Mergers, Strategic Investments and Antitrust Policy

OpenAIRE

Deneffe, Daniel; Wakker, Peter

1996-01-01

textabstractEstablished firms can diversify into new markets in two distinct modes: through internal development or through conglomerate merger. Building on a dynamic three-stage bargaining model with variable threats, this paper shows that a lenient antitrust position toward horizontal mergers can induce established firms that would otherwise not have entered to enter via conglomerate merger. The vigor of antitrust enforcement toward horizontal mergers also affects the conglomerate acquisiti...

Antitrust issues and the restructuring of the power industry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Moritz, T.F.

1999-01-01

Because of extensive federal oversight and state regulation of the utility area, few antitrust cases have been brought concerning the electric power industry. The limited prior case law that exists in this area nonetheless provides valuable guidance regarding how the antitrust laws will protect consumers and, therefore, competition in the electric power industry. This article will discuss the primary antitrust doctrines likely to be utilized to protect competition in this industry

38 CFR 1.902 - Antitrust, fraud, and tax and interagency claims.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... of the antitrust laws or to any debt involving fraud, the presentation of a false claim, or... whole or in part on conduct in violation of the antitrust laws or any claim involving fraud, the... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Antitrust, fraud, and tax...

International Antitrust and the WTO: The Lesson from Intellectual Property

OpenAIRE

Guzman, Andrew T.

2000-01-01

International antitrust issues have become important in current debates regarding international trade and international regulation. This Article addresses one of the central questions about international antitrust – the appropriate forum for negotiations. The Article argues that the combination of domestic antitrust policy and international trade makes a substantive multilateral agreement unlikely unless transfers are made from states that gain from such a deal to those that lose. The Artic...

41 CFR 102-75.270 - Must antitrust laws be considered when disposing of property?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Must antitrust laws be...-REAL PROPERTY DISPOSAL Surplus Real Property Disposal Applicability of Antitrust Laws § 102-75.270 Must antitrust laws be considered when disposing of property? Yes, antitrust laws must be considered in any case...

26 CFR 1.186-1 - Recoveries of damages for antitrust violations, etc.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

...) Injury suffered under certain antitrust law violations. An injury sustained in business, or to property, by reason of any conduct forbidden in the antitrust laws for which a civil action may be brought... 26 Internal Revenue 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Recoveries of damages for antitrust violations...

The Middle Way on Applying Antitrust to Information Technology

OpenAIRE

David Evans

2009-01-01

Antitrust analysis ought to account for special features of ITâ۠just like it ought to account for special features of any industry under consideration. But there’s no particular reason to focus additional antitrust resources on this sector.

26 CFR 1.162-22 - Treble damage payments under the antitrust laws.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Treble damage payments under the antitrust laws... Corporations § 1.162-22 Treble damage payments under the antitrust laws. (a) In general. In the case of a... Federal antitrust laws or enters a plea of guilty or nolo contendere to an indictment or information...

Parallel Federal/State Antitrust Investigations

OpenAIRE

Stephen Houck

2012-01-01

Those matters in which both federal and state antitrust authorities do take an interest usually have significant impacts across state lines and even international borders. Stephen D. Houck (Menaker & Herrmann LLP)

31 CFR 900.3 - Antitrust, fraud, and tax and interagency claims excluded.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... activity do not apply to any debt based in whole or in part on conduct in violation of the antitrust laws... in whole or in part on conduct in violation of the antitrust laws or any claim involving fraud, the... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Antitrust, fraud, and tax and...

Credit Suisse , Regulatory Immunity, and the Shrinking Scope of Antitrust

OpenAIRE

Keith Sharfman

2007-01-01

Credit Suisse has important implications for antitrust practice. The decision’s effect is to narrow the scope of antitrust law and to invite efforts by regulated industries to narrow it still further.

Lectures on Antitrust Economics, Chapter 2: Price Fixing

OpenAIRE

Whinston, Michael D.

2003-01-01

In this chapter, we begin our discussion of antitrust economics by considering what many consider its most central element: its ban on "price fixing" - that is, agreements among competitors over the prices they will charge or the outputs they will produce. Indeed, the prohibition on price fixing is one area of antitrust law that even those generally skeptical of governmental compe- tition policy typically regard approvingly. Nevertheless, despite its current uncontroversial status, we shall s...

Essays in antitrust economics

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Verouden, V.C.H.M.

2001-01-01

Competition law - or antitrust law, as it is called in the United States - is a field of law to which economic concepts, such as "restriction of competition" and "anti-competitive effect", are of central importance. This thesis analyses a number of such concepts, both from an economic and a legal

Antitrust Enforcement and Marginal Deterrence

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Houba, H.E.D.; Motchenkova, E.; Wen, Q.

2011-01-01

Abstract: We study antitrust enforcement in which the fine must obey four legal principles: punishments should fit the crime, proportionality, bankruptcy considerations, and minimum fines. We integrate these legal principles into an infinitely-repeated oligopoly model. Bankruptcy considerations

Competition And Antitrust Law In Ecuadorian Constitution

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcelo Marín Sevilla

2013-01-01

Full Text Available This work allows us to establish the Economic Constitution and the Competition Law (C.L in the Constitution. Additionally, the paper analyzes whether the rules outlined in the C. L. and in doctrine are consistent and appropriate with the Constitution of Ecuador. The Competition and Antitrust Laws has rules for investigating and punishing the cartels, the abuses of power market (dominant position, the rules for merger control, the behaviors of Abuse of economic dependence, and unfair competition behaviors. Always the Antitrust Authority will analyze these behaviors in terms of welfare of both: the consumer and the market.

Analysis of antitrust activity in the coal industry: 1964-1974

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hinson, W.R.

1975-01-01

Antitrust activity in the coal industry from 1964 to 1974 is studied for two major areas: 1) acquisitions and mergers, which involve the structure of the industry; and 2) price fixing, bid rigging, and customer allocations, which deal with the behavior of the industry. The government is criticized for the lack of antitrust activity during this time period. Offences of the antitrust laws by suppliers of fuel could have a chain-reaction effect on all commodity prices, because artificially high fuel prices could force other industries to increase their prices. Several recommendations are made: 1) a special section in both the Justice Department and the Federal Trade Commission should be established to handle violations of the antitrust laws occurring in the ''energy market''; 2) nolo contendere pleas and other forms of a consent settlement should be denied as an option for any energy concern accused of transgressing the antitrust laws; 3) all known coal reserves in the U.S. should be rationalized and placed under the supervision of the Federal Energy Administration; 4) a National reporting system for the ownership of coal reserves should be established; and 5) public regulatory commissions should be encouraged to order electric utilities to file private suits when anti-competitive conduct is suspected by coal suppliers. (26 references) (BYB)

Power Markets Shaped by Antitrust

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Sadowska, M.; Willems, Bert

2012-01-01

Abstract: In November 2011 Sweden abolished the uniform national electricity price and introduced separate price zones. This was the result of an antitrust settlement between the Commission and the Swedish network operator, which was accused of discriminating between domestic and export electricity

28 CFR 16.88 - Exemption of Antitrust Division Systems-limited access.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... investigation. Disclosure of the accounting would therefore present a serious impediment to antitrust law... of accounting would therefore present a serious impediment to antitrust law enforcement efforts. (2... accounting of disclosures made under subsection (b) of the Act would permit the subject of an investigation...

Joint Research and Development under US Antitrust and EU Competition Law

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lundqvist, Björn

This fascinating new book dissects, from a Competition law perspective, how Research and Development collaborations operate under both US and EU antitrust law. Analyzing the evolution of this innovation landscape from the 1970s to the present day, Blomqvist details the modifications and amendments...... made over this time to the relevant legal acts and guidelines. In doing to, the author picks up on the slow shift that has taken place in both the antitrust laws of the USA and the Competition Rules of the EU. The book concludes by discussing the necessity for a stringent attitude towards the antitrust...

10 CFR 1015.103 - Antitrust, fraud, tax, interagency, transportation account audit, acquisition contract, and...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... part on conduct in violation of the antitrust laws or to any debt involving fraud, the presentation of... whole or in part on conduct in violation of the antitrust laws or any claim involving fraud, the... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Antitrust, fraud, tax, interagency, transportation account...

Antitrust concerns in the modern public utility environment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Meeks, J.E.

1996-04-01

Direct regulation of public utility activity and behavior has been the predominant approach to protect the public interest in this country. Changes in technology, as well as new thinking about the optimum role of regulation, have created a changing atmosphere in all of the traditional public utility industries. Competitive markets for many of the products and services in these industries have been developing. While monopoly power will continue to exist in certain parts of these industries and require direct regulation, in many areas a growing reliance upon competition as the best method of serving the public interest is developing. With this shift in emphasis from regulation to free markets, the antitrust laws take on new importance for these industries. In the absence of direct regulator control, those laws are society's primary method of insuring the markets necessary to make competition an effective device for protecting the public interest. This study provides an overview of the antitrust laws, briefly describes the applicable theoretical underpinnings, and then turns to areas where public utility activity may pose special problems or conflicts with prevailing antitrust policy

Antitrust concerns in the modern public utility environment

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Meeks, J.E. [Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States). Coll. of Law

1996-04-01

Direct regulation of public utility activity and behavior has been the predominant approach to protect the public interest in this country. Changes in technology, as well as new thinking about the optimum role of regulation, have created a changing atmosphere in all of the traditional public utility industries. Competitive markets for many of the products and services in these industries have been developing. While monopoly power will continue to exist in certain parts of these industries and require direct regulation, in many areas a growing reliance upon competition as the best method of serving the public interest is developing. With this shift in emphasis from regulation to free markets, the antitrust laws take on new importance for these industries. In the absence of direct regulator control, those laws are society`s primary method of insuring the markets necessary to make competition an effective device for protecting the public interest. This study provides an overview of the antitrust laws, briefly describes the applicable theoretical underpinnings, and then turns to areas where public utility activity may pose special problems or conflicts with prevailing antitrust policy.

THE RELEVANT TEMPORAL MARKET DEFINITION IN ANTITRUST ANALYSIS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anzhelika Gerasymenko

2018-01-01

Full Text Available The purpose of the paper is to compare various theoretical approaches to the relevant temporal market definition, collecting the arguments for their implementation under the different kinds of antitrust cases. It is vital for the markets with peak demand (transport, electricity, markets of intergenerational products or discreet supply (agriculture. Methodology. The survey is based on the theoretical and graphical modelling of product space perception by consumers. It investigates changes of the latter under different marketing strategies of a seller. Statistical methods are used to analyse trends of demand and prices for iPhones’ changes, as well as dynamics of electricity consumption. Results. The paper reveals two facing approaches to the definition of relevant temporal market: 1 the discrete one that provides a short-run analysis of products’ substitutability and combines only those time periods that are characterized by a stable balance of demand and supply, as well as stable market equilibrium; 2 the coherent one that provides a long-run analysis of cyclical variation of the market. This cycling is based on the awareness of consumers and producers of intertemporal substitutability of products. The authors use the model of intertemporal competition to explain principles of these approaches and apply it to the iPhone market analysis. They conclude that the coherent approach must be applied to the temporal market definition for the products with elastic demand. Inelastic demand brings the necessity to apply the discrete approach to the temporal market definition. These conclusions cannot be applied to regulated markets. The system of government regulation is the main determinant of the temporal boundaries of such markets. Practical implications. The results of this research can be used by competition agencies in antitrust cases to define the relevant temporal market, where the violations of antitrust legislation can occur. The correct

Mergers, Strategic Investments and Antitrust Policy

NARCIS (Netherlands)

D. Deneffe (Daniel); P.P. Wakker (Peter)

1996-01-01

textabstractEstablished firms can diversify into new markets in two distinct modes: through internal development or through conglomerate merger. Building on a dynamic three-stage bargaining model with variable threats, this paper shows that a lenient antitrust position toward horizontal mergers can

15 CFR 1160.4 - Antitrust considerations.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Antitrust considerations. 1160.4 Section 1160.4 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) TECHNOLOGY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE PRODUCTIVITY, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION Promotion of...

How Federal Antitrust Principles Would Impact the Insurance Ratemaking Function

OpenAIRE

Youssef I. Kouatly; Iskander S. Hamwi

1992-01-01

This study focuses on basic federal antitrust principles and their potential impact on property and liability insurance ratemaking. The authors believe that, in view of the growing debate around the issue of repeal or amendment of the McCarran Act, it has become necessary to focus more fully on the impact of such a potential change in the antitrust exemption accorded the business of insurance under the Act. In addition to ratemaking technicalities, state legislatures and regulators should be ...

Recent developments in national antitrust practice and case law: January 2012 – May 2013

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mario Siragusa

2014-03-01

Full Text Available In the period under review, the Italian Competition Authority and administrative courts analyzed many important cases in different economic sectors. Some of the these cases raised extremely complex legal and economic issues. The analysis of decision practice and case law highlights some critical aspects of recent antitrust enforcement, namely: (i the need to strengthen the fight against cartels; (ii the need to refine the tools used in merger analysis, also through the use of modern econometric methods; (iii the need to enhance the role of economic analysis in the assessment of unilateral exclusionary conduct, in line with the Commission’s Guidance on Article 102 TFEU; and (iv the need to find a better balance between competition rules and sector-specific regulation, so as to avoid overlapping and inconsistencies. A further critical issue is the need to reinforce the protection of the rights of defense. In order to improve the current administrative enforcement system, it is necessary to enhance the procedural guarantees and to remove the limits on judicial review of antitrust decisions, thus enabling administrative courts to review fully, in fact and in law, any aspect of the ICA’s finding of infringement, and to pronounce also on the merits of the case.

41 CFR 105-55.003 - Antitrust, fraud, tax, interagency claims, and claims over $100,000 excluded.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... apply to any debt based in whole or in part on conduct in violation of the antitrust laws or to any debt... antitrust laws or any claim involving fraud, the presentation of a false claim, or misrepresentation on the... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Antitrust, fraud, tax...

45 CFR 30.3 - Antitrust, fraud, exception in the account of an accountable official, and interagency claims...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... of antitrust laws, or to any debt involving fraud, presentation of a false claim, or... violation or fraud, a false claim, misrepresentation, or other criminal activity or misconduct, the Secretary shall refer the debt to the Office of the Inspector General for review. (3) Upon the determination...

The European Commission Proposal for a Directive on Antitrust Damages: A First Assessment

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Cauffman, C.

2013-01-01

On 11 June 2013 the European Commission adopted a package of instruments to facilitate damages claims by victims of antitrust damages. The main element of the package is a proposal for a directive on antitrust damages. The aim of this article is to give an overview of the content of the proposed

Sharing, samples, and generics: an antitrust framework.

Science.gov (United States)

Carrier, Michael A

Rising drug prices are in the news. By increasing price, drug companies have placed vital, even life-saving, medicines out of the reach of consumers. In a recent development, brand firms have prevented generics even from entering the market. The ruse for this strategy involves risk-management programs known as Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies ("REMS"). Pursuant to legislation enacted in 2007, the FDA requires REMS when a drug's risks (such as death or injury) outweigh its rewards. Brands have used this regime, intended to bring drugs to the market, to block generic competition. Regulations such as the federal Hatch-Waxman Act and state substitution laws foster widespread generic competition. But these regimes can only be effectuated through generic entry. And that entry can take place only if a generic can use a brand's sample to show that its product is equivalent. More than 100 generic firms have complained that they have not been able to access needed samples. One study of 40 drugs subject to restricted access programs found that generics' inability to enter cost more than $5 billion a year. Brand firms have contended that antitrust law does not compel them to deal with their competitors and have highlighted concerns related to safety and product liability in justifying their refusals. This Article rebuts these claims. It highlights the importance of samples in the regulatory regime and the FDA's inability to address the issue. It shows how a sharing requirement in this setting is consistent with Supreme Court caselaw. And it demonstrates that the brands' behavior fails the defendant-friendly "no economic sense" test because the conduct literally makes no sense other than by harming generics. Brands' denial of samples offers a textbook case of monopolization. In the universe of pharmaceutical antitrust behavior, other conduct--such as "pay for delay" settlements between brands and generics and "product hopping" from one drug to a slightly modified

Understanding Antitrust Laws, Competition, the Economy, and Their Impact on Our Everyday Lives

Science.gov (United States)

Hawke, Catherine, Ed.; Middleton, Tiffany Willey, Ed.

2011-01-01

This article presents an interview with Edward Biester, an attorney and a member of the ABA Section of Antitrust Law, who recently led the Section's initiative to develop a curriculum for high school students. In this interview, Biester discusses the history of American antitrust laws, looks at some of the contemporary issues, and highlights the…

The roles of antitrust law and regulatory oversight in the restructured electricity industry

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Glazer, C.A.; Little, M.B.

1999-05-01

The introduction of retail wheeling is changing the roles of regulators and the courts. When states unbundle the vertically integrated investor-owned utility (IOU) into generation companies, transmission companies, and distribution companies, antitrust enforcement and policy setting by the state public utility/service commissions (PUCs) will be paramount. As was seen in the deregulation of the airline industry, vigorous enforcement of antitrust laws by the courts and proper policy setting by the regulators are the keys to a successful competitive market. Many of the problems raised in the airline deregulation movement came about due to laxity in correcting clear antitrust violations and anti-competitive conditions before they caused damage to the market. As retail wheeling rolls out, it is critical for state PUCs to become attuned to these issues and, most of all, to have staff trained in these disciplines. The advent of retail wheeling changes the application of the State Action Doctrine and, in turn, may dramatically alter the role of the state PUC--meaning antitrust law and regulatory oversight must step in to protect competitors and consumers from monopolistic abuse.

Analysis of antitrust activity in the coal industry: 1964--1974

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hinson, W.R.

1974-01-01

During this period antitrust activity by the government in the coal industry was of a token nature and did not prevent (1) large investments in coal and uranium by large oil companies, nor (2) concentration with industry by large companies buying out small companies. A major result was the buying up of coal reserves, which were thus unavailable to small companies and hindered them from competing. Neither the government nor public utility companies did much to deter these developments and the results of the few court suits that were brought were not effective in discouraging the process. In fact, the widespread acceptance of nolo contendere pleas by the judicial system could make it profitable for a coal company to violate the antitrust laws. Several recommendations are made: (1) for more vigorous antitrust activity (with nonacceptance of nolo contendere pleas); (2) nationalisation of coal reserves (with bidding for reserves to be mined by competing companies); (3) a reporting system for ownership of coal reserves; and (4) encouragement of electric utilities to file private suit when anticompetitive behavior is suspected. (LTN)

48 CFR 245.7310-8 - Antitrust clearance.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE CONTRACT MANAGEMENT GOVERNMENT PROPERTY Sale of Surplus Contractor Inventory 245.7310-8... acceptance of its bid. Award shall be made only upon advice from the Department of Justice that the proposed sale would not create or maintain a situation inconsistent with the antitrust laws. ...

Incorporating health care quality into health antitrust law

Science.gov (United States)

2008-01-01

Background Antitrust authorities treat price as a proxy for hospital quality since health care quality is difficult to observe. As the ability to measure quality improved, more research became necessary to investigate the relationship between hospital market power and patient outcomes. This paper examines the impact of hospital competition on the quality of care as measured by the risk-adjusted mortality rates with the hospital as the unit of analysis. The study separately examines the effect of competition on non-profit hospitals. Methods We use California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (OSHPD) data from 1997 through 2002. Empirical model is a cross-sectional study of 373 hospitals. Regression analysis is used to estimate the relationship between Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) risk-adjusted mortality rates and hospital competition. Results Regression results show lower risk-adjusted mortality rates in the presence of a more competitive environment. This result holds for all alternative hospital market definitions. Non-profit hospitals do not have better patient outcomes than investor-owned hospitals. However, they tend to provide better quality in less competitive environments. CABG volume did not have a significant effect on patient outcomes. Conclusion Quality should be incorporated into the antitrust analysis. When mergers lead to higher prices and lower quality, thus lower social welfare, the antitrust challenge of hospital mergers is warranted. The impact of lower hospital competition on quality of care delivered by non-profit hospitals is ambiguous. PMID:18430219

Incorporating health care quality into health antitrust law

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Schneider Helen

2008-04-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Antitrust authorities treat price as a proxy for hospital quality since health care quality is difficult to observe. As the ability to measure quality improved, more research became necessary to investigate the relationship between hospital market power and patient outcomes. This paper examines the impact of hospital competition on the quality of care as measured by the risk-adjusted mortality rates with the hospital as the unit of analysis. The study separately examines the effect of competition on non-profit hospitals. Methods We use California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (OSHPD data from 1997 through 2002. Empirical model is a cross-sectional study of 373 hospitals. Regression analysis is used to estimate the relationship between Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG risk-adjusted mortality rates and hospital competition. Results Regression results show lower risk-adjusted mortality rates in the presence of a more competitive environment. This result holds for all alternative hospital market definitions. Non-profit hospitals do not have better patient outcomes than investor-owned hospitals. However, they tend to provide better quality in less competitive environments. CABG volume did not have a significant effect on patient outcomes. Conclusion Quality should be incorporated into the antitrust analysis. When mergers lead to higher prices and lower quality, thus lower social welfare, the antitrust challenge of hospital mergers is warranted. The impact of lower hospital competition on quality of care delivered by non-profit hospitals is ambiguous.

Antitrust rules and Intellectual Property Rights in the EU and the US – Towards convergence?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mario Todino

2014-07-01

Full Text Available In light of the exponential increase of the number of investigations raising the issue of how to reconcile competition rules and Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs, it is now clear that the area of Antitrust/IP intersection is becoming the battleground of antitrust enforcers around the Globe. In some areas inherently prone to market power accumulation, antitrust rules tend to clash with IPRs and prevail over the latter, for the intensity in the application of competition rules increasingly depends on the strength of the IPRs at stake, as well as on the sector involved. Information Communication Technology and Pharmaceuticals are the sectors most affected by this trend, as they both display specific market features calling for intensive antitrust scrutiny. Surprisingly enough, in these areas the EU and the US agencies are heading towards convergence, in light of the decisions taken in cases such as the judicial injunctions sought by FRAND-pledged SEPs holders and the reverse settlements in the Pharma sector. The purpose of this article is to show that in those areas more exposed to tension between antitrust and IP rules, there is an increasing level of convergence between the US and the EU. In particular, it is submitted that, like in the EU, the US is departing from the traditional symmetry principle under which antitrust rules are applied to IPRs exactly the same way as other property rights. In this new framework, inconsistency is more likely to come from the enforcement activity of NCAs across Europe.

An analysis of physician antitrust exemption legislation: adjusting the balance of power.

Science.gov (United States)

Hellinger, F J; Young, G J

2001-07-04

Current antitrust law restricts physicians from joining together to collectively negotiate. However, such activities may be approved by state laws under the so-called state action immunity doctrine and by federal legislation under an explicit antitrust exemption. In 1999, Texas became the first state to pass physician antitrust exemption legislation allowing physicians, under certain defined circumstances, to collectively negotiate fees with health plans. Last year, similar legislation was introduced in the US Congress, in 18 state legislatures, and in the District of Columbia. This legislation was passed only in the District of Columbia where its implementation was blocked by the city's financial control board. Nonetheless, legislation permitting physicians to collectively negotiate fees with managed care plans has been introduced in 10 state legislatures this year, and there is continued interest in introducing similar legislation in the US Congress. This analysis examines the basic features of this legislation and its potential impact on the balance of power between physicians and managed care plans.

Addressing Pricing Power in Integrated Delivery: The Limits of Antitrust.

Science.gov (United States)

Berenson, Robert

2015-08-01

Prices are the major driver of why the United States spends so much more on health care than other countries do. The pricing power that hospitals have garnered recently has resulted from consolidated delivery systems and concentrated markets, leading to enhanced negotiating leverage. But consolidation may be the wrong frame for viewing the problem of high and highly variable prices; many "must-have" hospitals achieve their pricing power from sources other than consolidation, for example, reputation. Further, the frame of consolidation leads to unrealistic expectations for what antitrust's role in addressing pricing power should be, especially because in the wake of two periods of merger "manias" and "frenzies" many markets already lack effective competition. It is particularly challenging for antitrust to address extant monopolies lawfully attained. New payment and delivery models being pioneered in Medicare, especially those built around accountable care organizations (ACOs), offer an opportunity to reduce pricing power, but only if they are implemented with a clear eye on the impact on prices in commercial insurance markets. This article proposes approaches that public and private payers should consider to complement the role of antitrust to assure that ACOs will actually help control costs in commercial markets as well as in Medicare and Medicaid. Copyright © 2015 by Duke University Press.

48 CFR 3.303 - Reporting suspected antitrust violations.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... suspect. Paragraph (c) below identifies behavior patterns that are often associated with antitrust... offers; (2) A sudden change from competitive bidding to identical bidding; (3) Simultaneous price... turn in sequence as low bidder, or so that certain competitors bid low only on some sizes of contracts...

The Intersection of Advertising and Antitrust in New Zealand

OpenAIRE

Andrew Matthews; Gus Stewart

2014-01-01

The enforcement fusion of (some) advertising and antitrust law, coupled with other advertising law, provide a powerful toolkit for New Zealand’s regulator and competitors alike. Andrew Matthews & Gus Stewart (Matthews Law)

28 CFR 48.7 - Report of the Assistant Attorney General in Charge of the Antitrust Division.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Report of the Assistant Attorney General... (CONTINUED) NEWSPAPER PRESERVATION ACT § 48.7 Report of the Assistant Attorney General in Charge of the Antitrust Division. (a) The Assistant Attorney General in charge of the Antitrust Division shall, not later...

Antitrust implications of utility participation in the market for remote photovoltaic systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Starrs, T.J.

1994-01-01

Remote photovoltaic systems are an important niche market in the development of a viable photovoltaics industry. Electric utilities in the US have started offering remote photovoltaic service. Utilities have the potential to use their monopoly power in regulated markets to unfair competitive advantage in competitive markets. Therefore, utility participation in remote photovoltaic markets raises potentially significant issues of antitrust law and policy. This paper describes some of the legal and factual criteria that US courts and regulatory agencies are likely to use in assessing the antitrust implications of utility participation in the market for remote photovoltaic systems

ANTITRUST REGULATION IN TERMS OF ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT CHLOR-ALKALI INDUSTRY

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

N. N. Grinyov

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The article reveals the problems of antitrust regulation activities of processing enterprises. The necessity of improving the activity of enforcement to prevent the emergence of monopolistic market structures chlor-alkali industry.

An economic analysis of leniency programs in antitrust law

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Hinloopen, J.

2003-01-01

Within a dynamic market environment the forces that drive the effectiveness of leniency programs in antitrust law are analyzed. This effectiveness unambigously is enhanced by (i) increasing the reduction in fine payments in return for reporting a cartel, and (ii) increasing the expected per-period

Sequential Versus Simultaneous Market Delineation: The Relevant Antitrust Market for Salmon

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Haldrup, Niels; Peter, Møllgaard

Delineation of the relevant market forms a pivotal part of most antitrust cases. The standard approach is sequential. First the product market is delineated, then the geographical market is defined. Demand andsupply substitution in both the product dimension and the geographical dimension will no...... and geographical markets. Using a unique data set for prices of Norwegian and Scottish salmon, we propose a methodology for simultaneous market delineation and we demonstrate that compared to a sequential approach conclusions will be reversed.......Delineation of the relevant market forms a pivotal part of most antitrust cases. The standard approach is sequential. First the product market is delineated, then the geographical market is defined. Demand andsupply substitution in both the product dimension and the geographical dimension...

28 CFR Appendix to Subpart B of... - Redelegation of Authority to the Deputy Assistant Attorney General for Litigation, Antitrust...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... Assistant Attorney General for Litigation, Antitrust Division, To Authorize Production or Disclosure of... Assistant Attorney General for Litigation, Antitrust Division, To Authorize Production or Disclosure of... described in 28 CFR 16.21(a) is hereby redelegated to the Deputy Assistant Attorney General for Litigation...

Competition And Antitrust Law In Ecuadorian Constitution

OpenAIRE

Marcelo Marín Sevilla

2013-01-01

This work allows us to establish the Economic Constitution and the Competition Law (C.L) in the Constitution. Additionally, the paper analyzes whether the rules outlined in the C. L. and in doctrine are consistent and appropriate with the Constitution of Ecuador. The Competition and Antitrust Laws has rules for investigating and punishing the cartels, the abuses of power market (dominant position), the rules for merger control, the behaviors of Abuse of economic dependence, and unfair competi...

Antitrust Enforcement Under Endogenous Fines and Price-Dependent Detection Probabilities

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Houba, H.E.D.; Motchenkova, E.; Wen, Q.

2010-01-01

We analyze the effectiveness of antitrust regulation in a repeated oligopoly model in which both fines and detection probabilities depend on the cartel price. Such fines are closer to actual guidelines than the commonly assumed fixed fines. Under a constant detection probability, we confirm the

European Union Antitrust Enforcement against Cartels – Priorities in the Context of Globalisation of Business and Economic Crisis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Iordache Lucia

2014-07-01

Full Text Available In the context of globalisation and EU member states’ efforts to overcome the difficulties of the economic crisis, realising the full potential of the Single Market is the main component of a credible plan for higher and sustainable growth in the EU. Competition policy is the central pillar of the Single Market. A strong antitrust enforcement, especially fighting cartels and preventing the creation of new ones, is at the core of open and fair pan-European markets, higher productivity and growth across Europe. This article summarizes the activities of the European Commission for the investigation and sanctioning of companies involved in cartels, focusing on the effectiveness of preventive policy of the Commission in antitrust enforcement, reflected in particular by the evolution of the fines imposed in cartel cases. The analysis outlines how antitrust policy contributes to strengthening the single market and the EU economic growth and examines the challenges for the implementation of antitrust policy caused by the changes in the dynamics and complexity of the economic environment, at the national and international level.

Institutional Aspects of European Commission Guidance in the Area of Antitrust Law

OpenAIRE

Ben Smulders

2009-01-01

From an institutional law perspective, the question arises how to qualify the more than thirty existing communications, notices and guidelines which the Commission has issued in the area of antitrust law.

European antitrust policy 1957-2004: an analysis of Commission decisions

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Carree, M.; Günster, A.; Schinkel, M.P.

2010-01-01

This paper provides a survey of European antitrust law enforcement since its foundation in the Treaty of Rome of 1957 up to and including 2004. We present a complete overview and statistical analysis of all 538 formal Commission decisions under Articles 81, 82, and 86 of the European Community

European antitrust policy 1957-2004: An analysis of Commission decisions

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Carree, M.; Günster, A.; Schinkel, M.P.

2008-01-01

This paper provides a survey of European antitrust law enforcement since its foundation in the Treaty of Rome of 1957. We present a complete overview and statistical analysis of all 538 formal Commission decisions adopted up to 2004 under Articles 81, 82 and 86 of the European Community Treaty. We

ECONOMIC AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE PLANNED DAMAGES ACTIONS FOR THE BREACHES OF EC ANTITRUST LAW

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elena Isac

2010-09-01

Full Text Available This paper investigates the planned damages actions for breaches of EC antitrust law in order to assess their impact on consumer welfare. It first examines the current legal situation and concurs that the European Union needs to regulate damages actions for breaches of EC antitrust law so that a higher number of consumers could be compensated for their losses. This paper then discusses the main legal provisions proposed by the Commission in the Green and in the White paper on damages actions for breaches of EC antitrust law. The analysis of these proposed legal provisions is done using arguments specific to the economic analysis of law. It is demonstrated that most of these proposed legal provisions will enhance consumer welfare but that there are also proposed legal provisions which will damage consumer welfare. The paper concludes that the planned damages actions for breaches of the EC law will be an improvement compared to the current situation. However, the Commission should amend some of the proposed legal provisions in order to help consumers further.

Concetto di mercato e antitrust (The concept of the market and antitrust

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

P. Sabbatini

2013-10-01

Full Text Available In order for the concept of the market to play a significant and non-contradictory role in economic (and antitrust analysis, two conditions must be fulfilled. First, the characteristics of demand must be such as to demarcate a market unequivocally. Second, the competition in a specific market must have limited interaction with the rest of the economy. In general, these conditions cannot be met. First, the non-constancy of the elasticity of the demand function means that the size of the market depends on its structure and on the behaviour of its agents. Second, given differentiated products, the competitive relations between them will be heterogeneous, giving rise to as many market segments as there are individual products. Third, supply-side substitutability, i.e. the possibility of using a given technique to produce several products (not all in the same market ensures that intra-industry economic dynamics prevail over intra-market ones. Finally, multi-market contacts between firms generate overall strategic conduct, making analysis of any particular market irrelevant.  JEL Codes: K21, L40 

76 FR 21894 - Proposed Statement of Antitrust Enforcement Policy Regarding Accountable Care Organizations...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-04-19

... contractual clauses or provisions 2. Tying sales (either explicitly or implicitly through pricing policies) of... Enforcement Policy Regarding Accountable Care Organizations Participating in the Medicare Shared Savings... (the ``Agencies'') are proposing an enforcement policy regarding the application of the antitrust laws...

76 FR 67025 - Statement of Antitrust Enforcement Policy Regarding Accountable Care Organizations Participating...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-10-28

... that will assist the Agencies in monitoring the competitive effects of ACOs. Specifically, CMS will... Collaborations Among Competitors,\\11\\ will be evaluated under the Agencies' Horizontal Merger Guidelines.\\12\\ The... & Fed. Trade Comm'n, Antitrust Guidelines for Collaborations Among Competitors 1.1 (2000) [hereinafter...

Discovering Cartels: Dynamic Interrelationships between Civil and Criminal Antitrust Investigations

OpenAIRE

Ghosal, Vivek

2006-01-01

This paper focuses on the genesis, taxonomy and timeline of U.S. criminal antitrust investigations, and uses time-series data on enforcement to examine the interrelationships between the various criminal enforcement variables as well as the linkages between criminal and civil enforcement. The key findings are: (1) there appears to be considerable dynamic interplay between the criminal variables. For example, an increase in grand jury investigations or criminal cases initiated or the number of...

Why (and How) Fairness Matters at the IP/Antitrust Interface

OpenAIRE

Farber, Daniel A.; McDonnell, Brett

2003-01-01

This Article questions the widespread scholarly view that maximizing economic efficiency should be the sole goal of the intellectual property and antitrust laws. We propose that the law should also encourage a fair division of the economic surplus, at least by considering it as a tiebreaker when the dictates of economic efficiency are ambiguous or controversial. We begin by surveying some challenges that have been made to the theoretical underpinnings of exclusive reliance on economi...

Private regulation to appropriate value from design innovations : Implications for anti-trust policy

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Gemser, G.; Jacobs, D.

2002-01-01

Co-operative ventures among rivals are looked upon in general with suspicion by antitrust authorities. In this paper, we position ourselves in the school of thought that evaluates collusive behavior among rivals with the Schumpeterian concept of dynamic competition in mind rather than the concept of

Sharing Powers Within Exclusive Competences: Rethinking EU Antitrust Law Enforcement

OpenAIRE

Van Cleynenbreugel, Pieter

2016-01-01

Although the establishment of competition rules forms part of the EU’s exclusive competences, the application and enforcement of those rules has always been shared consistently between the EU and its Member States.The sharing of enforcement powers is conceptualised traditionally as a delegation of the exercise of exclusively conferred competences. The Court of Justice of the European Union’s case law in the context of EU antitrust law enforcement nevertheless raises profound questions as to t...

Beyond Antitrust: Health Care And Health Insurance Market Trends And The Future Of Competition.

Science.gov (United States)

Glied, Sherry A; Altman, Stuart H

2017-09-01

The United States relies on competition to balance costs and quality in the health care system. But concentration is increasing throughout the hospital, physician, and insurer markets. Midsize community hospitals face declining demand and growing competition from both larger hospitals and smaller freestanding diagnostic and surgical centers, leaving the midsize hospitals vulnerable to closure or merger with other facilities. Competition among insurers has been limited by the development of hospital systems that extend the bargaining power of "must-have" hospitals (those perceived to provide the best care for complex and less common conditions) across local health care markets. Government antitrust enforcement could play an important role in maintaining competition in both the hospital and insurer markets, but in many markets, the impact of that enforcement has been limited to date. Policy makers should consider supplementing antitrust activities with strategies that combine competition and regulation-for example, by regulating selected prices and structuring competition to cover entire insurance markets. Project HOPE—The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc.

Competition policy in patent cases and antitrust.

Science.gov (United States)

Sobel, Gerald

2003-01-01

The article that follows examines the competition policy reflected in the decisions of the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit in its patent cases. The court's views on this subject have been manifested most plainly in decisions that have transformed the law concerning infringement under the doctrine of equivalents and claim construction. In both categories, the court narrowed patent scope by reason of its desire to protect competitors. The article argues that the court's premise in prescribing narrower claim scope reflected an incomplete view of competition policy. The court's analysis overlooked the benefits to competition provided by patents, which stimulate inventions and their development. The article traces the development of antitrust jurisprudence and demonstrates how respect for the contribution of patents to competition and skepticism of free-riding has evolved, particularly beginning in the 1970s. The article draws a parallel between the Court's reasoning about competition policy, on the one hand, and the rejected views of Justices Hugo Black and William O. Douglas and abandoned patent-antitrust jurisprudence, on the other. The Federal Circuit's decision in Festo Corp. v. Shoketsu Kinzoku Kogyo Kabushiki Co., Ltd., 234 F.3d 558 (Fed. Cir. 2000), on the subject of equivalents is considered in the paper. In that decision, the majority adopted a new rule that completely barred infringement under the doctrine of equivalents of any claim limitation where, in prosecution, there had been a narrowing amendment relating to patentability. In the past, prosecution estoppel foreclosing equivalents had been subject to a "flexible bar," which, in some circumstances, allowed for equivalence notwithstanding such an amendment. The article points out that because almost all patents are amended during prosecution, the effect would be to allow widespread copying of patented inventions by trivial modifications of any narrowed claim limitation. The incentive to innovate

The Continuing Role For Antitrust Enforcement In the Electricity Sector

OpenAIRE

William Stallings

2013-01-01

William Stallings discusses some of the recent enforcement actions in the electricity sector, a highly regulated sector, where government has played an important role in enforcing competition policy. The recent “New York Capacity†cases involving a power generator and its financial services firm, includes the use of a derivative agreement to bypass merger regulation and restrain trade. As Stalling notes, this is an example of a novel liability theory used by the Antitrust Division of...

Efficiency Gains and Myopic Antitrust Authority in a Dynamic Merger Game

OpenAIRE

MOTTA, Massimo; VASCONCELOS, Helder

2003-01-01

This Paper models a sequential merger formation game with endogenous efficiency gains in which every merger has to be submitted for approval to the Antitrust Authority (AA). Two different types of AA are studied: first, a myopic AA, which judges a given merger without considering that subsequent mergers may occur; and, second, a forward-looking AA, which anticipates the ultimate market structure a given merger will lead to. By contrasting the decisions of these two types of AA, merger policy ...

Impact of the antitrust laws on the commercialization of solar heating and cooling

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gross, J.

1979-06-01

Many energy industry observers and solar equipment producers view the commercialization of solar technologies as an opportunity to undermine the dominance now enjoyed by energy companies and electric utilities. Whether their hopes will be realized depends on Congress' posture towards interenergy diversification (which is currently permissive), DOE's spending practices (which have, in the past, been relatively insensitive to competitive consequences), and ultimately, the Supreme Court's willingness to aggressively enforce the antitrust laws (which is not unlikely, given recent holdings). Notwithstanding the legislative and administrative branches' tacit compliance with entrenched firms' involvement in the various solar energy submarkets, injured business persons and consumers (as well as the Department of Justice and the Federal Trade Commission) have the opportunity to force the controversy onto the judiciary by bringing suit under the antitrust laws against companies allegedly displaying anti-competitive market practices. The interchangeability between end uses of renewable and nonrenewable energy resources creates opportunities and motives for market manipulation. Consequently, the potential of energy firms for facilitating solar technology development (due to technological knowledge, managerial expertise and capital resources) must be weighed against the possibility that their involvement will, in the long run, retard development. 356 references.

49 CFR 1331.5 - Additional standards for retaining antitrust immunity by passenger bus industry rate bureaus.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... immunity by passenger bus industry rate bureaus. 1331.5 Section 1331.5 Transportation Other Regulations... standards for retaining antitrust immunity by passenger bus industry rate bureaus. (a) Rate bureaus must... tariff structure modifies in a relatively non-uniform fashion the relationship between most rates...

Deregulation and regulation by the national and European antitrust laws. The development and amendment of antitrust laws and their effects on the public utilities. Papers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Baur, J.F.

1994-01-01

The papers presented at the meeting discuss the following subjects: The public utilities and their scope of exemptions from provisions of the antitrust laws as established by court rulings; reimbursement for electricity supplied to the grid and the phasing out of franchise agreements; the competition policy of the Federal Cartel Office towards the public utilities; legal and economic implications of the competition policy adopted by the Federal Cartel Office for the structures of the public sector of the power supply industry; ensuring safe and priceworthy power supply in Europe. The five papers can be separately retrieved from the database. (HSCH) [de

Antitrust Enforcement in the Electricity and Gas Industries: Problems and Solutions for the EU

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Leveque, Francois

2006-01-01

Antitrust enforcement in the electricity and gas industries raises specific problems that call for specific solutions. Among the issues: How can the anticompetitive effects of mergers be assessed in a changing regulatory environment? Should long-term agreements in energy purchasing be prohibited? What are the benefits of preventive action such as competition advocacy and market surveillance committees? Should Article 82 (a) of the EC Treaty be used to curb excessive pricing?. (author)

A new dimension to EU pharma antitrust product hopping and unilateral pay for delay

OpenAIRE

Gallasch, Sven

2016-01-01

Pay for delay settlements are currently high on the competition law enforcement agenda. The focus in these investigations is on the collusive nature of the agreements between a brand company and generic companies. However, this article moves the discussion away from the commonly recognized collusive anticompetitive potential, advocating for the expansion of antitrust scrutiny of pay for delay settlements to unilateral conduct. Pay for delay settlements could be used as a “facilitator” for a b...

United States, Europe and Poland Different Stages of Antitrust Tying War in the New Economy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mariusz SWORA

2006-06-01

Full Text Available Microsoft’s case has led to heated debates, both in Europe and the United States of America, on the abuse of the dominant position and on the prohibition of tying. This discussion, both in Europe and the United States, is not finished. In this article the author presents legal implications of tying products in Europe and Poland and confronts them with the American approach to tying. In Poland, a country with a fast developing economy, with the growing level of foreign investments, discussion on monopolist practices under the conditions of a fast technological development1 has not really commenced yet. The problems of innovation and development of New Economy undertakings has gained new impetus following Poland’s accession to the European Union. It is a matter of time when the anti-trust law begins to show interest in them. There are some indications that this has already taken place. In the first part of this article the author briefly presents the discussion related to Microsoft III case in the United States insofar as it pertains to New Economy issues. The second and third parts address legal and political aspects of the Microsoft case in the European Union. In the fourth part legal aspects related to tying practices in Poland are presented. The article aims to show that instrumental and mechanical treatment of tying practices used by firms having the market power under conditions of technological progress is not proper. The problem of antitrust analysis of such practices is universal, as universal as these practices are. However, the problem is solved differently in the United States and in Europe and the reasons for such a different approach are rooted in the legal system and policy enforcement. Microsoft antitrust is global. After US and European cases, Korean competition authority has found Microsoft guilty of tying practices2. Regarding Microsoft problems with tying it is necessary to ask the question whether tying practices are

Recent Trends in Antitrust Enforcement

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mario Siragusa

2015-10-01

Full Text Available This article intends to discuss a selection of the most relevant features of the most recent trends in antitrust enforcement. Firstly, anticompetitive signalling will be addressed: its assessment depends on the kind of information provided. Where such information is of public knowledge or is very well known by the market participants, signalling should not be deemed as anticompetitive. Secondly, the Power Cable case has raised for the first time various problematic issues, such as the possibility to impose parental liability on a purely financial investor, even where the presumed direct infringer would have been able to pay the fine. This appears to be irreconcilable with the objectives for which the case law on parental liability has been elaborated. Thirdly, as to the concept of restriction of competition by object, it is argued that the Intel case does not disavow the principles established in Cartes Bancaires. Indeed, the finding of a violation and the different methodology applied in the first case are only due to its specific factual circumstances. Finally, the nouvelle vague of the case law on the anticompetitive abuse of rights has led to two opposite approaches, one at the EU and the other at the Italian level. The first one, based on the finding of objective circumstances, is perfectly consistent with existing EU case law, while the second, exclusively focused on the exclusionary intent, seems to be in sharp contrast with it. The hope is that the Court of Justice will intervene to resolve this contradiction.

Competitive bidding might create antitrust problems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Smith, D.J.

1991-01-01

With the increased use and complexity of competitive bidding systems for new generating capacity there is the possibility that federal antitrust laws may be violated. Anyone violating Section 1 of the Sherman Act could face stiff penalties. Falling into this category of violations are agreements among competitors, price fixing, and elimination of competitors through the allocations of customers and/or territories. It does not have to be in writing for someone to be charged with bid rigging. In fact, it is stated that bid rigging is typically proved from the testimony of one of the persons involved. According to this paper, a charge of rigging the bids can come from: One or more bidders offering to provide power at a higher price than another bidder. Two or more bidders offering to supply power at the same price. One or more potential bidders not submitting a bid or intentionally bidding high. One bidder and not the others offering a more favorable construction schedule or an alternative proposal. One firm offering to renegotiate if its bid is rejected while the other bidders refuse. These are just some of the agreements that are illegal. The penalties for such violations of the Sherman Act are severe: fines of up to $100,000 and up to three years in jail for individuals; up to $1 million in fines for corporations

Joint ventures e a política antitruste brasileira

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Paula Avellar

2012-12-01

Full Text Available As políticas de defesa da concorrência integram atualmente o conjunto fundamental de instituições necessárias à promoção do crescimento e a busca das sociedades por arranjos mais eficientes. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo realizar uma análise da política antitruste brasileira concentrando-se no tratamento dado pelas autoridades à constituição de joint ventures. Na realização dessa tarefa, foram feitas revisões teóricas, constatações acerca dos procedimentos de autoridades internacionais sobre o assunto e um estudo empírico abordando casos julgados no Brasil entre os anos de 2002 e 2010. O resultado encontrado revela a inexistência de normatização específica para o tratamento das joint ventures no Brasil, culminando, assim, em uma relativa discricionariedade por parte dos órgãos do SBDC na análise desses atos.

ANTITRUST ISSUES IN THE LARGE-SCALE FOOD DISTRIBUTION SECTOR

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Enrico Adriano Raffaelli

2014-12-01

Full Text Available In light of the slow modernization of the Italian large-scale food distribution sector, of the fragmentation at national level, of the significant roles of the cooperatives at local level and of the alliances between food retail chains, the ICA during the recent years has developed a strong interest in this sector.After having analyzed the peculiarities of the Italian large-scale food distribution sector, this article shows the recent approach taken by the ICA toward the main antitrust issues in this sector.In the analysis of such issues, mainly the contractual relations between the GDO retailers and their suppliers, the introduction of Article 62 of Law no. 27 dated 24th March 2012 is crucial, because, by facilitating and encouraging complaints by the interested parties, it should allow the developing of normal competitive dynamics within the food distribution sector, where companies should be free to enter the market using the tools at their disposal, without undue restrictions.

50 Años de política antitrust comunitaria

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fernando Diez Estella

2013-07-01

Full Text Available Este artículo se realiza, al cumplir 50 años del Tratado de Roma el balance de la que comenzó siendo la Comunidad Económica y que hoy es la Unión Europea, a partir del análisis de la política de defensa de la competencia o política «antitrust» comunitaria. Bajo este marco retomaron temas como los fines del derecho comunitario de la competencia, el proceso de modernización la relación entre el derecho interno y la legislación comunitaria. Por otra parte, reconsiderando los acuerdos, decisiones y prácticas concertadas entre empresas, los tipos de convenios, efectos, excepciones y procedimientos, así como otros temas de interés relacionados con la competencia de las empresas en el marco de la Legislación de la Unión Europea. Política antitrus, competencia,

Health Care Efficiencies: Consolidation and Alternative Models vs. Health Care and Antitrust Regulation - Irreconcilable Differences?

Science.gov (United States)

King, Michael W

2017-11-01

Despite the U.S. substantially outspending peer high income nations with almost 18% of GDP dedicated to health care, on any number of statistical measurements from life expectancy to birth rates to chronic disease, 1 the U.S. achieves inferior health outcomes. In short, Americans receive a very disappointing return on investment on their health care dollars, causing economic and social strain. 2 Accordingly, the debates rage on: what is the top driver of health care spending? Among the culprits: poor communication and coordination among disparate providers, paperwork required by payors and regulations, well-intentioned physicians overprescribing treatments, drugs and devices, outright fraud and abuse, and medical malpractice litigation. Fundamentally, what is the best way to reduce U.S. health care spending, while improving the patient experience of care in terms of quality and satisfaction, and driving better patient health outcomes? Mergers, partnerships, and consolidation in the health care industry, new care delivery models like Accountable Care Organizations and integrated care systems, bundled payments, information technology, innovation through new drugs and new medical devices, or some combination of the foregoing? More importantly, recent ambitious reform efforts fall short of a cohesive approach, leaving fundamental internal inconsistencies across divergent arms of the federal government, raising the issue of whether the U.S. health care system can drive sufficient efficiencies within the current health care and antitrust regulatory environments. While debate rages on Capitol Hill over "repeal and replace," only limited attention has been directed toward reforming the current "fee-for-service" model pursuant to which providers are paid for volume of care rather than quality or outcomes. Indeed, both the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act ("ACA") 3 and proposals for its replacement focus primarily on the reach and cost of providing coverage for

75 FR 57109 - Premerger Notification; Reporting and Waiting Period Requirements

Science.gov (United States)

2010-09-17

... the Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice (the ``Assistant Attorney General'' or the ``Antitrust Division'') (together the ``Antitrust Agencies'' or ``Agencies'') conduct their initial review of... or acquisition may violate the antitrust laws if consummated and, when appropriate, to seek a...

PENGATURAN DAN PENEGAKAN HUKUM PEMBOIKOTAN DALAM ANTITRUST LAW AMERIKA SERIKAT

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Siti Anisah

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Boycott is one of violations in the competition law that eliminating the freedom of parties to enter the market. The aim of it no other than lessened fair competition. Theoretically, the issue related boycott discuss about the approach utilised by the authority to investigate and enforce boycott and its meaning: whether boycott is vertical or horizontal, or both; and what are the criteria of the violations? Given so few references on boycott, this paper attempts to reveal the regulation and the enforcement of it in the United States. It is aimed as reference to regulate and/or to settle the competition law cases of boycott in Indonesia in the future day. The United States does not specifically state boycott in the Antitrust Law. The United States includes boycott as concerted to deal and refuse to deal as ruled in the Section 1 of Sherman Act.

Discovering the Miracle of Large Numbers of Antitrust Investigations in Russia: The Role of Competition Authority Incentives

OpenAIRE

Svetlana Avdasheva; Dina Tsytsulina; Svetlana Golovanova; Yelena Sidorova

2015-01-01

Many antitrust investigations in Russia continue to present a challenge for the assessment of competition policy and international enforcement ratings. On the one hand, many infringement decisions may be interpreted as an indicator of high enforcement efforts in the context of rigid competition restrictions and the significant related harm to social welfare. On the other hand, many investigations proceed under poor legal and economic standards; therefore, the impact of decisions and remedies ...

Financial Integration and Tax Efficiency –Premises of Antitrust Policy and Economic Growth

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mihai Mărginean

2016-01-01

Full Text Available The aims of this paper is to highlight the relationship between financial integration, taxation and anti-monopoly policy.We will focus on the arguments that come to strengthen that the effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy depends on effective measures in the area of taxation and hence the effects of taxation. Basically, in our analysis, we built a research that stressed the importance of interplay between the variables involved and the objective of economic growth. Noting that the public income and expeenditures (item that showing the importance of administration sector in the economy, depends on effective antitrust policy. For this analysis, we used data between 2008 and 2014 from the Competition Council and Eurostat.

Alcuni recenti orientamenti interpretativi in tema di intersection fra PI e Antitrust

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gustavo Ghidini

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Recent decisions of the European Court of Justice (Astrazeneca and Italian Antitrust Authority (Pfizer suggest that even the mere acquisition – as distinguished from the exercise – of a patent (as any other IPR may amount to a misuse if the achievement thereof runs in contrast with the rules governing its entitlement; and, if the patent owner enjoys a dominant position, such patent misuse may translate into an abuse of said position under art. 102 TFEU. Cases of this type must be clearly distinguished from those where the patent has been legitimately/regularly obtained, and its holder exercises the ‘institutionally excluding’ related power against unauthorized third parties. In such cases, antitrust law comes in not to enforce a properly ‘abusive’ conduct, but to correct an objective market situation which has grown ‘excessively’ foreclosing competition – and this, thanks to the very success of the patent. A situation, and a legal solution, which bears a strong analogy of rationale with the one envisaged by art. 2597 of Italian civil code. Thus, that of ‘abuse’ is a general normative tool that is used both to adjudicate anti-competitive torts (as in the first case and to regulate an objective ‘close to monopoly’ situation occurred without any wrongdoing by the patent holder.The distinction is confirmed by the consequences. On one side, as in Astrazeneca and Pfizer, the patent holders are sanctioned (and their patent or CCP is subject to annulment; no compensation whatever of the patentee is thinkable. On the other side, in the case of the regular acquisition and intrinsically legitimate exercise of the IPR competition law imposes a duty to license it on FRAND terms: i.e., with compensation of the patent holder, fully retains his entitlement. Here, self-evidently, the patent holder has behaved lawfully -otherwise a compensation would be unthinkable! The ‘abuse’ may properly occur ex post, i.e. only if the holder

77 FR 3282 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Proposed Collection; Comments Requested: Federal Coal...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-01-23

... lease is consistent with the antitrust laws. (5) An estimate of the total number of respondents and the... under Review. The Department of Justice (DOJ), Antitrust Division (ATR), will be submitting the... or additional information, please contact Jill Ptacek, Antitrust Division, United States Department...

77 FR 37385 - Export Trade Certificate of Review

Science.gov (United States)

2012-06-21

... fund direct market development or market competitiveness improvement projects to benefit the Sector... antitrust actions and from private, treble damage antitrust actions for the export conduct specified in the... administration of COLOM-PEQ and fund market access maintenance, market promotion and market competitiveness...

Legally speaking: Federal Trade Commission issues positive advisory opinions on antitrust implications of clinical integration.

Science.gov (United States)

Wright, Robert

2009-10-01

From time to time, groups of physicians in an area may determine that they would benefit from "integrating" their practices into an IPA, PHO, or other joint venture. The anticipated benefits may include economies of scale, the ability to coordinate care between primary care physicians and specialists, providing disease management services for patients with certain conditions, or a myriad of other reasons. A key characteristic of these proposed integrated models is the ability for the group as a whole to negotiate with insurance companies and self-funded health care plans. When a group reaches the point of negotiating collectively for the fees that a pay- or is going to pay for various services throughout the plan, possible antitrust implications arise.

Enforcement of mandatory third party access based on antitrust law; Zwangsdurchleitung mittels Kartellrecht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Markert, K. [Bundeskartellamt, Berlin (Germany). 8. Beschlussabteilung

1998-04-01

Access of third parties to power transmission systems which up to now is governed in Germany by ownership rights will not run smoothly in future, although the general policy decision ended the dispute about the if, however leaving open aspects of the how. The problems arising in designing the how are currently displayed to the public by the disputes about conditions and model solutions reported from the telecommunications area, where deregulation is ahead of the developments in the energy sector. Obviously, the contention point is not technical feasibility of third party access, but the economic aspects and the conditions offered to competing suppliers depending on access to a transmission network. Hence it can be expected that there will be conflicts of interest that will have to be decided. The legal basis for conflict management is outlined in the recent amendment to the EnWG (German energy industry act), and jurisdiction will primarily rely on paragraph 6 of the act, referring to antitrust review. The contribution here gives an outline of the legal framework conditions governing enforcement of third party access to transmission systems in the future deregulated energy market. (orig./CB) [Deutsch] Die Oeffnung bisher geschlossener Netze fuer Drittwettbewerber verlaeuft auch dann, wenn ueber das `Ob` kein Streit mehr besteht, nicht konfliktfrei. Dies wird zur Zeit dem deutschen Publikum im Bereich der Telekommunikation mit fast taeglich neuen Varianten vorgefuehrt. Es geht dabei offensichtlich nicht um die technische Machbarkeit der Drittnutzung, sondern um die wirtschaftlichen Konditionen fuer Konkurrenten, die fuer ihr Leistungsangebot auf den Zugang zum Netz angewiesen sind. Konflikte ueber die Bedingungen dieses Zugangs sind daher vorprogrammiert, und es stellt sich die Frage, nach welchen Regeln und durch welche Gremien oder Institutionen solche Konflikte entschieden werden sollen. Der Beitrag umreisst die rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen, die im neuen En

Teoria da adequação econômica da conduta: significado econômico da conduta em face da tutela penal antitruste

OpenAIRE

Luiz da Silva, Ivan

2009-01-01

Essa tese tem por objetivo o desenvolvimento da teoria da adequação econômica da conduta no direito penal econômico. Vale-se de uma abordagem interdisciplinar abrangendo a Economia, o direito econômico e o direito penal. Para alcançar o desiderato a investigação analisou a intervenção do direito penal em face da atividade econômica e, em especial, os fundamentos da tutela penal antitruste, para fins de estabelecer os contornos teóricos necessários à aplicação das premissas fund...

Conference report. Deregulation by way of antitrust legislation; 22nd symposium on energy law in Cologne on November 4, 1993. Tagungsbericht. Deregulierung durch Kartellrecht; 22. Energiewirtschaftsrechtliche Tagung am 4. 11. 93 in Koeln

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Anon,

1994-01-01

''Deregulation and regulation by way of national and EC antitrust legislation - The evolution of the law on competition and its effects on the German power supply sector'' was the topic of the 22nd annual meeting of the Institute for Energy Law of Cologne University. The meeting on November 4, 1993 gathered about 350 energy experts in Cologne. (orig.)

75 FR 27558 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request; Extension

Science.gov (United States)

2010-05-17

...The information collection requirements described below will be submitted to the Office of Management and Budget (``OMB'') for review, as required by the Paperwork Reduction Act (``PRA''). The FTC is seeking public comments on its proposal to extend through May 31, 2013, the current PRA clearance for information collection requirements contained its Antitrust Improvements Act Rules (``HSR Rules'') and corresponding Notification and Report Form for Certain Mergers and Acquisitions (``Notification and Report Form''). That clearance expires on May 31, 2010.

A economia das firmas cooperadas e a análise antitruste*

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luiz A. Esteves

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Resumo A literatura econômica tem despendido décadas de esforço analítico para fornecer evidências teóricas e empíricas acerca das diferenças de comportamento entre as firmas gerenciadas pelo capital (firmas capitalistas convencionais e firmas gerenciadas pelo trabalho (inclui as cooperativas e associações de profissionais, principalmente no que diz respeito aos seus objetivos. As firmas capitalistas convencionais objetivam a maximização dos lucros, enquanto que as firmas cooperadas objetivam a estabilidade do emprego e do produto. A política antitruste tem replicado o mesmo tratamento despendido às firmas capitalistas convencionais para os casos envolvendo as firmas cooperadas. Tal decisão pode aumentar a probabilidade de ocorrências de erros do tipo I e do tipo II. Esse problema se torna menor quando os casos envolvem "falsas cooperativas". Em termos de política pública, a conclusão do presente artigo é de que uma concentração ou coordenação entre cooperados de fato ou profissionais não é, per se, condição necessária e suficiente para causar dano concorrencial. As especificidades destes tipos de organizações demandam análise específica e a aplicação da regra da razão. Finalmente, o artigo fornece uma proposta de filtro para distinção entre firmas cooperadas de fato e de cartéis disfarçados de cooperativas.

Economic and institutional dynamics of electricity markets deregulation: the interaction between sectoral regulation and antitrust policy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fontanel, B.

2009-01-01

The purpose of this study is to define regulatory intervention as a part of a global monitoring procedure allowing the definition and adaptation of market structures and rules, given the observed behavior of market participants. Nevertheless, the possible inefficiency in its (decisional) coordination with competition authorities implies further analysis. We thus adopt a comparative methodology based on the studying PJM and NETA wholesale markets. This analysis enables us to stress two possible 'models' in the distribution and coordination of monitoring powers. The first one privileges a strong 'informational coordination' between the sectoral regulator and the Transmission System Operator. By contrast, the second model is characterized by a constrained informational coordination, leading to a greater 'decisional convergence' between regulatory intervention and antitrust policy. Lastly, we put these conclusions into perspective with the specific issue of the achievement of an efficient and integrated European market for electricity. In particular, we stress the need for a single regulatory agency, which should be given autonomous decisional powers in the adoption of regional markets reform initiatives (author)

Owners of nuclear power plants

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wood, R.S.

1979-12-01

The following list indicates percentage ownership of commercial nuclear power plants by utility companies as of December 1, 1979. The list includes all plants licensed to operate, under construction, docketed for NRC safety and envionmental reviews, or under NRC antitrust review. It does not include those plants announced but not yet under review or those plants formally cancelled. In many cases, ownership may be in the process of changing as a result of antitrust license conditions and hearings, altered financial conditions, changed power needs, and other reasons. However, this list reflects only those ownership percentages of which the NRC has been formally notified

Third-party access zu district-heating grids. Considerations to the range of paragraph 19 sect. 4 no. 4 GWB and to the relation of antitrust law and energy law; Drittzugang zu Fernwaermenetzen. Ueberlegungen zur Reichweite des paragraph 19 Abs. 4 Nr. 4 GWB und zum Verhaeltnis von Kartell- und Energierecht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Koerber, Torsten

2011-07-01

The establishment of a sector-specific network access regulation significantly contributes to the development of vigorous competition in telecommunications services. Even in the sectors of electricity and natural gas hopes are placed on a regulation. Recognising this, in early 2010, a contract for a legal opinion concluded on behalf of the Energieeffizienzverband fuer Waerme, Kaelte und KWK e.V. (Frankfurt/Main, Federal Republic of Germany). This legal opinion should examine the following questions: (1) To what extent can the effect of the substitution ban also be used for the enforcement of access requirements?; (2) Is the heat supply system a key organization in line with paragraph 19 Sect. 4 No 4 GWB (GWB = Restriction of Competition)? (3) May the network access be denied on economic grounds in the way of objective justification? (4) How far may in particular environmental and beyond considerations of economic standing aspects be used? Based on these particular issues, especially, grid access requirements are traced. The author of the contribution under consideration investigates the following issues: (a) To what extent can claims on supply with or acceptance of district heating be derived from anti-trust standards?; (b) What are the impacts of the specialties of district heating on the application of the antitrust law? (d) To what extent does the antitrust law interact with the regulations of energy law and its objectives?.

Broadcasting football rights in Brazil: the case of Globo and "Club of 13" in the antitrust perspective

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

César Mattos

2012-06-01

Full Text Available In 2010, the Brazilian Antitrust Authority -CADE- concluded an agreeement with Globo and the "Club of 13" on a three-year deal for the exclusive broadcasting rights to all Brazilian Football League (BFL games spanning the five principal media platforms: free-to-air TV, pay TV, Pay per View, Internet and Mobile. The deal eliminates competition in broadcasting of Brazilian League games (primarily other networks, including Record, SBT, ESPN, etc., reducing "competition in the market." However, it is plausible to assume that exclusivity can bring efficiencies to the market by ensuring a return on investments. In addition, the sale of broadcasting rights accounts for nearly 40% of the revenues of Brazilian clubs. Banning exclusivity will likely reduce revenues and dampen sector efficiency. However, the contract included a preference clause for Globo that adversely affected "competition for the market." Globo abandoned the preference clause under the agreement. Another important provision of the agreement was the requirement that the Club of 13 auction the five media platforms separately. This article examines the economic rationale of the agreement and provides a brief analysis of the main lessons arising from the fragmentation of negotiations in 2011.

Recent Developments at DG Competition: 2016/2017.

Science.gov (United States)

Buehler, Benno; Coublucq, Daniel; Hariton, Cyril; Langus, Gregor; Valletti, Tommaso

2017-01-01

The Directorate General for Competition at the European Commission enforces competition law in the areas of antitrust, merger control, and state aids. This year's article provides first a general presentation of the role of the Chief Competition Economist's team and surveys the main achievements of the Directorate General for Competition over 2016/2017. The article then reviews the economic work undertaken in one merger case between Dow/DuPont, which raised specific issues related to innovation, as well as in an antitrust case on parity clauses related to Amazon e-books.

The Infectious Diseases Society of America Lyme guidelines: a cautionary tale about the development of clinical practice guidelines

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Johnson Lorraine

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract Flawed clinical practice guidelines may compromise patient care. Commercial conflicts of interest on panels that write treatment guidelines are particularly problematic, because panelists may have conflicting agendas that influence guideline recommendations. Historically, there has been no legal remedy for conflicts of interest on guidelines panels. However, in May 2008, the Attorney General of Connecticut concluded a ground-breaking antitrust investigation into the development of Lyme disease treatment guidelines by one of the largest medical societies in the United States, the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA. Although the investigation found significant flaws in the IDSA guidelines development process, the subsequent review of the guidelines mandated by the settlement was compromised by a lack of impartiality at various stages of the IDSA review process. This article will examine the interplay between the recent calls for guidelines reform, the ethical canons of medicine, and due process considerations under antitrust laws as they apply to the formulation of the IDSA Lyme disease treatment guidelines. The article will also discuss pitfalls in the implementation of the IDSA antitrust settlement that should be avoided in the future.

78 FR 24151 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Science.gov (United States)

2013-04-24

... and clearance under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, Public Law 104-13. Comments regarding (a... of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number. Forest Service Title: Bid for... appraised value; bidders meet specific criteria when submitting a bid; and anti-trust violations do not...

Broken trusts: The Texas Attorney General versus the oil industry, 1889-1909

Science.gov (United States)

Singer, Jonathan Whitney

The legal history of state antitrust enforcement and the oil industry in Texas illustrates how and why antitrust law contemplated complementary enforcement at the state and federal government level. Historians, economists, and lawyers have concentrated on federal antitrust law and enforcement, ignoring state efforts. Yet for most of the first twenty-five years following the enactment of the Sherman Antitrust Act, federal enforcement efforts were extremely limited, leaving the field to the states. Texas was one of several states that had strong antitrust laws, and whose attorneys general prosecuted antitrust violations with vigor. Political ambition was a factor in the decisions to investigate and prosecute cases against a highly visible target, the petroleum industry, but there was also a genuine belief in the goals of antitrust policy, and in the efficacy of enforcement of the laws. Enforcement efforts were also complicated by the fact that large oil companies provided vital commodities, articles of "prime necessity," to the citizens of Texas and following the discovery of large oil fields, played an increasingly important role in the economies of many Texas communities. The Texas Attorney General's antitrust enforcement efforts against the oil industry in this time of transition from an agricultural society to an industrial society provide insights into the litigation process, and reveal how well the rhetoric of trust-busting fit with the reality of antitrust enforcement. The antitrust crusade against the petroleum industry also highlights the changing roles of state government in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, particularly the Attorney General's Department. The experience of Texas undermines the view that federal action has always dominated antitrust enforcement efforts and that antitrust litigation against Standard Oil was ineffective and ineffectual. Rather, the Texas Attorney General's litigations and their results suggest that some states

76 FR 21350 - Auction of 700 MHz Band Licenses Scheduled for July 19, 2011; Notice and Filing Requirements...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-04-15

... notices pertaining to this auction. ii. Prohibited Communications and Compliance With Antitrust Laws To... result in enforcement action. h. Antitrust Laws 24. Applicants are also reminded that, regardless of compliance with the Commission's rules, they remain subject to the antitrust laws, which are designed to...

50 CFR 679.81 - Rockfish Program annual harvester and processor privileges.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... as permitted by general antitrust law; and (ii) The rockfish cooperative must establish a monitoring... cooperative is formed or is operating in compliance with antitrust law. (5) Application for the rockfish... the antitrust laws of the rockfish cooperative's proposed conduct. Membership in a rockfish...

41 CFR 102-75.275 - Who determines whether the proposed disposal would create or maintain a situation inconsistent...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... the proposed disposal would create or maintain a situation inconsistent with antitrust laws? 102-75... Real Property Disposal Applicability of Antitrust Laws § 102-75.275 Who determines whether the proposed disposal would create or maintain a situation inconsistent with antitrust laws? The Attorney General...

76 FR 54734 - Proposed Information Collection; Comment Request; Application for Export Trade; Certificate of...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-09-02

... application of U.S. antitrust laws to export activities--especially joint export activities involving domestic... provides the certificate holder and its members with limited antitrust preclearance for specified export... information is necessary for both the Departments of Commerce and Justice to conduct an antitrust analysis, in...

41 CFR 102-75.280 - What information concerning a proposed disposal must a disposal agency provide to the Attorney...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... applicability of antitrust laws? 102-75.280 Section 102-75.280 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal... PROPERTY DISPOSAL Surplus Real Property Disposal Applicability of Antitrust Laws § 102-75.280 What... the applicability of antitrust laws? The disposal agency must promptly provide the Attorney General...

77 FR 17500 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Proposed Collection; Comments Requested

Science.gov (United States)

2012-03-26

... antitrust laws. (5) An estimate of the total number of respondents and the amount of time estimated for an... Lease Request. The Department of Justice (DOJ), Antitrust Division (ATR), will be submitting the... information, please contact Jill Ptacek, Antitrust Division, United States Department of Justice, 450 5th...

Imunidade antitruste às Ações Governamentais no contexto da desregulação do setor de telecomunicações: uma análise a partir do julgamento do caso VU-M pelo CADE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Deborah Batista Caixeta

2014-05-01

Full Text Available Propósito – O objetivo deste ensaio é examinar a postura adotada pelo CADE com relação às medidas regulatórias adotadas pela ANATEL na fixação do valor de interconexão de rede (VU-M, sob a perspectiva da State Action Doctrine no contexto da desregulação do setor de telecomunicações. Metodologia/abordagem/design – O texto propõe uma abordagem relativa às teorias de desregulação do setor de telecomunicações e o impacto que as decisões da autoridade antitruste de isenção concorrencial possuem neste movimento, a partir da análise do caso VU-M recentemente julgado pelo CADE. Resultados – A concessão de isenções antitruste pelo CADE ainda parece seguir a tradicional aplicação da State Action Doctrine centrada na teoria regulatória do interesse público e, consequentemente, a extrema confiança na atuação da agência acaba dificultando o processo de desregulação, principalmente no setor de telecomunicações, notadamente marcado pela antiga estrutura regulatória oligopolista. Implicações práticas – Busca-se, por meio desta análise crítica, oferecer uma abordagem introdutória que possa ser aplicada posteriormente para rediscutir os limites de aplicação da lei de defesa da concorrência a situações acobertadas por medidas regulatórias setoriais. Originalidade/relevância do texto – O ensaio identifica os elementos que se aplicam na dinâmica de interação entre regulação concorrencial e a regulação setorial, a ponto de permitir que a tradicional estrutura de aplicação das normas de concorrência a estes setores possa ser redesenhada para incorporar os objetivos perseguidos pelo movimento de desregulação, no caso, do setor de telecomunicações.

77 FR 50057 - Premerger Notification; Reporting and Waiting Period Requirements

Science.gov (United States)

2012-08-20

... determine whether a proposed merger or acquisition may violate the antitrust laws if consummated and, when... transaction may, if consummated, violate the antitrust laws. In addition, Section 7A(d)(2) of the Act, 15 U.S... charge of the Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice (``the Assistant Attorney General...

Concentrations: Recent Developments in Italy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Claudio Tesauro

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Recent Italian developments in antitrust concentrations was the topic I was assigned to address at the conference held on 23 April to celebrate the first anniversary of the Italian Antitrust Review. What is immediately clear is that far fewer concentrations have been notified over the last few years. This is probably due to the economic crisis, which caused a reduction in corporate transactions; but also the changes to the turnover thresholds for notification seem to have had a significant impact. Consequently, an interesting debate is underway regarding the need for further changes the threshold system. Moreover, the drastic market developments and the subsequent increased number of decisions to revise remedies should also be further examined. These two issues are the subject of this paper.

The economics of gasoline retailing : petroleum distribution and retailing issues in the U.S

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kleit, A.N. [Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)

2005-03-31

Some of the controversies surrounding gasoline retailing prices in the United States were discussed with specific reference to zone pricing and non-price vertical restraints. Integrated refiners use a variety of often conflicting distribution methods to transport gasoline to consumers. The use of different retail provisions allows refiners to offer retail outlets to as many markets as possible, and these provisions have been the subject of antitrust scrutiny. Issues concerning refinery growth and capacity were reviewed along with brand management and federal standards. Various types of branded retail outlets were also discussed, along with company operated outlets and franchised dealer outlets. Issues concerning hypermarkets were examined and legal relationships between franchisers and franchisees in the petroleum industry were reviewed in relation to zone pricing. The motivation for non-price vertical restraints was considered, with reference to antitrust and anticompetitive behavior. It was suggested that the best way to analyze the gasoline sector is to examine the extent of margins in the sector. It was concluded that distribution channels help refiners market gasoline. Interactions between distribution channels can create competitive tensions in terms of brand free-riding and brand network operations. The use of price zones and non-price vertical restraints allow integrated refiners to offer retail distribution outlets across as many markets as possible. Antitrust scrutiny has not resulted in successful litigation as the refiners' actions are not expected to afflict consumers. 33 refs., 3 figs.

The economics of gasoline retailing : petroleum distribution and retailing issues in the U.S.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kleit, A.N. [Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)

2005-03-31

Some of the controversies surrounding gasoline retailing prices in the United States were discussed with specific reference to zone pricing and non-price vertical restraints. Integrated refiners use a variety of often conflicting distribution methods to transport gasoline to consumers. The use of different retail provisions allows refiners to offer retail outlets to as many markets as possible, and these provisions have been the subject of antitrust scrutiny. Issues concerning refinery growth and capacity were reviewed along with brand management and federal standards. Various types of branded retail outlets were also discussed, along with company operated outlets and franchised dealer outlets. Issues concerning hypermarkets were examined and legal relationships between franchisers and franchisees in the petroleum industry were reviewed in relation to zone pricing. The motivation for non-price vertical restraints was considered, with reference to antitrust and anticompetitive behavior. It was suggested that the best way to analyze the gasoline sector is to examine the extent of margins in the sector. It was concluded that distribution channels help refiners market gasoline. Interactions between distribution channels can create competitive tensions in terms of brand free-riding and brand network operations. The use of price zones and non-price vertical restraints allow integrated refiners to offer retail distribution outlets across as many markets as possible. Antitrust scrutiny has not resulted in successful litigation as the refiners' actions are not expected to afflict consumers. 33 refs., 3 figs.

The economics of gasoline retailing : petroleum distribution and retailing issues in the U.S

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kleit, A.N.

2005-01-01

Some of the controversies surrounding gasoline retailing prices in the United States were discussed with specific reference to zone pricing and non-price vertical restraints. Integrated refiners use a variety of often conflicting distribution methods to transport gasoline to consumers. The use of different retail provisions allows refiners to offer retail outlets to as many markets as possible, and these provisions have been the subject of antitrust scrutiny. Issues concerning refinery growth and capacity were reviewed along with brand management and federal standards. Various types of branded retail outlets were also discussed, along with company operated outlets and franchised dealer outlets. Issues concerning hypermarkets were examined and legal relationships between franchisers and franchisees in the petroleum industry were reviewed in relation to zone pricing. The motivation for non-price vertical restraints was considered, with reference to antitrust and anticompetitive behavior. It was suggested that the best way to analyze the gasoline sector is to examine the extent of margins in the sector. It was concluded that distribution channels help refiners market gasoline. Interactions between distribution channels can create competitive tensions in terms of brand free-riding and brand network operations. The use of price zones and non-price vertical restraints allow integrated refiners to offer retail distribution outlets across as many markets as possible. Antitrust scrutiny has not resulted in successful litigation as the refiners' actions are not expected to afflict consumers. 33 refs., 3 figs

Control of grid user payment. Antitrust legal standards of control for the examination of grid user payments of the german operators of electricity distribution networks in the system of the negotiated grid access; Netznutzungsentgeltkontrolle. Kartellrechtliche Kontrollmassstaebe fuer die Ueberpruefung von Netznutzungsentgelten der deutschen Elektrizitaetsverteilungsnetzbetreiber im System des verhandelten Netzzungangs

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stappert, H.

2007-07-01

For years their exists a controversy concerning to the permissible height of payments for the use of distribution networks in the electricity supply in the system of the negotiated grid access. Under this aspect, the author of the contribution under consideration reports on antitrust legal standards of control for the examination of grid user payments of the German operators of electricity distribution networks. The main aspects are: test standard; relation to energy law; market demarcation; position of the norm receiver; control methods; spatial comparison of interior prices; control of costs.

The current German regime governing third-party access to power transmission systems and denial of TPA, discussed from the angle of applicable civil law, energy industry law and antitrust law

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kuehne, G.

2000-01-01

The German EnWG (energy industry law) for deregulation of the energy sector and implementation of the Internal Energy Market Directive of the EU contains an obligation to contract and make rules for establishing a legally binding system for access to and use of third parties of transmission and distribution networks in the competitive electricity market. The design of such contracts under private law as well as the grid code for network operation primarily being a matter of the contracting parties, the legal basis and opportunities for governmental supervisory functions are embodied in various laws. The legal analysis of this contribution examines the current situation and asks whether the existing provisions of the German BGB (Civil Code), antitrust law and the EnWG offer practicable means in case of need for governmental supervisory action in order to ensure evolution and adherence to a legal framework that will ensure the objectives of the politically willed deregulation of the energy sector and foster development of an open market serving the public welfare. (CB) [de

77 FR 2478 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Groundfish of the Gulf of Alaska; Amendment 88

Science.gov (United States)

2012-01-18

.... Rockfish cooperatives formed under the Rockfish Program are subject to existing antitrust laws. Collective price negotiation by a rockfish cooperative must be conducted in accordance with existing antitrust laws...

Object-Oriented Bayesian Networks for a Decision Support System

OpenAIRE

Julia Mortera; Paola Vicard; Cecilia Vergari

2012-01-01

We study an economic decision problem where the actors are two rms and the Antitrust Authority whose main task is to monitor and prevent rms potential anti-competitive behaviour. The Antitrust Au- thority's decision process is modelled using a Bayesian network whose relational structure and parameters are estimated from data provided by the Authority itself. Several economic variables in uencing this de- cision process are included in the model. We analyse how monitoring by the Antitrust Auth...

28 CFR 56.1 - Purpose and scope.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... section 252 of EPCA makes available a defense to actions brought under the Federal antitrust laws. ... charge of the Antitrust Division to whom the Attorney General has delegated his authority under this...

Owners of nuclear power plants

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wood, R.S.

1991-07-01

This report indicates percentage ownership of commercial nuclear power plants by utility companies. The report includes all plants operating, under construction, docketed for NRC safety and environmental reviews, or under NRC antitrust review, but does not include those plants announced but not yet under review or those plants formally cancelled. Part 1 of the report lists plants alphabetically with their associated applicants or licensees and percentage ownership. Part 2 lists applicants or licensees alphabetically with their associated plants and percentage ownership. Part 1 also indicates which plants have received operating licenses (OLS)

41 CFR 102-38.320 - Are there other statutory requirements governing the sale of Federal personal property?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... requirements, such as the Debt Collection Improvement Act of 1996 (Public Law 104-134, sec. 31001, 110 Stat. 1321-358) and antitrust requirements that are discussed in § 102-38.325. Antitrust Requirements ...

Assessment of Innovation Effects of Mergers

OpenAIRE

Kern, Benjamin René

2015-01-01

Summary of Doctoral Dissertation Assessment of Innovation Effects of Mergers The adequate consideration of innovation effects of mergers in merger review was, and still is, one of the most controversially discussed issues between antitrust scholars. In this connection the question has been raised whether the traditional categories in competition law are sufficiently suitable for dealing with innovation aspects or whether new ...

29 CFR 100.603 - Debts that are covered.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... whole or in part on conduct in violation of the antitrust laws; (4) A debt under the Internal Revenue... fraud, false claims, misrepresentation, or which violate antitrust laws will be promptly referred to the...

Legal problems of doing business with foreign energy cartels

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sayler, R.H.

1983-01-01

This paper focuses on the uranium cartel - or marketing arrangement as its admitted participants styled it. The clash between US antitrust laws and cartels that fix prices is examined with particular emphasis on the uranium antitrust litigation and on a US antitrust lawsuit in which the courts rejected an attack on OPEC's price-fixing and output-limitation activities. Basic legal principles pertaining to this type of litigation are explained. Even more specialized defenses are available to complicate the litigation when foreign governments are involved with the cartel: sovereign immunity, act of state, and foreign governmental compulsion. It is concluded that antitrust litigation against a foreign cartel is not impossible, but it may be unwise in the long run if it precipitates an international reversion to protectionism. 35 references

37 CFR 404.7 - Exclusive, co-exclusive and partially exclusive licenses.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... lessen competition or create or maintain a violation of the Federal antitrust laws; and (iv) The Federal... maintain a violation of the Federal antitrust laws. (2) In addition to the provisions of § 404.5, the...

47 CFR 1.1902 - Exceptions.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

...) Claims based in whole or in part on conduct in violation of the antitrust laws, or in regard to which... based in whole or in part on conduct in violation of the antitrust laws or any claim involving fraud...

NGNP Site Selection Status Report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Holbrook, Mark

2006-01-01

This report provides an overview of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) licensing process, the preliminary site activities that have taken place in the current fiscal year (FY-06), and the site-related plans for FY-07. The NRC maintains oversight of the construction and operation of a facility throughout its lifetime to assure compliance with the Commission's regulations for the protection of public health and safety, the common defense and security, and the environment. To implement this process, all nuclear power plant applications must undergo a safety review, an environmental review, and antitrust review by the NRC.

Essays on the economics of licensing nuclear power plants

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cohen, L.R.

1979-01-01

Regulation and licensing of nuclear power plants by the United States Atomic Energy Commission and the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission are discussed. Chapter 1 overviews the licensing process and issues raised in licensing cases. Based on a sample of plants licensed between 1967 and 1978, a statistical study of the impact of public participation in licensing is performed. The study concludes that public participation has had a major impact on licensing and power-plant costs. The impact is due to a fundamental weakness of the Commissions: their inability to resolve certain issues related to acceptable social risk. The study has important policy implications for reforming the Federal licensing process. Chapter 2 contains an analysis of the Price-Anderson Act, a Federal program for compensating victims of large nuclear accidents. The Price-Anderson Act is placed within the context of generalized federal disaster relief. A model is developed that allows an evaluation programs on the basis of moral hazard and equity principles. Chapter 3 analyzes the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's treatment of its mandatory antitrust review of applicants for nuclear power plants. The main conclusion of the chapter is that the reviews have not addressed the central economic issues of antitrust that are relevant to nuclear power. Instead, the reviews contribute to further cartelization of the electric utility industry. While politically expedient, the reviews are counter-productive to the development of an optimal industry structure

77 FR 10560 - United States v. International Paper Company et al.; Proposed Final Judgment and Competitive...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-02-22

..., Antitrust Division, Antitrust Documents Group, 450 Fifth Street NW., Suite 1010, Washington, DC 20530... Packaging Group, which produces containerboard and corrugated products, accounting for $8.4 billion. 10... linerboards in a wavy, fluted pattern. Linerboard is made from virgin wood fiber, recycled fiber (usually...

77 FR 46185 - United States v. United Technologies Corporation and Goodrich Corporation; Proposed Final...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-08-02

...''), but smaller aircraft can use either AC or direct current (``DC''). AC generators can produce variable... Justice, Antitrust Division, Antitrust Documents Group, 450 Fifth Street NW., Suite 1010, Washington, DC... Street NW., Suite 8700, Washington, DC 20530 (telephone: (202) 307-0924). Patricia A. Brink, Director of...

Anatomy of a Cancer Treatment Scam

Medline Plus

Full Text Available ... Copy of My Credit Report File a Comment Open for Comment Report An Antitrust Violation File Documents in Adjudicative Proceedings ... Copy of My Credit Report File a Comment Report An Antitrust Violation File Documents in Adjudicative ... Government Federal Trade Commission Headquarters: 600 Pennsylvania Avenue, ...

Ilinois Walls: How barring indirect purchaser suits facilitates collusion

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Schinkel, M.P.; Tuinstra, J.; Ruggeberg, J.

2008-01-01

In its landmark ruling in Illinois Brick Co. v. Illinois in 1977, the U.S. Supreme Court restricted standing to sue for recovery of antitrust damages to direct purchasers. However, antitrust damages are typically (in part) passed on to intermediaries lower in the chain of production and ultimately

76 FR 35017 - United States et al. v. United Regional Health Care System; Public Comments and Response on...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-06-15

... comments relating to the proposed Final Judgment, published in The Washington Post and Times Record News... admitted the truth of the allegations contained in the Antitrust Divisions' Complaint or Competitive Impact... Antitrust Division. The AMA is not taking a position, one way or the other, concerning the truth of the...

28 CFR 0.41 - Special functions.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE ORGANIZATION OF THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Antitrust Division... supervised by, the Assistant Attorney General, Antitrust Division: (a) Institution of proceedings to impose... section 305(a) of Public Law 97-290 (15 U.S.C. 4015(a)). (k) Acting on behalf of the Attorney General with...

Multisided Media Markets: Applying the Theory of Multisided Markets to Media Markets

OpenAIRE

Nadine Lindstädt

2009-01-01

Media markets recently have been identified as multisided markets. The application of the theory of multisided markets provides a better understanding of such markets. It enriched the hitherto economic approach and led to new insights and perspectives especially for the antitrust authorities when evaluating competition constraints and mergers. This paper reviews the theory of multisided markets and subsequently applies it to media markets. Finally the paper draws attention to the new perspect...

28 CFR 49.1 - Purpose.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Purpose. 49.1 Section 49.1 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (CONTINUED) ANTITRUST CIVIL PROCESS ACT § 49.1 Purpose. The regulations in... the Antitrust Civil Process Act, as amended (15 U.S.C. 1313(c)). The terms used in this part shall be...

37 CFR 404.5 - Restrictions and conditions on all licenses granted under this part.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... found by a court of competent jurisdiction to have violated the Federal antitrust laws in connection... construed to confer upon any person any immunity from or defenses under the antitrust laws or from a charge... Federal Government and the public and are not in conflict with law or this part. The following terms and...

Defense of concurrence in the natural gas sector: actual features, problems and proposes of solution; Defesa da concorrencia no setor de gas natural: aspectos atuais, problemas e propostas de solucao

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Souza, Anderson; Sandes, Ingrid [Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN (Brazil). Faculdade de Direito

2004-07-01

The present paper discusses the enforcement of the antitrust law on oil and gas market. The importance of this theme refers to the open of oil and gas market after the constitutional amendment NBR. 09, by making the flexibilization of monopoly on oil and gas reservoirs and introducing the concurrence in this market. The amendment changed also the relationship between State and oil market by leaving the direct action on economy for indirect action and constituting a regulation authority, ANP. Thus, the paper studies the role of the Brazilian antitrust and regulation authorities in the defense of concurrence and the relationship between antitrust enforcement and regulation in the Brazilian oil market scenario. (author)

The Role of Regulatory Agencies and Intellectual Property: Part II.

Science.gov (United States)

Noonan, Kevin E

2015-03-16

Patent law and antitrust law have traditionally been areas of the law involving at least some inherent tension. Champions of antitrust argue that the patent "monopoly" must be strictly limited as an exception to the general legal principle that competition should be unfettered. Patent lawyers argue that patents are the result of an exercise of congressional authority, enshrined in the Constitution, reflecting the policy decision by the Founders that granting a limited exclusionary right was justified by the public benefits derived from full disclosure of the patented invention. In the modern era these competing values have played out in the context of so-called ANDA litigation, involving disputes between branded pharmaceutical companies and generic competitors. Settlement of such litigation has been identified by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), and private parties encouraged by the FTC's position, as an antitrust violation, in large part because such settlements are viewed as frustrating the congressional purpose in promoting early generic competition. After almost a decade of fighting these battles in the federal courts, the Supreme Court addressed the issue directly. The result is that such settlements are not per se illegal but are also not protected by the presumption of patent validity for activities within the "scope of the patent." Rather, the court decided that these agreements should be assessed for antitrust liability under the "rule of reason" used in other antitrust contexts. Copyright © 2015 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; all rights reserved.

The Role of Regulatory Agencies and Intellectual Property: Part II

Science.gov (United States)

Noonan, Kevin E.

2015-01-01

Patent law and antitrust law have traditionally been areas of the law involving at least some inherent tension. Champions of antitrust argue that the patent “monopoly” must be strictly limited as an exception to the general legal principle that competition should be unfettered. Patent lawyers argue that patents are the result of an exercise of congressional authority, enshrined in the Constitution, reflecting the policy decision by the Founders that granting a limited exclusionary right was justified by the public benefits derived from full disclosure of the patented invention. In the modern era these competing values have played out in the context of so-called ANDA litigation, involving disputes between branded pharmaceutical companies and generic competitors. Settlement of such litigation has been identified by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), and private parties encouraged by the FTC’s position, as an antitrust violation, in large part because such settlements are viewed as frustrating the congressional purpose in promoting early generic competition. After almost a decade of fighting these battles in the federal courts, the Supreme Court addressed the issue directly. The result is that such settlements are not per se illegal but are also not protected by the presumption of patent validity for activities within the “scope of the patent.” Rather, the court decided that these agreements should be assessed for antitrust liability under the “rule of reason” used in other antitrust contexts. PMID:25775920

Need-Based Educational Aid Act of 2015 (Public Law 114-44)

Science.gov (United States)

US Congress, 2015

2015-01-01

The Need-Based Educational Aid Act of 2015 (Public Law 114-44) was put in place to improve and reauthorize provisions relating to the application of the antitrust laws to the award of need-based educational aid. The contents for this Act is as follows: (1) Short Title; and (2) Extension Relating to the Application of the Antitrust Laws to the…

Il caso Microsoft

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pierluigi Sabbatini

2012-04-01

Full Text Available The Microsoft case (U.S. vs Microsoft, 1998 is paradigmatic of some of the most important features of an antitrust case, like the definition of relevant markets, the possession of market power and of its abuse. In the software in-dustry companies compete over the standard of interconnection, which can be provided at various levels in the production chain, and the competitive environment cannot therefore be restricted to the typical relevant antitrust market. Not only on account of the problems in defining the antitrust mar-ket in a sensible way but also for other crucial reasons we encountered some difficulty in determining Microsoft's market power with the traditional methods. Hence a new definition of market power has been produced. Within this new framework we have been able to give a precise content to the statement that Microsoft has a market power, which is the pivotal point of the case. We have also shown that changes in the market structure, like the acquisition of Netscape by America on Line, could have substantially lessened this market power to the point where antitrust action is no longer desirable. JEL Codes: L400, L860 

Leniency programs and socially beneficial cooperation: Effects of type I errors

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Natalia Pavlova

2016-12-01

Full Text Available This study operationalizes the concept of hostility tradition in antitrust as mentioned by Oliver Williamson and Ronald Coase through erroneous law enforcement effects. The antitrust agency may commit type I, not just type II, errors when evaluating an agreement in terms of cartels. Moreover, firms can compete in a standard way, collude or engage in cooperative agreements that improve efficiency. The antitrust agency may misinterpret such cooperative agreements, committing a type I error (over-enforcement. The model set-up is drawn from Motta and Polo (2003 and is extended as described above using the findings of Ghebrihiwet and Motchenkova (2010. Three effects play a role in this environment. Type I errors may induce firms that would engage in socially efficient cooperation absent errors to opt for collusion (the deserved punishment effect. For other parameter configurations, type I errors may interrupt ongoing cooperation when investigated. In this case, the firms falsely report collusion and apply for leniency, fearing being erroneously fined (the disrupted cooperation effect. Finally, over-enforcement may prevent beneficial cooperation from starting given the threat of being mistakenly fined (the prevented cooperation effect. The results help us understand the negative impact that a hostility tradition in antitrust — which is more likely for inexperienced regimes and regimes with low standards of evidence — and the resulting type I enforcement errors can have on social welfare when applied to the regulation of horizontal agreements. Additional interpretations are discussed in light of leniency programs for corruption and compliance policies for antitrust violations.

75 FR 8991 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposed Collection; Comment Request; Extension

Science.gov (United States)

2010-02-26

...The information collection requirements described below will be submitted to the Office of Management and Budget (``OMB'') for review, as required by the Paperwork Reduction Act (``PRA''). The FTC is seeking public comments on its proposal to extend through May 31, 2013, the current PRA clearance for information collection requirements contained its Antitrust Improvements Act Rules (``HSR Rules'') and corresponding Notification and Report Form for Certain Mergers and Acquisitions (``Notification and Report Form''). That clearance expires on May 31, 2010.

Multisided Media Markets

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lindstädt, Nadine

Media markets recently have been identified as multisided markets. The application of the theory of multisided markets provides a better understanding of such markets. It enriched the hitherto economic approach and led to new insights and perspectives especially for the antitrust authorities when...... evaluating competition constraints and mergers. This paper reviews the theory of multisided markets and subsequently applies it to media markets. Finally the paper draws attention to the new perspectives and insights the theory provides but also brings open research questions to light....

Defining electricity markets. An arbitrage cost approach

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kleit, A.N.

2001-01-01

Market definition is a crucial component of antitrust policy. There is, however, no universally accepted method of carrying out market definition. While several approaches have been presented in the literature, each has its share of drawbacks. This paper suggests that a modeling technique based upon the theory of arbitrage is well suited to answering this question. After the empirical approach is presented, it is used to calculate antitrust market definitions between electricity hubs in the American West

Rôle et statut de l'économiste dans les affaires de concurrence. Leçons tirées de l'histoire américaine de l'industrie cimentière

OpenAIRE

Hervé Dumez; Alain Jeunemaître

2001-01-01

Economic authors have underlined the deep inroads of economic thinking into competition ( EU ) and antitrust ( US ) policies. Analysing the 70s and 80s, some have gone so far as to refer to this phenomenon as a “revolution” (Kwoka & White [1989] ; Dumez [1990]). Prima facie, they cannot be dismissed. The economics vocabulary and concepts, even when used as rhetoric (McCloskey [1994]), has pervaded in competition and antitrust literature. The various economic criteria set forward in guidance o...

L’audizione di Paolo Sylos Labini dinanzi alla Commissione parlamentare sui problemi del monopolio: quali insegnamenti per il presente. (Paolo Sylos Labini's Testimony at the Italian Parliamentary Inquiry Commission on Competition: Lessons for the Present

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pierluigi Sabbatini

2016-06-01

Full Text Available The author underlines the contributions of Sylos Labini's testimony at the Italian Parliamentary Inquiry Commission on Competition, held in 1962. He focuses on issues of antitrust enforcement, in terms of: accountability, prioritization of Antitrust interventions and checks on market power. Text of the speech given at the conference "Paolo Sylos Labini e la politica delle riforme", held at Sapienza University of Rome on 04 December 2015, organized by the Accademia dei Lincei and Economia civile.

Sobre la International Comity en el sistema de derecho internacional privado de los EE.UU

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francisco Javier Zamora Cabot

2010-01-01

Full Text Available The present Note makes a deep analysis of an important work published by Joel R. Paul in Law and Contemporary Problems about the "Transformation of International Comity". After completing the review of the historical study prepared by the above-mentioned author on the described subject, the Note offers after studying several judicial precedents dealing with antitrust matters, an alternative critique of the results derived from that historical study, in favor of the International Comity as a basic tool for the development of modern Private International Law.

Legal protection in the course and after the completion of procedures for awarding concessions in the energy management and water management; Rechtsschutz im Laufe und nach Beendigung des Konzessionsvergabeverfahrens in der Energie- und Wasserwirtschaft

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Byok, Jan [Kanzlei Dr. Jan Byok, Duesseldorf (Germany); Dierkes, Mathias [Gelsenwasser AG, Recklinghausen (Germany)

2012-07-15

Water management concessions as well as energy management concessions are classified as service concessions or are treated in accordance to the principles of service concessions. The concessions are excluded from the regime of European procurement law and German antitrust law. Companies with an interest in a concession to be awarded are not situation without rights. Companies can review certain decisions judicially in connection with the awarding of concessions. The procedural question raises which legal process can be pursued in order to achieve an effective legal protection by the relevant interested party.

Brazilian industry of natural gas: criteria for definition of relevant markets concerning the defense of competition; Industria brasileira do gas natural: criterios de definicao dos mercados relevantes para efeito de defesa da concorrencia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mano, Gustavo; Tiryaki, Gisele Ferreira [Universidade de Salvador (UNIFACS), BA (Brazil)

2008-07-01

A key point in the examination of the legality of antitrust practices is the delimitation of the relevant markets where the economic relations object of the analysis take place. This is the basis for the evaluation of the market power of the agents involved and the possible harm to competition they may cause. This work offers a study of the criteria for the determination of the relevant market in the scope of the natural gas industry in Brazil. It aims at identifying the performance of the agencies taking part in the Brazilian Antitrust System (SBDC) with regards to the examination of the related antitrust practices. These agencies work in connection with the National Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels Regulatory Agency (ANP), which is responsible for issuing technical reports on the subjects related to its area of competence. The analysis presented here has the main goal of verifying if the most important technical, operational and legal aspects are being adequately considered by the SBDC and ANP in the definition of the relevant markets as a basis for the judgment of the antitrust practices, and if they are coherent with the principles for fostering economic competition. The results points out that, despite the successful cooperation between the SBDC and the ANP, there are the used definition of the relevant markets for the natural gas industry still needs refinement. (author)

Can the New Antimonopoly Act Change the Japanese Business Community? : The 2005 Amendment to Antimonopoly Act and Corporate Compliance

OpenAIRE

Kazukiyo Onishi

2008-01-01

It has been reported in the media that bid rigging is commonly practised in almost all public works projects in Japan. It was also said that the Japanese anti-trust authority, the Japan Fair Trade Commission (JFTC), was a watchdog that did not bite, in spite of having a long history of enforcement since 1947. However, the situation is significantly changing because the Japanese Antimonopoly Act was amended in 2005 to greatly strengthen anti-trust enforcement. The JFTC has already succeeded in...

Confinement of the antitrust control of abuse in the energy sector. At the same time comment to OLG Duesseldorf from 19th October, 2011. Reference VI-3 Kart 1/11 (V) - GAG Ahrensburg; Grenzen der kartellrechtlichen Missbrauchskontrolle im Energiebereich. Zugleich Anmerkung zu OLG Duesseldorf v. 19.10.2011. Az. VI-3 Kart 1/11 (V) - GAG Ahrensburg

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Weyer, Hartmut [Technische Univ. Clausthal, Clausthal-Zellerfeld (Germany)

2012-10-15

Up to the amendment of the Energy Economy Law (EnWG) 2005 the legislator permitted parallel applicability of the Energy Economy law as well as the Restriction of Competition (GWB) to energy situations. Based on the GWB, especially in procedures by competition authorities key decisions on the reliable behaviour of operators of power distribution systems and natural gas distribution systems were disposed. This approach was restricted by the amendment of the EnWG 2005 with the introduction of paragraph 111 EnWG. In compliance with this, this restriction was implemented in paragraph 130 sect. 3 GWB. From now on, paragraph 111 Sect. 1 and 2 EnWG exclude the antitrust control of abuse according to the paragraphs 19, 20 and 29 GWB. With this, the competence of the cartel authorities are excluded in favour of the regulatory legal prescriptions of the EnWG.

Is the world oil market 'one great pool'? A test

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rodriguez, A.E.; Williams, M.D.

1993-01-01

In a recent paper (Weiner, 1991) it was argued that crude oil markets are regionalized, thus challenging the assertion that the world oil market is homogeneous. This argument bears on the effectiveness of various energy policies. It is argued that these policies should be analyzed using constructs such as antitrust markets, rather than in relation to an ad-hoc definition of regionalization like that used by Weiner. Regionalization and geographic antitrust markets, empirics, and policy implications of regional markets are discussed. By drawing clear parallels between the concept of regionalization and antitrust markets, it is shown that: due to Wiener's flawed methodological and empirical approach, it is not clear that crude oil markets are, in fact, regional; and policies that appear at first glance to require regional markets to be effective, may be explained even in a unified world market. Strong evidence is found in support of a unified world oil market. Some policy implications in the area of import taxes are discussed. 35 refs., 1 tab

Horses or unicorns: can paying for performance make quality competition routine?

Science.gov (United States)

Sage, William M; Kalyan, Dev N

2006-06-01

The competitive benefits of pay-for-performance (P4P) financial incentives are widely assumed. These incentives can affect health care through several mechanisms, however, not all of which involve competition. This insight has three implications. First, federal antitrust enforcement should continue to scrutinize P4P arrangements. Second, government needs to play a larger role in P4P than through antitrust oversight. Third, widespread enthusiasm for a particular health policy reform does not relieve policy makers of the obligation to understand its theoretical basis.

Reactor licensing process: a status report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Long, J.A.

1977-01-01

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), in its review of applications for licenses to construct and operate nuclear power plants, is required to consider those measures necessary to ensure the protection of the health and safety of the public and the environment. The article discusses the NRC staff procedures and policies for conducting the detailed safety, environmental, and antitrust reviews that provide the basis for these assurances. Included is a discussion of the improvements to the licensing process currently being proposed or implemented to enhance its stability and predictability for the benefit of all involved with the regulation of nuclear power. The views and opinions expressed in the article are those of the author alone and do not represent positions of the NRC

Boosting INPO's programs with supplier know-how

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Matson, B.

1984-01-01

Nuclear industry suppliers, such as Stone and Webster and Babcock and Wilcox, are key participants in the Institute of Nuclear Power Operators (INPO) effort to promote technical information exchanges throughout the industry and to contribute to INPO training programs. Suppliers have 21 employees on loan to the Institute, although steps must be taken to protect proprietary information and to avoid breaking antitrust laws. Among the NUCLEAR NETWORK programs using supplier expertise is the Significant Event Evaluation and Information Network (SEE-IN), which reviews important reports involving their products. Suppliers benefit by observing evaluation teams at construction sites and plant start-ups

Newspapers and Magazines

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Chandra, Ambarish; Kaiser, Ulrich

2016-01-01

the research on advertising in print media, particularly the question of whether readers value print advertising as a good or a bad thing. We summarize the research on antitrust-related issues in newspaper markets, including mergers, joint operating agreements, and vertical price restrictions. We then review......We review the Economics literature on newspapers and magazines. Our emphasis is on the newspaper industry, especially in the United States, given that this has been the focus of existing research. We first discuss the structure of print media markets, describing the rise in the number of daily...... newspapers during the early twentieth century and then the steady decline since the 1940s. We discuss print media in the context of two-sided markets, noting that empirical papers on the newspaper industry were some of the earliest studies to use the techniques of two-sided market estimation. We then review...

Owners of nuclear power plants: Percentage ownership of commercial nuclear power plants by utility companies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wood, R.S.

1987-08-01

The following list indicates percentage ownership of commercial nuclear power plants by utility companies as of June 1, 1987. The list includes all plants licensed to operate, under construction, docked for NRC safety and environmental reviews, or under NRC antitrust review. It does not include those plants announced but not yet under review or those plants formally canceled. In many cases, ownership may be in the process of changing as a result of altered financial conditions, changed power needs, and other reasons. However, this list reflects only those ownership percentages of which the NRC has been formally notified. Part I lists plants alphabetically with their associated applicants/licensees and percentage ownership. Part II lists applicants/licensees alphabetically with their associated plants and percentage ownership. Part I also indicates which plants have received operating licenses (OL's). Footnotes for both parts appear at the end of this document

Il Riparto di Competenze tra Autorità Indipendenti nella Repressione delle Pratiche Commerciali Scorrette

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Livia Lorenzoni

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Since the adoption of the European directive on unfair commercial practices, its provisions started to apply alongside the existing sector-specific European legislation on consumer protection. With the aim of ensuring a coherent system of European consumer law, the directive stated that, in the case of conflict between its rules and other Community law regulating specific aspects of unfair commercial practices, the latter shall prevail and apply to those aspects. The directive, however, did not mandate any enforcement mechanism at the national level. The Italian legislation which implemented the European directive conferred a general enforcement power on unfair commercial practices to the national antitrust authority. Italian law was not, however, very clear regarding the competence of the agency in markets subject to the oversight of a different sector-specific authority. This issue was raised before the Italian administrative law Court which, at first, seemed to limit the general competence of the antitrust authority in fields where the contested practices were also considered by sector-specific regulation. For this reason, the European Commission started an infringement proceeding against Italy for not having correctly implemented the directive on unfair commercial practices.As a consequence, a recent reform in Italian law conferred the antitrust authority an exclusive competence to combat unfair commercial practices also in regulated sectors, after having consulted the sector-specific regulator, apart when the breach of sector-specific regulation does not result in an unfair commercial practice. After the adoption of this provision, the Italian administrative judge finally interpreted the law on unfair commercial practice consistently with the European directive. The Court denied that the adoption of secondary legislation by a national sector-specific regulators can exclude the application of the general provisions on unfair commercial

Legislation in the electricity economy 1980

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Antoni, W.; Haeusler, C.; Hermann, H.P.; Meyer-Woebse, G.; Schmidt, K.

1981-01-01

The authors survey substantial developments of legislation in the electricity economy in 1980. They deal with prominent, legal subjects of a political nature and discuss questions posed by the interpretation and application of laws with regard to supply concepts, to the 4th amendment to the anti-trust law, to legislation relating to the anti-trust law, to recommendations by the Investigation Committee, to rate approvals, general terms and conditions governing supplies, to atomic energy law, to the environmental protection law, to the law relating to the conservation of nature and preservation of rural amenities, to the law relating to roads and to developments of tax laws. (HSCH) [de

Competition Advocacy: the Italian Experience

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Salvatore Rebecchini

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Competition advocacy is considered, together with enforcement, the core business of an antitrust authority. Broadly speaking there are at least three main tasks regularly performed by most, if not all, antitrust agencies that are amenable to the advocacy function: addressing laws and regulations in order to remove unnecessary impediments to competition; engaging in sector enquiries to understand markets behavior and identify critical issues; explaining the benefits of open competitive markets to the public opinion. This article examines these three main tasks and outlines the challenges for competition agencies, with references to the experience of the Italian Competition Authority (ICA and the initiatives undertaken at international level.

77 FR 38831 - Antitrust Division

Science.gov (United States)

2012-06-29

... Production Act of 1993--Bluetooth Sig, Inc. Notice is hereby given that, on May 30, 2012, pursuant to Section... Act''), Bluetooth SIG, Inc. has filed written notifications simultaneously with the Attorney General... Bluetooth SIG, Inc., Kirkland, WA. The nature and scope of Bluetooth SIG, Inc.'s standards development...

75 FR 70031 - Antitrust Division

Science.gov (United States)

2010-11-16

...) operate a branding program based upon distinctive trademarks to create high customer awareness of, demand... or subcontract a branding program; (vii) create printed and/or electronic materials for distribution...

Oil company mergers raise concern among some geoscientists

Science.gov (United States)

Showstack, Randy

With the blessings of the antitrust regulatory agencies and the ghost of John D. Rockefeller, the proposed marriage between Exxon and Mobil would create the world's largest energy company and corporation of any type. This merger also would reunite the two biggest pieces of Rockefeller's Standard Oil Company, which the U.S. Supreme Court ordered dismantled in 1911 in an antitrust case.Exxon, Mobil, and financial analysts say the merger is driven by the need to operate more efficiently in a tough, competitive environment. The price of oil, after all, recently has been scraping near bottom of the barrel at about $11 per barrel, and companies often need to muster significant capital resources to develop more remote reservoirs.

10 CFR 1.15 - Atomic Safety and Licensing Board Panel.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

..., physicists, engineers, and environmental scientists; and Administrative Law Judges, who hear antitrust, civil... Administrative Law Judges and makes appropriate recommendations to the Commission concerning the rules governing...

The cost conundrum: financing the business of health care insurance.

Science.gov (United States)

Kelly, Annemarie

2013-01-01

Health care spending in both the governmental and private sectors skyrocketed over the last century. This article examines the rapid growth of health care expenditures by analyzing the extent of this financial boom as well some of the reasons why health care financing has become so expensive. It also explores how the market concentration of insurance companies has led to growing insurer profits, fewer insurance providers, and less market competition. Based on economic data primarily from the Government Accountability Office, the Kaiser Family Foundation, and the American Medical Associa tion, it has become clear that this country needs more competitive rates for the business of health insurance. Because of the unique dynamics of health insurance payments and financing, America needs to promote affordability and innovation in the health insurance market and lower the market's high concentration levels. In the face of booming insurance profits, soaring premiums, many believe that in our consolidated health insurance market, the "business of insurance" should not be exempt from antitrust laws. All in all, it is in our nation's best interest that Congress restore the application of antitrust laws to health sector insurers by passing the Health Insurance Industry Antitrust Enforcement Act as an amendment to the McCarran-Ferguson Act's "business of insurance" provision.

Find a Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Physician

Science.gov (United States)

... 737-6000 Privacy Policy Terms of Use Antitrust Policy Contact AAPM&R Sitemap Residents Medical Students Patients & Family Member Councils Central Nervous System Rehabilitation General and Medical Rehabilitation ...

78 FR 49768 - Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993-Joint Task-Force...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-08-15

...; Ciena, Kanata, Ontario, CANADA; Cinegy, Munich, GERMANY; Cisco, San Jose, CA; Cobalt Digital Inc... speed-up content time-to-market. Patricia A. Brink, Director of Civil Enforcement, Antitrust Division...

77 FR 26044 - Notice of Lodging of Proposed Consent Decree Under the Comprehensive Environmental Response...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-05-02

...-to-pay'' settlement based on financial analyses conducted by the Department's Antitrust Corporate Finance Unit. Senser Metal and Mr. Senser's Estate (represented by Kenneth Senser as the Executor the...

Vertical Integration of Hospitals and Physicians: Economic Theory and Empirical Evidence on Spending and Quality.

Science.gov (United States)

Post, Brady; Buchmueller, Tom; Ryan, Andrew M

2017-08-01

Hospital-physician vertical integration is on the rise. While increased efficiencies may be possible, emerging research raises concerns about anticompetitive behavior, spending increases, and uncertain effects on quality. In this review, we bring together several of the key theories of vertical integration that exist in the neoclassical and institutional economics literatures and apply these theories to the hospital-physician relationship. We also conduct a literature review of the effects of vertical integration on prices, spending, and quality in the growing body of evidence ( n = 15) to evaluate which of these frameworks have the strongest empirical support. We find some support for vertical foreclosure as a framework for explaining the observed results. We suggest a conceptual model and identify directions for future research. Based on our analysis, we conclude that vertical integration poses a threat to the affordability of health services and merits special attention from policymakers and antitrust authorities.

77 FR 9266 - Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993-Pistoia Alliance...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-02-16

... filed for the purpose of extending the Act's provisions limiting the recovery of antitrust plaintiffs to... LLC, San Diego, CA; Unilever (UK) Central Resources Limited, London, United Kingdom; Ian Harrow...

Unbundling of a energy supply company? Accordung to the proposal of the Federal Ministry of Economy; Entflechtung von Energieversorgungsunternehmen? Zum Vorschlag des Bundeswirtschaftsministeriums

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Moeschel, Wernhard [Tuebingen Univ. (Germany). Wirtschaftsrecht

2011-04-15

The proposal from the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany) to supplement the Law against the Restriction of Competition (GWB) is discussed extremely controversial. The author of the contribution under consideration rejects the reference of the concept to legislative models. In particular, the antitrust laws of the United States of America is misleading. A demand for such a drastic instrument is not visible. Even in the energy sector it could not be applied. A convincing theoretical basis for competition is missing. The author considers the decisive argument against the implementation of those plans in the risk of their political abuse. The author shows in detail that this risk is ubiquitous at all levels of the antitrust law.

75 FR 79024 - Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993-Cooperative...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-12-17

... of antitrust plaintiffs to actual damages under specified circumstances. Specifically, Toyota Motor Corporation, Shizuoka, JAPAN, has been added as a party to this venture. No other changes have been made in...

45 CFR 702.13 - Intimidation of witnesses.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... investigative demand duly and properly made under the Antitrust Civil Process Act, willfully withholds... endeavors to influence, obstruct, or impede the due and proper administration of the law under which any...

21 CFR 10.95 - Participation in outside standard-setting activities.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... designed for the economic benefit of any company, group, or organization, will not be used for such antitrust violations as fixing prices or hindering competition, and will not involve establishment of...

14 CFR 385.13 - Authority of the Director, Office of International Aviation.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... and rate matters under section 41309, and granting or denying antitrust immunity under section 41308..., which support or oppose agreements, and prescribing the particular types of data to be included in such...

76 FR 56678 - Energy Efficiency Program for Consumer Products: Public Meeting and Availability of the Framework...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-09-14

... other commercial matters regulated by U.S. antitrust laws. A court reporter will record the proceedings... Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPAct 1992), Public Law 102-486, established energy conservation standards for...

76 FR 21006 - United States and State of New York v. Stericycle, Inc., et al.; Proposed Final Judgment and...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-04-14

.... By: /s/ Richard L. Schwartz, Acting Chief, Antitrust Bureau. /s/ Richard E. Grimm, Assistant Attorney...-6015 E-mail: Richard.Grimm@ag.ny.gov E-mail: [email protected] United States District Court for...

26 CFR 1.61-14 - Miscellaneous items of gross income.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... as treble damages under the antitrust laws and exemplary damages for fraud are gross income. Another... by law. Illegal gains constitute gross income. Treasure trove, to the extent of its value in United...

Information Exchange, Market Transparency and Dynamic Oligopoly

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Møllgaard, H. Peter; Overgaard, Per Baltzer

Economic literature often offers conflicting views on the likely efficiency effects of information exchanges, communication between firms, and market transparency. On the one hand, it is argued that increased information dissemination improves firm planning to the benefit of society (including...... buyers) and allows potential buyers to make correct decisions given their preferences. On the other hand, economic literature also shows that increased information dissemination can raise prices through tacit or explicit collusion to the benefit of firms but at the expense of society at large....... This chapter provides a general analytical framework to reconcile these views and presents some basic conclusions for antitrust practice. In addition, the chapter reviews cases from both sides of the Atlantic where informational issues have played a significant role....

Antitrust as facilitating factor for collusion

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bos, A.M.; Letterie, W.A.; Vermeulen, A.J.

2013-01-01

We study collusion in an infinitely repeated prisoners' dilemma when firms' discount factor is private information. If tacit collusion is not feasible, firms that are capable of sustaining high prices may still be willing and able to collude explicitly. Firms eager to collude may signal their

EUROPEAN INFLUENCE ON ETHIOPIAN ANTITRUST REGIME:

African Journals Online (AJOL)

eliasn

Introduction. Despite a noticeable European influence on the Ethiopian competition legal regime, some aspects of Ethiopia's 2003 Trade Practice Proclamation are still inadequate to appropriately deal with certain competition problems. The limitations of the rules need to be put right since achievement of the very goals of ...

77 FR 48108 - Energy Conservation Standards for Commercial Clothes Washers: Public Meeting and Availability of...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-08-13

... commercial matters regulated by U.S. antitrust laws. After the public meeting and the expiration of the.... Code, for editorial reasons.) The Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005), Public Law 109-58, further...

Congress of Neurological Surgeons

Science.gov (United States)

... Newsletter Antitrust Drugs & Devices Emergency - Trauma Care & Stroke Fraud & Abuse Graduate Medical Education Guidelines MACRA Medical Liability ... Service Connect With Us Connect with us on Facebook Connect with us on Twitter Connect with us ...

New Toys For Old Games: eBooks – iTroubles

OpenAIRE

Jay Himes; Meegan Hollywood

2012-01-01

While the innovations of Apple may reflect significant industry advances and offer considerable consumer benefits, still, the antitrust laws cannot be jettisoned to accomplish such goals. Jay L. Himes & Meegan Hollywood (Labaton Sucharow LLP)

77 FR 15125 - United States v. Morgan Stanley; Public Comments and Response on Proposed Final Judgment

Science.gov (United States)

2012-03-14

..., expense and inevitable risk of litigation.'' United States v. Armour and Co., 402 U.S. 673, 681 (1971... antitrust consent decrees negotiated pre-trial. \\22\\ Cf: Armour, 402 U.S. at 681 (interpreting consent...

75 FR 47810 - Granting of Request for Early Termination of the Waiting Period Under the Premerger Notification...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-08-09

...-Scott Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, requires persons contemplating certain mergers or... status Party name 30-JUN-10 20100840 G Li & Fung Limited. G Steven Kahn. G The Max Leather Group, Inc. G...

What has changed in the 8th amendment of the GWB for the energy industry, water resource management and district heating industry?; Was aendert sich durch die 8. GWB-Novelle fuer die Energie-, Wasser- und Fernwaermewirtschaft?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Haellmigk, Christian F.; Pelka, Sascha C. [Sozietaet CMS Hasche Sigle, Stuttgart (Germany)

2013-01-15

Compared with the Restriction of Competition (GWB) in its actual version, the eighth amendment of the GWB provides modifications especially in the misuse control, in the fusion control, in the cartel regulation adversity law and sanctions with respect to the factual application areas of the GWB. Under this aspect, the authors of the contribution under consideration report on the modifications of the general antitrust regulations with special impacts on the energy industry, water resources management and district heating industry. Furthermore, the authors report on a prolongation of the special misuse control in the energy industry with respect to paragraph 29 GWB as well as on the transfer of the special antitrust misuse regulations for the water resource management. Innovations in the range of legal consequences of a violation of the GWB are presented.

75 FR 10567 - Commerce Acquisition Regulation (CAR)

Science.gov (United States)

2010-03-08

... regulations, Federal acquisition regulations, Government procurement, Government contracts, Procurement, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements. 48 CFR Part 1302 Definitions, Government procurement, Terms. 48 CFR Part 1303 Antitrust, Conflict of interests, Ethical conduct, Government procurement, Reporting and...

76 FR 6708 - Orderly Liquidation Termination Provision in Swap Trading Relationship Documentation for Swap...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-02-08

... mechanism led to the need for government bail outs of financial companies considered ``too big to fail'' and... of the proposed rules with their comment letters. List of Subjects in 17 CFR Part 23 Antitrust...

78 FR 33262 - Energy Efficiency Program for Commercial and Industrial Equipment: Public Meeting and...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-06-04

... information, costs or prices, market shares, or other commercial matters regulated by U.S. antitrust laws. A... Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975 (EPCA), Public Law 94-163 (42 U.S.C. 6291-6309) established...

The Leniency Agreement as Antitrust Guardianship instrument in Brazil Abrir no Google Tradutor Feedback Google Tradutor https://translate.google.com.br/?hl=pt-BR Inglês. Português. Espanhol. Detectar idioma. Português. Inglês. Espanhol. Traduzir texto ou ... Participe da comunidade do Google Tradutor. Google Tradutor ... Google Tradutor https://translate.google.com.br/?hl=pt-PT Inglês. Português. Francês. Detectar idioma. Português. Inglês. Francês. Traduzir texto ou página Web. Escreva texto ou o endereço de um Web site ou traduza ... Tradutor Inglês Português tradutor.babylon-software.com/ingles/portugues/ Tradutor Inglês para Português Gratuito da Babylon. Traduza Inglês Português ou simplesmente baixe o nosso dicionário de definições e traduções gratuito. Reverso | Tradução online grátis, dicionário www.reverso.net/text_translation.aspx?lang=PT Reverso.net: serviço de tradução gratuita em Inglês, Português, Francês, Espanhol, Italiano, Alemão, Russo, Hebraico, Chinês, Japonês. Tradutor Ingles Português www.tradutoringlesportugues.biz/ Tradutor Ingles Português livre, O tradutor traduz qualquer texto de Português para Inglês e de Inglês para Português. Tradutor Português-Inglês www.tradutor24x7.com/portugues/ingles/ Livre Português para a tradução Inglês. Traduzir Português para Inglês on-line gratuito. Tradutor Inglês-Português www.tradutor24x7.com/ingles/portugues/ Livre Inglês para a tradução Português. Traduzir Inglês para Português on-line gratuito. Tradutor Online, Tradutor Inglês Português - Guia de Mulher www.guiademulher.com.br/tradutor.htm Tradutor inglês português, tradutor online de textos do inglês para o português. Ferramenta de idiomas. Use aqui o tradutor do google. Dicionário Inglês-Português - Tradução - bab.la pt.bab.la/dicionario/ingles-portugues/ Pesquisar no dicionário Inglês-Português: Encontre uma tradução para português no dicionário de inglês gratuito do bab

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Maria Ramos

2016-06-01

Full Text Available The market economy countries have significant concerns with the restraint of trade, requiring constitute regulatory frameworks and mechanisms to protect economic competition, so that economic efficiency is governed by legislation determined by the State. To mitigate the problems arising from the formation of a cartel that prevent free competition, causing damage to the community, the Office of the leniency agreement arises, administered by the Board of Directors and Economic Defense - CADE - the body responsible for prevention and repression of offenses against economic order. The leniency agreement is one of the most effective tools used by antitrust authorities to provide effective enforcement of antitrust law as regards the repression of anti-competitive practices although there are some contradictions in the field of ethics. In fulfilling the leniency agreement, the proposing informer may have the extinction of the punitive action or reduction of one to two thirds of the penalty applicable at the administrative level and in the criminal context, automatically terminate the punishment of crimes against the economic order.

Anatomy of a Cancer Treatment Scam

Medline Plus

Full Text Available ... Copy of My Credit Report File a Comment Open for Comment Report An Antitrust Violation File Documents ... FEAR Act USA.gov Accessibility Digital Government Strategy Open Government Federal Trade Commission Headquarters: 600 Pennsylvania Avenue, ...

Anatomy of a Cancer Treatment Scam

Medline Plus

Full Text Available ... For Consumers For Military Consumers Business Center Advertising & Marketing Credit & Finance Guidance Privacy & Security Selected Industries Protecting ... Antitrust Violation File Documents in Adjudicative Proceedings Site Information Privacy Policy Website Policy No FEAR Act USA. ...

Market delineation and system competition. The 'Bedarfsmarktkonzept' on trial; Marktabgrenzung und Systemwettbewerb. Das Bedarfsmarktkonzept auf dem Pruefstand

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vahrenholt, Oliver

2011-07-01

The fundamental research question of this thesis is whether, and under conditions, competitive constraints arising out of competition between systems should be reflected in antitrust market delineation. In order to answer this question, it is necessary to understand the function of market delineation in antitrust law. This is the first research question the thesis addresses. The function of market delineation is intrinsically tied to the concept of market power. Market power and its possible negative effects on total welfare and especially on consumer welfare serve as the central legitimation for governmental intervention into the free play of market forces. In order to see how system competition fits into this free play of market forces and how market power can be established in light of these constraining forces, the central economic mechanism of system competition have to be understood. This leads to the second research question to be answered by this dissertation. The final, central question raised and answered in this thesis is how can market delineation perform its task in the presence of system competition forces, and which concepts are most suitable for accomplishing this end. A concrete concept - devised for the needs of ''everyday'' antitrust practice - is given at the end of this work. And, with this concept, the research goal is achieved: to constructively criticize the Bedarfsmarktkonzept as a market delineation instrument in cases of system competition.

Can Collusion Promote Sustainable Consumption and Production?

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Schinkel, M.P.; Spiegel, Y.

Several competition authorities consider the exemption of horizontal agreements among firms from antitrust liability if the agreements sufficiently promote public interest objectives such as sustainable consumption and production. We show that when consumers value sustainable products and firms

37 CFR 404.4 - Authority to grant licenses.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... past infringement. Any license shall not confer on any person immunity from the antitrust laws or from... immunized from the operation of state or federal law by reason of the source of the grant. [71 FR 11512, Mar...

76 FR 17160 - Notice of Finding of No Significant Antitrust Changes and Time for Filing Requests for...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-03-28

... was determined that none of the changes resulted from abuse of TVA's market power. In its review of... activity associated with abuse of its market power. In relation to TVA's customers, TVA projected a... TVA is allowed to supply and sell power is still dictated by Section 15d(a) of the TVA Act. But, TVA...

75 FR 11564 - Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act Of 1993-Telemanagement Forum

Science.gov (United States)

2010-03-11

... were filed for the purpose of extending the Act's provisions limiting the recovery of antitrust... computing and networking services, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS; Sincera Consulting, LLC, Manchester, NH; SMI...-Enterprise, High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, UNITED KINGDOM; Arismore, Saint-Cloud cedex, FRANCE; ASTELLIA...

22 CFR 34.3 - Exceptions.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... regulations (see 48 CFR part 32). (c) Debts based in whole or in part on conduct in violation of the antitrust laws, or in regard to which there is an indication of fraud, presentation of a false claim, or...

Political and Economic Decisions and Competition – What is the Efficient Antimonopoly Policy?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Irakli Lekvinadze

2014-03-01

Full Text Available This article discusses the influence of economic decisions which affect the antitrust and competition support policies. Many countries provide governmental initiatives for improving antirust legislation. There is an effort to develop efficient legislation, to define market boundaries, to identify dominating companies, and to prevent cartel development. A review of the literature has shown that refined legislation does not work. Qualified and non-politicized economic decisions are required to provide fair and equitable competition in the marketplace. The discussions of various researchers are profiled on the economic issues. This article analyzes The Republic of Georgia’s 20 year unique market experiences in Eastern Europe. Recommendations have been proposed to increase the effectiveness of an anti-monopoly policy. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4

75 FR 40851 - Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993-Connected Media...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-14

... of antitrust plaintiffs to actual damages under specified circumstances. Specifically, Warner Music Group, New York, NY; Push Entertainment LTD., Bath, UNITED KINGDOM; MOD Systems Incorporated, Seattle, WA; PacketVideo Corporation, San Diego, CA; BACH Technology AS, Bergen, NORWAY; Sony Corporation of...

12 CFR 7.3001 - Sharing space and employees.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... antitrust laws. ... law; (4) All aspects of the relationship between the bank and the other business are conducted at arm... complies with 12 U.S.C. 29 and 36 and with any other applicable laws and regulations. If the arrangement...

76 FR 19788 - Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993-Telemanagement Forum

Science.gov (United States)

2011-04-08

... notifications were filed for the purpose of extending the Act's provisions limiting the recovery of antitrust...-LLC, Dubai, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES; Ciminko, Luxembourg, LUXEMBOURG; Cloud Scope Technologies, Inc... computing and networking services, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS; Savvion, Santa Clara, CA; Site of Knowledge Group...

77 FR 40086 - Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993-Connected Media...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-07-06

... of antitrust plaintiffs to actual damages under specified circumstances. Specifically, Microsoft... other changes have been made in either the membership or planned activity of the group research project. Membership in this group research project remains open, and CMX intends to file additional written...

76 FR 12370 - Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993-Green Seal, Inc.

Science.gov (United States)

2011-03-07

... and coatings, paper products, personal care products and service, restaurants and food services, and... recovery of antitrust plaintiffs to actual damages under specified circumstances. Pursuant to Section 6(b... are: Green Seal's standards focus on significant opportunities to reduce a product, service, or...

Bank competition efficiency in Europe : A frontier approach

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bolt, Wilko; Humphrey, David

There are numerous ways to indicate the degree of banking competition across countries. Antitrust authorities rely on the structure-conduct-performance paradigm while academics prefer price mark-ups (Lerner index) or correlations of input costs with output prices (H-statistic). These measures are

Self-Disclosure at International Cartels

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Brenner, Steffen

2011-01-01

We study revelation behavior at illegal international cartels. Our hypotheses suggest that a resource advantage induces executives of large multinational enterprises (MNEs) to be more likely to reveal the cartel and to cooperate with the antitrust agency during the prosecution stage. Moreover, we...

75 FR 77576 - General Regulations and Derivatives Clearing Organizations

Science.gov (United States)

2010-12-13

... Derivatives Clearing Organizations AGENCY: Commodity Futures Trading Commission. ACTION: Notice of proposed... derivatives clearing organization (DCO) Core Principles A (Compliance), H (Rule Enforcement), N (Antitrust... commission merchant (FCM) that is also registered as a securities broker-dealer (FCM/BD), and make certain...

Essays on bid rigging

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Seres, Gyula

2016-01-01

Manipulating prices in auctions raises antitrust concerns. Collusion lowers the revenue of the auctioneer and creates information rents. Bid rigging is a prevalent phenomenon and the affected market is enormous. Public procurement amounts to between 10 and 25 percent of national GDP in

Settle for now but block for tomorrow: the deterrence effects of merger policy tools

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Seldeslachts, J.; Clougherty, J.A.; Barros, P.P.

2009-01-01

Antitrust policy involves not just the regulation of anticompetitive behavior but also an important deterrence effect. Neither scholars nor policy makers have fully researched the deterrence effects of merger policy tools because they have been unable to empirically measure these effects. We

78 FR 58559 - Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993-Cable Television...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-09-24

... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Antitrust Division Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993--Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. Notice is hereby given that, on August 26, 2013... seq. (``the Act''), Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. (``CableLabs'') has filed written...

77 FR 74877 - Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993; Cable Television...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-12-18

... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Antitrust Division Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993; Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. Notice is hereby given that, on November 13, 2012... seq. (``the Act''), Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. (``CableLabs'') has filed written...

78 FR 49770 - Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993-Cable Television...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-08-15

... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Antitrust Division Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993--Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. Notice is hereby given that, on July 9, 2013... seq. (``the Act''), Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. (``CableLabs'') has filed written...

78 FR 54277 - Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993-Cable Television...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-09-03

... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Antitrust Division Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993--Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. Notice is hereby given that, on August 1, 2013... seq. (``the Act''), Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. (``CableLabs'') has filed written...

75 FR 79025 - Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993-Cable Television...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-12-17

... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Antitrust Division Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993--Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. Notice is hereby given that, on November 4, 2010... seq. (``the Act''), Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. (``CableLabs'') has filed written...

77 FR 28405 - Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993-Petroleum...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-05-14

... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Antitrust Division Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993--Petroleum Environmental Research Forum Notice is hereby given that, on April 17, 2012... seq. (``the Act''), Petroleum Environmental Research Forum (``PERF'') has filed written notifications...

77 FR 61786 - Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993-Petroleum...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-10-11

... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Antitrust Division Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993--Petroleum Environmental Research Forum Notice is hereby given that, on September 10....C. 4301 et seq. (``the Act''), Petroleum Environmental Research Forum (``PERF'') has filed written...

77 FR 54612 - Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993-Petroleum...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-09-05

... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Antitrust Division Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993--Petroleum Environmental Research Forum Notice is hereby given that, on July 5, 2012... seq. (``the Act''), Petroleum Environmental Research Forum (``PERF'') has filed written notifications...

77 FR 26583 - Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993-Petroleum...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-05-04

... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Antitrust Division Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993--Petroleum Environmental Research Forum Project No. 2011-01, Ultra Low Nutrient...''), Petroleum Environmental Research Forum (PERF) Project No. 2011-01, Ultra Low Nutrient Control in Wastewater...

77 FR 14046 - Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993-Petroleum...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-03-08

... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Antitrust Division Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993--Petroleum Environmental Research Forum Notice is hereby given that, on January 31....C. 4301 et seq. (``the Act''), Petroleum Environmental Research Forum (``PERF'') has filed written...

76 FR 78044 - Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993-Petroleum...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-12-15

... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Antitrust Division Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993--Petroleum Environmental Research Forum Notice is hereby given that, on November 1....C. 4301 et seq. (``the Act''), Petroleum Environmental Research Forum (``PERF'') has filed written...

75 FR 45156 - Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993-Petroleum...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-08-02

... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Antitrust Division Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993--Petroleum Environmental Research Forum Notice is hereby given that, on June 2, 2010... seq. (``the Act''), Petroleum Environmental Research Forum (``PERF'') has filed written notifications...

77 FR 40086 - Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993-Petroleum...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-07-06

... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Antitrust Division Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993--Petroleum Environmental Research Forum Notice is hereby given that, on June 8, 2012... seq. (``the Act''), Petroleum Environmental Research Forum (``PERF'') has filed written notifications...

Attorney General forces Infectious Diseases Society of America to redo Lyme guidelines due to flawed development process.

Science.gov (United States)

Johnson, L; Stricker, R B

2009-05-01

Lyme disease is one of the most controversial illnesses in the history of medicine. In 2006 the Connecticut Attorney General launched an antitrust investigation into the Lyme guidelines development process of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA). In a recent settlement with IDSA, the Attorney General noted important commercial conflicts of interest and suppression of scientific evidence that had tainted the guidelines process. This paper explores two broad ethical themes that influenced the IDSA investigation. The first is the growing problem of conflicts of interest among guidelines developers, and the second is the increasing centralisation of medical decisions by insurance companies, which use treatment guidelines as a means of controlling the practices of individual doctors and denying treatment for patients. The implications of the first-ever antitrust investigation of medical guidelines and the proposed model to remediate the tainted IDSA guidelines process are also discussed.

An economic assessment of patent settlements in the pharmaceutical industry.

Science.gov (United States)

Dickey, Bret; Orszag, Jonathan; Tyson, Laura

2010-01-01

This article demonstrates that in recent years, patent settlements between branded and generic manufacturers involving "reverse payments" from branded manufacturers to generic manufacturers have received close antitrust scrutiny, driven by concerns that such settlements harm consumers by delaying the entry of lower-priced generic drugs. The authors note that such settlements will be a focus of the Obama Administration's antitrust enforcement policy, yet there is a growing consensus among the courts that such settlements are anticompetitive only under narrow sets of circumstances. In this article, the authors present an analytical framework for evaluating the competitive effects of patent settlements, including those involving reverse payments, and demonstrate that these settlements can benefit consumers. Thus, the authors conclude that while continued scrutiny of such settlements is important, broad brush treatments are inappropriate and only a more individualized evaluation can correctly determine the competitive effects of a particular settlement agreement.

Legal and regulatory education and training needs in the healthcare industry.

Science.gov (United States)

Henson, Steve W; Burke, Debra; Crow, Stephen M; Hartman, Sandra J

2005-01-01

As in any other industry, laws and regulations significantly impact the functioning of the healthcare industry. Some laws, such as those relating to malpractice and social insurance systems, affect the manner in which the industry operates. Other laws, such as those regulating antitrust and employment practices, affect the organization and the environment in which the industry operates. It is increasingly important that practitioners and managers be cognizant of this complex and dynamic legal minefield. This study examined healthcare managers and executives' knowledge of 9 key issues in the legal and regulatory environment of the healthcare industry. Specifically, the study focused on knowledge concerning tort and contract liability, insurance law, labor and employment regulation, criminal and ethical responsibility, antitrust regulation, the law governing business associations and recent developments. Findings suggest that the levels of knowledge required to manage legal and regulatory issues are much greater than the existing levels of knowledge.

Recent Developments in German Corporate Governance

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Goergen, M.; Manjon, M.C.; Renneboog, L.D.R.

2004-01-01

We contrast the features of the German corporate governance system with those of other systems and discuss the recent regulatory initiatives.For example, the rules on insider trading and anti-trust have been strengthened.The Restructuring Act has been revised to prevent minority shareholders from

Collusion in the Dutch construction industry: an industrial organization perspective

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Doree, Andries G.

2004-01-01

Several investigations by parliament, cabinet, justice and antitrust authorities have shown a widespread use of cartels and structural bid rigging within the Dutch construction industry. The reputation of the Dutch construction industry has been dented with both the general public and clients. As a

78 FR 9939 - Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993-U.S. Photovoltaic...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-02-12

... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Antitrust Division Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993--U.S. Photovoltaic Manufacturing Consortium, Inc. Notice is hereby given that, on..., 15 U.S.C. 4301 et seq. (``the Act''), U.S. Photovoltaic Manufacturing Consortium, Inc. (``USPVMC...

78 FR 58559 - Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993-U.S. Photovoltaic...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-09-24

... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Antitrust Division Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993--U.S. Photovoltaic Manufacturing Consortium, Inc. Notice is hereby given that, on..., 15 U.S.C. 4301 et seq. (``the Act''), U.S. Photovoltaic Manufacturing Consortium, Inc. (``USPVMC...

78 FR 73884 - Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993; National...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-12-09

..., Norman, OK; Helicon Chemical Company LLC, Orlando, FL; Lewis Machine & Tool Company, Milan, IL; Lund..., Blackhawk Management, Houston, TX; Blue Juice, Inc., San Rafael, CA; Engineering and Management Executives... FR 52787). Patricia A. Brink, Director of Civil Enforcement, Antitrust Division. [FR Doc. 2013-29272...

75 FR 30440 - Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993-ASTM International

Science.gov (United States)

2010-06-01

... Production Act of 1993--ASTM International Notice is hereby given that, on May 6, 2010, pursuant to Section 6... Act''), ASTM International (``ASTM'') has filed written notifications simultaneously with the Attorney... recovery of antitrust plaintiffs to actual damages under specified circumstances. Specifically, ASTM has...

Optimal enforcement of competition law

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Motchenkova, E.

2005-01-01

Despite the recent theoretical developments in the field of antitrust law enforcement, much still needs to be done in order to prevent collusion and price-fixing in the major indiustries. Although penalties were recently increased considerably and new instruments of cartel deterrence such as

78 FR 7455 - Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993-Heterogeneous...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-02-01

... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Antitrust Division Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and... Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA; Ceva Inc., Mountain View, CA... the Act. The Department of Justice published a notice in the Federal Register pursuant to Section 6(b...

Regulation and competition in United Kingdom electricity and gas industries

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

McGowan, F.

1992-01-01

Focussing on the role of regulation in developing competition, this paper reviews the development of a regulation system to monitor and control prices, as well as, quality of service, in the UK's recently privatized electricity and gas industries. The review covers: the control mechanisms applied to the natural gas tariff and contract markets in the area of common carriage; performance monitoring and the concept of yardstick competition in the electric power industry; and the management and control, by OFFER (Office of Electricity Regulation), of the total 'pool' of generated electricity. It is noted that whereas Great Britain's particular energy supply situation permits this nation to attempt privatization/competition regulation, the energy balances of other European countries make similar attempts, for them, risky. The UK experience with privatization/competition regulation so far has shown that regulation is indispensable in guaranteeing competition, and that the incorporation of the controlling board within the framework of anti-trust legislation and the granting of full autonomy to this board has greatly favoured its effectiveness

28 CFR 49.2 - Duties of custodian.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Duties of custodian. 49.2 Section 49.2 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (CONTINUED) ANTITRUST CIVIL PROCESS ACT § 49.2 Duties of custodian. (a) Upon taking physical possession of documentary material, answers to interrogatories, or...

78 FR 4439 - United States

Science.gov (United States)

2013-01-22

... prices for chiropractic services in Oklahoma. Antitrust law treats naked agreements among competitors that set prices as per se illegal.\\2\\ Where competitors economically integrate in a joint venture... that is designed to control costs and assure quality of care by monitoring over-utilization of health...

Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (77th, Atlanta, Georgia, August 10-13, 1994). Part VIII: Advertising and Public Relations.

Science.gov (United States)

Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication.

The Advertising and Public Relations section of this collection of conference presentations contains the following 17 papers: "Using the FCB Grid and the 'Lost Quadrants' to Write Advertising Strategy" (Johan C. Yssel); "Antitrust and the Marketplace of Ideas: The Continuing Problem of Issue Advertising Access to Broadcast…

75 FR 57502 - Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993-Robotics...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-09-21

... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Antitrust Division Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993--Robotics Technology Consortium, Inc. Correction In notice document 2010-22215 beginning on page 54914 in the issue of Thursday, July 9, 2010, make the following corrections: 1. On page...

76 FR 41861 - Voluntary Intermodal Sealift Agreement (VISA)

Science.gov (United States)

2011-07-15

...) to satisfy commercial or DOD requirements. VISA provides a defense against antitrust laws in... non-participants. Participation Any U.S.-flag vessel operator organized under the laws of a state of....S. citizenship documentation; Copy of their Articles of Incorporation and/or By Laws; Copies of...

41 CFR 102-117.290 - What is the difference between temporary nonuse, suspension and debarment?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What is the difference... Federal or State antitrust statutes; (3) Embezzlement, theft, forgery, bribery, falsification or... Federal agencies. The seriousness of the TSP's acts or omissions and the mitigating factors must be...

IDRC Pre-ICN Forum on Competition and Development Tuesday 17 ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

msandilands

2011-05-17

May 17, 2011 ... 09.15 – 10.45 Session 1: The general case for alliance building ... relationship between corporate governance and a firm's competitive behaviour, ... Spencer Weber Waller, Director, Institute of Consumer Anti-Trust Studies, Loyola University ... tools for enforcement: the case of the remittance transfer market.

77 FR 32149 - Excepted Service

Science.gov (United States)

2012-05-31

... Director, White DB120027 1/20/2012 Secretary. House Initiative on Educational Excellence for Hispanic..., DB120049 1/27/2012 Secretary. White House Initiative on Educational Excellence for Hispanic Americans.../2012 Solicitor. Department of Justice Antitrust Division. Chief of Staff and DJ120018 1/4/2012 Counsel...

77 FR 56674 - United States v. Humana Inc. and Arcadian Management Services, Inc.; Public Comment and Response...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-09-13

... students in the United States. The AMA's comment states that: MA [Medicare Advantage] plans in competitive... Services, Inc.; Public Comment and Response on Proposed Final Judgment Pursuant to the Antitrust Procedures... on the proposed Final Judgment in United States v. Humana Inc. and Arcadian Management Services, Inc...

78 FR 64248 - Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993-Heterogeneous...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-10-28

... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Antitrust Division Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and...; Synopsys Inc., Mountain View, CA; and Kishonti Kft (individual member), Budapest, HUNGARY, have been added... the Act. The Department of Justice published a notice in the Federal Register pursuant to Section 6(b...

Big Data, IPRs & Competition Law in the Pharma & Life Sciences- future issues in a rapidly evolving field

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Minssen, Timo

the merger on the condition that the merged firm would make copies of its database available for purchase by existing and new potential competitors. The previous decision of the European Court of Justice in the IMS Health case has already set out that there are limitations to the extent IPRs can be used...... is an area that is very much in flux. There remains no consensus on the application of antitrust law to Big Data much less as to how it applies. Disagreement aside there is a growing number of decisions, which highlight the use of antitrust rules to Big Data cases. Historically the European and the U...... to pharmaceutical laboratories using Euris software while selling to laboratories using Cegedim’s own and other competing CRM management software. Following the decision from the French Authority finding that the refusal was unjustified it is clear that refusal to sell may in certain circumstances give rise...

16 CFR 803.10 - Running of time.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Running of time. 803.10 Section 803.10 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION RULES, REGULATIONS, STATEMENTS AND INTERPRETATIONS UNDER THE HART-SCOTT-RODINO ANTITRUST IMPROVEMENTS ACT OF 1976 TRANSMITTAL RULES § 803.10 Running of time. (a...

28 CFR 49.4 - Deputy custodians.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Deputy custodians. 49.4 Section 49.4 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (CONTINUED) ANTITRUST CIVIL PROCESS ACT § 49.4 Deputy custodians. Deputy custodians may perform such of the duties assigned to the custodian as may be authorized...

Copyright Cartels or Legitimate Joint Ventures? What the MusicNet and Pressplay Litigation Means for the Entertainment Industry's New Distribution Models

OpenAIRE

Landy, Rachel

2012-01-01

Starr v. Sony BMG Music Entertainment illustrates the inherent tension between copyright holders seeking to enforce their exclusive rights and antitrust doctrine. In Starr, competing record labels pooled their copyrights into digital distribution joint ventures, MusicNet and Pressplay. Such collaboration toes a thin line between cartel-like ...

Screening for collusion: a spatial statistics approach

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Heijnen, P.; Haan, M.A.; Soetevent, A.R.

2012-01-01

We develop a method to screen for local cartels. We first test whether there is statistical evidence of clustering of outlets that score high on some characteristic that is consistent with collusive behavior. If so, we determine in a second step the most suspicious regions where further antitrust

Screening for collusion: a spatial statistics approach

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Heijnen, P.; Haan, M.A.; Soetevent, A.R.

2015-01-01

We develop a method to screen for local cartels. We first test whether there is statistical evidence of clustering of outlets that score high on some characteristic that is consistent with collusive behavior. If so, we determine in a second step the most suspicious regions where further antitrust

Screening for collusion : A spatial statistics approach

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Heijnen, Pim; Haan, Marco A.; Soetevent, Adriaan R.

2015-01-01

We develop a method to screen for local cartels. We first test whether there is statistical evidence of clustering of outlets that score high on some characteristic that is consistent with collusive behavior. If so, we determine in a second step the most suspicious regions where further antitrust

The Suspension of the National Association of Broadcasters' Code and Its Effects on the Regulation of Advertising.

Science.gov (United States)

Maddox, Lynda M.; Zanot, Eric J.

After a federal judge ruled in 1982 that some stipulations of the National Association of Broadcasters' (NAB) Television Code were violating antitrust laws, the NAB responded by suspending all code operations. Effects of the suspension on network advertising included (1) the disappearance of preclearance for commercials about cholesterol-related…

75 FR 52594 - Voluntary Intermodal Sealift Agreement (VISA)

Science.gov (United States)

2010-08-26

... antitrust laws in accordance with the DPA. CCAs must be submitted to the Maritime Administration for... non-participants. Participation Any U.S.-flag vessel operator organized under the laws of a state of... Incorporation and/or By Laws; Copies of loadline documents from a recognized classification society to validate...

78 FR 30399 - United States v. Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV, Grupo Modelo S.A.B de C.V.; Proposed Final Judgment...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-05-22

... competition works best and consumers benefit most when independent firms battle hard to win business from each..., Modelo has resisted ABI-led price hikes. Modelo's pricing strategy--``The Momentum Plan''--seeks to... antitrust purposes. Each of these local markets currently benefits from head-to-head competition between ABI...

Who Owns What--An Initial Inquiry into Current Crossownership among Leading Companies in Cable Television.

Science.gov (United States)

Katz, Helen

Despite longstanding interest in cable television regulation, little has been investigated concerning crossownership of cable with other media properties. A study examined the issue from economic (antitrust) and First Amendment (diversity of sources) perspectives. Data on where the cable companies' franchises were located and in what other media…

76 FR 77250 - Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993-ODVA, Inc.

Science.gov (United States)

2011-12-12

... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Antitrust Division Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and... Prairie, MN, have been added as parties to this venture. Also, Actel Corporation, Mountain View, CA... Department of Justice published a notice in the Federal Register pursuant to Section 6(b) of the Act on...

78 FR 56939 - Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993-Opendaylight...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-09-16

... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Antitrust Division Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and.... In addition, Big Switch Networks, Mountain View, CA has withdrawn as a party to this venture. No... notification pursuant to Section 6(a) of the Act. The Department of Justice published a notice in the Federal...

Law and Marketing: Implications for the Secondary Curriculum.

Science.gov (United States)

Beck-Dudley, Caryn L.; Stull, William A.

1990-01-01

Provides a basic understanding of some of the legal issues that should be included in a secondary education marketing curriculum. Teaching legal concepts in the areas of contract, antitrust, agency, employment law, and finance is an excellent way to introduce students to legal problems they may encounter in business. (Author)

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY

OpenAIRE

Adams, Wendi L.; Love, H. Alan; Capps, Oral, Jr.

1997-01-01

Determinants of merger and acquisition activity in the food industry are analyzed using logit regression analysis. Factors affecting the food processing, food retailing and food service sectors are considered. Results indicate merger and acquisition activity in all three sectors are significantly influenced by antitrust activity, profitability and real gross domestic product.

75 FR 20003 - Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993-Connected Media...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-16

... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Antitrust Division Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and..., pursuant to Section 6(a) of the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993, 15 U.S.C. 4301 et... to the venture are: MXP4, Paris, FRANCE; Universal Music Group, Inc., Santa Monica, CA; Omediae, LLC...

The Golden Arches Meet the Hallowed Halls: Franchise Law and the Law School Curriculum.

Science.gov (United States)

Wright, Danaya

1995-01-01

A law school course in franchise law focuses on how various legal issues and categories interact within the context of the narrowly defined business relationship of a franchise. Four major topics included federal and state disclosure regulations, trademarks and service marks, common law contract issues, and antitrust law. Class exercises included…

A Report to the Nation on the Management of Metric Implementation.

Science.gov (United States)

Perica, Lou, Ed.

The progress toward United States conversion to the metric system is the major focus of this publication. The status of Federal legislation and the influence of anti-trust laws on this legislation are discussed. Metric implementation by industry is surveyed with respect to several industries: automobile, aerospace, tooling, building and…

75 FR 28294 - Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993-The Applied...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-05-20

... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Antitrust Division Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993--The Applied Nanotechnology Consortium Notice is hereby given that, on March 26, 2010, pursuant to Section 6(a) of the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993, 15 U.S.C. 4301 et...

77 FR 53963 - Voluntary Intermodal Sealift Agreement (VISA)

Science.gov (United States)

2012-09-04

... satisfy commercial or DOD requirements. VISA provides a defense against antitrust laws in accordance with....-flag vessel operator organized under the laws of a state of the United States, or the District of... documentation; Copy of their Articles of Incorporation and/or By Laws; Copies of loadline documents from a...

EU Competition Policy Since 1990

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bartalevich, Dzmitry

2013-01-01

in anticartel enforcement policies, antimonopoly regulation, and the regulation of mergers and acquisitions. The purpose of this article is to fill the gap by attempting to link EU competition policy with U.S. antitrust, provide a critical overview of the most important elements of European competition policy......, and merger control....

28 CFR 50.15 - Representation of Federal officials and employees by Department of Justice attorneys or by...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... resolve the conflict as indicated by paragraph (a) (6), (9) and (10) of this section, and by § 50.16. (9... division (Antitrust, Civil Rights, Criminal, Land and Natural Resources or the Tax Division), a statement... of the possible existence of inter-defendant conflicts) the litigating division may delegate the fact...

77 FR 40085 - Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993-American Gap...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-07-06

... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Antitrust Division Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993--American Gap Association Notice is hereby given that, on June 6, 2012, pursuant to Section 6(a) of the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993, 15 U.S.C. 4301 et seq...

78 FR 55296 - Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993-American Gap...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-09-10

... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Antitrust Division Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993--American Gap Association Notice is hereby given that, on August 12, 2013, pursuant to Section 6(a) of the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993, 15 U.S.C. 4301 et seq...

Accountable Care Organizations: The National Landscape.

Science.gov (United States)

Shortell, Stephen M; Colla, Carrie H; Lewis, Valerie A; Fisher, Elliott; Kessell, Eric; Ramsay, Patricia

2015-08-01

There are now more than seven hundred accountable care organizations (ACOs) in the United States. This article describes some of their most salient characteristics including the number and types of contracts involved, organizational structures, the scope of services offered, care management capabilities, and the development of a three-category taxonomy that can be used to target technical assistance efforts and to examine performance. The current evidence on the performance of ACOs is reviewed. Since California has the largest number of ACOs (N=67) and a history of providing care under risk-bearing contracts, some additional assessments of quality and patient experience are made between California ACOs and non-ACO provider organizations. Six key issues likely to affect future ACO growth and development are discussed, and some potential "diagnostic" indicators for assessing the likelihood of potential antitrust violations are presented. Copyright © 2015 by Duke University Press.

The Browser War: An Ethical Analysis of the Struggle between Microsoft and the U.S. Department of Justice.

Science.gov (United States)

Meier, Dennis

1999-01-01

Examines two ethical questions regarding the ongoing antitrust battle between the U.S. Department of Justice and Microsoft Corporation using traditional rights-based ethical theory, utilitarianism, and John Rawls's principles of justice. Concludes that it is neither good nor fair for a company having a near-monopoly over a market to sell products…

16 CFR 802.4 - Acquisitions of voting securities of issuers or non-corporate interests in unincorporated...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

..., STATEMENTS AND INTERPRETATIONS UNDER THE HART-SCOTT-RODINO ANTITRUST IMPROVEMENTS ACT OF 1976 EXEMPTION RULES... requirements of the Act pursuant to Section 7A(c) of the Act, this part 802, or pursuant to § 801.21 of this... company. C's assets are a newly constructed, never occupied hotel, including fixtures, furnishings and...

78 FR 7304 - Energy Efficiency Program for Commercial and Industrial Equipment: Public Meeting and...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-02-01

.... antitrust laws. A court reporter will record the proceedings of the public meeting, after which a transcript... Conservation Act of 1975, as amended, (EPCA or the Act), Public Law 94- 163, (42 U.S.C. 6291 et. seq.) sets... amended through the American Energy Manufacturing Technical Corrections Act (AEMTCA), Public Law 112-210...

77 FR 49739 - Energy Conservation Standards for Residential Dehumidifiers: Public Meeting and Availability of...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-08-17

... shares, or other commercial matters regulated by U.S. antitrust laws. After the public meeting and the..., Public Law 94-163, (42 U.S.C. 6291-6309), as amended, established an energy conservation program for...-designated Part A for editorial reasons. The Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005), Public Law 109-58...

Résultats de recherche | Page 115 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Les pratiques commerciales ou concurrentielles inéquitables constituent une part importante des lois antitrust de nombreux pays. ... le soutien du CRDI, a créé un projet de recherche concertée sur le droit administratif international (Global Administrative Law [GAL] Project) dans le but de faire en sorte que les universitair.

PRICE DISCRIMINATION AND MARKET POWER: A THEORETICAL ANALYSIS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Olga Smirnova

2015-07-01

Full Text Available This paper analyzes the contemporary theoretical and empirical research in the field of impact assessment of market power and conclusions about the possibilities of the company to implement price discrimination in different market structures. The results of the analysis allow to evaluate current approaches to antitrust regulation of price discrimination.

The Economics of Comparable Worth.

Science.gov (United States)

Killingsworth, Mark R.

This document concludes that the basic difficulty with comparable worth is that it is an ill-conceived solution to a serious problem and that alternative policies, such as equal employment opportunity legislation or application of antitrust laws, provide means of addressing employment discrimination that are both more effective and less likely to…

12 CFR 1704.1 - Authority and scope.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... conduct in violation of the antitrust laws or involving fraud, the presentation of a false claim, or... the Internal Revenue Code (26 U.S.C. 1 et seq.) or the tariff laws of the United States; (ii) Any case... they are not inconsistent with applicable law and regulations. (4) Nothing in this part 1704 precludes...

75 FR 70852 - Energy Efficiency Program for Consumer Products: Public Meeting and Availability of the Framework...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-11-19

.... antitrust laws. A court reporter will record the proceedings of the public meeting, after which a transcript... Conservation Act of 1975 (EPCA), Public Law 94-163 (42 U.S.C. 6311- 6317, as codified), added by Public Law 95...), Public Law 109-58, amended EPCA to prescribe energy conservation standards for some automatic commercial...

45 CFR 2506.4 - What types of debts are excluded from these regulations?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

...) Any debt based in whole or in part on conduct in violation of the antitrust laws or involving fraud... arising under the Internal Revenue Code (26 U.S.C. 1 et seq.) or the tariff laws of the United States, or... the collection; (e) Claims between Federal agencies; (f) Unless otherwise provided by law...

36 CFR 1201.4 - What types of claims are excluded from these regulations?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

...) Any debt based in whole or in part on conduct in violation of the antitrust laws or involving fraud... claims arising under the Internal Revenue Code (26 U.S.C. 1 et seq.) or the tariff laws of the United... collection; (e) Claims between Federal agencies; (f) Unless otherwise provided by law, administrative offset...

78 FR 12252 - Energy Efficiency Program for Commercial and Industrial Equipment: Public Meeting and...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-02-22

... by U.S. antitrust laws. A court reporter will record the proceedings of the public meeting, after... Conservation Act of 1975 (EPCA), Public Law 94-163 (42 U.S.C. 6311- 6317, as codified), added by Public Law 95... 1992 (EPACT 1992), Public Law 101-486, amended section 342 of EPCA to establish Federal energy...

Corporate Investors Increased Common Ownership In Hospitals And The Postacute Care And Hospice Sectors.

Science.gov (United States)

Fowler, Annabelle C; Grabowski, David C; Gambrel, Robert J; Huskamp, Haiden A; Stevenson, David G

2017-09-01

The sharing of investors across firms is a new antitrust focus because of its potential negative effects on competition. Historically, the ability to track common investors across the continuum of health care providers has been limited. Thus, little is known about common investor ownership structures that might exist across health care delivery systems and how these linkages have evolved over time. We used data from the Provider Enrollment, Chain, and Ownership System of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services to identify common investor ownership linkages across the acute care, postacute care, and hospice sectors within the same geographic markets. To our knowledge, this study provides the first description of common investor ownership trends in these sectors. We found that the percentage of acute care hospitals having common investor ties to the postacute or hospice sectors increased from 24.6 percent in 2005 to 48.9 percent in 2015. These changes have important implications for antitrust, payment, and regulatory policies. Project HOPE—The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc.

MICROECONOMIC ANALYSIS IN COMPETITION POLICY

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paul Prisecaru

2013-11-01

Full Text Available This paper presents some of the most important microeconomic tools used in assessing antitrust and merger cases by the competition authorities. By explaining the way that microeconomic concepts like “market power”, “critical loss” or “price elasticity of demand” are used by the modern competition policy, the microeconomics scholar can get a practical perspective on the way that these concepts fit into the more general concept of “competition policy”. Extensive economic research has shown what are the market forces and economic factors that determine how cartels, which are at the core of antitrust policy, are established and sustained over time. One of the most important of these factors is the markets exposure to innovation, especially disruptive innovation. In these markets, the paradox, from a competition policy perspective, can be considered the fact that collusion is one of the least important concerns, due to the specific elements that determine the nature of competition.Instead, the main anticompetitive risk in the markets exposed to intensive innovation is unilateral conduct by which dominant incumbents can exclude competitors.

Can False Advertising Give Rise to Antitrust Liability?

OpenAIRE

Christopher Cole

2014-01-01

With the Retractable Technologies case, is the theory that false advertising can give rise to violations of the Sherman Act, while rarely invoked, gaining traction? Christopher A. Cole (Crowell & Moring)

48 CFR 1303.303 - Reporting suspected antitrust violations.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... Contract Law Division, by the HCO. A copy of the report shall be sent to the Procurement Executive concurrently with the submission to the Office of the Assistant General Counsel for Administration, Ethics Law...

Pratiques commerciales inéquitables dans la région de l'ANASE ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Les pratiques commerciales ou concurrentielles inéquitables constituent une part importante des lois antitrust de nombreux pays. Dans les pays en développement de l'Association des nations de l'Asie du Sud-Est (ANASE), toutefois, les lois et règlements sur les pratiques commerciales inéquitables présentent des ...

SCREENING METHODS FOR THE DETECTION OF CARTELS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mihail BUŞU

2014-06-01

Full Text Available During their everyday activities, the economic operators conclude a multitude of agreements in tacit or written form, such as: contracts or conventions. Some of these arrangements are absolutely necessary for the development of their current activities. These are agreements which, by respecting the rules of competition, are able to bring benefits to consumers and to the entire economy, as a whole. On the other hand, the economic operators often conclude agreements which are harmful to the economy as well as to the consumers, violating the competition rules. Some examples in this respect are: operators’ agreements on price fixing, on market or customers sharing. Before investigating the violation of competition rules, the relevant authorities should identify the possibility of the existence of such illegalities. The theoretical models for detecting the cartels do represent a proactive tool concerning the antitrust activity of competition authorities. The present paper furnishes a review of the methods for detecting cartels as well as a part of their practical application.

Cartel practice in Brazil : A Study of the Decisions of CADE and the profile of Convictions Cartel

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Felipe Braga Albuquerque

2016-06-01

Full Text Available The objective of this work is to analyze the cartel practice in Brazil, aiming to identify the effective use of the judiciary in control practices violations of the economic order. The study concludes, based on a methodology of theoretical and documentary research, that although there is in Brazil a good administrative structure to protect the competitive environment, this structure strengthened from the Law 12.529/2011, there remains a deficiency of knowledge of antitrust policy by the population, resulting in a small number of processes aimed at compelling infringing practices or work for the restoration of damage. Initially, the paper addresses the protection of competition in Brazil , and then analyzes the administrative structure and the Brazilian System of Competition Defense, after sets the focus on the analysis of cartel cases, sort of violation of the economic order, promoting the survey cases sentenced by the Administrative Council for Economic Defense - CADE between the years 2000 to 2013, and finally It is made a review analysis.

Non-profit Drug Research and Development at a Crossroads.

Science.gov (United States)

Jarosławski, Szymon; Toumi, Mondher; Auquier, Pascal; Dussart, Claude

2018-02-07

In wealthy nations, non-profit drug R&D has been proposed to reduce the prices of medicines. We sought to review the ethical and economic issues concerning non-profit drug R&D companies, and the possible impact that their pricing strategy may have on the innovation efforts from for-profit companies targeting the same segment of the pharmaceutical market. There are two possible approaches to pricing drugs developed by non-profit R&D programs: pricing that maximises profits and "affordable" pricing that reflects the cost of manufacturing and distribution, plus a margin that ensures sustainability of the drug supply. Overall, the non-profits face ethical challenges - due to the lack of resources, they are unable to independently commercialize their products on a large scale; however, the antitrust law does not permit them to impose prices on potential licensees. Also, reduced prices for the innovative products may result in drying the for-profit R&D in the area.

10 CFR 784.3 - Policy.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... concentration or the creation or maintenance of other situations inconsistent with the antitrust laws. (b) If it... PATENT WAIVER REGULATION § 784.3 Policy. (a) Section 6 of Public Law 96-517 (the Bayh-Dole patent and... Development Act of 1974, 42 U.S.C. 5908, Public Law 99-661, 42 U.S.C. 7261a, and, where not inconsistent...

The joint venture alternative to mergers.

Science.gov (United States)

Enders, R J

1995-02-01

However, while a joint venture may be "safe" from antitrust challenge, it is not without some practical difficulties, especially with respect to consolidating services at one location or jointly offering services provided at multiple facilities. These practical concerns include: 1. Who will exercise operational management of the joint venture? 2. How will the joint venture deal with different pricing for services that will be provided at multiple locations? 3. What criteria will be used to decide the location at which consolidated tertiary services will be offered? 4. In what circumstances can the joint venture be unwound, either in its entirety or as to discrete functions? When clinical services have been consolidated at one location, there is an appropriate concern by the other hospital that it will be unable to provide or re-enter the market for those services if the joint venture dissolves. These operational concerns, of course, are not addressed in the Consent Decree. Thus, even if a joint venture relationship survives antitrust scrutiny, the parties must still negotiate and resolve these operational issues in order for the joint venture to be viable.

Preponderant agent, what is that?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Clara Luz Álvarez

2015-05-01

Full Text Available Purpose – Preponderant agent is a new instrument for preventing and reverting adverse impact in competition due to highly concentrated markets. Therefore, this paper's objective is to present and analyze the preponderant agent concept in Mexico with emphasis on the broadcast sector, the telecommunication regulator decisions and the courts' interpretation. Methodology/approach/design – The objectives were achieved by researching and analyzing the main legal documents, the Congress reports and debates, the regulator's decisions and other relevant regulator's documents, as well as final decisions by the courts in connection with broadcast sector. Findings – Among the findings are that certain topics were not duly addressed by the Mexican regulator, or by the Congress, whereas the courts were more willing to hold decisions in favor of public interest based on constitutional intent and deference to the regulator's decision. Originality/value – This paper will be valuable for persons interested in telecommunications, broadcast and antitrust. Although the preponderant agent concept created in Mexico is not necessarily a “best practice”, it does provide an alternative instrument in antitrust. Moreover, the courts decisions also provide criteria regarding regulatory deference for the regulator.

Coping With Concentration.

Science.gov (United States)

Greaney, Thomas L

2017-09-01

Provider market power is a powerful driver of high health care costs in the United States. Despite decades of antitrust litigation and regulatory interventions, the problem has worsened and threatens to undermine the benefits of market-based policies. A critical but neglected challenge for all health care reform proposals relying on market competition to address costs is finding effective tools to address the extant market power of dominant hospitals, hospital systems, and many specialty physician practices. This article analyzes the principal market-oriented approaches that have been used in the past and proposed for the future. It argues that antitrust law has an important but constrained role to play and has proved to be especially inept in dealing with extant market power. It finds serious deficiencies in the conduct decrees imposed by some courts and in open-ended regulatory regimes such as those established by Certificate of Public Advantage laws. Although not without administrative complications, policies that target providers who possess market power by capping prices may be the most effective means to control costs and retain the benefits of a competitive delivery system. Project HOPE—The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc.

The Influence of the Chicago School on the Commission's Guidelines, Notices and Block Exemption Regulations in EU Competition Policy

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bartalevich, Dzmitry

2016-01-01

Antitrust rules are fundamentally informed and shaped by economic theories. Given the significance of EU competition policy for the European integration process, it is essential to disentangle the economic theories underlying EU competition law. There is abundant theoretical and empirical...... theory. The elements of the Chicago School theory hold strongest in vertical practices; they are somewhat weaker in horizontal practices and in unilateral exclusionary conduct....

Business Models and Producer-Owned Ventures: Choices, Challenges, and Changes

OpenAIRE

Kenkel, Philip L.; Park, John L.

2007-01-01

Producer-owned business models are rapidly evolving. Producer-owned, value-added ventures face a number of organizational challenges, including capital acquisition, security exchange registration, antitrust exemption, borrowing eligibility, and operational flexibility. This paper examines the success of evolving producer-owned business models in addressing these challenges. The need for uniform criteria to distinguish producer-owned business from other business forms throughout the complex st...

Energy: the states' response in 1978

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mackey, Earl S.

1978-01-01

A compilation of all state legislative energy enactments for legislature, in 1978 is presented. It provides source material to legislators and their staff. Each bill is separated into one or more of the 37 major subject categories. Broad categories cover public utilities; tax exemption; tax application; franchise protection; conservation; resource development; solar easements; mineral extraction regulation; management; emergency powers; anti-trust; anit-environment; and miscellaneous legislation.

Poder compensatório: coordenação horizontal na defesa da concorrência

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paulo Furquim de Azevedo

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Condutas comerciais uniformes com o propósito de estabelecer preços são condenadas por sua mera existência. Implicitamente, a política de defesa da concorrência atribui probabilidade desprezível de esse tipo de arranjo gerar benefícios sociais líquidos. Como consequência, o conceito de 'poder compensatório', referente à organização de produtores para fazer frente a um monopsônio (ou de compradores para fazer frente ao poder de monopólio, tem papel marginal nas políticas de defesa da concorrência. Este artigo argumenta que a coordenação com o objetivo de uniformização de conduta comercial pode, em algumas circunstâncias, aumentar o bem-estar social. Assim, tais formas de coordenação não poderiam ser condenadas prima facie, visto que podem gerar poder compensatório, atenuando os efeitos de poder de mercado pré-existente. Essa constatação revela a necessidade de uso mais intenso de teoria econômica em análises antitruste, sobretudo nos casos em que o conhecimento econômico desafia a jurisprudência.Agreements among competitors to negotiate prices are challenged by antitrust authorities as per se illegal. Implicitly competition policy assigns negligible probability to such arrangements to yield net social benefits. This statement implies that countervailing power - related to the collective action of competitors in order to counteract the market power of a supplier or consumer - has a secondary role on competition policy. This paper argues that under particular conditions agreements among competitors in order to negotiate prices may increase social welfare. As a consequence, this type of arrangement should not be charged as per se illegal, inasmuch as they may create countervailing power and mitigate the effects of pre-existent market power. The analysis suggests that economic theory should be more intensely used in antitrust analysis, mainly when there are conflicting results with the established court decisions.

Cost escalation in nuclear power

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Montomery, W.D.; Quirk, J.P.

1978-01-01

This report is concerned with the escalation of capital costs of nuclear central station power plants between the early 1960s and the present. The report presents an historical overview of the development of the nuclear power industry and cost escalation in the industry, using existing data on orders and capital costs. New data are presented on regulatory delays in the licensing process, derived from a concurrent study being carried on in the Social Science group at Caltech. The conclusions of the study are that nuclear capital costs have escalated more rapidly than the GNP deflator or the construction industry price index. Prior to 1970, cost increases are related to bottleneck problems in the nuclear construction and supplying industries and the regulatory process; intervenors play only a minor role in cost escalation. After 1970, generic changes introduced into the licensing process by intervenors (including environmental impact reviews, antitrust reviews, more stringent safety standards) dominate the cost escalation picture, with bottlenecks of secondary importance. Recent increases in the time from application for a construction permit to commercial operation are related not only to intervenor actions, but also to suspensions, cancellations or postponements of construction by utilities due to unfavorable demand or financing conditions

The argument for robust competition supervision in developing and transition countries

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Frank Emmert

2016-09-01

Full Text Available The article discusses first the differences between market economic models, socialist or planned economies, and economies controlled by monopolies or cartels, to make the case for competition supervision. Subsequently it argues for a broad approach to competition super-vision - beyond a narrow view of antitrust law. The second part of the paper discusses monopoly or dominant position and the criteria to measure them. It reviews the reasons for merger control as a preventive step against monopoly or dominant position. Finally it discusses the issues related to collusion in the form of cartels and how to detect them. The third part of the paper focuses on the best ways for developing and transition countries to introduce or reinforce comprehensive competition supervision: Functioning institutions and how they have to be empowered and structured; priorities to be set; how competition oversight has to be embedded in the legal system, including court review; and why effective enforcement is so important and how it can be promoted. In an annex** there are links to some 75 countries which have newly introduced competition laws in the past 25 years and their legislative materials. Finally, there are links to another 30 countries which have substantially revised their legislative bases in the same time frame.

Can False Advertising Give Rise to Antitrust Liability? (2)

OpenAIRE

Christopher Cole

2014-01-01

With the Retractable Technologies case, is the theory that false advertising can give rise to violations of the Sherman Act, while rarely invoked, gaining traction? Christopher A. Cole (Crowell & Moring)

What's Fit To Print: The Effect Of Ownership Concentration On Product Variety In Daily Newspaper Markets

OpenAIRE

George, Lisa M.

2001-01-01

This paper examines the effect of ownership concentration on product position, product variety and readership in markets for daily newspapers. US antitrust policy presumes that mergers reduce the amount and diversity of content available to consumers. However, the effects of consolidation in differentiated product markets cannot be determined solely from theory. Because multi-product firms internalize business stealing, mergers may encourage firms to reposition products, leading to more, not ...

Partners in ecocide: Australia's complicity in the uranium cartel

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Venturini, V.G.

1983-01-01

In 1972 uranium producers from France, South Africa, Australia, Great Britain and Canada organized an international cartel to control the production and sale of uranium. The complicity of Australia in the manipulation of the market by and on behalf of C.R.A., Mary Kathleen Uranium, Pancontinental and Queensland Mines is discussed. The roles of both governments and companies and the antitrust implications of the cartel are considered

Uranium: a foreign resource N.L

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Venturini, V.G.

1983-01-01

The issue of the mining and export of Australian uranium is examined. Particular reference is made to the existence of a uranium cartel between 1970 and 1975 and the associated U.S. Westinghouse Antitrust suite. Problems associated with nuclear power and benefits to Australia associated with the mining of uranium are questioned. Changing government policy on the issue is discussed. Recommendations of the Ranger uranium environmental enquiry are noted

Competition policy and public procurement in developing countries

OpenAIRE

Falvey, Rod; La Chimia, Annamaria; Morrissey, Oliver; Zgovu, Evious

2008-01-01

Measures to support Competition Policy and enhance the efficiency of Public Procurement can enhance the impact of regional integration agreements. The first part addresses Competition Policy - measures employed by government to ensure a fair competitive market environment. Competition policy aims to ensure that markets remain competitive (through anti-trust or anti-cartel enforcement) or become competitive (through liberalisation). For a variety of reasons, competition is often restricted in ...

Re-Viewing Peer Review

Science.gov (United States)

Flynn, Elizabeth A.

2011-01-01

In this article, the author revisits her essay, "Students as Readers of Their Classmates' Writing," by providing a review of the literature on peer review over the past three decades and comments on patterns she sees in waves of peer review research and theorizing. She describes her subsequent experience with peer review in her own classes, and…

La regla de minimis en el ámbito de los acuerdos restrictivos de la libre competencia.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ingrid Soraya Ortiz Baquero

2009-12-01

Full Text Available La regla de minimis es una de las varias tesis cuya aplicación permite reducir el alcance de la prohibición de los acuerdos restrictivos de la competencia (art. 81.1 del TCE, y en este medida compatibilizar la aplicación de las disposiciones antitrust con el desarrollo de la libertad de empresa, la libertad de contratación y la autonomía privada. Conforme a la esta doctrina, sólo las conductas que afectan la competencia de forma significativa o sensible se encuentran comprendidas en el ámbito de la prohibición del art. 81.1 del TCE y, en consecuencia deben prohibirse y sancionarse. Aquellas que por el contrario no surten efectos sensibles sobre la competencia se sitúan por fuera del ámbito de la norma y se consideran sin relevancia antitrust. Este artículo aborda el origen, desarrollo y la actual regulación de los acuerdos de menor importancia en Europa y en el ordenamiento español, consideraciones que nos que servirán de marco para plantear el debate sobre la aplicación de la regla de minimis en el ordenamiento colombiano y su utilidad.

La prohibición de los acuerdos restrictivos de la competencia y la valoración de las cláusulas de exclusividad en los regímenes de libre competencia europeo, español y colombiano.(Parte 2

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ingrid Soraya Ortiz Baquero

2007-01-01

Full Text Available El artículo describe el nuevo régimen de libre competencia español (Ley 15/2007 de 3 de julio, los aspectos más importantes de la reforma y del proceso de adecuación de la legislación española al modelo comunitario. En este orden, se aborda en primer lugar, el nuevo sistema de excepción legal como sistema valoración de los acuerdos restrictivos y a continuación la regulación sobre el sistema de aplicación privada de la legislación antitrust. Seguidamente y dentro de este marco teórico y descriptivo, se ubican los acuerdos restrictivos de carácter vertical y dentro de ellos, las cláusulas de exclusividad, respecto de las cuales se destaca su función económica y jurídica en concreto dentro de categoría de los contratos de distribución mercantil. Con base en estas consideraciones se plantea un nuevo sistema de valoración para los pactos de exclusividad, que resulta más acorde con su naturaleza y desde luego con la función que corresponde a las normas antitrust

La prohibición de los acuerdos restrictivos de la competencia y la valoración de las cláusulas de exclusividad en los regímenes de libre competencia europeo, español y colombiano.(Parte 2

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ingrid Soraya Ortiz Baquero

2007-12-01

Full Text Available El artículo describe el nuevo régimen de libre competencia español (Ley 15/2007 de 3 de julio, los aspectos más importantes de la reforma y del proceso de adecuación de la legislación española al modelo comunitario. En este orden, se aborda en primer lugar, el nuevo sistema de excepción legal como sistema valoración de los acuerdos restrictivos y a continuación la regulación sobre el sistema de aplicación privada de la legislación antitrust. Seguidamente y dentro de este marco teórico y descriptivo, se ubican los acuerdos restrictivos de carácter vertical y dentro de ellos, las cláusulas de exclusividad, respecto de las cuales se destaca su función económica y jurídica en concreto dentro de categoría de los contratos de distribución mercantil. Con base en estas consideraciones se plantea un nuevo sistema de valoración para los pactos de exclusividad, que resulta más acorde con su naturaleza y desde luego con la función que corresponde a las normas antitrust.

The world oil market is not one great pool: A reply to Rodriguez and Williams

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Weiner, R.J.

1993-01-01

In a paper by Rodriguez and Williams (Energy Studies Review, 1993), the case for a single-pool world oil market is put forward. Criticisms of the assumptions and conclusions are offered. To counter the paper's assumption that antitrust is the relevant metric for measuring the extent of geographic markets, it is argued that for energy security policy decisions, it is the economic market which matters. The paper does show that the world oil market is indeed unified in the long run, but this is not relevant to the short term, the relevant time-frame for energy security decisions. The paper's choice of spot market data for its cointegration analysis is also criticized by using several examples of pricing decisions that would not make sense in a unified world market but which do make sense in a regionalized market. It is also unclear how representative spot prices are of the oil market. Finally, the conclusions of the paper that favor policies focusing on secure vs insecure import sources and supplier diversification are seen as unsupported by the paper's statistical findings. 15 refs

Analysis of competition and concentration in the confectionery products market in Serbia

OpenAIRE

Lončar, Dragan; Rajičić, Vesna

2011-01-01

Confectionery products make up a significant part of the consumer basket, which makes them a strategically important segment of the consumer standard in Serbia. Hence the authors' interest in the domains of market concentration and antitrust regulation of this industry. The aim of this paper is to present the current status and trends in the confectionery products market, to define the methodological framework and to perform an analysis of competition and market concentration. The methodology...

HOSPITAL ADVERTISING IN THE BEGINNING: MARKETPLACE DYNAMICS AND THE LIFTING OF THE BAN

OpenAIRE

Lauren Strach

2004-01-01

The beginning of the hospital advertising industry followed the successful Federal Trade Commission’s application of the antitrust laws to healthcare, fully opening the competitive floodgates. The 1982 Supreme Court decision, upholding the FTC petition, triggered the start of a new era of advertising—hospital advertising. This paper will examine the unique qualities of this service industry that challenged marketers; the turbulent industry environment of the 1980’s with the introduction of ne...

Is Amazon the next Google?

OpenAIRE

Budzinski, Oliver; Köhler, Karoline Henrike

2015-01-01

Dominant or apparently dominant internet platform increasingly become subject to both antitrust investigations and further-reaching political calls for regulation. While Google is currently in the focus of the discussion, the next candidate is already on the horizon - the ubiquitous online trading platform Amazon. Competitors and suppliers but also famous economists like Paul Krugman unite in criticizing Amazon's market power and alleged abuse of it. In this paper, we collect the multitude of...

Pricing Decisions in Franchised Chains: A Look at the Restaurant and Fast-Food Industry

OpenAIRE

Francine Lafontaine

1995-01-01

This paper examines empirical issues of pricing and price dispersion within franchised restaurant and fast-food chains. Given the per se illegality of resale price maintenance (RPM) under current U.S. Antitrust laws, and the fact that franchised outlets are independent businesses under the law, franchisors must delegate the power to set prices to franchisees whereas corporate chains can control downstream prices directly. The issue I examine is whether it matters empirically who, between the ...

Research Overview and Analysis.

Science.gov (United States)

1982-04-01

infrastructure in place to respond to the increases. The apparent dichotomy between the firm or industry stating a desire for more metric standards and the...forces during the proposed transition period: (5) the military advanatages expected following transition are the day-to- day use of an inherently simpler...favor the competitive position of certain participants over that of others. Within the restrictions of the antitrust laws, this is part of the market

Technical change in US industry: A cross-industry analysis

Science.gov (United States)

Nelson, R. R. (Editor)

1981-01-01

The nature of the public policies which have influenced the pace and pattern of technical progress in a number of American industries is studied with the view of assessing the broad effects of these policies. The industries studied are agriculture, pharmaceuticals, semiconductors, computers, civil aircraft, automobiles and residential construction. The policies considered include research and development funding as well as government procurement, education, information dissemination, patent protection, licensing, regulations, and anti-trust policies.

Managed Care, Distance Traveled, and Hospital Market Definition

OpenAIRE

Frech, Ted E

1998-01-01

Most scholars and antitrust cases have defined hospital service markets as primarily local. But, two recent decisions have greatly expanded geographic markets, incorporating hospitals as far as 100 miles apart. Managed care plans, now important in most markets, were believed to shift patients to distant hospitals to capture lower prices. We examine distance traveled and its connection to managed care penetration. In contrast to earlier literature, we examine both direct and indirect effects. ...

Combining Review Text Content and Reviewer-Item Rating Matrix to Predict Review Rating

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Bingkun; Huang, Yongfeng; Li, Xing

2016-01-01

E-commerce develops rapidly. Learning and taking good advantage of the myriad reviews from online customers has become crucial to the success in this game, which calls for increasingly more accuracy in sentiment classification of these reviews. Therefore the finer-grained review rating prediction is preferred over the rough binary sentiment classification. There are mainly two types of method in current review rating prediction. One includes methods based on review text content which focus almost exclusively on textual content and seldom relate to those reviewers and items remarked in other relevant reviews. The other one contains methods based on collaborative filtering which extract information from previous records in the reviewer-item rating matrix, however, ignoring review textual content. Here we proposed a framework for review rating prediction which shows the effective combination of the two. Then we further proposed three specific methods under this framework. Experiments on two movie review datasets demonstrate that our review rating prediction framework has better performance than those previous methods. PMID:26880879

Combining Review Text Content and Reviewer-Item Rating Matrix to Predict Review Rating.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Bingkun; Huang, Yongfeng; Li, Xing

2016-01-01

E-commerce develops rapidly. Learning and taking good advantage of the myriad reviews from online customers has become crucial to the success in this game, which calls for increasingly more accuracy in sentiment classification of these reviews. Therefore the finer-grained review rating prediction is preferred over the rough binary sentiment classification. There are mainly two types of method in current review rating prediction. One includes methods based on review text content which focus almost exclusively on textual content and seldom relate to those reviewers and items remarked in other relevant reviews. The other one contains methods based on collaborative filtering which extract information from previous records in the reviewer-item rating matrix, however, ignoring review textual content. Here we proposed a framework for review rating prediction which shows the effective combination of the two. Then we further proposed three specific methods under this framework. Experiments on two movie review datasets demonstrate that our review rating prediction framework has better performance than those previous methods.

A scoping review of rapid review methods.

Science.gov (United States)

Tricco, Andrea C; Antony, Jesmin; Zarin, Wasifa; Strifler, Lisa; Ghassemi, Marco; Ivory, John; Perrier, Laure; Hutton, Brian; Moher, David; Straus, Sharon E

2015-09-16

Rapid reviews are a form of knowledge synthesis in which components of the systematic review process are simplified or omitted to produce information in a timely manner. Although numerous centers are conducting rapid reviews internationally, few studies have examined the methodological characteristics of rapid reviews. We aimed to examine articles, books, and reports that evaluated, compared, used or described rapid reviews or methods through a scoping review. MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, internet websites of rapid review producers, and reference lists were searched to identify articles for inclusion. Two reviewers independently screened literature search results and abstracted data from included studies. Descriptive analysis was conducted. We included 100 articles plus one companion report that were published between 1997 and 2013. The studies were categorized as 84 application papers, seven development papers, six impact papers, and four comparison papers (one was included in two categories). The rapid reviews were conducted between 1 and 12 months, predominantly in Europe (58 %) and North America (20 %). The included studies failed to report 6 % to 73 % of the specific systematic review steps examined. Fifty unique rapid review methods were identified; 16 methods occurred more than once. Streamlined methods that were used in the 82 rapid reviews included limiting the literature search to published literature (24 %) or one database (2 %), limiting inclusion criteria by date (68 %) or language (49 %), having one person screen and another verify or screen excluded studies (6 %), having one person abstract data and another verify (23 %), not conducting risk of bias/quality appraisal (7 %) or having only one reviewer conduct the quality appraisal (7 %), and presenting results as a narrative summary (78 %). Four case studies were identified that compared the results of rapid reviews to systematic reviews. Three studies found that the conclusions between

Combining Review Text Content and Reviewer-Item Rating Matrix to Predict Review Rating

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bingkun Wang

2016-01-01

Full Text Available E-commerce develops rapidly. Learning and taking good advantage of the myriad reviews from online customers has become crucial to the success in this game, which calls for increasingly more accuracy in sentiment classification of these reviews. Therefore the finer-grained review rating prediction is preferred over the rough binary sentiment classification. There are mainly two types of method in current review rating prediction. One includes methods based on review text content which focus almost exclusively on textual content and seldom relate to those reviewers and items remarked in other relevant reviews. The other one contains methods based on collaborative filtering which extract information from previous records in the reviewer-item rating matrix, however, ignoring review textual content. Here we proposed a framework for review rating prediction which shows the effective combination of the two. Then we further proposed three specific methods under this framework. Experiments on two movie review datasets demonstrate that our review rating prediction framework has better performance than those previous methods.

Franchising a právo

OpenAIRE

Hampejsová, Jitka

2013-01-01

The thesis deals with legislative regulation of franchising in the Czech Republic and which areas of law have influence on franchise agreements and how is this relationship to other areas of law solved. The thesis focuses on content of franchise agreements, on typical provisons of franchise agreements according to antitrust law, on protection of intellectual property rights, on unfair competiton and on personal data protection. Some aspects are discussed according to laws of the USA and Germa...

MICROECONOMIC ANALYSIS IN COMPETITION POLICY

OpenAIRE

Paul Prisecaru

2013-01-01

This paper presents some of the most important microeconomic tools used in assessing antitrust and merger cases by the competition authorities. By explaining the way that microeconomic concepts like “market power”, “critical loss” or “price elasticity of demand” are used by the modern competition policy, the microeconomics scholar can get a practical perspective on the way that these concepts fit into the more general concept of “competition policy”. Extensive economic research has shown what...

Can the failing firm defence rule be counterproductive?

OpenAIRE

Helder Vasconcelos

2013-01-01

The present paper investigates the role of the failing firm defence (FFD) concept in the merger control process within a Cournot setting where (i) endogenous mergers are motivated by prospective efficiency gains and (ii) mergers must be submitted to an antitrust authority that might demand partial divestiture for approval. The findings show that when the FFD concept is one of the tools available for controlling the merger process, firms can strategically embark on a merger that makes other fi...

The failing firm defence: merger policy and entry

OpenAIRE

Mason, Robin; Weeds, Helen

2003-01-01

This Paper considers the 'failing firm defence'. Under this principle, found in most antitrust jurisdictions, a merger that would otherwise be blocked due to its adverse effect on competition is permitted when the firm to be acquired is a failing firm, and an alternative, less detrimental merger is unavailable. Competition authorities have shown considerable reluctance to accept the failing firm defence, and it has been successfully used in just a handful of cases. The Paper considers the def...

A Study of Market Structure in Liner Shipping Under the Influence of Government Policies

OpenAIRE

Wong, Peter Chi Chung; Bamford, Colin

2012-01-01

The peculiar operational mode and involvement of international carriers\\ud granted liner operators special exemption from Anti-trust regulations\\ud globally. The changes of policy from USA and EU in recent years forbidden\\ud liner operators to form Liner Conference (LC) which seems to possess\\ud oligopoly power in the trade. This paper use the freight rate to verified the\\ud change of Government policies cannot stop the liner operators to form in\\ud their natural formation - Liner Conference.

Using Expressiveness to Increase Efficiency in Social and Economic Mechanisms

Science.gov (United States)

2011-05-01

I cannot say enough about how much I learned from and relied heavily on the support of my close friends and colleagues at CMU, especially George Davis...exists an equivalent mechanism that only allows the expression of one real value (i.e., Θi = R).(This follows immediately from Cantor (1890): being able...bundling is attributed to economist George J. Stigler in his 1963 discussion of anti-trust Supreme Court rulings over price dis- crimination via bundling

La validez del Manual de Buenas Prácticas Comerciales para el Sector de los Supermercados y/o Similares y sus Proveedores de la Superintendencia de Control del Poder de Mercado

OpenAIRE

Cordero Cuesta, Ana Belén

2016-01-01

This academic work aims to solve the legal problematic towards the Manual de Buenas Prácticas Comerciales para el Sector de Supermercados y Proveedores legal efectiveness. Subjects such as legal capacity to legislate non technical laws, Superintendencia del Control de Poder de Mercado and Junta de Regulación´s (Antitrust Authorities) legal capacity and legal remedies in order to reestablish the legal equilibrium among others themes are adressed here. El presente trabajo aborda la problema ...

How Do We Turn This Thing Off? A Study to Determine an Approach for Making Curtailment of Service and Closure Decisions in Health Care Facilities.

Science.gov (United States)

1979-04-09

22a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE INDIVIDUAL 22b TELEPHONE (Include Area Code) 22c. OFFICE SYMBOL Lawrence M. Leahy, MAJ, MS (512) 221-6345 HSHA-IHC DO Form...Facilities. Germantown, MD.: Aspen Systems Corporation, 1976. Bierman, Harold Jr., Charles R. Bonini and Warren H. Hausman . Quantitative Analysis for Business...Assessment," Topics in Health Care Financing II, No. 4 ( Summer , 1976), 109-121. Drake, David F. and Kozak, David M. "A Primer on Antitrust and Hospital

Competitive prices as profit-maximizing cartel prices

OpenAIRE

Houba, H.E.D.; Motchenkova, E.I.; Wen, Q.

2010-01-01

This discussion paper has resulted in a publication in Economics Letters, 114, 39-42. Even under antitrust enforcement, firms may still form a cartel in an infinitely-repeated oligopoly model when the discount factor is sufficiently close to one. We present a linear oligopoly model where the profit-maximizing cartel price converges to the competitive equilibrium price as the discount factor goes to one. We then identify a set of necessary conditions for this seemingly counter-intuitive result.

Franchise Relocations, Expansions, and Mergers in Professional Sports Leagues

OpenAIRE

Daniel, Rascher

2008-01-01

All three sections in this chapter are interrelated. Expansions and relocations, especially in the early years of a league, are often the response to upstart rival leagues. More recently, relocations have occurred because another city offers a better facility lease regardless of whether the league as a whole is better off or not. Relocations, more so than expansions, often end up in court whether as an antitrust case accusing the league of monopolistically restricting business or as an emi...

Anti-trust control of power prices; Kartellrechtliche Kontrolle von Strompreisen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Becker, Peter [Becker Buettner Held, Marburg (Germany)

2009-01-15

The European Commission (Bruessel, Belgium) intensively examined the question, whether electricity tariffs in Germany are formed abusively formed. For this, the centres of the four German energy utilities were examined in the year 2006. A billions-worth penalty against E.ON AG (Duesseldorf, Federal Republic of Germany) could be avoided, because E.ON AG committed itself to the sale of the high-voltage power supply grid and to the sale of power plant capacities. In the Federal Republic of Germany, only few things are done according to the control of electricity tariffs, although the legislator has given an incentive with paragraph 29 of the Law against Restraints of Competition. The author of the contribution under consideration examines the cartel law situation regarding to the price formation at the stock exchange and discusses an increased transparency.

False Advertising and Antitrust Law: Sometimes the Twain Should Meet

OpenAIRE

Bruce Colbath; Nadezhda Nikonova

2014-01-01

Although it is easier to bring a false advertising claim under the Lanham Act than under the Sherman Act, the Lanham Act’s available remedies are not as robust. Bruce Colbath & Nadezhda Nikonova (Sheppard Mullin)

Competition Law, Antitrust Immunity and Profits : A Dynamic Panel Analysis

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Brouwer, E.; Ozbugday, F.C.

2011-01-01

This paper tests whether the transition from the old Economic Competition Act, which was based on the so-called "abuse system", to the new Competition Act, which was based on "prohibition system", in the Netherlands had an impact on the price-cost margins in manufacturing industries during the

Competition Law, Antitrust Immunity and Profits : A Dynamic Panel Analysis

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Brouwer, E.; Ozbugday, F.C.

2011-01-01

This paper tests whether the transition from the old Economic Competition Act, which was based on the so-called “abuse system”, to the new Competition Act, which was based on “prohibition system”, in the Netherlands had an impact on the price-cost margins in manufacturing industries during the

Competition Law and High-Tech Markets : Conventional Antitrust Thinking Revisited?

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Ilan, Y.

2007-01-01

Knowledge-based industries, often labelled 'high-technology' or 'new economy' have grown in economic significance over the past few decades and have dramatically changed our living standards. These markets typically possess a range of common characteristics, most notably globalisation of businesses,

Energy efficiency and renewables policies: Promoting efficiency or facilitating monopsony?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brennan, Timothy J.

2011-01-01

The cliche in the electricity sector, the 'cheapest power plant is the one we don't build,' neglects the benefits of the energy that plant would generate. That economy-wide perspective need not apply in considering benefits to only consumers if not building that plant was the exercise of monopsony power. A regulator maximizing consumer welfare may need to avoid rationing demand at monopsony prices. Subsidizing energy efficiency to reduce electricity demand at the margin can solve that problem, if energy efficiency and electricity use are substitutes. Renewable energy subsidies, percentage use standards, or feed in tariffs may also serve monopsony as well with sufficient inelasticity in fossil fuel electricity supply. We may not observe these effects if the regulator can set price as well as quantity, lacks buyer-side market power, or is legally precluded from denying generators a reasonable return on capital. Nevertheless, the possibility of monopsony remains significant in light of the debate as to whether antitrust enforcement should maximize consumer welfare or total welfare. - Research Highlights: → Subsidizing energy efficiency can promote monopsony, if efficiency and use are substitutes. → Renewable energy subsidies, portfolio standards, or feed-in tariffs may also promote monopsony. → Effects require buyer-side market power and ability to deny generators a reasonable return. → Monopsony is significant in light of whether antitrust should maximize consumer or total welfare.

Gold Mine or Minefield: Understanding Russian Law on Vertical Restraints

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Valentina Rucker

2014-01-01

Full Text Available While the Russian Federation represents a significant opportunity for growth, that opportunity is coupled with serious risks. As it relates to managing product distribution, Russian vertical restraint law remains significantly more restrictive than that of the U.S. and, since unless a company is fully integrated, it must manage its distribution system by way of vertical agreements, presents a large problem for businesses seeking to conduct business in Russia. While Russia has made significant steps in the right direction, the lack of consistent application of economic analysis to evaluation of vertical restraints leaves companies exposed. Further, the sometimes inconsistent application of the laws also makes it hard to predict how any particular vertical agreement would be evaluated. Neither American nor Russian antitrust laws establish a list of possible vertical restraints. Thus, there is no exhaustive guidance regarding how these restraints should be treated. U.S. antitrust laws, however, generally place all vertical restraints into one of two categories, intrabrand restraints and interbrand restraints. Intrabrand restraints are those that restrain the downstream firm’s freedom with regard to the resale of the product at issue (distribution restrictions. Interbrand restraints are those that restrict a downstream or upstream firm’s freedom to deal with competitors of the firm imposing the restraint (interbrand restrictions. It should be noted that Russian law does not make this distinction.

Gold Mine or Minefield: Understanding Russian Law on Vertical Restraints

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Valentina Rucker

2015-02-01

Full Text Available While the Russian Federation represents a significant opportunity for growth, that opportunity is coupled with serious risks. As it relates to managing product distribution, Russian vertical restraint law remains significantly more restrictive than that of the U.S. and, since unless a company is fully integrated, it must manage its distribution system by way of vertical agreements, presents a large problem for businesses seeking to conduct business in Russia. While Russia has made significant steps in the right direction, the lack of consistent application of economic analysis to evaluation of vertical restraints leaves companies exposed. Further, the sometimes inconsistent application of the laws also makes it hard to predict how any particular vertical agreement would be evaluated. Neither American nor Russian antitrust laws establish a list of possible vertical restraints. Thus, there is no exhaustive guidance regarding how these restraints should be treated. U.S. antitrust laws, however, generally place all vertical restraints into one of two categories, intrabrand restraints and interbrand restraints. Intrabrand restraints are those that restrain the downstream firm’s freedom with regard to the resale of the product at issue (distribution restrictions. Interbrand restraints are those that restrict a downstream or upstream firm’s freedom to deal with competitors of the firm imposing the restraint (interbrand restrictions. It should be noted that Russian law does not make this distinction.

A guide to organizing joint ventures with physicians.

Science.gov (United States)

Peters, G R

1986-12-01

Catholic health care facilities must consider the business and legal risks, canon law, and other constraints when planning a joint venture with physicians. Participants should first establish goals and compatibility, then determine the venture's type (property, service), form ("true," lease, contract), and structure (corporation, partnership, joint property ownership, trust). The administrator must decide whether the facility will participate directly in the venture or form a separate organization. Participants must determine their relationships with the venture, choosing among many options. The administrator should consider whether a venture raises any canon law issues, especially regarding ecclesiastical and secular assets, approval by the local bishop or Holy See, and need for consultation. Other pertinent legal issues include: Fraud and abuse. The venture should not appear as compensation to induce referrals. Physician referrals. Many states prohibit or restrict referrals by physician participants. Antitrust law. Participants may be liable for actions constituting on antitrust violation. Securities low. Organizers must clarify Securities and Exchange Commission registration exemptions and observe state "blue sky" laws. Tax issues. Catholic health care facilities must consider such factors as tax-exempt status, unrelated business income, taxable subsidiaries, and public charity status. Other considerations include tax ramifications for physicians; tax shelter registration; certificate of need (CON), licensing, and building standards; effects on reimbursement and pension plans; organizational and bond documents; corporate medical practice and fee-splitting questions; and labor and contractual issues.

AN APPROACH FOR REVIEWING AND RANKING THE CUSTOMERS’ REVIEWS THROUGH QUALITY OF REVIEW (QoR

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sumit Kawate

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Quality is referred as the degree of excellence that means the expected product or service being considered to achieve desired requirements. Whereas, Quality of Reviews (QoR relates to the task of determining the quality, efficiency, suitability, or utility of each review by addressing Quality of Product (QoP and Quality of Service (QoS. It is an essential task of ranking, the reviews based on the quality and efficiency of the reviews given by the users. Whatever the reviews are provided to the particular product or services are from user experiences. The Quality of Reviews (QoR is one of a kind method that defines how the customer’s standpoint for the service or product that he/she experienced. The main issue while reviewing any product, the reviewer provides his/her opinion in the form of reviews and might be a few of those reviews are malicious spam entries to skew the rating of the product. Also in another case, many times customers provide the reviews which are quite common and that won’t helpful for the buyer to interpret the helpful feedback on their products because of too many formal reviews from distinct customers. Hence, we proposed novel approaches: i to statistical analyzes the customer reviews on products by Amazon to identify top most useful or helpful reviewers; ii to analyze the products and its reviews associated for malicious reviews ratings that skewed the overall product ranking. As this is one of the efficient approaches to avoid spam reviewers somehow from reviewing the products. With this, we can use this method for distinguishing between nominal users and spammers. This method helps to quest for helpful reviewers not only to make the product better from best quality reviewers, but also these quality reviewers themselves can able to review future products.

Systematic reviews identify important methodological flaws in stroke rehabilitation therapy primary studies: review of reviews.

Science.gov (United States)

Santaguida, Pasqualina; Oremus, Mark; Walker, Kathryn; Wishart, Laurie R; Siegel, Karen Lohmann; Raina, Parminder

2012-04-01

A "review of reviews" was undertaken to assess methodological issues in studies evaluating nondrug rehabilitation interventions in stroke patients. MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched from January 2000 to January 2008 within the stroke rehabilitation setting. Electronic searches were supplemented by reviews of reference lists and citations identified by experts. Eligible studies were systematic reviews; excluded citations were narrative reviews or reviews of reviews. Review characteristics and criteria for assessing methodological quality of primary studies within them were extracted. The search yielded 949 English-language citations. We included a final set of 38 systematic reviews. Cochrane reviews, which have a standardized methodology, were generally of higher methodological quality than non-Cochrane reviews. Most systematic reviews used standardized quality assessment criteria for primary studies, but not all were comprehensive. Reviews showed that primary studies had problems with randomization, allocation concealment, and blinding. Baseline comparability, adverse events, and co-intervention or contamination were not consistently assessed. Blinding of patients and providers was often not feasible and was not evaluated as a source of bias. The eligible systematic reviews identified important methodological flaws in the evaluated primary studies, suggesting the need for improvement of research methods and reporting. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

LIMITATIONS OF EU COMPETITION LAW AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON RECIDIVISM AND DETERRENCE: ANALYSIS OF THE CONVENIENCE OF A PENAL APPROACH TO CARTELS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Amaya ANGULO GARZARO

2014-05-01

Full Text Available Competition law seeks to foster competition and innovation through the sanctioning of antitrust behavior, and it especially seeks to discourage the creation of hardcore cartels. To that effect, the European Union imposes administrative sanctions to cartels, whereas the United States use their penal system against them. This paper will analyze the advantages and limitations of each option, and will determine whether it would be more effective for the European Union to also use its penal system against cartels.

Legal and economic implications of the competition policy of the Federal Cartel Office for the public sector of the power supply industry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hartmann, U.

1994-01-01

The German gas industry defends itself against the planned amendments of the German Energy Act and the Antitrust Law, objections being based on energy, environmental and regulatory considerations. The amendments most under debate are intended to discontinue demarcation agreements among suppliers, and to establish mandatory Third Party Access. The author's concluding statement is that the gas industry cannot see the point in the Government's move to prescribe such a (probably lethal) medicine to a flourishing branch of industry. (orig./HSCH) [de

E-commerce Review System to Detect False Reviews.

Science.gov (United States)

Kolhar, Manjur

2017-08-15

E-commerce sites have been doing profitable business since their induction in high-speed and secured networks. Moreover, they continue to influence consumers through various methods. One of the most effective methods is the e-commerce review rating system, in which consumers provide review ratings for the products used. However, almost all e-commerce review rating systems are unable to provide cumulative review ratings. Furthermore, review ratings are influenced by positive and negative malicious feedback ratings, collectively called false reviews. In this paper, we proposed an e-commerce review system framework developed using the cumulative sum method to detect and remove malicious review ratings.

Meta-Review: Systematic Assessment of Program Review

Science.gov (United States)

Harlan, Brian

2012-01-01

Over 20 years ago, Robert J. Barak and Barbara E. Breier suggested incorporating a regular assessment of the entire program review system into the review schedule in order to ensure that the system itself is as efficient and effective as the programs under review. Barak and Breier's seminal book on the goals and processes of program review has…

Forbearance, Regulation, and Market Power in Natural Gas Storage: The Case of Ontario

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brown, D.; Ware, R.; Wetston, H.

2007-07-01

In late 2006 the Ontario Energy Board rendered a landmark decision to forbear from the price regulation of natural gas storage services. This paper examines the key issues and provides some economic analysis of the evidence. The decision followed a proceeding during which evidence was given on whether the market for storage is competitive or is subject to significant market power possessed by dominant and incumbent utility firms in the province. Intervenors in the proceeding were in broad agreement on the use of standard concepts from North American antitrust analysis of merger reviews: identification of the relevant product and geographic markets, analysis of market structure within the relevant market, and assessment of barriers to entry. A critical issue at the hearing was the extent of the geographic market; a broad market encompassing U.S. storage facilities in neighbouring states supports a finding of competition, whereas a narrower geographic market restricted to Ontario makes market power more likely. Since gas storage is only as functional as the pipelines connected to it, evidence was directed at assessing the availability of pipeline capacity in both primary and secondary markets. (auth)

Book reviews

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Redactie KITLV

2012-06-01

Full Text Available The African Diaspora: A History Through Culture, by Patrick Manning (reviewed by Joseph C. Miller Atlas of the Transatlantic Slave Trade, by David Eltis & David Richardson (reviewed by Ted Maris-Wolf Abolition: A History of Slavery and Antislavery, by Seymour Drescher (reviewed by Gregory E. O’Malley Paths to Freedom: Manumission in the Atlantic World, edited by Rosemary Brana-Shute & Randy J. Sparks (reviewed by Matthew Mason You Are All Free: The Haitian Revolution and the Abolition of Slavery, by Jeremy D. Popkin (reviewed by Philippe R. Girard Fighting for Honor: The History of African Martial Arts in the Atlantic World, by T .J. Desch Obi (reviewed by Flávio Gomes & Antonio Liberac Cardoso Simões Pires Working the Diaspora: The Impact of African Labor on the Anglo-American World, 1650-1850, by Frederick C. Knight (reviewed by Walter Hawthorne The Akan Diaspora in the Americas, by Kwasi Konadu (reviewed by Ray Kea Tradition and the Black Atlantic: Critical Theory in the African Diaspora, by Henry Louis Gates Jr. (reviewed by Deborah A. Thomas From Africa to Jamaica: The Making of an Atlantic Slave Society, 1775-1807, by Audra A. Diptee (reviewed by D.A. Dunkley Elections, Violence and the Democratic Process in Jamaica 1944-2007, by Amanda Sives (reviewed by Douglas Midgett Caciques and Cemi Idols: The Web Spun by Taino Rulers between Hispaniola and Puerto Rico, by José R. Oliver (reviewed by Brian D. Bates The Latin American Identity and the African Diaspora: Ethnogenesis in Context, by Antonio Olliz Boyd (reviewed by Dawn F. Stinchcomb Reconstructing Racial Identity and the African Past in the Dominican Republic, by Kimberly Eison Simmons (reviewed by Ginetta E.B. Candelario Haiti and the Haitian Diaspora in the Wider Caribbean, edited by Philippe Zacaïr (reviewed by Catherine Benoît Duvalier’s Ghosts: Race, Diaspora, and U.S. Imperialism in Haitian Literatures, by Jana

Cadaveric simulation: a review of reviews.

Science.gov (United States)

Yiasemidou, M; Gkaragkani, E; Glassman, D; Biyani, C S

2017-11-14

Traditional surgical training, largely based on the Halstedian model "see one, do one, teach one" is not as effective in the era of working time restrictions and elaborate shift-patterns. As a result, contemporary surgeons turned to educational methods outside the operating theatre such as simulation. Cadavers are high fidelity models but their use has ethical and cost implications and their availability may be limited. In this review, we explore the role of cadaveric simulation in modern surgical education. All the Evidence-Based Medicine databases were searched for relevant reviews. The resulting studies were assessed for inclusion to this review, according to pre-determined criteria. Data extraction was performed using a custom-made spreadsheet, and the quality of included reviews was assessed using a validated scoring system (AMSTAR). The literature review yielded 33 systematic reviews; five of which matched the inclusion criteria and were included in this review of reviews. Cadaveric simulation was found to have good face (subjective assessment of usefulness) and content validity (whether a specific element adds or retracts to the educational value) while trainees improved their surgical skills after practicing on cadavers. However, concerns have been raised about ethical issues, high cost and availability. Cadavers are an effective medium for surgical teaching, and it may be appropriate for them to be used whenever surrounding conditions such cost and availability allow. Further research is required to provide evidence on whether there is equivalence between cadavers and other educational media which may not bear the same shortcomings.

ReviewChain: Untampered Product Reviews on the Blockchain

OpenAIRE

Martens, Daniel; Maalej, Walid

2018-01-01

Online portals include an increasing amount of user feedback in form of ratings and reviews. Recent research highlighted the importance of this feedback and confirmed that positive feedback improves product sales figures and thus its success. However, online portals' operators act as central authorities throughout the overall review process. In the worst case, operators can exclude users from submitting reviews, modify existing reviews, and introduce fake reviews by fictional consumers. This ...

Market Share, R&D Cooperation, and EU Competition Policy

OpenAIRE

Richard Rubble; Bruno Versaevel

2009-01-01

Working Paper GATE 2009-10; Current EU policy exempts horizontal R&D agreements from antitrust con- cerns when the combined market shares of participants are low enough. This paper argues that existing theory does not support limiting the exemption to low market shares. This is done by introducing a set of non-innovating outside firms to the standard framework to assess what link might exist between the market share of innovating firms and the product market benefits of cooperation. With R&D out...

R and D limited partnerships (possible applications in advanced communications satellite technology experiment program)

Science.gov (United States)

1985-01-01

Typical R&D limited partnership arrangements, advantages and disadvantages of R&D limited partnership (RDLPs) and antitrust and tax implications are described. A number of typical forms of RDLPs are described that may be applicable for use in stimulating R&D and experimental programs using the advanced communications technology satellite. The ultimate goal is to increase the rate of market penetration of goods and/or services based upon advanced satellite communications technology. The conditions necessary for these RDLP forms to be advantageous are outlined.

Physical and financial virtual power plants

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Willems, Bert

2005-01-01

Regulators in Belgium and the Netherlands use different mechanisms to mitigate generation market power. In Belgium, antitrust authorities oblige the incumbent to sell financial Virtual Power Plants, while in the Netherlands regulators have been discussing the use of physical Virtual Power Plants. This paper uses a numerical game theoretic model to simulate the behavior of the generation firms and to compare the effects of both systems on the market power of the generators. It shows that financial Virtual Power Plants are better for society. (Author)

Substantial criteria of decision of the communities in the selection of a network operator in energy-related concession agreements; Materiellrechtliche Entscheidungskriterien der Gemeinden bei der Auswahl des Netzbetreibers in energiewirtschaftlichen Konzessionsvertraegen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Buedenbender, Ulrich [Technische Univ. Dresden (Germany). Lehrstuhl fuer Buergerliches Recht, Energiewirtschaft und Arbeitsrecht

2011-07-01

In light of the local roads authority, the communities decide on which partner adopts the operation of the local distribution network for electricity and gas. The question of the selection criteria has been neglected largely. The author of the book under consideration analyzes the relevant issues in energy law and antitrust law including european legal and constitutional issues. Several aspects to be considered in the rightful selection of the concession contract partner are shown. Legal consequences of disregarding the legally prescribed selection criteria are discussed.

Governance, Issuance Restrictions, And Competition In Payment Card Networks

OpenAIRE

Robert S. Pindyck

2007-01-01

I discuss the antitrust suit brought by the U.S. Department of Justice against Visa and MasterCard in 1998. Banks that issue Visa cards are free to also issue MasterCard cards, and vice versa, and many banks issue the cards of both networks. However, both Visa and MasterCard had rules prohibiting member banks from also issuing the cards of other networks, in particular American Express and Discover. In addition, most banks are members of both the Visa and MasterCard networks, so governance is...

Anatomy of the Rise and Fall of a Price-Fixing Conspiracy: Auctions at Sotheby's and Christie's

OpenAIRE

Ashenfelter, Orley C; Graddy, Kathryn

2004-01-01

The Sotheby's/Christie's price-fixing scandal that ended in the public trial of Alfred Taubman provides a unique window on a number of key economic and antitrust policy issues related to the use of the auction system. The trial provided detailed evidence as to how the price fixing worked, and the economic conditions under which it was started and began to fall apart. The outcome of the case also provides evidence on the novel auction process used to choose the lead counsel for the civil settl...

Book reviews

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Redactie KITLV

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Create Dangerously: The Immigrant Artist at Work, by Edwidge Danticat (reviewed by Colin Dayan Gordon K. Lewis on Race, Class and Ideology in the Caribbean, edited by Anthony P. Maingot (reviewed by Bridget Brereton Freedom and Constraint in Caribbean Migration and Diaspora, edited by Elizabeth Thomas-Hope (reviewed by Mary Chamberlain Black Europe and the African Diaspora, edited by Darlene Clark Hine, Trica Danielle Keaton & Stephen Small (reviewed by Gert Oostindie Caribbean Middlebrow: Leisure Culture and the Middle Class, by Belinda E dmondson (reviewed by Karla Slocum Global Change and Caribbean Vulnerability: Environment, Economy and Society at Risk, edited by Duncan McGregor, David Dodman & David Barker (reviewed by Bonham C. Richardson Encountering Revolution: Haiti and the Making of the Early Republic, by Ashli White (reviewed by Matt Clavin Red and Black in Haiti: Radicalism, Conflict, and Political Change, 1934-1957, by Matthew J. Smith (reviewed by Robert Fatton Jr. Cuba in the American Imagination: Metaphor and the Imperial Ethos, by Louis A. Pérez Jr. (reviewed by Camillia Cowling Seeds of Insurrection: Domination and Resistance on Western Cuban Plantations, 1808-1848, by Manuel Barcia (reviewed by Matt D. Childs Epidemic Invasions: Yellow Fever and the Limits of Cuban Independence, 1878-1930, by Mariola Espinosa (reviewed by Cruz Maria Nazario The Cuban Connection: Drug Trafficking, Smuggling, and Gambling in Cuba from the 1920s to the Revolution, by Eduardo Sáenz Rovner (reviewed by Ivelaw Lloyd Griffith Before Fidel: The Cuba I Remember, by Francisco José Moreno, and The Boys from Dolores: Fidel Castro’s Schoolmates from Revolution to Exile, by Patrick Symmes (reviewed by Pedro Pérez Sarduy Lam, by Jacques Leenhardt & Jean-Louis Paudrat (reviewed by Sally Price Healing Dramas: Divination and Magic in Modern Puerto Rico, by Raquel Romberg (reviewed by Grant Jewell

Book reviews

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

T. Abdel-Motey., C. Urfels., K. Rodriguez., J. Mardikian., J.A. Drobnicki., V. Diodato.

2000-10-01

Full Text Available Title:(1 The Library and Information Professional’s Guide to the Internet. (2 Reinvention of the Public Library for the 21st Century. (3 Public Library Collection Development in the Information Age. (4 Making Sense of Journals in the Life Science: From Specialty Origins to Contemporary Assortment. (5 The Holocaust: Memories, Research, Reference. (6 How to Index Your Local Newspaper Using WordPerfect or Microsoft Word for Windows. (7 Effective Utilization and Management of Emerging Information Technologies. (8 Information Technology and Organizations: Challenges of New Technologies. (9 Facilities Planning for School Media and Technology Centers. (10 Libraries Without Walls 2: The Delivery of Library Services to Distance Users. (11 New International Directions in HIV Prevention for Gay and Bisexual Men. (12 Soaring to Excellence Videos: Tools of Our Trade III: Books, the Internet, and Beyond.Author:(1Reviewed by Teresa Abdel-Motey. (2Review by Claire Urfels. (3Reviewed by Dr. Ketty Rodriguez. (4Reviewed by Jackie Mardikian. (5Reviewed by John A. Drobnicki.(6Reviewed by Dr. Virgil Diodato. (7Reviewed by Dr. Lisa M. Covi. (8Reviewed by Tom Zillner. (9Reviewed by Dr. W. Bernard Lukenbill. (10Reviewed by Dr. Elizabeth Buchanan. (11Reviewed by Aisha White. (12Reviewed by Phyllis Tragash

Book reviews

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Redactie KITLV

2010-12-01

Full Text Available The Atlantic World, 1450-2000, edited by Toyin Falola & Kevin D. Roberts (reviewed by Aaron Spencer Fogleman The Slave Ship: A Human History, by Marcus Rediker (reviewed by Justin Roberts Extending the Frontiers: Essays on the New Transatlantic Slave Trade Database, edited by David Eltis & David Richardson (reviewed by Joseph C. Miller "New Negroes from Africa": Slave Trade Abolition and Free African Settlement in the Nineteenth-Century Caribbean, by Rosanne Marion Adderley (reviewed by Nicolette Bethel Atlantic Diasporas: Jews, Conversos, and Crypto-Jews in the Age of Mercantilism, 1500-1800, edited by Richard L. Kagan & Philip D. Morgan (reviewed by Jonathan Schorsch Brother’s Keeper: The United States, Race, and Empire in the British Caribbean, 1937-1962, by Jason C. Parker (reviewed by Charlie Whitham Labour and the Multiracial Project in the Caribbean: Its History and Promise, by Sara Abraham (reviewed by Douglas Midgett Envisioning Caribbean Futures: Jamaican Perspectives, by Brian Meeks (reviewed by Gina Athena Ulysse Archibald Monteath: Igbo, Jamaican, Moravian, by Maureen Warner-Lewis (reviewed by Jon Sensbach Left of Karl Marx: The Political Life of Black Communist Claudia Jones, by Carole Boyce Davies (reviewed by Linden Lewis Displacements and Transformations in Caribbean Cultures, edited by Lizabeth Paravisini-Gebert & Ivette Romero-Cesareo (reviewed by Bill Maurer Caribbean Migration to Western Europe and the United States: Essays on Incorporation, Identity, and Citizenship, edited by Margarita Cervantes-Rodríguez, Ramón Grosfoguel & Eric Mielants (reviewed by Gert Oostindie Home Cooking in the Global Village: Caribbean Food from Buccaneers to Ecotourists, by Richard Wilk (reviewed by William H. Fisher Dead Man in Paradise: Unraveling a Murder from a Time of Revolution, by J.B. MacKinnon (reviewed by Edward Paulino Tropical Zion: General Trujillo, FDR, and the Jews of Sos

Book reviews

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Redactie KITLV

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Globalization and the Po st-Creole Imagination: Notes on Fleeing the Plantation,by Michaeline A. Crichlow with Patricia Northover (reviewed by Raquel Romberg Afro-Caribbean Religions: An Introduction to their Historical, Cultural, and Sacred Traditions, by Nathaniel Samuel Murrell (reviewed by James Houk Africas of the Americas: Beyond the Search for Origins in the Study of Afro-Atlantic Religions, edited by Stephan Palmié (reviewed by Aisha Khan Òrì?à Devotion as World Religion: The Globalization of Yorùbá Religious Culture, edited by Jacob K. Olupona & Terry Rey (reviewed by Brian Brazeal Sacred Spaces and Religious Traditions in Oriente Cuba, by Jualynne E. Dodson (reviewed by Kristina Wirtz The Coolie Speaks: Chinese Indentured Laborers and African Slaves of Cuba, by Lisa Yun (reviewed by W. Look Lai Cuba and Western Intellectuals since 1959, by Kepa Artaraz (reviewed by Anthony P. Maingot Inside El Barrio: A Bottom-Up View of Neighborhood Life in Castro’s Cuba, by Henry Louis Taylor, Jr. (reviewed by Mona Rosendahl On Location in Cuba: Street Filmmaking During Times of Transition, by Ann Marie Stock (reviewed by Cristina Venegas Cuba in The Special Period: Culture and Ideology in the 1990s, edited by Ariana Hernandez-Reguant (reviewed by Myrna García-Calderón The Cubans of Union City: Immigrants and Exiles in a New Jersey Community. Yolanda Prieto (reviewed by Jorge Duany Target Culebra: How 743 Islanders Took On the Entire U.S. Navy and Won, by Richard D. Copaken (reviewed by Jorge Rodríguez Beruff The World of the Haitian Revolution, edited by David Patrick Geggus & Norman Fiering (reviewed by Yvonne Fabella Bon Papa: Haiti’s Golden Years, by Bernard Diederich (reviewed by Robert Fatton, Jr. 1959: The Year that Inflamed the Caribbean, by Bernard Diederich (reviewed by Landon Yarrington Dominican Cultures: The Making of a Caribbean Society, edited by Bernardo Vega

Quality of systematic reviews in pediatric oncology--a systematic review.

Science.gov (United States)

Lundh, Andreas; Knijnenburg, Sebastiaan L; Jørgensen, Anders W; van Dalen, Elvira C; Kremer, Leontien C M

2009-12-01

To ensure evidence-based decision making in pediatric oncology systematic reviews are necessary. The objective of our study was to evaluate the methodological quality of all currently existing systematic reviews in pediatric oncology. We identified eligible systematic reviews through a systematic search of the literature. Data on clinical and methodological characteristics of the included systematic reviews were extracted. The methodological quality of the included systematic reviews was assessed using the overview quality assessment questionnaire, a validated 10-item quality assessment tool. We compared the methodological quality of systematic reviews published in regular journals with that of Cochrane systematic reviews. We included 117 systematic reviews, 99 systematic reviews published in regular journals and 18 Cochrane systematic reviews. The average methodological quality of systematic reviews was low for all ten items, but the quality of Cochrane systematic reviews was significantly higher than systematic reviews published in regular journals. On a 1-7 scale, the median overall quality score for all systematic reviews was 2 (range 1-7), with a score of 1 (range 1-7) for systematic reviews in regular journals compared to 6 (range 3-7) in Cochrane systematic reviews (pmethodological flaws leading to a high risk of bias. While Cochrane systematic reviews were of higher methodological quality than systematic reviews in regular journals, some of them also had methodological problems. Therefore, the methodology of each individual systematic review should be scrutinized before accepting its results.

Human-system interface design review guideline -- Reviewer`s checklist: Final report. Revision 1, Volume 2

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-06-01

NUREG-0700, Revision 1, provides human factors engineering (HFE) guidance to the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission staff for its: (1) review of the human system interface (HSI) design submittals prepared by licensees or applications for a license or design certification of commercial nuclear power plants, and (2) performance of HSI reviews that could be undertaken as part of an inspection or other type of regulatory review involving HSI design or incidents involving human performance. The guidance consists of a review process and HFE guidelines. The document describes those aspects of the HSI design review process that are important to the identification and resolution of human engineering discrepancies that could adversely affect plant safety. Guidance is provided that could be used by the staff to review an applicant`s HSI design review process or to guide the development of an HSI design review plan, e.g., as part of an inspection activity. The document also provides detailed HFE guidelines for the assessment of HSI design implementations. NUREG-0700, Revision 1, consists of three stand-alone volumes. Volume 2 is a complete set of the guidelines contained in Volume 1, Part 2, but in a checklist format that can be used by reviewers to assemble sets of individual guidelines for use in specific design reviews. The checklist provides space for reviewers to enter guidelines evaluations and comments.

Regulatory review of NPP Krsko Periodic Safety Review

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lovincic, D.; Muehleisen, A.; Persic, A.

2004-01-01

At the request of the Slovenian Nuclear Safety Administration (SNSA), Krsko NPP prepared a Periodic Safety Review (PSR) program in January 2001. This is the first PSR of NPP Krsko, the only nuclear power plant in Slovenia. The program was reviewed by the IAEA mission in May 2001 and approved by SNSA in July 2001. The program is made in accordance with the IAEA Safety Guide 'Periodic Safety Review of Operational Nuclear Power Plants' No. 50-SG-012 and with European practice. It contains a systematic review of operation of the NPP Krsko, including the review of the changes as a result of the modernization of the facility. The main tasks of PSR are review of plant status for each safety factor, development of aging and life cycle management program, review of seismic design and PSHA analysis and update of regulatory compliance program. The prioritization process of findings and action plan are also important tasks of PSR. The basic safety factors of the PSR review are: Operational Experience, Safety Assessment and Analyses, Equipment Qualification and Ageing Management, Safety Culture, Emergency Planing, Environmental Impact and Radioactive Waste, Compliance with license requirements and Prioritization. It had been agreed that SNSA will have reviewed all PSR reports generated during the PSR process. At the end of 2003 the PSR Summary Report with selected recommendations for action plan was completed and delivered to SNSA for review. The paper presents regulatory review of NPP Krsko PSR with emphasis on the evaluation of the PSR issues ranking process. (author)

Systematising "System": One Reviewer's Analysis of the Review Process

Science.gov (United States)

Coniam, David

2011-01-01

This paper describes one reviewer's experience of reviewing for the journal "System" over an eight-year period, 2003-2011. The paper reports on the reviews produced by the single reviewer, which have been compiled into a specific purpose--an "occluded"--corpus (Swales, 1996) of 122 reviews, comprising 93,000 words. The paper first describes the…

Quality of systematic reviews in pediatric oncology--a systematic review

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lundh, Andreas; Knijnenburg, Sebastiaan L; Jørgensen, Anders W

2009-01-01

BACKGROUND: To ensure evidence-based decision making in pediatric oncology systematic reviews are necessary. The objective of our study was to evaluate the methodological quality of all currently existing systematic reviews in pediatric oncology. METHODS: We identified eligible systematic reviews...... through a systematic search of the literature. Data on clinical and methodological characteristics of the included systematic reviews were extracted. The methodological quality of the included systematic reviews was assessed using the overview quality assessment questionnaire, a validated 10-item quality...... assessment tool. We compared the methodological quality of systematic reviews published in regular journals with that of Cochrane systematic reviews. RESULTS: We included 117 systematic reviews, 99 systematic reviews published in regular journals and 18 Cochrane systematic reviews. The average methodological...

Book Reviews

OpenAIRE

Elena Mancusi-Materi

2002-01-01

Book reviews: Helmore, K. and N. Singh, Sustainable Livelihoods – Building on the Wealth of the poor (reviewed by Elena Mancusi-Materi); Scoones, I (ed.), Dinamics and Diversity: Soil fertility and farming livelihoods in africa (reviewed by Elena Mancusi-Materi); Uphoff, N. (ed.), Agroecological Innovations – Increasing Food Production with Pariciatory Development (reviewed by Elena Mancusi-Materi); Marten, G.G., Human Ecology, Basic Concepts for Sustianable Development (reviewed by Siobhán K...

Methological quality of systematic reviews and meta-analyses on acupuncture for stroke: A review of review.

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Xin-Lin; Mo, Chuan-Wei; Lu, Li-Ya; Gao, Ri-Yang; Xu, Qian; Wu, Min-Feng; Zhou, Qian-Yi; Hu, Yue; Zhou, Xuan; Li, Xian-Tao

2017-11-01

To assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews and meta-analyses regarding acupuncture intervention for stroke and the primary studies within them. Two researchers searched PubMed, Cumulative index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, ISI Web of Knowledge, Cochrane, Allied and Complementary Medicine, Ovid Medline, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang and Traditional Chinese Medical Database to identify systematic reviews and meta-analyses about acupuncture for stroke published from the inception to December 2016. Review characteristics and the criteria for assessing the primary studies within reviews were extracted. The methodological quality of the reviews was assessed using adapted Oxman and Guyatt Scale. The methodological quality of primary studies was also assessed. Thirty-two eligible reviews were identified, 15 in English and 17 in Chinese. The English reviews were scored higher than the Chinese reviews (P=0.025), especially in criteria for avoiding bias and the scope of search. All reviews used the quality criteria to evaluate the methodological quality of primary studies, but some criteria were not comprehensive. The primary studies, in particular the Chinese reviews, had problems with randomization, allocation concealment, blinding, dropouts and withdrawals, intent-to-treat analysis and adverse events. Important methodological flaws were found in Chinese systematic reviews and primary studies. It was necessary to improve the methodological quality and reporting quality of both the systematic reviews published in China and primary studies on acupuncture for stroke.

Does mentoring new peer reviewers improve review quality? A randomized trial

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Houry Debra

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Prior efforts to train medical journal peer reviewers have not improved subsequent review quality, although such interventions were general and brief. We hypothesized that a manuscript-specific and more extended intervention pairing new reviewers with high-quality senior reviewers as mentors would improve subsequent review quality. Methods Over a four-year period we randomly assigned all new reviewers for Annals of Emergency Medicine to receive our standard written informational materials alone, or these materials plus a new mentoring intervention. For this program we paired new reviewers with a high-quality senior reviewer for each of their first three manuscript reviews, and asked mentees to discuss their review with their mentor by email or phone. We then compared the quality of subsequent reviews between the control and intervention groups, using linear mixed effects models of the slopes of review quality scores over time. Results We studied 490 manuscript reviews, with similar baseline characteristics between the 24 mentees who completed the trial and the 22 control reviewers. Mean quality scores for the first 3 reviews on our 1 to 5 point scale were similar between control and mentee groups (3.4 versus 3.5, as were slopes of change of review scores (-0.229 versus -0.549 and all other secondary measures of reviewer performance. Conclusions A structured training intervention of pairing newly recruited medical journal peer reviewers with senior reviewer mentors did not improve the quality of their subsequent reviews.

Economic and legal aspects of utility consortiums for heliostat purchase

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cole, R.J.; Sommers, P.; Sheppard, W.J.; Nesse, R.J.

1982-07-01

A preliminary exploration is given of the legal and economic considerations surrounding the formation and operation of some form of utility-sponsored collective buying arrangement for heliostats. Particular attention is focused on considerations of federal antitrust law surrounding collective buying and other joint operations by electric utilities. Attention is also given to considerations suggested by the economic theory of monopsony (markets with a single buyer) and oligopsony (markets with a small number of buyers). The advantages and disadvantages of such arrangements are examined from the viewpoints of the buyer and the seller. (LEW)

THE FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL GLOBAL CARTELS OF THE 1990s: OVERVIEW AND UPDATE

OpenAIRE

John M. Connor

2002-01-01

“Greed is good.” --Gordon Gecko in Wall Street (1987) “Greed Is Bad.”--Paul Krugman, The New York Times, June 4, 2002 “For many years, Archer Daniels Midland Co.’s philosophy of customer relations could be summed up by a quote from former ADM President James Randall: ‘Our competitors are out friends. Our customers are the enemy.’ This motto animated the company’s business dealings and ultimately led to blatant violations of U.S. antitrust law, a guilty plea and a staggering criminal fine agai...

S.790: This Act may be cited as the Motor Fuel Consumer Protection Act of 1991, introduced in the Senate of the United States, One Hundred Second Congress, First Session, April 9, 1991

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1991-01-01

This bill would amend the antitrust laws in order to preserve and promote wholesale and retail competition in the retail gasoline market. The bill describes limits on the ownership and operation of service stations. The main provision is the it shall be unlawful for any producer or refiner to require any retail motor fuel dealer to purchase more than 70% of the monthly retail sales of motor fuel from such refiner or producer. Motor fuel refers to gasoline, diesel fuel, alcohol, or any mixture of these sold for use in automobiles and related vehicles

Starr v. SONY BMG Music Entertainment: The Second Circuit’s Misapplication of Twombly in a Section 1 Sherman Act Conspiracy Case Alleging Parallel Conduct

OpenAIRE

Kenneth Logan; Jonathan Youngwood

2010-01-01

This article provides an overview of plaintiffs’ allegations, Judge Preska’s opinion, the Second Circuit’s decision, and outlines the authors’ views on the Second Circuit’s errors and the implications Starr will have on antitrust pleading standards in the Second Circuit and elsewhere. Kenneth R. Logan & Jonathan K. Youngwood, Simpson Thacher & Bartlett

R&D Collaboration with Uncertain Intellectual Property Rights

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Czarnitzki, Dirk; Hussinger, Katrin; Schneider, Cédric

2015-01-01

—uncertain intellectual property rights (IPRs) lead to reduced collaboration between firms and can, hence, hinder knowledge production. This has implications for technology policy as R&D collaborations are exempt from antitrust legislation in order to increase R&D in the economy. We argue that a functional IPR system......Patent pendencies create uncertainty in research and development (R&D) collaboration, which can result in a threat of expropriation of unprotected knowledge, reduced bargaining power and enhanced search costs. We show that—depending of the type of collaboration partner and the size of the company...

R&D Collaboration with Uncertain Intellectual Property Rights

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Czarnitzki, Dirk; Hussinger, Katrin; Schneider, Cédric

- uncertain intellectual property rights (IPR) lead to reduced collaboration between firms and may hinder the production of knowledge. This has implications for technology policy as R&D collaborations are exempt from anti-trust legislation in order to increase R&D in the economy. We argue that a functional......Patent pendencies create uncertainty in research and development (R&D) collaboration agreements, resulting in a threat of expropriation of unprotected knowledge by potential partners, reduced bargaining power and enhanced search costs. In this paper, we show that - depending of the type of partner...

Energy policy of Lower Saxony

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hirche, W.

1988-01-01

The government of the Land Lower Saxony in February 1988 submitted a new energy programme intended to define the energy-political boundary data for energy industry and energy consumers, and to bring about the broadest possible consensus for the implementation of this energy policy between politicians, the energy industry and the population. The Minister of Economy of Lower Saxony in his statement refers particularly to the topics nuclear energy and coal, renewable energies, structure of areas to be supplied with energy, and considerations relating to a revision of the antitrust laws. (orig.) [de

Initiative and responsibility; Veranlassung und Verantwortung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Loewer, Wolfgang (ed.)

2012-07-01

The 6th Bonner Dialogue to energy law picks up the trend of increasing regulation of the energy sector on a more fundamental level. Under this aspect, the book under consideration contains four contributions: (1) Initiative and responsibility from a constitutional point of view (Hans-Jueergen Papier); (2) Obligations to invest in the development of transmission networks between initiative and responsibility (Juergen Kuehling); (3) Antitrust unbundling of companies from comparative law perspective (Wulf-Henning Roth); (4) Unbundling of companies outside of fusion control according to valid and future law (Andreas Roehling).

The Formation of Cartels and the Proposition of Leniency Agreements by Companies Perpetrators of Violations of the Economic Order

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

João Paulo Vieira Deschk

2016-12-01

Full Text Available The cartel is considered the most serious injury to competition among the anticompetitive conduct. Cartel is an agreement between competitors, whose goal is to eliminate competition, which may be through price fixing, production quotas, market division, among others. The cartel brings huge losses to the company, increasing the price of products and affecting their availability in the market. Harming consumers, economic development, and technological innovation, affecting considerably the social well-being, addressing the prosecution of cartels by antitrust authorities, highlighting the evidentiary means, especially the leniency program.

Essential Inputs and Antitrust Barriers in the Mexican Economic Competition Regime

OpenAIRE

Victor Pavon-Villamayor

2014-01-01

According to the new law, a barrier to competition and free entry is also, literally, anything that limits or distorts the process of competition and free entry. Víctor Pavón-Villamayor (Oxford Competition Economics)

Book Reviews

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Christien Klaufus, Book Review Editor

2016-10-01

Full Text Available American Crossings: Border Politics in the Western Hemisphere, edited by Maiah Jaskoski, Arturo C. Sotomayor & Harold A. Trinkunas, 2015; reviewed by Olivier Thomas Kramsch The Remittance Landscape: Spaces of Migration in Rural Mexico and Urban USA, by Sarah Lynn Lopez, 2015; reviewed by Christien Klaufus Latin America’s Emerging Middle Classes; Economic Perspectives, editado por Jeff Dayton-Johnson, 2015; reseñado por Ludolfo Paramio Cities, Business and the Politics of Urban Violence in Latin America, by Eduardo Moncada,2016; reviewed by Gerard Martin Who Counts? The Mathematics of Death and Life after Genocide, by Diane Nelson, 2015; reviewed by Finn Stepputat Owners of the Sidewalk: Security and Survival in the Informal City, by Daniel Goldstein, 2015; reviewed by Griet Steel Beyond Tradition, Beyond Invention: Cosmic Technologies and Creativity in Contemporary Afro-Cuban Religions, edited by Diana Espírito Santo and Anastasios Panagiotopoulos, 2015; reviewed by Ken Chitwood Cuba and the U.S. Empire. A Chronological History, by Jane Franklin, 2016; reviewed by Edgar Göll Haydée Santamaría, Cuban Revolutionary: She Led by Transgression, by Margaret Randall, 2015; Vilma Espín Guillois: el fuego de la libertad, by Yolanda Ferrer Gómez and Carolina Aguilar Ayerra, 2015; reviewed by Dirk Kruijt Revolutionary Ideology and Political Destiny in Mexico, 1928-1934: Lázaro Cárdenas and Adalberto Tejeda, by Eitan Ginzberg, 2015; reviewed by Heather Fowler-Salamini Political Landscapes: Forest, Conservation and Community in Mexico, by Christopher R. Boyer, 2015; reviewed by Mariel Aguilar-Støen A Sentimental Education for the Working Man. The Mexico City Penny Press, 1900-1910, por Robert M. Buffington, 2015; reseñado por Lucas Poy Pesos and Politics: Business, Elites, Foreigners and Government in Mexico, 1854-1940, by Mark Wasserman, 2015; reviewed by Benedicte Bull State Theory and Andean Politics: New Approaches to the Study

Critical Review

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rosenbaum, Ralph K.; Olsen, Stig Irving

2018-01-01

Manipulation and mistakes in LCA studies are as old as the tool itself, and so is its critical review. Besides preventing misuse and unsupported claims, critical review may also help identifying mistakes and more justifiable assumptions as well as generally improve the quality of a study. It thus...... supports the robustness of an LCA and increases trust in its results and conclusions. The focus of this chapter is on understanding what a critical review is, how the international standards define it, what its main elements are, and what reviewer qualifications are required. It is not the objective...... of this chapter to learn how to conduct a critical review, neither from a reviewer nor from a practitioner perspective. The foundation of this chapter and the basis for any critical review of LCA studies are the International Standards ISO 14040:2006, ISO 14044:2006 and ISO TS 14071:2014....

6 CFR 13.5 - Review by the Reviewing Official.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 6 Domestic Security 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Review by the Reviewing Official. 13.5 Section 13.5 Domestic Security DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY PROGRAM FRAUD CIVIL REMEDIES § 13.5 Review by the Reviewing Official. (a) If, based on the report of the Investigating Official...

Essays on Online Reviews: Reviewers' Strategic Behaviors and Contributions over Time

Science.gov (United States)

Shen, Wenqi

2010-01-01

Online reviews play an important role in consumers' purchasing decisions. Researchers are increasingly interested in studying the dynamic impact of online reviews on product sales. However, the antecedent of online reviews, online reviewers' behaviors, has not been fully explored. Understanding how online reviewers make review decisions can assist…

Book Reviews

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Book Review Editor, Christien Klaufus

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Rebel Mexico: Student Unrest and Authoritarian Political Culture During the Long Sixties, by Jaime M. Pensado, 2013, and Specters of Revolution: Peasant Guerrillas in the Cold War Mexican Countryside, by Alexander Aviña, 2014; reviewed by Wil G. PanstersWe are the face of Oaxaca: Testimony and Social Movements, by Lynn Stephen, 2013; reviewed by Jaime HoogestegerMaya Exodus: Indigenous struggle for citizenship in Chiapas, by Heidi Moksnes, 2012; reviewed by Gemma van der HaarLand and Freedom: The MST, the Zapatistas and Peasant Alternatives to Neoliberalism, by Leandro Vergara-Camus, 2014; reviewed by Jonathan DeVoreIndigenous Movements and Building the Plurinational State in Bolivia: Organisation and Identity in the Trajectory of the CSUTCB and CONAMAQ, by Radosław Powęska, 2013; reviewed by Ton SalmanMovimientos estudiantiles en la historia de América Latina IV, coordinado por Renate Marsiske, 2015; reseñado por Andrés Donoso RomoEl corazón de los libros, Alzate y Bartolache: Lectores y escritores novohispanos (S. XVIII, by Mauricio Sánchez Menchero, 2012; reviewed by Helge WendtAurality: Listening and Knowledge in Nineteenth-Century Colombia, por Ana María Ochoa Gautier, 2014; reseñado por Mercedes López RodríguezThe Vanguard of the Atlantic World: Creating Modernity, Nation, and Democracy in Nineteenth-Century Latin America, by James E. Sanders, 2014; reviewed by Michiel BaudMexico’s Once and Future Revolution: Social Upheaval and the Challenge of Rule since the Late Nineteenth Century, by Gilbert M. Joseph and Jürgen Buchenau, 2013; reviewed by Dirk KruijtThe Great Depression in Latin America, coordinado por Paulo Drinot and Alan Knight, 2014; reseñado por Juan Carlos KorolEnhancing Democracy. Public Policies and Citizen Participation in Chile, by Gonzalo Delamaza, 2014; reviewed by Camila Jara IbarraCritical Interventions in Caribbean Politics and Theory, by Brian Meeks, 2014; reviewed by Hebe VerrestBlack Power in the

The quality of systematic reviews about interventions for refractive error can be improved: a review of systematic reviews.

Science.gov (United States)

Mayo-Wilson, Evan; Ng, Sueko Matsumura; Chuck, Roy S; Li, Tianjing

2017-09-05

Systematic reviews should inform American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) Preferred Practice Pattern® (PPP) guidelines. The quality of systematic reviews related to the forthcoming Preferred Practice Pattern® guideline (PPP) Refractive Errors & Refractive Surgery is unknown. We sought to identify reliable systematic reviews to assist the AAO Refractive Errors & Refractive Surgery PPP. Systematic reviews were eligible if they evaluated the effectiveness or safety of interventions included in the 2012 PPP Refractive Errors & Refractive Surgery. To identify potentially eligible systematic reviews, we searched the Cochrane Eyes and Vision United States Satellite database of systematic reviews. Two authors identified eligible reviews and abstracted information about the characteristics and quality of the reviews independently using the Systematic Review Data Repository. We classified systematic reviews as "reliable" when they (1) defined criteria for the selection of studies, (2) conducted comprehensive literature searches for eligible studies, (3) assessed the methodological quality (risk of bias) of the included studies, (4) used appropriate methods for meta-analyses (which we assessed only when meta-analyses were reported), (5) presented conclusions that were supported by the evidence provided in the review. We identified 124 systematic reviews related to refractive error; 39 met our eligibility criteria, of which we classified 11 to be reliable. Systematic reviews classified as unreliable did not define the criteria for selecting studies (5; 13%), did not assess methodological rigor (10; 26%), did not conduct comprehensive searches (17; 44%), or used inappropriate quantitative methods (3; 8%). The 11 reliable reviews were published between 2002 and 2016. They included 0 to 23 studies (median = 9) and analyzed 0 to 4696 participants (median = 666). Seven reliable reviews (64%) assessed surgical interventions. Most systematic reviews of interventions for

Technology-Enhanced Peer Review: Benefits and Implications of Providing Multiple Reviews

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Papadopoulos, Pantelis M.; Lagkas, Thomas D.; Demetriadis, Stavros N.

2017-01-01

This study analyses the impact of self and peer feedback in technology-enhanced peer review settings. The impact of receiving peer comments (“receiver” perspective) is compared to that of reaching own insights by reviewing others’ work (“giver” perspective). In this study, 38 sophomore students...... were randomly assigned in two conditions and engaged in peer review activity facilitated by a web-based learning environment asking them to provide multiple reviews. In the Peer Reviewed (PR) condition students both reviewed peer work and received peer comments for their own work. By contrast......, in the Self Reviewed (SR) condition students provided peer reviews, but did not receive any. Instead, they were asked to perform self reviewing, before proceeding to any revisions of their work. Result showed that the two groups were comparable in all aspects, suggesting that the lack of getting peer reviews...

Systematic review

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bager, Palle; Chauhan, Usha; Greveson, Kay

2017-01-01

of evidence is needed and the aim of this article was to systematically review the evidence of IBD advice lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A broad systematic literature search was performed to identify relevant studies addressing the effect of advice lines. The process of selection of the retrieved studies...... was undertaken in two phases. In phase one, all abstracts were review by two independent reviewers. In phase two, the full text of all included studies were independently reviewed by two reviewers. The included studies underwent quality assessment and data synthesis. RESULTS: Ten published studies and 10...... congress abstracts were included in the review. The studies were heterogeneous both in scientific quality and in the focus of the study. No rigorous evidence was found to support that advice lines improve disease activity in IBD and correspondingly no studies reported worsening in disease activity. Advice...

Nuclear Posture Review

Science.gov (United States)

2018-02-01

REVIEW margin for further delay in recapitalizing the physical infrastructure needed to produce strategic materials and components for U.S. nuclear... REVIEW 2018 This page left intentionally blank REVIEW NUCLEAR POSTURE REVIEW FEBRUARY 2018...OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE This page left intentionally blank REVIEW CONTENTS SECRETARY’S PREFACE

Calculus super review

CERN Document Server

2012-01-01

Get all you need to know with Super Reviews! Each Super Review is packed with in-depth, student-friendly topic reviews that fully explain everything about the subject. The Calculus I Super Review includes a review of functions, limits, basic derivatives, the definite integral, combinations, and permutations. Take the Super Review quizzes to see how much you've learned - and where you need more study. Makes an excellent study aid and textbook companion. Great for self-study!DETAILS- From cover to cover, each in-depth topic review is easy-to-follow and easy-to-grasp - Perfect when preparing for

Child maltreatment prevention: a systematic review of reviews.

Science.gov (United States)

Mikton, Christopher; Butchart, Alexander

2009-05-01

To synthesize recent evidence from systematic and comprehensive reviews on the effectiveness of universal and selective child maltreatment prevention interventions, evaluate the methodological quality of the reviews and outcome evaluation studies they are based on, and map the geographical distribution of the evidence. A systematic review of reviews was conducted. The quality of the systematic reviews was evaluated with a tool for the assessment of multiple systematic reviews (AMSTAR), and the quality of the outcome evaluations was assessed using indicators of internal validity and of the construct validity of outcome measures. The review focused on seven main types of interventions: home visiting, parent education, child sex abuse prevention, abusive head trauma prevention, multi-component interventions, media-based interventions, and support and mutual aid groups. Four of the seven - home-visiting, parent education, abusive head trauma prevention and multi-component interventions - show promise in preventing actual child maltreatment. Three of them - home visiting, parent education and child sexual abuse prevention - appear effective in reducing risk factors for child maltreatment, although these conclusions are tentative due to the methodological shortcomings of the reviews and outcome evaluation studies they draw on. An analysis of the geographical distribution of the evidence shows that outcome evaluations of child maltreatment prevention interventions are exceedingly rare in low- and middle-income countries and make up only 0.6% of the total evidence base. Evidence for the effectiveness of four of the seven main types of interventions for preventing child maltreatment is promising, although it is weakened by methodological problems and paucity of outcome evaluations from low- and middle-income countries.

A Rule of Reason for Inward FDI: Integrating Canadian Foreign Investment Review and Competition Policy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Grant Bishop

2016-10-01

Full Text Available The Investment Canada Act (ICA needs an overhaul. This reform must include a paradigm shift in thinking to a much less restrictive view about the benefits of foreign direct investment in Canada. Currently, the ICA operates under the presumption that foreign firms behave detrimentally to the Canadian economy: foreign acquirers are required to show “net benefit” to Canada and may need to make onerous commitments for maintaining output or employment. This attitude, a holdover from the ICA’s predecessor, the Foreign Investment Review Agency, has created an atmosphere which fosters protectionism and relies on economically incoherent factors to assess the merit of proposed transactions. It is time to shed that archaic attitude and adopt a more reasoned perspective. Rather than requiring each proposed transaction to provide proof for the specific benefit to Canada, the ICA should assume that foreign acquisitions benefit Canada unless there is proof to the contrary. A more welcoming, balanced and rational perspective would be that foreign acquisitions actually improve the productivity of Canadian companies and contribute to the wellbeing of Canada’s economy. The ICA is flawed in other ways, too. Some reviews of proposed transactions have become unnecessarily fraught with politics. Think of the recent politically enmeshed fretting over the bid that the state-owned Chinese Offshore National Company made for Nexen Energy, or Malaysia’s state-owned Petronas’ bid for Progress Energy Resources Corp. Indeed, there has been a very real fear of traditionally Canadian-owned institutions losing their Canadian essence to foreign ownership. Then, too, there is the federal government’s built-in ability to impose onerous conditions, or undertakings, on foreign acquirers. All this is clearly a deterrent to potentially beneficial foreign investment in Canada. Canada needs a new regime without nationalism, protectionism and politics. Ideally, this new

Systematic review

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Momsen, Anne-Mette Hedeager; Hald, Kathrine; Nielsen, Claus Vinther

2017-01-01

REVIEW OBJECTIVE/QUESTION: The objective of this review is to identify the effectiveness of expanded cardiac rehabilitation (CR) in patients diagnosed with coronary heart disease (CHD). Specifically, the review question is: What is the effectiveness of expanded CR compared to standard CR in adult...

Making literature reviews more reliable through application of lessons from systematic reviews.

Science.gov (United States)

Haddaway, N R; Woodcock, P; Macura, B; Collins, A

2015-12-01

Review articles can provide valuable summaries of the ever-increasing volume of primary research in conservation biology. Where findings may influence important resource-allocation decisions in policy or practice, there is a need for a high degree of reliability when reviewing evidence. However, traditional literature reviews are susceptible to a number of biases during the identification, selection, and synthesis of included studies (e.g., publication bias, selection bias, and vote counting). Systematic reviews, pioneered in medicine and translated into conservation in 2006, address these issues through a strict methodology that aims to maximize transparency, objectivity, and repeatability. Systematic reviews will always be the gold standard for reliable synthesis of evidence. However, traditional literature reviews remain popular and will continue to be valuable where systematic reviews are not feasible. Where traditional reviews are used, lessons can be taken from systematic reviews and applied to traditional reviews in order to increase their reliability. Certain key aspects of systematic review methods that can be used in a context-specific manner in traditional reviews include focusing on mitigating bias; increasing transparency, consistency, and objectivity, and critically appraising the evidence and avoiding vote counting. In situations where conducting a full systematic review is not feasible, the proposed approach to reviewing evidence in a more systematic way can substantially improve the reliability of review findings, providing a time- and resource-efficient means of maximizing the value of traditional reviews. These methods are aimed particularly at those conducting literature reviews where systematic review is not feasible, for example, for graduate students, single reviewers, or small organizations. © 2015 Society for Conservation Biology.

78 FR 47016 - Submission for Review: Request for External Review

Science.gov (United States)

2013-08-02

... OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT Submission for Review: Request for External Review AGENCY: U.S... External Review. As required by the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, (Pub. L. 104-13, 44 U.S.C. chapter 35... the Multi-State Plan Program (MSPP) on March 11, 2013, 78 FR 15560, which outlined an external review...

Dissemination bias in systematic reviews of animal research: a systematic review.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Katharina F Mueller

Full Text Available Systematic reviews of preclinical studies, in vivo animal experiments in particular, can influence clinical research and thus even clinical care. Dissemination bias, selective dissemination of positive or significant results, is one of the major threats to validity in systematic reviews also in the realm of animal studies. We conducted a systematic review to determine the number of published systematic reviews of animal studies until present, to investigate their methodological features especially with respect to assessment of dissemination bias, and to investigate the citation of preclinical systematic reviews on clinical research.Eligible studies for this systematic review constitute systematic reviews that summarize in vivo animal experiments whose results could be interpreted as applicable to clinical care. We systematically searched Ovid Medline, Embase, ToxNet, and ScienceDirect from 1st January 2009 to 9th January 2013 for eligible systematic reviews without language restrictions. Furthermore we included articles from two previous systematic reviews by Peters et al. and Korevaar et al.The literature search and screening process resulted in 512 included full text articles. We found an increasing number of published preclinical systematic reviews over time. The methodological quality of preclinical systematic reviews was low. The majority of preclinical systematic reviews did not assess methodological quality of the included studies (71%, nor did they assess heterogeneity (81% or dissemination bias (87%. Statistics quantifying the importance of clinical research citing systematic reviews of animal studies showed that clinical studies referred to the preclinical research mainly to justify their study or a future study (76%.Preclinical systematic reviews may have an influence on clinical research but their methodological quality frequently remains low. Therefore, systematic reviews of animal research should be critically appraised before

Integration of existing systematic reviews into new reviews: identification of guidance needs

Science.gov (United States)

2014-01-01

Background An exponential increase in the number of systematic reviews published, and constrained resources for new reviews, means that there is an urgent need for guidance on explicitly and transparently integrating existing reviews into new systematic reviews. The objectives of this paper are: 1) to identify areas where existing guidance may be adopted or adapted, and 2) to suggest areas for future guidance development. Methods We searched documents and websites from healthcare focused systematic review organizations to identify and, where available, to summarize relevant guidance on the use of existing systematic reviews. We conducted informational interviews with members of Evidence-based Practice Centers (EPCs) to gather experiences in integrating existing systematic reviews, including common issues and challenges, as well as potential solutions. Results There was consensus among systematic review organizations and the EPCs about some aspects of incorporating existing systematic reviews into new reviews. Current guidance may be used in assessing the relevance of prior reviews and in scanning references of prior reviews to identify studies for a new review. However, areas of challenge remain. Areas in need of guidance include how to synthesize, grade the strength of, and present bodies of evidence composed of primary studies and existing systematic reviews. For instance, empiric evidence is needed regarding how to quality check data abstraction and when and how to use study-level risk of bias assessments from prior reviews. Conclusions There remain areas of uncertainty for how to integrate existing systematic reviews into new reviews. Methods research and consensus processes among systematic review organizations are needed to develop guidance to address these challenges. PMID:24956937

Addressing responsibility of owners and managers in cartel agreements: A competition law perspective

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pavlic Ljiljana

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Horizontal agreements between competitors with t h e object/effect of reducing competition between them through market partitioning, bid rigging, production/distribution quantities limitation and price fixing are considered to be the infringements of competition law. Cartel is an agreement under which competitors agree not to compete with each other and presents the most serious form of anticompetitive behaviour. Such arrangements allow companies to exert market power they would not otherwise have by artificially restricting competition with deleterious effect on welfare. Competition authorities around the world continue to declare cartel detection and conviction in competition enforcement as their highest priority. Taking part in cartel can have severe consequences for managers as well for the undertaking. In some jurisdictions employees involved in the infringement of competition law are criminally prosecuted facing financial fines and possible imprisonment. The reason behind it is an acknowledgment by competition authorities that the mere threat of sanctions against managers and personal liability could be a more effective deterrent than the possibility of only undertaking-focused sanctions. The amount of fines imposed for antitrust infringements, and for hard core cartel violations in particular, has notably augmented over the last years. This paper will argue why managers are employed in harmful activities risking imposition of severe fines and adverse reputational impact for themselves and the owners of the undertakings they work for and what are the tools within undertaking that can reduce the risk of being involved in unlawful antitrust practices and minimize the negative impact if anticompetitive behaviour has occurred.

Book Reviews

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Book Review Editor, Barbara Hogenboom

2014-10-01

Full Text Available The Economic History of the Caribbean since the Napoleonic Wars, by Victor Bulmer-Thomas (2012; reviewed by Gert OostindieSubjects or Citizens: British Caribbean Workers in Cuba, 1900-1960, by Robert Whitney and Graciela Chailloux Laffita (2013; reviewed by Rose Mary AllenDebating Civil-Military Relations in Latin America, editado por David Mares y Rafael Martínez (2014; reseñado por Raul Benitez-ManautComparative Public Policy in Latin America, editado por Jordi Díez y Susan Franceschet (2012; reseñado por Gonzalo DelamazaEntre el desarrollo y el buen vivir. Recursos naturales y conflictos en los territorios indígenas, editado por José Aylwin, Salvador Martí i Puig, Claire Wright y Nancy Yañez (2013; reviewed by Almut Schilling-VacaflorDignity for the Voiceless. Willem Assies’s Anthropological Work in Context, editado por Ton Salman, Salvador Martí i Puig, y Gemma van der Haar (2014; reseñado por Ricardo Calla OrtegaDemocracy in ‘Two Mexicos’; Political Institutions in Oaxaca and Nuevo León, by Guadelupe Correa-Cabrera (2013; reviewed by Jos BartmanWhere the River Ends, by Shaylih Muehlmann (2013; reviewed by Maria L. Cruz-TorresKnowing History in Mexico. An ethnography of Citizenship, by Trevor Stack (2012; reviewed by Raymond BuveFor God and Revolution. Priest, Peasant, and Agrarian Socialism in the Mexican Huasteca, por Mark Saad Saka( 2013; reseñado por Antonio Escobar OhmstedeWorking Women, Entrepreneurs, and the Mexican Revolution: the Coffee Culture of Córdoba, Veracruz, by Heather Fowler-Salamini (2013; reviewed by Robert F. AlegreWar by Other Means. Aftermath in Post-Genocide Guatemala, edited by Carlota McAlister and Diana Nelson (2013; reviewed by Dirk KruijtLucha revolucionaria. Perú, 1958-1967, por Jan Lust (2013; reseñado por Dirk KruijtWomen in War. The Micro-Processes of Mobilization in El Salvador, by Jocelyn Viterna (2013; reviewed by Ralph SprenkelsZero Hunger: Political Culture and Antipoverty Policy in

Comments on ``Anonymous Reviews'' An Editor's View of Anonymous Reviews

Science.gov (United States)

Goff, John A.

I have read with great interest the recent Forum commentaries in Eos by Myrl Beck, Charles Robinove, Robert Criss, and Anne Hofmeister regarding anonymous reviews. I heartily support their position that anonymous reviews should be avoided. I have not written an anonymous review in ages (and regret the few that I did), and have always appreciated and respected greatly anyone who signs a critical review of one of my own papers. However, I would like to add some perspective from the editorial standpoint. I have served as JGR associate editor for 3 years (never anonymously!), and as Eos editor for seismology and tectonophysics for 4. Over the years, I have rejected a fair number of papers, most of those based on anonymous reviews (fortunately, none of the above commentators was one of them). The vast majority of anonymous reviews I received were well considered. While I would wish that all reviews were signed, I don't think we can summarily dismiss the fear that many would have of enmity and reprisal over a critical review. Some of these fears are likely justified. On more than one occasion, have I witnessed overly aggressive responses on the part of authors to anonymous reviews that I considered to be entirely fair and constructive in their criticisms. I do think we need to do all we can to discourage anonymous reviews, but it will be difficult to completely remove that choice from the process.

Proactive Reviews

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kolbæk, Ditte

2014-01-01

with solving a task. They found improved ways of doing the job and identified management challenges. They shared their experience with colleagues who did not attend the Proactive Review and addressed the management challenges to the senior management. Proactive Reviews were reported 50-100 times a year....... Valid feedback from various stakeholders improved the original design of After Action Reviews into Proactive Reviews, which is helpful for local as well as global companies to learn from experience. The educational design started with personal experience that was shared with colleagues who cooperated...

Methodology in conducting a systematic review of systematic reviews of healthcare interventions

LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

Smith, Valerie

2011-02-03

Abstract Background Hundreds of studies of maternity care interventions have been published, too many for most people involved in providing maternity care to identify and consider when making decisions. It became apparent that systematic reviews of individual studies were required to appraise, summarise and bring together existing studies in a single place. However, decision makers are increasingly faced by a plethora of such reviews and these are likely to be of variable quality and scope, with more than one review of important topics. Systematic reviews (or overviews) of reviews are a logical and appropriate next step, allowing the findings of separate reviews to be compared and contrasted, providing clinical decision makers with the evidence they need. Methods The methods used to identify and appraise published and unpublished reviews systematically, drawing on our experiences and good practice in the conduct and reporting of systematic reviews are described. The process of identifying and appraising all published reviews allows researchers to describe the quality of this evidence base, summarise and compare the review\\'s conclusions and discuss the strength of these conclusions. Results Methodological challenges and possible solutions are described within the context of (i) sources, (ii) study selection, (iii) quality assessment (i.e. the extent of searching undertaken for the reviews, description of study selection and inclusion criteria, comparability of included studies, assessment of publication bias and assessment of heterogeneity), (iv) presentation of results, and (v) implications for practice and research. Conclusion Conducting a systematic review of reviews highlights the usefulness of bringing together a summary of reviews in one place, where there is more than one review on an important topic. The methods described here should help clinicians to review and appraise published reviews systematically, and aid evidence-based clinical decision-making.

Book Reviews

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Christien Klaufus, Book Review Editor

2016-04-01

Full Text Available The Improbable Conquest: Sixteenth Century Letters from the Rio de la Plata, por Pablo García Loaeza y Victoria L. Garrett, 2015; reseñado por Judith Farberman Urban Space as Heritage in Late Colonial Cuba: Classicism and Dissonance on the Plaza de Armas of Havana: 1754-1828, by Paul Niell, 2015; reviewed by Joseph L. Scarpaci El Jefe Político. Un dominio negociando en el mundo rural del Estado de México. 1856-1911, por Romana Falcón, 2015; reseñado por Raymond Buve Miedo negro, poder blanco en la Cuba colonial, por Jorge Camacho, 2015; reseñado por Oleski Miranda Navarro Revolutionary Parks: Conservation, Social Justice, and Mexico’s National Parks, 1910-1940, by Emily Wakild, 2011; reviewed by Grant Burrier Sandino’s Nation: Ernesto Cardenal and Sergio Ramírez Writing Nicaragua, 1940-2012, by Stephen Henighan, 2014; reviewed by Grace A. Gomashie La cancha peronista. Fútbol y política (1946-1955, edited by Raanan Rein, 2015; reviewed by Alexis Sossa Rojas Chile y la Guerra Fría global, edited by Tanya Harmer and Alfredo Riquelme Segovia, 2014; reviewed by Ángela Vergara Challenging Social Inequality: The Landless Rural Workers Movement and Agrarian Reform in Brazil, edited by M. Carter, 2015; reviewed by Rebecca Tarlau Brazil: Reversal of Fortune, by Alfred P. Montero, 2014; reviewed by Edgar J. Marcolin Latin American Documentary Filmmaking – Major works, by David William Foster, 2013; reviewed by Leontien Cremers Telling and Being told: Storytelling and Cultural Control in Contemporary Yucatec Maya Literatures, por Paul Worley, 2013; reseñado por Ana Ugarte Bachata and Dominican Identity/La bachata y la identidad dominicana, by Julie Sellers, 2014; reviewed by Grant D. Moss Entrepreneurial Selves: Neoliberal Respectability and the Making of a Caribbean Middle Class, by Carla Freeman, 2014; reviewed by Emiel Martens

Mergers, acquisitions, divestitures, and applications for market-based rates in a deregulating electric utility industry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cox, A.J.

1999-01-01

In this article, the author reviews FERC's current procedures for undertaking competitive analysis. The current procedure for evaluating the competitive impact of transactions in the electric utility industry is described in Order 592, in particular Appendix A. These procedures effectively revised criteria that had been laid out in Commonwealth Edison and brought its merger policy in line with the EPAct and the provisions of Order 888. Order 592 was an attempt to provide more certainty and expedition in handling mergers. It established three criteria that had to be satisfied for a merger to be approved: Post-merger market power must be within acceptable thresholds or be satisfactorily mitigated, acceptable customer protections must be in place (to ensure that rates will not go up as a result of increased costs) and any adverse effect on regulation must be addressed. FERC states that its Order 592 Merger Policy Statement is based upon the Horizontal Merger Guidelines issued jointly by the Federal Trade Commission and the Antitrust Division Department of Justice (FTC/DOJ Merger Guidelines). While it borrows much of the language and basic concepts of the Merger Guidelines, FERC's procedures have been criticized as not following the methodology closely enough, leaving open the possibility of mistakes in market definition

Marketplace pricing

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1991-01-01

As discussed in this chapter, interest in marketplace pricing has been increasing in recent years, reflecting the societal trend toward substituting competition for regulation where appropriate. Competition is valuable because it encourages utilities to make efficient decisions with a minimum of regulatory intervention. It enhances efficiency through the incentive for innovation by the regulated companies and by increasing the likelihood they will come forward with proposals for better services, lower prices or both. Ultimately, consumers are beneficiaries. Marketplace pricing is emblematic of the view that the degree of regulation should reflect the degree of market power, that workably competitive markets should be allowed to operate with as little regulatory interference as possible. The Edison Electric Institute has made perhaps the most detailed proposal on marketplace pricing. It and others perceive numerous benefits from this method of pricing transmission services. Given the undeniable market power resulting from line ownership, FERC has emphasized the need to find a workably competitive market before approving such proposals. The ability to make this distinction without a full-blown antitrust review for every transaction is questionable, and FERC has yet to provide generic guidance. Finally, FERC's legal ability to depart from cost-based standards is questionable

Mergers, acquisitions, divestitures, and applications for market-based rates in a deregulating electric utility industry

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cox, A.J.

1999-05-01

In this article, the author reviews FERC's current procedures for undertaking competitive analysis. The current procedure for evaluating the competitive impact of transactions in the electric utility industry is described in Order 592, in particular Appendix A. These procedures effectively revised criteria that had been laid out in Commonwealth Edison and brought its merger policy in line with the EPAct and the provisions of Order 888. Order 592 was an attempt to provide more certainty and expedition in handling mergers. It established three criteria that had to be satisfied for a merger to be approved: Post-merger market power must be within acceptable thresholds or be satisfactorily mitigated, acceptable customer protections must be in place (to ensure that rates will not go up as a result of increased costs) and any adverse effect on regulation must be addressed. FERC states that its Order 592 Merger Policy Statement is based upon the Horizontal Merger Guidelines issued jointly by the Federal Trade Commission and the Antitrust Division Department of Justice (FTC/DOJ Merger Guidelines). While it borrows much of the language and basic concepts of the Merger Guidelines, FERC's procedures have been criticized as not following the methodology closely enough, leaving open the possibility of mistakes in market definition.

When reviews attack: ethics, free speech, and the peer review process.

Science.gov (United States)

Hadjistavropoulos, T; Bieling, P J

2000-08-01

The peer review process, whether formally applied in publication and grant review, or informally, such as exchange of ideas in scientific and professional newsgroups, has sparked controversy. Writers in this area agree that scholarly reviews that are inappropriate in tone are not uncommon. Indeed, commentators have suggested rules and guidelines that can be used to improve the review process and to make reviewers more accountable. In this paper, we examine the relevance and impact of ethical codes on the conduct of peer review. It is our contention that the peer review process can be improved, not by a new set of rules but through closer attention to the ethical principles to which we, as psychologists, already subscribe.

2008 annual merit review

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

None, None

2009-01-18

The 2008 DOE Vehicle Technologies Program Annual Merit Review was held February 25-28, 2008 in Bethesda, Maryland. The review encompassed all of the work done by the Vehicle Technologies Program: a total of 280 individual activities were reviewed, by a total of just over 100 reviewers. A total of 1,908 individual review responses were received for the technical reviews, and an additional 29 individual review responses were received for the plenary session review.

Simulation Modelling in Healthcare: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Literature Reviews.

Science.gov (United States)

Salleh, Syed; Thokala, Praveen; Brennan, Alan; Hughes, Ruby; Booth, Andrew

2017-09-01

Numerous studies examine simulation modelling in healthcare. These studies present a bewildering array of simulation techniques and applications, making it challenging to characterise the literature. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the level of activity of simulation modelling in healthcare and the key themes. We performed an umbrella review of systematic literature reviews of simulation modelling in healthcare. Searches were conducted of academic databases (JSTOR, Scopus, PubMed, IEEE, SAGE, ACM, Wiley Online Library, ScienceDirect) and grey literature sources, enhanced by citation searches. The articles were included if they performed a systematic review of simulation modelling techniques in healthcare. After quality assessment of all included articles, data were extracted on numbers of studies included in each review, types of applications, techniques used for simulation modelling, data sources and simulation software. The search strategy yielded a total of 117 potential articles. Following sifting, 37 heterogeneous reviews were included. Most reviews achieved moderate quality rating on a modified AMSTAR (A Measurement Tool used to Assess systematic Reviews) checklist. All the review articles described the types of applications used for simulation modelling; 15 reviews described techniques used for simulation modelling; three reviews described data sources used for simulation modelling; and six reviews described software used for simulation modelling. The remaining reviews either did not report or did not provide enough detail for the data to be extracted. Simulation modelling techniques have been used for a wide range of applications in healthcare, with a variety of software tools and data sources. The number of reviews published in recent years suggest an increased interest in simulation modelling in healthcare.

Roles for librarians in systematic reviews: a scoping review

Science.gov (United States)

Spencer, Angela J.; Eldredge, Jonathan D.

2018-01-01

Objective What roles do librarians and information professionals play in conducting systematic reviews? Librarians are increasingly called upon to be involved in systematic reviews, but no study has considered all the roles librarians can perform. This inventory of existing and emerging roles aids in defining librarians’ systematic reviews services. Methods For this scoping review, the authors conducted controlled vocabulary and text-word searches in the PubMed; Library, Information Science & Technology Abstracts; and CINAHL databases. We separately searched for articles published in the Journal of the European Association for Health Information and Libraries, Evidence Based Library and Information Practice, the Journal of the Canadian Heath Libraries Association, and Hypothesis. We also text-word searched Medical Library Association annual meeting poster and paper abstracts. Results We identified 18 different roles filled by librarians and other information professionals in conducting systematic reviews from 310 different articles, book chapters, and presented papers and posters. Some roles were well known such as searching, source selection, and teaching. Other less documented roles included planning, question formulation, and peer review. We summarize these different roles and provide an accompanying bibliography of references for in-depth descriptions of these roles. Conclusion Librarians play central roles in systematic review teams, including roles that go beyond searching. This scoping review should encourage librarians who are fulfilling roles that are not captured here to document their roles in journal articles and poster and paper presentations. PMID:29339933

Tradition and change in power industry legislation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Baur, J.F.; Boerner, B.; Friauf, K.H.; Salzwedel, J.; Selmer, P.

1986-01-01

On September 24-25, 1985 the 15th conference of the Institute for Energy Law took place in Cologne. This book contains five of the lectures held at the conference. They deal with the following subjects: Constitutional restrictions of autonomous energy policy of the Land governments; compulsory connection to and use of district heating; is there any necessity for amending the anti-trust law for reasons of energy policy; environmental law - planning law - gaps in the legislation concerning the energy sector; Energy Industry Law - are there legislative deficiencies, or is it an adequate, correct legislative instrument. (HSCH) [de

The dynamics and limits of corporate growth in health care.

Science.gov (United States)

Robinson, J C

1996-01-01

This paper analyzes the economic dynamics of five forms of organizational growth in health care: horizontal integration within a single geographic market; horizontal integration across different geographic markets; diversification among multiple products and types of service; diversification among multiple distribution channels; and vertical integration with suppliers. These principles are illustrated through brief case studies of three firms that have grown by way of internal expansion, mergers, acquisitions, and diversification: WellPoint Health Networks, UniHealth America, and Mullikin Medical Enterprises. The paper analyzes the potential limits of organizational growth in health care and explores the implications of integration and diversification for antitrust policy.

The American nuclear power industry. A handbook

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pearman, W.A.; Starr, P.

1984-01-01

This book presents an overview of the history and current organization of the American nuclear power industry. Part I focuses on development of the industry, including the number, capacity, and type of plants in commercial operation as well as those under construction. Part II examines the safety, environmental, antitrust, and licensing issues involved in the use of nuclear power. Part III presents case studies of selected plants, such as Three Mile Island and Seabrook, to illustrate some of the issues discussed. The book also contains a listing of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission libraries and a subject index

The Interface Between EU Competition Law and Standard Essential Patents

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lundqvist, Björn

2015-01-01

In this paper the recent ECJ judgment in Huawei is discussed in light of the earlier case law from the EU and the US. The Huawei case has been long awaited and many in academia hoped that it would finally deliver answers to if, when and on what terms access to so-called Standard Essential Patents...... would be granted under EU antitrust law. However, the question is whether Huawei is that case. On the contrary, it seems that the ECJ ruling gives room for speculation even in reference to core issues, some of which are dealt with in this paper....

Market efficiency, competition, and communication in electric power markets. Experimental results

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chapman, D.; Mount, T.D.; Vossler, C.A.; Barboni, V.; Thomas, R.J.; Zimmerman, R.D.

2004-01-01

Economic theory gives no clear indication of the minimum number of producers necessary for a market to define competitive price-quantity equilibria, which approximate price equal to marginal cost. Previous work and Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) guidelines generally suggest that 6-10 suppliers may be workably competitive. Our experiments with PowerWeb suggest that a higher number of suppliers may be necessary to approximate competitive market solutions, this in the absence of any communication among producers. As communications rules are altered to parallel differing types of antitrust enforcement, market results with 24 participants approach pure monopoly values

Natural gas marketing and transportation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1991-01-01

This book covers: Overview of the natural gas industry; Federal regulation of marketing and transportation; State regulation of transportation; Fundamentals of gas marketing contracts; Gas marketing options and strategies; End user agreements; Transportation on interstate pipelines; Administration of natural gas contracts; Structuring transactions with the nonconventional source fuels credit; Take-or-pay wars- a cautionary analysis for the future; Antitrust pitfalls in the natural gas industry; Producer imbalances; Natural gas futures for the complete novice; State non-utility regulation of production, transportation and marketing; Natural gas processing agreements and Disproportionate sales, gas balancing, and accounting to royalty owners

Private financing and operation of a space station: Investment requirements, risk, government support and other primary business management considerations

Science.gov (United States)

Simon, M.

1982-01-01

Private investment in a manned space station is considered as an alternative to complete government sponsorship of such a program. The implications of manned space operations are discussed from a business perspective. The most significant problems and risks which would be faced by a private company involved in a space station enterprise are outlined and possible government roles in helping to overcome these difficulties suggested. Economic factors such as inflation and the rate of interest are of primary concern, but less obvious conditions such as antitrust and appropriate regulatory laws, government appropriations for space activities, and national security are also considered.

Solar energy legal bibliography. Final report. [160 references

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Seeley, D.; Euser, B.; Joyce, C.; Morgan, G. H.; Laitos, J. G.; Adams, A.

1979-03-01

The Solar Energy Legal Bibliography is a compilation of approximately 160 solar publications abstracted for their legal and policy content (through October 1978). Emphasis is on legal barriers and incentives to solar energy development. Abstracts are arranged under the following categories: Antitrust, Biomass, Building Codes, Consumer Protection, Environmental Aspects, Federal Legislation and Programs, Financing/Insurance, International Law, Labor, Land Use (Covenants, Easements, Nuisance, Zoning), Local Legislation and Programs, Ocean Energy, Patents and Licenses, Photovoltaics, Solar Access Rights, Solar Heating and Cooling, Solar Thermal Power Systems, Standards, State Legislation and Programs, Tax Law, Tort Liability, Utilities, Warranties, Wind Resources, and General Solar Law.

Systematic review of reviews of risk factors for intracranial aneurysms

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Clarke, Mike

2008-01-01

Systematic reviews of systematic reviews identify good quality reviews of earlier studies of medical conditions. This article describes a systematic review of systematic reviews performed to investigate factors that might influence the risk of rupture of an intracranial aneurysm. It exemplifies the technique of this type of research and reports the finding of a specific study. The annual incidence of subarachnoid haemorrhage resulting from the rupture of intracranial aneurysms is estimated to be nine per 100,000. A large proportion of people who have this bleed, will die or remain dependent on the care of others for some time. Reliable knowledge about the risks of subarachnoid haemorrhage in different populations will help in planning, screening and prevention strategies and in predicting the prognosis of individual patients. If the necessary data were available in the identified reviews, an estimate for the numerical relationship between a particular characteristic and the risk of subarachnoid haemorrhage was included in this report. The identification of eligible systematic reviews relied mainly on the two major bibliographic databases of the biomedical literature: PubMed and EMBASE. These were searched in 2006, using specially designed search strategies. Approximately 2,000 records were retrieved and each of these was checked carefully against the eligibility criteria for this systematic review. These criteria required that the report be a systematic review of studies assessing the risk of subarachnoid haemorrhage in patients known to have an unruptured intracranial aneurysm or of studies that had investigated the characteristics of people who experienced a subarachnoid haemorrhage without previously being known to have an unruptured aneurysm. Reports which included more than one systematic review were eligible and each of these reviews was potentially eligible. The quality of each systematic review was assessed. In this review, 16 separate reports were

Twelve recommendations for integrating existing systematic reviews into new reviews: EPC guidance.

Science.gov (United States)

Robinson, Karen A; Chou, Roger; Berkman, Nancy D; Newberry, Sydne J; Fu, Rongwei; Hartling, Lisa; Dryden, Donna; Butler, Mary; Foisy, Michelle; Anderson, Johanna; Motu'apuaka, Makalapua; Relevo, Rose; Guise, Jeanne-Marie; Chang, Stephanie

2016-02-01

As time and cost constraints in the conduct of systematic reviews increase, the need to consider the use of existing systematic reviews also increases. We developed guidance on the integration of systematic reviews into new reviews. A workgroup of methodologists from Evidence-based Practice Centers developed consensus-based recommendations. Discussions were informed by a literature scan and by interviews with organizations that conduct systematic reviews. Twelve recommendations were developed addressing selecting reviews, assessing risk of bias, qualitative and quantitative synthesis, and summarizing and assessing body of evidence. We provide preliminary guidance for an efficient and unbiased approach to integrating existing systematic reviews with primary studies in a new review. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

33 CFR 385.22 - Independent scientific review and external peer review.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... external peer review. 385.22 Section 385.22 Navigation and Navigable Waters CORPS OF ENGINEERS, DEPARTMENT... RESTORATION PLAN CERP Implementation Processes § 385.22 Independent scientific review and external peer review... members, shall not attempt to influence the panel's review or assign this panel any other tasks, nor...

State technical review of the HLNW program and the peer review process

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jacob, G.R.

1986-01-01

Millions of dollars are being spent on state governments' review of the Department of Energy (DOE) high level waste (HLW) repository program. A significant portion of the review efforts focus on technical issues surrounding the development and installment of HLW disposal technologies. Some view the states' technical review efforts as part of a peer review process. However, this interpretation reveals a misunderstanding of the concept of peer review and the purposes of state technical review

Quality of systematic reviews in pediatric oncology - A systematic review

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Lundh, Andreas; Knijnenburg, Sebastiaan L.; Jørgensen, Anders W.; van Dalen, Elvira C.; Kremer, Leontien C. M.

2009-01-01

Background: To ensure evidence-based decision making in pediatric oncology systematic reviews are necessary. The objective of our study was to evaluate the methodological quality of all currently existing systematic reviews in pediatric oncology. Methods: We identified eligible systematic reviews

Environmental Review Records

Data.gov (United States)

Department of Housing and Urban Development — HUD’s Environmental Review Records page houses environmental reviews made publicly available through the HUD Environmental Review Online System (HEROS). This...

City-based action to reduce harmful alcohol use: review of reviews.

Science.gov (United States)

Anderson, Peter; Jané-Llopis, Eva; Hasan, Omer Syed Muhammad; Rehm, Jürgen

2018-01-01

Background: The World Health Organization global strategy on alcohol called for municipal policies to reduce the harmful use of alcohol. Yet, there is limited evidence that documents the impact of city-level alcohol policies. Methods: Review of reviews for all years to July 2017. Searches on OVID Medline, Healthstar, Embase, PsycINFO, AMED, Social Work Abstracts, CAB Abstracts, Mental Measurements Yearbook, Health and Psychosocial Instruments, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, International Political Science Abstracts, NASW Clinical Register, and Epub Ahead of Print databases. All reviews that address adults, without language or date restrictions resulting from combining the terms ("review" or "literature review" or "review literature" or "data pooling" or "comparative study" or "systematic review" or "meta-analysis" or "pooled analysis"), and "alcohol", and "intervention" and ("municipal" or "city" or "community"). Results: Five relevant reviews were identified. Studies in the reviews were all from high income countries and focussed on the acute consequences of drinking, usually with one target intervention, commonly bars, media, or drink-driving. No studies in the reviews reported the impact of comprehensive city-based action. One community cluster randomized controlled trial in Australia, published after the reviews, failed to find convincing evidence of an impact of community-based interventions in reducing adult harmful use of alcohol.     Conclusions: To date, with one exception, the impact of adult-oriented comprehensive community and municipal action to reduce the harmful use of alcohol has not been studied. The one exception failed to find a convincing effect. We conclude with recommendations for closing this evidence gap.

Reporting and methodologic quality of Cochrane Neonatal review group systematic reviews

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Al Faleh Khalid

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background The Cochrane Neonatal Review Group (CNRG has achieved a lot with limited resources in producing high quality systematic reviews to assist clinicians in evidence-based decision-making. A formal assessment of published CNRG systematic reviews has not been undertaken; we sought to provide a comprehensive assessment of the quality of systematic reviews (both methodologic and reporting quality published in CNRG. Methods We selected a random sample of published CNRG systematic reviews. Items of the QUOROM statement were utilized to assess quality of reporting, while items and total scores of the Oxman-Guyatt Overview Quality Assessment Questionnaire (OQAQ were used to assess methodologic quality. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed quality. A Student t-test was used to compare quality scores pre- and post-publication of the QUOROM statement. Results Sixty-one systematic reviews were assessed. Overall, the included reviews had good quality with minor flaws based on OQAQ total scores (mean, 4.5 [0.9]; 95% CI, 4.27–4.77. However, room for improvement was noted in some areas, such as the title, abstract reporting, a priori plan for heterogeneity assessment and how to handle heterogeneity in case it exists, and assessment of publication bias. In addition, reporting of agreement among reviewers, documentation of trials flow, and discussion of possible biases were addressed in the review process. Reviews published post the QUOROM statement had a significantly higher quality scores. Conclusion The systematic reviews published in the CNRG are generally of good quality with minor flaws. However, efforts should be made to improve the quality of reports. Readers must continue to assess the quality of published reports on an individual basis prior to implementing the recommendations.

SWIFT-Review: a text-mining workbench for systematic review.

Science.gov (United States)

Howard, Brian E; Phillips, Jason; Miller, Kyle; Tandon, Arpit; Mav, Deepak; Shah, Mihir R; Holmgren, Stephanie; Pelch, Katherine E; Walker, Vickie; Rooney, Andrew A; Macleod, Malcolm; Shah, Ruchir R; Thayer, Kristina

2016-05-23

There is growing interest in using machine learning approaches to priority rank studies and reduce human burden in screening literature when conducting systematic reviews. In addition, identifying addressable questions during the problem formulation phase of systematic review can be challenging, especially for topics having a large literature base. Here, we assess the performance of the SWIFT-Review priority ranking algorithm for identifying studies relevant to a given research question. We also explore the use of SWIFT-Review during problem formulation to identify, categorize, and visualize research areas that are data rich/data poor within a large literature corpus. Twenty case studies, including 15 public data sets, representing a range of complexity and size, were used to assess the priority ranking performance of SWIFT-Review. For each study, seed sets of manually annotated included and excluded titles and abstracts were used for machine training. The remaining references were then ranked for relevance using an algorithm that considers term frequency and latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) topic modeling. This ranking was evaluated with respect to (1) the number of studies screened in order to identify 95 % of known relevant studies and (2) the "Work Saved over Sampling" (WSS) performance metric. To assess SWIFT-Review for use in problem formulation, PubMed literature search results for 171 chemicals implicated as EDCs were uploaded into SWIFT-Review (264,588 studies) and categorized based on evidence stream and health outcome. Patterns of search results were surveyed and visualized using a variety of interactive graphics. Compared with the reported performance of other tools using the same datasets, the SWIFT-Review ranking procedure obtained the highest scores on 11 out of 15 of the public datasets. Overall, these results suggest that using machine learning to triage documents for screening has the potential to save, on average, more than 50 % of the screening

Does Indigenous health research have impact? A systematic review of reviews.

Science.gov (United States)

Kinchin, Irina; Mccalman, Janya; Bainbridge, Roxanne; Tsey, Komla; Lui, Felecia Watkin

2017-03-21

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians (hereafter respectfully Indigenous Australians) claim that they have been over-researched without corresponding research benefit. This claim raises two questions. The first, which has been covered to some extent in the literature, is about what type(s) of research are likely to achieve benefits for Indigenous people. The second is how researchers report the impact of their research for Indigenous people. This systematic review of Indigenous health reviews addresses the second enquiry. Fourteen electronic databases were systematically searched for Indigenous health reviews which met eligibility criteria. Two reviewers assessed their characteristics and methodological rigour using an a priori protocol. Three research hypotheses were stated and tested: (1) reviews address Indigenous health priority needs; (2) reviews adopt best practice guidelines on research conduct and reporting in respect to methodological transparency and rigour, as well as acceptability and appropriateness of research implementation to Indigenous people; and (3) reviews explicitly report the incremental impacts of the included studies and translation of research. We argue that if review authors explicitly address each of these three hypotheses, then the impact of research for Indigenous peoples' health would be explicated. Seventy-six reviews were included; comprising 55 journal articles and 21 Australian Government commissioned evidence review reports. While reviews are gaining prominence and recognition in Indigenous health research and increasing in number, breadth and complexity, there is little reporting of the impact of health research for Indigenous people. This finding raises questions about the relevance of these reviews for Indigenous people, their impact on policy and practice and how reviews have been commissioned, reported and evaluated. The findings of our study serve two main purposes. First, we have identified knowledge and

Design review report, 241-S-102 cover plate review; TOPICAL

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

ADAMS, M.R.

1998-01-01

The design for the cover plate and lead plate for shielding on 241-S-102 was reviewed on 10/21/98. All Review Comment Record comments were resolved to the satisfaction of the reviewers. Additional comments were taken during the meeting and were also resolved. A design calculation for the Radiological Design Review Screening was presented as criteria for the use of 1 inch lead plate. The review concluded that the use of 2 inch steel plate and 1 inch lead plate provided the required safety function required by HNF-SD-WM-810-001, 5.3.2.20, Basis for Interim Operation. The design was approved with the incorporated comments as recorded on RCR's and meeting minutes

Summarizing systematic reviews: methodological development, conduct and reporting of an umbrella review approach.

Science.gov (United States)

Aromataris, Edoardo; Fernandez, Ritin; Godfrey, Christina M; Holly, Cheryl; Khalil, Hanan; Tungpunkom, Patraporn

2015-09-01

With the increase in the number of systematic reviews available, a logical next step to provide decision makers in healthcare with the evidence they require has been the conduct of reviews of existing systematic reviews. Syntheses of existing systematic reviews are referred to by many different names, one of which is an umbrella review. An umbrella review allows the findings of reviews relevant to a review question to be compared and contrasted. An umbrella review's most characteristic feature is that this type of evidence synthesis only considers for inclusion the highest level of evidence, namely other systematic reviews and meta-analyses. A methodology working group was formed by the Joanna Briggs Institute to develop methodological guidance for the conduct of an umbrella review, including diverse types of evidence, both quantitative and qualitative. The aim of this study is to describe the development and guidance for the conduct of an umbrella review. Discussion and testing of the elements of methods for the conduct of an umbrella review were held over a 6-month period by members of a methodology working group. The working group comprised six participants who corresponded via teleconference, e-mail and face-to-face meeting during this development period. In October 2013, the methodology was presented in a workshop at the Joanna Briggs Institute Convention. Workshop participants, review authors and methodologists provided further testing, critique and feedback on the proposed methodology. This study describes the methodology and methods developed for the conduct of an umbrella review that includes published systematic reviews and meta-analyses as the analytical unit of the review. Details are provided regarding the essential elements of an umbrella review, including presentation of the review question in a Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome format, nuances of the inclusion criteria and search strategy. A critical appraisal tool with 10 questions to

20 CFR 405.410 - Selecting claims for Decision Review Board review.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... will not review claims based on the identity of the administrative law judge who decided the claim. (b... Decision Review Board review. (a)(1) The Board may review your claim if the administrative law judge made a decision under §§ 405.340 or 405.370 of this part, regardless of whether the administrative law judge's...

Reviews

Science.gov (United States)

2002-11-01

CD-ROM REVIEW (551) Essential Physics BOOK REVIEWS (551) Collins Advanced Science: Physics, 2nd edition Quarks, Leptons and the Big Bang, 2nd edition Do Brilliantly: A2 Physics IGCSE Physics Geophysics in the UK Synoptic Skills in Advanced Physics Flash! The hunt for the biggest explosions in the universe Materials Maths for Advanced Physics

The Effectiveness of Parenting Programs: A Review of Campbell Reviews

Science.gov (United States)

Barlow, Jane; Coren, Esther

2018-01-01

Parenting practices predict important outcomes for children, and parenting programs are potentially effective means of supporting parents to promote optimal outcomes for children. This review summarizes findings of systematic reviews of parenting programs published in the Campbell Library. Six reviews evaluated the effectiveness of a range of…

Reviewing Reviews of Research in Educational Leadership: An Empirical Assessment

Science.gov (United States)

Hallinger, Philip

2014-01-01

Purpose: Reviews of research play a critical but underappreciated role in knowledge production and accumulation. Yet, until relatively recently, limited attention has been given to the "methodology" of conducting reviews of research. This observation also applies in educational leadership and management where reviews of research have…

Comparison of search strategies in systematic reviews of adverse effects to other systematic reviews.

Science.gov (United States)

Golder, Su; Loke, Yoon K; Zorzela, Liliane

2014-06-01

Research indicates that the methods used to identify data for systematic reviews of adverse effects may need to differ from other systematic reviews. To compare search methods in systematic reviews of adverse effects with other reviews. The search methodologies in 849 systematic reviews of adverse effects were compared with other reviews. Poor reporting of search strategies is apparent in both systematic reviews of adverse effects and other types of systematic reviews. Systematic reviews of adverse effects are less likely to restrict their searches to MEDLINE or include only randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The use of other databases is largely dependent on the topic area and the year the review was conducted, with more databases searched in more recent reviews. Adverse effects search terms are used by 72% of reviews and despite recommendations only two reviews report using floating subheadings. The poor reporting of search strategies in systematic reviews is universal, as is the dominance of searching MEDLINE. However, reviews of adverse effects are more likely to include a range of study designs (not just RCTs) and search beyond MEDLINE. © 2014 Crown Copyright.

Scientific computer simulation review

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kaizer, Joshua S.; Heller, A. Kevin; Oberkampf, William L.

2015-01-01

Before the results of a scientific computer simulation are used for any purpose, it should be determined if those results can be trusted. Answering that question of trust is the domain of scientific computer simulation review. There is limited literature that focuses on simulation review, and most is specific to the review of a particular type of simulation. This work is intended to provide a foundation for a common understanding of simulation review. This is accomplished through three contributions. First, scientific computer simulation review is formally defined. This definition identifies the scope of simulation review and provides the boundaries of the review process. Second, maturity assessment theory is developed. This development clarifies the concepts of maturity criteria, maturity assessment sets, and maturity assessment frameworks, which are essential for performing simulation review. Finally, simulation review is described as the application of a maturity assessment framework. This is illustrated through evaluating a simulation review performed by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. In making these contributions, this work provides a means for a more objective assessment of a simulation’s trustworthiness and takes the next step in establishing scientific computer simulation review as its own field. - Highlights: • We define scientific computer simulation review. • We develop maturity assessment theory. • We formally define a maturity assessment framework. • We describe simulation review as the application of a maturity framework. • We provide an example of a simulation review using a maturity framework

Tools for PSA reviews

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Linden, J. von

1998-01-01

It is desirable to have a uniform and competent procedure for the review of PSAs which are performed within the framework of the Periodic Safety Review of German Nuclear Power Plants. Guidelines for the review process should therefore be evaluated within task A. 1 of project SR 2096. The basis for this work is the experience and knowledge within GRS derived from PSA-related work and from several review projects as well as the German PSA Guide with its appendices. Furthermore, the review processes in the USA, Switzerland and Sweden and the Guidelines for the International Peer Review Service (IPERS Guidelines) were utilized. As a result, recommendations are given for the review process, with individual recommendations concerning the organization of the review, task allocation between the reviewers, interface problems, assessment criteria, the scope and depth of the review as well as the supporting documents. An additional result are checklists for the technical elements of the PSA, which are listed to facilicate the review work. It is not the intention of this report to work out complete review guidelines. Its aims is rather more to give recommondations and support for the review in addition to what can be derived from the existing documents that should be used for the review. The recommendations reflect the view of GRS and go beyond the statements given in the German PSA Guide (Leitfaden Probabilistische Sicherheitsanalyse /PSUe97/) in some points. (orig.) [de

Engineering Review Information System

Science.gov (United States)

Grems, III, Edward G. (Inventor); Henze, James E. (Inventor); Bixby, Jonathan A. (Inventor); Roberts, Mark (Inventor); Mann, Thomas (Inventor)

2015-01-01

A disciplinal engineering review computer information system and method by defining a database of disciplinal engineering review process entities for an enterprise engineering program, opening a computer supported engineering item based upon the defined disciplinal engineering review process entities, managing a review of the opened engineering item according to the defined disciplinal engineering review process entities, and closing the opened engineering item according to the opened engineering item review.

Antitrust v. Anti-Corruption Policy Approaches to Compliance: Why Such A Gap?

OpenAIRE

Florence Thepot

2015-01-01

Different liability regimes may explain why, in some jurisdictions, competition law and anti-corruption agencies have very contrasted approaches to compliance programs. Florence Thépot (University College London)

Diversifying customer review rankings.

Science.gov (United States)

Krestel, Ralf; Dokoohaki, Nima

2015-06-01

E-commerce Web sites owe much of their popularity to consumer reviews accompanying product descriptions. On-line customers spend hours and hours going through heaps of textual reviews to decide which products to buy. At the same time, each popular product has thousands of user-generated reviews, making it impossible for a buyer to read everything. Current approaches to display reviews to users or recommend an individual review for a product are based on the recency or helpfulness of each review. In this paper, we present a framework to rank product reviews by optimizing the coverage of the ranking with respect to sentiment or aspects, or by summarizing all reviews with the top-K reviews in the ranking. To accomplish this, we make use of the assigned star rating for a product as an indicator for a review's sentiment polarity and compare bag-of-words (language model) with topic models (latent Dirichlet allocation) as a mean to represent aspects. Our evaluation on manually annotated review data from a commercial review Web site demonstrates the effectiveness of our approach, outperforming plain recency ranking by 30% and obtaining best results by combining language and topic model representations. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Packaging Review Guide for Reviewing Safety Analysis Reports for Packagings

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

DiSabatino, A; Biswas, D; DeMicco, M; Fisher, L E; Hafner, R; Haslam, J; Mok, G; Patel, C; Russell, E

2007-04-12

This Packaging Review Guide (PRG) provides guidance for Department of Energy (DOE) review and approval of packagings to transport fissile and Type B quantities of radioactive material. It fulfills, in part, the requirements of DOE Order 460.1B for the Headquarters Certifying Official to establish standards and to provide guidance for the preparation of Safety Analysis Reports for Packagings (SARPs). This PRG is intended for use by the Headquarters Certifying Official and his or her review staff, DOE Secretarial offices, operations/field offices, and applicants for DOE packaging approval. This PRG is generally organized at the section level in a format similar to that recommended in Regulatory Guide 7.9 (RG 7.9). One notable exception is the addition of Section 9 (Quality Assurance), which is not included as a separate chapter in RG 7.9. Within each section, this PRG addresses the technical and regulatory bases for the review, the manner in which the review is accomplished, and findings that are generally applicable for a package that meets the approval standards. This Packaging Review Guide (PRG) provides guidance for DOE review and approval of packagings to transport fissile and Type B quantities of radioactive material. It fulfills, in part, the requirements of DOE O 460.1B for the Headquarters Certifying Official to establish standards and to provide guidance for the preparation of Safety Analysis Reports for Packagings (SARPs). This PRG is intended for use by the Headquarters Certifying Official and his review staff, DOE Secretarial offices, operations/field offices, and applicants for DOE packaging approval. The primary objectives of this PRG are to: (1) Summarize the regulatory requirements for package approval; (2) Describe the technical review procedures by which DOE determines that these requirements have been satisfied; (3) Establish and maintain the quality and uniformity of reviews; (4) Define the base from which to evaluate proposed changes in scope

A scoping review protocol on the roles and tasks of peer reviewers in the manuscript review process in biomedical journals.

Science.gov (United States)

Glonti, Ketevan; Cauchi, Daniel; Cobo, Erik; Boutron, Isabelle; Moher, David; Hren, Darko

2017-10-22

The primary functions of peer reviewers are poorly defined. Thus far no body of literature has systematically identified the roles and tasks of peer reviewers of biomedical journals. A clear establishment of these can lead to improvements in the peer review process. The purpose of this scoping review is to determine what is known on the roles and tasks of peer reviewers. We will use the methodological framework first proposed by Arksey and O'Malley and subsequently adapted by Levac et al and the Joanna Briggs Institute. The scoping review will include all study designs, as well as editorials, commentaries and grey literature. The following eight electronic databases will be searched (from inception to May 2017): Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Educational Resources Information Center, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus and Web of Science. Two reviewers will use inclusion and exclusion criteria based on the 'Population-Concept-Context' framework to independently screen titles and abstracts of articles considered for inclusion. Full-text screening of relevant eligible articles will also be carried out by two reviewers. The search strategy for grey literature will include searching in websites of existing networks, biomedical journal publishers and organisations that offer resources for peer reviewers. In addition we will review journal guidelines to peer reviewers on how to perform the manuscript review. Journals will be selected using the 2016 journal impact factor. We will identify and assess the top five, middle five and lowest-ranking five journals across all medical specialties. This scoping review will undertake a secondary analysis of data already collected and does not require ethical approval. The results will be disseminated through journals and conferences targeting stakeholders involved in peer review in biomedical research. © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the

Research Review

OpenAIRE

Anonymous

1983-01-01

Research Reviewed: "The Adjustment of Nominal Interest Rates to Inflation: A Review of Recent Literature"; "Role of Government in a Market Economy"; "Economic Analysis and Agricultural Policy"; "Agricultural Research Policy"

Conflicts of interest and spin in reviews of psychological therapies: a systematic review

Science.gov (United States)

Lieb, Klaus; von der Osten-Sacken, Jan; Stoffers-Winterling, Jutta; Reiss, Neele; Barth, Jürgen

2016-01-01

Objective To explore conflicts of interest (COI) and their reporting in systematic reviews of psychological therapies, and to evaluate spin in the conclusions of the reviews. Methods MEDLINE and PsycINFO databases were searched for systematic reviews published between 2010 and 2013 that assessed effects of psychological therapies for anxiety, depressive or personality disorders, and included at least one randomised controlled trial. Required COI disclosure by journal, disclosed COI by review authors, and the inclusion of own primary studies by review authors were extracted. Researcher allegiance, that is, that researchers concluded favourably about the interventions they have studied, as well as spin, that is, differences between results and conclusions of the reviews, were rated by 2 independent raters. Results 936 references were retrieved, 95 reviews fulfilled eligibility criteria. 59 compared psychological therapies with other forms of psychological therapies, and 36 psychological therapies with pharmacological interventions. Financial, non-financial, and personal COI were disclosed in 22, 4 and 1 review, respectively. 2 of 86 own primary studies of review authors included in 34 reviews were disclosed by review authors. In 15 of the reviews, authors showed an allegiance effect to the evaluated psychological therapy that was never disclosed. Spin in review conclusions was found in 27 of 95 reviews. Reviews with a conclusion in favour of psychological therapies (vs pharmacological interventions) were at high risk for a spin in conclusions (OR=8.31 (1.41 to 49.05)). Spin was related in trend to the inclusion of own primary studies in the systematic review (OR=2.08 (CI 0.83 to 5.18) p=0.11) and researcher allegiance (OR=2.63 (0.84 to 8.16) p=0.16). Conclusions Non-financial COI, especially the inclusion of own primary studies into reviews and researcher allegiance, are frequently seen in systematic reviews of psychological therapies and need more transparency and

QA REVIEWS: HOW THEY DIFFER FROM PEER REVIEWS

Science.gov (United States)

Research papers and reports written by scientists and engineers in the United States Environmental Protection Agency are reviewed by the agency's quality assurance staff. EPA papers and reports are subjected to peer reviews that check for the validity of conclusions and the gener...

Reviewer acknowledgement 2013

OpenAIRE

Stengel, Dirk; Luckmann, Annette

2014-01-01

Contributing reviewers The editors of the Journal of Trauma Management and Outcomes and BioMed Central would like to show our appreciation for the following reviewers for their time, hard work and support by reviewing manuscripts for the journal in 2013.

Reviews of recent publications

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

2001-06-01

Full Text Available Alonso, Carlos J. The Burden of Modernity: The Rhetoric of Cultural Discourse in Spanish America Reviewed by Melvin S. Arrington, Jr. Kolocotroni, Vassiliki, Jane Goldman, and Olga Taxidou, eds, Modernism: An Anthology of Sources and Documents Reviewed by Gerd Bayer Motte, Warren. Small Worlds: Minimalism in Contemporary French Literature Reviewed by William Cloonan Melton, Judith M. The Face of Exile: Autobiographical Journeys Reviewed by Claude P. Desmarais Redding, Arthur. Raids on Human Consciousness: Writing, Anarchism, and Violence Reviewed by Gail Finney Chambers, Ross. Facing It: AIDS Diaries and the Death of the Author Reviewed by Melissa A. Fitch Marx-Scouras, Danielle. The Cultural Politics of Tel Quel: Literature and the Left in the Wake of Engagement Reviewed by Diane Fourny Foster, David William. Buenos Aires: Perspectives on the City and Cultural Production Reviewed by Gustavo Geirola Nelson, Ardis L., ed. Guillermo Cabrera Infante: Assays, essays, and other arts Reviewed by José Luis Martinez-Dueñas Fox, Claire F. The Fence and the River: Culture and Politics at the U.S.-Mexico Border Reviewed by Robert Neustadt

Interventions to Reduce Adult Nursing Turnover: A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews.

Science.gov (United States)

Halter, Mary; Pelone, Ferruccio; Boiko, Olga; Beighton, Carole; Harris, Ruth; Gale, Julia; Gourlay, Stephen; Drennan, Vari

2017-01-01

Nurse turnover is an issue of concern in health care systems internationally. Understanding which interventions are effective to reduce turnover rates is important to managers and health care organisations. Despite a plethora of reviews of such interventions, strength of evidence is hard to determine. We aimed to review literature on interventions to reduce turnover in nurses working in the adult health care services in developed economies. We conducted an overview (systematic review of systematic reviews) using the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts, CINAHL plus and SCOPUS and forward searching. We included reviews published between 1990 and January 2015 in English. We carried out parallel blinded selection, extraction of data and assessment of bias, using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews. We carried out a narrative synthesis. Despite the large body of published reviews, only seven reviews met the inclusion criteria. These provide moderate quality review evidence, albeit from poorly controlled primary studies. They provide evidence of effect of a small number of interventions which decrease turnover or increase retention of nurses, these being preceptorship of new graduates and leadership for group cohesion. We highlight that a large body of reviews does not equate with a large body of high quality evidence. Agreement as to the measures and terminology to be used together with well-designed, funded primary research to provide robust evidence for nurse and human resource managers to base their nurse retention strategies on is urgently required.

Elements of integrated care approaches for older people: a review of reviews.

Science.gov (United States)

Briggs, Andrew M; Valentijn, Pim P; Thiyagarajan, Jotheeswaran A; Araujo de Carvalho, Islene

2018-04-07

The World Health Organization (WHO) recently proposed an Integrated Care for Older People approach to guide health systems and services in better supporting functional ability of older people. A knowledge gap remains in the key elements of integrated care approaches used in health and social care delivery systems for older populations. The objective of this review was to identify and describe the key elements of integrated care models for elderly people reported in the literature. Review of reviews using a systematic search method. A systematic search was performed in MEDLINE and the Cochrane database in June 2017. Reviews of interventions aimed at care integration at the clinical (micro), organisational/service (meso) or health system (macro) levels for people aged ≥60 years were included. Non-Cochrane reviews published before 2015 were excluded. Reviews were assessed for quality using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) 1 tool. Fifteen reviews (11 systematic reviews, of which six were Cochrane reviews) were included, representing 219 primary studies. Three reviews (20%) included only randomised controlled trials (RCT), while 10 reviews (65%) included both RCTs and non-RCTs. The region where the largest number of primary studies originated was North America (n=89, 47.6%), followed by Europe (n=60, 32.1%) and Oceania (n=31, 16.6%). Eleven (73%) reviews focused on clinical 'micro' and organisational 'meso' care integration strategies. The most commonly reported elements of integrated care models were multidisciplinary teams, comprehensive assessment and case management. Nurses, physiotherapists, general practitioners and social workers were the most commonly reported service providers. Methodological quality was variable (AMSTAR scores: 1-11). Seven (47%) reviews were scored as high quality (AMSTAR score ≥8). Evidence of elements of integrated care for older people focuses particularly on micro clinical care integration processes, while there

Roles for librarians in systematic reviews: a scoping review

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Angela J. Spencer

2018-01-01

Results: We identified 18 different roles filled by librarians and other information professionals in conducting systematic reviews from 310 different articles, book chapters, and presented papers and posters. Some roles were well known such as searching, source selection, and teaching. Other less documented roles included planning, question formulation, and peer review. We summarize these different roles and provide an accompanying bibliography of references for in-depth descriptions of these roles. Conclusion: Librarians play central roles in systematic review teams, including roles that go beyond searching. This scoping review should encourage librarians who are fulfilling roles that are not captured here to document their roles in journal articles and poster and paper presentations.  This article has been approved for the Medical Library Association’s Independent Reading Program.

Book Reviews

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aliraza Javaid

2014-11-01

Full Text Available Criminal Justice: An Introduction to Philosophies, Theories and Practice Reviewed by Aliraza Javaid Canadian Policing in the 21st Century: A Frontline Officer on Challenges and Changes Reviewed by Katie Cook

Comparison of self-citation by peer reviewers in a journal with single-blind peer review versus a journal with open peer review.

Science.gov (United States)

Levis, Alexander W; Leentjens, Albert F G; Levenson, James L; Lumley, Mark A; Thombs, Brett D

2015-12-01

Some peer reviewers may inappropriately, or coercively request that authors include references to the reviewers' own work. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether, compared to reviews for a journal with single-blind peer review, reviews for a journal with open peer review included (1) fewer self-citations; (2) a lower proportion of self-citations without a rationale; and (3) a lower ratio of proportions of citations without a rationale in self-citations versus citations to others' work. Peer reviews for published manuscripts submitted in 2012 to a single-blind peer review journal, the Journal of Psychosomatic Research, were previously evaluated (Thombs et al., 2015). These were compared to publically available peer reviews of manuscripts published in 2012 in an open review journal, BMC Psychiatry. Two investigators independently extracted data for both journals. There were no significant differences between journals in the proportion of all reviewer citations that were self-citations (Journal of Psychosomatic Research: 71/225, 32%; BMC Psychiatry: 90/315, 29%; p=.50), or in the proportion of self-citations without a rationale (Journal of Psychosomatic Research: 15/71, 21%; BMC Psychiatry: 12/90, 13%; p=.21). There was no significant difference between journals in the proportion of self-citations versus citations to others' work without a rationale (p=.31). Blind and open peer review methodologies have distinct advantages and disadvantages. The present study found that, in reasonably similar journals that use single-blind and open review, there were no substantive differences in the pattern of peer reviewer self-citations. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Quality of reviews on sugar-sweetened beverages and health outcomes: a systematic review123

Science.gov (United States)

Weed, Douglas L; Mink, Pamela J

2011-01-01

Background: Medical and public health decisions are informed by reviews, which makes the quality of reviews an important scientific concern. Objective: We systematically assessed the quality of published reviews on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and health, which is a controversial topic that is important to public health. Design: We performed a search of PubMed and Cochrane databases and a hand search of reference lists. Studies that were selected were published reviews and meta-analyses (June 2001 to June 2011) of epidemiologic studies of the relation between SSBs and obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and coronary heart disease. A standardized data-abstraction form was used. Review quality was assessed by using the validated instrument AMSTAR (assessment of multiple systematic reviews), which is a one-page tool with 11 questions. Results: Seventeen reviews met our inclusion and exclusion criteria: obesity or weight (16 reviews), diabetes (3 reviews), metabolic syndrome (3 reviews), and coronary heart disease (2 reviews). Authors frequently used a strictly narrative review (7 of 17 reviews). Only 6 of 17 reviews reported quantitative data in a table format. Overall, reviews of SSBs and health outcomes received moderately low–quality scores by the AMSTAR [mean: 4.4 points; median: 4 points; range: 1–8.5 points (out of a possible score of 11 points)]. AMSTAR scores were not related to the conclusions of authors (8 reviews reported an association with a mean AMSTAR score of 4.1 points; 9 reviews with equivocal conclusions scored 4.7 points; P value = 0.84). Less than one-third of published reviews reported a comprehensive literature search, listed included and excluded studies, or used duplicate study selection and data abstraction. Conclusion: The comprehensive reporting of epidemiologic evidence and use of systematic methodologies to interpret evidence were underused in published reviews on SSBs and health. PMID:21918218

Systematic review

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Enggaard, Helle

Title: Systematic review a method to promote nursing students skills in Evidence Based Practice Background: Department of nursing educate students to practice Evidence Based Practice (EBP), where clinical decisions is based on the best available evidence, patient preference, clinical experience...... and resources available. In order to incorporate evidence in clinical decisions, nursing students need to learn how to transfer knowledge in order to utilize evidence in clinical decisions. The method of systematic review can be one approach to achieve this in nursing education. Method: As an associate lecturer...... I have taken a Comprehensive Systematic Review Training course provide by Center of Clinical Guidelines in Denmark and Jonna Briggs Institute (JBI) and practice in developing a systematic review on how patients with ischemic heart disease experiences peer support. This insight and experience...

Random Versus Nonrandom Peer Review: A Case for More Meaningful Peer Review.

Science.gov (United States)

Itri, Jason N; Donithan, Adam; Patel, Sohil H

2018-05-10

Random peer review programs are not optimized to discover cases with diagnostic error and thus have inherent limitations with respect to educational and quality improvement value. Nonrandom peer review offers an alternative approach in which diagnostic error cases are targeted for collection during routine clinical practice. The objective of this study was to compare error cases identified through random and nonrandom peer review approaches at an academic center. During the 1-year study period, the number of discrepancy cases and score of discrepancy were determined from each approach. The nonrandom peer review process collected 190 cases, of which 60 were scored as 2 (minor discrepancy), 94 as 3 (significant discrepancy), and 36 as 4 (major discrepancy). In the random peer review process, 1,690 cases were reviewed, of which 1,646 were scored as 1 (no discrepancy), 44 were scored as 2 (minor discrepancy), and none were scored as 3 or 4. Several teaching lessons and quality improvement measures were developed as a result of analysis of error cases collected through the nonrandom peer review process. Our experience supports the implementation of nonrandom peer review as a replacement to random peer review, with nonrandom peer review serving as a more effective method for collecting diagnostic error cases with educational and quality improvement value. Copyright © 2018 American College of Radiology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Sscience & technology review; Science Technology Review

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-07-01

This review is published ten times a year to communicate, to a broad audience, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory`s scientific and technological accomplishments, particularly in the Laboratory`s core mission areas - global security, energy and the environment, and bioscience and biotechnology. This review for the month of July 1996 discusses: Frontiers of research in advanced computations, The multibeam Fabry-Perot velocimeter: Efficient measurement of high velocities, High-tech tools for the American textile industry, and Rock mechanics: can the Tuff take the stress.

Surgical interventions for gastric cancer: a review of systematic reviews.

Science.gov (United States)

He, Weiling; Tu, Jian; Huo, Zijun; Li, Yuhuang; Peng, Jintao; Qiu, Zhenwen; Luo, Dandong; Ke, Zunfu; Chen, Xinlin

2015-01-01

To evaluate methodological quality and the extent of concordance among meta-analysis and/or systematic reviews on surgical interventions for gastric cancer (GC). A comprehensive search of PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, the Cochrane library and the DARE database was conducted to identify the reviews comparing different surgical interventions for GC prior to April 2014. After applying included criteria, available data were summarized and appraised by the Oxman and Guyatt scale. Fifty six reviews were included. Forty five reviews (80.4%) were well conducted, with scores of adapted Oxman and Guyatt scale ≥ 14. The reviews differed in criteria for avoiding bias and assessing the validity of the primary studies. Many primary studies displayed major methodological flaws, such as randomization, allocation concealment, and dropouts and withdrawals. According to the concordance assessment, laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy (LAG) was superior to open gastrectomy, and laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy was superior to open distal gastrectomy in short-term outcomes. However, the concordance regarding other surgical interventions, such as D1 vs. D2 lymphadenectomy, and robotic gastrectomy vs. LAG were absent. Systematic reviews on surgical interventions for GC displayed relatively high methodological quality. The improvement of methodological quality and reporting was necessary for primary studies. The superiority of laparoscopic over open surgery was demonstrated. But concordance on other surgical interventions was rare, which needed more well-designed RCTs and systematic reviews.

Reviewing Literature in Bioethics Research: Increasing Rigour in Non-Systematic Reviews.

Science.gov (United States)

McDougall, Rosalind

2015-09-01

The recent interest in systematic review methods in bioethics has highlighted the need for greater transparency in all literature review processes undertaken in bioethics projects. In this article, I articulate features of a good bioethics literature review that does not aim to be systematic, but rather to capture and analyse the key ideas relevant to a research question. I call this a critical interpretive literature review. I begin by sketching and comparing three different types of literature review conducted in bioethics scholarship. Then, drawing on Dixon-Wood's concept of critical interpretive synthesis, I put forward six features of a good critical interpretive literature review in bioethics: answering a research question, capturing the key ideas relevant to the research question, analysing the literature as a whole, generating theory, not excluding papers based on rigid quality assessment criteria, and reporting the search strategy. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Methodology in conducting a systematic review of systematic reviews of healthcare interventions.

LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

Smith, Valerie

2011-02-01

Hundreds of studies of maternity care interventions have been published, too many for most people involved in providing maternity care to identify and consider when making decisions. It became apparent that systematic reviews of individual studies were required to appraise, summarise and bring together existing studies in a single place. However, decision makers are increasingly faced by a plethora of such reviews and these are likely to be of variable quality and scope, with more than one review of important topics. Systematic reviews (or overviews) of reviews are a logical and appropriate next step, allowing the findings of separate reviews to be compared and contrasted, providing clinical decision makers with the evidence they need.

Consideration of health inequalities in systematic reviews: a mapping review of guidance.

Science.gov (United States)

Maden, Michelle

2016-11-28

Given that we know that interventions shown to be effective in improving the health of a population may actually widen the health inequalities gap while others reduce it, it is imperative that all systematic reviewers consider how the findings of their reviews may impact (reduce or increase) on the health inequality gap. This study reviewed existing guidance on incorporating considerations of health inequalities in systematic reviews in order to examine the extent to which they can help reviewers to incorporate such issues. A mapping review was undertaken to identify guidance documents that purported to inform reviewers on whether and how to incorporate considerations of health inequalities. Searches were undertaken in Medline, CINAHL and The Cochrane Library Methodology Register. Review guidance manuals prepared by international organisations engaged in undertaking systematic reviews, and their associated websites were scanned. Studies were included if they provided an overview or discussed the development and testing of guidance for dealing with the incorporation of considerations of health inequalities in evidence synthesis. Results are summarised in narrative and tabular forms. Twenty guidance documents published between 2009 and 2016 were included. Guidance has been produced to inform considerations of health inequalities at different stages of the systematic review process. The Campbell and Cochrane Equity Group have been instrumental in developing and promoting such guidance. Definitions of health inequalities and guidance differed across the included studies. All but one guidance document were transparent in their method of production. Formal methods of evaluation were reported for six guidance documents. Most of the guidance was operationalised in the form of examples taken from published systematic reviews. The number of guidance items to operationalise ranges from 3 up to 26 with a considerable overlap noted. Adhering to the guidance will require more

Book Reviews

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lise Kanckos

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Believing in Belonging: Belief & Social Identity in the Modern World by Abby Day is reviewed by Lise Kanckos.Religion and the New Atheism: A Critical Appraisal, edited by Amarnath Amarasingam, is reviewed by Mikko Sillfors.

Proactive Review

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kolbæk, Ditte

2015-01-01

This chapter will explore how to learn from working experience through the use of an educational approach called Proactive Review. From 2005 to 2012, Proactive Review was developed and implemented in a world-class IT company based in more than 40 countries across Europe, the Middle East, and Africa....... This chapter will include some of the theoretical considerations as well as the final educational design for a Proactive Review, as exemplified in a case study from the IT company. The aim of this chapter is to provide a theoretically based and proven educational design for Lessons Learned, including...... recommendations for successful Proactive Reviews. The theory section will explore theories regarding the following two topics: first, how an organization may understand the term “learning”; and second, the starting point of learning and how an organization may maintain a learning environment. The research...

Peer Review of Grant Applications: Criteria Used and Qualitative Study of Reviewer Practices

Science.gov (United States)

Abdoul, Hendy; Perrey, Christophe; Amiel, Philippe; Tubach, Florence; Gottot, Serge; Durand-Zaleski, Isabelle; Alberti, Corinne

2012-01-01

Background Peer review of grant applications has been criticized as lacking reliability. Studies showing poor agreement among reviewers supported this possibility but usually focused on reviewers’ scores and failed to investigate reasons for disagreement. Here, our goal was to determine how reviewers rate applications, by investigating reviewer practices and grant assessment criteria. Methods and Findings We first collected and analyzed a convenience sample of French and international calls for proposals and assessment guidelines, from which we created an overall typology of assessment criteria comprising nine domains relevance to the call for proposals, usefulness, originality, innovativeness, methodology, feasibility, funding, ethical aspects, and writing of the grant application. We then performed a qualitative study of reviewer practices, particularly regarding the use of assessment criteria, among reviewers of the French Academic Hospital Research Grant Agencies (Programmes Hospitaliers de Recherche Clinique, PHRCs). Semi-structured interviews and observation sessions were conducted. Both the time spent assessing each grant application and the assessment methods varied across reviewers. The assessment criteria recommended by the PHRCs were listed by all reviewers as frequently evaluated and useful. However, use of the PHRC criteria was subjective and varied across reviewers. Some reviewers gave the same weight to each assessment criterion, whereas others considered originality to be the most important criterion (12/34), followed by methodology (10/34) and feasibility (4/34). Conceivably, this variability might adversely affect the reliability of the review process, and studies evaluating this hypothesis would be of interest. Conclusions Variability across reviewers may result in mistrust among grant applicants about the review process. Consequently, ensuring transparency is of the utmost importance. Consistency in the review process could also be improved by

Eligibility criteria in systematic reviews published in prominent medical journals: a methodological review.

Science.gov (United States)

McCrae, Niall; Purssell, Edward

2015-12-01

Clear and logical eligibility criteria are fundamental to the design and conduct of a systematic review. This methodological review examined the quality of reporting and application of eligibility criteria in systematic reviews published in three leading medical journals. All systematic reviews in the BMJ, JAMA and The Lancet in the years 2013 and 2014 were extracted. These were assessed using a refined version of a checklist previously designed by the authors. A total of 113 papers were eligible, of which 65 were in BMJ, 17 in The Lancet and 31 in JAMA. Although a generally high level of reporting was found, eligibility criteria were often problematic. In 67% of papers, eligibility was specified after the search sources or terms. Unjustified time restrictions were used in 21% of reviews, and unpublished or unspecified data in 27%. Inconsistency between journals was apparent in the requirements for systematic reviews. The quality of reviews in these leading medical journals was high; however, there were issues that reduce the clarity and replicability of the review process. As well as providing a useful checklist, this methodological review informs the continued development of standards for systematic reviews. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Time required for institutional review board review at one Veterans Affairs medical center.

Science.gov (United States)

Hall, Daniel E; Hanusa, Barbara H; Stone, Roslyn A; Ling, Bruce S; Arnold, Robert M

2015-02-01

Despite growing concern that institutional review boards (IRBs) impose burdensome delays on research, little is known about the time required for IRB review across different types of research. To measure the overall and incremental process times for IRB review as a process of quality improvement. After developing a detailed process flowchart of the IRB review process, 2 analysts abstracted temporal data from the records pertaining to all 103 protocols newly submitted to the IRB at a large urban Veterans Affairs medical center from June 1, 2009, through May 31, 2011. Disagreements were reviewed with the principal investigator to reach consensus. We then compared the review times across review types using analysis of variance and post hoc Scheffé tests after achieving normally distributed data through logarithmic transformation. Calendar days from initial submission to final approval of research protocols. Initial IRB review took 2 to 4 months, with expedited and exempt reviews requiring less time (median [range], 85 [23-631] and 82 [16-437] days, respectively) than full board reviews (median [range], 131 [64-296] days; P = .008). The median time required for credentialing of investigators was 1 day (range, 0-74 days), and review by the research and development committee took a median of 15 days (range, 0-184 days). There were no significant differences in credentialing or research and development times across review types (exempt, expedited, or full board). Of the extreme delays in IRB review, 80.0% were due to investigators' slow responses to requested changes. There were no systematic delays attributable to the information security officer, privacy officer, or IRB chair. Measuring and analyzing review times is a critical first step in establishing a culture and process of continuous quality improvement among IRBs that govern research programs. The review times observed at this IRB are substantially longer than the 60-day target recommended by expert panels

Same review quality in open versus blinded peer review in "Ugeskrift for Læger"

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Vinther, Siri; Nielsen, Ole Haagen; Rosenberg, Jacob

2012-01-01

Research into the peer review process has previously been conducted in English-language journals. This study deals with a Danish general medical journal with a relatively small pool of both reviewers and readers. The aim of the study was to compare the quality of reviews produced by identifiable...... and anonymous reviewers, and further to characterize authors' and reviewers' attitudes towards different peer review systems....

Systematic review automation technologies

Science.gov (United States)

2014-01-01

Systematic reviews, a cornerstone of evidence-based medicine, are not produced quickly enough to support clinical practice. The cost of production, availability of the requisite expertise and timeliness are often quoted as major contributors for the delay. This detailed survey of the state of the art of information systems designed to support or automate individual tasks in the systematic review, and in particular systematic reviews of randomized controlled clinical trials, reveals trends that see the convergence of several parallel research projects. We surveyed literature describing informatics systems that support or automate the processes of systematic review or each of the tasks of the systematic review. Several projects focus on automating, simplifying and/or streamlining specific tasks of the systematic review. Some tasks are already fully automated while others are still largely manual. In this review, we describe each task and the effect that its automation would have on the entire systematic review process, summarize the existing information system support for each task, and highlight where further research is needed for realizing automation for the task. Integration of the systems that automate systematic review tasks may lead to a revised systematic review workflow. We envisage the optimized workflow will lead to system in which each systematic review is described as a computer program that automatically retrieves relevant trials, appraises them, extracts and synthesizes data, evaluates the risk of bias, performs meta-analysis calculations, and produces a report in real time. PMID:25005128

Scientific composition and review of manuscripts for publication in peer-reviewed dental journals.

Science.gov (United States)

Bayne, Stephen C; McGivney, Glen P; Mazer, Sarah C

2003-02-01

This article provides an extensive tutorial for writers and reviewers involved with the preparation and evaluation of manuscripts submitted for publication in dental journals. The contents were compiled from the Instructions for Authors printed in various peer-reviewed dental journals and from feedback from 10 workshops conducted for the Editorial Review Board of the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. The 10 major sections of a scientific manuscript are reviewed in detail in terms of content, format, and common errors; examples of good content are provided. The review process is described, and instructions on conducting fair and expeditious manuscript evaluations are provided for reviewers. In addition, a number of special topics are addressed, including potential conflicts of interest for an author, institutional review of experiments that involve human subjects or animals, and the reproduction of photographs and other images in color versus black and white. In summary, this article presents key guidelines to ensure compliance with the principles of sound scientific writing and the expeditious review of manuscripts prepared for publication in peer-reviewed dental journals.

Bond-market skepticism and stock-market exuberance in the hospital industry.

Science.gov (United States)

Robinson, James C

2002-01-01

The hospital industry needs funds to refurbish physical facilities, upgrade clinical and information technologies, and rebuild financial positions weakened by past external challenges and unwise organizational strategies. The financial markets offer a marked contrast in capital access, as bond creditors remain skeptical while stock investors plunge back into the once-shunned industry. Ironically, high stock prices may drive the for-profit chains to repeat past cycles of overexpansion, while weak bond ratings may save non-profit systems from a comparable loss of focus on the core business of operating and improving inpatient facilities. This turbulence has implications for public payment, antitrust, and financial disclosure policies.

MORTUARY MERGERS AND THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF INTERMENT

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

David O. Whitten

2001-01-01

Full Text Available “Mortuary Mergers and the Internationalization of Interment” is a study ofthe death services industry’s response to a changing market. Throughout the industry and across national borders, independent mortuaries and cemeteries are merging or consolidating. International death services firms are structured much as the automobile, oil, and communications multinationals are. Monopolistic competition is increasingly replaced by national and international oligopoly that may well translate into monopoly in isolated markets and lead to antitrust action and regulation. The study develops the historical roots of the death services industry but concentrates on the revolution underway. The prospects for the industry in the twenty-first century conclude the paper.

Handbook on German-Russian energy law; Handbuch zum deutsch-russischen Energierecht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Saecker, Franz Juergen (ed.) [Freie Univ. Berlin (Germany)

2010-07-01

The handbook under consideration offers a comparative presentation of the energy law in Russia and in the Federal Republic of Germany and would like to promote an approach of the energy legal regulations of the two states and the European Union. The handbook covers the entire legal problems from the exploration over the production and transport from energy resources up to the processing and consumption. The handbook considers not only the energy economy law, the energy antitrust law, the energy contractual law and the energy environment law, but also refers to the atomic law and the mining law in the presentation of the energy right.

Institutional contexts of market power in the electricity industry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Foer, A.A.

1999-01-01

Market power is widely recognized as one of the principal issues that must be dealt with if the electricity industry is to make the transition from regulation to competition. In this article, the author provides a legal and economic introduction to what the antitrust community means by market power and offers a primer on why market power is so central an issue in the electricity industry. Finally and most importantly, he offers comments on the institutional contexts of market power, exploring a process which he calls Shermanization that helps explain the institutional aspect of moving from regulation to competition and holds implications for where oversight should reside during this complex transition

Is there evidence that recent consolidation in the health insurance industry has adversely affected premiums?

Science.gov (United States)

Kopit, William G

2004-01-01

James Robinson suggests that recent consolidation in the insurance market has been a cause of higher health insurance prices (premiums). Although the recent consolidation among health insurers and rising premiums are indisputable, it is unlikely that consolidation has had any adverse effect on premiums nationwide, and Robinson provides no data that suggest otherwise. Specifically, he does not present data showing an increase in concentration in any relevant market during the past few years, let alone any resulting increase in premiums. Health insurance consolidation in certain local markets could adversely affect premiums, but it seems clear that it is not a major national antitrust issue.

NASA Product Peer Review Process

Science.gov (United States)

Jenks, Ken

2009-01-01

This viewgraph presentation describes NASA's product peer review process. The contents include: 1) Inspection/Peer Review at NASA; 2) Reasons for product peer reviews; 3) Different types of peer reviews; and 4) NASA requirements for peer reviews. This presentation also includes a demonstration of an actual product peer review.

Software Reviews.

Science.gov (United States)

Kinnaman, Daniel E.; And Others

1988-01-01

Reviews four educational software packages for Apple, IBM, and Tandy computers. Includes "How the West was One + Three x Four,""Mavis Beacon Teaches Typing,""Math and Me," and "Write On." Reviews list hardware requirements, emphasis, levels, publisher, purchase agreements, and price. Discusses the strengths…

Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Primary NAAQS Review: Integrated Review Plan - Advisory with CASAC

Science.gov (United States)

The SO2 Integrated Review Plan is the first document generated as part of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) review process. The Plan presents background information, the schedule for the review, the process to be used in conducting the review, and the key policy-...

Peer review: a view based on recent experience as an author and reviewer.

Science.gov (United States)

Clark, R K F

2012-08-01

Peer review is an important stage in academic publishing, as a form of quality control to maintain the integrity of both the articles and the journals they appear in. However, the confidential nature of the relationship between reviewer and author does not necessarily benefit the system; with some reviewers using their anonymity to give unnecessary, injudicious comment. This paper explores the motives behind the reviewer's comments and how peer review could be improved by openness and honesty.

Book Reviews.

Science.gov (United States)

Powicke, J. C.; And Others

1986-01-01

Reviews of 10 recent books and one new journal ("Catalyst: A Journal of Policy Debate") are provided. Topics of the books reviewed include: economics in modern Britain, world economics, the mixed economy, Milton Friedman's thought, British industry, economic issues, and London as a financial center. (JDH)

Algebra & trigonometry super review

CERN Document Server

2012-01-01

Get all you need to know with Super Reviews! Each Super Review is packed with in-depth, student-friendly topic reviews that fully explain everything about the subject. The Algebra and Trigonometry Super Review includes sets and set operations, number systems and fundamental algebraic laws and operations, exponents and radicals, polynomials and rational expressions, equations, linear equations and systems of linear equations, inequalities, relations and functions, quadratic equations, equations of higher order, ratios, proportions, and variations. Take the Super Review quizzes to see how much y

Why Participate in Peer Review as a Journal Manuscript Reviewer: What's in It for You?

Science.gov (United States)

Pytynia, Kristen B

2017-06-01

The peer review process for scientific journals relies on the efforts of volunteer reviewers. Reviewers are selected due to their expertise in their fields. With so many demands on professional time, the benefits of participating in peer review may not be obvious. However, reviewers benefit by exposure to the latest developments in their fields, facilitating their keeping up-to-date with the latest publications. Tenure committees look favorably on participation in peer review, and invitations to review underscore that the reviewer is a respected subject matter expert. Contacts made during the peer review process can lead to long-lasting collaboration. Continuing medical education credit can be obtained through various mechanisms. Overall, participating in peer review is an important part of career development and should be viewed as a critical component of advancement.

Book Reviews.

Science.gov (United States)

Journal of Chemical Education, 1983

1983-01-01

Reviews two textbooks: "Principles of Biochemistry" by Albert L. Lehninger and "Inorganic Chemistry, A Modern Introduction" by Therald Moeller. Also reviews text, study guide, and laboratory manual for Morris Hein's "Foundations of College Chemistry, Fifth Edition" and text/study guide for David A. Ucko's "Basics for Chemistry." (JN)

IRIS Toxicological Review of Tert-Butyl Alcohol (Tert-Butanol) (External Review Draft)

Science.gov (United States)

The IRIS Toxicological Review of tert-Butyl Alcohol (tert-Butanol) was released for external peer review in June 2017. EPA’s Science Advisory Board’s (SAB) Chemical Assessment Advisory Committee (CAAC) will conduct a peer review of the scientific basis supporting ...

Book reviews online

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Philip Barker

1997-12-01

Full Text Available Many thousands of books are published each year, and even specialists find it difficult to keep abreast of new books in their disciplines, learning technology being no exception - indeed, in our subject-area the situation is beginning to reach saturation point. The bookreview procedure facilitates selection: a good review will capture the essential content of a book, and will comment on its quality, style, level of presentation, appropriateness, and perhaps value for money. Figure 1 shows the review process, its relationship to the production of books and learned journals, and the functional similarity between book reviews and abstracts of papers published in learned journals. Abstracts are often archived in online databases or on CD-ROM, in this way acting as an alerting and brief reference service. Book reviews can be treated in the same way. This paper discusses the use of servers (Internet or intranet as a means of making them available to a global population. It also describes how such a facility could fit into a more general infrastructure for soliciting potential reviewers and drawing their attention to publications available for review.