Sample records for aquiculture
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Fang, Xiaowei; Yang, Shuiping; Chingin, Konstantin; Zhu, Liang; Zhang, Xinglei; Zhou, Zhiquan; Zhao, Zhanfeng
2016-08-11
Exposure to malachite green (MG) may pose great health risks to humans; thus, it is of prime importance to develop fast and robust methods to quantitatively screen the presence of malachite green in water. Herein the application of extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (EESI-MS) has been extended to the trace detection of MG within lake water and aquiculture water, due to the intensive use of MG as a biocide in fisheries. This method has the advantage of obviating offline liquid-liquid extraction or tedious matrix separation prior to the measurement of malachite green in native aqueous medium. The experimental results indicate that the extrapolated detection limit for MG was ~3.8 μg·L(-1) (S/N = 3) in lake water samples and ~0.5 μg·L(-1) in ultrapure water under optimized experimental conditions. The signal intensity of MG showed good linearity over the concentration range of 10-1000 μg·L(-1). Measurement of practical water samples fortified with MG at 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 mg·L(-1) gave a good validation of the established calibration curve. The average recoveries and relative standard deviation (RSD) of malachite green in lake water and Carassius carassius fish farm effluent water were 115% (6.64% RSD), 85.4% (9.17% RSD) and 96.0% (7.44% RSD), respectively. Overall, the established EESI-MS/MS method has been demonstrated suitable for sensitive and rapid (malachite green in various aqueous media, indicating its potential for online real-time monitoring of real life samples.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ricardo de Figueiredo Guilherme
2009-08-01
Full Text Available O crescente desenvolvimento da aquicultura nos últimos anos vem despertando o interesse de se estudar a melhor forma de utilização das rações, visto que estas podem elevar em até 60% o custo total de produção. O nível de inclusão de ácido ascórbico em uma dieta deve considerar a variação da matéria-prima, as interações entre nutrientes e as perdas no processamento, estocagem e lixiviação. O estudo foi conduzido para avaliar a estabilidade térmica, fotoquímica e lixiviação do ácido ascórbico em diferentes rações e no premix vitamínico utilizado na aquicultura. As amostras 1 (Ração peletizada e posteriormente desintegrada, destinada à alimentação de camarões marinhos pós-larvas ( PL²-PL15 e 5 (premix vitamínico foram as que apresentaram as maiores perdas de ácido ascórbico durante a degradação térmica, fotoquímica e lixiviação.The increasing development of the aquiculture in the last years has stimulated the interest in studying the best form of using the rations, because they increase in up to 60% the total cost of the production. The level of ascorbic acid incorporated in a diet must consider the variation of the raw material, the interactions between nutrients and the losses in the processing, storage, and leaching. The study was conducted to evaluate the thermal stability, photochemistry, and leaching of ascorbic acid on different rations and vitamin premix used in the aquiculture. Samples 1 (pelletized and later disintegrated ration, destined to feeding after-larvae marine shrimps (PL2-PL15 and 5 (vitamin premix presented the biggest ascorbic acid losses during the thermal degradation, photochemistry, and leaching.
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Urbanização e gestão do litoral centro-sul do estado de Santa Catarina
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
M. Scherer
2006-01-01
Full Text Available Thirty six municipalities form the littoral of Santa Catarina State. These municipalities are divided in five sectors: north, center-north, center, center–south and south. Six municipalities belong to the center-south littoral and in this sector is located the bigger coastal lagoon chain of the State. Laguna is the faster growing municipality in this region and has the highest number of inhabitants. The rapid and non-organized urbanization of this area has been causing remarkable environmental impacts such as water pollution, sand dune erosion, loss of coastal vegetation and biodiversity. Activities such as prawn farms, agriculture, tourism and urbanization are the most impacting activities. For a sustainable development of the region some actions should be taken, such as: sewage treatment, urban planning,aquiculture zoning, coastal ecosystems preservation, development and implementation of management plan for conservation areas, environmental laws enforcement.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Márcia Noélia Eler
2007-07-01
Full Text Available O objetivo deste artigo é introduzir reflexões sobre as estratégias de interconexão da aqüicultura no contexto sócio-ambiental, conclamando os atores comprometidos com o setor a pesquisar e utilizar métodos de viabilidade em conformidade com o princípio da sustentabilidade. Sendo que o conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável defendido é aquele que tem como paradigma a inclusão da dimensão social e ambiental desde o estágio de planejamento até a operação. Para tanto, a metodologia da avaliação do ciclo de vida do produto, critérios de avaliação de impacto ambiental, assim como, a adoção da bacia hidrográfica como unidade de gestão participativa, são instrumentos apresentados tendo a piscicultura de água doce como exemplo. A Legislação ambiental brasileira é apresentada como critério norteador e determinante na busca do desenvolvimento sustentável.The objective of this article is to introduce the reader to a reflection about the strategies of interconnection of the aquaculture in the human-environmental context, shouting the committed actors with the sector it research and utilize approaches of feasibility in conformity with the beginning of the sustainability. Sustainability is a complex idea and an abstract concept that provides a framework for interdisciplinary dialogue, interaction and research. The Principle of Sustainable Development as it was endorsed in the Rio-Declaration of 1992, interpreted as comprising the inter-relation of natural and technological aspects on the one hand, with socio-economic and value-based considerations on the other. This study applies a consequential approach to system delimitation and includes future scenarios. The latter are used to predict the impact potential over a longer time span. Also, the methodology for life cycle impact assessment (LCA, environmental impact evaluation criteria, as well as, the adoption of the basin as unit of management participatory. Interconnecting each aquaculture process, Brazilian environmental Legislation is as a criteria determinant in the search of the sustainable development.
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Condensation of atmospheric moisture from tropical maritime air masses as a freshwater resource.
Gerard, R D; Worzel, J L
1967-09-15
A method is proposed whereby potable water may be obtained by condensing moisture from the atmosphere in suitable seashore or island areas. Deep, cold, offshore seawater is used as a source of cold and is pumped to condensers set up on shore to intercept the flow of highly humid, tropical, maritime air masses. This air, when cooled, condenses moisture, which is conducted away and stored for use as a water supply. Windmill-driven generators would supply low-cost power for the operation. Side benefits are derived by using the nutritious deep water to support aquiculture in nearby lagoons or to enhance the productivity of the outfall area. Additional benefits are derived from the condenser as an air-conditioning device for nearby residents. The islands of the Caribbean are used as an example of a location in the trade-winds belt where nearly optimum conditions for the operation of this system can be found.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Lauro Vargas
2008-08-01
Full Text Available Recentemente a produção aquícola brasileira tem apresentado grande progresso. Dentre as espécies nativas cultivadas no Brasil, a piapara (Leporinus elongatus tem sido amplamente preconizada. Com objetivo de avaliar os programas de repovoamento, foram analisadas a variabilidade e a divergência genética de três estoques de piapara com a técnica de RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic. O primeiro estoque pertence à Estação de Aquicultura e Hidrologia da Duke Energy International (A; o segundo, à piscicultura de Rolândia (B e o terceiro, ao Programa de Repovoamento dos Rios do Paraná (C. Os dez primers para RAPD utilizados produziram 105 fragmentos polimórficos, conferindo um polimorfismo de 98,1% para os três estoques avaliados. A porcentagem de locos polimórficos e índice de Shannon foi superior para o estoque A. Porém, todos valores foram elevados, indicando alta diversidade intrapopulacional. Os valores de indicam que houve baixa diferenciação genética entre os estoques A x B e moderada diferenciação entre os demais. O Nm foi maior entre os estoques A x B. A distância genética e o dendrograma indicam que os estoques A x B são menos distantes geneticamente.Latelly, aquiculture production in Brazil has made great strides. Among the native species cultivated in Brazil, piapara (Leporinus elogatus has been widely praised. With the objective of evaluating restocking programs, the variability and genetic divergence of three piapara stocks were analyzed using the RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA technique. The first stock belongs to the Aquiculture and Hydrology Station of Duke Energy International (A; the second one belongs to a fish farm in the city of Rolândia (B; and the third to the River Restocking Program of Paraná (C. The ten primers used for RAPD produced 105 polymorphic loci, conferring a polymorphism of 98.1% for the three evaluated stocks. Polymorphic loci percentage and Shannon index were higher for stock A
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Patrícia Cristina Gomes
2008-04-01
Full Text Available Recentemente a produção aquícola brasileira tem apresentado grandeprogresso. Dentre as espécies nativas cultivadas no Brasil, a piapara (Leporinus elongatus tem sido amplamente preconizada. Com objetivo de avaliar os programas de repovoamento, foram analisadas a variabilidade e a divergência genética de três estoques de piapara com a técnica de RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic. O primeiro estoque pertence à Estação de Aquicultura e Hidrologia da Duke Energy International (A; o segundo, à piscicultura de Rolândia (B e o terceiro, ao Programa de Repovoamento dos Rios do Paraná (C. Os dezprimers para RAPD utilizados produziram 105 fragmentos polimórficos, conferindo um polimorfismo de 98,1% para os três estoques avaliados. A porcentagem de locos polimórficos e índice de Shannon foi superior para o estoque A. Porém, todos valores foram elevados, indicando alta diversidade intrapopulacional. Os valores de Gst indicam que houvebaixa diferenciação genética entre os estoques A x B e moderada diferenciação entre os demais. O Nm foi maior entre os estoques A x B. A distância genética e o dendrograma indicam que os estoques A x B são menos distantes geneticamente.Latelly, aquiculture production in Brazil has made great strides. Among the native species cultivated in Brazil, piapara (Leporinus elogatus has been widely praised. With the objective of evaluating restocking programs, the variability and genetic divergence ofthree piapara stocks were analyzed using the RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA technique. The first stock belongs to the Aquiculture and Hydrology Station of Duke Energy International (A; the second one belongs to a fish farm in the city of Rolândia(B; and the third to the River Restocking Program of Paraná (C. The ten primers used for RAPD produced 105 polymorphic loci, conferring a polymorphism of 98.1% for the three evaluated stocks. Polymorphic loci percentage and Shannon index were higher for stock A
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An Operational Coastal Forecasting System in Galicia (NW Spain)
Balseiro, C. F.; Carracedo, P.; Pérez, E.; Pérez, V.; Taboada, J.; Venacio, A.; Vilasa, L.
2009-09-01
The Galician coast (NW Iberian Peninsula coast) and mainly the Rias Baixas (southern Galician rias) are one of the most productive ecosystems in the world, supporting a very active fishing and aquiculture industry. This high productivity lives together with a high human pressure and an intense maritime traffic, which means an important environmental risk. Besides that, Harmful Algae Blooms (HAB) are common in this area, producing important economical losses in aquiculture. In this context, the development of an Operational Hydrodynamic Ocean Forecast System is the first step to the development of a more sophisticated Ocean Integrated Decision Support Tool. A regional oceanographic forecasting system in the Galician Coast has been developed by MeteoGalicia (the Galician regional meteorological agency) inside ESEOO project to provide forecasts on currents, sea level, water temperature and salinity. This system is based on hydrodynamic model MOHID, forced with the operational meteorological model WRF, supported daily at MeteoGalicia . Two grid meshes are running nested at different scales, one of ~2km at the shelf scale and the other one with a resolution of 500 m at the rias scale. ESEOAT (Puertos del Estado) model provide salinity and temperature fields which are relaxed at all depth along the open boundary of the regional model (~6km). Temperature and salinity initial fields are also obtained from this application. Freshwater input from main rivers are included as forcing in MOHID model. Monthly mean discharge data from gauge station have been provided by Aguas de Galicia. Nowadays a coupling between an hydrological model (SWAT) and the hydrodynamic one are in development with the aim to verify the impact of the rivers discharges. The system runs operationally daily, providing two days of forecast. First model verifications had been performed against Puertos del Estado buoys and Xunta de Galicia buoys network along the Galician coast. High resolution model results
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Rigotto, C; Sincero, T C M; Simões, C M O; Barardi, C R M
2005-01-01
We tested three PCR based methodologies to detect adenoviruses associated with cultivated oysters. Conventional-PCR, nested-PCR, and integrated cell culture-PCR (ICC/PCR) were first optimized using oysters seeded with know amounts of Adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5). The maximum sensitivity for Ad5 detection was determined for each method, and then used to detect natural adenovirus contamination in oysters from three aquiculture farms in Florianopolis, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, over a period of 6 months. The results showed that the nested-PCR was more sensitive (limit of detection: 1.2 PFU/g of tissue) than conventional-PCR and ICC-PCR (limit of detection for both: 1.2 x 10(2)PFU/g of tissue) for detection of Ad5 in oyster extracts. Nested-PCR was able to detect 90% of Ad5 contamination in harvested oyster samples, while conventional-PCR was unable to detect Ad5 in any of the samples. The present work suggests that detection of human adenoviruses can be used as a tool to monitor the presence of human viruses in marine environments where shellfish grow, and that nested-PCR is the method of choice.
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Handa, Hitoshi
1988-01-20
A fluidized bed incineration plant with a waste heat boiler was installed to dispose wastes in Sakura City on March, 1987 and has waste disposing capacity of 120tons/d. Sands are fluidized in the furnace at 700-800/sup 0/C and wastes are burned completely for a short time. The waste heat boiler is used to utilize waste heat to send steam to aquiculturing farms and hot water to the community plaza and further supplies steam to two 90kW back pressure turbines for driving forced draft fan used for the incineration plant. Harmful gases in waste gas are removed by the harmful gas eliminator to lower HCl to 120ppm or less and K value of SOx to 9.0 or less and then cleaned gas is exhausted through the electostatic precipitator and the chimney. Dust and fly ash are transferred to a reservior through a superior seal tight air transportation system, pelletized and disposed for land fill. Bulk waste disposing capacity is 50 tons/d and harmful wastes, magnetic materials, unburnable and burnable wastes are classified and separated. Separated iron purity is 95% or more. (4 figs, 2 photos)
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Liu, Rui; Ji, Jing; Wang, Lingchong; Chen, Shiyong; Guo, Sheng; Wu, Hao
2012-11-15
Mactra veneriformis has been used as sea food and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for thousands of years in China. In the present study, a high performance liquid chromatograph coupled with photodiode array detector and electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometer (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS) method was established for detection of the nucleosides and nucleobases in M. veneriformis from four aquaticultural area of Jiangsu during different harvest time of one year. The validated method was successfully applied to identifying 10 nucleosides and nucleobases in 48 M. veneriformis samples. Quantitative analysis showed that nucleosides and nucleobases are rich in all M. veneriformis samples. However, their contents vary in different areas and harvest times. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to classify the 48 samples based on the contents of the nucleosides and nucleobases. As a result, the samples could be mainly clustered into four groups, which was similar as aquaticultural areas classification. Based on the results, present method might be applicable for the quality control of M. veneriformis, or even other marine shellfish aquiculture and their products, and the quality of M. veneriformis might be more related with aquaticultural areas. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Nutrient and chlorophyll a anomaly in red-tide periods of 2003-2008 in Sishili Bay, China
Hao, Yanju; Tang, Danling; Yu, Long; Xing, Qianguo
2011-05-01
Sishili Bay is the most important aquiculture and tourism area for the city of Yantai, China; however, red tides occurred frequently and have caused huge economic losses in this bay in recent years. To gain a better understanding of the local ecological environments in the bay, we conducted this research between 2003 and 2008 to analyze variations in nutrients and chlorophyll (chl- a) during high frequency red tide period (May to September). The results show that the chl- a concentration increased from 2.70 in 2003 to 7.26 mg/m3 in 2008, while the concentration of total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) and silicate (SiO3-Si) increased lineally from 5.18 and 1.45 μmol/L in 2003 to 18.57 and 9.52 μmol/L in 2008, respectively, and the annual phosphate (PO4-P) varied between 0.15 and 0.46 μmol/L. Special attention was given to a red tide in August 2007 occurred when water temperature was high and nutrient concentrations increased sharply because of a heavy rainfall. Overall, the results show the P limitation in Sishili Bay, and reveal that red tides were caused by eutrophication from terrestrial inputs and local warm weather, particularly during rainy periods. Therefore, to control red tide, greater efforts should be made to reduce sewage discharges into Sishili Bay, particularly during rainfall seasons.
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International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Francisco A Castillo G; David Osorio
1994-01-01
The analysis was carried out in the geographical area for the ERFEN understood among the 2 degrade at the 6 degrade of latitude N and 82 degrade of longitude W, specifically in the areas to the north of the Colombian Pacific (Cabo Corrientes) Profile Buenaventura-Malpelo and Profile Tumaco, being studied the superficial phytoplankton in the two characteristic times of the Pacific and taking like reference the existent historical data. The Incidence of the environmental parameter is presented, as it is the temperature on the distribution of a marine ecosystem as it is the superficial marine phytoplankton. It was observed that the identified species as the biological Indicators of the southeastern oscillation, coincided equally with the beginning of the indicative thermal anomalies of the evolution of a warm event with the obtained data it was visualized that the composition of the opposing phytoplankton during the period of study, reflective a mixture of elements with very diverse ecological width, reflecting waters of different provenience: Coastal and oceanic. Bigger information is contributed with the end to supplement the knowledge on the indicative organisms that detect in early form the environmental changes taken place by the phenomenon El Nino, and of this form, to complete the physical-chemical and fishing studies allowing to give approaches in the political orientation in the activities that could be affected, such as fishing strategy, measures on aquiculture, marketing decision, handling of hydrobiologic resources, etc
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Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Castillo G, Francisco A; Osorio, David
1994-03-15
The analysis was carried out in the geographical area for the ERFEN understood among the 2 degrade at the 6 degrade of latitude N and 82 degrade of longitude W, specifically in the areas to the north of the Colombian Pacific (Cabo Corrientes) Profile Buenaventura-Malpelo and Profile Tumaco, being studied the superficial phytoplankton in the two characteristic times of the Pacific and taking like reference the existent historical data. The Incidence of the environmental parameter is presented, as it is the temperature on the distribution of a marine ecosystem as it is the superficial marine phytoplankton. It was observed that the identified species as the biological Indicators of the southeastern oscillation, coincided equally with the beginning of the indicative thermal anomalies of the evolution of a warm event with the obtained data it was visualized that the composition of the opposing phytoplankton during the period of study, reflective a mixture of elements with very diverse ecological width, reflecting waters of different provenience: Coastal and oceanic. Bigger information is contributed with the end to supplement the knowledge on the indicative organisms that detect in early form the environmental changes taken place by the phenomenon El Nino, and of this form, to complete the physical-chemical and fishing studies allowing to give approaches in the political orientation in the activities that could be affected, such as fishing strategy, measures on aquiculture, marketing decision, handling of hydrobiologic resources, etc.
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Xiangyu Mu
2014-09-01
Full Text Available Natural factors and anthropogenic activities both contribute dissolved chemical loads to lakes and streams. Mineral solubility, geomorphology of the drainage basin, source strengths and climate all contribute to concentrations and their variability. Urbanization and agriculture waste-water particularly lead to aquatic environmental degradation. Major contaminant sources and controls on water quality can be asssessed by analyzing the variability in proportions of major and minor solutes in water coupled to mutivariate statistical methods. The demand for freshwater needed for increasing crop production puulation and industrialization occurs almost everywhere in in China and these conflicting needs have led to widespread water contamination. Because of heavy nutrient loadings from all of these sources, Lake Taihu (eastern China notably suffers periodic hyper-eutrophication and drinking water deterioration, which has led to shortages of freshwater for the City of Wuxi and other nearby cities. This lake, the third largest freshwater body in China, has historically beeen considered a cultural treasure of China, and has supported long-term fisheries. The is increasing pressure to remediate the present contamination which compromises both aquiculture and the prior economic base centered on tourism. However, remediation cannot be effectively done without first characterizing the broad nature of the non-point source pollution. To this end, we investigated the hydrochemical setting of Lake Taihu to determine how different land use types influence the variability of surface water chemistry in different water sources to the lake. We found that waters broadly show wide variability ranging from calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate hydrochemical facies type to mixed sodium-sulfate-chloride type. Principal components analysis produced three principal components that explained 78% of the variance in the water quality and reflect three major types of water
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Víctor Olano
1997-12-01
Full Text Available In recent years, the number of cases of urban malaria in Buenaventura, Colombia, has increased, rising from 576 in 1987 to 3296 in 1991 and 2017 in 1992. For this reason, an epidemiologic study to identify malaria transmission patterns was carried out in this municipality on Colombias Pacific coast. This article describes the entomologic findings regarding the vectors, their breeding sites, and the behavior of Anopheles species during the period from June 1993 to May 1994. Of the 469 potential breeding sites identified in the urban area, 28 were positive for anophelines, while in neighboring zones 20 out of 80 potential breeding sites were positive for the immature forms of these mosquitoes. Mining excavations, lakes, and commercial fish and crayfish rearing ponds were the places where A. albimanus was most frequently found. For A. nuñeztovari, the breeding sites were rain puddles and aquiculture ponds. A. neivai larvae were collected from bromeliads. Mosquitoes were collected both inside and outside houses, and 90% of the collected mosquitoes were identified as A. albimanus. Of the female A. albimanus, 54.8% were parous. This species was found to have peak peridomiciliary activity between 6 p.m. and 10 p.m. The highest biting rate outside houses was 7.1 bites per person-hour and was observed during March. It is hoped that this entomologic information will permit the launching of a strong community participation process and the implementation of control measures that are guided by these results.En los últimos años, el número de casos de malaria urbana en Buenaventura, Colombia, ha aumentado de 576 en 1987 a 3296 en 1991 y 2017 en 1992, por lo que se desarrolló un estudio epidemiológico para identificar patrones de transmisión de la malaria en este municipio del litoral pacífico colombiano. Se describen los hallazgos entomológicos en relación con los vectores, los criaderos y el comportamiento de las especies de Anopheles durante el
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Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Everaldo R. Porto
2006-03-01
Full Text Available Com o objetivo de avaliar a influência no rendimento da erva-sal (Atriplex nummularia e em algumas características do solo, quando irrigada com efluentes da criação de tilápia (Oreochromis sp. em rejeito da dessalinização de água salobra no semi-árido brasileiro, a erva-sal foi irrigada durante um ano com quatro volumes de efluentes na Embrapa Semi-Árido, em Petrolina, PE, cuja salinidade média foi, de 8,29 dS m-1. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso com quatro tratamentos e três repetições. Os tratamentos T1, T2, T3 e T4 correspondem, respectivamente, aos volumes de efluentes aplicados semanalmente, de 75, 150, 225 e 300 L planta-1 . A salinidade média do solo na profundidade 0 - 90 cm foi de 0,40 dS m-1, antes de serem iniciadas as irrigações. Após a colheita, respectivamente para os tratamentos T1, T2, T3 e T4, as salinidades médias dos perfis de solo na mesma profundidade (0 - 90 cm foram de 8,02, 6,09, 4,97 e 4,60 dS m-1 e os rendimentos de matéria seca da erva-sal, de 9,75, 12,26, 14,49 e 13,81 t ha-1. O maior rendimento de matéria seca por litro de efluente aplicado foi para o tratamento T1, com 4,84 g L-1 que apresentou, também, a melhor relação entrada/saída de sal, removendo 13,84% do total de sal incorporado ao solo.Looking forward to reduce environmental impacts resulting from desalinization of brackish water in the region of the crystalline rocks in the semi-arid Brazil, saltbush (Atriplex nummularia was cultivated during one year with four different volumes of aquiculture effluent generated from an intensive tilapia (Oreochromis sp raising system, with a mean salinity of 8.29 dS m-1, in an experimental field of Embrapa Semi-Arid. A completely randomized block design, with four treatments and three replications was used. The treatments T1, T2, T3 and T4 corresponded, respectively, to the weekly volumes of irrigation of 75, 150, 225 and 300 L of water per plant. The mean soil salinity of the