Computação autonômica aplicada ao diagnóstico e solução de anomalias de redes de computadores

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Alexandre de Aguiar Amaral

2015-01-01

Resumo: A tarefa de gerenciamento de redes tem se tornado cada vez mais desafiadora. Dentre esses desafios está o problema de diagnosticar e solucionar as anomalias. As soluções atuais não têm sido suficiente para atender os requisitos demandados para a aplicação em ambientes de rede de grande escala. Os principais motivos decorrem da falta de autonomicidade e escalabilidade. Nesta tese, os conceitos da computação autonômica e distribuída são explorados para diagnosticar e solucionar anomalia...

Anomalias oculares em pacientes portadores de deficiência auditiva genética Ocular abnormalities in genetically deaf people

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Jane Chen

2000-12-01

Full Text Available Introdução: Para se verificar a prevalência de anomalias oculares em indivíduos portadores de deficiência auditiva de causa genética definitiva ou suspeita, este trabalho apresenta a avaliação oftalmológica de 97 indivíduos portadores de deficiência auditiva. Pacientes e Métodos: 97 indivíduos com diagnóstico definitivo ou suspeito de causa genética para disacusia foram submetidos a exame clínico oftalmológico completo; destes, 10 foram excluídos. Resultados: 42 (48,28% dos pacientes apresentaram uma ou mais anomalias oculares, 22 (25,29% pacientes apresentaram várias anormalidades oculares e quadro clínico compatíveis com síndromes genéticas estabelecidas. Conclusões: O exame oftalmológico é importante no diagnóstico sindrômico e etiológico de alguns quadros de disacusia, pois as alterações oculares podem ser a única anomalia associada à mesma.Purpose: In order to verify the prevalence of ocular abnormalities in patients who are deaf due to genetic causes, this paper presents the visual assessment of 97 deaf patients. Methods: 97 patients with definite or suspected diagno- sis of congenital and genetic deafness underwent a complete ophthalmologic evaluation; 10 patients were excluded. Results: 42 (48.28% patients presented one or more ocular abnormalities, 22 (25.29% patients presented several abnormalities and clinical manifestations of established genetic diseases. Conclusions: The ocular abnormalities may be the only clinical manifestations associated with deafness. Therefore the ophthalmological examination is a helpful tool for the etiological diagnosis of deafness.

Cintilografia de perfusão miocárdica e comprometimento cardíaco na fase indeterminada da doença de chagas

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Amalia Peix

2013-02-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: A cintilografia de perfusão miocárdica (CPM tem sido utilizada na avaliação da cardiopatia chagásica. OBJETIVO: Investigar o valor da CPM com tomografia computadorizada por emissão de fóton único (gated-SPECT para detectar comprometimento cardíaco precoce em pacientes chagásicos na fase indeterminada, que apresentam anomalias de movimento segmentar detectadas por exame de imagem por Doppler tecidual (IDT strain derivada. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos 40 indivíduos (idade média: 25 ± 2 anos, 50% homens de uma área endêmica da doença de Chagas e com diagnóstico sorológico positivo. Todos foram submetidos à CPM com gated-SPECT de 2 dias (repouso e estresse e ecocardiografia. RESULTADOS: Trinta indivíduos (75% apresentaram resultados normais. Em três casos (8%, a CPM apresentou resultado ligeiramente anormal e em sete foi ambígua. Em todos os casos com defeitos reversíveis, os segmentos afetados foram coincidentes com aqueles com anomalias de movimento. Foi encontrada redução na fração de ejeção ventricular esquerda (FEVE > 5% (ΔLVEF% < -5 pós-estresse em 11 dos 40 indivíduos (28%. Tanto o desvio padrão fasederivado como a largura da banda do histograma mostraram diferença significativa entre o pós-estresse e a fase de repouso. Em ambos os casos, houve ligeira dessincronia em repouso normalizado no pós-estresse. CONCLUSÃO: Uma abordagem estresse-repouso com gated-SPECT é válida para detectar alterações miocárdicas precoces, bem como dessincronia intraventricular na fase indeterminada da doença de Chagas em pacientes com anomalias no movimento segmentar previamente detectadas pela IDT strain derivada.

Associated dental anomalies: case report Múltiplas anomalias dentárias associadas: caso clínico

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Daniela Gamba Garib

2005-12-01

Full Text Available Certain human dental anomalies frequently occur together, supporting the accumulated evidence of the shared genetic control of dental developmental disturbances. The present study reports a rare and interesting case of a 12-year-old girl with an association of multiple dental abnormalities, including agenesis, tooth malposition and delayed development. The etiology and treatment planning are discussed with reference to the literature. The clinical implications of genetically controlled patterns of dental anomalies are important in the establishment of early diagnosis and appropriate orthodontic intervention.Certas anomalias dentárias humanas freqüentemente ocorrem concomitantemente, contribuindo para validar as evidências do controle genético nos distúrbios de desenvolvimento. O presente estudo relata um caso raro e interessante de uma jovem de 12 anos de idade, com associação de anormalidades dentárias múltiplas, incluindo agenesia, ectopia e atraso no desenvolvimento dentário. A etiologia e tratamento planejados são discutidos com referência à literatura. As implicações clínicas do padrão de anomalias dentárias geneticamente controladas são importantes no estabelecimento do diagnóstico precoce e de adequada intervenção ortodôntica.

Anomalia megadolicobasilar: a propósito de 5 casos diagnosticados angiograficamente

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Walter C. Pereira

1977-09-01

Full Text Available Após breves considerações sobre a sintomatologia e etiopatogenia da megadolicobasilar, são apresentados 5 casos desta anomalia vascular. Concordando com a maioria dos trabalhos sobre o assunto, a idade dos doentes desta série situava-se entre a quarta e sexta décadas da vida, apresentando todos hipertensão arterial de longa duração e aterosclerose avançada; o quadro neurológico deste doentes mostrou-se variável, tendo em comum o fato de ter se iniciado abruptamente. O estudo angiográfico do sistema vértebro-basilar foi o exame que possibilitou o diagnóstico em todos os casos.

Estudo da morbidade e da mortalidade perinatal em maternidades: III - Anomalias congênitas em nascidos vivos A study of perinatal morbidity and mortality in maternity hospitals: III - Congenital anomalies in live briths

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José Maria Pacheco de Souza

1987-02-01

Full Text Available Realizou-se estudo das anomalias congênitas encontradas em recém-nascidos vivos, em nove maternidades, durante o ano de 1981-1982. O material é parte de uma pesquisa desenvolvida em sete maternidade do Estado de São Paulo, uma do Rio de Janeiro e uma de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina (Brasil, no período de agosto de 1981 a julho de 1982, quando foram coletados dados sobre todos os nascimentos ocorridos nesses nove serviços. As anomalias congênitas foram definidas como as descritas no XIV.° capítulo da Classificação Internacional de Doenças - 1975, 9ª Revisão, tendo sido utilizada essa classificação para codificá-las. Na análise estatística foram utilizados o X² (com um grau de liberdade, o teste de inclinação para proporções ("Trend test" e a técnica de Berkson para a verificação da hipótese de aderência à distribuição de Poisson. Em 12.782 recém-nascidos vivos, 286 (2,24% apresentavam algum tipo de anomalia congênita, tendo havido 26 (0,20% crianças com duas anomalias, 9 (0,07% com três e duas (0,02 apresentando quatro tipos de malformações congênitas. As deformidades osteomusculares congênitas (código 754 da CID foram as mais freqüentes (19%;segue-se as outras anomalias congênitas do coração (746 com uma freqüência de 14,1%. Ao se analisar a prevalência dessas malformações pela idade da mãe nota-se que há um aumento da prevalência à medida que a idade avança, apenas para Sindrome de Down (758.Congenital anomalies in live births in nine maternities in the period 1981-1982 were studied. This was one aspect of a research project carried out in seven maternities in the State of S.Paulo, one in Rio de Janeiro and another in Florianópolis (Brazil, from which data on all births occurring between August 1981 and July 1982 were obtained. Congenital anomalies were classified according to the XIVth chapter of the CID-1975 - 9thRevision. Chi square for associations and for trend and Berkson

Axenfeld-Rieger anomaly and corneal endothelial dystrophy: a case series Anomalia de Axenfeld-Rieger e distrofia corneana endotelial: uma série de casos

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Mariana Borges Oliveira

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Report of a study of a family with a remarkable combination of endothelial corneal dystrophy, and anterior chamber dysgenesis classified as Axenfeld-Rieger anomaly. A 56 year-old female had blurred vision complaints. A slit lamp evaluation showed a bilateral posterior embryotoxon and guttata with corneal edema, Descemet membrane's folds, characterizing Fuchs endothelial dystrophy. A 27 year-old daughter was asymptomatic. The biomicroscopic exam disclosed a bilateral nasal and temporal posterior embryotoxon and a central guttata. Gonioscopy showed iridocorneal strands with a prominent Schwalbe´s line. The intraocular pressure was normal. Her sister, a 25 year-old female presented very similar abnormalities along with her brother (22 years old. A 19 year-old female sister presented the iridocorneal angle alterations, without Fuchs endothelial dystrophy, until this moment. This paper presents a family with a central cornea guttata or Fuchs dystrophy associated with Axenfeld-Rieger anomaly. Two different inherited diseases appearing together in an entire family may suggest a single molecular and genetic etiology, with high penetrance.Relato dos resultados do estudo de uma família com distrofia corneana endotelial associada a uma disgenesia do segmento anterior, a anomalia de Axenfeld-Rieger. Paciente de 56 anos, feminina, queixava-se de visão borrada. O exame na lâmpada de fenda evidenciou embriotoxo posterior bilateral e guttata no centro da córnea, edema estromal e dobras na membrana de Descemet, caracterizando distrofia endothelial de Fuchs. A filha de 27 anos estava assintomática. A biomicroscopia revelou embriotoxo posterior nasal e temporal bilateral e guttata central. A gonioscopia evidenciou processos iridocorneanos até a linha de Schwalbe, que se encontrava anteriorizada e proeminente. A pressão intra-ocular estava normal. Não foram observadas alterações sistêmicas. Sua irmã, 25 anos, sexo feminino, apresentava altera

Estenose aórtica supravalvar em adulto com anomalia de vasos da base e insuficiência aórtica

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Acrisio Sales Valente

2013-12-01

Full Text Available A estenose aórtica supravalvar é uma rara cardiopatia congênita, bastante incomum em adultos. Apresentamos um caso de estenose aórtica supravalvar em adulto com anomalia de vasos do arco aórtico, já com presença de insuficiência aórtica importante, tratado com êxito por meio de plastia da aorta ascendente e troca valvar aórtica.

Anomalia de Ebstein detectada in utero e síndrome de Down: diagnóstico pré-natal de uma combinação rara Intrauterine detection of Ebstein's anomaly and Down's syndrome: prenatal diagnosis of a rare combination

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Maria de Fátima M.P. Leite

2004-04-01

Full Text Available A anomalia de Ebstein é uma doença rara, embora seja a malformação mais comum da valva tricúspide. A associação com outras síndromes e anomalias extracardíacas é muito incomum e matéria de poucos relatos de caso. Apresenta-se um caso de diagnóstico pré-natal de anomalia de Ebstein em um paciente com síndrome de Down.Ebstein's anomaly, although the most common malformation of the tricuspid valve, is a rare disease. Its association with other syndromes and extracardiac anomalies is very rare and has been reported in only a few cases. A case of prenatal diagnosis of Ebstein's anomaly in a patient with Down's syndrome is reported.

Anomalia anorretal e cuidados maternos Anormalidades anorectales y la atención materna Anorectal anomaly and maternal care

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Manuela Costa Melo

2011-02-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste artigo foi realizar um estudo de revisão bibliográfica sobre anomalia anorretal e cuidados maternos. O assunto foi abordado por meio de revisão integrativa realizada em consulta de artigos publicados nas bases de dados indexados na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Foram identificadas 25 publicações que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão pré-estabelecidos. Nos estudos analisados observaram-se distintos desenhos metodológicos demonstrando que algumas crianças nascidas com anomalia anorretal necessitam de cirurgia de urgência. Os profissionais de saúde, juntamente aos pais, precisam desenvolver parcerias que possibilitem um acompanhamento a longo prazo e orientações cuidadosas. Faz-se necessário que novas pesquisas sejam realizadas sobre o tema, com propostas metodológicas que retratem melhor a essência do cuidado com as crianças estomizadasEl objetivo de este artículo fue realizar un estudio de revisión bibliográfica sobre anomalía ano retal y cuidados maternos. El asunto fue abordado por medio de una revisión integral realizada por consulta de artículos publicados en las bases de datos indexados en la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud. Fueron identificadas 25 publicaciones que atendieron a los criterios de inclusión y exclusión pre-establecidos. En los estudios analizados se observaron distintos dibujos metodológicos demostrando que algunos niños nacidos con anomalía ano retal necesitan de cirugía de urgencia. Los profesionales de salud, juntamente con los padres, necesitan desarrollar grupos que posibiliten un acompañamiento a largo plazo y orientaciones cuidadosas. Se hace necesario que nuevos estudios sean realizados sobre el tema, con propuestas metodológicas que retraten mejor la esencia del cuidado con los niños con ostomíaThis purpose of the article was to make a bibliographic review about anorectal malformations and maternal cares. The matter was addressed through an integrative

Chlorination disinfection by-products in drinking water and congenital anomalies: review and meta-analyses Subprodutos da desinfecção com cloro em água potável e anomalias congênitas: revisão e meta-análise

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Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen

2010-10-01

Full Text Available This study aims to review epidemiologic evidence of the association between exposure to chlorination disinfection by-products (DBPs and congenital anomalies. All epidemiologic studies that evaluated a relationship between an index of DBP exposure and risk of congenital anomalies were analyzed. For all congenital anomalies combined, the meta-analysis gave a statistically significant excess risk for high versus low exposure to water chlorination or TTHM (17%; 95% CI, 3-34 based on a small number of studies. The meta-analysis also suggested a statistically significant excess risk for ventricular septal defects (58%; 95% CI, 21-107, but based on only three studies, and there was little evidence of an exposure-response relationship. It was observed no statistically significant relationships in the other meta-analyses and little evidence for publication bias, except for urinary tract defects and cleft lip and palate. Although some individual studies have suggested an association between chlorination disinfection by-products and congenital anomalies, meta-analyses of all currently available studies demonstrate little evidence of such association.O objetivo deste estudo é revisar evidências epidemiológicas da associação entre a exposição a subprodutos da desinfecção com cloro (DBPs e anomalias congênitas. Todos os estudos epidemiológicos que avaliaram a relação entre o índice de exposição a DBPs e o risco de anomalias congênitas foram analisados. Para todas as anomalias congênitas combinadas, a meta-análise resultou em um risco de excesso estatisticamente significante para alta versus baixa exposição à cloração da água ou ao TTHM (17%; 95% CI, 3-34 baseado em um pequeno número de estudos. A meta-análise também sugere um excesso de risco estatisticamente significante para defeitos septais ventriculares (58%; 95% CI, 21-107, porém com base em apenas três estudos, nos quais se encontrou pouca evidência na relação exposi

Relação entre as anomalias de TSM e qualidade potencial da uva na região nordeste do Rio Grande do Sul Relationship between oceanic indicators and potential quality of grape in the northeast region of Rio Grande do Sul

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Juliano Lisbôa Gruppelli

2008-03-01

Full Text Available Uma das culturas de grande importância para a economia do Rio Grande do Sul é a videira. Embora as produções de vinho, suco de uva e demais derivados da uva e do vinho também ocorreram em outras regiões, a maior concentração encontra-se na região nordeste do Rio Grande do Sul. Um dos principais fatores que influenciam na qualidade potencial da uva é a precipitação. Para a videira, influem não somente a quantidade total de chuvas, mas também sua distribuição ao longo do ciclo vegetativo. Por esses motivos, é de fundamental importância o estudo da precipitação na região nordeste do Estado. Dentre as variáveis pesquisadas que relacionam a variabilidade da precipitação, destaca-se a Temperatura da Superfície do Mar (TSM. Os objetivos principais deste trabalho são: identificar os padrões de anomalias da TSM dos oceanos Atlântico e Pacífico e suas relações na precipitação, na região nordeste do Rio Grande do Sul, nos meses de outubro a março. Dessa forma, procurou-se investigar a possibilidade de uma previsibilidade da precipitação com alguns meses de antecedência e, conseqüentemente, uma possível previsão da qualidade potencial da uva para aquela região. Os resultados mostraram que o primeiro padrão principal de sete áreas oceânicas apresentou correlação altamente significativa com a precipitação acumulada de janeiro e fevereiro nesta região e, conseqüentemente, uma correlação com a qualidade potencial da uva. Também ficou evidente a alta previsibilidade do padrão predominante nos meses de janeiro e fevereiro, a partir de anomalias da TSM média de outubro-novembro.One of the cultures of great importance for the economy of Rio Grande do Sul is the grapevine. Although the productions of wine, grape juice and other products derived from the grape and the wine also occur in other regions, the biggest concentration is found in the northeast region of Rio Grande do Sul. Among the main factors that

Receptores de estrógenos (ER E ER) e proteínas envolvidas no transporte transepitelial de cálcio na litíase epididimária de galos domésticos

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Andre Gustavo de Oliveira

2012-01-01

A litíase epididimária é uma anomalia caracterizada pela presença de cálculos ricos em cálcio na região epididimária de galos. Esta disfunção causa redução na fertilidade, tendo impacto negativo na avicultura. A causa da litíase não é conhecida, mas sabe-se que a formação de cálculos acomete principalmente os dúctulos eferentes, responsáveis pela reabsorção do fluido testicular e de cálcio. O transporte transepitelial de cálcio ocorre em etapas distintas que envolvem a entrada de cálcio na cé...

Habilidades funcionais de autocuidado, mobilidade e função social em crianças com fissura labiopalatina e Espectro Óculo-Aurículo-Vertebral (EOAV)

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Luciana Alves de Souza Carvalho

2016-01-01

As anomalias craniofaciais ocasionam comprometimentos estéticos e funcionais com grande impacto na saúde e na integração social da criança, com interferência no desenvolvimento global e social. Das anomalias craniofaciais este estudo abordou as Fissuras Labiopalatinas (FLP) e o Espectro Óculo Aurículo Vertebral (EOAV). As FLP constituem malformações resultantes de falta do fechamento completo dos tecidos que compõe o lábio e o palato. O EOAV, também conhecido como Síndrome de Goldenhar, é um...

Characteristics and distribution of dental anomalies in a Brazilian cleft population = Características e distribuição de anomalias dentárias em uma população brasileira de portadores de fissuras lábio-palatais

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Menezes, Luciane Macedo de

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: Determinar a prevalência de anomalias dentárias em 200 pacientes com fissura sob tratamento ortodôntico no Centro de Reabilitação Lábio-Palatal (CERLAP da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS. Metodologia: Os dados referentes à idade, raça, gênero, tipo de fissura (pré, trans ou pós-forame incisivo, lado afetado (uni ou bilateral, agenesias e supranumerários em ambas arcadas foram avaliados a partir da documentação ortodôntica constituída por radiografias panorâmicas, cefalométricas, oclusais e periapicais, modelos de estudo e fotografias intra e extrabucais obtidas no início do tratamento, fornecendo informações necessárias para diagnóstico de anomalias dentárias. Os dados coletados foram registrados em planilhas. Resultados: A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 13. 5 anos; 86% eram brancos; e 57% eram meninos. Fissuras transforame incisivo demonstraram-se mais frequentes (83%; o lado esquerdo foi mais afetado (48. 5%. Agenesias foram encontradas em 66. 5% dos pacientes. Incisivos laterais superiores foram os dentes mais ausentes (78. 5%. Supranumerários foram encontrados em 35. 5 % dos pacientes. Conclusão: Meninos demonstraram maior tendência a apresentar fissuras e a manifestar agenesias dentárias e supranumerários. As fissuras completas de lábio e palato prevaleceram e os incisivos laterais superiores foram os dentes mais ausentes. Os supranumerários localizaram-se distalmente à fissura na maioria dos casos

Ressonância magnética cardiovascular em veia cava inferior interrompida não prevista

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Andre Mauricio Fernandes

2012-02-01

Full Text Available A Veia Cava Inferior (VCI interrompida é uma anomalia rara. As anomalias da VCI são clinicamente importantes para os cardiologistas e radiologistas que pretendem intervir na cavidade cardíaca direita. Descrevemos três casos de interrupção da VCI diagnosticados por meio de estudo imaginológico de ressonância magnética cardíaca.

Estratégia para o tratamento cirúrgico das anomalias da conexão ventrículo-arterial com comunicação interventricular: surgical strategy Repair of anomalies of ventriculo-arterial connections

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José Caliani

1989-08-01

Full Text Available Designamos anomalias da conexão ventrículo-arterial toda a conexão que difere daquela de um coração normal. Dentro desta abordagem, não utilizamos os termos ventrículo direito ou esquerdo com dupla via de saída, Taussig-Bing e transposição das grandes artérias, quando estes estão associados a uma comunicação interventricular. Nestas anomalias, o objetivo da correção é o de conectar o ventrículo esquerdo com a aorta e o ventrículo direito com a artéria pulmonar. A estratégia que escolhemos é baseada na hipótese de que a correção mais simples é aquela que não exige a utilização de um tubo profético, a transferência de coronárias, ou a septação complexa da cavidade ventricular. Baseados na experiência de 162 correções para as anomalias da conexão ventrículo-arterial, em uma série de 197 pacientes, utilizamos três tipos de correção anatômica: a correção intraventricular (tunelização ventrículo esquerdo-aorta em 35 pacientes, o REV (tunelização ventrículo esquerdo-aorta associada a translocação do tronco pulmonar sobre o ventrículo direito em 78 pacientes, e a operação de Jatene associada ao fechamento da comunicação interventricular em 49 pacientes. O tipo de correção ideal é a correção intraventricular, na qual a simples tunelização ventrículo esquerdo-aorta estabelece uma conexão ventrículo-arterial normal. Quando a correção intraventricular não é possível, nós indicamos o REV em presença de estenose pulmonar e a operação de Jatene na ausência desta. A questão principal é saber quando uma correção intraventricular é realizável. A realização desta é função da distância entre a valva tricúspide e a valva pulmonar. Se esta distância é suficientemente grande (igual ou superior ao diâmetro do orifício aórtico, o túnel intraventricular é realizável; se não, outra modalidade de correção é indicada. Nossa experiência atual sugere que a exploração pr

CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA REDE DE DRENAGEM NA PORÇÃO LESTE DA ILHA DO MARAJÓ E IMPLICAÇÕES TECTÔNICAS

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Lena Simone Barata Souza

2011-11-01

Full Text Available A análise de bacias de drenagem, combinada com dados de sensoriamento remoto e cartográficos, fornece informações significantes para o reconhecimento de lineamentos morfoestruturais e para a detecção de feições tectônicas com expressão na paisagem atual. Este procedimento foi aplicado no estudo de três bacias de drenagem do leste da Ilha do Marajó, correspondentes aos rios Arari, Camará e Paracauari. Todas estas bacias mostram evidências de anomalias morfoestruturais, incluindo-se principalmente: mudanças rápidas no padrão de drenagem dentro de uma mesma bacia, variando de treliça, retangular, multibacinal a subparalelo; canais retilíneos comumente conectados em ângulos retos; canais fortemente sinuosos que se tornam retilíneos; meandros localizados; e bacias altamente assimétricas. Anomalias de drenagem, consistindo em frequentes desvios de direção formando ângulos retos e meandros isolados e comprimidos, são também reconhecidas na paleodrenagem preservada neste setor da ilha. Com base na densidade dos lineamentos estruturais, pode-se reconhecer dois compartimentos morfoestruturais. O compartimento I é localizado na porção centro-leste da área de estudo, onde ocorre densidade de lineamento alta com duas direções preferenciais para NW-SE e NE-SW. O compartimento II, correspondente ao restante da área, apresenta densidade de lineamentos variando entre muito baixa a média e com orientação principal para NE-SW. As características morfoestruturais dos sistemas de drenagem atual e pretérita permitem sugerir área com forte controle tectônico. A deformação tectônica pode refletir reativação de falhas de direções principais NW-SE e NE-SW, melhor registradas no compartimento I.

Exposure to misoprostol and hormones during pregnancy and risk of congenital anomalies Exposição ao misoprostol e hormônios durante a gravidez e risco de anomalia congênita

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Tatiane da Silva Dal Pizzol

2008-06-01

Full Text Available This study evaluated the association between use of misoprostol and other drugs to induce menstruation, and congenital anomalies. A sample of 4,856 pregnant women 20 years and older were enrolled consecutively in prenatal services in the Unified National Health System, in six Brazilian State capitals. Data on socio-demographics and use of medicines were obtained using an interview from the 21st to 28th week of pregnancy. Other data, including information on delivery and diagnosis of congenital anomalies by the attending neonatal physician were obtained from patient charts. Potential confounders were adjusted by logistic regression. Use of drugs to induce menstruation was reported by 707 women (14.6%, of whom 120 (17% reported use of misoprostol. After adjusting for the study center, a positive association was observed between misoprostol and congenital anomalies (OR = 2.64; 95%CI: 1.03-6.75; a positive association was also observed for sex hormones (OR = 2.24; 95%CI: 1.06-4.74. The results suggest that the use of misoprostol or sex hormones during pregnancy increases the risk of congenital anomalies.Este estudo avalia a associação do uso do misoprostol e de outros produtos utilizados para induzir a menstruação com anomalia congênita. Foram arroladas consecutivamente 4.856 mulheres com vinte anos de idade ou mais, procedentes de serviços de pré-natal do Sistema Único de Saúde em seis capitais brasileiras. Dados sócio-demográficos e o uso de medicamentos foram obtidos por meio de entrevista, entre a 21ª e a 28ª semanas de gestação. Outros dados, incluindo informações sobre o parto e o diagnóstico de anomalia congênita, realizado pelo médico que assistiu o recém-nascido, foram obtidos no prontuário. Potenciais confundidores foram ajustados por meio de regressão logística. O uso de produtos para induzir a menstruação foi relatado por 707 gestantes (14,6%, das quais 120 (17% referiram-se ao misoprostol. Após ajustamento

O Flúor nas águas subterrâneas da Formação Santa Maria, na região de Santa Cruz do Sul e Venâncio Aires, RS, Brasil

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Maria Paula Casagrande Marimon

2006-01-01

Concentrações de fluoreto, até 11 mg L-1, têm sido detectadas no aqüífero da Formação Santa Maria, Sistema Aqüífero Guarani, na região central do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. As águas subterrâneas são utilizadas para abastecimento público e levaram a incidência de fluorose dental. Esta área é a maior produtora de tabaco no Brasil, com uma longa história de aplicação de fertilizantes. Duas hipóteses são investigadas na busca de elucidar a origem das anomalias de flúor, a primeira, se r...

Evidências de Anomalias Ósseas em Stahleckeria potens Huene, 1935 (Therapsida, Anomodontia.

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Cibele Schwanke

2007-07-01

Full Text Available Os dicinodontes representam um grupo de tetrápodes herbívoros amplamente registrado em rochas sedimentares do Permiano Superior eTriássico. Uma das espécies mais instigantes é Stahleckeria potens Huene 1935, uma forma de porte avantajado cujos fósseis, até o momento, foram registrados unicamente em sedimentos mesotriássicos da Formação Santa Maria (Bacia do Paraná, Brasil. Nos últimos anos, novos materiais atribuídos a S. potens têm sido identificadosaumentando consideravelmente o conhecimento da morfologia da espécie. A análise comparativa de dois fêmures esquerdos depositados no Museu de Ciências da Terra (DNPM/RJ evidenciam anormalidadesósseas significativas (DGM 155-R e DGM- 399-R, aqui apresentadas preliminarmente e sugestivamente associadas a patologias. O espécime DGM 399- R caracteriza-se por apresentar uma acentuada depressão na região da epífise distal. Esta depressão localiza-se na face anterior do osso, lateralmente posicionada e possui um formato grosseiramente circular, criando uma espécie de platô nesta região,acompanhada por um leve deslocamento ósseo. Em oposição, na face posterior do osso, há um pequeno sulco de formato claramente semicircular, onde são visualizadas cerca de sete pequenas perfurações rasas, que demonstram certa regularidade, porémsem formato definido. Tais feições sugerem que as alterações ósseas presentes no espécime possam estar associadas a lesões ou traumas decorrentes de diversos fatores. Embora não observado claramente,há evidências de cicatrização local, hipótese que vem sendo analisada mais detalhadamente a partir da utilização de técnicas de maior precisão e resolução, como tomografia computadorizada e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. A ocorrência de uma extensaregião marcada pela presença de estrutura óssea irregular, diferente do padrão normal linear, pode ser interpretada como decorrente de remodelação do periósteo, resultante de um

Hematology, micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities in fishes from São Francisco river, Minas Gerais state, Brazil = Hematologia, micronúcleos e anomalias nucleares em peixes do rio São Francisco, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil

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Robson Seriani

2011-01-01

Full Text Available This study aimed to determine the variables leukocytary, erythrocytary, frequency of micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities in peripheral erythrocytes of Prochilodus argenteus, Pimelodus maculatus and Myleus micans from São Francisco river basin, Minas Gerais State, during the summer and winter. Thrombocytes, hematocrit and leukocyte of P.argenteus series, was influenced by climatic conditions. In P. maculatus, not were significant differences for all leukocytes and thrombocytes. In M. micans, values are unprecedented in the literature, with MCV and absolute number of leukocytes found superior to other species of the family Characidae. The frequency of micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities in erythrocytes, the three species not showed seasonal differences between the sites. However, the highest values were found in summer. Furthermore, we observed a positive correlation between the increase in the percentage of micronuclei with nuclear abnormalities.O presente estudo teve como objetivo, determinar as variáveis leucocitárias, eritrocíticas, freqüência de micronúcleos e anomaliasnucleares nos eritrócitos do sangue periférico de Prochilodus argenteus, Pimelodus maculatus e Myleus micans de um trecho da bacia do rio São Francisco, Minas Gerais, no verão e inverno. Trombóctios, hematócrito e a serie leucocítária de P.argenteus, foi influenciado pela sazonalidade. Em P. maculatus, não ocorreram diferenças significativas para todos os leucócitos e trombócitos. Em M. micans, os valores são inéditos na literatura, apresentando VCM e número absoluto de leucócitos superior ao encontrados para outras espécies dafamília Characidae. A freqüência de micronúcleos e de anomalias nucleares nos eritrócitos, nas três espécies não apresentou diferenças sazonais e entre os pontos amostrais. No entanto, os valores mais altos foram encontrados no verão. Além disso, foi possível observar correlação positiva entre o aumento da

A anomalia democrática: adolescência e romantismo na história política

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Santos Wanderley Guilherme dos

1998-01-01

Full Text Available Organizações políticas democráticas são fenômenos recentes na história política, mesmo se observarmos sua definição minimalista: eleições regulares com garantia de respeito aos resultados e direito de voto universal, com requisito mínimo de idade. Tendo por origem concepção especial do valor do indivíduo, os sistemas democráticos contemporâneos não só ainda não resolveram, como procuram ocultar um problema fundamental: a autonomia dos irredentos. O poder democrático também é ameaça constante à liberdade.

ANÁLISE MORFOESTRUTURAL DA BACIA DO RIBEIRÃO ÁGUA DAS ANTAS – PR

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Karine Bueno Vargas

2015-09-01

Full Text Available A bacia hidrográfica do ribeirão Água das Antas localiza-se no centro norte do estado do Paraná, tendo seu maior domínio do município de Grandes Rios, na transição do Segundo para o Terceiro Planalto Paranaense. Está modelada sobre as litoestruturas das Formações Rio do Rasto, Pirambóia, Botucatu e Serra Geral da Bacia Sedimentar do Paraná. No presente artigo são identificadas e interpretadas as anomalias de drenagem na referida bacia, a partir da aplicação de índices morfométricos e de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto e geoprocessamento para a confecção de anomalias da área de estudo. As anomalias de drenagem correspondem a anormalidades ou irregularidades decorrentes principalmente de processos morfoestruturais e morfotectônicos. Os índices morfométricos utilizados, como fator de assimetria da bacia, fator de simetria topográfico transversal e relação declividade-extensão, apresentaram dados satisfatórios, com a identificação de alto índice de assimetrias na bacia. Por meio da fotointerpretação foram identificados curvaturas anômalas, segmentos retilíneos, erosões ativas, zona de abandono de drenagem, drenagens radiais e sub-radiais e tendência de migração do canal, as quais são consideradas anomalias. Devido à forte assimetria do canal, a bacia do ribeirão Água das Antas foi analisada à luz de zonas morfoestruturais, geradas pelo desnivelamento de blocos de falhas, sendo possível verificar a atuação da tectônica recente que afetou a rede de drenagem.

Anomalias ósseas congênitas em Sotalia guianensis (Mammalia, Cetacea, Delphinidae da costa centro-norte do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Congenital bone defects in Guiana dolphin, Sotalia guianensis (Mammalia, Cetacea, Delphinidae in the northcentral coast of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

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Maíra Laeta

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Carcaças de botos-cinza Sotalia guianensis (van Bénéden, 1864 foram recuperadas entre 20 de agosto de 2001 e 13 de fevereiro de 2006, na costa centro-norte fluminense. A maior parte delas (85% entre Barra de São João (22º35'S 41º59'W e Quissamã (22º06'S 41º28'W. Foram estudadas as colunas vertebrais dos 20 exemplares que apresentavam mais de 60% das vértebras presentes. A coleção é formada por 75% de animais imaturos, e todos os esqueletos mostram alterações tafonômicas mínimas. Duas categorias de anomalias congênitas foram diagnosticadas, ambas relacionadas ao desenvolvimento do mesoderma paraxial. A sétima vértebra cervical (C7 foi a única afetada, as costelas cervicais e o não fechamento do arco neural atingiram 15 (75% dos indivíduos analisados, dos quais três (15% apresentam ambas as anomalias. Nove (45% indivíduos apresentaram costelas cervicais uni ou bilateral, e nove (45% indivíduos apresentaram não fechamento do arco neural; em todos os casos as vértebras contíguas eram normais. A ocorrência de anomalias nesta série do Rio de Janeiro é maior do que as referidas na literatura brasileira para outras séries de Sotalia do Amazonas, Ceará e Santa Catarina. A série de Sotalia descrita vem de uma região do litoral muito limitada e provavelmente representa uma população local. As costelas cervicais são geneticamente determinadas e podem estar concentradas por uma condição de grande proximidade biológica entre os animais; o não fechamento do arco pode ter também um componente ambiental, a ser investigado futuramente.Carcasses of Guiana dolphins, Sotalia guianensis (van Bénéden, 1864 were recovered from August 20, 2001 to February 13, 2006 along the north-central coast of Rio de Janeiro state. Most of the animals (85% were found between Barra de São João (22º35'S 41º59'W and Quissamã (22º06'S 41º28'W. We studied the vertebral columns of all the 20 specimens that had more than 60% of the

ANÁLISE DE PADRÕES E DE ANOMALIAS DE DRENAGEM DA PORÇÃO MÉDIA DA BACIA DO RIO TIBAGI (PR

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Idjarrury Gomes Firmino

2017-03-01

Full Text Available A porção média da bacia do rio Tibagi está localizada entre os municípios de Tibagi (PR e Telêmaco Borba (PR. A região compreende a borda planáltica da Bacia Sedimentar do Paraná e é o local por onde se projeta parte do eixo do Arco de Ponta Grossa. O objetivo principal desta pesquisa é a análise dos tipos de padrões e a identificação de anomalias de drenagem e de seus significados. A análise da rede de drenagem desta área permitiu identificar um predomínio de 68% do padrão treliça e subtipos, o que sugere que os rios possuem um forte controle estrutural por parte das falhas da Zona de Falha Curitiba-Maringá, alinhadas no sentido NW-SE e um sistema secundário de falhas e juntas no sentido NE-SW. A baixa sinuosidade para rios de primeira e segunda ordem, a angularidade média da rede de canais (maioria 90º, o predomínio de lineações e a tropia bidirecional também são fortes indicativos deste tipo de controle. A densidade de drenagem maior para as vertentes dos canais principais sugere um aprofundamento das vertentes em um processo de ascensão. As anomalias de drenagem identificadas (inflexões, alinhamentos, curvas fluviais comprimidas, planícies e terraços assimétricos estão relacionadas ao cruzamento de segmentos retilíneos e aos diques de diabásio. A análise da rede e de suas propriedades também permitiu setorizar áreas com controles distintos, como no reverso da escarpa, onde predomina o controle da atitude das camadas da Formação Furnas e da reentrância do Arco de Ponta Grossa.

ABORDAGEM DIAGNÓSTICA DA SÍNDROME DE WILLIAMS - BEUREN.

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Santos, Marina Machado

2016-01-01

As anomalias cromossômicas causam fenótipos específicos e complexos resultantes de desequilíbrios na dose normal de genes localizados em um segmento cromossômico específico, sendo responsáveis por 60 % ou mais das síndromes genéticas identificáveis. A Síndrome de Williams-Beuren (SWB) caracteriza-se por anomalias múltiplas e deficiência intelectual, descrita independentemente por Williams et al. (1961) e por Beuren et al. (1962). A SWB consiste em uma doença genética causada pela microdeleção...

Chocolate das bagas e clorose foliar: anomalia da videira causada por deficiência de boro Internal browning ("chocolate" and leaf chlorosis of the 'pink Niagara' grafe, a boron deficiency anomaly

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Hugo Kuniyuki

1985-01-01

Full Text Available A anomalia do cultivar de videira Niagara Rosada, caracterizada por sintomas de clorose nas folhas, chocolate das bagas e cachos malformados, não é de natureza virótica, de acordo com resultados de testes de transmissão e de perpetuação. Essa anomalia, presente em áreas definidas de alguns vinhedos de Indaiatuba e Jundiaí (SP, está associada à deficiência nutricional de boro. O teor médio de boro em amostras de plantas afetadas de 'Niagara Rosada' (18 ppm no limbo e 7 ppm nos frutos foi menor do que nas de plantas normais (24 ppm no limbo e 10 ppm nos frutos das mesmas plantaçoes; um material coletado de um vinhedo bastante afetado mostrou 13 e 1 ppm respectivamente no limbo e nos frutos de plantas deficientes contra 20 e 6 ppm nos de plantas sem sintomas. Amostras de três vinhedos vizinhos sem essa anomalia apresentaram um teor médio de 35 ppm no limbo. As do porta-enxerto 'Traviú' com clorose e sem clorose mostraram 16 ppm e 43 ppm de boro respectivamente. A aplicação de bórax, nas doses de 5, 10 e 20g por planta, 1ogo após a poda de inverno, ou pulverização de ácido bórico nas concentraçoes de 0,3% e 0,6% sobre a folhagem, durante o início do florescimento e durante a fase de uva chumbinho, permitiram controlar a anomalia nas condições de campo. Foi notada resposta favorável por um ciclo vegetativo, pelo menos, indicando controle por efeito residual de uma aplicação.The 'pink Niagara' grape (V. labrusca L. x V. vinifera L. anomaly characterized by leaf chlorosis and "chocolate" (internal browning of the young fruit, at first thought to be a virus disease, has been found to be a result of boron deficiency. The anomaly was first recorded in 1974. It occurs in patches in vineyards of Indaiatuba and Jundiaí, two grape-growing counties of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Affected plants show yellowing between the primary and secondary veins of the upper leaves and malformed clusters, with normal-sized berries and

Suffering eases over time: the experience of families in the care of children with congenital anomalies El sufrimiento amenizado con el tiempo: la experiencia de la familia en el cuidado del niño con anomalía congénita O sofrimento amenizado com o tempo: a experiência da família no cuidado da criança com anomalia congênita

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Cristiana Araújo Guiller

2009-08-01

foram utilizados como referenciais teórico e metodológico, respectivamente. A coleta dos dados foi realizada com oito famílias de crianças com anomalia congênita, utilizando-se a entrevista semiestruturada e observação participante. A análise dos dados foi conduzida até à codificação axial. Como resultados, foram evidenciados dois fenômenos na experiência da família ao cuidar da criança com anomalia congênita - deparando-se com uma experiência inicialmente difícil e tendo o sofrimento amenizado com o tempo. Conclui-se que a compreensão dessa vivência oferece subsídios importantes para se repensar a assistência de enfermagem à família no cuidar da criança com anomalia congênita.

Análise do regime hídrico de Patos-PB por meio do Índice de Anomalia de Chuvas (IAC

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M. F. A. Alves

2015-12-01

Full Text Available A seca é um fenômeno natural que o ser humano não consegue impedir que ocorra. Nesse sentido, a presente pesquisa tem por objetivo, analisar o comportamento do regime hídrico do município de Patos interior da Paraíba, no período de 1994 a 2009 utilizando o IAC. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, realizou-se um levantamento pluviométrico de 15 anos obtidos no site da Agência Executiva de Gestão das Águas da Paraíba (AESA de 1994 a 2009. Os dados foram disponibilizados em planilha eletrônica do Microsoft Excel com informações diárias, mensais e anuais e por último foi analisado o comportamento das precipitações através do Índice de Anomalia de Chuva (IAC, que é bastante simples e empregado para avaliação dos períodos secos ou úmidos. Pelo o estudo observou-se que apenas 2009 apresentou um mês (abril, como extremamente úmido e os demais anos foram classificados como muito úmidos, úmidos e secos. O ano mais seco foi 1998 que apresentou anomalias negativas de fevereiro a maio, seguido de 1999 com anomalias negativas em fevereiro e abril do período chuvoso. Dos resultados se percebe que as principais chuvas que ocorrem sob a região estudada caem sobre a terra de forma mal distribuída e irregular, e que o índice pluviométrico da região, se comparado com outras regiões áridas do planeta, o semiárido paraibano é um dos que mais chove em todo mundo, deixando claro que a falta de água que assola os nordestinos são decorrentes das características das chuvas. Percebe-se que apenas 2009 apresentou mês tido como extremamente úmido e isso não é caraterístico da região, devendo-se, sobretudo a modelos de estabilização da atmosfera por eventos meteorológicos que provocaram as chuvas fora do período chuvoso de Patos. Analysis of water regime of Patos-PB through Rainfall Anomaly Index (RAIAbstract: Drought is a natural phenomenon that humans can't prevent that from occurring. In this sense, this research aims

Anesthesia in a child operated for cleft lip associated with Patau's syndrome

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Manoj Kamal

2018-03-01

Full Text Available Patients with Patau's syndrome (Trisomy 13 have multiple craniofacial, cardiac, neurological and renal anomalies with very less life expectancy. Among craniofacial anomalies cleft lip and palate are common. These craniofacial and cardiac anomalies present difficulties with anesthesia. We therefore describe the anesthetic management in the case of a Trisomy 13 child for operated for cleft lip at 10 months of age. Resumo: Os pacientes com síndrome de Patau (trissomia 13 apresentam várias anomalias craniofaciais, cardíacas, neurológicas e renais, com expectativa de vida bem menor. Entre as anomalias craniofaciais, o lábio leporino e a fenda palatina são comuns. Essas anomalias craniofaciais e cardíacas apresentam dificuldades na anestesia. Portanto, descrevemos o manejo anestésico em uma criança de 10 meses de idade com Trissomia 13 submetida à cirurgia de lábio leporino. Keywords: Patau's syndrome, Cleft lip, Cleft palate, Paediatric anesthesia, Palavras-chave: Síndrome de Patau, Lábio leporino, Fenda palatina, Anestesia pediátrica

Síndrome de Rubinstein-Taybi: anomalias físicas, manifestações clínicas e avaliação auditiva

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Martins Regina H. G.

2003-01-01

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: A Síndrome de Rubinstein-Taybi foi descrita pela primeira vez em 1963, após a observação dos traços físicos semelhantes apresentados por sete crianças com retardo mental, baixa estatura, polegares grandes e largos e anomalias faciais. Mais tarde, novas publicações definiram outras características dessa síndrome, a qual incide em 1 a cada 300.000 nascidos e apresenta etiologia incerta. Sintomas otorrinolaringológicos e fonoaudiológicos são freqüentes, daí a importância de melhor conhecimento dessa síndrome por esses especialistas. RELATO DE CASO: Apresentamos as principais manifestações clínicas, traços físicos e as avaliações auditivas de cinco crianças portadoras da Síndrome de Rubinstein-Taybi, em atendimento na Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (UNESP. Para as avaliações auditivas foram realizados exames de audiometria tonal, imitanciometria e potenciais evocados do tronco encefálico (BERA. As principais características observadas foram: retardo mental, baixa estatura, polegares largos, pirâmide nasal alta, palato ogival, má oclusão dentária, atraso no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor e de linguagem. DISCUSSÃO: Os traços físicos característicos dos portadores dessa síndrome facilitam o diagnóstico, e muitos deles são responsáveis por sintomas otorrinolaringológicos e fonoaudiológicos, como infeções de vias aéreas superiores, obstrução nasal, otites médias, hipertrofia adenoamigdaliana, surdez condutiva, hipotonia perioral e disfagia. O importante comprometimento cognitivo é responsável pelo atraso no desenvolvimento da linguagem e pelo baixo rendimento escolar. CONCLUSÕES: Frente às várias manifestações otorrinolaringológicas e fonoaudiológicas apresentadas pelas crianças portadoras da Síndrome de Rubinstein-Taybi, torna-se necessário que esses especialistas conheçam melhor essa síndrome para que possam fazer o diagnóstico precoce e orientar o tratamento dessas

Evitando o legado da doença renal - Foco na infância

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Julie R Ingelfinger

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Resumo O Dia Mundial do Rim de 2016 estará focado na doença renal na infância e os antecedentes da doença renal no adulto ,que pode começar na mais tenra infância. A doença renal crônica (DRC na infância é diferente daquela dos adultos, como o maior grupo de diagnóstico entre as crianças inclui anomalias congênitas e doenças hereditárias, com glomerulopatias e doença renal com diabetes sendo relativamente incomum. Além disso, muitas crianças com lesão renal aguda acabarão por desenvolver sequelas que podem levar à hipertensão e doença renal crônica mais tarde na infância ou na idade adulta. As crianças nascidas precoces ou aquelas que nascem pequenas para a idade gestacional têm relativamente maior risco de desenvolver DRC mais tarde na vida. As pessoas com parto de alto risco e história no início da infância devem ser acompanhadas de perto, a fim de se detectar sinais precoces da doença renal em tempo hábil, para submetê-las à prevenção ou tratamento eficaz. O tratamento pode ser bem-sucedido para DRC avançada na infância; há evidência de que as crianças se saem bem melhor do que os adultos, se receberem terapia de substituição renal, incluindo diálise e transplante, enquanto que apenas uma minoria das crianças podem necessitar desse último. Uma vez que existem disparidades no acesso aos cuidados de saúde, é necessário um esforço de modo a que as crianças com doença renal, onde quer que morem, possam ser tratadas de forma eficaz, independentemente das suas circunstâncias geográficas ou econômicas. Nossa esperança é que o Dia Mundial do Rim, leve informação ao público em geral, aos formuladores de políticas públicas e cuidadores sobre as necessidades e possibilidades que cercam a doença renal na infância.

Relação entre as anomalias de TSM e qualidade potencial da uva na região nordeste do Rio Grande do Sul

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Gruppelli,Juliano Lisbôa; Marques,Julio Renato; Diniz,Gilberto Barbosa

2008-01-01

Uma das culturas de grande importância para a economia do Rio Grande do Sul é a videira. Embora as produções de vinho, suco de uva e demais derivados da uva e do vinho também ocorreram em outras regiões, a maior concentração encontra-se na região nordeste do Rio Grande do Sul. Um dos principais fatores que influenciam na qualidade potencial da uva é a precipitação. Para a videira, influem não somente a quantidade total de chuvas, mas também sua distribuição ao longo do ciclo vegetativo. Por e...

Correlação entre as Temperaturas da Superfície do Mar e a quantidade da precipitação na estação chuvosa no Nordeste do estado de Pernambuco Correlation between Sea Surface Temperature and index of rain in the rainy station in the Northeast of the Pernambuco State

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Ana Paula Nunes Silva

2011-03-01

Full Text Available O principal objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar o quanto a precipitação no nordeste do Estado de Pernambuco é devido à anomalias de Temperatura da Superfície do Mar (ATSM do oceano Atlântico e do Pacífico. Para tanto, utilizou-se os totais mensais de precipitação registrados em 15 postos pluviométricos, distribuídos espacialmente ao longo da região estudada dos anos de 1963 a 1992, e ATSM extraídas da versão do Comprehensive Ocean-Atmospheric Data Set (COADS de 1945 a 1993. Verificou-se que a região estudada possui uma forte correlação positiva com a área de estudo da Bacia do Atlântico Sul, e uma correlação negativa com a Bacia do Pacífico Equatorial. Entretanto, as anomalias na temperatura das águas superficiais da região do Atlântico, por estar adjacente a área analisada, apresentam uma correlação mais forte, ao mesmo nível de significância, que as anomalias do Pacífico. Os resultados mostram que um aquecimento anômalo nesta área do Atlântico pode causar eventos extremos de chuva na costa leste do Nordeste.The main objective of this work is to evaluate how much the rain on the northeast of the Pernambuco State is due to the Sea Surface Temperature anomalies (SSTA of Atlantic and Pacific Ocean. Accumulated monthly rain data registered at 15 rain gauges distributed throughout the studied region during the period from 1963 to 1992 and the 1945 to 1993 SSTA series extracted from the version of Comprehensive Ocean-Atmospheric Data Set (COADS were used. It was verified that the studied region presents a strong positive correlation with the study area of the South Atlantic Basin and a negative correlation with the Equatorial Pacific Basin. However, the SSTA in the Atlantic region showed a stronger correlation compared to the correlation in the Pacific at the same significance level. This might be due to the proximity of the Atlantic analyzed area. It is suggested that an anomalous heating on this Atlantic area may

Importância da visão binocular no desempenho da leitura em crianças

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Lança, Carla Costa

2012-01-01

Objectivos do estudo: 1) identificar os movimentos oculares envolvidos na leitura e (2) descrever a influência das anomalias da visão binocular no desempenho da leitura em crianças. Metodologia: estudo descritivo baseado numa revisão de literatura. Foi efetuada uma pesquisa de referências publicadas até 2011, acessíveis através da PubMed, da Science Direct e de outras fontes adicionais. Os seguintes termos foram utilizados na pesquisa: binocular vision AND reading; ocular mo...

Central nervous system abnormalities on midline facial defects with hypertelorism detected by magnetic resonance image and computed tomography Anomalias de sistema nervoso central em defeitos de linha média facial com hipertelorismo detectados por ressonância magnética e tomografia computadorizada

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Vera Lúcia Gil-da-Silva-Lopes

2006-12-01

Full Text Available The aim of this study were to describe and to compare structural central nervous system (CNS anomalies detected by magnetic resonance image (MRI and computed tomography (CT in individuals affected by midline facial defects with hypertelorism (MFDH isolated or associated with multiple congenital anomalies (MCA. The investigation protocol included dysmorphological examination, skull and facial X-rays, brain CT and/or MRI. We studied 24 individuals, 12 of them had an isolated form (Group I and the others, MCA with unknown etiology (Group II. There was no significative difference between Group I and II and the results are presented in set. In addition to the several CNS anomalies previously described, MRI (n=18 was useful for detection of neuronal migration errors. These data suggested that structural CNS anomalies and MFDH seem to have an intrinsic embryological relationship, which should be taken in account during the clinical follow-up.Este estudo objetivou descrever e comparar as anomalias estruturais do sistema nervoso central (SNC detectadas por meio de ressonância magnética (RM e tomografia computadorizada (TC de crânio em indivíduos com defeitos de linha média facial com hipertelorismo (DLMFH isolados ou associados a anomalias congênitas múltiplas (ACM. O protocolo de investigação incluiu exame dismorfológico, RX de crânio e face, CT e RM de crânio. Foram estudados 24 indivíduos, sendo que 12 apresentavam a forma isolada (Grupo I e os demais, DLMFH com ACM de etiologia não esclarecida (Grupo II. Não houve diferença entre os dois grupos e os resultados foram agrupados. Além de várias anomalias de SNC já descritas, a RM foi útil para detecção de erros de migração neuronal. Os dados sugerem que as alterações estruturais de SNC e os DLMFH têm relação embriológica, o que deve ser levado em conta durante o seguimento clínico.

BIORREGULADORES NA MORFOLOGIA E NA PRODUTIVIDADE DE FRUTOS DE TOMATEIRO CULTIVAR ÂNGELA GIGANTE

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MARTINS MARIA BERNARDETE GONÇALVES

1997-01-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho teve como finalidade observar aspectos morfológicos dos frutos de tomateiro, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Ângela Gigante, submetidos à ação de biorreguladores, com ou sem adubação adicional, e determinar as possíveis alterações na produtividade. Foram desenvolvidos, em casa de vegetação, em épocas distintas, dois ensaios. As mudas foram selecionadas e transplantadas para vasos com capacidade de 12 L de terra, contendo uma mistura de solo argiloso, areia, matéria orgânica e uma adubação mineral complementar de N, P, K. No segundo ensaio, após o transplante das mudas, além da adubação mineral complementar de N, P, K, efetuaram-se adubações adicionais (fertirrigação. Em ambos os ensaios, quando as plantas atingiram quatro folhas definitivas, realizaram-se as pulverizações com GA3 50 mg/L; NAA 100 mg/L; CCC 1.500 mg/L e SADH 3.000 mg/L. Realizaram-se, nos dois ensaios, quatro coletas de frutos maduros por planta. De modo geral, para o primeiro, o tratamento com CCC mostrou tendência em aumentar o número e a massa total de frutos por planta em relação à testemunha e aos demais tratamentos, enquanto o tratamento com NAA obteve efeito contrário. O ensaio com fertirrigação adicional não provocou alterações significativas na produção de frutos; no entanto, no tratamento com SADH, ocorreu maior incidência de anomalias. O tratamento com GA3 ocasionou, em alguns frutos, a maturação precoce da placenta em relação ao pericarpo e eventuais formações de frutos geminados. Não se observaram diferenças morfológicas significativas em relação ao comprimento e ao diâmetro médio de frutos provenientes do primeiro ensaio, porém frutos de plantas tratadas com CCC e de plantas testemunha, provindos do segundo ensaio, mostraram maior diâmetro.

ANOMALIE RESUDUE E DERIVATE SECONDE NELLA INTERPRETAZIONE DEI DATI GRAMIMETRICI

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G. TRIBALTO

1956-06-01

Full Text Available L'eliminazione dell'effetto del campo gravimetrico regionale dall'anomalia
di Bouguer è uno dei problemi più discussi nell'interpretazione
dei rilevamenti geofisici.
Esso consiste nel decomporre l'anomalia di Bouguer nelle sue due
parti componenti, anomalia residua ed anomalia regionale, allo scopo
di individuare le strutture locali.
L'anomalia regionale è dovuta all'effetto delle strutture profonde
e di grande estensione; le curve isoanomale relative a tale campo hanno
generalmente un andamento regolare e quindi un gradiente non
variabile rapidamente.

Impacto de perfis de rádio ocultação GNSS na qualidade das Previsões de tempo do CPTEC/INPE

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Luiz Fernando Sapucci

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Estudos sobre a sensibilidade dos modelos de previsão numérica de tempo a erros nas condições iniciais têm evidenciado a contribuição da assimilação de dados na melhoria do desempenho dos mesmos em descrever o estado futuro da atmosfera. Entre outras fontes de dados, a assimilação de perfis atmosféricos obtidos por rádio ocultação Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS tem-se destacado como uma ferramenta adicional na redução das deficiências do sistema de coleta de dados meteorológicos. Com o intuito de explorar os benefícios dessa fonte adicional de dados na previsão numérica de tempo gerada pelo modelo de circulação geral atmosférico do CPTEC/INPE, foram realizados experimentos assimilando perfis atmosféricos de altura geopotencial e umidade obtidos por rádio ocultação GNSS, utilizando dados da constelação Constellation Observing System for Meteorology Ionosphere & Climate (COSMIC, para os meses de janeiro e julho de 2009. Os resultados mostraram que o impacto é significativamente positivo durante o verão em todas as variáveis de estado, com ganhos expressivos na extensão das previsões válidas (coeficiente de correlação de anomalia acima de 60%, os quais foram em alguns casos superiores a 48 horas. Esse impacto foi ainda maior sobre a América do Sul com resultados positivos mesmo durante o inverno.

Anomalias e variações na fórmula dentária em morcegos do gênero Artibeus Leach (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae Anomalies and variation in the dental formula of bats of the genus Artibeus Leach (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae

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Ana Maria Rui

2004-09-01

Full Text Available Descreve-se a ocorrência e analisa-se as causas de anomalias dentárias em Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818 e A. fimbriatus Gray, 1838 (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae provenientes de populações do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, sul do Brasil. São discutidas, com base no material examinado e em ampla revisão da literatura, as variações quanto à presença dos terceiros molares superior e inferior entre diferentes espécies de Artibeus Leach, 1821. Foram analisados 104 crânios de A. lituratus e 44 de A. fimbriatus quanto à fórmula dentária. Em A. lituratus ocorreram dois casos de dentes extranumerários, um incisivo superior e um terceiro molar superior direito, e um de agênese dentária dos terceiros molares inferiores. Em A. fimbriatus constatou-se a ocorrência de um segundo pré-molar superior direito extranumerário. As ocorrências do terceiro molar superior em A. lituratus e do segundo pré-molar superior em A. fimbriatus são casos de atavismos. Em Artibeus (Artibeus ocorrem variações quanto à presença do terceiro molar superior, de maior ou menor intensidade, em praticamente todas as espécies. Estas variações ocorrem tanto a nível intrapopulacional quanto geográfico. Já o terceiro molar inferior está ausente em baixa freqüência em várias populações de diferentes espécies. Os terceiros molares superiores e inferiores estão em processo de desaparecimento na linhagem dos Artibeus (Artibeus. O fato destes dentes já não ocorrerem em algumas espécies, terem ocorrência variável em outras e serem sempre estruturas reduzidas e simplificadas, sem função na mastigação, são indicativos deste processo evolutivo. A variação intensa observada quanto à ocorrência do terceiro molar superior inviabiliza o seu uso como caráter útil na identificação de espécies.This paper describes and analyzes the causes of dental formula anomalies in the bats Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818 and Artibeus fimbriatus Gray, 1838

Síndrome de Moebius associada a artrogripose: relato de caso e revisão da literatura

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Moreira,Ana Tereza Ramos; Teixeira,Sueli; Ruthes,Hilton Iran; Miranda,André Basso; Guerra,Daniel Roncaglio

2001-01-01

Os autores descrevem um caso de síndrome de Moebius associada a artogripose múltipla congênita, uma situação rara, sem relatos prévios na literatura latino-americana. A síndrome de Moebius é caracterizada por paralisia dos VII e VI pares cranianos, geralmente associada a outras anomalias ósseas e musculares, mais freqüentemente localizadas na parte distal das extremidades. A artrogripose múltipla congênita consiste de um grupo heterogêneo de alterações, sendo caracterizada por extrema rigidez...

Impacto do monitoramento telefônico de gestantes na prevalência da prematuridade e análise dos fatores de risco associados em Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brasil

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Rogerio Antonio Tuon

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Resumo: Objetivou-se verificar o impacto do monitoramento telefônico na prevalência da prematuridade e identificar os fatores de risco associados ao parto prematuro através de estudo transversal, de universo de gestantes monitoradas nos anos de 2010, 2011 e 2012 (n = 2.739. Utilizou-se estimação de modelos de regressão logística múltipla hierarquizada, considerando permanência no modelo p ≤ 0,05. A prevalência de prematuridade foi de 8,34% nas gestantes monitoradas e de 10,18% nas não monitoradas (p = 0,0058, sendo inversamente proporcional ao número de monitoramentos (p < 0,0001. As variáveis associadas foram: idade materna menor que 19 anos, antecedentes de dois ou mais filhos mortos, gestação múltipla, diabetes e hipertensão arterial, menor número de monitoramentos telefônicos, atividades laborais em pé e/ou carga de peso, fumo, número de consultas pré-natal, sem ultrassonografia, diabetes gestacional, gravidez múltipla e anomalia fetal. Com custos baixos, a estratégia demonstrou ser efetiva na redução da ocorrência do parto prematuro.

Anomalias e prognóstico fetal associados à translucência nucal aumentada e cariótipo anormal Fetal abnormalities and prognosis associated with increased nuchal translucency and abnormal karyotype

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Fátima Aparecida Targino Saldanha

2009-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Descrever a frequência de anomalias cromossômicas em fetos com translucência nucal (TN aumentada, e a frequência de malformações estruturais, a evolução e o resultado da gestação nos fetos com TN aumentada e cariótipo anormal. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo envolvendo 246 casos com medida da TN acima do percentil 95º para a idade gestacional, com cariótipo fetal conhecido ou avaliação clínica das crianças no período pós-natal. Os casos foram acompanhados no setor de Medicina Fetal do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. RESULTADOS: O resultado do cariótipo fetal esteve alterado em 14,2% dos casos. O acompanhamento dessas gestações revelou anormalidade estruturais em 80,8% dos fetos, sendo as anormalidades cardíacas as mais comuns (61,5%. Resultados gestacionais adversos, como abortamento, óbitos intraútero e neonatal ocorreram em 76,5% dos fetos. CONCLUSÃO: Translucência nucal aumentada, entre 11 - 13 semanas e 6 dias, é importante marcador de anomalias cromossômicas fetais e malformações estruturais fetais, principalmente cardíacas. Diante deste achado, há aumento do risco de abortamento, óbito intrauterino e neonatal para estas gestações.OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities in fetuses with increased nuchal translucency (NT measurement. Incidence of structural abnormalities and pregnancy outcome was also described in fetuses with increased NT and abnormal karyotype. METHODS: This was a retrospective study involving 246 fetuses with increased NT and known karyotype followed at the Fetal Medicine Unit, Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo University Medical School. RESULTS: Fetal karyotype was abnormal in 14.2% of the cases. Ultrasound anomaly scan and specialized echocardiographic studies in these cases showed fetal structural abnormalities in 80.8% and cardiac defects were found in 61.5% of the fetuses. Pregnancy

Repercussões fonoaudiológicas na Síndrome de Seckel: estudo de caso

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Brito, Aline Ferreira de; Baldrighi, Sílvia Elaine Zuim de Moraes

2015-01-01

Resumo: Síndrome de Seckel, trata-se de condição rara e de herança autossômica recessiva, hereditário, caracterizada por um severo retardo de crescimento intra-uterino, baixa estatura proporcional, microcefalia com queixo retraído e pequeno, nariz grande e curvo, em alguns casos retardo mental, várias anomalias congênitas em face, crânio e esqueleto, entre outras malformações. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar as manifestações fonoaudiológicas encontradas nesta Síndrome, a partir do rel...

Influence of boundary conditions on the Southern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation during the last glacial maximum Influência das condições de fronteira na circulação atmosférica do Hemisfério Sul durante o último máximo glacial

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F. Justino

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Based upon coupled climate simulations driven by present day and glacial boundary conditions, we demonstrate that although the ice sheet topography modifications during the glacial period are primarily placed in the Northern Hemisphere (NH, a climate simulation that employs the ICE-5G glacial topography delivers significantly enhanced climate anomalies in the Southern Hemisphere (SH as well. These conditions, in association with climate anomalies produced by the modification of the atmospheric CO² concentration characteristic of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM interval, are shown to be the primary forcing of the SH climate during this epoch. Climate anomalies up to -6°C over the Antarctic region and -4°C over South America are predicted to occur in respect to present day conditions. Accompanying the SH cooling in the LGM simulation there exists a remarkable reduction in the specific humidity, which in turn enforces the overall Southern Hemisphere cooling due to the weaker greenhouse capacity of the dry atmosphere.Com base em simulações numéricas conduzidas com condições de fronteiras características dos períodos glaciais e atual, demonstra-se que embora as maiores anomalias da topografia da Terra no período glacial estejam no Hemisfério Norte, esta inclusão dos blocos de gelo leva a substanciais mudanças na circulação atmosférica austral para aquela época, indicando uma forte teleconexão inter-hemisférica. Em associação com a redução nos níveis de carbono atmosférico para 200 ppm, anomalias de temperatura de -6°C em torno da região antártica, e -4°C no continente sul-americano são simuladas para o último máximo glacial (UMG em relação a condições atuais. Concomitantemente, o UMG é caracterizado por uma drástica redução na umidade específica, que por sua vez intensifica o esfriamento inicial devido à mais fraca capacidade de estufa da atmosfera mais seca.

AGREGADOS TUBULARES DE RETÍCULO ENDOPLASMÁTICO LISO EM OVÓCITOS HUMANOS E SUA INFLUÊNCIA NAS TAXAS DE FERTILIZAÇÃO E GRAVIDEZ

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Luis, A.; Sá, R.; Oliveira, E.; Oliveira, C.; Silva, J.; Barros, A.; Sousa, M.

2010-01-01

O impacto da presença de anomalias morfológicas ovocitárias na fertilização e taxas de gravidez é um tema controverso na literatura. A presença de agregados tubulares de retículo endoplasmático liso (AT-REL) foi associada a taxas de gravidez mais baixas e a maior incidência de complicações obstétricas. A estrutura ultramiscroscópica destes AT-REL não está descrita. Este trabalho teve como objectivos: a) determinar a influência da presença de AT-REL nas taxas de fertilização e gravidez; ...

Estudo de prevalência de defeitos congênitos no Vale do Paraíba Paulista Prevalence study of birth defects in Vale do Paraíba, São Paulo, Brazil

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Cilene Otaviano Pinto

2007-09-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência de anomalias congênitas no Vale do Paraíba Paulista em 2002 e 2003. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com base em dados constantes na Declaração de Nascido Vivo (DNV, cujas informações estavam no portal da Secretaria da Saúde do Estado de São Paulo. As malformações foram descritas de acordo com o capítulo XVII do Código Internacional de Doenças (CID 10, referente a variáveis maternas e do recém-nascido. A variável desfecho (dependente foi a presença de anomalia congênita; as demais informações das mães e do recém-nascido constantes na DNV (variáveis independentes foram analisadas para estimar as associações entre elas e a variável desfecho. Utilizou-se o programa Epi-Info 6.04d para análise estatística e o teste do qui-quadrado, do qui-quadrado de tendência linear e o teste t de Student. RESULTADOS: Foram analisados 41.838 dados com informações constantes nas DNVs, sendo identificados 618 (1,5% sem preenchimento do campo correspondente à anomalia congênita e 317 (0,76% nascidos com anomalia congênita. Houve associação positiva de anomalias congênitas com menor duração da gestação, maior número de filhos mortos, tipo de parto, baixo peso ao nascer e menor escore de Apgar. Os sistemas mais afetados foram o osteomuscular e o nervoso. CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de malformações foi menor que a encontrada em outros estudos, possivelmente por sub-registro de informação.OBJECTIVE: Estimate the prevalence of birth defects in the Vale do Paraíba Paulista, São Paulo - Brazil, during the years of 2002 and 2003. METHODS: Cross-sectional study based on Birth Certificates available in the São Paulo Health Secretary site. The abnormalities were described according to chapter XVII of the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD 10 for variables related to mothers and infants born alive at birth. The dependent variable was the presence of abnormalities

A relação entre a temperatura da superfície dos oceanos tropicais e a duração dos veranicos no Estado da Paraíba Relationship between the surface temperature on the tropical oceans and the duration of dry spells in the Paraíba State

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Hudson Ellen Alencar Menezes

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho tem por o objetivo verificar possíveis influências das anomalias de temperatura da superfície do mar (TSM no Pacífico Equatorial e no Atlântico Tropical durante os veranicos mais longos dentro da estação chuvosa das microrregiões do Estado da Paraíba. Foram utilizados dados de precipitação diária de postos pluviométricos distribuídos por toda a Paraíba, no período compreendido de 1º de janeiro de 1963 a 31 de dezembro de 1999, de anomalias mensais de TSM na área dos niños: Niño 1+2, Niño 3, Niño 3.4 e Niño 4, e de índices mensais do Atlântico Tropical Norte e Sul, de outubro de 1962 a dezembro de 1999 da base de dados do Centro Diagnóstico do Clima da NOAA. Foram calculadas e analisadas as correlações obtidas entre as anomalias de TSM e os veranicos e gráficos que mostram a variabilidade interanual dos maiores veranicos do estado da Paraíba. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que os veranicos das microrregiões do Litoral e Brejo são mais influenciados pelas condições de anomalias de TSM sobre o Atlântico Tropical, enquanto os veranicos das microrregiões do Cariri/Curimataú e Sertão, na parte central e oeste do Estado, são influenciados pelas anomalias de TSM do Pacífico Equatorial.This paper has the objective of verifying the possible influences of the anomalies of sea surface temperature (SST in the Equatorial Pacific and in the Tropical Atlantic on the duration of the largest dry spell of the rainy season of the micro-regions of the Paraíba State. Daily precipitation data of the rain gauge stations distributed in the all sectors of Paraíba, for the period from January 1, 1963 to December 31, 1999, the monthly anomalies of SST in the area of the niños: Niño 1+2, Niño 3, Niño 3.4 and Niño 4, and monthly indices of North and South Tropical Atlantic, for the period from October, 1962 to December, 1999, obtained from the Diagnostic Center of Climate of the NOAA were used in this study

Epidemias de ferrugem asiática no Rio Grande do Sul explicadas pelo fenômeno ENOS e pela incidência da doença na entressafra

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Claudinei Antonio Minchio

Full Text Available RESUMO Estudou-se a interferência da variabilidade da variabilidade climática e do número de relatos de ferrugem asiática na entressafra sobre a epidemia da doença no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, durante 11 safras agrícolas. A ocorrência da doença foi obtida a partir de relatos apresentados no Consórcio Antiferrugem e dividida entre os períodos “Safra”, “Entressafra” e “Ano Todo”. Os dados das epidemias foram testados para correlação, via regressões polinomiais lineares e quadráticas, com as variáveis climáticas: precipitação pluvial, índice padronizado de precipitação - SPI, índice de oscilação sul - IOS e anomalia da Temperatura na Superfície do Mar - SST no Oceano Pacífico Tropical e número de ocorrências da doença no período de entressafra. Os índices que melhor explicaram a variação das ocorrências da doença para o período “Ano Todo” foram o SST e IOS, com coeficientes de determinação (R2 de 0,94 e 0,59, respectivamente. As ocorrências de ferrugem no período “Entressafra” influenciaram positivamente nas ocorrências no período “Safra”.

Liquidez e precificação de ativos: evidências do mercado brasileiro

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Márcio André Veras Machado

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Este artigo teve por objetivo analisar se o modelo de dois fatores desenvolvido por Liu (2006 explica as variações dos retornos das ações no mercado acionário Brasileiro. Teve-se como objetivo secundário comparar o desempenho do modelo de dois fatores de Liu com o do CAPM e com o de três fatores de Fama e French (1993, bem como investigar se o modelo é robusto às estratégias baseadas nos efeitos tamanho da empresa, book-to-market, estratégia momento, lucro/preço, fluxo de caixa/preço, liquidez e alavancagem, denominadas de anomalias de valor. Para o desenvolvimento do estudo, optou-se pelo emprego de portfólios e, para analisar o desempenho do modelo na explicação das variações dos retornos das ações, foram utilizadas regressões múltiplas em série de tempo. A população analisada consistiu de todas as empresas com ações listadas na BM&FBOVESPA, no período de 1995 a 2008. Como resultados principais, percebeu-se uma melhora no poder explicativo do modelo de dois fatores em relação ao CAPM e um desempenho muito próximo ao modelo de três fatores. Dessa forma, os resultados obtidos com o modelo de dois fatores são relevantes, considerando que se trabalhou com portfólios dinâmicos. Por fim, ainda que o modelo de dois fatores não tenha explicado as anomalias comumente documentadas na literatura, avanços foram evidenciados, sendo um importante passo na literatura, mesmo havendo muito a evoluir.

Tooth ankylosis in deciduous teeth of children with cleft lip and/or palate Anquilose dentária na dentição decídua em crianças com fissura de lábio e/ou palato

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Andreza Maria Fábio Aranha

2004-12-01

Full Text Available The present study aimed at evaluating the prevalence of tooth ankylosis in deciduous molars of Caucasian children with cleft lip and/or palate aged 5 to 12 years, of both genders. A total of 330 patients seen at the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies of the University of São Paulo for routine treatment were clinically evaluated. The prevalence of ankylosis was analyzed in relation to gender, age range (5-7, 8-10, 11-12 years, type of cleft, affected tooth and arch. The total group showed a prevalence of 18%, with no statistical difference between genders and among types of cleft; ankylosis was more often in the mandibular arch, lower first molars and among children in the age ranges 8-10 and 11-12 years. The results agreed with those observed in the related literature for patients without clefts, pointing out the absence of influence of the cleft on the prevalence of ankylosis. This reinforces the importance of early diagnosis of this anomaly and of the treatment of choice, which are similar in patients with or without clefts.Este estudo avaliou a prevalência de anquilose dentária em molares decíduos de portadores de fissura de lábio e/ou palato, brancos, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 5 e 12 anos. Um total de 330 pacientes atendidos no Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais da Universidade de São Paulo para tratamento de rotina foi clinicamente avaliado. A prevalência de anquilose foi analisada em relação a gênero, idade (5-7; 8-10; 11-12 anos, tipo de fissura, dente e arco afetados. O grupo total demonstrou prevalência de 18%, sem diferença estatística entre gêneros e tipos de fissura, sendo mais acometido o arco mandibular, o primeiro molar inferior e as faixas etárias de 8 a 10 e de 11 a 12 anos. Os resultados estão de acordo com aqueles observados na literatura para pacientes sem fissuras, destacando a ausência da influência das fissuras na prevalência de anquilose. Isso reforça a

Anoftalmia bilateral como defeito congênito isolado: uma abordagem etiológica e psicossocial

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Corso,Diego Davi; Bonamigo,Elcio Luiz; Corso,Mário Alberto; Rodrigues,Eduardo Büchele

2011-01-01

A anoftalmia é uma condição oftalmológica rara, caracterizada pela ausência de um ou ambos os olhos, de etiologia não elucidada, podendo ser congênita, adquirida ou associada a outras síndromes sistêmicas. Quanto à etiologia, já foram descritas na literatura aberrações cromossômicas, mutações genéticas e fatores ambientais como responsáveis pelo surgimento da anomalia. Não existe consenso sobre a real incidência da anoftalmia, devido à escassez em dados oficiais, principalmente no Brasil. Nes...

APLASIA CUTIS CONGÉNITA – UM CASO CLÍNICO

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Mónica Costeira

2016-07-01

Comentários: A aplasia cutis congénita é uma lesão que pode ser causadora de grande ansiedade parental, pelo que é importante ao Pediatra o seu reconhecimento e devido esclarecimento. Apesar de se tratar, na maioria das vezes, de um defeito benigno, é importante o conhecimento da sua relação com outras anomalias e síndromes de forma a otimizar a sua orientação precoce e adequada. Da mesma forma, é importante o aconselhamento genético, nos casos que assim o justifiquem.

Ocorrencia de mercurio na Bacia do Rio Iguaçu, Estado do Parana, Brasil

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Rafael Andre Belotto Plawiak

2007-01-01

Resumo: A anomalia geoquímica de mercúrio em sedimento de corrente da bacia hidrográfica do rio Iguaçu, Estado do Paraná, delimitada por um levantamento prévio de geoquímica regional, foi investigada através de determinações das concentrações do metal em rochas, solo e sedimento fluvial. O rio Iguaçu está inserido no contexto geológico da Bacia do Paraná e a porção correspondente ao alto vale, no município de Curitiba e vizinhanças, compreende rochas gnáissico-migmatíticas do embasamento cris...

Anoftalmia bilateral como defeito congênito isolado: uma abordagem etiológica e psicossocial

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Diego Davi Corso

2011-08-01

Full Text Available A anoftalmia é uma condição oftalmológica rara, caracterizada pela ausência de um ou ambos os olhos, de etiologia não elucidada, podendo ser congênita, adquirida ou associada a outras síndromes sistêmicas. Quanto à etiologia, já foram descritas na literatura aberrações cromossômicas, mutações genéticas e fatores ambientais como responsáveis pelo surgimento da anomalia. Não existe consenso sobre a real incidência da anoftalmia, devido à escassez em dados oficiais, principalmente no Brasil. Neste estudo relata-se um caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino que apresenta anoftalmia bilateral congênita, sem outras anormalidades. Foram utilizados dados compilados do prontuário médico hospitalar, exames laboratoriais e de imagem realizados durante a internação, bem como exames solicitados no acompanhamento clínico pós-alta e um questionário aplicado aos responsáveis legais pela paciente. Os fatores genéticos e não genéticos envolvidos no desenvolvimento de anomalias, assim como as complicações estéticas e psicossociais advindas da anoftalmia foram discutidos. Conclui-se que o fator idade pode estar relacionado ao aparecimento da anoftalmia e que a maior divulgação desta rara anomalia congênita propiciará aos profissionais da saúde, especialmente aos oftalmologistas, conhecimentos adicionais para lidar com os aspectos físicos, humanísticos e sociais envolvidos no atendimento do paciente e de seus familiares, minimizando a gravidade e abrangência dos seus efeitos.

Origem anômala da artéria pulmonar direita em aorta ascendente (hemitruncus Anomalous origin of right pulmonary artery from ascending aorta (hemitruncus

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Ivan Romero Rivera

1998-05-01

Full Text Available A origem da artéria pulmonar direita em aorta ascendente é uma anomalia congênita rara, com poucos casos descritos na literatura. Descrevemos dois casos desta malformação, um associado à interrupção de arco aórtico tipo B. Em ambos, o diagnóstico foi realizado mediante ecocardiografia bidimensional, com confirmação angiográfica em um. A origem da artéria pulmonar direita era próxima à valva aórtica, anomalia patogeneticamente diferente da origem perto da artéria inominada.The origin of the right pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta is a rare congenital anomaly, with very few reports in the literature. We describe two cases of this rare malformation, one of them, associated with interruption of the aortic arch (type B. In both cases, the diagnosis was made by two-dimensional echocardiography, with angiographic confirmation in one of them. The origin of the right pulmonary artery was close to the aortic valve, anomaly pathogenetically distinct from the type that arises close to the innominate artery.

ANÁLISE DA INFLUÊNCIA LITOLÓGICA E ESTRUTURAL A PARTIR DE MÉTODOS MORFOMÉTRICOS EM SEGMENTOS DE DRENAGEM NA PORÇÃO CIMEIRA DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO JEQUITINHONHA, MG

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Fabrício Antonio Lopes

2016-06-01

Full Text Available O estudo do padrão de drenagem da porção cimeira da bacia hidrográfica do Jequitinhonha foi realizado neste trabalho tendo como objetivos: a Correlacionar as direções dos canais fluviais e respectivas ordens hierárquicas às estruturas geológicas regionais; b Verificar o grau de influência dos aspectos litológicos e estruturais no padrão de drenagem da bacia e; c Identificar estruturas que atuam como níveis de base locais em perfis longitudinais. Foram empregadas análises quantitativas de tratamento de direção dos canais fluviais e ordens hierárquicas, cálculo do índice de RDE em segmentos pré-selecionados e análise de perfis longitudinais. Constatou-se significativa influência litológica e estrutural no padrão/direção dos canais fluviais identificadas como nick points nos perfis longitudinais. Há segmentos de drenagem com anomalias de primeira e segunda ordem quanto ao índice RDE, o que reforça a influência das estruturas pré-cambrianas, reativadas no Cenozoico, no sistema hidrográfico da região. Acredita-se na potencialidade deste estudo como auxilio na caracterização, quantificação e fundamentação teórica de análises referentes ao processo evolutivo da paisagem e ao comportamento da rede de drenagem local.

Ocorrência de declínio dos citros na região Noroeste do Paraná

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Pedro Antonio Martins Auler

2011-03-01

Full Text Available O declínio dos citros é uma anomalia vascular que provoca grandes prejuízos à produção de citros. Sua causa é controversa, e fatores bióticos e abióticos têm sido sugeridos. Embora detectado desde 1979 afetando plantas em pomares do Estado de São Paulo, sua ocorrência ainda não foi relatada em certas regiões produtoras de citros do Brasil. Este trabalho teve como objetivo comprovar, por meio de testes diagnósticos, a ocorrência do declínio dos citros no polo citrícola da região noroeste do Paraná. Foi realizado em pomar experimental de laranjeira 'Valência' (Citrus sinensis L. Osb. enxertada em limoeiro 'Cravo' (C. limonia Osb. plantado em 1994 no município de Nova Esperança. Os testes de teor de zinco na madeira e da absorção de água com injeção no tronco confirmaram a presença de declínio dos citros. Os sintomas da doença foram caracterizados por folhas pequenas, sem brilho e com menor turgidez, redução nos fluxos de brotação, morte da extremidade de ramos e redução da produção e do tamanho de frutos. A primeira ocorrência de declínio dos citros foi observada aos sete anos após o plantio, e aos quinze anos atingiu 31% das plantas.

ANÁLISE DAS SETE FERRAMENTAS ESTATÍSTICAS DA QUALIDADE UTILIZADAS NOS SISTEMAS PRODUTIVOS

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Valéria Vasconcelos Perez

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Com o acelerado crescimento industrial, a competitividade pela eficiência da produtividade e pela disputa de clientes, fez que com as organizações tomassem a qualidade como sinônimo de sua sobrevivência ou fracasso. Com isso, a busca por métodos que auxiliem na detecção de anomalias e melhoria dos processos produtivos. As principais ferramentas estatísticas da qualidade são muito utilizadas para o auxílio na identificação de anomalias, tal como a eliminação das mesmas e ainda proporcionam ao gerente de produção a tomar decisões para a melhoria do processo. Este artigo objetiva buscar conhecimento das ferramentas estatísticas a partir da revisão da literatura. A partir da abordagem da revisão da literatura, foi feita uma pesquisa descritiva, sendo abordado dois estudos de casos que utilizaram as ferramentas da qualidade enfatizando qual ferramenta fora utilizada, sendo estas o Diagrama de Causa e Efeito, Diagrama de Dispersão, Gráfico de Pareto, Histograma, Folha de Verificação, Gráfico de Controle e qual foi a principal função das mesmas. Por fim, de acordo com os resultados analisados é possível afirmar que as ferramentas estatísticas da qualidade foram utilizadas corretamente e ainda as mesmas foram aptas para a análise do processo, tal como indicar possíveis oportunidades de melhorias do processo.

A GESTÃO DA QUALIDADE TOTAL NA AGROPECUÁRIA: ASPECTOS INTRODUTÓRIOS [doi: 10.5329/RECADM.20030202003

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José Antonio Bonilla Castillo

2003-11-01

Full Text Available RESUMO A Qualidade (Total é -antes de tudo - mudança cultural. Só sobrevirão no século XXI as organizações que forem as melhores em seus respectivos negócios; para isto é preciso criar condições internas que assegurem sobrevivência primeiro e depois prosperidade durante o desenvolvimento daquelas. A Qualidade Total está integrada por cinco dimensões, a saber: Qualidade Intrínseca, Custo, Atendimento, Moral e Segurança, sendo que dois conceitos básicos são: rompimento (mudança na forma de pensar, no estilo e na postura de todos os membros da organização e satisfação total do cliente. Um terceiro conceito importante é o dos números visíveis e invisíveis. A necessidade de implantar a Gestão da Qualidade Total em qualquer organização - incluindo os agropecuários - está justificada por uma série de motivos passados, atuais e futuros. Desde um ponto de vista operacional, a Gestão da Qualidade possui um método básico: o PDCA, onde P ("Plan" significa planejamento; D ("Do" corresponde ao fazer, à execução das tarefas; C ("Check" envolve checagem entre a meta escolhida e o resultado obtido, e A ("Action" implica em ação corretiva. Figuras e tabelas ilustram o andamento do ciclo, especificamente no tocante ás metas (itens de controle, meios (fluxogramas, padrões e procedimentos operacionais, ferramentas da qualidade (representadas por uma delas: o diagrama de Ishikawa e metodologia de análise e solução de problemas (no caso, aplicada através da análise de anomalias. Palavras chave: Ciclo PDCA; as dimensões da Qualidade; itens de controle; padrões; Ferramentas da Qualidade

Tricuspid valve dysplasia and Ebstein's anomaly in dogs: case report Displasia da valva tricúspide e anomalia de Ebstein em cães: relato de caso

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M.G. Sousa

2006-10-01

Full Text Available Two cases of tricuspid valve dysplasia are reported. Dogs were presented for evaluation of weakness and ascites. In both cases, echocardiography disclosed tricuspid insufficiency and, in one of them, tricuspid leaflets also were displaced down into the right ventricle, substantiating Ebstein's anomaly. Medical therapy for congestive heart failure was initiated. One of the dogs suddenly died shortly after diagnosis was established. Although the other dog recovered much better initially, sudden death also occurred. Post-mortem examinations showed right atrioventricular enlargement, and thickened tricuspid leaflets. Clinical features, diagnostic methods and medical therapy are discussed in this paper.Dois casos de displasia da valva tricúspide são relatados neste trabalho. Os cães foram avaliados devido à fraqueza e presença de ascite. Em ambos os casos, o exame ecocardiográfico mostrou insuficiência tricúspide e, em um deles, a inserção dos folhetos da valva tricúspide encontrava-se deslocada para baixo do ventrículo direito, caracterizando a anomalia de Ebstein. A terapia medicamentosa para insuficiência cardíaca congestiva foi iniciada, mas um dos animais veio a óbito subitamente alguns dias após o diagnóstico. O outro cão, apesar de inicialmente ter apresentado melhora significativa do quadro clínico, apresentou morte súbita. A necropsia dos animais revelou dilatação atrioventricular direita e folhetos tricúspides espessados. As características clínicas, métodos de diagnóstico e terapia medicamentosa são discutidas neste artigo.

Aplicação da ferramenta de cep num processo siderúrgico

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Rafael Zimmermann Stefani

2014-08-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma aplicação prática da utilização de cartas de controle dentro de um projeto Seis Sigma propiciando um melhor entendimento da variabilidade relacionado a dureza da água no molde, um parâmetro crítico do processo que repercute na formação de defeitos em barras laminadas a partir de tarugos lingotados numa aciaria elétrica. No case apresentado, a utilização da ferramenta possibilita a identificação de uma anomalia para remoção imediata.

Study of the density of ganglion cells in the terminal bowel of rats with anorectal malformations Estudo da densidade das células ganglionares no intestino terminal de ratos portadores de anomalia anorretal

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Maurício Macedo

2007-12-01

Full Text Available PURPOSE: To study the ganglion cells (GC in the terminal bowel of rats with ethylenethiourea (ETU induced anorectal malformations (ARM. METHODS: The animals were divided into three groups: Group A - normal fetuses from pregnant rats that were not administered ETU; Group B - fetuses without ARM born from pregnant rats that were administered ETU and Group C - fetuses with ARM born from pregnant rats that received ETU. ETU was administered on the 11th day of pregnancy at the dose of 125 mg/kg body weight by gastric gavage. The rats had cesarean section on the 21st day of gestation. The fetuses’ terminal bowel tissue was analyzed by immunohistochemistry to demonstrate ganglion cells. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were found between groups A, B and C regarding ganglion cell densities. Group A had the highest cell density, followed by Group B and the lowest density was found in Group C. CONCLUSION: Ganglion cell densities are decreased in the terminal bowel of rats with ARM.OBJETIVO: Estudar as células ganglionares (CG no intestino terminal de ratos portadores de anomalia anorretal (AAR induzida pela etilenotiouréia (ETU. MÉTODOS: Os animais foram distribuídos em três grupos: Grupo A - fetos normais, obtidos de ratas grávidas às quais não foi administrada ETU; Grupo B - fetos não portadores de AAR obtidos de ratas grávidas às quais foi administrada ETU e Grupo C - fetos portadores de AAR obtidos de ratas grávidas às quais foi administrada ETU. A ETU foi administrada no décimo primeiro dia de gestação na dose de 125 mg/Kg, por gavagem. As ratas foram submetidas à laparotomia e histerotomia para retirada dos fetos no vigésimo primeiro dia de gestação. O intestino terminal dos fetos foi retirado e analisado por imunohistoquímica para pesquisa de CG. RESULTADOS: Foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos A, B e C quanto à densidade de CG. O grupo A apresentou a maior densidade

Síndrome de Fraser: relato de caso nas vias lacrimais

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Silvia Helena Tavares Lorena

2014-04-01

Full Text Available A síndrome de Fraser é uma condição sistêmica caracterizada por criptoftalmo, sindactilia e anomalia da genitália, podendo se associar com alterações dos rins, do ouvido, do nariz, da laringe e do esqueleto. O criptoftalmo pode representar um achado isolado, representado por herança autossômica dominante, associado a outras anomalias congênitas, relatado como herança autossômica recessiva. Criança do sexo feminino, 9 meses, avaliada no ambulatório de vias lacrimais da Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Filha de pais consanguíneos. Ao exame, foram observados criptoftalmo total à esquerda, epífora em olho direito associada à secreção mucopurulenta, nariz em sela, implantação baixa das orelhas, malformação de conduto auditivo, aumento de grandes lábios e sindactilia de mãos e pés. A tomografia de crânio evidenciou braquicefalia ausência de septo pelúcido, proeminência dos ventrículos laterais, importante falha óssea na calota craniana, presença de afilamento do manto tecidual cerebral, fossa posterior pequena, desorganização do segmento anterior, afacia e descolamento total da retina.

Parametri za procena na kvalitetot na polietilenska i na polipropilenska ambalaza i na gumeni zatvoraci nameneti za farmacevtski preparati

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Liljana Ugrinova

2002-03-01

Full Text Available Napraven e pregled na parametrite za procena na kvalitetot na polietilenska i na polipropilenska ambalaza i na gumeni zatvoraci nameneti za farmacevtski preparati. Za procena na kvalitetot na ispituvaniot materijal bea izvrseni fizicki, hemiski i bioloski ispituvanja spored postapkite dadeni vo Ph. Eur., DIN i spored DIN ISO standardite. Baranjata za kvalitet na ovoj vid ambalaza propisani spored Ph. Eur., DIN i DIN ISO standardite se razlikuvaat vo odnos na predvidenite parametri za fizicki, za hemiski i za bioloski ispituvanja. Isto taka, propisani se i razlicni granici na dozvoleno otstapuvanje na oddelni parametri.

Mortality and cancer incident among residents in an area with a geological occurrence of uranium: the municipality of Monte Alegre, PA, Brazil; Avaliacao da incidencia e mortalidade por cancer na populacao residente em regiao com anomalia geologica na ocorrencia de uranio: estudo de caso: Monte Alegre, PA

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Melo, Leticia Rodrigues

2009-04-15

The municipality of Monte Alegre, located in the Amazonian State of Para, Brazil, presents scattered areas with increased levels of natural radiation due to uranium rocks. The objectives of this dissertation were: to evaluate the mortality trend among Monte Alegre residents, and to compare it with that observed in neighbor municipalities (Alenquer and Prainha) without natural radiation sources; and to determine the impact of cancer distribution either in Monte Alegre or control counties population, taking into account their estimates of cancer incidence and mortality. The dissertation was organized in two papers. The first one aimed to evaluate the mortality trend for all causes of death, cancer, and unknown causes of death occurred between 1981-2005. Analyzed data was provided by the Brazilian National Mortality Information System (SIM), being the general population of the State of Para used as reference. In the second paper, cancer mortality risks at selected sites were ascertained using standardized mortality ratios (SMR) and mortality odds ratios (MOR). Additionally, cancer mortality risk ratios of Monte Alegre and control counties were obtained towards the ratio between SMRs of selected cancer sites in both areas. Three different sources of data were used to retrieve all cancer cases in the studied area, and therefore, to estimate cancer incidence in the studied populations: the diagnosed cancer cases at the regional reference centers for oncological care settled in Santarem, Belem and Manaus; the cancer-related hospitalization authorization records obtained at the Brazilian National Health System (SUS) registries; and primary data of cancer reported by local residents at a population-based health survey conducted by our research team in 2007-2008. A declining trend for all causes of death mortality in Monte Alegre general population, as well as for the unknown causes of death, was observed along the studied time series for both gender. Cancer mortality trend in Monte Alegre and at the control counties remained stable, but the high proportion of unascertained causes of death at the mortality database does not allow a conclusive ascertainment. SMR for all causes of death in Monte Alegre was similar to that observed at the control counties, respectively, SMR=72.9, 95% CI 70,5-75,3 and SMR=75.2 , 95% CI 76,2-77,3. No excess of cancer deaths was observed in Monte Alegre or at the control populations, and cancer mortality by gender also did not reveal statistically significant differences at the different tumor sites. Despite the use of three different approaches to estimate cancer incidence in Monte Alegre and the control counties, similar patterns were observed in the studied areas. To conclude, no evidence supporting an increase of cancer deaths in Monte Alegre was observed. (author)

Síndrome de Moebius associada a artrogripose: relato de caso e revisão da literatura

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Moreira Ana Tereza Ramos

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Os autores descrevem um caso de síndrome de Moebius associada a artogripose múltipla congênita, uma situação rara, sem relatos prévios na literatura latino-americana. A síndrome de Moebius é caracterizada por paralisia dos VII e VI pares cranianos, geralmente associada a outras anomalias ósseas e musculares, mais freqüentemente localizadas na parte distal das extremidades. A artrogripose múltipla congênita consiste de um grupo heterogêneo de alterações, sendo caracterizada por extrema rigidez e contratura das articulações, associada a hipoplasia ou ausência de desenvolvimento muscular e de tecidos moles. Pode ser parte de um complexo de anomalias congênitas multissistêmicas. Uma criança do sexo masculino, de cor branca, 3 anos, apresentava estrabismo convergente, oftalmoplegia, paralisia do VII par craniano e disgenesia da musculatura lingual, alterações compatíveis com a síndrome de Moebius. Associada às alterações oculares, foram encontradas alterações músculo-esqueléticas - mãos e antebraços em flexão e hipotrofia da cintura escapular - compatíveis com artrogripose. Foi realizado o tratamento cirúrgico do estrabismo com boa evolução pós-operatória. Sugerimos que, nos pacientes que apresentam síndrome de Moebius associada a alterações congênitas ósseas e musculares de extremidades, seja investigada a presença de artrogripose, pois acreditamos que tal síndrome não está sendo bem diagnosticada por ser pouco conhecida.

Načrtovan porod na domu

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Todorović, Tamara; Takač, Iztok

2017-01-01

Izhodišča: Porod na domu je sicer star toliko kot človeštvo, pa vendar v veliki večini srednje in visoko razvitih držav prevladuje mnenje, da so zaradi nepredvidljivosti zapletov porodnišnice najbolj varno okolje za rojevanje. Kljub temu obstaja peščica držav, v katerih je porod na domu integriran v sistem zdravstvenega varstva (npr. Nizozemska, Velika Britanija, Kanada). Pri porodih na domu ločimo nenačrtovane in načrtovane porode na domu, slednje pa lahko nadalje razdelimo še na porode s sp...

Molecular study of the gene FANCA in patients with compatible clinical of Fanconi Anemia

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Claudia Estela Gonçalves

2014-01-01

Resumo: A Anemia de Fanconi (AF) é uma alteração genética caracterizada por múltiplas anomalias congênitas, anormalidades hematológicas e predisposição a uma variedade de tumores. A incidência mundial da AF em todo o mundo é de aproximadamente três por milhão e a frequência de heterozigotos é estimada em um para 300 na Europa e Estados Unidos. É uma doença causada por mutações em genes relacionados ao sistema de reparo. Até o momento foram descritos 16 genes que podem estar multados. São eles...

Persistência da anastomose carótido-basilar: a propósito de um caso revelado pela angiografia cerebral

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José Zaclis

1955-12-01

Full Text Available Publicando êste caso, o autor eleva para 23 o total dos casos registrados de persistência da anastomose carótido-basilar. Trata-se de caso cujo paciente foi submetido a estudo angiográfico injetando o contraste sucessivamente em ambas as artérias carótidas e no sistema vértebro-basilar. Êste é o sétimo caso com demonstração angiográfica da persistência da comunicação entre a carótida e a basilar. A presença desta anomalia condiciona modificações na hemodinâmica intracraniana demonstradas neste caso.

Repercussões fonoaudiológicas na Síndrome de Seckel: estudo de caso

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Aline Ferreira de Brito

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Resumo: Síndrome de Seckel, trata-se de condição rara e de herança autossômica recessiva, hereditário, caracterizada por um severo retardo de crescimento intra-uterino, baixa estatura proporcional, microcefalia com queixo retraído e pequeno, nariz grande e curvo, em alguns casos retardo mental, várias anomalias congênitas em face, crânio e esqueleto, entre outras malformações. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar as manifestações fonoaudiológicas encontradas nesta Síndrome, a partir do relato de um caso clínico, de um paciente do gênero masculino, de 09 anos de idade, encaminhado pela odontopediatria, com queixa de alteração no padrão respiratório. Foi realizada avaliação fonoaudiológica que abordou: descrição física, aspectos das funções estomatognáticas, da linguagem oral e escrita, da voz e audição e dos aspectos cognitivos. Para complementação do diagnóstico fonoaudiológico, foram realizadas avaliações ortodôntica, otorrinolaringológica e fisioterapêutica. Com relação às funções estomatognáticas, a criança apresentou respiração de modo oral, mastigação com preensão dos alimentos nos dentes laterais, mastigação unilateral, com lábios entreabertos e movimentos exagerados da musculatura perioral; deglutição com interposição de língua e participação da musculatura orofacial. Fala com articulação imprecisa e travada, devido à limitação de abertura de boca. No tocante à voz, o paciente apresentou tempo máximo de fonação reduzido, laringe em posição elevada, ressonância nasal, ataques vocais suaves e intensidade fraca. Não fora observada nenhuma alteração na linguagem oral e escrita. A escassez de estudos relatando manifestações fonoaudiológicas na Síndrome de Seckel, associada à raridade de ocorrência, justifica o interesse em realizar este estudo, para colaboração de maior conhecimento por parte dos fonoaudiólogos e profissionais de saúde.

Angiotomografia coronariana multislice na avaliação da origem anômala das artérias coronarianas

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Daniel Rocha Rabelo

2012-03-01

Full Text Available Fundamento: A origem anômala das artérias coronarianas é uma entidade relativamente rara, podendo se apresentar de várias formas clínicas e evoluir de forma adversa. A angiotomografia multislice das artérias coronarianas vem ganhando espaço na prática clínica diária, representando importante método propedêutico, com grande potencial na avaliação anatômica dessas artérias. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é descrever os achados angiotomográficos e a evolução de pacientes com origem anômala das artérias coronarianas. Métodos: Durante o período de janeiro de 2008 a março de 2011, foram avaliados consecutivamente 404 pacientes encaminhados para realização de angiotomografia das coronárias por diversos motivos, com tempo médio de seguimento de 21 meses. Resultados: Nove pacientes (2,2% apresentaram origem anômala das artérias coronárias, sendo quatro com origem anômala da artéria circunflexa (Cx em Coronária Direita (CD, dois com origem anômala da CD (um com origem de CD em Cx, e um com origem de CD em seio coronariano esquerdo, um paciente com tronco coronariano único (descendente anterior e Cx saindo do seio coronariano esquerdo, um com trajeto anômalo do tronco da coronária esquerda entre aorta e artéria pulmonar e um paciente apresentando tronco coronariano esquerdo originando-se do seio coronariano direito. Dos pacientes avaliados, um paciente recebeu um cardiodesfibrilador implantável; um paciente evoluiu com morte súbita durante internação hospitalar; e os outros não tiveram intercorrências. Conclusão: A angiotomografia multislice das coronárias representa método propedêutico minimamente invasivo que possibilita detectar a origem, o curso e terminação das anomalias de origem das artérias coronarianas com excelente acurácia, possibilitando o correto diagnóstico e auxiliando no planejamento terapêutico.

Fenda cervical mediana Midline cervical cleft

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José V. Tagliarini

2004-10-01

Full Text Available A fenda mediana congênita do pescoço é anomalia rara da parte ventral do pescoço. Em torno de 100 casos foram relatados na literatura, sendo o primeiro caso descrito por Bailey em 1924. Este defeito é relatado em associação com fenda mediana do lábio inferior, fenda da mandíbula e da língua, e hipoplasia de outras estruturas cervicais medianas. Acredita-se que seja uma malformação originada dos dois primeiros arcos branquiais. O tratamento da lesão consiste na excisão vertical da lesão e reparação do defeito resultante. A maioria dos autores recomenda evitar a reparação simples da lesão, preferindo a fechamento com a utilização de zetaplastia múltiplas, com o intuito de evitar fibrose e retração local. Neste artigo relatamos dois casos dessa anomalia e realizamos revisão bibliográfica.The midline cervical cleft is an unusual congenital anomaly of the ventral neck and fewer than 100 cases have been reported overall and the first described by Bailey in 1924. This anomaly is report in association with median cleft of lower lip, cleft mandible and tongue, and hypoplasia of other midline neck structures. Its considered an anomaly originated from the two first branchial arches. The treatment of this cleft is a vertical complete excision and a closure with multiple Z-plasty. Many authors recommend avoid linear closure and prefer multiple Z-plasty for evicted fibrosis and local retraction. In this paper we report 2 case of this anomaly and the literature is reviewed.

Utilização do brinquedo terapêutico na assistência à criança hospitalizada Using therapeutic toys in care with hospitalized children

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Cassiana Mendes Bertoncello Fontes

2010-04-01

Full Text Available Estudo exploratório e descritivo, parte integrante de um projeto de parceria entre o Serviço de Enfermagem e de Terapia Ocupacional no preparo da criança para as cirurgias eletivas no Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais da Universidade de São Paulo. OBJETIVO: utilizar o brinquedo como recurso terapêutico no alívio das tensões reais e inconscientes da criança em relação à hospitalização. MÉTODO: Foi construído um instrumento de coleta dos dados em forma de roteiro observacional, e aplicado em dois momentos: o primeiro consiste no dia anterior à realização da cirurgia e o segundo momento no dia da cirurgia imediatamente antes de sua realização. Utilizamos a contação de história e a demonstração das intervenções de enfermagem nos brinquedos (bonecos com equipamentos e materiais comumente utilizados na hospitalização (luvas, aventais cirúrgico, máscara facial e gorro cirúrgico. RESULTADOS: Dentre as 21 variáveis de comportamento observadas, oito obtiveram diferença estatisticamente significativa com teste de McNemar (p>0,05. CONCLUSÃO: brincar interativamente proporciona à criança hospitalizada interagir com o ambiente hospitalar, expressar os seus sentimentos e emoções e provê recursos para a assistência humanizada.This is an exploratory and descriptive study that was jointly carried out by Nursing Care and Occupational Therapy as part of a Research Project that intended to prepare children for elective surgery at the University of São Paulo's Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais. OBJECTIVE: using toys as a therapeutic resource for relieving the child's real and unconscious tensions concerning hospitalization for surgical treatment at the HRAC - USP. METHOD: 44 children participated in the study. An observation form was used to collect data and it was applied at two separate times: the first time was the day before the surgery was to take place and the second on the day of

IMAGENES EN ANOMALIAS ANORECTALES

OpenAIRE

Moënne B, Karla

2003-01-01

Las malformaciones anorectales incluyen una amplia variedad de anomalías, de grados variables de complejidad, que con frecuencia se presentan asociadas a otras malformaciones: genitourinarias, espinales, cardíacas, esofágicas y de la pared abdominal entre las más habituales. Las imágenes diagnósticas tienen un importante rol en el estudio de estos pacientes, que está orientado a demostrar adecuadamente la anatomía de la malformación y, por otra parte, precisar la existencia de anomalías asoci...

Utilização de microparafusos ortodônticos na correção de assimetrias The use of orthodontic microscrews in the asymmetries correction

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Henrique Mascarenhas Villela

2008-10-01

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: o controle da ancoragem é de fundamental importância para o sucesso do tratamento ortodôntico, principalmente na correção das assimetrias, onde se torna ainda mais crítico. Os métodos convencionais de ancoragem utilizados para tratar estes tipos de anomalia são mais complexos e podem causar movimentos indesejáveis na unidade de reação ou, ainda, ser rejeitados pelos pacientes, devido ao comprometimento estético. A utilização de microparafusos como unidades de ancoragem, além de anular os efeitos colaterais indesejáveis, simplifica a mecânica ortodôntica, fornece uma maior previsibilidade ao resultado do tratamento, proporciona maior conforto e estética ao paciente, reduz o tempo de tratamento e possibilita a correção de casos com perdas dentárias, já que fornece uma ancoragem direta. OBJETIVO: realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre o tratamento das assimetrias dentárias com o uso de microparafusos ortodônticos de titânio como ancoragem, ilustrando-a com alguns casos clínicos.INTRODUCTION: The control of anchorage is of crucial importance to the success of the orthodontic treatment, specially in the correction of asymmetries, where it plays a most critical role. The conventional anchorage methods used to treat those types of anomaly are more complex and may cause undesirable movements in the reaction unit, or else, be rejected by the patients due to the esthetic involvement. The use of microscrews as anchorage unit not only nullifies the undesirable side effects, but also simplifies the orthodontic mechanics, provides a greater predictability of the treatment outcome, gives the patient more comfort and better esthetic results, shortens the treatment length, and enables the correction of dental loss cases, since it provides direct anchorage. AIM: To carry out a review of the literature on the treatment of dental asymmetries using titanium orthodontic microscrews as anchorage, illustrating it with some

Na+-stimulated ATPase of alkaliphilic halotolerant cyanobacterium Aphanothece halophytica translocates Na+ into proteoliposomes via Na+ uniport mechanism

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Soontharapirakkul Kanteera

2010-08-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background When cells are exposed to high salinity conditions, they develop a mechanism to extrude excess Na+ from cells to maintain the cytoplasmic Na+ concentration. Until now, the ATPase involved in Na+ transport in cyanobacteria has not been characterized. Here, the characterization of ATPase and its role in Na+ transport of alkaliphilic halotolerant Aphanothece halophytica were investigated to understand the survival mechanism of A. halophytica under high salinity conditions. Results The purified enzyme catalyzed the hydrolysis of ATP in the presence of Na+ but not K+, Li+ and Ca2+. The apparent Km values for Na+ and ATP were 2.0 and 1.2 mM, respectively. The enzyme is likely the F1F0-ATPase based on the usual subunit pattern and the protection against N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide inhibition of ATPase activity by Na+ in a pH-dependent manner. Proteoliposomes reconstituted with the purified enzyme could take up Na+ upon the addition of ATP. The apparent Km values for this uptake were 3.3 and 0.5 mM for Na+ and ATP, respectively. The mechanism of Na+ transport mediated by Na+-stimulated ATPase in A. halophytica was revealed. Using acridine orange as a probe, alkalization of the lumen of proteoliposomes reconstituted with Na+-stimulated ATPase was observed upon the addition of ATP with Na+ but not with K+, Li+ and Ca2+. The Na+- and ATP-dependent alkalization of the proteoliposome lumen was stimulated by carbonyl cyanide m - chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP but was inhibited by a permeant anion nitrate. The proteoliposomes showed both ATPase activity and ATP-dependent Na+ uptake activity. The uptake of Na+ was enhanced by CCCP and nitrate. On the other hand, both CCCP and nitrate were shown to dissipate the preformed electric potential generated by Na+-stimulated ATPase of the proteoliposomes. Conclusion The data demonstrate that Na+-stimulated ATPase from A. halophytica, a likely member of F-type ATPase, functions as an electrogenic Na

Polarization dependence of Na* + Na* associative ionization revisited

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Meijer, H.A.J.; Meulen, H.P. v.d.; Morgenstern, R.; Hertel, I.V.; Meyer, E.; Witte, R.

1986-01-01

The dependence of the associative ionization process Na 3 2P3/2 + Na 3 2P3/2 → Na2+ + e- on the polarization of the laser light used for Na excitation was independently investigated in Utrecht and Berlin. The purpose of this paper is to clarify discrepancies between two other earlier experimental

Um caso de leucismo em pardal, Passer domesticus (Linnaeus, 1758 em uma ilha do rio São Francisco, nordeste do Brasil

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Leonardo Barros Ribeiro

2011-10-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2012v25n1p187 O leucismo em aves é uma anomalia genética caracterizada pela ausência total de melanina em algumas ou em todas as penas, porém, ao contrário do albinismo, as outras partes do corpo, tais como olhos, bico e tarsos permanecem com a coloração típica da espécie. O pardal Passer domesticus é uma ave nativa da Europa, Ásia e norte da África e foi introduzido na América do Norte, América do Sul, África do Sul, Austrália e Nova Zelândia. Atualmente, é a espécie de ave com a maior distribuição geográfica. Relatamos, aqui, o registro de um indivíduo leucístico de Passer domesticus na ilha do Rodeadouro, rio São Francisco, nordeste do Brasil.

Pseudo-ternary phase diagram in the Na2O-Na2O2-NaOH system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Saito, Jun-ichi; Tendo, Masayuki; Aoto, Kazumi

1997-10-01

Generally, the phase diagrams are always used to understand the present state of compounds at certain temperature. In order to understand the corrosion behavior of structural material for FBR by main sodium compounds (Na 2 O, Na 2 O 2 and NaOH), it is very important to comprehend the phase diagrams of their compounds. However, only Na 2 O-NaOH pseudo-binary phase diagram had been investigated previously in this system. There is no study of other pseudo-binary or ternary phase diagrams in the Na 2 O-Na 2 O 2 -NaOH system. In this study, in order to clarify the present states of their compounds at certain temperatures, the pseudo-binary and ternary phase diagrams in the Na 2 O-Na 2 O 2 -NaOH system were prepared. A series of thermal analyses with binary and ternary component system has been carried out using the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The liquidus temperature and ternary eutectic temperatures were confirmed by these measurements. The beneficial indications for constructing phase diagrams were obtained from these experiments. On the basis of these results, the interaction parameters between compounds which were utilized for the Thermo-Calc calculation were optimized. Thermo-Calc is one of thermodynamic calculation software. Consequently the accurate pseudo-binary and ternary phase diagrams were indicated using the optimized parameters. (author)

Atualização em síndrome da apnéia obstrutiva do sono na infância Update in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children

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Aracy P. S. Balbani

2005-02-01

Full Text Available A prevalência de SAOS em crianças é de 0,7-3%, com pico de incidência nos pré-escolares. Fatores anatômicos (obstrução nasal severa, más-formações craniofaciais, hipertrofia do tecido linfático da faringe, anomalias laríngeas, etc. e funcionais (doenças neuromusculares predispõem à SAOS na infância. A principal causa da SAOS em crianças é a hipertrofia adenotonsilar. As manifestações clínicas mais comuns são: ronco noturno, pausas respiratórias, sono agitado e respiração bucal. A oximetria de pulso noturna, a gravação em áudio ou vídeo dos ruídos respiratórios noturnos e a polissonografia breve diurna são métodos úteis para triagem dos casos suspeitos de SAOS em crianças, e o padrão-ouro para diagnóstico é a polissonografia em laboratório de sono durante uma noite inteira. Ao contrário dos adultos com SAOS, as crianças costumam apresentar: menos despertares associados aos eventos de apnéia, maior número de apnéias/hipopnéias durante o sono REM e dessaturação mais acentuada da oxihemoglobina mesmo nas apnéias de curta duração. O tratamento da SAOS pode ser cirúrgico (adenotonsilectomia, correção de anomalias craniofaciais, traqueostomia ou clínico (higiene do sono, pressão positiva contínua nas vias aéreas - CPAP.The prevalence of OSAS in children is 0.7-3%, with peak incidence in pre-schoolers. It is characterised by partial or complete upper airway obstruction during sleep, causing intermittent hypoxia. Both anatomical (severe nasal obstruction, craniofacial anomalies, hypertrophy of the pharyngeal lymphoid tissue, laryngeal anomalies, etc. and functional factors (neuromuscular diseases predispose to OSAS during childhood. The main cause of OSAS in children in adenotonsillar hypertrophy. The most common clinical manifestations of OSAS are: nocturnal snoring, respiratory pauses, restless sleep and mouth breathing. Nocturnal pulse oximetry, nocturnal noise audio/videotape recording and nap

Extracellular Na+ levels regulate formation and activity of the NaX/alpha1-Na+/K+-ATPase complex in neuronal cells.

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Emmanuelle eBerret

2014-12-01

Full Text Available MnPO neurons play a critical role in hydromineral homeostasis regulation by acting as sensors of extracellular sodium concentration ([Na+]out. The mechanism underlying Na+-sensing involves Na+-flow through the NaX channel, directly regulated by the Na+/K+-ATPase α1-isoform which controls Na+-influx by modulating channel permeability. Together, these two partners form a complex involved in the regulation of intracellular sodium ([Na+]in. Here we aim to determine whether environmental changes in Na+ could actively modulate the NaX/Na+/K+-ATPase complex activity.We investigated the complex activity using patch-clamp recordings from rat MnPO neurons and Neuro2a cells. When the rats were fed with a high-salt-diet, or the [Na+] in the culture medium was increased, the activity of the complex was up-regulated. In contrast, drop in environmental [Na+] decreased the activity of the complex. Interestingly under hypernatremic condition, the colocalization rate and protein level of both partners were up-regulated. Under hyponatremic condition, only NaX protein expression was increased and the level of NaX/Na+/K+-ATPase remained unaltered. This unbalance between NaX and Na+/K+-ATPase pump proportion would induce a bigger portion of Na+/K+-ATPase-control-free NaX channel. Thus we suggest that hypernatremic environment increases NaX/Na+/K+-ATPase α1-isoform activity by increasing the number of both partners and their colocalization rate, whereas hyponatremic environment down-regulates complex activity via a decrease in the relative number of NaX channels controlled by the pump.

A Study of the Distribution of Sodium Cations in the Zeolites NaX, NaY and ZnNaY Using Carbon Monoxide Adsorption and 23Na NMR Techniques

Science.gov (United States)

Seidel, A.; Boddenberg, B.

1995-03-01

The zeolites NaX, NaY, Zn(55)NaY, and Zn(74)NaY were investigated by means of carbon monoxide adsorption and with static and magic angle spinning (MAS) 23Na NMR spectroscopy. The Na+ distribution between the sodalite (ß)- and supercages of the fully hydrated zeolites NaX and NaY were found to agree with XRD results. In the hydrated zinc-exchanged zeolites the Na+ ions almost exclusively populate the ß-cages. The adsorption isotherms of CO in the dehydrated zeolites were analyzed quantitatively to yield the concentrations of Na+ residing in the supercages. The measured static and MAS 23Na NMR spectra were analyzed by comparing their widths and shapes with simulated central transition patterns and yield, inter alia, the concentrations of Na+ associated with the spectrum components. Arguments are put forward that 23Na NMR of dehydrated zeolites is well suited to distinguish Na+ cations in highly symmetric environments and mobile Na+ species from others located on general positions, but further resolution is hardly feasible.

HCO3(-)-coupled Na+ influx is a major determinant of Na+ turnover and Na+/K+ pump activity in rat hepatocytes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fitz, J.G.; Lidofsky, S.D.; Weisiger, R.A.; Xie, M.H.; Cochran, M.; Grotmol, T.; Scharschmidt, B.F.

1991-01-01

Recent studies in hepatocytes indicate that Na(+)-coupled HCO3- transport contributes importantly to regulation of intracellular pH and membrane HCO3- transport. However, the direction of net coupled Na+ and HCO3- movement and the effect of HCO3- on Na+ turnover and Na+/K+ pump activity are not known. In these studies, the effect of HCO3- on Na+ influx and turnover were measured in primary rat hepatocyte cultures with 22Na+, and [Na+]i was measured in single hepatocytes using the Na(+)-sensitive fluorochrome SBFI. Na+/K+ pump activity was measured in intact perfused rat liver and hepatocyte monolayers as Na(+)-dependent or ouabain-suppressible 86Rb uptake, and was measured in single hepatocytes as the effect of transient pump inhibition by removal of extracellular K+ on membrane potential difference (PD) and [Na+]i. In hepatocyte monolayers, HCO3- increased 22Na+ entry and turnover rates by 50-65%, without measurably altering 22Na+ pool size or cell volume, and HCO3- also increased Na+/K+ pump activity by 70%. In single cells, exposure to HCO3- produced an abrupt and sustained rise in [Na+]i from approximately 8 to 12 mM. Na+/K+ pump activity assessed in single cells by PD excursions during transient K+ removal increased congruent to 2.5-fold in the presence of HCO3-, and the rise in [Na+]i produced by inhibition of the Na+/K+ pump was similarly increased congruent to 2.5-fold in the presence of HCO3-. In intact perfused rat liver, HCO3- increased both Na+/K+ pump activity and O2 consumption. These findings indicate that, in hepatocytes, net coupled Na+ and HCO3- movement is inward and represents a major determinant of Na+ influx and Na+/K+ pump activity. About half of hepatic Na+/K+ pump activity appears dedicated to recycling Na+ entering in conjunction with HCO3- to maintain [Na+]i within the physiologic range

The effect of Na vapor on the Na content of chondrules

Science.gov (United States)

Lewis, R. Dean; Lofgren, Gary E.; Franzen, Hugo F.; Windom, Kenneth E.

1993-01-01

Chondrules contain higher concentrations of volatiles (Na) than expected for melt droplets in the solar nebula. Recent studies have proposed that chondrules may have formed under non-canonical nebular conditions such as in particle/gas-rich clumps. Such chondrule formation areas may have contained significant Na vapor. To test the hypothesis of whether a Na-rich vapor would minimize Na volatilization reaction rates in a chondrule analog and maintain the Na value of the melt, experiments were designed where a Na-rich vapor could be maintained around the sample. A starting material with a melting point lower that typical chondrules was required to keep the logistics of working with Na volatilization from NaCl within the realm of feasibility. The Knippa basalt, a MgO-rich alkali olivine basalt with a melting temperature of 1325 +/- 5 C and a Na2O content of 3.05 wt%, was used as the chondrule analog. Experiments were conducted in a 1 atm, gas-mixing furnace with the fO2 controlled by a CO/CO2 gas mixture and fixed at the I-W buffer curve. To determine the extent of Na loss from the sample, initial experiments were conducted at high temperatures (1300 C - 1350 C) for duration of up to 72 h without a Na-rich vapor present. Almost all (up to 98%) Na was volatilized in runs of 72 h. Subsequent trials were conducted at 1330 C for 16 h in the presence of a Na-rich vapor, supplied by a NaCl-filled crucible placed in the bottom of the furnace. Succeeding Knudsen cell weight-loss mass-spectrometry analysis of NaCl determined the P(sub Na) for these experimental conditions to be in the 10(exp -6) atm range. This value is considered high for nebula conditions but is still plausible for non-canonical environments. In these trials the Na2O content of the glass was maintained or in some cases increased; Na2O values ranged from 2.62% wt to 4.37% wt. The Na content of chondrules may be controlled by the Na vapor pressure in the chondrule formation region. Most heating events capable

Na/K pump inactivation, subsarcolemmal Na measurements, and cytoplasmic ion turnover kinetics contradict restricted Na spaces in murine cardiac myocytes.

Science.gov (United States)

Lu, Fang-Min; Hilgemann, Donald W

2017-07-03

Decades ago, it was proposed that Na transport in cardiac myocytes is modulated by large changes in cytoplasmic Na concentration within restricted subsarcolemmal spaces. Here, we probe this hypothesis for Na/K pumps by generating constitutive transsarcolemmal Na flux with the Na channel opener veratridine in whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. Using 25 mM Na in the patch pipette, pump currents decay strongly during continuous activation by extracellular K (τ, ∼2 s). In contradiction to depletion hypotheses, the decay becomes stronger when pump currents are decreased by hyperpolarization. Na channel currents are nearly unchanged by pump activity in these conditions, and conversely, continuous Na currents up to 0.5 nA in magnitude have negligible effects on pump currents. These outcomes are even more pronounced using 50 mM Li as a cytoplasmic Na congener. Thus, the Na/K pump current decay reflects mostly an inactivation mechanism that immobilizes Na/K pump charge movements, not cytoplasmic Na depletion. When channel currents are increased beyond 1 nA, models with unrestricted subsarcolemmal diffusion accurately predict current decay (τ ∼15 s) and reversal potential shifts observed for Na, Li, and K currents through Na channels opened by veratridine, as well as for Na, K, Cs, Li, and Cl currents recorded in nystatin-permeabilized myocytes. Ion concentrations in the pipette tip (i.e., access conductance) track without appreciable delay the current changes caused by sarcolemmal ion flux. Importantly, cytoplasmic mixing volumes, calculated from current decay kinetics, increase and decrease as expected with osmolarity changes (τ >30 s). Na/K pump current run-down over 20 min reflects a failure of pumps to recover from inactivation. Simulations reveal that pump inactivation coupled with Na-activated recovery enhances the rapidity and effectivity of Na homeostasis in cardiac myocytes. In conclusion, an autoregulatory mechanism enhances cardiac Na/K pump activity when

Hipospadia perineal em um cão: relato de caso

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F.S. Valente

2014-06-01

Full Text Available A hipospadia é uma anomalia congênita da genitália externa, na qual a uretra peniana termina ventral e caudalmente à sua abertura normal. Pode ser classificada, com base na localização da abertura uretral, como glandular, peniana, escrotal, perineal e anal. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso raro de hipospadia perineal, em que são abordados seus aspectos clínicos e terapêuticos, em um cão macho, sem raça definida, com seis meses de idade. Um canino com histórico de suspeita de hermafroditismo e presença de um orifício, logo abaixo do ânus, pelo qual urinava foi atendido no Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS. Durante o exame físico, foi observado o meato uretral localizado ventralmente ao ânus, além de alterações no prepúcio, pênis e escroto. Foram realizados exames de triagem, tais como: hemograma completo, urinálise, ecografia abdominal e uretrocistografia. O cão foi encaminhado para a cirurgia, quando foi submetido à amputação peniana e prepucial total e também à orquiectomia. O canino recebeu antibioticoterapia, analgésicos, anti-inflamatório e limpezas diárias dos pontos e da região perineal e apresentou excelente recuperação pós-operatória. Após 30 dias da cirurgia, o paciente retornou ao hospital, e foi verificada completa cicatrização da ferida cirúrgica, sem sinais de infecção urinária e inflamação ou assaduras na região perineal. A hipospadia perineal é um caso raro de anomalia uretral congênita, ainda pouco documentada em medicina veterinária. O procedimento cirúrgico realizado demonstrou ser importante, uma vez que removeu toda a genitália externa defeituosa, onde, futuramente, poderiam desenvolver-se infecções e/ou inflamações. Com isso, minimizou as complicações dessa doença e melhorou a qualidade de vida do paciente.

Na+/Ca2+ exchange and Na+/K+-ATPase in the heart

Science.gov (United States)

Shattock, Michael J; Ottolia, Michela; Bers, Donald M; Blaustein, Mordecai P; Boguslavskyi, Andrii; Bossuyt, Julie; Bridge, John H B; Chen-Izu, Ye; Clancy, Colleen E; Edwards, Andrew; Goldhaber, Joshua; Kaplan, Jack; Lingrel, Jerry B; Pavlovic, Davor; Philipson, Kenneth; Sipido, Karin R; Xie, Zi-Jian

2015-01-01

This paper is the third in a series of reviews published in this issue resulting from the University of California Davis Cardiovascular Symposium 2014: Systems approach to understanding cardiac excitation–contraction coupling and arrhythmias: Na+ channel and Na+ transport. The goal of the symposium was to bring together experts in the field to discuss points of consensus and controversy on the topic of sodium in the heart. The present review focuses on cardiac Na+/Ca2+ exchange (NCX) and Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA). While the relevance of Ca2+ homeostasis in cardiac function has been extensively investigated, the role of Na+ regulation in shaping heart function is often overlooked. Small changes in the cytoplasmic Na+ content have multiple effects on the heart by influencing intracellular Ca2+ and pH levels thereby modulating heart contractility. Therefore it is essential for heart cells to maintain Na+ homeostasis. Among the proteins that accomplish this task are the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) and the Na+/K+ pump (NKA). By transporting three Na+ ions into the cytoplasm in exchange for one Ca2+ moved out, NCX is one of the main Na+ influx mechanisms in cardiomyocytes. Acting in the opposite direction, NKA moves Na+ ions from the cytoplasm to the extracellular space against their gradient by utilizing the energy released from ATP hydrolysis. A fine balance between these two processes controls the net amount of intracellular Na+ and aberrations in either of these two systems can have a large impact on cardiac contractility. Due to the relevant role of these two proteins in Na+ homeostasis, the emphasis of this review is on recent developments regarding the cardiac Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX1) and Na+/K+ pump and the controversies that still persist in the field. PMID:25772291

Altered Na+ transport after an intracellular alpha-subunit deletion reveals strict external sequential release of Na+ from the Na/K pump.

Science.gov (United States)

Yaragatupalli, Siddhartha; Olivera, J Fernando; Gatto, Craig; Artigas, Pablo

2009-09-08

The Na/K pump actively exports 3 Na(+) in exchange for 2 K(+) across the plasmalemma of animal cells. As in other P-type ATPases, pump function is more effective when the relative affinity for transported ions is altered as the ion binding sites alternate between opposite sides of the membrane. Deletion of the five C-terminal residues from the alpha-subunit diminishes internal Na(+) (Na(i)(+)) affinity approximately 25-fold [Morth et al. (2007) Nature 450:1043-1049]. Because external Na(+) (Na(o)(+)) binding is voltage-dependent, we studied the reactions involving this process by using two-electrode and inside-out patch voltage clamp in normal and truncated (DeltaKESYY) Xenopus-alpha1 pumps expressed in oocytes. We observed that DeltaKESYY (i) decreased both Na(o)(+) and Na(i)(+) apparent affinities in the absence of K(o)(+), and (ii) did not affect apparent Na(o)(+) affinity at high K(o)(+). These results support a model of strict sequential external release of Na(+) ions, where the Na(+)-exclusive site releases Na(+) before the sites shared with K(+) and the DeltaKESYY deletion only reduces Na(o)(+) affinity at the shared sites. Moreover, at nonsaturating K(o)(+), DeltaKESYY induced an inward flow of Na(+) through Na/K pumps at negative potentials. Guanidinium(+) can also permeate truncated pumps, whereas N-methyl-D-glucamine cannot. Because guanidinium(o)(+) can also traverse normal Na/K pumps in the absence of both Na(o)(+) and K(o)(+) and can also inhibit Na/K pump currents in a Na(+)-like voltage-dependent manner, we conclude that the normal pathway transited by the first externally released Na(+) is large enough to accommodate guanidinium(+).

Análise morfológica dos fissurados de lábio e palato do Centro de Tratamento de Anomalias Craniofaciais do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Morphological analysis of patients with cleft of lip and palate from Treatment Center of Craniofacial Anomalies of Rio de Janeiro state

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexandre de Almeida Ribeiro

2007-10-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: caracterizar o padrão oclusal e facial para diagnosticar as necessidades reabilitadoras dos fissurados de lábio e palato do Centro de Tratamento de Anomalias Craniofaciais do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. METODOLOGIA: vinte indivíduos, com fissura transforame incisivo unilateral, operados de lábio e palato, sem histórico de tratamento ortodôntico, foram avaliados, por meio de modelos de gesso superior, quanto à dimensão transversa e forma do arco superior, assim como a presença de mordidas cruzadas, com os modelos em MIH. O padrão facial, analisado por meio de fotografias de perfil, e a presença de enxerto ósseo na área da fissura, diagnosticada através de radiografias oclusais, foram também determinados. Os dados referentes à dimensão transversa foram confrontados com as médias de um grupo com oclusão normal (n=22. RESULTADOS: a comparação indicou forte atresia do arco superior associada a diferentes mordidas cruzadas na amostra fissurada. Já o padrão facial revelou clara deficiência do terço médio, enquanto o enxerto ósseo alveolar não se fez presente no processo de reabilitação. CONCLUSÃO: a atresia maxilar em associação com as mordidas cruzadas são fatos que comprovam o impacto negativo das cirurgias de lábio e palato no crescimento tridimensional da maxila. A busca pelo padrão ouro de reabilitação não será possível sem o enxerto ósseo, uma modalidade cirúrgica que confere unidade à base óssea maxilar e provê integridade ao rebordo alveolar.AIM: To characterize the occlusion and facial pattern to diagnose the rehabilitation requirements of patients with cleft of lip and palate from Center for Treatment of Craniofacial Anomalies of Rio de Janeiro state. METHODS: A sample of 20 cleft lip and palate patients, operated of lip and palate, without orthodontic treatment were selected. The transversal dimensions and morphology of maxillary dental arches, as well as facial pattern and inherent

ANÁLISE DOS CICLOS DE PRECIPITAÇÃO NA REGIÃO DE BOA VISTA - RR NOS ANOS DE 1910 A 2014

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Danielle Alves Silva

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Este estudo buscou relacionar e identificar a influência dos fenômenos ENOS nos índices de precipitação da série histórica (1910 a 2014 da estação pluviométrica de Boa Vista, Capital do Estado de Roraima, Brasil. Os procedimentos metodológicos compreenderam: a análises estatísticas dos dados diários, mensais e anuais para definição da série pluviométrica identificação de diferentes ciclos pluviométricos; b identificação e confrontação dos dados pluviométricos com os períodos de vigência dos fenômenos ENOS (El Niño e La Niña a fim de identificar relações destes com anomalias observadas na série histórica. A análise da série histórica permitiu a identificação de quatro ciclos pluviométricos, representados por dois ciclos secos e outros dois úmidos. Os eventos ENOS (El Niño e La Niña apresentaram grande compatibilidade com as variações pluviométricas da série. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade do estado e da sociedade civil se organizar aos efeitos dos ciclos de El Niño, em especial a retração do volume superficial de água disponível, estações secas mais fortes e ampliação de eventos de queimadas e, no caso dos ciclos de  La Niña, recorrência de cheias e eventos associados.

New insight into the microtexture of chalks from NMR analysis

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Faÿ-Gomord, Ophélie; Soete, Jeroen; Katika, Konstantina

2016-01-01

An integrated petrographical and petrophysical study was carried out on a set of 35 outcrop chalk samples, covering a wide range of lithologies and textures. In this study various chalk rock-types have been characterized, in terms of microtextures and porous network, by integrating both geologica...

Active transport of Na+ by reconstituted Na,K-ATPase

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Boldyrev, A.A.; Svinukhova, I.A.

1987-01-01

The ability of ATP, CTP, ITP, GTP, and UTP to support ouabain-sensitive accumulation of Na + by proteoliposomes with a reconstituted Na/K-pump was investigated. At a low [Na + ]/[K + ] ratio in the medium (20 mM/50 mM), a correlation is observed between the proton-accepting capacity of the nucleotide and its effectiveness as a substrate of active transport. To test the hypothesis of the importance of the presence of a negative charge in the 1-position of the purine (3-pyrimidine) base of the nucleotide for mutual transitions between the Na- and K-conformations of Na,K-ATPase they used two analogs of ATP: N 1 -hydroxy-ATP, possessing proton acceptor capacity, and N 1 -methoxy-ATP, in the molecule of which the negative charge is quenched by a methyl group. The first substrate supports active accumulation of Na + in proteoliposomes at the same rate as ATP, whereas the second substrate is relatively ineffective

Investigation on U - O - Na, Pu - O - Na and U,Pu - O - Na phase diagrams

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pillon, S.

1989-03-01

The thermochemical interaction between the nuclear fuel (uranium and plutonium mixed oxides) and the sodium has been investigated and particularly the three phase diagrams: U - O - Na; Pu - O - Na; U,Pu - O - Na. High temperature neutron diffraction, microcalorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction were used for the characterization of the compounds synthetized. This study allowed to complete the knowledge about each of these diagrams and to measure some physical and thermal properties on the compounds. The limits on the modelization of the fuel-sodium interaction are discussed from the results of the UO 2 - Na reaction [fr

The Containment of Radioactive Wastes in Deep Geologic Formations; L'Elimination des Dechets Radioactifs dans les Formations Geologiques Profondes; 0423 0414 0414 ; Evacuacion de Desechos Radiactivos en Formaciones Geologicas Profundas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kaufman, W. J. [University of California, Berkeley (United States)

1960-07-01

desechos en estado semi-solido que han de almacenarse de modo permanente. Se estima que en tales casos las formaciones geologicas profundas pueden constituir un lugar de evacuacion satisfactorio desde el punto de vista de la seguridad y de la economia. En las formaciones de arenisca resulta posible acumular grandes cantidades de desechos con un alto grado de estabilidad del confinamiento. Merced a sus cavidades intersticiales y caracteristicas de intercambio ionico, esas formaciones suelen poseer una capacidad de almacenamiento muy considerable. En principio, el sistema de evacuacion que utiliza las formaciones geologicas profundas ha de consistir en un conjunto de pozos de inyeccion por los que se introducen los desechos, y de pozos de compensacion que sirven para reducir la presion en la boca de los pozos, medir la radiactividad y dirigir el flujo de tal modo que se aproveche al maximo la capacidad de almacenamiento de la formacion. Entre los datos necesarios para proyectar un sistema de este tipo figuran las propiedades de dispersion de la formacion sus caracteristicas de intercambio ionico y las propiedades quimicas y radioquimicas de los desechos. En el Centro tecnologico experimental de la Universidad de California viene funcionando desde hace dos anos un sistema piloto de dos pozos con una capa acuifera. (author) [Russian] Obychno na predprijatijah himicheskoj obrabatyvajushhej promyshlennosti radioaktivnye othody s nizkim i srednim urovnjami aktivnosti imejut mesto v takom bol'shom kolichestve, chto ih hranenie v techenie dolgogo vremeni nerentabel'no. Vo mnogih sluchajah himicheskaja obrabotka othodov mozhet obespechit' dostatochnuju ih dezaktivizaciju dlja otvoda othodov v reki ili morja. Odnako v nekotoryh sluchajah takie metody trebujut zatrat i libo ne obespechivajut dostatochnoj dezaktivacii, libo privodjat v itoge k obrazovaniju chrezvychajno bol'shogo kolichestva polutverdyh othodov, dlja kotoryh neobhodimo obespechit' stacionarnoe hranenie. Predpolagaetsja

Measurement of exchangeable sodium: 22Na or 24Na

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Smith, T.; Edmonds, C.J.

1987-01-01

A case is made for the use of 22 Na in low activities in preference to 24 Na for routine diagnostic estimation of exchangeable sodium, and is based chiefly on considerations of availability, cost and radiation dosimetry. A method in which only 37 kBq (1 μCi) 22 Na is administered orally is shown to be sufficiently accurate and to possess distinct advantages in terms of cost and convenience with a committed radiation dose no greater than that for a measurement using 24 Na. (author)

Suppression of Na interstitials in Na-F codoped ZnO

Science.gov (United States)

Huo, Wenxing; Mei, Zengxia; Tang, Aihua; Liang, Huili; Du, Xiaolong

2018-04-01

Controlling the formation of interstitial Na (Nai) self-compensating defects has been a long-term physics problem for effective Na doping in ZnO. Herein, we present an experimental approach to the suppression of Nai defects in ZnO via Na and F codoping under an oxygen-rich condition during the molecular beam epitaxy growth process. It is found that the incorporation of such large numbers of Na and F dopants (˜1020 cm-3) does not cause an obvious influence on the lattice parameters. Hall-effect measurements demonstrate that F doping efficiently raises the Fermi level (EF) of ZnO films, which is expected to make the formation energy of Nai and NaZn increase and decrease, respectively. Most of the Na atoms occupy the substitutional Zn sites, and the formation of Nai is suppressed consequently. Secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements reveal that F and Na atoms are tightly bonded together due to their strong Coulomb interaction. The enhanced deep level emission (DLE) in ZnO:Na-F is ascribed to the considerable amount of isolated Zn vacancy (VZn) defects induced by the elevated EF and the formation of neutral (" separators="| FO + - Na Zn - ) 0 complexes. On the other hand, formation of (" separators="| FO + - VZn 2 - ) - complexes in ZnO:F exhausts most of the isolated Zn vacancies, leading to the disappearance of the DLE band.

Presença de trialometanos na água e efeitos adversos na gravidez Trihalomethanes in drinking water and adverse effects on pregnancy

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Sônia Maria dos Santos

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho constituiu um estudo do tipo transversal, que objetivou avaliar a possível associação entre a exposição a trialometanos presentes na rede pública de abastecimento de água da região metropolitana de São Paulo e a ocorrência de desfechos adversos na gravidez. Para a realização deste estudo, foram selecionados 19 municípios da região metropolitana de São Paulo que eram abastecidos por apenas uma estação de tratamento de água, no período de 1998 a 2002. Partiu-se da verificação dos níveis de trialometanos na água de abastecimento e da análise da prevalência de baixo peso ao nascer, prematuridade, anomalias congênitas, defeitos no tubo neural e no sistema nervoso central, nos recém-nascidos dos municípios estudados, para se analisar a associação entre a exposição a trialometanos e a ocorrência de desfechos adversos na gravidez. A população estudada consistiu em todas as mulheres grávidas e seus filhos recém-nascidos, residentes nos municípios selecionados durante o período de estudo, que tiveram suas declarações de nascido vivo registradas no Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINASC. Os níveis de trialometanos foram tratados como categorias. A análise descritiva foi seguida pela análise univariada, e esta pela análise multivariada. Para expressar as possíveis associações dos desfechos pesquisados com os trialometanos foi utilizado o teste qui-quadrado, seguido da estimativa das razões de chance (odds ratio - OR com intervalos de 95% de confiança. O controle das variáveis de confusão se deu através da análise de regressão logística múltipla não condicional, seguindo os procedimentos de Hosmer e Lemeshow (2000. As variáveis que apresentaram nível de significância estatística (p This paper describes a cross-sectional study that aimed to evaluate the possible association between exposure to trihalomethanes present in public water supplies in the metropolitan region

OGLAŠEVANJE NA DRUŽBENIH OMREŽJIH NA PRIMERU FACEBOOKA

OpenAIRE

Novak, Martina

2012-01-01

V diplomskem delu obravnavamo družbene medije kot novo priložnost za promocijo in oglaševanje podjetij. Spoznali smo družbena omrežja na splošno in nekaj teh, ki jih uporabljamo tudi v Sloveniji na kratko predstavili. Podrobneje smo se osredotočili na družbeno omrežje Facebook, predvsem na samo spletno stran, njen izgled in storitve, ki jih ponuja uporabnikom. V nalogi je podrobneje opisan Facebook kot orodje za uporabo oglaševanja. Spoznali smo brezplačne in plačljive načine promocije in ogl...

Na+,K+-ATPase Na+ affinity in rat skeletal muscle fiber types

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kristensen, Michael; Juel, Carsten

2010-01-01

Previous studies in expression systems have found different ion activation of the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase isozymes, which suggest that different muscles have different ion affinities. The rate of ATP hydrolysis was used to quantify Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity, and the Na(+) affinity of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase...

Crystal structure of Na+, K(+)-ATPase in the Na(+)-bound state.

Science.gov (United States)

Nyblom, Maria; Poulsen, Hanne; Gourdon, Pontus; Reinhard, Linda; Andersson, Magnus; Lindahl, Erik; Fedosova, Natalya; Nissen, Poul

2013-10-04

The Na(+), K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) maintains the electrochemical gradients of Na(+) and K(+) across the plasma membrane--a prerequisite for electrical excitability and secondary transport. Hitherto, structural information has been limited to K(+)-bound or ouabain-blocked forms. We present the crystal structure of a Na(+)-bound Na(+), K(+)-ATPase as determined at 4.3 Å resolution. Compared with the K(+)-bound form, large conformational changes are observed in the α subunit whereas the β and γ subunit structures are maintained. The locations of the three Na(+) sites are indicated with the unique site III at the recently suggested IIIb, as further supported by electrophysiological studies on leak currents. Extracellular release of the third Na(+) from IIIb through IIIa, followed by exchange of Na(+) for K(+) at sites I and II, is suggested.

Pediatras e os distúrbios respiratórios do sono na criança Pediatricians and sleep-disordered breathing in the child

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aracy Pereira Silveira Balbani

2005-04-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: pesquisar as opiniões e condutas de pediatras frente aos distúrbios respiratórios do sono (DRS em crianças. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados aleatoriamente 516 pediatras do Estado de São Paulo. Foi enviado aos pediatras, por correio, um formulário de questões sobre: perfil profissional, seu conhecimento do DRS na criança, opiniões e condutas para diagnóstico e tratamento dessa doença. RESULTADOS: Retornaram preenchidos 112 questionários anônimos (21,7%. O ensino de DRS na infância durante a graduação e a residência médica em Pediatria foi considerado insatisfatório, respectivamente, por 65,2% e 34,8% dos pediatras. Quarenta e nove pediatras (43,8% avaliaram seu conhecimento de DRS na criança como regular, 39 (34,8% como bom e 17 (15,2% como insatisfatório. As questões de anamnese do sono consideradas mais importantes foram: respiração bucal, pausas respiratórias, número de horas de sono, sonolência diurna excessiva e chiado noturno. Os dados clínicos considerados mais importantes para a suspeita de síndrome da apnéia obstrutiva do sono (SAOS foram: pausas respiratórias, hipertrofia da adenóide, respiração bucal, presença de anomalia craniofacial e ronco. As principais condutas citadas para diagnóstico de SAOS na criança foram: radiografia do cavum e avaliação com otorrinolaringologista (25% e oximetria de pulso noturna (14,2%. Somente 11,6% dos pediatras indicaram a polissonografia de noite inteira e 4,5%, a polissonografia breve diurna. As condutas consideradas mais eficazes para tratamento de DRS foram: cirurgias de adenoidectomia e adenotonsilectomia, orientação aos pais, perda de peso e higiene do sono. CONCLUSÕES: Há um descompasso entre as pesquisas sobre DRS na infância e sua abordagem na prática pediátrica.OBJECTIVES: assessment of opinions and practices of pediatricians concerning sleep-disordered breathing (SDB in children. METHODS: randomly 516 pediatricians were selected in the

Anomalia de Ebstein em paciente adulto: valvuloplastia modificada para correção de insuficiência tricúspide Ebstein's anomaly in adult patients: modified repair technique for tricuspid insufficiency

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mauro Barbosa ARRUDA FILHO

2002-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a correção cirúrgica em pacientes adultos portadores de anomalia de Ebstein, utilizando uma variação técnica para correção da insuficiência tricúspide. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODOS: Entre janeiro de 1990 e março de 2001, seis pacientes adultos foram submetidos à correção cirúrgica com uma variação da técnica apresentada por Carpentier. A idade variou de 18 a 34 anos. Todos se apresentavam em classe funcional III ou IV (NYHA, com piora da cianose ou arritmias freqüentes. Em quatro pacientes a valva tricúspide era do tipo B e em dois do tipo A (Carpentier, quatro apresentavam comunicação interatrial (CIA associada. O hematócrito variou de 33% a 68%. O índice cardíaco variou de 0.47 a 0.88. A fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo variou de 50% a 80%. RESULTADOS: Não se registrou óbitos no período hospitalar. Um paciente foi reoperado por sangramento no pós-operatório imediato. Em dois pacientes ocorreram derrames pericárdicos de repetição. Foi registrado um óbito no 14º mês de pós-operatório por morte súbita. Os pacientes foram seguidos por um período de 10 a 108 meses. Quatro encontram-se em classe funcional I e um encontra-se em classe funcional II (NYHA. O ecocardiograma no pós-operatório imediato e na última avaliação mostra insuficiência tricúspide discreta ou moderada em quatro e importante em um paciente. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar do pequeno número de pacientes nesta série, a modificação técnica cumpriu o seu papel, com a melhora clínica e funcional dos pacientes tratados em até nove anos de seguimento.PURPOSE: To value the surgical treatment of adult patients with Ebstein's anomaly, using a Carpentier's modified repair technique. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between January 1990 and March 2001 six adult patients with Ebstein's anomaly were treated using a modification of Carpentier's repair technique, four were males and two were females, ages ranging from 18 to 34 years (Mean 23

A utilidade da TC de tórax no diagnóstico do sequestro pulmonar Usefulness of chest CT in the diagnosis of pulmonary sequestration

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Gustavo Pugliese

2010-04-01

Full Text Available O sequestro pulmonar é uma rara anomalia congênita, caracterizada por tecido pulmonar embrionário não funcionante, perfazendo 0,15-6,40% de todas as malformações pulmonares congênitas. Essa anomalia envolve o parênquima e a vascularização pulmonar, sendo classificado como intralobar ou extralobar. Neste relato, descrevemos o caso de um paciente de 56 anos com hemoptise e imagem hipotransparente retrocardíaca em base de hemitórax esquerdo na radiografia de tórax. Após a realização de TC com contraste endovenoso, foi evidenciada a presença de sequestro pulmonar. O paciente foi submetido à cirurgia para a retirada do tecido anômalo, que foi realizada com sucesso. Apresentou boa evolução pós-operatória e recebeu alta com acompanhamento ambulatorial.Pulmonary sequestration is a rare congenital anomaly, characterized by nonfunctional embryonic pulmonary tissue. Pulmonary sequestration accounts for 0.15-6.40% of all congenital pulmonary malformations. This anomaly, which is classified as intralobar or extralobar, involves the lung parenchyma and its vascularization. We report the case of a 56-year-old male presenting with hemoptysis. A chest X-ray showed an area of opacity behind the cardiac silhouette in the base of the left hemithorax. Chest CT scans with intravenous contrast revealed pulmonary sequestration. The patient underwent surgery, in which the anomalous tissue was successful resected. The postoperative evolution was favorable, and the patient was discharged to outpatient treatment.

Meltability in system of K2TaF7-NaF-NaCl-KCl

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kartsev, V.E.; Kovalev, F.V.; Korshunov, B.G.

1975-01-01

Thermographic and visual-polythermal techniques were used to study the meltability in K 2 TaF 7 -NaF-NaCl-KCl system. The tetrahedron-forming sections NaF-NaCl-K 2 TaF 7 xKCl and NaF-K 2 TaF 7 xKCl-2K 2 TaF 7 xNaCl divide the concentration tetrahedron into three particular tetrahedra: NaF-K 2 TaF 7 xKCl-2K 2 TaF 7 xNaCl-K 2 TaF 7 , NaF-NaCl-K 2 TaF 7 xKCl-2K 2 TaF 7 xaCl, and NaF-NaCl-KCl-K 2 TaF 7 xKCl. Non-variant equilibrium points in all of the particular four-component systems have been determined

Active transport of Na/sup +/ by reconstituted Na,K-ATPase

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Boldyrev, A.A.; Svinukhova, I.A.

1987-02-20

The ability of ATP, CTP, ITP, GTP, and UTP to support ouabain-sensitive accumulation of Na/sup +/ by proteoliposomes with a reconstituted Na/K-pump was investigated. At a low (Na/sup +/)/(K/sup +/) ratio in the medium (20 mM/50 mM), a correlation is observed between the proton-accepting capacity of the nucleotide and its effectiveness as a substrate of active transport. To test the hypothesis of the importance of the presence of a negative charge in the 1-position of the purine (3-pyrimidine) base of the nucleotide for mutual transitions between the Na- and K-conformations of Na,K-ATPase they used two analogs of ATP: N/sub 1/-hydroxy-ATP, possessing proton acceptor capacity, and N/sub 1/-methoxy-ATP, in the molecule of which the negative charge is quenched by a methyl group. The first substrate supports active accumulation of Na/sup +/ in proteoliposomes at the same rate as ATP, whereas the second substrate is relatively ineffective.

Relationship between intracellular Na+ concentration and reduced Na+ affinity in Na+,K+-ATPase mutants causing neurological disease

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Toustrup-Jensen, Mads Schak; Einholm, Anja P.; Schack, Vivien

The neurological disorders familial hemiplegic migraine type 2 (FHM2), alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC), and rapid-onset dystonia parkinsonism (RDP) are caused by mutations of Na+,K+-ATPase α2 and α3 isoforms, expressed in glial and neuronal cells, respectively. Although these disorders......, addressing the question to what extent they cause a change of the intracellular Na+ and K+ concentrations ([Na+]i and [K+]i) in COS cells. C-terminal extension mutants generally showed dramatically reduced Na+ affinity without disturbance of K+ binding, as did other RDP mutants. No phosphorylation from ATP...

MOŽNOSTI VSTOPA NA TUJE TRGE NA PRIMERU PODJETJA AWOODTURE

OpenAIRE

Orličnik, Urša

2014-01-01

Danes pojavljanje podjetja samo na domačem trgu ni več dovolj. Spremembe okolja, naraščanje konkurence ter hiter tehnološki napredek, silijo podjetja k nenehnemu prilagajanju in iskanju novih priložnosti tako na domačem kot tudi na tujem trgu. Internacionalizacija podjetja tako postaja vedno bolj pomemembna za preživetje podjetja. Internacionalizacija se v najširšem smislu nanaša na vse oblike mednarodnega ekonomskega sodelovanja. Je dinamičen proces, kateremu nujno sledi sprememba stanja...

Geological uncertainties in the estimates of royalties; As incertezas geologicas na previsao de receitas de 'royalties'

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Silva, Jose Otavio; Chaves, Hernani A. Fernandes [Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), RJ (Brazil). Dept. de Estratigrafia e Paleontologia. Geologia do Petroleo, Gas Natural e Carvao; Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Centro de Informacoes de Petroleo e Gas Natural (CIPEG), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2008-07-01

In the economic analysis of oil basins, several variables are involved, such as: reserves, exploration risk, technology, production, price, among others. In the present we will focus on the variables reserves, production and prices. The geologic uncertainties in the analysis of petroleum basins start with the quantification of the reserves, which present diverse classifications and varied concepts. Within the geologic uncertainties, the production is one of the variables which influence the payment of royalties, due to the fluctuations that occur in the production cycle during the useful life of a producing field. To arrive at the production phase, the production chain indicates exploration, evaluation and development, stages which must be overcome so the final objective can be reached, which is the extraction of oil. The peculiar characteristics of the industry and the production chain, composed of several phases, besides the political and financial risk inherent to the petroleum activity, mean that high investments are necessary in order to maintain increasing production to meet the consumption requirements. First the reserves, then the development, exploration and, finally, the production are evaluated. The price is one of the components in the calculation of oil royalties, being influenced by diverse internal and external factors, which will be shown during the course of this work. (author)

Na/K pump inactivation, subsarcolemmal Na measurements, and cytoplasmic ion turnover kinetics contradict restricted Na spaces in murine cardiac myocytes

OpenAIRE

Lu, Fang-Min; Hilgemann, Donald W.

2017-01-01

The Na/K pump exports cytoplasmic Na ions while importing K ions, and its activity is thought to be affected by restricted intracellular Na diffusion in cardiac myocytes. Lu and Hilgemann find instead that the pump can enter an inactivated state and that inactivation can be relieved by cytoplasmic Na.

Caracterização geologica e geofisica da estrutura de impacto Domo de Vargeão, SC

OpenAIRE

Cesar Kazzuo Vieira

2009-01-01

Resumo: O Domo de Vargeão (SC), com 12,4km de diâmetro, é uma estrutura de impacto do tipo complexa parcialmente erodida, formada sobre os derrames vulcânicos da Formação Serra Geral, na bacia do Paraná. Em seu interior afloram, de forma anômala, arenitos atribuídos ás formações Botucatu e Pirambóia, normalmente situados a cerca de 1km abaixo da superfície atual. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi a caracterização geológica e geofísica do Domo de Vargeão, em superfície e em subsuperfície, ...

Vpliv toplotnih mostov na porabo energije za ogrevanje na primeru osnovne šole

OpenAIRE

Megušar, Primož

2015-01-01

Na primeru Osnovne šole Dobrova sem preveril, kakšen vpliv imajo dejanski toplotni mostovi na porabo energije za ogrevanje. Iz načrtov stavbe sem evidentiral vse toplotne mostove, kateri vplivajo na porabo energije. Tem toplotnim mostovom sem nato v standardu SIST EN ISO 14683 poiskal ustrezne približke. Nato sem s programom TOST izvedel tri simulacije. V prvem primeru toplotnih mostov nisem upošteval. V drugem primeru sem toplotne mostove upošteval na poenostavljen način, v zadnjem primeru p...

Na and K dependence of the Na/K pump in cystic fibrosis fibroblasts.

OpenAIRE

Reznik, V M; Schneider, J A; Mendoza, S A

1981-01-01

The Na and K dependence of the Na/K pump was measured in skin fibroblasts from patients with cystic fibrosis and age/sex-matched controls. Under basal conditions, there was no difference between control and cystic fibrosis cells in protein per cell, intracellular Na and K content, or Na/K pump activity (measured as ouabain-sensitive 86Rb uptake). There was no difference in the Na dependence of the Na/K pump between cystic fibrosis cells and control cells. In cells from patients with cystic fi...

Vliv mikroflóry na senzorické vlastnosti vína

OpenAIRE

Petrášová, Ludmila

2014-01-01

Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá vlivem mikroflóry na senzorické vlastnosti vína. Teoretická část informuje o botanickém popisu hroznů vína Veltlínské zelené, dále o jeho složení, o technologii zpracování bílého vína a o vlivu kvasinek na aromatický profil vína. V další části popisuje metodu stanovení aromaticky aktivních látek pomocí plynové chromatografie v kombinaci s mikroextrakcí tuhou fází (SPME-GC). Cílem experimentální části bylo proměřit vzorky 4 různých moštů odrůdy Veltlínské zelené...

Síndrome de Joubert

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Andreia Vilas-Boas

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Mulher de 30 anos, com antecedentes de atraso do desenvolvimento psicomotor inicial. Observada em consulta por crises tónico-clónicas generalizadas. Ao exame objectivo apresentava, apraxia oculomotora subtil, estrabismo divergente do olho esquerdo e marcha de base alargada com instabilidade. Durante o estudo etiológico da epilepsia realizada ressonância magnética encefálica (RMN que revelou a hipoplasia do vérmis do cerebelo, formando “sinal do dente molar”, sugestivo de síndrome de Joubert. O Síndrome de Joubert é uma doença autossómica recessiva caracterizada por um largo espectro de malformações do rombencéfalo. O síndrome clássico define-se pela presença do “sinal do dente molar” em RMN, na dependência do alargamento das vias de circulação de líquor por hipoplasia de tecido cerebral; défice cognitivo/atraso do desenvolvimento; hipotonia na infância e anomalias dos movimentos oculares. Esta doente apresenta três destes critérios. O tratamento consiste sobretudo na resolução de condições associadas, sendo o prognóstico dependente da gravidade da malformação.

Sedimentary petrology of oil well rock cores; Petrologia sedimentaria de nucleos de rocas de pozos petroleros

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Izquierdo M, Georgina; Paredes S, Adriana [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca, Morelos (Mexico)

2001-07-01

At the request of PEMEX Exploration and Production (PEP), in the area of Geology of the Gerencia de Geotermia, the necessary methodology has been integrated to carry out the geologic characterization of cores obtained during the oil well drilling. The integrated studies have been of utility for PEMEX, because they provide detailed information on the processes, conditions of deposition and diagenesis that occur in sedimentary rocks. On the other hand, this geologic information contributes to the update of the geologic model of the field in study. [Spanish] A solicitud de PEMEX Exploracion y Produccion (PEP), en el area de Geologia de la Gerencia de Geotermia, se ha integrado la metodologia necesaria para llevar a cabo la caracterizacion geologica de nucleos obtenidos durante la perforacion de pozos petroleros. Los estudios integrados han sido de utilidad para PEMEX, pues proporcionan informacion detallada sobre los procesos, condiciones de depositacion y diagenesis que ocurren en rocas sedimentarias. Por otro lado, esta informacion geologica contribuye a la actualizacion del modelo geologico del campo en estudio.

Study of the Na-C-O and Na-H-O ternary systems in the sodium rich corner

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maupre, J.-P.

1978-02-01

The purpose of this study is to provide a contribution to the understanding of the sodium - carbon - oxygen and sodium - hydrogen - oxygen ternary systems in the sodium rich corner. In order to do this the Na-NaH-Na 2 O-NaOH phase diagram was completed and the Na-Na 2 O-Na 2 CO 3 -C phase diagram was outlined. This work is made up of two parts. The first is devoted to a critical literature survey essential to establish correct phase diagrams. The second is an experimental study followed by a discussion collating our finding to the literary data. The basic experimental technique used is differential thermal analysis (DTA) but it has been completed by quenching, X-ray and chemical analysis methods. The proposed phase diagrams imply that Na-NaH-Na 2 O-NaOH and Na-Na 2 O-Na 2 CO 3 -C systems are reciprocal ternary systems. Temperatures of stable pairs reversal are respectively 410 and 690 0 C. The stable pairs are Na-NaOH and Na-Na 2 CO 3 at elevated temperature, Na 2 O-NaH and Na 2 O-C at low temperature [fr

Response of saliva Na/K ratio to changing Na supply of lactating cows under tropical conditions.

Science.gov (United States)

Thiangtum, Wandee; Schonewille, J Thomas; Verstegen, Martin Wa; Arsawakulsudhi, Supot; Rukkwamsuk, Theera; Hendriks, Wouter H

2017-06-01

Factorial determination of the sodium (Na) requirement of heat-stressed lactating cows is hindered by accurate estimates of the Na losses through sweat. Direct studies, therefore, may be needed requiring information on the time course of healthy animals to become Na depleted and the subsequent rate of repletion. The rate of Na depletion and subsequent rate of Na repletion with two levels of dietary Na to lactating dairy cows housed under tropical conditions were investigated using the salivary Na/K. The 12 lactating cows (salivary Na/K ratio 14.6) rapidly developed clinical signs of Na deficiency, including pica, polyuria and polydipsia, reduced body weight and reduced milk yield when fed a low-Na ration (0.33 g kg -1 dry matter (DM)) for 3 weeks. Deficiency symptoms were associated with a rapid decrease in salivary Na/K ratio to cows with NaCl to a ration concentration of 1.1 or 1.6 g Na kg -1 DM for 5 weeks did not restore salivary Na/K ratio to values of >6. A daily Na intake of heat-stressed lactating cows to a ration intake of 1.6 g Na kg -1 DM was insufficient to restore Na deficiency. One week was sufficient to deplete heat-stressed lactating cows of Na, allowing for rapid dose-response studies utilizing the salivary Na/K ratio as a parameter for Na status of cows under tropical conditions. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

Glutathionylation-Dependence of Na+-K+-Pump Currents Can Mimic Reduced Subsarcolemmal Na+ Diffusion

Science.gov (United States)

Garcia, Alvaro; Liu, Chia-Chi; Cornelius, Flemming; Clarke, Ronald J.; Rasmussen, Helge H.

2016-01-01

The existence of a subsarcolemmal space with restricted diffusion for Na+ in cardiac myocytes has been inferred from a transient peak electrogenic Na+-K+ pump current beyond steady state on reexposure of myocytes to K+ after a period of exposure to K+-free extracellular solution. The transient peak current is attributed to enhanced electrogenic pumping of Na+ that accumulated in the diffusion-restricted space during pump inhibition in K+-free extracellular solution. However, there are no known physical barriers that account for such restricted Na+ diffusion, and we examined if changes of activity of the Na+-K+ pump itself cause the transient peak current. Reexposure to K+ reproduced a transient current beyond steady state in voltage-clamped ventricular myocytes as reported by others. Persistence of it when the Na+ concentration in patch pipette solutions perfusing the intracellular compartment was high and elimination of it with K+-free pipette solution could not be reconciled with restricted subsarcolemmal Na+ diffusion. The pattern of the transient current early after pump activation was dependent on transmembrane Na+- and K+ concentration gradients suggesting the currents were related to the conformational poise imposed on the pump. We examined if the currents might be accounted for by changes in glutathionylation of the β1 Na+-K+ pump subunit, a reversible oxidative modification that inhibits the pump. Susceptibility of the β1 subunit to glutathionylation depends on the conformational poise of the Na+-K+ pump, and glutathionylation with the pump stabilized in conformations equivalent to those expected to be imposed on voltage-clamped myocytes supported this hypothesis. So did elimination of the transient K+-induced peak Na+-K+ pump current when we included glutaredoxin 1 in patch pipette solutions to reverse glutathionylation. We conclude that transient K+-induced peak Na+-K+ pump current reflects the effect of conformation-dependent β1 pump subunit

Glutathionylation-Dependence of Na(+)-K(+)-Pump Currents Can Mimic Reduced Subsarcolemmal Na(+) Diffusion.

Science.gov (United States)

Garcia, Alvaro; Liu, Chia-Chi; Cornelius, Flemming; Clarke, Ronald J; Rasmussen, Helge H

2016-03-08

The existence of a subsarcolemmal space with restricted diffusion for Na(+) in cardiac myocytes has been inferred from a transient peak electrogenic Na(+)-K(+) pump current beyond steady state on reexposure of myocytes to K(+) after a period of exposure to K(+)-free extracellular solution. The transient peak current is attributed to enhanced electrogenic pumping of Na(+) that accumulated in the diffusion-restricted space during pump inhibition in K(+)-free extracellular solution. However, there are no known physical barriers that account for such restricted Na(+) diffusion, and we examined if changes of activity of the Na(+)-K(+) pump itself cause the transient peak current. Reexposure to K(+) reproduced a transient current beyond steady state in voltage-clamped ventricular myocytes as reported by others. Persistence of it when the Na(+) concentration in patch pipette solutions perfusing the intracellular compartment was high and elimination of it with K(+)-free pipette solution could not be reconciled with restricted subsarcolemmal Na(+) diffusion. The pattern of the transient current early after pump activation was dependent on transmembrane Na(+)- and K(+) concentration gradients suggesting the currents were related to the conformational poise imposed on the pump. We examined if the currents might be accounted for by changes in glutathionylation of the β1 Na(+)-K(+) pump subunit, a reversible oxidative modification that inhibits the pump. Susceptibility of the β1 subunit to glutathionylation depends on the conformational poise of the Na(+)-K(+) pump, and glutathionylation with the pump stabilized in conformations equivalent to those expected to be imposed on voltage-clamped myocytes supported this hypothesis. So did elimination of the transient K(+)-induced peak Na(+)-K(+) pump current when we included glutaredoxin 1 in patch pipette solutions to reverse glutathionylation. We conclude that transient K(+)-induced peak Na(+)-K(+) pump current reflects the effect

Late results of pulmonary root translocation in the correction of transposition of the great arteries Resultados tardios da translocação da raiz pulmonar na correção da transposição das grandes artérias

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luciana da Fonseca

2003-12-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the late follow-up of pulmonary root translocation, a technique that aims to avoid complications and the need of reoperations related to the Rastelli procedure, in the repair of ventriculo-arterial connection anomalies associated to pulmonary stenosis and ventricular septal defect. METHODS: Five patients, ranging from two months to three years of age, were submitted to anterior pulmonary root translocation, from April 1994 to July 1999. The surgical technique consisted of pulmonary root removal from the left ventricle and its connection to the right ventricle, after patch diversion of the blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta, through the ventricular septal defect. The construction of the right ventricle outflow tract was completed with autologous pericardium. RESULTS: There were neither early nor late deaths. There was no need for re-intervention. The late clinical and echocardiographic follow-ups showed some growth of the pulmonary root, with no clinically significant transpulmonary valve gradient (zero to 41 mmHg and all patients were asymptomatic. CONCLUSION: Pulmonary root translocation showed to be efficient in the repair of ventriculo-arterial connection anomalies, with ventricular septal defect and pulmonary stenosis, and it was employed even in small children, with good early and long-term results, without the need for late reoperations in this small group of patients.OBJETIVO: Este estudo tem por objetivo avaliar a evolução tardia da translocação da raiz pulmonar, técnica que visa evitar as complicações e a necessidade de reintervenções da operação de Rastelli, na correção de anomalias da conexão ventrículo arterial associados à estenose pulmonar (EP e comunicação interventricular (CIV. MÉTODO: Cinco pacientes, com idade de dois meses a três anos, foram submetidos à translocação anterior da raiz pulmonar, no período de abril de 1994 a julho de 1999

Possible influences of pacific decadal oscillation in the ten day based radio between actual and potential evapotranspiration in the region of Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil Possível influência da oscilação decadal do pacífico na razão decendial entre a evapotranspiração real e potencial na região de Campinas (SP, Brasil

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Gabriel Constantino Blain

2009-09-01

entanto, sob o enfoque científico/acadêmico, diferentes "graus de persistência" das séries de anomalias de ETR/ ETP foram observados nas duas fases da PDO. Nas fases frias, foram detectados maiores graus de persistência; sugere-se, assim, que a variabilidade temporal da ETR/ETP na região de Campinas pode estar relacionada à variabilidade de longo prazo da temperatura da superfície dos oceanos tropicais.

La Carta Geomorfologica d’Italia alla scala 1:50.000 Un fondamentale strumento per la pianificazione territoriale

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Roberto Graciotti

2007-04-01

Full Text Available Con l’avvio del Progetto CARG (Cartografia geologica e geotematica alla fine degli anni Ottanta ad opera del Servizio Geologico Nazionale (SGN, la cartografia geomorfologica assume per il nostro Paese una particolare importanza per la sua rilevanza scientifica, soprattutto nel campo della conoscenza fisica del territorio applicata alla pianificazione territoriale.

Signs and symptoms of developmental abnormalities of the genitourinary tract

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Paulo Cesar Koch Nogueira

2016-05-01

geniturinário são a principal causa de doença renal crônica (DRC em crianças. O diagnóstico dessa doença no Brasil é formulado de maneira incompleta e tardia, o que resulta em aumento na morbi-mortalidade nessa faixa etária. O diagnóstico precoce dessa condição é prerrogativa dos pediatras generalistas e o objetivo desse trabalho foi revisar os sinais e sintomas clínicos associados às anormalidades do desenvolvimento do trato geniturinário. Fontes dos dados: A partir da descrição de um caso clínico simbólico, realizamos uma revisão não sistemática da literatura médica. Síntese dos dados: Os resultados sugerem que os seguintes dados devem ser utilizados como alerta para o diagnóstico precoce das crianças acometidas: a anomalias do trato urinário compostas (anomalias cromossômicas, sequências de malformações – VACTERL e Prune-Belly, malformações musculoesqueléticas, do trato digestivo, cardíacas e do sistema nervoso, b antecedentes (anomalias congênitas do rim e trato urinário (CAKUT na família,baixo peso ao nascer e oligoâmnio, c sinais clínicos (polaciúria/noctúria, infecção urinária, hipertensão arterial sistêmica, baixo ganho de peso, jato urinário fraco, dificuldade para iniciar a micção, bexigoma, enurese não monossintomática, urge/incontinência urinária, disfunção do intestino e da bexigae d alterações ultrassonográficas ante e pós-natais (diâmetro ântero-posterior da pélvis renal aumentado principalmente no terceiro trimestre da gestação, rim único, hidronefrose associada a outras anomalias e hidronefrose com comprometimento de parênquima na avaliação pós-neonatal. Conclusão: As sugestões apresentadas podem ajudar o pediatra a estabelecer hipóteses clínicas para o diagnóstico precoce das anormalidades do desenvolvimento do trato geniturinário sem utilização de metodologias caras e invasivas. Keywords: Urinary tract malformations, Chronic kidney disease, Early diagnosis, Child, Palavras

Crystal structure of a Na+-bound Na+,K+-ATPase preceding the E1P state.

Science.gov (United States)

Kanai, Ryuta; Ogawa, Haruo; Vilsen, Bente; Cornelius, Flemming; Toyoshima, Chikashi

2013-10-10

Na(+),K(+)-ATPase pumps three Na(+) ions out of cells in exchange for two K(+) taken up from the extracellular medium per ATP molecule hydrolysed, thereby establishing Na(+) and K(+) gradients across the membrane in all animal cells. These ion gradients are used in many fundamental processes, notably excitation of nerve cells. Here we describe 2.8 Å-resolution crystal structures of this ATPase from pig kidney with bound Na(+), ADP and aluminium fluoride, a stable phosphate analogue, with and without oligomycin that promotes Na(+) occlusion. These crystal structures represent a transition state preceding the phosphorylated intermediate (E1P) in which three Na(+) ions are occluded. Details of the Na(+)-binding sites show how this ATPase functions as a Na(+)-specific pump, rejecting K(+) and Ca(2+), even though its affinity for Na(+) is low (millimolar dissociation constant). A mechanism for sequential, cooperative Na(+) binding can now be formulated in atomic detail.

Na+-H+ exchange and Na+-dependent transport systems in streptozotocin diabetic rat kidneys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

El-Seifi, S.; Freiberg, J.M.; Kinsella, F.J.; Cheng, L.; Sacktor, B.

1987-01-01

The streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat was used to test the hypothesis that Na + -H + exchange activity in the proximal tubule luminal membrane would be increased in association with renal hypertrophy, altered glomerular hemodynamics, enhanced filtered load and tubular reabsorption of 22 Na + , and stimulated 22 Na= pump activity in the basolateral membrane, previously reported characteristics of this experimental animal model. Amiloride-sensitive H + gradient-dependent Na + uptake and Na + gradient-dependent H + flux were increased in brush-border membrane vesicles from the streptozotocin-treated animals. Na + gradient-dependent uptakes of phosphate, D-glucose, L-proline, and myoinositol were decreased in the drug-induced diabetic animals. These membrane transport alterations were not found when the streptozotocin-diabetic animals were treated with insulin

The two C-terminal tyrosines stabilize occluded Na/K pump conformations containing Na or K ions.

Science.gov (United States)

Vedovato, Natascia; Gadsby, David C

2010-07-01

Interactions of the three transported Na ions with the Na/K pump remain incompletely understood. Na/K pump crystal structures show that the extended C terminus of the Na,K-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) alpha subunit directly contacts transmembrane helices. Deletion of the last five residues (KETYY in almost all Na/K pumps) markedly lowered the apparent affinity for Na activation of pump phosphorylation from ATP, a reflection of cytoplasmic Na affinity for forming the occluded E1P(Na3) conformation. ATPase assays further suggested that C-terminal truncations also interfere with low affinity Na interactions, which are attributable to extracellular effects. Because extracellular Na ions traverse part of the membrane's electric field to reach their binding sites in the Na/K pump, their movements generate currents that can be monitored with high resolution. We report here electrical measurements to examine how Na/K pump interactions with extracellular Na ions are influenced by C-terminal truncations. We deleted the last two (YY) or five (KESYY) residues in Xenopus laevis alpha1 Na/K pumps made ouabain resistant by either of two kinds of point mutations and measured their currents as 10-mM ouabain-sensitive currents in Xenopus oocytes after silencing endogenous Xenopus Na/K pumps with 1 microM ouabain. We found the low affinity inhibitory influence of extracellular Na on outward Na/K pump current at negative voltages to be impaired in all of the C-terminally truncated pumps. Correspondingly, voltage jump-induced transient charge movements that reflect pump interactions with extracellular Na ions were strongly shifted to more negative potentials; this signals a several-fold reduction of the apparent affinity for extracellular Na in the truncated pumps. Parallel lowering of Na affinity on both sides of the membrane argues that the C-terminal contacts provide important stabilization of the occluded E1P(Na3) conformation, regardless of the route of Na ion entry into the

Eventos extremos de precipitação no estado do Ceará e suas relações com a temperatura dos oceanos tropicais Extreme rainfall events in Ceará state and its relationship with tropical oceans temperature

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Carlos Antonio Costa dos Santos

2011-03-01

Full Text Available O principal objetivo deste trabalho é prover informações sobre as tendências recentes dos eventos extremos de precipitação sobre o Estado do Ceará, associando esses eventos extremos às anomalias de Temperatura da Superfície do Mar (TSM nos Oceanos Pacífico e Atlântico. Foram utilizados dados pluviométricos de 18 postos de 1971 a 2006 e o método de Mann-Kendall foi utilizado na obtenção das tendências. Os resultados mostram que existem características de aumento nas intensidades das secas e diminuição dos eventos de precipitação forte, e que o aumento nas anomalias de TSM no Pacífico e ao norte do equador, no Oceano Atlântico, acarreta em um aumento do número de dias consecutivos secos no norte do Ceará. Os índices extremos de precipitação mostraram correlações negativas com as anomalias de TSM nas regiões do Pacífico do Atlântico Tropical Norte e positivas com a região do Atlântico Tropical Sul. Entretanto, para a região sul do Ceará, o comportamento dos dias consecutivos chuvosos indica que o período chuvoso é governado por outros sistemas atmosféricos, necessitando assim, ser melhor estudado para o entendimento desse comportamento.The main objective of this study is to provide information about recent trends of extreme rainfall over Ceará State, associating these extreme events with Sea Surface Temperature (SST anomalies in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Mann-Kendall method is applied to rainfall data of 18 rain gauges from 1971 to 2006 to obtain the trends. The results show that the drought intensity is increasing and the heavy precipitation events are decreasing and that the increase in the Pacific and north of equator Atlantic Ocean SST anomalies lead to an increase in the number of consecutive dry days in northern Ceará. Rainfall extreme indices have shown negative correlations with SST anomalies on Pacific and Tropical North Atlantic regions and positive with Tropical South Atlantic region

Anion-coupled Na efflux mediated by the human red blood cell Na/K pump

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dissing, S.; Hoffman, J.F.

1990-01-01

The red cell Na/K pump is known to continue to extrude Na when both Na and K are removed from the external medium. Because this ouabain-sensitive flux occurs in the absence of an exchangeable cation, it is referred to as uncoupled Na efflux. This flux is also known to be inhibited by 5 mM Nao but to a lesser extent than that inhibitable by ouabain. Uncoupled Na efflux via the Na/K pump therefore can be divided into a Nao-sensitive and Nao-insensitive component. We used DIDS-treated, SO4-equilibrated human red blood cells suspended in HEPES-buffered (pHo 7.4) MgSO4 or (Tris)2SO4, in which we measured 22Na efflux, 35SO4 efflux, and changes in the membrane potential with the fluorescent dye, diS-C3 (5). A principal finding is that uncoupled Na efflux occurs electroneurally, in contrast to the pump's normal electrogenic operation when exchanging Nai for Ko. This electroneutral uncoupled efflux of Na was found to be balanced by an efflux of cellular anions. (We were unable to detect any ouabain-sensitive uptake of protons, measured in an unbuffered medium at pH 7.4 with a Radiometer pH-STAT.) The Nao-sensitive efflux of Nai was found to be 1.95 +/- 0.10 times the Nao-sensitive efflux of (SO4)i, indicating that the stoichiometry of this cotransport is two Na+ per SO4=, accounting for 60-80% of the electroneutral Na efflux. The remainder portion, that is, the ouabain-sensitive Nao-insensitive component, has been identified as PO4-coupled Na transport and is the subject of a separate paper. That uncoupled Na efflux occurs as a cotransport with anions is supported by the result, obtained with resealed ghosts, that when internal and external SO4 was substituted by the impermeant anion, tartrate i,o, the efflux of Na was inhibited 60-80%. This inhibition could be relieved by the inclusion, before DIDS treatment, of 5 mM Cli,o

Na5NbO5 and Na5TaO5 phases

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Darriet, J.; Maazaz, A.; Bouloux, J.C.; Delmas, C.

1982-01-01

New ternary oxides of formulas Na 5 NbO 5 and Na 5 TaO 5 have been prepared. They crystallize in the monoclinic system (space group C2/c). The crystal structure of Na 5 NbO 5 has been determined. It derives from a NaCl-type structure by ordering of the cations and of the oxygen vacancies in the anionic sublattice, the corresponding formula being Nasub(5/6)Nbsub(1/6)Osub(5/6)vacant sub(1/6). Sodium and niobium have a distorted square-pyramidal surrounding. (author)

Synthesis of Na-A and/or Na-X zeolite/porous carbon composites from carbonized rice husk

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Katsuki, Hiroaki; Komarneni, Sridhar

2009-01-01

Na-A and/or Na-X zeolite/porous carbon composites were prepared under hydrothermal conditions by NaOH dissolution of silica first from carbonized rice husk followed by addition of NaAlO 2 and in situ crystallization of zeolites i.e., using a two-step process. When a one-step process was used, both Na-A and Na-X zeolites crystallized on the surface of carbon. Na-A or Na-X zeolite crystals were prepared on the porous carbonized rice husk at 90 deg. C for 2-6 h by changing the SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 , H 2 O/Na 2 O and Na 2 O/SiO 2 molar ratios of precursors in the two-step process. The surface area and NH 4 + -cation exchange capacity (CEC) of Na-A zeolite/porous carbon were found to be 171 m 2 /g and 506 meq/100 g, respectively, while those of Na-X zeolite/porous carbon composites were 676 m 2 /g and 317 meq/100 g, respectively. Na-A and Na-X zeolites are well-known microporous and hydrophilic materials while carbonized rice husk was found to be mesoporous (pores of ∼3.9 nm) and hydrophobic. These hybrid microporous-mesoporous and hydrophilic-hydrophobic composites are expected to be useful for decontamination of metal cations as well as organic contaminants simultaneously. - Graphical Abstract: Novel Na-X zeolite/porous carbon composite.

Equilibrium chemical transformations in NaPO3 + NaCl melts

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kovarskaya, E.N.; Rodionov, Yu.I.

1988-01-01

Because of the problems of the burial of solidified radioactive wastes into different geological rock formations, in particular into massives of rock-salt, the state of molten polyphosphate-chloride mixtures (taking into account the chemical character of the interaction of their components) for a prolonged period of time. The equilibrium products of the reaction in the NaPO 3 -NaCl system were studied in melts in air in the composition range of 30-70 mole % NaCl. It was shown that with increase in the NaCl content in the mixtures, the polyphosphate gradually depolymerizes to sodium tri-, di-, and monophosphates, and the composition of the equilibrium melts is dependent only on the ratio between the components in the initial molten mixtures. The time until the equilibrium is attained is shorter, the higher is the experimental temperature

Long-Range Effects of Na(+) Binding in Na,K-ATPase Reported by ATP.

Science.gov (United States)

Middleton, David A; Fedosova, Natalya U; Esmann, Mikael

2015-12-01

This paper addresses the question of long-range interactions between the intramembranous cation binding sites and the cytoplasmic nucleotide binding site of the ubiquitous ion-transporting Na,K-ATPase using (13)C cross-polarization magic-angle spinning (CP-MAS) solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance. High-affinity ATP binding is induced by the presence of Na(+) as well as of Na-like substances such as Tris(+), and these ions are equally efficient promoters of nucleotide binding. CP-MAS analysis of bound ATP with Na,K-ATPase purified from pig kidney membranes reveals subtle differences in the nucleotide interactions within the nucleotide site depending on whether Na(+) or Tris(+) is used to induce binding. Differences in chemical shifts for ATP atoms C1' and C5' observed in the presence of Na(+) or Tris(+) suggest alterations in the residues surrounding the bound nucleotide, hydrogen bonding, and/or conformation of the ribose ring. This is taken as evidence of a long-distance communication between the Na(+)-filled ion sites in the membrane interior and the nucleotide binding site in the cytoplasmic domain and reflects the first conformational change ultimately leading to phosphorylation of the enzyme. Stopped-flow fluorescence measurements with the nucleotide analogue eosin show that the dissociation rate constant for eosin is larger in Tris(+) than in Na(+), giving kinetic evidence of the difference in structural effects of Na(+) and Tris(+). According to the recent crystal structure of the E1·AlF4(-)·ADP·3Na(+) form, the coupling between the ion binding sites and the nucleotide side is mediated by, among others, the M5 helix.

Interaction between Na+/K+-pump and Na+/Ca2+-exchanger modulates intercellular communication.

Science.gov (United States)

Matchkov, Vladimir V; Gustafsson, Helena; Rahman, Awahan; Briggs Boedtkjer, Donna M; Gorintin, Sarah; Hansen, Anne Kirstine; Bouzinova, Elena V; Praetorius, Helle A; Aalkjaer, Christian; Nilsson, Holger

2007-04-13

Ouabain, a specific inhibitor of the Na(+)/K(+)-pump, has previously been shown to interfere with intercellular communication. Here we test the hypothesis that the communication between vascular smooth muscle cells is regulated through an interaction between the Na(+)/K(+)-pump and the Na(+)/Ca(2+)-exchanger leading to an increase in the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) in discrete areas near the plasma membrane. [Ca(2+)](i) in smooth muscle cells was imaged in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cell pairs (A7r5) and in rat mesenteric small artery segments simultaneously with force. In A7r5 coupling between cells was estimated by measuring membrane capacitance. Smooth muscle cells were uncoupled when the Na(+)/K(+)-pump was inhibited either by a low concentration of ouabain, which also caused a localized increase of [Ca(2+)](i) near the membrane, or by ATP depletion. Reduction of Na(+)/K(+)-pump activity by removal of extracellular potassium ([K(+)](o)) also uncoupled cells, but only after inhibition of K(ATP) channels. Inhibition of the Na(+)/Ca(2+)-exchange activity by SEA0400 or by a reduction of the equilibrium potential (making it more negative) also uncoupled the cells. Depletion of intracellular Na(+) and clamping of [Ca(2+)](i) at low concentrations prevented the uncoupling. The experiments suggest that the Na(+)/K(+)-pump may affect gap junction conductivity via localized changes in [Ca(2+)](i) through modulation of Na(+)/Ca(2+)-exchanger activity.

Congenital asymmetric crying face: a case report

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Semra Kara

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Congenital asymmetric crying face is an anomalia caused by unilateral absence or weakness of depressor anguli oris muscle The major finding of the disease is the absence or weakness in the outer and lower movement of the commissure during crying. The other expression muscles are normal and the face is symmetric at rest. The asymmetry in congenital asymmetric crying face is most evident during infancy but decreases by age. Congenital asymmetric crying face can be associated with cervicofacial, musclebone, respiratory, genitourinary and central nervous system anomalia. It is diagnosed by physical examination. This paper presents a six days old infant with Congenital asymmetric crying face and discusses the case in terms of diagnosis and disease features.

Intracellular Na(+) and metabolic modulation of Na/K pump and excitability in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Yi-Chi; Yang, Jyh-Jeen; Huang, Rong-Chi

2012-10-01

Na/K pump activity and metabolic rate are both higher during the day in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) that houses the circadian clock. Here we investigated the role of intracellular Na(+) and energy metabolism in regulating Na/K pump activity and neuronal excitability. Removal of extracellular K(+) to block the Na/K pump excited SCN neurons to fire at higher rates and return to normal K(+) to reactivate the pump produced rebound hyperpolarization to inhibit firing. In the presence of tetrodotoxin to block the action potentials, both zero K(+)-induced depolarization and rebound hyperpolarization were blocked by the cardiac glycoside strophanthidin. Ratiometric Na(+) imaging with a Na(+)-sensitive fluorescent dye indicated saturating accumulation of intracellular Na(+) in response to pump blockade with zero K(+). The Na(+) ionophore monensin also induced Na(+) loading and hyperpolarized the membrane potential, with the hyperpolarizing effect of monensin abolished in zero Na(+) or by pump blockade. Conversely, Na(+) depletion with Na(+)-free pipette solution depolarized membrane potential but retained residual Na/K pump activity. Cyanide inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation blocked the Na/K pump to depolarize resting potential and increase spontaneous firing in most cells, and to raise intracellular Na(+) levels in all cells. Nonetheless, the Na/K pump was incompletely blocked by cyanide but completely blocked by iodoacetate to inhibit glycolysis, indicating the involvement of both oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis in fueling the Na/K pump. Together, the results indicate the importance of intracellular Na(+) and energy metabolism in regulating Na/K pump activity as well as neuronal excitability in the SCN neurons.

Synthesis of zeolites Na-A and Na-X from tablet compressed and calcinated coal fly ash

Science.gov (United States)

Hu, Tao; Gao, Wenyan; Liu, Xin; Zhang, Yifu; Meng, Changgong

2017-10-01

Zeolites Na-A and Na-X are important synthetic zeolites widely used for separation and adsorption in industry. It is of great significance to develop energy-efficient routines that can synthesize zeolites Na-A and Na-X from low-cost raw materials. Coal fly ash (CFA) is the major residue from the combustion of coal and biomass containing more than 85% SiO2 and Al2O3, which can readily replace the conventionally used sodium silicate and aluminate for zeolite synthesis. We used Na2CO3 to replace the expensive NaOH used for the calcination of CFA and showed that tablet compression can enhance the contact with Na2CO3 for the activation of CFA through calcination for the synthesis of zeolites Na-A and Na-X under mild conditions. We optimized the control variables for zeolite synthesis and showed that phase-pure zeolite Na-A can be synthesized with CFA at reactant molar ratio, hydrothermal reaction temperature and reaction time of 1.3Na2O: 0.6Al2O3: 1SiO2: 38H2O at 80°C for 6 h, respectively, while phase-pure zeolite Na-X can be synthesized at 2.2Na2O: 0.2Al2O3: 1SiO2: 88H2O at 100°C for 8 h, respectively. The composition, morphology, specific surface area, vibration spectrum and thermogravimetry of synthesized Na-A and Na-X were further characterized.

The CERES / NA45 experiment

CERN Multimedia

Laurent Guiraud

2000-01-01

Ceres is one of the second generation heavy ion experiments at CERN's SPS. It is dedicated to the study of electron-positron pairs in relativistic nuclear collisions. NA45 is one of the seven experiments (NA44, NA45, NA49, NA50, NA52, WA97/NA57 and WA98) involved in CERN's Heavy Ion programme which provided evidence for the existence of a new state of matter, the quark-gluon plasma. In this state, quarks, instead of being bound up into more complex particles such as protons and neutrons, are liberated and roam freely. Theory predicts that this state must have existed at about 10 microseconds after the Big Bang, before the formation of matter as we know it today.

Identificação e caracterização de ambientes homogêneos de eventos de seca/umidade com base em simulações climáticas regionais

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Diego Simões Fernandes

2012-01-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar e caracterizar ambientes homogêneos com base na ocorrência de eventos de seca/umidade na Região Centro-Norte do Brasil, compreendendo os Estados de Rondônia, Mato Grosso, Goiás e Tocantins. Para esse fim, utilizou-se o índice quantitativo de seca denominado Anomalia de Umidade de Palmer (Z-index. Os dados climáticos de entrada utilizados por esse índice para quantificar os eventos de seca/umidade foram simulados pelo modelo regional climático RegCM3 ("Regional ClimateModel - version3", para o período de 1975 a 1989. Por meio de análise de agrupamento foram identificados 13 ambientes homogêneos. Esses ambientes homogêneos foram caracterizados por meio da probabilidade de ocorrência de eventos de seca/umidade, densidade relativa destes eventos, variabilidade da precipitação pluvial anual e a probabilidade de ocorrência de seca na época das águas (outubro a maio. No Estado do Mato Grosso observou-se o maior número de ambientes homogêneos e na Região Sudoeste desse Estado, o ambiente 11, obteve a maior probabilidade de ocorrência de eventos extremamente seco, 9%. O ambiente 10, localizado no extremo leste de Goiás, teve a menor mediana para a precipitação pluvial anual. O evento climático com maior probabilidade de ocorrência na região de estudo é o próximo ao normal ou normalidade de umidade.

The rapid-onset dystonia parkinsonism mutation D923N of the Na+, K+-ATPase alpha3 isoform disrupts Na+ interaction at the third Na+ site.

Science.gov (United States)

Einholm, Anja Pernille; Toustrup-Jensen, Mads S; Holm, Rikke; Andersen, Jens Peter; Vilsen, Bente

2010-08-20

Rapid-onset dystonia parkinsonism (RDP), a rare neurological disorder, is caused by mutation of the neuron-specific alpha3-isoform of Na(+), K(+)-ATPase. Here, we present the functional consequences of RDP mutation D923N. Relative to the wild type, the mutant exhibits a remarkable approximately 200-fold reduction of Na(+) affinity for activation of phosphorylation from ATP, reflecting a defective interaction of the E(1) form with intracellular Na(+). This is the largest effect on Na(+) affinity reported so far for any Na(+), K(+)-ATPase mutant. D923N also affects the interaction with extracellular Na(+) normally driving the E(1)P to E(2)P conformational transition backward. However, no impairment of K(+) binding was observed for D923N, leading to the conclusion that Asp(923) is specifically associated with the third Na(+) site that is selective toward Na(+). The crystal structure of the Na(+), K(+)-ATPase in E(2) form shows that Asp(923) is located in the cytoplasmic half of transmembrane helix M8 inside a putative transport channel, which is lined by residues from the transmembrane helices M5, M7, M8, and M10 and capped by the C terminus, recently found involved in recognition of the third Na(+) ion. Structural modeling of the E(1) form of Na(+), K(+)-ATPase based on the Ca(2+)-ATPase crystal structure is consistent with the hypothesis that Asp(923) contributes to a site binding the third Na(+) ion. These results in conjunction with our previous findings with other RDP mutants suggest that a selective defect in the handling of Na(+) may be a general feature of the RDP disorder.

Fissuras labiopalatinas, ganho de peso e cirurgias: leite materno versus fórmulas lácteas

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Marcos Roberto Tovani Palone

2015-10-01

Full Text Available As fissuras labiopalatinas são as anomalias craniofaciais mais comuns na espécie humana. Por sua vez, com o propósito de ganho de peso corporal necessário para realização das cirurgias reabilitadoras, uma alternativa rotineiramente utilizada para crianças com fissuras consiste no uso de fórmulas lácteas industrializadas, como um substituto do leite materno ou mesmo uma suplementação alimentar. Contudo, é imprescindível a conscientização das mães e demais cuidadores desse grupo de crianças sobre a importância do aleitamento materno e seus benefícios adicionais, os quais inclusive colocam em questionamento a necessidade e viabilidade da prescrição dessas fórmulas nos casos em que a amamentação natural é possível. Ademais, o tipo de alimentação, aleitamento natural ou artificial é de notória importância, com influência direta na composição da microbiota gastrintestinal e possibilidades de impactos sobre a imunomodulação destes indivíduos.

Recikliranje plastenk na kreativen način

OpenAIRE

Pavlin, Suzana

2017-01-01

Plastenke, poleg ostalih plastičnih izdelkov, v zadnjih letih predstavljajo pravo katastrofo za okolje. Domnevamo, da se le redko kdo vpraša, kaj se zgodi z njo po tem, ko je iz nje zaužil še zadnjo kapljico vode. Plastenka je lahko kot večina ostalih komunalnih odpadkov ponovno uporabljena, reciklirana, sežgana ali odložena na deponijo. V primeru nespoštovanja Zakona o varstvu okolja pa pristane v naravi, pogosto v morju, kjer prav počasi razpada in negativno vpliva na celoten ekosistem. V d...

Plant Defensins NaD1 and NaD2 Induce Different Stress Response Pathways in Fungi

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Peter M. Dracatos

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Nicotiana alata defensins 1 and 2 (NaD1 and NaD2 are plant defensins from the ornamental tobacco that have antifungal activity against a variety of fungal pathogens. Some plant defensins interact with fungal cell wall O-glycosylated proteins. Therefore, we investigated if this was the case for NaD1 and NaD2, by assessing the sensitivity of the three Aspergillus nidulans (An O-mannosyltransferase (pmt knockout (KO mutants (An∆pmtA, An∆pmtB, and An∆pmtC. An∆pmtA was resistant to both defensins, while An∆pmtC was resistant to NaD2 only, suggesting NaD1 and NaD2 are unlikely to have a general interaction with O-linked side chains. Further evidence of this difference in the antifungal mechanism was provided by the dissimilarity of the NaD1 and NaD2 sensitivities of the Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol signalling knockout mutants from the cell wall integrity (CWI and high osmolarity glycerol (HOG mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK pathways. HOG pathway mutants were sensitive to both NaD1 and NaD2, while CWI pathway mutants only displayed sensitivity to NaD2.

Glutamate Water Gates in the Ion Binding Pocket of Na(+) Bound Na(+), K(+)-ATPase

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Han, Minwoo; Kopec, Wojciech; Solov'yov, Ilia A

2017-01-01

III is always protonated. Glutamic acid residues in the three binding sites act as water gates, and their deprotonation triggers water entry to the binding sites. From DFT calculations of Na(+) binding energies, we conclude that three protons in the binding site are needed to effectively bind Na......The dynamically changing protonation states of the six acidic amino acid residues in the ion binding pocket of the Na(+), K(+) -ATPase (NKA) during the ion transport cycle are proposed to drive ion binding, release and possibly determine Na(+) or K(+) selectivity. We use molecular dynamics (MD......(+) from water and four are needed to release them in the next step. Protonation of Asp926 in site III will induce Na(+) release, and Glu327, Glu954 and Glu779 are all likely to be protonated in the Na(+) bound occluded conformation. Our data provides key insights into the role of protons in the Na...

NA62 and NA48/2 results on search for Heavy Neutral Leptons

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Lamanna Gianluca

2018-01-01

Full Text Available In this paper we present new results on upper limits for the search of Heavy Neutral Leptons (HNL with data collected by NA48/2 (2003-2004, NA62-RK (2007 and NA62 (2015 CERN experiments. The data collected with different trigger configuration allow to search for both long and short living heavy neutrinos in the mass range below the kaon mass. In addition the status of the search for K+ → π+vv with the NA62 detector will be briefly presented.

Transmural gradients in Na/K pump activity and [Na+]I in canine ventricle.

Science.gov (United States)

Gao, J; Wang, W; Cohen, I S; Mathias, R T

2005-09-01

There are well-documented differences in ion channel activity and action potential shape between epicardial (EPI), midmyocardial (MID), and endocardial (ENDO) ventricular myocytes. The purpose of this study was to determine if differences exist in Na/K pump activity. The whole cell patch-clamp was used to measure Na/K pump current (I(P)) and inward background Na(+)-current (I(inb)) in cells isolated from canine left ventricle. All currents were normalized to membrane capacitance. I(P) was measured as the current blocked by a saturating concentration of dihydro-ouabain. [Na(+)](i) was measured using SBFI-AM. I(P)(ENDO) (0.34 +/- 0.04 pA/pF, n = 17) was smaller than I(P)(EPI) (0.68 +/- 0.09 pA/pF, n = 38); the ratio was 0.50 with I(P)(MID) being intermediate (0.53 +/- 0.13 pA/pF, n = 19). The dependence of I(P) on [Na(+)](i) or voltage was essentially identical in EPI and ENDO (half-maximal activation at 9-10 mM [Na(+)](i) or approximately -90 mV). Increasing [K(+)](o) from 5.4 to 15 mM caused both I(P)(ENDO) and I(P)(EPI) to increase, but the ratio remained approximately 0.5. I(inb) in EPI and ENDO were nearly identical ( approximately 0.6 pA/pF). Physiological [Na(+)](i) was lower in EPI (7 +/- 2 mM, n = 31) than ENDO (12 +/- 3 mM, n = 29), with MID being intermediate (9 +/- 3 mM, n = 22). When cells were paced at 2 Hz, [Na(+)](i) increased but the differences persisted (ENDO 14 +/- 3 mM, n = 10; EPI 9 +/- 2 mM, n = 10; and MID intermediate, 11 +/- 2 mM, n = 9). Based on these results, the larger I(P) in EPI appears to reflect a higher maximum turnover rate, which implies either a larger number of active pumps or a higher turnover rate per pump protein. The transmural gradient in [Na(+)](i) means physiological I(P) is approximately uniform across the ventricular wall, whereas transporters that utilize the transmembrane electrochemical gradient for Na(+), such as Na/Ca exchange, have a larger driving force in EPI than ENDO.

Reactions of metal oxides with molten NaPO3 + NaCl mixtures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kovarskaya, E.N.; Mityakhina, V.S.; Rodionov, Yu.I.; Silin, M.Yu.

1988-01-01

We consider the dissolution mechanism for iron (III), europium(III), and tin(IV) oxides in molten NaPO 3 + NaCl that are responsible for the peak solubilities. We chose Fe 2 O 3 as the basic material since this occurs in large amounts around damaged metal structures in rock salt mines in a proposed zone for storing vitrified radioactive wastes. Solubility measurement and paper chromatography show that Fe 2 O 3 dissolves in molten NaPO 3 + NaCl in air by reaction with the solvent to give double iron and sodium diphosphates and monophosphates in accordance with the initial solution-in-the-melt composition, the degree of equilibration, and the temperature. The elevated solubilities for initial NaCl contents close to 30 mole % are due to sodium triphosphates and tricyclophosphates present in these melts. Moessbauer spectroscopy confirms that double iron, europium and tin diphosphates and monophosphates containing sodium occur in these chloride-polyphosphate melts

Na(+),K (+)-ATPase as a docking station: protein-protein complexes of the Na(+),K (+)-ATPase.

Science.gov (United States)

Reinhard, Linda; Tidow, Henning; Clausen, Michael J; Nissen, Poul

2013-01-01

The Na(+),K(+)-ATPase, or sodium pump, is well known for its role in ion transport across the plasma membrane of animal cells. It carries out the transport of Na(+) ions out of the cell and of K(+) ions into the cell and thus maintains electrolyte and fluid balance. In addition to the fundamental ion-pumping function of the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase, recent work has suggested additional roles for Na(+),K(+)-ATPase in signal transduction and biomembrane structure. Several signaling pathways have been found to involve Na(+),K(+)-ATPase, which serves as a docking station for a fast-growing number of protein interaction partners. In this review, we focus on Na(+),K(+)-ATPase as a signal transducer, but also briefly discuss other Na(+),K(+)-ATPase protein-protein interactions, providing a comprehensive overview of the diverse signaling functions ascribed to this well-known enzyme.

Characterization of Na+-linked and Na+-independent Cl-/HCO3- exchange systems in Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cassel, D.; Scharf, O.; Rotman, M.; Cragoe, E.J. Jr.; Katz, M.

1988-01-01

The PS120 variant of Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts which lacks Na + /H + exchange activity was used to investigate bicarbonate transport systems and their role in intracellular pH (pH/sub i/) regulation. When pH/sub i/ was decreased by acid load, bicarbonate caused pH/sub i/ increase and stimulated 36 Cl - efflux from the cells, both in a Na + -dependent manner. These results together with previous findings that bicarbonate stimulates 22 Na + uptake in PS120 cells demonstrate the presence of a Na + -linked Cl - /HCO 3 - exchange system. In cells with normal initial pH/sub i/, bicarbonate caused Na + -independent pH/sub i/ increase in Cl - -free solutions and stimulated Na + -independent 36 Cl - efflux, indicating that a Na + -independent Cl - /HCO 3 - exchanger is also present in the cell. Na + -linked and Na + -independent Cl - /HCO 3- exchange is apparently mediated by two distinct systems, since a [(tetrahydrofluorene-7-yl)oxy]acetic acid derivative selectively inhibits the Na + -independent exchanger. An additional distinctive features is a 10-fold lower affinity for chloride of the Na + -linked exchanger. The Na + -linked and Na + -independent Cl - /HCO 3 - exchange systems are likely to protect the cell from acid and alkaline load, respectively

Na/K Pump and Beyond: Na/K-ATPase as a Modulator of Apoptosis and Autophagy

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Cassiano Felippe Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Lung cancer is a leading cause of global cancer deaths. Na/K-ATPase has been studied as a target for cancer treatment. Cardiotonic steroids (CS trigger intracellular signalling upon binding to Na/K-ATPase. Normal lung and tumour cells frequently express different pump isoforms. Thus, Na/K-ATPase is a powerful target for lung cancer treatment. Drugs targeting Na/K-ATPase may induce apoptosis and autophagy in transformed cells. We argue that Na/K-ATPase has a role as a potential target in chemotherapy in lung cancer treatment. We discuss the effects of Na/K-ATPase ligands and molecular pathways inducing deleterious effects on lung cancer cells, especially those leading to apoptosis and autophagy.

Na/K Pump and Beyond: Na/K-ATPase as a Modulator of Apoptosis and Autophagy.

Science.gov (United States)

Felippe Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque, Cassiano; Ribeiro Silva, Adriana; Ignácio da Silva, Camila; Caire Castro-Faria-Neto, Hugo; Burth, Patrícia

2017-04-21

Lung cancer is a leading cause of global cancer deaths. Na/K-ATPase has been studied as a target for cancer treatment. Cardiotonic steroids (CS) trigger intracellular signalling upon binding to Na/K-ATPase. Normal lung and tumour cells frequently express different pump isoforms. Thus, Na/K-ATPase is a powerful target for lung cancer treatment. Drugs targeting Na/K-ATPase may induce apoptosis and autophagy in transformed cells. We argue that Na/K-ATPase has a role as a potential target in chemotherapy in lung cancer treatment. We discuss the effects of Na/K-ATPase ligands and molecular pathways inducing deleterious effects on lung cancer cells, especially those leading to apoptosis and autophagy.

Subnitride chemistry: A first-principles study of the NaBa3N, Na5Ba3N, and Na16Ba6N phases

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oliva, Josep M.

2005-01-01

An ab initio study on the electronic structure of the subnitrides NaBa 3 N, Na 5 Ba 3 N, and Na 16 Ba 6 N is performed for the first time. The NaBa 3 N and Na 5 Ba 3 N phases consist of infinite 1 ∞ [NBa 6/2 ] strands composed of face-sharing NBa 6 octahedra surrounded by a 'sea' of sodium atoms. The Na 16 Ba 6 N phase consist of discrete [NBa 6 ] octahedra arranged in a body-cubic fashion, surrounded by a 'sea' of sodium atoms. Our calculations suggest that the title subnitrides are metals. Analysis of the electronic structure shows partial interaction of N(2s) with Ba(5p) electrons in the lower energy region for NaBa 3 N and Na 5 Ba 3 N. However, no dispersion is observed for the N(2s) and Ba(5p) bands in the cubic phase Na 16 Ba 6 N. The metallic band below the Fermi level shows a strong mixing of N(2p), Ba(6s), Ba(5d), Ba(6p), Na(3s) and Na(3p) orbitals. The metallic character in these nitrides stems from delocalized electrons corresponding to hybridized 5d l 6s m 6p n barium orbitals which interact with hybridized 3s n 3p m sodium orbitals. Analysis of the electron density and electronic structure in these nitrides shows two different regions: a metallic matrix corresponding to the sodium atoms and the regions around them and heteropolar bonding between nitrogen and barium within the infinite 1 ∞ [NBa 6/2 ] strands of the NaBa 3 N and Na 5 Ba 3 N phases, and within the isolated [NBa 6 ] octahedra of the Na 16 Ba 6 N phase. The nitrogen atoms inside the strands and octahedra are negatively charged, the anionic character of nitrogens being larger in the isolated octahedra of the cubic phase Na 16 Ba 6 N, due to the lack of electron delocalization along one direction as opposed to the other phases. The sodium and barium atoms appear to be slightly negatively and positively charged, the latter to a larger extent. From the computed Ba-N overlap populations as well as the analysis of the contour maps of differences between total density and superposition of

WPŁYW WIEKU NA WYTRZYMAŁOŚĆ NA ŚCISKANIE BETONU MODYFIKOWANEGO DODATKIEM METAKAOLINITU

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Janusz KONKOL

Full Text Available W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań wytrzymałości na ściskanie betonów modyfikowanych dodatkiem metakaolinitu po 2, 3, 7, 14, 28 i 56 dniach dojrzewania. Dodatek metakaolinitu użyto jako częściowy substytut cementu, dokonując wymiany 10% masy cementu na metakaolinit. Udział ten uznawany jest za optymalny z uwagi na inne niż wytrzymałość na ściskanie właściwości betonu, w tym trwałość betonu modyfikowanego metakaolinitem. Badania przeprowadzono także dla betonu tła, betonu bez dodatku metakaolinitu. Betony wykonano przy założeniu stałego stosunku woda/spoiwo, względnie woda/cement wynoszącego 0,45 oraz przy użyciu cementu portlandzkiego CEM I 32,5R, piasku kwarcowego frakcji do 2 mm oraz grysu bazaltowego frakcji do 16 mm. W celu uzyskania pożądanej konsystencji mieszanki betonowej zastosowano upłynniacz na bazie estrów polikarboksylowych. Uzyskane rezultaty badań potwierdziły wysoką aktywność pucolanową metakaolinitu już we wczesnym okresie dojrzewania betonu. W okresie między 3 a 7 dniem dojrzewania stwierdzono wolniejszy przyrost wytrzymałości na ściskanie w betonie niemodyfikowanym metakaolinitem, podczas gdy w betonie, w którym 10% masy cementu zastąpiono metakaolinitem uwidocznił się znaczący przyrost wytrzymałości na ściskanie. Po 2 dniach dojrzewania wytrzymałość na ściskanie betonu tła była nieznacznie wyższa od wytrzymałości na ściskanie betonu modyfikowanego. Korzystny wpływ dodatku metakaolinitu wynikający z jego wysokiej aktywności pucolanowej, jak również z uszczelniającego charakteru tego dodatku obserwowano jest zwłaszcza w okresie między 3 a 14 dniem dojrzewania. W tym okresie obserwowano znaczny przyrost wytrzymałości na ściskanie betonu modyfikowanego w porównaniu z wytrzymałością na ściskanie betonu tła. Po 7 i 14 dniach dojrzewania stwierdzono odpowiednio prawie 25% i 21% wzrost wytrzymałości na ściskanie na skutek użycia metakaolinitu.

Teratological studies of DTPA-CaNa3, DTPA-ZnNa3 and quinamic acid in mice

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Luo Meichu; Ruan Tianming; Tong Shungao

1989-01-01

DTPA-CaNa 3 , DTPA-ZnNa 3 and quinamic acid are effective chelating agents for removing actinide elements from the body. In this experiment, different doses of DTPA-CaNa 3 , DTPA-ZnNa 3 and quinamic acid were given to mice on gestation days 6-10. Eight groups of mice received 0.8 and 2.0 mM/kg of DTPA-CaNa 3 , 3.8, 7.6, and 11.4 mM/kg of DTPA-ZnNa 3 and 0.42, 2.1, and 4.2 mM/kg of quinamic acid. Hypetonic saline and isotonic saline were given to two control groups. DTPA-CaNa 3 and quinamidic acid were found to be much more toxic to fetus of mice than DTPA-ZnNa 3 . When the doses of DTPA-CaMa 3 and quinamidic acid were 20 times higher than the human dose, the number of resorbed fetus was increased and the number and weight of live fetus were reduced. The result of injection with 7.6 mM/kg (200 times of human dose)DTPA-ZnNa 3 and that of injection with isotonic saline are the same. Therefore, we suggest that the DTPA-CaNa 3 and quinamidic acid should not be given to pregnant woman, if chelation therapy is needed, while the much safer DTPA-ZnNa 3 could be used

Na-ion dynamics in Quasi-1D compound NaV2O4

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Månsson, M; Umegaki, I; Nozaki, H; Higuchi, Y; Sugiyama, J; Kawasaki, I; Watanabe, I; Sakurai, H

2014-01-01

We have used the pulsed muon source at ISIS to study high-temperature Na-ion dynamics in the quasi-one-dimensional (Q1D) metallic antiferromagnet NaV 2 O 4 . By performing systematic zero-field and longitudinal-field measurements as a function of temperature we clearly distinguish that the hopping rate increases exponentially above T diff ≈ 250 K. The data is well fitted to an Arrhenius type equation typical for a diffusion process, showing that the Na-ions starts to be mobile above T diff . Such results make this compound very interesting for the tuning of Q1D magnetism using atomic-scale ion-texturing through the periodic potential from ordered Na-vacancies. Further, it also opens the door to possible use of NaV 2 O 4 and related compounds in energy related applications

O Passeio Público do Rio de Janeiro na Literatura, na Pintura e na Fotografia do Século XIX

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Solange de Aragão

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Este artigo tem como objetivo geral e mais amplo chamar a atenção dos pesquisadores para a importância da literatura, da pintura e da fotografia como fontes documentais para a construção da História do Paisagismo no Brasil por meio de um estudo de caso muito particular: o Passeio Público do Rio de Janeiro no século XIX. São objetivos específicos apresentar e analisar o modo como esse espaço livre público aparece na literatura, na pintura e na fotografia desse período, considerando suas transformações paisagísticas.

Solubility of NaNd(CO3)2.6H2O(c) in concentrated Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 solutions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rao, L.; Rai, D.; Felmy, A.R.; Fulton, R.W.; Novak, C.F.

1996-01-01

NaNd(CO 3 ) 2 x 6 H 2 O(c) was identified to be the final equilibrium solid phase in suspensions containing concentrated sodium carbonate (0.1 to 2.0 M) and sodium bicarbonate (0.1 to 1.0 M), with either NaNd(CO 3 ) 2 x 6 H 2 O(c) or Nd 2 (CO 3 ) 3 x xH 2 O(s) as initial solids. A thermodynamic model, based on Pitzer's specific into-interaction approach, was developed to interpret the solubility of NaNd(CO 3 ) 2 x 6 H 2 O(c) as functions of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate concentrations. In this model, the solubility data of NaNd(CO 3 ) 2 x 6 H 2 O(c) were explained by assuming the formation of NdCO 3 + , Nd(CO 3 ) 2 - and Nd(CO 3 ) 3 3- species and invoking the specific ion interactions between Na + and Nd(CO 3 ) 3 3- . Ion interaction parameters for Na + -Nd(CO 3 ) 3 3- were developed to fit the solubility data. Based on the model calculations, Nd(CO 3 ) 3 3- was the predominant aqueous neodymium species in 0.1 to 2 M sodium carbonate and 0.1 to 1 M sodium bicarbonate solutions. The logarithm of the NaNd(CO 3 ) 2 x 6 H 2 O solubility product (NaNd(CO 3 ) 2 x 6 H 2 O(c)=Na + +Nd 3+ +2 CO 3 2- +6 H 2 O) was calculated to be -21.39. This model also provided satisfactory interpretation of the solubility data of the analogous Am(III) system in less concentrated carbonate and bicarbonate solutions. (orig.)

Testes genéticos na eqüideocultura

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Eduardo Geraldo Alves Coelho

2008-07-01

Full Text Available Nos últimos anos a equideocultura deu um salto qualitativo, havendo hoje, no mercado, animais de alto valor e geneticamente superiores. Isso é possível, em grande parte, devido aos avanços na área da genética animal, os quais permitem identificar, não apenas anomalias, mas também diversos genes de interesse econômico. Com o auxílio da citogenética pode-se identificar indivíduos com alterações no número ou na estrutura dos cromossomos, o que em muitos casos afeta principalmente a reprodução. Também a confirmação de genealogia, anteriormente feita por tipagem sangüínea e atualmente por testes de DNA, tem papel extremamente importante, não apenas por garantir a ascendência dos animais, mas também porque um pedigree confiável pode permitir ao criador identificar a origem de problemas genéticos em seu rebanho e reduzi-los ou mesmo, eliminá-los. Ainda com as ferramentas da biologia molecular, podemos hoje, identificar indivíduos que apresentam genes desejáveis ou indesejáveis, o que nos permite selecioná-los precocemente, reduzindo assim, os custos do produtor e aumentando o valor agregado dos animais. Entre tais genes podemos destacar os que identificam portadores ou afetados por mutações genéticas indesejáveis como: SCID (Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Combinada, HYPP (Parilisa Hipercalêmica, HERDA (Astenia Dérmica Regional Hereditária Eqüina, etc. Também a identificação dos genes que determinam a cor ou padrão da pelagem já pode ser feita direta ou indiretamente (por meio de marcadores genéticos, como é o caso dos genes para as pelagens Overo, Tobiano, etc. Com os avanços no estudo do genoma eqüino muito mais estará disponível em breve, o que certamente só trará maiores contribuições à equideocultura mundial.In the last few years the horse breeding industry is achieving significant progresses producing animals of high commercial value and genetically superior. It was possible, mainly due to

Mechanism of μ-conotoxin PIIIA binding to the voltage-gated Na+ channel NaV1.4.

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Rong Chen

Full Text Available Several subtypes of voltage-gated Na+ (NaV channels are important targets for pain management. μ-Conotoxins isolated from venoms of cone snails are potent and specific blockers of different NaV channel isoforms. The inhibitory effect of μ-conotoxins on NaV channels has been examined extensively, but the mechanism of toxin specificity has not been understood in detail. Here the known structure of μ-conotoxin PIIIA and a model of the skeletal muscle channel NaV1.4 are used to elucidate elements that contribute to the structural basis of μ-conotoxin binding and specificity. The model of NaV1.4 is constructed based on the crystal structure of the bacterial NaV channel, NaVAb. Six different binding modes, in which the side chain of each of the basic residues carried by the toxin protrudes into the selectivity filter of NaV1.4, are examined in atomic detail using molecular dynamics simulations with explicit solvent. The dissociation constants (Kd computed for two selected binding modes in which Lys9 or Arg14 from the toxin protrudes into the filter of the channel are within 2 fold; both values in close proximity to those determined from dose response data for the block of NaV currents. To explore the mechanism of PIIIA specificity, a double mutant of NaV1.4 mimicking NaV channels resistant to μ-conotoxins and tetrodotoxin is constructed and the binding of PIIIA to this mutant channel examined. The double mutation causes the affinity of PIIIA to reduce by two orders of magnitude.

Muscle K+, Na+, and Cl- disturbances and Na+-K+ pump inactivation: implications for fatigue

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

McKenna, Michael J; Bangsbo, Jens; Renaud, Jean-Marc

2008-01-01

(+)-ATPase activity during exercise stabilizes Na(+) and K(+) concentration gradients and membrane excitability and thus protects against fatigue. However, during intense contraction some Na(+)-K(+) pumps are inactivated and together with further ionic disturbances, likely precipitate muscle fatigue.......Membrane excitability is a critical regulatory step in skeletal muscle contraction and is modulated by local ionic concentrations, conductances, ion transporter activities, temperature, and humoral factors. Intense fatiguing contractions induce cellular K(+) efflux and Na(+) and Cl(-) influx......, causing pronounced perturbations in extracellular (interstitial) and intracellular K(+) and Na(+) concentrations. Muscle interstitial K(+) concentration may increase 1- to 2-fold to 11-13 mM and intracellular K(+) concentration fall by 1.3- to 1.7-fold; interstitial Na(+) concentration may decline by 10 m...

Route, mechanism, and implications of proton import during Na+/K+ exchange by native Na+/K+-ATPase pumps

Science.gov (United States)

Vedovato, Natascia

2014-01-01

A single Na+/K+-ATPase pumps three Na+ outwards and two K+ inwards by alternately exposing ion-binding sites to opposite sides of the membrane in a conformational sequence coupled to pump autophosphorylation from ATP and auto-dephosphorylation. The larger flow of Na+ than K+ generates outward current across the cell membrane. Less well understood is the ability of Na+/K+ pumps to generate an inward current of protons. Originally noted in pumps deprived of external K+ and Na+ ions, as inward current at negative membrane potentials that becomes amplified when external pH is lowered, this proton current is generally viewed as an artifact of those unnatural conditions. We demonstrate here that this inward current also flows at physiological K+ and Na+ concentrations. We show that protons exploit ready reversibility of conformational changes associated with extracellular Na+ release from phosphorylated Na+/K+ pumps. Reversal of a subset of these transitions allows an extracellular proton to bind an acidic side chain and to be subsequently released to the cytoplasm. This back-step of phosphorylated Na+/K+ pumps that enables proton import is not required for completion of the 3 Na+/2 K+ transport cycle. However, the back-step occurs readily during Na+/K+ transport when external K+ ion binding and occlusion are delayed, and it occurs more frequently when lowered extracellular pH raises the probability of protonation of the externally accessible carboxylate side chain. The proton route passes through the Na+-selective binding site III and is distinct from the principal pathway traversed by the majority of transported Na+ and K+ ions that passes through binding site II. The inferred occurrence of Na+/K+ exchange and H+ import during the same conformational cycle of a single molecule identifies the Na+/K+ pump as a hybrid transporter. Whether Na+/K+ pump–mediated proton inflow may have any physiological or pathophysiological significance remains to be clarified. PMID

Route, mechanism, and implications of proton import during Na+/K+ exchange by native Na+/K+-ATPase pumps.

Science.gov (United States)

Vedovato, Natascia; Gadsby, David C

2014-04-01

A single Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase pumps three Na(+) outwards and two K(+) inwards by alternately exposing ion-binding sites to opposite sides of the membrane in a conformational sequence coupled to pump autophosphorylation from ATP and auto-dephosphorylation. The larger flow of Na(+) than K(+) generates outward current across the cell membrane. Less well understood is the ability of Na(+)/K(+) pumps to generate an inward current of protons. Originally noted in pumps deprived of external K(+) and Na(+) ions, as inward current at negative membrane potentials that becomes amplified when external pH is lowered, this proton current is generally viewed as an artifact of those unnatural conditions. We demonstrate here that this inward current also flows at physiological K(+) and Na(+) concentrations. We show that protons exploit ready reversibility of conformational changes associated with extracellular Na(+) release from phosphorylated Na(+)/K(+) pumps. Reversal of a subset of these transitions allows an extracellular proton to bind an acidic side chain and to be subsequently released to the cytoplasm. This back-step of phosphorylated Na(+)/K(+) pumps that enables proton import is not required for completion of the 3 Na(+)/2 K(+) transport cycle. However, the back-step occurs readily during Na(+)/K(+) transport when external K(+) ion binding and occlusion are delayed, and it occurs more frequently when lowered extracellular pH raises the probability of protonation of the externally accessible carboxylate side chain. The proton route passes through the Na(+)-selective binding site III and is distinct from the principal pathway traversed by the majority of transported Na(+) and K(+) ions that passes through binding site II. The inferred occurrence of Na(+)/K(+) exchange and H(+) import during the same conformational cycle of a single molecule identifies the Na(+)/K(+) pump as a hybrid transporter. Whether Na(+)/K(+) pump-mediated proton inflow may have any physiological or

Growth mechanism of NaClO 3 and NaBrO 3 crystals from aqueous ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

A study of growth rates of NaClO3 and NaBrO3 has been carried out using a small growth cell by in situ observation. Normal growth rates of {100} faces of NaClO3 and {111} faces of NaBrO3 along ⟨ 110 ⟩ direction are measured under relatively high supersaturation ranging from 3–8%. In the initial stages of growth, {100}, ...

Rescue of Na+ affinity in aspartate 928 mutants of Na+,K+-ATPase by secondary mutation of glutamate 314.

Science.gov (United States)

Holm, Rikke; Einholm, Anja P; Andersen, Jens P; Vilsen, Bente

2015-04-10

The Na(+),K(+)-ATPase binds Na(+) at three transport sites denoted I, II, and III, of which site III is Na(+)-specific and suggested to be the first occupied in the cooperative binding process activating phosphorylation from ATP. Here we demonstrate that the asparagine substitution of the aspartate associated with site III found in patients with rapid-onset dystonia parkinsonism or alternating hemiplegia of childhood causes a dramatic reduction of Na(+) affinity in the α1-, α2-, and α3-isoforms of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase, whereas other substitutions of this aspartate are much less disruptive. This is likely due to interference by the amide function of the asparagine side chain with Na(+)-coordinating residues in site III. Remarkably, the Na(+) affinity of site III aspartate to asparagine and alanine mutants is rescued by second-site mutation of a glutamate in the extracellular part of the fourth transmembrane helix, distant to site III. This gain-of-function mutation works without recovery of the lost cooperativity and selectivity of Na(+) binding and does not affect the E1-E2 conformational equilibrium or the maximum phosphorylation rate. Hence, the rescue of Na(+) affinity is likely intrinsic to the Na(+) binding pocket, and the underlying mechanism could be a tightening of Na(+) binding at Na(+) site II, possibly via movement of transmembrane helix four. The second-site mutation also improves Na(+),K(+) pump function in intact cells. Rescue of Na(+) affinity and Na(+) and K(+) transport by second-site mutation is unique in the history of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase and points to new possibilities for treatment of neurological patients carrying Na(+),K(+)-ATPase mutations. © 2015 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

Análise quantitativa e qualitativa da degradação das fachadas com revestimento cerâmico

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C. P. Pacheco

Full Text Available Resumo Este artigo teve por objetivo mostrar a aplicação de uma metodologia para inspeção de fachadas em edifícios, baseada em modelos pré-estruturados. Foram vistoriados três prédios com revestimento externo em cerâmica, totalizando 4958 m2 de área de fachada inspecionada. Mediante a inspeção visual, realizou-se o levantamento das áreas das manifestações patológicas por região e orientação cardeal da fachada e definiram-se os níveis de degradação. Foram realizados testes de percussão nas fachadas e ensaios de absorção de água e expansão por umidade nas placas cerâmicas. Como complemento, levantaram-se as informações referentes aos edifícios por meio de entrevistas e análises de projetos. Foi elaborada a matriz de correlação anomalias versus causas, que permitiu avaliar a origem dos danos. As anomalias com maior ocorrência nos edifícios foram as manchas e sujeiras e a deterioração nos rejuntes. Constatou-se a influência da cor das cerâmicas e da posição das fachadas no desplacamento. Com base nos ensaios de absorção de água, verificou-se que dois edifícios apresentaram cerâmicas com alto índice de absorção e a análise das regiões de fachadas mostrou que a ausência de juntas foi uma das causas do desplacamento em paredes contínuas e na transição entre pavimentos.

The system NaVO3-Na2WO4-Na2W2O7

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kazanbekov, V.R.; Gasanaliev, A.M.; Kazanbekov, R.G.

1994-01-01

Phase diagrams of sodium metavanadate-sodium ditungstate, sodium metavanadate-sodium tungstate systems and surface of primary crystallization of sodium metavabadate-sodium tungstate-sodium ditungstate system were studied. The system sodium metavanadate-sodium ditungstate is eutectic one. Compound NaVO 3 x2Na 2 WO 4 is formed in solid state in sodium metavanadate-sodium tungstate system. Liquidus surface of sodium metavanadate-sodium tungstate-sodium ditungstate is presented by three crystallization fields of initial components. Composition and melting point of ternary eutectics are determined

Summer sudden Na number density enhancements measured with the ALOMAR Weber Na Lidar

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D. Heinrich

2008-05-01

Full Text Available We present summer Na-densities and atmospheric temperatures measured 80 to 110 km above the Arctic Lidar Observatory for Middle Atmosphere Research (ALOMAR. The Weber Na Lidar is part of ALOMAR, located at 69° N in Norway, 150 km north of the Arctic Circle. The sun does not set here during the summer months, and measurements require a narrowband Faraday Anomalous Dispersion Optical Filter (FADOF.

We discuss an observed sudden enhancement in the Na number density around 22:00 UT on 1 to 2 June 2006. We compare this observation with previous summer measurements and find a frequent appearance of Na number density enhancements near local midnight. We describe the time of appearance, the altitude distribution, the duration and the strength of these enhancements and compare them to winter observations. We investigate possible formation mechanisms and, as others before, we find a strong link between these Na number density enhancements and sporadic E layers.

Summer sudden Na number density enhancements measured with the ALOMAR Weber Na Lidar

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

D. Heinrich

2008-05-01

Full Text Available We present summer Na-densities and atmospheric temperatures measured 80 to 110 km above the Arctic Lidar Observatory for Middle Atmosphere Research (ALOMAR. The Weber Na Lidar is part of ALOMAR, located at 69° N in Norway, 150 km north of the Arctic Circle. The sun does not set here during the summer months, and measurements require a narrowband Faraday Anomalous Dispersion Optical Filter (FADOF. We discuss an observed sudden enhancement in the Na number density around 22:00 UT on 1 to 2 June 2006. We compare this observation with previous summer measurements and find a frequent appearance of Na number density enhancements near local midnight. We describe the time of appearance, the altitude distribution, the duration and the strength of these enhancements and compare them to winter observations. We investigate possible formation mechanisms and, as others before, we find a strong link between these Na number density enhancements and sporadic E layers.

Muziki wa Hip Hop na Haki Za Kijamii: Dhima, Changamoto na ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Ni dhahiri kuwa haki za kijamii zinaweza kuwasilishwa kwa jamii pana kupitia sanaa ya hip hop. Makala haya basi, yanabainisha dhima na mchango wa muziki wa hip hop katika masuala ya haki za kijamii, yanafafanua changamoto za muziki huu katika kuwasilisha haki za kijamii na kutoa mapendekezo kwa makundi ...

Sequential growth of sandwiched NaYF{sub 4}:Yb/Er@NaYF{sub 4}:Yb@NaNdF{sub 4}:Yb core–shell–shell nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Peng, Huang-Yong; Ding, Bin-Bin; Ma, Yin-Chu [Department of Medical Materials and Rehabilitation Engineering, School of Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009 (China); Sun, Shi-Qi [State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046 (China); Tao, Wei [Department of Medical Materials and Rehabilitation Engineering, School of Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009 (China); Guo, Yan-Chuan [Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China); Guo, Hui-Chen, E-mail: ghch-2004@hotmail.com [State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046 (China); Yang, Xian-Zhu, E-mail: yangxz@hftu.edu.cn [Department of Medical Materials and Rehabilitation Engineering, School of Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009 (China); Qian, Hai-Sheng, E-mail: shqian@hfut.edu.cn [Department of Medical Materials and Rehabilitation Engineering, School of Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009 (China)

2015-12-01

Graphical abstract: The monodisperse elliptical NaYF{sub 4}:Yb/Er@NaYF{sub 4}:Yb@NaNdF{sub 4}:Yb core–shell–shell nanoparticles have been synthesized successfully by a facile sequential growth process, which can be used as transducer for photodynamic therapy of cancer cells. - Highlights: • The NaYF{sub 4}:Yb/Er@NaYF{sub 4}:Yb@NaNdF{sub 4}:Yb nanoparticles have been fabricated successfully. • The as-prepared nanoparticles show strong fluorescence excited at 980 or 808 nm. • The nanoparticles were transferred into the aqueous phase via a facile process. • Photosensitizers were loaded into the composites for photodynamic therapy. - Abstract: Upconversion (UC) nanostructures have attracted much interest for their extensive biological applications. In this work, we describe a sequential synthetic route to prepare sandwiched NaYF{sub 4}:Yb/Er@NaYF{sub 4}:Yb@NaNdF{sub 4}:Yb core–shell upconversion nanoparticles. The as-prepared products were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM, JEM 2100F), respectively. The as-prepared core–shell nanoparticles of NaYF{sub 4}:Yb/Er@NaYF{sub 4}:Yb@NaNdF{sub 4}:Yb are composed of elliptical nanoparticles with a length of 80 nm and width of 42 nm, which show efficient upconversion fluorescence excited at 808 nm indicating the formation of core–shell–shell sandwiched nanostructures. In addition, the as-prepared sandwiched NaYF{sub 4}:Yb/Er@NaYF{sub 4}:Yb@NaNdF{sub 4}:Yb core–shell upconversion nanoparticles also show strong upconversion fluorescence excited at 980 nm. Amphiphilic mPEG{sub 2k}-b-PEBEP{sub 6K} copolymers (denoted as PPE) were chosen to transfer these hydrophobic UCNPs into the aqueous phase for biological application. In vitro photodynamic therapy of cancer cells show that the viability of cells incubated with the nanoparticles loaded with MC 540 was significantly lower as compared to the nanoparticles without photosensitizers exposed to NIR laser.

Intracellular Na+ regulation of Na+ pump sites in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Allen, J.C.; Navran, S.S.; Seidel, C.L.; Dennison, D.K.; Amann, J.M.; Jemelka, S.K.

1989-01-01

Enzymatically dispersed cells from canine saphenous vein and femoral artery were grown in fetal calf serum and studied at day 0 (freshly dispersed) through confluence in primary culture. Intracellular Na levels (Nai), but not intracellular K (Ki), were increased after 24 h in culture and then decreased to a steady state by 4 days. Na+ pump site number [( 3 H] ouabain binding) increased through day 3 and remained elevated. Nai was still elevated at 2 days when the Na+ pump site number began to increase. Total pump turnover (maximum ouabain-inhibited 86 Rb uptake) reflected the increase in Na+ pump site number. These key events precede the observed increases in both protein production and cellular proliferation. If the same cells are maintained in defined medium, without fetal calf serum, Nai, Ki, and the number of [ 3 H]ouabain binding sites do not change with time. These data are consistent with the suggestion that the initial mitogenic response of vascular smooth muscle cells to fetal calf serum involves an increased Na+ influx, and a Nai accumulation, caused by low Na+ pump density. The synthesis of new pump sites effects a decrease in the accumulated Nai, which may be related to cell proliferation

On the Stability of NaO2 in Na-O2 Batteries.

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Chenjuan; Carboni, Marco; Brant, William R; Pan, Ruijun; Hedman, Jonas; Zhu, Jiefang; Gustafsson, Torbjörn; Younesi, Reza

2018-04-25

Na-O 2 batteries are regarded as promising candidates for energy storage. They have higher energy efficiency, rate capability, and chemical reversibility than Li-O 2 batteries; in addition, sodium is cheaper and more abundant compared to lithium. However, inconsistent observations and instability of discharge products have inhibited the understanding of the working mechanism of this technology. In this work, we have investigated a number of factors that influence the stability of the discharge products. By means of in operando powder X-ray diffraction study, the influence of oxygen, sodium anode, salt, solvent, and carbon cathode were investigated. The Na metal anode and an ether-based solvent are the main factors that lead to the instability and decomposition of NaO 2 in the cell environment. This fundamental insight brings new information on the working mechanism of Na-O 2 batteries.

NaK handling and removal

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Desreumaux, J.; Rodriguez, G.; Guigon, A.; Verdelli, J.; Thomine, G.

1997-01-01

Sodium-potassium alloy is used in specific application in French Fast Breeder Reactors as: cold traps, NaK bubbler for argon purification, valves and also in experimental irradiation devices. lt has been preferred to sodium because it is liquid from + 7 deg. C for the most common peritectic alloy. After its use, NaK is considered as a hazardous waste (nuclear or not) due to its high reactivity with air and water. The most important risk remains in handling NaK systems which have not been operated for some time. The NaK will be covered with a crust of the superoxide K02 which is a strong oxidising agent. Thermodynamically, K02 will react with most organic material or metallic dust or swarfs and can also react with additional NaK to give sufficient heat to boil part of the NaK, resulting in a sudden increase in pressure and small explosions. We describe the formation given to experimenters in our Sodium School and the CEA's experience in treating specific devices for transportation, decanting of tanks, tank opening and NaK removal. (author)

Angiotensin II-induced hypertension increases plasma membrane Na pump activity by enhancing Na entry in rat thick ascending limbs.

Science.gov (United States)

Gonzalez-Vicente, Agustin; Garvin, Jeffrey L

2013-11-01

Thick ascending limbs (TAL) reabsorb 30% of the filtered NaCl load. Na enters the cells via apical Na-K-2Cl cotransporters and Na/H exchangers and exits via basolateral Na pumps. Chronic angiotensin II (ANG II) infusion increases net TAL Na transport and Na apical entry; however, little is known about its effects on the basolateral Na pump. We hypothesized that in rat TALs Na pump activity is enhanced by ANG II-infusion, a model of ANG II-induced hypertension. Rats were infused with 200 ng·kg(-1)·min(-1) ANG II or vehicle for 7 days, and TAL suspensions were obtained. We studied plasma membrane Na pump activity by measuring changes in 1) intracellular Na (Nai) induced by ouabain; and 2) ouabain-sensitive oxygen consumption (QO2). We found that the ouabain-sensitive rise in Nai in TALs from ANG II-infused rats was 12.8 ± 0.4 arbitrary fluorescent units (AFU)·mg(-1)·min(-1) compared with only 9.9 ± 1.1 AFU·mg(-1)·min(-1) in controls (P Na pump expression, the number of Na pumps in the plasma membrane, or the affinity for Na. When furosemide (1.1 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) was coinfused with ANG II, no increase in plasma membrane Na pump activity was observed. We concluded that in ANG II-induced hypertension Na pump activity is increased in the plasma membrane of TALs and that this increase is caused by the chronically enhanced Na entry occurring in this model.

Silicene for Na-ion battery applications

KAUST Repository

Zhu, Jiajie

2016-08-19

Na-ion batteries are promising candidates to replace Li-ion batteries in large scale applications because of the advantages in natural abundance and cost of Na. Silicene has potential as the anode in Li-ion batteries but so far has not received attention with respect to Na-ion batteries. In this context, freestanding silicene, a graphene-silicene-graphene heterostructure, and a graphene-silicene superlattice are investigated for possible application in Na-ion batteries, using first-principles calculations. The calculated Na capacities of 954mAh/g for freestanding silicene and 730mAh/g for the graphenesilicene superlattice (10% biaxial tensile strain) are highly competitive and potentials of >0.3 V against the Na/Na potential exceed the corresponding value of graphite. In addition, the diffusion barriers are predicted to be <0.3 eV.

Hydrolysis of Rice Straw Pretreated by Na2SO3 Over Fe-resin/NaCl

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YANG Hui

2017-05-01

Full Text Available To increase the conversion of rice straw(RS and the yield of products, we employed three methods, which were ultrasonic wave, steam explosion and Na2SO3 pretreatment to pretreat RS(the treated RS noted as CS-RS, ZQ-RS and Na2SO3-RS, respectively and found that Na2SO3 treatment was the best pretreatment method based on XRD, SEM, elemental analysis and content of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The conversion of Na2SO3-RS and the yield of total reducing sugar(TRS and levulinic acid(LA were 97.3%, 29.6% and 13.5%, respectively by 10% Fe-resin in 3.3% NaCl solution under 200 ℃.

Tendências de índices de extremos climáticos para a região de Manaus-AM Trends of extreme climatic indices for Manaus - AM region

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Antonio Costa dos Santos

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Foram estudadas tendências nos índices de extremos climáticos baseados em dados de precipitação para três estações localizadas em Manaus e na região circunvizinha para o período de 1971-2007. Baseado nos resultados obtidos pode ser observado que houve aumento da precipitação total anual sobre a região estudada. A estação localizada na zona urbana de Manaus (INMET teve aumento, com significância estatística, dos eventos de precipitação iguais ou superiores a 50 mm (R50mm, na precipitação máxima acumulada em cinco dias consecutivos (Rx5day e nos dias úmidos (R95p, indicando que Manaus poderá sofrer com o aumento das chuvas extremas. Aumento das anomalias positivas de TSM no Oceano Pacífico Equatorial leva a um aumento dos dias consecutivos secos e diminuição dos eventos extremos de chuva e da precipitação total sobre a bacia amazônica. As anomalias positivas de TSM no Oceano Atlântico Sul induz o deslocamento da ZCIT mais ao sul do Equador levando a um aumento da precipitação sobre a região de Manaus. Os resultados obtidos aqui têm potencial para possíveis previsões das características da precipitação em Manaus.Trends in the extreme climate indices based on precipitation data at three stations in and around the city of Manaus for the period 1971-2007 are studied. Based on the results obtained it can be observed that there was an increase of the annual total precipitation in the area studied. At the station located in the city of Manaus (INMET, the frequency of precipitation events with 50 mm (R50mm or more, the amount precipitation in five consecutive days (Rx5day and the number of wet days (R95p, showed an increase, with statistical significance, indicating that Manaus may suffer with the increase of the extreme rainfall events. An increase in the positive SST anomalies in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean induce an increase of the consecutive dry days and decrease of the extreme rainfall events and

Na+/H+ and Na+/NH4+ exchange activities of zebrafish NHE3b expressed in Xenopus oocytes

Science.gov (United States)

Ito, Yusuke; Kato, Akira; Hirata, Taku; Hirose, Shigehisa

2014-01-01

Zebrafish Na+/H+ exchanger 3b (zNHE3b) is highly expressed in the apical membrane of ionocytes where Na+ is absorbed from ion-poor fresh water against a concentration gradient. Much in vivo data indicated that zNHE3b is involved in Na+ absorption but not leakage. However, zNHE3b-mediated Na+ absorption has not been thermodynamically explained, and zNHE3b activity has not been measured. To address this issue, we overexpressed zNHE3b in Xenopus oocytes and characterized its activity by electrophysiology. Exposure of zNHE3b oocytes to Na+-free media resulted in significant decrease in intracellular pH (pHi) and intracellular Na+ activity (aNai). aNai increased significantly when the cytoplasm was acidified by media containing CO2-HCO3− or butyrate. Activity of zNHE3b was inhibited by amiloride or 5-ethylisopropyl amiloride (EIPA). Although the activity was accompanied by a large hyperpolarization of ∼50 mV, voltage-clamp experiments showed that Na+/H+ exchange activity of zNHE3b is electroneutral. Exposure of zNHE3b oocytes to medium containing NH3/NH4+ resulted in significant decreases in pHi and aNai and significant increase in intracellular NH4+ activity, indicating that zNHE3b mediates the Na+/NH4+ exchange. In low-Na+ (0.5 mM) media, zNHE3b oocytes maintained aNai of 1.3 mM, and Na+-influx was observed when pHi was decreased by media containing CO2-HCO3− or butyrate. These results provide thermodynamic evidence that zNHE3b mediates Na+ absorption from ion-poor fresh water by its Na+/H+ and Na+/NH4+ exchange activities. PMID:24401990

The relation between aging, aortic NaF avidity and coronary artery NaF avidity: A NaF PET CT study

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Blomberg, Björn; Thomassen, Anders; Hildebrandt, Malene

2013-01-01

volunteers without traditional cardiovascular risk factors were prospectively assessed by Sodium 18-Fluoride (Na-18F) PET CT imaging. Global aortic uptake of Na-18F was determined by calculating the average aortic blood pool subtracted maximum standardized uptake value (cSUV) [maximum SUVaorta - mean...

Rescue of Na+ and H+ binding in Na+,K+-ATPase M8 aspartate mutants by secondary mutation

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Holm, Rikke; Einholm, Anja P.; Andersen, Jens Peter

A mutation replacing the aspartate in transmembrane segment M8 in the a3-isoform of Na,K-ATPase with asparagine has been found in patients with rapid-onset dystonia parkinsonism or alternating hemiplegia of childhood. This aspartate may be a critical Na+ coordinating residue, but the crystal......-isoforms of Na,K-ATPase, and much smaller effects were seen for other mutations to the M8 aspartate, which were less disruptive of Na+ binding than mutations to other residues related to Na+ site III. The D928 (rat a1 numbering) mutations strongly diminished the cooperativity of Na+ binding. Moreover the p......H optimum of Na,K-ATPase activity was left-shifted, again with D928N being most disruptive. The reduced affinity for activating Na+ and for inhibitory protons, caused by D928N and D928A mutations, could be rescued by introduction of an additional mutation of a glutamate located far away from D928....

Salinity tolerance in barley (hordeum vulgare l.): effects of varying NaCl, K/sup +/ Na/sup +/ and NaHCO/sub 3/ levels on cultivars differing in tolerance

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mahmood, K.

2011-01-01

Although barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is regarded as salt tolerant among crop plants, its growth and plant development is severely affected by ionic and osmotic stresses in salt-affected soils. To elucidate the tolerance mechanism, growth and ion uptake of three barley cultivars, differing in salt tolerance, were examined under different levels of NaCl, K/sup +/ Na/sup +/ and NaHCO/sub 3/ in the root medium. The cultivars differed greatly in their responses to varying root medium conditions. Plant growth was more adversely affected by NaHCO/sub 3/ than NaCl. In general, biomass yields were comparable under control and 100 mM NaCl. However, growth of all three cultivars was significantly inhibited by NaHCO/sub 3/ even at low concentration (10 mM). Improved K/sup +/ supply in saline medium increased K/sup +/ uptake and growth of less tolerant cultivars. K/sup +/ uptake was more adversely affected by NaHCO/sub 3/ than NaCl salinity. Selective K/sup +/ uptake and lower Cl/sup -/ in shoots seemed to be associated with the growth responses. K application would help better growth of these cultivars on K-deficient saline-sodic soils and under irrigation with poor quality water having high Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) and/or Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR). (author)

Glutathionylation-Dependence of Na+-K+-Pump Currents Can Mimic Reduced Subsarcolemmal Na+ Diffusion

OpenAIRE

Garcia, Alvaro; Liu, Chia-Chi; Cornelius, Flemming; Clarke, Ronald?J.; Rasmussen, Helge?H.

2016-01-01

The existence of a subsarcolemmal space with restricted diffusion for Na+ in cardiac myocytes has been inferred from a transient peak electrogenic Na+-K+ pump current beyond steady state on reexposure of myocytes to K+ after a period of exposure to K+-free extracellular solution. The transient peak current is attributed to enhanced electrogenic pumping of Na+ that accumulated in the diffusion-restricted space during pump inhibition in K+-free extracellular solution. However, there are no know...

Myocardial Na,K-ATPase: Clinical aspects

OpenAIRE

Kjeldsen, Keld

2003-01-01

The specific binding of digitalis glycosides to Na,K-ATPase is used as a tool for Na,K-ATPase quantification with high accuracy and precision. In myocardial biopsies from patients with heart failure, total Na,K-ATPase concentration is decreased by around 40%; a correlation exists between a decrease in heart function and a decrease in Na,K-ATPase concentration. During digitalization, around 30% of remaining pumps are occupied by digoxin. Myocardial Na,K-ATPase is also influenced by other drugs...

Down-Regulation of the Na+-Coupled Phosphate Transporter NaPi-IIa by AMP-Activated Protein Kinase

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Miribane Dërmaku-Sopjani

2013-11-01

Full Text Available Background/Aims: The Na+-coupled phosphate transporter NaPi-IIa is the main carrier accomplishing renal tubular phosphate reabsorption. It is driven by the electrochemical Na+ gradient across the apical cell membrane, which is maintained by Na+ extrusion across the basolateral cell membrane through the Na+/K+ ATPase. The operation of NaPi-IIa thus requires energy in order to avoid cellular Na+ accumulation and K+ loss with eventual decrease of cell membrane potential, Cl- entry and cell swelling. Upon energy depletion, early inhibition of Na+-coupled transport processes may delay cell swelling and thus foster cell survival. Energy depletion is sensed by the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK, a serine/threonine kinase stimulating several cellular mechanisms increasing energy production and limiting energy utilization. The present study explored whether AMPK influences the activity of NAPi-IIa. Methods: cRNA encoding NAPi-IIa was injected into Xenopus oocytes with or without additional expression of wild-type AMPK (AMPKα1-HA+AMPKβ1-Flag+AMPKγ1-HA, of inactive AMPKαK45R (AMPKα1K45R+AMPKβ1-Flag+AMPKγ1-HA or of constitutively active AMPKγR70Q (AMPKα1-HA+AMPKβ1-Flag+AMPKγ1R70Q. NaPi-IIa activity was estimated from phosphate-induced current in dual electrode voltage clamp experiments. Results: In NaPi-IIa-expressing, but not in water-injected Xenopus oocytes, the addition of phosphate (1 mM to the extracellular bath solution generated a current (Ip, which was significantly decreased by coexpression of wild-type AMPK and of AMPKγR70Q but not of AMPKαK45R. The phosphate-induced current in NaPi-IIa- and AMPK-expressing Xenopus ooocytes was significantly increased by AMPK inhibitor Compound C (20 µM. Kinetic analysis revealed that AMPK significantly decreased the maximal transport rate. Conclusion: The AMP-activated protein kinase AMPK is a powerful regulator of NaPi-IIa and thus of renal tubular phosphate transport.

Thermodynamic study of NaFe complex oxides. High temperature properties of Na sub 5 FeO sub 4 and Na sub 3 FeO sub 3

CERN Document Server

Furukawa, T

2002-01-01

In order to contribute the investigation into corrosion mechanism of the structural materials by leakage sodium, thermodynamic study of Na-Fe complex oxides formed by the reactions was carried out. Na sub 5 FeO sub 4 and Na sub 3 FeO sub 3 were used as the sample. Its high temperature properties (i.e. melting, solidification and transformation) were observed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry, DSC. Moreover, the original test named 'melting point confirmation test' was performed for the observation of traces of melting and solidification after the tests. Following contents have been obtained by this study. (1) Na sub 5 FeO sub 4 was stably as the solid without phase transformation and melting until 800degC. However, the compound was showing a tendency to change into Na sub 4 FeO sub 3 with temperature increasing under the low oxygen potential. (2) The stability of Na sub 3 FeO sub 3 is the same as that of Na sub 5 FeO sub 4 until 700degC. Over the temperature, the compound was changed differential compound ...

Metallic Na formation in NaCl crystals with irradiation of electron or vacuum ultraviolet photon

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Owaki, Shigehiro [Osaka Prefecture Univ., Sakai, Osaka (Japan). Coll. of Integrated Arts and Sciences; Koyama, Shigeko; Takahashi, Masao; Kamada, Masao; Suzuki, Ryouichi

1997-03-01

Metallic Na was formed in NaCl single crystals with irradiation of a variety of radiation sources and analyzed the physical states with several methods. In the case of irradiation of 21 MeV electron pulses to the crystal blocks, the optical absorption and lifetime measurement of positron annihilation indicated appearance of Na clusters inside. Radiation effects of electron beam of 30 keV to the crystals in vacuum showed the appearance of not only metallic Na but atomic one during irradiation with Auger electron spectroscopy. Intense photon fluxes in vacuum ultraviolet region of synchrotron radiation were used as another source and an analyzing method of ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed the metallic Na layered so thick that bulk plasmon can exist. (author)

Scintillation efficiency measurement of Na recoils in NaI(Tl) below the DAMA/LIBRA energy threshold

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Xu, Jingke; Shields, Emily; Calaprice, Frank; Westerdale, Shawn; Froborg, Francis; Suerfu, Burkhant; Alexander, Thomas; Aprahamian, Ani; Back, Henning O.; Casarella, Clark; Fang, Xiao; Gupta, Yogesh K.; Ianni, Aldo; Lamere, Edward; Lippincott, W. Hugh; Liu, Qian; Lyons, Stephanie; Siegl, Kevin; Smith, Mallory; Tan, Wanpeng; Kolk, Bryant Vande

2015-07-01

The dark matter interpretation of the DAMA modulation signal depends on the NaI(Tl) scintillation efficiency of nuclear recoils. Previous measurements for Na recoils have large discrepancies, especially in the DAMA/LIBRA modulation energy region. We report a quenching effect measurement of Na recoils in NaI(Tl) from 3 to 52 keVnr, covering the whole DAMA/LIBRA energy region for dark matter-Na scattering interpretations. By using a low-energy, pulsed neutron beam, a double time-of-flight technique, and pulse-shape discrimination methods, we obtained the most accurate measurement of this kind for NaI(Tl) to date. The results differ significantly from the DAMA reported values at low energies but fall between the other previous measurements. We present the implications of the new quenching results for the dark matter interpretation of the DAMA modulation signal.

Synthesis of Ag or Pt Nanoparticles by Hydrolysis of Either Ag2Na or PtNa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Huabin Wang

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Ag and Pt nanoparticles have successfully been synthesized by hydrolysis of either Ag2Na or PtNa at room temperature. The oxidation of sodium in the Pt-Na pellets was much faster than that in the Ag-Na pellets since Pt is a catalyst for H2O formation reaction from hydrogen and oxygen at room temperature. The hydrolysis byproduct, NaOH, has a high solubility and easily is removed. This method offers a simple method of preparing transition metal nanoparticles. The Ag and Pt nanoparticles prepared by this method were crystalline in nature, and spherical in shape with a mean size of around 10 nm.

Dynamic polarizabilities and Van der Waals coefficients for alkali atoms Li, Na and alkali dimer molecules Li2, Na2 and NaLi

Science.gov (United States)

Mérawa, M.; Dargelos, A.

1998-07-01

The present paper gives an account of investigations of the polarizability of the alkali atoms Li, Na, diatomics homonuclear and heteronuclear Li2, Na2 and NaLi at SCF (Self Consistent Field) level of approximation and at correlated level, using a time Time-Dependent Gauge Invariant method (TDGI). Our static polarizability values agree with the best experimental and theoretical determinations. The Van der Waals C6 coefficients for the atom-atom, atom-dimer and dimer-dimer interactions have been evaluated. Les polarisabilités des atomes alcalins Li, Na, et des molécules diatomiques homonucléaires et hétéronucléaire Li2, Na2 et NaLi, ont été calculées au niveau SCF (Self Consistent Field) et au niveau corrélé à partir d'une méthode invariante de jauge dépendante du temps(TDGI). Nos valeurs des polarisabilités statiques sont en accord avec les meilleurs déterminations expérimentales et théoriques. Les coefficients C6 de Van de Waals pour les interactions atome-atome, atome-dimère et dimère-dimère ont également été évalués.

Structure-function relationships of Na+, K+, ATP, or Mg2+ binding and energy transduction in Na,K-ATPase

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jorgensen, Peter L.; Pedersen, Per Amstrup

2000-01-01

Na,K-ATPase; Mutagenesis; Na+ binding; K+ binding; Tl+ binding; Mg2+ binding; ATP binding; Cation binding site; Energy transduction......Na,K-ATPase; Mutagenesis; Na+ binding; K+ binding; Tl+ binding; Mg2+ binding; ATP binding; Cation binding site; Energy transduction...

At NA2

CERN Multimedia

1977-01-01

One of the NA2 calorimeter sections is moved in. The NA2 calorimeter was divided in two halves, to the left and the right of the beam, each half consisting of sheets of passive high Z material interleaved with blades of plastic scintillators. The photo shows on the right, the upstream 'electron' module with eleven lead plates for a total radiation length of 20.

Contextos domésticos no sítio arqueológico do Porto, Santarém, Brasil, identificados com o auxílio da geofísica por meio do método GPR

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Denise Maria Cavalcante Gomes

Full Text Available O artigo discute a aplicação sistemática do método geofísico Radar de Penetração no Solo (GPR na prospecção arqueológica intrassítio realizada no sítio do Porto (PA 00788, localizado em área urbana, no município de Santarém, Pará. O método indicou diferentes tipos de anomalia, testados por meio de escavações. Os resultados apontaram para a existência de feições antrópicas para deposição de lixo e de áreas para a produção de artefatos líticos, além de um enterramento secundário em urna cerâmica, o que permitiu ampliar o conhecimento sobre os contextos domésticos da cultura Santarém (1000-1600 A.D..

Achados neuro-urológicos da síndrome de Williams: relato de caso

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TOBIAS-MACHADO MARCOS

1998-01-01

Full Text Available A síndrome de Williams (SW é doença relativamente rara, caracterizada por retardo mental e psicomotor de graus variados, facies característica, anomalias cardiovasculares, hipercalcemia e disfunções orgânicas múltiplas. Os achados urológicos desta entidade, apesar ocorrerem em até 40% dos casos, têm sido pouco abordados na literatura. Apresentamos o caso de uma paciente de 6 anos de idade, com diagnóstico de SW e que há 3 anos tem apresentado sintomas de polaciúria e urge-incontinência. A investigação revelou divertículos vesicais e hiperatividade detrusora, tratada com sucesso com oxibutimina. Ressaltamos a importância da investigação urológica, descrevemos os principais achados e discutimos a fisiopatologia e a abordagem terapêutica, a qual permite melhora das condições clínicas e sociais desses pacientes.

Na+-K+ pump in chronic renal failure

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Deepak, K.; Kahn, T.

1987-01-01

This review summarizes the evidence for the defect in Na + -K + pump in chronic renal failure, considers the role of various factors in causing this defect, and discusses the clinical implications thereof. Intracellular Na is elevated in erythrocytes, leukocytes, and muscle cells from some patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). Recent evidence suggest that this elevation of cell Na may be, in large part, a consequence of decreased number of Na + -K + pump units per cell. Maintenance dialysis over a period of weeks ameliorates the defect in intracellular Na + , and this improvement is contemporaneous with an increase in the number of Na + -K + pump sites per cell. In erythrocytes with normal cell Na + , acute hemodialysis increases the rate of 22 Na + and 42 K + transport. Many factors such as the presence of retained toxic metabolite or circulating inhibitor in the uremic plasma, or biochemical changes produced by acute hemodialysis, may explain this finding. In cells with high cell Na + , the pump-mediated 42 K + transport is normalized at the expense of a raised cell Na + . The decreased muscle membrane potential in uremic subjects has been attributed to a decreased activity of Na + -K + pump. The authors discuss the role of hormonal abnormalities and circulating inhibitors, which may cause an acute inhibition of the pump and of other factors such as K + depletion, which may cause more chronic alterations. The implications of alteration of Na + and K + pump transport and raised cell Na + on other non-pump-mediated transport pathways are discussed. Raised cell Na + may be a marker for the adequacy of maintenance dialysis in patients with end-stage renal failure

Pozitivni in negativni vplivi risank na otroke

OpenAIRE

Povše, Nika

2017-01-01

V tej diplomski nalogi smo raziskovali pozitivne in negativne vplive risank na otroke. Začeli smo z zgodovino televizije, tako svetovno zgodovino kot zgodovino televizije na Slovenskem. Na isti način smo pregledali tudi zgodovino risank. Raziskovali smo otrokov razvoj, predvsem tiste vidike, ki so izpostavljeni vplivom risank, kot so morala, jezik, domišljija in učenje. Sledilo je raziskovanje negativnih in pozitivnih vplivov, ki jih imajo risanke na otroke, kar je tudi naš glavni problem te ...

Vpliv konfucija na sodobno izobraževanje na Kitajskem

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Katja Skitek

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Izobraževanje na Kitajskem je bilo vedno trdno povezano s Konfucijem in konfucianizmom, kar pa ni čudno, saj je bil Konfucij prvi, ki je poudarjal moč z nanja in izobraževanja. LR Kitajska je v zadnjih petdesetih letih počasi in postopoma začela uveljavljati določene spremembe v vzgojno-izobraževalni sistem. Kakšne so te spremembe in koliko nanje še vedno vpliva konfucianizem, bo osrednja tema pričujočega članka. Konfucianizem danes na Kitajskem ni preveč popularen, izobraženci pa so se razporedili v dve skupini: eni trdijo, da je njegov vpliv še vedno velik, drugi pa zatrjujejo, da nima več nobenega vpliva na sodobno življenje. Katera stran ima prav? Konfucij je v prvi vrsti poudarjal pomembnost moralnih vrednot vsakega človeka in prav moralne vrednote, za katere se je zavzemal, so še danes trdno zasidrane v kitajski kulturi. Ali je torej sploh mogoče popolnoma izriniti Konfucija iz sodobnega izobraževanja?

Low-spin states of 23Na

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bakkum, E.L.

1987-01-01

A study of 23 Na via the 22 Ne(p,γ) 23 Na and 23 Na(γ,γ) 23 Na reactions is presented. Only a limited number of resonances has been studied, selected on the basis of strong excitation of the lowest levels of which the spin was unknown. As a result the spins are now known of all levels of 23 Na with excitation energies up to 7 MeV, except for a few high-spin states which are too weakly excited in the decay of the known 22 Ne(p,γ) resonances. The mean lifetimes of the 23 Na levels at 4.43 and 7.89 MeV were found to be 350±70 and 220±17 attoseconds (1 attosecond = 10 -18 seconds) respectively. 97 refs.; 22 figs.; 12 tabs

Response of saliva Na/K ratio to changing Na supply of lactating cows under tropical conditions

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Thiangtum, Wandee; Schonewille, J Thomas; Verstegen, Martin Wa; Arsawakulsudhi, Supot; Rukkwamsuk, Theera; Hendriks, Wouter H

BACKGROUND: Factorial determination of the sodium (Na) requirement of heat-stressed lactating cows is hindered by accurate estimates of the Na losses through sweat. Direct studies, therefore, may be needed requiring information on the time course of healthy animals to become Na depleted and the

Response of saliva Na/K ratio to changing Na supply of lactating cows under tropical conditions

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Thiangtum, Wandee; Schonewille, Thomas J.; Verstegen, Martin W.A.; Arsawakulsudhi, Supot; Rukkwamsuk, Theera; Hendriks, Wouter H.

2017-01-01

BACKGROUND: Factorial determination of the sodium (Na) requirement of heat-stressed lactating cows is hindered by accurate estimates of the Na losses through sweat. Direct studies, therefore, may be needed requiring information on the time course of healthy animals to become Na depleted and the

Clues to NaCN formation

Science.gov (United States)

Quintana-Lacaci, G.; Cernicharo, J.; Velilla Prieto, L.; Agúndez, M.; Castro-Carrizo, A.; Fonfría, J. P.; Massalkhi, S.; Pardo, J. R.

2017-11-01

Context. ALMA is providing us essential information on where certain molecules form. Observing where these molecules emission arises from, the physical conditions of the gas, and how this relates with the presence of other species allows us to understand the formation of many species, and to significantly improve our knowledge of the chemistry that occurs in the space. Aims: We studied the molecular distribution of NaCN around IRC +10216, a molecule detected previously, but whose origin is not clear. High angular resolution maps allow us to model the abundance distribution of this molecule and check suggested formation paths. Methods: We modeled the emission of NaCN assuming local thermal equilibrium (LTE) conditions. These profiles were fitted to azimuthal averaged intensity profiles to obtain an abundance distribution of NaCN. Results: We found that the presence of NaCN seems compatible with the presence of CN, probably as a result of the photodissociation of HCN, in the inner layers of the ejecta of IRC +10216. However, similar as for CH3CN, current photochemical models fail to reproduce this CN reservoir. We also found that the abundance peak of NaCN appears at a radius of 3 × 1015 cm, approximately where the abundance of NaCl, suggested to be the parent species, starts to decay. However, the abundance ratio shows that the NaCl abundance is lower than that obtained for NaCN. We expect that the LTE assumption might result in NaCN abundances higher than the real ones. Updated photochemical models, collisional rates, and reaction rates are essential to determine the possible paths of the NaCN formation. Based on observations carried out with ALMA and the IRAM 30 m Telescope. ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA) and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada) and NSC and ASIAA (Taiwan), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO and NAOJ. IRAM is supported by INSU/CNRS (France

The effect of Na+ and K+ on the thermal denaturation of Na+ and + K+-dependent ATPase.

Science.gov (United States)

Fischer, T H

1983-01-01

To increase our understanding of the physical nature of the Na+ and K+ forms of the Na+ + K+-dependent ATPase, thermal-denaturation studies were conducted in different types of ionic media. Thermal-denaturation measurements were performed by measuring the regeneration of ATPase activity after slow pulse exposure to elevated temperatures. Two types of experiments were performed. First, the dependence of the thermal-denaturation rate on Na+ and K+ concentrations was examined. It was found that both cations stabilized the pump protein. Also, K+ was a more effective stabilizer of the native state than was Na+. Secondly, a set of thermodynamic parameters was obtained by measuring the temperature-dependence of the thermal-denaturation rate under three ionic conditions: 60 mM-K+, 150 mM-Na+ and no Na+ or K+. It was found that ion-mediated stabilization of the pump protein was accompanied by substantial increases in activation enthalpy and entropy, the net effect being a less-pronounced increase in activation free energy. PMID:6309139

ANÁLISE MORFOLÓGICA DA REDE DE DRENAGEM DO ALTO JURUÁ/AC, EXTRAÍDA DE MDE-SRTM.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Madalena Sousa

2017-03-01

Full Text Available A caracterização da rede de drenagem utilizando variáveis como morfologia, propriedade e padrão auxiliam na identificação dos fatores de evolução da área. O uso dos dados e técnicas de Sensoriamento Remoto fornece ajuda significante em áreas com fisiografia complexa de difícil acesso como é o caso da Amazônia. Este trabalho consiste numa análise morfológica da rede de drenagem atual do Rio Juruá mais especificamente na região denominada Alto Juruá, no estado do Acre, utilizando imagens obtidas do MDE –SRTM. A análise mostra que o rio Juruá apresenta fortes evidências de feições tectônica afetando a paisagem, isto é revelado pelas seguintes características encontradas: lineamentos morfoestruturais coincidindo com a orientação geral das falhas, predomínio de padrões de drenagem variáveis, incluindo treliça, paralelas e retangular, abundância de anomalias nas drenagem tanto atuais quanto pretéritas, incluindo desvios de drenagem em ângulos retos e canais retilíneos.

Financiranje projekata na pomorskom dobru

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Zoran Tasić

2018-02-01

Full Text Available Koncesije otvaraju vrlo osjetljiva politička, ekonomska i pravna pitanja u mnogim državama svijeta. Samo definiranje pojma koncesije često je komplicirana i ne sasvim jasna zadaća. OECD je prihvatila definiciju koncesije kao: ’’davanje prava privatnom trgovačkom društvu da može gospodarski upravljati određenom infrastrukturnim uslugama i za to zarađivati naknadu. Koncesionar dobija u posjed određene objekte (ali vlasništvo na tim objektima ostaje u rukama države te ih koristi u svrhu obavljanja određene djelatnosti ili usluge sukladno odredbama ugovora’’. Hrvatsko pravo definira koncesije načelno kao pravo stečeno temeljem ugovora o koncesiji, a sukladno uvjetima sadržanim u odluci o davanju koncesije (koju je donijelo odgovarajuće upravno tijelo, a u odnosu na pomorsko dobro, specifično, kao pravo državne vlasti da može dio pomorskog dobra, koje je inače dobro izvan pravnog prometa (res extra commercium, isključiti iz opće uporabe bilo dijelom ili u cijelosti, i dati ga fizičkoj ili pravnoj osobi na gospodarsko korištenje sukladno određenim prostornim planovima. Građevine i drugi objekti izgrađeni na pomorskom dobru čine njegov sastavni dio. Zakonom je jasno određeno da nikakva stvarna prava nisu dopuštena na pomorskom dobru, uključivo i na objektima izgrađenima na njemu. Projekti na pomorskom dobru često uključuju velike infrastrukturne projekte, razvoje luka i marina, koji iziskuju značajna financijska sredstva. Banke koje financiraju takve projekte zahtijevaju organiziran i transparentan zakonski okvir koncesija, slobodu ugovaranja, pravnu zaštitu svih strana uključenih u projekt (uključivo i mogućnost međunarodne arbitraže. (...

Controlled phase stability of highly Na-active triclinic structure in nanoscale high-voltage Na2-2xCo1+xP2O7 cathode for Na-ion batteries

Science.gov (United States)

Song, Hee Jo; Kim, Jae-Chan; Dar, Mushtaq Ahmad; Kim, Dong-Wan

2018-02-01

With the increasing demand for high energy density in energy-storage systems, a high-voltage cathode is essential in rechargeable Li-ion and Na-ion batteries. The operating voltage of a triclinic-polymorph Na2CoP2O7, also known as the rose form, is above 4.0 V (vs. Na/Na+), which is relatively high compared to that of other cathode materials. Thus, it can be employed as a potential high-voltage cathode material in Na-ion batteries. However, it is difficult to synthesize a pure rose phase because of its low phase stability, thus limiting its use in high-voltage applications. Herein, compositional-engineered, rose-phase Na2-2xCo1+xP2O7/C (x = 0, 0.1 and 0.2) nanopowder are prepared using a wet-chemical method. The Na2-2xCo1+xP2O7/C cathode shows high electrochemical reactivity with Na ions at 4.0 V, delivering high capacity and high energy density.

Optimization of NaOH Molarity, LUSI Mud/Alkaline Activator, and Na2SiO3/NaOH Ratio to Produce Lightweight Aggregate-Based Geopolymer

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rafiza Abdul Razak

2015-05-01

Full Text Available This paper presents the mechanical function and characterization of an artificial lightweight geopolymer aggregate (ALGA using LUSI (Sidoarjo mud and alkaline activator as source materials. LUSI stands for LU-Lumpur and SI-Sidoarjo, meaning mud from Sidoarjo which erupted near the Banjarpanji-1 exploration well in Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia on 27 May 2006. The effect of NaOH molarity, LUSI mud/Alkaline activator (LM/AA ratio, and Na2SiO3/NaOH ratio to the ALGA are investigated at a sintering temperature of 950 °C. The results show that the optimum NaOH molarity found in this study is 12 M due to the highest strength (lowest AIV value of 15.79% with lower water absorption and specific gravity. The optimum LUSI mud/Alkaline activator (LM/AA ratio of 1.7 and the Na2SiO3/NaOH ratio of 0.4 gives the highest strength with AIV value of 15.42% with specific gravity of 1.10 g/cm3 and water absorption of 4.7%. The major synthesized crystalline phases were identified as sodalite, quartz and albite. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM image showed more complete geopolymer matrix which contributes to highest strength of ALGA produced.

Optimization of NaOH Molarity, LUSI Mud/Alkaline Activator, and Na2SiO3/NaOH Ratio to Produce Lightweight Aggregate-Based Geopolymer

Science.gov (United States)

Abdul Razak, Rafiza; Abdullah, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri; Hussin, Kamarudin; Ismail, Khairul Nizar; Hardjito, Djwantoro; Yahya, Zarina

2015-01-01

This paper presents the mechanical function and characterization of an artificial lightweight geopolymer aggregate (ALGA) using LUSI (Sidoarjo mud) and alkaline activator as source materials. LUSI stands for LU-Lumpur and SI-Sidoarjo, meaning mud from Sidoarjo which erupted near the Banjarpanji-1 exploration well in Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia on 27 May 2006. The effect of NaOH molarity, LUSI mud/Alkaline activator (LM/AA) ratio, and Na2SiO3/NaOH ratio to the ALGA are investigated at a sintering temperature of 950 °C. The results show that the optimum NaOH molarity found in this study is 12 M due to the highest strength (lowest AIV value) of 15.79% with lower water absorption and specific gravity. The optimum LUSI mud/Alkaline activator (LM/AA) ratio of 1.7 and the Na2SiO3/NaOH ratio of 0.4 gives the highest strength with AIV value of 15.42% with specific gravity of 1.10 g/cm3 and water absorption of 4.7%. The major synthesized crystalline phases were identified as sodalite, quartz and albite. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image showed more complete geopolymer matrix which contributes to highest strength of ALGA produced. PMID:26006238

Complicações obstétricas em gestações com feto portador de anomalia incompatível com a sobrevida neonatal Complicaciones obstétricas en gestaciones con feto portador de anomalía incompatible con la sobrevivencia neonatal Obstetric complications in pregnancies with fetal anomalies incompatible with neonatal survival

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Danila Cristina Paquier Sala

2010-10-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Descrever as complicações obstétricas mais comuns encontradas nos períodos gestacional, parto e puerpério imediato de gestantes com fetos portadores de anomalias incompatíveis com a vida. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo, onde avaliou-se 78 prontuários de pacientes atendidas no pré-natal da Disciplina de Medicina Fetal da Universidade Federal de São Paulo que tiveram partos nessa mesma instituição, entre 2000 e 2006. RESULTADOS: As principais complicações obstétricas identificadas foram:variação do volume de líquido amniótico em 68%; abortamento, parto pré-termo e a gravidez prolongada estiveram presentes em 6,4%, 55,1% e 3,8% das gestações, respectivamente; óbito fetal intra-uterino em 17,9%; descolamento prematuro da placenta ocorreu em 6,4% e histerectomia em 2,6%. CONCLUSÃO: Estes resultados sugerem aumento de risco materno em gestações com fetos portadores de anomalias graves, fato que demonstra necessidade de avaliação especializada caso a caso.OBJETIVO: Describir las complicaciones obstétricas más comunes encontradas en los períodos de gestación, parto y puerperio inmediato de embarazadas con fetos portadores de anomalías incompatibles con la vida. MÉTODOS: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, que evaluó 78 fichas médicas de pacientes atendidos en el prenatal de la Disciplina de Medicina Fetal de la Universidad Federal de Sao Paulo que tuvieron partos en esa misma institución, entre 2000 y 2006. RESULTADOS: Las principales complicaciones obstétricas identificadas fueron: variación del volumen de líquido amniótico en 68%; abortamiento, parto pre-término y embarazo prolongado estuvieron presentes en 6,4%, 55,1% y 3,8% de las gestaciones, respectivamente; muerte fetal intra-uterina en 17,9%; desprendimiento prematuro de la placenta ocurrió en 6,4% e histerectomía en 2,6%. CONCLUSIÓN: Éstos resultados sugieren un aumento del riesgo materno en gestaciones con fetos portadores de anomal

UTJECAJ POZITIVNE DISKRIMINACIJE NA UKLJUČIVANJE ŽENA NA TRŽIŠTE RADA U REPUBLICI HRVATSKOJ

OpenAIRE

Dovranić, Dora; Katavić, Ivica

2016-01-01

U početku 21. stoljeća često se koristi pojam pozitivne (afirmativne) diskriminacije. Pozitivna diskriminacija mjera je koju poduzima vlada, neka organizacija ili korporacija s ciljem da se smanje nejednakosti u društvu nastale upravo diskriminacijom, na način da se pružaju određene povlastice onima koji su pretrpjeli neku vrstu diskriminacije. Nastala je u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama na inicijativu predsjednika Kennedyja, Johnsona i Nixona. Diskriminacija, nažalost, ima mnogo oblika, a ne...

Reaction of metal oxides with molten mixtures NaPO3+NaCl

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kovarskaya, E.N.; Mityakhina, V.S.; Rodionov, Yu.I.; Silin, M.Yu.

1988-01-01

By methods of solubility determination and paper chromatography it is shown, that Fe 2 O 3 solution in NaPO 3 +NaCl melts in the air relizes due to its chemical interaction with solvent resulting in formation of iron and sodium binary di- and monophosphates depending on melt-solvent initial composition, its attainment of equilibrium state and experiment temperature. It is established, that oxides increased solubility in melts with NaCl initial content ∼30 mol.% is specified by sodium tri- and tricyclophosphates presence in the melts. On this basis of NGR-spectroscopy data the presence of iron, europium, tin and sodium binary di- and monophosphates in some chloride-polyphosphate melts is confirmed

Crystal structure of polyphosphates NaCd(PO3)3 and NaMn(PO3)3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Murashova, E.V.; Chudinova, N.N.

1997-01-01

Crystal structure of NaCd(PO 3 ) 3 (1) and NaMn(PO 3 ) 3 (2) isostructural polyphosphates was determined for twin samples. Rhombic lattice parameters of (1): a = 14.678, b = 14.669, c = 14.705 A, sp. gr. P2 1 2 1 2 1 , Z = 16. The structure of compounds is of frame type. Polyphosphate chain with repetition period of 24 PO 4 tetrahedrons contacts with NaO 6 and M 2 O 6 octahedrons by means of common oxygen vertices. Similarities and differences in structure of mentioned polyphosphates and earlier analyzed NaMg(PO 3 ) 3 polyphosphate are noted [ru

Effect of growth in lithium on ouabain binding, Na-K-ATPase and Na and K transport in hela cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Boardman, L J; Hume, S P; Lamb, J F; Polson, J

1975-01-01

1. HeLa cells were grown for 24 hr in growth medium in which part of the Na was replaced with Li. Ion contents, cell volumes and numbers, Na-K-ATPase and specific ouabain binding were measured. In some experiments the Na efflux and net Na transport was also measured. 2. Growth in Li caused a rise in the specific ouabain binding and membrane Na-K-ATPase of these cells. The Li concentrations in the cells necessary to produce this effect ranged up to 50 mM. 3. It is suggested that Li, like Na, acts on the genetic material of the cells to cause the production of more Na pumps within the membrane. PMID:124350

AVALIAÇÃO DO POTENCIAL TERAPÊUTICO DE BACCHARIS DRACUNCULIFOLIA E PEUMUS BOLDUS NO PROCESSO FIBROSANTE HEPÁTICO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Caio Mateus da Silva

2017-03-01

Full Text Available As doenças do fígado são consideradas um problema de saúde mundial e ainda terapias eficientes não foram desenvolvidas para a maioria dessas patologias. Mais especificamente, a fibrose hepática é característica comum do início de várias das anomalias no órgão. Dentro desse contexto, a busca por novos fármacos é necessária e o uso de plantas medicinais tem ganhado destaque. Neste trabalho, foi avaliado os efeitos dos extratos de Baccharis dracunculifolia e Peumus boldus em culturas de células hepáticas estreladas LX-2 em relação as alterações na morfologia dos filamentos de actina do citoesqueleto e no núcleo celular em ensaios de microscopia e na avaliação do padrão de expressão de genes relacionados à processos de apoptose e marcadores clássicos da fibrose hepática. Nos resultados, para as concentrações testadas o extrato de P. boldus altera o perfil de expressão de genes relacionados a apoptose causando maior estresse celular e quebrando a homeostase celular quando observados os filamentos de actina. Enquanto que a planta B. dracunculifolia apresentou uma grande melhora na reorganização do citoesqueleto e diminuição do estresse celular.

Effects of EDTA-Na (Na ethylenediaminetetraacetate) upon the metabolism of radiostrontium and radioyttrium in mice

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kikuchi, T; Wakisaka, G; Kono, T; Hiroaki, A; Yamamasu, T; Sugawa, I

1954-01-01

The toxicity of EDTA-Na, inert Sr (NO/sub 3/)/sub 2/ and Ba (NO/sub 3/)/sub 2/ has been examined. Simultaneous injection of EDTA-Na showed no significant effect upon the distribution of radio-Sr in the bones of mice. The distribution of radio-Y in the bones of mice tended to decrease following the simultaneous subcutaneous injection of /sup 91/Y and EDTA-Na.

Novel aspects of Na+,K+-ATPase

OpenAIRE

Aizman, Oleg

2002-01-01

Na,K-ATPase, an integral membrane protein expressed in each eukaryotic cell, serves as the major determinant of intracellular ion composition. In the current study we investigated novel aspects of Na,K-ATPase function and regulation. It is well established that Na,K-ATPase activity is regulated by reversible phosphorylation. New findings in this study are: 1) the level of intracellular Ca 2. concentration determines the functional effects of PKA and PKC-mediated Na,K-ATP...

High-Performance Na-O2 Batteries Enabled by Oriented NaO2 Nanowires as Discharge Products.

Science.gov (United States)

Khajehbashi, S Mohammad B; Xu, Lin; Zhang, Guobin; Tan, Shuangshuang; Zhao, Yan; Wang, Lai-Sen; Li, Jiantao; Luo, Wen; Peng, Dong-Liang; Mai, Liqiang

2018-06-13

Na-O 2 batteries are emerging rechargeable batteries due to their high theoretical energy density and abundant resources, but they suffer from sluggish kinetics due to the formation of large-size discharge products with cubic or irregular particle shapes. Here, we report the unique growth of discharge products of NaO 2 nanowires inside Na-O 2 batteries that significantly boosts the performance of Na-O 2 batteries. For this purpose, a high-spin Co 3 O 4 electrocatalyst was synthesized via the high-temperature oxidation of pure cobalt nanoparticles in an external magnetic field. The discharge products of NaO 2 nanowires are 10-20 nm in diameter and ∼10 μm in length, characteristics that provide facile pathways for electron and ion transfer. With these nanowires, Na-O 2 batteries have surpassed 400 cycles with a fixed capacity of 1000 mA h g -1 , an ultra-low over-potential of ∼60 mV during charging, and near-zero over-potential during discharging. This strategy not only provides a unique way to control the morphology of discharge products to achieve high-performance Na-O 2 batteries but also opens up the opportunity to explore growing nanowires in novel conditions.

Insight to the Thermal Decomposition and Hydrogen Desorption Behaviors of NaNH2-NaBH4 Hydrogen Storage Composite.

Science.gov (United States)

Pei, Ziwei; Bai, Ying; Wang, Yue; Wu, Feng; Wu, Chuan

2017-09-20

The lightweight compound material NaNH 2 -NaBH 4 is regarded as a promising hydrogen storage composite due to the high hydrogen density. Mechanical ball milling was employed to synthesize the composite NaNH 2 -NaBH 4 (2/1 molar ratio), and the samples were investigated utilizing thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis-mass spectroscopy (TG-DTA-MS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. The full-spectrum test (range of the ratio of mass to charge: 0-200) shows that the released gaseous species contain H 2 , NH 3 , B 2 H 6 , and N 2 in the heating process from room temperature to 400 °C, and possibly the impurity gas B 6 H 12 also exists. The TG/DTA analyses show that the composite NaNH 2 -NaBH 4 (2/1 molar ratio) is conductive to generate hydrogen so that the dehydrogenation process can be finished before 400 °C. Moreover, the thermal decomposition process from 200 to 400 °C involves two-step dehydrogenation reactions: (1) Na 3 (NH 2 ) 2 BH 4 hydride decomposes into Na 3 BN 2 and H 2 (200-350 °C); (2) remaining Na 3 (NH 2 ) 2 BH 4 reacts with NaBH 4 and Na 3 BN 2 , generating Na, BN, NH 3 , N 2 , and H 2 (350-400 °C). The better mechanism understanding of the thermal decomposition pathway lays a foundation for tailoring the hydrogen storage performance of the composite complex hydrides system.

Distinct pH dependencies of Na+/K+ selectivity at the two faces of Na,K-ATPase.

Science.gov (United States)

Cornelius, Flemming; Tsunekawa, Naoki; Toyoshima, Chikashi

2018-02-09

The sodium pump (Na,K-ATPase) in animal cells is vital for actively maintaining ATP hydrolysis-powered Na + and K + electrochemical gradients across the cell membrane. These ion gradients drive co- and countertransport and are critical for establishing the membrane potential. It has been an enigma how Na,K-ATPase discriminates between Na + and K + , despite the pumped ion on each side being at a lower concentration than the other ion. Recent crystal structures of analogs of the intermediate conformations E2·Pi·2K + and Na + -bound E1∼P·ADP suggest that the dimensions of the respective binding sites in Na,K-ATPase are crucial in determining its selectivity. Here, we found that the selectivity at each membrane face is pH-dependent and that this dependence is unique for each face. Most notable was a strong increase in the specific affinity for K + at the extracellular face ( i.e. E2 conformation) as the pH is lowered from 7.5 to 5. We also observed a smaller increase in affinity for K + on the cytoplasmic side (E1 conformation), which reduced the selectivity for Na + Theoretical analysis of the p K a values of ion-coordinating acidic amino acid residues suggested that the face-specific pH dependences and Na + /K + selectivities may arise from the protonation or ionization of key residues. The increase in K + selectivity at low pH on the cytoplasmic face, for instance, appeared to be associated with Asp 808 protonation. We conclude that changes in the ionization state of coordinating residues in Na,K-ATPase could contribute to altering face-specific ion selectivity. © 2018 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

OGLAŠEVANJE NA FACEBOOKU

OpenAIRE

Renko, Katica

2013-01-01

V magistrskem delu smo se seznanili z oglaševanjem na Facebooku. S pregledom gradiva, ki nam je ponujeno, smo preverili pogoje, načine, oblike … oglaševanja, ki pa smo jih s pregledom situacije v praksi preverili in dopolnili. Ob zaključku dela lahko rečemo, da je oglaševanje preko FB enostavnejše, cenejše, dostopnejše, omogoča nam ažurnost in samo komunikacijo z naslovniki, ki so potencialni kupci naših ponudb. Množični mediji nam omogočajo mnogotero obliko oglaševanja. Izbrana oblika ponuja...

Laser-induced ionization of Na vapor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wu, R.C.Y.; Judge, D.L.; Roussel, F.; Carre, B.; Breger, P.; Spiess, G.

1982-01-01

The production of Na 2 + ions by off-resonant laser excitation in the 5800-6200A region mainly results from two-photon absorption by the Na 2 molecule to highly excited gerade states followed by (a) direct ionization by absorbing a third photon or (b) coupling to the molecular Na 2 D 1 PIμ Rydberg state which is subsequently ionized by absorbing a third photon. This mechanism, i.e., a two-photon resonance three photon ionization process, explains a recent experimental observation of Roussel et al. It is suggested that the very same mechanism is also responsible for a similar observation reported by Polak-Dingels et al in their work using two crossed Na beams. In the latter two studies the laser-induced associative ionization processes were reported to be responsible for producing the Na 2 + ion. From the ratio of molecular to atomic concentration in the crossed beam experiment of Polak-Dingels et al we estimate that the cross section for producing Na 2 + through laser-induced associative ionization is at least four orders of magnitude smaller than ionization through the two-photon resonance three photon ionization process in Na 2 molecules

Characterization and antibacterial activity of silver exchanged regenerated NaY zeolite from surfactant-modified NaY zeolite

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Salim, Mashitah Mad; Malek, Nik Ahmad Nizam Nik, E-mail: niknizam@fbb.utm.my

2016-02-01

The antibacterial activity of regenerated NaY zeolite (thermal treatment from cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)-modified NaY zeolite and pretreatment with Na ions) loaded with silver ions were examined using the broth dilution minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method against Escherichia coli (E. coli ATCC 11229) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus ATCC 6538). X-ray diffraction (XRD), attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared (ATR–FTIR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and chemical elemental analyses were used to characterize the regenerated NaY and AgY zeolites. The XRD patterns indicated that the calcination and addition of silver ions on regenerated NaY zeolite did not affect the structure of the regenerated NaY zeolite as the characteristic peaks of the NaY zeolite were retained, and no new peaks were observed. The regenerated AgY zeolite showed good antibacterial activity against both bacteria strains in distilled water, and the antibacterial activity of the samples increased with increasing Ag loaded on the regenerated AgY zeolite; the regenerated AgY zeolite was more effective against E. coli than S. aureus. However, the antibacterial activity of the regenerated AgY was not effective in saline solution for both bacteria. The study showed that CTAB-modified NaY zeolite materials could be regenerated to NaY zeolite using thermal treatment (550 °C, 5 h) and this material has excellent performance as an antibacterial agent after silver ions loading. - Highlights: • Thermal treatment was used to regenerate surfactant modified zeolite. • The regenerated NaY zeolite formed was added with different silver loadings. • Regenerated AgY zeolite was tested for antibacterial activity on E. coli and S. aureus. • The antibacterial activity increased with increased of the amount of silver loadings. • The zeolite structure did not change with thermal and modification

Characterization and antibacterial activity of silver exchanged regenerated NaY zeolite from surfactant-modified NaY zeolite

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Salim, Mashitah Mad; Malek, Nik Ahmad Nizam Nik

2016-01-01

The antibacterial activity of regenerated NaY zeolite (thermal treatment from cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)-modified NaY zeolite and pretreatment with Na ions) loaded with silver ions were examined using the broth dilution minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method against Escherichia coli (E. coli ATCC 11229) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus ATCC 6538). X-ray diffraction (XRD), attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared (ATR–FTIR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and chemical elemental analyses were used to characterize the regenerated NaY and AgY zeolites. The XRD patterns indicated that the calcination and addition of silver ions on regenerated NaY zeolite did not affect the structure of the regenerated NaY zeolite as the characteristic peaks of the NaY zeolite were retained, and no new peaks were observed. The regenerated AgY zeolite showed good antibacterial activity against both bacteria strains in distilled water, and the antibacterial activity of the samples increased with increasing Ag loaded on the regenerated AgY zeolite; the regenerated AgY zeolite was more effective against E. coli than S. aureus. However, the antibacterial activity of the regenerated AgY was not effective in saline solution for both bacteria. The study showed that CTAB-modified NaY zeolite materials could be regenerated to NaY zeolite using thermal treatment (550 °C, 5 h) and this material has excellent performance as an antibacterial agent after silver ions loading. - Highlights: • Thermal treatment was used to regenerate surfactant modified zeolite. • The regenerated NaY zeolite formed was added with different silver loadings. • Regenerated AgY zeolite was tested for antibacterial activity on E. coli and S. aureus. • The antibacterial activity increased with increased of the amount of silver loadings. • The zeolite structure did not change with thermal and modification

Carbon dioxide sequestration using NaHSO4 and NaOH: A dissolution and carbonation optimisation study.

Science.gov (United States)

Sanna, Aimaro; Steel, Luc; Maroto-Valer, M Mercedes

2017-03-15

The use of NaHSO 4 to leach out Mg fromlizardite-rich serpentinite (in form of MgSO 4 ) and the carbonation of CO 2 (captured in form of Na 2 CO 3 using NaOH) to form MgCO 3 and Na 2 SO 4 was investigated. Unlike ammonium sulphate, sodium sulphate can be separated via precipitation during the recycling step avoiding energy intensive evaporation process required in NH 4 -based processes. To determine the effectiveness of the NaHSO 4 /NaOH process when applied to lizardite, the optimisation of the dissolution and carbonation steps were performed using a UK lizardite-rich serpentine. Temperature, solid/liquid ratio, particle size, concentration and molar ratio were evaluated. An optimal dissolution efficiency of 69.6% was achieved over 3 h at 100 °C using 1.4 M sodium bisulphate and 50 g/l serpentine with particle size 75-150 μm. An optimal carbonation efficiency of 95.4% was achieved over 30 min at 90 °C and 1:1 magnesium:sodium carbonate molar ratio using non-synthesised solution. The CO 2 sequestration capacity was 223.6 g carbon dioxide/kg serpentine (66.4% in terms of Mg bonded to hydromagnesite), which is comparable with those obtained using ammonium based processes. Therefore, lizardite-rich serpentinites represent a valuable resource for the NaHSO 4 /NaOH based pH swing mineralisation process. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Characterization and antibacterial activity of silver exchanged regenerated NaY zeolite from surfactant-modified NaY zeolite.

Science.gov (United States)

Salim, Mashitah Mad; Malek, Nik Ahmad Nizam Nik

2016-02-01

The antibacterial activity of regenerated NaY zeolite (thermal treatment from cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)-modified NaY zeolite and pretreatment with Na ions) loaded with silver ions were examined using the broth dilution minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method against Escherichia coli (E. coli ATCC 11229) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus ATCC 6538). X-ray diffraction (XRD), attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and chemical elemental analyses were used to characterize the regenerated NaY and AgY zeolites. The XRD patterns indicated that the calcination and addition of silver ions on regenerated NaY zeolite did not affect the structure of the regenerated NaY zeolite as the characteristic peaks of the NaY zeolite were retained, and no new peaks were observed. The regenerated AgY zeolite showed good antibacterial activity against both bacteria strains in distilled water, and the antibacterial activity of the samples increased with increasing Ag loaded on the regenerated AgY zeolite; the regenerated AgY zeolite was more effective against E. coli than S. aureus. However, the antibacterial activity of the regenerated AgY was not effective in saline solution for both bacteria. The study showed that CTAB-modified NaY zeolite materials could be regenerated to NaY zeolite using thermal treatment (550°C, 5h) and this material has excellent performance as an antibacterial agent after silver ions loading. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Composition and thermochemistry of the equilibrium vapour of the systems NaI-FeI2 and NaI-PbI2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hilpert, K.; Gerads, H.; Koberts, D.; Miller, M.

1987-01-01

The vaporization of NaI/FeI 2 and NaI/PbI 2 samples of equimolar composition was investigated was investigated in the temperature ranges between 574 to 683 K and 562 to 669 K, respectively, by using the mass spectrometric Knudsen effusion method. The gaseous species I, I 2 , NaI, (NaI) 2 , FeI 2 , (FeI 2 ) 2 , FeI 3 , NaFeI 3 , and Na 2 FeI 4 (NaI-FeI 2 system) as well as NaI, (NaI) 2 , PbI 2 , (PbI 2 ) 2 , and NaPbI 3 (NaI-PbI 2 system) are present in the equilibrium vapours. The equilibrium partial pressures of these species were determined with the exception of I, I 2 , and FeI 3 . Enthalpies and entropies of dissociation resulted for the reactions NaFeI 3 (g) ↔ NaI(g)+FeI 2 (g) (1), Na 2 FeI 4 (g) ↔ 2NaI(g)+FeI 2 (g) and (2) NaPbI 3 (g) ↔ NaI(g)+PbI 2 (g) (3) as Δ d H 298 0 (Eq. (1)) = 184±5 kJ mol -1 , Δ d S 298 0 (Eq. (1)) = 143±8 J mol -1 K -1 ; Δ d H 298 0 (Eq. (2)) = 333±9 kJ mol -1 , Δ d S 298 0 (Eq. (2)) = 274±14 J mol -1 K -1 ; and Δ d H 298 0 (Eq. (3)) = 168±5 kJ mol -1 , Δ d S 298 0 (Eq. (3)) = 151±9 J mol -1 K -1 . Equilibrium constants for these reactions are additionally given. The pressures of NaFeI 3 (g) and NaPbI 3 (g) as all as their enthalpies of dissociation are discussed with respect to their significance of semi empirical rules. (orig.)

Adsorption and Formation of Small Na Clusters on Pristine and Double-Vacancy Graphene for Anodes of Na-Ion Batteries.

Science.gov (United States)

Liang, Zhicong; Fan, Xiaofeng; Zheng, Weitao; Singh, David J

2017-05-24

Layered carbon is a likely anode material for Na-ion batteries (NIBs). Graphitic carbon has a low capacity of approximately 35 (mA h)/g due to the formation of NaC 64 . Using first-principles methods including van der Waals interactions, we analyze the adsorption of Na ions and clusters on graphene in the context of anodes. The interaction between Na ions and graphene is found to be weak. Small Na clusters are not stable on the surface of pristine graphene in the electrochemical environment of NIBs. However, we find that Na ions and clusters can be stored effectively on defected graphene that has double vacancies. In addition, the adsorption energy of small Na clusters near a double vacancy is found to decrease with increasing cluster size. With high concentrations of vacancies the capacity of Na on defective graphene is found to be as much as 10-30 times higher than that of graphitic carbon.

Novel regulation of cardiac Na pump via phospholemman.

Science.gov (United States)

Pavlovic, Davor; Fuller, William; Shattock, Michael J

2013-08-01

As the only quantitatively significant Na efflux pathway from cardiac cells, the Na/K ATPase (Na pump) is the primary regulator of intracellular Na. The transmembrane Na gradient it establishes is essential for normal electrical excitability, numerous coupled-transport processes and, as the driving force for Na/Ca exchange, thus setting cardiac Ca load and contractility. As Na influx varies with electrical excitation, heart rate and pathology, the dynamic regulation of Na efflux is essential. It is now widely recognized that phospholemman, a 72 amino acid accessory protein which forms part of the Na pump complex, is the key nexus linking cellular signaling to pump regulation. Phospholemman is the target of a variety of post-translational modifications (including phosphorylation, palmitoylation and glutathionation) and these can dynamically alter the activity of the Na pump. This review summarizes our current understanding of the multiple regulatory mechanisms that converge on phospholemman and govern NA pump activity in the heart. The corrected Fig. 4 is reproduced below. The publisher would like to apologize for any inconvenience caused. [corrected]. Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

All new for NA62

CERN Multimedia

Antonella Del Rosso

2012-01-01

This week sees the start of the first run of the new NA62 experiment. This will be a unique opportunity for the collaboration to test its new beam, new detectors and new data acquisition system before the physics run in 2014. Speaking to the Bulletin, the NA62 technical coordinator Ferdinand Hahn shares the many challenges that the various teams faced to be on time for beam. Ready, steady, start!   A Large Angle Veto detector (white) in place in the NA62 decay volume (blue). With components from almost all the detectors in place downstream of the decay point of the mother particles – the kaons – and of the KTAG detector that tags the kaons before they decay, NA62 is ready for its first technical run. This unique run will test all the equipment as well as the trigger and the data acquisition systems. “This year, we will have about five weeks of beam from the SPS before the long shutdown of all the CERN machines,” says Ferdinand Hahn, NA62 Technical Co-...

Effect of chloride substitution on the order–disorder transition in NaBH4 and Na11BD4

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Olsen, Jørn Eirik; Karen, Pavel; Sørby, Magnus H.; Hauback, Bjørn C.

2014-01-01

Graphical abstract: Interactions that order the BD 4 - tetrahedra below the order–disorder transition became increasingly frustrated by the solute in the Na( 11 BD 4 ) 1−x Cl x solid solutions, and the order disappears at x = 0.158. Highlights: • The order–disorder transition temperature for Na(BH 4 ) 1−x Cl x and Na( 11 BD 4 ) 1−x Cl x is highly dependent on the Cl-content, x. • The transition is characterized by DSC for Na( 11 BD 4 ) 1−x Cl x for x = 0, 0.10 and 0.15. • No transition is observed for x ⩾ 0.20 on cooling to 8 K. • The crystal structures are reported for Na 11 BD 4 at room temperature and 8 K and Na( 11 BD 4 ) 1−x Cl x (x = 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25) at 8 K from powder neutron diffraction. -- Abstract: Phase transition associated with anion disordering over two orientations in Na 11 BD 4 (NaBH 4 ) and its solid solutions with NaCl, Na( 11 BD 4 ) 1−x Cl x , is investigated with powder diffraction (neutron and synchrotron radiation), differential scanning calorimetry and Raman spectroscopy. Upon heating, the transition temperature extrapolated to zero rate of heating is 192.2 K for Na 11 BD 4 , ΔS = 4.41 J/mol K, hysteresis 1.7 K and the volume increase 0.43%. Thermal parameters of the transition in Na( 11 BD 4 ) 1−x Cl x follow a colligative-property model of an ideal solution, with x = 0.158(1) as the critical concentration at which the ordering interactions and the transition itself are eliminated. On approaching this limit, the tetragonal distortion of the ordered structure decreases somewhat towards the cubic average, and this is associated with a partial disorder of the tetrahedral anions seen by diffraction methods. In fact, a 3% disorder is already present in the pure solvent of the solid solution (Na 11 BD 4 ) at 8 K

Neutron diffraction studies of the Na-ion battery electrode materials NaCoCr{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}, NaNiCr{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}, and Na{sub 2}Ni{sub 2}Cr(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yahia, H. Ben [Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825 Doha (Qatar); Essehli, R., E-mail: ressehli@qf.org.qa [Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825 Doha (Qatar); Avdeev, M. [Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights NSW 2234 (Australia); Park, J-B.; Sun, Y-K. [Department of Energy Engineering Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791 (Korea, Republic of); Al-Maadeed, M.A. [Center for Advanced Materials (CAM), Qatar University, 2713 Doha (Qatar); Belharouak, I., E-mail: ibelharouak@qf.org.qa [Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825 Doha (Qatar)

2016-06-15

The new compounds NaCoCr{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}, NaNiCr{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}, and Na{sub 2}Ni{sub 2}Cr(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} were synthesized by sol-gel method and their crystal structures were determined by using neutron powder diffraction data. These compounds were characterized by galvanometric cycling and cyclic voltammetry. NaCoCr{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}, NaNiCr{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}, and Na{sub 2}Ni{sub 2}Cr(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} crystallize with a stuffed α-CrPO{sub 4}-type structure. The structure consists of a 3D-framework made of octahedra and tetrahedra that are sharing corners and/or edges generating channels along [100] and [010], in which the sodium atoms are located. Of significance, in the structures of NaNiCr{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}, and Na{sub 2}Ni{sub 2}Cr(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} a statistical disorder Ni{sup 2+}/Cr{sup 3+} was observed on both the 8g and 4a atomic positions, whereas in NaCoCr{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} the statistical disorder Co{sup 2+}/Cr{sup 3+} was only observed on the 8g atomic position. When tested as negative electrode materials, NaCoCr{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}, NaNiCr{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}, and Na{sub 2}Ni{sub 2}Cr(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} delivered specific capacities of 352, 385, and 368 mA h g{sup −1}, respectively, which attests to the electrochemical activity of sodium in these compounds. - Highlights: • NaCoCr{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}, NaNiCr{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}, and Na{sub 2}Ni{sub 2}Cr(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} were synthesized by sol-gel method. • The crystal structures were determined by using neutron powder diffraction data. • The three compounds crystallize with a stuffed α-CrPO{sub 4}-type structure. • The three compounds were tested as anodes in sodium-ion batteries. • Relatively high specific capacities were obtained for these compounds.

Evaluation of NaX and NaY packed beds for chromium uptake from multicomponent solution

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Angélica Simões Dornellas de Barros

2014-04-01

Full Text Available In this paper the removal of chromium from Cr/Ca/Mg/K and Cr/Ca/Mg/K/Na solutions was investigated in NaX and NaY packed beds. The breakthrough curves presented some overshooting phenomena where chromium ions displaced the previous exchanged cations. Length of unused bed, overall mass transfer coefficient, operational ratio and dimensionless variance were obtained. According to such mass transfer parameters it was concluded that the chromium uptake is influenced by the competition and interaction of the entering ions. Such influences were verified through some differences in the dynamic selectivity obtained for each system. NaY seemed to have a higher affinity towards Cr3+ and its sites were more efficiently used in the ion exchange process.

Water transport by the renal Na(+)-dicarboxylate cotransporter

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Meinild, A K; Loo, D D; Pajor, A M

2000-01-01

. This solute-coupled influx of water took place in the absence of, and even against, osmotic gradients. There was a strict stoichiometric relationship between Na(+), substrate, and water transport of 3 Na(+), 1 dicarboxylate, and 176 water molecules/transport cycle. These results indicate that the renal Na......This study investigated the ability of the renal Na(+)-dicarboxylate cotransporter, NaDC-1, to transport water. Rabbit NaDC-1 was expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, cotransporter activity was measured as the inward current generated by substrate (citrate or succinate), and water transport...... was monitored by the changes in oocyte volume. In the absence of substrates, oocytes expressing NaDC-1 showed an increase in osmotic water permeability, which was directly correlated with the expression level of NaDC-1. When NaDC-1 was transporting substrates, there was a concomitant increase in oocyte volume...

Pioneering instrumentation aspects of NA60

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

David, Andre

2004-01-01

NA60 is taking data with proton and heavy-ion beams at the CERN SPS. Although building up on previous experiments, the dimuon physics programme of NA60 places very demanding requirements on its new detectors, in terms of radiation tolerance, granularity and read-out electronics speed. We start by comparing dimuon detection strategies in NA60 with those of previous experiments. We then describe the new detectors used in NA60, placing particular emphasis on their technological pioneering aspects as well as on their contributions to the overall physics performance of the experiment

Occlusion of 22Na+ and 86Rb+ in membrane-bound and soluble protomeric alpha beta-units of Na,K-ATPase

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vilsen, B.; Andersen, J.P.; Petersen, J.; Jorgensen, P.L.

1987-01-01

In this work, we examined occlusion of 22 Na+ and 86 Rb+ in membranous and detergent-solubilized Na,K-ATPase from outer renal medulla. Optimum conditions for occlusion of 22 Na+ were provided by formation of the phosphorylated complex from the beta,gamma-bidentate complex of chromium (III) with ATP (CrATP). Release of occluded cations occurred at equally slow rates in soluble and membrane-bound Na,K-ATPase. Values of 22 Na+ occlusion as high as 11 nmol/mg of protein were measured, corresponding to 1.8-2.7 mol of Na+/mol of phosphorylated Na,K-ATPase as determined by 32 P incorporation from [gamma- 32 P]CrATP. Maximum capacity for phosphorylation from [gamma- 32 P]CrATP was 6 nmol/mg of protein and equal to capacities for binding of [48V]vanadate and [ 3 H]ouabain. The stoichiometry for occlusion of Rb+ was close to 2 Rb+ ions/phosphorylation site. In an analytical ultracentrifuge, the soluble Na+- or Rb+-occluded complexes showed sedimentation velocities (S20,w = 6.8-7.4) consistent with monomeric alpha beta-units. The data show that soluble monomeric alpha beta-units of Na,K-ATPase can occlude Rb+ or Na+ with the same stoichiometry as the membrane-bound enzyme. The structural basis for occlusion of cations in Na,K-ATPase is suggested to be the formation of a cavity inside a monomeric alpha beta-unit constituting the minimum protein unit required for active Na,K-transport

Transcriptional regulators of Na, K-ATPase subunits

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zhiqin eLi

2015-10-01

Full Text Available The Na,K-ATPase classically serves as an ion pump creating an electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane that is essential for transepithelial transport, nutrient uptake and membrane potential. In addition, Na,K-ATPase also functions as a receptor, a signal transducer and a cell adhesion molecule. With such diverse roles, it is understandable that the Na,K-ATPase subunits, the catalytic alpha-subunit, the beta-subunit and the FXYD proteins, are controlled extensively during development and to accommodate physiological needs. The spatial and temporal expression of Na,K-ATPase is partially regulated at the transcriptional level. Numerous transcription factors, hormones, growth factors, lipids and extracellular stimuli modulate the transcription of the Na,K-ATPase subunits. Moreover, epigenetic mechanisms also contribute to the regulation of Na,K-ATPase expression. With the ever growing knowledge about diseases associated with the malfunction of Na,K-ATPase, this review aims at summarizing the best-characterized transcription regulators that modulate Na,K-ATPase subunit levels. As abnormal expression of Na,K-ATPase subunits have been observed in many carcinoma, we will also discuss transcription factors that are associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, a crucial step in the progression of many tumors to malignant disease.

Sepsis does not alter red blood cell glucose metabolism or Na+ concentration: A 2H-, 23Na-NMR study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hotchkiss, R.S.; Song, S.K.; Ling, C.S.; Ackerman, J.J.; Karl, I.E.

1990-01-01

The effects of sepsis on intracellular Na+ concentration ([Na+]i) and glucose metabolism were examined in rat red blood cells (RBCs) by using 23Na- and 2H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Sepsis was induced in 15 halothane-anesthetized female Sprague-Dawley rats by using the cecal ligation and perforation technique; 14 control rats underwent cecal manipulation without ligation. The animals were fasted for 36 h, but allowed free access to water. At 36 h postsurgery, RBCs were examined by 23Na-NMR by using dysprosium tripolyphosphate as a chemical shift reagent. Human RBCs from 17 critically ill nonseptic patients and from 7 patients who were diagnosed as septic were also examined for [Na+]i. Five rat RBC specimens had [Na+]i determined by both 23Na-NMR and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). For glucose metabolism studies, RBCs from septic and control rats were suspended in modified Krebs-Henseleit buffer containing [6,6-2H2]glucose and examined by 2H-NMR. No significant differences in [Na+]i or glucose utilization were found in RBCs from control or septic rats. There were no differences in [Na+]i in the two groups of patients. The [Na+]i determined by NMR spectroscopy agreed closely with measurements using ICP-AES and establish that 100% of the [Na+]i of the RBC is visible by NMR. Glucose measurements determined by 2H-NMR correlated closely (correlation coefficient = 0.93) with enzymatic analysis. These studies showed no evidence that sepsis disturbed RBC membrane function or metabolism

SPOLNO NADLEGOVANJE NA DELOVNEM MESTU

OpenAIRE

Rubič, Gašper

2016-01-01

V diplomskem delu smo v uvodu predstavili problem spolnega nadlegovanja na delovnem mestu in predstavili podjetje TEKSTIL d.d. V nadaljevanju smo z anketo raziskali, ali problem spolnega nadlegovanja na delovnem mestu v obravnavanem podjetju obstaja in če, kako se nanj odziva okolje. V teoretičnem delu smo nadaljevali in predstavili definicijo spolnega nadlegovanja, ki je kakršna koli oblika nezaželenega verbalnega in neverbalnega ali fizičnega ravnanja spolne narave z učinkom ali nameno...

Photodesorption of Na atoms from rough Na surfaces

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Balzer, Frank; Gerlach, R.; Manson, J.R.

1997-01-01

We investigate the desorption of Na atoms from large Na clusters deposited on dielectric surfaces. High-resolution translational energy distributions of the desorbing atoms are determined by three independent methods, two-photon laser-induced fluorescence, as well as single-photon and resonance......-enhanced two-photon ionization techniques. Upon variation of surface temperature and for different substrates (mica vs lithium fluoride) clear non-Maxwellian time-of-flight distributions are observed with a cos θ angular dependence and most probable kinetic energies below that expected of atoms desorbing from...... atoms are scattered by surface vibrations. Recent experiments providing time constants for the decay of the optical excitations in the clusters support this model. The excellent agreement between experiment and theory indicates the importance of both absorption of the laser photons via direct excitation...

Evaluation of {sup 23}Na(n,2n){sup 22}Na reaction cross-sections

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Manokhin, V N [Institute of Physics and Power Engineering, Obninsk (Russian Federation)

1997-06-01

Using available experimental data and (n,2n) excitation function systematics {sup 23}Na(n,2n){sup 22}Na reaction cross-sections were evaluated for energies ranging from the reaction threshold to 20 MeV. (author). 21 refs, 1 fig., 2 tabs.

Formation of hydroxyl groups and exchange with deuterium on NaHX and NaHY zeolites

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kubelkova, L.; Novakova, J.

1976-01-01

Deammoniation and dehydroxylation of Na(NH 4 )X and Na(NH 4 )Y zeolites were compared. With the X type, both processes overlapped and proceeded more easily than with the Y type. Both H forms contained structural OH groups and hydroxyls denoted as SiOH, to which the 3740 cm -1 band in the IR spectrum was assigned. In addition, the NaHX zeolite contained OH groups characterized by the 3700 and 3600 cm -1 bands. Certain differences in the behaviour of NaHX and NaHY zeolites during deammoniation and dehydroxylation might be attributed to the presence of ''non-localizable'' H atoms. The active sites for the D 2 -OH exchange were probably formed during dehydroxylation. Hydrogen in SiOH groups was replaced by deuterium in both zeolite types more slowly than H atoms in other OH groups, which influenced the kinetic variations in the gaseous phase. The presence of water in the gaseous phase affected the kinetics and could distort the determination of the number of H atoms bound in the zeolites. (author)

High resolution laser spectroscopy of the D lines of on-line produced 21Na, 22Na, 24Na, 25Na using a new high sensitivity method of detection of optical resonances

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Huber, G.; Thibault, G.; Klapisch, R.; Duong, H.T.; Vialle, J.L.; Pinard, I.; Juncar, P.; Jacquinot, P.

1975-01-01

A polyisotopic sodium beam of 21 - 25 Na, produced by spallation of Al, was illuminated by a tunable dye laser. The atomic beam, analyzed by a sixpole magnet is then ionized and detected after a mass spectrometer. The results are the isotope shifts, nuclear magnetic moment and quadrupole moment of 25 Na [fr

OGLAŠEVANJE NA SOCIALNEM OMREŽJU FACEBOOK, NA PRIMERU SPLETICNA.SI

OpenAIRE

Reisman, Nina

2011-01-01

Internet je od svojega razvoja dolgo časa obstajal kot prostor za enostransko komunikacijo. Isto se je dogajalo na televiziji, radiu in časopisih, kjer je javnost sprejemala informacije, ki jih je nekdo pripravil. Tradicionalni mediji so hitro doumeli, da takšna vrsta komunikacije ni naravna in ne predstavlja najboljšega ohranjanja gledalcev in poslušalcev. Začela se je uporabljati dvosmerna komunikacija. Trenutno v svetu najbolje poznan primer dvosmerne komunikacije je socialno omrežje F...

FTIR spectra of the solid solutions (Na0.88K0.12)VO3, (Na0.5K0.5)VO3, and Na(V0.66P0.34)O3

Science.gov (United States)

de Waal, D.; Heyns, A. M.

1992-03-01

It is known that three different solid solutions, (Na0.88K0.12)VO3, (Na0.5K0.5)VO3 and Na(V0.66P0.34)O3, form in the (Na,K)(V,P)O3 system. These compounds all have monoclinic crystal structures similar to the pure alkali metal metavanadates containing small cations, e.g. Li+ and Na+ (Space group C2/c). Metavanadates with large cations like K+, Rb+, C+s and NH+4 form orthorhombic crystals, space group Pbcm. All those are structurally related to the silicate pyroxenes. Na(V0.66P0.34)O3 and (Na0.88K0.12)VO3 have the same modified diopside structure as (alpha) - NaVO3 while (Na0.5K0.5)VO3 adopts the true diopside structure. The infrared spectra of the three solid solutions are reported here in comparison with those of (alpha) -NaVO3 and KVO3. The results are also correlated with those obtained in two independent high pressure Raman studies of NH4VO3 and RbVO3 as the introduction of a larger cation like K+ should increase the pressure in the structure.

Medetomidīna un detomidīna hidrogēnhlorīdu struktūra noteikšana

OpenAIRE

Smuļko, Irina

2012-01-01

Medetomidīna un detomidīna hidrogēnhlorīdu struktūras noteikšana. Smuļko I., zinātniskais vadītājs Dr. ķīm., asoc. prof. Actiņš A. Maģistra darbs, 52 lappuses, 37 attēli, 6 tabulas, 29 literatūras avoti. Latviešu valodā. Maģistra darbā pētītas farmaceitiski aktīvās vielas – medetomidīna un detomidīna hidrogēnhlorīdi. Veikti mēģinājumi detomidīna bezūdens formas un monohidrāta struktūras noteikšanai, kā arī medetomidīna bezūdens formu A un B struktūras noteikšanai. Struktūras noteikšanai iz...

NAKUPOVANJE NA SPLETU

OpenAIRE

Visenjak, Monika

2013-01-01

Nakupovanje na spletu je prihodnost poslovanja. Za podjetja pomeni manjše stroške, lažje prilagajanje tržnim pogojem. Hitreje lahko razvijajo odnose in analizirajo uporabnike, saj jim je dan dostop o nakupnih podatkih uporabnika. Za potrošnike je nakupovanje na spletu možnost hitrega, preprostega in učinkovitega nakupovanja od doma ali pisarne. Pomembno je, da se seznanijo z vsemi informacijami in pogoji spletnih trgovin, saj se lahko le tako izognejo nezadovoljstvu ob nakupu v spletni trgovi...

The Na+ transporter, TaHKT1;5-D, limits shoot Na+ accumulation in bread wheat

KAUST Repository

Byrt, Caitlin Siobhan

2014-10-01

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has a major salt tolerance locus, Kna1, responsible for the maintenance of a high cytosolic K+/Na+ ratio in the leaves of salt stressed plants. The Kna1 locus encompasses a large DNA fragment, the distal 14% of chromosome 4DL. Limited recombination has been observed at this locus making it difficult to map genetically and identify the causal gene. Here, we decipher the function of TaHKT1;5-D, a candidate gene underlying the Kna1 locus. Transport studies using the heterologous expression systems Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Xenopus laevis oocytes indicated that TaHKT1;5-D is a Na+-selective transporter. Transient expression in Arabidopsis thaliana mesophyll protoplasts and in situ polymerase chain reaction indicated that TaHKT1;5-D is localised on the plasma membrane in the wheat root stele. RNA interference-induced silencing decreased the expression of TaHKT1;5-D in transgenic bread wheat lines which led to an increase in the Na+ concentration in the leaves. This indicates that TaHKT1;5-D retrieves Na+ from the xylem vessels in the root and has an important role in restricting the transport of Na+ from the root to the leaves in bread wheat. Thus, TaHKT1;5-D confers the essential salinity tolerance mechanism in bread wheat associated with the Kna1 locus via shoot Na+ exclusion and is critical in maintaining a high K+/Na+ ratio in the leaves. These findings show there is potential to increase the salinity tolerance of bread wheat by manipulation of HKT1;5 genes.

The Na+ transporter, TaHKT1;5-D, limits shoot Na+ accumulation in bread wheat

KAUST Repository

Byrt, Caitlin Siobhan; Xu, Bo; Krishnan, Mahima; Lightfoot, Damien; Athman, Asmini; Jacobs, Andrew Keith; Watson-Haigh, Nathan S.; Plett, Darren; Munns, Rana; Tester, Mark A.; Gilliham, Matthew

2014-01-01

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has a major salt tolerance locus, Kna1, responsible for the maintenance of a high cytosolic K+/Na+ ratio in the leaves of salt stressed plants. The Kna1 locus encompasses a large DNA fragment, the distal 14% of chromosome 4DL. Limited recombination has been observed at this locus making it difficult to map genetically and identify the causal gene. Here, we decipher the function of TaHKT1;5-D, a candidate gene underlying the Kna1 locus. Transport studies using the heterologous expression systems Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Xenopus laevis oocytes indicated that TaHKT1;5-D is a Na+-selective transporter. Transient expression in Arabidopsis thaliana mesophyll protoplasts and in situ polymerase chain reaction indicated that TaHKT1;5-D is localised on the plasma membrane in the wheat root stele. RNA interference-induced silencing decreased the expression of TaHKT1;5-D in transgenic bread wheat lines which led to an increase in the Na+ concentration in the leaves. This indicates that TaHKT1;5-D retrieves Na+ from the xylem vessels in the root and has an important role in restricting the transport of Na+ from the root to the leaves in bread wheat. Thus, TaHKT1;5-D confers the essential salinity tolerance mechanism in bread wheat associated with the Kna1 locus via shoot Na+ exclusion and is critical in maintaining a high K+/Na+ ratio in the leaves. These findings show there is potential to increase the salinity tolerance of bread wheat by manipulation of HKT1;5 genes.

Osmotic and ionic effects of NaCl and Na₂SO₄ salinity on Phragmites australis

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Pagter, Majken; Bragato, Claudia; Malagoli, Mario

2009-01-01

Osmotic and ion-specific effects of NaCl and Na2SO4 on Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin ex. Steud. were investigated in a laboratory experiment by examining effects of iso-osmotic solutions of NaCl and Na2SO4 on growth, osmolality of cell sap, proline content, elemental composition and gas exchange....... Plants were supplied with a control standard nutrient solution (Ψ = -0.09 MPa) or solutions of NaCl or Na2SO4 at water potentials of -0.50, -1.09 or -1.74 MPa. Salt treatments increased root concentrations of Na and S or Cl, whereas P. australis had efficient mechanisms for exclusion of Na and S...... and partly Cl ions from the leaves. Incomplete exclusion of Cl from the leaves may affect aboveground biomass production, which was significantly more reduced by NaCl than Na2SO4. Stomatal conductance was negatively influenced by decreasing water potentials caused by NaCl or Na2SO4, implying that a non...

Polarization and collision velocity dependence of associative ionization in cold Na (3p)-Na(3p) collisions

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Meijer, H.A.J.

1990-01-01

We studied the polarization dependence of the associative ionization (AI) process Na(3p) + Na(3p) → Na2+ at collision velocities between 100 and 700 m/s (5 and 200 K), using linearly and circularly polarized light for the excitation. We found that the polarization dependence varies strongly in the

Erythrocyte Na+/K+ ATPase activity measured with sup 23 Na NMR

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ouwerkerk, R.; van Echteld, C.J.; Staal, G.E.; Rijksen, G. (University Hospital, Utrecht (Netherland))

1989-11-01

A {sup 23}Na NMR assay for measurement of erythrocyte Na+/K+ ATPase activity is presented. Using the nonpermeant shift reagent dysprosium tripolyphosphate the signals of intra- and extracellular sodium are separated, enabling measurement of sodium fluxes nondestructively, without the need to physically separate the cells from their environment. By increasing membrane permeability with nystatin we have shown that the assay allows the detection of differences in membrane permeability. With low doses of nystatin the ouabain-sensitive sodium flux increased more than twofold. With high doses of nystatin the Na+/K+ pump could not prevent an almost total equilibration of intra- and extracellular sodium. All sodium that entered the cells remained NMR visible, proving that sodium influx can be measured quantitatively. {sup 31}P NMR spectra taken before and after the assay revealed a slight acidification of the cells and no significant change in ATP concentration. No evidence of Dy3+ entering the cell was observed.

Molecular dynamics investigation of Na+ in Na2Ni2TeO6

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sau, Kartik; Kumar, P. Padma

2014-01-01

An inter-atomic potential for Na 2 Ni 2 TeO 6 in the Parrinello- Rahman-Vashishta (PRV) model is parameterized empirically. The potential reproduces variety of structural and transport properties of that material in good agreement with recent experimental results. The study provides fresh insights on the migration channels and mechanism of Na + in the system

Efeito do plasma de oxigênio na dentina previamente exposta ao NaOCl

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maíra do PRADO

Full Text Available Resumo Introdução O tratamento de plasma é uma tecnologia eficaz que pode manter as propriedades internas dos materiais inalteradas após o tratamento, modificando apenas a superfície. Objetivo Avaliar o efeito do plasma de oxigênio na dentina previamente exposta ao NaOCl 6%. Material e método Foram utilizados 60 incisivos bovinos. A coroa foi removida, a raiz foi dividida e as faces planificadas, totalizando 120 segmentos referentes ao terço cervical. As amostras foram divididas em dois grupos: controle (imersa em NaOCl 6%, lavada com água destilada, seca, imersa em EDTA 17%, lavada e seca e plasma de oxigênio (após tratamento descrito no grupo controle, plasma de oxigênio foi aplicado por 30 s. As amostras foram avaliadas qualitativamente em relação à topografia por microscopia eletrônica de varredura, utilizando-se microfotografias com ampliação de 1.000×. O goniômetro Ramé-hart foi utilizado para a mensuração do ângulo de contato entre as superfícies e as seguintes soluções foram utilizadas: água, etilenoglicol e di-iodometano. Em seguida, a energia de superfície, representada pelas componentes polar e dispersiva, foi calculada. Avaliou-se também o escoamento dos cimentos Pulp Canal Sealer EWT (PCS e Real Sal SE (RS na superfície dentinária. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente utilizando os testes Kruskal-Wallis e Mann-Whitney U (p<0,05. Resultado O tratamento com plasma levou à formação de uma camada semelhante à smear layer na superfície dentinária. Este tratamento levou a um aumento da energia de superfície e da componente polar, favorecendo a hidrofilicidade da superfície. Entretanto, desfavoreceu o escoamento do cimento PCS e não influenciou no escoamento do cimento RS. Conclusão O plasma de oxigênio ocasionou mudanças topográficas na superfície dentinária, favorecendo a hidrofilicidade desta. Contudo, não favoreceu o escoamento dos cimentos endodônticos na dentina.

Phase formation in the systems ZrO2-H2SO4-Na2SO4 (NaCl)-H2O

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sozinova, Yu.P.; Motov, D.L.; Rys'kina, M.P.

1988-01-01

Formation of solid phases in the systems ZrO 2 - H 2 SO 4 - Na 2 SO 4 (NaCl) - H 2 O at 25 and 75 deg C is studied. Three basic Na 2 Zr(OH) 2 (SO 4 ) 2 x (0.2 - 0.4)H 2 O, NaZrOH(SO 4 ) 2 x H 2 O, NaZrO 0.5 (OH) 2 SO 4 x 2H 2 O and three normal sodium sulfatozirconates Na 2 Zr(SO 4 ) 3 x 3H 2 O, Na 4 Zr(SO 4 ) 4 x 3H 2 O, Na 6 Zr(SO 4 ) 5 x 4H 2 O have been isolated, their solubility and crystal optical properties are determined

Modification of NaK (Na and K) dissolution device at the L.E.C.I

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mansard, Bernard; Ducas, Serge; Riviere, Michel

1969-12-01

As three NaK dissolution devices had been operated since 1965 and as irradiation assemblies with a greater capacity (2 to 3 times) are now to be used, the modification of these dissolution devices is addressed. This requires a better control of the dissolution reaction (the NaK + alcohol reaction is highly exothermic and results in an effervescence which requires a greater volume). The objectives are therefore to delay the dissolution, to trigger it, to stop it, to control it at will, and to release heat. The new device is then described with its vessel, its cap, its ball valve, and its two tight sleeves. The operation principle is described, as well as the NaK draining process, and the NaK dissolution. Safety, time saving and raw matter saving issues are finally outlined

OGLAŠEVANJE NA FACEBOOKU V SLOVENIJI

OpenAIRE

Dobnik, Monja

2013-01-01

Danes so zahvaljujoč napredni mobilni tehnologiji družbena omrežja z nami na vsakem koraku. Facebook (FB) se po priljubljenosti uvršča v sam vrh družbenih omrežij in glede na to, da ga uporablja že več kot milijarda zemljanov, ponuja tudi odlične trg za oglaševanje. To so ugotovili tudi slovenski podjetniki. V diplomski nalogi je predstavljeno, kako na FB oglašujejo nekatera slovenska podjetja, s pomočjo spletnega vprašalnika pa je ugotovljeno tudi, kaj o oglasih na FB menijo njegovi uporabni...

Risk and geological uncertainties in carbonate reservoirs in Santos Basin; Incertezas geologicas e risco em reservatorios carbonaticos na Bacia de Santos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Saito, Makoto; Cortez, Marcella M.M. [Queiroz Galvao Perfuracoes S.A., Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Mendes, Marcos Huber

2004-07-01

The Lower Albian in the south part of Santos Basin is composed mainly of oolitic calcarenites and calcilutites organized in shoaling upward cycles. The calcarenites from the top of the sequence constitute a package of reservoir zones and sub-zones with regional distribution along which are located mature, producing and development phase oil fields. In this work the main factors with major impact in reserves estimation are interpreted and quantified in a probabilistic approach giving support for the development plan phase of a field of the carbonatic trend. The regional stratigraphic and structural interpretations provided information about extension, external geometry, and continuity of the reservoir zones for reserves risk computation. The porosity probability density functions were defined according to stratigraphic position, seismic reflection pattern of calcarenites and also information from the discovery and the appraisal wells. The Decision Tree methodology with Monte Carlo Simulation was used to better understand the impact of geological uncertainties in reserves computation and also as a first step for risk management. The Monte Carlo simulation allows the Multivariate Sensibility and Scenario Analysis, Probabilistic Technical and Economic Evaluation and Optimal Portfolio Stochastic Simulation. (author)

Myocardial Na,K-ATPase: Clinical aspects

Science.gov (United States)

Kjeldsen, Keld

2003-01-01

The specific binding of digitalis glycosides to Na,K-ATPase is used as a tool for Na,K-ATPase quantification with high accuracy and precision. In myocardial biopsies from patients with heart failure, total Na,K-ATPase concentration is decreased by around 40%; a correlation exists between a decrease in heart function and a decrease in Na,K-ATPase concentration. During digitalization, around 30% of remaining pumps are occupied by digoxin. Myocardial Na,K-ATPase is also influenced by other drugs used for the treatment of heart failure. Thus, potassium loss during diuretic therapy has been found to reduce myocardial Na,K-ATPase, whereas angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors may stimulate Na,K pump activity. Furthermore, hyperaldosteronism induced by heart failure has been found to decrease Na,K-ATPase activity. Accordingly, treatment with the aldosterone antagonist, spironolactone, may also influence Na,K-ATPase activity. The importance of Na,K pump modulation with heart disease, inhibition in digitalization and other effects of medication should be considered in the context of sodium, potassium and calcium regulation. It is recommended that digoxin be administered to heart failure patients who, after institution of mortality-reducing therapy, still have heart failure symptoms, and that the therapy be continued if symptoms are revealed or reduced. Digitalis glycosides are the only safe inotropic drugs for oral use that improve hemodynamics in heart failure. An important aspect of myocardial Na,K pump affection in heart disease is its influence on extracellular potassium (Ke) homeostasis. Two important aspects should be considered: potassium handling among myocytes, and effects of potassium entering the extracellular space of the heart via the bloodstream. It should be noted that both of these aspects of Ke homeostasis are affected by regulatory aspects, eg, regulation of the Na,K pump by physiological and pathophysiological conditions, as well as by medical

Advancement of technology towards developing Na-ion batteries

Science.gov (United States)

Jamesh, Mohammed Ibrahim; Prakash, A. S.

2018-02-01

The Na-ion-batteries are considered much attention for the next-generation power-sources due to the high abundance of Na resources that lower the cost and become the alternative for the state of the art Li-ion batteries in future. In this review, the recently reported potential cathode and anode candidates for Na-ion-batteries are identified in-light-of-their high-performance for the development of Na-ion-full-cells. Further, the recent-progress on the Na-ion full-cells including the strategies used to improve the high cycling-performance (stable even up-to 50000 cycles), operating voltage (even ≥ 3.7 V), capacity (>350 mAhg-1 even at 1000 mAg-1 (based-on-mass-of-the-anode)), and energy density (even up-to 400 Whkg-1) are reviewed. In addition, Na-ion-batteries with the electrodes containing reduced graphene oxide, and the recent developments on symmetric Na-ion-batteries are discussed. Further, this paper identifies the promising Na-ion-batteries including the strategies used to assemble full-cell using hard-carbon-anodes, Na3V2(PO4)3 cathodes, and other-electrode-materials. Then, comparison between aqueous and non-aqueous Na-ion-batteries in terms of voltage and energy density has been given. Later, various types of electrolytes used for Na-ion-batteries including aqueous, non-aqueous, ionic-liquids and solid-state electrolytes are discussed. Finally, commercial and technological-developments on Na-ion-batteries are provided. The scientific and engineering knowledge gained on Na-ion-batteries afford conceivable development for practical application in near future.

Negative electrodes for Na-ion batteries.

Science.gov (United States)

Dahbi, Mouad; Yabuuchi, Naoaki; Kubota, Kei; Tokiwa, Kazuyasu; Komaba, Shinichi

2014-08-07

Research interest in Na-ion batteries has increased rapidly because of the environmental friendliness of sodium compared to lithium. Throughout this Perspective paper, we report and review recent scientific advances in the field of negative electrode materials used for Na-ion batteries. This paper sheds light on negative electrode materials for Na-ion batteries: carbonaceous materials, oxides/phosphates (as sodium insertion materials), sodium alloy/compounds and so on. These electrode materials have different reaction mechanisms for electrochemical sodiation/desodiation processes. Moreover, not only sodiation-active materials but also binders, current collectors, electrolytes and electrode/electrolyte interphase and its stabilization are essential for long cycle life Na-ion batteries. This paper also addresses the prospect of Na-ion batteries as low-cost and long-life batteries with relatively high-energy density as their potential competitive edge over the commercialized Li-ion batteries.

Corpo e sexualidade na gravidez

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Natalúcia Matos Araújo

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Estudo etnográfico que teve como objetivo compreender como as gestantes vivenciam os processos fisiológicos do seu corpo durante a gestação e a sua repercussão na sexualidade. A pesquisa envolveu sete mulheres residentes em bairro popular de São Paulo. Na coleta de dados, utilizou-se observação participante e entrevista com questões norteadoras. Os dados foram apresentados na forma de narrativa e posteriormente organizados nas categorias: Percebendo as transformações corporais; Convivendo com as mudanças no corpo; Sentimentos e sensações na vida sexual durante a gestação e imaginando o corpo e a sexualidade após a gestação. As mulheres referiram-se às transformações do corpo como desconfortos e expressaram a preocupação de que fossem definitivas. Expressaram o desejo de que, após o parto, o corpo volte a ser como era e que volte a sentir desejo sexual. O reconhecimento destes fatos constitui-se numa ferramenta primordial na adequação das práticas profissionais.

Comparison of the effectiveness of seven amiloride congeners as inhibitors of Na/H and Na/Ca antiport in cultured smooth muscle cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Smith, L.; Higgins, B.L.; Cragoe, E.J. Jr.; Smith, J.B.

1987-01-01

The authors cultured smooth muscle cells from rat aorta and assayed Na/Ca antiport by measuring the initial rate of 45 Ca influx in Na-loaded cells. Na/H antiport was assayed by measuring the initial rate of 22 Na influx in acid-loaded cells. The external medium was the same for both assays except Na was 10 mM for Na/H antiport and O for the Na/Ca antiport assay. The dose of each congener that caused 50% inhibition (I 50 ) was calculated using a log-log median effect plot. The linear regression coefficients ranged from 0.916 to 0.998. Of all the compounds tested only dimethylbenzamil is more potent as an inhibitor of Na/Ca compared to Na/H antiport

Presoja notranjih kontrol pri obračunu davka na dodano vrednost na primeru "Podjetja x"

OpenAIRE

Majcen, Borut

2016-01-01

Poslovanje podjetja si je ob odsotnosti notranjih kontrol nemogoče predstavljati. Podjetja so podvržena raznim tveganjem, še posebej v današnjih razmerah globalnega poslovanja, ko se podjetja soočajo z vedno novimi izzivi, kar prinaša tudi nova tveganja. Najučinkovitejši ukrep za obvladovanje tveganj predstavlja vzpostavitev sistema notranjih kontrol. Obvladovanje tveganj pa ne poteka samo na ravni podjetja kot celote, ampak je prisotno na vseh področjih delovanja podjetja, torej tudi na p...

Estudo de Caso de um Evento Extremo de Incursão de Ar Frio em Julho de 2013 sobre a Bacia Amazônica Brasileira

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Liviany Pereira Viana

Full Text Available Resumo A bacia Amazônica está localizada na região tropical cujas características principais são os elevados valores de temperatura e umidade do ar. Entretanto, incursões de massa de ar frio e seco também adentram a região, como ocorreu em julho de 2013. Essa quarta onda de frio que atuou sobre o continente sul-americano ocasionou neve em cidades da região Sul, caracterizando uma intensa massa polar com deslocamento até a região Norte. O presente trabalho analisou o comportamento de variáveis meteorológicas com intuito de investigar a intensidade do efeito dessa friagem. Os dados empregados foram de observações e das reanálises disponíveis. A anomalia negativa da temperatura máxima em Rio Branco foi de 15,9 °C, em Manicoré de 6,7 °C e Manaus de 2,0 °C. Nesse evento, os valores mais expressivos ocorreram na temperatura máxima. Também destaca-se uma contribuição mensal nas taxas de precipitação, cujos valores foram maiores que 13,0 mm.dia-1. Desse modo, conclui-se que, o evento de julho de 2013 foi um caso de intensa friagem devido deslocar-se até a região central da Amazônia e ocasionar quedas abruptas, principalmente, na temperatura máxima, favorecimento da precipitação nas regiões tropicais, bem como alterações na pressão em superfície, umidade e vento.

Culturas morais e políticas de desenvolvimento na noruega e na união europeia

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Maria Macedo Barroso

2014-06-01

Full Text Available A partir de um diálogo entre os casos da Noruega e da União Europeia, pretendemos analisar a combinação de diferentes fatores e escalas de processos sociais (individuais, institucionais e de unidades políticas nacionais e supranacionais, estruturantes na formação dos sentidos sociais do desenvolvimento, notadamente das relações entre princípios morais e trocas interessadas, constitutivas das "culturas morais" dos universos analisados. Na perspectiva dos indivíduos, observaremos pela lente do caso da UE as motivações, vocações e histórias de vida dos "profissionais do desenvolvimento", bem como as razões da adesão da opinião pública às ações de cooperação internacional. Na escala institucional, abordaremos, nos dois casos, os modelos político-administrativos utilizados pela burocracia do desenvolvimento, e as lógicas dos diferentes grupos organizados para disputar seus recursos, no caso da Noruega. Na dimensão dos Estados, analisaremos a lógica das políticas nacionais e internacionais sob as quais são negociadas as intervenções de cooperação bilateral e/ou multilaterais tanto na Noruega quanto na UE.

Intermittent Hypoxia Inhibits Na+-H+ Exchange-Mediated Acid Extrusion Via Intracellular Na+ Accumulation in Cardiomyocytes

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Huai-Ren Chang

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Background/Aims: Intermittent hypoxia (IH has been shown to exert preconditioning-like cardioprotective effects. It also has been reported that IH preserves intracellular pH (pHi during ischemia and protects cardiomyocytes against ischemic reperfusion injury. However, the exact mechanism is still unclear. Methods: In this study, we used proton indicator BCECF-AM to analyze the rate of pHi recovery from acidosis in the IH model of rat neonatal cardiomyocytes. Neonatal cardiomyocytes were first treated with repetitive hypoxia-normoxia cycles for 1-4 days. Cells were then acid loaded with NH4Cl, and the rate of pHi recovery from acidosis was measured. Results: We found that the pHi recovery rate from acidosis was much slower in the IH group than in the room air (RA group. When we treated cardiomyocytes with Na+-H+ exchange (NHE inhibitors (Amiloride and HOE642 or Na+-free Tyrode solution during the recovery, there was no difference between RA and IH groups. We also found intracellular Na+ concentration ([Na+]i significantly increased after IH exposure for 4 days. However, the phenomenon could be abolished by pretreatment with ROS inhibitors (SOD and phenanathroline, intracellular calcium chelator or Na+-Ca2+ exchange (NCX inhibitor. Furthermore, the pHi recovery rate from acidosis became faster in the IH group than in the RA group when inhibition of NCX activity. Conclusions: These results suggest that IH would induce the elevation of ROS production. ROS then activates Ca2+-efflux mode of NCX and results in intracellular Na+ accumulation. The rise of [Na+]i further inhibits the activity of NHE-mediated acid extrusion and retards the rate of pHi recovery from acidosis during IH.

Elastic Coulomb breakup of 34Na

Science.gov (United States)

Singh, G.; Shubhchintak, Chatterjee, R.

2016-08-01

Background: 34Na is conjectured to play an important role in the production of seed nuclei in the alternate r -process paths involving light neutron rich nuclei very near the β -stability line, and as such, it is important to know its ground state properties and structure to calculate rates of the reactions it might be involved in, in the stellar plasma. Found in the region of `island of inversion', its ground state might not be in agreement with normal shell model predictions. Purpose: The aim of this paper is to study the elastic Coulomb breakup of 34Na on 208Pb to give us a core of 33Na with a neutron and in the process we try and investigate the one neutron separation energy and the ground state configuration of 34Na. Method: A fully quantum mechanical Coulomb breakup theory within the architecture of post-form finite range distorted wave Born approximation extended to include the effects of deformation is used to research the elastic Coulomb breakup of 34Na on 208Pb at 100 MeV/u. The triple differential cross section calculated for the breakup is integrated over the desired components to find the total cross-section, momentum, and angular distributions as well as the average momenta, along with the energy-angular distributions. Results: The total one neutron removal cross section is calculated to test the possible ground state configurations of 34Na. The average momentum results along with energy-angular calculations indicate 34Na to have a halo structure. The parallel momentum distributions with narrow full widths at half-maxima signify the same. Conclusion: We have attempted to analyze the possible ground state configurations of 34Na and in congruity with the patterns in the `island of inversion' conclude that even without deformation, 34Na should be a neutron halo with a predominant contribution to its ground state most probably coming from 33Na(3 /2+)⊗ 2 p3 /2ν configuration. We also surmise that it would certainly be useful and rewarding to test our

Osmotic and activity coefficients of aqueous NaTcO4 and NaReO4 solutions at 250C

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Boyd, G.E.

1978-01-01

Isopiestic vapor-pressure comparison experiments were performed with aqueous binary sodium perchlorate, pertechnetate, and perrhenate solutions to concentrations of approximately 8.5 m. Osmotic coefficients for these solutions and mean molal ionic activity coefficients for NaTcO 4 and NaReO 4 were derived from the isotonic molalities. Pitzer's treatment was applied to describe the concentration dependence of the osmotic coefficients of NaClO 4 , NaTcO 4 , and NaReO 4 , and the implications of the parameters derived from a least-squares fit are discussed in terms of solvent structure and interionic forces. 4 tables, 1 figure

Energy levels of the single excited states in NaI and Na-like ions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

El-Sherbini, T.M.; Wahby, A.S.

1987-08-01

Energy levels of the single excited 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 ns( 2 S), 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 mp( 2 P), 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 md( 2 D) and 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 nf( 2 F); n=4-7, m=3-6 states for NaI and Na-like ions are calculated using the one configuration Hartree-Fock method. Good agreement is obtained between our results for the higher members of the NaI sequence and previous data from photo-absorption and beam foil experiments. (author). 11 refs, 3 figs, 9 tabs

Fabrication of implanted $^{22}$Na targets

CERN Multimedia

2002-01-01

A knowledge of the $^{22}$Na(p,$\\gamma$)$^{23}$ Mg reaction rate is of significant astrophysical interest. In order to complete previous studies of this reaction, radioactive $^{22}$Na targets of high purity are required. We ask for support to fabricate these targets via the implantation technique at ISOLDE GPS (off—line mode) using $^{22}$Na nuclides in an Al matrix produced in Nov. 1990 at the PSI (Zürich). The $^{22}$Na nuclides are released and ionized in a surface ionisation source, mass-analyzed at ISOLDE GPS, and implanted in a Ni-Ta backing and a C—foil in a special implantation setup.

Painful Na-channelopathies: an expanding universe.

Science.gov (United States)

Waxman, Stephen G

2013-07-01

The universe of painful Na-channelopathies--human disorders caused by mutations in voltage-gated sodium channels--has recently expanded in three dimensions. We now know that mutations of sodium channels cause not only rare genetic 'model disorders' such as inherited erythromelalgia and channelopathy-associated insensitivity to pain but also common painful neuropathies. We have learned that mutations of NaV1.8, as well as mutations of NaV1.7, can cause painful Na-channelopathies. Moreover, recent studies combining atomic level structural models and pharmacogenomics suggest that the goal of genomically guided pain therapy may not be unrealistic. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Usmerjanje urbanega razvoja na mestni ravni

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mojca Šašek Divjak

1999-01-01

Full Text Available Kot je poudarjeno v predstavljenem načrtu Kopenhagna, mestni načrt ne more rešiti vseh planskih problemov mesta. Predstavljal naj bi predvideni red, ki pa se pogosto sproti podira glede na nepredvidena dogajanja v prostoru. Probleme je velikokrat treba reševati šele, ko se pokažejo. Zato mora biti mestni načrt zastavljen dovolj prilagodljivo in fleksibilno, da dovoljuje potrebne spremembe. Vendar mora kljub temu dati mestu trdne glavne usmeritve in s tem omogočiti, da meščani lahko izkoristijo priložnosti, ki jih nudi nova doba in uveljavljajo nove kvalitete bivanja.

Velocity distribution and dimer formation in a Na/Na2 beam

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bergmann, K.; Hefter, U.; Hering, P.

1977-01-01

Using the TOF via optical pumping method and the Doppler-shifted laser induced emission described previously, the authors have measured the parallel and perpendicular velocity distribution respectively for Na atoms and Na 2 molecules in a variety of individual quantum states. In addition they monitored the flux of molecules in specific states while changing the stagnation pressure. In all cases a significant dependence on the internal energy of the molecules was found. The goal of these experiments is to improve understanding of the beam dynamics and the dimer formation process. (Auth.)

Angular distributions of photoelectrons from free Na clusters

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wopperer, P.; Dinh, P. M.; Faber, B.; Reinhard, P.-G.; Suraud, E.

2010-01-01

We explore, from a theoretical perspective, photoelectron angular distributions (PADs) of the Na clusters Na 8 , Na 10 , Na 12 , Na 18 , Na 3 + , Na 11 + , Na 13 + , and Na 19 + . The basis of the description is the time-dependent local-density approximation (TDLDA), augmented by a self-interaction correction (SIC) to describe ionization properties correctly. The scheme is solved on a numerical grid in coordinate space with absorbing bounds. We assume for each cluster system an isotropic ensemble of free clusters and develop for the case of one-photon emission analytical formulas for computing the orientation-averaged PAD on the basis of a few TDLDA-SIC calculations for properly chosen reference orientations. It turns out that all the information in the averaged PAD is contained in one anisotropy parameter. We find that this parameter varies very little with system size, but as a whole is crucially influenced by the detailed ionic structure. We also make comparisons with direct orientation averaging and consider one example reaching outside the perturbative regime.

The Na+ transport in gram-positive bacteria defect in the Mrp antiporter complex measured with 23Na nuclear magnetic resonance.

Science.gov (United States)

Górecki, Kamil; Hägerhäll, Cecilia; Drakenberg, Torbjörn

2014-01-15

(23)Na nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has previously been used to monitor Na(+) translocation across membranes in gram-negative bacteria and in various other organelles and liposomes using a membrane-impermeable shift reagent to resolve the signals resulting from internal and external Na(+). In this work, the (23)Na NMR method was adapted for measurements of internal Na(+) concentration in the gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis, with the aim of assessing the Na(+) translocation activity of the Mrp (multiple resistance and pH) antiporter complex, a member of the cation proton antiporter-3 (CPA-3) family. The sodium-sensitive growth phenotype observed in a B. subtilis strain with the gene encoding MrpA deleted could indeed be correlated to the inability of this strain to maintain a lower internal Na(+) concentration than an external one. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Quatenary Na//F, Cl, CO3, MoO4 system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kochkarov, Zh.A.; Lok''yaeva, S.M.; Shurdumov, G.K.; Gasanaliev, A.M.; Trunin, A.S.

1999-01-01

Perspective in applied respect quatenary system (NaF) 2 -(NaCl)-Na 2 CO 3 -Na 2 MoO 4 being element of narrowing of more complex six-membered mutual Na//F, Cl, CO 3 , MoO 4 (WO 4 ) system is investigated by differential thermal analysis with the use of projection-thermographic method for the first time. Crystallization tree of Na//F, Cl, CO 3 , MoO 4 system is established. It is shown that this system by tetrahedrating (NaF) 2 -Na 2 CO 3 -Na 3 ClMoO 4 section is triangulated on two stable system: (NaF) 2 -Na 3 ClMoO 4 -Na 2 CO 3 -(NaCl) 2 and (NaF) 2 -Na 3 ClMoO 4 -Na 2 CO 3 -Na 2 MoO 4 . Phase single units are determined too. Coordinates of desired quatenary nonvariant points are calculated on analytical models of surfaces by mutual crystallization of two phases and are refined by differential thermal analysis [ru

Experimental Study of Na based Titanium Nanofluid-Water Reaction

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Park, Gunyeop; Kim, Soo Jae; Baek, Jehyun; Kim, Hyun Soo; Oh, Sun Ryung; Park, Hyun Sun; Kim, Moo Hwan [POSTECH, Pohang (Korea, Republic of)

2015-10-15

In KALIMER-600, a sodium-cooled fast reactor designed by KAERI, thermal energy is transported from high-temperature liquid Na (526 .deg. C at 0.1 MPa) to low temperature water (230 .deg. C at - 19.5 MPa) through a heat exchanger. If any leakage or rupture occurs during the operation of this heat exchanger, highly pressurized liquid water can penetrate into the liquid Na channels; this contact should instantly cause SWR. As reaction continues, liquid water is soon vaporized by pressure drop and huge amount of reaction heat. This generated water vapor expands large reaction area and increases sodium-water vapor reaction process. Therefore, the rapid generation of reaction product (like H{sub 2}) and water vapor increases the system pressure that can cause the system failure in SFR. To reduce this strong chemical reaction phenomena between Na and water, some we have focused on suppressing the chemical reactivity of liquid Na by dispersing nanoparticles (NPs). For the real application of NaTiNF, the pressure change induced by NaTiNF-water reaction is compared with Na-water reaction in the present study. NaTiNF contains 100nm of Ti NPs at 0.2 vol. %. The reaction rate of NaTiNF-water reaction is also investigated as reaction temperature increases. Sodium-water vapor reaction (SVR) will occur when an SWR accident occurs in SFR. In this manner, NaTiNF-water vapor reaction is experimentally performed for ensuring the suppression of chemical reactivity of NaTiNF in contact with water vapor. In the basic step for reducing risk of an SWR in SFR, we have experimentally verified the suppressed chemical reactivity of liquid sodium using Ti NPs through SWR and SVR experiments. In SWR, Na based titanium nanofluid (NaTiNF) shows lower pressure change than Na. As T{sub R} increases, P{sub max} in Na-water reaction increases while NaTiNF does not. The reaction rate of NaTiNF shows twice slower than that of Na. In SVR, NaTiNF shows slower temperature increase than Na. The distinct

Phase equilibria in the NaF-CdO-NaPO{sub 3} system at 873 K and crystal structure and physico-chemical characterizations of the new Na{sub 2}CdPO{sub 4}F fluorophosphate

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Aboussatar, Mohamed [Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, UMR 6296 CNRS, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand (France); Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l’État Solide, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, BP 1171, 3000 Sfax (Tunisia); Mbarek, Aïcha [Laboratoire de Chimie Industrielle, Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, BP W3038, 3000 Sfax (Tunisia); Naili, Houcine [Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l’État Solide, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, BP 1171, 3000 Sfax (Tunisia); El-Ghozzi, Malika [Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, UMR 6296 CNRS, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand (France); Chadeyron, Geneviève [Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, UMR 6296 CNRS/UBP/SIGMA, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand (France); Avignant, Daniel [Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, UMR 6296 CNRS, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand (France); Zambon, Daniel, E-mail: Daniel.Zambon@univ-bpclermont.fr [Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, UMR 6296 CNRS, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand (France)

2017-04-15

Isothermal sections of the diagram representing phase relationships in the NaF-CdO-NaPO{sub 3} system have been investigated by solid state reactions and powder X-ray diffraction. This phase diagram investigation confirms the polymorphism of the NaCdPO{sub 4} side component and the structure of the ß high temperature polymorph (orthorhombic, space group Pnma and unit cell parameters a=9.3118(2), b=7.0459(1), c=5.1849(1) Å has been refined. A new fluorophosphate, Na{sub 2}CdPO{sub 4}F, has been discovered and its crystal structure determined and refined from powder X-ray diffraction data. It exhibits a new 3D structure with orthorhombic symmetry, space group Pnma and unit cell parameters a=5.3731(1), b=6.8530(1), c=12.2691(2) Å. The structure is closely related to those of the high temperature polymorph of the nacaphite Na{sub 2}CaPO{sub 4}F and the fluorosilicate Ca{sub 2}NaSiO{sub 4}F but differs essentially in the cationic repartition since the structure is fully ordered with one Na site (8d) and one Cd site (4c). Relationships with other Na{sub 2}M{sup II}PO{sub 4}F (M{sup II}=Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) have been examined and the crystal-chemical and topographical analysis of these fluorophosphates is briefly reviewed. IR, Raman, optical and {sup 19}F, {sup 23}Na, {sup 31}P MAS NMR characterizations of Na{sub 2}CdPO{sub 4}F have been investigated. - Graphical abstract: The structure of the compound Na{sub 2}CdPO{sub 4}F, discovered during the study of the phase relationships in the NaF-CdO-NaPO{sub 3} system, has been determined and compared with other Na{sub 2}M{sup II}PO{sub 4}F fluorophosphates. - Highlights: • XRD analysis of the isothermal section of the NaF-CdO-NaPO{sub 3} system at 923 K. • Rietveld refinement of the high temperature polymorph β-NaCdPO{sub 4}. • Crystal structure of the new Na{sub 2}CdPO{sub 4}F fluorophosphate determined from powder XRD. • Crystal structure - composition relationships of Na{sub 2}M{sup II}PO{sub 4}F compounds

Mechanochemical transformations in Li(Na)AlH4-Li(Na)NH2 systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dolotko, Oleksandr; Zhang Haiqiao; Ugurlu, Ozan; Wiench, Jerzy W.; Pruski, Marek; Scott Chumbley, L.; Pecharsky, Vitalij

2007-01-01

Mechanochemical transformations of tetrahydroaluminates and amides of lithium and sodium have been investigated using gas volumetric analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and transmission electron microscopy. In a transformation of LiAlH 4 and LiNH 2 taken in an 1:1 molar ratio, the amount of released hydrogen (6.6 wt.% after 30 min ball milling) was higher than in any known one pot mechanochemical process involving a hydrogen-containing solid. A total of 4.3 wt.% of hydrogen is released by the NaAlH 4 -NaNH 2 system after 60 min ball milling; and 5.2 wt.% H 2 is released when LiAlH 4 and NaNH 2 or NaAlH 4 and LiNH 2 are ball milled for 90 min and 120 min, respectively. All transformations proceed at room temperature. The mechanism of the overall transformation MAlH 4 (s) + MNH 2 (s) → 2MH(s) + AlN(s) + 2H 2 (g) was identified based on detailed spectroscopic analysis of the intermediate (M 3 AlH 6 ) and final products of the ball milling process

Makosa Yanayofanywa na Wanafunzi Wanaojifunza Kiswahili kama ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Makala haya, yanashughulika na makosa ambayo hufanywa na wanafunzi wanaojifunza Kiswahili kama lugha ya pili katika shule za sekondari nchini Uganda. Mtafiti ameyaainisha makosa mbalimbali na kuyaeleza kiusahihi. Makala yanaeleza namna ambavyo makosa hayo hutokea. Yaani, kama ni makosa ...

Učinak video igre "Flappy Bird" na adolescente

OpenAIRE

Horvat, Marija

2018-01-01

Ovaj diplomski rad nastoji predstaviti uvid u učinke videoigre Flappy Bird na adolescente, fokusirajući se pritom na to potiče li ona nasilno ponašanje te nastoji odgovoriti na pitanje koliko je ta videoigra bila popularna među adolescentima u Hrvatskoj te po čemu je smatraju posebnom, tj. specifičnom. U tu svrhu provedeno je anketno istraživanje, a isti anketni upitnik proveden je na terenu i putem interneta te su uspoređeni rezultati. Anketni upitnik konstruiran je na način da se prvi dio u...

Perinatal Na+ Overload Programs Raised Renal Proximal Na+ Transport and Enalapril-Sensitive Alterations of Ang II Signaling Pathways during Adulthood

Science.gov (United States)

Cabral, Edjair V.; Vieira-Filho, Leucio D.; Silva, Paulo A.; Nascimento, Williams S.; Aires, Regina S.; Oliveira, Fabiana S. T.; Luzardo, Ricardo; Vieyra, Adalberto; Paixão, Ana D. O.

2012-01-01

Background High Na+ intake is a reality in nowadays and is frequently accompanied by renal and cardiovascular alterations. In this study, renal mechanisms underlying perinatal Na+ overload-programmed alterations in Na+ transporters and the renin/angiotensin system (RAS) were investigated, together with effects of short-term treatment with enalapril in terms of reprogramming molecular alterations in kidney. Methodology/Principal Findings Male adult Wistar rats were obtained from dams maintained throughout pregnancy and lactation on a standard diet and drinking water (control) or 0.17 M NaCl (saline group). Enalapril (100 mg/l), an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, was administered for three weeks after weaning. Ninety day old offspring from dams that drank saline presented with proximal tubules exhibiting increased (Na++K+)ATPase expression and activity. Ouabain-insensitive Na+-ATPase activity remained unchanged but its response to angiotensin II (Ang II) was lost. PKC, PKA, renal thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), macrophage infiltration and collagen deposition markedly increased, and AT2 receptor expression decreased while AT1 expression was unaltered. Early treatment with enalapril reduced expression and activity of (Na++K+)ATPase, partially recovered the response of Na+-ATPase to Ang II, and reduced PKC and PKA activities independently of whether offspring were exposed to high perinatal Na+ or not. In addition, treatment with enalapril per se reduced AT2 receptor expression, and increased TBARS, macrophage infiltration and collagen deposition. The perinatally Na+-overloaded offspring presented high numbers of Ang II-positive cortical cells, and significantly lower circulating Ang I, indicating that programming/reprogramming impacted systemic and local RAS. Conclusions/Significance Maternal Na+ overload programmed alterations in renal Na+ transporters and in its regulation, as well as severe structural lesions in adult offspring. Enalapril

alpha-Adducin mutations increase Na/K pump activity in renal cells by affecting constitutive endocytosis: implications for tubular Na reabsorption.

Science.gov (United States)

Torielli, Lucia; Tivodar, Simona; Montella, Rosa Chiara; Iacone, Roberto; Padoani, Gloria; Tarsini, Paolo; Russo, Ornella; Sarnataro, Daniela; Strazzullo, Pasquale; Ferrari, Patrizia; Bianchi, Giuseppe; Zurzolo, Chiara

2008-08-01

Genetic variation in alpha-adducin cytoskeletal protein is implicated in the polymerization and bundling of actin and alteration of the Na/K pump, resulting in abnormal renal sodium transport and hypertension in Milan hypertensive rats and humans. To investigate the molecular involvement of alpha-adducin in controlling Na/K pump activity, wild-type or mutated rat and human alpha-adducin forms were, respectively, transfected into several renal cell lines. Through multiple experimental approaches (microscopy, enzymatic assays, coimmunoprecipitation), we showed that rat and human mutated forms increased Na/K pump activity and the number of pump units; moreover, both variants coimmunoprecipitate with Na/K pump. The increased Na/K pump activity was not due to changes in its basolateral localization, but to an alteration of Na/K pump residential time on the plasma membrane. Indeed, both rat and human mutated variants reduced constitutive Na/K pump endocytosis and similarly affected transferrin receptor trafficking and fluid-phase endocytosis. In fact, alpha-adducin was detected in clathrin-coated vesicles and coimmunoprecipitated with clathrin. These results indicate that adducin, besides its modulatory effects on actin cytoskeleton dynamics, might play a direct role in clathrin-dependent endocytosis. The constitutive reduction of the Na/K pump endocytic rate induced by mutated adducin variants may be relevant in Na-dependent hypertension.

VPLIV OSEBNOSTI NA STILE VODENJA

OpenAIRE

Vučak, Petra

2009-01-01

Nekatere naše vrline krasijo zlate lastnosti, druge pa kvarijo sivi odtenki. Če bi ljudje razumeli in spoznali svojo osebnost, ter osebnostne tipe drugih ljudi, bi se problemi pri komunikaciji občutno zmanjšali. Takrat bi namreč lažje uvideli, zakaj je nekdo reagiral na način, kot je ali zakaj je nekdo dejal to, kar je. Smisel tega je, da spoznamo svoje dobre lastnosti, ki jih lahko še bolj razvijemo, slabe pa poskušamo nadzorovati in tako zmanjšati njihov vpliv. Iskanje uspešnih in učink...

VPLIV CENE NA ZADOVOLJSTVO IN ZVESTOBO UPORABNIKOV TELEKOMUNIKACIJSKIH STORITEV

OpenAIRE

Majcen, Mateja

2016-01-01

Cena izdelka ali storitve, ki jo plača uporabnik, ima pomemben vpliv na zadovoljstvo ali nezadovoljstvo uporabnika z uporabo tega izdelka ali storitve in posledično na zadovoljstvo do podjetja. Glede na to, da se različni avtorji strinjajo in to tudi dokazujejo z raziskavami, zadovoljstvo nedvoumno vpliva na zvestobo uporabnika, zvestoba pa na dolgoročno uspešnost podjetja, smo v delu ugotavljali, kako sama cena storitve vpliva na zadovoljstvo in kako posredno preko zadovoljstva vpliva na zve...

NaI(Tl) electron energy resolution

CERN Document Server

Mengesha, W

2002-01-01

NaI(Tl) electron energy resolution eta sub e was measured using the Modified Compton Coincidence Technique (MCCT). The MCCT allowed detection of nearly monoenergetic internal electrons resulting from the scattering of incident 662 keV gamma rays within a primary NaI(Tl) detector. Scattered gamma rays were detected using a secondary HPGe detector in a coincidence mode. Measurements were carried out for electron energies ranging from 16 to 438 keV, by varying the scattering angle. Measured HPGe coincidence spectra were deconvolved to determine the scattered energy spectra from the NaI(Tl) detector. Subsequently, the NaI(Tl) electron energy spectra were determined by subtracting the energy of scattered spectra from the incident source energy (662 keV). Using chi-squared minimization, iterative deconvolution of the internal electron energy spectra from the measured NaI(Tl) spectra was then used to determine eta sub e at the electron energy of interest. eta sub e values determined using this technique represent va...

Quantitative (23) Na MRI of human knee cartilage using dual-tuned (1) H/(23) Na transceiver array radiofrequency coil at 7 tesla.

Science.gov (United States)

Moon, Chan Hong; Kim, Jung-Hwan; Zhao, Tiejun; Bae, Kyongtae Ty

2013-11-01

To develop quantitative dual-tuned (DT) (1) H/(23) Na MRI of human knee cartilage in vivo at 7 Tesla (T). A sensitive (23) Na transceiver array RF coil was developed at 7T. B1 fields generated by the transceiver array coil were characterized and corrected in the (23) Na images. Point spread function (PSF) of the (23) Na images was measured, and the signal decrease due to partial-volume-effect was compensated in [(23) Na] quantification of knee cartilage. SNR and [(23) Na] in anterior femoral cartilage were measured from seven healthy subjects. SNR of (23) Na image with the transceiver array coil was higher than that of birdcage coil. SNR in the cartilage at 2-mm isotropic resolution was 26.80 ± 3.69 (n = 7). B1 transmission and reception fields produced by the DT coil at 7T were similar to each other. Effective full-width-half-maximum of (23) Na image was ∼5 mm at 2-mm resolution. Mean [(23) Na] was 288.13 ± 29.50 mM (n = 7) in the anterior femoral cartilage of normal subjects. We developed a new high-sensitivity (23) Na RF coil for knee MRI at 7T. Our (1) H/(23) Na MRI allowed quantitative measurement of [(23) Na] in knee cartilage by measuring PSF and cartilage thickness from (23) Na and (1) H image, respectively. Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Reorganization of convergent plate boundaries. Geologica Ultraiectina (340)

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Baes, M.

2011-01-01

It is still unclear where a subduction is initiated and what are the responsible mechanisms involved in subduction initiation process. Understanding of subduction initiation will advance our knowledge of how and when plate tectonics started on Earth. Another issue concerning the subduction process

Razvitak naselja na kvarnerskim otocima - primjer Dobrinja

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marijan Bradanović

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Na dosad slabo poznatom i sa stajališta povijesti umjetnosti još posve neobrađenom primjeru Dobrinja na otoku Krku, raspravlja se o razvitku naselja na kvarnerskim otocima. Uz isticanje štetnosti dosad prevladavajućih uopćavanja, karakteristični položaj i razvitak Dobrinja tumače se u širem, komparativnom kontekstu. Analiziraju se prostiranje i obilježja pojedinih dijelova ovog naselja, a naglasak je na vremenu kasnog srednjeg i ranijeg novog vijeka. Tada je najuži dio povijesnog središta Dobrinja poprimio čvrstu, na tlorisnoj osnovi i danas, usprkos opsežnim pregradnjama i arhitektonskim preinakama, jasno uočljivu, urbanu fizionomiju.

Investigation of sodalites for conditioning halide salts (NaCl and NaI): Comparison of two synthesis routes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bardez, Isabelle; Campayo, Lionel; Rigaud, Danielle; Chartier, Myriam; Calvet, Aurelie [CEA, Laboratoire d' Etudes des Materiaux Ceramiques pour le Conditionnement, Site de Marcoule, Batiment 208, B.P. 17171, 30207 Bagnols sur Ceze cedex (France)

2008-07-01

Sodalites with the general formula Na{sub 8}Al{sub 6}Si{sub 6}O{sub 24}X{sub 2} (where X = Cl or I) were investigated for ceramic conditioning of halide salts (NaCl and NaI). Because of the tendency of halides to volatilize at high temperature, two synthesis routes were tested to optimize the halide content in the sodalite phase. The first is based on heating at high temperature of a [nepheline NaAlSiO{sub 4} + salt] mixture prepared by a dry process. The second, performed at low temperature, consists of the reaction in aqueous media between kaolinite (Al{sub 2}Si{sub 2}O{sub 5}(OH){sub 4}), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and the salt. The present study compares these two syntheses and examines differences between chloro-sodalite and iodo-sodalite based on X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. The next step will consist in sintering the resulting powder samples to obtain dense ceramics. (authors)

Dissolution of targets for the production of Mo-99: Part 1. Influence of NaOH concentration and the addition of NaNO3 and NaNO2 on the dissolution time

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Camilo, Ruth L.; Araujo, Izilda da C.; Mindrisz, Ana C.; Forbicini, Christina A.L.G. de O.

2011-01-01

Faced with global crisis in the production of radioisotope 99 Mo, which product of decay, 99 mTc, is the tracer element most often used in nuclear medicine and accounts for about 80% of all diagnostic procedures in vivo, since September 2008 Brazil is developing the project called Brazilian Multipurpose Reactor (RMB). Within the Brazilian Nuclear Program (PNB) the construction of the RMB, is seen as a long term solution to meet all domestic demand relative to the supply of radioisotopes and radiopharmaceuticals. In the process to be studied to obtain 99 Mo from irradiated UA1 x -A1 LEU targets employing alkaline dissolution, processing time should be minimized, considering the short half life of 99 Mo and 99 mTc, about 66 h and 6 h, respectively. That makes dissolution time a significant factor in the development of the process. This paper presents the results of alkaline dissolution of scraps of Al, used to simulate the dissolution process of UA1 x -A1 targets. Al corresponds to about 79% of the total weight of the UA1 x -A1 target. The effect of NaOH concentration on dissolution time for the interval of 1 to 3.5 mol.L-1 was studied, keeping the molar ratio in 1Al:2.16NaOH and the initial temperature of 88 degree C. The influence of reagent composition over dissolution time was studied using three different solutions: a) 3 mol.L -1 NaOH, b) 3 mol.L -1 NaOH/NaNO 3 and c) 3 mol.L -1 NaOH/NaNO 2 , keeping the same molar ratio and temperature. The results showed that the dissolution time decreases with increasing NaOH concentration and the addition of NaNO 3 or NaNO 2 in the NaOH solution reduces both dissolution time and volume of gases released. (author)

Magnetic upconverting fluorescent NaGdF4:Ln3+ and iron-oxide@NaGdF4:Ln3+ nanoparticles

Science.gov (United States)

Shrivastava, Navadeep; Rocha, Uéslen; Muraca, Diego; Jacinto, Carlos; Moreno, Sergio; Vargas, J. M.; Sharma, S. K.

2018-05-01

Microwave assisted solvothermal method has been employed to synthesize multifunctional upconverting β-NaGdF4:Ln3+ and magnetic-upconverting Fe3O4/γ-Fe2O3@NaGdF4:Ln3+ (Ln = Yb and Er) nanoparticles. The powder x-ray diffraction data confirms the hexagonal structure of NaGdF4:Ln3+ and high resolution transmission electron microscopy shows the formation of rod shaped NaGdF4:Ln3+ (˜ 20 nm) and ovoid shaped Fe3O4/γ-Fe2O3@NaGdF4:Ln3+ (˜ 15 nm) nanoparticles. The magnetic hysteresis at 300 K for β-NaGdF4:Ln3+ demonstrates paramagnetic features, whereas iron-oxide@β-NaGdF4:Ln3+ exhibits superparamagnetic behavior along with a linear component at large applied field due to paramagnetic NaGdF4 matrix. Both nanoparticle samples provide an excellent green emitting [(2H11/2, 4S3/2)→4I15/2 (˜ 540 nm)] upconversion luminescence emission under excitation at 980 nm. The energy migration between Yb and Er in NaGdF4 matrix has been explored from 300-800 nm. Intensity variation of blue, green and red lines and the observed luminescence quenching due to the presence of Fe3O4/γ-Fe2O3 in the composite has been proposed. These kinds of materials contain magnetic and luminescence characteristics into single nanoparticle open new possibility for bioimaging applications.

The plant vacuolar Na+/H+ antiport.

Science.gov (United States)

Barkla, B J; Apse, M P; Manolson, M F; Blumwald, E

1994-01-01

Salt stress imposes severe limitations on plant growth, however, the extent of growth reduction depends upon the soil salinity level and the plant species. One of the mechanisms employed by salt tolerant plants is the effective vacuolar compartmentalization of sodium. The sequestration of sodium into the vacuole occurs by the operation of a Na+/H+ antiport located at the tonoplast. Evidence for a plant vacuolar Na+/H+ antiport has been demonstrated in tissues, intact vacuoles and isolated tonoplast vesicles. In sugar beet cell suspensions, the activity of the vacuolar Na+/H+ antiport increased with increasing NaCl concentrations in the growth medium. This increased activity was correlated with the increased synthesis of a 170 kDa tonoplast polypeptide. In vivo labelling of tonoplast proteins showed the enhanced synthesis of the 170 kDa polypeptide not only upon exposure of the cells to salt, but also when the cells were grown in the presence of amiloride. Exposure of the cells to amiloride also resulted in increased vacuolar Na+/H+ antiport activity. Polyclonal antibodies raised against the 170 kDa polypeptide almost completely inhibited the antiport activity, suggesting the association of this protein with the plant vacuolar Na+/H+ antiport. Antibodies against the Na+/H+ antiport-associated polypeptide were used to screen a Beta lambda ZAP expression library. A partial clone of 1.65 kb was sequenced and found to encode a polypeptide with a putative transmembrane domain and a large hydrophilic C terminus. This clone showed no homology to any previously cloned gene at either the nucleic acid or the amino acid level.

Correlation of the Na2SiO3 to NaOH Ratios and Solid to Liquid Ratios to the Kedah’s Soil Strength

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nur Hamzah Hazamaah

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Geopolymer was used for the soil stabilization of Kedah’s soil at different ratios of solid to liquid and Na2SiO3 to NaOH in order to achieve the desired compressive strength. The geopolymerization process which produces an aluminosilicate gel was occurred due to the mixing of Kedah’s soil and fly ash with Na2SiO3 and NaOH. Soil stabilization by geopolymer was synthesized by the activation of fly ash and Kedah’s soil with Na2SiO3 and NaOH at different ratios of solid to liquid (1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 and Na2SiO3 to NaOH (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 at a specific constant concentration of NaOH solution of 6M. The compressive strength up to 5.12 MPa was obtained at 3.0 of solid to liquid ratio and 2.5 of Na2SiO3 to NaOH ratio in 7 days curing at room temperature.

Near resonant charge transfer in Na(4D)+K+ → Na++K*: Optical pumping of the Na(4D) state and energy dependence of rank 4 alignment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Campbell, E.E.B.; Huelser, H.; Witte, R.; Hertel, I.V.

1990-01-01

Rank 4 alignment has been observed in a quasi one electron system. Relative charge transfer cross sections of the Na 4dσ, 4dπ and 4dδ sublevels for the K + +Na(4D)→K * +Na + system have been measured. A strong energy dependence is observed. The results at energies less than 1 keV may be attributed to rotational coupling of the Na 4dπ state to the K 4fδ state. The Na atom is excited in a two-step process, the first step being excitation to the 3 2 P 3/2 level with a two-mode laser to pump from both hyperfine levels of the ground state simultaneously. This two-mode laser is described in detail. The optical pumping problem is solved using rate equations. The general formula for describing the scattering intensity for cylindrical symmetry, in terms of multipole moments, for atoms excited by two linearly polarised lasers is derived and used to evaluate the experimental results. (orig.)

Thermodynamic description of Tc(iv) solubility and carbonate complexation in alkaline NaHCO3-Na2CO3-NaCl systems.

Science.gov (United States)

Baumann, A; Yalçıntaş, E; Gaona, X; Polly, R; Dardenne, K; Prüßmann, T; Rothe, J; Altmaier, M; Geckeis, H

2018-03-28

The solubility of 99 Tc(iv) was investigated in dilute to concentrated carbonate solutions (0.01 M ≤ C tot ≤ 1.0 M, with C tot = [HCO 3 - ] + [CO 3 2- ]) under systematic variation of ionic strength (I = 0.3-5.0 M NaHCO 3 -Na 2 CO 3 -NaCl-NaOH) and pH m (-log[H + ] = 8.5-14.5). Strongly reducing conditions (pe + pH m ≈ 2) were set with Sn(ii). Carbonate enhances the solubility of Tc(iv) in alkaline conditions by up to 3.5 log 10 -units compared to carbonate-free systems. Solvent extraction and XANES confirmed that Tc was kept as +IV during the timeframe of the experiments (≤ 650 days). Solid phase characterization performed by XAFS, XRD, SEM-EDS, chemical analysis and TG-DTA confirmed that TcO 2 ·0.6H 2 O(am) controls the solubility of Tc(iv) under the conditions investigated. Slope analysis of the solubility data in combination with solid/aqueous phase characterization and DFT calculations indicate the predominance of the species Tc(OH) 3 CO 3 - at pH m ≤ 11 and C tot ≥ 0.01 M, for which thermodynamic and activity models are derived. Solubility data obtained above pH m ≈ 11 indicates the formation of previously unreported Tc(iv)-carbonate species, possibly Tc(OH) 4 CO 3 2- , although the likely formation of additional complexes prevents deriving a thermodynamic model valid for this pH m -region. This work provides the most comprehensive thermodynamic dataset available for the system Tc 4+ -Na + -Cl - -OH - -HCO 3 - -CO 3 2- -H 2 O(l) valid under a range of conditions relevant for nuclear waste disposal.

Stimulation of Na+/K+ ATPase activity and Na+ coupled glucose transport by β-catenin

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sopjani, Mentor; Alesutan, Ioana; Wilmes, Jan; Dermaku-Sopjani, Miribane; Lam, Rebecca S.; Koutsouki, Evgenia; Jakupi, Muharrem; Foeller, Michael; Lang, Florian

2010-01-01

Research highlights: → The oncogenic transcription factor β-catenin stimulates the Na + /K + -ATPase. → β-Catenin stimulates SGLT1 dependent Na + , glucose cotransport. → The effects are independent of transcription. → β-Catenin sensitive transport may contribute to properties of proliferating cells. -- Abstract: β-Catenin is a multifunctional protein stimulating as oncogenic transcription factor several genes important for cell proliferation. β-Catenin-regulated genes include the serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase SGK1, which is known to stimulate a variety of transport systems. The present study explored the possibility that β-catenin influences membrane transport. To this end, β-catenin was expressed in Xenopus oocytes with or without SGLT1 and electrogenic transport determined by dual electrode voltage clamp. As a result, expression of β-catenin significantly enhanced the ouabain-sensitive current of the endogeneous Na + /K + -ATPase. Inhibition of vesicle trafficking by brefeldin A revealed that the stimulatory effect of β-catenin on the endogenous Na + /K + -ATPase was not due to enhanced stability of the pump protein in the cell membrane. Expression of β-catenin further enhanced glucose-induced current (Ig) in SGLT1-expressing oocytes. In the absence of SGLT1 Ig was negligible irrespective of β-catenin expression. The stimulating effect of β-catenin on both Na + /K + ATPase and SGLT1 activity was observed even in the presence of actinomycin D, an inhibitor of transcription. The experiments disclose a completely novel function of β-catenin, i.e. the regulation of transport.

Desirable New Geologic Research in Support of Radioactive Waste Disposal as Indicated by Hanford Experience; Nouvelles Recherches Geologiques Souhaitables au Sujet de l'Elimination des Dechets Radioactifs, Selon les Indications Fournies par l'Experience de Hanford; 041f 0420 041e 0412 0415 0414 ; Nuevas Investigaciones Geologicas que Convendria Hacer para Facilitar la Evacuacion de Desechos Radiactivos Siguiendo las Indicaciones Proporcionadas por las Experiencias Efectuadas en Hanford

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brown, Randall E. [Hanford Laboratories, Hanford Atomic Products Operation, General Electric Company, Richland, WA (United States)

1960-07-01

geologica del lugar de que se trate. No obstante, la evacuacion en ese medio no tiene caracter definitivo ya que ningun material es impermeable o inmune a los efectos de la Uxiviacion o de la corrosion cuando se consideran periodos de tiempo en terminos geologicos. Las experiencias realizadas en Hanford hacen intervenir un maximo de caracteristicas geologicas entre los puntos de evacuacion y el punto mas proximo en que las personas quedarian expuestas a las radiaciones, Este es el concepto que Simpson denomino concepto de demora y desintegracion. Entre los problemas que plantea la evacuacion de desechos en Hanford cabe mencionar los siguientes: 1) la inexactitud cuantitativa de los datos geologicos; 2) la ausencia de materiales isotopicos homogeneos en la composicion del subsuelo; 3) la determinacion cuantitativa del grado en que las caracteristicas geologicas e hidrologicas se apartan de los valores promedios, y 4) la determinacion y medicion de los parametros de interes para estas experiencias. Para ilustrar los mencionados extremos, el- autor cita algunos casos registrados en Hanford. Se han realizado perforaciones que representan en total 557 pozos y 33.000 m de profundidad, pero los datos obtenidos han de ser utilizados con cautela. Los ensayos normalizados destinados a comprobar el comportamiento de la capa acuifera tienen un valor limitado, ya que la permeabilidad del suelo perforado y la direccion de las corrientes se reducen a valores medios. Los estudios del intercambio ionico proporcionan valores cuantitativos directamente aprovechables que ayudan a interpretar las caracteristicas geologicas. Los estudios hidrologicos, combinados con el estudio de la quimica de los suelos y con los datos geologicos, permiten un control geologico del movimiento de las aguas, .logicamente explicable. La evacuacion de desechos radiactivos en el suelo no es ni una panacea universal ni un procedimiento que haya de inspirar temor. La combinacion de los datos proporcionados por los

Explosive phenomena in heavily irradiated NaCl

NARCIS (Netherlands)

denHartog, HW; Vainshtein, DI; Matthews, GE; Williams, RT

1997-01-01

In heavily irradiated NaCl crystals explosive phenomena can be initiated during irradiation or afterwards when samples are heated to temperatures between 100 and 250 degrees C. During irradiation of NaCl Na and Cl-2 precipitates and void structures are produced along with the accumulation of stored

Crystallographic characterization of cement pastes hydrated with NaCl; Caracterizacao cristalografica de pastas de cimento hidratadas com NaCl

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Melo, Carina Gabriela de Melo e; Martinelli, Antonio Eduardo; Melo, Dulce Maria Araujo; Melo, Marcus Antonio de Freitas; Melo, Vitor Rodrigo de Melo e [Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN (Brazil)

2012-07-01

One of the major current challenges faced by oil companies is the exploration of pre salt basins. Salt layers deposited upon the evaporation of ocean water and continental separation are mainly formed by NaCl and isolate immense oil reservoirs. The mechanical stability and zonal isolation of oil wells that run through salt layers must be fulfilled by cement sheaths saturated with NaCl to assure chemical compatibility between cement and salt layer. The present study aimed at evaluating the effect of NaCl addition on the hydration of oil well cement slurries as well as identifying the nature of crystalline phases present in the hardened cement. To that end, cement slurries containing NaCl were mixed, hardened and characterized by X-ray diffraction. The results revealed that the presence of NaCl affects the formation of hydration products by the presence of Friedel's salt. The intensity of the corresponding peaks increase as the contents of NaCl in the slurry increase. High concentrations of NaCl in Portland slurries increase the setting time of cement and the presence of Friedel's salt decreases the strength of the hardened cement. (author)

Estereótipos na comunicação intercultural: o caso do intercâmbio cultural na PUCRS

OpenAIRE

Espindola, Polianne Merie

2010-01-01

Este é um estudo da estereotipia existente na comunicação intercultural. O objetivo é entender a natureza do estereótipo mental e seu papel na comunicação entre interlocutores de culturas distintas. Para tanto, observa os estudantes estrangeiros em programas de intercâmbio no campus da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. O estudo define o conceito de estereótipo e explicita seu papel na comunicação intercultural; verifica sua relevância na construção das narrativas entre cu...

VPLIV ULCEROZNEGA KOLITISA NA KAKOVOST ŽIVLJENJA

OpenAIRE

Dugi, Maja

2015-01-01

Pri vsaki bolezni je zelo pomembna kakovost življenja pacientov. Ulcerozni kolitis je kronična bolezen, ki je znana po obdobjih mirovanja in izbruhov, kar definitivno vpliva na posameznika, ki se s tem spopada. Sooča se z raznimi omejitvami, ki vplivajo na njegov vsakdan. Rezultati raziskave so pokazali, da je kakovost življenja bolnikov z ulceroznim kolitisom izrazito okrnjena. Ne le, da se spopadajo z bolečino, ampak tudi s psihičnimi in socialnimi posledicami, ki vplivajo na fizične aktivn...

Análise do efeito imunomodulador da ouabaína na inflamação e nocicepção

OpenAIRE

Vasconcelos, Danielle Ingrid Bezerra de

2011-01-01

A Ouabaína é um glicosídeo cardiotônico, inibidor da Na+/K+-ATPase, utilizada na clínica para o tratamento de insuficiência cardíaca. Atualmente, sabe-se que essa substância é endógena, e capaz de interferir em várias funções fisiológicas, inclusive em diversos aspectos do sistema imunológico. Apesar disso, pouco se sabe sobre seu envolvimento em processos inflamatórios e nociceptivos. Neste trabalho, foi avaliada a atividade da Ouabaína na inflamação aguda desencadeada pela ad...

Erythrocyte 22Na+ influx in hypertension

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shalev, O.; Eaton, J.W.; Ben-Ishay, D.

1984-01-01

We assessed 22Na+ uptake by erythrocytes (RBC) from 38 individuals with essential hypertension and 37 healthy controls. All subjects were male, white, non-obese and with normal renal function, obviating sex, race, hormonal, ponderal and renal factors known to influence RBC Na+ handling. The mean +/- sem 22Na+ uptake of the patients was 284 +/- 16 mumole/liter RBC/hour while that of normal controls was 249 +/- 11 mumole/liter RBC/hour; although the difference reached borderline significance, individual values showed considerable overlap. Consequently, in our population, RBC 22Na+ uptake is not a reliable marker for essential hypertension. We believe that previous studies should be reassessed with regard to patients' characteristics and future studies employ rigorous criteria in selection of subjects

O grotesco na imagem publicitária

OpenAIRE

Silva, Maria João Barros

2013-01-01

O significado da palavra grotesco teve um começo puramente artístico numa descoberta, de imagens de figuras humanas deformadas e alteradas. No entanto, este foi evoluindo e adotando novos significados mais amplos e concretos na atualidade. É possível encontrar vários exemplos do grotesco em várias plataformas, como no cinema, na televisão e na literatura. Neste sentido, para se poder proceder ao estudo desta temática é fundamental a conquista do conhecimento sobre o estatuto do grotesco na pu...

Gravidez na adolescência: tendência na produção científica de enfermagem

OpenAIRE

Gurgel, Maria Glêdes Ibiapina; Alves, Maria Dalva Santos; Vieira, Neiva Francenely Cunha; Pinheiro, Patrícia Neyva da Costa; Barroso, Grasiela Teixeira

2008-01-01

A gravidez em adolescentes tem implicações biológica, psicológica, social, econômica e cultural. O estudo exploratório, descritivo e bibliográfico objetivou identificar as concepções da gravidez na adolescência, sujeito, vulnerabilidade e gênero, presentes na produção científica de Enfermagem. Foram selecionados intencionalmente quatro periódicos brasileiros e dois da América Latina indexados de 2002 a 2006 na Scientific Electronic Library. Dos 1.472 artigos identificados, 43 tinham como temá...

Neutralization of Na2PO4: Reaction between Na3PO4 and CaCL2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xia Shenglan; Wang Luning

1990-01-01

The results of reaction Na 3 PO 4 with CaCl 2 in water at ambient and higher temperature are described. The reaction rate of Na 3 PO 4 with CaCl 2 is slow at ambient temperature and the reaction is complete at 260 deg C after 2 h. The products are Ca(OH) 2 and Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 (OH). The quantity of them is dependent upon the quanity of Na 3 PO 4 and CaCl 2 contained in water, all of them control pH of water

Raman scattering and lattice stability of NaAlH{sub 4} and Na{sub 3}AlH{sub 6}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yukawa, H. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya 464-8603 (Japan)], E-mail: hiroshi@numse.nagoya-u.ac.jp; Morisaku, N.; Li, Y.; Komiya, K.; Rong, R.; Shinzato, Y. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya 464-8603 (Japan); Sekine, R. [Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Shizuoka 422-8529 (Japan); Morinaga, M. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya 464-8603 (Japan)

2007-10-31

In situ Raman spectroscopy measurements have been performed during the decomposition of NaAlH{sub 4} in order to investigate the transition from the four-coordinated complex anion, [AlH{sub 4}]{sup -}, in NaAlH{sub 4} to the six-coordinated complex anion, [AlH{sub 6}]{sup 3-}, in Na{sub 3}AlH{sub 6}. Also, the local geometry and the Al-H vibrations are analyzed theoretically by the first-principle calculations of the electronic structures. It is found that the Raman sift at 1765 cm{sup -1} for the Al-H stretching vibration in NaAlH{sub 4} shifts towards the higher frequency side, 1801 cm{sup -1} upon melting. This Raman spectrum for the liquid phase recovers to the original position when it is cooled down to room temperature before Na{sub 3}AlH{sub 6} start to appear. The Raman peak around 1800 cm{sup -1} is still observed after the decomposition of NaAlH{sub 4} occurs to precipitate Na{sub 3}AlH{sub 6}. However, this peak does not recover to its original position by cooling, but still persists in the sample cooled down to room temperature. From these results, the intermediate transition state during the decomposition of NaAlH{sub 4} into Na{sub 3}AlH{sub 6} is discussed. In addition, it is shown from a series of calculation that the highest frequency of the Al-H vibration correlates with the shortest Al-H bond length in the MAlH{sub 4}-type and its derivative complex hydrides.

Predstave o seksu u filmovima na temu postapokalipse

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Banić-Grubišić

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Rad se bavi načinima predstavljanja seksualnih odnosa u filmovima na temu postapokalipse. Razmatraju se različiti oblici/vrste seksualnih veza, koje se javljaju u postkataklizmičnom okruženju, u odnosu na dva tipa zajednica/društava koja nastaju nakon kraja sveta. Ti filmovi pokazuju koliko je ideja o nagonskoj, prirodnoj, biološkoj seksualnosti raširena u popularnoj imaginaciji – seks je u postapokalipsi predstavljen kao pokretačka sila, na isti način kao što je to i glad.

23Na and 35/37Cl as NMR probes of growth and shape of sodium taurodeoxycholate micellar aggregates in the presence of NaCl.

Science.gov (United States)

Asaro, Fioretta; Feruglio, Luigi; Galantini, Luciano; Nardelli, Alessia

2013-02-15

The growth of the aggregates of the dihydroxylated bile salt sodium taurodeoxycholate (NaTDC) upon NaCl addition and the involvement of the counterion were investigated by NMR spectroscopy of monoatomic ionic species. (23)Na T(1) values from 0.015, 0.100, and 0.200 mol kg(-1) NaTDC solutions in D(2)O, at variable NaCl content, proved to be sensitive to the transition from primary to secondary aggregates, which occurs in the former sample, and to intermicellar interaction. Some (79)Br NMR measurements were performed on a 0.100 mol kg(-1) NaTDC sample added by NaBr in place of NaCl for comparison purposes. The (23)Na, (35)Cl, and (37)Cl double quantum filtered (DQF) patterns, from the 0.100 mol kg(-1) NaTDC sample, and (23)Na ones also from the 0.200 mol kg(-1) NaTDC one, in the presence of 0.750 mol kg(-1) NaCl, are a clear manifestation of motional anisotropy. Moreover, the DQF spectra of (23)Na and (37)Cl, which possess close quadrupole moments, display a striking similarity. The DQF lineshapes were simulated exploiting the Scilab environment to obtain an estimate of the residual quadrupole splitting magnitude. These results support the description of NaTDC micelles as cylindrical aggregates, strongly interacting at high ionic strengths, and capable of association with added electrolytes. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Robust high pressure stability and negative thermal expansion in sodium-rich antiperovskites Na3OBr and Na4OI2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, Yonggang; Wen, Ting; Park, Changyong; Kenney-Benson, Curtis; Pravica, Michael; Zhao, Yusheng; Yang, Wenge

2016-01-01

The structure stability under high pressure and thermal expansion behavior of Na 3 OBr and Na 4 OI 2 , two prototypes of alkali-metal-rich antiperovskites, were investigated by in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction techniques under high pressure and low temperature. Both are soft materials with bulk modulus of 58.6 GPa and 52.0 GPa for Na 3 OBr and Na 4 OI 2 , respectively. The cubic Na 3 OBr structure and tetragonal Na 4 OI 2 with intergrowth K 2 NiF 4 structure are stable under high pressure up to 23 GPa. Although being a characteristic layered structure, Na 4 OI 2 exhibits nearly isotropic compressibility. Negative thermal expansion was observed at low temperature range (20–80 K) in both transition-metal-free antiperovskites for the first time. The robust high pressure structure stability was examined and confirmed by first-principles calculations among various possible polymorphisms qualitatively. The results provide in-depth understanding of the negative thermal expansion and robust crystal structure stability of these antiperovskite systems and their potential applications

Thermoluminescence and F centers of manganese doped NaCl and NaCl-CKl crystals exposed to gamma radiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Somera, L.; Cruz Z, E.; Roman L, J.; Hernandez A, J. M.; Murrieta S, H.

2015-10-01

Alkali halides crystals doped with rare earths or transition metals have been widely studied due to the luminescence properties. In particular, NaCl and KCl single crystals present thermally stimulated luminescence (Tl) after gamma irradiation. The NaCl and the NaCl KCl mixed crystal doped with manganese (MnCl 2 ) impurity were grown by using the Czochralski method. The emission characteristic of Mn 2+ was observed at 543 nm. The crystals were exposed between 0.02 and 10 kGy gamma dose from 60 Co irradiator. Optical absorption at room temperature shows the peaked band at 452 nm corresponding to the manganese impurity. The F bands, was ascribed to the electron trapped in the anion vacancy in the lattice, were obtained at 452 nm and 455 nm belonging to NaCl:Mn and NaCl KCl:Mn, respectively. The F band increases as the doses increase and it was bleaching by the UV light at 470 nm. The glow curves of the samples show the first glow peak between 92-103 degrees C, while the second main peak was observed at 183 degrees C for the undoped NaCl and at 148 and 165 degrees C for the NaCl:Mn and NaCl-KCl:Mn, respectively. The main peak was slowly bleaching when the irradiated sample was illuminated with F (470 nm) light. Optical bleaching confirms that the F center has an important participation in the thermoluminescent response. The glow curves structure from the thermal bleaching suggests the participation of different kind of traps. Also, the kinetics parameters such as activation energy (E), frequency factor (s) and the kinetic order (b) were investigated. (Author)

Thermoluminescence and F centers of manganese doped NaCl and NaCl-CKl crystals exposed to gamma radiation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Somera, L.; Cruz Z, E.; Roman L, J. [UNAM, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Mexico D. F. (Mexico); Hernandez A, J. M.; Murrieta S, H., E-mail: ecruz@nucleares.unam.mx [UNAM, Instituto de Fisica, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Mexico D. F. (Mexico)

2015-10-15

Alkali halides crystals doped with rare earths or transition metals have been widely studied due to the luminescence properties. In particular, NaCl and KCl single crystals present thermally stimulated luminescence (Tl) after gamma irradiation. The NaCl and the NaCl KCl mixed crystal doped with manganese (MnCl{sub 2}) impurity were grown by using the Czochralski method. The emission characteristic of Mn{sup 2+} was observed at 543 nm. The crystals were exposed between 0.02 and 10 kGy gamma dose from {sup 60}Co irradiator. Optical absorption at room temperature shows the peaked band at 452 nm corresponding to the manganese impurity. The F bands, was ascribed to the electron trapped in the anion vacancy in the lattice, were obtained at 452 nm and 455 nm belonging to NaCl:Mn and NaCl KCl:Mn, respectively. The F band increases as the doses increase and it was bleaching by the UV light at 470 nm. The glow curves of the samples show the first glow peak between 92-103 degrees C, while the second main peak was observed at 183 degrees C for the undoped NaCl and at 148 and 165 degrees C for the NaCl:Mn and NaCl-KCl:Mn, respectively. The main peak was slowly bleaching when the irradiated sample was illuminated with F (470 nm) light. Optical bleaching confirms that the F center has an important participation in the thermoluminescent response. The glow curves structure from the thermal bleaching suggests the participation of different kind of traps. Also, the kinetics parameters such as activation energy (E), frequency factor (s) and the kinetic order (b) were investigated. (Author)

Occlusion of /sup 22/Na+ and /sup 86/Rb+ in membrane-bound and soluble protomeric alpha beta-units of Na,K-ATPase

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vilsen, B.; Andersen, J.P.; Petersen, J.; Jorgensen, P.L.

1987-08-05

In this work, we examined occlusion of /sup 22/Na+ and /sup 86/Rb+ in membranous and detergent-solubilized Na,K-ATPase from outer renal medulla. Optimum conditions for occlusion of /sup 22/Na+ were provided by formation of the phosphorylated complex from the beta,gamma-bidentate complex of chromium (III) with ATP (CrATP). Release of occluded cations occurred at equally slow rates in soluble and membrane-bound Na,K-ATPase. Values of /sup 22/Na+ occlusion as high as 11 nmol/mg of protein were measured, corresponding to 1.8-2.7 mol of Na+/mol of phosphorylated Na,K-ATPase as determined by /sup 32/P incorporation from (gamma-/sup 32/P)CrATP. Maximum capacity for phosphorylation from (gamma-/sup 32/P)CrATP was 6 nmol/mg of protein and equal to capacities for binding of (48V)vanadate and (/sup 3/H)ouabain. The stoichiometry for occlusion of Rb+ was close to 2 Rb+ ions/phosphorylation site. In an analytical ultracentrifuge, the soluble Na+- or Rb+-occluded complexes showed sedimentation velocities (S20,w = 6.8-7.4) consistent with monomeric alpha beta-units. The data show that soluble monomeric alpha beta-units of Na,K-ATPase can occlude Rb+ or Na+ with the same stoichiometry as the membrane-bound enzyme. The structural basis for occlusion of cations in Na,K-ATPase is suggested to be the formation of a cavity inside a monomeric alpha beta-unit constituting the minimum protein unit required for active Na,K-transport.

Europlanet NA2 Science Networking

Science.gov (United States)

Harri, Ari-Matti; Szego, Karoly; Genzer, Maria; Schmidt, Walter; Krupp, Norbert; Lammer, Helmut; Kallio, Esa; Haukka, Harri

2013-04-01

Europlanet RI / NA2 Science Networking [1] focused on determining the major goals of current and future European planetary science, relating them to the Research Infrastructure that the Europlanet RI project [2] developed, and placing them in a more global context. NA2 also enhanced the ability of European planetary scientists to participate on the global scene with their own agenda-setting projects and ideas. The Networking Activity NA2 included five working groups, aimed at identifying key science issues and producing reference books on major science themes that will bridge the gap between the results of present and past missions and the scientific preparation of the future ones. Within the Europlanet RI project (2009-2012) the NA2 and NA2-WGs organized thematic workshops, an expert exchange program and training groups to improve the scientific impact of this Infrastructure. The principal tasks addressed by NA2 were: • Science activities in support to the optimal use of data from past and present space missions, involving the broad planetary science community beyond the "space club" • Science activities in support to the preparation of future planetary missions: Earth-based preparatory observations, laboratory studies, R&D on advanced instrumentation and exploration technologies for the future, theory and modeling etc. • Develop scientific activities, joint publications, dedicated meetings, tools and services, education activities, engaging the public and industries • Update science themes and addressing the two main scientific objectives • Prepare and support workshops of the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) in Bern and • Support Trans National Activities (TNAs), Joined Research Activities (JRAs) and the Integrated and Distributed Information Service (IDIS) of the Europlanet project These tasks were achieved by WG workshops organized by the NA2 working groups, by ISSI workshops and by an Expert Exchange Program. There were 17 official WG

CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA REDE DE DRENAGEM E DO SISTEMA LACUSTRE DA BACIA DO RIO GRANDE: OESTE DA BAHIA - REGIÃO DO MÉDIO SÃO FRANCISCO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gisele Barbosa dos Santos

2016-12-01

Full Text Available O sistema lacustre da bacia do rio Grande situa-se em um local que reúne particularidades do ponto de vista geológico e geomorfológico, no noroeste do Cráton do São Francisco. A partir da investigação de elementos morfoestruturais, pretendeu-se apresentar um panorama da geomorfologia deste sistema. Mediante o uso de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto, procurou-se estabelecer a influência da litologia e da tectônica na dinâmica atual da rede de drenagem e do sistema lacustre. Os resultados revelaram a presença de feições como anomalias de drenagem, assimetria de bacias, confinamento de planícies aluviais, diferenças bruscas de densidade de drenagem e distinção na distribuição de lagoas quanto à forma e dimensão. A área do sistema lacustre foi compartimentada em dois domínios: Domínio I com morfoestruturas NW-SE e Domínio II com predomínio de morfoestruturas NE-SW e, subordinadamente E-W, concordantes com orientações dos falhamentos regionais, o que mostra que a reativação de antigas falhas e o contexto litológico são importantes fatores para a origem e desenvolvimento deste sistema lacustre.

NA61/SHINE ion program

CERN Document Server

Mackowiak, Maja

2010-01-01

The Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) at CERN covers one of the most interesting regions of the phase diagram (T - \\mu_{B}) of strongly interacting matter. The study of central Pb+Pb collisions by NA49 indicate that the threshold for deconfinement is reached already at the low SPS energies. Theoretical considerations predict a critical point of strongly interacting matter at energies accessible at the SPS. The NA61/SHINE experiment, a successor of the NA49 project, will study hadron production in p+p, p+A, h+A, and A+A reactions at various energies. The broad physics program includes the investigation of the properties of strongly interacting matter, as well as precision measurements of hadron spectra for the T2K neutrino experiment and for the Pierre Auger Observatory and KASCADE cosmic-ray projects. The main physics goals of the NA61/SHINE ion program are to study the properties of the onset of deconfinement at low SPS energies and to find signatures of the critical point of strongly interacting matter. To ach...

Armas na escola: que fazer?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Raymundo de Lima

2010-09-01

Full Text Available

Um aluno portava um revólver na sala de aula de uma escola de Maringá (O Diário, 30/07/2010. Ele pegou arma do pai, sem que este soubesse, para se proteger de garotos que o intimidavam. Trata-se de um caso isolado ou é hora de a escola tomar medidas preventivas? Semanas antes, tiros foram disparados dentro de uma faculdade da mesma cidade. O autor dos disparos está preso, e a faculdade tenta apagar as marcas com publicidade positiva na Tv. Em Campo Mourão, cidade a cerca de uma hora de Maringá, duas meninas foram mortas e enterradas na escola.

Isotope separation of 22Na and 24Na with using light induced drift effect

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hradecny, C.; Tethal, T.; Ermolaev, I.M.; Zemlyanoj, S.G.; Zuzaan, P.

1993-01-01

The LIDIS (Light Drift Isotope Separation) separator without a gas flow is discussed. It is shown, that atomization degree of the separated isotopes limited real separation coefficient. The better buffer gas purification allowed to increase the experimental separation factor of 22 Na and 24 Na isotopes up to 25. The new experimental set up allow to increase the separation efficiency up to 50%. 12 refs.; 5 figs

MOBILNO POSLOVANJE NA PRIMERU UPORABE MICROSOFT DYNAMICS CRM

OpenAIRE

Duh, Tamara

2016-01-01

Hitro razvijajoči se svet nas spodbuja k hitremu reagiranju na novosti, ki se pojavljajo na trgu. Prav zaradi tega je danes zelo pomembno upravljati z mobilnimi napravami, da se lahko hitro in brez težav soočimo z morebitnimi težavami oz. zagatami. Prav iz tega razloga je mobilno poslovanje ena izmed inovativnih rešitev, ki ljudem omogoča seznanjenost z informacijami na vsakem koraku in omogoča hiter odziv na spremembe. Prav ta rešitev omogoča podjetjem, da so konkurenčna in hkrati lahko hitr...

Usando a antimatéria na medicina moderna

OpenAIRE

Machado,A.C.B.; Pleitez,V.; Tijero,M.C.

2006-01-01

Neste artigo, fazemos uma breve exposição de como um dos conceitos fundamentais da física moderna, a existência de antimatéria, tem aplicação na medicina, na chamada tomografia por emissão de pósitrons (PET na sigla em inglês). Ela consiste na produção de imagens tomográficas digitais do organismo que são obtidas pela detecção da radiação produzida na aniquilação do pósitron com o elétron.

Agenesia de veia cava inferior associada à trombose venosa profunda Agenesis of inferior vena cava associated with deep venous thrombosis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Clovis Luis Konopka

2010-09-01

Full Text Available A agenesia da veia cava inferior é uma anomalia congênita rara, que foi recentemente identificada como um importante fator de risco para o desenvolvimento e a recorrência de trombose venosa profunda de membros inferiores em jovens. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar o caso de uma paciente que apresentou trombose venosa profunda dois meses após a realização de cirurgia de varizes. A angiotomografia computadorizada demonstrou a presença de anomalia venosa complexa com ausência da veia cava inferior.The agenesis of the inferior vena cava is a rare congenital anomaly, which was recently identified as an important risk factor for the development and recurrence of deep venous thrombosis especially in young people. The goal of this work was to report the case of a patient who presented deep venous thrombosis approximately two months after varicose vein surgery. The computerized angiotomography demonstrated the presence of a complex venous anomaly with absence of the inferior vena cava.

43. Calmodulin regulating calcium sensitivity of Na channels

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

R. Vegiraju

2016-07-01

Full Text Available By extrapolating information from existing research and observing previous assumptions regarding the structure of the Na Channel, this experiment was conducted under the hypothesis that the Na Channel is in part regulated by the calmodulin protein, as a result proving calcium sensitivity of the Na Channel. Furthermore, we assume that there is a one to one stoichiometry between the Na Channel and the Calmodulin. There has been extensive research into the functionality and structure of sodium ion channels (Na channels, as several diseases are associated with the lack of regulation of sodium ions, that is caused by the disfunction of these Na channels. However, one highly controversial matter in the field is the importance of the protein calmodulin (CaM and calcium in Na channel function. Calmodulin is a protein that is well known for its role as a calcium binding messenger protein, and that association is believed to play an indirect role in regulating the Na channel through the Na channel’s supposed calcium sensitivity. While there are proponents for both sides, there has been relatively little research that provides strong evidence for either case. In this experiment, the effect of calmodulin on NaV 1.5 is tested by preparing a set of cardiac cells (of the human specie with the NaV 1.5 C-Termini and CaM protein, which were then to be placed in solutions with varying concentrations of calcium. We took special care to test multiple concentrations of calcium, as previous studies have tested very low concentrations, with Manu Ben-Johny’s team from the John Hopkins laboratory in particular testing up to a meager 50 micromolar, despite producing a well-respected paper (By comparison, the average Na channel can naturally sustain a concentration of almost 1-2 millimolar and on some occasions, reaching even higher concentrations. After using light scattering and observing the signals given off by the calcium interacting with these Nav1.5/Ca

In vivo PTH provokes apical NHE3 and NaPi2 redistribution and Na-K-ATPase inhibition

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Zhang, Y; Norian, J M; Magyar, C E

1999-01-01

and to determine whether the same cellular signals drive the changes in apical and basolateral transporters. PTH-(1-34) (20 U), which couples to adenylate cyclase (AC), phospholipase C (PLC), and phospholipase A2 (PLA2), or [Nle8,18,Tyr34]PTH-(3-34) (10 U), which couples to PLC and PLA2 but not AC, were given....../diuresis and NHE3 and NaPi2 internalization, and that Na-K-ATPase inhibition is not secondary to depressed apical Na+ transport....

Aspectos valorizados por porfissionais de enfermagem na higiene pessoal e na higiene corporal do paciente

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Elóide André Oliveira

2003-10-01

Full Text Available Survey descritivo, com o qual se objetivou identificar que aspectos da higiene corporal são valorizados pelos componentes da equipe de enfermagem, na higiene corporal pessoal e na higiene corporal do paciente. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em oito instituições públicas de saúde e a amostra foi composta por 126 profissionais de enfermagem, correspondendo a 12,8% do total de 986 componentes das equipes de enfermagem destas instituições. Na higiene corporal pessoal, chamou a atenção o fato de que os cuidados com as unhas e com os cabelos tenham suplantado, no número de citações dos profissionais de enfermagem, aspectos básicos como o cuidado com as mãos. Na higiene corporal do paciente, o banho foi o aspecto considerado mais importante pelas três categorias profissionais; a higiene oral, pelas(os enfermeiras(os e auxiliares de enfermagem; e as unhas, pelas(os enfermeiras(os e técnicas(os de enfermagem.

Modulation of contraction by intracellular Na+ via Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange in single shark (Squalus acanthias) ventricular myocytes.

Science.gov (United States)

Näbauer, M; Morad, M

1992-01-01

1. The effect of direct alteration of intracellular Na+ concentration on contractile properties of whole-cell clamped shark ventricular myocytes was studied using an array of 256 photodiodes to monitor the length of the isolated myocytes. 2. In myocytes dialysed with Na(+)-free solution, the voltage dependence of Ca2+ current (ICa) and contraction were similar and bell shaped. Contractions activated at all voltages were completely suppressed by nifedipine (5 microM), and failed to show significant tonic components, suggesting dependence of the contraction on Ca2+ influx through the L-type Ca2+ channel. 3. In myocytes dialysed with 60 mM Na+, a ICa-dependent and a ICa-independent component of contraction could be identified. The Ca2+ current-dependent component was prominent in voltages between -30 to +10 mV. The ICa-independent contractions were maintained for the duration of depolarization, increased with increasing depolarization between +10 to +100 mV, and were insensitive to nifedipine. 4. In such myocytes, repolarization produced slowly decaying inward tail currents closely related to the time course of relaxation and the degree of shortening prior to repolarization. 5. With 60 mM Na+ in the pipette solution, positive clamp potentials activated decaying outward currents which correlated to the size of contraction. These outward currents appeared to be generated by the Na(+)-Ca(2+)-exchanger since they depended on the presence of intracellular Na+, and were neither suppressed by nifedipine nor by K+ channel blockers. 6. The results suggest that in shark (Squalus acanthias) ventricular myocytes, which lack functionally relevant Ca2+ release pools, both Ca2+ channel and the Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger deliver sufficient Ca2+ to activate contraction, though the effectiveness of the latter mechanism was highly dependent on the [Na+]i. PMID:1338467

Malformações do sistema nervoso central : análise de 157 necrópsias pediátricas

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NORONHA LÚCIA DE

2000-01-01

Full Text Available As malformações do sistema nervoso central (SNC têm sido relatadas como de alta prevalência, acometendo 5 a 10 crianças para 1000 nascidos vivos. Estudamos a frequência das malformações do SNC em 5837 necrópsias pediátricas realizadas no Serviço de Anatomia Patológica do Hospital de Clínicas-UFPR, entre 1960 e 1995. Encontraram-se 157 malformações do SNC, correspondendo a 2,69% das necrópsias. As malformações mais comuns foram os defeitos do tubo neural (61%, incluindo 47 anencefalias e 45 casos classificados no grupo das mieloencefaloceles. As anomalias da vesícula prosencefálica foram responsáveis por 8% das malformações encefálicas, havendo sete casos de holoprosencefalia. Em 3%, as alterações ocorreram na fossa posterior, com três malformações de Arnold-Chiari. No presente estudo, os índices de mortalidade por malformações do SNC foram mais altos no período neonatal.

KANDUNGAN NATRIUM (Na DAN GARAM (NaCl DALAM IKAN ASIN KERING MENTAH DAN GORENG DI PASAR ANYAR BOGOR

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Heru Yuniati

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui kandungan natrium (Na dan garam (NaCl dalam 10 jenis ikan asin kering yang beredar di Pasar Anyar Bogor. Analisis natrium dilakukan terhadap ikan asin mentah, setelah dicuci, dan setelah digoreng dengan menggunakan flamefometer. Analisis garam dilakukan dengan titrasi argentometri terhadap ikan asin mentah. Hasil analisis menunjukkan, kandungan Na dan garam dalam ikan asin sangat beragam besarnya berturut-turut berkisar antara 0,3-8,1% dan 5,7-21,2%. Ikan asin yang mempunyai kadar Na dan garam tinggi adalah ikan sepat, peda putih dan gabus. Jumlah air dalam ikan asin juga bervariasi, berkisar antara 10,3-46,8%. pencucian dan penggorengan dapat menurunkan kadar garam ataupun natrium sebesar 37,4%.

Aprendizagem como/na prática

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Jean Lave

2015-12-01

Full Text Available ResumoEste artigo considera como o estudo da cultura e da aprendizagem pode ser de particular relevância para o campo da antropologia sociocultural em geral. O termo mais importante na expressão “cultura & aprendizagem” talvez seja o logograma “&” – ou seja, coloca-se a questão sobre o que conecta cultura e aprendizagem, perguntando-se como esses termos estão relacionados. Como devemos compreender cultura e aprendizagem como instâncias produtoras delas próprias, e uma da outra, na prática? Recalibrando em termos relacionais, podemos dizer que não é possível abordar a “aprendizagem” ou “cultura e aprendizagem” sem o seu emaranhamento na vida político-econômica, nas lutas e disputas históricas, em suas coerências e incoerências, e na produção relacional e histórica da vida cotidiana. Através das lentes da teoria da prática social, os estudos etnográficos sobre aprendizagem na prática oferecem diferentes entendimentos sobre como certa vida e certas disputas e incoerências são produzidas.

Metodologija analize stroškov in koristi za investicije v prometno infrastrukturo na osnovi Poročila vplivov na okolje

OpenAIRE

Podvornik, Nina

2016-01-01

Povečane potrebe po prometnem omrežju vodijo k dodatnim prometnim investicijam, ki so ne glede na njihov obseg, postavitev v prostor ter učinkovitost pomemben dejavnik gospodarskega razvoja. Investicije v prometno infrastrukturo lahko na sam razvoj vplivajo pozitivno (dvig gospodarske rasti, kakovost življenja, dostopnost idr.) in tudi negativno (različni vplivi na okolje). Ker so prometne investicije zelo obsežne, je vsestranska ocena le-teh ključnega pomena pri samem prometnem načrtovanju v...

Agmag Igbo dka Ngwar n'kwalite Ezi Nchekwa na Nkwsiike haobodo

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Ka Najira nwerechara onwe ya n'af 1960, olileanya tt mamala ya b na ihe ga-adz mma. Mana ka oge na-aga, a chptara na ihe na-akawanye nj. Usoro chch d iche iche daptara. Nd am na nd nkt achala mana nd gara n'ihu na-akawanye nj. O bu ihe doro anya na chch ha b nke nchgbu na fnfju akpa. N'agbanyegh na ...

Regulation of Epithelial Sodium Transport via Epithelial Na+ Channel

Science.gov (United States)

Marunaka, Yoshinori; Niisato, Naomi; Taruno, Akiyuki; Ohta, Mariko; Miyazaki, Hiroaki; Hosogi, Shigekuni; Nakajima, Ken-ichi; Kusuzaki, Katsuyuki; Ashihara, Eishi; Nishio, Kyosuke; Iwasaki, Yoshinobu; Nakahari, Takashi; Kubota, Takahiro

2011-01-01

Renal epithelial Na+ transport plays an important role in homeostasis of our body fluid content and blood pressure. Further, the Na+ transport in alveolar epithelial cells essentially controls the amount of alveolar fluid that should be kept at an appropriate level for normal gas exchange. The epithelial Na+ transport is generally mediated through two steps: (1) the entry step of Na+ via epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) at the apical membrane and (2) the extrusion step of Na+ via the Na+, K+-ATPase at the basolateral membrane. In general, the Na+ entry via ENaC is the rate-limiting step. Therefore, the regulation of ENaC plays an essential role in control of blood pressure and normal gas exchange. In this paper, we discuss two major factors in ENaC regulation: (1) activity of individual ENaC and (2) number of ENaC located at the apical membrane. PMID:22028593

Na+,K+ pumpen vedbliver at overraske

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Vilsen, Bente

2008-01-01

This article provides an overview of news about the Na+,K+ pump, an indispensable enzyme whose protein structure has been described in a recent article in Nature, 50 years after its discovery. In combination with mutational analysis, the structure reveals the binding pocket for the K+ ions...... and the regulation of Na+ transport by a strategically located C-terminus of the protein. Focus is also on the pathophysiology of two neurological disorders, familial hemiplegic migraine and rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism, recently shown to be caused by mutations in the Na+,K+-ATPase. Udgivelsesdato: may 19...

Risbjerg: Historisk stemmeskred med NA

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Thomsen, Søren Risbjerg

2007-01-01

ANALYSE: NA flytter 12,3 pct. af stemmerne i majs meningsmålinger - historisk mange vælgere på en måned, skriver professor Risbjerg. Udgivelsesdato: 3. juni 2007......ANALYSE: NA flytter 12,3 pct. af stemmerne i majs meningsmålinger - historisk mange vælgere på en måned, skriver professor Risbjerg. Udgivelsesdato: 3. juni 2007...

Dissolution of targets for the production of Mo-99: Part 1. Influence of NaOH concentration and the addition of NaNO{sub 3} and NaNO{sub 2} on the dissolution time

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Camilo, Ruth L.; Araujo, Izilda da C.; Mindrisz, Ana C.; Forbicini, Christina A.L.G. de O., E-mail: rcamilo@ipen.br, E-mail: icaraujo@ipen.br, E-mail: acmindri@ipen.br, E-mail: cforbici@ipen.br [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN/SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

2011-07-01

Faced with global crisis in the production of radioisotope {sup 99}Mo, which product of decay, {sup 99}mTc, is the tracer element most often used in nuclear medicine and accounts for about 80% of all diagnostic procedures in vivo, since September 2008 Brazil is developing the project called Brazilian Multipurpose Reactor (RMB). Within the Brazilian Nuclear Program (PNB) the construction of the RMB, is seen as a long term solution to meet all domestic demand relative to the supply of radioisotopes and radiopharmaceuticals. In the process to be studied to obtain {sup 99}Mo from irradiated UA1{sub x}-A1 LEU targets employing alkaline dissolution, processing time should be minimized, considering the short half life of {sup 99}Mo and {sup 99}mTc, about 66 h and 6 h, respectively. That makes dissolution time a significant factor in the development of the process. This paper presents the results of alkaline dissolution of scraps of Al, used to simulate the dissolution process of UA1{sub x}-A1 targets. Al corresponds to about 79% of the total weight of the UA1{sub x}-A1 target. The effect of NaOH concentration on dissolution time for the interval of 1 to 3.5 mol.L-1 was studied, keeping the molar ratio in 1Al:2.16NaOH and the initial temperature of 88 degree C. The influence of reagent composition over dissolution time was studied using three different solutions: a) 3 mol.L{sup -1} NaOH, b) 3 mol.L{sup -1} NaOH/NaNO{sub 3} and c) 3 mol.L{sup -1} NaOH/NaNO{sub 2}, keeping the same molar ratio and temperature. The results showed that the dissolution time decreases with increasing NaOH concentration and the addition of NaNO{sub 3} or NaNO{sub 2} in the NaOH solution reduces both dissolution time and volume of gases released. (author)

Crystal Structure of Na3MoCl6

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Martin Beran

2011-07-01

Full Text Available The ternary chloride Na3MoCl6 is obtained as red crystals from a disproportionation reaction of molybdenum dichloride, {Mo6}Cl12, in an acidic NaCl/AlCl3 melt at 350 °C. The crystal structure (trigonal, P-31c, a = 687.1(1, c = 1225.3(2 pm, Z = 2, V = 501,0(1 106 pm3 is that of Na3CrCl6: within a hexagonal closest-packing of chloride ions two thirds of the octahedral voids are filled between the AB double layers with Na+/Mo3+, and between the BA layers with Na+.

Diffusion of calcium in pure and doped NaCl; Diffusion du calcium dans NaCl pur et dope

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Slifkin, L; Brebec, G [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1969-07-01

We have determined, by diffusion experiments of Ca in pure and doped NaCl, the activation energy for the calcium jumps and the binding energy between calcium ion and vacancy. (authors) [French] Nous avons determine, par des mesures de diffusion du Ca dans NaCl pur et NaCl dope avec CaCl{sub 2}, l'energie d'activation relative aux sauts du calcium et l'energie de liaison lacune-calcium. (auteurs)

Wizerunek ateisty i jego miejsce na konfesyjnej mapie świata na Śląsku Cieszyńskim

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Zbigniew Greń

2017-12-01

Full Text Available The image of the atheist and his place on the confessional map of the world in Cieszyn Silesia The aim of this article is to create an image of the atheist based on historical and contemporary sources. The history of the concept of the atheist is described on the basis of the regional press, the contemporary picture of the concept – on the basis of the results of a questionnaire and discussions on religious topics on regional websites. The analysis showed that the concept of the atheist is treated as a term equivalent to the terms of members of different churches. The research shows not only the image of the atheist, but also its place in the system of perception of religious differences.   Wizerunek ateisty i jego miejsce na konfesyjnej mapie świata na Śląsku Cieszyńskim Celem niniejszego artykułu jest stworzenie obrazu ateisty na podstawie źródeł historycznych i współczesnych. Historia pojęcia ateisty została opisana na podstawie prasy regionalnej, współczesny obraz – na podstawie wyników ankiet i dyskusji na tematy religijne na regionalnych stronach internetowych. Analiza wykazała, że pojęcie ateisty jest traktowane jako pojęcie równorzędne z określeniami członków różnych Kościołów. W wyniku badań przedstawiono nie tylko wizerunek ateisty, lecz także jego miejsce w systemie postrzegania różnic wyznaniowych.

Mabadiliko Ya Kifonolojia Na Kimofolojia Wakati Wa Utohozi Wa ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Mwingiliano wa lugha ya Kiswahili na Kiarabu una historia ndefu kidogo. Inasemekana Waarabu walianza muwasala na 'Waswahili' tangu karne ya kwanza (BK) (Polome 1967:9). Kutokana na muwasala huo wa muda mrefu, lugha hizi mbili (Kiarabu na Kiswahili) zimeathiriana sana. Lakini kuna maoni kwamba Kiarabu ...

Aqueous partial molar heat capacities and volumes for NaReO4 and NaTcO4

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lemire, R.J.; Saluja, P.P.S.; Campbell, A.B.

1989-01-01

As part of the Canadian Nuclear Fuel Waste Management Program, data are required to model the equilibrium thermodynamic behavior of key radionuclides at temperatures above 25 degree C. A flow microcalorimeter/densimeter system has been commissioned to measure heat capacities and densities of solutions containing radioactive species. Measurements for solutions of aqueous NaReO 4 (a common analogue for NaTcO 4 ) were made at seven temperatures (15 to 100 degree C) over the concentration range 0.05 to 0.2 mol·kg -1 . Subsequently, measurements were made for NaTcO 4 solutions under similar conditions. The heat capacity and density data are analyzed using Pitzer's ion-interaction model, and values of the NaReO 4 partial molar heat capacities are compared to literature values based on integral heats of solution. The agreement between the two sets of NaReO 4 data is good below 75 degree C, but only fair at the higher temperatures. Values of the partial molar volumes have also been derived. The uncertainties introduced by using thermodynamic data for ReO 4 - , in the absence of data for TcO 4 - , are discussed

Effects of dietary Na+ deprivation on epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC, BDNF, and TrkB mRNA expression in the rat tongue

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Stähler Frauke

2009-03-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background In rodents, dietary Na+ deprivation reduces gustatory responses of primary taste fibers and central taste neurons to lingual Na+ stimulation. However, in the rat taste bud cells Na+ deprivation increases the number of amiloride sensitive epithelial Na+ channels (ENaC, which are considered as the "receptor" of the Na+ component of salt taste. To explore the mechanisms, the expression of the three ENaC subunits (α, β and γ in taste buds were observed from rats fed with diets containing either 0.03% (Na+ deprivation or 1% (control NaCl for 15 days, by using in situ hybridization and real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR. Since BDNF/TrkB signaling is involved in the neural innervation of taste buds, the effects of Na+ deprivation on BDNF and its receptor TrkB expression in the rat taste buds were also examined. Results In situ hybridization analysis showed that all three ENaC subunit mRNAs were found in the rat fungiform taste buds and lingual epithelia, but in the vallate and foliate taste buds, only α ENaC mRNA was easily detected, while β and γ ENaC mRNAs were much less than those in the fungiform taste buds. Between control and low Na+ fed animals, the numbers of taste bud cells expressing α, β and γ ENaC subunits were not significantly different in the fungiform, vallate and foliate taste buds, respectively. Similarly, qRT-PCR also indicated that Na+ deprivation had no effect on any ENaC subunit expression in the three types of taste buds. However, Na+ deprivation reduced BDNF mRNA expression by 50% in the fungiform taste buds, but not in the vallate and foliate taste buds. The expression of TrkB was not different between control and Na+ deprived rats, irrespective of the taste papillae type. Conclusion The findings demonstrate that dietary Na+ deprivation does not change ENaC mRNA expression in rat taste buds, but reduces BDNF mRNA expression in the fungiform taste buds. Given the roles of BDNF in survival of

Hydrogen production by sodium borohydride in NaOH aqueous solution

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Q.; Zhang, L. F.; Zhao, Z. G.

2018-01-01

The kinetics of hydrolysis reaction of NaBH4 in NaOH aqueous solution is studied. The influence of pH of the NaOH aqueous solution on the rate of hydrogen production and the hydrogen production efficiency are studied for the hydrolysis reaction of NaBH4. The results show that the activation energy of hydrolysis reaction of NaBH4 increased with the increase of the initial pH of NaOH aqueous solution.With the increasing of the initial pH of NaOH aqueous solution, the rate of hydrogen production and hydrogen production efficiency of NaBH4 hydrolysis decrease.

Altered Regulation of type 3 Na+/H+ exchanger, type 1 Na+/HCO3- cotransporter, and Na+,K+-ATPase in the Kidney of Rats with Experimental Rhabdomyolysis

Science.gov (United States)

Ma, Seong Kwon; Bae, Eun Hui; Lee, JongUn; Kim, Sun Young; Kim, Sung Zoo; Choi, Ki Chul

2007-01-01

Metabolic acidosis was shown to correlate with deterioration of renal function in patients with rhabdomyolysis. The present study was aimed to investigate whether the changes of type 3 Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE3), type 1 Na+/HCO3- cotransporter (NBC1), and Na+,K+-ATPase α1 subunit may play a role in the pathogenesis of metabolic acidosis in glycerol-induced experimental rhabdomyolysis. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were deprived of fluid intake for 24 hours, and then were injected with 50% glycerol in normal saline (10 mL/kg, intramuscularly). At 24 hours after the glycerol injection, rats were sacrificed by decapitation. Control rats were injected with normal saline. The protein expression of NHE3, NBC1 and Na+,K+-ATPase α1 subunit was determined in the cortex of the kidney by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. Following the treatment of glycerol, creatinine clearance was significantly decreased, and high anion gap metabolic acidosis developed. In the experimental group, the expression of Na+,K+-ATPase α1 subunit was significantly decreased in the cortex of the kidney. On the contrary, the expression of NHE3 and NBC1 was significantly increased. Immunohistochemical analyses confirmed the immunoblotting data. In conclusion, the coordinate up-regulation of NHE3 and NBC1 may play an adaptive role against the metabolic acidosis in glycerol-induced rhabdomyolysis. PMID:24459502

K⁺ congeners that do not compromise Na⁺ activation of the Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Mahmmoud, Yasser A; Kopec, Wojciech; Khandelia, Himanshu

2015-01-01

The Na(+),K(+)-ATPase is essential for ionic homeostasis in animal cells. The dephosphoenzyme contains Na(+) selective inward facing sites, whereas the phosphoenzyme contains K(+) selective outward facing sites. Under normal physiological conditions, K(+) inhibits cytoplasmic Na(+) activation...

Kupokelewa Zaidi Kwa Simu Ya Mkononi Kuliko Kompyuta Na ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Mtandao wa tovuti ni nyenzo ya msingi katika maendeleo ya uwanja wa mawasiliano unaounganisha watu na jamii mbalimbali katika ulimwengu wa leo unaotandawaa. Katika “ulimwengu wa kwanza na wa pili”, yaani mabara ya Amerika, Uropa na Asia, maendeleo na mapinduzi makubwa katika uwanja wa teknolojia ya ...

Silicene for Na-ion battery applications

KAUST Repository

Zhu, Jiajie; Schwingenschlö gl, Udo

2016-01-01

Na-ion batteries are promising candidates to replace Li-ion batteries in large scale applications because of the advantages in natural abundance and cost of Na. Silicene has potential as the anode in Li-ion batteries but so far has not received

Coulomb excitation of radioactive 20, 21Na

Science.gov (United States)

Schumaker, M. A.; Cline, D.; Hackman, G.; Pearson, C.; Svensson, C. E.; Wu, C. Y.; Andreyev, A.; Austin, R. A. E.; Ball, G. C.; Bandyopadhyay, D.; Becker, J. A.; Boston, A. J.; Boston, H. C.; Buchmann, L.; Churchman, R.; Cifarelli, F.; Cooper, R. J.; Cross, D. S.; Dashdorj, D.; Demand, G. A.; Dimmock, M. R.; Drake, T. E.; Finlay, P.; Gallant, A. T.; Garrett, P. E.; Green, K. L.; Grint, A. N.; Grinyer, G. F.; Harkness, L. J.; Hayes, A. B.; Kanungo, R.; Lisetskiy, A. F.; Leach, K. G.; Lee, G.; Maharaj, R.; Martin, J.-P.; Moisan, F.; Morton, A. C.; Mythili, S.; Nelson, L.; Newman, O.; Nolan, P. J.; Orce, J. N.; Padilla-Rodal, E.; Phillips, A. A.; Porter-Peden, M.; Ressler, J. J.; Roy, R.; Ruiz, C.; Sarazin, F.; Scraggs, D. P.; Waddington, J. C.; Wan, J. M.; Whitbeck, A.; Williams, S. J.; Wong, J.

2009-12-01

The low-energy structures of the radioactive nuclei 20, 21Na have been examined using Coulomb excitation at the TRIUMF-ISAC radioactive ion beam facility. Beams of ˜ 5×106 ions/s were accelerated to 1.7MeV/A and Coulomb excited in a 0.5mg/cm^2 natTi target. Two TIGRESS HPGe clover detectors perpendicular to the beam axis were used for γ -ray detection, while scattered nuclei were observed by the Si detector BAMBINO. For 21Na , Coulomb excitation from the 3/2+ ground state to the first excited 5/2+ state was observed, while for 20Na , Coulomb excitation was observed from the 2+ ground state to the first excited 3+ and 4+ states. For both beams, B ( λ L) values were determined using the 2+ rightarrow 0+ de-excitation in 48Ti as a reference. The resulting B( E2) ↓ value for 21Na is 137±9 e^2fm^4, while the resulting B( λ L) ↓ values for 20Na are 55±6 e^2fm^4 for the 3+ rightarrow 2+ , 35.7±5.7 e^2 fm^4 for the 4+ rightarrow 2+ , and 0.154±0.030 μ_ N^2 for the 4+ rightarrow 3+ transitions. This analysis significantly improves the measurement of the 21Na B( E2) value, and provides the first experimental determination of B( λ L) values for the proton dripline nucleus 20Na .-1

Detailed investigation of Na2.24FePO4CO3 as a cathode material for Na-ion batteries

Science.gov (United States)

Huang, Weifeng; Zhou, Jing; Li, Biao; Ma, Jin; Tao, Shi; Xia, Dingguo; Chu, Wangsheng; Wu, Ziyu

2014-01-01

Na-ion batteries are gaining an increased recognition as the next generation low cost energy storage devices. Here, we present a characterization of Na3FePO4CO3 nanoplates as a novel cathode material for sodium ion batteries. First-principles calculations reveal that there are two paths for Na ion migration along b and c axis. In-situ and ex-situ Fe K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) point out that in Na3FePO4CO3 both Fe2+/Fe3+ and Fe3+/Fe4+ redox couples are electrochemically active, suggesting also the existence of a two-electron intercalation reaction. Ex-situ X-ray powder diffraction data demonstrates that the crystalline structure of Na3FePO4CO3 remains stable during the charging/discharging process within the range 2.0–4.55 V. PMID:24595232

Effect of seismic activities on ion temperature in the F{sub 2} region of the ionosphere

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sharma, D.K.; Rai, J. [Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee (India); Chand, R.; Israil, M. [Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee (India)]. E-mail: ramesh20june@yahoo.co.in

2006-01-15

Ionospheric anomalies related to the seismic events have been analyzed in the present paper. The ionospheric ion temperature data recorded by the Retarded Potential Analyzer (RPA) payload aboard the Indian SROSS-C2 satellite are used for the period from January 1995 to December 1996. Earthquake events recorded in the region of interest from United State Geological Survey (USGS) were used to define the ionospheric ion temperature anomalies associated with the earthquake preparation, occurrence and relaxation. Ionospheric ion temperature data were analyzed in such a way that the anomalies due to other phenomena will not be masked over the temperature anomalies due to earthquakes. Ion temperature enhancements in the ionosphere were observed during earthquake events and few pre-post days to the events. The seismogenic vertical electric field propagation up to ionospheric height induces the Joule heating that may cause the ion temperature enhancement. [Spanish] En este articulo se analizan anomalias ionosfericas relacionadas con eventos sismicos. Se utilizaron los datos de temperatura ionosferica registrados por el Analizador Potencial Retrasado (RPA) del satelite hindu SROSS-C2 para el periodo de enero de 1995 a diciembre de 1996. Para definir las anomalias de la temperatura ionica de la ionosfera asociadas con la preparacion, ocurrencia y relajacion de los eventos sismicos se utilizaron los datos de estos eventos registrados por el Estudio Geologico de Estado Unido (USGS) para la region de interes. Los datos de temperatura ionica fueron analizados de manera que las anomalias debidas a otros fenomenos no enmascararan aquellas relacionadas con los eventos sismicos. La propagacion del campo electrico vertical sismogenico hacia la ionosfera induce el calentamiento joulico que podria causar el incremento de la temperatura ionica.

Artesanato na terceira idade: um estudo na cidade de Sinop no ano de 2011

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rosane Marlene Weber

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Essa pesquisa tem como objetivo mostrar a importância do artesanato na Terceira Idade como atividade educacional e de autonomia para os idosos. Por existir uma preocupação com a qualidade de vida da Terceira Idade e sua autonomia, nesta fase que muitos acabam ficando dependentes dos membros da família, espera-se encontrar através da arte uma motivação e uma forma de demonstrar a autoria por meio do fazer, criar e recriar com o artesanato. Aprender e ensinar são um processo contínuo na vida do ser humano, independente da idade, para Paulo Freire precisamos ter consciência de que somos inacabados, e sendo conscientes de nossa inconclusão, devemos viver num permanente movimento de busca. Essa é uma das causas pelas quais será pesquisada a prática formativa/educacional por meio do artesanato na Terceira Idade. Os motivos que levaram a escolha desta pesquisa com o artesanato na Terceira Idade é o fato de ter vivido uma experiência de trabalho na ala geriátrica de um hospital. Já o artesanato é a arte que fascina, e acreditamos que sempre há tempo para recomeçar, para descobrir algo que possa trazer qualidade para nossa vida. Devido ao crescimento cada vez maior da expectativa de vida em nosso país, cria-se uma preocupação com a qualidade de vida das pessoas da Terceira Idade. Em relação aos aspectos educacionais e culturais, esta pesquisa deseja compreender como o artesanato pode trazer motivação para as pessoas da Terceira Idade como forma de autoria e autonomia, nesta fase da vida, na cidade de Sinop, e quais os motivos que os levam a realizar esse tipo de atividade. Para investigação teórica desta pesquisa do Artesanato na Terceira Idade: um estudo na cidade de Sinop em 2011 usaremos bibliografia de vários autores, mas em especial os que dedicam seus estudos a esta faixa etária, como a coleção de Vivaidade, que tem como organizadora principal Anita Liberalesso Neri. Os autores desta coleção nos trazem a reflex

Biphasic voltage-dependent inactivation of human NaV 1.3, 1.6 and 1.7 Na+ channels expressed in rodent insulin-secreting cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Godazgar, Mahdieh; Zhang, Quan; Chibalina, Margarita V; Rorsman, Patrik

2018-05-01

Na + current inactivation is biphasic in insulin-secreting cells, proceeding with two voltage dependences that are half-maximal at ∼-100 mV and -60 mV. Inactivation of voltage-gated Na + (Na V ) channels occurs at ∼30 mV more negative voltages in insulin-secreting Ins1 and primary β-cells than in HEK, CHO or glucagon-secreting αTC1-6 cells. The difference in inactivation between Ins1 and non-β-cells persists in the inside-out patch configuration, discounting an involvement of a diffusible factor. In Ins1 cells and primary β-cells, but not in HEK cells, inactivation of a single Na V subtype is biphasic and follows two voltage dependences separated by 30-40 mV. We propose that Na V channels adopt different inactivation behaviours depending on the local membrane environment. Pancreatic β-cells are equipped with voltage-gated Na + channels that undergo biphasic voltage-dependent steady-state inactivation. A small Na + current component (10-15%) inactivates over physiological membrane potentials and contributes to action potential firing. However, the major Na + channel component is completely inactivated at -90 to -80 mV and is therefore inactive in the β-cell. It has been proposed that the biphasic inactivation reflects the contribution of different Na V α-subunits. We tested this possibility by expression of TTX-resistant variants of the Na V subunits found in β-cells (Na V 1.3, Na V 1.6 and Na V 1.7) in insulin-secreting Ins1 cells and in non-β-cells (including HEK and CHO cells). We found that all Na V subunits inactivated at 20-30 mV more negative membrane potentials in Ins1 cells than in HEK or CHO cells. The more negative inactivation in Ins1 cells does not involve a diffusible intracellular factor because the difference between Ins1 and CHO persisted after excision of the membrane. Na V 1.7 inactivated at 15--20 mV more negative membrane potentials than Na V 1.3 and Na V 1.6 in Ins1 cells but this small difference is insufficient to solely

A neural network potential energy surface for the NaH2 system and dynamics studies on the H(2S) + NaH(X1Σ+) → Na(2S) + H2(X1Σg+) reaction.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Shufen; Yuan, Jiuchuang; Li, Huixing; Chen, Maodu

2017-08-02

In order to study the dynamics of the reaction H( 2 S) + NaH(X 1 Σ + ) → Na( 2 S) + H 2 (X 1 Σ g + ), a new potential energy surface (PES) for the ground state of the NaH 2 system is constructed based on 35 730 ab initio energy points. Using basis sets of quadruple zeta quality, multireference configuration interaction calculations with Davidson correction were carried out to obtain the ab initio energy points. The neural network method is used to fit the PES, and the root mean square error is very small (0.00639 eV). The bond lengths, dissociation energies, zero-point energies and spectroscopic constants of H 2 (X 1 Σ g + ) and NaH(X 1 Σ + ) obtained on the new NaH 2 PES are in good agreement with the experiment data. On the new PES, the reactant coordinate-based time-dependent wave packet method is applied to study the reaction dynamics of H( 2 S) + NaH(X 1 Σ + ) → Na( 2 S) + H 2 (X 1 Σ g + ), and the reaction probabilities, integral cross-sections (ICSs) and differential cross-sections (DCSs) are obtained. There is no threshold in the reaction due to the absence of an energy barrier on the minimum energy path. When the collision energy increases, the ICSs decrease from a high value at low collision energy. The DCS results show that the angular distribution of the product molecules tends to the forward direction. Compared with the LiH 2 system, the NaH 2 system has a larger mass and the PES has a larger well at the H-NaH configuration, which leads to a higher ICS value in the H( 2 S) + NaH(X 1 Σ + ) → Na( 2 S) + H 2 (X 1 Σ g + ) reaction. Because the H( 2 S) + NaH(X 1 Σ + ) → Na( 2 S) + H 2 (X 1 Σ g + ) reaction releases more energy, the product molecules can be excited to a higher vibrational state.

Effect of chloride substitution on the order–disorder transition in NaBH{sub 4} and Na{sup 11}BD{sub 4}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Olsen, Jørn Eirik [Institute for Energy Technology, Physics Department, P.O. Box 40, NO-2027 Kjeller (Norway); Karen, Pavel [University of Oslo, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo (Norway); Sørby, Magnus H. [Institute for Energy Technology, Physics Department, P.O. Box 40, NO-2027 Kjeller (Norway); Hauback, Bjørn C., E-mail: bjorn.hauback@ife.no [Institute for Energy Technology, Physics Department, P.O. Box 40, NO-2027 Kjeller (Norway)

2014-02-25

Graphical abstract: Interactions that order the BD{sub 4}{sup -} tetrahedra below the order–disorder transition became increasingly frustrated by the solute in the Na({sup 11}BD{sub 4}){sub 1−x}Cl{sub x} solid solutions, and the order disappears at x = 0.158. Highlights: • The order–disorder transition temperature for Na(BH{sub 4}){sub 1−x}Cl{sub x} and Na({sup 11}BD{sub 4}){sub 1−x}Cl{sub x} is highly dependent on the Cl-content, x. • The transition is characterized by DSC for Na({sup 11}BD{sub 4}){sub 1−x}Cl{sub x} for x = 0, 0.10 and 0.15. • No transition is observed for x ⩾ 0.20 on cooling to 8 K. • The crystal structures are reported for Na{sup 11}BD{sub 4} at room temperature and 8 K and Na({sup 11}BD{sub 4}){sub 1−x}Cl{sub x} (x = 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25) at 8 K from powder neutron diffraction. -- Abstract: Phase transition associated with anion disordering over two orientations in Na{sup 11}BD{sub 4} (NaBH{sub 4}) and its solid solutions with NaCl, Na({sup 11}BD{sub 4}){sub 1−x}Cl{sub x}, is investigated with powder diffraction (neutron and synchrotron radiation), differential scanning calorimetry and Raman spectroscopy. Upon heating, the transition temperature extrapolated to zero rate of heating is 192.2 K for Na{sup 11}BD{sub 4}, ΔS = 4.41 J/mol K, hysteresis 1.7 K and the volume increase 0.43%. Thermal parameters of the transition in Na({sup 11}BD{sub 4}){sub 1−x}Cl{sub x} follow a colligative-property model of an ideal solution, with x = 0.158(1) as the critical concentration at which the ordering interactions and the transition itself are eliminated. On approaching this limit, the tetragonal distortion of the ordered structure decreases somewhat towards the cubic average, and this is associated with a partial disorder of the tetrahedral anions seen by diffraction methods. In fact, a 3% disorder is already present in the pure solvent of the solid solution (Na{sup 11}BD{sub 4}) at 8 K.

TweetNaCl : a crypto library in 100 tweets

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bernstein, D.J.; van Gastel, B.; Janssen, W.; Lange, T.; Schwabe, P.; Smetsers, S.; Aranha, D.F.; Menezes, A.

2015-01-01

This paper introduces TweetNaCl, a compact reimplementation of the NaCl library, including all 25 of the NaCl functions used by applications. TweetNaCl is published on Twitter and fits into just 100 tweets; the tweets are available from anywhere, any time, in an unsuspicious way. Distribution via

Na7 [Fe2S6 ] , Na2 [FeS2 ] and Na2 [FeSe2 ] : New 'reduced' sodium chalcogenido ferrates

Science.gov (United States)

Stüble, Pirmin; Peschke, Simon; Johrendt, Dirk; Röhr, Caroline

2018-02-01

Three new 'reduced' FeII containing sodium chalcogenido ferrates were obtained applying a reductive synthetic route. The mixed-valent sulfido ferrate Na7 [Fe2S6 ] , which forms bar-shaped crystals with metallic greenish luster, was synthesized in pure phase from natural pyrite and elemental sodium at a maximum temperature of 800 °C. Its centrosymmetric triclinic structure (SG P 1 bar , a = 764.15(2), b = 1153.70(2), c = 1272.58(3) pm, α = 62.3325 (7) , β = 72.8345 (8) , γ = 84.6394 (8) ° , Z = 3, R1 = 0.0185) exhibits two crystallographically different [Fe2S6 ] 7 - dimers of edge-sharing [FeS4 ] tetrahedra, with somewhat larger Fe-S distances than in the fully oxidized FeIII dimers of e.g. Na6 [Fe2III S6 ] . In contrast to the localized AFM ordered pure di-ferrates(III), the Curie-Weiss behavior of the magnetic susceptibility proves the rarely observed valence-delocalized S = 9/2 state of the mixed-valent FeIII /FeII dimer. The nearly spin-only value of the magnetic moment combined with the chemical bonding not generally differing from that in pure ferrates(II) and (III), provides a striking argument, that the reduction of the local Fe spin moments observed in all condensed sulfido ferrate moieties is connected with the AFM spin ordering. The two isotypic ferrates(II) Na2 [FeS2 ] and Na2 [FeSe2 ] with chain-like structural units (SG Ibam, a = 643.54(8)/ 660.81(1), b = 1140.2(2)/1190.30(2) c = 562.90(6)/585.59(1) pm, Z = 4, R1 = 0.0372/0.0466) crystallize in the K2 [ZnO2 ] -type structure. Although representing merely further members of the common series of chalcogenido metallates(II) Na2 [MIIQ2 ] , these two new phases, together with Na6 [FeS4 ] and Li2 [FeS2 ] , are the only examples of pure FeII alkali chalcogenido ferrates. The new compounds allow for a general comparison of di- and chain ferrates(II) and (III) and mixed-valent analogs concerning the electronic and magnetic properties (including Heisenberg super-exchange and double-exchange interactions

Estudo comparativo da apresentação clínica da pneumonia a Legionella e outras pneumonias adquiridas na comuuidade

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nieves Sopena

1998-11-01

cefaleias, confusão mental e a diarreia predominam na pneumonia a LP, em que é frequente o envolvimento multissistémico (rim. figado e sistema nervoso (1,9,10.Nos doentes com PAC a LP, os valores de hiponatrémia (37 U/L e dos níveis de CK (>232 U/L foram significativamente superiores aos obtidos nas PAC de outra etiologia, embora apenas nos valores de Natrémia e creatina Kinase as diferenças tenham sido estatisticamente significativas. Outros trabalhos têm rcferido que a encefalopatia, a hiponatrémia, a hematuria microscópica, as anomalias da função renal e hepática surgem com mais frequência na pneumonia a LP que noutras pneumonias (1.Não se encontraram diferenças radiológicas significativas em ambos os grupos de pneumonias adquiridas na comunidade (8, tal como verificado noutros trabalhos (1.Pode concluir-se que perante urn doente com urn quadro clinico sugestivo de Pneumonia grave adquirida na comunidade, há algumas características clínicas e laboratoriais que permitem urn diagnóstico de presunção de pneumonia a Legione/la pneumophila, sendo mandatório nestes casos (7 o inicio de terapêutica empírica com urn macrólido.Convém ser-se criterioso, permanecendo contudo dificil a decisão terapêutica dos doentes com pneumonia adquirida na comunidade. Se por urn lado se corre o risco de não tratar adequada e precocemente uma PAC aLP que pode ter uma cvolução grave, por outro lado, o uso sistematico de determinado grupo de farmacos sem indicação para tal, conduz ao perigo de aumcnto da resistencia antibiótica, como se tern verificado na última decada relativamente à eritrornicina (11. Palavras-chave: lnfecçõcs adquiridas na comunidade, Legionella pneumophila, Pneumonia, Bacteriana, Key-words: Community-acquired infections, Legionella pneumophila, Pncumonia, Bacterial

ZAZNAVA IN VPLIV BARV NA PRIMERU TISKANIH OGLASOV

OpenAIRE

Spes, Katja

2015-01-01

V diplomski nalogi smo s pomočjo literature opisali simboliko osnovnih barv, vpliv, ki ga imajo na ljudi, ter njihov pomen v oglasnih sporočilih. Omejili smo se na tiskane oglase (plakate, časopise, revije, neposredno pošto in embalažo) in opisali njihove prednosti in slabosti. Z anketnim vprašalnikom smo ugotavljali, na katere barve smo najbolj pozorni in katerim lastnostim se posamezne barve bolj približajo. Osredotočili smo se na sedem barv

Lipopolysaccharide hyperpolarizes guinea pig airway epithelium by increasing the activities of the epithelial Na(+) channel and the Na(+)-K(+) pump.

Science.gov (United States)

Dodrill, Michael W; Fedan, Jeffrey S

2010-10-01

Earlier, we found that systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 4 mg/kg) hyperpolarized the transepithelial potential difference (V(t)) of tracheal epithelium in the isolated, perfused trachea (IPT) of the guinea pig 18 h after injection. As well, LPS increased the hyperpolarization component of the response to basolateral methacholine, and potentiated the epithelium-derived relaxing factor-mediated relaxation responses to hyperosmolar solutions applied to the apical membrane. We hypothesized that LPS stimulates the transepithelial movement of Na(+) via the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC)/Na(+)-K(+) pump axis, leading to hyperpolarization of V(t). LPS increased the V(t)-depolarizing response to amiloride (10 μM), i.e., offset the effect of LPS, indicating that Na(+) transport activity was increased. The functional activity of ENaC was measured in the IPT after short-circuiting the Na(+)-K(+) pump with basolateral amphotericin B (7.5 μM). LPS had no effect on the hyperpolarization response to apical trypsin (100 U/ml) in the Ussing chamber, indicating that channel-activating proteases are not involved in the LPS-induced activation of ENaC. To assess Na(+)-K(+) pump activity in the IPT, ENaC was short-circuited with apical amphotericin B. The greater V(t) in the presence of amphotericin B in tracheas from LPS-treated animals compared with controls revealed that LPS increased Na(+)-K(+) pump activity. This finding was confirmed in the Ussing chamber by inhibiting the Na(+)-K(+) pump via extracellular K(+) removal, loading the epithelium with Na(+), and observing a greater hyperpolarization response to K(+) restoration. Together, the findings of this study reveal that LPS hyperpolarizes the airway epithelium by increasing the activities of ENaC and the Na(+)-K(+) pump.

Redetermination of Na(3)TaF(8).

Science.gov (United States)

Langer, Vratislav; Smrcok, Lubomír; Boca, Miroslav

2010-09-01

The crystal structure of trisodium octafluoridotantalate, Na(3)TaF(8), has been redetermined using diffractometer data collected at 153 K, resulting in more accurate bond distances and angles than obtained from a previous structure determination based on film data. The structure is built from layers running along [101], which are formed by distorted [TaF(8)] antiprisms and [NaF(6)] rectangular bipyramids sharing edges and corners. The individual layers are separated by eight-coordinated Na ions. Two atoms in the asymmetric unit are in special positions: the Ta atom is on a twofold axis in Wyckoff position 4e and one of the Na ions lies on an inversion centre in Wyckoff site 4d.

ser precoce na intervenção

OpenAIRE

Bernardo, Ana Carolina Couto

2013-01-01

Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências da Educação: Educação Especial, área de especialização em Domínio da Intervenção Precoce na Infância Este estudo centra-se na implementação de uma Escola de Mães, programa de educação parental realizado em seis sessões na freguesia de Calhetas, ilha de S. Miguel, e na avaliação comparativa, anterior e posterior ao programa, das três mães participantes no que...

Na+/H+ exchange activity in the plasma membrane of Arabidopsis.

Science.gov (United States)

Qiu, Quan-Sheng; Barkla, Bronwyn J; Vera-Estrella, Rosario; Zhu, Jian-Kang; Schumaker, Karen S

2003-06-01

In plants, Na+/H+ exchangers in the plasma membrane are critical for growth in high levels of salt, removing toxic Na+ from the cytoplasm by transport out of the cell. The molecular identity of a plasma membrane Na+/H+ exchanger in Arabidopsis (SOS1) has recently been determined. In this study, immunological analysis provided evidence that SOS1 localizes to the plasma membrane of leaves and roots. To characterize the transport activity of this protein, purified plasma membrane vesicles were isolated from leaves of Arabidopsis. Na+/H+ exchange activity, monitored as the ability of Na to dissipate an established pH gradient, was absent in plants grown without salt. However, exchange activity was induced when plants were grown in 250 mm NaCl and increased with prolonged salt exposure up to 8 d. H+-coupled exchange was specific for Na, because chloride salts of other monovalent cations did not dissipate the pH gradient. Na+/H+ exchange activity was dependent on Na (substrate) concentration, and kinetic analysis indicated that the affinity (apparent Km) of the transporter for Na+ is 22.8 mm. Data from two experimental approaches supports electroneutral exchange (one Na+ exchanged for one proton): (a) no change in membrane potential was measured during the exchange reaction, and (b) Na+/H+ exchange was unaffected by the presence or absence of a membrane potential. Results from this research provide a framework for future studies into the regulation of the plant plasma membrane Na+/H+ exchanger and its relative contribution to the maintenance of cellular Na+ homeostasis during plant growth in salt.

Thermophysical properties of Na2Th (MoO4)3 (s) and Na4Th (MoO4)4 (s)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dash, Smruti; Rakshit, S.K.; Singh, Ziley; Keskar, Meera; Dahale, N.D.

2009-01-01

The heat capacity of Na 2 Th (MoO 4 ) 3 (s) and Na 4 Th (MoO 4 ) 4 (s) have been measured by differential scanning calorimeter in the temperature range 318 to 845 K. The corresponding values are: C p,m (Na 2 Th (MoO 4 ) 3 ,s,T) (JK-1 mol-1) 368.710+ 1.0 10-1 (T/K) - 4950267 (K/T)2 (318 ≤ T (K) ≤ 845). C p,m (Na 4 Th (MoO 4 ) 4 ,s,T) (JK-1 mol-1) = 638.761+ 5.12 10-3 (T/K) - 12691691 (K/T)-2 (318 ≤ T (K) ≤ 845). Experimental heat capacity values for Na 2 Th (MoO 4 ) 3 (s) match reasonably well with that of additive oxide values. But C p,m (T) values of Na 4 Th (MoO 4 ) 4 (s) deviates substantially from the additive oxide values above 700 K. The uncertainty of the measurements reported in this study is calculated to be within 1 to 3 % . (author)

Optimization and kinetics decomposition of monazite using NaOH

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

MV Purwani; Suyanti; Deddy Husnurrofiq

2015-01-01

Decomposition of monazite with NaOH has been done. Decomposition performed at high temperature on furnace. The parameters studied were the comparison NaOH / monazite, temperature and time decomposition. From the research decomposition for 100 grams of monazite with NaOH, it can be concluded that the greater the ratio of NaOH / monazite, the greater the conversion. In the temperature influences decomposition 400 - 700°C, the greater the reaction rate constant with increasing temperature greater decomposition. Comparison NaOH / monazite optimum was 1.5 and the optimum time of 3 hours. Relations ratio NaOH / monazite with conversion (x) following the polynomial equation y = 0.1579x 2 – 0.2855x + 0.8301 (y = conversion and x = ratio of NaOH/monazite). Decomposition reaction of monazite with NaOH was second orde reaction, the relationship between temperature (T) with a reaction rate constant (k), k = 6.106.e - 1006.8 /T or ln k = - 1006.8/T + 6.106, frequency factor A = 448.541, activation energy E = 8.371 kJ/mol. (author)

The loss of Na and Cl during the pyrolysis of a NaCl-loaded brown coal sample

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mody, D.; Li, C.Z.

1999-07-01

A Victorian brown coal was physically loaded with NaCl and pyrolyzed in a quartz fluidized-bed reactor. The fluidized-bed reactor was equipped with a quartz frit in the freeboard zone to enable the total devolatilization of the coal particles. The introduction of NaCl into the coal has caused only minor reductions in the weight loss. A significant amount of chlorine was volatilized during pyrolysis at temperatures as low as 200 C. At temperatures around 400--500 C where the loss of sodium was not very significant, about 70% of chlorine was volatilized from the coal particles. With the volatilization of chlorine at this temperature level, sodium must have been bonded to the char matrix. With increasing temperature, the volatilization of chlorine decreased and then increased again, whereas the volatilization of sodium increased monotonically with increasing temperature. Almost all the Na in coal could be volatilized at temperatures higher than about 800 C. These experimental results clearly indicate that chlorine and Na interacted strongly with coal/char at high temperatures. Na and Cl in the coal did not volatilize as NaCl molecules. Significant amounts of species containing a COO-group such as acetate, formate and oxalate were observed in the pyrolysis products although the exact forms of these species (i.e., as acids, salts or esters) in the pyrolysis product remain unknown. The yields of the species containing a COO-group decreased with increasing temperature, possibly due to the intensified thermal cracking reactions at high temperatures.

Avaliação do tratamento térmico na composição química e na qualidade da cajuína Evaluation of the thermal treatment on the chemical composition and quality of "cajuína" beverage

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ronaldo Ferreira do Nascimento

2003-08-01

Full Text Available Neste trabalho foi estudado o efeito do processo de tratamento térmico na qualidade e composição química da bebida cajuína quando submetida ao cozimento sob temperatura constante de 100ºC durante 1:00, 1:30, 2:00, 2:30, 3:00 e 4:00 horas. Alíquotas foram coletadas em cada tempo de aquecimento e analisadas por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE em relação aos ácidos (cítrico e ascórbico, aldeídos furânicos (5-hidroximetilfurfural e furfural e açúcares (frutose, glicose e frutose. Os resultados foram reprodutíveis e indicaram que as cajuínas comerciais do estado do Ceará apresentam uma grande diversidade quanto ao processo de cozimento e ao teor de vitamina C, causados principalmente por processos térmicos inadequados. O tempo mais adequado sugerido para o "cozimento" da cajuína está em torno de 2:00h. O trabalho também aponta a combinação das análises de 5-HMF, furfural, ácido ascórbico e teor de ácido ascórbico/ácido cítrico como uma metodologia alternativa para a avaliação da qualidade da cajuína.In this work the effect of the thermal process on the quality and chemical composition of the beverage cajuína was studied. Cajuína is basically clarified cashew juice. Samples of cajuína were submitted to thermal processes, of constant heating (100ºC for 1:00, 1:30, 2:00, 2:30, 3:00 and 4:00 hours. The samples were subsequently analyzed by HPLC for glucose, fructose, citric acid, ascorbic acid, hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF and furfural. The results showed that the commercial cajuína beverage of Ceará State presented a great diversity in process standardization and vitamin C content, caused by inadequate thermal processing. The process is more efficient with a time period of 2:00hs. The work also indicates a combination of the analyses of 5-HMF, furfural and ascorbic acid and the ratio ascorbic acid/citric acid, as an alternative methodology for the evaluation of cajuína quality.

Measurement and modeling of CO2 solubility in NaCl brine and CO2–saturated NaCl brine density

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Yan, Wei; Huang, Shengli; Stenby, Erling Halfdan

2011-01-01

over climate change and energy security. This work is an experimental and modeling study of two fundamental properties in high pressure CO2–NaCl brine equilibrium, i.e., CO2 solubility in NaCl brine and CO2–saturated NaCl brine density. A literature review of the available data was presented first...

Five ab initio potential energy and dipole moment surfaces for hydrated NaCl and NaF. I. Two-body interactions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, Yimin; Bowman, Joel M.; Kamarchik, Eugene

2016-01-01

We report full-dimensional, ab initio-based potentials and dipole moment surfaces for NaCl, NaF, Na + H 2 O, F − H 2 O, and Cl − H 2 O. The NaCl and NaF potentials are diabatic ones that dissociate to ions. These are obtained using spline fits to CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pV5Z energies. In addition, non-linear least square fits using the Born-Mayer-Huggins potential are presented, providing accurate parameters based strictly on the current ab initio energies. The long-range behavior of the NaCl and NaF potentials is shown to go, as expected, accurately to the point-charge Coulomb interaction. The three ion-H 2 O potentials are permutationally invariant fits to roughly 20 000 coupled cluster CCSD(T) energies (awCVTZ basis for Na + and aVTZ basis for Cl − and F − ), over a large range of distances and H 2 O intramolecular configurations. These potentials are switched accurately in the long range to the analytical ion-dipole interactions, to improve computational efficiency. Dipole moment surfaces are fits to MP2 data; for the ion-ion cases, these are well described in the intermediate- and long-range by the simple point-charge expression. The performance of these new fits is examined by direct comparison to additional ab initio energies and dipole moments along various cuts. Equilibrium structures, harmonic frequencies, and electronic dissociation energies are also reported and compared to direct ab initio results. These indicate the high fidelity of the new PESs.

Threshold oxygen levels in Na(I) for the formation of NaCrO 2(s) on 18-8 stainless steels from accurate thermodynamic measurements

Science.gov (United States)

Sreedharan, O. M.; Madan, B. S.; Gnanamoorthy, J. B.

1983-12-01

The compound NaCrO 2(s) is an important corrosion product in sodium-cooled LMFBRs. The standard Gibbs energy of formation of NaCrO 2(s) is required for the computation of threshold oxygen levels in Na(1) for the formation of NaCrO 2(s) on 18-8 stainless steels. For this purpose the emf of the galvanic cell: Pt, NaCrO 2, Cr 2O 3, Na 2CrO 4/15 YSZ/O 2 ( P O 2 = 0.21 atm, air), Pt was measured over 784-1012 K to be: (E±4.4)(mV) = 483.67-0.34155 T(K). From this, the standard Gibbs energy of formation of NaCrO 2(s) from the elements ( ΔG f,T0) and from the oxides ( ΔG f,OX,T0) was calculated to be: [ΔG f,T0(NaCrO 2, s)±1.86] (kJ/mol) =-869.98 + 0.18575 T(K) , [ΔG f,OX,T0(NaCr0 2, s)±4.8] (kJ/mol) = -104.25-0.00856 T(K) . The molar heat capacity, C P0, of NaCrO 2(s) was measured by DSC to be (350-600 K): C P0(NaCrO 2, s) (J/K mol) = 27.15 + 0.1247 T (K) , From these data, values of -99.3 kJ/mol and 91.6 J/K mol were computed for ΔH f,2980 and S 2980 of NaCrO 2(s). The internal consistency was checked with the use of enthalpy data on Na 2CrO 4(s). From the standard Gibbs energy of formation of NaCrO 2(s) the equation logC 0(wppm) = 3.9905-3147.6 T(K) was derived, where C 0 is the threshold oxygen level for the formation of NaCrO 2(s) on 18-8 stainless steels.

PRIMERJAVA GEODETSKIH METOD NA ZAHTEVNEM GRADBENEM OBJEKTU

OpenAIRE

Reberčnik, Matic

2017-01-01

V projektni nalogi smo v uvodnih poglavjih predstavili različne načine izvajanja geodetskih meritev, ki jih v gradbeništvu uporabljamo pri analizi pomikov in deformacij gradbenih konstrukcij ter terena, na katerem so le-te postavljene. V nadaljevanju opisujemo terestične in GNSS (globalni navigacijski satelitski sistem) metode, ki smo jih uporabljali pri izvajanju meritev na izbranem premostitvenem objektu avtocestnega odseka v Sloveniji (zaradi varovanja podatkov ga imenujemo Objekt 1). Pod...

Synthesis of Li(x)Na(2-x)Mn2S3 and LiNaMnS2 through redox-induced ion exchange reactions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Luthy, Joshua A.; Goodman, Phillip L.; Martin, Benjamin R.

2009-01-01

Na 2 Mn 2 S 3 was oxidatively deintercalated using iodine in acetonitrile to yield Na 1.3 Mn 2 S 3 , with lattice constants nearly identical to that of the reactant. Lithium was then reductively intercalated into the oxidized product to yield Li 0.7 Na 1.3 Mn 2 S 3 . When heated, this metastable compound decomposed to form a new crystalline compound, LiNaMnS 2 , along with MnS and residual Na 2 Mn 2 S 3 . Single crystal X-ray diffraction structural analysis of LiNaMnS 2 revealed that this compound crystallizes in P-3m1 with cell parameters a=4.0479(6) A, c=6.7759(14) A, V=96.15(3) A 3 (Z=1, wR2=0.0367) in the NaLiCdS 2 structure-type. - Graphical abstract: Structure of LiNaMnS 2 . Li and Mn are statistically distributed in edge-shared tetrahedral environments linked into infinite planes. Sodium ions occupy interlayer sites

Número de amostras na análise geoestatística e na krigagem de mapas de atributos do solo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zigomar Menezes de Souza

2014-02-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar diferentes intensidades de amostragem do solo com relação à precisão na análise geoestatística e interpolação de mapas, para fins de agricultura de precisão em área de cana-de-açúcar. O solo foi coletado em duas grades regulares na profundidade de 0,00-0,20m para análise granulométrica (área 1 e da fertilidade do solo (área 2. Foram comparadas intensidades de amostragem do solo: 208, 105, 58 e 24 pontos na área 1 e 206, 102 e 53 pontos na área 2. Os dados foram submetidos à análise descritiva e geoestatística. Os variogramas construídos com 105 pontos não diferem dos variogramas com 208 pontos, fato que não ocorre para 58 e 24 pontos. O aumento do intervalo de amostragem e a redução do número de pontos promovem o maior erro na estimativa por krigagem. As amostragens com mais de 100 pontos por área não resultaram em melhorias significativas no erro da estimativa por krigagem, nem diferiram na quantidade de insumos aplicados em campo.

Corpo-escrita na esquizofrenia

OpenAIRE

Bialer, Marina

2014-01-01

Este artigo aborda a importância do trabalho de escrita na esquizofrenia. Toma-se como ponto de partida a formulação lacaniana sobre o esquizofrênico como aquele que não tem as funções dos órgãos do seu corpo dadas pelos discursos estabelecidos. A hipótese de que o trabalho sobre a letra pode permitir o tratamento do gozo debordante na esquizofrenia é analisada pelo estudo da obra do escritor esquizofrênico Robert Walser, a qual evidencia a viabilidade da construção de um corpo pela escrita n...

Chemisorption of Na on the Ti Nanoparticle surface and its effects on the Na-H{sub 2}O reaction reactivity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kim, Soo Jae; Park, Gunyeop; Baek, Jehyun; Park, Hyun Sun [POSTECH, Pohang (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Moo Hwan [Korea institute of Nuclear Safety, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

2015-10-15

This accident showed that elimination of SWR risk should be one of the most significant design criteria for the development of safe SFRs. Design solutions to ensure isolation of the Na from the water have been proposed; these include double-walled structures in the steam generator and at coolant boundaries and guard vessels or guard piping lines filled with inert gas. However, those methods cannot be ultimate solutions because the system still has a possibility of failure. An alternative approach to reduce the severity of the SWR is to reduce the reactivity of Na. Recently, this goal has been achieved by suspending a small amount of Ti nanoparticles (NPs) in liquid Na. Adding 2 at% of 10-nm Ti NPs in liquid Na reduced the heat of the reaction up to 80% and H{sub 2} production rate by 10%. The number of adsorbed Na atoms onto Ti NPs with respect to the various temperature and pressure was calculated by using ab-initio and thermodynamics. Furthermore, the model which relates the Na chemisorption and SWR reactivity was proposed. The repression of SWR by Ti NPs was expected to be caused by strong chemical interaction between Ti NP surface and Na atoms; ab initio calculation using density functional theory and atomistic thermodynamic approach were conducted to test this hypothesis. Adsorption of 0.25ML Na at hcp hollow sites was the most favorable adsorption surface state and strong chemical adsorption was confirmed by the adsorption energy of -1.65 eV. A covalent-like metallic bond was confirmed between adsorbed Na and Ti atoms on the Ti(0001) surface; this bond affects the hydration energy of Na atoms and the activation barrier of the SWR. Using adsorption energy from the ab-initio calculation and atomistic thermodynamics, the thermodynamically most stable adsorption state at (T,P) was determined Na chemisorption effect on the SWR reactivity regression rate is modeled. The model predict χ variation with respect to time well especially dramatic reduction of χ; the �

O apelo ecológico na propaganda como fator de influência na atitude de compra do consumidor: um estudo experimental

OpenAIRE

Santos, João Maurício

2010-01-01

Este estudo examinou o apelo ecológico utilizado na propaganda como influenciador na atitude de compra do consumidor, tendo em vista que nas duas últimas décadas houve um crescimento nos anúncios que utilizam este tipo de apelo, demonstrando que, pelo surgimento de um novo nicho de mercado, empresas têm se valido do marketing verde e da influência normativa na sua estratégia de marketing. Buscou-se investigar se efetivamente o uso do apelo ecológico na propaganda influencia pos...

Dejavniki psihološkega nasilja na delovnem mestu

OpenAIRE

Ilc, Teja

2011-01-01

Raziskave na področju delovnih razmer kažejo, da je danes pereč problem ravno psihološko nasilje na delovnem mestu. Posebna oblika psihološkega nasilja na delovnem mestu je mobing, s katerim se v praksi srečujemo vsak dan, vendar se ga pogosto ne zavedamo. Namen magistrske naloge je pojasniti pojem in pomen mobinga v delovnih organizacijah, poiskati možne vzroke in posledice, ki vplivajo na ta pojav, ter predlagati rešitve. Poznavanje mehanizmov, ki povzročajo mobing, njegovih vzrokov in...

Anisotropy and polarization in charge changing collisions of C4+ with Na(3s) and laser aligned Na(3p)

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Hoekstra, R; Morgenstern, R; Olson, RE

1996-01-01

Absolute cross sections for C3+(6-->5) emission at 465.7 nm after collisions of C4+ ions with ground state Na(3s) and laser excited aligned Na(Sp) atoms are measured over the collision energy range of 3-7 keV amu(-1). For Na(3s) polarizations are observed by measuring the linear polarization of the

Efeito da dexametasona e do cetoprofeno na osteogênese e na resistência óssea em ratos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patrícia Costa dos Santos da Silva

2012-04-01

Full Text Available O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do cetoprofeno e da dexametasona na osteogênese ao redor de implante de hidroxiapatita densa (HAD na tíbia, no osso parietal, e na resistência óssea. Utilizaram-se 15 ratos Wistar, pesando 250±30 g, com 50 dias de idade. Após a anestesia com quetamina/xilazina IM, produziuse no osso parietal e na epífise proximal da tíbia uma cavidade de 3 mm, sendo implantada a HAD. Após a cirurgia os animais foram divididos em três grupos (n=5: controle (CT, anti-inflamatório não esteroidal (AINES e anti-inflamatório esteroidal (AIES. O grupo AINES foi submetido ao tratamento com cetoprofeno na dose de 12 mg/Kg/dia, o AIES recebeu doses de 0,10 mg/kg/dia de dexametasona o grupo CT recebeu solução fisiológica 0,9% (SF por via subcutânea durante 30 dias. Todos os grupos receberam a mesma dieta sólida e água ad libitum. Após 30 dias de experimento os animais sofreram eutanásia, os fêmures coletados, para teste mecânico, e os locais do implante das tíbias e o osso parietal, para análise histomorfométrica. Os grupos AINES e AIES apresentaram menor volume de osso neoformado na falha óssea e ao redor do implante de HAD , como também, menor força máxima para a ruptura completa dos fêmures, quando comparados com o grupo CT. O uso do cetoprofeno e a dexametasona interferiram na osteogênese ao redor do implante de HAD e no osso parietal, diminuindo a resistência óssea principalmente pela inibição da COX2 e diminuição das prostaglandinas, comprometendo a estabilidade e manutenção do implante.

Nalaz tombusvirusa na vrsti Erigeron canadensis L.

OpenAIRE

Jeknić, Zoran; Erić, Živojin; Grbelja, Julijana

1988-01-01

Iz listova zaraženih primjeraka korovne biljke Erigeron canadensis L. koji su rasli na nekoliko lokaliteta u Sarajevu izoliran je virus iz skupine tombusvirusi. Identifikacija virusa izvršena je na osnovi reakcije pokusnih biljaka, analize ultratankih presjeka kroz zaraženo tkivo, morfologije i veličine virusnih čestica, te na osnovi seroloških reakcija metodom dvostruke imunodifuzije u agarskom gelu i čvrsto fazne imunoelektronske mikroskopije (SPIEM). U serološkim pokusima upotrijebljen je ...

Transcriptional regulators of Na, K-ATPase subunits

OpenAIRE

Zhiqin eLi; Sigrid A Langhans

2015-01-01

The Na,K-ATPase classically serves as an ion pump creating an electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane that is essential for transepithelial transport, nutrient uptake and membrane potential. In addition, Na,K-ATPase also functions as a receptor, a signal transducer and a cell adhesion molecule. With such diverse roles, it is understandable that the Na,K-ATPase subunits, the catalytic alpha-subunit, the beta-subunit and the FXYD proteins, are controlled extensively during developme...

NaIrO3-A pentavalent post-perovskite

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bremholm, M.; Dutton, S.E.; Stephens, P.W.; Cava, R.J.

2011-01-01

Sodium iridium (V) oxide, NaIrO 3, was synthesized by a high pressure solid state method and recovered to ambient conditions. It is found to be isostructural with CaIrO 3 , the much-studied structural analog of the high-pressure post-perovskite phase of MgSiO 3 . Among the oxide post-perovskites, NaIrO 3 is the first example with a pentavalent cation. The structure consists of layers of corner- and edge-sharing IrO 6 octahedra separated by layers of NaO 8 bicapped trigonal prisms. NaIrO 3 shows no magnetic ordering and resistivity measurements show non-metallic behavior. The crystal structure, electrical and magnetic properties are discussed and compared to known post-perovskites and pentavalent perovskite metal oxides. -- Graphical abstract: Sodium iridium(V) oxide, NaIrO 3 , synthesized by a high pressure solid state method and recovered to ambient conditions is found to crystallize as the post-perovskite structure and is the first example of a pentavalent ABO 3 post-perovskite. Research highlights: → NaIrO 3 post-perovskite stabilized by pressure. → First example of a pentavalent oxide post-perovskite. → Non-metallic and non-magnetic behavior of NaIrO 3 .

LiVO/sub 3/-Li/sub 2/Mo(W)O/sub 4/ and NaVO/sub 3/-Na/sub 2/Cr(Mo)O/sub 4/ systems

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Belyaev, I N; Lupeiko, T G; Vyalikova, V I [Rostovskij-na-Donu Gosudarstvennyj Univ. (USSR)

1975-09-01

The systems LiVO/sub 3/-Li/sub 2/MoO/sub 4/, LiVO/sub 3/-Li/sub 2/WO/sub 4/, NaNO/sub 3/-Na/sub 2/CrO/sub 4/, NaNO/sub 3/-Na/sub 2/MoO/sub 4/ were studied with thermographic and partially visual polythermal methods of physical and chemical analyses. Except NaVO/sub 3/-Na/sub 2/MoO/sub 4/ all investigated systems are eutectic ones with limited solid solutions on the basis of some component; the eutectics melt at 542, 544, 550/sup 0/C and contain 25, 20 and 26% of Li/sub 2/MoO/sub 4/, Li/sub 2/WO/sub 4/ and Na/sub 2/CrO/sub 4/ respectively. The system NaNO/sub 3/-Na/sub 2/MoO/sub 4/ contains compound 18 NaVO/sub 3/.11Na/sub 2/MoO/sub 4/ congruently melting at 570/sup 0/C. Two eutectics of the system have melting points at 542 and 548/sup 0/C and contain 47 and 67% of Na/sub 2/MoO/sub 4/.

DRUŽBENA OMREŽJA NA INTERNETU

OpenAIRE

Ploj, Alen

2013-01-01

Družbena omrežja na spletu so zadnje čase zelo popularen način posredne komunikacije in predstavljajo naš vsakdan. Uporaba je enostavna in hitra, učinkovitost pa neverjetna. Zaradi priljubljenosti družbenih omrežij se njihove uporabe poslužujejo tudi različne organizacije, ki z njihovo pomočjo širijo obseg svojega delovanja ter obveščanja uporabnikov o svojih izdelkih/storitvah (marketing). Kot vsako donosno tržišče je tudi internetno tržišče nasičeno z družbenimi omrežji, ki ponujajo najr...

O Platonismo de Russell na metafísica e na matemática

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Guido Imaguire

2005-06-01

Full Text Available Neste artigo, analiso o surgimento e a superação do Platonismo em B. Russell, tanto na sua filosofia da matemática como na sua metafísica. Começo por explicitar os argumentos que levaram Russell a aderir ao chamado "Platonismo Proposicional" - posição que será tecnicamente relevante na definição de números. Na seção seguinte, discutirei até que ponto a teoria das descrições definidas determina, necessariamente, uma adesão ao nominalismo, e as dificuldades que surgem para o logicismo conseqüentes do abandono do platonismo. Finalmente, mostrarei como a posição madura de Russell caracteriza-se mais como um reducionismo do que propriamente como um nominalismo, e como este é fundado no princípio do mínimo vocabulário.In this paper, I analyze the emergence and the overcoming of Platonism both in Russell's philosophy of mathematics and his metaphysics. I begin by examining the arguments which led Russell to endorse a position that I term "Propositional Platonism" - this position proves to be relevant for Russell's definition of numbers. In the following section, I address the question of the extent to which Russell's theory of descriptions implies the acceptance of nominalism. Moreover, I examine the difficulties which arise for logicism, if it no longer goes hand in hand with platonism. Finally, I argue argue that Russell's mature position is to be characterized as a form of reductionism rather than as a variant of nominalism

Five ab initio potential energy and dipole moment surfaces for hydrated NaCl and NaF. I. Two-body interactions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang, Yimin, E-mail: yimin.wang@emory.edu; Bowman, Joel M., E-mail: jmbowma@emory.edu [Department of Chemistry, Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322 (United States); Kamarchik, Eugene, E-mail: eugene.kamarchik@gmail.com [Quantum Pomegranate, LLC, 2604 Kings Lake Court NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30345 (United States)

2016-03-21

We report full-dimensional, ab initio-based potentials and dipole moment surfaces for NaCl, NaF, Na{sup +}H{sub 2}O, F{sup −}H{sub 2}O, and Cl{sup −}H{sub 2}O. The NaCl and NaF potentials are diabatic ones that dissociate to ions. These are obtained using spline fits to CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pV5Z energies. In addition, non-linear least square fits using the Born-Mayer-Huggins potential are presented, providing accurate parameters based strictly on the current ab initio energies. The long-range behavior of the NaCl and NaF potentials is shown to go, as expected, accurately to the point-charge Coulomb interaction. The three ion-H{sub 2}O potentials are permutationally invariant fits to roughly 20 000 coupled cluster CCSD(T) energies (awCVTZ basis for Na{sup +} and aVTZ basis for Cl{sup −} and F{sup −}), over a large range of distances and H{sub 2}O intramolecular configurations. These potentials are switched accurately in the long range to the analytical ion-dipole interactions, to improve computational efficiency. Dipole moment surfaces are fits to MP2 data; for the ion-ion cases, these are well described in the intermediate- and long-range by the simple point-charge expression. The performance of these new fits is examined by direct comparison to additional ab initio energies and dipole moments along various cuts. Equilibrium structures, harmonic frequencies, and electronic dissociation energies are also reported and compared to direct ab initio results. These indicate the high fidelity of the new PESs.

Recovery of the heavy elements by NaY AND NaZSM-5 sorbant materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nibou, D.; Lebail, S.

1997-04-01

Porous sorbants as zeolites have a several applications in differents fiels: industrial gas purification, catalysis, transformation hydrocarbures prosesses and exchange ions. The hiogh capacity to exchange their cations with those of aqueous solutions was known (1). Since the accession of synthetic zeolites, these silicates have invaded the market and the firstindustrial applications were in exchange field. Studies at Battelle Northwest in Rchland, Washington have shown that zeolites may be used in treatment of radioactive wastes (2). The used method for storing the isotopes is based on selective removal by ion exchange. Clinoptilolite, zeolite (modernite), NaA, and AW-500 have been used. In this context, the present work deals with the recovery of heavy metals like lead and uranium using some microporous materials. The obtained results show that NaY faujasite and NaZSM-5 of the FAU- and MFI-type structure respectively are very effective in removing these elements from waste water

Hali ya taaluma ya ukalimani Tanzania: jana, leo na kesho ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Umuhimu wa ukalimani katika mawasiliano umeongezeka kutokana na utandawazi. Utandawazi umerahisisha kukutanika na kuwasiliana kwa watu wazungumzao lugha tofauti kupitia wakalimani. Kutokana na ongezeko hilo la umuhimu wa ukalimani, kumekuwa na jitihada mbalimbali katika nchi mbalimbali kuhakikisha ...

Minimizing Load Effects on NA4 Gear Vibration Diagnostic Parameter

Science.gov (United States)

Dempsey, Paula J.; Zakrajsek, James J.

2001-01-01

NA4 is a vibration diagnostic parameter, developed by researchers at NASA Glenn Research Center, for health monitoring of gears in helicopter transmissions. The NA4 reacts to the onset of gear pitting damage and continues to react to the damage as it spreads. This research also indicates NA4 reacts similarly to load variations. The sensitivity of NA4 to load changes will substantially affect its performance on a helicopter gearbox that experiences continuously changing load throughout its flight regimes. The parameter NA4 has been used to monitor gear fatigue tests at constant load. At constant load, NA4 effectively detects the onset of pitting damage and tracks damage severity. Previous research also shows that NA4 reacts to changes in load applied to the gears in the same way it reacts to the onset of pitting damage. The method used to calculate NA4 was modified to minimize these load effects. The modified NA4 parameter was applied to four sets of experimental data. Results indicate the modified NA4 is no longer sensitive to load changes, but remains sensitive to pitting damage.

Secretory NaCl and volume flow in renal tubules.

Science.gov (United States)

Beyenbach, K W

1986-05-01

This review attempts to give a retrospective survey of the available evidence concerning the secretion of NaCl and fluid in renal tubules of the vertebrate kidney. In the absence of glomerular filtration, epithelial secretory mechanisms, which to this date have not been elucidated, are responsible for the renal excretion of NaCl and water in aglomerular fish. However, proximal tubules isolated from glomerular fish kidneys of the flounder, killifish, and the shark also have the capacity to secrete NaCl and fluid. In shark proximal tubules, fluid secretion appears to be driven via secondary active transport of Cl. In another marine vertebrate, the sea snake, secretion of Na (presumably NaCl) and fluid is observed in freshwater-adapted and water-loaded animals. Proximal tubules of mammals can be made to secrete NaCl in vitro together with secretion of aryl acids. An epithelial cell line derived from dog kidney exhibits secondary active secretion of Cl when stimulated with catecholamines. Tubular secretion of NaCl and fluid may serve a variety of renal functions, all of which are considered here. The occurrence of NaCl and fluid secretion in glomerular proximal tubules of teleosts, elasmobranchs, and reptiles and in mammalian renal tissue cultures suggests that the genetic potential for NaCl secretion is present in every vertebrate kidney.

Mechanochemical transformations in Li(Na)AlH{sub 4}-Li(Na)NH{sub 2} systems

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dolotko, Oleksandr [Ames Laboratory of the U.S. DOE, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-3020 (United States); Zhang Haiqiao [Ames Laboratory of the U.S. DOE, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-3020 (United States); Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-2300 (United States); Ugurlu, Ozan [Ames Laboratory of the U.S. DOE, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-3020 (United States); Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-2300 (United States); Wiench, Jerzy W. [Ames Laboratory of the U.S. DOE, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-3020 (United States); Pruski, Marek [Ames Laboratory of the U.S. DOE, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-3020 (United States); Scott Chumbley, L. [Ames Laboratory of the U.S. DOE, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-3020 (United States); Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-2300 (United States); Pecharsky, Vitalij [Ames Laboratory of the U.S. DOE, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-3020 (United States) and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-2300 (United States)]. E-mail: vitkp@ameslab.gov

2007-05-15

Mechanochemical transformations of tetrahydroaluminates and amides of lithium and sodium have been investigated using gas volumetric analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and transmission electron microscopy. In a transformation of LiAlH{sub 4} and LiNH{sub 2} taken in an 1:1 molar ratio, the amount of released hydrogen (6.6 wt.% after 30 min ball milling) was higher than in any known one pot mechanochemical process involving a hydrogen-containing solid. A total of 4.3 wt.% of hydrogen is released by the NaAlH{sub 4}-NaNH{sub 2} system after 60 min ball milling; and 5.2 wt.% H{sub 2} is released when LiAlH{sub 4} and NaNH{sub 2} or NaAlH{sub 4} and LiNH{sub 2} are ball milled for 90 min and 120 min, respectively. All transformations proceed at room temperature. The mechanism of the overall transformation MAlH{sub 4}(s) + MNH{sub 2}(s) {sup {yields}} 2MH(s) + AlN(s) + 2H{sub 2}(g) was identified based on detailed spectroscopic analysis of the intermediate (M{sub 3}AlH{sub 6}) and final products of the ball milling process.

Ética na pesquisa em Administração

OpenAIRE

Leite, Ana Patrícia Rodrigues

2012-01-01

A ética na pesquisa científica é um tema abordado e muito discutido em diversas áreas do conhecimento ligadas à saúde. Na área da Administração, são raros os estudos que abordam o tema da ética na pesquisa. O presente estudo buscou preencher esta lacuna na produção do conhecimento sobre o tema, investigando como os princípios éticos encontrados na literatura e nos códigos de conduta são percebidos e considerados nas atividades de pesquisa em Administração, desenvolvidas por pes...

NA48 experiment : view along the NA48 beamline with the detector in the distance.

CERN Multimedia

Hans Taureg

1996-01-01

Photo 02: Side view of the NA48 experiment showing the LKR calorimeter cryostat No one is sure why the Universe wound up the way it has: all matter and no antimatter. According to prevailing theories, the early universe had equal amounts of matter and antimatter. To see what might be missing from the theories, physicists search for the rare cases in which matter and antimatter behave differently. One such imbalance, called direct CP violation, showed up in the NA 31 experiment at CERN. The results from this experiment, first presented in 1993, showed that when K mesons and their antimatter cousins decay, they show a slight preference for matter over antimatter. Later experiments with neutral K mesons, including NA48 at CERN and KTeV at Fermilab in the United States, showed direct CP violation is real.

Microhardness studies on as-grown faces of NaClO3 and NaBrO3 ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Unknown

studies are made on as-grown faces of these crystals at various loads. Typical cracks are ... crystals is around 1⋅6 suggesting that these are moderately harder samples. ... the values of elastic constants (C44) and are found to be close to the experimental results. ..... the structure of NaClO3 and NaBrO3 is not as simple as.

Thermodiffusive behaviour of NaCl and KCl aqueous solutions a model for the Na-K pump

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gaeta, F.S.; Mita, D.G.; Perna, G.; Scala, G.

1975-01-01

In NaCl and KCl aqueous nonisothermal solutions K + inverts its sense of migration within the physiological concentration range; Na + behaves similarly at much lower concentrations. These findings are discussed in relation to solute induced modifications of water structure and of their influence on thermal diffusion. A possible evolutionary model of a thermodiffusive mechanism for the sodium potassium pump is also suggested

ANALIZA UPORABNIŠKIH VMESNIKOV NA MOBILNIH NAPRAVAH

OpenAIRE

Bohak, Gregor

2012-01-01

V diplomskem delu smo predstavili pravila in smernice oblikovanja uporabniških vmesnikov na mobilnih napravah. Omejili smo se na platforme Google Android, Nokia Symbian, Nokia MeeGo, Apple iOS ter Microsoft Windows Phone 7. Za vsako izmed platform smo predstavili splošen model uporabniškega vmesnika, splošen model uporabniškega vmesnika aplikacije, navigacijske vzorce ter gradnike. Vse skupaj tudi smo obogatili z veliko grafičnega materiala. V drugem delu smo na podlagi pridobljenega znanja p...

Role of alkali carbonate and salt in topochemical synthesis of K1/2Na1/2NbO3 and NaNbO3 templates

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Jae-Seok; Jeon, Jae-Ho; Choi, Si-Young

2013-11-01

Since the properties of lead-free piezoelectric materials have thus far failed to meet those of lead-based materials, either chemical doping or morphological texturing should be employed to improve the piezoelectric properties of lead-free piezoelectric ceramics. The goal of this study was to synthesize plate-like K1/2Na1/2NbO3 and NaNbO3 particles, which are the most favorable templates for morphological texturing of K1/2Na1/2NbO3 ceramics. To achieve this goal, Bi2.5Na3.5Nb5O18 precursors in a plate-like shape were first synthesized and subsequently converted into K1/2Na1/2NbO3 or NaNbO3 particles that retain the morphology of Bi2.5Na3.5Nb5O18. In this study, we found that sodium or potassium carbonate does not play a major role in converting the Bi2.5Na3.5Nb5O18 precursor to K1/2Na1/2NbO3 or NaNbO3, on the contrary to previous reports; however, the salt contributes to the conversion reaction. All synthesis processes have been performed via a molten salt method, and scanning electron microscopy, scanning probe microscopy, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy were used to characterize the synthesized K1/2Na1/2NbO3 or NaNbO3 templates.

Marketingový mix Restaurace Na chalupě

OpenAIRE

Kubíková, Martina

2013-01-01

Bakalářská práce se zaměřuje na rozbor marketingu a především marketingového mixu. Tedy na známé definice marketingu, marketingová prostředí a rozbor marketingového mixu, kde jsou zmapovány všechny jeho části (Produkt, Cena, Distribuce, Propagace, Fyzický důkaz, Lidé, Procesy). Z teoretických poznatků, které byly zjištěny v odborné literatuře, je vypracována praktická část. Zde je rozebrán marketingový mix Restaurace Na chalupě a zároveň tak i porovnání dvou provozovatelů, kteří se zde vystří...

Co-intercalation of Mg(2+) and Na(+) in Na(0.69)Fe2(CN)6 as a High-Voltage Cathode for Magnesium Batteries.

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, Dong-Min; Kim, Youngjin; Arumugam, Durairaj; Woo, Sang Won; Jo, Yong Nam; Park, Min-Sik; Kim, Young-Jun; Choi, Nam-Soon; Lee, Kyu Tae

2016-04-06

Thanks to the advantages of low cost and good safety, magnesium metal batteries get the limelight as substituent for lithium ion batteries. However, the energy density of state-of-the-art magnesium batteries is not high enough because of their low operating potential; thus, it is necessary to improve the energy density by developing new high-voltage cathode materials. In this study, nanosized Berlin green Fe2(CN)6 and Prussian blue Na(0.69)Fe2(CN)6 are compared as high-voltage cathode materials for magnesium batteries. Interestingly, while Mg(2+) ions cannot be intercalated in Fe2(CN)6, Na(0.69)Fe2(CN)6 shows reversible intercalation and deintercalation of Mg(2+) ions, although they have the same crystal structure except for the presence of Na(+) ions. This phenomenon is attributed to the fact that Mg(2+) ions are more stable in Na(+)-containing Na(0.69)Fe2(CN)6 than in Na(+)-free Fe2(CN)6, indicating Na(+) ions in Na(0.69)Fe2(CN)6 plays a crucial role in stabilizing Mg(2+) ions. Na(0.69)Fe2(CN)6 delivers reversible capacity of approximately 70 mA h g(-1) at 3.0 V vs Mg/Mg(2+) and shows stable cycle performance over 35 cycles. Therefore, Prussian blue analogues are promising structures for high-voltage cathode materials in Mg batteries. Furthermore, this co-intercalation effect suggests new avenues for the development of cathode materials in hybrid magnesium batteries that use both Mg(2+) and Na(+) ions as charge carriers.

Efeito do corte como dano mecânico na qualidade e na fisiologia de mamões 'golden'

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jaqueline Visioni Tezotto

2011-10-01

Full Text Available A redução na qualidade pós-colheita do mamão deve-se em grande parte aos danos mecânicos, especialmente àqueles do tipo corte. O objetivo deste trabalho foi reproduzir este dano mecânico e avaliar os efeitos do número de cortes na qualidade e na fisiologia pós-colheita de mamões 'Golden'. Os cortes foram obtidos com o uso de uma lâmina de aço de 30 mm de comprimento e 5 mm de profundidade. Os tratamentos consistiram na reprodução de 1 a 4 cortes na região mediana dos frutos. Mamões sem cortes foram utilizados como controle. Após a reprodução dos danos, os frutos foram armazenados em câmara a 22ºC e 80-90% de UR por 10 dias. As análises de qualidade foram realizadas a cada dois dias, e as fisiológicas, diariamente. Os resultados demonstraram que a firmeza, o teor de sólidos solúveis e de ácido ascórbico, a atividade respiratória e a produção de etileno foram influenciados pelo número de cortes, de forma que a perda de qualidade dos frutos foi diretamente proporcional ao número de cortes.

Hydrothermal crystallization of Na2Ti6O13, Na2Ti3O7, and Na16Ti10O28 in the NaOH-TiO2-H2O system at a temperature of 500 deg. C and a pressure of 0.1 GPa: The structural mechanism of self-assembly of titanates from suprapolyhedral clusters

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hyushin, G. D.

2006-01-01

An increase in the NaOH concentration in the NaOH-TiO 2 (rutile)-H 2 O system at a temperature of 500 deg. C and a pressure of 0.1 GPa leads to the crystallization R-TiO 2 + Na 2 Ti 6 O 13 → Na 2 Ti 3 O 7 → Na 16 Ti 10 O 28 . Crystals of the Na 2 Ti 6 O 13 titanate (space group C2/m) have the three-dimensional framework structure Ti 6 O 13 . The structure of the Na 2 Ti 3 O 7 titanate (space group P2 1 /m) contains the two-dimensional layers Ti 3 O 7 . The structure of the Na 16 Ti 10 O 28 titanate (space group P-1) is composed of the isolated ten-polyhedron cluster precursors Ti 10 O 28 . In all the structures, the titanium atoms have an octahedral coordination (MTiO 6 ). The matrix self-assembly of the Na 2 Ti 6 O 13 and Na 2 Ti 3 O 7 (Na 4 Ti 6 O 14 ) crystal structures from Na 4 M 12 invariant precursors is modeled. These precursors are clusters consisting of twelve M polyhedra linked through the edges. It is demonstrated that the structurally rigid precursors Na 4 M 12 control all processes of the subsequent evolution of the crystal-forming titanate clusters. The specific features of the self-assembly of the Na 2 Ti 3 O 7 structure that result from the additional incorporation of twice the number of sodium atoms into the composition of the high-level clusters are considered

NA48: Wiring up for Change

CERN Multimedia

2001-01-01

The NA48 Collaboration is rebuilding its drift chambers ready for the experiment to start up again this coming July. An intricate task involving the soldering of over 24,000 wires! The future of the NA48 experiment is coming right down to the wire, that is, the wires which the Collaboration is installing in the clean room of Hall 887 on the Prévessin site. Six days a week, technicians are working in shifts to rebuild the experiment's drift chambers. The original chambers were damaged when a section of a vacuum tube imploded at the end of 1999. A year ago, CERN gave the green light for this essential part of the spectrometer to be rebuilt, so the NA48 experiment, which studies CP violation (see box), still has a bright future ahead of it. Three years of data-taking ahead The NA48 experiment aims to penetrate the secrets of CP (Charge Parity) violation. Charge and parity are two parameters which distinguish a particle from an antiparticle. In other words, an electron possesses a negative electric ...

Impact of childhood stress on psychopathology Impacto de estresse na infância na psicopatologia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elisa Brietzke

2012-12-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: Advances in our knowledge of mental disorder (MD genetics have contributed to a better understanding of their pathophysiology. Nonetheless, several questions and doubts persist. Recent studies have focused on environmental influences in the development of MDs, and the advent of neuroscientific methodologies has provided new perspectives. Early life events, such as childhood stress, may affect neurodevelopment through mechanisms such as gene-environment interactions and epigenetic regulation, thus leading to diseases in adulthood. The aim of this paper is to review the evidence regarding the role of the environment, particularly childhood stress, in the pathophysiology of MD. METHODOLOGY: We reviewed articles that evaluated environmental influences, with a particular focus on childhood trauma, brain morphology, cognitive functions, and the development of psychopathology and MD. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: MRI studies have shown that exposure to trauma at an early age can result in several neurostructural changes, such as the reduction of the hippocampus and corpus callosum. Cognitive performance and functioning are also altered in this population. Finally, childhood stress is related to an increased risk of developing MD such as depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and substance abuse. We conclude that there is robust evidence of the role of the environment, specifically adverse childhood experiences, in various aspects of MD.OBJETIVO: Avanços no conhecimento da genética dos transtornos mentais (TM contribuíram para um melhor entendimento de suas bases fisiopatológicas. No entanto, dúvidas e questões ainda persistem. Estudos recentes têm se concentrado nas influências do ambiente no desenvolvimento de TM, e o advento de metodologias neurocientíficas oferece novas perspectivas. Eventos precoces de vida, como estresse na infância, podem ser capazes de alterar o neurodesenvolvimento através de mecanismos como intera

Oxidation of ethanol on NaX zeolite modified with transition metals

Science.gov (United States)

Mirzai, J. I.; Nadirov, P. A.; Velieva, A. D.; Muradkhanli, V. G.

2017-06-01

NaLaX, NaX + Co, and NaPdX catalysts are synthesized by modification of NaX zeolite with transition metals (La, Co, Pd). The activity of the prepared materials in catalytic ethanol oxidation is studied in the temperature range of 423-723 K. It is shown that NaPdX and NaX + Co accelerate the reactions of partial and complete oxidation of ethanol as the temperature rises. NaLaX accelerates both intramolecular and intermolecular dehydration of alcohol. It is shown that the NaPdX (1.0% Pd) sample has the highest activity in the complete oxidation of alcohol with the formation of CO2.

Non-preferential fuelling of the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase pump.

Science.gov (United States)

Fernández-Moncada, Ignacio; Barros, L Felipe

2014-06-15

There is abundant evidence that glycolysis and the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase pump are functionally coupled, and it is thought that the nature of the coupling is energetic, with glycolysis providing the ATP that fuels the pump. This notion has been instrumental to current models of brain energy metabolism. However, structural and biophysical considerations suggest that the pump should also have access to mitochondrial ATP, which is much more abundant. In the present study, we have investigated the source of ATP that fuels the Na(+) pump in astrocytes, taking advantage of the high temporal resolution of recently available FRET nanosensors for glucose, lactate and ATP. The activity of the Na(+) pump was assessed in parallel with the Na(+)-sensitive dye SBFI AM (Na(+)-binding benzofuran isophthalate acetoxymethyl ester). OXPHOS (oxidative phosphorylation) inhibition resulted in bulk ATP depletion and a 5-fold stimulation of glycolytic flux, in spite of which Na(+) pumping was inhibited by 90%. Mathematical modelling of ATP dynamics showed that the observed pump failure is inconsistent with preferential fuelling of the Na(+) pump by glycolytic ATP. We conclude that the nature of the functional coupling between the Na(+) pump and the glycolytic machinery is not energetic and that the pump is mainly fuelled by mitochondrial ATP.

Atletismo na escola : realidade?

OpenAIRE

Sampaio, Alessandro Oliveira de

2012-01-01

O correr, saltar, lançar e arremessar são elementos básicos do atletismo, sendo fundamentais para o ser humano, devido ao favorecimento do desenvolvimento físico e motor. Sendo um dos conteúdos principais do desporto e da educação física escolar, foi realizado um estudo relacionado à prática do atletismo na escola, na qual o objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar se entre os professores de educação física da rede pública de ensino fundamental de 5ª a 8ª séries, da cidade satélite de Samambaia ...

Influence of NaCl and NaHCO/sub 3/ on reduction of phytic acid in red kidney bean

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shahnawaz, M.; Khan, T.U.

2007-01-01

Influence of sodium chloride (NaCI) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO/sub 3/) was studied on phytic acid in Red kidney bean (phaseolus sp). Two varieties of Red Kidney bean VI (Orakzai Korkha) and V2 (Kurram Korkha) were obtained from NWFP Agriculture University, Peshawar. The amount of phytic acid in V1 and V2 of Red kidney bean was 10 mg and 9.80 mg, respectively. Red kidney-bean flour soaked for 6 and 12 hrs. in water and in pH4 and 6 solutions has significantly reduced (70%) amount of phytic acid. Solution of pH6 was found most effective, while pH4 and water was less effective in lowering the phytic acid in Red kidney bean. Mixed food additives (1% NaCI + 2% NaHCO/sub 3/) in water, and pH4 and 6 solutions, reduced the level of phytic acid in Red kidney bean to 40%, 54% and 58% for 6 hrs, and 50%, 57% and 70% for 12 hrs. in respective solutions. Results revealed that soaking Red kidney bean flour in pH6 solution with the presence of NaCI and NaHCO/sub 3/, the action of phytase enzyme was well activated to hydrolyze phytic acid. It has been observed that soaking of flour in the respective solutions is a simple inexpensive method of lowering phytic acid in bean. The treatment with such a sophisticated combination of food additives will improve the nutritional status of Red kidney bean, which is used in many food products. (author)

Na2SO4-based solid electrolytes for SOx sensors

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rao, N.; Schoonman, J.; Toft Sørensen, O.

1992-01-01

on the phases present and the structure of the specimens. From a point of view of practical application as SOx sensor material, the Na2SO4 + 5 mol% Y2(SO4)3 + Na2WO4 and Na2SO4+ 4 mol% La2(SO4)3 + Na2WO4 materials are better than undoped Na2SO4 because of their higher conductivity, and absence of a phase...

Kinetin Reversal of NaCl Effects

Science.gov (United States)

Katz, Adriana; Dehan, Klara; Itai, Chanan

1978-01-01

Leaf discs of Nicotiana rustica L. were floated on NaCl in the presence of kinetin or abscisic acid. On the 5th day 14CO2 fixation, [3H]leucine incorporation, stomatal conductance, and chlorophyll content were determined. Kinetin either partially or completely reversed the inhibitory effects of NaCl while ABA had no effect. PMID:16660618

Combined Effects of Boron and NaCl on Wheat Seedlings

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

ZHEN Mei-nan

2015-08-01

Full Text Available To investigate the combined effects of boron(Band NaCl on the growth of wheat, a pot experiment was conducted using wheat (Triticum aestivum Linn.seedlings. Boron concentrations of culture medium were set as 0, 50 mg·kg-1 and 100 mg·kg-1, and NaCl concentrations were 0, 1 g·kg-1 and 2 g·kg-1. The results showed that both boron and NaCl could significantly inhibit wheat growth. At 50 mg B·kg-1, NaCl aggravated growth inhibition caused by boron. At 100 mg B·kg-1, however, NaCl alleviated the inhibition caused by boron. The combined stress of boron and NaCl significantly increased the root to shoot ratio of wheat. NaCl inhibited the uptake of boron by wheat. It suggests that under severe boron stress, NaCl is able to alleviate boron toxicity in wheat by increasing root to shoot ratio and reducing boron uptake.

An enhancement to the NA4 gear vibration diagnostic parameter

Science.gov (United States)

Decker, Harry J.; Handschuh, Robert F.; Zakrajsek, James J.

1994-01-01

A new vibration diagnostic parameter for health monitoring of gears, NA4*, is proposed and tested. A recently developed gear vibration diagnostic parameter NA4 outperformed other fault detection methods at indicating the start and initial progression of damage. However, in some cases, as the damage progressed, the sensitivity of the NA4 and FM4 parameters tended to decrease and no longer indicated damage. A new parameter, NA4* was developed by enhancing NA4 to improve the trending of the parameter. This allows for the indication of damage both at initiation and also as the damage progresses. The NA4* parameter was verified and compared to the NA4 and FM4 parameters using experimental data from single mesh spur and spiral bevel gear fatigue rigs. The primary failure mode for the test cases was naturally occurring tooth surface pitting. The NA4* parameter is shown to be a more robust indicator of damage.

A metodologia de projecto na aprendizagem da biodiversidade e geodiversidade na praia da concha

OpenAIRE

Rosa, Marina Maria Filipe

2012-01-01

Dissertação de mestrado em Biologia e de Geologia, apresentada ao Departamento de Ciências da Terra e ao Departamento de Ciências da Vida Este trabalho consistiu na implementação e avaliação da metodologia de projeto no estudo da Biodiversidade e Geodiversidade na Praia da Concha, Portugal Central, dando ênfase ao trabalho prático, através de uma aula de campo e de aulas laboratoriais. O trabalho foi realizado numa escola da Marinha Grande, com 11 alunos do 10º ano de escolaridade. Sendo a...

Thermal expansion studies on Th(MoO4)2, Na2Th(MoO4)3 and Na4Th(MoO4)4

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Keskar, Meera; Krishnan, K.; Dahale, N.D.

2008-01-01