and climate policy for the EU is not the right way. Diversity is a strength, which quite the EU Commission considered. Increased understanding of the specifics in other countries should just apply the German politics and the public that all too often judges from their own perspective. [German] Bei der Stromerzeugung in der EU bestehen differenzierte Strukturen, die auf unterschiedlichen natuerlichen Gegebenheiten, politischen Entscheidungen und Investitionen vergangener Jahrzehnte beruhen. Seit langem wird engagiert um die ''eine und richtige'' Energiepolitik gerungen. Doch gerade wegen der Unterschiede in den einzelnen Laendern kann eine vereinheitlichte Energie- und Klimapolitik fuer die EU nicht der richtige Weg sein. Vielfalt ist eine Staerke, was die EU-Kommission durchaus beruecksichtigt. Mehr Verstaendnis fuer die Spezifika in anderen Laendern sollte daher gerade die deutsche Politik und Oeffentlichkeit aufbringen, die allzu oft aus eigener Perspektive heraus urteilt.

M erw e . Pentateugtradisies in die prediking van Deuterojesaja ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Test

B. J. van der M erw e . Pentateugtradisies in die prediking van Deuterojesaja. Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van Doctor in de God geleerdheid aan de Rijkuniversiteit te Groningen. Uitg. J. B. Wolters,. Groningen, Djakarta. 1955. 280 bis. Met hierdie deur die uitgewer in verskillende duidelike lettertipes.

Die gebruik van parallelplaatreologie vir die bepaling van die intrinsieke viskositeit van poli-etileentereftalaat

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

O. C. Vorster

2005-09-01

Full Text Available Die bepaling van die intrinsieke viskositeit van poli-etileentereftalaat word bemoeilik deur die feit dat daar tans slegs twee metodes in gebruik is. In die eerste metode word die bepaling deur middel van oplossingsviskometrie gedoen, maar die toksisiteit van die oplosmiddel, asook die tydperk wat dit neem om die bepaling te doen, is ’n probleem. Die tweede metode word beperk deur die kompleksiteit en beskikbaarheid van die apparatuur in Suid-Afrika. In hierdie studie word ’n alternatiewe metode, gebaseer op parallelplaatreologie, voorgestel wat albei hierdie probleme oorkom en die resultate sodoende verkry, word vergelyk met dié wat met bestaande metodes verkry is.

Elucidating structural order and disorder phenomena in mullite-type Al{sub 4}B{sub 2}O{sub 9} by automated electron diffraction tomography

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhao, Haishuang; Krysiak, Yaşar [Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Jakob-Welder-Weg 11, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55128 Mainz (Germany); Hoffmann, Kristin [Crystallography, Department of Geosciences, Klagenfurter Str. 2, GEO, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen (Germany); Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Crystallography, Leobener Str. NW2, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen (Germany); Barton, Bastian [Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Jakob-Welder-Weg 11, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55128 Mainz (Germany); Molina-Luna, Leopoldo [Department of Materials and Geoscience, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstr. 23, 64287 Darmstadt (Germany); Neder, Reinhard B. [Department of Physics, Lehrstuhl für Kristallographie und Strukturphysik, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr.3, 91058 Erlangen (Germany); Kleebe, Hans-Joachim [Department of Materials and Geoscience, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstr. 23, 64287 Darmstadt (Germany); Gesing, Thorsten M. [Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Crystallography, Leobener Str. NW2, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen (Germany); MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, Bibliothekstr.1, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen (Germany); Schneider, Hartmut [Crystallography, Department of Geosciences, Klagenfurter Str. 2, GEO, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen (Germany); Fischer, Reinhard X. [Crystallography, Department of Geosciences, Klagenfurter Str. 2, GEO, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen (Germany); MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, Bibliothekstr.1, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen (Germany); and others

2017-05-15

The crystal structure and disorder phenomena of Al{sub 4}B{sub 2}O{sub 9}, an aluminum borate from the mullite-type family, were studied using automated diffraction tomography (ADT), a recently established method for collection and analysis of electron diffraction data. Al{sub 4}B{sub 2}O{sub 9}, prepared by sol-gel approach, crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/m. The ab initio structure determination based on three-dimensional electron diffraction data from single ordered crystals reveals that edge-connected AlO{sub 6} octahedra expanding along the b axis constitute the backbone. The ordered structure (A) was confirmed by TEM and HAADF-STEM images. Furthermore, disordered crystals with diffuse scattering along the b axis are observed. Analysis of the modulation pattern implies a mean superstructure (AAB) with a threefold b axis, where B corresponds to an A layer shifted by ½a and ½c. Diffraction patterns simulated for the AAB sequence including additional stacking disorder are in good agreement with experimental electron diffraction patterns. - Graphical abstract: Crystal structure and disorder phenomena of B-rich Al{sub 4}B{sub 2}O{sub 9} studied by automated electron diffraction tomography (ADT) and described by diffraction simulation using DISCUS. - Highlights: • Ab-initio structure solution by electron diffraction from single nanocrystals. • Detected modulation corresponding mainly to three-fold superstructure. • Diffuse diffraction streaks caused by stacking faults in disordered crystals. • Observed streaks explained by simulated electron diffraction patterns.

Interspecies radioimmunoassay for the major structural proteins of primate type-D retroviruses

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Colcher, D.; Teramoto, Y.A.; Schlom, J.

1977-01-01

A competition radioimmunoassay has been developed in which type-D retroviruses from three primate species compete. The assay utilizes the major structural protein (36,000 daltons) of the endogenous squirrel monkey retrovirus and antisera directed against the major structural protein (27,000 daltons) of the Mason-Pfizer monkey virus isolated from rhesus monkeys. Purified preparations of both viruses grown in heterologous cells, as well as extracts of heterologous cells infected with squirrel monkey retrovirus or Mason-Pfizer monkey virus, compete completely in the assay. Addition of an endogenous virus of the langur monkey also results in complete blocking. No blocking in the assay is observed with type-C baboon viruses, woolly monkey virus, and gibbon virus. Various other type-C and type-B viruses also showed no reactivity. An interspecies assay has thus been developed that recognizes the type-D retroviruses from both Old World monkey (rhesus and langur) and New World monkey (squirrel) species

Die ontwikkeling van die bestuursmotiveringsvraelys (BMV

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. S. Engelbrecht

1991-06-01

Full Text Available The development of the Managerial Motivation Questionnaire (MMQ: Several criticisms of the psychometric suitability of existing measures of managerial motivation are reported in the literature. This study aimed at developing a new psychometrically sound instrument, the Managerial Motivation Questionnaire (MMQ. This was done on the basis of a comprehensive study of the literature on managerial motivation and the role-motivation theory. The preliminary MMQ was systematically shortened and refined until the final MMQ of 98 items was composed. This was based on social desirability and semantic appraisal, item analysis and factor analysis of the questionnaire. The results indicate that it was possible to develop a final MMQ that was relatively free of social desirability. It further demonstrated satsifactory internal consistencies on two samples (a = 0/90, N = 360; a = 0/91, N = 535, where all subscale items were found to be relatively pure measures of the isolated factors. Although some evidence was found providing support for the reliability of the MMQ, a need for further research on the construct validity of managerial motivation still exists. Opsomming In die literatuur word verskeie punte van kritiek teen die psigometriese geskiktheid van bestaande meetinstrumente van bestuursmotivering gerapporteer. Die doelstelling van hierdie studie was dus om aan die hand van die konseptuele omiyning van bestuursmotivering, en die rolmotiveringsteorie as algemene verwysingsraamwerk, 'n nuwe psigometries aanvaarbare meetinstrument, die Bestuursmotiveringsvraelys (BMV, te ontwikkel. Op grond van sosiale wenslikheids- en semantiese beoordeling, itemontleding en faktorontleding van die voorlopige BMV is die vraelys stelselmatig verkort en verfyn totdat die finale BMV van 98 items saamgestel is. Die resultate dui daarop dat hierdie studie wel daarin geslaag het om 'n finale BMV te ontwikkel wat relatief vry van sosiale wenslikheid is, bevredigende interne

Gespiegelte Planeten – Die Anordnung der Pyramiden von Gizeh

OpenAIRE

Jelitto, Hans

2000-01-01

Antike Bauwerke wurden wiederholt auf astronomische Zusammenhänge hin untersucht, so z. B. ihre Ausrichtung in Bezug auf die Bewegung von Sonne oder Sternen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurden für die Pyramiden von Gizeh drei ungewöhnliche Gleichungen entdeckt, die die Pyramidengrößen mit einer Genauigkeit von ca. 0,1 % festlegen. Gleichzeitig legen diese drei Gleichungen nahe, die drei Pyramiden in der Reihenfolge Mykerinos-, Chefren- und Cheopspyramide den inneren drei Planeten unseres Sonnensys...

Structure and physical properties of Cr{sub 5}B{sub 3}-type Ta{sub 5}Si{sub 3} and Ta{sub 5}Ge{sub 3}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yuan, Fang; Forbes, Scott [Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1 (Canada); Ramachandran, Krishna Kumar [Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2 (Canada); Mozharivskyj, Yurij, E-mail: mozhar@mcmaster.ca [Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1 (Canada)

2015-11-25

The Cr{sub 5}B{sub 3}-type Ta{sub 5}Si{sub 3} phase was prepared by arc-melting, while the Cr{sub 5}B{sub 3}-type Ta{sub 5}Ge{sub 3} one was synthesized through sintering at 1000 °C. X-ray single crystal diffraction was employed to elucidate their structure. According to the magnetization measurements, both Ta{sub 5}Si{sub 3} and Ta{sub 5}Ge{sub 3} are Pauli paramagnets, with Ta{sub 5}Ge{sub 3} showing a Curie-Weiss-like paramagnetic behavior at low temperatures likely due to presence of paramagnetic impurity. Both Ta{sub 5}Si{sub 3} and Ta{sub 5}Ge{sub 3} display a very low electrical resistivity from 2 to 300 K. The resistivity is constant below 20 K, but displays a positive temperature coefficient above 20 K. Electronic structure calculations with the TB-LMTO-ASA method support the metallic character of the two phases and suggest that the bonding is optimized in both phases. - Highlights: • Synthesis of Cr{sub 5}B{sub 3}-type Ta{sub 5}Si{sub 3} and Ta{sub 5}Ge{sub 3} phases with high purity by arc-melting and sintering, respectively. • Magnetization data and electrical resistivity of the Cr{sub 5}B{sub 3}-type Ta{sub 5}Si{sub 3} and Ta{sub 5}Ge{sub 3} phases. • Crystal and electronic structure analysis for Ta{sub 5}Si{sub 3} and Ta{sub 5}Ge{sub 3} phase by X-ray diffraction and TB-LMTO-ASA calculations.

Die uitbouing van die Bybelse kanon in antieke Judaïsme en die ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

31 Jul 2015 ... die oer-Christelike boodskap tot by sy Ou Testamentiese wortels, die geskrifte van Israel wat cum grano salis die 'Bybel' van die oer-Christendom geword het en die blywende verwysingspunt van die Christelike boodskap is. Erkenning. Hierdie artikel is vertaal na Afrikaans deur Prof. Jan G. van der Watt.

Atomic Structure of Type VI Contractile Sheath from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Salih, Osman; He, Shaoda; Planamente, Sara; Stach, Lasse; MacDonald, James T; Manoli, Eleni; Scheres, Sjors H W; Filloux, Alain; Freemont, Paul S

2018-02-06

Pseudomonas aeruginosa has three type VI secretion systems (T6SSs), H1-, H2-, and H3-T6SS, each belonging to a distinct group. The two T6SS components, TssB/VipA and TssC/VipB, assemble to form tubules that conserve structural/functional homology with tail sheaths of contractile bacteriophages and pyocins. Here, we used cryoelectron microscopy to solve the structure of the H1-T6SS P. aeruginosa TssB1C1 sheath at 3.3 Å resolution. Our structure allowed us to resolve some features of the T6SS sheath that were not resolved in the Vibrio cholerae VipAB and Francisella tularensis IglAB structures. Comparison with sheath structures from other contractile machines, including T4 phage and R-type pyocins, provides a better understanding of how these systems have conserved similar functions/mechanisms despite evolution. We used the P. aeruginosa R2 pyocin as a structural template to build an atomic model of the TssB1C1 sheath in its extended conformation, allowing us to propose a coiled-spring-like mechanism for T6SS sheath contraction. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Simulation of Stamping Process of Automotive Panel Considering Die Deformation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Keum, Y.T.; Ahn, I.H.; Lee, I.K.; Song, M.H.; Kwon, S.O.; Park, J.S.

2005-01-01

In order to see the effect of die deformation on the forming of sheet metals, the draw-ins, strains, and spring-backs of an automotive fender panels are numerically simulated considering the die deformation, which is found by the simultaneous structural analysis of press and dies. By coupling the forming analysis and the structural analysis, the die deformation is simultaneously taken into account in the forming process. Furthermore, for the consideration of load difference transferred among the upper die, punch, and blank holder due to the changes in sheet thickness, the gap elements are employed instead of the blank sheet in the structural analysis. The numerical simulation results of an automotive fender draw panel are compared with the measurements. The comparison of the forming and spring-back analysis results between the rigid die and the deformed die shows that the deformed tool provides more accurate forming and spring-back prediction

The Structural Reforms of the Chinese Statistical System Die Strukturreformen des chinesischen Statistiksystems

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Günter Moser

2009-04-01

Full Text Available The quality of statistical data covering the economic and social development of the People’s Republic of China has been questioned by international and national data users for years. The reasons for this doubt lie mainly in the structure of the Chinese system of statistics. Two parallel systems exist which operate largely autonomously: the national system of statistics and the sectoral system of statistics. In the area of the national statistical system, the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS has the authority to order and collect statistics. This competence lies with the ministries and authorities below the ministerial level. This article describes and analyses these structures, the resulting problems, and the reform measures taken to date. It also aims to provide a better understanding of the statistical data about the People’s Republic of China and to enable an assessment of them within a changing structural context. In conclusion, approaches to further reforms will be provided based on the author’s long-standing experience in cooperation projects with the official Chinese statistics agencies. Die Qualität der Statistiken zur ökonomischen und sozialen Entwicklung in der Volksrepublik China ist in letzter Zeit sowohl von ausländischen wie auch von einheimischen Nutzern der Daten in Frage gestellt worden. Die Gründe dafür liegen vor allem in der Struktur des Erhebungssystems in China.

Die Facharztweiterbildung in Großbritannien oder die "Modernisierung der ärztlichen Karrieren" [Modernising Medical Careers

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

du Moulin, Marcel

2007-05-01

Full Text Available [english] This paper analyses the reform of postgraduate medical education introduced in the United Kingdom in 2003 under the heading "Modernising Medical Careers“. This nationally standardised and structured postgraduate medical training was started in 2005. The analysis includes the transition from undergraduate to postgraduate education, the new responsibilities in postgraduate education, the application process and the mode of distribution of the positions and the relationship of posts with and without postgraduate training opportunities. Possible consequences for postgraduate training and for the trainees are discussed. [german] Die Arbeit beschreibt und analysiert die Reform der Facharztweiterbildung in Großbritannien, die 2003 unter dem Titel "Modernising Medical Careers“ eingeführt wurde und seit 2005 umgesetzt wird. Vorgestellt werden der Übergang von der Ausbildung zur Weiterbildung, die neuen Zuständigkeiten für die Weiterbildung, das Auswahlverfahren und der Verteilungsmodus der Weiterbildungsstellen sowie das Verhältnis von Stellen mit und ohne Facharztperspektive. Die potenziellen Folgen für die Facharztweiterbildung und für die Weitergebildeten werden diskutiert.

Electronic and elastic properties of new semiconducting oP{sub 12}-type RuB{sub 2} and OsB{sub 2}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hao Xianfeng; Xu Yuanhui; Gao Faming, E-mail: xfhao1980@yahoo.com.cn [Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004 (China)

2011-03-30

Using first-principles total energy calculations we investigate the structural, elastic and electronic properties of new hypothetical oP{sub 12}-type phase RuB{sub 2} and OsB{sub 2}. The calculations indicate that the oP{sub 12}-type phase RuB{sub 2} and OsB{sub 2} are thermodynamically and mechanically stable. Remarkably, the new phases RuB{sub 2} and OsB{sub 2} are predicted to be semiconductors, and the appearance of band gaps is ascribed to the enhanced B-B covalent hybridization. Compared to metallic oP{sub 6}-type RuB{sub 2} and OsB{sub 2} phases, the new phases possess similar mechanical properties and hardness. The combination of the probability of tunable electronic properties, strong stiffness and high hardness make RuB{sub 2} and OsB{sub 2} attractive and interesting for advanced applications.

Electronic structure of the boron fullerene B14 and its silicon derivatives B13Si(+), B13Si(-) and B12Si2: a rationalization using a cylinder model.

Science.gov (United States)

Van Duong, Long; Nguyen, Minh Tho

2016-06-29

Geometric and electronic structures of the boron cluster B14 and its silicon derivatives B13Si(+), B13Si(-), and B12Si2 were determined using DFT calculations (TPSSh/6-311+G(d)). The B12Si2 fullerene, which is formed by substituting two B atoms at two apex positions of the B14 fullerene by two Si atoms, was also found as the global minimum structure. We demonstrated that the electronic structure and orbital configuration of these small fullerenes can be predicted by the wavefunctions of a particle on a cylinder. The early appearance of high angular node MOs in B14 and B12Si2 can be understood by this simple model. Replacement of one B atom at a top position of B14 by one Si atom, followed by the addition or removal of one electron does not lead to a global minimum fullerene structure for the anion B13Si(-) and cation B13Si(+). The early appearance of the 5σ1 orbital in B13Si(+) causes a lower stability for the fullerene-type structure.

DIE ROL VAN DIE TAALWETENSKAP IN DIE ONTWIKKELING VAN ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

aanslag op die sogenaamde "Intentional Fallacy", heelwat verder. n. Mens sou hier eintlik ook op die invloed van Lacan se toepassing van. De Sacs sure op Freud moet wys, en op Macherey se Theory of Literary. Production. Barthes is naamlik besig om repressie teen te werk, en die teks as produksieproses in stede van ...

Die belangrikste kenmerk van die diereproduksie- bedrywe oor die ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

digdhede teen 1980 uit 'n kudde van 30 rnilj.skape ge- produseer moet word. Tweedens sal die faktore ... die Republiek van Suid-Mrika teen 1980 in totaal 28 milj. sal wees. Indien die produsente dit as 'n ..... Appendix Table 4 in Digestive Physiology and nutrition of ruminants Vol. 3 Ed. and Publ. D.C. Church, Oregon State ...

Type B drum packages

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

McCoy, J.C.

1994-08-01

The Type B drum packages (TBD) are conceptualized as a family of containers in which a single 208 L or 114 L (55 gal or 30 gal) drum containing Type B quantities of radioactive material (RAM) can be packaged for shipment. The TBD containers are being developed to fill a void in the packaging and transportation capabilities of the U.S. Department of Energy as no container packaging single drums of Type B RAM exists offering double containment. Several multiple-drum containers currently exist, as well as a number of shielded casks, but the size and weight of these containers present many operational challenges for single-drum shipments. As an alternative, the TBD containers will offer up to three shielded versions (light, medium, and heavy) and one unshielded version, each offering single or optional double containment for a single drum. To reduce operational complexity, all versions will share similar design and operational features where possible. The primary users of the TBD containers are envisioned to be any organization desiring to ship single drums of Type B RAM, such as laboratories, waste retrieval activities, emergency response teams, etc. Currently, the TBD conceptual design is being developed with the final design and analysis to be completed in 1995 to 1996. Testing and certification of the unshielded version are planned to be completed in 1996 to 1997 with production to begin in 1997 to 1998

Maintaining Low Voiding Solder Die Attach for Power Die While Minimizing Die Tilt

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hamm, Randy; Peterson, Kenneth A.

2015-10-01

This paper addresses work to minimize voiding and die tilt in solder attachment of a large power die, measuring 9.0 mm X 6.5 mm X 0.1 mm (0.354” x 0.256” x 0.004”), to a heat spreader. As demands for larger high power die continue, minimizing voiding and die tilt is of interest for improved die functionality, yield, manufacturability, and reliability. High-power die generate considerable heat, which is important to dissipate effectively through control of voiding under high thermal load areas of the die while maintaining a consistent bondline (minimizing die tilt). Voiding was measured using acoustic imaging and die tilt was measured using two different optical measurement systems. 80Au-20Sn solder reflow was achieved using a batch vacuum solder system with optimized fixturing. Minimizing die tilt proved to be the more difficult of the two product requirements to meet. Process development variables included tooling, weight and solder preform thickness.

Die brein soos beskou deur die Grieke en Romeine

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francois P. Retief

2015-02-01

Full Text Available In Ou Egipte is mummifikasie met uitgebreide reseksie of uitsnyding van organe geassosieer, maar geen kennis is geneem van die morfologie van die brein nie. Griekse skrywers van die sesde en vyfde eeue v.C. het die brein aanvanklik gesien as die setel van intelligensie, die orgaan van sensoriese waarneming en gedeeltelik die oorsprong van sperma. Pneuma het ’n belangrike rol in breinfunksie gespeel. Hippokrates was die eerste om die brein te beskryf as ’n dubbele orgaan, wat met harsingvlies (meninges bedek, funksioneel van pneuma afhanklik en vertolker van begrip is. Tydgenote soos Plato, Aristoteles en Diokles het tot die beskrywing bygedra, maar laasgenoemde twee het beweer dat die hart die middelpunt van intelligensie is en nie die brein nie. Gedurende die laaste helfte van die vierde eeu v.C. is disseksie van die menslike liggaam tydelik aan die mediese skool van Alexandrië toegelaat en het dit tot merkwaardige vooruitgang in die begrip van die menslike anatomie en fisiologie gelei. Herofilus en Erasistratus het uitstekende beskrywings van die struktuur en funksie van die brein gegee wat eers in die tweede eeu n.C. deur Galenus geëwenaar is.

Die Britse owerheid en die onderwys op Heidelberg gedurende die ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The establishment of Christian National Education (CNE) Schools stimulated the concept of mother tongue education. Oor die klaskamerpraktyk en die werklike gehalte van onderrig tydens die kampskooltydperk is daar min bekend. Heidelberg wat na 1902 in 'n belangrike onderwyssentrum in Transvaal ontwikkel het, het ...

Die Rolle von Osteoklasten bei der arthritischen Knochenerosion

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Schett G

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Knöcherne Erosionen stellen eine wesentliche Ursache für die funktionelle Einschränkung von Patienten mit rheumatoider Arthritis dar. Bis vor kurzem war über den Pathomechanismus dieser Veränderungen nur wenig bekannt. Dieser Review faßt die letzten Erkenntnisse über die Ausbildung einer Knochenschädigung bei entzündlichen Gelenkerkrankungen zusammen und fokussiert insbesondere die Rolle von Osteoklasten. Es wird ein Überblickzu den Hinweisen für eine Präsenz von Osteoklasten im entzündlich veränderten Gelenk gegeben. Weiters werden die Faktoren diskutiert, die die Osteoklastogenese im Rahmen einer Gelenkentzündung aktivieren können. Hier wird im besonderen auf die Rolle von Receptor-Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa B Ligand (RANKL eingegangen. Im weiteren werden die Auswirkungen einer Osteoklastenhemmung in den verschiedenen Arthritismodellen zusammengefaßt und Möglichkeiten einer therapeutischen Nutzung bei rheumatoider Arthritis diskutiert.

Sedimentêre omgewings van die Inhaca-eilandstelsel met spesiale verwysing na die petrografiese en geochemiese eienskappe van die sedimente spesiale verwysing na die petrografiese en geochemiese eienskappe van die sedimente

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marieke Peché

2011-09-01

Full Text Available Die Inhaca-eilandstelsel is geleë langs die suidooskus van Mosambiek. Die oostekant van die stelsel grens aan die Indiese Oseaan en die westekant aan die Baai van Maputo. Hierdie eilandstelsel bestaan uit Inhaca- en Portugese eiland, asook ’n groep sandbanke wat van die noordlike punt van Inhaca na Portugese eiland strek. Die doel van hierdie studie is om die verskillende moderne en oer-sedimentêre omgewings op die eilandstelsel te identifiseer en te beskryf, die invloed van getye en golfaksie op die moderne sedimentêre omgewing vas te stel en die geochemiese en petrografiese samestelling van die geologiese eenhede te bepaal.

Oligomeric states of the Shigella translocator protein IpaB provide structural insights into formation of the type III secretion translocon

Science.gov (United States)

Dickenson, Nicholas E; Choudhari, Shyamal P; Adam, Philip R; Kramer, Ryan M; Joshi, Sangeeta B; Middaugh, C Russell; Picking, Wendy L; Picking, William D

2013-01-01

The Shigella flexneri Type III secretion system (T3SS) senses contact with human intestinal cells and injects effector proteins that promote pathogen entry as the first step in causing life threatening bacillary dysentery (shigellosis). The Shigella Type III secretion apparatus (T3SA) consists of an anchoring basal body, an exposed needle, and a temporally assembled tip complex. Exposure to environmental small molecules recruits IpaB, the first hydrophobic translocator protein, to the maturing tip complex. IpaB then senses contact with a host cell membrane, forming the translocon pore through which effectors are delivered to the host cytoplasm. Within the bacterium, IpaB exists as a heterodimer with its chaperone IpgC; however, IpaB's structural state following secretion is unknown due to difficulties isolating stable protein. We have overcome this by coexpressing the IpaB/IpgC heterodimer and isolating IpaB by incubating the complex in mild detergents. Interestingly, preparation of IpaB with n-octyl-oligo-oxyethylene (OPOE) results in the assembly of discrete oligomers while purification in N,N-dimethyldodecylamine N-oxide (LDAO) maintains IpaB as a monomer. In this study, we demonstrate that IpaB tetramers penetrate phospholipid membranes to allow a size-dependent release of small molecules, suggesting the formation of discrete pores. Monomeric IpaB also interacts with liposomes but fails to disrupt them. From these and additional findings, we propose that IpaB can exist as a tetramer having inherent flexibility, which allows it to cooperatively interact with and insert into host cell membranes. This event may then lay the foundation for formation of the Shigella T3SS translocon pore. PMID:23456854

Die Ware Buch und die Philologie

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bernhard Hurch

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Die im 19. Jahrhundert sich verändernden Produktionsbedingungen für Druckwerke (Buchdruck, Satz, Papier, Bindung wirkten katalysierend auf die Fachkonstitution und Institutionalisierung der Philologien. Hier steht der tatsächliche Buchmarkt im Vordergrund der Darstellung, das Käuferpublikum und die Voraussetzungen des Vertriebs. Dazu gehören auch die Rezension als entstehende Textsorte und die rasch arbeitenden Rezensionsorgane. F.-R. Hausmann wurde in den letzten Jahren unentbehrlicher Mitarbeiter dieses im Rahmen des Grazer Schuchardt-Projekts "Netzwerk des Wissens" angesiedelten Ansatzes.

Analysis of A-Type and B-Type Highly Polymeric Proanthocyanidins and Their Biological Activities as Nutraceuticals

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kazushige Yokota

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Proanthocyanidins have a series of heteroflavan-3-ols, (+-catechin/(−-epicatechin units, which are linked through a single B-type linkage and a doubly linked A-type linkage. Recently, we have performed the structural characterization of seed shells of the Japanese horse chestnut and fruits of blueberry and cranberry. The molecular sizes of them were higher in the order of blueberry > cranberry > seed shells of the Japanese horse chestnut between the respective fractions. For the analysis of terminal and extension units in those proanthocyanidins, the isolated fractions were subjected to the thiolytic cleavage of the B-type linkages using 1-dodecanethiol, and the resulting degradation products were identified by ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry. These analyses provided fast and good resolution of the degradation products and revealed higher proportions of A-type linkages compared with B-type linkages in both isolated fractions in the order of the seed shells > cranberry > blueberry. Moreover, the isolated fractions with higher molecular sizes and those more abundant in the proportions of A-type linkages were found to be more effective in the inhibition of pancreatic lipase activity. The results suggest that A-type highly polymeric proanthocyanidins are promising for the attenuation of lipid digestion as dietary supplements.

Die tug oor ampsdraers tydens die doleansie van 1886

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J. Visser

1986-06-01

Full Text Available In art 29 van die Nederlandse Geloofsbelydenis word bely: “Die merktekens om die ware Kerk te ken is die volgende: As die Kerk die suiwere prediking van die evangelie uitoefen, as dit die suiwer bediening van die sakramente gebruik soos Christus dit ingestel het, as die kerklike tug gebruik word om die sondes te straf.” Dit spreek vanself dat wanneer ampsdraers, aan wie Christus sy kudde toevertrou het (Hand 20 : 28, met leer en /of lewenswandel in sonde volhard en nie daarin met tug gestuit word nie, word die ware kerk nie gebou nie maar afgebreek. 0ns sal later in hierdie artikel aantoon hoedanig die suiwer tug oor ampsdraers, veral leertug, tydens die Doleansie tot skade van die kerk van Christus agterweë gebly het.

Detection of mouse endogenous type B astrocytes migrating towards brain lesions

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Gema Elvira

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Neuroblasts represent the predominant migrating cell type in the adult mouse brain. There are, however, increasing evidences of migration of other neural precursors. This work aims at identifying in vivo endogenous early neural precursors, different from neuroblasts, able to migrate in response to brain injuries. The monoclonal antibody Nilo1, which unequivocally identifies type B astrocytes and embryonic radial glia, was coupled to magnetic glyconanoparticles (mGNPs. Here we show that Nilo1–mGNPs in combination with magnetic resonance imaging in living mice allowed the in vivo identification of endogenous type B astrocytes at their niche, as well as their migration to the lesion site in response to glioblastoma, demyelination, cryolesion or mechanical injuries. In addition, Nilo1+ adult radial glia-like structures were identified at the lesion site a few hours after damage. For all damage models used, type B astrocyte migration was fast and orderly. Identification of Nilo1+ cells surrounding an induced glioblastoma was also possible after intraperitoneal injection of the antibody. This opens up the possibility of an early identification of the initial damage site(s after brain insults, by the migration of type B astrocytes.

Die kritiek van tradisie en die tradisie van kritiek in die Geesteswetenskappe. 'n Rekonstruksie van die debat tussen Habermas en Gadamer

OpenAIRE

Duvenage, Pieter

2013-01-01

In hierdie bydrae word die bekende debat (1967-1971) tussen Jürgen Habermas en Hans-Georg Gadamer gerekonstrueer. Die debat word hier in noue samehang met die kwessie van die geesteswetenskappe gelees. Die bydrae val in vier dele uiteen. In die eerste afdeling word Habermas se opening tot die debat in vyf onderafdelings uiteengesit. Dit gaan hier oor Gadamer se verdediging van tradisie en Habermas se kritiek op die begrip (1.1). In antwoord op Gadamer se begrip van tradisie ontwerp Habermas s...

Die transvaalse ontwerp-ordonnansie oor die onderwys

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J. C. Coetzee

1952-03-01

Full Text Available In ’n Buitengewone Provinsiale Koerant van die Provinsie Transvaal is onder datum 25 Junie 1952 gepubliseer ’n „Ontwerp-Ordonnansie tot samevatting en wysiging van die Wette betreffende die Sentrale Beheer van die Onderwys, die Plaaslike Beheer van Skole, Godsdiensonderrig in Openbare Skole, Taal en die Onderwys, Onderwyspersoneel, Verpligte Onderwys, Toelating van Leerlinge tot Skole, Klasse of Inrigtings, Openbare Onderwys, Private Skole, Onderwys vir Kleurlinge en Asiate en Onderwys vir Naturelle, en om vir sake in verband daarmee voorsiening te maak” .

Centromere pairing by a plasmid-encoded type I ParB protein

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ringgaard, Simon; Löwe, Jan; Gerdes, Kenn

2007-01-01

The par2 locus of Escherichia coli plasmid pB171 encodes two trans-acting proteins, ParA and ParB, and two cis-acting sites, parC1 and parC2, to which ParB binds cooperatively. ParA is related to MinD and oscillates in helical structures and thereby positions ParB/parC-carrying plasmids regularly......, hence identifying the N terminus of ParB as a requirement for ParB-mediated centromere pairing. These observations suggest that centromere pairing is an important intermediate step in plasmid partitioning mediated by the common type I loci....

Packaging design criteria for the Type B Drum

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Edwards, W.S.; Smith, R.J.; Wells, A.H.

1995-09-01

The Type B Drum package is a transportation cask capable of shipping a single 55-gal (208 L) drum of transuranic (TRU) waste. The Type B Drum is smaller than existing certified packages, such as the TRUPACT-II cask, but will allow payloads with higher thermal and gas generation rates, thus providing greater operational flexibility. The Type B Drum package has double containment so that plutonium contents and other radioactive material may be transported in Type B quantities. Conceptual designs of unshielded and shielded versions of the Type B Drum were completed in Report on the Conceptual Design of the Unshielded Type B Drum Packaging and Report on the Conceptual Design of the Shielded type B Drum Packaging (WEC 1994a, WEC 1994b), which demonstrated the Type B Drum to be a viable packaging system. A Type B package containment system must withstand the normal conditions of transport and the hypothetical accident conditions, which include a 9-m (30-ft) drop onto an unyielding surface and a 1-m (3-ft) drop onto a 15-cm (6-in.) diameter pin, and a fire and immersion scenarios

DIE PLEK VAN SANG EN MUSIEK IN DIE PROTESTANTSE ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Test

Sy moet hierdie opdrag uitvoer deur mid del van die Prediking d.w.s. deur middel van die Woord-vorm, maar ook deur die bediening van die sakramente, dws. deur middel van die vorm van die Daad. Maar nou wil God nie hê dat die Kerk slegs één maal die Evangelie sal predik en die mense sal doop om hulle daarna.

Kontekstuele bepalers by die beplanning van skoolwoordeboeke

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Herman L. Beyer

2011-10-01

Full Text Available

OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie artikel is om tot die metaleksikografiese gesprek oor skoolwoordeboeke as 'n tipe pedagogiese woordeboek by te dra. Die fokus is op kontekstuele bepalers wat by die beplanning van skoolwoordeboeke verreken behoort te word: Binne die konteks van 'n veeltalige Namibië word enkele onderwyskundige sisteme verken wat 'n impak op die ontwerp van gedrukte skoolwoordeboeke vir die sekondêre skoolfase kan hê, naamlik skoolkurrikula, die nasionale taalbeleid vir skole en die beleid van leerdergerigte onderwys. Hierdie artikel voer ook aan dat die voor die hand liggende teikengebruiker van 'n skoolwoordeboek, naamlik die leerder, nie die enigste teikengebruiker is nie: Die onderwyser word as medeteikengebruiker gestel wanneer dit by die gebruik van woordeboeke in die onderrigleersituasie kom. Verskillende tipes gevalle van woordeboekgebruik in die mikrokonteks van die onderrigleersituasie word onderskei, naamlik woordeboekonderrig, woordeboekgeïntegreerde taalonderrig en woordeboekgeondersteunde taalonderrig. Hierdie tipes gebruik behoort komponente van 'n woordeboekpedagogie te wees, wat uiteindelik behoort te lei tot outonome woordeboekgebruik en die gepaardgaande vestiging van 'n individuele woordeboekkultuur by die leerder. Die leksikograaf moet al hierdie aspekte inreken wanneer 'n skoolwoordeboek beplan word ten einde die nodige leksikografiese vernuwing in te voer. Enkele voorstelle vir sodanige vernuwings en vir verdere navorsing word ten slotte aangebied.

Sleutelwoorde: GEBRUIKERSGERIGTE LEKSIKOGRAFIE, KONTEKS, LEERDER, LEERDERGERIGTE ONDERWYS, LEERWOORDEBOEK, LEKSIKOGRAAF, METALEKSIKOGRAFIE, NASLAANWOORDEBOEK, ONDERWYSER, PEDAGOGIESE WOORDEBOEK, SISTEEM, SKOOLWOORDEBOEK, TAALBELEID, TEIKENGEBRUIKER, WOORDEBOEKGEBRUIK, WOORDEBOEKGEÏNTEGREERDE TAALONDERRIG, WOORDEBOEKONDERSTEUNDE TAALONDERRIG, WOORDEBOEKONDERRIG, WOORDEBOEKPEDAGOGIE

ABSTRACT: Contextual Determiners in the Planning of School

Die persepsies en houdings van gelowige jonggetroude egpare oor seksuele intimiteit in die huwelik

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Rinee Pretorius

2013-05-01

Full Text Available Hierdie artikel is gebaseer op empiriese navorsing om die persepsies en houdings van gelowige, jonggetroude egpare oor seksuele intimiteit in die huwelik na te vors. Daar is gefokus op hoe die egpare die verhouding sien waarbinne seksuele intimiteit geniet en beleef mag word; wat na hulle mening die man en vrou se plig is rakende die seksuele; wat hulle persepsies is oor die vryheid wat seksuele intimiteit binne die huwelik bied, en wat eksklusiwiteit ten opsigte van seksuele intimiteit binne die huwelik vir elkeen van hulle beteken. ’n Kwalitatiewe navorsingsontwerp is gebruik en sewe gelowige egpare wat minder as twee jaar getroud was (N = 11, het aan die navorsing deelgeneem. Die navorsingsdata is uit ’n kort vraelys verkry en deur semigestruktureerde onderhoude wat met sommige van die deelnemers gevoer is. ’n Ryke oes van data is verkry en ’n hele aantal temas is identifiseer. Hierdie temas sluit goed aan by die basisteoretiese en metateoretiese perspektiewe wat as onderbou vir hierdie navorsing gedien het. The perceptions and attitudes of religious newlywedded couples regarding sexual intimacy in the marriage. This article is based on empirical research done to explore the perceptions and attitudes of religious newlywedded couples regarding sexual intimacy in the marriage. The research focused on how the couples regard a relationship in which sexual intimacy can be enjoyed and experienced; what, in their opinion, the husband and the wife’s responsibilities are towards each other regarding sex; what their perceptions are about the freedom that sexual intimacy offers in marriage, and what marital exclusivity regarding sexual intimacy means to each of the participants. A qualitative research design was used and seven religious couples that were married less than two years (N = 11 participated in this research. The research data was obtained by using a short questionnaire and semi-structured interviews which were conducted with some

Thomas Erastus oor die struktuur van die gemeenskap'^

African Journals Online (AJOL)

óók aansprake en regte het, is die opvatting dat sowel die burgerlike gemeenskap as die kerk 'n perfecta societas sibi sufficiens is, nié werklik aanvaar nie. Die Middeleeuse gemeenskap was die corpus christianum,. 'n gemeenskap wat nie deur fisiese of politieke grense beperk was nie. Sy grense het gelê waar die grense ...

Die vestiging van die Kerk in Natal, die Vrystaat en Transvaal na ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

as eerste predikant van die Voortrekkers laat orden en bevestig. Daama het verskeie kerksake van tyd tot tyd aandag geniet. Met betrekking tot die bevestiging van huwelike stel Retief 'n meer ordelike reëling daar, naamlik dat die gebooie van voomemende egpa- re van nou af drie maal in die kerk afgekondig moes wrord ...

Die historiese betroubaarheid van die aartsvadervertellinge. 'n Beknopte bespreking van die huidige debat na aanleiding van die jongste publikasie

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W. Vosloo

1982-08-01

Full Text Available Die afgelope twintig jaar was daar �n toenemende belangstelling in die aartsvadervertellinge in Genesis. Benewens die talle tydskrifartikels het skrywers soos die volgende ook boeke oor die onderwerp die lig laat sien: A. Parrot (1962, W. M. Clark (1964, R. Kilian (1966, R. E. Clements (1967, N. Lohfink (1967, H. Weidemann (1968, R. Martin-Achard (1969, T. L. Thompson (1974, J. van Seters (1975, J. P. Fokkelman (1975, C. Westermann (1976, R. Rendtorff (1977, J. Bright (1977, W. McKane (1979 en A. R. Millard en D. J. Wiseman (1980.

Prediking aan die hand van die metafoor van fiksieskryf

African Journals Online (AJOL)

p1243322

HTS 64(3) 2008 siening van die self en waarheid. In die pre-moderne paradigma kan die dominante metafoor verstaan word aan die hand van 'n spieël wat die lig uit 'n transendente oorsprong weerkaats, terwyl die moderne paradigma uitgedruk word met die metafoor van 'n lamp wat 'n eie, oorspronklike lig binne die self.

US healthcare costs attributable to type A and type B influenza.

Science.gov (United States)

Yan, Songkai; Weycker, Derek; Sokolowski, Stefania

2017-09-02

While the overall healthcare burden of seasonal influenza in the United States (US) has been well characterized, the proportion of influenza burden attributable to type A and type B illness warrants further elucidation. The aim of this study was to estimate numbers of healthcare encounters and healthcare costs attributable to influenza viral strains A and B in the US during the 2001/2002 - 2008/2009 seasons. Healthcare encounters and costs in the US during the 2001/2002 - 2008/2009 seasons for influenza type A and influenza type B were estimated separately and collectively, by season and age group, based on data from published literature and secondary sources for: rates of influenza-related encounters requiring formal healthcare, unit costs of influenza-related healthcare encounters, and estimates of population size. Across 8 seasons, projected annual numbers of influenza-related healthcare encounters ranged from 11.3-25.6 million, and healthcare costs, from $2.0-$5.8 billion. While the majority of influenza illness was attributable to type A strains, type B strains accounted for 37% of healthcare costs across all seasons, and as much as 66% in a single season. The outpatient burden of type B disease was considerable among persons aged 18-64 y while the hospital cost burden was highest in young children. Influenza viral strain B was associated with considerable health system burden each year during the period of interest. Increasing influenza vaccine coverage, especially with the recently approved quadrivalent products including an additional type B strain, could potentially reduce overall annual influenza burden in the US.

Understand B-type stars

Science.gov (United States)

1982-01-01

When observations of B stars made from space are added to observations made from the ground and the total body of observational information is confronted with theoretical expectations about B stars, it is clear that nonthermal phenomena occur in the atmospheres of B stars. The nature of these phenomena and what they imply about the physical state of a B star and how a B star evolves are examined using knowledge of the spectrum of a B star as a key to obtaining an understanding of what a B star is like. Three approaches to modeling stellar structure (atmospheres) are considered, the characteristic properties of a mantle, and B stars and evolution are discussed.

Ontsporing van die regstaatsbegrip en sy konsekwensies vir die afrikanervolk

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

N. G.S. Van der Walt

1966-03-01

Full Text Available Die opvatting van die suiwere regstaat bring sy vraagstukke mee wanneer dit in verband gebring word met die leer van die soewereiniteit in eie kring. Laasgenoemde leer wortel in die geloof dat God die mens roep tot diens aan Hom, en dat die mens vry moet wees om ten opsigte van alle lewensaspekte God na die hoogste mate te kan dien. Hierdie verskeidenheid van aspekte is deur dr. A. Kuyper en sy volgelinge gesistemati- seer tot menslike verbande en lewenskringe, elk met ’n be- paalde sfeer waarin ander kringe nie mag inmeng nie. Elkeen is dan soewerein binne sy eie kring. Met verwysing na die staat is dan gespreek van die staatstaak as synde die hand- hawing van die reg, en omdat die staat in toenemende mate hom veral in die latere tyd ook besig gehou het met bedrywig- hede wat nouliks as van juridiese aard beskou kan word, is daar die onderskeid gemaak tussen die primêre en sekundêre taak van die staat. Die sistematiek van die wetsidee, deur prof. Dooyeweerd ontwikkel, waar die staat sy bestemmingsfunksie in die regsaspek vind, het vanselfsprekend geen plek vir so 'n dualistiese staatstaak nie, en die oplossing is deur sommige daarin gesoek om sulke staatsoptrede te vertolk as hebbende wel betrekking op die regsgemeenskap of die regsverkeer. Staatsondernemings soos paaie, spoorweë, spellingreëling, ens. word dan beskou as noodsaaklik vir die instandhouding van die regsgemeenskap en regsverkeer. Tereg wys A. M. Donner1 daarop dat so ’n vertolking eintlik neerkom op ’n oorspanning van die regsbegrip. Hy self sien dan die staatstaak in vrede- of orde-handhawing, wat in die eerste plaas wel regshandha- wing veronderstel. Onder orde word dan alles verstaan wat noodsaaklik is vir die gladde verkeer in die ontwikkelingsgang van die regsgemeenskap. Die wese van die staat het dan vol- gens hom te doen met reg, maar sy taak is meer as suiwere regshandhawing. Wat onrus verwek en die orde versteur, moet uit die openbare lewe verwyder word, en die

Endovascular repair or medical treatment of acute type B aortic dissection? A comparison

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chemelli-Steingruber, I. [Department of Radiology, Innsbruck Medical University (Austria); Chemelli, A. [Department of Radiology, Innsbruck Medical University (Austria)], E-mail: andreas.chemelli@i-med.ac.at; Strasak, A. [Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics, Innsbruck Medical University (Austria); Hugl, B. [Department of Vascular Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University (Austria); Hiemetzberger, R. [Department of Cardiology, Innsbruck Medical University (Austria); Jaschke, W.; Glodny, B.; Czermak, B.V. [Department of Radiology, Innsbruck Medical University (Austria)

2010-01-15

Introduction: The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the outcome of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) to that of medical therapy in patients with acute type B aortic dissection (TBD). Materials and methods: From July 1996 to April 2008, 88 patients presenting with acute TBD underwent either TEVAR (group A, n = 38) or medical therapy (group B, n = 50). Indications for TEVAR were intractable pain, aortic branch compromise resulting in end-organ ischemia, rapid aortic dilatation and rupture. Follow-up was performed postinterventionally, at 3, 6 and 12 months and yearly thereafter and included clinical examinations and computed tomography (CT), as well as aortic diameter measurements and assessment of thrombosis. Results: Mean follow-up was 33 months in group A and 36 months in group B. The overall mortality rate was 23.7% in group A and 24% in group B, where 4 patients died of late aortic rupture. In group A, complications included 9 endoleaks and 4 retrograde type A dissections, 3 patients were converted to open surgery and 2 needed secondary intervention. None of the patients developed paraplegia. In group B, 4 patients were converted to open surgery and 2 to TEVAR. The maximal aortic diameter increased in both groups. Regarding the extent of thrombosis, our analyses showed slightly better overall results after TEVAR, but they also showed a tendency towards approximation between the two groups during follow-up. Conclusion: TEVAR is a feasible treatment option in acute TBD. However, several serious complications may occur during and after TEVAR and it should therefore be reserved to patients with life-threatening symptoms.

Accurate defect die placement and nuisance defect reduction for reticle die-to-die inspections

Science.gov (United States)

Wen, Vincent; Huang, L. R.; Lin, C. J.; Tseng, Y. N.; Huang, W. H.; Tuo, Laurent C.; Wylie, Mark; Chen, Ellison; Wang, Elvik; Glasser, Joshua; Kelkar, Amrish; Wu, David

2015-10-01

Die-to-die reticle inspections are among the simplest and most sensitive reticle inspections because of the use of an identical-design neighboring-die for the reference image. However, this inspection mode can have two key disadvantages: (1) The location of the defect is indeterminate because it is unclear to the inspector whether the test or reference image is defective; and (2) nuisance and false defects from mask manufacturing noise and tool optical variation can limit the usable sensitivity. The use of a new sequencing approach for a die-to-die inspection can resolve these issues without any additional scan time, without sacrifice in sensitivity requirement, and with a manageable increase in computation load. In this paper we explore another approach for die-to-die inspections using a new method of defect processing and sequencing. Utilizing die-to-die double arbitration during defect detection has been proven through extensive testing to generate accurate placement of the defect in the correct die to ensure efficient defect disposition at the AIMS step. The use of this method maintained the required inspection sensitivity for mask quality as verified with programmed-defectmask qualification and then further validated with production masks comparing the current inspection approach to the new method. Furthermore, this approach can significantly reduce the total number of defects that need to be reviewed by essentially eliminating the nuisance and false defects that can result from a die-to-die inspection. This "double-win" will significantly reduce the effort in classifying a die-to-die inspection result and will lead to improved cycle times.

klanke, voëlgeluide en musiek in die digkuns van Lina Spies

African Journals Online (AJOL)

27 Jan 2006 ... 1999: 11-23), maak Spies self ook nie melding van musiek as tema nie; sy noem die. Afrikaanse digteres se “siening van die natuur, die religie, die politiek, medekunste- naars, verwantskap, digterskap” (Spies 1999: 22). Maar die digter verklaar in 'n onder- houd (Spies 2004b) dat sy drie groot passies het: ...

DIE ONTVC'ERP VAN 'N SENDINGBELEID IN DIE HUIDIGE ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Test

DIE ONTVC'ERP VAN 'N SENDINGBELEID IN DIE. HUIDIGE SITUASIE. Sending is 'n deel van die vervulling van die apostoliese opdrag van die kerk. Dit geskied op grond van en in gehoorsaamheid aan Gods. \\C'oord. Teologiese besinning is daarom die eerste en grondliggende vereiste by die ontwerp van 'n ...

The Hot-gas screw-type engine - Simulation as a basis for construction. Pt. 3; Die Heissgasschraubenmaschine - simulationsgestuetzte Auslegung. T. 3

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kauder, K.; Unwerth, T. von [Dortmund Univ. (Germany). FG Fluidenergiemaschinen

1998-12-31

In this paper new results of the research regarding the design of the first experimental plant for a hot-gas screw-type machine are reported. Target of the development is the verification of operating behaviour as well as the thermal and mechanical behaviour of the screw-type motor parts. The selection and dimensioning of the plant components is described with a main focus on the construction of the thermally high-loaded hot-gas screw-type engine. Its manufacturing tolerances are based on simulations, with which the mechanical deformations of the rotors and the casing respective the resulting clearance-heights can be calculated. With inclusion of an efficient cooling method for the motor parts, for the, in the article documented, projected nominal working condition with a material-depending limit for the entrance temperature at {theta}{sub E,} {sub M}=600 C, a pressure ratio {pi}=6 and a male rotor peripheral speed u{sub HR}=120 ms{sup -1}, each rotor should be decreased by 0.07 mm. (orig.) [Deutsch] Es wird ueber neue Forschungsergebnisse im Hinblick auf die konstruktive Realisierung der ersten Versuchsanlage einer Heissgasschraubenmaschine berichtet. Ziel der daran durchgefuehrten Untersuchungen ist die Verifikation des Betriebsverhaltens sowie des thermischen und mechanischen Bauteilverhaltens des Heissgasschraubenmotors. Nachzulesen ist die Auswahl und Dimensionierung der Anlagenkomponenten, wobei ein Hauptaugenmerk auf der Auslegung des thermisch hoch belasteten Schraubenmotors liegt. Dessen Dimensionierung liegen Simulationsrechnungen zugrunde, mit deren Hilfe die mechanischen Verformungen der Rotoren und des Gehaeuses respektive der daraus resultierenden Spalthoehen a priori angegeben werden koennen. Fuer den hier dokumentierten, angestrebten Nennbetriebszustand mit einer werkstoffbedingt begrenzten Motoreintrittstemperatur von {theta}{sub E,} {sub M}=600 C, einem Druckverhaeltnis von {pi}=6 und einer Hauptrotorumfangsgeschwindigkeit von u{sub HR}=120 ms

Unbesiegbare Herkulesse: die Italienische Peplum kinematographie

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Blaž Božič

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Unbesiegbare  Herkulesse: die Italienische peplum kinematographie Der Gegenstand dieses Beitrags sind die sogenannten italienischen Peplum Filme. Es handelt sich hierbei um ein spezifisches Genre und eine spezifische Ära der italienischen Filmgeschichte. Der Peplum ist ein Kulturprodukt des 20. Jahrhunderts, das auf dem Nachlass der klassischen Antike und vor allem auf ihren Stereotypen beruht. Der Peplum bietet einer Interpretation im Rahmen der Filmgeschichte auch eine Vielzahl von Ausgangspunkten für zahlreiche Forschungsfelder, z. B. der Soziologie, der Ästhetik und der Rezeptionsstudien. Herkules und Maciste, die Hauptprotagonisten dieser Filme, sind Helden, die außerhalb eines Zeit- oder Kontextrahmens bestehen: In den mehr als dreihundert Peplumfilmen die zwischen 1957 und 1964 gedreht wurden, erscheinen sie so neben Odysseus, Samson oder zusammen mit Inkas, Mongolen und Vampiren. Die gegenseitige Kontamination  diverser mythologischer und historischer Kontexte und das unbeschwerte Kombinieren verschiedener Filmgattungen erzeugt ein paradischen, spektakuläres Genre, das sich keineswegs um ‘Authentizität’ oder um Treue gegenüber der Tradition, aus der sie ihren Stoff schöpft, bemüht. Mit der physischen Kraft als Schlüsselattribut gewährt der herkulesartige Hauptprotagonist ein starkes imago für verschiedene Ideologien, die auf dem Kult der körperlichen Kraft und traditionellen Geschlechterrollen beruhen.

Die sestienpersoonlikheidsfaktorvraelys as hulpmiddel by die takseersentrum

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J. C. D. Augustyn

1988-05-01

Full Text Available The 16PF Personality Test as an aid to the assessment centre Assessment centres still remains costly and thime consuming. This study investigates the reduction of time and costs by the use of the 16 PF Personality Test as a method for measuring management dimensions. Promising results were obtained with a relatively small sample for the prediction of initiative and perseverance. Significant multiple correlations were also found for three criteria of management success. Further research may establish the use of the 16 PF as an aid to management assessment and thereby reduce the costs and time involved in assessment centres. Opsomming Takseersentrums se grootste probleem is gelee in die koste en tyd wat dit behels. Hierdie studie ondersoek die moontlikheid om beide te verminder deur die aanwending van die 16 PF Persoonlikheidsvraelys vir die meting van bestuursdimensies. Belowende resultate is met 'n relatiewe klein steekproef bevind ten opsigte van die voorspelling van inisiatiefen deursettingsvermoe. Beduidende meervoudige korrelasies is ook ten opsigte van drie kriteria van bestuursukses bevind. Verdere navorsing kan die gebruik van die 16 PF as hulpmiddel by bestuursevaluering vestig en sodoende die tydsduur en koste van takseersentrums verminder.

Possible multigap type-I superconductivity in the layered boride RuB2

Science.gov (United States)

Singh, Jaskaran; Jayaraj, Anooja; Srivastava, D.; Gayen, S.; Thamizhavel, A.; Singh, Yogesh

2018-02-01

The structure of the layered transition-metal borides A B2 (A =Os,Ru ) is built up by alternating T and B layers with the B layers forming a puckered honeycomb. Here we report superconducting properties of RuB2 with a Tc≈1.5 K using measurements of the magnetic susceptibility versus temperature T , magnetization M versus magnetic field H , resistivity versus T , and heat capacity versus T at various H . We observe a reduced heat capacity anomaly at Tc given by Δ C /γ Tc≈1.1 suggesting multigap superconductivity. Strong support for this is obtained by the successful fitting of the electronic specific heat data to a two-gap model with gap values Δ1/kBTc≈1.88 and Δ2/kBTc≈1.13 . Additionally, M versus H measurements reveal a behavior consistent with type-I superconductivity. This is confirmed by comparing the experimental critical field ≈122 Oe obtained from extrapolation to T =0 of the H -T phase diagram, with an estimate of the T =0 thermodynamic critical field ≈114 Oe. Additionally, the Ginzburg-Landau parameter was estimated to be κ ≈0.1 -0.66 . These results strongly suggest multigap type-I superconductivity in RuB2. We also calculate the band structure and obtain the Fermi surface for RuB2. The Fermi surface consists of one quasi-two-dimensional sheet and two concentric ellipsoidal sheets very similar to OsB2. An additional small fourth sheet is also found for RuB2. RuB2 could thus be an example of a multigap type-I superconductor.

die korrelasie tussen die gemiddelde daaglikse toename van ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

'n Regressielyn is uit die gegewens bereken deur 'n beswaarde regressieanaliese en die 80 persent-voorspellings- bande is bepaal. Die punte wat ver buite die normale ver- spreidingsband geval hetkon almal met goeie rede as abnor- maal beskou word (sien tabel 1) en is nie ingesluit by die statistiese berekenings nie.

Die Dankesrede bei der Preisverleihung

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elenmari Pletikos Olof

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Festliche Preisverleihungen sind Gelegenheiten, bei denen von den Preisträgerneine kurze Rede erwartet wird. Obwohl die Dankesrede eine kleinere Randgattung innerhalb des epideiktischen Genres ist, steht sie im Mittelpunkt des Ereignisses. Rhetorikhandbücher geben zahlreiche Ratschläge, wie eine gute Festrede vorbereitet werden soll, um zu unterhalten, zu bewegen und zu belehren. Ziel dieser Untersuchung ist es festzustellen, welche Eigenschaften der Dankesrede die Zuhörer als erwünscht oder unerwünscht wahrnehmen und welche Charakteristika am meisten zur Qualität festlicher Dankesreden beitragen. Das Korpus der gesprochenen Texte bilden 30 Dankesreden anlässlich kroatischer Preisverleihungen in den Bereichen Schauspiel, Sport, Musik, Fernsehen, Literatur und Wirtschaft. Die Audio-Aufnahmen der Dankesreden wurden einer Gruppe von Hörern zur Bewertung in folgenden Kategorien vorgelegt: interessant, geistreich, hoher Sprachstil, feierlich, emotiv, persönlich, originell, bescheiden, vorbereitet und spontan. Zusätzlich wurde zu jeder Rede die offene Frage gestellt, was dem Zuhörer an der Rede gefallen oder nicht gefallen habe. Die Resultate der Perzeptionsanalye lassen erkennen, dass die Interessantheit einer Rede mit der Eigenschaft des Geistreichen, des Originellen, des Emotionalen und des Persönlichen in Verbindung gebracht wird und die Eigenschaft des Festlichen im Wesentlichen nur mit dem hohen Sprachstil und der Vorbereitetheit des Textes korreliert. Einige Eigenschaften können sowohl erwünscht als auch unerwünscht sein, z. B. Dialekt, Persönliches und Kürze. Die besten Dankesreden haben Eigenschaften, die im Grunde schwer miteinander zu verbinden sind: Einerseits soll der Text vorbereitet sein (hoher Stil, Wortwahl, Figuren, Originalität der Geschichte, Humor, andererseits wird bei der Ausführung Spontaneität (Aufrichtigkeit, Emotionalität, Persönlichkeit erwartet.

enkele fasette van die problematiek van die akademikus by die skryf

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Om verskeie redes het dit van die allergrootste belong geword dot 'n his- tories korrekte, wetenskaplike weerga- we van bogenoemde gebeure opge- teken moet word. Die sluier, in sommige gevalle am logiese redes toegepas, moes eenvoudig gelig word am gebeure wat die gewone man op stroot in Suid-Afrika dikwels ...

Economical surface treatment of die casting dies to prevent soldering in high pressure casting

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fraser, D.T.; Jahedi, M.Z.

2001-01-01

This paper describes the use of a gas oxidation treatment of H13 tool steel to develop a compact iron oxide layer at the surface of core pins to prevent soldering in high pressure die casting. The performance of oxide layers in the protection of die steel against soldering during high pressure die casting was tested in a specially designed die using removable core pins and Al-11 Si-3 Cu casting alloy. The gas oxidation treatment can be applied at low temperatures and to large areas of the die surface. In addition this process is very cost effective compared to other coating processes such as physical vapour deposition (PVD), or thermo-reactive diffusion (TRD) coatings. This work demonstrated that surface treatment producing pure magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) layers are more protective than oxide layers containing a combination of Fe 3 O 4 (magnetite) and Fe 3 O 3 (haematite). The magnetite layer acts as a barrier between the die steel/casting alloy interface and prevents the formation of inter-metallic phases. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscope were used to determine the thickness of the oxide layer, while X-ray diffraction was performed to determine the oxide phase structure

Influence of boron vacancies on phase stability, bonding and structure of MB2 (M  =  Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W) with AlB2 type structure

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dahlqvist, Martin; Rosen, Johanna; Jansson, Ulf

2015-01-01

Transition metal diborides in hexagonal AlB 2 type structure typically form stable MB 2 phases for group IV elements (M  =  Ti, Zr, Hf). For group V (M  =  V, Nb, Ta) and group VI (M  =  Cr, Mo, W) the stability is reduced and an alternative hexagonal rhombohedral MB 2 structure becomes more stable. In this work we investigate the effect of vacancies on the B-site in hexagonal MB 2 and its influence on the phase stability and the structure for TiB 2 , ZrB 2 , HfB 2 , VB 2 , NbB 2 , TaB 2 , CrB 2 , MoB 2 , and WB 2 using first-principles calculations. Selected phases are also analyzed with respect to electronic and bonding properties. We identify trends showing that MB 2 with M from group V and IV are stabilized when introducing B-vacancies, consistent with a decrease in the number of states at the Fermi level and by strengthening of the B–M interaction. The stabilization upon vacancy formation also increases when going from M in period 4 to period 6. For TiB 2 , ZrB 2 , and HfB 2 , introduction of B-vacancies have a destabilizing effect due to occupation of B–B antibonding orbitals close to the Fermi level and an increase in states at the Fermi level. (paper)

Electronic structures of B1 MoN, fcc Mo2N, and hexagonal MoN

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ihara, H.; Kimura, Y.; Senzaki, K.; Kezuka, H.; Hirabayashi, M.

1985-01-01

The electronic structures of B1 MoN, fcc Mo 2 N, and hexagonal MoN were observed by photoelectron spectroscopic measurement. The B1-MoN phase has been predicted to be a high-T/sub c/ superconductor because of a large density of states at Fermi level. The observed electronic structure of the stoichiometric B1-MoN phase is different from that of the real B1-MoN type. The nitrogen excess B1-MoN/sub x/ (x> or =1.3) phase, however, shows the B1-type electronic structure. This is explained by the occurrence of a nitrogen vacancy in the apparent stoichiometric B1 phase and the occupation of the nitrogen vacancy in the nitrogen-excess B1 phase. This property is related to the previously reported low T/sub c/ of the B1-MoN crystals

Die huwelik as identiteitsmerker in die Ou Testament

African Journals Online (AJOL)

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Gen 2:18). Uit die woorde van Genesis 2:24 dat man en vrou een sal wees, lei die derde formulier af dat dit “getuig dat die huwelik 'n allesinsluitende gemeenskap is ..... die formule gebruik word: “Hier volg die vertelling oor X se nageslag.” (Gen ..... verwys daarna as “intertwining the principal value concepts of tradition”.

amp' van die ouderling in die Nuwe Testament

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Jesus self het geen kerk gestig nie en daarom, veral omdat die Jesus-beweging inter mums ten opsigte van die Joodse godsdiens van sy tyd tot stand gekom het, het ...... Die klem val dus nie op die npoTCTT0fievo<; se rang of outoriteit nie, maar op sy pastorale funksie in die huishouding of huisgemeente (kyk Reicke.

Enkele opmerkings oor die intrinsieke waarde van die Latynse teks van Kodeks Bezae as herstelbron vir die Griekse teks van die Nuwe Testament

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

G. J.C. Jordaan

1985-05-01

Full Text Available Een van die belangrikste oud-Latynse vertalings word gevind in Kodeks Bezae, ’n vyfde-eeuse manuskrip van die vier Evangelies. Kodeks Bezae bevat ’n Griekse teks (D en ’n Latynse teks (d van die Evangelies langs mekaar, die Latynse teks in ’n lettertipe wat baie aan die Griekse majuskelskrif herinner. Wat hierdie dokument so merkwaardig maak, is die feit dat dit die enigste manuskrip is wat ’n Griekse Evangelie-teks uit die Westerse teksfamilie bevat.

n Oorsig van die huidige stand van navorsing oor die

African Journals Online (AJOL)

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7 Jun 2011 ... Die eerste maal wat dit as deel van die teks van 1 Johannes aangehaal word, is in die. 4de eeu in 'n Latynse teks, Liber Apologeticus (hf 4). Eers aan die einde van die 16de eeu is dit in 'n amptelike Katolieke uitgawe van die Vulgaat ingesluit. Die doel van die Johannesbriewe. Waarom is die Briewe ...

Die dogmatiese binding van die prediking

African Journals Online (AJOL)

genoemde probleemstelling wat ons homileties na riglyne wil soek, sonder die pretensie dat finale oplossings gevind sal word. Om hierdie probleem te ontleed is dit nodig om eers kortliks 'n begripsbepaling van die begrippe dogma, binding en prediking te maak. Vanuit die begripsbepaling kan ons dan probeer vasstel wat ...

Die topkwark

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R. Tegen

1998-07-01

Full Text Available ’n Oorsig van die belangrikheid van die onlangs ontdekte topkwark by Fermilab in Chicago word gegee. Daar word aangetnon dat die topkwark belangrik is in fisika van die Oerknal, oftewel "Big Bang", en in die Standaard Model van Elementêredeeltjie-fisika. Toepaslike literatuur vir verdere studie kan van die lys van verwysings in hierdie kort, nietegniese artikel, nagegaan word.

Cerium intermetallics with TiNiSi-type structure

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Janka, Oliver; Niehaus, Oliver; Poettgen, Rainer [Muenster Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Chevalier, Bernard [Bordeaux Univ. CNRS (UPR 9048), Pessac (France). Inst. de Chimie de la Matiere Condensee de Bordeaux (ICMCB)

2016-08-01

Intermetallic compounds with the equiatomic composition CeTX that crystallize with the orthorhombic TiNiSi-type structure can be synthesized with electron-rich transition metals (T) and X = Zn, Al, Ga, Si, Ge, Sn, As, Sb, and Bi. The present review focusses on the crystal chemistry and chemical bonding of these CeTX phases and on their physical properties, {sup 119}Sn and {sup 121}Sb Moessbauer spectra, high-pressure effects, hydrogenation reactions and the formation of solid solutions in order to elucidate structure-property relationships. This paper is the final one of a series of four reviews on equiatomic intermetallic cerium compounds [Part I: Z. Naturforsch. 2015, 70b, 289; Part II: Z. Naturforsch. 2015, 70b, 695; Part III: Z. Naturforsch. 2016, 71b, 165].

oor die inhoud en boodskap van die heidelbergse kategismus

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Smit. Oor die Inhoud en Boodskap van die Heidelbergse Kategismus. 52. Uiteraard sal dié tema saamhang met die bedoelinge agter die opstel van die Kategismus. Ook die vraag na moontlike bedoelinge of motiewe is egter 'n ingewikkelder vraag as wat miskien gedink mag word. Uiteraard was daar agter elke kategismus ...

Die vangnet van die woord: forensies-linguistiese getuienis in 'n ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Een van die redes daarvoor is waarskynlik die gepaardgaande sleurwerk verbonde aan die verwerking van die betrokke taaldata — iets wat egter deur die onlangse meteoriese vooruitgang in tegnologiese tegnieke op die agtergrond geskuif is en nuwe moontlikhede na vore laat kom het. In die lig van die kompleksiteit van ...

Incidence of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in Italian children

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tozzi, Alberto E.; Salmaso, Stefania; Atti, Marta L. Ciofi degli; Panei, Pietro; Anemona, Alessandra; Scuderi, Gabriella; Wassilak, Steven G.F.

1997-01-01

To estimate the incidence of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) invasive disease in Italian infants we performed a prospective study in a cohort of newborns enrolled for a randomized trial on safety and efficacy of three pertussis vaccines and followed for onset of serious disease or pertussis. The overall cumulative incidence observed in 15,601 children was 51.3/100,000 for all invasive Hib infections and 38.4/100,000 for Hib meningitis, over 27 months of observation. The incidence density of all invasive Hib diseases was 28.7/100,000 person-years, while meningitis occurred with an incidence of 21.5/100,000 person-years. Among the eight cases detected, six were meningitis, one sepsis, and one cellulitis. The child with sepsis died. The incidence and epidemiology of invasive Hib disease in Italy are comparable to those reported from other European countries. Cost-benefit analyses are needed for planning Italian vaccination policy

Computer aided system for parametric design of combination die

Science.gov (United States)

Naranje, Vishal G.; Hussein, H. M. A.; Kumar, S.

2017-09-01

In this paper, a computer aided system for parametric design of combination dies is presented. The system is developed using knowledge based system technique of artificial intelligence. The system is capable to design combination dies for production of sheet metal parts having punching and cupping operations. The system is coded in Visual Basic and interfaced with AutoCAD software. The low cost of the proposed system will help die designers of small and medium scale sheet metal industries for design of combination dies for similar type of products. The proposed system is capable to reduce design time and efforts of die designers for design of combination dies.

Die Voortrekker-Monument

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gerard Moerdyk

1938-03-01

Full Text Available Die Eeufeesjaar is vir die Afrikaner ’n tydperk van besieling. Nog nooit sedert die ontstaan van ons volk het een enkele gebeurtenis soveel nasietrots gewek as die honderdjarige herdenking van die Groot Trek. Vir die eerste keer in ons geskiedenis voel ons ons nie meer Kapenaars, Vrystaters, Natalers, en Transvalers nie, maar Afrikaners, saamgesnoer deur die tradisies van ’n selfstandige kultuurvolk. Wanneer die klimaks van die Ossewatrek met die hocksteenlegging van die Voortrekker-Monument bereik word, sal die besieling nie uitsterf nie, die krag wat geskep is sal bly voortgroei tot ’n onweerstaanbare mag. Die Afrikaner sal homself vind, en as die Monument na sowat vyf jaar onthul word, sal die saad wat in hierdie jaar gesaai is, tot voile rypheid gekom het. Dan sal die Monument self tot die volk spreek; intussen egter, is dit wenslik, nee noodsaaklik selfs, om die Monument aan die Afrikaners te verklaar, om ‘n uiteensetting te gee van die noodsaaklikheid van so ’n Monument, sowel as om die motief te verduidelik wat as inspirasie gedien het vir die ontwerpdaar van.

e .Kuraioriufn. DIE W ETENSKAPLIKE BETEKENIS VAN DIE W ERK

African Journals Online (AJOL)

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ENGELBRECHT ver antwoordelik vir die Ou-Testamentiese vakke en Hebreeus. Die aan stelling van 'n derde professor het noodsaaklik geword, want dit sou. 85 .... De .Spreuken ran 5a/o?no omvat die nuwe vertaling en die ekse gese van die eerste 24 hoofstukke van die Spreukeboek. Die geskoold- heid in die Semitiese ...

Structural models of the human copper P-type ATPases ATP7A and ATP7B

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Gourdon, P.; Sitsel, Oleg; Karlsen, J.L.

2012-01-01

The human copper exporters ATP7A and ATP7B contain domains common to all P-type ATPases as well as class-specific features such as six sequential heavy-metal binding domains (HMBD1-HMBD6) and a type-specific constellation of transmembrane helices. Despite the medical significance of ATP7A and ATP7B......, allowing protein-specific properties to be addressed. Furthermore, the mapping of known disease-causing missense mutations indicates that among the heavy-metal binding domains, HMBD5 and HMBD6 are the most crucial for function, thus mimicking the single or dual HMBDs found in most copper-specific P-type...

New trends in cold-chamber die casting machine design

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

R. Dańko

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Larger and larger proportions of aluminium castings, especially those produced by the die casting process, can be observed during recent years in the automotive industry, house-hold articles and others. In case of the automotive industry, apart from the traditional elements produced by the die pressure method such as engine blocks or crank shaft bedplates, aluminium is displacing steel from structural parts of cars (‘body in white’. The current state and development directions of the structural solutions of cold-chamber die castings are analysed in this paper. These solutions drive the prospective development of these machines and die casting technology. The focus is mainly on essential functional systems such as: hydraulic drives of closing and locking units, as well as pressing in die machines of known companies present on the European market.

Die faktore gemeenskaplik aan die selfondersoekvraelys van Holland en die nuwe Suid-Afrikaanse beroepsbelangstellingsvraelys

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

C. Swanevelder

1992-06-01

Full Text Available The factors common to the Self Directed Search of Holland (SDS and the new South African Vocational Interest Inventory (SAVII. The new South African Vocational Interest Inventory was locally developed with the purpose to create a single vocational interest inventory for all population groups in the RSA. In this study the common factors underlying the SDS and the SAVII were determined with the aid of interbattery factor analysis. The results indicate that there are six common factors underlying the two instruments for both the standard nine boys and girls, and that these factors agree with the six factors built into the SDS by Holland. Opsomming Die nuwe Suid-Afrikaanse Beroepsbelangstellingsvraelys (SABBV is plaaslik ontwikkel met die doel om 'n enkele beroepsbelangstellingsvraelys vir alle bevolkingsgroepe binne die RSA, daar te stel. In hierdie studie is daar ondersoek ingestel na die gemeenskaplike faktore onderliggend aan die SABBV en die Selfondersoekvraelys (SOV van Holland met behulp van 'n interbatteryfaktorontleding. Daar is bevind dat daar ses gemeenskaplike faktore onderliggend aan die twee instrumente is vir sowel standerd nege seuns as dogters, en dat hierdie faktore ooreenstem met die ses faktore wat deur Holland in die SOV ingebou is.

P. J. N. Smal, Die Universalisme in die Psalms. Academisch ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Test

dat die historiese element in Israel se Godsopenbaring en daarmee die insig in sy betekenis te kort gedoen word. Die betekenis van die studie vir die historia revelationis is daardeur gering; as duidelike „tydlose” sistematisering van Outestamentiese gegewens oor die betrokke onder- werpe, soos die laaste hoofstuk, bl.

Moderne behandling af type B-aortadissektion

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Klitfod, L.; Baekgaard, N.; Just, S.

2008-01-01

Rapid classification is essential in the management of aortic dissections, as Type A dissections require surgery, while the optimal treatment of Type B dissections is controversial. Medical treatment with antihypertensive medication and analgesics has so far been the main treatment of uncomplicated...... Type B dissections, while surgery has been reserved for complications and persistent pain in spite of medical treatment. Endovascular techniques are less invasive than open repair and show promising early results Udgivelsesdato: 2008/9/8...

[Modern treatment of type B dissections

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Klitfod, L.; Baekgaard, N.; Just, S.

2008-01-01

Rapid classification is essential in the management of aortic dissections, as Type A dissections require surgery, while the optimal treatment of Type B dissections is controversial. Medical treatment with antihypertensive medication and analgesics has so far been the main treatment of uncomplicated...... Type B dissections, while surgery has been reserved for complications and persistent pain in spite of medical treatment. Endovascular techniques are less invasive than open repair and show promising early results Udgivelsesdato: 2008/9/8...

The influence of structure dynamics and elasto-hydrodynamic contacts on con rod design; Einfluss von Strukturdynamik und elastohydrodynamischer Lagerung auf die Pleuelgestaltung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Knaus, O.; Loibnegger, B.; Kreuzwirth, G. [AVL List GmbH, Graz (Austria). Advanced Simulation Technologies; Herbst, H.M. [AVL List GmbH, Graz (Austria).; TU Graz (Austria). Christian-Doppler Lab. fuer Motor- und Fahrzeugakustik

2002-08-01

It is essential for the numerical design of con rods to consider the interaction between structural deformation and hydrodynamics in the sliding bearings. Furthermore, the boundary conditions for the sub-system under consideration have considerable influence on the quality of the results. AVL List GmbH, as the developer of the software AVL EXCITE for the calculation of the non-linear dynamic behaviour of engines and power units, has extended the elasto-hydrodynamic bearing module by adding a mixed friction model. This leads to improved results, especially in the area of the small end bearing, and to a more realistic integration of the con rod into the simulation model of the entire system. (orig.) [German] Fuer die rechnerische Auslegung des Pleuels spielt die Beruecksichtigung der Wechselwirkung zwischen Strukturverformung und Hydrodynamik im Gleitlager eine wichtige Rolle. Aber auch die gesetzten Randbedingungen des betrachteten Teilsystems haben einen wesentlichen Einfluss auf die Qualitaet der Ergebnisse. Die AVL List GmbH als Entwickler und Anbieter der Software AVL Excite fuer die Berechnung der nichtlinearen Motordynamik hat den elastohydrodynamischen Lagermodul um ein Mischreibungsmodell erweitert. Dies ermoeglicht insbesondere im Bereich des kleinen Pleuellagers verbesserte Ergebnisse und die realitaetsnahe Einbindung des Pleuels in das Gesamtsystem. (orig.)

Extinct type of human parvovirus B19 persists in tonsillar B cells

OpenAIRE

Pyöriä, Lari; Toppinen, Mari; Mantyla, Elina; Hedman, Lea; Aaltonen, Leena-Maija; Vihinen-Ranta, Maija; Ilmarinen, Taru; Soderlund-Venermo, Maria; Hedman, Klaus; Perdomo, Maria

2017-01-01

Parvovirus B19 (B19V) DNA persists lifelong in human tissues, but the cell type harbouring it remains unclear. We here explore B19V DNA distribution in B, T and monocyte cell lineages of recently excised tonsillar tissues from 77 individuals with an age range of 2?69 years. We show that B19V DNA is most frequent and abundant among B cells, and within them we find a B19V genotype that vanished from circulation >40 years ago. Since re-infection or re-activation are unlikely with this virus type...

A process chain for integrating piezoelectric transducers into aluminum die castings to generate smart lightweight structures

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Stefan Stein

Full Text Available The application of piezoelectric transducers to structural body parts of machines or vehicles enables the combination of passive mechanical components with sensor and actuator functions in one single structure. According to Herold et al. [1] and Staeves [2] this approach indicates significant potential regarding smart lightweight construction. To obtain the highest yield, the piezoelectric transducers need to be integrated into the flux of forces (load path of load bearing structures. Application in a downstream process reduces yield and process efficiency during manufacturing and operation, due to the necessity of a subsequent process step of sensor/actuator application. The die casting process offers the possibility for integration of piezoelectric transducers into metal structures. Aluminum castings are particularly favorable due to their high quality and feasibility for high unit production at low cost (Brunhuber [3], Nogowizin [4]. Such molded aluminum parts with integrated piezoelectric transducers enable functions like active vibration damping, structural health monitoring or energy harvesting resulting in significant possibilities of weight reduction, which is an increasingly important driving force of automotive and aerospace industry (Klein [5], Siebenpfeiffer [6] due to increasingly stringent environmental protection laws. In the scope of those developments, this paper focuses on the entire process chain enabling the generation of lightweight metal structures with sensor and actuator function, starting from the manufacturing of piezoelectric modules over electrical and mechanical bonding to the integration of such modules into aluminum (Al matrices by die casting. To achieve this challenging goal, piezoceramic sensors/actuator modules, so-called LTCC/PZT modules (LPM were developed, since ceramic based piezoelectric modules are more likely to withstand the thermal stress of about 700 °C introduced by the casting process (Flössel et

Kritische Psychologie und die Rhetorik der Kritik

OpenAIRE

Billig, Michael

2006-01-01

'Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit dem gegenwärtigen Stellenwert der kritischen Psychologie. Aufmerksamkeit wird vor allem der Situation in Großbritannien gewidmet, wo sich kritische Psychologie in den letzten Jahren deutlich weiterentwickelt hat. Die rhetorische Verwendung des Begriffs 'kritisch' wird untersucht und die These vertreten, dass drei Elemente impliziert sind: (a) eine Kritik gegenwärtiger Sozialstrukturen, (b) eine Kritik anderer akademischer Herangehensweisen, vor allem solcher,...

Geslagsverskille in die ouditiewe ontlokte potensiaal van die brein

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anita D Stuart

2006-10-01

Full Text Available Gender differences in the auditory evoked potential of the brain. Based on literature indications of an association between temperament characteristics and the evoked potential of the brain, and indications of gender differences in certain temperament traits, the purpose of this study was to ascertain whether evoked responses also differentiated between the genders. A sample of 81 male and 210 female students was randomly selected. Two auditory evoked potential procedures were applied. The results indicated statistically significant differences in evoked potential responses between the genders. The results are interpreted against the background of sensory and neurological sources of the evoked potential responses and linked to the neurophysiological foundations of temperament. Opsomming: Gegrond op aanduidings in die literatuur van ’n assosiasie tussen temperamentskenmerke en die ontlokte potensiaal van die brein, sowel as aanduidings van geslagsverskille in sekere temperamentstrekke, was die doel van die huidige studie om te bepaal of ontloktepotensiaal-response ook tussen die geslagte onderskei. ’n Steekproef van 81 manlike en 210 vroulike studente is ewekansig geselekteer. Twee ouditiewe ontloktepotensiaal- prosedures is toegepas. Die resultate het op statisties beduidende verskille tussen die geslagte gedui. Die bevindinge word teen die agtergrond van die sensoriese en neurologiese oorsprong van ontloktepotensiaal–response geïnterpreteer en verbind aan die neurofisiologiese verankering van temperament.

die doeltreffendheid van die afrikaanse woordelys en spelreels

African Journals Online (AJOL)

sluiting by die reel vir die verdubbeling van medeklinkers na 'n kort, be- klemtoonde klinker, woorde soos ballet, ballon, terras, terrein, dissipel en dissipline slegs met een konsonant na die eerste vokaal gespel moes word, omdat daardie voorafgaande vokaal onbeklemtoon is. Ook hierdie uit- sondering op die reel word ...

’n Ondersoek na die bronne van werkstevredenheid en werkstres onder middelvlakbestuurders in die Wes-Kaap

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

S. C. Strydom

2002-09-01

Full Text Available The general aim of the study is to investigate the different attitudes and perceptions of middle level managers with regard to sources of job satisfaction, sources which contribute to job dissatisfaction, and to job stress. In this regard it was decided to make use of triangulation by which qualitative and quantitative research methods are used. Thematic analysis is used on the qualitative level to identify the possible sources of job satisfaction, dissatisfaction and job stress. This method is quantitatively supported by a determination of the frequencies and percentages of subject responses by means of semi structured interviews. On the qualitative level it was found that the experience of success is rated as the most important source of job satisfaction and that interpersonal relationships are the most significant source of job dissatisfaction. Finally it seems that work expectations/ demands appear to be the major source of job stress. Opsomming Die algemene doelstelling van die studie is om ondersoek in te stel na die verskillende houdings en persepsies van middelvlak-bestuurders rakende werkstevredenheid, sowel as die bronne wat bydra tot werkstres en werksontevredenheid. In dié verband is besluit om van triangulasie gebruik te maak. Op die kwalitatiewe vlak word tematiese analise gebruik om potensiële bronne van werkstevredenheid, ontevredenheid en werkstres te identifiseer. Hierdie metode word verder kwantitatief ondersteun deur ‘n bepaling van frekwensies en persentasies van subjekte se reponse wat uit semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude verkry is. Op die kwalitatiewe vlak blyk dit dat die ervaring van sukses die grootste bron van werkstevredenheid is en dat interpersoonlike verhoudings die bron is wat die meeste bydra tot ontevredenheid. Verder blyk dit dat werksverwagtinge/-eise die grootste bron van werkstres is.

calvyn oor die leiding van die heilige gees in die verklaring van die

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Mittel alters, bis er zur Ruhe kommt bei den kanonischen Schriften der. Urzeit der christlichen Ära (Barth ... (ego tamen dimoveri non possum ab amore compendii, CO 10, 403). Deur die boodskap van die .... Idem ergo spiritus qui per os prophetarum loquutus est, in corda nostra penetret necesse est, ut persuadeat fideliter ...

Die verband tussen lokus van beheer en die werks prestasie van swart bemarkers in die lewensversekeringsbedryf

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E. L. Coetzer

1997-06-01

Full Text Available The relationship between locus of control and the work performance of black marketers in the life assurance industry. The aim of the study was to establish the relationship between locus of control and the work performance of black marketers in the life assurance industry. These constructs were selected by virtue of the lack of empirical research regarding the assumed relationship between them. The Locus of Control Scale of Schepers (1995 was used for measuring locus of control. Work performance was measured by the commission earned per month by the marketer, the number of policies generated by the marketer, as well as the percentage of lapsed policies. The relevant measurements were obtained in respect of a sample of 149 black marketing personnel. The results indicated a modest but statistically significant relationship between external locus of control and the work performance of black marketers. Opsomming Die doel van die studie was om die verband tussen lokus van beheer en die werksprestasie van swart bemarkers in die lewensversekeringsbedryf te bepaal. Hierdie konstrukte is gekies op grond van die gebrek aan empiriese navorsing rakende die veronderstelde verband tussen genoemde konstrukte. Die Lokus van Beheer-vraelys van Schepers (1995 is in die meting van lokus van beheer gebruik. Werksprestasie is aan die hand van kommissie per maand verdien, aantal polisse gegenereer deur 'n bemarker en die persentasie vervalde polisse, gemeet. Die tersaaklike metinge is verkry ten opsigte van 'n steekproef van 149 swart bemarkers. Die resultate toon 'n klein, dog statisties beduidende verband tussen eksterne lokus van beheer en die werksprestasie van swart bemarkers in die lewensversekeringsbedryf.

Die Rolle von RANK-Ligand und Osteoprotegerin bei Osteoporose

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Hofbauer LC

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF- κB ligand (RANKL, sein zellulärer Rezeptor RANK und der Decoy-Rezeptor Osteoprotegerin (OPG stellen ein essentielles Zytokinsystem für die Zellbiologie von Osteoklasten dar. Verschiedene Untersuchungen belegen die Bedeutung von Störungen des OPG/RANKL/RANK-Systems bei der Pathogenese metabolischer Knochenerkrankungen. In dieser Arbeit werden die wichtigsten Störungen des OPG/RANKL/RANK-Systems bei verschiedenen Osteoporoseformen dargestellt. Östrogenrezeptor- (ER- Agonisten wie 17 β-Östradiol, Raloxifen und Genistein stimulieren die osteoblastäre Produktion von OPG durch Aktivierung von ER- α in vitro, während Lymphozyten von Patientinnen mit Östrogenmangel RANKL überexprimieren. Die parenterale Gabe von OPG vermag den mit Östrogenmangel assoziierten Knochenverlust im Tiermodell und in einer kleineren klinischen Studie zu verhindern. Glukokortikoide und Immunsuppressiva steigern gleichzeitig die RANKL-Expression und hemmen die OPG-Produktion in osteoblastären Zellen in vitro. Glukokortikoide sind auch in vivo imstande, die OPG-Serumspiegel deutlich zu reduzieren. Dagegen hemmen biomechanische Reize in vitro die RANKL-Produktion und steigern die OPG-Produktion. Ein Fehlen dieser biomechanischen Reize bei längerer Immobilisierung kann daher den RANKL/OPG-Quotienten steigern, während die tierexperimentelle Immobilisierungs-Osteoporose durch die parenterale Gabe von OPG gemildert werden kann.

(±)-Uncarilins A and B, Dimeric Isoechinulin-Type Alkaloids from Uncaria rhynchophylla.

Science.gov (United States)

Geng, Chang-An; Huang, Xiao-Yan; Ma, Yun-Bao; Hou, Bo; Li, Tian-Ze; Zhang, Xue-Mei; Chen, Ji-Jun

2017-04-28

(±)-Uncarilins A and B (1a/1b and 2a/2b), two pairs of unusual dimeric isoechinulin-type enantiomers with a symmetric four-membered core, were isolated from Uncaria rhynchophylla driven by LCMS-IT-TOF analyses. Their structures were elucidated by extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectra, X-ray diffraction, and ECD spectroscopic data. (-)-Uncarilin B (2a) showed activities on MT 1 and MT 2 receptors with agonistic rates of 11.26% and 52.44% at a concentration of 0.25 mM.

Linear dimensional changes in plaster die models using different elastomeric materials

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Jefferson Ricardo Pereira

2010-09-01

Full Text Available Dental impression is an important step in the preparation of prostheses since it provides the reproduction of anatomic and surface details of teeth and adjacent structures. The objective of this study was to evaluate the linear dimensional alterations in gypsum dies obtained with different elastomeric materials, using a resin coping impression technique with individual shells. A master cast made of stainless steel with fixed prosthesis characteristics with two prepared abutment teeth was used to obtain the impressions. References points (A, B, C, D, E and F were recorded on the occlusal and buccal surfaces of abutments to register the distances. The impressions were obtained using the following materials: polyether, mercaptan-polysulfide, addition silicone, and condensation silicone. The transfer impressions were made with custom trays and an irreversible hydrocolloid material and were poured with type IV gypsum. The distances between identified points in gypsum dies were measured using an optical microscope and the results were statistically analyzed by ANOVA (p < 0.05 and Tukey's test. The mean of the distances were registered as follows: addition silicone (AB = 13.6 µm, CD=15.0 µm, EF = 14.6 µm, GH=15.2 µm, mercaptan-polysulfide (AB = 36.0 µm, CD = 36.0 µm, EF = 39.6 µm, GH = 40.6 µm, polyether (AB = 35.2 µm, CD = 35.6 µm, EF = 39.4 µm, GH = 41.4 µm and condensation silicone (AB = 69.2 µm, CD = 71.0 µm, EF = 80.6 µm, GH = 81.2 µm. All of the measurements found in gypsum dies were compared to those of a master cast. The results demonstrated that the addition silicone provides the best stability of the compounds tested, followed by polyether, polysulfide and condensation silicone. No statistical differences were obtained between polyether and mercaptan-polysulfide materials.

SPECT in psychiatry; Die Bedeutung der Hirn-SPECT in der Psychiatrie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kasper, S [Universitaetsklinik fuer Psychiatrie, Wien (Austria); Gruenwald, F [Bonn Univ. (Germany). Klinik fuer Nuklearmedizin; Danos, P [Psychiatrische Universitaetsklinik, Bonn (Germany); Walter, H [Universitaetsklinik fuer Psychiatrie, Wien (Austria); Klemm, E [Bonn Univ. (Germany). Klinik fuer Nuklearmedizin; Bruecke, T [Universitaetsklinik fuer Neurologie, Wien (Austria); Podreka, I [Universitaetsklinik fuer Neurologie, Wien (Austria); Biersack, H J [Bonn Univ. (Germany). Klinik fuer Nuklearmedizin

1994-10-01

In the last fifteen years different attempts have been undertaken to understand the biological basis of major psychiatric disorders. One important tool to determine patterns of brain dysfunction is single emission computed tomography (SPECT). Whereas SPECT investigations are already a valuable diagnostic instrument for the diagnosis of dementia of the Alzheimer Type (DAT) there have not been consistent findings that can be referred to as specific for any other particular psychiatric diagnostic entity. Nevertheless, SPECT studies have been able to demonstrate evidence of brain dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia, depression, anxiety disorders, and substance abuse in which other methods showed no clear abnormality of brain function. Our manuscript reviews the data which are currently available in the literature and stresses the need for further studies, especially for prediction and monitoring psychiatric treatment modalities. (orig.) [Deutsch] In den vergangenen 15 Jahren wurde durch verschiedene methodologische Ansaetze versucht, die biologischen Ursachen psychiatrischer Erkrankungen naeher zu erforschen. Als eine bedeutende Methode hat sich dabei die Single-Photonen-Emissions-Computertomographie (SPECT) herausgestellt. Waehrend die SPECT-Untersuchungen bereits Eingang in die Routinediagnostik bei Demenzen vom Alzheimer-Typ gefunden haben, konnten fuer weitere psychiatrische Erkrankungen noch keine eindeutigen Befunde etabliert werden. Mit der SPECT-Methode ist es jedoch gelungen, funktionelle Veraenderungen des Gehirns von psychiatrischen Erkrankungen darzustellen, wie z.B. Schizophrenie, Depression, Angsterkrankungen bzw. Substanzmissbrauch. In Forschungsprotokollen wird durch die SPECT-Methode versucht, abzuklaeren, inwieweit es moeglich ist, innerhalb der Erkrankungsentitaeten psychiatrischer Erkrankungen oder auch diese uebergreifend eine Subklassifizierung zu finden und evtl. Gehirnsysteme ausfindig zu machen, die mit einer spezifischen

Is die ortodoksie se verstaan van die sondeval belemmerend vir die gesprek tussen teologie en natuurwetenskap?

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Johan Buitendag

2012-11-01

Full Text Available In hierdie artikel is betoog dat die Gereformeerde Ortodoksie se begrip van die sondeval ’n  belemmering  was  vir  die  gesprek  tussen  teologie  en  natuurwetenskap.  Die  rede hiervoor was dat dit ten eerste ’n bepaalde verstaan van liniêre tyd nahou en ten tweede dat dit ’n bonatuurlike ingryp veronderstel het. Albei hierdie aspekte het die debat onnodig problematiseer. Die argument is ontwikkel deur eerstens die probleem te definieer, gevolg deur ’n uiteensetting van die standpunte van Augustinus en Calvyn onderskeidelik oor die sondeval. As ’n heuristiese sleutel is die konsepte van infralapsarisme en supralapsarisme aangewend om die tema te ontleed. Die artikel is afgesluit met die oortuiging dat die imago Dei ’n beliggaamde menslike persoon is wat biologies in die geskiedenis in terme van selfbewussyn en morele verantwoordelikheid ontluik het. Is the Orthodoxy’s notion of the Fall inhibitory for the dialogue between theology and science? In this article it was argued that the Reformed Orthodoxy’s interpretation of the Fall had become an impediment in the dialogue between theology and science. The reason was that it assumed firstly a specific understanding of linear time and secondly a metaphysical intervention. Both events were unnecessarily problematising the debate. The argument was deployed by stating the problem, followed by an exposition of the views of Augustine and Calvin on the Fall. As a heuristic key, the concepts of infralapsarism and supralapsarism were applied respectively to analyse the topic. The article concluded with the conviction that the imago Dei is an embodied human person that had biologically emerged in history as a center of self-awareness, and moral responsibility.

Die opleiding van bedryfsielkundiges aan die universiteit van Fort Hare

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W. Botha

1977-11-01

Full Text Available Die Departement Bedryfsielkunde aan die Universiteit van Fort Hare is 'n relatiewe jong departement en het eers in 1965 tot stand gekom. Voor hierdie datum is Bedryfsielkunde as 'n kort kursus deur die departement van suiwer Sielkunde aangebied en een van die destydse dosente, Dr. W. Backer, het die inisiatief geneem om 'n selfstandige departement van Bedryfsielkunde in die Fakulteit van Ekonomiese Wetenskappe op die been te bring.

The complex metal-rich boride Ti{sub 1+x}Rh{sub 2-x+y}Ir{sub 3-y}B{sub 3} (x=0.68, y=1.06) with a new structure type containing B{sub 4} zigzag fragments: Synthesis, crystal chemistry and theoretical calculations

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Goerens, Christian [Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52064 Aachen (Germany); Fokwa, Boniface P.T., E-mail: boniface.fokwa@ac.rwth-aachen.de [Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52064 Aachen (Germany)

2012-08-15

Polycrystalline samples and single crystals of the new complex boride Ti{sub 1+x}Rh{sub 2-x+y}Ir{sub 3-y}B{sub 3} (x=0.68; y=1.06) were synthesized by arc-melting the elements in a water-cooled copper crucible under an argon atmosphere and characterized by X-Ray diffraction as well as EDX measurements. The crystal structure was refined on the basis of single crystal data. The new phase, which represents a new structure type containing trans zigzag B{sub 4} fragments as well as isolated boron atoms crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbam (Nr. 55) with the lattice parameters a=8.620(1) A, b=14.995(2) A and c=3.234(1) A. First-principles density functional theory calculations using the Vienna ab-initio simulation package (VASP) were performed on an appropriate structural model (using a supercell approach) and the experimental crystallographic data could be reproduced accurately. Based on this model, the density of states and crystal orbital Hamilton population (for bonding analysis) were calculated, using the linear muffin-tin orbital atomic sphere approximation (LMTO-ASA) method. According to these calculations, this metal-rich compound should be metallic, as expected. Furthermore, very strong boron-boron interactions are observed in the trans zigzag B{sub 4} fragment, which induce a clear differentiation of two types of metal-boron contacts with different strength. The observed three-dimensional metal-metal interaction is in good agreement with the predicted metallic behavior. - graphical abstract: The structure of Ti{sub 1.68(2)}Rh{sub 2.38(6)}Ir{sub 1.94(4)} B{sub 3}, a new structure type containing planar trans zigzag B{sub 4} units, is another example which illustrates the tendency of metal-rich borides to form B-B bonds with increasing boron content. Beside the B{sub 4} fragment it exhibits one-dimensional chains of titanium atoms and hold one-dimensional strings of face-sharing empty tetrahedral and square pyramidal clusters (see figure). Highlights

Filosofiese tendense in die wordinggeskiedenis van ons verstaan van die fisiese natuur

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D. F. M. Strauss

2006-09-01

Full Text Available Die ontstaan van ’n lang tradisie van natuurwetenskaplike denke is in antieke Griekeland te vind – die bakermat van die Westerse beskawing en die bron van geartikuleerde rasionele besinning. Die vroegste fases van die Griekse kultuur het reeds geboorte geskenk aan ’n teoretiese nadenke oor die heelal. Die Pythagoreërs is veral bekend vir hul klem op die verklaringskrag van getalsverhoudinge. In hul tese dat “alles getal is” het hulle egter slegs rasionale getalle (breuke erken en gevolglik uiteindelik vasgeloop in die ontdekking van irrasionale getalle wat tot die geometrisering van die Griekse wiskunde gelei het en tegelyk die bedding gevorm het van waaruit ’n magtige tradisie van ruimte-metafisika gegroei het wat die hele middeleeuse tydperk omspan het. Die vermeende statiese syn is in die mees ekstreme geval – die skool van Parmenides en die argumente van Zeno teen veelheid en beweging – tot in die uiteindelike antinomiese konsekwensies daarvan deurdink. Dit was egter eers die vroeg-moderne tyd – die voorgangers en nakomelinge van Galilei – wat naas getal en ruimte ’n waardering ontwikkel het vir die verklaringskrag van beweging (vergelyk die klassieke meganistiese wêreldbeeld van die heelal as ’n meganisme van stofdeeltjies in beweging. Maar ook hierdie meganistiese reduksie (waardeur alle fisiese verskynsels herlei is tot die beweging van al of niegelade massapunte sou uiteindelik misluk omdat dit nie van die onomkeerbaarheid van fisiese prosesse rekenskap kon gee nie. Gevolglik beliggaam eers die fisika van die 20ste eeu ’n erkenning van die deurslaggewend-stempelende rol van energie-werking (dus van die fisiese aspek in die aard van stoflike dinge en prosesse. Die artikel word afgesluit met ’n vlugtige verduideliking van die implikasies van die voorafgaande argumentasie vir ’n benadering van die misterie van die bestaan van materie.

Cladielloides A and B: New Eunicellin-Type Diterpenoids from an Indonesian Octocoral Cladiella sp

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Yung-Husan; Tai, Chia-Ying; Hwang, Tsong-Long; Weng, Ching-Feng; Li, Jan-Jung; Fang, Lee-Shing; Wang, Wei-Hsien; Wu, Yang-Chang; Sung, Ping-Jyun

2010-01-01

Two new eunicellin-type diterpenoids, cladielloides A (1) and B (2), which were found to possess a 2-hydroxybutyroxy group in their structures, were isolated from an Indonesian octocoral identified as Cladiella sp. The structures of eunicellins 1 and 2 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Cladielloide B (2) exhibited moderate cytotoxicity toward CCRF-CEM tumor cells and this compound displayed significant inhibitory effects on superoxide anion generation and elastase release by human neutrophils. PMID:21339957

N HERSIENING VAN DIE AFRIKAANSE VERTALING VAN DIE ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Test

vergewe. Dit sou in orde gewees het as daar gestaan het, ReMomë- j^onta^is hepta?ds. wat die grieks is vir sewentig maal sewe. Die uitdrukking. heMom&ontabis heptd sien hoogswaarskynlik op Gen. 4 : 24 (LXX) waar. Lameg meedeel dat hy sewe-en-sewentig-maal gewreek sal word. Daar sit die Afr. Vert, die uitdrukking ...

Structure of Ni-rich Ni--Cr--B--Si coating alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Knotek, O.; Lugscheider, E.; Reimann, H.

1975-01-01

The structures of quaternary, nickel-rich Ni--Cr--B--Si alloys were analyzed at a constant boron content of 10 at. percent and a temperature of 850 0 C. The composition range for silicide formation was determined. In these quaternary alloys, known binary nickel silicides, nickel and chromium borides, and the ternary silico-boride Ni 6 Si 2 B were confirmed. A new composition for the W 5 Si 3 -type phase in the Ni--B--Si system was proposed. (U.S.)

Structural insights into the globular tails of the human type v myosins Myo5a, Myo5b, And Myo5c.

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Hana Velvarska

Full Text Available Vertebrate type V myosins (MyoV Myo5a, Myo5b, and Myo5c mediate transport of several different cargoes. All MyoV paralogs bind to cargo complexes mainly by their C-terminal globular domains. In absence of cargo, the globular domain of Myo5a inhibits its motor domain. Here, we report low-resolution SAXS models for the globular domains from human Myo5a, Myo5b, and Myo5c, which suggest very similar overall shapes of all three paralogs. We determined the crystal structures of globular domains from Myo5a and Myo5b, and provide a homology model for human Myo5c. When we docked the Myo5a crystal structure into a previously published electron microscopy density of the autoinhibited full-length Myo5a, only one domain orientation resulted in a good fit. This structural arrangement suggests the participation of additional region of the globular domain in autoinhibition. Quantification of the interaction of the Myo5a globular domain with its motor complex revealed a tight binding with dissociation half-life in the order of minutes, suggesting a rather slow transition between the active and inactive states.

Polycyclic phloroglucinols as PTP1B inhibitors from Hypericum longistylum: Structures, PTP1B inhibitory activities, and interactions with PTP1B.

Science.gov (United States)

Cao, Xiangrong; Yang, Xueyuan; Wang, Peixia; Liang, Yue; Liu, Feng; Tuerhong, Muhetaer; Jin, Da-Qing; Xu, Jing; Lee, Dongho; Ohizumi, Yasushi; Guo, Yuanqiang

2017-12-01

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) has been regarded asa target for the research and development of new drugs to treat type II diabetes and PTP1B inhibitors are potential lead compounds for this type of new drugs. A phytochemical investigation to obtain new PTP1B inhibitors resulted in the isolation of four new phloroglucinols, longistyliones A-D (1-4) from the aerial parts of Hypericum longistylum. The structures of 1-4 were elucidated on the basis of extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data analysis, and the absolute configurations of these compounds were established by comparing their experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra with those calculated by the time-dependent density functional theory method. Compounds 1-4 possess a rare polycyclic phloroglucinol skeleton. The following biological evaluation revealed that all of the compounds showed PTP1B inhibitory effects. The further molecular docking studies indicated the strong interactions between these bioactive compounds with the PTP1B protein, which revealed the possible mechanism of PTP1B inhibition of bioactive compounds. All of the results implied that these compounds are potentially useful for the treatment of type II diabetes. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Die hantering van teenoorgesteldheid in enkele tipes woordeboeke, toegelig met Afrikaanse voorbeelde

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Anna Nel Otto

2011-10-01

Full Text Available Opsomming: Hoewel teenoorgesteldheid tot dusver deur baie leksikograwe as 'n bonus beskou is in die meeste tipes woordeboeke, word in hierdie artikel aangevoer dat hul insluiting verpligtend behoort te wees in aanleerderwoordeboeke en dat dit ook van groot nut kan wees in verskeie ander tipes woordeboeke. Eers word 'n uiteensetting gegee van verskillende tipes teenstellingsverhoudings. Daarna word die hantering van teenoorgesteldheid toegelig met Afrikaanse voorbeelde, in drie tipes woordeboeke bespreek met betrekking tot twee kategorie?: inligting in die toeligtingsgedeelte en in die alfabetiese gedeelte. Met verwysing na die pluspunte sowel as die tekortkominge in die bespreekte woordeboeke, word voorstelle ter verbetering van die hantering van teenoorgesteldheid in hierdie woordeboeke gemaak, bv.: (1 die term teenoorgesteldheid behoort duidelik omskryf te word in die toeligtingsgedeelte, (2 die leksikale items waarby teenoorgesteldes aangedui kan word, behoort as lemmas op hulle alfabetiese plekke opgeneem te word, (3 die teenoorgesteldes van hierdie lemmas behoort by di? lemmas aangedui te word, en (4 die mees frekwente teenoorgesteldes kan deur middel van korpusontleding ge?dentifiseer word. Sleutelwoorde: AANLEERDERWOORDEBOEK, ALFABETIESE GEDEELTE, ANTONIMIE,DEFINI?RING, EENTALIGE WOORDEBOEK, KRUISVERWYSINGS, LEKSIKOGRAFIE, LEMMA, SEMANTIESE OPPOSISIE, TEENOORGESTELDHEID, TOELIGTINGSGEDEELTE, TWEETALIGE WOORDEBOEK Abstract: The Treatment of Opposites in a Few Types of Dictionaries, Illustrated by Afrikaans Examples. Although lexical items indicating semantic opposition have, until now, been regarded by many lexicographers as a bonus in most types of dictionaries, it is argued in this article that their inclusion should be compulsory in learner's dictionaries and that it can also be of great value in many other types of dictionaries. First an exposition is given of different types of semantic opposition. Then the treatment of opposition

Clinical nurses' attitudes towards death and caring for dying patients in China.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Liping; Li, Chaxiang; Zhang, Qiongling; Li, YaJie

2018-01-02

To examine Chinese clinical nurses' attitudes towards death and caring for dying patients, and to examine the relationships between clinical nurses' attitudes towards death and caring for dying patients. A convenience sample of 770 clinical nurses from 15 hospitals in China. All participants completed the Chinese version of the Frommelt Attitude Toward Care of the Dying Scale, Form B (FATCOD-B-C), the Chinese version of the Death Attitude Profile-Revised (DAP-R-C), and a demographic questionnaire. The mean score of the FATCOD-B-C items was 95.62 (SD = 7.45). The majority of Chinese clinical nurses were likely to provide care for the dying person's family (mean = 3.77), but did not have a positive attitude towards communication with the dying person(mean = 2.62). The majority of Chinese clinical nurses showed low scores on death avoidance (mean=1.96) and natural acceptance (mean = 1.61), and most of them viewed death as a passageway to a happy afterlife (mean = 4.33). Attitudes towards caring for dying patients were significantly negatively correlated with fear of death (r = -0.120) and positively correlated with approach acceptance (r = 0.127) and natural acceptance (r = 0.117). Factors that predicted clinical nurses' attitudes towards the care of dying patients included education level, fear of death, approach acceptance, religious beliefs, previous education on death and dying, natural acceptance, professional title, and experience with death or dying patients, which accounted for 18.7% of the variance. Nurses' personal attitudes towards death were associated with their attitudes towards the care of dying patients. Training and educational programmes for clinical nurses should take into consideration nurses' personal attitudes towards death as well as their cultural backgrounds and religious beliefs.

Modeling the Mechanical Performance of Die Casting Dies

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

R. Allen Miller

2004-02-27

The following report covers work performed at Ohio State on modeling the mechanical performance of dies. The focus of the project was development and particularly verification of finite element techniques used to model and predict displacements and stresses in die casting dies. The work entails a major case study performed with and industrial partner on a production die and laboratory experiments performed at Ohio State.

Precision die design by the die expansion method

CERN Document Server

Ibhadode, A O Akii

2009-01-01

This book presents a new method for the design of the precision dies used in cold-forging, extrusion and drawing processes. The method is based upon die expansion, and attempts to provide a clear-cut theoretical basis for the selection of critical die dimensions for this group of precision dies when the tolerance on product diameter (or thickness) is specified. It also presents a procedure for selecting the minimum-production-cost die from among a set of design alternatives. The mathematical content of the book is relatively simple and will present no difficulty to those who have taken basic c

n hoofstuk in die (outo)biografie van die predikant (pastor?) 1 ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

biografie van die dominee (pastor?), spreek om verskeie redes boekdele. Die gebruik van die onbepaalde lidwoord is eerstens 'n bevestiging dat die artikel slegs 'n verdere bydrae (hoofstuk) tot die bestaande en steeds voortgaande gesprek (boek) oor die biografie van die dominee is (Heitink 2001). Tweedens plaas ek ...

(Pt1-xCux)3Cu2B and Pt9Cu3B5, the first examples of copper platinum borides. Observation of superconductivity in a novel boron filled β-Mn-type compound

Science.gov (United States)

Salamakha, Leonid P.; Sologub, Oksana; Stöger, Berthold; Michor, Herwig; Bauer, Ernst; Rogl, Peter F.

2015-09-01

New ternary copper platinum borides have been synthesized by arc melting of pure elements followed by annealing at 600 °C. The structures have been studied by X-ray single crystal and powder diffraction. (Pt1-xCux)3Cu2B (x=0.33) forms a B-filled β-Mn-type structure (space group P4132; a=0.6671(1) nm). Cu atoms are distributed preferentially on the 8c atom sites, whereas the 12d site is randomly occupied by Pt and Cu atoms (0.670(4) Pt±0.330(4) Cu). Boron is located in octahedral voids of the parent β-Mn-type structure. Pt9Cu3B5 (space group P-62m; a=0.9048(3) nm, c=0.2908(1) nm) adopts the Pt9Zn3B5-δ-type structure. It has a columnar architecture along the short translation vector exhibiting three kinds of [Pt6] trigonal prism columns (boron filled, boron semi-filled and empty) and Pt channels with a pentagonal cross section filled with Cu atoms. The striking structural feature is a [Pt6] cluster in form of an empty trigonal prism at the origin of the unit cell, which is surrounded by coupled [BPt6] and [Pt6] trigonal prisms, rotated perpendicularly to the central one. There is no B-B contact as well as Cu-B contact in the structure. The relationships of Pt9Cu3B5 structure with the structure of Ti1+xOs2-xRuB2 as well as with the structure families of metal sulfides and aluminides have been elucidated. (Pt1-xCux)3Cu2B (x=0.3) (B-filled β-Mn-type structure) is a bulk superconductor with a transition temperature of about 2.06 K and an upper critical field μ0HC2(0)WHH of 1.2 T, whereas no superconducting transition has been observed up to 0.3 K in Pt9Cu3B5 (Pt9Zn3B5-δ-type structure) from electrical resistivity measurements.

Dehydration breakdown of antigorite and the formation of B-type olivine CPO

Science.gov (United States)

Nagaya, Takayoshi; Wallis, Simon R.; Kobayashi, Hiroaki; Michibayashi, Katsuyoshi; Mizukami, Tomoyuki; Seto, Yusuke; Miyake, Akira; Matsumoto, Megumi

2014-02-01

Peridotite formed by contact metamorphism and dehydration breakdown of an antigorite schist from the Happo area, central Japan shows a strong olivine crystallographic preferred orientation (Ol CPO). The lack of mesoscale deformation structures associated with the intrusion and the lack of microstructural evidence for plastic deformation of neoblastic grains suggest that olivine CPO in this area did not form as a result of solid-state deformation. Instead, the good correspondence between the original antigorite orientation and the orientation of the newly formed olivine implies the CPO formed by topotactic growth of the olivine after antigorite. Ol CPO is likely to develop by a similar process in subduction zone environments where foliated serpentinite is dragged down to depths where antigorite is no longer stable. The Happo Ol CPO has a strong a-axis concentration perpendicular to the lineation and within the foliation-commonly referred to as B-type Ol CPO. Seismic fast directions parallel to the ocean trench are observed in many convergent margins and are consistent with the presence of B-type Ol CPO in the mantle wedge of these regions. Experimental work has shown that B-type CPO can form by dislocation creep under hydrous conditions at relatively high stresses. There are, however, several discrepancies between the characteristics of natural and laboratory samples with B-type Ol CPO. (1) The formation conditions (stress and temperature) of some natural examples with B-type CPO fall outside those predicted by experiments. (2) In deformation experiments, slip in the crystallographic c-axis direction is important but has not been observed in natural examples of B-type CPO. (3) Experimental work suggests the presence of H2O and either high shear stress or relatively low temperatures are essential for the formation of B-type CPO. These conditions are most likely to be achieved close to subduction boundaries, but these regions are also associated with serpentinization

DIE ROL VAN DIE SUID-AFRIKAANSE WEERMAG IN NATUUR- EN ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

sedert die vroeg 1900's deur die Weermag be- heer. In 1967 was dit die eerste militere terrein wat tot privaatnatuurreservaat verklaar is. Vhembe bestaan uit 4 hoofplantgemeenskappe nl. rivieraewerbos, vloedvlaktes, ranteveld en die sandveldplato. Wildsoorte op die terrein sl!Jit rooibokke, bosbokke, waterbokke, koedoes,.

Die entwicklung, die metamorphose, die entstehung: Die konzepte des organismus von Aristoteles bis Darwin

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Kamerer Eva

2009-01-01

Full Text Available (nemački In diesem Aufsatz versuche ich, die Elemente verschiedener Konzepte des Organismus in der Philosophie und in der Wissenschaft zu analysieren. Die Deutungen des Organismus und der Einheit der Natur bei Aristoteles, Kant und Goethe werden als ein Beispiel der Bewegung von einem finalistischen zum antifinalistischen Bild der Natur verstanden.

Rauniticine-allo-Oxindole B and Rauniticinic-allo Acid B, New Heteroyohimbine-Type Oxindole Alkaloids from the Stems of Malaysian Uncaria longiflora var. pteropoda

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Rohaya Ahmad

2011-08-01

Full Text Available Two new heteroyohimbine-type oxindole alkaloids, rauniticine-allo-oxindole B and rauniticinic-allo acid B, have been successfully isolated from the stems extract of Malaysian Uncaria longiflora var. pteropoda. The structures of the two new alkaloids were determined by spectroscopic analysis.

die aard van wetgewende diskresies by die suid-afrikaanse ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Administrator

In enige moderne demokrasie is daar een of ander vorm van skeiding van magte tussen die wetgewende, uitvoerende en regsprekende gesag. Hierdie skeiding van magte, die sogenaamde trias politica, kan sover teruggevoer word as 1215, met die ondertekening van die Magna Carta deur Koning John van Engeland.

die krag van simbole en rites in die liturgie 1. probleemstelling

African Journals Online (AJOL)

uitroepe vervang met die drie keer Kyrie eleison, die drie maal Christe eleison en die drie keer Kyrie eleison-uitroepe (Albrecht 1989:43). Op die lang duur het die uitroep dus heeltemal losgeraak van die gebede en het dit 'n selfstandige liturgiese element geword (Van Rongen. 1990:35). Die Reformasie met sy nadruk op ...

A comparative evaluation of linear dimensional accuracy of the dies obtained using three conceptually different die systems in the fabrication of implant prosthesis: An in vitro study

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Manawar Ahmad

2014-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the linear dimensional accuracy between the implant master die and three conceptually different die systems such as Pindex system, Accu-trac precision die system, and Conventional brass dowel pin system. Materials and Methods: Thirty impressions of implant master die were made with polyether impression material. Ten experimental implant casts were fabricated for each of the three different die systems tested: Accu-trac precision die tray system, Pindex system, and conventional brass dowel pin system. The solid experimental casts were sectioned and then removed from the die system 30 times. Linear distances between all six possible distances were measured from one centre of the transfer coping to the other, using a co-ordinate measuring machine in millimeters up to accuracy of 0.5 microns. Data were tabulated and statistically analyzed by Binomial non parametric test using SPSS version 15. Results: Significant differences were found for distance A-B (P = 0.002, A-C ( P = 0.002, A-D (P value = 0.002, and B-D ( P = 0.021 in Conventional Dowel pin system however for Accu-trac precision die tray system, it was significant only for distance A-D (P = 0.002 but for Pindex system it was non-significant for all the distances measured. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, use of Pindex system is recommended when sectioned dies are needed for a multi implant retained prosthesis.

Paradigmas en progressie in die teologie: *n Perspektief op die ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Die metodologie as besinningsterrein word egter al belangriker. Gedurende die tweede week van April 1988 het teoloë van dwarsoor Suid-. Afrika by die nuwe gebou van die Raad vir Geesteswetenskaplike Navorsing in. Pretoria byeen gekom vir 'n kongres van amper drie dae met die tema Paradigma.'> 476. ISSN 0259 ...

DIE PERSOON VAN VREDE IN DIE SENDING

African Journals Online (AJOL)

aan dat 'n lewe onder die gesag van God tot volle vrede lei: “In coming under the rule of Yahweh, moreover, life was made whole and safe.” Dit is spesifiek in die tempel waar die volheid van God se vrede ondervind word (1997:662):. The temple is indeed the place where Israel entered into Yahweh's full zone of shalom.

Modelle und Methoden für die Bestandsauslegung in Heijunka-nivellierten Supply Chains

OpenAIRE

Veit, Martin B.

2010-01-01

In dieser Arbeit werden analytische Bestandsmodelle für die Heijunka-Nivellierung unter Berücksichtigung schwankender Nachfrage- und Produktionsprozesse entwickelt. Dies ist in der Praxis von größerer Bedeutung, als die bisherigen wissenschaftlichen Modelle mit dem Ziel einer möglichst gleichmäßigen Produktionssequenz. Es werden Fragestellungen beantwortet, die bei der Auslegung der Nivellierung in der Industrie immer wieder auftreten, wie z.B. die Auslegung bei saisonalem Nachfrageve...

Isothermal section of diagram of U-Mo-B and U-Re-B systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Val'ovka, I.P.; Kuz'ma, Yu.B.

1986-01-01

The methods of X-ray analysis are used to study the U-Mo-B and U-Re-B systems and to plot phase equilibrium diagrams at 1000 and 800 deg C, respectively. A formation of boride UMoB 4 (structure of the ThMoB 4 type) is confirmed in the U-Mo-B system and new compounds are found: U 2 MoB 6 (rhombic structure of the Y 2 ReB 6 type, a=0.9301(9), b=1.1434(11), c=0.3678(4) nm), ∼UMo 2 B 6 and ∼ UMo 4 B 4 with unknown structures. In the U-Re-B system besides previously known boride UReB 4 (the ThMoB 4 structure type), new ones are obtained: U 2 ReB 6 (Y 2 ReB 6 type, a=0.9373(9), b=1.1529(13), c0.3653(4) nm) and UReB 3 (hexagonal structure of the proper type, a=0.5083(1), c=0.5095(1) nm)

Etiese perspektiewe op haatspraak in die lig van die derde gebod

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Jakobus M. (Koos Vorster

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Hierdie artikel fokus op die implikasies van die derde gebod met betrekking tot haatspraak in Suid-Afrika (SA vandag. Die artikel gaan uit van die standpunt dat die name van God op sy wese dui. Die name van God soos dit in die bybelse openbaringsgeskiedenis ontwikkel word, druk die gemeenskapskarakter van God se verhouding met mense en die skepping uit. Die betekenis van die name kulmineer in die Nuwe-Testamentiese uitdrukkings Vader en God is liefde. Alle verbale gedrag wat hierdie gemeenskaps- en liefdesverhouding inhibeer, oortree die derde gebod. Die misbruik van die Naam van God vind onder andere plaas wanneer mense, wat na die beeld van God geskep is, gedegradeer word deur haatspraak, omdat sodanige degradering die gemeenskap en liefde tussen God en die mens skend. Ten slotte word sekere gevalle van haatspraak soos dit vandag in Suid-Afrika voorkom, teologies-eties belig teen die agtergrond van die betekenis van die derde gebod. Hierdie vorms sluit religieuse, rassistiese, xenofobiese, seksistiese en homofobiese haatspraak in. This article focuses on the implications of the third commandment for hate speech in modern-day South Africa. The article contends that the names of God are expressions of his Being. The names of God as they are developed in the biblical history of revelation express his creation of covenantal community and restored relations with humankind and creation. The meaning of the names of God culminates in the New Testament expressions Father and God is love. Verbal actions that inhibit the new community created by God or violate love transgress the third commandment. Misuse of the name of God occurs among others when people, created in the image of God, are verbally degraded by hate speech because such degradation violates the community of love between God and humankind. In conclusion, the article indicates forms of hate speech in South Africa that should be dealt with in the light of the third commandment. These are acts

Die era van Suid-Afrika se militere hoogbloei met die ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

4 Jun 1976 ... Die Toyota 1200 bakkie is geadverteer met die woorde 'Hier kom die pantserbakkie', teen die agtergrond van 'n olifant tenk.32. Daar is ook 'n betrekking deur Thorold en van Wyk geadverteer waar militere opleiding 'n voorvereiste was.33. Daar was ook films wat weermag en polisie gebasseer is wat in die ...

’n Etiek van liefde: Die etiese perspektiewe van die Heidelbergse Kategismus

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Koos Vorster

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Hierdie artikel behandel die etiese perspektiewe van die Heidelbergse Kategismus – een van die prominente belydenisskrifte in die gereformeerde tradisie. Die etiese relevansie is ingebed in die konfessie se verklaring van die tien gebooie. Die artikel verduidelik dat die etiek van die Heidelbergse Kategismus ten diepste ’n karakteretiek is en dat dit gelowiges oproep tot ’n etiek van liefde. Hierdie liefde sluit in liefde vir die verbondsgemeenskap, die bediening van die Woord, die heiligheid van God en die waardigheid van mense, die gemeenskap van die gelowiges, gesag, die lewe, die huwelik, privaatbesit en arbeid asook waarheid en geregtigheid. As gevolg van die sinekdogeekarakter van die wet is hierdie etiek van liefde vandag baie relevant. This article deals with the ethical relevance of one of the prominent confessions in the reformed tradition, namely the Heidelberg Cathechism. The ethical relevance lies in the confession’s elucidation of the ten commandments and its application to moral conduct. The article explains that the ethics of the Heidelberg Catechism is essentially a virtue ethics calling for an ethics of love. This love should include love for the covenantal communion, ministry of the Word, the holiness of God and the dignity of people, the communion of the saints, authority, life, marriage, private property and labour, and truth and justice. Due to the synecdochical character of the ten commandments this ethics of love is highy relevant in the present times.

Die invloed van herbivorie en vuur op die oorlewing van sekere meerjarige kruide langs die Sabierivier, Kruger Nasionale Park

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H. Myburgh

2012-03-01

Full Text Available Die groot vloede wat in die jaar 2000 in die Kruger Nasionale Park plaasgevind het, het dierivieroewerplantegroei versteur. Dit het die geleentheid gebied om heinings op te rig langsdie Sabierivier om herbivore uit sekere gebiede uit te sluit en sodoende die herstel van die rivieroewerekosisteme te monitor.

Die invloed van gesondheidsopvoeding op die prevalensie van skistosoombesmettings by leerders in ’n skistosoom - endemiese gebied in die Limpopoprovinsie

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Corrie Wolmarans

2008-09-01

Full Text Available In hierdie studie is geselekteerde direkte en indirekte onderrigmetodes geëvalueer ten opsigte vanhulle potensiaal om die prevalensie van skistosoombesmettings by skoolgaande kinders, woonagtigin ’n landelike omgewing in ’n skistosoom-endemiese gebied, te verlaag. Twee direkte (poppekas enblaaibord en drie indirekte (plakkaat, kennisgewingbord en onderrig via ouers of voogdeonderrigmetodes is geëvalueer.Skistosoombesmette leerders is met behulp van parasitologiese metodes geïdentifiseer en aan ’nvraelys in hul moerdertaal onderwerp om onder andere op hoogte van hulle kennis ten opsigte vanskistosomose te kom en te bepaal hoe die infrastruktuur tot hulle beskikking wat water en sanitasiebetref, daar uitsien. Leerders is met behulp van plaaslike gesondheidspersoneel vir die siekte behandelen daarna op verskeie geleenthede in samewerking met plaaslike onderwysers aan die verskillendeonderrigmetodes blootgestel.’n Aansienlike toename in die leerders se kennis aangaande skistosomose is reeds na die tweedeonderrigsessie waargeneem. Ten spyte van die feit dat die leerders in ’n skistosoom-endemiesegebied woonagtig was, het slegs 2% die siekte met ’n natuurlike waterhabitat soos ’n rivier geassosieer.Daar is verder gevind dat relevante amptelike strukture soos klinieke, geneeshere en skole byna geenrol speel in die verskaffing van inligting van wat die siekte behels en hoe dit oorgedra word nie.Betekenisvolle afnames in die kumulatiewe prevalensie van besmetting het by al die groepe, wat aandie onderskeie onderrigmetodes blootgestel was gedurende die ondersoek, voorgekom, wanneer ditmet die kontrolewaarde waar die leerders geen onderrig ontvang het nie, vergelyk is. Statistiesevergelykings tussen die verskillende onderrigmetodes het getoon dat die poppekas, blaaibord enplakkaat die effektiefste was om die prevalensie te verlaag, terwyl die gebruik van ouers of voogdedie minste effektief was. Alhoewel die kumulatiewe prevalensie van

Knitted structures of endless fibers for gas cleaning. Pt. 2; Gestrickte Strukturen aus Endlosfasern fuer die Abgasreinigung. T. 2

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mayer, A.; Mayer, J.; Wintermantel, E.; Buck, A.; Schmidt, R.M.; Mattes, P.; Sudmanns, H.; Bressler, H.

1995-07-01

Knittings based on ceramic filament yarns can be used to clean polluted air and exhaust gas efficiently up to temperatures of 1000 C. They provide interesting properties for the filtration of Diesel particles as well as for catalysis and adsorption of toxic gas components. The special knitting technology can handle any brittle fibers, producing elastic structures, which are thermochoc-resistent and can therefore even be used for preturbo applications. The first part of this paper, published in MTZ 56 (1995) 2 deals with the basic properties of this cleaning medium. This second part concentrates on Diesel particulate trop applications. These new trap and catalyst concepts are under development by Buck/Bondorf with TTM/Niederrohrdorf. Basic research is delegated to ETH Zuerich and Universitaet by Gillet/Edenkoben and, with focus on preturbo-applications by MTU/Friedrichshafen. (orig.) [Deutsch] Gestricke aus keramischen Endlosfasern sind bis zu Temperaturen um 1000 C fuer die Abluft- und Abgasreinigung einsetzbar. Sie eignen sich fuer die Filtration von Dieselpartikeln, insbesondere deren Feinstfraktionen ebenso wie fuer die Katalyse und fuer die Adsorption gasfoermiger Schadstoffkomponenten. Die Strukturen sind volumenelastisch, unempfindlich gegen Thermoschock und daher auch im motornahen Bereich risikoarm einsetzbar. In einem ersten Teilbeitrag in der Februarausgabe der MTZ wurden grundlegende Erkenntnisse dieses Abgasreinigungsmediums beschrieben. Der vorliegende zweite Teil beschreibt Anwendungen mit Schwerpunkt Dieselpartikelfilter. Diese neue Fasertechnik wird bei Buck, Bondorf, zusammen mit TTM, Niderrohrdorf, entwickelt. Forschungsarbeiten werden an der ETH Zuerich und der Universitaet Erlangen im Rahmen des BMFT-Projektes 01 VQ 9305/9 durchgefuehrt. Fragen zu motornachgeschalteten Anwendungen untersucht Gillett, Edenkoben, Moeglichkeiten der Motorintegration solcher Filter die MTU Friedrichshafen. (orig.)

Designability of Aromatic Interaction Networks at E. coli Bacterioferritin B-Type Channels

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Yu Zhang

2017-12-01

Full Text Available The bacterioferritin from E. coli (BFR, a maxi-ferritin made of 24 subunits, has been utilized as a model to study the fundamentals of protein folding and self-assembly. Through structural and computational analyses, two amino acid residues at the B-site interface of BFR were chosen to investigate the role they play in the self-assembly of nano-cage formation, and the possibility of building aromatic interaction networks at B-type protein–protein interfaces. Three mutants were designed, expressed, purified, and characterized using transmission electron microscopy, size exclusion chromatography, native gel electrophoresis, and temperature-dependent circular dichroism spectroscopy. All of the mutants fold into α-helical structures and possess lowered thermostability. The double mutant D132W/N34W was 12 °C less stable than the wild type, and was also the only mutant for which cage-like nanostructures could not be detected in the dried, surface-immobilized conditions of transmission electron microscopy. Two mutants—N34W and D132W/N34W—only formed dimers in solution, while mutant D132W favored the 24-mer even more robustly than the wild type, suggesting that we were successful in designing proteins with enhanced assembly properties. This investigation into the structure of this important class of proteins could help to understand the self-assembly of proteins in general.

Type B Hepatitis in Iran

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M. Tabarestani

1977-01-01

Full Text Available Hepatitis B surface antigen CHBsAg was found in 1% of controls, 2.1% of professional blood donors, 2.0% of leprosy patients and 76.1% of acute hepatitis in Tehran and Mashhad, Iran. All HBsAg positive samples also possessed antibody to the hepatitis B core antigen and all were subtype ayw. Type B hepatitis and the HBsAg state aloe frequent in Iran, but most must be accounted for by u nonparenter- al" or "rnapparent'' parenteral exposure.

duele verse sowel as die somtotaal die leser

African Journals Online (AJOL)

27 Jan 2006 ... selfs 'n landkaart afgedruk) terwyl dit ter- selfdertyd ver bo die lokale uitstyg. Die digter is sterk bewus van sy omgewing, geskiedenis en tradisies, maar veral van die algemene menslike kondisie wat binne hierdie referensiekader vergestalt word. Hy gebruik 'n bekende historiese slagveld as bundeltitel (en ...

Paulus as vredemaker. Oor die resepsie van die Brief aan Filemon ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

7 Jul 2015 ... Inleiding. Die woord 'vrede' kom net een maal in die Filemonbrief voor, en wel in die aanhef van die brief. Kommentatore merk egter gereeld op dat 'n mens nie daaruit moet aflei dat dié begrip onbelangrik vir die verstaan van die brief is nie. Om een voorbeeld te noem: Barth en Blanke. (2002) skryf as volg:.

Die wet is evangelie: Die Heidelbergse Kategismus steeds aktueel na 450 jaar

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Piet Strauss

2013-09-01

Full Text Available In die denke van Martin Luther bestaan daar spanning tussen die wet van God en die evangelie. Vir Luther is liefde die eie werk en die wet die vreemde werk van God. Daarteenoor integreer of versoen Johannes Calvyn God se wet met die evangelie. Hy vertolk die openingswoorde van die wet byvoorbeeld as liefdevol en bevrydend en daarom evangelies. Calvyn beskou die wet as die manier waarop ’n Christen sy liefde vir God uitleef en sy dankaarheid teenoor God vir sy verlossing betoon. Calvyn se siening oor die verhouding tussen die wet en die evangelie het ’n betekenisvolle invloed op die Heidelbergse Kategismus se formulering ten opsigte van hierdie saak. Volgens die Kategismus is die wet evangelie, of die vorm wat die evangelie in die lewe van die mens aanneem. In the thought of Martin Luther tension exists between the law of God and the gospel. Luther regards love as the own work of God and the law as something strange to the Lord. John Calvin, however, integrates Gods law and the gospel to the extent that the opening words of the ten commandments are regarded as words of love and redemption and therefore evangelical. To Calvin the law becomes the way in which a converted Christian lives and shows his gratitude to God for his salvation. Calvin’s view on the relationship between law and gospel had a significant influence on the way in which the Heidelberg Cathecism formulates these two concepts. For the Cathecism the law is gospel or the form in which the gospel takes shape in human life.

Über die amorphen Stoffe in den Tonen verschiedener Böden

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Beutelspacher, H.; Marel, van der H.W.

1961-01-01

In der Feinfraktion des Bodens findet man die amorphen organischen Stoffe, die hauptsächlich aus Huminsäuren bestehen. W. Flaig und H. Beutelspacher (1950, 1951, 1954) konnten zeigen, daB sie im Elektronenmikroskop als kugelförmige Teilchen zu sehen sind.

Die gebruik van die mite in Die werfbobbejaan van Alexander Strachan

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E. M.M. Klopper

1996-05-01

Full Text Available The use of myths in Die werfbobbejaan by Alexander Strachan This article focuses on the rote of Zulu myths in Alexander Strachan’s novel Die werfbobbejaan. It lakes as point of departure sources on mythology like Cuddon (1991, Baldick (1990, Grimal (1969, Levi-Strauss (1979 and Jung (1969. Die werfbobbejaan essentially recounts the story of a man (the adventurer, the academic, the writer, the hunter who also is the central character in Strachan's two preceding novels. Die werfbobbejaan focuses on the completion of an individuation process in the life of the central character, a process already begun in the preceding two novels and which in this novel finally culminates in the confrontation between hunter and baboon. The completion of this process is facilitated by the African milieu of Zululand where people give meaning to their existence by means of myths, and where no distinction is made between the mythic and rational modes of experiencing reality.

Influence of the freezing process on the pore structure of freeze-dried collagen sponges; Einfluss des Einfriervorganges auf die Porenstruktur gefriergetrockneter Kollagenschwaemme

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schoof, H.; Bruns, L.; Apel, J.; Heschel, I.; Rau, G. [Helmholz-Inst. fuer Biomedizinische Technik, Aachen (Germany)

1997-12-31

Freeze-dried sponges are used as colonisable tissue implants. As their porous structure is important for rapid colonisation it was found desirable to be able to produce homogeneous pore structures to specification. The structure of freeze-dried sponges is largely the same as the ice crystal morphology of frozen samples. In industrial manufacture suspensions are solidified in a cold bath. Freezing conditions are not stationary in this process, rendering ice crystal morphology inhomogeneous. However, studies on directed solidification as it is used in the Bridgman or the power-down method have shown that certain freezing conditions permit the production of collagen sponges of homogenous predefined pore size. [Deutsch] Gefriergetrocknete Kollagenschwaemme werden als besiedelbare Gewebeimplantate eingesetzt. Da die poroese Struktur fuer eine zuegige Besiedelung von grosser Bedeutung ist, sollen Kollagenschwaemme mit einer einstellbaren und homogenen Porenstruktur hergestellt werden. Die Struktur der gefriergetrockneten Schwaemme entspricht weitestgehend der Eiskristallmorphologie der gefrorenen Probe. Bei der industriellen Herstellung werden Suspensionen in einem Kaeltebad erstarrt. Die Einfrierbedingungen sind dabei nicht stationaer, was zu einer inhomogenen Eiskristallmorphologie fuehrt. Untersuchungen zur gerichteten Erstarrung nach dem Bridgman- und dem Power-Down-Verfahren ergaben jedoch, dass unter bestimmten Einfrierbedingungen Kollagenschwaemme mit homogener und definierbarer Porengroesse hergestellt werden koennen. (orig.)

N HERSIENING VAN DIE AFRIKAANSE VERTALING VAN DIE ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Test

aangetoon het, 'n huis in Kapernaum gehad en hierdie geskiedenis speel in Kapernaum of daar digby af. Jesus en sy dissipele het namelik, volgens 6:35 geland by Gennesaret, net suid van Kapernaum Die gevolgtrekking word ondersteun deur Joh. 6:17 waarvolgens die dissi pele na die spysiging op Kapernaum gevaar ...

Fragmentation of the CRISPR-Cas Type I-B signature protein Cas8b.

Science.gov (United States)

Richter, Hagen; Rompf, Judith; Wiegel, Julia; Rau, Kristina; Randau, Lennart

2017-11-01

CRISPR arrays are transcribed into long precursor RNA species, which are further processed into mature CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs). Cas proteins utilize these crRNAs, which contain spacer sequences that can be derived from mobile genetic elements, to mediate immunity during a reoccurring virus infection. Type I CRISPR-Cas systems are defined by the presence of different Cascade interference complexes containing large and small subunits that play major roles during target DNA selection. Here, we produce the protein and crRNA components of the Type I-B CRISPR-Cas complex of Clostridium thermocellum and Methanococcus maripaludis. The C. thermocellum Cascade complexes were reconstituted and analyzed via size-exclusion chromatography. Activity of the heterologous M. maripaludis CRISPR-Cas system was followed using phage lambda plaques assays. The reconstituted Type-I-B Cascade complex contains Cas7, Cas5, Cas6b and the large subunit Cas8b. Cas6b can be omitted from the reconstitution protocol. The large subunit Cas8b was found to be represented by two tightly associated protein fragments and a small C-terminal Cas8b segment was identified in recombinant complexes and C. thermocellum cell lysate. Production of Cas8b generates a small C-terminal fragment, which is suggested to fulfill the role of the missing small subunit. A heterologous, synthetic M. maripaludis Type I-B system is active in E. coli against phage lambda, highlighting a potential for genome editing using endogenous Type-I-B CRISPR-Cas machineries. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Biochemistry of Synthetic Biology - Recent Developments" Guest Editor: Dr. Ilka Heinemann and Dr. Patrick O'Donoghue. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Pressure dependent elastic and structural (B3-B1) properties of Ga based monopnictides

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Varshney, Dinesh; Joshi, Geetanjali; Varshney, Meenu; Shriya, Swarna

2010-01-01

By formulating an effective interionic interaction potential that incorporates the long-range Coulomb, the covalency effects, the charge transfer caused by the deformation of the electron shells of the overlapping ions, the Hafemeister and Flygare type short-range overlap repulsion extended up to the second neighbour ions and the van der Waals (vdW) interaction, the pressure dependent elastic and thermodynamical properties of the III-V semiconductors as GaY (Y = N, P, As) are studied. The estimated values of phase transition pressure of GaY (Y = N, P, As) are in reasonably good agreement with the available data on the phase transition pressures (P t = 41, 22, 17 GPa). The vast volume discontinuity in pressure-volume phase diagram identifies a structural phase transition from zinc-blende (B3) to rock salt (B1) structure. Later on, the Poisson's ratio ν, the ratio R S/B of S (Voigt averaged shear modulus) over B (bulk modulus), elastic anisotropy parameter, elastic wave velocity, average wave velocity and Debye temperature as functions of pressure is calculated. From Poisson's ratio and the ratio R S/B it is inferred that GaY (Y = N, P, As) is brittle [ductile] in zinc-blende (B3) [Sodium Chloride (B1)] phase. To our knowledge this is the first quantitative theoretical prediction of the pressure dependence of ductile (brittle) nature of GaY compounds and still awaits experimental confirmations.

Die dinamika van die beperkte drie-deeltjie-probleem in sterrekunde

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Keegan D. Anderson

2011-09-01

Full Text Available Die beperkte drie-deeltjie-probleem is een van die oudste probleme in klassieke fisika en is alvir ongeveer die afgelope honderd jaar bestudeer. Die probleem is nie oplosbaar op ‘n geslote analitiese wyse nie, alhoewel ’n oneindige reeks oplossing bestaan.

Die taak van akademiese geletterdheid/hede binne die konteks van ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Opsomming. Die vestiging van Akademiese Geletterdheid by tersiêre instansies in Suid-Afrika het gegroei uit die besef dat 'n goedontwikkelde akademiese taalvermoë essensieel is vir akademiese prestasie. Gepubliseerde literatuur getuig van die belangrike verskuiwings wat oor die afgelope aantal dekades plaasgevind ...

Die verhaal as mitiese vraagstelling: die verhaalkuns van Henriette Grové

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Heilna du Plooy

1996-03-01

Full Text Available Story as mythical questioning: The narrative art of Henriette GrovéHenriette Grove's stories are mostly concerned with the nature and meaning of human experience, especially human suffering. In this article an effort is made to characterize these stories, indicating the relation between the stories and a way of thinking that is primarily concerned with metaphysical, mythical and religious issues. Texts like In die kamer was ’n kas and Die kêrel van die Pêrel and some short stories are examined to find indications of the underlying vision of man from which the stories generate. Special attention will be given to focalization in the stories, indicating the need to extend the meaning and use of the term so that textual as well as extratextual modal relations can be described. These relations may provide an indication of the vision of man which is favoured by the “abstract author" and which in this case seems to encompass much more than mere ideological thought patterns. Grové's stories posit questions which, being mythical questions, can only be answered in a religious manner. The stories do not provide solutions to the problematic nature o f experience and suffering, but insist on asking the type of questions with which religion concerns itself.

Die 'postmoderne' stempel in die Nuwe-Testamentiese hermeneutiek

African Journals Online (AJOL)

georiënteerde teorie en kritiek wat volgens Moore opbou tot 'n herhaling binne. Bybelnavorsing. Dit het reeds by Immanuel Kant begin. Sedert Kant is dit proble- maties cm die objek van kennis te beskou as iets wat kennis objektief in sigself bevat. Objektiwisme is prys gegee. Dialektiek het in die plek daarvan gekom. Die.

DIE KONINGSBEDE AS ELEMENT IN DIE KRONINGSRITUEEL. By ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Test

Die offerfees te Gibeon was 'n plegtigheid, waaraan geheel Israel deelgeneem het. Die duisend. "brandoffers" wat sowel Kon. as Kron. vermeld, sal wel opgevat moet word as „brandoffers en dankoffers", sodat daar vir die aanwesiges. *n groot feesmaaltyd aangerig is, vgl. I Kon. 3:15. n Sodanige maal- tyd verbind vors en ...

Quantenfische die Stringtheorie und die Suche nach Weltformel

CERN Document Server

Lüst, Dieter

2011-01-01

Lässt sich das Verhalten aller Dinge, von den kleinsten Teilchen bis zum Universum, einheitlich beschreiben? Der heißeste Kandidat für die Entwicklung einer Weltformel, die alle physikalischen Phänomene erklären kann, ist die Stringtheorie. Sollte sie sich als richtig erweisen, so würde das unser Verständnis über den Ursprung der Naturgesetze dramatisch verändern. Denn das von uns beobachtete Universum wäre dann vermutlich eine winzige Blase in einem viel größeren Gebilde, dem Multiversum. Um die Stringtheorie und die Idee des Multiversums plausibel zu machen, greift der international bekannte theoretische Physiker Dieter Lüst auf ein Modell zurück: das Leben von Fischen in einem Teich. Eines Tages gelingt es den Fischen, die kleinsten Teilchen zu identifizieren, aus denen alles im Fischteich besteht - eingeschlossen sie selbst. Sie nennen diese Urbausteine Quantenfische, da ihr Verhalten nahelegt, dass sie auch eine Art von Lebewesen sind. Doch der ersten folgt eine weitere Entdeckung der Fisch...

Van die Gasredakteur

African Journals Online (AJOL)

cherish and teach.'1. Die Fakulteit Geneeskunde van die Universiteit van die Oranje-Vrystaat het pragtig gegroei ge- durende die eerste 21 jaar van sy bestaan. Die entoesiasme, doelgerigtheid, harde werk en inisia- tiewe van 'n groot aantal persone was hiervoor verantwoordelik. 'If we see a bit more clearly than they, it is ...

Using Factor Mixture Models to Evaluate the Type A/B Classification of Alcohol Use Disorders in a Heterogeneous Treatment Sample

Science.gov (United States)

Hildebrandt, Tom; Epstein, Elizabeth E.; Sysko, Robyn; Bux, Donald A.

2017-01-01

Background The type A/B classification model for alcohol use disorders (AUDs) has received considerable empirical support. However, few studies examine the underlying latent structure of this subtyping model, which has been challenged as a dichotomization of a single drinking severity dimension. Type B, relative to type A, alcoholics represent those with early age of onset, greater familial risk, and worse outcomes from alcohol use. Method We examined the latent structure of the type A/B model using categorical, dimensional, and factor mixture models in a mixed gender community treatment-seeking sample of adults with an AUD. Results Factor analytic models identified 2-factors (drinking severity/externalizing psychopathology and internalizing psychopathology) underlying the type A/B indicators. A factor mixture model with 2-dimensions and 3-classes emerged as the best overall fitting model. The classes reflected a type A class and two type B classes (B1 and B2) that differed on the respective level of drinking severity/externalizing pathology and internalizing pathology. Type B1 had a greater prevalence of women and more internalizing pathology and B2 had a greater prevalence of men and more drinking severity/externalizing pathology. The 2-factor, 3-class model also exhibited predictive validity by explaining significant variance in 12-month drinking and drug use outcomes. Conclusions The model identified in the current study may provide a basis for examining different sources of heterogeneity in the course and outcome of AUDs. PMID:28247423

Die benutting van vraelyste met die oog op meer effektiewe ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

UPuser

effektiewe stresbeheer as een van die temas te hanteer. Op grond van die navorsing deur onder andere Lawson (1985) en Taylor (1999) sou ek graag die proses van differensiasie2 ook by genoemde lys voeg as tema vir bespreking tydens huweliksvoorbereiding. 2 Differensiasie kan beskryf word as die losmaakproses ...

Preparation and Properties of Anisotropic Nano-crystalline NdFeB Powders Made by Hydrogen Decrepitation of Die Upsetting Magnets

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yi, P P; Lee, D; Yan, A R, E-mail: ypp@nimte.ac.cn [Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201 (China)

2011-01-01

Anisotropic nanocrystalline NdFeB powders were prepared by hydrogen decrepitation (HD) of die upsetting magnets. The effects of varying temperatures of HD on the microstructure and magnetic properties of the anisotropic NdFeB particles were studied. It shows that the powders which obtained by HD process at higher temperature were larger than that at lower temperature, and the HD powders show a well anisotropy at 723 K, the remanence (B{sub r}) was more than 12.46 kG, the maximum energy product ((BH){sub max}) was 19.06 MGOe, and the coercivity (H{sub cj}) was 7.2 kOe. The microstructure of the anisotropic powders revealed that with a reasonable HD temperature, the platelet grains were not destroyed. They were nearly 150-300 nm long and 30-50 nm wide. The results indicate that HD process was an effective way to prepare the anisotropic NdFeB powders.

Wêreldmededingendheid en die tegnologie

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

C. W. I. Pistorius

1996-07-01

Full Text Available Afgesien van die interne uitdagings wat die Heropbou- en Ontwikkelingsprogram (HOP aan Suid-Afrika bied, moet die land ook tred hou met die veranderende globale omgewing, spesifiek die toenemende belangrikheid van ekonomiese sekuriteit as komponent van nasionale sekuriteit. Die konsep van mededingendheid vergestalt die doelwit wat nagestreef moet word ten einde die ontluikende globale ekonomiese stryd aan te durf. As ’n belangrike drywer van ekonomiese welvaart is tegnologie een van die belangrikste sleutels tot internasionale mededingendheid. Tegnologiese innovasie is die proses wat as hefboom hiervoor gebruik moet word. Dit is egter nodig dat tegnologie, en spesifiek die proses van tegnologiese innovasie, formeel en gestruktureerd bestuur moet word, sowel op nasionale as firmavlak. Op nasionale vlak is die voorsiene Nasionale Innovasiestelsel beslis ’n stap in die regte rigting.

Die skrifbeskouing van feministiese teoloë, in die besonder dié van Fiorenza, Brenner en Van Dijk-Hemmes – beoordeel in die lig van die gereformeerde teologie

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alta E. Swart

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Dit wil voorkom asof die feministiese Skrifbeskouing op die beginsel van selektiewe Skrifgesag berus. Dit beteken dat slegs dié dele in die Bybel wat met die feministiese ideologie ooreenstem, as gesaghebbend aanvaar word. Dit is veral die sogenaamde androsentriese taalgebruik wat dit vir aanhangers van hierdie benadering moeilik maak om die hele Skrif as gesaghebbend te erken. Hermeneuties vertoon hierdie benadering groot ooreenkomste met die Postmodernisme, waarin geen vaste reëls bestaan om die betekenis van tekste te bepaal nie. Gesien in die lig van die gereformeerde teologie, soos veranker in die Woord en belydenisskrifte, vertoon die feministiese teologie ernstige leemtes. Die bydraes (Skrifbeskouing van drie prominente feministiese teoloë – Fiorenza, Brenner en Van Dijk-Hemmes – word onder die loep geneem en teologies-krities geëvalueer ten einde hierdie leemtes uit te wys. It appears that the feminist view of Scripture is based on the principle of selective authority of the Scriptures, which means that only the parts of the Bible corresponding with the feminist ideology are accepted as authoritative. The use of androcentric language, in particular, makes it difficult for followers of feminism to accept the whole Bible as authoritative. Hermeneutically, their approach resembles Postmodernism, interpreting without any rules. Viewed from the paradigm of the reformed theology, which is anchored in Scripture and the articles of faith, feminist theology shows serious shortfalls. The contributions of three prominent feminist theologians – Fiorenza, Brenner and Van Dijk-Hemmes – are studied closely and evaluated critically in the light of the reformed theology, to underline these shortfalls.

die kasteel••de goede hoop" (1921.1923): die verhaal van in ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

3. TWEE. KOMITEE-VERGADERINGS. BESLUITE a. Doel en samestelling van die komitee. Op 12 Desember 1921 stuur die Sekretans yap Verdediging uitnodigings aan sekere amptelike instansies en ander behingstd1endes waarin hy die redes vir die wenslikheid van 'n komitee en die werksaamhede uitecnsit en die ge-.

ontwikkeling van die gemenereg in die lig van artikels 39(2)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Administrator

'n Mens kan met reg vra of die ius connubiorum van Brouwer en die Law of. Husband and Wife van ... AD 560 (Geheime Raad) 563. 5 Sien vir besonderhede Hahlo en Kahn SA Legal System and its Background 304. ..... Die Franse chemikus, Antoine Lavoisier, is in 1794 tydens die Franse revolusie tereggestel. Terwyl die ...

Die relevansie van die boek Prediker

African Journals Online (AJOL)

ook in die dogmatiek te bespeur is nie. 'n Vinnige oorsig oor die teksverwysings van. 'n paar wydgelese dogmatiekhandboeke kan dit bevestig. In Karl Barth se omvang- ryke Kirchliche Dogmatik word Prediker slegs vyf en dertig maal aangehaal en slegs sewe maal word teksgedeeltes bespreek. Emil Brunner haal Prediker ...

Die wonders in Johannes 6 verklaar aan die hand van 'n ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Maar die Evangelie van Johannes gee self 'n aanduiding van wat die intensie van die geskrif is, te wete Johannes 20: 30-31: Jesus het nog baie ander wondertekens, wat nie in hierdie boek beskrywe is nie, voor sy dissipels gedoen. Maar hierdie wonder tekens is beskrywe sodat julle kan glo dat Jesus die Christus is, die.

Structural, mechanical, and electronic properties of TaB2, TaB, IrB2, and IrB: First-principle calculations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhao Wenjie; Wang Yuanxu

2009-01-01

First-principle calculations were performed to investigate the structural, elastic, and electronic properties of TaB 2 , TaB, IrB 2 , and IrB. The calculated equilibrium structural parameters, shear modulus, and Young's modulus of TaB 2 are well consistent with the available experimental data, and TaB 2 with P6/mmm space group has stronger directional bonding between ions than WB 2 , OsB 2 , IrN 2 , and PtN 2 . For TaB 2 , the hexagonal P6/mmm structure is more stable than the orthorhombic Pmmn one, while for IrB 2 the orthorhombic Pmmn structure is the most stable one. The high shear modulus of P6/mmm phase TaB 2 is mainly due to the strong covalent π-bonding of B-hexagon in the (0001) plane. Such a B-hexagon network can strongly resist against an applied [112-bar0] (0001) shear deformation. Correlation between the hardness and the elastic constants of TaB 2 was discussed. The band structure shows that P6/mmm phase TaB 2 and Pmmn phase IrB 2 are both metallic. The calculations show that both TaB and IrB are elastically stable with the hexagonal P6 3 /mmc structure. - Elastic constant c 44 of TaB 2 is calculated to be 235 GPa. This value is exceptionally high, exceeding those of WB 2 , OsB 2 , WB 4 , OsN 2 , IrN 2 , and PtN 2 .

Die teologie in gesprek met die ekonomie

African Journals Online (AJOL)

(1723-1790) sy vertrekpunt neem, ontwikkel, as oorwinnaars uit die Franse Revolu .... Die onmiddellike sukses van Adam Smith se 'Wealth of Nations' was .... alle vorme van sosialisme niks anders as 'kommunisme' (Wassenaar 1977:12) nie.

Die DDC auf neuen Wegen - verbale Sucheinstiege für klassifikatorisch erschlossene Titel

OpenAIRE

Christiane Maibach

2014-01-01

Die Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation (DDC) ist ein mächtiges Instrument der klassifikatorischen Inhaltserschließung. Immer mehr Bibliotheken im In- und Ausland erkennen den Nutzen der international am weitesten verbreiteten Universalklassifikation. Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek (DNB) setzt die DDC seit 2006 für die inhaltliche Erschließung der Bibliografiereihen A, B und H ein. Seitdem wurden rund 800.000 Publikationen mit DDC-Notationen versehen. Der Nutzen von Klassifikationen ist unter Biblio...

Intermediate phases in the hydrogen disproportionated state of NdFeB-type powders

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yi, G.; Chapman, J. N.; Brown, D. N.; Harris, I. R.

2001-01-01

Transmission electron microscopy studies have been carried out on partially disproportionated NdFeB-type alloys. A new intermediate magnetic (NIM) phase has been identified. Moreover, the lamella structure which subsequently develops from the tetragonal NIM phase comprises a tetragonal NdFe-containing (IL) phase and α-Fe. The experimental data show strong evidence of a well-defined crystallographic relation between both the NIM and lamella phases and between the IL phase and α-Fe. These observations give insight into how crystallographic texture, and hence anisotropy, can be developed in NdFeB-type powders processed by the hydrogenation, disproportionation, desorption, and recombination route. copyright 2001 American Institute of Physics

Die Mischung macht´s: Die Verknüpfung von analogen und digitalen Welten in der Öffentlichkeitsarbeit für Bibliotheken am Beispiel der Stadtbibliothek Nürnberg

OpenAIRE

Rita Kamm-Schuberth

2016-01-01

Das Internet ist in Deutschland das Informationsmedium Nr. 1.Die klassische Werbung hat in den Bibliotheken nicht ausgedient. Print wird auch im digitalen Zeitalter seinen Platz finden, wenn gleich die digitale Kommunikation nicht mehr wegzudenken ist. Um die analogen und digitalen Kommunikationswege mit den Bibliotheksbesuchern zu vernetzen, müssen beispielsweise SEO-optimierte Websites, Landingspages und Blogs mit Veranstaltungsflyern und Plakaten verknüpft werden und aus einem Guss sein. B...

Die evaluering van 'n bestuursopleidingskursus met behulp van die posmandjie-tegniek

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

W. de Jager

1997-06-01

Full Text Available The evaluation of a management training course by using the in-basket technique. A management training course was evaluated for effectiveness by using two specially compiled in-basket exercises equivalent in complexity. Outcome evaluation was performed so as to determine whether learning transfer took place, ie., whether management skills in the application of planning, organising and control manifest in the work context afterwards. Significant differences were found between the experimental and the control group and were investigated by means of the "Univariate procedure". This management training course could effectively be measured with the behaviour assessment approach using two groups, where only the one group was exposed to a management training course to assess whether management behaviour changed as a result of learning transfer. This study utilises the in-basket technique as an instrument for training course evaluation. Opsomming Die effektiwiteit van 'n bestuursopleidingskursus is geevalueer aan die hand van gedragverandering soos gemeet deur twee posmandjies van dieselfde moeilikheidsgraad. Uitkomsevaluering is gedoen om te bepaal of leeroordrag plaasgevind het, met ander woorde/ of the nuut aangeleerde bestuursvaardighede in die toepassing van die bestuursdimensies beplanning, organisering en beheer wel na die tyd in die konteks van werkgedrag manifesteer. Beduidende verskille tussen die eksperimentele en die kontrole groep is gevind. Dit is ondersoek met behulp van enkelveranderiike-variansie-ontleding. Die bestuursopleidingskursus kon effektief vanuit die gedragbeoordelingsbcnadering gemeet word by twee groepe, waar slegs die een groep aan 'n bestuursopleidingskursus blootgestel word om te kon bepaal of bestuursgedrag verander het. Die studie benut die posmandjie-tegniek as kursusevalueringsinstmment.

B-Type Natriuretic Peptide: From Posttranslational Processing to Clinical Measurement

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Goetze, Jens P

2012-01-01

BACKGROUND:Plasma cardiac natriuretic peptides and peptide fragments from their molecular precursors are markers of heart disease. Clinical studies have defined the current diagnostic utility of these markers, whereas biochemical elucidation of peptide structure and posttranslational processing has...... revealed new plasma peptide forms of potential clinical use.CONTENT:Natriuretic propeptide structures undergo variable degrees of endo- and exoproteolytic cleavages as well as amino acid modifications, which leave the plasma phase of the peptides highly heterogeneous and dependent on cardiac......-atrial natriuretic peptide and pro-B-type natriuretic peptide are useful plasma markers in heart failure. New data have defined cardiac myocytes as competent endocrine cells in posttranslational processing and cellular secretion....

Evaluation of interlocking bond strength between structured 1.0338 steel sheets and high pressure die cast AlMg5Si2

Science.gov (United States)

Senge, S.; Brachmann, J.; Hirt, G.; Bührig-Polaczek, A.

2018-05-01

Multi-material components open up new possibilities for functional design. Such components combine beneficial physical properties of different materials in a single component as for instance chemical resistance, high strength or low density. The challenge is a reliable bond between both materials to enable a long term usage. This paper deals with a form closure connection to ensure a solid connection between steel strips and high pressure die cast aluminium. Two different sizes of channel structures with width ratios of 1.0 and 1.35 are produced on a steel sheet. An ensuing flat rolling pass is performed to create undercuts with a width of up to 50 µm, enabling an interlocking of the molten aluminium in the concluding casting process. For both rolling processes the resulting geometry is analysed depending on the thickness reduction. In a subsequent high pressure die casting process, aluminium is applied resulting in a complete form filling for the coarser structure. Comparing structures with and without undercuts, only structures suited with undercuts remain gap-free after solidification contraction. The finer structure could not be filled completely; nevertheless these structures result in shear strength of up to 45 MPa transversal to the channel-direction.

Die ontmaskering van die bose: Eksegetiese perspektiewe op ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

p1243322

2 Yarbro Collins (1983) bied tans nog die beste agtergrond vir 'n besinning oor geweld in ..... John's grammatical howlers are intentionally designed to alert listerners ..... 26 In die Nuwe Testament word Paul se snydende opmerking teenoor die Korintiërs as ..... rnt g0r`m nh8 ldfhrs`}m du sg}u fg}u + n2sh d/m sg>}} e`ql`jdh.

PROF DR FELIX V. lATEGAN: Die Boer se Roer. Die Groot ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

PROF DR FELIX V. lATEGAN: Die Boer se. Roer. Die Groot Geweerboek van Suid-. Afrika. Tafelberg. Uitgewers. Kaapstad, pp. 209, bibliografie, register. Sonder die Boer en sy roer is die geskiede:lis van ons land feitlik ondenkbc:wr en dit is clan ook vo/kome juis gesien dat die skrywer van hierdie baanbrekerswerk die ...

Sal die ‘ewolusie’ vanaf biologie na lewenswetenskappe ‘uitsterwing’ van die vakgebied voorkom?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Johanna G. Ferreira

2012-03-01

Full Text Available In hierdie artikel word die wysiging van die skoolvak van ‘biologie’ na ‘lewenswetenskappe’ bespreek, asook die gepaardgaande en verwagte implikasies van die verandering. Die vraag word gestel of die beoogde wysiging wel noemenswaardig is en of dit enigsins ‘n verskil aan die dalende belangstelling in die lewenswetenskappe op tersiêre vlak sal maak. Die wysigings in die nuwe kurrikula verhoog die relevansie van die vakinhoud vir leerders en vir die gemeenskap, maar sekere kwessies kry nie aandag nie. Voorstelle word gemaak om die kurrikulum te wysig en onderrigmetodes aan te pas om die nodige vaardighede by leerders te vestig.

n opinie oor die behaviouristiese siening versus die fenomenologie ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

verband die eksperimente van Pavlov, Thorndike,. Skinner, Tolmann en Hull.) Fenomenologie. Die fenomenologie is 'n essensie-openbarende denkrigting. Dit impliseer'n denkende soektog na dit wat 'n besondere verskynsel of werklikheid maak juis dit wat dit is en nie iets anders nie. In die fenomenologiese antropologie ...

Die dialogiese prinsipe

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J. J. de Klerk

1981-08-01

Full Text Available Met die dialogiese prinsipe word daardie beginsel bedoel, waarin die tweerigtingverkeer of kommunikasie onder, of met, of deur die mense op 'n heel besondere gesprekmatige wyse gere�l word. Tot die wese van die dialogiese prinsipe behoort "als Grundvoraussetzung das Ernstnehmen des Gesprachspartners und das darin enthaltene zuhoren-konnen. Dialog ist also etwas anderes als Disput oder Diskussion. Er setzt gegenseitiges Vertrauen und Hochachtung voraus."

Quaternary chalcogenides of the IVa metals with layered structures: preparation and crystal structures of TlCuTIVQ3 (T=Zr, Hf; Q=S, Se) and their relation to the Re3B structure type

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Klepp, K.O.; Gurtner, D.

1996-01-01

The new compounds TlCuT IV Q 3 (T = Zr, Hf; Q = S, Se) were prepared by reacting intimate mixtures of Tl 2 S or TlSe with stoichiometric amounts of the corresponding Group IV metal, Cu and the corresponding chalcogen at 870 . The four compounds are isostructural and crystallize in Cmcm, Z = 4 with a 3.726(4) A, b = 13.987(9) A, c = 9.783(4) A for TlCuZrS 3 ; a = 3.847(1) A, b 14.381(6) A, c = 10.150(1) A for TlCuZrSe 3 ; a = 3.694(1) A, b = 14.030(3) A, c = 9.750(3) A for TlCuHfS 3 ; and a = 3.831(1) A, b = 14.409(9) A, c = 10.124(2) A for TlCuHfSe 3 . Their crystal structures were determined from single crystal diffractometer data (Mo Kα radiation, ambient temperature) and refined to conventional R values of 0.016, 0.040, 0.019 and 0.031 respectively. An outstanding feature of their crystal structures is the formation of infinite anionic layers, 2 ∞ -[CuT IV Q 3 ] - parallel to (010), which are separated by Tl + cations. These layers are built up by edge sharing TQ 6 octahedra and distorted CuQ 4 tetrahedra. Average T-Q distances are anti d(Zr-S) = 2.586(1) A, anti d(Zr-Se) = 2.707(1) A, anti d(Hf-S) = 2.569(2) A and anti d(Hf-Se) = 2.694(1) A. Cu-chalcogen distances are anti d(Cu-S) = 2.318(2) A and anti d(Cu-Se) = 2.432(3) A respectively. The thallium ions are in bicapped trigonal prismatic chalcogen coordinations. The atomic arrangement corresponds to that of KCuZrS 3 ; based on the thallium-chalcogen partial structure it can be regarded as a filled variant of an anti-Re 3 B structure type. (orig.)

Die Krakauer Kirche von Karmeliten und Karmelitaninnen

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Józef Szymon Wronski

2004-12-01

Full Text Available 1. Die Klosterkirche der unbeschuhten Karmelitinnen Zum Heiligen Josef. Ein glücklicher Auftakt und somit die charakteristische Einführung in das 20. Jh. für den Kirchenbau von Krakau war die Errichtung der Karmeliterinnen St. Josephs-Kirche an der Lobzowska-Straße 40, in der die Architekten (Tadeusz Stryjeński (1849-1943 - Projektant der Kirche und Franciszek Mączyński (1874-1947 - Ausführer des Bauprojektes mit eigenen Verbesserungen die historisch- eklektizistischen Formen d.h. die mittelalterlichen Formen vor allem des sog. Übergangsstils vereinfachten. Die Kirche, die in den Jahren 1903-1905 errichtet wurde, steht inmitten vom Baukomplex des Klosters, dessen Grundriss das Quadrat ist49. Der Kirchenbau ist ein dem Gesamtbau des Klosters eingefügter Längsraum. Hinter dem Chor liegt das Oratorium des Konvents. Das Material Backstein (mit Verwendung von Stein erinnert an die Baukunst eines der besten Architekten jener Zeit, nämlich Teodor Talowskis (1857-1910, der viele Kirchen in Südpolen, aber auch viele Bürgerhäuser nicht nur in Krakau im ausgehenden 19. Jh. baute. Die Architektur der Karmeliterinnen St. Josephs-Kirche ist immer noch im Malerischen begriffen. Aber die Vereinfachung der historischen Formen führt zu ihrer „Beruhigung” und dadurch zur Wuchtigkeit des Ausdrucks. Bemerkenswert ist die in dieser Zeit (in der Anlage noch seltene ausgewogene Proportionierung des Baukörpers. Das methodische Prinzip jener Zeit ist der Kontrast. Im Kontrast zu den gedrungenen und wuchtigen Formen des Baukörpers stehen z.B. die sich verjüngenden obeliskenförmigen und pylonenartigen Türmchen, die nicht nur die Eingangsfassade der Kirche flankieren, sondern auch an den Ecken des Querhauses der Kirche stehen. Die ingravierten weißen Steine an der Fassade in der Zahl von Zehn erinnern an das Gebot des Karmelterinnenordens: Bete täglich den Rosenkranz und sind zugleich ein Vanitativmotiv. 2. Die Klosterkirche der unbeschuhten

The risk for type B aortic dissection in Marfan syndrome.

Science.gov (United States)

den Hartog, Alexander W; Franken, Romy; Zwinderman, Aeilko H; Timmermans, Janneke; Scholte, Arthur J; van den Berg, Maarten P; de Waard, Vivian; Pals, Gerard; Mulder, Barbara J M; Groenink, Maarten

2015-01-27

Aortic dissections involving the descending aorta are a major clinical problem in patients with Marfan syndrome. The purpose of this study was to identify clinical parameters associated with type B aortic dissection and to develop a risk model to predict type B aortic dissection in patients with Marfan syndrome. Patients with the diagnosis of Marfan syndrome and magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomographic imaging of the aorta were followed for a median of 6 years for the occurrence of type B dissection or the combined end point of type B aortic dissection, distal aortic surgery, and death. A model using various clinical parameters as well as genotyping was developed to predict the risk for type B dissection in patients with Marfan syndrome. Between 1998 and 2013, 54 type B aortic dissections occurred in 600 patients with Marfan syndrome (mean age 36 ± 14 years, 52% male). Independent variables associated with type B aortic dissection were prior prophylactic aortic surgery (hazard ratio: 2.1; 95% confidence interval: 1.2 to 3.8; p = 0.010) and a proximal descending aorta diameter ≥27 mm (hazard ratio: 2.2; 95% confidence interval: 1.1 to 4.3; p = 0.020). In the risk model, the 10-year occurrence of type B aortic dissection in low-, moderate-, and high-risk patients was 6%, 19%, and 34%, respectively. Angiotensin II receptor blocker therapy was associated with fewer type B aortic dissections (hazard ratio: 0.3; 95% confidence interval: 0.1 to 0.9; p = 0.030). Patients with Marfan syndrome with prior prophylactic aortic surgery are at substantial risk for type B aortic dissection, even when the descending aorta is only slightly dilated. Angiotensin II receptor blocker therapy may be protective in the prevention of type B aortic dissections. Copyright © 2015 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Die aanspraak op Goddelike steun in 'n konfliksituasie volgens die ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

laws, and ethical or political principles. A synchronic investigation of relevant Old ... die toneel gebring met die vraag: 'aan wie se kant is God' (vgl bv The road to. Damascus 1979:6)? Volgens .... betrekking tot die Ou Testament: Hoe moet ons vasstel wie se kant God nou regtig kies, of wie veg aan die kant van God en wie ...

[Dying with cancer: Hollywood lessons].

Science.gov (United States)

Niemeyer, Fernanda; Kruse, Maria Henriqueta Luce

2013-12-01

The study attempts to understand how dying from cancer is portrayed by five movies produced in Hollywood between 1993 and 2006. Based on the cultural studies and their post-structuralism version and supported by the notions of discourse and subjectivity, as proposed by philosopher Michel Foucault, we suggest one of the possible readings of the movie picture corpus. We assess how the movie picture discourse acts as a cultural pedagogy that produces ways of seeing dying with cancer: immortalizing the healthy body image, silencing death, taking care of the dead body and, finally, accepting death. Our proposal is intended to stimulate reflections that may contribute to care and education in nursing.

Phase stability, crystal structure and magnetism in (U1-xNbx)2 Ni21B6 and (UyNb1-y)3Ni20B6

Science.gov (United States)

Provino, Alessia; Bhattacharya, Amitava; Dhar, Sudesh K.; Pani, Marcella; Gatti, Flavio; Paudyal, Durga; Manfrinetti, Pietro

Ternary phases with composition T2M21X6 and T3M20X6 (T = transition metal; M = 3 d metal; X = B, C, P) are reported to crystallize with the W2Cr21C6-type and Mg3Ni20B6-type, respectively (ternary ordered derivatives of the cubic Cr23C6-type, cF116). They attract interest due to their refractory, mechanical, and peculiar magnetic properties. Literature data on these compounds only concern apparently stoichiometric 2:21:6 and 3:20:6 phases. Often only nominal composition has been reported, with few structural refinements and no measurements of physical properties. Lack of detailed stoichiometry and crystallographic data does not allow sufficient understanding of the crystal chemistry and properties of these compounds. We studied stability, crystal structure and magnetism of (U1-xNbx)2 Ni21B6 and (UyNb1-y)3Ni20B6; stable phases are U2Ni21B6 and Nb3Ni20B6, as also confirmed by theoretical calculations. The two pristine compounds solubilize Nb and U, respectively, up to a given extent. The substitution of U by Nb leads to a structural change from the W2Cr21C6- to the Mg3Ni20B6-type. While U2Ni21B6 is a Pauli paramagnet (itinerant non-magnetic state of U-5 f electrons), in agreement with literature, magnetization data for (UyNb1-y)3 Ni20B6 show itinerant ferromagnetism with TC >300 K.

On the structure of Lattice code WIMSD-5B

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Won Young; Min, Byung Joo

2004-03-01

The WIMS-D code is a freely available thermal reactor physics lattice code used widely for thermal research and power reactor calculation. Now the code WIMS-AECL, developed on the basis of WIMS-D, has been used as one of lattice codes for the cell calculation in Canada and also, in 1998, the latest version WIMSD-5B is released for OECD/NEA Data Bank. While WIMS-KAERI was developed and has been used, originated from WIMS-D, in Korea, it was adjusted for the cell calculation of research reactor HANARO and so it has no confirmaty to CANDU reactor. Therefore, the code development applicable to cell calculation of CANDU reactor is necessary not only for technological independence and but also for the establishment of CANDU safety analysis system. A lattice code WIMSD-5B was analyzed in order to set the system of reactor physics computer codes, to be used in the assessment of void reactivity effect. In order to improve and validate WIMSD-5B code, the analysis of the structure of WIMSD-5B lattice code was made and so its structure, algorithm and the subroutines of WIMSD-5B were presented for the cluster type and the pij method modelling the CANDU-6 fuel

Ein (erneuter Versuch, modernen Ungleichheitsstrukturen auf die Spur zu kommen An(other Attempt at Getting at the Core of Modern Structures of Inequality

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Irene Dölling

2001-11-01

Full Text Available Die Verschränkung zweier Ungleichheitsstrukturen – der ‚klassischen‘ Sozialstruktur und der Struktur der Geschlechterverhältnisse – ist für die Autorin eine Ursache dafür, dass seit Einführung der Marktwirtschaft ostdeutsche Frauen massiv vom Arbeitsmarkt verdrängt werden. Aufbauend auf Grundannahmen über die Entstehung moderner Ungleichheitsstrukturen vergleicht Schäfgen die Entwicklung von Sozialstruktur und Geschlechterverhältnissen der BRD und der DDR, die sie beide als moderne Gesellschaften versteht – leider nicht gesellschafts- bzw. modernetheoretisch begründet. Dies hat Konsequenzen: Zwar bestätigt das empirische Material das Vorhandensein ‚klassischer‘ wie auch qua Geschlecht erzeugter Ungleichheiten in beiden deutschen Staaten, aber Schäfgens Vergleich liefert leider keine Differenzierung zwischen den Ausprägungen der Moderne in BRD und DDR. Um die ‚doppelte Ungleichheit‘ in die Analyse einbeziehen zu können, entwickelt Schäfgen das ‚Modell der doppelten Vertikalität‘. Im Kern dieses Modells werden die durch ‚Geschlecht‘ produzierten Ungleichheiten in deren vertikaler Dimension verortet. Fraglich ist, ob Schäfgens Modell theoretischen und methodischen Gewinn bringt: Kann die Substantialisierung von Konzepten wie ‚Klasse‘ oder ‚Geschlecht‘ wirklich der prozessualen Erzeugung und Reproduktion sozialer Ungleichheit auf die Spur kommen?Schäfgen views the interlocking of two systems of inequality-that of ‘traditional’ social inequality and that of gender inequality-as one reason why East German women have been driven out of the labour market since the introduction of a free market economy. Starting from core assumptions about the development of modern structures of inequality, Schäfgen compares the development of social structures and gender relations in the FRG and GDR. Schäfgen merely presumes the two German states to be modern states; unfortunately, she does not explain why she

Die begrafnisdíens

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Num 20: 1; Jos 24: 30; Hand 5: 5 - 11). Selfs van die ... Gebruike rondom die begrafnis het van geslag tot geslag gewissel. De Vaux ... der geskied deur die hoorders 'te onderrig, te vermaan, te vertroos en te bestraf, soos dit in elke geval ..... gehandhaaf hoef te word, veral in die lig van die feit dat die predikant die kerklike.

Die Ontstaan en Ontwikkeling van die Pan-Afrikanisme en due implikasies daarvan

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A. J.H. van der Walt

1961-03-01

Full Text Available Dit was nie voor 1880 dat tropiese Afrika, dil is die grootste gedeelte van Wes-, Oos- en Midde-Afrika, deur ontdekkingsreisigers,handelaars en sendelinge tot so ’11 mate ontsluit is, dat dit in die vaarwater van die wêreldpolitiek geraak het nie. Lank voor hierdie tyd is natuurlik steunpunte aan die Wes-, Suid- en Ooskusdeur die Portugese en later die Nederlanders en Engelse eset ter wille van óf dieslawehandel en/óf as steunpunte op dielarig handelsweg na die ryke Ooste.

Tree die-off in response to global change-type drought: Mortality insights from a decade of plant water potential measurements

Science.gov (United States)

Breshears, D.D.; Myers, O.B.; Meyer, Clifton W.; Barnes, F.J.; Zou, C.B.; Allen, Craig D.; McDowell, N.G.; Pockman, W. T.

2009-01-01

Global climate change is projected to produce warmer, longer, and more frequent droughts, referred to here as “global change-type droughts”, which have the potential to trigger widespread tree die-off. However, drought-induced tree mortality cannot be predicted with confidence, because long-term field observations of plant water stress prior to, and culminating in, mortality are rare, precluding the development and testing of mechanisms. Here, we document plant water stress in two widely distributed, co-occurring species, piñon pine (Pinus edulis) and juniper (Juniperus monosperma), over more than a decade, leading up to regional-scale die-off of piñon pine trees in response to global change-related drought. Piñon leaf water potentials remained substantially below their zero carbon assimilation point for at least 10 months prior to dying, in contrast to those of juniper, which rarely dropped below their zero-assimilation point. These data suggest that piñon mortality was driven by protracted water stress, leading to carbon starvation and associated increases in susceptibility to other disturbances (eg bark beetles), a finding that should help to improve predictions of mortality during drought.

Structure of a fibronectin type III-like module from Clostridium thermocellum

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alahuhta, Markus; Xu, Qi; Brunecky, Roman; Adney, William S.; Ding, Shi-You; Himmel, Michael E.; Lunin, Vladimir V.

2010-01-01

The 1.6 Å resolution structure of a fibronectin type III-like module from Clostridium thermocellum with two molecules in the asymmetric unit is reported. The 1.6 Å resolution structure of a fibronectin type III-like module from Clostridium thermocellum with two molecules in the asymmetric unit is reported. The crystals used for data collection belonged to space group P2 1 2 1 2 1 , with unit-cell parameters a = 35.43, b = 45.73, c = 107.72 Å, and the structure was refined to an R factor of 0.166. Structural comparisons found over 800 similar structures in the Protein Data Bank. The broad range of different proteins or protein domains with high structural similarity makes it especially demanding to classify these proteins. Previous studies of fibronectin type III-like modules have indicated that they might function as ligand-binding modules, as a compact form of peptide linkers or spacers between other domains, as cellulose-disrupting modules or as proteins that help large enzyme complexes remain soluble

Die toepassing van die K3-model op die televisieteks Colour TV

African Journals Online (AJOL)

“OIL's approach to investigating the coloured market took place in the form of ethnographic research which ... communication strategies” (Botha 2010: 14). ... Op grond van die waarnemings, onderhoude en vraelyste het OIL tot die volgende ..... hold onto your nearest and dearest because this is going to be a kwaai mix bag.

Vanaf die Fermat-punte na die De Villiers-punte van ’n driehoek

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Michael de Villiers

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Hierdie artikel beskryf die ontdekking van die sogenaamde De Villiers-punte van ’n driehoek die bewyse wat betrokke is, en trek die historiese oorsprong terug na die Fermat-punte van ’n driehoek, die swaartepunt van ’n driehoek, en ’n nuttige veralgemening van die Fermat-punte van ’n driehoek.

Die uitbeelding van die vrou in Huisgenoot (1963 en 2013: ’n Multimodale diskoersanalise

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Susann H. Marais

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Die standpunt dat die mens en die media in ’n verhouding van wedersydse beïnvloeding staan, sowel as die studie wat die kulturele konseptualisering van vroulikheid in twee Huisgenoot-uitgawes (1953 en 2003 ondersoek, geld as uitgangspunt vir dié studie. Hierdie studie het ten doel om te bepaal of daar ’n verskil is in die uitbeelding van die vrou in die Huisgenoot uitgawes van onderskeidelik 1963 en 2013. Volgens navorsing werk die visuele beeld en geskrewe teks saam om ’n boodskap oor te dra. Multimodale diskoersanalise (MDA word juis gebruik om beide visuele beeld en geskrewe teks te bestudeer. Sodoende word die metode van intersemiotiese komplementariteit binne MDA in hierdie studie gebruik. Die studie kom tot die gevolgtrekking dat die uitbeelding van die ideale vrou se verantwoordelikhede uitgebrei is, maar dat die vrou se rol tóg tot sekere ruimtes beperk word, soos die sigbaarheid van die moeder-stereotipe weerspieël.

Die Dependenzgrammatik von Tesnière uno die neue slowenische Syntax

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Breda Pogorelec

1994-12-01

Full Text Available In der Enzyklopädie der slowenischen Sprache (Toporišič 1992: 159 wird die Dependenzgrammatik unter besonderem Stichwort erklärt, in dem diese Grammatik zuerst als "eine Grammatik, die vor allem die Dependenzrelationen im Satz untersucht", definiert wird. Dann werden laut Lucien Tesnière im Satz Reza poje drei Elemente dargestellt: Reza, poje + die Verbindung dazwischen und dann werden drei Stufen des Graphs mit dem Verb als "dem Element, das die Ganzheit zusammenhält" erklärt; außerdem wird gesagt, daß die Koordination gemäß dieser Theorie durch die entsprechende Konjunktion ausgedrückt wird (aus dem graphischen Schema ist ersichtlich, daß dabei die Satzteilkoordination gemeint ist: pojeta -Tine -in -Tone. Im Kommentar wird hinzugefügt, daß auch "unsere" (= moderne slowenische Satzanalyse so aussieht, d. i. sie fängt mit dem Prädikat an, dann fragt man nach folgenden drei Hauptsatzteilen (Subjekt, Objekt, adverbiellen Prädikatbestimmungen, dann nach Attributen und deren Bestimmungen. Es wird die Methode des Unterstreichens von Satzteilen dargestellt, außerdem wird auf mehrere Arten der Dependenzgrammatik und auf verschiedene graphische Bezeichnungen der sprachlichen Erscheinungen aufgrund dieser Methode hingewiesen. -Im demselben Werk werden unter dem Stichwort translativ (Toporišič 1992: 331 zwei Bedeutungen gezeigt, von denen die erste auf einen entfernten Zusammenhang mit der Theorie von Tesnière hinweist, obwohl diese nicht erwähnt ist, lediglich bei der Definition selbst, nicht aber bei den Beispielen; translativ ist nach dieser Enzyklopädie "was aus einem Zustand in den anderen übertragen wird". Aber aus den Beispielen kann man sehen, das geht es um die Translation und nicht um Translativ als Instrument dieser Translation.

Microstructure development and texture evolution of aluminum multi-port extrusion tube during the porthole die extrusion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fan, X.H. [State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240 (China); School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240 (China); Tang, D., E-mail: tangding@sjtu.edu.cn [State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240 (China); School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240 (China); Fang, W.L.; Li, D.Y.; Peng, Y.H. [State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240 (China); School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240 (China)

2016-08-15

Aluminum multi-port extrusion tube is processed by the porthole die extrusion and the internal tube walls are welded through the solid state metallurgical bonding. In order to observe the development of grains and their orientations under severe plastic deformation and solid state welding, the extrusion butt together with the die is quenched immediately after extrusion to preserve the grain structure in the processing. The forming histories of selected material points are obtained by analyzing the optical microscopy graph. The evolution of the microstructure along the forming path is characterized by electro backscattered diffraction. It is found that geometrical dynamic recrystallization happens in the process. Grains are elongated, scattered at the transition zone and shear intensive zone, and then pinched off when they are pushed out from the die orifice. The shear-type orientations are predominant at the surface layer on the longitudinal section of the tube web and have penetrated into the intermediate layer. The rolling-type orientations are formed at the central layer. Texture gradient through the thickness of the tube web is observed. And cube orientated grains are found at the seam weld region. - Highlights: •Microstructure of extrusion butt is preserved after the micro scale porthole die extrusion. •Grain morphology history along forming path is investigated. •Texture evolutions on three material flows are present. •Texture gradient exists on the longitudinal section of the internal wall of profile. •Rolling-type and cube textures are found at the solid state welding region.

Ruimtelike beplanning: die rol van die stads - en streeksbeplanner ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Ruimtelike beplanning: die rol van die stads - en streeksbeplanner in die saw. R Erasmus. Abstract. Since 1978 regional and town planners are employed in the SADF on a permanent basis as well as in the capacity of national service men. These men are all academically qualified and as such satisfy a need that developed ...

Bevordering van transformerende leer: Die skryf van ’n reflektiewe joernaal in die Natuurwetenskappe

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Erna R. du Toit

2012-03-01

Full Text Available Die doel van die artikel is om aan te toon hoe die skryf van ’n reflektiewe joernaal in die Natuurwetenskappe die perspektiewe en denke van onderwysstudente kan transformeer en/of leer kan bevorder. Die studie maak voorspraak vir die gebruik van ’n reflektiewe joernaal as ’n instrument vir studente om betekenis te gee aan die leeromgewing vanuit verskillende perspektiewe deur te leer in praktyk. ’n Kwalitatiewe navorsingsmetode is gevolg om die inskrywings in ’n joernaal te analiseer aan die hand van bepaalde indikatore. Die bevindinge toon dat die meeste studente na die praktykervaring positief was en sommiges het tot ander perspektiewe vanweë hul ervaring gekom.

Die impak van die verbond op 'n paradigma vir pastoraat: research ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Die verbond het 'n meer omvattende impak op pastorale sorg as ander paradigmas. Genoemde stelling word in hierdie artikel beredeneer. Daar word aangetoon dat die inhoud wat aan die gelowige gekommunikeer word, asook die tegnieke wat gebruik word, deur 'n verbondmatige paradigma vir pastorale sorg be?nvloed ...

Die berekening van vloeiing in ’n roterende annulus deur die metode van kunsmatige saamdrukbaarheid

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H. Grobler

1987-03-01

Full Text Available Die vloeiing van ’n onsaamdrukbare, viskeuse vloeier word ondersoek aan die hand van die numeriese oplossing van die gediskretiseerde Navier-Stokes- en kontinuiteitsbeheervergelykings. In die besonder word vloeiing in ’n annulus bestaande uit twee koaksiale silinders wat elk ten opsigte van die ander kan roteer, en met ’n voorgeskrewe drukval oor die lengte van die silinder, beskou. Die oplossings word bereken deur die toepassing van Chorin se metode van kunsmatige saamdrukbaarheid, waarin die tydonafhanklike beheervergelykings getransformeer word na tydafhanklike hulpvergelykings deur die invoering van ’n kunsmatige toestandsvergelyking. Die oplossing van die hulpvergelykings konvergeer na ’n stasionêre oplossing, wat ooreenstem met die oplossing van die oorspronklike tydonafhanklike beheervergelykings. Die gedrag van die vloeier, wanneer ten voile ontwikkelde laminêre vloeiing bereik word, is met sukses bereken. ’n Eenvoudige model vir die bepaling van ontwikkeling van vloeiing langs die annulus vir enige gegewe invloeisnelheidsprofiel word voorgestel. Die berekende resultate stem ooreen met die resultate wat uit die fisika van die probleem verwag word.

The similarity of twin brains; Die Aehnlichkeit von Zwillingsgehirnen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mohr, A.; Knauth, M.; Stippich, C.; Sartor, K. [Abt. Neuroradiologie, Univ. Heidelberg (Germany); Weisbrod, M. [Sektion Experimentelle Psychopathologie, Psychiatrische Klinik Univ. Heidelberg (Germany)

2001-06-01

To test the assumption underlying every morphometric twin study that the brains of monozygotic twins are almost identical. Methods: High resolution MRI of the neurocranium of 26 monozygotic twin pairs were acquired and the volumes of 36 cerebral structures were measured. The same twins served as control group after rear-ranging them into non-related pairs of same sex and matching them for age, body height and body weight. Results: For most of the examined structures the correlations within the twins were significant (R = 0,97-0,59). Except for total forebrain volume the controls showed no significant similarity. Conclusions: For almost every measured cerebral structure the assumption, that significant similarities exist between healthy monozygotic twins is correct. Therefore discordant monozygotic twins represent an excellent sample when investigating cerebral correlates of neurologic and psychiatric disorders. (orig.) [German] Pruefung der Grundannahme hirnmorphologischer Zwillingsstudien, dass die Gehirne eineiiger Zwillinge signifikant aehnlich sind. Methode: Hochaufloesende MRT-Datensaetze der Gehirne von 26 gesunden eineiigen Zwillingspaaren dienten als Grundlage der volumetrischen Vermessung von insgesamt 36 zerebralen Strukturen. Als Kontrollkollektiv wurden neue, nicht verwandte, aber gleichgeschlechtliche und nach Alter, Koerpergroesse und Koerpergewicht sehr aehnliche Paare gebildet. Ergebnisse: Fuer Hemisphaerenvolumen, graue und weisse Substanz des Frontal- und Temporallappens (R = 0,97-0,59) sowie fuer zahlreiche subkortikale Strukturen (R = 0,80-0,41) zeigten sich signifikante (p < 0,05) Korrelationen zwischen den Zwillingspaaren. Ausser fuer Grosshirnvolumen fanden sich bei den Kontrollpaaren keine signifikanten Aehnlichkeiten. Schlussfolgerung: Fuer die meisten der vermessenen zerebralen Areale ist die Annahme richtig, dass die Gehirne eineliger Zwillinge deutlich aehnlicher sind als die Gehirne nicht verwandter Personen. Bei der Suche nach

’n Voorgestelde matriks vir die pastorale berading van die verwonde geloofsvervreemde

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Wentzel C. Coetzer

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Hierdie artikel fokus op die rol van pastorale berading aan die emosioneel-verwonde en geloofsvervreemde persoon deur middel van die redding in Christus. Die rol van God Drie-enig en die sentrale posisie van die Skrif word ondersoek. Verder word aspekte wat ’n Skrifgefundeerde mensbeeld onderlê, gekonstrueer. Die verband tussen emosionele trauma en geloofsvervreemding, asook die aspek van reg en geregtigheid, word hierna ondersoek. Die belangrikheid van die heil in Christus in die geestelike genesingsproses word ook bespreek. Ter afsluiting word ’n pastoraal-terapeutiese matriks voorgestel vir ingrype in die huidige lewenskrisis en die bestaande geloofsvervreemding met inagneming van die traumageskiedenis. Praktiese riglyne word verder verskaf as hulpmiddel vir begeleiding in die ondersteuningsproses. A proposed matrix regarding the pastoral counselling of the wounded faith-estranged. This article focuses on the role of the pastoral counselling of the emotionally wounded and faith-estranged person through the mediation of the salvation in Christ. The role of the Triune God and the central position of Scripture in mediating the salvation in Christ are also examined and the Scriptural view of man is constructed. The role of emotional trauma in the estrangement from God as well as the importance of justice and retribution are examined as it relates to the spiritual and emotional healing of the wounded faith-estranged. The article also discusses the prominence of the salvation in Christ in the spiritual healing process. In conclusion, a pastoral-therapeutic matrix of intervention is proposed to help in addressing the present life crisis and current faith-estrangement within the context of the trauma history, with a view to find healing from the woundedness and the faith-estrangement through salvation in Christ. Practical guidelines are offered to guide this supporting process.

Etíese perspektiewe vir die bantering van konflik in die mediese ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

mits versagtende omstandighede nie aangevoer kan word nie. Die howe oefen dan ook alleen sy regterlike funksie uit oor 'n konkrete geskil wat van daadwerklike belang vir die werklike partye is (Strauss 1982:14). Die hof laat hom lei deur die maatstaf van goeie sedes, die boni mores. Regter Mostert se verduideliking in ...

'n Verkenning van die soorte vennootskappe in die Amerikaanse reg ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

In die Amerikaanse literatuur word talle verwysings gevind na die vennootskap in mynbou ("mining partnership"), familievennootskap ("family partnership", vennootskap in vaste eiendom ("partnership in real estate") en vennootskap vir boerdery ("farming partnership"). Hierdie onderskeiding is primer gebaseer op die tipe ...

Thermal Fatigue of Die-Casting Dies: An Overview

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Abdulhadi Hassan A.

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Coupled studies by experimental and numerical simulations are necessary for an increased understanding of the material behaviour as related to the interaction between the thermal and mechanical conditions. This paper focus on the mechanisms of thermal fatigue in the failure of dies and cores used in the die casting of aluminum alloys. The thermal fatigue resistance is expressed by two crack parameters which are the average maximum crack and the average cracked area. Samples of various types of H13 steel were compared with a standard H13 steel by testing under identical thermal fatigue cycles. To determine the thermal constraint developed in the sample during the test, a finite difference technique was used to obtain the temperature distribution, based on temperature measurements at the boundaries. The resulting stresses and strains were computed, and the strain calculated at the edge or weakest point of the sample was used to correlate the number of cycles to crack initiation. As the strain at the edge increased, the number of cycles to failure decreased. The influence of various factors on thermal fatigue behavior was studied including austenitizing temperature, surface condition, stress relieving, casting, vacuum melting, and resulfurization. The thermal fatigue resistance improved as the austenitizing temperature increased from 1750 to 2050ºF.

Die Bedeutung der aktuellen Nierentumorklassifikation für Diagnostik und Therapie

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Moch H

2008-01-01

Full Text Available In den letzten Jahren erweiterte sich das Verständnis zur Histogenese von Nierentumoren durch neue molekulare Erkenntnisse erheblich. Damit wurde es möglich, eine Klassifikation der Nierentumoren auf der Basis von molekularen Veränderungen vorzunehmen. Daneben wurden neue Tumortypen identifiziert, deren Kenntnis erheblichen Einfluss auf die Auswahl der Behandlungsstrategien haben kann. Bei zystischen Nierentumoren gibt es zum Beispiel neben Tumoren mit sehr guter Prognose auch hochmaligne Tumoren. Die charakteristischen molekularen Veränderungen sind einerseits für die Klassifikation der verschiedenen Nierentumoren relevant, andererseits können sie auch innerhalb der klarzelligen Nierenzellkarzinome ein potenzielles Ansprechen auf neue Medikamente vorhersagen. Die Kenntnis der molekularen Zielstrukturen bei Nierenkarzinomen ist die Grundlage für neue Therapien, die gegen spezifische Strukturen gerichtet sind. HIF- α-responsive Gene, z. B. VEGF, PDGF, TGFα, EGFR und Ca IX spielen dabei eine zentrale Rolle beim klarzelligen Nierenkarzinom.

Die identifisering van maatstawwe vir die navorsingsprestasie van akademici

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H. A. Labuschagne

1990-06-01

Full Text Available Identification of criteria for academic research performance. At South African universities, the achievement of objectives is usually measured in terms of so-called "process criteria" (e.g. pass rates, instead of performance criteria which reflect the quality of academic personnel. Stimulated by the need to identify valid indices of research performance, as a component of academic performance, this study investigated the dimensionality of several criteria, identified from empirical and literature studies. It was found that various valid criteria could be represented by six constructs, viz.: the stature of the researcher as scientist; scientific contributions; enhancement of own profession; community development; participation in research projects; and giving advice to persons or institutions outside the university. Opsomming By Suid-Afrikaanse universiteite word doelwitbereiking gewoonlik aan die hand van sogenaamde "prosesmaat-stawwe" (bv. slaagsyfers in plaas van prestasiemaatstawwe wat die gehalte van akademiese personeel weerspieel, gemeet. Na aanleiding van 'n behoefte aan die identifisering van geldige rigtingwysers vir navorsingsprestasie as 'n komponent van akademiese prestasie, is daar ondersoek ingestel na die dimensionaliteit van verskillende maatstawwe wat vooraf deur middel van empiriese- en literatuurstudies geidentifiseer is. Daar is gevind dat verskeie geldige maatstawwe deur ses konstrukte verteenwoordig word, te wete: die statuur van die navorser as wetenskaplike, wetenskaplike bydraes, uitbouing van eie professie, gemeenskapsontwikkeling, deelname aan navorsingsprojekte en advieslewering aan persone of instellings buite die Universiteit.

Riglyne vir ‘n omvattende verrykingsprogram vir die bevordering van die geestesgesondheid

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Antoinette Gmeiner

1997-12-01

Full Text Available In Suid-Afrika, met die snelle veranderinge in die politiek, ekonomie, lewenstyl en tegnologiese vooruitgang, gepaard met die geweld tans in die land, is die lewenskwaliteit van mense so bemvloed dat produktiwiteit en gedrag benadeel is. *Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.

Die effek van intelligensie op die verhouding tussen lokus van kontrole en taakkompleksiteit

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F. G. de Kock

1995-06-01

Full Text Available The effect of intelligence on the relationship between locus of control and task complexity. The aim of the study was to establish the effects of intelligence on the relationship between locus of control and task complexity. These constructs were selected by virtue of their importance in the literature, as well as the lack of empirical research regarding the assumed relationship which exists between them. The Human Sciences Research Council's (HSRC General Scholastic Aptitude Test (ASAT was used for measuring intelligence, Duttweiler's Internal Control Index (ICI was used for determining locus of control and the Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices (APM was used as a criterion for coping with task complexity. These instruments were administered to 292 subjects to determine whether the relationship between locus of control and task complexity was effected when the effect of intelligence was controlled. The results indicated a significant relationship between locus of control and task complexity, however the relationship was no longer significant after the effect of intelligence was controlled. Opsomming Die doel van die studie was om die effek van intelligensie op die verhouding tussen lokus van kontrole en taak-kompleksiteit te ondersoek. Hierdie konstrukte is gekies na aanleiding van hulle belangrikheid in die literatuur asook die leemte in empiric se navorsing rakende die veronderstelde verband wat tussen hulle bestaan. Die Algemene Skolastiese Aanlegtoets (ASAT van die Raad vir Geesteswetenskaplike Navorsing (RGN is gebruik vir die meting van intelligensie, die Internal Control Index (ICI van Duttweiler is gebruik vir die meting van lokus van kontrole en die Advanced Progressive Matrices (APM van Raven is gebruik as maatstaf vir die bantering van taakkompleksiteit. Die genoemde meetinstrumente is op 292 proefpersone toegepas om te bepaal of die verband tussen lokus van kontrole en taakkompleksiteit geaffekteer word wanneer daar vir die effek

EMUs for the Oeresund link; Elektrische Triebzuege fuer die Oeresundverbindung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bengtsson, J.E. [Bombardier Transportation GmbH, Vaesteraas (Sweden)

2001-07-01

Danish and Swedish Railways jointly purchased new EMUs type Contessa for the Oresund Link, starting operation in summer 2000. By high acceleration the three car electric multiple units reach a top speed of 180 km/h. Several EMUs can be coupled quickly to the Flexfrontsystem technology. Further special features are equipments for two different line voltages as well as for two signalling and automatic train control systems and a low floor part. (orig.) [German] Die daenische und die schwedische Eisenbahn haben gemeinsam fuer die Oresund-Verbindung neue dreiteilige Triebzuege Contessa beschafft und im Sommer 2000 in Betrieb genommen. Die elektrischen Triebzuege erreichen mit hoher Beschleunigung 180 km/h Hoechstgeschwindigkeit und koennen dank des Flexfrontsystems schnell zu mehreren gekuppelt werden. Weitere Merkmale sind die Ausruestungen fuer zwei Fahrleitungsspannungen, zwei Signal- und Zugbeeinflussungssysteme sowie ein Niederflurbereich. (orig.)

Radiographic findings in type 3 b Gaucher disease

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hill, S.C.; Damaska, B.M.; Tsokos, M.; Kreps, C.; Brady, R.O.; Barton, N.W.

1996-01-01

The purpose of this paper is to describe the radiographic findings in type 3 b Gaucher disease, a chronic neuronopathic form of the illness with severe systemic manifestations. Between 1980 and 1985 17 consecutive patients were evaluated with radiography of the chest, long bones and spine, CT of the head and chest, abdominal sonography, and MRI of the head, abdomen and spine. Clinical manifestations were severe, and led to death from hepatic, pulmonary or cardiac failure in nine patients. Type 3 b Gaucher disease shares the same spectrum of radiographic findings observed in type 1 disease, but the systemic manifestations are more severe. Pulmonary infiltrates, thoracic lymph node enlargement, vertebral compression fractures and osteonecrosis of the long bones occur much more frequently in patients with type 3 b disease. (orig.). With 7 figs., 2 tabs

Influence of Custom Trays, Dual-Arch Passive, Flexed Trays and Viscosities of Elastomeric Impression Materials on Working Dies

Science.gov (United States)

Kohli, Shivani; Kalsi, Rupali

2016-01-01

Introduction Dual arch impression technique signifies an essential improvement in fixed prosthodontics and has numerous benefits over conventional impression techniques. The accuracy of working dies fabricated from dual arch impression technique remains in question because there is little information available in the literature. Aim This study was conducted to compare the accuracy of working dies fabricated from impressions made from two different viscosities of impression materials using metal, plastic dual arch trays and custom made acrylic trays. Materials and Methods The study samples were grouped into two groups based on the viscosity of impression material used i.e. Group I (monophase), whereas Group II consisted of Dual Mix technique using a combination of light and heavy body material. These were further divided into three subgroups A, B and C depending on the type of impression tray used (metal dual arch tray, plastic dual arch tray and custom made tray). Measurements of the master cast were made using profile projector. Descriptive statistics like mean, Standard Deviation (SD) were calculated for all the groups. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for multiple group comparisons. A p-value of 0.05 or less was considered statistically significant. Results The gypsum dies obtained with the three types of impression trays using two groups of impression materials were smaller than the master models in dimensions. Conclusion The plastic dual arch trays produced dies which were the least accurate of the three groups. There was no significant difference in the die dimensions obtained using the two viscosities of impression materials. PMID:27437342

The complex metal-rich boride Ti1+xRh2-x+yIr3-yB3 (x=0.68, y=1.06) with a new structure type containing B4 zigzag fragments: Synthesis, crystal chemistry and theoretical calculations

Science.gov (United States)

Goerens, Christian; Fokwa, Boniface P. T.

2012-08-01

Polycrystalline samples and single crystals of the new complex boride Ti1+xRh2-x+yIr3-yB3 (x=0.68; y=1.06) were synthesized by arc-melting the elements in a water-cooled copper crucible under an argon atmosphere and characterized by X-Ray diffraction as well as EDX measurements. The crystal structure was refined on the basis of single crystal data. The new phase, which represents a new structure type containing trans zigzag B4 fragments as well as isolated boron atoms crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbam (Nr. 55) with the lattice parameters a=8.620(1) Å, b=14.995(2) Å and c=3.234(1) Å. First-principles density functional theory calculations using the Vienna ab-initio simulation package (VASP) were performed on an appropriate structural model (using a supercell approach) and the experimental crystallographic data could be reproduced accurately. Based on this model, the density of states and crystal orbital Hamilton population (for bonding analysis) were calculated, using the linear muffin-tin orbital atomic sphere approximation (LMTO-ASA) method. According to these calculations, this metal-rich compound should be metallic, as expected. Furthermore, very strong boron-boron interactions are observed in the trans zigzag B4 fragment, which induce a clear differentiation of two types of metal-boron contacts with different strength. The observed three-dimensional metal-metal interaction is in good agreement with the predicted metallic behavior.

Stress distribution and pressure-bearing capacity of a high-pressure split-cylinder die with prism cavity

Science.gov (United States)

Zhao, Liang; Li, Mingzhe; Wang, Liyan; Qu, Erhu; Yi, Zhuo

2018-03-01

A novel high-pressure belt-type die with a split-type cylinder is investigated with respect to extending its lifetime and improving its pressure bearing capacity. Specifically, a tungsten carbide cylinder is split into several parts along the radial direction with a prism-type cavity. In this paper, the cylinders with different split numbers are chosen to study the stress distribution and compare them with the traditional belt-type die. The simulation results indicate that the split cylinder has much smaller stress than those in the belt-type cylinder, and the statistical analysis reveals that the split-pressure cylinder is able to bear higher pressure. Experimental tests also show that the high-pressure die with a split cylinder and prism cavity has a stronger pressure-bearing capacity than a belt-type die. The split cylinder has advantages of easy manufacturing, high pressure bearing capacity, and replaceable performance.

'n Ondersoek na die potensiaal-bepaling van werknemers in die landbousektor.

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J. C. D. Augustyn

1989-05-01

Full Text Available An investigation into determining the potential of workers in the agricultural sector. Industrial Psychological principles and concepts are not being applied extensively in the agricultural sector. Against this background an attempt was made to scientifically identify potential and predict job performance amongst farm labourers. Using the PAQ method of job analysis, critical attributes were identified and a satisfactorily valid battery of tests was developed. The results of this study underlines the importance of the identification of the potential of farm labourers as a first step in the personnel management process. It also serves as a source of information that could be used by farmers for counselling purposes. Opsomming Wat die toepassing van Bedryfsielkundige beginsels en konsepte betref bestaan daar in die landboubedryf nog groot leemtes. Teen hierdie agtergrond is 'n poging aangewend om op 'n wetenskaplike wyse die potensiaal van plaasarbeiders te bepaal. Deur middel van die WOV-metode van posontleding is kritieke attribute by workers geidentifiseer en kon 'n toetsbattery met aanvaarbare geldigheid saamgestel word. Die resultate van die studie bevestig dat die identifisering van die potensiaal van plaaswerkers 'n noodsaaklike eerste stap in die personeelbestuursproses is. Dit kan ook met groot vrug as voorligtingshulpmiddel deur boere gebruik word.

Die invloed van ‘n intensiewe opleidingsprogram op die Kardio Stres-indeks

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Tammy Claassen

2012-03-01

Full Text Available Mense ondervind baie stressors in hul alledaagse lewe, wat ‘n groot uitwerking het op daagliksefunksionering. Kardio Stres-indeks (KSI is ‘n nie-indringende mate van die stres wat die hartervaar. KSI (uitgedruk as ‘n persentasie berekeninge word gebaseer op die duur van die QRSkompleks, hart tempo, ritme en standaardafwyking van die RR-interval (RRSD spesifieke parameters.

Verskuiwing in die moraal?

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S.P. van der Walt

1974-03-01

Full Text Available Modewoorde het ons deesdae oorgenoeg in die Christelike sedeleer en hulle kan nogal verwarring stig. U moet my vergun om met u te spreek oor een so ’n modewoord nl „verskuiwing’’ in die moraal. Dis nogal ’n mooi woord, wat so dikwels gebruik word op baie terreine en tog meer wil aandui as maar net ’n veranderde sienswyse, ’n wysiging in opvattinge of nuwe riglyne wat al gangbaar geword het in die praktyk. Die begrip wil eintlik die ewolusionêre gang beklemtoon, want dit is dan eintlik net die ou norme wat effens anders bekyk word of nie meer so nou geneem of dik onderstreep word nie. Die verskuiwing beteken dan dat alles nog dieselfde bly, net die posisie of plek het verander. Verskuiwing beteken tog plekverandering of plekwisseling en dan sekerlik nie in die sin dat die plekke ver uitmekaar lê nie. Verskuiwing beteken net maar vlak langs die vorige te staan kom. As dit dan ’n beter plek is, is dit ewolusie, ontwikkeling, verbetering.

Adoptive Transfer of Dying Cells Causes Bystander-Induced Apoptosis

Science.gov (United States)

Schwulst, Steven J.; Davis, Christopher G.; Coopersmith, Craig M.; Hotchkiss, Richard S.

2009-01-01

The anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein has the remarkable ability to prevent cell death from several noxious stimuli. Intriguingly, Bcl-2 overexpression in one cell type has been reported to protect against cell death in neighboring non-Bcl-2 overexpressing cell types. The mechanism of this “trans” protection has been speculated to be secondary to the release of a cytoprotective factor by Bcl-2 overexpressing cells. We employed a series of adoptive transfer experiments in which lymphocytes that overexpress Bcl-2 were administered to either wild type mice or mice lacking mature T and B cells (Rag-1-/-) to detect the presence or absence of the putative protective factor. We were unable to demonstrate “trans” protection. However, adoptive transfer of apoptotic or necrotic cells exacerbated the degree of apoptotic death in neighboring non-Bcl-2 overexpressing cells (p≤0.05). Therefore, this data suggests that dying cells emit signals triggering cell death in neighboring non-Bcl-2 overexpressing cells, i.e. a “trans” destructive effect. PMID:17194455

Nb2OsB2, with a new twofold superstructure of the U3Si2 type: Synthesis, crystal chemistry and chemical bonding

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mbarki, Mohammed; Touzani, Rachid St.; Fokwa, Boniface P.T.

2013-01-01

The new ternary metal-rich boride, Nb 2 OsB 2 , was synthesized by arc-melting the elements in a water-cooled copper crucible under an argon atmosphere. The compound was characterized from single-crystal X-ray data and EDX measurements. It crystallizes as a new superstructure (space group P4/mnc, no. 128) of the tetragonal U 3 Si 2 -structure type with lattice parameters a=5.922(1) Å and c=6.879(2) Å. All of the B atoms are involved in B 2 dumbbells with B–B distances of 1.89(4) Å. Structure relaxation using VASP (Vienna ab intio Simulation Package) has confirmed the space group and the lattice parameters. According to electronic structure calculations (TB–LMTO–ASA), the homoatomic B–B interactions are optimized and very strong, but relatively strong heteroatomic Os–B, Nb–B and Nb–Os bonds are also found: These interactions, which together build a three-dimensional network, are mainly responsible for the structural stability of this new phase. The density of state at the Fermi level predicts metallic behavior, as expected, from this metal-rich boride. - Graphical abstract: Nb 2 OsB 2 is, to the best of our knowledge, the first fully characterized phase in the ternary Nb–Os–B system. It crystallizes (space group P4/mnc, 128) with a new twofold superstructure of the U 3 Si 2 structure type (space group P4/mbm, 127), and is therefore the first boride in this structure family crystallizing with a superstructure of the U 3 Si 2 structure type. We show that the distortions leading to this superstructure occurs mainly in the Nb-layer, which tries to accommodate the large osmium atoms. The consequence of this puckering is the building osmium dumbbells instead of chains along [001]. - Highlights: • First compound in the Nb–Os–B system. • New twofold superstructure of U 3 Si 2 structure type. • Puckering of Nb-layer responsible for superstructure occurrence. • Chemical bonding studied by density functional theory

Die bantering van daar-interferensie in die Duits van Afrikaansmoedertaliges

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Emerencia C. Steyn

2013-02-01

Full Text Available A comparison of sentence constructions in the soundtracks (simulcast of some television programmes indicates a general lack of a German equivalent for the multiple use of the A.frikaans daar. This naturally results in interference in the usage of German by A.frikaans speaking students, as they are inclined to construct their German sentences in accordance with the A.frikaans equivalents. This problem is mainly illustrated in either the erroneous use of a da or an inappropriate es gibt. Various exercises are submitted, aimed at obviating such errors of interference which are mainly noticeable in the spoken ·language. Soos blyk uit 'n vergelyking van segslryses in die parallelle klankbane van enkele televisieprogramme, het die veelvuldige gebruik van die Afrikaanse woord daar gewoonlik geen ekwivalensie in Duits nie. Dit lei maklik tot interferensie in die Duits van Afrikaansmoedertalige studente, omdat hulle daartoe neig om hul Duitse sinne soos die in A.frikaans te konstrueer. Hierdie probleem word hoofsaaklik in die foutiewe gebruik van da geopenbaar; soms egter ook in 'n misplaaste es gibt. Verskeie oefeninge word aan die hand gedoen om sulke interferensiefoute, wat vera! in m(mdelinge werk opduik, te bekamp.

Verspreiding en habitats van Bulinus tropicus, tussengasheerslak van die peervormige bot Calicophoron microbothrium, in Suid-Afrika

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K. N. de Kock

2002-09-01

Full Text Available Hierdie artikel fokus op die geografiese verspreiding en habitats van Bulinus tropicus, die slaktussengasheer van die peervormige bot, Calicophoron microbothrium. Bulinus tropicus is die varswaterslakspesie met verreweg die wydste geografiese verspreiding, soos gereflekteer deur die vindplekke van die 7 992 monsters wat tans in die databasis van die Nasionale Varswaterslakversameling (NVV van Suid-Afrika op rekord is. Die voorkoms van hierdie spesie is deur versamelaars in ’n totaal van 14 waterliggaamtipes opgeteken, maar die grootste getal monsters is in damme en spruite en in habitats waarvan die water as staande, helder en vars beskryf is, versamel. Die effekgrootte van elke veranderlike is afsonderlik bereken om die rol daarvan in die bepaling van die verspreiding van hierdie spesie vas te stel. Die data in die databasis is verder verwerk en aangepas om ’n geïntegreerde besluitnemingsboom saam te stel. Dit is ’n statistiese model waarvolgens ’n seleksie van veranderlikes gemaak kan word wat maksimaal kan diskrimineer tussen die voorkomsfrekwensie van ’n gegewe spesie en die res van die spesies in die databasis. Die sukses van B. tropicus soos gereflekteer deur sy omvangryke geografiese verspreiding, is waarskynlik toe te skryf aan die omstandigheid dat hierdie spesie grootliks r-geselekteerd is soos onteenseglik in bevolkingsdinamikastudies deur verskeie outeurs bevind is. Daarbenewens beskik die spesie oor’n besondere vermoë om opdroging van ’n habitat vir relatief lang tydperke te kan oorleef. Dit kom egter voor asof sy beperkte verdraagsaamheid ten opsigte van water met ’n relatief lae geleidingsvermoë, moontlik as ’n beperkende faktor vir sy besetting van bepaalde gebiede in Suid-Afrika mag optree. As tussengasheer vir C. microbothrium, wat paramphistomose by vee veroorsaak en soms tot groot verliese kan lei, het die wye verspreiding van B. tropicus in Suid-Afrika egter ook ekonomiese implikasies, veral vir inwoners

Ek wil hier graag van die geleentheid gebruik maak am die ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

die wildlewe am van die jagters nie eers mel- ding te maak nie en in Lucas se werk kan hulle ure van genot deurbring. Wat ons veral in Lucas se publikasie interes- seer is sy deelname aan die agste grensoor~' log (1850-1853), sy aantekeninge in verband met die slag by Berea (20 Oesember 1852) en sy indrukke van ...

Proteste in Venezuela und die Krise des Chavismus

OpenAIRE

Mijares, Víctor M.

2014-01-01

Seit Wochen demonstrieren in Venezuela Gegner der Regierung von Nicolás Maduro gegen Gewaltkriminalität, Inflation und die Einschränkung bürgerlicher Grundrechte. Die Regierung antwortet mit Repression und lässt einen führenden Oppositionspolitiker verhaften. Venezuela steht vor einem neuen Zyklus der Instabilität. Das während der Präsidentschaft von Hugo Chávez (1999-2013) etablierte sozioökonomische Modell stößt schon im ersten Amtsjahr seines Nachfolgers Nicolás Maduro an seine Grenzen: Ve...

Die radio in Afrika

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S. de Villiers

1966-03-01

Full Text Available Omvang van radio-uitsendings in en na Afrika. — Redes vir die versnelde tempo van uitbreiding. — Radio as die geskikste massa-kommunikasiemiddel vir Afrika. — Faktore wat die verspreiding bemoeilik. — Skouspelagtige toename in luistertalle.Toe Plinius, wat in die jaar 79 oorlede is, in sy „Historia Naturalis” verklaar het dat daar altyd iets nuuts uit Afrika afkomstig is, kon hy nouliks voorsien het dat die „iets" negentien eeue later in die lug sou setel wat hierdie reuse-vasteland oorspan — ’n Babelse spraakverwarring en ’n ongekende, verbete woorde-oorlog in die etergolwe, onder meer daarop bereken om die harte en hoofde van derduisendes te verower.

Halfkrone vir die Nagmaal

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Owner

die omgewing van Velddrif en Laaiplek, ook noordwaarts verby Lambertsbaai tot by. Doringbaai en Strandfontein. “Haar seeverhale is Sussie (Kotze) se belangrikste bydrae tot die Afrikaanse letterkunde”, sê Kotzé-Myburgh in die voorwoord van die versamelbundel. Die leser word herinner aan Kotze se debuutroman, ...

Die Leben Einsteins eine Reise durch die Geschichte der Physik

CERN Document Server

Fiami

2005-01-01

Jeder kennt die Namen Einstein, Newton oder Galilei. aber was weiss man über sie? Hier ein Porträt Einsteins anhand von sechs Meilensteinen aus der Geschichte der Physik. Einstein tritt auf als Protagonist in verschiedenen Epochen und bei verschiedenen Entdeckungen, die die Welt verändert haben.

Die Ukraine-Krise und kritische Fragen an die EU-Erweiterungspolitik

OpenAIRE

Lippert, Barbara

2014-01-01

Die Ukraine-Krise konfrontiert die EU mit kritischen Fragen zu ihrer Erweiterungs-politik. Muss sie nach der Osterweiterung 2004/07 und dem gerade erst begonnenen Einzug der Westbalkan-Staaten nun mit Osteuropa für die übernächste Erweiterungs-runde rechnen? Sollte sie sich gar alsbald politisch verpflichten, interessierte und beitrittsfähige osteuropäische Länder eines Tages aufzunehmen? Wie jetzt auch viel-fach von EU-Akteuren geäußert, wäre dies voreilig: Denn in der konfliktgeladenen und ...

Influence of polyurethane resin dies on the fit and adaptation of full veneer crowns.

Science.gov (United States)

Lillywhite, Graeme R R; Vohra, Fahim

2015-01-01

Polyurethane resin is a possible alternative to type IV dental stone for fabrication of indirect restorations however its dimensional accuracy is questionable. The aim was to investigate the dimensional accuracy of silica filled polyurethane resin die material by evaluating the marginal fit and adaptation of indirect gold castings. Experimental, in vitro study. Totally 40 copper plated replicas of a nickel chrome master die analogous to a veneer gold crown preparation were made and impressions recorded using polyvinylsiloxane material. Twenty impressions were poured in type IV dental stone (control group (Vel-mix, Kerr, UK) and the remaining (n = 20) in silica filled polyurethane die material (test group) (Alpha Die MF, CA, USA). Gold castings were fabricated for each die using standardized techniques. The castings were seated on their respective copper plated dies, embedded in resin and sectioned. The specimens were analyzed by measuring marginal opening and the area beneath the casting at a ×63 magnification and using image analysis software. Data were analyzed using a Student's t-test. No significant difference was observed between the experimental groups (P > 0.05). The mean marginal opening for type IV, dental stone and polyurethane resin, was 57 ± 22.6 μm and 63.47 ± 27.1 μm, respectively. Stone displayed a smaller area beneath the casting (31581 ± 16297 μm 2 ) as compared to polyurethane resin (35003 ± 23039 μm 2 ). The fit and adaptation of indirect gold castings made on polyurethane and type IV dental stone dies were comparable.

Die waarde van voorafopleiding deur die ouer vir pedo-oudiometrie by drie- en vierjarige kleuters

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Merisa Lodewyckx

1981-11-01

Full Text Available Die verkryging van akkurate, betroubare inligting aangaande die gehoorvermoë van jong kinders is van besondere belang vir die oudioloog, maar word dikwels bemoeilik aangesien die kleuter nie goeie samewerking bied in die vreemde pedo-oudiometriese situasie nie. Die oplossing hiervoor is grootliks geleë in die opleiding van die kind voor formele  gehoortoetsing en meer spesifiek  opleiding tuis deur die ouer. Die doel van hierdie studie was om 'n voorbereidende program op te stel wat die ouer tuis met die kind kan uitvoer, voordat formele  toetsing plaasvind. Die waarde en effek van hierdie program in die pedo-oudiometriese situasie is geevalueer by 'n groep drie- en vierjarige kleuters. Resultate dui daarop dat laer en meer akkurate drempels, 'n korter toetstydperk, verminderde angs en beter samewerking verkry is by die kleuters wat vooraf  opleiding ontvang het. Die opleidingsprogram kan dus in die kliniese praktyk benut word as voorafopleiding  vir pedo-oudiometrie.

Evidence for Sequence Scrambling and Divergent H/D Exchange Reactions of Doubly-Charged Isobaric b-Type Fragment Ions

Science.gov (United States)

Zekavat, Behrooz; Miladi, Mahsan; Al-Fdeilat, Abdullah H.; Somogyi, Arpad; Solouki, Touradj

2014-02-01

To date, only a limited number of reports are available on structural variants of multiply-charged b-fragment ions. We report on observed bimodal gas-phase hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX) reaction kinetics and patterns for substance P b10 2+ that point to presence of isomeric structures. We also compare HDX reactions, post-ion mobility/collision-induced dissociation (post-IM/CID), and sustained off-resonance irradiation-collision induced dissociation (SORI-CID) of substance P b10 2+ and a cyclic peptide with an identical amino acid (AA) sequence order to substance P b10. The observed HDX patterns and reaction kinetics and SORI-CID pattern for the doubly charged head-to-tail cyclized peptide were different from either of the presumed isomers of substance P b10 2+, suggesting that b10 2+ may not exist exclusively as a head-to-tail cyclized structure. Ultra-high mass measurement accuracy was used to assign identities of the observed SORI-CID fragment ions of substance P b10 2+; over 30 % of the observed SORI-CID fragment ions from substance P b10 2+ had rearranged (scrambled) AA sequences. Moreover, post-IM/CID experiments revealed the presence of two conformer types for substance P b10 2+, whereas only one conformer type was observed for the head-to-tail cyclized peptide. We also show that AA sequence scrambling from CID of doubly-charged b-fragment ions is not unique to substance P b10 2+.

Evidence for sequence scrambling and divergent H/D exchange reactions of doubly-charged isobaric b-type fragment ions.

Science.gov (United States)

Zekavat, Behrooz; Miladi, Mahsan; Al-Fdeilat, Abdullah H; Somogyi, Arpad; Solouki, Touradj

2014-02-01

To date, only a limited number of reports are available on structural variants of multiply-charged b-fragment ions. We report on observed bimodal gas-phase hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX) reaction kinetics and patterns for substance P b10(2+) that point to presence of isomeric structures. We also compare HDX reactions, post-ion mobility/collision-induced dissociation (post-IM/CID), and sustained off-resonance irradiation-collision induced dissociation (SORI-CID) of substance P b10(2+) and a cyclic peptide with an identical amino acid (AA) sequence order to substance P b10. The observed HDX patterns and reaction kinetics and SORI-CID pattern for the doubly charged head-to-tail cyclized peptide were different from either of the presumed isomers of substance P b10(2+), suggesting that b10(2+) may not exist exclusively as a head-to-tail cyclized structure. Ultra-high mass measurement accuracy was used to assign identities of the observed SORI-CID fragment ions of substance P b10(2+); over 30% of the observed SORI-CID fragment ions from substance P b10(2+) had rearranged (scrambled) AA sequences. Moreover, post-IM/CID experiments revealed the presence of two conformer types for substance P b10(2+), whereas only one conformer type was observed for the head-to-tail cyclized peptide. We also show that AA sequence scrambling from CID of doubly-charged b-fragment ions is not unique to substance P b10(2+).

Varswateralge en die ekonomie

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W. E. Scott

1988-03-01

Full Text Available Die artikel bespreek die ekonomiese belong wat varswateralge alreeds het en hul moontlike verdere ontginning in die toekoms. Sowel gewenste as ongewenste aspekte word oorweeg en hoofsaaklik met voorbeelde uit Suid-Afrika geïllustreer. Die oormatige ontwikkeling van ongewenste alge in varswater verlaag die watergehalte dear verskeie chemiese veranderinge, wat kan wissel van smake en geure tot die produksie van verbindings wat gesondheidsgevare vir mens of dier inhou. Verwydering van ongewenste alge dra aansienlik by tot die koste van waterbehandeling. Oormatige alggroei belemmer ontspanningsgebruike en kan eiendomswaardes langs rivier- en damoewers beïnvloed.

DIE GESKIEDENIS VAN AFDELING LOGISTIEK

African Journals Online (AJOL)

1 Aug 1978 ... dan ook aangebied, Agv die probleem wat ont- staan het met die gebrek aan goedgekeurde poste vir die Afdeling en as gevolg van die ver- wagte vertraging met die ondersoek van die. DOS-span, het die Afdeling Logistiek en Afde- ling Personeel oorleg gepleeg en laasgenoemde het ingestem dat die ...

Die begrafnisdíens

African Journals Online (AJOL)

(De Vaux 1961:108). Was die begrafnis 'n familie of 'n kerklike aangeleentheid? Hierdie vraag word nie in die Bybel beantwoord nie. Abraham het sy vrou begrawe (Gen 23: 19-. 20). Isak en Ismael ..... ver gekom om die begrafnis 'n kerklike aangeleentheid te maak nie. Hierdie stap .... trou aan die sorg van God. * Die kerk ...

Botulinum toxin type A versus botulinum toxin type B for cervical dystonia.

Science.gov (United States)

Duarte, Gonçalo S; Castelão, Mafalda; Rodrigues, Filipe B; Marques, Raquel E; Ferreira, Joaquim; Sampaio, Cristina; Moore, Austen P; Costa, João

2016-10-26

This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2003. Cervical dystonia is the most common form of focal dystonia and is a disabling disorder characterised by painful involuntary head posturing. There are two available formulations of botulinum toxin, with botulinum toxin type A (BtA) usually considered the first line therapy for this condition. Botulinum toxin type B (BtB) is an alternative option, with no compelling theoretical reason why it might not be as- or even more effective - than BtA. To compare the efficacy, safety and tolerability of botulinum toxin type A (BtA) versus botulinum toxin type B (BtB) in people with cervical dystonia. To identify studies for this review we searched the Cochrane Movement Disorders Group Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, reference lists of articles and conference proceedings. All elements of the search, with no language restrictions, were last run in October 2016. Double-blind, parallel, randomised, placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) comparing BtA versus BtB in adults with cervical dystonia. Two independent authors assessed records, selected included studies, extracted data using a paper pro forma, and evaluated the risk of bias. We resolved disagreements by consensus or by consulting a third author. We performed meta-analyses using the random-effects model, for the comparison BtA versus BtB to estimate pooled effects and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). No prespecified subgroup analyses were carried out. The primary efficacy outcome was improvement on any validated symptomatic rating scale, and the primary safety outcome was the proportion of participants with adverse events. We included three RCTs, all new to this update, of very low to low methodological quality, with a total of 270 participants.Two studies exclusively enrolled participants with a known positive response to BtA treatment. This raises concerns of population enrichment

het om die Woord van God aan die gemeente te bedien. A. D. P ont ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Test

Sizoo vertel met die vlotheid van die ervare skrywer en die ver antwoordelikheid van die wetenskaplike ... Maar in stiptelike trou aan die feitelikheid, verlaat die skrywer hom uitsluitlik op die outentieke bronne om ... de leser; in sy rykdom van gegewens en wetenskaplike betroubaarheid kan dit met vrug gelees word deur die ...

Structure and properties of alloys of A15 type compounds with carbon

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Savitskij, E.M.; Efimov, Yu.V.; Myasnikova, E.A.

1983-01-01

Microstructure and some properties of the alloys on the base of the phases of A15 type in the V-Si-C, Nb-Si-C, Nb-Sn-C, Nb-Al-C, Nb-Ga-C, V-Ga-C ternary systems are investigated. It is established that in the niobium-rich corners of the A-B-C ternary systems the new ternary conpounds do not form, as a rule, bUt the wide ranges of threephase equilibrium A-A 3 B-C exist. New ternary phases with A15 type structure stabilized with carbon are established only in the Nb-Si-C and V-Al-C systems. Alloying with carbon results in sharp refining of structural components of stable and metastable alloys, promotes transition of the alloys into amorphous state at super fast cooling of the melts as well as increases stability of metastable state of the alloys against tempering. After super fast quenching and tempering Tsub(c) of the ternary alloys close to the A15 phases exceed Tsub(c) of equilibrium samples

A process chain for integrating piezoelectric transducers into aluminum die castings to generate smart lightweight structures

Science.gov (United States)

Stein, Stefan; Wedler, Jonathan; Rhein, Sebastian; Schmidt, Michael; Körner, Carolin; Michaelis, Alexander; Gebhardt, Sylvia

The application of piezoelectric transducers to structural body parts of machines or vehicles enables the combination of passive mechanical components with sensor and actuator functions in one single structure. According to Herold et al. [1] and Staeves [2] this approach indicates significant potential regarding smart lightweight construction. To obtain the highest yield, the piezoelectric transducers need to be integrated into the flux of forces (load path) of load bearing structures. Application in a downstream process reduces yield and process efficiency during manufacturing and operation, due to the necessity of a subsequent process step of sensor/actuator application. The die casting process offers the possibility for integration of piezoelectric transducers into metal structures. Aluminum castings are particularly favorable due to their high quality and feasibility for high unit production at low cost (Brunhuber [3], Nogowizin [4]). Such molded aluminum parts with integrated piezoelectric transducers enable functions like active vibration damping, structural health monitoring or energy harvesting resulting in significant possibilities of weight reduction, which is an increasingly important driving force of automotive and aerospace industry (Klein [5], Siebenpfeiffer [6]) due to increasingly stringent environmental protection laws. In the scope of those developments, this paper focuses on the entire process chain enabling the generation of lightweight metal structures with sensor and actuator function, starting from the manufacturing of piezoelectric modules over electrical and mechanical bonding to the integration of such modules into aluminum (Al) matrices by die casting. To achieve this challenging goal, piezoceramic sensors/actuator modules, so-called LTCC/PZT modules (LPM) were developed, since ceramic based piezoelectric modules are more likely to withstand the thermal stress of about 700 °C introduced by the casting process (Flössel et al., [7]). The

Professionalisme met verwysing na die posisie van bedryfsielkunde en die bedryfsielkundige in Suid-Afrika

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A. van der Merwe

1981-11-01

Bedryfsielkunde, as relatief jong maar snelgroeiende wetenskap, word aan die hand van ses kriteria vir 'n professie evalueer. Resultate in hierdie verband dui in die algemeen daarop dat die vakgebied alreeds vir 'n aantal jare in 'n oorgangsfase tot ‘n volwaardige professie is en dat daar in hierdie proses reeds ver op die professionele kontinuum gevorder is. Verdere onder-soeke ten opsigte van professionele opleiding, die statutêre organisering van Bedryfsielkunde asook 'n professionele kode en vereniging vir die Bedryfsielkunde word bepleit ten einde die professionele posisie van die vakgebied volledig te konsolideer.

Synthesis and crystal structure of terbium(III) meta-oxoborate Tb(BO{sub 2}){sub 3} ({identical_to} TbB{sub 3}O{sub 6}); Synthese und Kristallstruktur von Terbium(III)-meta-Oxoborat Tb(BO{sub 2}){sub 3} ({identical_to} TbB{sub 3}O{sub 6})

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nikelski, Tanja; Schleid, Thomas [Institut fuer Anorganische Chemie der Universitaet Stuttgart (Germany)

2003-06-01

The terbium meta-oxoborate Tb(BO{sub 2}){sub 3} ({identical_to} TbB{sub 3}O{sub 6}) is obtained as single crystals by the reaction of terbium, Tb{sub 4}O{sub 7} and TbCl{sub 3} with an excess of B{sub 2}O{sub 3} in gastight sealed platinum ampoules at 950 C after three weeks. The compound appears to be air- and water-resistant and crystallizes as long, thin, colourless needles which tend to growth-twinning due to their marked fibrous habit. The crystal structure of Tb(BO{sub 2}){sub 3} (orthorhombic, Pnma; a = 1598.97(9), b = 741.39(4), c = 1229.58(7) pm; Z = 16) contains strongly corrugated oxoborate layers {sub {infinity}}{sup 2}{l_brace}(BO{sub 2}){sup -}{r_brace} built of vertex-linked [BO{sub 4}]{sup 5-} tetrahedra (d(B-O) = 143 - 154 pm, and angsph;(O-B-O) = 102-115 ) which spread out parallel (100). The four crystallographically different Tb{sup 3+} cations all exhibit coordination numbers of eight towards the oxygen atoms (d(Tb-O) = 228-287 pm). The corresponding metal cation polyhedra [TbO{sub 8}]{sup 13+} too convene to layers (composition: {sub {infinity}}{sup 2}{l_brace}(Tb{sub 2}O{sub 11}){sup 16-}{r_brace}) which are likewise oriented parallel to the (100) plane. (Abstract Copyright [2003], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.) [German] Das Terbium-meta-Oxoborat Tb(BO{sub 2}){sub 3} ({identical_to} TbB{sub 3}O{sub 6}) entsteht einkristallin bei der Reaktion von Terbium, Tb{sub 4}O{sub 7} und TbCl{sub 3} mit einem Ueberschuss von B{sub 2}O{sub 3} in gasdicht verschlossenen Platinampullen nach drei Wochen bei 950 C. Die Verbindung ist luft- und wasserstabil und faellt in langen, duennen, farblosen Nadeln an, die aufgrund ihres ausgepraegt faserigen Habitus zur Wachstumsverzwillingung neigen. Die Kristallstruktur von Tb(BO{sub 2}){sub 3} (orthorhombisch, Pnma; a = 1598, 97(9), b = 741, 39(4), c = 1229, 58(7) pm; Z = 16) enthaelt parallel (100) verlaufende, stark gewellte Oxoborat-Schichten {sub {infinity}}{sup 2}{l_brace}(BO{sub 2}){sup -}{r_brace} aus

Die design and process optimization of die cast V6 engine blocks

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Henry Hu

2005-02-01

Full Text Available The use of aluminum, particularly for engine blocks, has grown considerably in the past ten years, and continues to rise in the automotive industry. In order to enhance the quality and engineering functionality of die cast engine blocks, die design and processes have to be optimized. In this study, a computer simulation software, MAGMAsoft, as an advanced tool for optimizing die design and casting process, was emplooyed to virtually visualize cavity filling and patterns of a V6 engine block. The original die design and process was simulated first to establish a baseline. A reality check was used to verify the predicted results. Then, the die modification with a different unner system was made by using a CAD software, Unigraphics (UG. The simulation on combinations of the modified die design and revised process was performed to examine the effect of die modification and process change on flow filling of V6 engine blocks. The simulated prediction indicateds that the enhancement of cavity filling due to the die and process modification minimizeds the occurrence of defects during casting, and consequently improves the quality of blocks. The results of mechanical testing show a significant increase in fatigue strengths, and a moderately improvement on tensile properties for the blocks die cast with the new die design and prpocess in comparison with those produced by the original ones.

die ontstaan van vrouelugverenigings in suid-afrika voor die tweede

African Journals Online (AJOL)

aangestel. Ander eenhede het later gevolg. Drle van die Vrouehulplugmag se lelersflgure staan voor die VHLM se kleure wat gewy Is In Durban op 18 Mei 1940. Die vroue Is vlnr mal (meil E. Percival-Hart, It-kol (mev) D. Dunning en mal (mel) M. Egerton-Bird. 24. Scientia Militaria, South African Journal of Military Studies, ...

Die Pluralbildung im Deutschen - ein Versuch im Rahmen der Optimalitätstheorie

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Wegener, Heide

1999-01-01

Full Text Available Die Pluralbildung im Deutschen ist nicht chaotisch, aber komplex. Unabhängig davon, ob man für die Pluralbildung Regeln, Schemata oder die Wortstruktur als Erklärungsmodell benutzt, bleibt die Tatsache einer beachtlichen Zahl miteinander konkurrierender Formen zu erklären. Dies gilt schon deshalb, weil die Variation unter den Pluralformen wohl mit dazu beiträgt, dass trotz der Arbeiten von Mugdan 1977 und Köpcke 1987, 1993, der klaren Darstellung des Pluralsystems in vielen Grammatiken, z.B. Eisenberg 1986, 1989, 1998 noch immer bisweilen die Meinung besteht, die Pluralbildung im Deutschen sei arbiträr.Es soll gezeigt werden, dass das Pluralsystem des Deutschen nach Beschränkungen aufgebaut ist, die morphologischer und silbenphonologischer Natur sind und sich im Rahmen der Optimalitätstheorie (OT beschreiben lassen. Die OT nimmt an, dass Wortformen universalen Beschränkungen (Constraints unterliegen, und dass diese prinzipiell verletzbar sind. Ich werde zunächst die für die Pluralbildung relevanten Beschränkungen definieren, dann an heimischen Pluralformen und -varianten ihr Zusammenwirken zeigen und schließlich den Assimilationsprozess von Fremdwörtern mit Hilfe dieser Beschränkungen und der Beschränkungshierarchien zu erklären versuchen. Daran werden schließlich Überlegungen zu Verarbeitung und Lernbarkeit der Pluralformen geknüpft.

’n Oorsig van die bepaling van die vroeë bakterisidiese aktiwiteit van verskeie antituberkulosemiddels

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P. R. Donald

2003-06-01

Full Text Available Die vroeë bakterisidiese aktiwiteit (VBA van ’n antituberkulosemiddel is die daaglikse afname van M tuberculosis in log10 kolonievormende eenhede per ml sputum, tydens die eerste twee dae van behandeling met die middel. Dit weerspieël die vermoë van ’n middel om aktief metaboliserende organismes in tuberkulose-longholtes te dood. Dit is ’n relatief goedkoop metode om in ’n klein groep pasiënte die antituberkulose-aktiwiteit van ’n middel, binne maande, in vivo te evalueer. Hierdie artikel som ons ondervinding op tydens sewe gepubliseerde VBA-studies, en die bronne van variasie in die prosedure word identifiseer. Die pasiënte in hierdie studies was gemiddeld 33 jaar oud, met ’n gemiddelde gewig van 50 kg en 55% het ekstensiewe of massiewe longaantasting gehad. Die hoogste VBA-waardes (0,50-0,66 is gevind in pasiënte wat isoniasied ontvang het, en die laagste waardes (0,05 en 0,09 respektiewelik was gevind in pasiënte wat die aminoglikosiede amikasien en paromomisien, albei in doserings van 15 mg/kg liggaamsgewig, ontvang het. Die algehele variasie in die VBA van 248 pasiënte was 0,0312, en die variasie toegeskryf aan die proses van sputumproduksie en -versameling was 0,0223. Dit blyk dat die verskillende aspekte van sputumproduksie en -versameling, betrokke by die lewering van ’n verteenwoordigende sputummonster, ’n groter bydrae maak tot variasie tydens die prosedure as die laboratoriumaspekte van die tegniek. Die keuring van pasiënte vir insluiting in VBA-studies, en hulle vermoë om saam te werk om ’n verteenwoordigende sputummonster te produseer, is van deurslaggewende belang in die suksesvolle voltooiing van VBA-studies.

Kristallstruktur der Methylornithin-Synthase (PylB): Einblicke in die Biosynthese von Pyrrolysin

KAUST Repository

Quitterer, Felix

2011-11-16

Made by the barrel load: The biosynthetic pathway of the recently discovered 22nd amino acid, pyrrolysine, starts with an isomerization of lysine to methylornithine, catalyzed by PylB. The X-ray crystal structure of PylB is determined (see picture) and shows it has a TIM barrel fold. The sealed central cavity contains a [4Fe-4S] cluster, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), and methylornithine, whose 2R,3R configuration could be confirmed. The data suggest a fragmentation–recombination mechanism via a glycyl radical intermediate.

Einstein se relatiwiteitsteorie: Op die kruispunt van aprioriese elemente en empiriese ervaring

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Danie F.M. Strauss

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Waardering vir die status van natuurwetenskaplike kennis volg ’n merkwaardige wentelgang deur die geskiedenis van die filosofie en die verskillende vakwetenskappe. Te midde van ekstreme uiterstes moes die benadering van Einstein ’n rigting vind wat beide ’n eensydige apriorisme en ’n oordrewe positivisme afwys. Die historiese agtergrond van die aprioriteitsprobleem – dit wat ons ervaring voorafgaan – is vlugtig nagespeur tot by die Griekse wortels daarvan. Omdat Einstein ruimte gelaat het vir skeppende denke, het dit hom weliswaar in staat gestel om van die universaliteit van sleutelaspekte van die natuur gebruik te maak, in die besonder gefokus op die uniekheid en die samehang van die kinematiese en fisiese aspekte van die werklikheid. Enersyds het die onderskeid tussen hierdie twee aspekte ’n vertrekpunt verskaf om kritiek te lewer op die meganistiese inslag van die klassieke fisika (toegespits om die onderskeid te tref tussen omkeerbaarheid en onomkeerbaarheid, en andersyds het die ontiese universaliteit van hierdie aspekte hom gehelp om hierdie onties aprioriese gegewens tot hul reg te laat kom, ook ten opsigte van die eise wat die ervaring stel (die relatiewe reg van die positivistiese klem op die eksperimentele toetsing van tipewette. Hieruit volg dat Einstein se siening met reg as ’n transendentaal empiriese benadering getipeer kan word. Dit belig ook die onderskeid tussen modale wette en tipewette, asook die skynbaar misterieuse toepaslikheid van die wiskunde op natuurverskynsels. Laastens word aangevoer dat die onlangse beweringe oor die snelheid van die neutrino wat vinniger as dié van lig sou wees, nié Einstein se spesiale relatiwiteitsteorie (sal weerlê nie. Einstein’s theory of relativity: At the intersection of apriori elements and empirical experience. Appreciation for the status of scientific knowledge followed a remarkably winding path throughout the history of philosophy and of the various specialised

Riglyne vir die onderwys.

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J. L. du Plooy

1960-03-01

Full Text Available In die afgelope vyftig jaar sedert die Unie tot stand gekom het, is veel op die gebied van onderwys tot stand gebring. Dit is heel natuurlik dat ’n mens sou vra: Wat van die toekoms?

Ostensiewe illustrasies as mikrostrukturele items in verklarende skoolwoordeboeke gerig op leerders in die junior sekondêre fase

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Phillip Louw

2011-10-01

School Dictionaries Targeting Learners in the Junior Secondary Phase. An explanatory school dictionary targeting learners in the junior secondary phase must, in the South African context, pursue user-oriented practices in order to add value for both mother-tongue- and non-mother-tongue-speaking learners on a communicative and a pedagogical level. One such practice would be the inclusion of ostensive illustrations as microstructural items in order to en-hance the transfer of pragmatic and semantic data. In this article, the value of ostensive illustrations and their relevance in an explanatory school dictionary targeting learners in the junior secondary phase are evaluated, after which certain reservations regarding their use are addressed. A decision on whether to include ostensive illustrations demands a further discussion of where to position these items in the microstructure, as well as a discussion of different types of illustrations that will be suitable for inclusion in the type of dictionary profiled. Thereafter a critical evaluation of the treatment of ostensive illustrations in a genuinely South African explanatory school dictionary targeting learners in the junior secondary phase is provided and suggestions made for an improved microstructural treatment that meets the demands set by the user perspective. Lastly, the issue of necessary mediostructural support for this data type in the form of precise, comprehensive cross-references will be raised. This article aims to present criteria for the successful lexicographical treatment of ostensive illustrations.

Keywords: ADJECTIVE, CAPTIONS, COMMUNICATIVE VALUE, CROSS-REFERENCES, EXAMPLE MATERIAL, EXPLANATORY SCHOOL DICTIONARY, GROUP ILLUSTRATION, JUNIOR SECONDARY EDUCATIONAL PHASE, MICROSTRUCTURAL ITEMS, NOUN, OS-TENSIVE ILLUSTRATIONS, PEDAGOGICAL VALUE, STRUCTURAL INDICATOR, VERB

Synthesis and structural characterization of amorphous alloys of the Fe-Ni-B type

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cabral P, A.; Jimenez B, J.; Garcia S, I.

2004-01-01

It was prepared the alloy FeNiB for chemical reduction, using four p H values (5, 6, 7 and 7.5). To p H=6 partially oxidized particles were obtained, between 16 and 20%. In the synthesis to other p H values, the obtained particles were highly oxidized (65-90%) according to the X-ray diffraction results, in all the preparations the particles were partially crystallized, with crystal size that varied between 4 and 10 nm. The structure of these particles can be consider that they are formed by a nucleus due to the alloy and an oxide armor recovering it. (Author)

Die huwelik in die eerste-eeuse Mediterreense wêreld (III): Jesus en ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

p1243322

30 Jan 2007 ... description of what marriage, betrothal, adultery, divorce and ..... egbreuk teen wie? Wanneer daar in ag geneem word dat 'n man in die eerste- eeuse Mediterreense wêreld nie egbreuk teenoor sy vrou kon pleeg nie (kyk ... volg egbreuk teen die vrou in die huwelik beteken – al het die vrou owerspel.

Die Energiesicherheit Europas in Bezug auf Erdgas und die Auswirkungen einer Kartellbildung im Gassektor

OpenAIRE

Krämer, Luis-Martín

2011-01-01

Die Dissertation untersucht die aktuelle Sicherheit der europaeischen Erdgasversorgung. Sie beruecksichtigt zudem die moeglichen Auswirkungen einer Kartellbildung auf die europaeische Gasversorgungssicherheit. Die Arbeit besteht aus einer detaillierten empirischen Studie und darauf aufbauender Szenarioanalyse. Hierzu wird auf den Interdependenzansatz von Robert O. Keohane und Joseph Nye zurueckgegriffen. Zur Darstellung des komplexen Themenbereichs wird auf die Darstellungspraxis der Dichten ...

Der Einfluss von personeller Einkommensverteilung auf die „Great Depression“ und die „Great Recession“

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Stefan Trappl

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Der Einfluss gestiegener Einkommensungleichheit auf die „Great Depression“ und die „Great Recession“ wurde mehrfach postuliert (Galbraith 1954/2009; Eccles 1951; Rajan 2010; Stiglitz 2012; Piketty 2014. Konkrete empirische Arbeiten zum Zusammenhang zwischen Einkommensverteilung und dem Entstehen von Wirtschaftskrisen gibt es aber bislang wenige. Kumhof/Ranciere (2010 überprüften die von Rajan (2010 aufgestellte Hypothese, die einen entsprechenden Zusammenhang postuliert, mittels Modellrechnung. Bordo/Meissner (2012 und darauf aufbauend Gu/Huang (2014 verwendeten unterschiedliche Regressionsmodelle in Bezug auf einen entsprechenden Zusammenhang, ohne jedoch eindeutige Ergebnisse zu liefern. Die vorliegende Arbeit schließt an diese Arbeiten an, beschränkt die Untersuchung allerdings auf Staaten, für die Daten für die letzten hundert Jahre verfügbar sind, und untersucht zudem explizit die Zeiträume um die beiden größten Krisen der letzten hundert Jahre, die „Great Depression“ und die „Great Recession“. Die Auswertungen zeigen, dass die personelle Einkommensverteilung ein guter Prädiktor für die Kriseneintrittswahrscheinlichkeit ist.

Eksistensialisme in die Franse letterkunde

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A. A. Teurlinckx

1966-03-01

Full Text Available Nooit sou die Franse jeug — en die van Europa en verder — in dié mate deur die eksistensialisme be'invloed gewees het nie, indien hierdie filosofie in wysgerige traktate sou begrawe gelê het. Die eksistensialiste het die koning van die filosofiese verhaal, Voltaire, met sukses op sy Candide- en Zadig-pad gevolg en hulle teorieë in letterkundige werke, ver- hale, romans en ook toneelstukke kwytgeraak, wat baie gelees is en waaruit ook ander literatore kragte en inspirasie geput het. Omrede daarvan is daar inderdaad baie eksistensialisme in die Franse letterkunde, maar ’n eintlike eksistensialistiese letterkunde was daar nie, en ’n Eksistensialistiese Letterkun­ dige skool het nooit bestaan nie. Ook sit hierdie eksistensialiste nie langs dieselfde vuur nie. Die Christelike eksistensialis Gabriel Marcel het op 21 April van hierdie jaar uitgevaar teen die „Sartriane” na aanleiding van die opvoering van Les Paravents, Die W indskerms van Jean Genêt in ’n Paryse staatsondersteunde teater. „Mens mag seker wees”, skryf Marcel in Les Nouvelles Littéraires, „dat die hele sartriaanse parogie sal skreeu: groot meesterwerk”. Voortgaande op sy distansiëring kan die literêre eksistensialiste in drie groepe ingedeel word: 1. Die Sartriane; 2. Die Christelike Eksistensialiste; 3. Die Onafhanklikes.

Histones from Dying Renal Cells Aggravate Kidney Injury via TLR2 and TLR4

Science.gov (United States)

Allam, Ramanjaneyulu; Scherbaum, Christina Rebecca; Darisipudi, Murthy Narayana; Mulay, Shrikant R.; Hägele, Holger; Lichtnekert, Julia; Hagemann, Jan Henrik; Rupanagudi, Khader Valli; Ryu, Mi; Schwarzenberger, Claudia; Hohenstein, Bernd; Hugo, Christian; Uhl, Bernd; Reichel, Christoph A.; Krombach, Fritz; Monestier, Marc; Liapis, Helen; Moreth, Kristin; Schaefer, Liliana

2012-01-01

In AKI, dying renal cells release intracellular molecules that stimulate immune cells to secrete proinflammatory cytokines, which trigger leukocyte recruitment and renal inflammation. Whether the release of histones, specifically, from dying cells contributes to the inflammation of AKI is unknown. In this study, we found that dying tubular epithelial cells released histones into the extracellular space, which directly interacted with Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 (TLR2) and TLR4 to induce MyD88, NF-κB, and mitogen activated protein kinase signaling. Extracellular histones also had directly toxic effects on renal endothelial cells and tubular epithelial cells in vitro. In addition, direct injection of histones into the renal arteries of mice demonstrated that histones induce leukocyte recruitment, microvascular vascular leakage, renal inflammation, and structural features of AKI in a TLR2/TLR4-dependent manner. Antihistone IgG, which neutralizes the immunostimulatory effects of histones, suppressed intrarenal inflammation, neutrophil infiltration, and tubular cell necrosis and improved excretory renal function. In summary, the release of histones from dying cells aggravates AKI via both its direct toxicity to renal cells and its proinflammatory effects. Because the induction of proinflammatory cytokines in dendritic cells requires TLR2 and TLR4, these results support the concept that renal damage triggers an innate immune response, which contributes to the pathogenesis of AKI. PMID:22677551

Die singulation method

Science.gov (United States)

Swiler, Thomas P.; Garcia, Ernest J.; Francis, Kathryn M.

2013-06-11

A method is disclosed for singulating die from a semiconductor substrate (e.g. a semiconductor-on-insulator substrate or a bulk silicon substrate) containing an oxide layer (e.g. silicon dioxide or a silicate glass) and one or more semiconductor layers (e.g. monocrystalline or polycrystalline silicon) located above the oxide layer. The method etches trenches through the substrate and through each semiconductor layer about the die being singulated, with the trenches being offset from each other around at least a part of the die so that the oxide layer between the trenches holds the substrate and die together. The trenches can be anisotropically etched using a Deep Reactive Ion Etching (DRIE) process. After the trenches are etched, the oxide layer between the trenches can be etched away with an HF etchant to singulate the die. A release fixture can be located near one side of the substrate to receive the singulated die.

Die toekoms en ons roeping

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S. du Toit

1954-03-01

Full Text Available Om te weet wat ons roeping in die toekoms sal wees, moet ons eers besef wat in ons eie tyd aan die gang is en langs watter lyne die dinge beweeg. Dit is ons plig om te let op die tekens van die tye in die lig van die profetiese Woord. En dan wil ons dadelik beklemtoon dat ons in Suid-Afrika nie in die waan moet lewe dat ons hier onbekommerd en onaangetas deur die wêreldgebeure ons roeping en bestemming kan uitwerk nie.

Die invloed van grootgroeponderrig op die selfgereguleerde leer van tersiêre wiskundeleerders

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Annalie

2013-04-01

Full Text Available elfregulering is belangrik in die ontwikkeling van lewenslange leerders, veral by voordiensonderwysers wat op hul beurt modelleerders van selfregulering in hul eie klaskamers gaan wees. Onderrig op tersiêre vlak word grootliks gekenmerk deur tradisionele onderrigmetodes vanweë die groot groepe leerders betrokke. In hierdie studie is vasgestel of ’n bepaalde grootgroeponderrigstrategie ’n invloed het op lede van groot klasgroepe se selfregulering, al dan nie. ’n Kwantitatiewe voortoets-natoets-ontwerp is gebruik waarin die studiegewoontesveld van die Studie-Oriëntasievraelys in Wiskunde aan die begin en einde van die semester ingesluit is. In ’n tweede vraelys het leerders hul belewenis van die grootgroeponderrigstrategie volgens ’n vyfpunt-Likertskaal beoordeel en ’n oopeindevraag voltooi wat ingesluit is om moontlike addisionele verklarings te bied vir die resultate wat verkry is uit die geslote vrae van die vraelys oor grootgroeponderrig. Beskrywende statistiek is gebruik om die data te interpreteer. Uit die resultate blyk dit dat daar nie ’n verbetering in leerders se selfregulering was nie. By ontleding van die oopeindevraag het dit aan die lig gekom dat verskeie aspekte van selfregulering by leerders ontbreek, soos tydsbestuur en goeie studiegewoontes, asook die bereidwilligheid om meer as net die voorgeskrewe probleme te doen.The influence of a large group teaching strategy on the self-regulated learning of tertiary mathematics learners. Self-regulation is important in developing lifelong learners, especially in the case of pre-service teachers who will soon be models of self-regulation in their own classrooms. In many instances, teaching at tertiary level is characterised by traditional teaching methods in large classes. In this study a particular large group instructional strategy was examined to determine whether it had an influence on learners’ self-regulation. A quantitative pre-test post-test design was used which

Montessori-skole: die ander kant

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Monica Viljoen

1995-03-01

Full Text Available Na aanleiding van die artikel “Die invloed van die New Age-beweging op die onderwysagenda van die toekoms” deur Lien van Niekerk en Corinne Meier van die Departement Historiese Opvoedkunde van Unisa (vgl. Koers, 59 (1 1994:69-84 wil ek graag ’n ander sy van Montessori-skole onder die aandag van Koers lesers bring.

Tegnologie en die mens

African Journals Online (AJOL)

omgewingsbesoedeling, volgend op industrialisasie en verstedeliking, gee uit- ing tot krete van wanhoop en frustrasie. Die maatskaplike ontwrigting agv outomatisasie het die begrippe van vervreemding en naam- loosheid op die voorgrond van sosiale be- wustheid geplaas. • Die Neutrale Siening. Tegnologie was nag. 34.

Theoretical analysis of the structural phase transformation from B3 to B1 in BeO under high pressure

Science.gov (United States)

Jain, Arvind; Verma, Saligram; Nagarch, R. K.; Shah, S.; Kaurav, Netram

2018-05-01

We have performed the phase transformation and elastic properties of BeO at high pressure by formulating effective interionic interaction potential. The elastic constants, including the long-range Coulomb and van der Waals (vdW) interactions and the short-range repulsive interaction of up to second-neighbor ions within the Hafemeister and Flygare approach, are derived. Assuming that both the ions are polarizable, we employed the Slater-Kirkwood variational method to estimate the vdW coefficients, a structural phase transition (Pt) from ZnS structure (B3) to NaCl structure (B1) at 108 GPa has been predicted for BeO. The estimated value of the phase transition pressure (Pt) and the magnitude of the discontinuity in volume at the transition pressure are consistent as compared to the theoretical data. The variations of elastic constants with pressure follow a systematic trend identical to that observed in others compounds of ZnS type structure family.

Structures and Corresponding Functions of Five Types of Picornaviral 2A Proteins

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Xiaoyao Yang

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Among the few non-structural proteins encoded by the picornaviral genome, the 2A protein is particularly special, irrespective of structure or function. During the evolution of the Picornaviridae family, the 2A protein has been highly non-conserved. We believe that the 2A protein in this family can be classified into at least five distinct types according to previous studies. These five types are (A chymotrypsin-like 2A, (B Parechovirus-like 2A, (C hepatitis-A-virus-like 2A, (D Aphthovirus-like 2A, and (E 2A sequence of the genus Cardiovirus. We carried out a phylogenetic analysis and found that there was almost no homology between each type. Subsequently, we aligned the sequences within each type and found that the functional motifs in each type are highly conserved. These different motifs perform different functions. Therefore, in this review, we introduce the structures and functions of these five types of 2As separately. Based on the structures and functions, we provide suggestions to combat picornaviruses. The complexity and diversity of the 2A protein has caused great difficulties in functional and antiviral research. In this review, researchers can find useful information on the 2A protein and thus conduct improved antiviral research.

Die rol van die onderwys in die handhawing en uitbouing van ons volkskultuur

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G.J. Jordaan

1970-03-01

Full Text Available Op die oog af lyk dit ’n baie maklike onderwerp, maar hoe meer 'n mens daaroor nadink hoe ingewikkelder en omvangryker word die implikasies wat verband hou. Dit is veral so omdat dit hier voor alles gaan om eerste fundamentele uitgangspunte, dit wil sê, om lewens- en wêreldbeskouing. Dit geld van albei komponente — van onderwys sowel as van kultuur.

[Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus].

Science.gov (United States)

Tavares Bello, Carlos; Capitão, Ricardo Miguel; Sequeira Duarte, João; Azinheira, Jorge; Vasconcelos, Carlos

2017-10-31

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a common disease, affecting up to 13.1% of the Portuguese population. In addition to the known micro and macrovascular complications, drug side effects constitute a major concern, leading to changes in the treatment guidelines, which favor safety over efficacy. Metformin is the first-line pharmacological treatment for most patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus; however, it has been associated with vitamin B12 deficiency in up to 30% of treated patients. The authors describe the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in a diabetic population and explore the possible underlying factors. Retrospective, observational study. Clinical and laboratory data of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients whose vitamin B12 status was evaluated in the last decade (2005 - 2016) were analyzed. Patients with known malabsorptive syndromes or having undergone bariatric surgery were excluded from the study. Statistical analysis of the data was done and the results were considered statistically significant at p values 2.2 years and 11 ± 10.4 years of type 2 diabetes mellitus duration. These patients had a high prevalence of complications: diabetic renal disease 47.7%, neuropathy 9.2%, retinopathy 14.9%, coronary artery disease 8.4%, cerebrovascular disease 10.9%, and peripheral arterial disease 5.5%. Vitamin B12 deficiency (21.4% of the population and this subgroup was older (68.4 vs 65.8 years, p = 0.006), had a longer type 2 diabetes mellitus duration (13.35 vs 10.36 years; p = 0.001), higher prevalence of retinopathy (20.9% vs 13.3%; p = 0.005) and thyroid dysfunction (34% vs 23.7%; p = 0.002). Vitamin B12 deficiency was also more frequent in patients treated with metformin (24.7% vs 15.8%; p = 0.017), antiplatelet agents (25.4% vs 16.2%, p 26.8% vs 18.2%; p = 0.001). After adjustment for possible confounders, the variables associated with B12 deficiency were: metformin, hypothyroidism, age and type 2 diabetes mellitus duration. Despite the retrospective design

Probleme in Bezug auf die slowenische lexikographische ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

user

slowenische lexikographische Terminologie in Anlehnung an die deutsche lexikographische ... through different types of word-formation processes. ...... GETS → Geodetski tezaver in slovar [Thesaurus und Wörterbuch der Geodäsie], SMeS ..... tueller Graph [konceptualni graf], artificial intelligence → künstliche Intelligenz.

DIE SUID-AFRIKAANSE JEUG IN VOORTREKKERTYDPERK

African Journals Online (AJOL)

dien. Die planke en velie moes keer dat die assegaaie die mense tref. Voor die geveg het die vrouens en groter dogters koeels gegiet. Tydens die geveg het die seuns gehelp skiet terwyl die vrouens en dogters die gewere vir die mans gelaai het. Van die dogters soos Nellie. Botha (11 jaar oud) en haar sussie Fya (15 jaar.

IRAN IN DIE INTERNASIONALE MAGSTRYD

African Journals Online (AJOL)

In die verband kan genoem word dat die Russe nog grotendeels gebruik maak van 'n metode waarvolgens water in die oliestratum gepomp word om 'n opwaartse druk van ru-olie te verseker; een nadeel hiervan is dat die water mettertyd deur die oliehoudende laag ontsnap en agv die drukverlies isvoortgesette ontginning.

Die rol van kapitaal in die ekonomiese groei en ontwikkeling van onderontwikkelde gebiede*

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F. J. du Plessis

1961-03-01

Full Text Available In die teorie oor ekonomiese groei speel kapitaal ’n besonder prominente rol. Kapitaal met die daarby behorende tegnologiese ontwikkeling, word beskou as die belangrikste enkele faktor verantwoordelik vir die bereiking en instandhouding van ’n „ten voile ontwikkelde” volkshuishouding.

Presence of Human Herpesvirus 6B in the Pancreas of Subjects With and Without Type 1 Diabetes.

Science.gov (United States)

Ericsson, Maja; Skog, Oskar

The aims of this study were to investigate the presence of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6) A and B in human pancreata and to search for signs of active infection in this organ of subjects with and without type 1 diabetes (T1D). Pancreata from brain-dead organ donors with and without T1D were examined for the presence of HHV6 genomic sequences by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), transcripts by reverse transcriptase-PCR, and protein by immunohistochemistry. Quantitative PCR of isolated pancreatic islets and exocrine cell clusters was used to determine the intrapancreatic location of HHV6 DNA. Human herpesvirus 6B genomic sequences were present in 1 of 2 donors who died of acute-onset T1D, 4 of 6 donors with long-standing T1D, and 9 of 12 nondiabetic donors. Higher copy numbers of HHV6B DNA were present in isolated islets than in exocrine tissue from the same donors. No signs of active HHV6 transcription were found. Human herpesvirus 6A was not present in any tested pancreas. The herein presented data demonstrate, for the first time, the presence of a latent HHV6B infection in the pancreas and islets of Langerhans. Whether this virus can contribute to disease in the pancreas remains to be determined.

Artikel 2 van die Nederlandse Geloofsbelydenis as geloofsvooronderstelling in die gesprek tussen wetenskap en geloof

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Jan A. Erasmus

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Artikel 2 van die Nederlandse Geloofsbelydenis bely dat God deur twee middele geken word, te wete deur middel van die skepping, onderhouding en regering van die wêreld (waaronder die wetenskap en deur die heilige en goddelike Woord (die Bybel. Hierdie belydenis is van groot belang vir die gesprek tussen Wetenskap en Teologie. In hierdie artikel word gepoog om die verskille, maar ook die ooreenkomste tussen hierdie twee middele van openbaring uit te lig, elkeen tot sy reg te laat kom, maar hulle ook in balans met mekaar te stel. Die wyse waarop te werk gegaan word, is die volgende: eers word gestel wat vooronderstellings is, asook die plek wat vooronderstellings in die beoefening van wetenskap sowel as geloof inneem. Daarna word nagevors watter perspektiewe artikel 2 van die Nederlandse Geloofsbelydenis as geloofsvooronderstelling vir die wetenskaps- en teologiebeoefening respektiewelik bied. Hieruit word ’n aantal gevolgtrekkings gemaak wat kan help om die problematiek in die wetenskap-geloofsgesprek op te los. Die kernbevinding van hierdie artikel is die volgende: Vanweë die verskil in die aard en die doel tussen Bybelfeite en wetenskaplike navorsingsresultate kan en sal klaarblyklike harmonieprobleme tussen die Skrif en die wetenskap ontstaan. Hierdie is egter slegs klaarblyklike probleme, omdat ’n verrekening van die verskil in die aard en die bedoeling van die wetenskapresultate en die Bybelfeite hierdie probleem sal oplos. Article 2 of the Belgic Confession as faith presupposition in the science-faith debate. Article 2 of the Belgic Confession confesses that God can be known by two means: firstly by studying the creation, preservation and government of the universe (i.e. science and secondly by studying the Word of God (the Bible. This confession is very important for the discussion between science and faith. In this article the similarities, but also the differences between these two means of revelation are researched. The aim is to

Development of sampling techniques for ITER Type B radwaste

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hong, Kwon Pyo; Kim, Sung Geun; Jung, Sang Hee; Oh, Wan Ho; Park, Myung Chul; Kim, Hee Moon; Ahn, Sang Bok

2016-01-01

There are several difficulties and limitation in sampling activities. As the Type B radwaste components are mostly metallic(mostly stainless steel) and bulk(∼ 1 m in size and ∼ 100 mm in thickness), it is difficult in taking samples from the surface of Type B radwaste by remote operation. But also, sampling should be performed without use of any liquid coolant to avoid the spread of contamination. And all sampling procedures are carried in the hot cell red zone with remote operation. Three kinds of sampling techniques are being developed. They are core sampling, chip sampling, and wedge sampling, which are the candidates of sampling techniques to be applied to ITER hot cell. Object materials for sampling are stainless steel or Cu alloy block in order to simulate ITER Type B radwaste. The best sampling technique for ITER Type B radwaste among the three sampling techniques will be suggested in several months after finishing the related experiment

Development of sampling techniques for ITER Type B radwaste

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hong, Kwon Pyo; Kim, Sung Geun; Jung, Sang Hee; Oh, Wan Ho; Park, Myung Chul; Kim, Hee Moon; Ahn, Sang Bok [KAERI, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

2016-05-15

There are several difficulties and limitation in sampling activities. As the Type B radwaste components are mostly metallic(mostly stainless steel) and bulk(∼ 1 m in size and ∼ 100 mm in thickness), it is difficult in taking samples from the surface of Type B radwaste by remote operation. But also, sampling should be performed without use of any liquid coolant to avoid the spread of contamination. And all sampling procedures are carried in the hot cell red zone with remote operation. Three kinds of sampling techniques are being developed. They are core sampling, chip sampling, and wedge sampling, which are the candidates of sampling techniques to be applied to ITER hot cell. Object materials for sampling are stainless steel or Cu alloy block in order to simulate ITER Type B radwaste. The best sampling technique for ITER Type B radwaste among the three sampling techniques will be suggested in several months after finishing the related experiment.

Numerical Studies of Low Cycle Fatigue in Forward Extrusion Dies

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Pedersen, Thomas Ø

2000-01-01

of describing the elastic-plastic material behaviour under cyclic loadings is used to study the effects of different pre-stressing concepts on the accumulation of plastic strain and the development of fatigue damage. The results show, that the accumulation of plastic strain in the critical region can......Forward extrusion dies typically fail due to transverse fatigue cracks or wear. Fatigue cracks are initiated in regions where the material is subjected to repeated plastic deformations, e.g. the transition radius in a forward extrusion die, in the present work, a material model capable...... be controlled by means of the pre-stressing system or the geometry of the die insert. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved....

Fabrication of sandwich-type MgB{sub 2}/Boron/MgB{sub 2} Josephson junctions with rapid annealing method

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhang, Song; Wang, Xu; Ma, Junli; Cui, Ruirui; Deng, Chaoyong, E-mail: cydeng@gzu.edu.cn

2015-11-15

Sandwich-type MgB{sub 2}/Boron/MgB{sub 2} Josephson junctions were fabricated using magnetron sputtering system. The rapid-anneal process was adopted to replace traditional way of annealing, trying to solve the problem of interdiffusion and oxidation with multilayer films. The boron film was used as barrier layer to avoid the introduction of impurities and improve reproducibility of the junctions. The bottom MgB{sub 2} thin films deposited on c-plane sapphire substrate exhibits a critical temperature T{sub C} of 37.5 K and critical current density J{sub C} at 5 K of 8.7 × 10{sup 6} A cm{sup −2}. From the XRD pattern, the bottom MgB{sub 2} thin film shows c-axis orientation, whereas the top MgB{sub 2} became polycrystalline as Boron barrier layer grown thicker. Therefore, all junction samples show lower T{sub C} than single MgB{sub 2} thin film. The junctions exhibit excellent quasiparticle characteristics with ideal dependence on temperature and Boron barrier thickness. Subharmonic gap structure was appeared in conductance characteristics, which was attributed to the multiple Andreev reflections (MAR). The result demonstrates great promise of this new fabrication technology for MgB{sub 2} Josephson junction fabrication. - Highlights: • Sandwich-type MgB{sub 2}/Boron/MgB{sub 2} Josephson junctions were fabricated. • The junctions were annealed after deposition with the rapid-anneal process. • The highest critical current is 25.3 mA at 5 K and remains non-zero near 25 K. • Subharmonic gap features can be observed in the dI/dV – V curves.

Die gebruik van ’n reologiese tegniek in die bepaling van die verhardingsreaksiekinetika van ’n reaktiewe poliësterpoeierdeklaag

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O. C. Vorster

2004-09-01

Full Text Available

Die studie van die verhardingsreaksiekinetika van deklae word bemoeilik deur die aanwesigheid van vlugtige stowwe, pigmente en bypigmente. In hierdie studie word die verhardingsreaksiekinetika van ’n karboksielgetermineerde poliëstertriglisediel-isosianuraat deur middel van parallelplaatspanningsreometrie bepaal. Jeltye is verkry en skaleringseksponente bepaal. ’n Nuwe metode vir die voorspelling van die verloop van die reaksie word voorgestel en vergelyk met resultate verkry deur middel van differensiël skanderingskalorimetrie.

Abstract

The use of a rheological technique in the determination of the curing kinetics of a reactive polyester powder coating

In this article a study of the curing process of carboxyl terminated polyester-triglycidyl isocyanurate systems is reported. A comparison is made between the generally used Differential Scanning Calorimetric methods and rheokinetic methods, using a parallel plate oscillating stress rheometer. Gel times were determined and scaling exponents calculated. A new method for the estimation of the extent of reaction is presented and compared with results obtained by means of differential scanning calorimetry

Three NiAs-Ni 2In Type Structures in the Mn-Sn System

Science.gov (United States)

Elding-Pontén, Margareta; Stenberg, Lars; Larsson, Ann-Kristin; Lidin, Sven; Ståhl, Kenny

1997-03-01

TheB8-type structure field of the Mn-Sn system has been investigated. Two high temperature phases (HTP1 and HTP2) and one low temperature phase (Mn3Sn2) were found. They all crystallize with the NiAs structure type with part of the trigonal bipyramidal interstices filled by manganese atoms in an ordered manner. The ordering as well as the manganese content is different for the three phases, giving rise to three different orthorhombic superstructures. Mn3Sn2seems to have the lowest manganese content, since the corresponding basal unit cell is smaller than for HTP1-2. Structural models of the phases are based on selected area electron diffraction, X-ray powder diffraction, and preliminary single crystal X-ray measurements. The ideal cell parameters found are (a=7ahex,b=3ahex,c=chex), (a=5ahex,b=3ahex,c=chex), and (a=2ahex,b=3ahex,c=chex) for HTP1, HTP2, and Mn3Sn2, respectively. The crystal structure of Mn3Sn2has been refined by means of the Rietveld method from X-ray powder diffraction data. Mn3Sn2is orthorhombic,Pnma,a=7.5547(2),b=5.4994(2),c=8.5842(2) Å,Z=4. (Pbnmin the setting above.) The compound is isostructural with Ni3Sn2andγ‧-Co3Sn2(H. Fjellvåg and A. Kjekshus,Acta Chem. Scand.A40, 23-30 (1986)). FinalRp=8.97%,Rwp=11.44%, GOF=2.86, andRBragg=4.11% using 43 parameters and 5701 observations and 330 Bragg reflections.

Die kliniese kindersielkundige as diagnostikus1

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D. J. W. Strümpfer

1961-03-01

Full Text Available Die benaming „Kliniese Kindersielkunde” is nog onbekend en gevolglik betreklik onbemind. Dit is in 1951 die eerste keer gebruik. Die werk van die Kliniese Kindersielkunde is egter so oud as die werk van die algemene Kliniese Sielkunde, waarvan die geskiedenis gewoonlik teruggevoer word tot die begin van sielkundige toetsing vroeg in die tagtigerjare. Tot ’n aansienlike mate is hierdie vroeë werk op kinders uitgevoer, bv. dié van Galton en later die van Binet en Simon. Witmer het in 1896 die eerste sielkundige kliniek geopen en het ook die term „Kliniese Sielkunde” ingevoer; die meerderheid van sy pasiënte was egter ook kinders. Tot voor die Tweede Wêreldoorlog was klinies-sielkundige werk hoofsaaklik op kinders toegespits. Sedertdien het die kliniese sielkundige tot ’n belangrike mate toegetree tot die gebied van die diagnose en terapie van psigiese afwykings by volwassenes, tot so ’n mate dat in die gedagtes en geskrifte van baie werkers die terrein van die Kliniese Sielkunde byna tot werk met volwassenes beperk word.

‘Op de wijze van Kavafis’: Die voorbeeld van die digter uit Alexandrië

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Phil van Schalkwyk

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Die Griekse digter K.P. Kavafis (1863–1933 word wêreldwyd deur lesers sowel as skrywers besonder hoog geag. Hy het nie net van die grootste twintigste-eeuse skrywers beïnvloed nie,maar is vanweë die buitengewone vertaalbaarheid van sy werk ook betreklik sterk teenwoordig in die letterkunde van meer tale as slegs Grieks en Engels. Vir baie – veral gay lesers, skrywers en kunstenaars – besit Kavafis ’n voorbeeldstatus, ten opsigte van die letterkunde sowel asdie lewe. W.H. Auden het beweer dat dit wat Kavafis onderskei, sy stemtoon is, een wat ’n persoon met ’n unieke perspektief op die wêreld openbaar. Hierdie bydrae, wat deel is van ’nnavorsingsprojek oor idiolektiese skrywersidentiteit, is daarop gerig om die onderskeidende kenmerke van Kavafis se werk, sowel in terme van vorm as inhoud, opnuut te ondersoek. Dit word gedoen binne die raamwerk van die breë kritiese diskoers oor Kavafis en met verwysing na enkele manifestasies/voorbeelde van Nederlandse en Afrikaanse kritiese en kreatieweperspektiewe op sy poësie, met die doel om spesifiek lig te werp op die besondere soortwysheid wat in Kavafis se werk oorgedra word.

(Pt{sub 1–x}Cu{sub x}){sub 3}Cu{sub 2}B and Pt{sub 9}Cu{sub 3}B{sub 5}, the first examples of copper platinum borides. Observation of superconductivity in a novel boron filled β-Mn-type compound

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Salamakha, Leonid P. [Institute of Solid State Physics, TU Wien, A-1040 Wien (Austria); Sologub, Oksana, E-mail: oksana.sologub@univie.ac.at [Institute of Solid State Physics, TU Wien, A-1040 Wien (Austria); Stöger, Berthold [Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, A-1040 Wien (Austria); Michor, Herwig; Bauer, Ernst [Institute of Solid State Physics, TU Wien, A-1040 Wien (Austria); Rogl, Peter F. [Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Vienna, A-1090 Wien (Austria)

2015-09-15

New ternary copper platinum borides have been synthesized by arc melting of pure elements followed by annealing at 600 °C. The structures have been studied by X-ray single crystal and powder diffraction. (Pt{sub 1−x}Cu{sub x}){sub 3}Cu{sub 2}B (x=0.33) forms a B-filled β-Mn-type structure (space group P4{sub 1}32; a=0.6671(1) nm). Cu atoms are distributed preferentially on the 8c atom sites, whereas the 12d site is randomly occupied by Pt and Cu atoms (0.670(4) Pt±0.330(4) Cu). Boron is located in octahedral voids of the parent β-Mn-type structure. Pt{sub 9}Cu{sub 3}B{sub 5} (space group P-62m; a=0.9048(3) nm, c=0.2908(1) nm) adopts the Pt{sub 9}Zn{sub 3}B{sub 5–δ}-type structure. It has a columnar architecture along the short translation vector exhibiting three kinds of [Pt{sub 6}] trigonal prism columns (boron filled, boron semi-filled and empty) and Pt channels with a pentagonal cross section filled with Cu atoms. The striking structural feature is a [Pt{sub 6}] cluster in form of an empty trigonal prism at the origin of the unit cell, which is surrounded by coupled [BPt{sub 6}] and [Pt{sub 6}] trigonal prisms, rotated perpendicularly to the central one. There is no B–B contact as well as Cu–B contact in the structure. The relationships of Pt{sub 9}Cu{sub 3}B{sub 5} structure with the structure of Ti{sub 1+x}Os{sub 2−x}RuB{sub 2} as well as with the structure families of metal sulfides and aluminides have been elucidated. (Pt{sub 1–x}Cu{sub x}){sub 3}Cu{sub 2}B (x=0.3) (B-filled β-Mn-type structure) is a bulk superconductor with a transition temperature of about 2.06 K and an upper critical field μ{sub 0}H{sub C2}(0){sup WHH} of 1.2 T, whereas no superconducting transition has been observed up to 0.3 K in Pt{sub 9}Cu{sub 3}B{sub 5} (Pt{sub 9}Zn{sub 3}B{sub 5–δ}-type structure) from electrical resistivity measurements. - Highlights: • First two copper platinum borides, (Pt{sub 0.67}Cu{sub 0.33}){sub 3}Cu{sub 2}B and Pt{sub 9}Cu{sub 3}B

die kerk, maatskappy en vrye verenigings: 'n studie van die kerkorde ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Engelhard en Hofman 2001; PKN 2003). Die begrip “moderne gedifferensieerde samelewing”, saamgelees met 'n selfstandigheid in eie bevoegdheid, kom net so van Dooyeweerd af (1957:379; 1963:81). NGK-KO 1962 neem vorm aan in 'n tyd waarin. Dooyeweerd akademies op die kruin van die golf is – gemeet aan sy.

Die sprachnorm und die künstlerische sprache I. Tavčars in seinem werdegang

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martina Orožen

1975-11-01

Full Text Available In dem ganzen Zeitraum vom 16. his zum 18. Jahrhundert hemühten sich die slovenischen Schriftsteller urn die sprachliche Richtigkeit und stilistische Voll­ kommenheit des Textes. Die praktischen Resultate dieser Bemühungen waren aller­ dings nicht einheitlich, weil auch·die theoretischen Ansichten in Bezug auf die Umständlichkeiten, in denen sich die Schriftsprache entwickelte, nicht einheitlich und so geklärt waren, wie es heutzutage ist. Die wechselseiten Beziehungen dieser Bestrehungen sind in gegenwärtigen Ahhandlungen dargestellt am sprachlichen Material eines einzigen, aher vornehmen Schriftstellers Ivan Tavčar. Die angefiihrte Durchsicht des sprachlichen Materials lässt schliessen, class sich der Schriftsteller Tavčar in seinen Werken nach den Normen der Schriftsprache richtete. Wenn er selhst diese Normen nicht immer heohachtete, so taten es die Redakteure und die Korrektoren der literarischen Zeitschriften. Die Normen hetrachtete er als etwas Verhindliches, doch unterordnete er sich nicht ahsolut allen Vorschriften, welche die Archaisierung der Sprache hezielten. Die slavischen Leihwörter verwendete er, wenn sie dem Sinne funktionell entsprachen. So verstand es, auch die nicht mehr lehendigen Glieder des sprachlichen Systems zu helehen und hildend zu entwickeln. Geschickt verwendete er alle Moglichkeiten des Duhlettierens sowohl in lexikalischer als auch in syntaktischer Hinsicht. Bei der Auswahl des sprachlichen Ausdruckes war für ihn die Funktion massgehend, weshalh in seinen Satzen sowohl die archaischen als auch die zeitgemässen sprachlichen Mittel stilistisch wertvoll erscheinen. Tavčars Werke zeigen von den Anfangen in den Siehzigerjahren his zum Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts eine heneidenswerte sprachliche Entwicklung. Trotz der heengenden Normen der Neunzigerjahre fühlte er sich ungehunden und leistete viel für die Entwicklung der Schriftsprache. In der Zeit, wo die Sprache in ihren Regeln eine höhere Stufe der

„Die kriminelle Frau“ – ein „Anwendungsfall“ für die Anomietheorie?

OpenAIRE

Gabriele Schmölzer

2008-01-01

Die von der Verfasserin vorgenommene Bearbeitung der Anomietheorie des Soziologen Robert K. Merton zielt darauf ab, „relevante Unterschiede zwischen Frauen und Männern zu finden, die den unterschiedlichen Anteil der Geschlechter bei der registrierten Kriminalität erklären können“ (S. 223). Dies gelingt insofern, als sie strukturelle Variablen herausarbeiten kann, die per se die Wahrscheinlichkeit von strafbarem Verhalten erhöhen. Das Geschlecht spielt dabei (nur) insofern eine Rolle, als der ...

Die afrikaner en sy pers*

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

G. D. Scholtz

1963-03-01

Full Text Available Die versoek w at van u inrigting tot my gekom het om buitengewone professor in die Persw etenskap te word, was vir my deels vererend, m aar deels het dit my in 'n moeilike posisie gestel. Dit was vir my vererend, om dat dit gekom het van 'n universiteit m et wie se Christelik- Nasionale koers ek my ten voile kan vereenselwig. Dit was dan ook vir my vererend, om dat ek daardeur in staat gestel kan w ord om die volk w aartoe ek behoort, op 'n vir my nuwe terrein te dien. As sodanig is dit vir my im m ers m oontlik om ook ’n beskeie bydrae te lewer tot die geestelike vorm ing van die jeug van ons volk. Dit het my m oeilik geval om, w aar ek reeds die m iddeljarige leeftyd bereik het, nou vir die eerste maal as dosent op te tree, aangesien ek daarvan in die verlede nie die m inste kennis en ervaring opgedoen het nie. As joernalis rig ek my im m ers tot die breë publiek deur middel van die pen. As dosent m oet ek my deur middel van die mond tot die studente rig. Dit lê voor die hand dat die eise w at so aan my gestel word, totaal anders is as dié waar- aan ek oor 'n tydperk van m eer as 'n kw arteeu as joer­ nalis gewoond geraak het.

Hib Disease (Haemophilus Influenzae Type b)

Science.gov (United States)

... Fitness Diseases & Conditions Infections Drugs & Alcohol School & Jobs Sports Expert Answers (Q&A) Staying Safe Videos for Educators Search English Español Hib Disease (Haemophilus Influenzae Type b) KidsHealth / For Teens / Hib Disease (Haemophilus Influenzae ...

Dimensional control of die castings

Science.gov (United States)

Karve, Aniruddha Ajit

The demand for net shape die castings, which require little or no machining, is steadily increasing. Stringent customer requirements are forcing die casters to deliver high quality castings in increasingly short lead times. Dimensional conformance to customer specifications is an inherent part of die casting quality. The dimensional attributes of a die casting are essentially dependent upon many factors--the quality of the die and the degree of control over the process variables being the two major sources of dimensional error in die castings. This study focused on investigating the nature and the causes of dimensional error in die castings. The two major components of dimensional error i.e., dimensional variability and die allowance were studied. The major effort of this study was to qualitatively and quantitatively study the effects of casting geometry and process variables on die casting dimensional variability and die allowance. This was accomplished by detailed dimensional data collection at production die casting sites. Robust feature characterization schemes were developed to describe complex casting geometry in quantitative terms. Empirical modeling was utilized to quantify the effects of the casting variables on dimensional variability and die allowance for die casting features. A number of casting geometry and process variables were found to affect dimensional variability in die castings. The dimensional variability was evaluated by comparisons with current published dimensional tolerance standards. The casting geometry was found to play a significant role in influencing the die allowance of the features measured. The predictive models developed for dimensional variability and die allowance were evaluated to test their effectiveness. Finally, the relative impact of all the components of dimensional error in die castings was put into perspective, and general guidelines for effective dimensional control in the die casting plant were laid out. The results of

Die reg van die homoseksuele ouer om beheer en toesig oor 'n kind ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Administrator

regtens seëvier sodat die grondwetlike verbod op onbillike diskriminasie teen mense op grond van hul seksuele georiënteerdheid so .... gerig teen die homoseksueel self en die homoseksuele daad wat hy/sy beoefen, maar dat daar ook gediskrimineer ..... Die Uniform Marriage and Divorce Act,. 60 aangeneem in verskeie ...

Die verband tussen waargenome leierskap en die vlak van outonomie binne spanverband

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. Van der Heyde

2003-10-01

Full Text Available The relationship between perceived leadership and the level of outonomy in a team context remains a contemporary theme in the work environment and seemingly has a substantial influence on organisational success. This study attempted to ascertain the relationship between leadership and the level of outonomy in a team context. Two hundred and thirty (N=230 individuals, grouped into 56 teams from four South African companies participated in the study. The superordinate’s leadership style as well as the level of outonomy in the specific group was measured. Apart from the useful information obtained in comparison with international research, especially in terms of leadership data, the study did conclusively point out a significant correlation between leadership style and autonomy in team context. Opsomming Leierskap en selfgerigte spanfunksionering bly kontemporêre temas in die bedryfsmilieu, wat oënskynlik organisasiesukses wesenlik kan beïnvloed. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die waargenome verband tussen leierskap en die vlak van outonomie binne spanverband te bepaal. Tweehondered-en-dertig (N=230 individue, gegroepeer in 56 spanne vanuit vier Suid-Afrikaanse maatksappye het aan die studie deelgeneem. ‘n Meting van sowel die bogeskikte se leierskapstyl en die vlak van outonomie binne spanverband is verkry. Afgesien van bruikbare inligting rondom veral die leierskapdata in vergelyking met internasionale navorsing, het die studie ‘n beduidende verband tussen leierskapstyl en outonomie binne spanverband uitgewys.

The effect of equipment efficiency on occurrence of non-conforming products in die casting

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

S. Borkowski

2010-01-01

Full Text Available This study focuses on determination of the relationships between equipment efficiency in casting machines and the level of quality. The determination was made based on coefficients of Total Productive Maintenance and r correlation coefficient. The degree at which break-downs and downtime affect the occurrence of non-conforming products was also evaluated. The goal of further investigations is to deter-mine the structure of downtime and finding which downtime types have greatest impact on the quality of die-casting products.

Versoening tussen leerders: Is parallelmediumskole die antwoord op die rassismeprobleem?

OpenAIRE

Du Plessis, Elize; Marais, Petro

2017-01-01

Die Suid-Afrikaanse Grondwet stel dit duidelik dat enige vorm van diskriminasie nie toegelaat mag word nie. In ons skole beteken dit dat elke leerder ʼn reg het op goeie opvoeding en ʼn veilige skoolomgewing. Die fokus van hierdie navorsing is gerig op bestaande parallelmediumskole. Die uiteindelike vraagstuk is dus hoe multikulturele onderwys bevorder word en hoe rassisme aangespreek kan word? As teoretiese raamwerk is Kohlsberg se kognitiewe ontwikkelingsbenadering en Whitehouse se univerele ...

GODSBEELDE IN DIE LITURGIE

African Journals Online (AJOL)

15 Mei 2010 ... Biezeveld, de Boer, Brümmer, Muis. 2001; Brown 2006; Durand 2007). ... Wanneer sal hy weer in God se teenwoordigheid verskyn (vers 3)? Dié vraag is vol onsekerheid. (Schuman 2004:8). Sy onsekerheid ... God se volk en die enkeling in die geskiedenis het al die trou van God ervaar waarop die digter ...

Die metafoor by Breyten Breytenbach

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Owner

23 Jun 2009 ... metafories, of spesifiek verwysend, te werk gegaan is. Tyd sou mens die hoofmotief van die bundel noem, tyd en geheue wat verbygaan: 1 en 2; en die einde van die storie wat gekom het: “fluit-fluit my storie is uit”. (Die tema van verbygaan word weer opgeneem in 8 en 9: die stories wat nooit meer gehoor ...

Botulinum toxin type B micromechanosensor.

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, W; Montana, Vedrana; Chapman, Edwin R; Mohideen, U; Parpura, Vladimir

2003-11-11

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) types A, B, E, and F are toxic to humans; early and rapid detection is essential for adequate medical treatment. Presently available tests for detection of BoNTs, although sensitive, require hours to days. We report a BoNT-B sensor whose properties allow detection of BoNT-B within minutes. The technique relies on the detection of an agarose bead detachment from the tip of a micromachined cantilever resulting from BoNT-B action on its substratum, the synaptic protein synaptobrevin 2, attached to the beads. The mechanical resonance frequency of the cantilever is monitored for the detection. To suspend the bead off the cantilever we use synaptobrevin's molecular interaction with another synaptic protein, syntaxin 1A, that was deposited onto the cantilever tip. Additionally, this bead detachment technique is general and can be used in any displacement reaction, such as in receptor-ligand pairs, where the introduction of one chemical leads to the displacement of another. The technique is of broad interest and will find uses outside toxicology.

Die teologiese debat: Die waarde of betekenis daarvan

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Ego vero hoc libro non contuli sed asservi et assero, ac penes nullum vo- lo esse iudicium, sed omnibus suadeo, ut praestent obsequium. (M Luther, De servo arbitrio, 1525). 1. INLEIDING. In ons dae is dit hoe mode om oor alles debat te voer. Een van die towerwoorde van ons tyd, veral op die politiek-staatkundige terrein, ...

Modelle in die onderrig van fisika

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J. J. A. Smit

1998-07-01

Full Text Available Die rol van modelle in die onderrig van fisika is sedert die vroeë tagtigerjare erken. In die onderrig word die absent op die kwantitaiewe aspekte van die vak geplaas, terwyl die kwatitatiewe aspekte min aandag kry.

Ist die Gesangskomplexita¨t der Amsel in einem intrasexuellen Kontext von Bedeutung?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hesler, Nana; Sacher, T.; Coppack, T.

Vogelgesang wird fu¨r ein sexuell selektiertes Merkmal gehalten, das sowohl im inter- als auch im intrasexuellen Kontext eine Rolle spielt. Dabei nimmt man an, dass der Grad der Gesangskomplexita¨t ein ehrliches Signal fu¨r die Qualita¨t des Sa¨ngers darstellt. Bei Arten, die u¨ber ein gewisses...... Repertoire verschiedener Gesangsmuster verfu¨gen (z.B. verschiedener Strophentypen), stellt die Repertoiregro¨ße ein mo¨gliches Maß der Gesangskomplexita¨t dar. Die Amsel Turdus merula verfu¨gt u¨ber ein großes gesangliches Repertoire mit komplexem Aufbau ohne festgelegte Strophentypen. Dieses Repertoire...

The PEM fuel cell as a residential power source; Die PEMFC in der Hausenergieversorgung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gummert, G [HGC Hamburg Gas Consult GmbH, Hamburg (Germany)

1999-12-31

The firm HGC, Hamburg Gas Consult GmbH, has been offering CHP systems based on fuel cells since 1996. There still is only one series product on the market, the 200 kW{sub el} or 220 kW{sub th} PC 25 system produced by ONSI, South Windsor, USA. Seven phosphoric acid fuel cell-driven CHPs with a total capacity of 1.4 MW{sub el} have been designed, installed and put into operation by the HGC engineers. Whereas the PC 25 system of ONSI is optimal for applications such as integration into a local heating network, fabrication of small-size phosphoric acid fuel cell systems with a capacity of just 50 kW{sub el} has been found to be non-profitable. For applications requiring 50 kW{sub el} or less, another fuel cell type is much more promising: the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). (orig./CB) [Deutsch] Seit 1996 bietet die HGC Hamburg Gas Consult GmbH Kraft-Waermekopplung mit Brennstoffzellen an. Das einzige Serienprodukt ist damals wie heute die bei der Fa. ONSI in South Windsor, USA, gebaute PC 25 mit 200 kW{sub el} und 220 kW{sub th}. Sieben phosphorsaure Brennstoffzellen-BHKW mit einer Gesamtleistung von 1,4 MW{sub el} wurden bereits von den HGC-Ingenieuren geplant, installiert und in Betrieb genommen. Waehrend die ONSI PC 25 ideal als Blockheizkraftwerk an einem Nahwaermenetz eingesetzt werden kann, rentiert sich die Herstellung kleinerer phosphorsaurer Brennstoffzellenaggregate z.B. mit 50 kW{sub el} Leistung nicht. Fuer Anwendungen im Bereich <50 kW{sub el} bietet sich deshalb ein anderer Brennstoffzellentyp an: Die Polymer Electrolyt Membran Brennstoffzelle (PFMFC). (orig.)

Structural and functional studies of conserved nucleotide-binding protein LptB in lipopolysaccharide transport

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang, Zhongshan [Biomedical Research Centre, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7TJ (United Kingdom); College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065 (China); Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST (United Kingdom); Xiang, Quanju [College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065 (China); Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST (United Kingdom); Department of Microbiology, College of Resource and Environment Science, Sichuan Agriculture University, Yaan 625000 (China); Zhu, Xiaofeng [College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065 (China); Dong, Haohao [Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST (United Kingdom); He, Chuan [School of Electronics and Information, Wuhan Technical College of Communications, No. 6 Huangjiahu West Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei 430065 (China); Wang, Haiyan; Zhang, Yizheng [College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065 (China); Wang, Wenjian, E-mail: Wenjian166@gmail.com [Laboratory of Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080 (China); Dong, Changjiang, E-mail: C.Dong@uea.ac.uk [Biomedical Research Centre, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7TJ (United Kingdom)

2014-09-26

Highlights: • Determination of the structure of the wild-type LptB in complex with ATP and Mg{sup 2+}. • Demonstrated that ATP binding residues are essential for LptB’s ATPase activity and LPS transport. • Dimerization is required for the LptB’s function and LPS transport. • Revealed relationship between activity of the LptB and the vitality of E. coli cells. - Abstract: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the main component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, which plays an essential role in protecting the bacteria from harsh conditions and antibiotics. LPS molecules are transported from the inner membrane to the outer membrane by seven LPS transport proteins. LptB is vital in hydrolyzing ATP to provide energy for LPS transport, however this mechanism is not very clear. Here we report wild-type LptB crystal structure in complex with ATP and Mg{sup 2+}, which reveals that its structure is conserved with other nucleotide-binding proteins (NBD). Structural, functional and electron microscopic studies demonstrated that the ATP binding residues, including K42 and T43, are crucial for LptB’s ATPase activity, LPS transport and the vitality of Escherichia coli cells with the exceptions of H195A and Q85A; the H195A mutation does not lower its ATPase activity but impairs LPS transport, and Q85A does not alter ATPase activity but causes cell death. Our data also suggest that two protomers of LptB have to work together for ATP hydrolysis and LPS transport. These results have significant impacts in understanding the LPS transport mechanism and developing new antibiotics.

Structural and functional studies of conserved nucleotide-binding protein LptB in lipopolysaccharide transport

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, Zhongshan; Xiang, Quanju; Zhu, Xiaofeng; Dong, Haohao; He, Chuan; Wang, Haiyan; Zhang, Yizheng; Wang, Wenjian; Dong, Changjiang

2014-01-01

Highlights: • Determination of the structure of the wild-type LptB in complex with ATP and Mg 2+ . • Demonstrated that ATP binding residues are essential for LptB’s ATPase activity and LPS transport. • Dimerization is required for the LptB’s function and LPS transport. • Revealed relationship between activity of the LptB and the vitality of E. coli cells. - Abstract: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the main component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, which plays an essential role in protecting the bacteria from harsh conditions and antibiotics. LPS molecules are transported from the inner membrane to the outer membrane by seven LPS transport proteins. LptB is vital in hydrolyzing ATP to provide energy for LPS transport, however this mechanism is not very clear. Here we report wild-type LptB crystal structure in complex with ATP and Mg 2+ , which reveals that its structure is conserved with other nucleotide-binding proteins (NBD). Structural, functional and electron microscopic studies demonstrated that the ATP binding residues, including K42 and T43, are crucial for LptB’s ATPase activity, LPS transport and the vitality of Escherichia coli cells with the exceptions of H195A and Q85A; the H195A mutation does not lower its ATPase activity but impairs LPS transport, and Q85A does not alter ATPase activity but causes cell death. Our data also suggest that two protomers of LptB have to work together for ATP hydrolysis and LPS transport. These results have significant impacts in understanding the LPS transport mechanism and developing new antibiotics

Die huwelik in die eerste-eeuse Mediterreense wêreld (II): Huwelik ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

p1243322

ingebed was, die vrou altyd in die eer van die man ingebed was, en .... contracted between families (segments of the same family) for a male and a female. ... marriage is on offspring ... this being the sole valid motivating factor in sexual encounters. ...... role in some measure only when she became the mother of a son.38.

Wear of Shaped Surfaces of PVD Coated Dies for Clinching

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Miroslav Džupon

2017-11-01

Full Text Available A clinching method that uses a simple toolset consisting of a punch and a die, is utilized for joining lightweight materials. This paper is aimed at investigating the wear of the die cavity of a clinching tool. A clinching tool with a specially shaped cavity was used for joining thin hot-dip galvanized steel sheets. Various types of physical vapour deposition (PVD coatings such as ZrN, CrN and TiCN were deposited on the shaped surface of the die using Lateral Rotating Arc-Cathodes technology. Hot-dip galvanized steel sheets were used for testing the clinching tool. The material properties of PVD coatings that were deposited on the shaped part of the clinching die were evaluated. Finite Element Analysis was used to localize the area of the shaped part of the die and the part of surface area of the cylindrical die cavity of ϕ 5.0 mm, in which high contact pressure values were predicted. The prediction of the start of the wear cycle was verified experimentally by the clinching of 300 samples of hot-dip galvanized steel sheets. Unlike the CrN and ZrN coatings, the TiCN coating remained intact on the entire surface of the die.