Environment and environmental awareness: how university students conceive and act = Meio ambiente e consciência ambiental: como concebem e atuam discentes universitários

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Angela Maria de Carvalho Maffia

2011-04-01

Full Text Available This exploratory study had the objective of analyzing issues concerning environmental themes among students coming from four different areas of knowledge, at a public university in the State of Minas Gerais. By the use of drawings, the students’ environmental concepts were identified. Global environmental and campus problems, aswell as actions towards minimizing them, were investigated by using an open questionnaire. Independent of their performing area, a high number of students presented a reductionist view of the environment. Those from the areas related to natural sciences identified a higher number of problems at local and global levels than those from the areas known as humanities and math. The obtained data suggest the need for environmental education programs, which angle for greater student awareness in the search for sustainability and foster them to think about the current social model that we live in.Este estudo exploratório objetivou analisar questões referentes àtemática ambiental entre discentes, provenientes de quatro diferentes áreas do saber, de uma universidade pública do Estado de Minas Gerais. Por meio de desenhos, identificaram-se as concepções destes estudantes sobre o meio ambiente. Os problemas ambientais globais e docampus universitário, além das ações voltadas para minimizar estes últimos, foram investigados utilizando-se um questionário aberto. Independente da área de atuação, um elevado número de estudantes apresenta uma visão reducionista do meio ambiente. Aqueles das áreas relacionadas às ciências da natureza identificaram maior número de problemas em nível local e global que os discentes das áreas ditas humanas e exatas. Os dados obtidos sugerem a necessidade de programas de educação ambiental, que visem uma maior conscientização e atuação dos estudantes na busca da sustentabilidade e que os levem a refletir sobre o atual modelo de sociedade em que vivemos.

Environmental resources of selected areas of Hawaii: Climate, ambient air quality, and noise

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lombardi, D.A.; Blasing, T.J.; Easterly, C.E.; Reed, R.M. [Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States); Hamilton, C.B. [Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)

1995-03-01

This report has been prepared to make available and archive background scientific data and related information on climate, ambient air quality, and ambient noise levels collected during the preparation of the environmental impact statement (EIS) for Phases 3 and 4 of the Hawaii Geothermal Project (HGP) as defined by the state of Hawaii in its April 1989 proposal to Congress. The US Department of Energy (DOE) published a notice withdrawing its Notice of Intent to prepare the HGP-EIS. Since the state of Hawaii is no longer pursuing or planning to pursue the HGP, DOE considers the project to be terminated. The report presents a general description of the climate add air quality for the islands of Hawaii (henceforth referred to as Hawaii), Maui and Oahu. It also presents a literature review as baseline information on the health effects of sulfide. The scientific background data and related information is being made available for use by others in conducting future scientific research in these areas. This report describes the environmental resources present in the areas studied (i.e., the affected environment) and does not represent an assessment of environmental impacts.

Enfermagem e saúde ambiental na escola Enfermeria y salud ambiental en la escuela Nursing and environmental health in schools

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Eveline Pinheiro Beserra

2012-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Descrever e analisar os significados atribuídos por um grupo de adolescente à saúde ambiental. MÉTODOS: Estudo de abordagem qualitativa, descritivo, exploratório, que utilizou a pesquisa-ação em uma escola pública do interior do Ceará, que se encontra nas proximidades da construção de uma usina termoelétrica a carvão mineral. Foram utilizados a observação livre, o diário de campo e a abordagem grupal, esta por meio da técnica do desenho história com tema, tendo como eixo norteador a questão: O que você entende como saúde ambiental? RESULTADOS: Emergiram discussões a respeito da interferência do homem na natureza, malefícios das fábricas, desenvolvimento sustentável e risco da poluição na comunidade. CONCLUSÃO: Constatou-se que o enfermeiro pode ser um educador ambiental e atuar nesse espaço, favorecendo momentos de reflexão sobre ações comprometidas com o lócus socioambiental.OBJETIVO: Describir y analizar los significados atribuídos por un grupo de adolescentes a la salud ambiental. MÉTODOS: Estudio con abordaje cualitativo, descriptivo, exploratorio, en el que se usó la investigación acción en una Escuela pública del interior de Ceará, ubicada en las proximidades de la construcción de una usina termoeléctrica a carbón mineral. Fueron utilizados la observación libre, el diario de campo y el abordaje grupal, esta última por medio de la técnica del dibujo de una historia con tema, teniendo como eje norteador la pregunta: ¿Qué entiende ud.como salud ambiental? RESULTADOS: Emergieron discusiones respecto a la interferencia del hombre en la naturaleza, daño de las fábricas, desarrollo sustentable y riesgo de contaminación en la comunidad. CONCLUSIÓN: Se constató que el enfermero puede ser un educador ambiental y actuar en ese espacio, favoreciendo momentos de reflexión sobre acciones comprometidas con el locus socioambiental.OBJECTIVE: To describe and analyze the meanings attributed by

IDRC Corporate Strategy 2010-2015 : Environmental Scan | IDRC ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

IDRC Corporate Strategy 2010-2015 : Environmental Scan. This grant will allow IDRC's Board of Governors to commission a series of eight peer-reviewed papers by leading thinkers with a view to shedding light on how the world is changing and the implications of these changes for IDRC. IDRC managers and governors ...

SCORECARD AMBIENTAL: MONITORAÇÃO DOS CUSTOS AMBIENTAIS ATRAVÉS DA WEB ENVIRONMENTAL SCORECARD: WEB-BASED ENVIRONMENTAL COST MONITORING

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Orlando Durán

2007-12-01

Full Text Available A gestão ambiental tem se transformado num dos elementos chave dentro da gestão empresarial atual. Sistemas Integrados de Gestão posicionam num mesmo plano as questões relativas às dimensões financeiras, da qualidade e do desempenho ambiental. Dentro desse contexto, a mensuração dos custos ambientais ocupa um lugar de destaque no que tange à informação para a Gestão. Entretanto, a mensuração dos custos ambientais tem esbarrado nas limitações já reconhecidas dos instrumentos da contabilidade tradicional. Pela sua natureza, a maioria destes custos é considerada como sendo custos indiretos de fabricação e/ou custos fixos dificultando, com isso, sua identificação e correta apropriação. Com a utilização do Método do Custeio Baseado em Atividades (ABC, os custos ambientais podem ser definidos a partir da identificação e mensuração dos recursos consumidos pelas atividades de controle, preservação e recuperação ambiental. Tudo isso é possível devido às características do Método ABC, adaptando-se de uma melhor forma à identificação, medição e monitoramento dos custos ambientais. Este trabalho apresenta os resultados obtidos no projeto de construção de um sistema de monitoramento dos custos ambientais via web, utilizando para isto um banco de dados e linguagem PHP. Este sistema, chamado de Scorecard Ambiental, disponibiliza a informação relativa aos custos ambientais através da web categorizados segundo quatro classes, custos de prevenção, custos de avaliação, custos de falhas internas e custos de falhas externas e permite aos usuários acompanhar o comportamento dessas variáveis ao longo dos períodos.Environmental Management has become recently a central issue of corporate management. Integrated Management Systems incorporate matters such as finances, quality and environmental performance, at the same importance level. Within that context, measuring environmental costs is today an essential aspect

Effects of Ambient Environmental Factors on the Stereotypic Behaviors of Giant Pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca.

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He Liu

Full Text Available Stereotypies are commonly observed in zoo animals, and it is necessary to better understand whether ambient environmental factors contribute to stereotypy and how to affect animal welfare in zoo settings. This study investigated the relationships between stereotypic behaviors and environmental factors including ambient temperatures, humidity, light intensity, sound intensity and number of visitors. Seven giant pandas were observed in three indoor enclosures and three outdoor enclosures. Environmental factors were measured for both indoor and outdoor enclosures and the effect they had on stereotypical behaviors was investigated. Our research found that light intensity significantly correlated with all stereotypies behaviors. Higher environmental temperature reduced the duration of pacing but increased the frequency of pacing, the duration and frequency of door-directed, meanwhile the duration of head-toss. However, we found no noticeable effect of humidity on stereotypic behaviors except for the frequency of head-toss. We also found that sound intensity was not correlated with stereotypies. Finally, the growth of visitors was negatively associated with the duration of door-directed. These results demonstrated that various environmental factors can have significant effects on stereotypic behaviors causing the expression of various stereotypies. Thus, stereotypies in zoo animals may not simply represent suboptimal welfare, but rather might be adopted as a means of coping with an aversive environment.

An Environmental Scan of Adventure Therapy in Canada

Science.gov (United States)

Ritchie, Stephen D.; Patrick, Krysten; Corbould, Gordon Marcus; Harper, Nevin J.; Oddson, Bruce E.

2016-01-01

We report on an environmental scan (ES) of adventure therapy (AT) literature, organizations, and activities in Canada. The ES methodology involved (a) an examination of final reports related to a series of national symposiums on AT in Canada, (b) a review of academic literature related to AT in Canada, and (c) a summary of AT programs and courses…

Environmentally Persistent Free Radical (EPFRs) - Ambient Air Particulates, Soils and Fate of Some Pollutants

Science.gov (United States)

Lomnicki, S. M.

2017-12-01

Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals (EPFRs) are relatively recently discovered species that are present on ambient air particulates. Their origin is typically associated with the combustion borne PM, where in the cool zone of the combustion process aromatic precursors react with the metal centers of particulates forming surface-organic complex with radical characteristics. EPFRs have been found to be sufficiently resistant to be emitted from the combustion sources and persist in the ambient air on particulates. Their inhalation has been associated with severe health effects, and potentially are one of the major agents contributing the epidemiological risks of PM exposure. Interestingly, EPFRs can be formed not only at the elevated temperatures but also in ambient conditions, where the contact of precursor molecules with transition metal (but not only) domains can result in adsorbate complexes. In fact, EPFRs have been detected in the contaminated soils, or during the oil spill incidents. It is very likely, that the interaction of some molecules released to the air can result in the formation of EPFRs on the ambient air particulates in atmospheric conditions. These species can be a natural degradation by-products that lead to the formation of oxygenated organics in ambient atmosphere.

Determinación ambiental de la salud: un reto para Colombia /Environmental health determination: a challenge for Colombia

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Martha L. Vaca B

2013-08-01

Full Text Available La sociedad actual se ha visto abocada a dar respuestas articuladas y con una visión integradora a los temas de condiciones de salud de la población, el cuidado de los recursos naturales y la generación de mecanismos de crecimiento económico sostenible. El presente artículo se enfoca en analizar tres aspectos básicos sobre la determinación ambiental de la salud, como un punto focal que puede integrar estos tres desafíos. En primera instancia, se precisa la definición del ambiente en sus diferentes concepciones como determinante de la salud; en segundo lugar, se plantean diferentes enfoques en torno a la salud ambiental; y finalmente, se proponen algunos conceptos que pueden ayudar a orientar y enriquecer tanto la discusión como la práctica de la salud pública en el tema de la determinación ambiental de la salud y la calidad de vida. Adicionalmente se analizan los principales aportes de la Política Pública de Salud Ambiental de Bogotá como un primer paso hacia la determinación social de la salud en Colombia. Society has been committed to provide articulated and integrated answers regarding issues such as population health conditions, natural resources conservation and sustainable economic growth. This essay focuses on analyzing three basic aspects of environmental health determination as a focal subject in order to face these challenges. First, the definition of environment as a determinant of health is clarified. Second, different approaches concerning environmental health are presented. Finally, some concepts are proposed which may guide and enrich both the discussion and practice of public health in environmental health and quality of life determination. Additionally, the main contributions of the Environmental Health Public Policy in Bogotá (Política Pública de Salud Ambiental as a first step towards the social determination of health in Colombia are discussed

Determinación ambiental de la salud: un reto para Colombia /Environmental health determination: a challenge for Colombia

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Juan C. García-Ubaque

2013-08-01

Full Text Available La sociedad actual se ha visto abocada a dar respuestas articuladas y con una visión integradora a los temas de condiciones de salud de la población, el cuidado de los recursos naturales y la generación de mecanismos de crecimiento económico sostenible. El presente artículo se enfoca en analizar tres aspectos básicos sobre la determinación ambiental de la salud, como un punto focal que puede integrar estos tres desafíos. En primera instancia, se precisa la definición del ambiente en sus diferentes concepciones como determinante de la salud; en segundo lugar, se plantean diferentes enfoques en torno a la salud ambiental; y finalmente, se proponen algunos conceptos que pueden ayudar a orientar y enriquecer tanto la discusión como la práctica de la salud pública en el tema de la determinación ambiental de la salud y la calidad de vida. Adicionalmente se analizan los principales aportes de la Política Pública de Salud Ambiental de Bogotá como un prime Society has been committed to provide articulated and integrated answers regarding issues such as population health conditions, natural resources conservation and sustainable economic growth. This essay focuses on analyzing three basic aspects of environmental health determination as a focal subject in order to face these challenges. First, the definition of environment as a determinant of health is clarified. Second, different approaches concerning environmental health are presented. Finally, some concepts are proposed which may guide and enrich both the discussion and practice of public health in environmental health and quality of life determination. Additionally, the main contributions of the Environmental Health Public Policy in Bogotá (Política Pública de Salud Ambiental as a first step towards the social determination of health in Colombia are discussed

Strategic Envrionmental Assessment (SEA; a preventive tool for environmental management Evaluación ambiental estratégica (EAE; un instrumento preventivo de gestión ambiental

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Domingo Gómez Orea

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA is a first tool to integrate environment in the process of formulating policies, plans and programs (PPP hereafter and then verify the reality of it. The integration is to incorporate sensitivity, judgment, knowledge and environmental commitment to the PPP process from the beginning, so that the public decision is about as accurate as possible. Verification involves two facets: verification that they have actually been an effort of environmental integration in developing the PPP and evaluation of results achieved, and evaluation is performed through the identification, assessment, prevention and monitoring of impacts would occur in case they are running. Environmental integration begins at the moment that the idea of developing the PPP, and his assessment; then takes the form of a technical document (Environmental Sustainability Report: ESR which is an integral part of the PPP documentation and that unfolds while the draft PPP; then follows the process of integration by incorporating the determinations set forth in the Environmental Report, including the results of public participation in drawing up the final PPP. SEA is regulated at European Union by Directive 2001/42/EC on the assessment of the effects of certain plans and programs on the environment; in Spain, by Law 9/2006 and in the Autonomous Communities by the law itself. In the administrative procedure through which it is applied, technically there is a crucial phase: preparation of the Draft while the PPP and the ESR, so it could be interpreted as incorporating the environmental dimension into development process Draft PPP, verification of this and the identification, assessment, prevention and monitoring of impacts.La evaluación ambiental estratégica (EAE es un instrumento para integrar primero el medio ambiente en el proceso de formulación de políticas, planes y programas (PPP y verificar después la realidad de ello. La integraci

PROGRAMA PARA LA VERIFICACIN DE LA TECNOLOGIA AMBIENTAL/ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY VERIFICATION PROGRAM (ETV) (EPA/600/F-98/015A)

Science.gov (United States)

A travs de su historia, la Agencia de Proteccin del Medio Ambiente estadounidense (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA) ha evaluado distintas tecnologas para determinar su efectividad en el monitoreo, la prevencin, el control, y la limpieza de la contaminacin ambiental. Sin...

Arthropod bioindicators of environmental quality = Artrópodes bioindicadores de qualidade ambiental

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Márcia Soares Spiller

2018-03-01

Full Text Available The phylum Arthropoda is one of the most diverse groups under the terrestrial surface comprising different classes of insects that occupy different environments. Some groups have a close relationship with the habitat they occupy, responding significantly to changes in the environment, thus indicating the level of change in the environment by their presence or absence. The present study aimed to demonstrate the importance of edaphic fauna as a bioindicator of environmental quality. This is a bibliographic review based on specialized consultation of scientific articles in the databases Google Scholar, SciELO-Scientific Electronic Library and ResearchGate. The studies found that environmental quality can be measured from the diversity and abundance of arthropods that live and perform their functions in the soil. Macrofauna influences important soil chemical and physical processes such as nutrient cycling, structuring and homogenization, and increased productivity, among others. The mesofauna, besides acting on soil properties, acts on the regulation of microbial populations, is sensitive to changes and responds promptly. The groups Acari, Collembola, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Araneae are indicated in several studies as potential bioindicators because they are commonly sampled in different environments. The factors identified as conditioning factors of the presence of these groups are environmental heterogeneity, type of vegetation cover and availability of litter, applied management system, seasonality, soil characteristics, and anthropic activities, among others. In short, because they respond quickly, the changes are considered to be efficient biological indicators; therefore, knowing the diversity of species and their degree of interaction with the environment allows us to analyze the effects of anthropic modifications in ecosystems. = O filo Arthropoda é um dos grupos mais diversos da superfície terrestre, compreendendo diferentes classes

Treinamento ambiental em organizações com certificação ISO 14001: estudo de múltiplos casos e identificação de coevolução com a gestão ambiental Environmental training in organizations with ISO 14001 certification: a multiple case study and identification of co-evolution with environmental management

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Charbel José Chiappetta Jabbour

2012-01-01

Full Text Available O objetivo desta pesquisa é compreender as características do treinamento ambiental em algumas empresas brasileiras. Para tanto, foram realizados nove estudos de caso com empresas certificadas pela norma ISO 14001, todas líderes em seu segmento de mercado. Foram conduzidas diversas entrevistas em cada caso, coletados documentos e realizadas visitas para observação direta. Como resultado, apresentam-se as classificações dos casos nos estágios evolutivos da gestão ambiental, os temas mais frequentes do treinamento ambiental, a diferenciação dos temas de treinamento ambiental segundo o nível hierárquico organizacional, a classificação das empresas segundo o nível de aderência às atividades de treinamento ambiental recomendadas pela literatura e as boas práticas de treinamento ambiental oferecidas pelas empresas. A principal contribuição desta pesquisa é a identificação de coevolução entre o estágio de gestão ambiental das organizações e o nível do treinamento ambiental que elas possuem.The objective of this research is to understand the characteristics of environmental training at some Brazilian companies. Nine case studies were carried out in firms certified by ISO 14001. These companies are leaders in their market segments. Several interviews were conducted in each case. Documents were collected and visits for direct observation were made. Results present the classification of companies in evolutionary stages of environmental management, the most common topics of the training environment, the differentiation of environmental training topics according to the hierarchical levels and the best practices offered on environmental training. The main contribution of this research is the identification of the co-evolution between the stage of corporate environmental management and the level of environmental training.

Justiça Ambiental: uma abordagem ecossocial em saúde Justicia Ambiental: un abordaje eco-social en salud Environmental Justice: an ecossocial health approach

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Mateus Habermann

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Discute-se a questão do risco das tecnologias contemporâneas em face do atual paradigma tecnológico, a sua percepção e tolerabilidade, assim como sua distribuição desigual na sociedade. A hipótese fundamental que enfatiza a Justiça Ambiental refere-se aos perigos desproporcionalmente ou injustamente distribuídos entre grupos social e economicamente mais vulneráveis, geralmente pobres e minorias, acarretados pelos riscos ambientais relativos à vida moderna. Assim, vulnerabilidade e os diversos níveis de privação agem como propulsores dos níveis diferenciais em saúde entre os grupos populacionais. Embora Justiça Ambiental tenha sido observada inicialmente como movimento popular nos Estados Unidos, seus princípios indicaram compatibilidade em escalas geográficas global e local. Desta forma, o objetivo do estudo foi compreender como os riscos da tecnologia contemporânea afetam desigualmente a população à luz da Justiça Ambiental.Se discute lo relacionado al riesgo de las tecnologías contemporáneas en el margen del actual paradigma tecnológico, su percepción y tolerancia, así como su distribución desigual en la sociedad. La hipótesis fundamental que enfatiza la Justicia Ambiental se refiere a los peligros desproporcional o injustamente distribuidos entre grupos social y económicamente más vulnerables, generalmente pobres y minorías, generados por los riesgos ambientales relativos a la vida moderna. Así, vulnerabilidad y los diversos niveles de privación actúan como propulsores de los niveles diferenciales en salud entre los grupos poblacionales. A pesar de que la Justicia Ambiental haya sido observada inicialmente como movimiento popular en los Estados Unidos, sus principios indicaron compatibilidad en escalas geográficas global y local. De esta forma, el objetivo del estudio fue comprender como los riesgos de la tecnología contemporánea afectan desigualmente la población a la luz de la Justicia Ambiental

Transmission environmental scanning electron microscope with scintillation gaseous detection device.

Science.gov (United States)

Danilatos, Gerasimos; Kollia, Mary; Dracopoulos, Vassileios

2015-03-01

A transmission environmental scanning electron microscope with use of a scintillation gaseous detection device has been implemented. This corresponds to a transmission scanning electron microscope but with addition of a gaseous environment acting both as environmental and detection medium. A commercial type of low vacuum machine has been employed together with appropriate modifications to the detection configuration. This involves controlled screening of various emitted signals in conjunction with a scintillation gaseous detection device already provided with the machine for regular surface imaging. Dark field and bright field imaging has been obtained along with other detection conditions. With a progressive series of modifications and tests, the theory and practice of a novel type of microscopy is briefly shown now ushering further significant improvements and developments in electron microscopy as a whole. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Study of Hydrated Lime in Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Tihlaříková, Eva; Neděla, Vilém; Rovnaníková, P.

2013-01-01

Roč. 19, S2 (2013), s. 1644-1645 ISSN 1431-9276 R&D Projects: GA ČR GAP102/10/1410; GA MŠk ED0017/01/01 Institutional support: RVO:68081731 Keywords : Hydrated Lime * Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy Subject RIV: JA - Electronics ; Optoelectronics, Electrical Engineering Impact factor: 1.757, year: 2013

Environmental Resources of Selected Areas of Hawaii: Climate, Ambient Air Quality, and Noise (DRAFT)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lombardi, D.A.; Blasing, T.J.; Easterly, C.E.; Hamilton, C.B.

1994-06-01

This report has been prepared to make available and archive background scientific data and related information on climate, ambient air quality, and ambient noise levels collected during the preparation of the environmental impact statement (EIS) for Phases 3 and 4 of the Hawaii Geothermal Project (HGP) as defined by the state of hawaii in its April 1989 proposal to Congress. The US Department of Energy (DOE) published a notice in the Federal Register on May 17, 1994 withdrawing its Notice of Intent of February 14, 1992, to prepare the HGP-EIS. Since the state of Hawaii is no longer pursuing or planning to pursue the HGP, DOE considers the project to be terminated. The report presents a general description of the climate and air quality for the islands of Hawaii (henceforth referred to as Hawaii), Maui, and Oahu. It also presents a literature review as baseline information on the health effects of hydrogen sulfide. the scientific background data and related information is being made available for use by others in conducting future scientific research in these areas. This report describes the environmental resources present in the areas studied (i.e., the affected environment) and does not represent an assessment of environmental impacts.

Development of asthmatic inflammation in mice following early-life exposure to ambient environmental particulates and chronic allergen challenge

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Cristan Herbert

2013-03-01

Childhood exposure to environmental particulates increases the risk of development of asthma. The underlying mechanisms might include oxidant injury to airway epithelial cells (AEC. We investigated the ability of ambient environmental particulates to contribute to sensitization via the airways, and thus to the pathogenesis of childhood asthma. To do so, we devised a novel model in which weanling BALB/c mice were exposed to both ambient particulate pollutants and ovalbumin for sensitization via the respiratory tract, followed by chronic inhalational challenge with a low mass concentration of the antigen. We also examined whether these particulates caused oxidant injury and activation of AEC in vitro. Furthermore, we assessed the potential benefit of minimizing oxidative stress to AEC through the period of sensitization and challenge by dietary intervention. We found that characteristic features of asthmatic inflammation developed only in animals that received particulates at the same time as respiratory sensitization, and were then chronically challenged with allergen. However, these animals did not develop airway hyper-responsiveness. Ambient particulates induced epithelial injury in vitro, with evidence of oxidative stress and production of both pro-inflammatory cytokines and Th2-promoting cytokines such as IL-33. Treatment of AEC with an antioxidant in vitro inhibited the pro-inflammatory cytokine response to these particulates. Ambient particulates also induced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression following administration to weanling mice. However, early-life dietary supplementation with antioxidants did not prevent the development of an asthmatic inflammatory response in animals that were exposed to particulates, sensitized and challenged. We conclude that injury to airway epithelium by ambient environmental particulates in early life is capable of promoting the development of an asthmatic inflammatory response in sensitized and antigen-challenged mice. These

Matadouros públicos e saúde ambiental em Sergipe Public slaughterhouses and environmental health in Sergipe

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Genival Nunes Silva

2012-12-01

Full Text Available A incorporação da temática ambiental na saúde pública fez florescer mais recentemente a expressão saúde ambiental, relacionada à degradação do meio ambiente na escala mundial, como reflexo da atividade humana cujas consequências afetam a saúde da população. A produção de alimentos para consumo humano, além de afetar o meio natural, pode afetar, também, a saúde humana, devido ao processo de produção e comercialização. O abate de gado bovino, uma das principais fontes de proteína animal utilizada no Brasil, embora tenha legislação reguladora, muitas vezes é uma atividade que degrada o meio ambiente e compromete a saúde dos trabalhadores da cadeia produtiva e dos consumidores. Este estudo teve como objetivo geral identificar e avaliar os riscos ao meio ambiente e a saúde humana em decorrência da implantação e operação de matadouros públicos nos 75 municípios do Estado de Sergipe. Para o alcance desse objetivo, foram quantificados os matadouros municipais implantados e em operação no Estado, analisadas as condições físicas, sanitárias e tecnológicas, a existência de licenciamento ambiental e de supervisão veterinária do gado e das condições de abate e armazenamento da carne. Os dados foram levantados por observação direta em campo e junto ao cadastro da Administração Estadual do Meio Ambiente de Sergipe. O estudo concluiu haver danos significativos ao meio natural, especialmente aos recursos hídricos e risco bastante alto à saúde dos trabalhadores no matadouro e dos consumidores que recebem um produto sem controle de qualidade e sem qualquer tipo de inspeção sanitária.The incorporation of environmental issues to the public health field resulted, more recently, in the flourishing of the term environmental health, which is related to environmental degradation on a global scale, as a result of human activity whose consequences affect population's health. Food production for human consumption

Information Source Characteristics and Environmental Scanning by Academic Library Managers

Science.gov (United States)

Babalhavaeji, Fahimeh; Farhadpoor, Mohammad Reza

2013-01-01

Purpose: This article examines characteristics of the external environment of library and information centres of Islamic Azad University in Iran, focusing on perceived environmental uncertainty and perceived source accessibility and quality, and their impacts on the amount of scanning and the frequency of information source use. Methods: This…

Ambient Air Quality Data Inventory

Data.gov (United States)

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency — The Office of Air and Radiation's (OAR) Ambient Air Quality Data (Current) contains ambient air pollution data collected by EPA, other federal agencies, as well as...

Ciencia, Tecnología y Salud Ambiental Science, Technology and Environmental Health

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Delia Mercedes Herrera Travieso

2007-04-01

Full Text Available El indetenible progreso científico- técnico ha posibilitado que el poder humano sobre la naturaleza se incremente y cree una situación explosiva en la interacción entre el hombre, la sociedad y la naturaleza. Con un enfoque dialéctico materialista, en el presente trabajo se describe el avance histórico de la ciencia y la tecnología, la interrelación sociedad- naturaleza, la salud ambiental en su contexto histórico y los requerimientos básicos para un ambiente saludableThe unstoppable scientific progress has facilitated that the human power on the nature increase and creates an explosive situation in the interaction among the man, the society and the nature. With a materialistic dialectical focus this work describes the historical advance of science and technology, the interrelation society - nature, the environmental health in its historical context and the basic requirements for a healthy atmosphere.

Social and environmental impact of the bioclimatic design; Impacto social y ambiental del diseno bioclimatico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lopez P, J. Manuel A; Morrillon G, David; Rodriguez V, Luis [Instituto de Ingenieria de la UNAM, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico)

2000-07-01

This article is about two important scopes of the Bioclimatical Design (BD), the Social scope and the environmental scope. As an introduction, it is justified the importance of this topic through the association of the BD in the context of sustainability with our country's economic model. The analysis is done under the perspective of effects of the BD on social and environmental scopes. In social scope is used the Cost and Benefit Analysis according to social evaluation. In environmental scope, effects in water, air and ground are studied, but the measurement is done according to the emissions reduction of CO{sub 2} on atmosphere because of the earn on energy consumption. The results of the measurement of this effects are related with economical costs and benefits, which may show a general view about economical, social and environmental scopes. As conclusions, interest results are show and this is proposed to incorporate them in the economical politics. [Spanish] En este articulo se tocan dos aspectos importantes del Diseno Bioclimatico (DB), el Impacto Social y el Impacto Ambiental. En la introduccion se justifica la importancia del tema, asociando el DB en el contexto de la sustentabilidad, con el modelo economico que se ha imperado en nuestro pais. El estudio se realiza bajo la perspectiva de los impactos que el DB tiene en el aspecto social y en el ambiental. En lo social, se recurre a la metodologia del Analisis Costo-Beneficio para evaluacion Social, en lo ambiental, aunque se tocan los puntos de impacto en aire, agua y uso de suelo, la medicion del impacto se realiza con base en la disminucion de emisiones de CO{sub 2} a la atmosfera por el ahorro en el consumo de energia electrica. Los resultados de la medicion de impactos se cruzan con los costos y beneficios economicos, para presentar un panorama completo en cuanto a aspectos economicos, sociales y ambientales. En las conclusiones se rescatan los resultados de interes y se proponen las inserciones de

Preparing Adults to Work with Youth: An Environmental Scan of Professional Development

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jennifer Gerdes

2013-06-01

Full Text Available This feature article shares the results of a national environmental scan conducted to identify professional development programs offered for school age providers across the nation through the Cooperative Extension System. A purposeful sample comprised of representatives from state extension offices throughout the country included 135 respondents from 48 states. Results showed 139 professional development programs for school age providers were offered through the Cooperative Extension System. The majority of programs offered professional development in the areas of health, nutrition, safety, youth development, and quality afterschool environments. This article summarizes the findings of the environmental scan, including number of contact hours, program scope, and program partners, as well as discussion and recommendations for future work in this area.

The Environmental Scanning Function of Public Relations Practitioners and Participation in Management Decision Making.

Science.gov (United States)

Dozier, David M.

Focusing on the concepts of scanning (gathering information about segments of the public, their reactions to the organization, and their opinions about issues important to the organization), decision making, and roles, a study examined the relationship between environmental scanning and the participation of public relations practitioners in…

Historical Ambient Air Quality Data Inventory

Data.gov (United States)

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency — The Historical Ambient Air Quality Data Inventory contains measured and estimated data on ambient air pollution for use in assessing air quality, assisting in...

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE: MULTIPLE CASE STUDIES GESTÃO AMBIENTAL E ESTRUTURA ORGANIZACIONAL: ESTUDO DE MÚLTIPLOS CASOS

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Ana Beatriz Lopes de Sousa Jabbour

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The main objective of this article is to analyze the insertion of environmental management in theorganizational structure of 9 Brazilian companies, in search of a better relationship with the environment.Further, we intend to show an agenda with research opportunities for future research in this area ofknowledge. A theoretical review of the relationship between environmental management and organizationalstructure was done. This theoretical review was the big picture to development of 9 case studies withISO14001 certified companies located in São Paulo State. The results show that: (a for all the cases,environmental management is under quality management area; (b only two companies adopt moreadvanced environmental management practices and these two companies have more complex organizationalstructure; (c only two companies have the environmental management structure named “matrix”, while theother companies have the type named “limited environmental management insertion”; (d it is possible todevelop a framework designed to understanding the process of greening organization to the 9 cases in study.Further these results, we designed a research agenda as a guide to future research initiatives.O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a incorporação da gestão ambiental na estrutura organizacional de nove empresas brasileiras, engajadas na busca pela melhoria do seu relacionamento com o meio ambiente.Adicionalmente, persegue-se o objetivo de delinear uma agenda de pesquisas futuras para  o tema. Para aconsecução desses objetivos, realizou-se uma fundamentação teórica sobre estrutura organizacional e suarelação com a gestão ambiental organizacional. Essa construção teórica serviu de pano de fundo para arealização de nove estudos de caso, em empresas com certificação ISO 14001, localizadas no Estado de SãoPaulo. Os resultados indicam que: (a a área de gestão ambiental tende a ser subordinada à área de qualidade;(b dentre as

Harvesting Ambient Environmental Energy for Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey

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Gongbo Zhou

2014-01-01

Full Text Available In recent years, wireless sensor networks (WSNs have grown dramatically and made a great progress in many applications. But having limited life, batteries, as the power sources of wireless sensor nodes, have restricted the development and application of WSNs which often requires a very long lifespan for better performance. In order to make the WSNs prevalent in our lives, an alternative energy source is required. Environmental energy is an attractive power source, and it provides an approach to make the sensor nodes self-powered with the possibility of an almost infinite lifetime. The goal of this survey is to present a comprehensive review of the recent literature on the various possible energy harvesting technologies from ambient environment for WSNs.

La educación ambiental como una filosofía de vida / Environmental Education as a Life Philosophy

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Julio Coutiño Molina

2011-11-01

Full Text Available Recibido 08 de junio de 2011 • Aceptado 26 de agosto de 2011 • Corregido 10 de setiembre de 2011 Resumen. La educación ambiental (E. A. resulta de gran importancia en la conservación del medio ambiente al transmitir valores acordes al desarrollo sustentable. Sin embargo, ante el actual paradigma ambiental cabe preguntar: ¿es necesario abordar la E. A. desde una perspectiva más amplia o nuestra visión de ella es reduccionista? La relación de las personas con el medio ambiente necesita adecuarse a la problemática. Esto implica que los esfuerzos y principios de la E. A. deberían adoptarse a nuestra vida cotidiana y aplicarse en esta, haciendo de ella una filosofía de vida, derivada del fuero interno de cada persona, meditada y basada en principios éticos. De esa manera podrían lograrse acciones y actitudes más responsables y comprometidas, que nos beneficien con su cuidado. Un aporte quizá pequeño pero continuo. Abstract. Environmental education (E. E. is of great importance in preserving the environment, transmitting values based on sustainable development. However, given the current environmental paradigm, we must reflect on the question: is it necessary to approach E. E. from a broader perspective or are we seeing E. E. from a narrow perspective? People’s relationship with the environment needs to change. This means that the efforts and principles of E. E. should be adopted and applied in our daily live, making it a philosophy of life, deep inside each person, thoughtful and based on ethical principles. Thus more responsible and committed actions and attitudes could be achieved, which would contribute to environmental care. This may be a small, but continuous contribution.

Saúde do trabalhador e o desafio ambiental: contribuições do enfoque ecossocial, da ecologia política e do movimento pela justiça ambiental Workers’ health and the environmental challenge: contributions from the ecosocial approach, the political ecology and the moviment for environmental justice

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Marcelo Firpo Porto

2005-12-01

Full Text Available Este artigo relaciona o campo da saúde do trabalhador à temática ambiental, tendo por referências o enfoque ecossocial, a ecologia política e o movimento pela justiça ambiental, cada qual destacando uma dimensão específica: (1 no enfoque ecossocial destacamos a dimensão do conhecimento, com ênfase no desenvolvimento de análises integradas e na análise do papel da ciência e sua necessária renovação, sem a qual a luta política pode recair em ideologias simplistas baseadas em ciências positivistas e fragmentadas, as quais ignoram a complexidade dos problemas socioambientais e suas incertezas; (2 na abordagem da ecologia política e no conceito de justiça ambiental enfatizamos a dimensão do poder a partir da (reprodução das relações de dominação centro-periferias marcadas pelo desprezo sobre as pessoas e a natureza; e finalmente (3 no movimento pela justiça ambiental realçamos a dimensão da ação gerada pela consciência que inúmeros problemas ambientais possuem sua origem em um modelo de desenvolvimento injusto, particularmente para com as populações mais pobres e discriminadas. Nesse tópico destacamos a experiência da Rede Brasileira de Justiça Ambiental como um exemplo estratégico para o enfrentamento de problemas socioambiental em países latino-americanos como o Brasil.This article links the workers’ health and the environmental issue, using as references the ecosocial approach, the political ecology and the movement for environmental justice. Each reference detaches a specific dimension: (1 the ecosocial approach emphasizes the dimension of knowledge through the development of integrated assessment and the new role of science in order to surpass simplistic ideologies based on positivism and fragmentation, which ignore the complexity of socio-environmental problems and their uncertainties; (2 the political ecology and the concept of environmental justice discuss the dimension of power, in which socio-environmental

Environmental framework for the development of the Los Humeros, Puebla geothermal field; Contexto ambiental del desarrollo del campo geotermico de Los Humeros, Puebla

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pastrana Melchor, Eugenio J.; Fernandez Solorzano, Maria Elena; Mendoza Rangel, Ernesto; Hernandez Ayala, Cuauhtemoc [Comision Federal de Electricidad, Morelia, Michoacan (Mexico)

2005-06-01

The construction, operation and maintenance of the Los Humeros, Puebla, geothermal field were undertaken in accordance with Mexican environmental regulations. The resolutions on environmental impacts, license for atmospheric pollution prevention, concession title for exploitation and use of national waters, permission for wastewater discharging services, company registration for producing dangerous wastes and fulfillment of all conditions noted in the documents show the applicable environmental laws for the project have been followed. [Spanish] La construccion, operacion y mantenimiento del campo geotermoelectrico Los Humeros, Puebla, se ha llevado a cabo dentro del marco juridico ambiental vigente en Mexico. Las resoluciones en materia de impacto ambiental, la licencia en materia de prevencion de la contaminacion de la atmosfera, el titulo de concesion para explorar, usar o aprovechar aguas nacionales, el permiso para descargar aguas residuales domesticas, el registro como empresa generadora de residuos peligrosos, y el cumplimiento de las disposiciones y condicionantes establecidos en cada uno de estos documentos, evidencian la observancia de la legislacion ambiental aplicable al proyecto.

Effect of ambient humidity on the strength of the adhesion force of single yeast cell inside environmental-SEM

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shen, Yajing; Nakajima, Masahiro; Ridzuan Ahmad, Mohd; Kojima, Seiji; Homma, Michio; Fukuda, Toshio

2011-01-01

A novel method for measuring an adhesion force of single yeast cell is proposed based on a nanorobotic manipulation system inside an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). The effect of ambient humidity on a single yeast cell adhesion force was studied. Ambient humidity was controlled by adjusting the chamber pressure and temperature inside the ESEM. It has been demonstrated that a thicker water film was formed at a higher humidity condition. The adhesion force between an atomic force microscopy (AFM) cantilever and a tungsten probe which later on known as a substrate was evaluated at various humidity conditions. A micro-puller was fabricated from an AFM cantilever by use of focused ion beam (FIB) etching. The adhesion force of a single yeast cell (W303) to the substrate was measured using the micro-puller at the three humidity conditions: 100%, 70%, and 40%. The results showed that the adhesion force between the single yeast cell and the substrate is much smaller at higher humidity condition. The yeast cells were still alive after being observed and manipulated inside ESEM based on the result obtained from the re-culturing of the single yeast cell. The results from this work would help us to understand the ESEM system better and its potential benefit to the single cell analysis research. -- Research highlights: → A nanorobotic manipulation system was developed inside an ESEM. → A micro-puller was designed for single yeast cell adhesion force measurement. → Yeast cells were still alive after being observed and manipulated inside ESEM. → Yeast cell adhesion force to substrate is smaller at high humidity condition than at low humidity condition.

Effect of ambient humidity on the strength of the adhesion force of single yeast cell inside environmental-SEM

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shen, Yajing, E-mail: shen@robo.mein.nagoya-u.ac.jp [Department of Micro-Nano Systems Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603 (Japan); Nakajima, Masahiro [Department of Micro-Nano Systems Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603 (Japan); Ridzuan Ahmad, Mohd [Department of Mechatronics and Robotics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310 (Malaysia); Kojima, Seiji; Homma, Michio [Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602 (Japan); Fukuda, Toshio [Department of Micro-Nano Systems Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603 (Japan)

2011-07-15

A novel method for measuring an adhesion force of single yeast cell is proposed based on a nanorobotic manipulation system inside an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). The effect of ambient humidity on a single yeast cell adhesion force was studied. Ambient humidity was controlled by adjusting the chamber pressure and temperature inside the ESEM. It has been demonstrated that a thicker water film was formed at a higher humidity condition. The adhesion force between an atomic force microscopy (AFM) cantilever and a tungsten probe which later on known as a substrate was evaluated at various humidity conditions. A micro-puller was fabricated from an AFM cantilever by use of focused ion beam (FIB) etching. The adhesion force of a single yeast cell (W303) to the substrate was measured using the micro-puller at the three humidity conditions: 100%, 70%, and 40%. The results showed that the adhesion force between the single yeast cell and the substrate is much smaller at higher humidity condition. The yeast cells were still alive after being observed and manipulated inside ESEM based on the result obtained from the re-culturing of the single yeast cell. The results from this work would help us to understand the ESEM system better and its potential benefit to the single cell analysis research. -- Research highlights: {yields} A nanorobotic manipulation system was developed inside an ESEM. {yields} A micro-puller was designed for single yeast cell adhesion force measurement. {yields} Yeast cells were still alive after being observed and manipulated inside ESEM. {yields} Yeast cell adhesion force to substrate is smaller at high humidity condition than at low humidity condition.

Preliminary testing of the Scanning Laser Environmental Airborne Fluorosensor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brown, C.E.; Marois, R.; Fingas, M.F.; Mullin, J.V.

2000-01-01

The installation and testing program of the Scanning Laser Environmental Airborne Fluorosensor (SLEAF) on Environment Canada's DC-3 aircraft was described and the capabilities of the new system were presented. SLEAF is a new generation of laser fluorosensor designed to provide prompt reliable detection and mapping of oil pollution in different marine and terrestrial environments. It consists of a high-power excimer laser, high-resolution range-gated intensified diode-array spectrometer, and a pair of variable speed and angular displacement scanning mirrors. SLEAF is capable of detecting narrow bands of oil that can pile up along the high tide lines of beaches and shorelines, including those that contain ice and snow. It also has the added benefit of providing real-time detection. SLEAF will be declared operational for emergency response personnel when the initial test flight program will be completed in the near future. 9 refs., 2 figs

Environmental taxation: protecting environment through extrafiscal taxing Tributação ambiental: o tributo extrafiscal como forma de proteção do meio ambiente

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luiz Ernani Bonesso de Araújo

2007-12-01

Full Text Available The role of State in preserving the environment has revealed to be essential, seen that by interfering in economic activities it can establish the minimal regulation to be observed by society. Among the economic instruments employed by the modern State to protect environment it is the establishment of taxing, which constitutes source of profit from public means used in the financial activity and that can be employed either in its fiscal and extrafiscal aspect. Thus, the study contemplates a reflection upon Environmental taxation, delimitating in the ways of a form to protecting environment.A atuação do Estado na preservação do meio ambiente tem se revelado imprescindível, pois mediante sua intervenção nas atividades econômicas ele pode estabelecer regras mínimas a serem observadas pela sociedade. Dentre os instrumentos econômicos usados pelo Estado moderno para a preservação do meio ambiente está o tributo, que constitui fonte de receita pública empregada na atividade financeira e pode ser utilizado tanto em seu aspecto fiscal quanto em seu aspecto extrafiscal. Diante deste contexto, o estudo contempla uma reflexão sobre a Tributação Ambiental, tendo como delimitação o tributo extrafiscal como forma de proteção do meio ambiente.

Attitudes of University Students towards the Environment: Environmental Education and Innovation = Actitudes del alumnado universitario hacia el Medio Ambiente: Educación Ambiental e Innovación

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Macarena Esteban Ibáñez

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Resumen: El presente artículo forma parte de un Proyecto de Innovación Docente subvencionado por la Dirección General de Formación e Innovación y el Vicerrectorado de Cultura y Compromiso Social de la Universidad Pablo de Olavide (UPO y en el que participan todas las Universidades Andaluzas. Nuestro estudio se centrará en la UPO cuyos destinatarios serán el alumnado de primer curso de una asignatura obligatoria del Grado de Ciencias Ambientales y el de tercer curso del Grado de Educación Social. Nuestra finalidad es la de analizar los conocimientos del alumnado universitario con respecto al Medio Ambiente y la Educación Ambiental para averiguar cuáles serán sus comportamientos y las acciones que llevarían a cabo para mejorar el entorno que les rodea. Todo esto con el fin de desarrollar una Educación Ambiental acorde a los resultados obtenidos y reforzar la labor docente en las aulas universitarias.Abstract: This article forms part of a Teaching Innovation Project subsidised by the Directorate General of Training and Innovation and the Vice-Rectorate for Culture and Social Commitment of the Pablo de Olavide University (UPO in collaboration with all the Andalusian Universities. Our work is performed at the UPO and recipients will be first-year students of a core subject of the Degree in Environmental Sciences and the third-year students of the Degree in Social Education. Our purpose is to analyse the knowledge of university students with respect to the Environment and Environmental Education to find out their behaviour and the actions they would take to improve the environment around them. This is all for the purpose of developing an Environmental Education according to the findings obtained and to reinforce the teaching work in university classrooms.

Educação ambiental, qualidade de vida e sustentabilidade Environmental education, quality of life and sustentability

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Cecília Focesi Pelicioni

1998-12-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo procura mostrar que uma nova visão de mundo está ganhando cada vez mais espaço entre as pessoas por meio da Educação Ambiental, a qual objetiva a melhoria da qualidade de vida no planeta. A Educação Ambiental busca a valorização da vida, a formação de um novo estilo de vida, sem consumismo excessivo, sem o desperdício de recursos e sem degradação ambiental. Apresenta também a opinião de alguns autores a respeito do "desenvolvimento sustentável" como uma forma de crescimento econômico aliada à justiça social e à satisfação das necessidades dos excluídos.This paper intends to show that Environmental Education is spreading a new vision of the world among people, aiming at improving the quality of life around the planet. It concerns the valorization of life, the need of adopting a new life-style without excessive consumism, without the misuse of resources and withnet environmental degradation. It also shows the opinions of several authors about the "sustainable development" as a form of development that provides economical growth with social justice and the satisfaction of the needs of poor people.

Análise de confiabilidade do SICOGEA - sistema contábil gerencial e ambiental = Reliability analysis of SICOGEA - management and environmental accounting system

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Bernadete Limongi

2013-07-01

Full Text Available A área ambiental tem sido discutida por vários profissionais, porém pouco ainda se relata sobre a Contabilidade Ambiental. Assim, a fim de criar um sistema que pudesse fornecer dados ambientais e contabilizá-los, optou-se pela realização do SICOGEA - Sistema Contábil-Gerencial Ambiental. Antes, porém, fazia-se necessário realizar uma análise de confiabilidade. Entrevistas semiestruturadas foram realizadas com profissionais de diversas áreas. Foram enviados, via e-mail, 55 instrumentos de análise, dos quais 53 retornaram, em 30 dias. Na análise empreendida verificou-se, como vantagem inicial da gestão ambiental, o envolvimento da sociedade, pois, conhecendo a realidade local, as possibilidades de solução para as questões ambientais tornam-se mais exequíveis. Percebeu-se uma relação entre as respostas aos questionários e a atividade profissional e acadêmica dos inquiridos: aqueles envolvidos mais diretamente com a área ambiental não demonstraram preocupação com lucratividade, mas aqueles voltados à área econômica entenderam que a gestão ambiental somente terá sucesso quando trouxer vantagem econômica. Percebeuse, pois, entre estes últimos, uma clara preocupação com a sobrevivência no mercado. E é nesse contexto que se insere o SICOGEA, uma nova alternativa de gestão e Contabilidade Ambiental, pois é um sistema que pode ajudar a elucidar a problemática ambiental e possibilitar o uso de tecnologias simples e eficientes, visando à preservação, ao mesmo tempo em que atende às exigências da legislação vigente. Environment has been discussed by many experts but there is not much reported on Environmental Accounting. Thus, in order to obtain a system which is capable of furnishing environmental data and registering them, SICOGEAwas created. It is an Environmental Managing and Accounting System. Before that a reliability test was applied. Semi-structured interviews with different professionals were undertaken

A HERMENÊUTICA AMBIENTAL E A RESPONSABILIZAÇÃO PELO DANO MORAL AMBIENTAL OBJETIVO / THE ENVIRONMENTAL INTERPRETATION AND THE RESPONSABILITY FOR THE MORAL OBJECTIVE ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE

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Márcia Rodrigues Bertoldi

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Resumo: O princípio da responsabilidade impõe um imperativo moral, no sentido de que se deve agir de modo que os direitos estabelecidos sejam compatíveis com a permanência de uma autêntica vida humana na Terra. É com a intenção de atar firmemente a efetiva responsabilização pelo dano ambiental ao imperativo moral em seu viés preventivo e repressivo que este trabalho se põe em marcha. Os modos de vida humanos individuais e coletivos das sociedades ocidentais evoluem no sentido de uma progressiva deterioração do meio ambiente. É a relação da subjetividade com sua exterioridade que se encontra comprometida. Se não houver uma rearticulação dos três registros fundamentais da ecologia – subjetivo, social e ambiental –, podemos, infelizmente, pressagiar a escalada de todos os perigos que envolvem a sociedade atual. Em lugar da relação harmônica e sustentável com o meio ambiente, as sociedades de consumo introduziram a ideia da subjetividade que constrói o mundo que a circunda. A relação do sujeito com o mundo no qual se encontra deve ser sua principal preocupação. Para isso, torna-se imprescindível um envolvimento com a efetiva proteção do meio ambiente, caso se queira manter a vida na Terra para as presentes e futuras gerações. A implementação de uma hermenêutica jurídica eminentemente ambiental é o caminho jurídico para a efetiva proteção do chamado bem ambiental, considerando-se as especificidades do bem em comento. Na esteira dessa hermenêutica, o dano moral ambiental objetivo encontra respaldo, e o seu agente pode ser responsabilizado. Palavras-chave: Hermenêutica ambiental. Risco ambiental. Dano moral ambiental objetivo.

Development of a map of environmental radiation in Aragon; Elaboracion de un mapa de radiacion ambiental en Aragon

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Calvete, H. I.; Carrion, J. A.; Gale, C.; Garcia, B.; Nunez-Lagos, R.; Perez, C.; Puimedon, J.; Rodriguez, S.; Sanchez, P.; Sarsa, M. L.; Villar, J. A.; Virto, A.

2013-06-01

This paper presents the results of the measurements of the environmental radioactivity levels obtained in selected locations of the 33 administrative divisions of the Autonomous Region of Aragon (Spain). The ambient dose levels have been recorded by using thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) during a period of four years (2008-2012). the average ambient dose equivalent H (10) level in Aragon is 0.82 mSv/year. This research has been supported by the Aragon Government and the Obra Social de la Caixa under the grants GA-LC-014/2008 and GA-LC-035/2010. (Author) 6 refs.

Identification and analysis of the environmental management documentation related to the activities of environmental and chemical analysis laboratories; Identificacao e analise da documentacao pertinente a gestao ambiental relacionada as atividades de laboratorios de analises quimicas e ambientais

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Otomo, Juliana Ikebe; Brandalise, Michele; Romano, Renato Lahos; Marques, Roberto; Szarota, Rosa Maria; Raduan, Rosane Napolitano; Salvetti, Tereza Cristina; Egute, Nayara dos Santos; Almeida, Josimar Ribeiro de; Aquino, Afonso Rodrigues de [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)], e-mail: araquino@ipen.br

2009-08-15

In the last years, many documents were elaborated by several countries and entities, concerning the environmental question. The implantation of and Environmental Management System requires specific documentation so that a company or laboratory can adjust themselves to the environmental quality. For laboratories of chemical, environmental analyses and also nuclear materials, the needs of attendance to the requirements of the following municipal, state and federal institutions were identified: Corpo de Bombeiros, CNEN - Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear, IBAMA - Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Renovaveis, ANVISA - Agencia Nacional de Vigilancia Sanitaria, PMSP - Prefeitura Municipal de Sao Paulo e a CETESB - Companhia Ambiental do Estado de Sao Paulo. (author)

Environmental psychology in the bioclimatic design; La psicologia ambiental en el diseno bioclimatico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cubillas Talamante, Lorena Gpe [Facultad de Arquitectura, Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California (Mexico)

2005-07-01

The bioclimatic design profits of the natural resources for the improvement of the construction quality as well as the user's life. The combination of these two concepts within the architectonic design generates an interesting duality to consider within the understanding of the user's physical and psychological environment and the obtaining of a correlation of reality and dreams. Environmental psychology is focused on the researching of the psychological effects of the architectonic environment on the human experience and behavior. Human behavior works under parameters established during its development. Through the habits and styles of life practiced in childhood those parameters establish themselves to later on obtain satisfiers in the search of the life quality of human beings. [Spanish] El diseno bioclimatico aprovecha los recursos naturales para el mejoramiento de la calidad de la construccion y vida del usuario. La combinacion de estos dos conceptos dentro del diseno arquitectonico, genera dualidad interesante de entender el medio ambiente fisico y psicologico de los usuarios y obtener una identificacion entre la realidad y los suenos. La psicologia ambiental se ha enfocado a investigar sobre la relacion de los efectos psicologicos del ambiente construido o arquitectonico sobre la conducta y la experiencia humana. La conducta humana trabaja bajo parametros establecidos durante el desarrollo del mismo, a traves de los habitos y estilos de vida desde su infancia van marcando esos parametros que despues sirven para lograr satisfactores en la busqueda de la calidad de vida de los seres humanos.

O uso de indicadores ambientais no acompanhamento de sistemas de gerenciamento ambiental

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Marco Antonio Gaya de Figueiredo

1996-06-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho visa apresentar a utilização de indicadores de performance ambiental no acompanhamento do gerenciamento ambiental. Sob este enfoque será apresentada uma visão geral dos sistemas de gerenciamento ambiental e dos atuais tipos de indicadores estudados. Como conclusão será apresentada uma visão de futuro referente ao gerenciamento ambiental.Process environmental performance evaluation is practiced by many industries, aiming to establish adequate environmental conditions, and to create a methodology for eliminating critical points from the productive process. This work describes the follow-up of environmental management through a selection of environmental performance indicators. A general review of environmental manegement systems is presented together with the most common used indicators. In conclusion, a future view of environmental manegement is discussed.

A gestão ambiental, novo desafio para a psicologia do desenvolvimento sustentável Environmental management, new challenge for a psychology of sustainable development

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Enric Pol

2003-08-01

Full Text Available Todo projeto industrial, desenvolvimento urbano ou oferta de serviço implica modificações em seu entorno, um impacto ambiental que pode afetar mais do que o local físico. Essas mudanças podem ser gestionadas positivamente, para minimizar seu impacto, ou podem ser ignoradas, deixando que o meio alterado (físico e social siga seu curso, normalmente em um processo de degradação cada vez mais acelerado. A forma atual de entender a gestão ambiental remete ao conjunto de ações preventivas e paliativas para minimizar os efeitos ambientais da atividade humana. A gestão ambiental é antes de tudo gestão do comportamento humano, tanto dentro como fora das organizações. A pergunta que devemos nos fazer é se a Psicologia Ambiental tem suficiente bagagem - ou se está disposta a desenvolvê-la - para fazer frente ao desafio e assumir a responsabilidade de estar presente na gestão ambiental. Este artigo revisa algumas novas propostas nesse campo.Any industrial project, urban development or service provision leads to changes in its setting - an environmental impact that can extend well beyond the immediate site. These changes can be managed positively, in an attempt to mitigate this impact, or they can be ignored allowing the transformed environment (in its physical and social aspects to continue along its path of change, often in an increasingly rapid process of degradation. Environmental management is today understood to include preventive and palliative actions aimed at minimizing the environmental impact of human activity. Environmental management is above all concerned with management of human behavior both within and outside organizations. The question that should be posed therefore is whether Environmental Psychology has sufficient experience - or whether is willing to develop it - to face the challenge and take on the responsibilities of being present within environmental management. This paper examines some new propositions in the

Environmental Scan of Weight Bias Exposure in Primary Health Care Training Programs

Science.gov (United States)

Russell-Mayhew, Shelly; Nutter, Sarah; Alberga, Angela; Jelinski, Susan; Ball, Geoff D. C.; Edwards, Alun; Oddie, Scott; Sharma, Arya M.; Pickering, Barbara; Forhan, Mary

2016-01-01

Negative attitudes and beliefs about individuals with obesity (also known as weight bias) have negative consequences for physical and mental health for individuals with obesity and impact the quality of care provided by health professionals. A preliminary environmental scan of college and university training programs was conducted consisting of 67…

Diagnosis of environmental marketing goods and services in the forestry sector Diagnóstico do marketing ambiental de bens e serviços do setor florestal

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Erlon Barbosa Valdetaro

2012-06-01

Full Text Available

It was collected and subsequent analysed advertisements and advertising campaigns for companies of forest products and services in nine magazines and 91websites of the forest sector, seeking for advertising and marketing actions that had some kind of environmental appeal as environmental terms, symbols with environmental appeal, certification seal and image with environmental appeal. The “environmental term” is present in 85,9% of 157 forest advertisements from different segments. The forestry sector has embraced the environmental marketing as a tool to adapt to the market, to meet an increasingly more critical and aware of current environmental issues.

doi: 10.4336/2012.pfb.32.70.105

Foram realizadas coletas e análises em propagandas e campanhas publicitárias de empresas de produtos e serviços florestais em nove revistas e 91 websites do setor, buscando propagandas e ações de marketing que tivessem algum tipo de apelo ambiental, tais como termos ambientais, símbolo com apelo ambiental, selo de certificação e imagem com apelo ambiental. O “termo ambiental” está presente em 85,9 % das 157 propagandas pertencentes a diversos segmentos florestais. O setor florestal tem adotado o marketing ambiental como ferramenta de adequação ao mercado, com o intuito de atender uma sociedade cada vez mais crítica e consciente das problemáticas ambientais atuais.

doi: 10.4336/2012.pfb.32.70.105

Maternal exposure to ambient air pollution and fetal growth in North-East Scotland: A population-based study using routine ultrasound scans.

Science.gov (United States)

Clemens, Tom; Turner, Steve; Dibben, Chris

2017-10-01

Maternal ambient air pollution exposure is associated with reduced birthweight. Few studies have examined the effect on growth in utero and none have examined the effect of exposure to particulates less than 2.5µm (PM 2.5 ) and possible effect modification by smoking status. Examine the effect of maternal exposure to ambient concentrations of PM 10 , PM 2.5 and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) for in utero fetal growth, size at birth and effect modification by smoking status. Administratively acquired second and third trimester fetal measurements (bi-parietal diameter, femur length and abdominal circumference), birth outcomes (weight, crown heel length and occipito-frontal circumference) and maternal details were obtained from routine fetal ultrasound scans and maternity records (period 1994-2009). These were modelled against residential annual pollution concentrations (calendar year mean) adjusting for covariates and stratifying by smoking status. In the whole sample (n=13,775 pregnancies), exposure to PM 10 , PM 2.5 and NO 2 was associated with reductions in measurements at birth and biparietal diameter from late second trimester onwards. Among mothers who did not smoke at all during pregnancy (n=11,075), associations between biparietal diameter and pollution exposure remained significant but were insignificant among those who did smoke (n=2700). Femur length and abdominal circumference were not significantly associated with pollution exposure. Fetal growth is strongly associated with particulates exposure from later in second trimester onwards but the effect appears to be subsumed by smoking. Typical ambient exposures in this study were relatively low compared to other studies and given these results, it may be necessary to consider reducing recommended "safe" ambient air exposures. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

PRINCIPIOS DE COMPETENCIA JUDICIAL INTERNACIONAL Y DE PROTECCIÓN DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE Principles of international jurisdiction and environmental protection

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Pía Moscoso Restovic

2011-01-01

Full Text Available ¿Como se resuelve el problema de la objetivación del vínculo de conexión cuando intervienen daños civiles y daños ambientales? Es decir, ¿podemos sostener que el fuero "lugar del hecho dañoso" puede determinarse con independencia de los sujetos que intervienen? ¿Es relevante el principio favor laesi en los casos de daño ambiental? Proponemos abordar estos problemas desde la relación que existe entre los principios de Competencia Judicial Civil Internacional y los principios de protección del medioambiente. Así, advertiremos que la mayor o menor extensión del fuero "lugar del hecho dañoso", adquiere connotaciones especiales si interpretamos armónicamente los principios de competencia judicial internacional y los principios de protección internacional del medio ambiente. En efecto, la política de protección ambiental, constituye un "valor superior del ordenamiento", y por tanto incide directamente en el juicio razonabilidad que el juez debe realizar sobre el vínculo de conexión. Si bien abordamos el problema desde la experiencia europea, las conclusiones tendrán validez universal.How to solve the problem of objectivity in the link between the court and the action, when engaging civil damages and environmental damages? In other words ¿ can we argue that the place of the harmful event can be determined independently of the persons involved? ¿Is favor Iaesi principle relevant in cases of environmental damage? We propose analyze those problems through the connections between International Civil Jurisdiction principles and environmental protection principles. In fact, environmental protection policy constitutes a "superior value". Therefore it affects directly the judge opinion about the connection link. Our approach is European, but the findings have universal validity.

Environmental enrichment for neotropical primates in captivity Enriquecimento ambiental para primatas neotropicais em cativeiro

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Vanner Boere

2001-06-01

Full Text Available Captivity is an extreme non-natural environment for primates. The success of a breeding colony depends of management and veterinarian procedures which must rely on the knowledge of primates' behavioral needs. Environmental enrichment consists of a series of procedures that improve the quality of life of captive animals by meeting their ethological needs. Enrichment can reduce stress, while increasing animal well being in captivity. Suitable ethical conditions, incidences of behavioral disorders, minimal clinical interventions, low mortality, higher reproduction rates and cost/benefit relationship, reflect directly on the quality of captive breeding colonies. Anthropoids like Neotropical primates possess complex neural structures and relate, in a sophisticated manner, to the environment. This review reports important experiences on enrichment procedures for Neotropical primates and the physiological events which could explain improvement of animal well-being.Cativeiro é um ambiente de extremos não naturais para primatas. O sucesso de uma criação de primatas depende do manejo e de procedimentos veterinários que devem considerar as necessidades etológicas dos animais cativos. Enriquecimento ambiental é um conjunto de técnicas que modificam o ambiente, resultando em uma melhora na qualidade de vida dos animais, ao satisfazer as suas necessidades comportamentais. O enriquecimento pode diminuir o estresse e melhorar o bem-estar. Primatas neotropicais se caracterizam por complexas estruturas neurais e se relacionam de maneira sofisticada com o ambiente. O enriquecimento ambiental pode aumentar a qualidade de uma criação ao adequar o manejo a padrões éticos aceitáveis, estimular o repertório normal do comportamento, diminuir a casuística clínica, diminuir a mortalidade, incrementar a taxa reprodutiva e maximizar a relação custo/benefício em uma criação. Esta revisão relata experiências relevantes nos procedimentos de

Design of a new reactor-like high temperature near ambient pressure scanning tunneling microscope for catalysis studies.

Science.gov (United States)

Tao, Franklin Feng; Nguyen, Luan; Zhang, Shiran

2013-03-01

Here, we present the design of a new reactor-like high-temperature near ambient pressure scanning tunneling microscope (HT-NAP-STM) for catalysis studies. This HT-NAP-STM was designed for exploration of structures of catalyst surfaces at atomic scale during catalysis or under reaction conditions. In this HT-NAP-STM, the minimized reactor with a volume of reactant gases of ∼10 ml is thermally isolated from the STM room through a shielding dome installed between the reactor and STM room. An aperture on the dome was made to allow tip to approach to or retract from a catalyst surface in the reactor. This dome minimizes thermal diffusion from hot gas of the reactor to the STM room and thus remains STM head at a constant temperature near to room temperature, allowing observation of surface structures at atomic scale under reaction conditions or during catalysis with minimized thermal drift. The integrated quadrupole mass spectrometer can simultaneously measure products during visualization of surface structure of a catalyst. This synergy allows building an intrinsic correlation between surface structure and its catalytic performance. This correlation offers important insights for understanding of catalysis. Tests were done on graphite in ambient environment, Pt(111) in CO, graphene on Ru(0001) in UHV at high temperature and gaseous environment at high temperature. Atom-resolved surface structure of graphene on Ru(0001) at 500 K in a gaseous environment of 25 Torr was identified.

Ciência e Sustentabilidade: a contribuição da educação ambiental Science and Sustainability: the contribution of environmental education

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Marcos Antonio do Santos Reigota

2007-06-01

Full Text Available No contexto político, científico e cultural da problemática ambiental, a educação ambiental tem uma história nos debates científicos e epistemológicos. A educação ambiental brasileira oferece sólidos elementos para mostrar que, apesar de todas as barreiras, outro tipo de ciência foi, está sendo feita e tende a consolidar-se. Com visões alternativas e paradigmas conseqüentes com a construção da sociedade sustentável orientada à democracia, justiça e ecologia. Sugere a análise da trajetória e a recepção dos pesquisadores para revelar o processo de constituição de conceitos (sustentabilidade e uma área de conhecimento (educação ambiental. Constata que a construção de uma sociedade sustentável é uma constante dúvida e utopia.In the political, scientific and cultural context of the environmental issue, environmental education has a history in the scientific and epistemological debates. Brazilian environmental education offers solid elements to prove that, in spite of all the difficulties, another type of science is being produced and tends to consolidate itself, with alternative views and consequent paradigms with the construction of a sustainable society oriented towards democracy, justice and ecology. The article suggests the analysis of the trajectory and the reception of the researchers to reveal the construction process of concepts (sustainability and a field of knowledge (environmental education. It concludes that the construction of a sustainable society is a constant doubt and utopia.

Environmental psychology in the bioclimatic design; La psicologia ambiental en el diseno bioclimatico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cubillas Talamante, Lorena Gpe [Facultad de Arquitectura, Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California (Mexico)

2005-07-01

The bioclimatic design profits of the natural resources for the improvement of the construction quality as well as the user's life. The combination of these two concepts within the architectonic design generates an interesting duality to consider within the understanding of the user's physical and psychological environment and the obtaining of a correlation of reality and dreams. Environmental psychology is focused on the researching of the psychological effects of the architectonic environment on the human experience and behavior. Human behavior works under parameters established during its development. Through the habits and styles of life practiced in childhood those parameters establish themselves to later on obtain satisfiers in the search of the life quality of human beings. [Spanish] El diseno bioclimatico aprovecha los recursos naturales para el mejoramiento de la calidad de la construccion y vida del usuario. La combinacion de estos dos conceptos dentro del diseno arquitectonico, genera dualidad interesante de entender el medio ambiente fisico y psicologico de los usuarios y obtener una identificacion entre la realidad y los suenos. La psicologia ambiental se ha enfocado a investigar sobre la relacion de los efectos psicologicos del ambiente construido o arquitectonico sobre la conducta y la experiencia humana. La conducta humana trabaja bajo parametros establecidos durante el desarrollo del mismo, a traves de los habitos y estilos de vida desde su infancia van marcando esos parametros que despues sirven para lograr satisfactores en la busqueda de la calidad de vida de los seres humanos.

Global environmental health and sustainable development: the role at Rio+20 Saúde ambiental global e desenvolvimento sustentável: o papel na Rio+20

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Gregg Lawrence Furie

2012-06-01

Full Text Available The Rio+20 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development represents a crucial opportunity to place environmental health at the forefront of the sustainable development agenda. Billions of people living in low- and middle-income countries continue to be afflicted by preventable diseases due to modifiable environmental exposures, causing needless suffering and perpetuating a cycle of poverty. Current processes of economic development, while alleviating many social and health problems, are increasingly linked to environmental health threats, ranging from air pollution and physical inactivity to global climate change. Sustainable development practices attempt to reduce environmental impacts and should, in theory, reduce adverse environmental health consequences compared to traditional development. Yet these efforts could also result in unintended harm and impaired economic development if the new "Green Economy" is not carefully assessed for adverse environmental and occupational health impacts. The environmental health community has an essential role to play in underscoring these relationships as international leaders gather to craft sustainable development policies.A Conferência da ONU Rio +20 sobre desenvolvimento sustentável representa uma oportunidade crucial para colocar a saúde ambiental à frente da agenda de desenvolvimento sustentável. Bilhões de pessoas que vivem em países de baixa e média renda continuarão a ser afligidas por doenças evitáveis devido a exposições ambientais modificáveis causando sofrimento desnecessário e perpetuando um ciclo de pobreza. Processos de desenvolvimento econômico atuais, enquanto aliviam muitos problemas de saúde e sociais, estão cada vez mais ligados a ameaças de saúde ambiental, abrangendo desde poluição do ar e inatividade física até mudanças climáticas globais. Práticas de desenvolvimento sustentável tentam reduzir o impacto ambiental e deveriam, em teoria, reduzir as

A percepção ambiental entre os habitantes da região noroeste do estado do Rio de Janeiro La percepción del medio ambiente entre los habitantes de la región noroeste de Rio de Janeiro Environmental perception among inhabitants of northwest region of the State of Rio de Janeiro

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Livia Melo Villar

2008-09-01

campañas y acciones de recuperación ambiental.A research was developed to evaluate the environmental perception of individuals living in Itaperuna City, located in the northwest region of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Between July and October 2005 a total of 243 individuals were interviewed concerning issues such as individual/environmental relation; individual actions in favor to environmental education; individual actions in favor to environmental area; concern about environmental impact and consumption; personal customs and environment. Based on the analysis of the answers of the individuals, a greater environmental perception was observed in elder individuals in relation to children and young adults. This result demonstrate that environmental education programs in this region should be focused on children and adolescents, in order to make these individuals more conscientious adults, since interviewed individuals presented great interest concerning environment issues and willingness to participate in campaigns and actions of environmental recovering.

Application of PIXE analysis to environmental samples stable element distribution in sea algae by scanning microprobe analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ishikawa, M.; Kitao, K.; Imaseki, H.; Ishii, T.; Uchida, S.

1984-01-01

The resolution of a 33+-3 μm microprobe focussed with quadrupole doublet installed at the 3 MV Van de Graaff of the National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Japan, was used for the present analysis. Brown algae, Hizikia fusiforme was the sample target bombarded with a 2 MeV proton beam collimated mechanically into a rectangular image of 100 μm x 700 μm. Scanning across the sample target prepared into a longitudinal section from the caulis of the algae provided the following observations. More than 12 elements such as Al, Si, P, Cl, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Br and Sr were determined simultaneously, together with their distributional information across the diameter. In the medullary layer, Mn and Zn were specific in their accumulation, while the deposition of Fe, Cu, As and Br were observed to be high in the epithelial layer, especially Fe and Cu which were found on the surface, where they contacted ambient sea water, but no significant change in pattern was indicated for such elements as Al, P and Cl. The PIXE microprobe analysis was, therefore, effective in its detectability for elements below a few ppm level, resultantly providing further possibilities for collecting information from bio-medical and environmental samples on trace characterization of elements. (author)

Valor ambiental em uma perspectiva heterodoxa institucional-ecológica: an institutional-ecological heterodox perspective Environmental value

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Maurício de Carvalho Amazona

2009-04-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho discute a perspectiva de valoração ambiental a partir de fundamentos heterodoxos, numa abordagem aqui denominada institucional-ecológica. Inicia-se pela identificação das principais limitações da abordagem neoclássica e suas correspondentes proposições de valoração, particularmente tendo-se em vista o desafio posto pelo critério de Desenvolvimento Sustentável. Em seguida, busca resgatar princípios propositivos de abordagens heterodoxas, particularmente nas formulações do campo teórico institucionalista e do campo teórico da economia ecológica, como elementos de potencial integração analítica para a constituição de uma conceituação heterodoxa de valores ambientais. Por fim, o trabalho propõe, a partir de uma discussão sobre o processo de formação e internalização dos valores ambientais e desse potencial de integração analítica, bases de constituição de uma abordagem institucional-ecológica para interpretação da valoração ambiental e, dentro dessa perspectiva, discute ao final qual o escopo de aplicação dos métodos de valoração correntemente utilizados pela Economia Ambiental Neoclássica.This article discusses an environmental valuation perspective, based on heterodox foundations, in an approach here called institutional-ecological. First, it is identified the main limits of neoclassical approach and its corresponding valuation propositions, specially having in mind the challenge placed by Sustainable Development criteria. After, it seeks to bring up propositive principles from heterodox approaches, particularly from formulations in the institutionalist field and ecological economics field. These are considered elements potentially able to analytical integration for the constitution of a heterodox framework for environmental values. Finally, based on a discussion on the process of environmental values constitution and internalization and on the so claimed analytical integration

Política de informação em saúde ambiental Information policy in environmental health

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Lia Giraldo da Silva Augusto

2003-06-01

Full Text Available É imprescindível uma política de informação em saúde ambiental capaz de monitorar as políticas públicas, os processos produtivos e todas as atividades econômicas, bem como as ações de intervenção que visem melhorar as condições ambientais e de saúde das populações. Este artigo busca discutir os princípios norteadores de uma política de informação em saúde ambiental que permite monitorar o desenvolvimento sustentável. Para tal as autoras partem de uma revisão bibliográfica referente às questões conceituais e controversas do desenvolvimento sustentável e às perspectivas metodológicas para o desenvolvimento de uma política de informação em saúde ambiental. Para as autoras, além da necessidade de se criar sistemas e serviços de informação e comunicação que proporcionem o alerta e o suporte indispensáveis às políticas intersetoriais, é fundamental que estas incorporem os elementos das ações sociais e da participação das comunidades na definição dos indicadores voltados para o monitoramento do desenvolvimento humano.It is essential to have an information policy in environmental health capable of monitoring public policies, the productive processes and all the economic activities, as well as intervention actions that aim to improve environmental conditions and the health of populations. This article seeks to discuss the key principles of an information policy for environmental health that allows monitoring sustainable development. To this end, the authors reviewed references related to the conceptual questions and controversies of sustainable development and the methodological perspectives for the development of an information policy for environmental health. According to the authors, in addition to creating information and communication systems and services that provide attentive and indispensable support to intersectorial policies, it is crucial that these policies include the elements of social

Assessing environmental inequalities in ambient air pollution across urban Australia.

Science.gov (United States)

Knibbs, Luke D; Barnett, Adrian G

2015-04-01

Identifying inequalities in air pollution levels across population groups can help address environmental justice concerns. We were interested in assessing these inequalities across major urban areas in Australia. We used a land-use regression model to predict ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels and sought the best socio-economic and population predictor variables. We used a generalised least squares model that accounted for spatial correlation in NO2 levels to examine the associations between the variables. We found that the best model included the index of economic resources (IER) score as a non-linear variable and the percentage of non-Indigenous persons as a linear variable. NO2 levels decreased with increasing IER scores (higher scores indicate less disadvantage) in almost all major urban areas, and NO2 also decreased slightly as the percentage of non-Indigenous persons increased. However, the magnitude of differences in NO2 levels was small and may not translate into substantive differences in health. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Looking Beyond School Walls: An Environmental Scan of Minneapolis Public Schools, 2004-2008

Science.gov (United States)

Alexander, Nicola A.; Choi, Wonseok

2015-01-01

We provide an expanded environmental scan to assess the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) faced by education communities. Grounded in the literature, we identified 48 indicators and grouped them into 6 broad categories: (1) budget levels, (2) funding patterns, (3) community needs, (4) external economic conditions, (5)…

Educación ambiental y participación ciudadana en la Escuela Normal Superior Distrital María Montessori (Environmental education and citizen participation at Escuela Normal Superior Distrital María Montessori

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Martha Stella Manosalva Corredor

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Resumen: Frente al deterioro de las condiciones ambientales, el equipo ambiental de la Escuela Normal Superior Distrital María Montessori de Bogotá y el “Colectivo Acción Ciudadana” convocan a instituciones gubernamentales locales y “ciudadanos habitantes de calle” a un diálogo de saberes para encontrar soluciones concertadas a la problemática ambiental. En el mismo sentido, el proyecto Educación ambiental y participación ciudadana: estrategias de una política de desarrollo sustentable de la ENSDMM trabaja en la propuesta del Plan Institucional de Gestión Ambiental, por lo que realiza una evaluación estratégica ambiental y señala que la educación ambiental y la participación ciudadana son posibles si logran vincular educación y gestión en la definición de los procesos, actividades y actuaciones, con principios de una ética de responsabilidad social, para alcanzar las metas ambientales sustentables.Abstract: With the aim of facing up to the deterioration of the environmental condition, the environmental team of Escuela Normal Superior Distrital María Montessori and “the Collective Citizen Action” convoke the local government institutions and “the citizen street inhabitants” to have a dialogue of knowledge to find concerted solutions for the current environmental problems. In the same sense, the project Environmental Education and Citizen Participation: Strategies for a policy of sustainable development at ENSDMM works on the proposal of the Environmental Management Institutional Plan. It helps to develop a strategic environmental evaluation and points out that the environmental education and citizen participation are possible if education and management are involved in the processes, activities and actions based on principles of social responsibility ethics to achieve the sustainable environmental goals.

Correlações entre ruído ambiental em sala de aula e voz do professor Correlations between classroom environmental noise and teachers' voice

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Rafaela Fernanda Guidini

2012-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Identificar se existe correlação entre ruído ambiental no interior da sala de aula, intensidade da voz e presença de alteração vocal em professores. MÉTODOS: Foi realizada medição do ruído ambiental em dez salas de escolas municipais de ensino fundamental. A intensidade das vozes das professoras foi medida durante atividade de ensino. Amostras de vogal prolongada [é] e contagem de 1 a 20 emitidas pelas professoras foram analisadas utilizando escala GRBASI. Os resultados obtidos foram correlacionados. RESULTADOS: A média de ruído ambiental sem a presença das crianças em sala de aula variou de 40 a 51 dB(A e com a presença das crianças de 45 a 65 dB(A. Entre as professoras, houve 70% de ocorrência de vozes alteradas no grau geral (G e 90% com tensão na voz (S, variando entre graus discreto e moderado. Constatou-se variação entre 52 dB(A e 68 dB(A na intensidade da voz das professoras, atingindo 7,48 dB(A acima do nível do ruído ambiental. Houve correlação entre a intensidade vocal das professoras e ruído ambiental na presença das crianças durante a aula. CONCLUSÃO: Os níveis de ruído ambiental em sala de aula são altos e se correlacionam com o aumento da intensidade das vozes das professoras. Embora com alta ocorrência de vozes alteradas, não é possível correlacioná-las com o nível de ruído ambiental.PURPOSE: To explore the existence of correlations between environmental noise in classrooms, voice intensity and teacher's vocal problems. METHODS: Environmental noise was measured in 10 classrooms of municipal elementary schools; the intensity of teachers' voice was measured during teaching practice; teachers' speech samples containing emissions of sustained vowel [é] and counting from 1 to 20 were analyzed using the GRBASI protocol; and the results were tested for correlation. RESULTS: The average of environmental noise varied from 40 to 51 dB(A without the presence of children in the classroom, and

Ambient Radon-222 Monitoring in Amargosa Valley, Nevada

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

L.H. Karr; J.J. Tappen; D. Shafer; K.J. Gray

2008-01-01

As part of a program to characterize and baseline selected environmental parameters in the region around the proposed repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, ambient radon-222 monitoring was conducted in the rural community of Amargosa Valley, the community closest to the proposed repository site. Passive integrating radon monitors and a continuous radon monitoring instrument were deployed adjacent to the Community Environmental Monitoring Program (CEMP) (http://www.cemp.dri.edu/index.html) station located in the Amargosa Valley Community Center near the library. The CEMP station provided real-time ambient gamma exposure and meteorological data used to correct the integrated radon measurements as well as verify meteorological data collected by the continuous radon monitoring instrument. Additionally, different types of environmental enclosures that housed the monitors and instrument were used to determine if particular designs influenced the ambient radon measurements

Soft X-Ray Microscopy and Spectroscopy at the Molecular Environmental Science Beamline at the Advanced Light Source

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bluhm, Hendrik; Andersson, Klas J.; Araki, Tohru; Benzerara, Karim; Brown, Gordon E.; Dynes, Jay J.; Ghosal, Sutapa; Gilles, Mary K.; Hansen, Hans C.; Hemminger, J. C.; Hitchcock, Adam P.; Ketteler, Guido; Kilcoyne, Arthur L.; Kneedler, Eric M.; Lawrence, John R.; Leppard, Gary G.; Majzlam, Juraj; Mun, B. S.; Myneni, Satish C.; Nilsson, Anders R.; Ogasawara, Hirohito; Ogletree, D. F.; Pecher, Klaus H.; Salmeron, Miquel B.; Shuh, David K.; Tonner, Brian; Tyliszczak, Tolek; Warwick, Tony; Yoon, T. H.

2006-02-01

We present examples of the application of synchrotron-based spectroscopies and microscopies to environmentally-relevant samples. The experiments were performed at the Molecular Environmental Science beamline (11.0.2) at the Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Examples range from the study of water monolayers on Pt(111) single crystal surfaces using X-ray emission spectroscopy and the examination of alkali halide solution/water vapor interfaces using ambient pressure photoemission spectroscopy, to the investigation of actinides, river-water biofilms, Al-containing colloids and mineral-bacteria suspensions using scanning transmission X-ray spectromicroscopy. The results of our experiments show that spectroscopy and microscopy in the soft X-ray energy range are excellent tools for the investigation of environmentally relevant samples under realistic conditions, i.e. with water or water vapor present at ambient temperature.

Environmental approach of companies within the pulp/paper, metallurgical and sugar/alcohol sectors Conduta ambiental de empresas dos setores de celulose e papel, siderúrgico e sucroalcooleiro

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Laércio Antônio Gonçalves Jacovine

2009-02-01

Full Text Available Companies have been witnessing major changes in their environment and environmental models have been developed aiming to improve their strategic planning. The objective of this study was to examine the environmental approach adopted by companies within the Pulp and Paper, Metallurgical and Sugar and Alcohol sectors, in order to evaluate their environmental performances. The analysis was based on a matrix which relates managerial functions with a set of environmental approaches and performance indicators, classifying the company environmental performance as weak, moderate or strong. The managerial functions approached in this model are: Management (General, Legal Affairs, Finance, Human Resources and Purchasing; Product and Process Development; Production and Maintenance; and Marketing. The analyzed indicators include: international insertion; capital origin and location. The pulp and paper and metallurgical companies obtained average scores of 54.5 and 51.56 points, respectively, being classified as having a strong environmental performance. On the other hand, the sugar and alcohol companies obtained average score of 46 points, being classified as moderate in environmental performance. The high level of environmental performance of pulp and paper and metallurgical companies can be attributed to the following factors: larger international insertion, presence of foreign capital in controlling shares, performance in the international market and company location near large population centers. Pulp and paper and mainly sugar and alcohol companies are less efficient in meeting the requirements of the environmental legislation, particularly those related to the conformity of permanent protected areas and legal reserves.As empresas têm presenciado transformações amplas no ambiente em que estão inseridas e, com o intuito de auxiliar no planejamento estratégico das empresas, têm sido desenvolvidos modelos ambientais. O objetivo desse estudo foi

Electronically-Scanned Pressure Sensors

Science.gov (United States)

Coe, C. F.; Parra, G. T.; Kauffman, R. C.

1984-01-01

Sensors not pneumatically switched. Electronic pressure-transducer scanning system constructed in modular form. Pressure transducer modules and analog to digital converter module small enough to fit within cavities of average-sized wind-tunnel models. All switching done electronically. Temperature controlled environment maintained within sensor modules so accuracy maintained while ambient temperature varies.

Contabilidade e Auditoria Ambiental como Forma de Gestão: um estudo de caso de um hospital = Accountancy and Environmental Auditing as Management: a case study at a hospital

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Danúbia Vegini

2008-11-01

Full Text Available A degradação do meio ambiente no contexto atual é decorrente do uso desenfreado dos recursos naturais pela sociedade. Diante disso, o governo passou a exigir uma política mais responsável das organizações. As empresas passaram a adotar medidas de gestão ambiental, sistemas de gestão ambiental, que gerem benefícios tanto para a organização quanto para a natureza. O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a contabilidade ambiental como instrumento gerencial, visando o desempenho e a sustentabilidade ambiental. A metodologia adotada é um estudo de caso em um hospital, utilizando-se de uma entrevista semi- estrutura da com o responsável pela área ambiental da instituição. A trajetória metodológica divide-se em três fases, sendo a primeira: fundamentação teórica do meio ambiente, gestão ambiental, auditoria, contabilidade e controladoria ambiental. A segunda fase envolve o estudo de caso, onde são realizadas primeira mente as entrevistas com base em uma lista de verificação, divididas em critérios e subcritérios. Na terceira e última fase apresenta-se análise dos resultados; a sustentabilidade parcial e total, bem como o planejamento 5W2H. No final, como resultado da pesquisa, verificou-se uma sustentabilidade global de 70,83%, considerada “regular”. Existem pontos fortes e fracos na gestão do meio ambiente, mas no geral ela apenas cumpre com a legislação.The current environmental destruction is the result of the unlimited use of naturalresources by our society. Because of that, the government has been demanding a moreresponsible policy from the organizations. Companies have started to adoptenvironmental management measures, environmental management systems that havebrought benefits for the organizations as well as for nature. This study has as its objectiveto analyze the environmental accountancy as a managerial tool, aiming at environmentalperformance and sustainability. The methodology applied is a study

Environmental pollution: influence on the operation of a sensor of radioactive aerosols; Contaminacion ambiental: influencia en el funcionamiento de un captador de aerosoles radiactivos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Duarte Rodriguez, X.; Hernandez Armas, J.; Martin Delgado, J.; Rodriguez Perestelo, N.; Perez Lopez, M.; Catalan Acosta, A.; Fernandez de Aldecoa, J. c.

2013-07-01

The content of radioactive aerosols in the air is an important component to estimate the ambient radiation dose. In the laboratories of environmental radioactivity, measurements of radionuclides in air they are performed using sensors. The flow picked up by the equipment can be changed if the degree of air pollution changes for some reason. It handles this study and the population doses are estimated due to inhalation of ambient air. (Author)

Paediatric patient navigation models of care in Canada: An environmental scan.

Science.gov (United States)

Luke, Alison; Doucet, Shelley; Azar, Rima

2018-05-01

(1) To provide other organizations with useful information when implementing paediatric navigation programs and (2) to inform the implementation of a navigation care centre in New Brunswick for children with complex health conditions. This environmental scan consisted of a literature review of published and grey literature for paediatric patient navigation programs across Canada. Additional programs were found following discussions with program coordinators and navigators. Interviews were conducted with key staff from each program and included questions related to patient condition; target population and location; method delivery; navigator background; and navigator roles. Data analysis included analysis of interviews and identification of common themes across the different programs. We interviewed staff from 19 paediatric navigation programs across Canada. Programs varied across a number of different themes, including: condition and disease type, program location (e.g., hospital or clinic), navigator background (e.g., registered nurse or peer/lay navigator) and method of delivery (e.g., phone or face-to-face). Overall, navigator roles are similar across all programs, including advocacy, education, support and assistance in accessing resources from both within and outside the health care system. This scan offers a road map of Canadian paediatric navigation programs. Knowledge learned from this scan will inform stakeholders who are either involved in the delivery of paediatric patient navigation programs or planning to implement such a program. Specifically, our scan informed the development of a navigation centre for children with complex health conditions in New Brunswick.

Educação Ambiental: tecendo trilhas, escriturando territórios Environmental Education: weaving trails, writing territories

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shaula Maíra Vicentini de Sampaio

2009-12-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho indaga sobre as estratégias educativas articuladas nas chamadas trilhas interpretativas de Educação Ambiental. Pergunta-se: que territórios são esses que recebem guias e estudantes em atividades de Educação Ambiental? Que perguntas são instituídas no decorrer do ato de caminhar? Quais são deixadas de ser enunciadas? Quais são as marcas que fazem de determinado percurso uma trilha? Quais territórios e quais trilhas conformam os caminhos percorridos pela Educação Ambiental? Para discorrer em torno dessas indagações o artigo foca duas experimentações diferentes. Primeiramente, abordam-se alguns aspectos referentes à construção de uma trilha interpretativa na comunidade do Pântano do Sul, em Florianópolis/SC. Sobre essa trilha, planejada para ser executada com alunos do ensino fundamental, indaga-se, sobretudo, sobre o processo que culminou na elaboração de seu traçado. Na segunda parte do trabalho, focam-se as trilhas interpretativas desencadeadas em um Parque Estadual de Proteção Ambiental localizado nas proximidades de Porto Alegre/RS. Para tanto, mostram-se os processos de disciplinamento dos sujeitos que estão em jogo nessas iniciativas, bem como a produção discursiva de uma natureza intangível operada nessas ações. As análises empreendidas no ensaio estão situadas no campo multifacetado e contestado dos estudos culturais. A partir desse campo, o trabalho discorre sobre as leituras da natureza que estariam sendo construídas nas atividades de Educação Ambiental focadas neste ensaio: as chamadas trilhas interpretativas. E mais, a partir dos estudos culturais indaga-se a instituição dos entendimentos sobre a natureza (e dos modos de agir em relação a ela a partir das práticas e dos discursos envolvidos desde o planejamento e a implantação de uma trilha interpretativa, até o momento em que é desenvolvido um trabalho educativo em tais espaços.This paper inquires into the

The impact of ambient dose rate measuring network and precipitation radar system for detection of environmental radioactivity released by accident

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bleher, M; Stoehlker, U.

2003-01-01

For the surveillance of environmental radioactivity, the German measuring network of BfS consists of more than 2000 stations where the ambient gamma dose rate is continuously measured. This network is a helpful tool to detect and localise enhanced environmental contamination from artificial radionuclides. The threshold for early warning is so low, that already an additional dose rate contribution of 0,07 μGy/h is detectable. However, this threshold is frequently exceeded due to precipitation events caused by washout of natural activity in air. Therefore, the precipitation radar system of the German Weather Service provides valuable information on the problem, whether the increase of the ambient dose rate is due to natural or man-made events. In case of an accidental release, the data of this radar system show small area precipitation events and potential local hot spots not detected by the measuring network. For the phase of cloud passage, the ambient dose rate measuring network provides a reliable database for the evaluation of the current situation and its further development. It is possible to compare measured data for dose rate with derived intervention levels for countermeasures like ''sheltering''. Thus, critical regions can be identified and it is possible to verify implemented countermeasures. During and after this phase of cloud passage the measured data of the monitoring network help to adapt the results of the national decision support systems PARK and RODOS. Therefore, it is necessary to derive the actual additional contribution to the ambient dose rate. Map representations of measured dose rate are rapidly available and helpful to optimise measurement strategies of mobile systems and collection strategies for samples of agricultural products. (orig.)

Environmental Scanning in Acquisition and Use of Information by the Managers of Private Publishers in Tehran City

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fahimeh Babalhavaeji

2012-02-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this study was the investigation of managers of private publishers of Tehran (MPPT in using at information source to acquire information about their organization's external environment and to use it on decision-making. Research methods were analytical survey and statistic population 260 managers for research was selected by random sampling methods from Morgan table. Questionnaires were used as an instrument for data collecting and sent to publishers by email. In this study, environmental scanning, information source, information source accessibility selected as dependent variable, and measured with MPPT as independent variable. Binomial test and Pearson correlation analysis test were used for analyzing questions and hypothesis. The investigation results showed that findings from research questions results indicated significant relationship among independent variables (MPPT with the dependent variables- environmental scanning, information sources, source accessibility of information. In the external environment, the sectors of economic, customers and competitors were the most important environmental sectors, and information sources were also available under subordinate staff, internal memoranda, circulars were most important source of information and television and radio, government publications and periodicals periodic rate also have been used less. There was relationship between the source accessibility of information and the frequency of its use in environmental scanning statistically significant between levels of less than (P based on Pearson’s correlation analysis.

Structure, Mobility, and Composition of Transition Metal Catalyst Surfaces. High-Pressure Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Ambient-Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Studies

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhu, Zhongwei [Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)

2013-12-06

Surface structure, mobility, and composition of transition metal catalysts were studied by high-pressure scanning tunneling microscopy (HP-STM) and ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AP-XPS) at high gas pressures. HP-STM makes it possible to determine the atomic or molecular rearrangement at catalyst surfaces, particularly at the low-coordinated active surface sites. AP-XPS monitors changes in elemental composition and chemical states of catalysts in response to variations in gas environments. Stepped Pt and Cu single crystals, the hexagonally reconstructed Pt(100) single crystal, and Pt-based bimetallic nanoparticles with controlled size, shape and composition, were employed as the model catalysts for experiments in this thesis.

Discutindo a educação ambiental a partir do diagnóstico em quatro ecossistemas no Brasil A discussion of environmental education on the basis of diagnostics of four ecosystems in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Isabel Cristina de Moura Carvalho

2005-08-01

Full Text Available Este artigo disponibiliza os principais resultados do estudo "Uma leitura da educação ambiental em cinco estados e um bioma do Brasil", realizado em quatro redes de educação ambiental. O estudo em questão foi concluído em novembro de 2004, respondendo à demanda da Rede Brasileira de Educação Ambiental e baseou-se nos dados dos diagnósticos realizados pelas seguintes redes: Rede Paulista - REPEA(SP; Rede Sul - REASUL (PR, SC e RS; Rede Aguapé (MT e MS/bioma Pantanal e Rede Acre - RAEA (AC para alimentação do Sistema Brasileiro de Informações Ambientais; Ministério do Meio Ambiente (SIBEA/MMA no período 2001-2003. O estudo teve como objetivos apresentar uma sistematização das categorias comuns pesquisadas em cada rede; discutir se é possível, a partir consolidação dos dados recolhidos, comparar as características da educação ambiental para as regiões pesquisadas; e, finalmente, destacar desafios, limites e oportunidades que se evidenciam no desenvolvimento da educação ambiental. Na análise dos dados são destacadas tendências como: a natureza das instituições que oferecem atividades de educação ambiental, na sua maioria instituições públicas e da sociedade civil e em menor escala, privadas; as instituições de educação ambiental e educadores/especialistas e pesquisadores concentram-se na região sudeste; predominam atividades de sensibilização/mobilização seguidas de capacitação em educação ambiental; o conceito de educação ambiental não apresenta uma compreensão consensual no conjunto das redes; existem mais projetos que programas de educação ambiental; predominam cursos de curta duração na formação do educador ambiental. Nas considerações finais são analisadas estas tendências à luz dos contextos políticos e educacionais e sugeridas questões para a reflexão sobre as relações entre educação ambiental e sua inserção social.This article brings the main results of a study

Transversalidad de conceptos de educación ambiental para un desarrollo sostenible presentes en la legislación argentina Environmental education as a crosscutting issue for sustainable developement concepts included in Argentine regulations

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lidia Giuffré

2007-07-01

instituciones de educación superior. Se asegura el derecho a la información, todo habitante podrá obtener de las autoridades la información ambiental que administren y que no se encuentre contemplada legalmente como reservada. Los aspectos más importantes acerca de la educación ambiental y el desarrollo sostenible son ejes transversales de leyes de distinta jurisdicción, pero deberá bregarse por el cumplimiento y control de dichos principios, debido a las características con las que se percibe al derecho ambiental, de baja eficacia y eficiencia.Population environmental education must be conveyed in all educational levels, in order to contribute to a deep knowledge of environmental protection laws. These include contents about environmental education, but with scarce diffusion and low adhesion. If environmental education could force a detailed knowledge about regulations, its application could be demanded by community actions. Moreover, environmental education is considered in regulations as a fundamental tool for sustainable development. There is a profuse legislation in Argentina, with more than 3,000 legal instruments of different hierarchical order and jurisdictional level. Three argentine laws were studied and compared: Environmental General Law (national: Law 25,675; La Pampa Environmental Law (province order: Law 1,914; and Environmental Education Law of Buenos Aires (city order: Law 1,687. These laws regulate the incorporation of environmental education in formal system (public and private schools and institutions, for all levels: initial, primary, secondary and university studies, non formal system (extra-curricular activities and/or extension inside the institutions, and non formal education (by means of massive instruments of communication and information. Environmental education is considered as the basic tool to generate values, behavior and attitudes according to a balanced environment, tending to the preservation of natural resources and their sustainable

O sistema municipal de meio ambiente no Brasil: avanços e desafios Environmental municipal system: advances and challenges

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rafael Doñate Ávila

2012-12-01

Full Text Available O papel dos governos locais, antes vistos como mero prestadores de serviços, vem evoluindo, pós-Constituição de 1988, para o de agentes do desenvolvimento local. Neste contexto, eles devem assumir o seu papel constitucional de zelar pelo meio ambiente, tomando a decisão de envolver-se com o tema e capacitando-se através da instituição de um Sistema Municipal de Meio Ambiente - SISMUMA. O SISMUMA é um conjunto de órgãos e entidades do Município que são responsáveis pela preservação, conservação, proteção, defesa, melhoria, recuperação e controle do meio ambiente e uso adequado dos recursos ambientais do Município. Este Sistema é uma estrutura político-administrativa que em última instância visa a inserção do componente ambiental no processo de tomada de decisão local, por meio da formulação, implementação e avaliação de políticas ambientais e integração com outras políticas, considerando a realidade e potencialidade de cada região, em conformidade com os princípios de desenvolvimento sustentável. Este artigo visa caracterizar e contextualizar o SISMUMA no Brasil, discutindo o seu papel estratégico na governança para a sustentabilidade municipal, entendida como processo de articulação e negociação que potencializa a integração do componente ambiental no processo de tomada de decisão local, e consequentemente, no processo de desenvolvimento local.After Brazilian 1988 Federal Constitution, the role of local governments is evolving from being seen as mere provider of services to being the local development agents. In this context, they must assume their constitutional role of looking after the environment, taking the decision of becoming involved in this matter and to qualify themselves by establishing a Environment Municipal System - SISMUMA. The SISMUMA is a group of municipal agencies and entities responsible for the preservation, conservation, protection, defense, improvement, restoration and

Criminología Ambiental: Los delitos ambientales/Environmental criminology: the environmental crimes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Israel Estrada Camacho (México

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Es del dominio público que la actividad humana- desde el punto de vista Social, Político, Jurídico e incluso Cultural- está provocando desajustes que sacuden al mundo. La contaminación del agua, el aire y el suelo; el deterioro de la capa de ozono; el calentamiento del planeta; la progresiva desertificación; la perdida constante de bosques y selvas, que a su vez causa la extinción de flora y fauna. México es considerado como uno de los países más ricos en biodiversidad. Razón de más para profundizar en el aprovechamiento y conservación de los recursos bióticos, de nuestro país. El Artículo cuarto de nuestra constitución política, en su párrafo 4to, consagra como una garantía el derecho a un ambiente adecuado para el desarrollo y bienestar. De este ordenamiento se desprenden muchas más normas jurídicas para proteger los recursos naturales. Por ello el presente trabajo abordo la temática ambiental y el paradigma en torno de los delitos ambientales, ya que ello nos permitirá comprender mejor el problema y de esta manera se podrá asumir un compromiso de manera más responsable, con la protección del medio ambiente en nuestro país.

Environmental tributary law: fiscal benefits to companies for protection of the fundamental right to environment Direito tributário ambiental: benefícios fiscais às empresas para proteção do direito fundamental ao meio ambiente

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Marlene kempfer Bassoli

2008-01-01

Full Text Available This work demonstrates that, for the materialization of the fundamental right to environment, it is necessary that the State intervenes in the Economic Order so as to implement environmental policies that redirect both private initiative and consumers to desirable practices. For such an aim, the efficiency of economic instruments is emphasized by means of the Environmental Tributary Law. Through tributes or concession of fiscal benefits it is possible to induce appropriate practices. This research confirms that the environmental tributary policies in Brazil should take the form of fiscal benefits, instruments considered more appropriate to discourage pollution and foment responsible environmental practices.Demonstra que para a concretização do direito fundamental ao meio ambiente é necessário que o Estado intervenha na Ordem Econômica a fim de implementar políticas ambientais que redirecionem a racionalidade da iniciativa privada e consumidores a práticas ambientalmente desejáveis. Para tal finalidade, enfatiza-se a eficiência dos instrumentos econômicos por intermédio dos institutos do Direito Tributário Ambiental. Por meio da instituição de tributos ou pela concessão de benefícios fiscais é possível a indução a práticas ambientalmente adequadas. Constata que a política tributária ambiental no Brasil deve ocorrer por intermédio de benefícios fiscais, instrumentos mais apropriados para desestimular a poluição e fomentar práticas ambientais responsáveis.

Issues management - Internet in environmental scanning. A strategic weapon or just another fancy toy? (situation in Finland)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kuorikoski, Pia

1998-01-01

The objective of the study is to find out how different international industrial companies in Finland use the Internet as a tool in the environmental scanning process and in issues management as well. Is Internet used at all in this respect? Prime target is to find an easy way to monitor future developments via Internet and in that sense be able to forecast the future issues and develop the process of issues management. The study is descriptive and its purpose is not to shake walls but realistically describe Internet's scanning possibilities in everyday life. Communication managers in eight different Finnish companies were interviewed. Issues management and environmental scanning are parts of an organisation's strategic planning. Strategic plans are not available even for academic researchers unless the results of the study are kept secret. The level of the results of this study is therefore practical and simplistic. This chapter tells briefly some of the results gained from research. It seems that at least big forest companies use Internet a lot but because of the strategic matters involved they did not reveal all their scanning details. In general it seems that communication managers in Finland don't yet use all the available possibilities that the Internet can offer to the process of environmental scanning. Internet is still quite a new tool. Traditional information gathering techniques are still more appreciated, for instance personal contacts with environmental activists are highly valued and a common way to get information about the future events. The culture of environmental activism in Finland has moved towards quite an open direction recently. Activists can call the companies' information personnel to let them know that they are going to demonstrate in the backyard of a company and invite international press to film the show - the actions are open. There are some militant groups, however, that operate differently and hints about their actions and current

Passivo ambiental: revisão teórica de custos na indústria do petróleo Environmental liabilities: theoretical revision of costs in the industry of the oil

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Carlos Alberto Bezerra Galdino

2004-01-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma revisão teórica sobre o passivo ambiental para uso de gestores públicos ou privados, bem como de pesquisadores no setor de exploração de petróleo. Essa revisão, além de apresentar uma definição de passivo ambiental, também define os tipos e técnicas de passivo coletadas pela Agência de Proteção Ambiental Americana (EPA, técnicas essas que objetivam a estimação de diversos tipos de custos ambientais, decorrentes de atividades passadas ou presentes, da produção de bens que causaram ou, provavelmente, venham a causar danos ao meio ambiente e, conseqüentemente, algumas implicações de natureza legal, econômica e social.The objective of this work is to present a theoretical revision on the environmental liabilities for use of public or private managers, as well as of researchers in the sector of oil exploration. This revision, besides presenting a definition of environmental liabilities, also defines the types and techniques of liabilities collected by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA, which aim the estimation of different types of ambient costs, resulting from past or present activities, of the production of goods that caused or, will probably, come to cause damages to the environment and, consequently, some implications of legal, economic and social nature.

Environmental disclosure: a study about evolution in companies comprising the environmental sustainability index A evidenciação da cultura organizacional voltada para a responsabilidade ambiental

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Irani Rocha

2011-10-01

evidenced by the organization. The rankings reveal that the companies had a higher rate of disclosure in the sites, much higher than the information the report of management. It also infers that companies use their website to express their attitudes and projects related to environmental management.Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo identificar indícios de cultura organizacional voltada aos aspectos relativos ao meio ambiente, por meio da análise dos relatórios de administração e nos sites das empresas que fazem parte do Índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial (ISE desde sua primeira composição. Nesse sentido, realizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva, por meio de uma análise de conteúdo com uma abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa. Apresentando como sustentação teórica uma rápida abordagem sobre Gestão Ambiental, Índice de Sustentabilidade Ambiental (ISE e Categorias Culturais e Variáveis Ambientais. Por meio do modelo desenvolvido com base nos indicadores de responsabilidade social empresarial do Instituto Ethos (2009 e posteriormente as empresas foram organizadas em rankings, utilizando-se Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP. A amostra da pesquisa constitui-se das empresas que compõem o Índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial da Bovespa desde o início, totalizando 14 empresas participantes. Os resultados demonstram que em 2006 ocorreu aumento significativo de evidenciação por parte das empresas. Mas, percebe-se aumento contínuo na divulgação de informações que demonstram a preocupação das empresas com relação ao meio ambiente. Atendendo assim as demandas da sociedade, respaldando sua crescente cobrança por transparência nas atitudes relacionadas ao meio ambiente. Desta forma, incorporando-se a cultura da empresa, sendo operacionalizada e evidenciada pela organização. Os rankings demonstraram que as empresas apresentaram um índice de evidenciação maior nos sites, muito superiores as informações dos RA. Infere-se que as companhias utilizam suas

Compact, single-tube scanning tunneling microscope with thermoelectric cooling.

Science.gov (United States)

Jobbins, Matthew M; Agostino, Christopher J; Michel, Jolai D; Gans, Ashley R; Kandel, S Alex

2013-10-01

We have designed and built a scanning tunneling microscope with a compact inertial-approach mechanism that fits inside the piezoelectric scanner tube. Rigid construction allows the microscope to be operated without the use of external vibration isolators or acoustic enclosures. Thermoelectric cooling and a water-ice bath are used to increase temperature stability when scanning under ambient conditions.

Monte Carlo simulation of secondary neutron dose for scanning proton therapy using FLUKA.

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Chaeyeong Lee

Full Text Available Proton therapy is a rapidly progressing field for cancer treatment. Globally, many proton therapy facilities are being commissioned or under construction. Secondary neutrons are an important issue during the commissioning process of a proton therapy facility. The purpose of this study is to model and validate scanning nozzles of proton therapy at Samsung Medical Center (SMC by Monte Carlo simulation for beam commissioning. After the commissioning, a secondary neutron ambient dose from proton scanning nozzle (Gantry 1 was simulated and measured. This simulation was performed to evaluate beam properties such as percent depth dose curve, Bragg peak, and distal fall-off, so that they could be verified with measured data. Using the validated beam nozzle, the secondary neutron ambient dose was simulated and then compared with the measured ambient dose from Gantry 1. We calculated secondary neutron dose at several different points. We demonstrated the validity modeling a proton scanning nozzle system to evaluate various parameters using FLUKA. The measured secondary neutron ambient dose showed a similar tendency with the simulation result. This work will increase the knowledge necessary for the development of radiation safety technology in medical particle accelerators.

Characterization of Burnt Clays by X-ray Diffraction Analysis, Chemical Analysis and Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Navrátilová, Eva; Neděla, Vilém

2016-01-01

Roč. 22, S3 (2016), s. 1862-1863 ISSN 1431-9276 Institutional support: RVO:68081731 Keywords : burnt clays * pozzolanic activity * amorphous phase * environmental scanning electron microscope Subject RIV: JA - Electronics ; Optoelectronics, Electrical Engineering Impact factor: 1.891, year: 2016

Overall environmental quality and cancer incidence

Science.gov (United States)

Cancer is associated with individual ambient environmental exposures such as fine particulate matter and arsenic in drinking water. However, the role of the overall ambient environment is not well-understood. To estimate cumulative environmental exposures, an Environmental Qualit...

Environmental management project of the Patache power plant project and associated transmission line; Gestion ambiental proyecto central termoelectrica Patache y linea de transmision asociada

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Carreno Paredes, Cristian [Compania Electrica Tapaca (CELTA, S. A.), (Chile)

1997-12-31

This report makes a brief description of the services developed by INGENDESA of the projects executed in the area of engineering as well as in the area of environmental matters. In a second instance a relatively detailed presentation is made of the most important background of the Chilean project: {sup E}nvironmental Management of the Patache Power Plant and the Associated Transmission Line-Compania Electrica Tarapaca (CELTA, S.A.) Region I{sup .} The justification for the construction of the power plant and the environmental problems associated with the same are described [Espanol] En el presente informe se hace una breve presentacion de los servicios desarrollados por INGENDESA, de los proyectos elaborados tanto en el area de la ingenieria como en la tematica ambiental. En segunda instancia, se hace una presentacion relativamente detallada de los antecedentes mas importantes del proyecto chileno {sup G}estion Ambiental Central Patache y Linea de Transmision Asociada - Compania Electrica Tarapaca (CELTA, S.A.) I Region{sup .} Se describe la justificacion de la construccion de esta central termoelectrica y los problemas ambientales asociados a la misma

Environmental management project of the Patache power plant project and associated transmission line; Gestion ambiental proyecto central termoelectrica Patache y linea de transmision asociada

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Carreno Paredes, Cristian [Compania Electrica Tapaca (CELTA, S. A.), (Chile)

1996-12-31

This report makes a brief description of the services developed by INGENDESA of the projects executed in the area of engineering as well as in the area of environmental matters. In a second instance a relatively detailed presentation is made of the most important background of the Chilean project: {sup E}nvironmental Management of the Patache Power Plant and the Associated Transmission Line-Compania Electrica Tarapaca (CELTA, S.A.) Region I{sup .} The justification for the construction of the power plant and the environmental problems associated with the same are described [Espanol] En el presente informe se hace una breve presentacion de los servicios desarrollados por INGENDESA, de los proyectos elaborados tanto en el area de la ingenieria como en la tematica ambiental. En segunda instancia, se hace una presentacion relativamente detallada de los antecedentes mas importantes del proyecto chileno {sup G}estion Ambiental Central Patache y Linea de Transmision Asociada - Compania Electrica Tarapaca (CELTA, S.A.) I Region{sup .} Se describe la justificacion de la construccion de esta central termoelectrica y los problemas ambientales asociados a la misma

Oxygen-free in situ scanning tunnelling microscopy

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Zhang, Jingdong; Ulstrup, Jens

2007-01-01

Scanning tunneling microscopy under full electrochemical potential control (in situ STM) has been used extensively as an efficient method to characterize microstructures at solid/liquid interfaces at the atomic and molecular levels. However, under ambient conditions oxygen may interfere in open i...

Avaliação da sustentabilidade ambiental do uso de esgoto doméstico tratado na piscicultura Environmental sustainability evaluation of the treated sewage use in aquaculture

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Emanuel Soares dos Santos

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a sustentabilidade ambiental do uso de esgoto doméstico tratado na piscicultura por meio do Índice de Sustentabilidade Ambiental para Reúso em Piscicultura (ISA RP, do Índice de Qualidade de Água para Reúso em Piscicultura (IQA RP e do custo ambiental (entropia. Observou-se, por meio do custo ambiental, que a piscicultura convencional causou a deterioração da qualidade da água que foi utilizada. Constatou-se que o sistema de piscicultura utilizando esgoto tratado, sem usar aeração, não causou efeito deletério significante à qualidade da água de reúso (efluente da estação de tratamento de esgoto - ETE. O sistema de piscicultura usando esgoto tratado, com aeração, resultou na melhoria de sua qualidade, quando comparado com o efluente da estação de tratamento, significando que essa prática resultou em um polimento no líquido utilizado. Ambos os sistemas de reúso de águas mostraram-se ambientalmente sustentáveis, o que indica a potencialidade do uso de esgoto doméstico tratado como fonte de água e alimento natural para a piscicultura.This work aimed to evaluate the environmental sustainability of the treated sewage reuse on aquaculture by using the Environmental Sustainability Index of Aquaculture Reuse (ESI AR, Water Quality Index of Aquaculture Reuse (WQI AR and environmental cost (entropy. For conventional aquaculture, a water quality deterioration of the fish tanks was observed by the environmental cost. When treated sewage was used in tanks without external aeration, it was not verified a remarkable water quality deterioration. However, for the tanks externally aerated and fed with treated sewage there was a water quality improvement, in other words a polishing step was taking place. All the systems analyzed showed to be environmentally sustainable, which indicates that the treated sewage can be considered a good water source for aquaculture.

75 FR 81126 - Revisions to Lead Ambient Air Monitoring Requirements

Science.gov (United States)

2010-12-27

... tons per year of lead is necessary to provide sufficient information about airborne lead levels near... Revisions to Lead Ambient Air Monitoring Requirements AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION...) that revised the primary and secondary National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for lead and...

Environmental Scanning, Futures Research, Strategic Foresight and Organizational Future Orientation

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rohrbeck, René; Bade, Manuel

to adjacent research disciplines. Through such integration and linkage research should produce better recommendations for managers on how to build an organizational future orientation, drive organizational adaptation, and make their firms robust towards external discontinuous change.......In this paper we explore the current understanding on how firms explore future changes and trends as well as plan their managerial responses. We review literature in four research streams: (1) environmental scanning, (2) futures research, (3) peripheral vision, and (4) corporate/strategic foresight....... Through the analysis of more than 250 articles we (a) trace the evolution over time, (b) highlight the linkages between the different research streams, and (c) give recommendations for future research. Overall we call for more cross-fertilization of the different research streams and a stronger linkage...

Status of ambient air quality at Barauni

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kannan, G.K.

1993-01-01

Due to industrialization, Barauni has become a well developed industrial estate to be considered as industrial hub of Bihar. Contemporary to the industrial growth, the environmental quality also gradually deteriorated. Hence a need was felt to know the status of ambient air quality for proper planning of the future growth of industries. The ambient air quality was monitored at 16 stations in and around Barauni industrial estate during 3 major seasons for the period of one year. The results are discussed as to the status of the ambient air quality and suggestion have also been made for improvement. (author). 5 refs., 2 figs., 7 tabs

Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope As A Tool For Imaging Of Native State Somatic Embryogenesis

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Neděla, Vilém; Hřib, J.; Svidenská, S.; Vooková, B.; Runštuk, Jiří

2012-01-01

Roč. 18, Suppl. 2 (2012), s. 1270-1271 ISSN 1431-9276 R&D Projects: GA ČR GAP102/10/1410; GA MPO FR-TI1/305; GA MPO FR-TI1/118; GA MŠk EE.2.3.20.0103 Institutional support: RVO:68081731 Keywords : environmental scanning electron microscopy * somatic embryogenesis Subject RIV: JA - Electronics ; Optoelectronics, Electrical Engineering Impact factor: 2.495, year: 2012

Saúde e meio ambiente nas cidades: os desafios da saúde ambiental

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nelson Gouveia

1999-02-01

Full Text Available Dentro de alguns poucos anos, nosso planeta contará com mais habitantes em áreas urbanas do que em áreas rurais. A urbanização desenfreada, sem mecanismos regulatórios e de controle, típica dos países periféricos, trouxe consigo enormes repercussões na saúde da população. Problemas como a insuficiência dos serviços básicos de saneamento, coleta e destinação adequada do lixo e condições precárias de moradia, tradicionalmente relacionados com a pobreza e o subdesenvolvimento, somam-se agora à poluição química e física do ar, da água e da terra, problemas ambientais antes considerados "modernos". Novamente, é sobre as populações mais carentes que recai a maior parte dos efeitos negativos da urbanização, gerando uma situação de extrema desigualdade e iniqüidade ambiental e em saúde. Para reverter esse quadro é preciso que haja uma reincorporação das questões do meio ambiente nas políticas de saúde, e a integração dos objetivos da saúde ambiental numa ampla estratégia de desenvolvimento sustentável. Uma abordagem mais integrada, com mecanismos intersetoriais que possibilitem um diálogo amplo entre as partes, trará enormes benefícios na conquista de melhores condições de vida nas cidades. A saúde ambiental hoje tem o desafio de promover uma melhor qualidade de vida e saúde nas cidades e a oportunidade de enfrentar o absurdo quadro de exclusão social, sob a perspectiva da eqüidade.In a matter of few years there will be more urban than rural dwellers worldwide. The rapid urbanisation lacking adequate control and regulatory mechanisms typical of developing countries, brought along huge effects to the health of the population Environmental problems traditionally related to poverty and underdevelopment such as insufficient provision of sanitation services, waste collection and disposal, and precarious housing conditions, are now added to environmental problems considered of "modern life" such as the

Biological applications of near-field scanning optical microscopy

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Moers, M.H.P.; Moers, Marco H.P.; Ruiter, A.G.T.; Jalocha, A.; Jalocha, Alain; van Hulst, N.F.

1995-01-01

Near-field Scanning Optical Microscopy (NSOM) is a true optical microscopic technique allowing fluorescence, absorption, reflection and polarization contrast with the additional advantage of nanometer lateral resolution, unlimited by diffraction and operation at ambient conditions. NSOM based on

2011 NATA - Risks and Annual Ambient Concentrations

Data.gov (United States)

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency — This dataset includes the modeled annual ambient concentrations and risks at the census tract level for the 2011 National Air Toxics Assessment. All concentrations...

75 FR 22126 - Office of Research and Development; Ambient Air Monitoring Reference and Equivalent Methods...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-27

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [FRL-9142-1] Office of Research and Development; Ambient Air Monitoring Reference and Equivalent Methods: Designation of One New Equivalent Method AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency. ACTION: Notice of the designation of one new equivalent method for monitoring ambient air...

76 FR 62402 - Office of Research and Development; Ambient Air Monitoring Reference and Equivalent Methods...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-10-07

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [FRL-9476-7] Office of Research and Development; Ambient Air Monitoring Reference and Equivalent Methods; Designation of One New Equivalent Method AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency. ACTION: Notice of the designation of one new equivalent method for monitoring ambient air...

75 FR 30022 - Office of Research and Development; Ambient Air Monitoring Reference and Equivalent Methods...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-05-28

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [FRL-9156-1] Office of Research and Development; Ambient Air Monitoring Reference and Equivalent Methods: Designation of One New Equivalent Method AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency. ACTION: Notice of the designation of one new equivalent method for monitoring ambient air...

Desigualdade ambiental no município de São Paulo: análise da exposição diferenciada de grupos sociais a situações de risco ambiental através do uso de metodologias de geoprocessamento Desigualdad ambiental en el municipio de San Pablo: análisis de la exposición diferenciada de grupos sociales a situaciones de riesgo ambiental a través del uso de metodologías de geoprocesamiento Environmental inequality in the City of São Paulo, Brazil: analysis of differential exposure of social groups to situations of environmental risk by using geoprocessing methodologies

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Humberto Prates da Fonseca Alves

2007-12-01

distribuidos de manera desigual entre los diferentes grupos sociales, así como el ingreso y el acceso a servicios públicos. Para comprobar esta hipótesis, se realizó un análisis comparativo de la dinámica demográfica y socioeconómica entre las poblaciones residentes en áreas de riesgo ambiental y aquéllas no residentes en estos tipos de área, con base en una tipología de la distribución espacial de los habitantes del municipio de San Pablo en tres grupos sociales (pobres, clase media y clase alta. Los resultados muestran que, en todos los grupos sociales, las poblaciones residentes en áreas de riesgo ambiental presentan condiciones socioeconómicas significativamente peores que las no residentes en esas áreas. Los resultados también revelan un aumento de la desigualdad ambiental, en el período reciente.This article represents an effort at making operational the concept of environmental inequality, in order to identify and analyze situations of environmental inequality in the City of São Paulo, Brazil, by using geoprocessing methodologies. The objective is to identify and measure the association between unfavorable socioeconomic conditions and greater exposure to environmental risks, by analyzing the level of risk exposure of different social groups in São Paulo. The results show that, in all social groups, people living in risky areas have much lower socioeconomic conditions than those who living in other places. The results also show that environmental inequality in São Paulo has been increasing in recent years.

Ambient ionization mass spectrometry: A tutorial

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Huang, Min-Zong; Cheng, Sy-Chi; Cho, Yi-Tzu [Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (China); Shiea, Jentaie, E-mail: jetea@fac.nsysu.edu.tw [Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (China); Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (China)

2011-09-19

Highlights: {yields} Ambient ionization technique allows the direct analysis of sample surfaces with little or no sample pretreatment. {yields} We sort ambient ionization techniques into three main analytical strategies, direct ionization, direct desorption/ionization, and two-step ionization. {yields} The underlying principles of operation, ionization processes, detecting mass ranges, sensitivity, and representative applications of these techniques are described and compared. - Abstract: Ambient ionization is a set of mass spectrometric ionization techniques performed under ambient conditions that allows the direct analysis of sample surfaces with little or no sample pretreatment. Using combinations of different types of sample introduction systems and ionization methods, several novel techniques have been developed over the last few years with many applications (e.g., food safety screening; detection of pharmaceuticals and drug abuse; monitoring of environmental pollutants; detection of explosives for antiterrorism and forensics; characterization of biological compounds for proteomics and metabolomics; molecular imaging analysis; and monitoring chemical and biochemical reactions). Electrospray ionization and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization are the two main ionization principles most commonly used in ambient ionization mass spectrometry. This tutorial paper provides a review of the publications related to ambient ionization techniques. We describe and compare the underlying principles of operation, ionization processes, detecting mass ranges, sensitivity, and representative applications of these techniques.

Ambient ionization mass spectrometry: A tutorial

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Huang, Min-Zong; Cheng, Sy-Chi; Cho, Yi-Tzu; Shiea, Jentaie

2011-01-01

Highlights: → Ambient ionization technique allows the direct analysis of sample surfaces with little or no sample pretreatment. → We sort ambient ionization techniques into three main analytical strategies, direct ionization, direct desorption/ionization, and two-step ionization. → The underlying principles of operation, ionization processes, detecting mass ranges, sensitivity, and representative applications of these techniques are described and compared. - Abstract: Ambient ionization is a set of mass spectrometric ionization techniques performed under ambient conditions that allows the direct analysis of sample surfaces with little or no sample pretreatment. Using combinations of different types of sample introduction systems and ionization methods, several novel techniques have been developed over the last few years with many applications (e.g., food safety screening; detection of pharmaceuticals and drug abuse; monitoring of environmental pollutants; detection of explosives for antiterrorism and forensics; characterization of biological compounds for proteomics and metabolomics; molecular imaging analysis; and monitoring chemical and biochemical reactions). Electrospray ionization and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization are the two main ionization principles most commonly used in ambient ionization mass spectrometry. This tutorial paper provides a review of the publications related to ambient ionization techniques. We describe and compare the underlying principles of operation, ionization processes, detecting mass ranges, sensitivity, and representative applications of these techniques.

Miniaturized Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope for In Situ Planetary Studies

Science.gov (United States)

Gaskin, Jessica; Abbott, Terry; Medley, Stephanie; Gregory, Don; Thaisen, Kevin; Taylor , Lawrence; Ramsey, Brian; Jerman, Gregory; Sampson, Allen; Harvey, Ralph

2010-01-01

The exploration of remote planetary surfaces calls for the advancement of low power, highly-miniaturized instrumentation. Instruments of this nature that are capable of multiple types of analyses will prove to be particularly useful as we prepare for human return to the moon, and as we continue to explore increasingly remote locations in our Solar System. To this end, our group has been developing a miniaturized Environmental-Scanning Electron Microscope (mESEM) capable of remote investigations of mineralogical samples through in-situ topographical and chemical analysis on a fine scale. The functioning of an SEM is well known: an electron beam is focused to nanometer-scale onto a given sample where resulting emissions such as backscattered and secondary electrons, X-rays, and visible light are registered. Raster scanning the primary electron beam across the sample then gives a fine-scale image of the surface topography (texture), crystalline structure and orientation, with accompanying elemental composition. The flexibility in the types of measurements the mESEM is capable of, makes it ideally suited for a variety of applications. The mESEM is appropriate for use on multiple planetary surfaces, and for a variety of mission goals (from science to non-destructive analysis to ISRU). We will identify potential applications and range of potential uses related to planetary exploration. Over the past few of years we have initiated fabrication and testing of a proof-of-concept assembly, consisting of a cold-field-emission electron gun and custom high-voltage power supply, electrostatic electron-beam focusing column, and scanning-imaging electronics plus backscatter detector. Current project status will be discussed. This effort is funded through the NASA Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences - Planetary Instrument Definition and Development Program.

Diagnóstico da Educação Ambiental no ensino de Geografia: Piracicaba, Capivari and Jundiaí hidrographic basins Environmental education diagnosis from geography teaching on public schools

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Arlêude Bortolozzi

2000-03-01

Full Text Available Este estudo objetivou buscar a integração entre a questão ambiental e o sistema educacional, detectando as potencialidades disponíveis nas escolas públicas de 1º grau, localizadas nas bacias hidrográficas dos rios Piracicaba, Capivari e Jundiaí no Estado de São Paulo, para o desenvolvimento de um processo educativo que inclua a temática ambiental. Analisando qualitativamente as atividades da chamada Educação Ambiental, faz o seu diagnóstico na rede oficial de ensino, levantando, registrando e analisando, através de questionários e entrevistas, as atividades desenvolvidas pelos professores que ensinam Geografia para detectar suas visões de crise ambiental e da própria Educação Ambiental. Procurando contribuir com a capacitação dos professores e a melhoria da qualidade de ensino, oferece sugestões para o desenvolvimento de programas interdisciplinares que permitam maior compreensão dos problemas ambientais da região, uma vez que esses envolvem tanto os aspectos do meio físico como também os socioeconômicos, políticos e culturais. Visa contribuir, sobretudo, para a construção da cidadania e a promoção de ações educativas mais adequadas à busca de soluções dos problemas ambientais das comunidades onde as escolas estão inseridas.The goals of this study are to identify the potencialities avaiable in elementary public schools for the development of an educational process wich includes environmental issues helpping to find its integration with university in order to contribuite raises teaching levels for a better comprehension of regional environmental problems. Research data were collected through questionnaires and interviews with geography teachers analyising theirs activities and perspectives on the environmental crisis and environmental education. The study also offers sugestions for the devellopment of interdisciplinaires programs trying to contibute for the construction of citizenship showing the importance

Environmental scan

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1988-01-01

Trends in current affairs and public policy that emerged in 1988 are analyzed to provide a tool for Atomic Energy of Canada's decision makers. This issue provides a general overview of the economic and energy environments; and international review of nuclear policies, equipment orders, and trends that will position Canada and AECL within the global nuclear community; a precis of Canadian public opinion polls on economic, environmental and energy issues; a summary of major trends identifies by Canadian opinion leaders from the public and private sectors; a review of opinions and recommendations of influential Canadian policy institutes; a report on government policies and actions that affect AECL directly or indirectly; an analysis of new coverage by print and electronic media; a review of anti-nuclear organizations; and conclusions and recommendations

Scanning probe microscopy experiments in microgravity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Drobek, Tanja; Reiter, Michael; Heckl, Wolfgang M.

2004-01-01

The scanning probe microscopy setups are small, lightweight and do not require vacuum or high voltage supply. In addition, samples can be investigated directly without further preparation. Therefore, these techniques are well-suited for applications in space, in particular, for operation on the International Space Station (ISS) or for high resolution microscopy on planetary missions. A feasibility study for a scanning tunneling microscopy setup was carried out on a parabolic flight campaign in November 2001 in order to test the technical setup for microgravity applications. With a pocket-size design microscope, a graphite surface was imaged under ambient conditions. Atomic resolution was achieved although the quality of the images was inferior in comparison to laboratory conditions. Improvements for future scanning probe microscopy experiments in microgravity are suggested

Actions in the electrical sector to propitiate the environmental protection; Acciones en el sector electrico para propiciar la proteccion ambiental

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Trevino Gaspari, Mateo [Fideicomiso de Ahorro de Energia (FIDE) (Mexico)

1997-07-01

The saving of electrical energy is one of the most efficient means to propitiate the environmental protection in the surroundings of the facilities used in the production of electrical energy. The emission of polluting agents associated with the electric power generation is analyzed, among them, CO{sub 2}, SO{sub 2} and NO{sub 2}, along with the particulate emission of ash or soot. In addition, an analysis is made of the contribution of the electrical energy saving to the environmental protection and the actions that the Comision Federal de Electricidad of Mexico will undertake on the electric energy saving for the 1995 to the 2000 period. [Spanish] El ahorro de energia electrica es uno de los medios mas eficientes para propiciar la proteccion ambiental en el entorno de las instalaciones usadas en la produccion de energia electrica. Se analiza la emision de contaminantes asociados con la generacion electrica, entre ellos, el CO{sub 2}, el SO{sub 2} y NO{sub 2}, junto con la emision de particulas de ceniza o de hollin. Ademas se analiza la contribucion del ahorro de energia electrica a la proteccion ambiental y las acciones que emprendera la Comision Federal de Electricidad de Mexico sobre ahorro de energia electrica para el periodo 1995 al 2000.

Improving three-tier environmental assessment model by using a 3D scanning FLS-AM series hyperspectral lidar

Science.gov (United States)

Samberg, Andre; Babichenko, Sergei; Poryvkina, Larisa

2005-05-01

Delay between the time when natural disaster, for example, oil accident in coastal water, occurred and the time when environmental protection actions, for example, water and shoreline clean-up, started is of significant importance. Mostly remote sensing techniques are considered as (near) real-time and suitable for multiple tasks. These techniques in combination with rapid environmental assessment methodologies would form multi-tier environmental assessment model, which allows creating (near) real-time datasets and optimizing sampling scenarios. This paper presents the idea of three-tier environmental assessment model. Here all three tiers are briefly described to show the linkages between them, with a particular focus on the first tier. Furthermore, it is described how large-scale environmental assessment can be improved by using an airborne 3-D scanning FLS-AM series hyperspectral lidar. This new aircraft-based sensor is typically applied for oil mapping on sea/ground surface and extracting optical features of subjects. In general, a sampling network, which is based on three-tier environmental assessment model, can include ship(s) and aircraft(s). The airborne 3-D scanning FLS-AM series hyperspectral lidar helps to speed up the whole process of assessing of area of natural disaster significantly, because this is a real-time remote sensing mean. For instance, it can deliver such information as georeferenced oil spill position in WGS-84, the estimated size of the whole oil spill, and the estimated amount of oil in seawater or on ground. All information is produced in digital form and, thus, can be directly transferred into a customer"s GIS (Geographical Information System) system.

Contos de Camp Wilde: tornando queer a pesquisa em educação ambiental Tales from Camp Wilde: queer(ying environmental education research

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Noel Gough

2011-04-01

Full Text Available Este artigo questiona o relativo silêncio da teoria e da teorização queer sobre a pesquisa em educação ambiental. Exploramos algumas possibilidades para tornar queer a pesquisa em educação ambiental ao criar (estimulando outras/os a fazer o mesmo narrativas de Camp Wilde, um local imaginário que nos ajuda a expor o fato de este ser um campo marcado por uma construção heteronormativa. Essas narrativas propõem métodos alternativos de representação e (reprodução do sujeito e do objeto de nossas indagações e nossas identidades como pesquisadoras/es. As/os colaboradoras/es utilizam-se de diferentes recursos teóricos como história da arte, desconstrução, ecofeminismo, crítica literária, estudos culturais populares e pós-estruturalismo feminista a fim de desenvolver uma nova orientação para a pesquisa em Educação Ambiental, a qual esperamos que jamais seja categorizada como um 'novo gênero'.This paper questions the relative silence of queer theory and theorizing in environmental education research. We explore some possibilities for queering environmental education research by fabricating (and inviting colleagues to fabricate stories of Camp Wilde, a fictional location that helps usto expose the facticity of the field's heteronormative constructedness. These stories suggest alternative ways of (representing and (reproducing both the subjects/objects of our inquiries and our identities as researchers. The contributors draw on a variety of theoretical resources from art history, deconstruction, ecofeminism, literary criticism, popular cultural studies, and feminist poststructuralism to perform an orientation to environmental education research that we hope will never be arrested by its categorization as a "new genre."

Trends in energy consumption in the transportation sector of Mexico and its environmental impact; Tendencias del consumo de energia en el Sector Transporte de Mexico y su impacto al medio ambiente

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mar, E.; Sheinbaum, C. [Instituto de Ingenieria, UNAM, Mexico, D. F. (Mexico)

1997-12-31

The Mexican transportation sector, as with that of many other countries, is characterized by basing its energy consumption in hydrocarbons (gasoline, diesel and LP gas). At the present times, this dependency has brought along a series of problems of environmental nature, which concentrate in a larger scale in the urban areas. Therefore, the study of the transportation sector as an energy consumer requires the institution of new terms where the constant to study (directly or indirectly) is the environmental variable, trying to correlate the proper sector activities, its development and the energy consumption with the environment. This paper`s objective is to know the actual situation of the transportation sector in the metropolitan area of Mexico City (MAMC) and its environmental impact. It is therefore an energy-environmental inventory energy-environmental focussed to the use of fuels in the transportation sector, whose environmental effect has a significant cost for the country. This paper has been divided in four parts. First, the importance of the sector as an energy consumer in the MAMC is characterized in aggregated form. Second, the main variables that affect the development of the sector to obtain the consumption in separated form as well as the base criteria for its development, obtaining a series of results that show the effect of the different modes and types of energy consumption. In the third part, reference is made to the environmental impact originated by the utilization of fossil fuels in the transportation sector, emphasizing in the transportation means that more heavily affect for the emission of pollutants. Finally a series of options are presented that allow finding an equilibrium among transportation, energy and environment. [Espanol] El sector transporte mexicano, como el de muchos otros paises se caracteriza por basar su consumo energetico en hidrocarburos (gasolina, diesel y gas licuado). Actualmente esta dependencia ha traido consigo una

Trends in energy consumption in the transportation sector of Mexico and its environmental impact; Tendencias del consumo de energia en el Sector Transporte de Mexico y su impacto al medio ambiente

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mar, E; Sheinbaum, C [Instituto de Ingenieria, UNAM, Mexico, D. F. (Mexico)

1998-12-31

The Mexican transportation sector, as with that of many other countries, is characterized by basing its energy consumption in hydrocarbons (gasoline, diesel and LP gas). At the present times, this dependency has brought along a series of problems of environmental nature, which concentrate in a larger scale in the urban areas. Therefore, the study of the transportation sector as an energy consumer requires the institution of new terms where the constant to study (directly or indirectly) is the environmental variable, trying to correlate the proper sector activities, its development and the energy consumption with the environment. This paper`s objective is to know the actual situation of the transportation sector in the metropolitan area of Mexico City (MAMC) and its environmental impact. It is therefore an energy-environmental inventory energy-environmental focussed to the use of fuels in the transportation sector, whose environmental effect has a significant cost for the country. This paper has been divided in four parts. First, the importance of the sector as an energy consumer in the MAMC is characterized in aggregated form. Second, the main variables that affect the development of the sector to obtain the consumption in separated form as well as the base criteria for its development, obtaining a series of results that show the effect of the different modes and types of energy consumption. In the third part, reference is made to the environmental impact originated by the utilization of fossil fuels in the transportation sector, emphasizing in the transportation means that more heavily affect for the emission of pollutants. Finally a series of options are presented that allow finding an equilibrium among transportation, energy and environment. [Espanol] El sector transporte mexicano, como el de muchos otros paises se caracteriza por basar su consumo energetico en hidrocarburos (gasolina, diesel y gas licuado). Actualmente esta dependencia ha traido consigo una

Effect of environmental dust particles on laser textured yttria-stabilized zirconia surface in humid air ambient

Science.gov (United States)

Yilbas, B. S.; Ali, H.; Al-Sharafi, A.; Al-Sulaiman, F.; Karatas, C.

2018-05-01

Zirconium nitride is used as a selective surface for concentrated solar heating applications and one of the methods to form a zirconium nitride is texturing of zirconia surface by a high intensity laser beam under high pressure nitrogen gas environment. Laser texturing also provides hydrophobic surface characteristics via forming micro/nano pillars at the surface; however, environmental dust settlement on textured surface influences the surface characteristics significantly. In the present study, laser texturing of zirconia surface and effects of the dust particles on the textured surface in a humid air ambient are investigated. Analytical tools are used to assess the morphological changes on the laser textured surface prior and after the dust settlement in the humid air ambient. It is found that laser textured surface has hydrophobic characteristics. The mud formed during condensate of water on the dust particles alters the characteristics of the laser textured surface. The tangential force required to remove the dry mud from the textured surface remains high; in which case, the dried liquid solution at the mud-textured surface interface is responsible for the strong adhesion of the dry mud on the textured surface. The textured surface becomes hydrophilic after the dry mud was removed from the surface by a desalinated water jet.

Advance care planning, culture and religion: an environmental scan of Australian-based online resources.

Science.gov (United States)

Pereira-Salgado, Amanda; Mader, Patrick; Boyd, Leanne M

2017-04-20

Objectives Culture and religion are important in advance care planning (ACP), yet it is not well understood how this is represented in ACP online resources. The aim of the present study was to identify the availability of Australian-based ACP websites and online informational booklets containing cultural and religious information. Methods An environmental scanning framework was used with a Google search conducted from 30 June 2015 to 5 July 2015. Eligible Australian-based ACP websites and online informational booklets were reviewed by two analysts (APS & PM) for information pertaining to at least one culture or religion. Common characteristics were agreed upon and tabulated with narrative description. Results Seven Australian-based ACP websites were identified with varying degrees of cultural and religious information. Seven Australian-based ACP informational booklets were identified addressing culture or religion, namely of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (n=5), Sikh (n=1) and Italian (n=1) communities. Twenty-one other online resources with cultural and religious information were identified, developed within the context of health and palliative care. Conclusions There is no comprehensive Australian-based ACP website or informational booklet supporting ACP across several cultural and religious contexts. Considering Australia's multicultural and multifaith population, such a resource may be beneficial in increasing awareness and uptake of ACP. What is known about the topic? Health professionals and consumers frequently use the Internet to find information. Non-regulation has resulted in the proliferation of ACP online resources (i.e. ACP websites and online informational booklets). Although this has contributed to raising awareness of ACP, the availability of Australian-based ACP online resources with cultural and religious information is not well known. What does this paper add? This paper is the first to use an environmental scanning methodology to identify

ASPECTOS DA INTERAÇÃO CLIMA-AMBIENTE-SAÚDE HUMANA: DA RELAÇÃO SOCIEDADE-NATUREZA À (INSUSTENTABILIDADE AMBIENTAL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francisco MENDONÇA

2000-12-01

Full Text Available O clima é um dos importantes elementos formadores do ambiente planetário. Os debates relativos à questão ambiental, notadamente após a década de 1960, têm evidenciado sua importância na análise ambiental, principalmente quando da ocorrência de catástrofes naturais – Natural Hazards. Os impactos do clima sobre a sociedade repercutem, dentre outros, na condição de saúde humana. Este campo de pesquisas – interação entre o clima e a saúde humana – volta a ser objeto de interesse dos geógrafos na atualidade. Aspects of the climate-environment-human health interaction: from nature-society relation to enviromental (un sustenability Abstract The climate is one of the importants planetary environment elements. The environmental question debates, notably after the sixties, has shown the importance to the environmental analysis, principally when the natural catastrophes – Natural Hazards – occure. The climate impacts over society has repercussion on the human health conditions, among others. This research field – interaction between climate and human health – has been rediscussed by the geographers nowadays.

Issues of Security and Informational Privacy in relation to an Environmental Scanning System for Fighting Organized Crime

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Gerdes, Anne; Larsen, Henrik Legind; Rouces, Jacobo

2013-01-01

This paper clarifies privacy challenges related to the EU project, ePOOLICE, which aims at developing an environmental scanning system for fighting organized crime by improving law enforcement agencies opportunities for strategic proactive planning in response to emerging organized crime threats...... privacy all through the system design process....

Polymer Electrolyte-Based Ambient Temperature Oxygen Microsensors for Environmental Monitoring

Science.gov (United States)

Hunter, Gary W.; Xu, Jennifer C.; Liu, Chung-Chiun

2011-01-01

An ambient temperature oxygen microsensor, based on a Nafion polymer electrolyte, has been developed and was microfabricated using thin-film technologies. A challenge in the operation of Nafion-based sensor systems is that the conductivity of Nafion film depends on the humidity in the film. Nafion film loses conductivity when the moisture content in the film is too low, which can affect sensor operation. The advancement here is the identification of a method to retain the operation of the Nafion films in lower humidity environments. Certain salts can hold water molecules in the Nafion film structure at room temperature. By mixing salts with the Nafion solution, water molecules can be homogeneously distributed in the Nafion film increasing the film s hydration to prevent Nafion film from being dried out in low-humidity environment. The presence of organics provides extra sites in the Nafion film to promote proton (H+) mobility and thus improving Nafion film conductivity and sensor performance. The fabrication of ambient temperature oxygen microsensors includes depositing basic electrodes using noble metals, and metal oxides layer on one of the electrode as a reference electrode. The use of noble metals for electrodes is due to their strong catalytic properties for oxygen reduction. A conducting polymer Nafion, doped with water-retaining components and extra sites facilitating proton movement, was used as the electrolyte material, making the design adequate for low humidity environment applications. The Nafion solution was coated on the electrodes and air-dried. The sensor operates at room temperature in potentiometric mode, which measures voltage differences between working and reference electrodes in different gases. Repeat able responses to 21-percent oxygen in nitrogen were achieved using nitrogen as a baseline gas. Detection of oxygen from 7 to 21 percent has also been demonstrated. The room-temperature oxygen micro sensor developed has extremely low power

Intérvalo unitario de tiempo de medición para ruido ambiental Unit timing for environmental noise measurements

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

William A. Giraldo A.

2011-01-01

Full Text Available En las entidades ambientales, los encargados de las mediciones de ruido ambiental y en general todas las personas que de una u otra forma han trabajado en esta temática, en algún momento se han puesto a pensar sobre la representatividad del tiempo unitario de muestreo y la forma de realizar evaluaciones para dar cumplimiento con dicho tiempo, sin que se aumenten considerablemente los costos de medición. En este artículo se plantea una metodología para determinar cómo un intervalo de cierta duración -en este caso, quince (15 minutos- para el muestreo del nivel de presión sonora es representativo para el período de una (1 hora, logrando de esta manera optimizar el uso de los sonómetros "fijos" y proponiendo una estrategia para reducir los costos en las mediciones de ruido ambiental y en general la elaboración de mapas de ruido.The managers of environmental noise measurements in environmental control agencies, or in general every person that work in this subject, have to think on the representativity of the unit measurement time interval, and how to evaluate it in order to get good quality results regarding the unit measurement time without increasing the measurement costs. A methodology for deciding if a certain measuring time interval -in this case, fifteen (15 minutes- is representative of noise pressure levels occurring during one hour, is proposed in this paper. This methodology allows to optimize the use of stationary sound level meters and to propose a strategy for reducing the costs of environmental noise measurements and of the designing of noise maps in general.

La mujer como sujeto social ante el problema ambiental desde la realidad cubana./The woman as a social subject to the environmental problem from the Cuban reality.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luisa Carrión Cabrera

2015-09-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN El análisis de la mujer como sujeto social ante el problema ambiental en el contexto cubano, se convierte en una necesidad para alcanzar el desarrollo sostenible, para dicho análisis se discuten acerca de los cuatro ejes que facilitan la valoración de los procesos sociales en su vínculo con el medio ambiente (lo ambiental como problemática en la producción filosófica en el contexto cubano y su relación con la mujer como sujeto social; el desequilibrio en las condiciones de existencia en los espacios privados (familiar; los problemas ambientales y su impacto en la mujer y el papel creciente de la actividad social del sujeto, a partir de sus tipos y proyecciones sociales para el logro del desarrollo sostenible. ABSTRACT The analysis of women as social subject to the environmental problem in the Cuban context, it becomes a necessity for sustainable development, for this analysis are discussed on the four axes that facilitate the assessment of social processes in its link with the environment (environmental and philosophical problems in production in the Cuban context and its relationship with the woman as a social subject, the imbalance in living conditions in the private sphere (family environmental problems and their impact on women and the increasing role of the social activity of the subject, based on their types and social implications for the achievement of sustainable development.

Environmental health research in Japan - management of environmental risks

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nakamura, Masahisa [Lake Biwa Research Institute (Japan)

1997-12-31

Briefly discussed the topics on emerging environmental health risks, their assessment and management, with special emphasis on groundwater management , environmental contamination, source protection, new drinking water and ambient water quality standards; and sophistication in instrumentation in environmental quality measurements, hazards and risk assessment and control, technology development in environmental health risk management.

Environmental health research in Japan - management of environmental risks

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Masahisa Nakamura

1996-01-01

Briefly discussed the topics on emerging environmental health risks, their assessment and management, with special emphasis on groundwater management , environmental contamination, source protection, new drinking water and ambient water quality standards; and sophistication in instrumentation in environmental quality measurements, hazards and risk assessment and control, technology development in environmental health risk management

Políticas públicas de educação ambiental e a atuação dos conselhos de meio ambiente no Brasil: perspectivas e desafios Las políticas públicas de educación ambiental y la actuación de los consejos de medio ambiente en Brasil: perspectivas y desafíos Environmental education's public policies and the environment council actions in Brazil: perspectives and challenges

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Victor Novicki

2010-12-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo visa à reflexão sobre a atuação dos Conselhos de Meio Ambiente (CMA no campo da Educação Ambiental (EA, tomando por base teórico-conceitual, de um lado, as recomendações advindas de Conferências Internacionais, como Tbilisi e o Tratado de Educação Ambiental para Sociedades Sustentáveis e Responsabilidade Global (TEASS, e, de outro, a consideração dos marcos jurídicos que regulam as políticas públicas de gestão ambiental e de EA no Brasil, isto também levando em conta alguns resultados de pesquisas teóricoempíricas que tomam essas instâncias colegiadas por alvo de análise. Mesmo ponderando as contradições inerentes ao modo de produção capitalista e o autoritarismo que caracteriza o processo político brasileiro, conclui-se que os CMA podem vir a contribuir para a gestão dos problemas socioambientais e, a um só tempo, fortalecer a sociedade civil e o interesse público no interior do aparelho de Estado, especialmente pela via da EA.El presente artículo reflexiona sobre la actuación de los Consejos de Medio Ambiente (CMA en el campo de la Educación Ambiental (EA, tomando por base teórico-conceptual, por un lado, las recomendaciones oriundas de Conferencias Internacionales, como Tbilisi y el Tratado de Educación Ambiental hacia Sociedades Sustentables y de Responsabilidad Global (TEASS y, por otro, la consideración de los marcos jurídicos que regulan las políticas públicas de gestión ambiental y de EA en Brasil, sumados a algunos resultados de investigaciones teórico-empíricas que analizan esas instancias colegiadas. Sin dejar de observar las contradicciones inherentes al modo de producción capitalista y al autoritarismo que caracteriza el proceso político brasileño, se concluye que los CMA pueden contribuir para la gestión de los problemas socio ambientales y, paralelamente, fortalecer la sociedad civil y el interés público en el interior del aparato de Estado, especialmente por la v

Ergonomics and design for sustainability in healthcare: ambient assisted living and the social-environmental impact of patients lifestyle.

Science.gov (United States)

Andreoni, Giuseppe; Arslan, Pelin; Costa, Fiammetta; Muschiato, Sabrina; Romero, Maximiliano

2012-01-01

This work presents considerations on Ergonomics and Design for Sustainability in the healthcare field based on research experiences of the Technology and Design for Healthcare (TeDH) research group of INDACO (Industrial design, communication, arts and fashion) department of Politecnico di Milano. In order to develop a multidisciplinary approach to design able to answer to specific user needs such as elderly in an environmental sustainable way (1) this paper shows the results we achieved concerning ergonomics and environmental impact in product development (2), the extension of this approach to interior and home design and the advantage of the application of Information Communication Technologies (ICT). ICT can help people with special needs to make their everyday life easier and more safe, at the same time, ICT can make social-environmental impact of everyday behavior evident and can be applied to manage sustainability. The specific theme is thus to integrate ergonomics and sustainability competences in the development of Ambient Assisted Living through a Product- Service System approach. The concept of product service system has the potential to improve product performances and services, establish new relations and networks with different actors in order to satisfy user needs and apply a systems approach considering environmental, social and economic factors in the users' environment.

Automatic national network of radiation environmental monitoring in Mexico; Red nacional automatica de monitoreo radiologico ambiental en Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Aguirre, Jaime; Delgado, Jose L.; Lopez, Manuel; Zertuche, Jorge V., E-mail: jaguirre@cnsns.gob.mx, E-mail: jldelgado@cnsns.gob.mx, E-mail: mlopez@cnsns.gob.mx, E-mail: jorge.zertuche@cnsns.gob.mx [Comision Nacional de Seguridad Nuclear y Salvaguardias (CNSNS), D.F. (Mexico). Direccion de Vigilancia Radiologica

2013-07-01

The Direccion de Vigilancia Radiologica (DVR) of the Comision Nacional de Seguridad Nuclear y Salvaguardias (CNSNS) de Mexico, performs several function for environmental radiation monitoring. One of these functions is the permanent monitoring of the environmental gamma radiation. For this, it implemented the Red Nacional Automatica de Monitoreo Radiologico Ambiental (RENAMORA) - the National Automated Network for Environmental Radiation Monitoring,which currently comprises 60 detector probes for gamma radiation which with a programmable system that includes information technologies, data transmission and software can send the information in real time to a primary center of data located in the facilities of CNSNS. - When the data are received, the system performs the verification and extraction of the information organized in Tables and charts, and generates a report of environmental gamma radiation dose rate average for each of the probes and for each period of time determined bu CNSNS. The RENAMORA covers the main cities and allows to establish the bases of almost the entire country, as well as to warn about abnormal situations caused by incidents or natural events generated by human activities inside or outside the country which involves radioactive materials; paying special attention to main radiological sites, such as the surroundings of the Laguna Verde Nuclear Power Plants, research centers and the radioactive waste disposal sites.

Filmes de ficção científica como mediadores de conceitos relativos ao meio ambiente Science fiction movies and environmental education: is it possible?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Alberto Machado

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Muito se fala sobre o meio ambiente nos meios de comunicação e nas escolas, mas pouco se sabe sobre toda sua gama e envergadura. Confundem-se princípios ecológicos com o ensino generalizado do meio ambiente que cobre uma gama muito maior de conceitos e uma complexidade de relações urgentes e esquece-se que o estudo do meio ambiente deve tratar do todo envolvido pelo homem, do todo ao redor. Visões utópicas e distópicas a respeito desse tema estão presentes em alguns filmes de ficção científica feitos para cinema e televisão. Este texto analisa relações entre esses filmes e conceitos científicos relativos ao meio ambiente e aponta possibilidades de uso dos mesmos no ensino de ciência.The environment is one of the most important scientific subjects in the XXI century. Schools and the media talk about it all the time but they do not have enough knowledge. They forget that environmental studies must embrace the human beings and the whole world around them. Utopian and non-utopian conceptions about this subject are often presented in science fictions movies made for the cinema or for the television. This text discusses the relation between science fiction movies and scientific environmental concepts. In addition, it suggests a way to use the science in these kinds of films at school to develop science teaching.

Publicidade e ambiente: alguns contornos Advertising and environment: some aspects

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonio Ribeiro de Almeida Jr.

2007-06-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo trata da importância da publicidade na construção social do debate ambiental. Os estudos sobre mídia e ambiente geralmente focam o conteúdo de jornais e programas televisivos, mas nas últimas décadas a publicidade passou a chamar a atenção dos estudiosos sobre o tema. O trabalho procurou discutir a importância do fenômeno do consumo no mundo moderno, e os efeitos sentidos na área ambiental. A seguir são discutidos alguns aspectos do aprimoramento do discurso publicitário no tratamento de temas ambientais.This article deals with the increasing role advertising has played on the social construction of the environmental debate. Though studies on media and environment are generally focused on newspaper and television content, in the past decades advertising has become a main issue for many researchers. The article outlines the importance of consumption as a key concept in modern world and its effects on the field of environmental studies. The discussion that follows analyses some aspects of the growing specialization of environmental issues advertising.

Aspectos do licenciamento ambiental da carcinicultura na APA do Delta do Parnaíba Aspects of environmental licensing for carciniculture in EPA of the Delta of Parnaíba River

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hamilton Gondim de Alencar Araripe

2006-12-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho tem como foco uma análise do valor do licenciamento ambiental da carcinicultura na APA do Delta do Parnaíba. Realizou-se visitas técnicas a todos empreendimentos instalados até o primeiro semestre de 2004, levantou-se a legislação pertinente, avaliou-se estudos ambientais e relatórios de vistorias técnicas realizadas pelo IBAMA. Concluiu-se que o enquadramento feito pelo IBAMA no processo de licenciamento do que seja área de preservação permanente (APP no manguezal é o ponto crítico para a atividade de carcinicultura.The present research examines the environmental matter in the Environmental Protection Area (EPA of the Delta of the Parnaíba River, focusing on the ambient licensing value. Technical visits to all companies installed in the area until the first semester of 2004 and non-structured interviews were carried out; the existing legislation was raised; and the environmental studies and reports of technical inspections performed by IBAMA were evaluated. The conclusion was that the adjustment made by IBAMA in the ambient licensing process of what is an Area of Permanent Preservation (APP in the mangrove is the critical point to the carciniculture activity.

Zoneamento ambiental dos banhados da Estação Ecológica do Taim, RS Environmental zoning of swamps in the Ecological Station of Taim, RS, Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fabio Charão Kurtz

2003-02-01

Full Text Available O "Zoneamento Ambiental dos Banhados da Estação Ecológica do Taim" permitiu avaliar a deterioração ambiental dos ecossistemas existentes na Estação Ecológica do Taim (ESEC/TAIM, municípios de Rio Grande e Santa Vitória do Palmar (RS. Consideraram-se dois tipos distintos de ecossistemas: o do Banhado (ECO1 = Ecossistema Límnico e o da Planície Marítima (ECO2 = Ecossistema Planície Marítima. A ECO TOTAL (ECO1 + ECO2 apresentou 64% de classe APP (Área de Preservação Permanente, 27,6% de ACP (Área de Conservação Permanente, 5,6% de AUO (Uso e Ocupação; em menor porcentagem encontrou-se a classe AR (Área de Restauração com 2,8%. A deterioração ambiental média para o ECO1 foi de 10,32%, sendo menor que a ECO2 (23,94%. A deterioração ambiental da ESEC/TAIM (ECO ficou em 13,65%. Com relação à análise de regressão para ECO1, concluiu-se que com 06 parâmetros ambientais se obteve a precisão de 95%, enquanto que, com 04 parâmetros ambientais obteve-se a mesma precisão para a ECO2. Com relação à análise fatorial concluiu-se que essa técnica permitiu conhecer a estrutura dos dados, mostrando as correlações entre cada variável (classes de exuberância e seu respectivo fator, entretanto não foi possível separar grupos ou quantificar a influência de uma ou mais variáveis sobre outra de interesse (variável resposta, como por exemplo: quantos parâmetros são necessários para elaborar um zoneamento ambiental, sendo esta pergunta respondida pela análise de regressão. Recomenda-se que o zoneamento ambiental seja elaborado pelos órgãos públicos ambientais nas demais estações ecológicas e nas unidades de conservação.The "Environmental Zoning of swamps in the Ecological Station of Taim (RS" allowed to evaluate an environmental deterioration of the existent ecosystems in the Ecological Station of Taim (ESEC/TAIM; municipal districts of Rio Grande and Santa Vitória do Palmar (RS. Two types of different

The CIEMAT Environmental Mobile Unit.A remodeling based on R+D+i; La Unidad Movil Ambiental del Ciemat. Una remodelacion basada en la I+D+i

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Perez-Cejuela Rincon, P.; Martinez Ortega, A.; Quinones Diez, J.

2011-07-01

The purpose of this paper is to describe the technical means included in the remodeling of the Environmental Mobile Unit, which are:Immediate Measurement of ambient radiation levels.Direct measurement of pollutants in soil.Measurement of activity in air of Beta emitters and radioiodes.

Desde la educación social a la educación ambiental. Hacía una intervención educativa socioambiental (Education Social to Environmental Education. Towards a Socio-Environmental and Educational Intervention

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis V. Amador Muñoz

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Resumen: Los conceptos de intervención socioeducativa e intervención ambiental se han venido estudiando como dos aspectos diferentes, con ciertos puntos en común, pero con metodologías y estrategias separadas e inconexas. La finalidad de nuestro artículo es estudiar el proceso de evolución de ambos conceptos, para empezar a construir un modelo, centrado en lo que nosotros hemos querido denominar intervención educativa socioambiental, que aúne ambas intervenciones. Desde esta perspectiva toda intervención ambiental debe tener en cuenta los aspectos educativos y sociales porque las personas, los grupos y las comunidades son los afectados y beneficiarios de las transformaciones en el entorno físico y toda intervención socioeducativa debe contemplar los aspectos ambientales implicados, puesto que ésta siempre se desarrolla en un contexto socio-físico determinado.Abstract: The concepts of socio-educational and environmental interventions have been studied as two different fields, with some overlap, but with separated and unconnected methods and strategies. The purpose of our article is to study the development of both concepts to build a model, focused on what we have named “socio-environmental educational intervention”, bringing together both concepts. From this perspective, every environmental intervention should take into account educational and social aspects as individuals, groups and communities are the beneficiaries and the ones affected by the changes in the physical environment and each socio-educational intervention should consider all environmental aspects involved, since it always take place in a certain socio physical context.

Present stage of the use of radioactive tracers in studies carried out at Companhia de Tecnologia de Saneamento Ambiental, SP, Brazil, in the field of environmental engineering

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sanchez, W.; Agudo, E.G.

1979-01-01

Studies using radioactive tracers in the field of environmental engineering, carried out at Companhia de Tecnologia de Saneamento Ambiental, SP, Brazil, from 1975 to 1978 are presented. Future research to be developed in this area is also discussed. (M.A.) [pt

Environmental restoration and waste management: An introduction. Student edition; Restauracion ambiental y administracion de residuos nucleares: Introduccion; Edicion estudiantil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1993-12-31

For more than 40 years, the United States has produced nuclear weapons. These production activities generated both radioactive and hazardous waste and often contaminated the environment. For many years, the public was unaware of the problem and unable to do anything about it. All of this has changed. In response to recent public outcry, the former Secretary of Energy, Retired Admiral James D. Watkins, established the Office of Environmental Restoration and Waste Management (EM) in November 1989. The creation of EM was the first step toward correcting contamination problems from the past 40 years In this booklet, we at DOE, through the efforts of the students at Oak Hills High School of Cincinnati, Ohio, will introduce you to EM and encourage your involvement in this major program within the Department of Energy. [Espanol] Durante mas de 40 anos, los Estados Unidos fabricaron armamentos nucleares. Esta produccion genero residuos radiactivos y peligrosos y, en muchos casos, contaminaron el medio ambiente. Durante mucho tiempo, el publico norteamericano no tenia conocimiento de este problema y no pudo hacer nada para solucionarlo. Todo esto ha cambiado. Respondiendo a crecientes protestas publicas, el ex Secretario de Energia Almirante James D. Watkins, establecio en noviembre de 1989 la Subsecretaria de Administracion Ambiental. La creacion de esta Subsecretaria fue el primer paso que dio el Departamento de Energia para corregir los problemas de contaminacion ambiental de los ultimos 40 anos. En esta publicacion, los que trabajamos en el Departamento de Energia con la ayuda de los estudiantes de la Escuela Secundaria de Oak Hills, Cincinnati, Ohio, te introduciermos a la administracion ambiental y alentamos tu participacion en este programa de fundamental importancia en el Departamento de Energia.

Community intervention in higher education of environmental health Intervencion comunitaria en la educación superior de salud ambiental Intervenção comunitária no ensino superior de saúde ambiental

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Raquel Rodrigues dos Santos

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Currently, in the Bologna context, university teaching methods focus on the student and on a learning experience based on practical methods. Under the guidance of teachers, students in the second year of the first Environmental Health Course at the Polytechnic Institute of Beja have designed and developed the following nine community intervention projects relating to environmental health: dangerous products (mercury; habitability and geriatrics; health education and the environment; drinking water; information and communication in environmental health; efficient use of resources in public buildings; child development in outdoor spaces; and allergenic factors in housing. This pedagogical action takes place over three semesters, corresponding to the three distinct phases: design, implementation and evaluation / dissemination. To ensure the viability of the projects, each group of three students has established partnerships with various entities, such as city and parish councils, hospitals, schools, consumer cooperatives, companies dealing with hazardous waste, the Youth Institute and other commercial enterprises. Although it has not been possible to evaluate the whole project, preliminary results suggest that the planned activities have been very successful, with health benefits for the people involved, through environmental improvements or an increase in empowerment. It was also possible to achieve economic gains and contribute to the conservation of the environment. The students were able to gain skills and knowledge in a teaching model characterized by the absence of lectures in which students, assisted by teachers, take decisions and independent action, simulating a real context of professional practice. This experience suggests that, by utilizing the Bologna method, the polytechnic institutions may improve their real contribution to the health of communities.Actualmente y en el marco del Plan de Bolonia, las actividades docentes

Bottlenecks in bog pine multiplication by somatic embryogenesis and their visualization with the environmental scanning electron microscope

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Vlašínová, H.; Neděla, Vilém; Dordevic, B.; Havel, J.

2017-01-01

Roč. 254, č. 4 (2017), s. 1487-1497 ISSN 0033-183X R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA14-22777S Institutional support: RVO:68081731 Keywords : somatic embryogenesis * pinus uncinata subsp uliginosa * abnormalities * environmental scanning electron microscope Subject RIV: JA - Electronics ; Optoelectronics, Electrical Engineering OBOR OECD: Plant sciences, botany Impact factor: 2.870, year: 2016

Sistemas de Gestão Ambiental na Operação dos Empreendimentos Hoteleiros

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Maria Bernardelli Junior

2015-01-01

Full Text Available O turismo é um dos mais importantes segmentos econômicos no Brasil. Os hotéis são prestadores de serviços turísticos que causam significativos impactos ambientais, modificando os espaços socioambientais. O presente artigo, oriundo de pesquisa qualitativa, com característica exploratória e descritiva, tem como objetivo principal identificar, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e das iniciativas de mercado, se os operadores hoteleiros brasileiros vêm adotando práticas de gestão ambiental em seus negócios, bem como sistemas de gestão ambiental certificáveis. A pesquisa tenciona ainda destacar os principais benefícios que os programas de Gestão Ambiental oferecem à operação hoteleira no país. Conclui-se que nos empreendimentos hoteleiros brasileiros há pouca adesão a programas de Gestão Ambiental e dentre seus gestores poucos têm a questão ambiental como oportunidade de mercado ou como um elemento obrigatório nas agendas administrativa e operacional, na promoção da longevidade e sucesso da organização.Environmental Management Systems in Hotel Operation - The tourism is one of the most important economic sectors in the country. Hotels are providers of tourist services that cause significant impacts modifying the social and environmental areas. This qualitative research based on exploratory and descriptive methods aims at identifying by market initiatives and literature review, if the Brazilian hotel operators are adopting environmental management practices in their business even as certified environmental management systems. The research also aims at highlighting some benefits arising from environmental management programs to the hotel operation in Brazil. We conclude that environmental management programs are not widespread in Brazilian hotel sector. Only some hotel managers are awake for environmental issue as a market opportunity or a mandatory factor in the administrative and operational schedules for ensuring

Sub-millimeter scale magnetostratigraphy and environmental magnetism of ferromanganese crusts using a scanning SQUID microscope

Science.gov (United States)

Oda, H.; Noguchi, A.; Yamamoto, Y.; Usui, A.; Ito, T.; Kawai, J.; Takahashi, H.

2017-12-01

Ferromanganese crusts are chemical sedimentary rock composed mainly of iron-manganese oxide. Because the ferromanganese crusts grow very slowly on the sea floor at rates of 3-10 mm/Ma, long-term deep-sea environmental changes can be reconstructed from the ferromanganese crusts. Thus, it is important to provide reliable age model for the crusts. For the past decades 10Be/9Be dating method has been used extensively to give age models for crusts younger than 15 Ma. Alternatively, sub-millimeter scale magnetostratigraphic study on a ferromanganese crust sample using a scanning SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device) microscope (Kawai et al., 2016; Oda et al., 2016) has been applied successfully (e.g. Oda et al., 2011; Noguchi et al. 2017). Also, environmental magnetic mapping was successful for the ferromanganese crust from the Takuyo Daigo Seamount (Noguchi et al., 2017). The ferromanganese crust used in this study was sampled from the Hanzawa Seamount, Ryukyu trench and the Shotoku Seamount. The vertical component of the magnetic field above thin section samples of the ferromanganese crust was measured using the scanning SQUID microscope on 100 μm grids. Magnetic mapping of the Hanzawa Seamount shows sub-millimeter scale magnetic stripes parallel to lamina. By correlating the boundaries of magnetic stripes with known geomagnetic reversals, we estimated that average growth rate of the Hanzawa Seamount is 2.67 +/- 0.04 mm/Ma , which is consistent with that deduced from the 10Be/9Be dating method (2.56 +/- 0.04 mm/Ma). The crust sample from the Shotoku Seamount used by Oda et al. (2011) shows prominent periodical lamination. Further details are going to be discussed together with the environmental magnetic mapping.

Correlação entre gestão da tecnologia e gestão ambiental nas empresas Correlation between technology management and environmental management in the companies

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José Carlos Teixeira da Silva

2005-08-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho analisa a correlação entre a gestão da tecnologia de produtos e processos e a gestão ambiental em empresas de manufatura. Partindo de um modelo conceitual simplificado e desdobramentos das dimensões gestão da tecnologia e gestão ambiental, foi possível analisar em pesquisa de campo vários conceitos disponíveis na literatura para esses dois campos, envolvendo 78 empresas do setor de manufaturados, através de "projeto de pesquisa survey" e "projeto de pesquisa qualitativa". Visando avaliar a capabilidade tecnológica das organizações, foram usados os conceitos de microtecnologia e macrotecnologia relatados em Silva (2003. Concluiu-se que, dentro do campo pesquisado de empresas, existe correlação positiva entre os níveis de capabilidade tecnológica e os níveis de capabilidade ambiental.This work analyzes the correlation between the technology management of products and processes and the environmental management, in manufacture companies. Leaving from a simplified conceptual model, and doing deployment of the dimensions technology management and environmental management, it was possible to analyze several concepts available in the literature for these fields, involving 78 manufacture companies, through "survey research project" and "qualitative research project", regarding also the technology capability of the organization through the new concepts of microtecnologia and macrotecnologia related in Silva (2003. It concluded that, inside the field searched of companies, there is a positive correlation between the levels of technology capability and environmental capability.

Vetas y vertientes de la historia ambiental latinoamericana: una nota metodológica y epistemológica Rich seams and perspectives in latin american environmental history: an epistemological and metodological view

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Enrique Leff

2005-01-01

Full Text Available O artigo discute a necessidade da realização de um corte epistemológico que estabeleça o campo próprio de uma história ambiental, incluindo um repertório de métodos para a abordagem de diferentes processos, como as racionalidades econômicas, ecológicas e culturais do uso da natureza, assim como o regate de saberes e práticas tradicionais das diferentes culturas com seu entorno ecológico. São abordadas três vertentes para o estudo da história ambiental: a história epistemol ógica da complexidade ambiental, a hermenêutica das narrativas sobre as relações sociedade-natureza, a construção de identidades e as transformações sociais induzidas pelo movimento ambientalista.This article discusses the need to make an epistemological separation that establishes the very field of an environmental history, including a collection of methods for the approach to different processes, such as economic, ecological, and cultural rationalities of the usage of nature, as well as the rescue of traditional knowledge and practices from different cultures about their ecological surroundings. Three issues are discussed in the study of environmental history: the epistemological history of environmental complexity, the hermeneutics of narratives on society- nature relationship, the construction of identities, and the social transformations induced by the environmental movement.

From Reactionary to Responsive: Applying the Internal Environmental Scan Protocol to Lifelong Learning Strategic Planning and Operational Model Selection

Science.gov (United States)

Downing, David L.

2009-01-01

This study describes and implements a necessary preliminary strategic planning procedure, the Internal Environmental Scanning (IES), and discusses its relevance to strategic planning and university-sponsored lifelong learning program model selection. Employing a qualitative research methodology, a proposed lifelong learning-centric IES process…

Electron transparent graphene windows for environmental scanning electron microscopy in liquids and dense gases.

Science.gov (United States)

Stoll, Joshua D; Kolmakov, Andrei

2012-12-21

Due to its ultrahigh electron transmissivity in a wide electron energy range, molecular impermeability, high electrical conductivity and excellent mechanical stiffness, suspended graphene membranes appear to be a nearly ideal window material for in situ (in vivo) environmental electron microscopy of nano- and mesoscopic objects (including bio-medical samples) immersed in liquids and/or in dense gaseous media. In this paper, taking advantage of a small modification of the graphene transfer protocol onto metallic and SiN supporting orifices, reusable environmental cells with exchangeable graphene windows have been designed. Using colloidal gold nanoparticles (50 nm) dispersed in water as model objects for scanning electron microscopy in liquids as proof of concept, different conditions for imaging through the graphene membrane were tested. Limiting factors for electron microscopy in liquids, such as electron beam induced water radiolysis and damage of the graphene membrane at high electron doses, are discussed.

Aspectos socioeconómicos de la evaluación de impacto ambiental

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Echavarren, José Manuel

2007-08-01

Full Text Available This article reviews the methodology and background of the socioeconomic dimension in environment impact evaluations. This text examines the pertinence of Social Sciences in the study of environmental assessment. Likewise, the article deals with the main techniques applied to this field. Special attention is drawn to the concept and research of landscape as a social factor of environment as well as to public participation in the processes of Environmental Impact Assessment research.

El presente artículo revisa la metodología y el fundamento del estudio de los aspectos socioeconómicos de las Evaluaciones de Impacto Ambiental. Se examina la pertinencia de las Ciencias Sociales dentro de los estudios de impacto ambiental, así como las técnicas principales que se aplican en la práctica investigadora al respecto. Se presta atención especial al concepto y al estudio del paisaje como elemento social del medio ambiente, así como a los mecanismos de participación dentro de las dinámicas de las Evaluaciones de Impacto Ambiental.

Generación del plan de manejo ambiental del Bosque Protector Aguarongo a partir de la evaluación de impacto ambiental

OpenAIRE

Lomas Taipe, Martha Elizabeth

2016-01-01

El documento consiste en la generación de un plan de manejo ambiental del Bosque Protector Aguarongo a partir de la Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental, con la finalidad de identificar los impactos ambientales que se están efectuando dentro del bosque, para el planteamiento de programas y medidas que permitan la protección y conservación de la biodiversidad presente en el Bosque Protector Aguarongo. The document consists of the generation of an environmental management plan Protected Forest Ag...

THE INTEGRATED USE OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY, SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY, AND VIRTUAL REALITY TO PREDICT THE CHEMICAL REACTIVITY OF ENVIRONMENTAL SURFACES

Science.gov (United States)

In the last decade three new techniques scanning probe microscopy (SPM), virtual reality (YR) and computational chemistry ave emerged with the combined capability of a priori predicting the chemically reactivity of environmental surfaces. Computational chemistry provides the cap...

A sociedade de risco e o desenvolvimento sustentável: desafios à gestão ambiental no Brasil / The risk society and sustainable development: challenges for environmental management in Brazil

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Angela Acosta Giovanini Moura

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE Resumo O trabalho foi desenvolvido por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica reflexiva sobre a necessidade de buscar estratégias de gestão ambiental pautada em um modelo mais conectado com as necessidades da sociedade atual, atualmente envolta a riscos e incertezas propagados pelas catástrofes ambientais de ordem planetária.   Palavras-chaves: sociedade de risco, meio ambiente, instrumentos econômicos.   Abstract The work was developed through a bibliographical research reflecting on the need to seek environmental management strategies based on a more connected with the needs of contemporary society, now surrounded to risks and uncertainties propagation by environmental catastrophes of world order.   Keywords: risk society, environment, economic instruments.

EL APRENDIZAJE AMBIENTAL EN LOS ALUMNOS DE SÉPTIMO GRADO MEDIANTE LOS CONTENIDOS DE CIENCIAS NATURALES

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Mayelín Pérez Benítez

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Mucho se ha investigado a lo largo de la historia sobre temas relacionados con el medio ambiente, sin embargo todavía no se alcanzan los resultados esperados acordes a los momentos en que se vive; es por ello que teniendo en cuenta la necesidad de la educación ambiental en el nivel de Secundaria Básica, se lleva a cabo este trabajo con el objetivo de proponer actividades que contribuyan al fortalecimiento de la educación ambiental en los alumnos de séptimo grado mediante los contenidos de la asignatura de Ciencias Naturales. Aporta una propuesta de actividades, a desarrollarse teniendo en cuenta las potencialidades del currículo. Con su aplicación se adquiere mayor nivel de conocimiento en relación a los problemas ambientales, puestos en práctica en su solución en los distintos contextos de actuación del alumno.PALABRAS CLAVE: Aprendizaje ambiental; Educación ambiental; Medio Ambiente.THE ENVIRONMENTAL LEARNING IN THE STUDENTS OF SEVENTH GRADE BY MEANS OF THE CONTENTS OF NATURAL SCIENCESABSTRACTA lot it has been investigated along the history on topics related with the environment, however still the results prospective chords are not reached to the moments in that one lives; it is for it that keeping in mind the necessity of the environmental education in the level of Secondary Basic, it is carried out this work with the objective of proposing activities that contribute to the invigoration of the environmental education in the students of seventh grade by means of the contents of the subject of Natural Sciences. It contributes a proposal of activities, to be developed keeping in mind the potentialities of the curriculum. With their application bigger level of knowledge is acquired in relation to the environmental problems, positions in practice in its solution in the different contexts of the student's performance.KEYWORDS: Environmental learning; environmental Education; Environment.

Sustentabilidade ambiental e responsabilidade social voluntária: estudo em um escritório de contabilidade = Environmental sustainability and voluntary social responsibility: a study in an accounting office

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Claudio Luiz de Freitas

2011-09-01

Full Text Available Este estudo, realizado numa empresa de serviços contábeis, objetiva verificar a sustentabilidade ambiental e responsabilidade social voluntária, utilizando de forma parcial o Sistema ContábilGerencial Ambiental – SICOGEA- Geração 2, como ferramenta de avaliação, especificamente a primeira fase da terceira etapa deste sistema. Quanto à abordagem do problema, esta pesquisa é considerada qualitativa. Quanto aos objetivos, à pesquisa passa a ser exploratória. A trajetória metodológica segue três fases: a primeira “Fundamentação teórica” onde são estudados os assuntos pertinentes ao tema. A segunda fase trata da “Análise dos Resultados” onde primeiramente faz-se um breve histórico da empresa pesquisada e após estuda-se análise da sustentabilidade ambiental. Na terceira e última fase apresenta-se a análise da responsabilidade social voluntária e certificação ambiental, como também se propõe melhorias a estrutura existente através do Plano Resumido de Gestão Ambiental- 5W2H. O resultado alcançado pela empresa estudada foi classificado como „Bom‟, tendo alguns pontos de melhoria, relacionados ao critério “Fornecedores”. Verificou-se também a conquista do Selo Piava de Neutralização de Carbono This study head in a financial services company, aims to verify the environmental sustainability and voluntary social responsibility partially using the Accounting System-Environmental Management -SICOGEA Generation-2, as an evaluation tool, specifically the first phase of the third stage of this mentioned system . As an approach to the problem, this research is considered qualitative. As to the objectives the research is being exploratory. The course methodology follows three phases: the first "Theoretical basis" where the relevant subjects to the topic are studied. The second phase deals with the "Analysis Results" where first a brief historical research of the studied company is made and then there is a

Preparation of Chemically Etched Tips for Ambient Instructional Scanning Tunneling Microscopy

Science.gov (United States)

Zaccardi, Margot J.; Winkelmann, Kurt; Olson, Joel A.

2010-01-01

A first-year laboratory experiment that utilizes concepts of electrochemical tip etching for scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) is described. This experiment can be used in conjunction with any STM experiment. Students electrochemically etch gold STM tips using a time-efficient method, which can then be used in an instructional grade STM that…

USO DE UN PORTAFOLIO VIRTUAL PARA INCORPORAR LA DIMENSION AMBIENTAL: UNA EXPERIENCIA DE INVESTIGACIÓNACCIÓN EN EL AULA (USE OF A VIRTUAL PORTFOLIO TO INCORPORATE THE ENVIRONMENTAL DIMENSION: AN EXPERIENCE OF ACTION RESEARCH IN THE CLASSROOM

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Claudia Zúñiga Vega

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Resumen:Este artículo registra una experiencia docente, poniendo en práctica el Portafolio Virtual para incorporar el eje ambiental, en el curso Fundamentos de Ecología y Problemática Ambiental, de las carreras de Seguridad Laboral e Higiene Ambiental y de Gestión del Turismo Sostenible del Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica. Se presenta una conceptualización de la investigación-acción para contextualizar la aplicación en dicha experiencia, la técnica didáctica implementada y los hallazgos registrados, en particular cómo se evidencia la incorporación de la Dimensión Ambiental en el currículo universitario, en las situaciones de aprendizaje facilitadas y realizadas por la población estudiantil.Abstract: This article records a teaching experience on implementing “Portafolio Virtual” or Virtual Portfolio to include the environmental approach into the Ecology Fundamentals and Environmental Issues course, of the Work Safety and Environmental Health and the Sustainable Tourism Management careers in Costa Rica’s Instituto Tecnológico or TEC. A conceptualization of action-research for placing its application in the context of said experience, the didactic technique that was executed and the recorded findings are presented; in particular how they serve as evidence for the inclusion of the Environmental Dimension in the college curriculum, in the learning situations provided to the student population.

Ambient air pollution and low birth weight - are some women more vulnerable than others?

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Westergaard, Nadja; Gehring, Ulrike|info:eu-repo/dai/nl/304831344; Slama, Rémy; Pedersen, Marie

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Ambient air pollution is controllable, and it is one of the greatest environmental threats to human health. Studies conducted worldwide have provided evidence that maternal exposure to ambient air pollution during pregnancy enhances the risk of low birth weight at term

A model for environmental scanning oriented for the strategic planning of the Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission (CNEN); Um modelo de monitoramento ambiental (environmental scanning) orientado para o planejamento estrategico da CNEN

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Braga, Fabiane dos Reis

1997-07-01

Presently, all the organizations involved with nuclear activities must be one step ahead of what happens in the specific activity areas in order to avoid surprises, to guarantee their activity continuity and the objective extents, and taking into account the external environment influence exercised by the organization on their activities. So, it is necessary a continuous follow up of their transformations. This paper aims to structure a model of the environmental monitoring system oriented to the strategic planning of the Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission, as function of that new informational needs viewing the fulfilment of that observed gap. (author)

Nanofabrication of magnetic scanned-probe microscope sensors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chong, B.K.

2001-10-01

This thesis presents the development of novel magnetic sensor combined with Atomic Force Microscope probe (AFM) using conventional semiconductor processing techniques and Electron Beam Lithography (EBL). The fabrication of these magnetic sensors was performed on a common micromachined silicon substrate using a generic batch fabrication technique. Sub-micron Hall bar for Scanning Hall probe Microscopy (SHPM) and electromagnetic force coil magnet for Scanning Electromagnetic Force Microscopy (eMFM) were designed and constructed at the apex of Silicon attractive mode cantilever probes. The process demonstrates good control over sensor parameters. Results indicated controllability of Hall bar junction sizes (spatial resolution) to below 100nm and Coil diameter sizes to below 500nm with minimum sizes down to 50nm and 270nm respectively. The process has shown its flexibility to accommodate different material systems. The same technology was used to fabricate multiple devices such as double Hall bars on a tip as well as a small electro-magnet coil probe co-defined with the Hall probe to form a magnetic imaging / modification probe. A conventional Non-Contact mode AFM employing heterodyne interferometry and in-house built electronics was modified for SHPM and eMFM. These probes had been scanned over a commercial computer hard disk. These microscopes showed the capability of resolving magnetic bits and topographic information independently and simultaneously. All scanning experiments were carried out under ambient conditions. The experiments required no extra preparation to be done to the specimen before imaging and measurements were carried out under ambient conditions. These probes offer the prospect of direct magnetic field measurement, non- invasiveness, very close proximity, possible local manipulation, better control over the tip- specimen interaction distance and topographic imaging. It is hoped that these magnetic microscope probes will be of great interest and

Environment. Chapter 5; Medio ambiente. Capitulo 5

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Martin del Castillo, Carlos [Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico)

2009-07-01

In this chapter it is mentioned the concern for the care of the environment in Mexico by prominent foreign and Mexican scientists who impelled the creation of a Forest Law. The ecological policies for the conservation of natural resources that cause a sustainable development in Mexico are commented; it is described what the environmental infrastructure consists of; the case of trash handling is analyzed and the Chapter concludes with the relationship of the environment, the climatic change, the infrastructure and the planning. [Spanish] En este capitulo se menciona la preocupacion por el cuidado del medio ambiente en Mexico, por prominentes cientificos extranjeros y mexicanos que impulsaron la creacion de una Ley Forestal. Se comentan las politicas ecologicas para la conservacion de recursos naturales que propicien un desarrollo sustentable en Mexico; se describe en que consiste la infraestructura ambiental; se analiza el caso del manejo de la basura y; se concluye con la relacion del medio ambiente, el cambio climatico, la infraestructura y la planeacion.

Valores humanos como explicadores de atitudes ambientais e intenção de comportamento pró-ambiental Human values as predictors of environmental attitudes and pro-environmental behavior

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Jorge Artur Peçanha de Miranda Coelho

2006-04-01

Full Text Available Os valores humanos têm sido apontados como importantes para o entendimento e predição de atitudes e comportamentos pró-ambientais. Embora a literatura saliente a relação destes três construtos, nenhuma informação foi encontrada considerando amostras brasileiras. Este estudo buscou contribuir para preencher esta lacuna. O estudo contou com a participação de 208 estudantes universitários, sendo a maioria de uma universidade privada (63,8%, do sexo feminino (73,4% e com idade média de 28 anos (DP = 7,0. Estes responderam a dois instrumentos: Questionário dos Valores de Schwartz e Escala de Atitudes Ecocêntricas e Antropocêntricas, além de uma pergunta acerca da intenção de se engajar em comportamento pró-ambiental e questões demográficas. Os resultados corroboraram estudos prévios, indicando que os valores de autotranscendência, especificamente os de orientação universalista, predizem atitudes e comportamentos pró-ambientais. Os resultados são discutidos, propondo a utilização dos valores humanos como facilitadores na promoção de comportamentos em prol do ambiente.Human values have been pointed out as important predictors of environmental attitudes and pro-environmental behaviors. Although the literature supports the relationship between these three constructs, no information was found considering Brazilian samples. This study aimed to contribute to this gap. Participated in this study a number of 208 undergraduate students; most of them were from a private university (63.8%, female (73.4% and with mean age of 28 years (SD = 7.0. They answered the Schwartz Values Survey and the Echocentric and Anthropocentric Attitudes Scale, an item to measure intention of pro-environment behaviors, and demographic questions. Results support previous studies. Specifically, self-transcendence values were the most important to explain pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors. These findings are discussed regarding the possibility of

Ambijentalna muzika kao praksa popularne umetnosti / Ambient Music as Popular Art Practice

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Ivana Ančić

2016-11-01

Full Text Available This paper considers ambient music in a comparative perspective. Taking the 1950s as a mirror time axis, I suggest comparing Erik Satie’s ideas on Furniture music (1920s to Brian Eno’s notions of ambient music (1970s onwards. Satie is considered as the father of ambient music as he was among the first people aware of the interconnection of music and ambient sounds. Music that Brian Eno creates almost thirty years later has deep roots in Satie’s concept of implementation of ambiental music, which means that the music “should last and represent the environment” (Brian Eno, “Ambient Music”, 2014. Ambiental music’s theoretical foundations can be compared to American Minimalist and environmental art. Consideration of the audio perception phenomena is also very important for understanding and Adorno’s interpretation of the term regressive listening that will be explored later in this paper. This is an attempt to study the artistic side of ambient music, which has a wide scope of applications beyond the art sphere. In this respect, I will try to state the differences between ambient music as an art intermission in our everyday life and ambient music as a control device over human behavior.

Aspectos políticos de la educación ambiental

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Martínez Castillo, Róger

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Resumen: La dominación interna y externa a que está sometida nuestra realidad requiere de alternativas educacionales comprometidas, que rompan con los lazos de dependencia y gesten una conciencia de necesidades colectivas y nacionales. Por eso, la educación debe estar orientada hacia una praxis política y crítica que promueva la transformación en general.La educación ambiental analiza las estructuras socio-económicas y políticas, en la medida en que afecten a la sociedad y a los ecosistemas, no se trata de una práctica neutra, sino representa un compromiso o alternativa a la problemática socio-ambiental.Ante los nuevos paradigmas educativos y la crisis del sistema de desarrollo convencional, la educación ambiental politizada constituye una alternativa dirigida a lograr una acción educativa, transformadora del individuo en sujeto de su propio destino, comprometido con su sociedad, con la conciencia de los problemas actuales y con la búsqueda de soluciones para un desarrollo social y ambiental sustentable.Abstract: The inner/outer domination our reality is submitted to, requires from committed educational alternatives, that break the dependence ties and generate one of collective and national necessities. Therefore, education must be oriented towards a critical political praxis, that promotes the transformation in general.The environmental education analyses the social, economical and political structure, to the extent they affect society and ecosystems since education is not neutral. It represents a compromise or alternative to the social-environmental problem.Against the new educational paradigms and the conventional development system crisis, the politicized environmental education constitutes an alternative directed to accomplish an educational action, that transforms the individual into a subject of his own destiny, committed with his society and aware of the current problems, that looks for necessary solutions to a social and

Det Ambiente

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Schmidt, Ulrik

Det ambiente er iscenesættelsen af en karakteristisk sanseoplevelse, der er kendetegnet ved fornemmelsen af at være omgivet. I dag bliver begrebet om det ambiente mest anvendt i forbindelse med musikgenren ’ambient musik’. Det ambiente er dog ikke essentielt knyttet til det musikalske, men må...... forstås som et betydeligt bredere fænomen i den moderne æstetiske kultur, der spiller en væsentlig rolle i oplevelsen af moderne transportformer, arkitektur, film, lydkunst, installationskunst og digitale multimedieiscenesættelser. En forståelse af det ambiente er derfor centralt for forståelsen af en...... moderne æstetiseret oplevelseskultur i almindelighed. Da det ambiente ikke hidtil har været gjort til genstand for en mere indgående teoretisk behandling, er der dog stor usikkerhed omkring, hvad fænomenet overhovedet indebærer. Hovedformålet med Det ambiente – Sansning, medialisering, omgivelse er derfor...

Produção coletiva de conhecimentos sobre qualidade de vida: por uma educação ambiental participativa e emancipatória Collective knowledge production on life quality: looking for a critical and emancipated environmental education

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Nadja Janke

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Unir produção de conhecimentos à ação educativa é a grande responsabilidade da pesquisa em educação ambiental na perspectiva crítica e emancipatória. Percepções e conhecimentos coletivos são essenciais na construção desse novo saber ambiental. Neste artigo, a qualidade de vida é colocada no centro da discussão, mais do que para reivindicar melhorias para o ambiente, mas buscando demonstrar como a participação é seu fundamento e constrói os mecanismos necessários para a ação educativa ambiental.To connect the production of knowledge to the education is the great concern of the critical and emancipated environmental education. The collective perceptions and knowledge are essential in this construction. In this article, questions of quality of life are placed in the center of the argument that looks, less at the demand for improvements for the environment, and more at the mechanisms of the environmental educative action.

Avaliação do desempenho ambiental de uma instituição pública de ensino técnico e superior Environmental performance assessment of a public institution of technical and undergraduate education

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Thomaz Sessegolo Marques de Almeida

2012-01-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste artigo foi relatar um estudo de caso baseado em indicadores ambientais categóricos no qual foi avaliado o desempenho ambiental de uma instituição pública de ensino técnico e superior. A revisão incluiu a série de normas ISO 14000, o Prêmio Nacional de Qualidade em Saneamento (PNQS e o Ecoblock. O método usado foi adaptado do SBP, um conjunto de procedimentos para a mensuração do desempenho ambiental de uma atividade antrópica, que se vale de construtos latentes e indicadores categóricos que expliquem o desempenho. Os indicadores foram organizados em sete construtos. Segundo os avaliadores e o modelo, a instituição faz 56,7% do máximo possível em gestão ambiental. Os construtos mais carentes foram gestão de resíduos sólidos e poluição sonora. O resultado da avaliação pode ser usado para reformulação da política ambiental da instituição.This article reports a case study in which the environmental performance of a public institution of higher and technical education was evaluated, based on environmental indicators in spades. The following standards series were reviewed: ISO 14000, National Quality Award in Sanitation (PNQS and Ecoblock. The method was adapted from SBP, a set of procedures for measuring the environmental performance of an anthropic activity, composed by latent constructs and categorical indicators that explain the performance. The indicators were organized in seven constructs. According to the assessed respondents and the model, the institution reached 56.7% of the maximum possible in environmental management. Lower constructs were management of solid waste and noise pollution. The evaluation can be used for reshaping the environmental policy of the institution.

Environmental controls on pyrocumulus and pyrocumulonimbus initiation and development

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N. P. Lareau

2016-03-01

Full Text Available In this paper we present the first direct observational evidence that the condensation level in pyrocumulus and pyrocumulonimbus clouds can be significantly higher than the ambient lifted condensation level. In addition, we show that the environmental thermodynamic profile, day-to-day variations in humidity, and ambient wind shear all exert significant influence over the onset and development of pyroconvective clouds. These findings are established using a scanning Doppler lidar and mobile radiosonde system during two large wildfires in northern California, the Bald Fire and the Rocky Fire. The lidar is used to distinguish liquid water from smoke backscatter during the plume rise, and thus provides a direct detection of plume condensations levels. Plume tops are subsequently determined from both the lidar and nearby radar observations. The radiosonde data, obtained adjacent to the fires, contextualize the lidar and radar observations, and enable estimates of the plume ascent, convective available potential energy, and equilibrium level. A noteworthy finding is that in these cases, the convective condensation level, not the lifted condensation level, provides the best estimate of the pyrocumulus initiation height.

The environmental radiation monitoring system in Spain El sistema de vigilancia radiológica ambiental en España

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Carmen Rey del Castillo

2010-12-01

Full Text Available The system of environmental radiation monitoring established in Spain is composed of several networks with different objectives, a monitoring network in the vicinity of the facilities and several national networks financed and managed by public agencies. The operators of the facilities are responsible for the conduct of its Environmental Radiological Surveillance Program as directed by the CSN. Moreover, the Directorate General of Civil Defense and Emergencies has a Radioactivity Warning Network (RAR consisting of over 900 automatic stations measuring dose rate distributed nationwide. The Environmental Radioactivity Monitoring Network (Revira, managed by the CSN, is a nationwide network, consists of a Network of Sampling Stations (REM and a Network of Automatic Stations for continuous monitoring (REA. The autonomous communities of Valencia, Catalonia, Extremadura and the Basque Country have their own automated networks similar to that of the CSN. Revira provides information on the radioactivity in the air, soil, water (drinking, inland and sea and of food. The sampling and analysis programs are tailored to radiological recommendations laid down in the European Union Commission. The REM has the collaboration of laboratories in universities and the Centre for Energy, Environmental and Technological Research (CIEMAT for execution. The monitoring of inland and coastal waters is undertaken by the Centre for Studies and Experimentation of Public Works, Ministry of Public Works (CEDEX.El sistema de vigilancia radiológica del medio ambiente establecido en España está constituido por varias redes con diferentes objetivos: una red de vigilancia en el entorno de las instalaciones y varias redes de ámbito nacional financiadas y gestionadas por organismos públicos. Los titulares de las instalaciones son los responsables de la realización de sus programas de vigilancia radiológica ambiental siguiendo las directrices del Consejo de Seguridad Nuclear

Ambient radiation monitoring at a PET/CT imaging center within a nuclear medicine department

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lai, Y.C.; Chen, Y.W.; Chuang, Y.W.

2006-01-01

Full text of publication follows: Potential environmental dose rates in a patient waiting room at the PET/CT Imaging Center within our Nuclear Medicine Department (N.M.D.) are evaluated by both of the computer modeling method and real-time monitoring in practical settings. The maximum dose rate is directly read from a peak dose-rate frozen-up, digital gamma G-M survey meter. The design basis of our PET/CT Imaging Center facility has assumed a maximum total of five 18 FDG-patients presented at any given time either in an Am or a Pm session according to two separated drug batch delivering runs. Due to the relatively high gamma energy of 511 keV emitted by the F- 18 labeled compound, we have remodeled our facility with a 0.5-cm thick Pb wall and larger space separations between rooms that include a PET/CT scan room, two separated 18 FDG i.v. injection rooms, and a delayed-phase patient waiting room. Patient could normally complete two separate PET/CT scan runs, if a delayed-phase scan is needed, within three hours time frame from an initial dose of 370 MBq (10 mCi) that has a physical half-live of 110 minutes for an F-18 labeled compound. When all the needed scans are finished, the patient is released from our PET/CT Imaging Center that has to follow the radiation safety guideline of less than 50 mSv/hr (5 m R/hr) at one meter distance. During typical operation, each drug i.v. injection room or the scan room is restricted to one patient access only. As a worst case scenario, the maximum ambient dose rate may only occur when two or more delayed phase patients would stay in the PET/CT waiting room that is excluded for other non-PET patient use. Theoretically using a computer discrete-ordinate integrating methods, dose rates at one meter distance from a mid-point geometry, based on a simulated 10 mCi F-18 point, line or volumetric source (assuming 170 cm in height and 20 cm in radius of homogeneous water media), can also be calculated to give values of 5.71, 4.73 and 3

Gestión ambiental como alternativa para la participación comunitaria en el Consejo Popular Altamira Environmental management as an alternative for the community participation in Altamira People's Council

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Caridad Menéndez Pérez

2012-07-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio observacional y descriptivo, basado en 113 habitantes y 44 trabajadores de las empresas más contaminantes del Consejo Popular Altamira de Santiago de Cuba, durante el 2008, para caracterizar los riesgos ambientales más importantes en el área desde los puntos de vista industrial y comunitario e identificar su nivel de conocimientos sobre la percepción al respecto. Se evidenció que estos habitantes desconocían sobre salud ambiental, así como tenían baja percepción de riesgo e insatisfacciones por servicios relacionados con la seguridad ambiental; asimismo, se confirmó que el bajo nivel de conocimientos que poseían los trabajadores de las empresas sobre el daño ambiental provocado, los factores de riesgo a que se exponían y la baja cobertura de medios protectores, las convertían en ambientes inseguros. El desconocimiento de la población, los trabajadores, directivos y cuadros de las empresas sobre el tema obligó a diseñar estrategias de capacitación e intervención comunitaria en función del mejoramiento del medio y la calidad de vida de los pobladores.A descriptive, observational study was carried out, based on 113 people and 44 workers from the most polluting enterprises in Altamira People's Council of Santiago de Cuba during 2008, to characterize the major environmental risks in this area from the industrial and community points of view and to identify their knowledge of the perception in this respect. It was evidenced that these people were unaware of environmental health and had low risk perception and dissatisfactions with services related to environmental security. It was also confirmed that the low level of knowledge of environmental damage held by the workers, exposure to risk factors and inadequate protection means converted these enterprises into unsafe environments. Ignorance of population, enterprise workers, managers and cadres on the subject forced to devise strategies of community

Marketing Verde: responsabilidade social e ambiental integradas na envolvente de marketingGreen Marketing: integrated social and environmental responsibility in the marketing environmentMarketing Verde: responsabilidad social y ambiental integrada en la envolvente de marketing

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

DALMORO, Marlon

2009-03-01

Full Text Available RESUMOO presente estudo tem como objetivo principal analisar e descrever como a responsabilidade social e ambiental está integrada na envolvente de marketing de uma unidade franqueada da Companhia Coca-Cola. Ao encontro das percepções de Karna, Hansen e Juslin (2001, a envolvente de marketing é descrita, baseada em três níveis hierárquicos: marketing estratégico, estrutural e funcional. Neste sentido, realizou-se uma abordagem qualitativa com estudo de caso, no qual os dados foram coletados, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com pessoas envolvidas no processo de gestão ambiental e social da empresa franqueada. No tratamento dos dados foi utilizada análise de conteúdo. Na percepção dos entrevistados, a empresa encontra-se em um avançado processo de integração em toda a organização de uma cultura de marketing verde, principalmente, pela relação de franqueado, mantida com a Companhia Coca-Cola. Observou-se que a empresa franqueada, bem como a companhia, de modo geral, encontram-se numa situação pró-ativa em termos de marketing verde, mesmo que o ambiente institucional não cumpra com o seu papel na plenitude.ABSTRACTThis study aims to describe and analyze as social and environmental responsibility is integrated in the marketing strategy of a Coca-Cola Company franchisee. By the perceptions of Karna, Hansen and Juslin (2001, environment marketing is described based on three hierarchical levels: strategic, structural and functional marketing. There has been developed a qualitative approach through case study, in which the data were collected through semi-structured interviews with people involved in the process of environmental and social management of the franchisee company. Data treatment was used in the analysis of content. In the interviewer’s perception, the company is in advanced process of integration across the organization of a green marketing culture, primarily by the relationship of the franchisee maintained

Setting priorities for ambient air quality objectives

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2004-10-01

Alberta has ambient air quality objectives in place for several pollutants, toxic substances and other air quality parameters. A process is in place to determine if additional air quality objectives are required or if existing objectives should be changed. In order to identify the highest priority substances that may require an ambient air quality objective to protect ecosystems and public health, a rigorous, transparent and cost effective priority setting methodology is required. This study reviewed, analyzed and assessed successful priority setting techniques used by other jurisdictions. It proposed an approach for setting ambient air quality objective priorities that integrates the concerns of stakeholders with Alberta Environment requirements. A literature and expert review were used to examine existing priority-setting techniques used by other jurisdictions. An analysis process was developed to identify the strengths and weaknesses of various techniques and their ability to take into account the complete pathway between chemical emissions and damage to human health or the environment. The key strengths and weaknesses of each technique were identified. Based on the analysis, the most promising technique was the tool for the reduction and assessment of chemical and other environmental impacts (TRACI). Several considerations for using TRACI to help set priorities for ambient air quality objectives were also presented. 26 refs, 8 tabs., 4 appendices

Intelligent Agent Appropriation in the Tracking Phase of an Environmental Scanning Process: A Case Study of a French Trade Union

Science.gov (United States)

Lafaye, Christophe

2009-01-01

Introduction: The rapid growth of the Internet has modified the boundaries of information acquisition (tracking) in environmental scanning. Despite the numerous advantages of this new medium, information overload is an enormous problem for Internet scanners. In order to help them, intelligent agents (i.e., autonomous, automated software agents…

FRAGILIDADE AMBIENTAL NA BACIA DO CÓRREGO ÁGUA BRANCA, OESTE MARANHENSE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Raifran Abidimar de Castro

2017-03-01

The studies on the effects of economic activities on the environment have contributed to identify activities degradetions. However there are few studies that use of catchment basins as area of analysis of the environmental fragility, particularly in relation to the Amazon. With this, the objective of this paper is to present data on the areas of greatest and least environmental fragility of the basin of the Água Branca, west of Maranhão, Brazil. To do this if you have used the empirical analysis based on data from geology, pedology, geomorphology, and uses and soil cover, aiming to identify the areas of greatest environmental fragility. With the analysis of the data, it was found that there is a need for new forms of management, and their respective procedures for use and occupation of the basin are conducted, aiming at the reduction of fragility strong emerging which represents 42.2% of the area of the basin. Keywords: Environmental Degradation; Watershed; Use and Soil Cover. LA FRAGILIDAD DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE EN LA CUENCA DEL ARROYO DE AGUA BLANCA, AL OESTE DE MARANHÃO RESUMEN Los estudios sobre los efectos de la actividad económica sobre el medio ambiente han contribuido a identificar actividades degradantes. Sin embargo, existen pocos estudios que utilizan de las cuencas hidrográficas como ámbito de análisis de la fragilidad ambiental, particularmente en relación a la Amazonía. Con esto, el objetivo de este trabajo es presentar los datos sobre las áreas de mayor y menor fragilidad ambiental de la cuenca del Água Branca, oeste maranhense. Para ello si ha utilizado el análisis empírico basado en datos de la geología, la edafología, la geomorfología, y uso y cobertura del suelo, con el objetivo de identificar las áreas de mayor fragilidad ambiental. Con el análisis de los datos se comprobó que existe una necesidad de nuevas formas de gestión, y sus respectivos procedimientos para el uso y la ocupación de la cuenca se lleven a cabo, encaminadas a

76 FR 72097 - Air Quality Designations for the 2008 Lead (Pb) National Ambient Air Quality Standards

Science.gov (United States)

2011-11-22

... Air Quality Designations for the 2008 Lead (Pb) National Ambient Air Quality Standards AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This rule establishes air quality designations for most areas in the United States for the 2008 lead (Pb) National Ambient Air Quality Standards...

Proposta de um modelo de gestão ambiental para os serviços de Nefrologia Propuesta de un modelo de gestión ambiental para los servicios de Nefrología Proposal of an environmental management model for Nephrology services

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Geni Burg

2008-01-01

ía. CONCLUSION: La implantación del sistema propuesto en los servicios trajo innumerables beneficios que van desde la reducción de residuos y fluidos líquidos; preservación de recursos naturales; uso de materiales e insumos ambientalmente correctos hasta la reducción de costos; preservación de la salud humana y del medio ambiente.OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at proposing a new model of Environmental Management for Nephrology Services through a situational diagnosis made in three services. METHODS: This work is an exploratory descriptive research that used quantitative methodology and multicase techniques. Three different instruments were used for data collection, and answered by nurses, managers, nursing technicians and cleaning servants, as well as patients with chronic renal insufficiency submitted to hemodialysis. RESULTS: The detailed analysis of the processes and the application of the evaluation instruments showed that they are efficient tools in the identification of non-conformity factors, which enabled the elaboration of an environmental management proposal applicable to nephrology services. CONCLUSION: The implementation of the proposed system in the services brought several benefits such as reduction of residue and liquid effluents; preservation of natural resources, use of more environmentally correct materials and inputs; cost reduction as well as the preservation of human health and the environment.

In-situ environmental (scanning) transmission electron microscopy of catalysts at the atomic level

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gai, P L; Boyes, E D

2014-01-01

Observing reacting single atoms on the solid catalyst surfaces under controlled reaction conditions is a key goal in understanding and controlling heterogeneous catalytic reactions. In-situ real time aberration corrected environmental (scanning) transmission electron microscopy (E(S)TEM permit the direct imaging of dynamic surface and sub-surface structures of reacting catalysts. In this paper in-situ AC ETEM and AC ESTEM studies under controlled reaction environments of oxide catalysts and supported metal nanocatalysts important in chemical industry are presented. They provide the direct evidence of dynamic processes at the oxide catalyst surface at the atomic scale and single atom dynamics in catalytic reactions. The ESTEM studies of single atom dynamics in controlled reaction environments show that nanoparticles act as reservoirs of ad-atoms. The results have important implications in catalysis and nanoparticle studies

Ambient pressure photoemission spectroscopy of metal surfaces

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Baikie, Iain D., E-mail: iain@kptechnology.ltd.uk; Grain, Angela C.; Sutherland, James; Law, Jamie

2014-12-30

Highlights: • Ambient pressure photoemission spectroscopy of metals. • Rastered photon energy scan overcomes inelastic scattering. • Relationship between photoemission threshold and contact potential difference. - Abstract: We describe a novel photoemission technique utilizing a traditional Kelvin probe as a detector of electrons/atmospheric ions ejected from metallic surfaces (Au, Ag, Cu, Fe, Ni, Ti, Zn, Al) illuminated by a deep ultra-violet (DUV) source under ambient pressure. To surmount the limitation of electron scattering in air the incident photon energy is rastered rather than applying a variable retarding electric field as is used with UPS. This arrangement can be applied in several operational modes: using the DUV source to determine the photoemission threshold (Φ) with 30–50 meV resolution and also the Kelvin probe, under dark conditions, to measure contact potential difference (CPD) between the Kelvin probe tip and the metallic sample with an accuracy of 1–3 meV. We have studied the relationship between the photoelectric threshold and CPD of metal surfaces cleaned in ambient conditions. Inclusion of a second spectroscopic visible source was used to confirm a semiconducting oxide, possibly Cu{sub 2}O, via surface photovoltage measurements with the KP. This dual detection system can be easily extended to controlled gas conditions, relative humidity control and sample heating/cooling.

Evaluation and environmental correction of ambient CO2 measurements from a low-cost NDIR sensor

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C. R. Martin

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Non-dispersive infrared (NDIR sensors are a low-cost way to observe carbon dioxide concentrations in air, but their specified accuracy and precision are not sufficient for some scientific applications. An initial evaluation of six SenseAir K30 carbon dioxide NDIR sensors in a lab setting showed that without any calibration or correction, the sensors have an individual root mean square error (RMSE between  ∼ 5 and 21 parts per million (ppm compared to a research-grade greenhouse gas analyzer using cavity enhanced laser absorption spectroscopy. Through further evaluation, after correcting for environmental variables with coefficients determined through a multivariate linear regression analysis, the calculated difference between the each of six individual K30 NDIR sensors and the higher-precision instrument had an RMSE of between 1.7 and 4.3 ppm for 1 min data. The median RMSE improved from 9.6 for off-the-shelf sensors to 1.9 ppm after correction and calibration, demonstrating the potential to provide useful information for ambient air monitoring.

Evaluation and environmental correction of ambient CO2 measurements from a low-cost NDIR sensor

Science.gov (United States)

Martin, Cory R.; Zeng, Ning; Karion, Anna; Dickerson, Russell R.; Ren, Xinrong; Turpie, Bari N.; Weber, Kristy J.

2017-07-01

Non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) sensors are a low-cost way to observe carbon dioxide concentrations in air, but their specified accuracy and precision are not sufficient for some scientific applications. An initial evaluation of six SenseAir K30 carbon dioxide NDIR sensors in a lab setting showed that without any calibration or correction, the sensors have an individual root mean square error (RMSE) between ˜ 5 and 21 parts per million (ppm) compared to a research-grade greenhouse gas analyzer using cavity enhanced laser absorption spectroscopy. Through further evaluation, after correcting for environmental variables with coefficients determined through a multivariate linear regression analysis, the calculated difference between the each of six individual K30 NDIR sensors and the higher-precision instrument had an RMSE of between 1.7 and 4.3 ppm for 1 min data. The median RMSE improved from 9.6 for off-the-shelf sensors to 1.9 ppm after correction and calibration, demonstrating the potential to provide useful information for ambient air monitoring.

Investigation into scanning tunnelling luminescence microscopy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Manson-Smith, S.K.

2001-01-01

This work reports on the development of a scanning tunnelling luminescence (STL) microscope and its application to the study of Ill-nitride semiconductor materials used in the production of light emitting devices. STL microscopy is a technique which uses the high resolution topographic imaging capabilities of the scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) to generate high resolution luminescence images. The STM tunnelling current acts as a highly localised source of electrons (or holes) which generates luminescence in certain materials. Light generated at the STM tunnelling junction is collected concurrently with the height variation of the tunnelling probe as it is scanned across a sample surface, producing simultaneous topographic and luminescence images. Due to the very localised excitation source, high resolution luminescence images can be obtained. Spectroscopic resolution can be obtained by using filters. Additionally, the variation of luminescence intensity with tunnel current and with bias voltage can provide information on recombination processes and material properties. The design and construction of a scanning tunnelling luminescence microscope is described in detail. Operating under ambient conditions, the microscope has several novel features, including a new type of miniature inertial slider-based approach motor, large solid-angle light collection optical arrangement and a tip-height regulation system which requires the minimum of operator input. (author)

Environmental Impact Analysis Process. Final Environmental Impact Statement for Expansion of the Melrose Air Force Range, Curry and Roosevelt Counties, New Mexico

Science.gov (United States)

1985-04-18

County’s status of meeting the national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS). EPA indicates that ambient concentrations of particulates and sulfur...EPA ruled on the attainment status of the national ambient air quality standards. 19 rN 0 UN Nr Nr a, -4 CL CA N o4 A r- No co 0 N Ar w -4- .- t- ai...Environmental Impacto --- N C Statement (EIS), or file a Finding Of Nto Slni Icant Impact (FONSI). In either case, docu-nenrration of the environmental analysis

Bottlenecks in bog pine multiplication by somatic embryogenesis and their visualization with the environmental scanning electron microscope.

Science.gov (United States)

Vlašínová, Helena; Neděla, Vilem; Đorđević, Biljana; Havel, Ladislav

2017-07-01

Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is an important biotechnological technique used for the propagation of many pine species in vitro. However, in bog pine, one of the most endangered tree species in the Czech Republic, limitations were observed, which negatively influenced the development and further germination of somatic embryos. Although initiation frequency was very low-0.95 %, all obtained cell lines were subjected to maturation. The best responding cell line (BC1) was used and subjected to six different variants of the maturation media. The media on which the highest number of early-precotyledonary/cotyledonary somatic embryos was formed was supplemented with 121 μM abscisic acid (ABA) and with 6 % maltose. In the end of maturation experiments, different abnormalities in formation of somatic embryos were observed. For visualization and identification of abnormalities in meristem development during proliferation and maturation processes, the environmental scanning electron microscope was used. In comparison to the classical light microscope, the non-commercial environmental scanning electron microscope AQUASEM II has been found as a very useful tool for the quick recognition of apical meristem disruption and abnormal development. To our knowledge, this is the first report discussing somatic embryogenesis in bog pine. Based on this observation, the cultivation procedure could be enhanced and the method for SE of bog pine optimized.

Concurrent Driving Method with Fast Scan Rate for Large Mutual Capacitance Touch Screens

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Mohamed Gamal Ahmed Mohamed

2015-01-01

Full Text Available A novel touch screen control technique is introduced, which scans each frame in two steps of concurrent multichannel driving and differential sensing. The proposed technique substantially increases the scan rate and reduces the ambient noise effectively. It is also extended to a multichip architecture to support excessively large touch screens with great scan rate improvement. The proposed method has been implemented using 0.18 μm CMOS TowerJazz process and tested with FPGA and AFE board connecting a 23-inch touch screen. Experimental results show a scan rate improvement of up to 23.8 times and an SNR improvement of 24.6 dB over the conventional method.

Saúde e ambiente: uma reflexão da Associação Brasileira de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva - ABRASCO Environmental health: reflexions of the Brazilian Association of Post-Graduation in Collective Health - ABRASCO

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Lia Giraldo da Silva Augusto

2003-06-01

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: O Brasil, apesar de sua extraordinária biodiversidade e do enorme potencial instalado para desenvolver ações integradas na temática do ambiente, não tem dado, do ponto de vista programático, a prioridade que o tema ambiente merece. A Associação Brasileira de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva-ABRASCO reconheceu a importância de organizar um Grupo Temático "Saúde e Ambiente" para, de maneira mais organizada, participar da luta pelo desenvolvimento sustentável, através da ação política no campo da saúde coletiva, em busca de ambientes saudáveis e da promoção da saúde. O OBJETIVO principal deste Grupo Temático-GT foi contribuir para que o tema da saúde ambiental seja internalizado no campo da Saúde Coletiva. MÉTODO: O Grupo escolheu três eixos para discussão em uma oficina do V Congresso Brasileiro de Epidemiologia, em Curitiba, no ano de 2002. O RESULTADO do debate ocorrido foi apresentado segundo três eixos: identificação do campo teórico-conceitual em Saúde Ambiente; a política de saúde e ambiente; o caminho metodológico. A CONCLUSÃO foi apresentada no formato de uma agenda do GT para o biênio 2002-2004.Introduction: Not with standing its extraordinary biodiversity and enormous installed potential to develop actions integrated in to the topic of environmental health, Brazil has not given the environmental the priority the subject deserves from the programmatic, point of view. The Brazilian Association of Post-Graduation in Collective Health-ABRASCO recognized the importance of organizing a Thematic Group "Health and Environment" in order to, in a more organized fashion, participate in the struggle for sustainable development, through political action in collective health, oriented to wards health environments and health promotion. The main objective of this Thematic Group was to facilitate the subject of the environmental health to be internalized in to the field of the Collective Health

ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN AMONG UNIVERSITY POPULATION: SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONS AND PERSONAL INVOLVEMENT IN ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AT UNIVERSITY OF ANTIOQUIA. PREOCUPACIÓN AMBIENTAL ENTRE POBLACIÓN UNIVERSITARIA: REPRESENTACIONES SOCIALES E IMPLICACIÓN PERSONAL EN TEMAS AMBIENTALES EN LA UNIVERSIDAD DE ANTIOQUIA.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elizabeth Montoya Ochoa

2014-05-01

Full Text Available This article, derived from research, shows the difficulties identified in the Citadel of the University of Antioquia when it comes to constructing a definition of the environment in which the human being, as an integral part, must be included. For this purpose, two surveys were applied, the first one which was called “a pilot test” served to refine the questions used in the field of psychology in addressing environmental concerns, this is, the Likert scale; the second one, was a refined survey that was applied among employees, teachers, and students, at the University Campus, which offered the elements needed to analyze the social representations comprising the assessment of environmental problems, the level of personal involvement, and the capacity of action, allowing a reading from the anthropological perspective of relationships between humans and the environment in this social context. RESUMEN: En el artículo, derivado de investigación, se muestran las dificultades identificadas en la ciudadela de la Universidad de Antioquia al momento de construir una definición de ambiente en la cual se incluya al ser humano como parte integral del mismo. Para tal fin se aplicaron dos encuestas, la primera que fue denominada “prueba piloto” sirvió para afinar las preguntas usadas en el campo de la psicología a la hora de abordar la preocupación ambiental, ésta es, la escala de Likert; la segunda, fue la encuesta depurada y aplicada entre empleados, docentes y estudiantes de la ciudad universitaria, que ofreció los elementos necesarios para analizar las representaciones sociales del ambiente que comprenden la valoración de los problemas ambientales, el nivel de implicación personal y la capacidad de acción, permitiendo una lectura desde la perspectiva antropológica de las relaciones entre los humanos y el ambiente en ese contexto social.

Environmental management programs of the Bolivia-Brazil gas pipeline; Programa de gestao ambiental do gasoduto Bolivia-Brasil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Santos, Helio Joaquim dos [TBG - Transportadora Brasileira Gasoduto Bolivia Brasil S.A., Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2003-07-01

One of the largest South America's enterprises of energy integration of the Bolivia/Brazil gas pipeline in Brazilian side own and operated by TBG has interacted with 05 states, 137 districts and 06 environment governmental entities (IBAMA and States' department) of environment multilateral financial institutions and group of ten of other governmental and not governmental organizations. The level of approved investment was of the order of 1,5 billion dollars, of which about 29 million had been destined the ambient activities. Thus, without precedents in Brazil this work presents the plan of ambient management of the enterprise, created to develop and implement the ambient programs during the construction and operation of the gas pipeline stage. The work here presented will give prominence to the programs of ambient compensation and social communication inside Brazil. (author)

75 FR 9894 - Office of Research and Development; Ambient Air Monitoring Reference and Equivalent Methods...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-03-04

..., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Designation of this new equivalent method is intended to... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [FRL-9121-6] Office of Research and Development; Ambient Air Monitoring Reference and Equivalent Methods: Designation of One New Equivalent Method AGENCY: Environmental...

76 FR 15974 - Office of Research and Development; Ambient Air Monitoring Reference and Equivalent Methods...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-03-22

..., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Designation of these new equivalent methods is intended to... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [FRL-9285-2] Office of Research and Development; Ambient Air Monitoring Reference and Equivalent Methods: Designation of Four New Equivalent Methods AGENCY: Environmental...

75 FR 51039 - Office of Research and Development; Ambient Air Monitoring Reference and Equivalent Methods...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-08-18

..., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Designation of these new equivalent methods is intended to... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [FRL-9190-5] Office of Research and Development; Ambient Air Monitoring Reference and Equivalent Methods: Designation of Two New Equivalent Methods AGENCY: Environmental...

Periodismo ambiental

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lucía Lemos

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Los periodistas toman el tema del medio ambiente cada vez más en serio. El uso de temas relacionados con el medio ambiente, debe estar ligado al análisis socio-económico y a las posibilidades de comunicación y educación de diferentes regiones del mundo. A continuación se presenta un resumen de la situación ambiental, las acciones de prensa y comunicación que se llevan a cabo en América Central (Panamá, El Salvador, Costa Rica y en Sudamérica Brasil,Colombia, Chile, México, y Perú. Se concluye en la necesidad de formar hábitos ecológicos. Los comunicadores deben presentar soluciones a los problemas, fomentar campañas comunes, compartir información y velar por el ambiente ambiente para que las generaciones futuras no tengan que perecer.

Post-market drug evaluation research training capacity in Canada: an environmental scan of Canadian educational institutions.

Science.gov (United States)

Wiens, Matthew O; Soon, Judith A; MacLeod, Stuart M; Sharma, Sunaina; Patel, Anik

2014-01-01

Ongoing efforts by Health Canada intended to modernize the legislation and regulation of pharmaceuticals will help improve the safety and effectiveness of drug products. It will be imperative to ensure that comprehensive and specialized training sites are available to train researchers to support the regulation of therapeutic products. The objective of this educational institution inventory was to conduct an environmental scan of educational institutions in Canada able to train students in areas of post-market drug evaluation research. A systematic web-based environmental scan of Canadian institutions was conducted. The website of each university was examined for potential academic programs. Six core programmatic areas were determined a priori as necessary to train competent post-market drug evaluation researchers. These included biostatistics, epidemiology, pharmacoepidemiology, health economics or pharmacoeconomics, pharmacogenetics or pharmacogenomics and patient safety/pharmacovigilance. Twenty-three academic institutions were identified that had the potential to train students in post-market drug evaluation research. Overall, 23 institutions taught courses in epidemiology, 22 in biostatistics, 17 in health economics/pharmacoeconomics, 5 in pharmacoepidemiology, 5 in pharmacogenetics/pharmacogenomics, and 3 in patient safety/pharmacovigilance. Of the 23 institutions, only the University of Ottawa offered six core courses. Two institutions offered five, seven offered four and the remaining 14 offered three or fewer. It is clear that some institutions may offer programs not entirely reflected in the nomenclature used for this review. As Heath Canada moves towards a more progressive licensing framework, augmented training to increase research capacity and expertise in drug safety and effectiveness is timely and necessary.

Construção coletiva de uma trilha ecológica no cerrado: pesquisa participativa em educação ambiental Collective construction of an ecological track in cerrado: participative research in environmental education

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juliana Lacorte Cazoto

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Dentre os muitos temas ambientais que podem ser problematizados pela Educação Ambiental encontra-se a proteção aos ecossistemas. Definiu-se como tema, num projeto de Educação Ambiental, o Cerrado, bioma amplamente degradado por ações antrópicas e que faz parte do ambiente natural de Botucatu, interior de São Paulo. Com o objetivo de despertar um olhar crítico-ambiental, visando a integração do ambiente natural e urbano, o projeto, realizado com alunos da 8ª série do Ensino Fundamental, teve como eixo a construção de uma Trilha Ecológica no Cerrado. Todo o processo de planejamento, realização e avaliação da trilha foi participativo: os participantes estudaram as características do Cerrado; identificaram, na área, as espécies remanescentes; discutiram as condições de conservação da área, e tomaram decisões sobre a construção da trilha como recurso educativo. Problematizaram, coletivamente, a interação comunidade-ambiente, articulando consciência ambiental e ação educativa, concluindo sobre o potencial desencadeador deste recurso para reflexões sobre temas socioambientais. O grupo teve a oportunidade de vivenciar um trabalho educativo com crianças da educação infantil, concretizando a trilha como recurso didático-pedagógico na aproximação "visitantes-educandos-ambiente".Among many subjects that could be debated by environmental education, we could mention the preservation of natural resources. We define the Cerrado, which is a biome largely degraded by human actions and part of the natural environment of Botucatu SP, as theme for an environmental education project. With the intention of creating special ecological attention that aims at the integration of natural and urban environments, this project, that was done with students from the 8 grade of Fundamental School, was concerned with the creation of an Ecological Track in the Cerrado. All the processes of planning, realization and analysis of the

Representación social de la crisis ambiental

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Ubaldo Rodríguez de Avila

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Abstract The purpose of this research is to identify the content and the meaning of social representation of the increasing environmental crisis and to determine the ranges of knowledge, attitude and perception of plans, programs, projects and education in environmental education, in students of high school and higher education of Santa Marta city, Colombia. The methodological is based on the proposed epistemology of the complementarily, uniting the descriptive analysis with the theory of facets. 292 fellows participated. It was found that the representations in environmental crisis are related to illnesses and contamination, as common problems, related with environmental, human and climatic factors. Resumen El objetivo del trabajo que motivó este artículo de investigación consistió en identificar el contenido y el significado de la representación social de la crisis ambiental, así como determinar los rangos de conocimiento, actitud y percepción frente a planes, programas, proyectos y docentes en educación ambiental, por parte de estudiantes de educación media y superior de la ciudad de Santa Marta, Colombia. En el estudio participaron 292 sujetos y el abordaje metodológico se basó en la propuesta epistémica de la complementariedad, uniendo el análisis descriptivo y la teoría de facetas. Se encontró que las representaciones de crisis ambientales se relacionan con enfermedades y contaminación, como problemas comunes relacionados con factores ambientales, humanos y climáticos.

Environmental information in Colombia; La informacion ambiental en Colombia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Velez S, Andres

2005-07-01

This article is a chapter from the paper, Elements for the description of an environmental information system, which was written by the author as a requirement for the degree of specialist on environment and Geoinformatics at the school of engineering. Universidad de Antioquia. The original paper attempted a description of the context and development of a particular environmental information system, built at the eastern region of Antioquia by CORNARE (a regional autonomous corporation for the environment and the natural resources). This article refers to the Colombian institutional context for environmental information. With particular emphasis laid on the strategic character that must be conceded to the administration of information. Towards the construction of equitable and sustainable development models under autonomous orientation an efficient and transparent environmental administration as is needed by such models is only attainable through the design and application of environmental information systems committed to the pursuit of collective interests. Here a balance is sought between accomplishments and failures reached during the long standing discussion held in Colombia around the formulation of public policies that acknowledge and strengthen the role of information as a cornerstone of environmental administration, and a contribution towards the goal of human sustainable development.

Environmental management programs of the Bolivia-Brazil gas pipeline; Programa de gestao ambiental do gasoduto Bolivia-Brasil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Santos, Helio Joaquim dos [TBG - Transportadora Brasileira Gasoduto Bolivia Brasil S.A., Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2003-07-01

One of the largest South America's enterprises of energy integration of the Bolivia/Brazil gas pipeline in Brazilian side own and operated by TBG has interacted with 05 states, 137 districts and 06 environment governmental entities (IBAMA and States' department) of environment multilateral financial institutions and group of ten of other governmental and not governmental organizations. The level of approved investment was of the order of 1,5 billion dollars, of which about 29 million had been destined the ambient activities. Thus, without precedents in Brazil this work presents the plan of ambient management of the enterprise, created to develop and implement the ambient programs during the construction and operation of the gas pipeline stage. The work here presented will give prominence to the programs of ambient compensation and social communication inside Brazil. (author)

Environmental scanning electron microscopy analysis of Proteus mirabilis biofilms grown on chitin and stainless steel.

Science.gov (United States)

Fernández-Delgado, Milagro; Duque, Zoilabet; Rojas, Héctor; Suárez, Paula; Contreras, Monica; García-Amado, María A; Alciaturi, Carlos

Proteus mirabilis is a human pathogen able to form biofilms on the surface of urinary catheters. Little is known about P. mirabilis biofilms on natural or industrial surfaces and the potential consequences for these settings. The main aim of this work was to assess and compare the adhesion and biofilm formation of P. mirabilis strains from different origins on chitin and stainless steel surfaces within 4 to 96 h. Using environmental scanning electron microscopy, the biofilms of a clinical strain grown on chitin at 4 h showed greater adhesion, aggregation, thickness, and extracellular matrix production than those grown on stainless steel, whereas biofilms of an environmental strain had less aggregation on both surfaces. Biofilms of both P. mirabilis strains developed different structures on chitin, such as pillars, mushrooms, channels, and crystalline-like precipitates between 24 and 96 h, in contrast with flat-layer biofilms produced on stainless steel. Significant differences ( p  biofilm formation. This represents the first study of P. mirabilis showing adhesion, biofilm formation, and development of different structures on surfaces found outside the human host.

A reaction cell for ambient pressure soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy

Science.gov (United States)

Castán-Guerrero, C.; Krizmancic, D.; Bonanni, V.; Edla, R.; Deluisa, A.; Salvador, F.; Rossi, G.; Panaccione, G.; Torelli, P.

2018-05-01

We present a new experimental setup for performing X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) in the soft X-ray range at ambient pressure. The ambient pressure XAS setup is fully compatible with the ultra high vacuum environment of a synchrotron radiation spectroscopy beamline end station by means of ultrathin Si3N4 membranes acting as windows for the X-ray beam and seal of the atmospheric sample environment. The XAS detection is performed in total electron yield (TEY) mode by probing the drain current from the sample with a picoammeter. The high signal/noise ratio achievable in the TEY mode, combined with a continuous scanning of the X-ray energies, makes it possible recording XAS spectra in a few seconds. The first results show the performance of this setup to record fast XAS spectra from sample surfaces exposed at atmospheric pressure, even in the case of highly insulating samples. The use of a permanent magnet inside the reaction cell enables the measurement of X-ray magnetic circular dichroism at ambient pressure.

A compact atomic force-scanning tunneling microscope for studying microelectronics and environmental aerosols

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen, G.

1996-06-01

This dissertation describes the characteristics and the construction of a compact atomic force/scanning tunneling microscope (AFM/STM). The basics and the method of preparing a tunneling junction between a chemically etched tunneling tip and a micro-manufactured cantilever is outlined by analyzing the forces between tunneling tip and cantilever as well as between force-sensing tip and sample surfaces. To our best knowledge this instrument is the first one using a commercial cantilever with only one piezoelectric tube carrying the whole tunneling sensor. The feedback control system has been optimized after a careful analysis of the electronic loop characteristics. The mode of operation has been determined by analyzing the dynamic characteristics of the scan heads and by investigating the time characteristics of the data acquisition system. The vibration isolation system has been calibrated by analyzing the characteristics of the damping setup and the stiffness of the scan head. The calculated results agree well with the measured ones. Also, a software package for data acquisition and real time display as well as for image processing and three-dimensional visualization has been developed. With this home-made software package, the images can be processed by means of a convolution filter, a Wiener filter and other 2-D FFT filters, and can be displayed in different ways. Atomic resolution images of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) and graphite surfaces have been obtained in AFM and STM mode. New theoretical explanations have been given for the observed anomalous STM and AFM images of graphite by calculating the asymmetric distribution of quantum conductance and tip-surface forces on a graphite surface. This not only resolved the theoretical puzzles of STM and AFM of graphite, but also revealed the relation between atomic force microscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy of graphite. Applications of STM and AFM to micro-electronic devices have been investigated

Contribuições para o trabalho com valores em Educação Ambiental Contributions to deal with values in Environmental Education

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Dalva Maria Bianchini Bonotto

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Neste artigo discute-se o trabalho com valores em Educação Ambiental, o que exige uma fundamentação e posicionamento adequados. Diante do impasse entre posições relativistas e universalistas para a educação em valores, aponta-se para a necessidade de explicitar nossa posição e ação em favor dos valores ambientalmente desejáveis, considerando que as questões envolvidas com o meio ambiente dizem respeito à vida e à sobrevivência de todos os seres do planeta. Estes valores podem ser identificados junto aos princípios presentes no "Tratado de educação global para sociedades sustentáveis e responsabilidade global", apresentado pela sociedade civil na ECO-92. Por fim, ressalta-se a necessidade de se desenvolverem estratégias educativas que envolvam as dimensões aqui denominadas de cognição, afetividade e ação, resultando em um trabalho abrangente, que amplie as possibilidades de o indivíduo apreender, de maneira mais efetiva, um dado valor, tendo, então, melhores condições de construí-lo em sua vida.In this paper we discuss the value content of Environmental Education, because it requires an adequate theoretical basis and positioning. The relativist and universalistic positions are presented and it is pointed out that the environmental questions and their respective values mean much more than simple personal options. This is because the environmental questions concern life and the survival of all living beings on the planet. Thus, we must make our position and actions consistent with these values. They are identified in the principles reported in "Treatise for the global education for sustainable societies and global responsibility", which was elaborated by the civil society at ECO-92. It is also considered that values education is an issue focusing on the dimensions of cognition, feelings and action. All these three dimensions aim at achieving a broader result.

Formação de professores e cidadania: projetos escolares no estudo do ambiente Teacher education and citizenship: school projects in environmental studies

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Vânia Maria Nunes dos Santos

2011-08-01

Full Text Available Este texto pretende apresentar reflexões resultantes de um estudo de doutorado focado na análise, por meio da pesquisa-ação, de projetos escolares de educação ambiental desenvolvidos a partir da formação continuada de professores em exercício, e suas contribuições na constituição de novos conhecimentos e procedimentos didático-pedagógicos para o estudo do ambiente e o exercício da cidadania. Visando à construção do olhar geocientífico na escola, os projetos de educação ambiental utilizaram diferentes práticas de campo para o (reconhecimento do lugar de estudo associadas a recursos de sensoriamento remoto (imagens de satélite, fotos aéreas e mapas, objetivando a construção de uma visão integrada da realidade socioambiental a partir do estabelecimento de relações dialéticas entre o local e o global como suporte à análise de problemas, de suas repercussões e implicações em diferentes escalas de observação. O desenvolvimento dos projetos oportunizou a formação de professores-pesquisadores inovadores, críticos e reflexivos ante as realidades escolar e socioambiental. Além disso, propiciou aos alunos condições para observarem e conhecerem seu meio ambiente e o lugar em que vivem, refletirem sobre suas condições reais e, com base nesse processo, proporem ações e construir em intervenções educativas diante dos problemas estudados, em busca de soluções. Ao incorporar a questão socioambiental à prática pedagógica, os projetos escolares buscaram inserir a escola na realidade, contribuindo para a formação, por meio da aprendizagem social, de cidadãos críticos e participativos em ações conjuntas e colaborativas (escola, comunidade, poder público, visando ao desenvolvimento de políticas públicas democráticas e sustentáveis para a melhoria da qualidade de vida.This text seeks to present reflections resulting from a doctorate research focused on the analysis, through action-research, of school

MISSION AND VISION, ENVIRONMENTAL SCANNING AND FORMALITY OF STRATEGIC PLANNING AS PREDICTORS OF THE PERFORMANCE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (SMES IN THE GAUTENG PROVINCE OF SOUTH AFRICA

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Maxwell SANDADA

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Faced with volatile business conditions and the hyper competitive market environment, SMEs are continuously focusing on finding ways to improve their performance. This paper attempts to establish the effect of mission and vision, environmental scanning and the formality of the strategic planning process on the performance of SMEs. A quantitative research approach was pursued through a self-administered survey questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and regression analysis were used to analyse the data. The main findings of the study suggest that, the mission and vision statements, environmental scanning and the formality of strategic planning have a positive effect on the performance of SMEs. The formality of strategic planning emerged as the factor with a stronger impact on SME performance than environmental scanning and mission and vision. The study provides some practical insights for SMEs for improving their performance in line with the identified effect of these three factors. Ultimately, improving their performance along these factors is set to reinforce SME sustainability and which will further stimulate their profitability.

Valoração econômica da área de proteção ambiental estadual da Cachoeira das Andorinhas - MG Economic valuation of the state environmental protection area of Cachoeira das Andorinhas - MG

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Vanessa Cotta Silveira

2013-04-01

Full Text Available A valoração econômica dos ativos ambientais é importante critério que subsidia a tomada de decisões na definição de políticas que gerenciam os recursos naturais. Nesse sentido, buscou-se valorar a Área de Proteção Ambiental Estadual da Cachoeira das Andorinhas (APAE/CA, importante Unidade de Conservação do Município de Ouro Preto, MG, com 18.700 ha de extensão. Apesar de possuir importante patrimônio natural, tal ativo ambiental possui áreas degradadas, além de ainda não ter o respaldo necessário dos órgãos gestores para o seu efetivo manejo. Como área de estudo, definiu-se a sub-bacia do Rio das Velhas, na qual a APAE/CA está inserida, abrangendo distritos localizados em Ouro Preto e Itabirito. Utilizando a Valoração Contingente, através da abordagem de Hanemann (1984 e do método do bootstrapping, obteve-se a disposição a pagar (DAP mensal mediana por habitante dos distritos envolvidos pela melhoria e preservação da APAE/CA de R$15,43. O valor econômico calculado para o ativo ambiental foi de R$10.398.030,12, representando os benefícios anuais fornecidos pela APAE/CA e que são percebidos pelos entrevistados. Conjuntamente com a valoração, utilizaram-se variáveis de percepção ambiental, a fim de verificar seu impacto sobre a DAP em estudo. Os resultados encontrados apontaram que a percepção e a valoração ambiental são positivamente correlacionadas.The economic valuation of environmental assets is an important criterion that subsidizes the decision-making in the policies definition that manage natural resources. Therefore, it was aimed to valuing the Área de Proteção Ambiental Estadual da Cachoeira das Andorinhas (APAE/CA - State Environmental Protection Area of Cachoeira das Andorinhas, an important Conservation Unit in Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais State, with 18,700 hectares of extension. Despite having an important natural heritage, such environmental asset has degraded areas in addition to the lack

Concepción didáctica para desarrollar lo ético-ambiental en el proceso de formación del profesional Didactical conception to develop the ethical-environmental within the professional formation process

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Yusimí García Chediak

2011-08-01

Full Text Available El trabajo presenta una concepción didáctica para el desarrollo de lo ético-ambiental en la formación del profesional. Esta tributa a la adquisición de una cultura general integral los estudiantes, según se apropien de los elementos conceptuales, cognitivos, afectivos y conductuales en las actuales condiciones. La propuesta permite la incorporación de los conceptos ambientales a las disciplinas que forman al futuro profesional, generando actitudes responsables el medio ambiente.This paper presents a didactical conception to develop the ethical-environmental aspect within the education of professionals. It provides students with an integrated general culture, according to their appropriation of conceptual, cognitive, affective and behavioral elements of present circumstances. The proposal allows the incorporation of environmental concepts into the disciplines that form future professionals, which generates responsible attitude towards the environment.

40 CFR Appendix R to Part 50 - Interpretation of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Lead

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Interpretation of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Lead R Appendix R to Part 50 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL.... 50, App. R Appendix R to Part 50—Interpretation of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for...

Brote del virus ISA: crisis ambiental y capacidad de la institucionalidad ambiental para manejar el conflicto

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Beatriz Bustos

2012-09-01

Full Text Available La industria salmonera chilena vivió recientemente una crisis de magnitud a partir de la aparición del virus ISA. El artículo examina esta situación, concentrándose en el papel que desempeña la ciencia en las soluciones políticas propuestas, como caso para discutir la capacidad de los mecanismos de gobernanza ambiental neoliberal para solucionar crisis ambientales y económicas. La pregunta que guía el trabajo es: ¿cuál fue el rol de la ciencia en la política ambiental para la industria? El argumento promovido es que la crisis representa un momento de reestructuración de la relación sociedad-naturaleza, en el cual se redefinieron mecanismos de propiedad, control y acceso a recursos naturales, pero en el que, pese al discurso neoliberal de confianza en los expertos y la ciencia como elementos de toma de decisiones, la información científica tuvo escasa relevancia.The Chilean salmon industry recently experienced a crisis due to an outbreak of the ISA virus. The article examines the crisis focusing on the role of science in the policy solutions proposed, to discuss the real capacity of neoliberal environmental governance mechanisms to solve environmental and economic crisis. The question guiding this research is, which was the role of science in environmental policy createdfor the salmon industry? The argument is that the crisis represents a reestructuring of the relationship between society and nature through the redefinition of property rights, control and access to natural resources, but in which, in spite of a neoliberal discourse of trust in experts and science as elements of decision making, scientific information had little relevance.

Experimental Assessment of residential split type air-conditioning systems using alternative refrigerants to R-22 at high ambient temperatures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Joudi, Khalid A.; Al-Amir, Qusay R.

2014-01-01

Highlights: • R290, R407C and R410A in residential split A/C units at high ambient. • 1 and 2 TR residential air conditioners with R22 alternatives at high ambient. • Residential split unit performance at ambients up to 55 °C with R22 alternatives. - Abstract: Steady state performance of residential air conditioning systems using R22 and alternatives R290, R407C, R410A, at high ambient temperatures, have been investigated experimentally. System performance parameters such as optimum refrigerant charge, coefficient of performance, cooling capacity, power consumption, pressure ratio, power per ton of refrigeration and TEWI environmental factor have been determined. All refrigerants were tested in the cooling mode operation under high ambient air temperatures, up to 55 °C, to determine their suitability. Two split type air conditioner of 1 and 2 TR capacities were used. A psychrometric test facility was constructed consisting of a conditioned cool compartment and an environmental duct serving the condenser. Air inside the conditioned compartment was maintained at 25 °C dry bulb and 19 °C wet bulb for all tests. In the environmental duct, the ambient air temperature was varied from 35 °C to 55 °C in 5 °C increments. The study showed that R290 is the better candidate to replace R22 under high ambient air temperatures. It has lower TEWI values and a better coefficient of performance than the other refrigerants tested. It is suitable as a drop-in refrigerant. R407C has the closest performance to R22, followed by R410A

Microeconomia e Meio Ambiente: Análise de Fundamentos Microeconômicos Inerentes à Gestão Ambiental nas Organizações MICROECONOMICS AND THE ENVIRONMENT: ANALYSIS OF MICROECONOMIC BASIS INHERENT TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN THE ORGANIZATIONS

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Nilton dos Santos Portugal

2010-12-01

of the microeconomic theory in the aspects of the enterprise environmental management is verified thus, mainly for the fact that the environmental question currently influences directly the strategic planning of the organizations.A pesquisa que se segue objetiva apresentar certos fundamentos da microeconomia passíveis de aplicação e análise na gestão ambiental das empresas. Inicialmente realiza-se uma revisão sobre os conceitos e fundamentos microeconômicos, como a curva de possibilidade de produção, custos de poluição e de controle, benefícios e custos totais e marginais e teoria dos jogos; sendo, posteriormente, abordadas suas possíveis influências, inclusive com exercícios hipotéticos para compreensão da aplicabilidade dos fundamentos. Importante salientar que, na abordagem da teoria dos jogos, demonstra-se a justificativa da ação das agências reguladoras como órgãos de implementação de controles ambientais nas empresas. As ferramentas aqui abordadas são consideradas sob o aspecto teórico, mas permitem uma posterior aplicação nos processos gerenciais, na busca por tecnologias produtivas verdes e por certificações específicas. A pesquisa utiliza como metodologia o método dedutivo, buscando da teoria geral da microeconomia uma aplicação específica na gestão ambiental e, como procedimento técnico, utiliza a pesquisa bibliográfica. Verifica-se, assim, a consolidação da aplicabilidade da teoria microeconômica nos aspectos da gestão ambiental empresarial, principalmente pelo fato de que a questão ambiental atualmente influencia diretamente o planejamento estratégico das organizações.

Interprofessional education for internationally educated health professionals: an environmental scan

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Arain M

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Mubashir Arain,1 Esther Suter,1 Sara Mallinson,1 Shelanne L Hepp,1 Siegrid Deutschlander,1 Shyama Dilani Nanayakkara,2 Elizabeth Louise Harrison,3 Grace Mickelson,4 Lesley Bainbridge,5 Ruby E Grymonpre2 1Workforce Research & Evaluation, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, 2College of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, 3School of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, 4Provincial Health Services Authority, Vancouver, BC, 5Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada Objective: The objective of this environmental scan was to identify Western Canadian interprofessional education (IPE resources that currently exist for internationally educated health professionals (IEHPs. Methodology: A web-based search was conducted to identify learning resources meeting defined inclusion criteria with a particular focus on the resources available in the Western Canadian provinces. Information was extracted using a standardized template, and we contacted IEHP programs for additional information if necessary. Members of the research team reviewed preliminary findings, identified missing information from their respective provinces, and contacted organizations to fill in any gaps. Results: The scan identified 26 learning resources for IEHPs in Western Canadian provinces and 15 in other provinces focused on support for IEHPs to meet their profession-specific licensing requirements and to acquire knowledge and competencies relevant to working in the Canadian health care system. Most learning resources, such as those found in bridging programs for IEHPs, included an orientation to the Canadian health care system, components of cultural competence, and at least one aspect of interprofessional competence (eg, communication skills. None of the 41 learning resources provided comprehensive training for IEHPs to cover the six interprofessional competency

CRECIMIENTO ECONÓMICO, DESIGUALDAD SOCIAL Y MEDIO AMBIENTE: EVIDENCIA EMPÍRICA PARA AMÉRICA LATINA

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Francisco Correa Restrepo

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo tiene como objetivo realizar un análisis económico de la validez de la hipótesis de la Curva Ambiental de Kuznets para América Latina. Adicionalmente, busca comprobar empíricamente la hipótesis según la cual las desigualdades socioeconómicas son factores determinantes en la explicación de la calidad ambiental. Los resultados encontrados en este trabajo permiten concluir que es necesario revaluar la hipótesis de la curva ambiental de Kuznets no sólo en función de los problemas metodológicos, sino también con respecto a la conceptualización del término medio ambiente. Igualmente, reconociendo que la Curva Ambiental de Kuznets sólo se restringe a la relación entre contaminación y crecimiento económico, se concluye que los países de la región deben esforzarse en implementar políticas públicas que logren hacer más corto el tiempo para alcanzar el punto umbral necesario.This article aims at carrying out an economic analysis over the validity of the hypothesis of Kuznets' Environmental Curve for Latin America. Furthermore, it aims at empirically verifying the hypothesis that social and economical inequalities are determining factors in the explanation of the environmental quality. The outcome of the research allows us to conclude that it is necessary to re-evaluate the hypothesis of Kuznets' Environmental Curve not only based upon the methodological problems, but also in regards to the conceptualization of the Environment. Also, recognizing that Kuznets' Environmental Curve is only restricted to the relation between pollution and economical growth, this work concludes that the countries of the region must make an effort to implement public policies that would save time to reach the necessary threshold point.

An environmental scan of quality indicators in critical care.

Science.gov (United States)

Valiani, Sabira; Rigal, Romain; Stelfox, Henry T; Muscedere, John; Martin, Claudio M; Dodek, Peter; Lamontagne, François; Fowler, Robert; Gheshmy, Afshan; Cook, Deborah J; Forster, Alan J; Hébert, Paul C

2017-06-21

We performed a directed environmental scan to identify and categorize quality indicators unique to critical care that are reported by key stakeholder organizations. We convened a panel of experts ( n = 9) to identify key organizations that are focused on quality improvement or critical care, and reviewed their online publications and website content for quality indicators. We identified quality indicators specific to the care of critically ill adult patients and then categorized them according to the Donabedian and the Institute of Medicine frameworks. We also noted the organizations' rationale for selecting these indicators and their reported evidence base. From 28 targeted organizations, we identified 222 quality indicators, 127 of which were unique. Of the 127 indicators, 63 (32.5%) were safety indicators and 61 (31.4%) were effectiveness indicators. The rationale for selecting quality indicators was supported by consensus for 58 (26.1%) of the 222 indicators and by published research evidence for 45 (20.3%); for 119 indicators (53.6%), the rationale was not reported or the reader was referred to other organizations' reports. Of the 127 unique quality indicators, 27 (21.2%) were accompanied by a formal grading of evidence, whereas for 52 (40.9%), no reference to evidence was provided. There are many quality indicators related to critical care that are available in the public domain. However, owing to a paucity of rationale for selection, supporting evidence and results of implementation, it is not clear which indicators should be adopted for use. Copyright 2017, Joule Inc. or its licensors.

Teatro de fantoches na formação continuada docente em educação ambiental Puppet theatre in teacher continued environmental education

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Osmarina Maria dos Santos Dantas

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Neste artigo, apresentamos os resultados de uma pesquisa-ação participativa realizada no espaço do Grupo de Pesquisa e Estudos em Educação Ambiental / Sala Verde Pororoca: espaço socioambiental Paulo Freire (GPEEA/Sala Verde, na UFPA. O objetivo foi investigar as contribuições do teatro de fantoches como proposta pedagógica na formação continuada de professores em educação ambiental. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram seis professoras do ensino básico, as quais são aqui identificadas pelos seguintes pseudônimos: Lucia, Michelle, Izabel, Eloísa, Marta e Ana. Utilizamos quatro fontes para a coleta das informações: 1 um questionário sobre dados pessoais e com as perguntas a Que motivos levaram você a se inscrever na oficina? e b Qual é o entendimento de educação ambiental predominante?; 2 uma oficina; 3 um diário de bordo; e 4 entrevistas para complementar as informações fornecidas pelas professoras. Para analisar os dados, utilizamos a técnica da triangulação metodológica. Constatamos que o teatro de fantoches, como estratégia de ensino-aprendizagem de conhecimentos ambientais, foi importante em todas as etapas. A utilização do teatro de fantoches como metodologia foi entusiasticamente reconhecida pelas professoras como viável na prática docente em todas as disciplinas. E o mais importante: elas perceberam que, para a elaboração de qualquer atividade alternativa, há a necessidade de um planejamento, pois é preciso ter uma finalidade pedagógica, com conotação diferente do lúdico pelo lúdico.In this article we present the results of a participative action-research conducted at the space of the Group of Research and Studies in Environmental Education/Green Room Pororoca: socio-environmental space Paulo Freire (GPEEA/Sala Verde at the UPFA. The objective here was to investigate the contributions of puppet theatre as a pedagogical proposal in the continued environmental education of teachers. The subjects of the

Three-dimensional machining of carbon nanotube forests using water-assisted scanning electron microscope processing

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rajabifar, Bahram; Maschmann, Matthew R., E-mail: MaschmannM@missouri.edu [Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (United States); Kim, Sanha; Hart, A. John [Department of Mechanical Engineering and Laboratory for Manufacturing and Productivity, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 (United States); Slinker, Keith [Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, AFRL/RX, Air Force Research Lab, Ohio 45433 (United States); Universal Technology Corporation, Beavercreek, Ohio 45424 (United States); Ehlert, Gregory J. [Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, AFRL/RX, Air Force Research Lab, Ohio 45433 (United States)

2015-10-05

We demonstrate that vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can be precisely machined in a low pressure water vapor ambient using the electron beam of an environmental scanning electron microscope. The electron beam locally damages the irradiated regions of the CNT forest and also dissociates the water vapor molecules into reactive species including hydroxyl radicals. These species then locally oxidize the damaged region of the CNTs. The technique offers material removal capabilities ranging from selected CNTs to hundreds of cubic microns. We study how the material removal rate is influenced by the acceleration voltage, beam current, dwell time, operating pressure, and CNT orientation. Milled cuts with depths between 0–100 microns are generated, corresponding to a material removal rate of up to 20.1 μm{sup 3}/min. The technique produces little carbon residue and does not disturb the native morphology of the CNT network. Finally, we demonstrate direct machining of pyramidal surfaces and re-entrant cuts to create freestanding geometries.

Three-dimensional machining of carbon nanotube forests using water-assisted scanning electron microscope processing

Science.gov (United States)

Rajabifar, Bahram; Kim, Sanha; Slinker, Keith; Ehlert, Gregory J.; Hart, A. John; Maschmann, Matthew R.

2015-10-01

We demonstrate that vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can be precisely machined in a low pressure water vapor ambient using the electron beam of an environmental scanning electron microscope. The electron beam locally damages the irradiated regions of the CNT forest and also dissociates the water vapor molecules into reactive species including hydroxyl radicals. These species then locally oxidize the damaged region of the CNTs. The technique offers material removal capabilities ranging from selected CNTs to hundreds of cubic microns. We study how the material removal rate is influenced by the acceleration voltage, beam current, dwell time, operating pressure, and CNT orientation. Milled cuts with depths between 0-100 microns are generated, corresponding to a material removal rate of up to 20.1 μm3/min. The technique produces little carbon residue and does not disturb the native morphology of the CNT network. Finally, we demonstrate direct machining of pyramidal surfaces and re-entrant cuts to create freestanding geometries.

Gestão ambiental: uma súplica do planeta, um desafio para políticas públicas, incubadoras e pequenas empresas Environmental management: a planet's pledge, a challenge for public policies, incubators and small firms

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Sergio Azevedo Fonseca

2010-12-01

Full Text Available O texto traz uma reflexão sobre o papel das incubadoras de empresas no apoio a práticas ambientais por micro e pequenas empresas. Reconhecendo as debilidades estruturais das empresas de pequeno porte e as dificuldades para a realização de investimentos ambientais, defende o uso de incubadoras como instrumento de política pública para estimular investimentos ambientais. Identifica um número restrito de incubadoras de tecnologias ambientais, em plano internacional. Relata os resultados de uma pesquisa que avaliou a aplicabilidade de um indicador para apurar o desempenho ambiental de incubadoras. Destacaram-se dois resultados: a a baixa importância atribuída, pelas incubadoras (e pelas empresas abrigadas ao desempenho ambiental; e b a ausência de estímulos, pelas incubadoras, aos investimentos ambientais. Desse último resultado deriva importante conclusão: a de que, uma vez apurados os padrões insatisfatórios de desempenho ambiental, de incubadoras e empresas assistidas, ficariam criadas as condições para a formulação e a implementação de medidas indutoras de novas posturas.The paper aims to contribute to academic reflections on the role of business incubators as institutional agents to promote environmental performance by small firms. Based on the assumption that these firms have natural structural weaknesses and, as a consequence, intrinsic difficulties in investing in environmental assets, the paper suggests that a particular public policy, namely, business incubators, could contribute to overcoming these barriers and thus pave the way for environmental investments. Two important findings should be highlighted: a the neglect of the incubators investigated (and thus, of the nurtured firms with respect to environmental performance; b the absence of stimuli, from business incubators, for environmental investments. From the results, an important conclusion may be drawn: namely, that where weak patterns of environmental

The spatial concentration of dust emissions measured by using 3D scanning lidar in the open storage yards of steel-making company

Science.gov (United States)

Chiang, Chih-Wei; Chiang, Hong-Wei; Chou, Huann-Ming; Sun, Shu-Huang; Lee, Jiann-Shen

2017-06-01

The wind-blown dust emissions frequently occur in the open storage yards of steel-making companies. Tracking the dust source and monitoring their dispersion are rather difficult. This type of open-air storage yards poses many environmental hazards. The 3-D scanning lidar system is effective in environmental monitoring (e.g., dust) with high temporal and spatial resolution, which is lacking in traditional ground-based measurement. The objective of this paper is to make an attempt for the flux estimation of dust concentration by using lidar system. Further, we investigate the dynamical process of dust and their relationship with local air quality monitoring data. The results show that the material storage erosion by wind ( 3.6 m/s) could cause dust to elevate up to 20m height above the material storage, and produces the flux of dust around 674 mg/s. The flux of dust is proportional to the dust mass concentration (PM10) measured by commercial ambient particular monitors.

The effect of ambient ozone and humidity on the performance of nylon and Teflon filters used in ambient air monitoring filter-pack systems

Science.gov (United States)

PE Padgett

2010-01-01

Nylon and Teflon filter media are frequently used for monitoring ambient air pollutants. These media are subject to many environmental factors that may influence adsorption and retention of particulate and gaseous nitrogenous pollutants. This study evaluated the effects of ozone and humidity on the efficacy of nylon and Teflon filters used in the US dry deposition...

ANÁLISIS DOGMÁTICO DEL DERECHO PENAL AMBIENTAL CHILENO, A LA LUZ DEL DERECHO COMPARADO Y LAS OBLIGACIONES CONTRAÍDAS POR CHILE EN EL ÁMBITO DEL DERECHO INTERNACIONAL: CONCLUSIONES Y PROPUESTA LEGISLATIVA FUNDADA PARA UNA NUEVA PROTECCIÓN PENAL DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE EN CHILE

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Jean Pierre Matus Acuña

2003-01-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo corresponde al Informe Final del Proyecto FONDECYT 1010206­2001, sobre tratamiento penal de los delitos contra el medio ambiente en Chile. Sus conclusiones se exponen en siete partes: la primera aborda la cuestión de la necesidad de un derecho penal protector del medio ambiente, ante los riesgos a que se encuentra sometido en las sociedades contemporáneas; la segunda, la necesidad de su regulación desde el punto de vista del Derecho Internacional y las obligaciones contraídas en la materia; la tercera, una descripción sucinta de los modelos de regulación de la protección penal del medio ambiente en el derecho comparado; la cuarta, una explicación acerca de las normas de derecho penal ambiental vigentes en Chile; la quinta, el por qué de la insuficiencia legislativa penal para la protección del medio ambiente, a la luz de las obligaciones internacionales contraídas en la materia, el estado del derecho comparado y la necesidad de evitar la burla del Sistema de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental; la sexta, una reseña y crítica científica de los proyectos de ley en materia penal ambiental presentados al Congreso Nacional; y la séptima, las ideas matrices de las soluciones de lege ferenda que se ofrecen a los problemas de las insuficiencias del Derecho nacional en la materia y el texto de la propuesta de Proyecto de Ley elaborado, producto final de nuestras investigaciones.This article argues in favor of an environmental criminal law to respond both to the risks pervasive in contemporary societies and to the requirements of international law and Chile's international obligations in this area. A succint description of environmental crime in comparative law is provided, together with an elaboration of the sparse environmental crimes currently in the books in Chile. Reasons for this legislative deficit are explored in light of international obligations, comparative law, and the need to close loopholes in the

Photoelectron spectroscopy under ambient pressure and temperature conditions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Frank Ogletree, D.; Bluhm, Hendrik; Hebenstreit, Eleonore D.; Salmeron, Miquel

2009-01-01

We describe the development and applications of novel instrumentation for photoemission spectroscopy of solid or liquid surfaces in the presence of gases under ambient conditions of pressure and temperature. The new instrument overcomes the strong scattering of electrons in gases by the use of an aperture close to the surface followed by a differentially-pumped electrostatic lens system. In addition to the scattering problem, experiments in the presence of condensed water or other liquids require the development of special sample holders to provide localized cooling. We discuss the first two generations of Ambient Pressure PhotoEmission Spectroscopy (APPES) instruments developed at synchrotron light sources (ALS in Berkeley and BESSY in Berlin), with special focus on the Berkeley instruments. Applications to environmental science and catalytic chemical research are illustrated in two examples.

Economical and ambient sustainability: an ideal of the international society Sustentabilidade econômica e ambiental: um ideal da sociedade internacional

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Marlene Kempfer Bassoli

2005-12-01

Full Text Available The incorporation of the environmental issue by international offices and regional blocks in the last decades, has demonstrated a growing preoccupation with the road to sustainable socio-economic development. The contemporary development process, consolidated by the capitalist production model, has exercised great influence on society in general. This globalized economic model gave rise to a new network of relations which have affected the political structures of the States. Thus, among the many concerns involving these changes is the incorporation of environmental values to reach sustainable development, to promote economic development taking into account environment protection and social justice. In face of the transnacionality issue and the importance of the objective at hand, it is fundamental to raise people’s awareness of the legal harmonization issue.A incorporação do tema ambiental por organismos internacionais e blocos regionais, ao longo das últimas décadas do século XX, demonstra uma lenta preocupação com o caminho do desenvolvimento sócio-econômico sustentável. O processo de desenvolvimento, que se consolidou a partir do modo de produção capitalista, exerceu influência sobre a sociedade de um modo geral. Um modelo econômico de efeito globalizante, trouxe à tona uma nova rede de relações, com reflexos, inclusive, nas estruturas políticas dos Estados. Assim, entre as necessárias preocupações, diante das mudanças, está a incorporação de valores relacionados ao meio ambiente para alcançar o desenvolvimento sustentável, ou seja, desenvolvimento econômico com preservação do meio ambiente e justiça social. Diante da transnacionalidade da questão ambiental e para alcançar tal objetivo, é fundamental despertar para a consciência do caminho da harmonização legislativa.

Crítica ao fetichismo da individualidade e aos dualismos na educação ambiental Critic to the fetichism of (the individuality and the dualism in environmental education

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Carlos Frederico B. Loureiro

2006-06-01

Full Text Available No presente artigo estabelecemos a crítica a duas categorias recorrentes em Educação Ambiental, tanto em termos práticos quanto discursivos: o fetichismo da individualidade e os dualismos escola-sociedade, linguagem-trabalho. À luz de um referencial teórico inserido na tradição dialética emancipatória, problematizamos os limites e as implicações pedagógicas de tais categorias no fazer educativo ambiental. Com isso, sinalizamos para a necessidade de maior reflexão e debates acerca do que representa a incorporação de certos posicionamentos a-históricos e não-dialéticos, apesar de por vezes relacionais, diante dos desafios e finalidades que os educadores ambientais historicamente se colocam. Por fim, reafirmamos a pertinência do método dialético marxiano, quando se tem por objetivo a construção de uma Educação Ambiental baseada na compreensão complexa e contextualizada da realidade e focalizada na superação das relações sociais estabelecidas no capitalismo, como caminho para a concretização de um novo patamar societário na natureza.In this article we establish the critic made to two recurrent categories in Environmental Education, in practical and discursive terms: the fetichism of individuality and the dualism school-society, speech-work. In the context of a theoretical reference from the emancipating dialectic tradition, we question the limits and the pedagogical implications of these categories in practicing environmental education. In this way, we draw attention to the necessity of deeper considerations and more debates of some non-historical and non-dialectic points of view, eventhough sometimes related, in face of the challenges and objectives that environmental educators historically deals with. At last, we reaffirm the relevance of Marx's dialectical method, when the objective is the construction of an Environmental Education established in understanding the reality in its complexity and context, and

A arte do encontro: a Educação Eestética Ambiental atuando com o Teatro do Oprimido The art of meeting: the Aesthetic Environmental Education acting with the Theater of the Oppressed

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Eduardo Silveira

2009-12-01

Full Text Available A educação ambiental tem a tarefa de buscar novas formas de relacionamento entre ser humano e natureza, pautadas em um posicionamento ético, mas carrega as dificuldades impostas por um modelo de educação engessado, pautado na lógica da racionalidade técnico-científica que permeia toda a sociedade. Na tentativa de superar essa condição, propomos a educação estética ambiental como forma de o ser humano relacionar-se com o mundo que habita, tendo o desafio de provocar o reencontro do humano com as dimensões sensível, afetiva e poética que o compõem. Tendo este campo como fundamento, buscamos, teoricamente, refletir sobre a inserção de uma proposta artística como meio de se chegar aos objetivos necessários à educação ambiental. No campo da arte, voltamo-nos ao teatro do oprimido, que tem como principal objetivo a democratização do teatro, considerada atividade orgânica do ser humano. Identificamos nele aproximações com os princípios e objetivos buscados pela educação estética ambiental.The environmental education is aimed at seeking new forms of relationship between human beings and nature. Although based on an ethical position, it carries the difficulties imposed by a plaster model of education, based on the logic of technical-scientific rationality that permeates society. In an attempt to overcome such condition we propose the aesthetic environmental education as a way of human beings to relate with the world they inhabit while posing the challenge to lead the reunion with their sensitive, emotional and poetic dimensions. Having this field as a basis, we, theoretically, reflect on the inclusion of an artistic proposal as a means of achieving the necessary goals for the environmental education. In the field of art, we turn to the theater of the oppressed, which has the goal of theater democratization, as an organic activity of human beings. We have identified in it approximations to the principles and objectives

Contribution of the height in the ambient dose equivalent; Contribuicao da altitude no equivalente de dose ambiente

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

de Campos, Vicente de P.; Manzoli, Jose E.; Alipio, Osvaldo C.; Carneiro, Janete C.G.; Rodrigues Junior, Orlando, E-mail: vpcampos@ipen.br [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

2013-07-01

The aim of this study is to evaluate the contribution of natural sources in the ambient dose equivalent. The evaluation of the levels of environmental radiation was performed using thermoluminescent dosimeters CaSO{sub 4} of doped C, which have high sensitivity and little fading. The dosimeters were placed in five locations at different altitudes, covering the period from three to nine years depending on their location. The results were grouped according to the use and occupation of land in the vicinity of the measurement point.

ANALYSIS OF RESPIRATORY DEPOSITION OF INHALED AMBIENT AEROSOLS FOR DIFFERENT DOSE METRICS

Science.gov (United States)

ANALYSIS OF RESPIRATORY DEPOSITION OF INHALED AMBIENT AEROSOLS FOR DIFFERENT DOSE METRICS.Chong S. Kim, SC. Hu**, PA Jaques*, US EPA, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711; **IIT Research Institute, Chicago, IL; *South...

Patterned graphene functionalization via mask-free scanning of micro-plasma jet under ambient condition

Science.gov (United States)

Ye, Dong; Wu, Shu-Qun; Yu, Yao; Liu, Lin; Lu, Xin-Pei; Wu, Yue

2014-03-01

In this work, a mask-free method is introduced for patterned nitrogen doping of graphene using a micro-plasma jet under ambient condition. Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra indicate that nitrogen atoms are incorporated into the graphene lattice with the two-dimensional spatial distribution precisely controlled in the range of mm down to 10 μm. Since the chemistry of the micro-plasma jet can be controlled by the choice of the gas mixture, this direct writing process with micro-plasma jet can be a versatile approach for patterned functionalization of graphene with high spatial resolution. This could have promising applications in graphene-based electronics.

Patterned graphene functionalization via mask-free scanning of micro-plasma jet under ambient condition

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ye, Dong; Yu, Yao; Liu, Lin; Wu, Shu-Qun; Lu, Xin-Pei; Wu, Yue

2014-01-01

In this work, a mask-free method is introduced for patterned nitrogen doping of graphene using a micro-plasma jet under ambient condition. Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra indicate that nitrogen atoms are incorporated into the graphene lattice with the two-dimensional spatial distribution precisely controlled in the range of mm down to 10 μm. Since the chemistry of the micro-plasma jet can be controlled by the choice of the gas mixture, this direct writing process with micro-plasma jet can be a versatile approach for patterned functionalization of graphene with high spatial resolution. This could have promising applications in graphene-based electronics

Patterned graphene functionalization via mask-free scanning of micro-plasma jet under ambient condition

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ye, Dong; Yu, Yao, E-mail: ensiyu@mail.hust.edu.cn; Liu, Lin [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan (China); Wu, Shu-Qun; Lu, Xin-Pei [State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan (China); Wu, Yue [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3255 (United States)

2014-03-10

In this work, a mask-free method is introduced for patterned nitrogen doping of graphene using a micro-plasma jet under ambient condition. Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra indicate that nitrogen atoms are incorporated into the graphene lattice with the two-dimensional spatial distribution precisely controlled in the range of mm down to 10 μm. Since the chemistry of the micro-plasma jet can be controlled by the choice of the gas mixture, this direct writing process with micro-plasma jet can be a versatile approach for patterned functionalization of graphene with high spatial resolution. This could have promising applications in graphene-based electronics.

Characterization of selenium in ambient aerosols and primary emission sources.

Science.gov (United States)

De Santiago, Arlette; Longo, Amelia F; Ingall, Ellery D; Diaz, Julia M; King, Laura E; Lai, Barry; Weber, Rodney J; Russell, Armistead G; Oakes, Michelle

2014-08-19

Atmospheric selenium (Se) in aerosols was investigated using X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) microscopy. These techniques were used to determine the oxidation state and elemental associations of Se in common primary emission sources and ambient aerosols collected from the greater Atlanta area. In the majority of ambient aerosol and primary emission source samples, the spectroscopic patterns as well as the absence of elemental correlations suggest Se is in an elemental, organic, or oxide form. XRF microscopy revealed numerous Se-rich particles, or hotspots, accounting on average for ∼16% of the total Se in ambient aerosols. Hotspots contained primarily Se(0)/Se(-II). However, larger, bulk spectroscopic characterizations revealed Se(IV) as the dominant oxidation state in ambient aerosol, followed by Se(0)/Se(-II) and Se(VI). Se(IV) was the only observed oxidation state in gasoline, diesel, and coal fly ash, while biomass burning contained a combination of Se(0)/Se(-II) and Se(IV). Although the majority of Se in aerosols was in the most toxic form, the Se concentration is well below the California Environmental Protection Agency chronic exposure limit (∼20000 ng/m(3)).

Monitoring ambient air for mutagenicity using the higher plant Tradescantia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schairer, L.A.; Sautkulis, R.C.; Tempel, N.R.

1982-01-01

The major emphasis for short-term bioassays has been placed on bacterial and mammalian cell lines. However, for increased perspective on the state-of-the-art of specific in vitro assays it is important to consider the environmental impact on whole organisms by reviewing the contributions made by in vivo assays. This paper will deal exclusively with somatic mutation in the Tradescantia stamen hair: describing the system briefly, demonstrating its relevance to environmental mutagen assessment and discussing its adaptation for in situ ambient atmosphere monitoring

Quick scan of the economical, technological and environmental aspects of biomass value chains

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kimball, E.; Urbanus, J.; Bloom, J.G.P.

2011-01-15

Results are presented of the AERTOs project (Associated European Research and Technology Organisations). The objective is to identify, design and implement joint, long-term, sustainable cooperation activities between RTOs (Research and Technology Organisations). The purpose of this work is a bottom-up approach to develop and deploy joint activities towards a Bio-based Economy. The results of this report will deliver input for a more extensive paper about the position of the RTOs in Europe. This report contains a quick scan of various biomass value chains that could emerge. Together with the AERTOs partners several bio-based chains were selected for further evaluation. Next, the technological, economical and environmental aspects of each step of the production chain were determined. By integrating this data over the full chain, the chains could be compared to each other in a consistent way. A sensitivity analysis then provided insight into the bottlenecks in the value chain.

Hygroscopic analysis of individual Beijing haze aerosol particles by environmental scanning electron microscopy

Science.gov (United States)

Bai, Zhangpeng; Ji, Yuan; Pi, Yiqun; Yang, Kaixiang; Wang, Li; Zhang, Yinqi; Zhai, Yadi; Yan, Zhengguang; Han, Xiaodong

2018-01-01

Investigating the hygroscopic behavior of haze aerosol particles is essential for understanding their physicochemical properties and their impacts on regional weather and visibility. An environmental scanning electron microscope equipped with a home-made transmission-scattering electron imaging setup and an energy dispersive spectrometer was used for in-situ observations of pure water-soluble (WS) salts and Beijing haze particles. This imaging setup showed obvious advantages for improving the resolution and acquiring internal information of mixed particles in hydrated environments. We measured the deliquescence relative humidity of pure NaCl, NH4NO3, and (NH4)2SO4 by deliquescence-crystallization processes with an accuracy of up to 0.3% RH. The mixed haze particles showed hygroscopic activation like water uptake and morphological changes when they included WS components such as nitrates, sulfates, halides, ammoniums, and alkali metal salts. In addition, the hygroscopic behavior provides complementary information for analyzing possible phases in mixed haze particles.

Educación ambiental popular para el manejo sustentable de recursos naturales en una localidad rural del subtrópico mexicano / Popular environmental education for natural resources sustainable management at a rural community in the mexican subtropics

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Etztli Morales Reyes

2016-09-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue diseñar, ejecutar y evaluar un programa de educación ambiental popular para el manejo sustentable de recursos naturales, a fin de mejorar relaciones entre la comunidad y su entorno natural, a través de la acción participativa, en una localidad rural campesina ubicada en una zona de ecotono, al suroeste del Estado de México. Este trabajo busco promover una visión crítica, en el conocimiento de los problemas del medio natural y social en su conjunto. En él se establecieron las siguientes etapas metodológicas: 1Investigación, en la que se identificaron las necesidades de aprendizaje, y los problemas de interés de la comunidad; 2Educación, en la que se realizó una propuesta curricular de educación ambiental, por medio de dos programas impartidos en doce talleres; 3Acción, se desarrollaron experiencias de educación ambiental popular, mediante talleres con tres grupos, niños, mujeres y hombres; 4Acción –Reflexión- Acción, se evaluaron los resultados de las experiencias sobre educación ambiental. Como resultado, se pudo apreciar que en la evaluación final de los talleres, los participantes pudieron ser capaces de definir, ejemplificar y plantear alternativas, y de realizar acciones para el manejo sustentable de recursos naturales en su comunidad. Palabras Clave: Educación Ambiental Popular, Manejo Sustentable, Recursos Naturales, Localidad Rural, Subtrópico Mexicano. ABSTRACT ABSTRACT The main objective of this study was to design, implement and evaluate a popular environmental education program for natural sustainable resource management, directed to improve relations between community and their natural environment, through participatory action, at a rural community located in ecotone zone, southwest of the State of Mexico. This work was searching to promote a critical vision,on knowledge of natural and social environmental problems as a whole. The following methodological

Atmosphere and Ambient Space

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Schmidt, Ulrik

Atmosphere and Ambient Space This paper explores the relation between atmosphere and ambient space. Atmosphere and ambient space share many salient properties. They are both ontologically indeterminate, constantly varying and formally diffuse and they are both experienced as a subtle, non......-signifying property of a given space. But from a certain point of view, the two concepts also designate quite dissimilar experiences of space. To be ’ambient’ means to surround. Accordingly, ambient space is that space, which surrounds something or somebody. (Gibson 1987: 65) Since space is essentially...... of a surrounding character, all space can thus be described as having a fundamentally ambient character. So what precisely is an ambient space, then? As I will argue in my presentation, ambient space is a sensory effect of spatiality when a space is experienced as being particularly surrounding: a ‘space effect...

Carbonyl atmospheric reaction products of aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air

Science.gov (United States)

Obermeyer, Genevieve; Aschmann, Sara M.; Atkinson, Roger; Arey, Janet

To convert gaseous carbonyls to oximes during sampling, an XAD-4 resin denuder system pre-coated with O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine and followed by analysis with methane positive chemical ionization gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to measure carbonyls in ambient air samples in Riverside, CA. In conjunction with similar analyses of environmental chamber OH radical-initiated reactions of o- and p-xylene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, ethylbenzene, 4-hydroxy-2-butanone and 1,4-butanediol, we identified benzaldehyde, o-, m- and p-tolualdehyde and acetophenone and the dicarbonyls glyoxal, methylglyoxal, biacetyl, ethylglyoxal, 1,4-butenedial, 3-hexene-2,5-dione, 3-oxo-butanal, 1,4-butanedial and malonaldehyde in the ambient air samples. As discussed, these carbonyls and dicarbonyls can be formed from the OH radical-initiated reactions of aromatic hydrocarbons and other volatile organic compounds emitted into the atmosphere, and we conclude that in situ atmospheric formation is a major source of these carbonyls in our Riverside, CA, ambient air samples.

Qualidade ambiental em solo com diferentes ciclos de cultivo do meloeiro irrigado Environmental quality in soil with different growing season cultivated w ith muskmelon irrigated

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Celsemy Eleutério Maia

2013-04-01

Full Text Available O solo é um importante componente do ecossistema terrestre, porque preserva reservas de nutrientes e dá suporte a processos biológicos. Para a preservação desse recurso, é necessário em primeiro lugar saber as condições e os processos que acontecem no solo, obtidos por meio de índices que determinam a sua qualidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade ambiental em Latossolo Vermelho cultivado com diferentes ciclos da cultura do melão. Foram coletadas amostras de solos de nove áreas com diferentes ciclos de cultivo e comparados com as da mata nativa. Concluiu-se que a qualidade ambiental diminuiu com os ciclos de cultivo, quando comparada com a área de referência de mata nativa.Soil is an important component of terrestrial ecosystems because it preserves nutrient reserves, supports many biological. To preserve this resource and its functions, it is necessary first of all to know the conditions and the processes occurring in it, for example, through the determination of soil quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the environmental quality in Oxisol cultivated with different growing season of muskmelon. Were collected soil samples from nine areas with different growing season and compared with the native forest. It was concluded that environmental quality decreased with crop cycles when compared with the reference area of native forest.

O currículo de uma escola de formação pedagógica e a dimensão ambiental: dilemas entre teoria e práxis The curriculum of a pedagogical formation school and the environmental dimension: a dilemma between theory and praxis

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Luciene Gonçalves Rosa

2008-01-01

Full Text Available O artigo trata da análise do currículo de uma Escola de formação Inicial, de nível médio, com relação à dimensão ambiental, considerando a necessidade de inserir a discussão das questões ambientais na formação de educadores como prescrito na Política Nacional de Educação Ambiental, que tem como prioridade gerar reflexão e contribuir para uma melhor compreensão do Ambiente e de suas inter-relações e interdependência. Para esse estudo, foi utilizado a técnica da análise de conteúdos, dentre outras. Os resultados refletem a necessidade de se trabalhar a temática ambiental, com enfoque interdisciplinar e transdisciplinar e de Formação continuada para os profissionais da educação.The article treats of the analysis of the curriculum of a School of Initial formation, of medium level, regarding the environmental dimension, considering the need to insert the discussion of the environmental subjects in the educators' formation as having prescribed in the National Politics of Environmental Education, that has as priority to generate reflection and to contribute for a best understanding understanding of the environment and of your interrelations and interdependence.. For that study, the technique of the analysis of contents was used, among others. The results reflect the need to work the environmental theme, with focus interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary and of continuous Formation for the professionals of the education.

Licenciamento ambiental e sustentabilidade

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Marcelo Macedo Valinhas

2011-12-01

Full Text Available A sustentabilidade está apoiada principalmente nas dimensões econômica, ambiental e social. No entanto, sem a dimensão política ela não se constrói. Um dos principais instrumentos de comando e controle da política nacional de meio ambiente, o licenciamento ambiental é um processo contínuo de gestão ambiental pública e privada. Analisou-se o processo de licenciamento ambiental como acoplamento estrutural entre os sistemas social, econômico e ambiental. Apesar da constatação de críticas aos mecanismos de comando e controle dos últimos anos, foi verificado que o Estado do Rio de Janeiro tem buscado integrar a política ambiental do Estado à gestão ambiental privada e que esta integração busca atender às demandas dos sistemas sociais e econômicos para as questões ambientais. Em linhas gerais, este caminho segue as estratégias e ações propostas na Agenda 21 brasileira.

Ambient template synthesis of multiferroic MnWO4 nanowires and nanowire arrays

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhou Hongjun; Yiu Yuen; Aronson, M.C.; Wong, Stanislaus S.

2008-01-01

The current report describes the systematic synthesis of polycrystalline, multiferroic MnWO 4 nanowires and nanowire arrays with controllable chemical composition and morphology, using a modified template-directed methodology under ambient room-temperature conditions. We were able to synthesize nanowires measuring 55±10, 100±20, and 260±40 nm in diameter, respectively, with lengths ranging in the microns. Extensive characterization of as-prepared samples has been performed using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Magnetic behavior in these systems was also probed. - Graphical abstract: Systematic synthesis of crystalline, multiferroic MnWO4 nanowires and nanowire arrays with controllable chemical composition and morphology, using a modified template-directed methodology under ambient room-temperature conditions

Saúde Ambiental: uma Análise dos Resultados das Conferências Nacionais de Meio Ambiente, Saúde e Saúde Ambiental

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Maria Beatriz Maury de Carvalho

2010-08-01

Full Text Available A representação nas políticas públicas do conceito de saúde ambiental, como expressão do equilíbrio da rede de conexões entre a sociedade humana e a natureza é discutida neste trabalho, no intuito de demonstrar o status quo da saúde ambiental nas políticas públicas no país. Primeiro foi traçado o histórico da “ambientalização na saúde”, do conceito de saúde ambiental e da institucionalização das políticas ambientais e de saúde ambiental no âmbito dos Ministérios do Meio Ambiente e da Saúde. As interações entre as políticas de Saúde e de Meio Ambiente para a efetivação de uma Política Nacional de Saúde Ambiental e as intersecções dos resultados das Conferências Nacionais de Saúde, Meio Ambiente e Saúde Ambiental foram analisadas; concluindo- se com os avanços conseguidos pelos dois setores, os desafios para a articulação intersetorial e a participação social para a construção de políticas públicas de saúde ambiental.

Reducing flicker due to ambient illumination in camera captured images

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, Minwoong; Bengtson, Kurt; Li, Lisa; Allebach, Jan P.

2013-02-01

The flicker artifact dealt with in this paper is the scanning distortion arising when an image is captured by a digital camera using a CMOS imaging sensor with an electronic rolling shutter under strong ambient light sources powered by AC. This type of camera scans a target line-by-line in a frame. Therefore, time differences exist between the lines. This mechanism causes a captured image to be corrupted by the change of illumination. This phenomenon is called the flicker artifact. The non-content area of the captured image is used to estimate a flicker signal that is a key to being able to compensate the flicker artifact. The average signal of the non-content area taken along the scan direction has local extrema where the peaks of flicker exist. The locations of the extrema are very useful information to estimate the desired distribution of pixel intensities assuming that the flicker artifact does not exist. The flicker-reduced images compensated by our approach clearly demonstrate the reduced flicker artifact, based on visual observation.

National subprogram 'Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia Radiologica Ambiental y de los Alimentos en la Republica de Cuba'

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fernandez Gomez, Isis Maria

2008-01-01

The purpose of this work is to inform and raise awareness about the Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia Radiologica Ambiental y de los Alimentos in the Republica de Cuba. The radiological environmental monitoring is defined as the assessment of current or potential exposure of the population to radiation and radioactive materials released into the environment. It determines when is required the radiological environmental monitoring, what is a radiological environmental monitoring program, which are the points to consider during the design of this kind of program and what are their objectives. In addition, the program on the Republica de Cuba is focused, referring to the components of a radiological environmental monitoring program; equipment for the detection of radiations; the procedures for collecting environmental samples and laboratory analysis capabilities. It also noted the techniques of radiological environmental monitoring and is described extensively the Red Nacional de Vigilancia Ambiental of the Republica de Cuba. Likewise, it is included the table on radiological monitoring of food and water. Other radiological monitoring programs in Cuba are commented as the radiological control of industrial scrap [es

Horizon scanning for environmental foresight: a review of issues and approaches

Science.gov (United States)

David N. Bengston

2013-01-01

Natural resource management organizations carry out a range of activities to examine possible future conditions and trends as part of their planning process, but the distinct approach of formal horizon scanning is often a missing component of strategic thinking and strategy development in these organizations. Horizon scanning is a process for finding and interpreting...

Site environmental report for 1992

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gordon, K.W.; Holland, R.C.

1993-01-01

Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) is committed to conducting its operations in an environmentally safe and sound manner. It is mandatory that activities at SNL/California comply with all applicable environmental statutes, regulations, and standards. Moreover, SNL/California continuously strives to reduce risks to employees, the public, and the environment to the lowest levels reasonably possible. To help verify effective protection of public safety and preservation of the environment, SNL/California maintains an extensive, ongoing environmental monitoring program. This program, conducted in conjunction with Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, monitors all significant airborne and liquid effluents and the general environment in the area. This monitoring effort ensures that emission controls are effective in preventing contamination of the environment. As part of the Environmental Monitoring Program, an ambient environmental surveillance system measures the possible presence of radioactive and hazardous materials in ambient air, surface water, groundwater, sewage, soil, vegetation, and locally-produced food stuffs. The program also includes an extensive environmental dosimetry program, which measures external radiation levels around the Livermore site and nearby vicinity. This executive summary focuses on impacts to the environment and estimated radiation doses to the public from site emissions

Site environmental report for 1992

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gordon, K.W. [ed.; Brekke, D.D. [Sandia National Labs., Livermore, CA (United States); Holland, R.C. [Science Applications International Corp., San Diego, CA (United States)

1993-12-31

Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) is committed to conducting its operations in an environmentally safe and sound manner. It is mandatory that activities at SNL/California comply with all applicable environmental statutes, regulations, and standards. Moreover, SNL/California continuously strives to reduce risks to employees, the public, and the environment to the lowest levels reasonably possible. To help verify effective protection of public safety and preservation of the environment, SNL/California maintains an extensive, ongoing environmental monitoring program. This program, conducted in conjunction with Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, monitors all significant airborne and liquid effluents and the general environment in the area. This monitoring effort ensures that emission controls are effective in preventing contamination of the environment. As part of the Environmental Monitoring Program, an ambient environmental surveillance system measures the possible presence of radioactive and hazardous materials in ambient air, surface water, groundwater, sewage, soil, vegetation, and locally-produced food stuffs. The program also includes an extensive environmental dosimetry program, which measures external radiation levels around the Livermore site and nearby vicinity. This executive summary focuses on impacts to the environment and estimated radiation doses to the public from site emissions.

Biological applications of near-field scanning optical microscopy

Science.gov (United States)

Moers, Marco H. P.; Ruiter, A. G. T.; Jalocha, Alain; van Hulst, Niko F.; Kalle, W. H. J.; Wiegant, J. C. A. G.; Raap, A. K.

1995-09-01

Near-field Scanning Optical Microscopy (NSOM) is a true optical microscopic technique allowing fluorescence, absorption, reflection and polarization contrast with the additional advantage of nanometer lateral resolution, unlimited by diffraction and operation at ambient conditions. NSOM based on metal coated adiabatically tapered fibers, combined with shear force feedback and operated in illumination mode, has proven to be the most powerful NSOM arrangement, because of its true localization of the optical interaction, its various optical contrast possibilities and its sensitivity down to the single molecular level. In this paper applications of `aperture' NSOM to Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization of human metaphase chromosomes are presented, where the localized fluorescence allows to identify specific DNA sequences. All images are accompanied by the simultaneously acquired force image, enabling direct comparison of the optical contrast with the sample topography on nanometer scale, far beyond the diffraction limit. Thus the unique combination of high resolution, specific optical contrast and ambient operation offers many new direction possibilities in biological studies.

Physical factors in cataractogenesis: ambient ultraviolet radiation and temperature

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sliney, D.H.

1986-01-01

A number of environmental cofactors have been implicated in cataracto-genesis. Two have received the greatest attention: ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and ambient temperature. Unfortunately, both temperature and UVR levels vary similarly with geographical latitude. Careful attention to several more refined physical variables and the geometry of exposure may permit investigators to separate the contributory effects of these two physical agents. This paper briefly reviews the available data, estimates the variation of lenticular temperature with ambient temperature, and provides measurements of short-wavelength (UV-B) UVR exposure to the human eye with different meterological conditions. The study attempts to provide epidemiological investigators with more detailed information necessary to perform more accurate studies of cataract and other ocular pathologies that appear to be related to environmental factors. Ocular UV-B radiation exposure levels were measured at nine locations in the USA near 40 degrees latitude at elevations from sea level to 8000 ft. Terrain reflectance is shown to be much more important than terrain elevation; cloud cover and haze may actually increase ocular exposure; and the value of wearing brimmed hats and spectacles varies with the environment. Several avenues for future research are suggested

Semiótica ambiental, y gestión comunitaria

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Bodil Andrade Frich

2006-06-01

Full Text Available El trabajo presenta los aspectos teóricos y metodológicos de un novedoso campo de investigación socioambiental: la semiótica ambiental. Para ello se recurre a un estudio de campo realizado en la comunidad de San pedro Cholula, Puebla, México. El trabajo revela diversos campos lingüísticos de tensión social y ambiental a los que se enfrenta esta comunidad semi urbana del Centro de México. Estos campos de tensión son propuestos a su vez como ejes de reflexión educativa para la animación de procesos autogestivos comunitarios.This paper describes the theoretical and methodological aspects of a newly developed socioenvironmental research field: environmental semiotics. It is based on a field research conducted in a community from central México, San Pedro Cholula, Puebla. The results demonstrate how this Mexican semi-urban community faces the diverse social and environmental tensions between different linguistic fields. These tension fields are as well proposed as axis for educative reflection to foster and promote community based on self-management processes.

Enhancing dynamic scanning force microscopy in air: as close as possible

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Palacios-Lidon, E; Perez-Garcia, B; Colchero, J

2009-01-01

Frequency modulation dynamic scanning force microscopy has been implemented in ambient conditions using low oscillation amplitudes (<1 nm) to simultaneously record not only topographic but also additional channels of information, in particular contact potential images. The performance of this mode as compared to the conventional amplitude modulation mode is analyzed in detail using a biological molecule, turning yellow mosaic virus RNA, as the model sample. On the basis of scanning force microscopy imaging as well as spectroscopy experiments, we find that for such very small samples the frequency modulation mode is superior since it can be operated with smaller tip-sample interaction, smaller effective tip-sample distance and lower forces. Combined with Kelvin probe microscopy it results not only in considerably higher electrostatic resolution, but also in correct quantitative values for the contact potential as compared to traditional amplitude modulation scanning force microscopy.

Indicadores sintéticos de calidad ambiental: un modelo general para grandes zonas urbanas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis Escobar

2006-08-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se define el índice de calidad ambiental (ICA como una variable latente determinada por un conjunto de factores que lo afectan de manera positiva y negativa. Partimos de la hipótesis de la no homogeneidad ambiental del territorio urbano, y nos proponemos definir un modelo general para la estimación del ICA a partir de la construcción de un sistema de indicadores simples y su aplicación en grandes ciudades. De este artículo se deriva información importante para que el planificador y el gestor puedan priorizar la asignación de recursos económicos, no sólo de manera diferencial entre comunas, sino por el tipo de recursos o variables ambientales que más inciden en la calidad ambientalThis paper defines the index of environmental quality (ICA as a latent variable determined by a group of factor that affects it in a positive and negative manner. Setting off from the hypothesis of non environmental homogenous pertaining to urban territory, and following the construction of a system of simple indicators and its application in larges city. The most influential factors in the determination of the ICA by each comuna are established as well. Consequently, important information is derived, which will enable the planner and environmental agent to prioritize the assignation of economic resources, not only in a differential way among comunas but for the sort of resources or environmental variables that most affect the quality of environment

Indicadores de sustentabilidade ambiental e de saúde na Amazônia Legal, Brasil Environmental sustainability and health indicators in the Legal Amazonia, Brazil

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Carlos Machado de Freitas

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Entre os desafios atuais para a Saúde Pública está o de estruturar sistemas de indicadores que permitam monitorar as condições e tendências da sustentabilidade ambiental e de saúde. Neste artigo procuramos enfrentar esse desafio tendo como foco de análise os estados integrantes da Macrorregião Amazônia Legal, que desde a segunda metade do século XX vem sofrendo intensos processos de mudanças sócio-econômicas, ambientais, de saúde e bem-estar. Para a reunião e análise do conjunto de indicadores adotamos o modelo Forças Motrizes, Pressão, Situação, Exposição, Efeito e Ação (FMPSEEA proposto pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. Os resultados demonstram que, ao mesmo tempo em que as forças motrizes e pressões vêm contribuindo para o crescimento econômico e populacional, resultando em melhoras de indicadores tradicionais de saúde (redução da mortalidade infantil e aumento da expectativa de vida, são grandes as desigualdades sociais e econômicas e a sobreposição dos impactos na saúde da população, em um quadro bastante heterogêneo. Além disso, a situação ambiental também aponta para um modelo de desenvolvimento insustentável para as gerações presentes e futuras, exigindo respostas dos setores ambientais e de saúde à altura dos desafios colocados na atualidade.One of the challenges for public health is to build systems of indicators that allow monitoring current conditions and trends in environmental and health sustainability. This article focuses on the Legal Amazonia macro-region, which has undergone profound socioeconomic, environmental, and health changes since the mid-20th century. The conceptual framework adopted here was the model entitled Driving Forces, Pressures, State, Exposure, Effects, and Action (DPSEEA proposed by the World Health Organization and adopted for environmental health surveillance by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. The results show that numerous motor forces and pressures

Evaluación económica y toma de decisiones en salud ambiental Avaliação econômica e tomada de decisão em saúde ambiental Economic evaluation and decision-making in environmental health

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Cristina Gutiérrez Zúñiga

1994-04-01

Full Text Available Ante el creciente deterioro ambiental y sus posibles consecuencias en la salud de la población resulta una prioridad indiscutible el diseño e instrumentación de políticas que controlen las actividades económicas bajo el criterio de protección a la salud humana y al ambiente mismo. Es preciso que dichas políticas consideren la factibilidad económica de las alternativas de protección existentes. Sin embargo, por la cantidad de intereses dentro del área ambiental, otros factores como el social y el político deben también ser considerados. La evaluación económica ha sido vista como un promisorio fundamento para la toma de decisiones en esta materia. Los autores analizan la capacidad de esta herramienta para organizar en forma sistemática y comparable los costos y los beneficios de alternativas para la solución de problemas ambientales. Se resumen las principales características de los estudios de costo-beneficio y costo-efectividad, las formas de evaluación económica del ambiente, y las particularidades de esta área para la aplicación de dichas técnicas de análisis. Se señalan los límites encontrados en estas herramientas para cuantificar los costos no monetarios de los riesgos ambientales y de los consecuentes daños a la salud, tales como el dolor, el sufrimiento ó la incapacidad de personas económicamente inactivas, constituyendo estos aspectos el reto metodológico de la evaluación económica en el área. Se reflexiona sobre la importancia de ampliar los insumos informativos para la toma de decisiones en materia de salud ambiental en aspectos como la distribución de los costos y los beneficios entre los distintos grupos sociales. Por último se señala tanto la creciente politización del tema ambiental, como la posibilidad técnica de manipulación de estas herramientas de análisis. Partiendo de estos elementos se señala la necesidad, por parte de los evaluadores, de ser conscientes sobre las implicaciones pol

Trajetórias e perspectivas da interdisciplinaridade ambiental na pós-graduação brasileira Trajectories and perspectives of environmental interdisciplinarity in brazilian graduate programs

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Paulo Ernesto Diaz Rocha

2003-12-01

Full Text Available O texto resume as principais questões e conclusões alcançadas na minha tese de doutoramento junto ao Curso de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento, Agricultura e Sociedade - CPDA da UFRRJ. A discussão em torno da interdisciplinaridade ambiental vem crescendo nos últimos anos, tendo sido os anos 1970 e 1980 férteis o suficiente para possibilitar, nos 1990, a construção de uma Educação Ambiental ao nível da especialização profissional. A inserção da temática ambiental no meio acadêmico se fez gradativamente e, embora com muitos obstáculos, tem demonstrado um viés inovador e desafiante de administradores, docentes e discentes tendo em vista a estrutura fragmentada das universidades tradicionais. O exame do estado da arte das Ciências Ambientais possibilitou discernir, para além da compartimentalização e da departamentalização, as principais queixas, dúvidas, caminhos, soluções e espaços que conduziram à elaboração de um campo integrador do fazer científico, reunindo ensino, pesquisa e extensão. O processo de institucionalização exemplificado nos quatro programas brasileiros de pós-graduação estudados permite revelar o quanto se tem progredido no diálogo entre autores/atores das mais diversas origens acadêmicas, promovendo uma interfecundação de grande interesse profissional para os participantes e para o desenvolvimento de uma sociedade sustentável, confirmando até certo ponto a construção de um paradigma para além do reducionismo epistemológico.This article addresses questions that emerged in my research about the matter of cross-disciplinary sciences on environmental issues. This discussion about environmental interdisciplinarity has been growing over the past years. In the 1970s and the 1980s it became so strong that, in the 1990s, Environmental Education developed into a professional specialization in Brazil. The introduction of environmental subjects in the academic milieu of graduate studies in

Medición de la conciencia ambiental: Una revisión crítica de la obra de Riley E. Dunlap The measurement of the environmental concern: A critical review of Riley E. Dunlap's work

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Jose Antonio Cerrillo Vidal

2010-03-01

Full Text Available Después de un comienzo prometedor en la década de 1970, la sociología ambiental se enfrenta a una serie de problemas, derivados principalmente de su incapacidad de vincular comportamientos ambientalistas con los valores declarados en las encuestas (el gap medioambiental. Este estancamiento se debe a la escasa reflexividad teórica y metodológica de la disciplina. Aplicando el método arqueológico, este artículo analiza la obra de la principal figura de la sociología ambiental, Riley E. Dunlap, representativa de la crisis de la especialidad. El individualismo metodológico, la preferencia por el uso de encuestas a población general, la falta de un marco teórico fuerte y de atención a factores estructurales e históricos, característicos del trabajo de Dunlap y sus seguidores, parecen ser las principales causas del bloqueo de la sociología ambiental, dada su enorme influencia en la disciplina. After a promising beginning in the 1970s, environmental sociology faces a series of problems, derived mainly from its inability to link people's environmental behavior with the values they express in surveys (the environmental gap. This stagnation is due to inadequate theoretical and methodological reflection in the discipline. Applying the archaeological method, this article analyzes the work of the environmental sociologist Riley E. Dunlap, a prominent figure and a representative of the crisis of the discipline. Methodological individualism, the preference for the use of surveys of the general population, the lack of a strong theoretical frame, or of attention to structural and historical factors - all these are faults in the work of Dunlap and his followers. It is these faults that are arguably the main causes of the impasse in which environmental sociology now finds itself.

LA FORMACIÓN DE COMPETENCIAS CIENTÍFICO INVESTIGATIVAS PARA LA SOSTENIBILIDAD AMBIENTAL EN EL INGENIERO AGROPECUARIO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fátima Solanda García Véliz

2015-01-01

Full Text Available El Ingeniero agropecuario en actuar profesional tiene gran incidencia en el desarrollo de las fuerzas productivas del país a la vez que se considera un actor indispensable para el manejo y cuidado del ambiente, con una alta contribución al logro de la sostenibilidad ambiental, esto hace que en su formación se desarrollen competencias que le permutan develar las problemáticas de la profesión y actuar en consecuencia. Aún en la sociedad se aprecia el elevado costo del desarrollo, la insuficiente valoración del impacto social en el dicho proceso, la incipiente cultura ambiental en cuanto a gestión participativa que encuentra su expresión en la insuficiente sensibilización humana sobre los problemas del ambiente y la escasa utilización de las elevadas potencialidades humanas para resarcir los efectos negativos sobre el ambiente. Por el desarrollo tecnológico alcanzado, las competencias científico investigativas son una de las de mayor incidencia para lograr la sostenibilidad ambiental. En consecuencia el cómo formar estas competencias en el Ingeniero agropecuario se convierte en una problemática a resolver. El trabajo aborda los elementos esenciales que fundamentan esta problemática y una propuesta para que este ingeniero adquiera estas competencias con responsabilidad.PALABRAS CLAVES: formación de competencias; competencias investigativas; agropecuaria; sostenibilidad.THE FORMATION OF SCIENTIFIC-INVESTIGATIVE COMPETITIONS FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY IN THE AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERABSTRACTThe agricultural engineer professional performance has great influence on the development of the productive forces of the country at a time which is considered essential for the management and care of the environment, with a high contribution to achieving environmental sustainability actor, this means that in skills training that will reveal the problematic swapped the profession and act accordingly develop. Even in society the high cost of

Actions for the environmental adequateness and emissions control at the Martin del Corral power plant-Termozipa; Obras de adecuacion ambiental y control de emisiones para la central termoelectrica Martin del Corral - Termozipa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Arevalo Osorio, Luis [Empresa de Energia de Bogota, Bogota (Colombia)

1997-12-31

In this paper the general data on the Martin del Corral-Termozipa, of Colombia, fossil fueled power plant are exposed. The results of a study to determine the environmental impact originated in the influence zone of this Power Plant are presented, particularly on the Bogota River. The study was framed into the environmental policy driven by the Colombian sector. Different solutions addressed to the optimization of the handling, capacity and control of the emissions and counteract the pollution possibilities of the Bogota River are described [Espanol] En esta ponencia se exponen datos generales de la central termoelectrica Martin del Corral - Termozipa-, de Colombia. Se presentan los resultados de un estudio para determinar el impacto ambiental ocasionado en la zona de influencia de esta central, y en particular sobre el rio Bogota. El estudio se enmarco dentro de la politica ambiental impulsada por el sector colombiano. Se describen diversas soluciones encaminadas a optimizar el manejo, capacidad y control de las emisiones y contrarrestar las posibilidades de contaminacion del rio Bogota

Actions for the environmental adequateness and emissions control at the Martin del Corral power plant-Termozipa; Obras de adecuacion ambiental y control de emisiones para la central termoelectrica Martin del Corral - Termozipa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Arevalo Osorio, Luis [Empresa de Energia de Bogota, Bogota (Colombia)

1996-12-31

In this paper the general data on the Martin del Corral-Termozipa, of Colombia, fossil fueled power plant are exposed. The results of a study to determine the environmental impact originated in the influence zone of this Power Plant are presented, particularly on the Bogota River. The study was framed into the environmental policy driven by the Colombian sector. Different solutions addressed to the optimization of the handling, capacity and control of the emissions and counteract the pollution possibilities of the Bogota River are described [Espanol] En esta ponencia se exponen datos generales de la central termoelectrica Martin del Corral - Termozipa-, de Colombia. Se presentan los resultados de un estudio para determinar el impacto ambiental ocasionado en la zona de influencia de esta central, y en particular sobre el rio Bogota. El estudio se enmarco dentro de la politica ambiental impulsada por el sector colombiano. Se describen diversas soluciones encaminadas a optimizar el manejo, capacidad y control de las emisiones y contrarrestar las posibilidades de contaminacion del rio Bogota

Det ambiente

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Schmidt, Ulrik

Om begrebet "det ambiente", der beskriver, hvad der sker, når vi fornemmer baggrundsmusikkens diskrete beats, betragter udsigten gennem panoramavinduet eller tager 3D-brillerne på og læner os tilbage i biografsædet. Bogen analyserer, hvorfan ambiente oplevelser skabes, og hvilke konsekvenser det...

Ambient Sensors

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Börner, Dirk; Specht, Marcus

2014-01-01

This software sketches comprise two custom-built ambient sensors, i.e. a noise and a movement sensor. Both sensors measure an ambient value and process the values to a color gradient (green > yellow > red). The sensors were built using the Processing 1.5.1 development environment. Available under

Pedagogía ambiental y didáctica ambiental como fundamentos del currículo para la formación ambiental

OpenAIRE

Julio César Tovar-Gálvez

2013-01-01

Se trata el problema de la fundamentación del currículo para la formación ambiental en la educación superior, frente a lo cual es necesario construir los conceptos de pedagogía ambiental y de didáctica ambiental. El marco teórico permite definir las categorías "lo pedagógico" y "lo didáctico", a partir de lo cual se analiza la literatura y con ello definir pedagogía ambiental y didáctica ambiental. El estado del arte permite establecer que existen dos sustentos teóricos: a) uno que se cimenta...

Evaluación de la vulnerabilidad socio-ambiental del periurbano de Mar del Plata

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Daiana Daga

2015-12-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN El periurbano de Mar del Plata conforma un espacio dinámico y heterogéneo, susceptible a distintas intervenciones que pueden generar impactos ambientales con consecuencias negativas sobre la población expuesta. El presente trabajo evalúa la vulnerabilidad socio-ambiental del periurbano marplatense en 2010, distinguiendo sectores críticos y principales aspectos que determinan las condiciones extremas. Para ello se construyó un Índice de Vulnerabilidad Socio-Ambiental (IVSA y se examinó su distribución espacial.La vulnerabilidad socio-ambiental hace referencia a las condiciones de la población y su entorno inmediato para enfrentar efectos adversos. Las situaciones más críticas (IVSA= 0,46–0,58 pertenecen a los sectores del periurbano definidos por los ejes que conforman las Rutas Nº 226 y Nº 88. Las dimensiones sanitaria, educativa y ambiental determinan en mayor medida la distribución del IVSA. El procedimiento metodológico empleado permitió identificar áreas críticas, siendo transferible a otras situaciones con problemáticas semejantes. ABSTRACT Mar del Plata peri-urban conforms a heterogeneous and dynamic space, susceptible to many interventions that generate significant impacts with negative consequences on the exposed population. This paper evaluates the socio-environmental vulnerability of the Mar del Plata peri-urban in 2010, distinguishing critical sectors and principle aspects that determine the extreme conditions. To this end, it was built a Socio-Environmental Vulnerability Index (SEVI and its spatial distribution was examined. The socio-environmental vulnerability refers to the conditions of the population and their environment to deal with adverse effects. The most critical situations (SEVI= 0.46-0.58 belongs to the peri-urban sectors that were defined by the 226 and 88 roads. The health, education and environmental dimensions determine the SEVI distribution. The methodological procedure employed allowed

40 CFR Appendix P to Part 50 - Interpretation of the Primary and Secondary National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Ozone

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... the data handling procedures for the reported data). 2.3Comparisons with the Primary and Secondary... Secondary National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Ozone P Appendix P to Part 50 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS NATIONAL PRIMARY AND SECONDARY AMBIENT AIR QUALITY...

Atmospheric scanning electron microscope for correlative microscopy.

Science.gov (United States)

Morrison, Ian E G; Dennison, Clare L; Nishiyama, Hidetoshi; Suga, Mitsuo; Sato, Chikara; Yarwood, Andrew; O'Toole, Peter J

2012-01-01

The JEOL ClairScope is the first truly correlative scanning electron and optical microscope. An inverted scanning electron microscope (SEM) column allows electron images of wet samples to be obtained in ambient conditions in a biological culture dish, via a silicon nitride film window in the base. A standard inverted optical microscope positioned above the dish holder can be used to take reflected light and epifluorescence images of the same sample, under atmospheric conditions that permit biochemical modifications. For SEM, the open dish allows successive staining operations to be performed without moving the holder. The standard optical color camera used for fluorescence imaging can be exchanged for a high-sensitivity monochrome camera to detect low-intensity fluorescence signals, and also cathodoluminescence emission from nanophosphor particles. If these particles are applied to the sample at a suitable density, they can greatly assist the task of perfecting the correlation between the optical and electron images. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Evolução da gestão ambiental na empresa: uma taxonomia integrada à gestão da produção e de recursos humanos Evolution of environmental management in company: a taxonomy integrated with production and human resource management

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Charbel José Chiappetta Jabbour

2006-12-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo desenvolve uma denominação comum para as várias propostas de estágios evolutivos da gestão ambiental na empresa encontradas na literatura, de forma a associar os estágios dessa nova taxonomia às evoluções da estrutura organizacional e das áreas de gestão da produção e de recursos humanos, que são indispensáveis para a integração da dimensão ecológica no âmbito organizacional. Para tanto, as principais contribuições encontradas na bibliografia em gestão ambiental na organização foram analisadas e sistematizadas a partir de suas similaridades. Dessa perspectiva multicomparada, propõe-se uma denominação comum para a análise da gestão ambiental, composta por três estágios: especialização funcional, integração interna e integração externa da variável ecológica na organização. Este trabalho sistematiza as contribuições das diversas taxonomias da gestão ambiental existentes e as reflete de maneira integrada à estrutura organizacional e à gestão da produção e de recursos humanos, contribuindo, assim, com a literatura ainda escassa acerca da abordagem correlacionada dessas temáticas. Conceber a gestão ambiental na empresa por níveis de maturidade e correlacionada a outras evoluções organizacionais contribui, de forma estruturada, para que empresários e pesquisadores reflitam acerca da situação organizacional atual e planejem atividades futuras em matéria ambiental.This article proposes a common approach for various taxonomies concerning the evolution stages of environmental management in organizations presented in the specialized literature. The analysis of the contributions related to the understanding of environmental management in companies found in the literature was based on their similarities. The aim of this analysis was to outline a proposal of a common approach concerning the evolution stages for environmental management. This taxonomy was then related to the evolution

Types for BioAmbients

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Sara Capecchi

2010-02-01

Full Text Available The BioAmbients calculus is a process algebra suitable for representing compartmentalization, molecular localization and movements between compartments. In this paper we enrich this calculus with a static type system classifying each ambient with group types specifying the kind of compartments in which the ambient can stay. The type system ensures that, in a well-typed process, ambients cannot be nested in a way that violates the type hierarchy. Exploiting the information given by the group types, we also extend the operational semantics of BioAmbients with rules signalling errors that may derive from undesired ambients' moves (i.e. merging incompatible tissues. Thus, the signal of errors can help the modeller to detect and locate unwanted situations that may arise in a biological system, and give practical hints on how to avoid the undesired behaviour.

ANALYSIS OF RESPIRATORY DESPOSITION DOSE OF INHALED AMBIENT AEROSOLS FOR DIFFERENT SIZE FRACTIONS

Science.gov (United States)

ANALYSIS OF RESPIRATORY DEPOSITION DOSE OF INHALED AMBIENT AEROSOLS FOR DIFFERENT SIZE FRACTIONS. Chong S. Kim, SC. Hu**, PA Jaques*, US EPA, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711; **IIT Research Institute, Chicago, IL; *S...

A design of ambient dose equivalent dosimeter and its dosimetric performance

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhao Shian; Ou Xiangming; Li Kaibao

1997-01-01

Objective: To design an ambient dose equivalent dosimeter with digital display for radiation protection, which is based on the definition of the new operational radiation quantity for environmental monitoring-ambient dose equivalent recommended by the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) Report 39. Methods: Considering the energy response of the instrument, the inner wall of ionizing chamber is coated with gum graphite added with a bit of metal powder. Results: Using this chamber, measurement of H * (10) for photon radiation with unknown spectrum distribution is possible in the energy range from 47 keV to 230 keV with an uncertainty of better than 5%. The configuration, technology and dosimetric performance of the chamber and automatic functions of the reader are presented. Conclusion: The ambient dose equivalent dosimeter can be used as not only a working reference dosimeter, but also a field dosimeter for radiation protection because the readings are expressed directly in ambient dose equivalent and averaged automatically in the period of measurement. Also, its power is supplied by battery for the portable purpose and the readings are displayed on the screen with light-background for dim field

O modelo ISA/JP - indicador de performance para diagnóstico do saneamento ambiental urbano ISA/JP model - indicator of performance for the diagnosis of urban environmental health

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Marie Eugénie Malzac Batista

2006-03-01

Full Text Available Neste artigo apresenta-se o modelo ISA/JP - Indicador de Salubridade Ambiental, para análise intra-urbana por setor censitário e bairro como uma contribuição para a gestão urbana com enfoque para a área de saneamento ambiental. Trata-se de uma adaptação do ISA desenvolvido pelo Conselho Estadual de Saneamento do Estado de São Paulo, em 1999. Foi incorporado ao modelo ISA mais um sub-indicador, o de drenagem urbana. A utilização do modelo ISA/JP em um Sistema de Informação Geográfica - SIG permitiu que fosse explorada a potencialidade da espacialização dos resultados. Possibilitou ainda a representação e modelagem do conhecimento, constituindo um Sistema de Apoio a Decisão Espacial - SADE. É apresentado um estudo de caso nos bairros costeiros da cidade de João Pessoa, Brasil. Foi demonstrada a viabilidade do modelo proposto bem como o avanço na descrição da salubridade ambiental, mostrando a variabilidade das informações relevantes no espaço urbano.This work deals with the ISA/JP model - Indicator of Environmental Health for intra-urban analysis, according to the census sector and suburb, as a contribution to the urban management, with a focus on the area of environmental sanitation. It is an adaptation of ISA developed by São Paulo's State Council of Sanitation, in 1999. One more sub-indicator, that of urban drainage, was incorporated to the ISA model. The use of ISA/JP in a System of Geographic Information - SIG - permitted the exploration of the potentiality of distributing the results in the urban area. It also made possible the representation and modeling of knowledge, thus making up a System of Support to Space Decision - SSSD. A case study in the coastal suburbs of João Pessoa City, Brazil, was presented. The viability of the proposed model as well as the advance in the description of environmental health were demonstrated, thus showing the variability of relevant information in the urban space.

Acidentes em postos e sistemas retalhistas de combustíveis: subsídios para a vigilância em saúde ambiental Environmental accidents in gas stations and retailling systems

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Jorge Luiz Nobre Gouveia

2007-09-01

Full Text Available Os acidentes em postos e sistemas retalhistas resultam de forma imediata em danos graves à vida de pessoas, na contaminação do solo e da água. O objetivo deste trabalho foi discutir a importância da atuação conjunta dos órgãos ambientais e de saúde e subsidiar a estruturação do Sistema Nacional de Vigilância em Saúde Ambiental. A metodologia consistiu no estudo da literatura nacional e internacional; levantamento dos dados existentes em oito órgãos ambientais estaduais brasileiros sobre atendimentos emergenciais e análise de um caso ocorrido no município de Guarulhos, Estado de São Paulo, em janeiro de 2005. Os resultados revelaram que esses acidentes são importante causa de acidentes ambientais e há grande diferença na atuação dos diversos órgãos ambientais. Também demonstra que a estruturação da vigilância em saúde ambiental deve abordar a interface com outras instituições públicas envolvidas.The accidents in gas stations and retailing systems result in grave damages to the life of people and contamination of the soil and water. The objective is to discuss the importance of the joint action of environmental and health organs and to subsidize the structuring of the National System of Surveillance in Environmental Health. The methodology consisted of the studying of the national and international literature; to compile the existent data on eight environmental organs about accidents, and analysis of one case occurred in Guarulhos, State of São Paulo, in January, 2005. The results revealed that these accidents are an important cause of environmental accidents and that there is a great difference in the actions of the diverse environmental organs and demonstrates that the structure of surveillance in environmental health should consider the interface with other public institutions.

Uncertainty associated with the gravimetric measurement of particulate matter concentration in ambient air.

Science.gov (United States)

Lacey, Ronald E; Faulkner, William Brock

2015-07-01

This work applied a propagation of uncertainty method to typical total suspended particulate (TSP) sampling apparatus in order to estimate the overall measurement uncertainty. The objectives of this study were to estimate the uncertainty for three TSP samplers, develop an uncertainty budget, and determine the sensitivity of the total uncertainty to environmental parameters. The samplers evaluated were the TAMU High Volume TSP Sampler at a nominal volumetric flow rate of 1.42 m3 min(-1) (50 CFM), the TAMU Low Volume TSP Sampler at a nominal volumetric flow rate of 17 L min(-1) (0.6 CFM) and the EPA TSP Sampler at the nominal volumetric flow rates of 1.1 and 1.7 m3 min(-1) (39 and 60 CFM). Under nominal operating conditions the overall measurement uncertainty was found to vary from 6.1x10(-6) g m(-3) to 18.0x10(-6) g m(-3), which represented an uncertainty of 1.7% to 5.2% of the measurement. Analysis of the uncertainty budget determined that three of the instrument parameters contributed significantly to the overall uncertainty: the uncertainty in the pressure drop measurement across the orifice meter during both calibration and testing and the uncertainty of the airflow standard used during calibration of the orifice meter. Five environmental parameters occurring during field measurements were considered for their effect on overall uncertainty: ambient TSP concentration, volumetric airflow rate, ambient temperature, ambient pressure, and ambient relative humidity. Of these, only ambient TSP concentration and volumetric airflow rate were found to have a strong effect on the overall uncertainty. The technique described in this paper can be applied to other measurement systems and is especially useful where there are no methods available to generate these values empirically. This work addresses measurement uncertainty of TSP samplers used in ambient conditions. Estimation of uncertainty in gravimetric measurements is of particular interest, since as ambient particulate

Electrocrystallization and scanning probe microscopy of ceramic thin films and superlattices

Science.gov (United States)

Hung, Chen-Jen

This dissertation presents an investigation of the electrocrystallization and scanning probe microscopy of ceramic thin films and superlattices. All of the films were deposited from aqueous solution at room temperature with no subsequent heat treatment needed to effect crystallization. Thallium(III) oxide defect chemistry superlattices were electrodeposited by pulsing the applied overpotential during deposition. The defect chemistry of the oxide is dependent on the applied overpotential. High overpotentials favor oxygen vacancies, while low overpotentials favor cation interstitials. Nanometer-scale holes were formed in thin thallium(III) oxide films using the scanning tunneling microscope in humid ambient conditions. Both cathodic and anodic etching reactions were performed on this metal oxide surface. The hole formation was attributed to localized electrochemical etching reactions beneath the STM tip. The scanning tunneling microscope (STM) was also used to both induce local surface modifications and image cleaved Pb-Tl-O superlattices. A trench of 100 nm in width, 32 nm in depth, and over 1 μm in length was formed after sweeping a bias voltage of ±2.5 V for 1 minute using a fixed STM tip. It has been suggested that STM results obtained under ambient conditions must be evaluated with great care because of the possibility of localized electrochemcial reactions. A novel synthesis method for the production of Cu(II) oxide from an alkaline solution containing Cu(II) tartrate was developed. Rietveld refinement of the cupric oxide films reveals pure Cu(II) oxide with no Cu(I) oxide present in the film.

Quantile-based Bayesian maximum entropy approach for spatiotemporal modeling of ambient air quality levels.

Science.gov (United States)

Yu, Hwa-Lung; Wang, Chih-Hsin

2013-02-05

Understanding the daily changes in ambient air quality concentrations is important to the assessing human exposure and environmental health. However, the fine temporal scales (e.g., hourly) involved in this assessment often lead to high variability in air quality concentrations. This is because of the complex short-term physical and chemical mechanisms among the pollutants. Consequently, high heterogeneity is usually present in not only the averaged pollution levels, but also the intraday variance levels of the daily observations of ambient concentration across space and time. This characteristic decreases the estimation performance of common techniques. This study proposes a novel quantile-based Bayesian maximum entropy (QBME) method to account for the nonstationary and nonhomogeneous characteristics of ambient air pollution dynamics. The QBME method characterizes the spatiotemporal dependence among the ambient air quality levels based on their location-specific quantiles and accounts for spatiotemporal variations using a local weighted smoothing technique. The epistemic framework of the QBME method can allow researchers to further consider the uncertainty of space-time observations. This study presents the spatiotemporal modeling of daily CO and PM10 concentrations across Taiwan from 1998 to 2009 using the QBME method. Results show that the QBME method can effectively improve estimation accuracy in terms of lower mean absolute errors and standard deviations over space and time, especially for pollutants with strong nonhomogeneous variances across space. In addition, the epistemic framework can allow researchers to assimilate the site-specific secondary information where the observations are absent because of the common preferential sampling issues of environmental data. The proposed QBME method provides a practical and powerful framework for the spatiotemporal modeling of ambient pollutants.

Mobile Communication Devices, Ambient Noise, and Acoustic Voice Measures.

Science.gov (United States)

Maryn, Youri; Ysenbaert, Femke; Zarowski, Andrzej; Vanspauwen, Robby

2017-03-01

The ability to move with mobile communication devices (MCDs; ie, smartphones and tablet computers) may induce differences in microphone-to-mouth positioning and use in noise-packed environments, and thus influence reliability of acoustic voice measurements. This study investigated differences in various acoustic voice measures between six recording equipments in backgrounds with low and increasing noise levels. One chain of continuous speech and sustained vowel from 50 subjects with voice disorders (all separated by silence intervals) was radiated and re-recorded in an anechoic chamber with five MCDs and one high-quality recording system. These recordings were acquired in one condition without ambient noise and in four conditions with increased ambient noise. A total of 10 acoustic voice markers were obtained in the program Praat. Differences between MCDs and noise condition were assessed with Friedman repeated-measures test and posthoc Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, both for related samples, after Bonferroni correction. (1) Except median fundamental frequency and seven nonsignificant differences, MCD samples have significantly higher acoustic markers than clinical reference samples in minimal environmental noise. (2) Except median fundamental frequency, jitter local, and jitter rap, all acoustic measures on samples recorded with the reference system experienced significant influence from room noise levels. Fundamental frequency is resistant to recording system, environmental noise, and their combination. All other measures, however, were impacted by both recording system and noise condition, and especially by their combination, often already in the reference/baseline condition without added ambient noise. Caution is therefore warranted regarding implementation of MCDs as clinical recording tools, particularly when applied for treatment outcomes assessments. Copyright © 2017 The Voice Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Putting the Scanning Laser Environmental Airborne Fluorosensor through its paces : initial test results

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brown, C.E.; Fingas, M.F.; Mullin, J.V.; Dick, R.; Giroud, C.

1998-01-01

The development and construction of a remote sensing system used to detect and map oil and related petroleum products in complex marine and shoreline environments was reviewed. The Scanning Laser Environmental Airborne Fluorosensor (SLEAF) system will be integrated into Environment Canada's DC-3 aircraft and will be undergoing extensive testing to verify its functionality in an airborne environment. Laser fluorosensors are the only sensors that can successfully detect oil in most environments including snow and ice. One of the roles of SLEAF will be to confirm or reject suspected oil contamination sites that have been targeted by infrared or visible spectral cameras. The ability of the SLEAF system to detect, classify and estimate oil coverage has been tested using a total of twenty-one oils ranging from light refined crude through to heavy refined oils. The aromatic content of the oils varied between 13 and 52 per cent and the API gravities of the oils tested varied from 11.9 to 48.6. 10 refs., 2 tabs., 2 figs

Acerca de la biotecnología ambiental

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Blasco Pla, Rafael

2014-08-01

Full Text Available The aim of environmental biotecnology is to correct environmental imbalances caused by modern industrial activities. Many of these imbalances affect biogeochemical cycles in the biosphere, mainly catalysed by microorganisms. Deviations in the balances of carbon, nitrogen, sulphur and iron compounds may cause very complex phenomena such as global warming, destruction of the ozone layer, environmental pollution and acidification of the sea. On the other hand, the poorly understood microbial interactions --either with each other or the environment-- have important consequences in generating highly recalcitrant chemical species which, accumulating in the trophic chains, are highly toxic for living organisms. To cope with these problems it is necessary to improve knowledge of microbial ecology and the functioning of the biogeochemical cycles at the molecular level, although it is also worth designing technologies to eliminate pollutants either in situ or ex situ, to avoid its uncontrolled production as well as to correct the unbalancing processes affecting phases of the biogeochemical cycles, either in the present day or in the future.La Biotecnología ambiental trata de corregir los desequilibrios causados en el medio ambiente por actividades industriales que alteran los ecosistemas naturales mediante contaminación química o biológica y que también afectan a los grandes ciclos biogeoquímicos en la biosfera, mayoritariamente catalizados por seres vivos, entre los que los microrganismos juegan un papel esencial. Las desviaciones en los balances de compuestos carbonados, nitrogenados y azufrados atmosféricos pueden causar fenómenos de gran complejidad como el calentamiento global, la destrucción de la capa de ozono, la contaminación ambiental o la lluvia ácida. Por otra parte, las interacciones de los microorganismos entre sí y con el medio, desconocidas en su mayor parte, tiene importantes repercusiones en la generación y persistencia de

A ventilação e a fumaça ambiental de cigarros Ventilation and environmental tobacco smoke

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marina Fonseca Seelig

2005-12-01

Full Text Available A fumaça ambiental de cigarros (FAC é uma das principais contribuintes para o aumento da concentração e da exposição a partículas em ambientes fechados. É comprovado que muitos de seus compostos químicos são tóxicos ou cancerígenos e que sua inalação pode causar vários danos à saúde. Embora, salvo em áreas especificadas, proibido por lei, o fumo em recintos coletivos é comum no Brasil e, na maioria dos casos, as áreas destinadas a ele, quando existentes, não são devidamente isoladas, prejudicando os não-fumantes. A indústria do tabaco e a da hospitalidade vendem a ventilação como a solução desse problema, mas estudos indicam que ela não o é. Este artigo aborda a problemática da exposição à FAC por seus aspectos ligados à saúde e à poluição.Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS is a major contributor to indoor air concentrations and exposure to particles. It's known that many of its chemical compounds are toxic or carcinogens and its inhalation may cause many health injuries. Although, except in specified areas, forbidden by law, smoking in collective places is a common activity in Brazil, and, in most of the cases, specified areas, when existing, are not propriety isolated, injuring nonsmokers. Tobacco and hospitality industries maintain ventilation as a solution for this problem, but studies indicate that it is not the appropriate solution. This article approaches the ETS exposure problem through health and pollution implications.

ENRIQUECIMENTO AMBIENTAL E COMPORTAMENTO DE SUÍNOS: REVISÃO / ENVIRONMENTAL ENRICHMENT AND BEHAVIOUR OF PIGS: REVIEW

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

L. Foppa

2014-12-01

Full Text Available É cada vez maior a preocupação da comunidade científica e do mercado consumidor em relação aos métodos que os animais são produzidos. As novas exigências do mercado externo, em relação à qualidade ética dos produtos disponibilizados para o consumo, requerem novas técnicas direcionadas ao bem-estar animal. Na suinocultura industrial, os animais, geralmente, vivem confinados em todas as fases da vida. Portanto, estudos vêm sendo realizados para minimizar os efeitos do estresse gerados pelos monótonos ambientes de confinamento. O uso de objetos de enriquecimento ambiental pode ser uma alternativa viável de adaptação ao sistema de produção de suínos presente no Brasil. Contudo, sua eficácia ainda é limitada devido à rápida habituação dos suínos aos objetos disponibilizados. O objetivo deste artigo é revisar alternativas de enriquecimento ambiental usadas na suinocultura. 

Ambient environmental radiation monitoring at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lindeken, C.L.; White, J.H.; Toy, A.J.; Sundbeck, C.W.

1975-01-01

Thermoluminescence dosimetry is the principal means of measuring ambient γ radiation at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory. These dosimeters are used at 12 perimeter locations and 41 locations in the off-site vicinity of the Laboratory, and are exchanged quarterly. Control dosimeters are stored in a 75-mm-thick lead shield located out-of-doors to duplicate temperature cycling of field dosimeters. Effect of dosimeter response to radiation in the shield is determined each quarter. Calibration irradiations are made midway through the exposure cycle to compensate for signal fading. Terrestrial exposure rates calculated from the activities of naturally occurring uranium, thorium, and potassium in Livermore Valley soils vary from 3 to 7 μR/hr. Local inferred exposure rates from cosmic radiation are approximately 4 μR/hr. TLD measurements are in good agreement with these data. Off-site and site perimeter data are compared, and differences related to Laboratory operations are discussed

Trajetórias do Jaguary - unidades de conservação, percepção ambiental e turismo: um estudo na APA do Sistema Cantareira, São Paulo Trajectories of the Jaguary conservation areas, environmental perception and tourism a study in the Cantareira system environmental protected area, São Paulo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

João Luiz Hoeffel

2008-06-01

Full Text Available A Área de Proteção Ambiental Cantareira (APA Cantareira tem passado por diversas transformações, associadas à expansão urbana e turística. Observa-se, nesta pesquisa, que os grupos sociais atuantes nessa região apresentam diferentes perspectivas sobre meio ambiente e desenvolvimento, o que tem gerado conflitos de uso pelos recursos naturais, e que não existem planos regionais que apontem soluções efetivas para os problemas socioambientais em curso.The Cantareira Environmentally Protected Area (EPA Cantareira has been undergoing several transformations due to the growth of urban areas and tourism. The present piece of research points out that the active social groups in this region have different perspectives to the environment and development. This leads to conflicts in the use of natural resources and there are no regional plans suggesting effective solutions for the identified social and environmental problems.

Data based ambient lighting control

NARCIS (Netherlands)

2012-01-01

In controlling an ambient lighting element, a category of data being rendered by a host is identified, ambient lighting data associated with the identified category is retrieved, and the retrieved ambient lighting data is rendered in correspondence with the rendered data. The retrieved ambient

Biotecnologia Ambiental. Aplicacions biotecnològiques a la millora del medi ambient

OpenAIRE

Blanch i Gisbert, Anicet

2010-01-01

La biotecnología ambiental comprende el conjunto de actividades tecnológicas que facilitan la comprensión y la gestión de los sistemas biológicos en el medio ambiente, con el fin de proveer productos y servicios. Actualmente, la gestión del medio ambiente y de sus recursos naturales no se comprende si no se realiza de manera sostenible. Los avances científicos y tecnológicos le están permitiendo a la biotecnología ambiental, el desarrollo de nuevas herramientas y aplicaciones con los que resp...

The future is 'ambient'

Science.gov (United States)

Lugmayr, Artur

2006-02-01

The research field of ambient media starts to spread rapidly and first applications for consumer homes are on the way. Ambient media is the logical continuation of research around media. Media has been evolving from old media (e.g. print media), to integrated presentation in one form (multimedia - or new media), to generating a synthetic world (virtual reality), to the natural environment is the user-interface (ambient media), and will be evolving towards real/synthetic undistinguishable media (bio-media or bio-multimedia). After the IT bubble was bursting, multimedia was lacking a vision of potential future scenarios and applications. Within this research paper the potentials, applications, and market available solutions of mobile ambient multimedia are studied. The different features of ambient mobile multimedia are manifold and include wearable computers, adaptive software, context awareness, ubiquitous computers, middleware, and wireless networks. The paper especially focuses on algorithms and methods that can be utilized to realize modern mobile ambient systems.

The INMA-INfancia y Medio Ambiente-(Environment and Childhood) project: More than 10 years contributing to environmental and neuropsychological research.

Science.gov (United States)

Gascon, Mireia; Guxens, Mònica; Vrijheid, Martine; Torrent, Maties; Ibarluzea, Jesús; Fano, Eduardo; Llop, Sabrina; Ballester, Ferran; Fernández, Mariana F; Tardón, Adonina; Fernández-Somoano, Ana; Sunyer, Jordi

2017-06-01

In 2003 the INMA-INfancia y Medio Ambiente (Environment and Childhood) project, a Spanish national network of birth cohorts including more than 3500 participants, was set up with the aim to assess the health impacts of pre- and postnatal environmental exposures on children. The project has published more than 60 papers on maternal and environmental factors related to neuropsychological development in children, one of the main research interests within the project. With the present review, we evaluate the evidence provided by the INMA project on this topic and discuss how the data can contribute to cover the challenges that children's environmental health research will face in the coming years. The INMA project has contributed to provide increasing evidence of the association between prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and child neuropsychological development, but it has also shown, using innovative methodologies, that postnatal exposure to these compounds does not play a role in this association. The project has also contributed to show the detrimental influence of certain air pollutants on child neuropsychological development, as well as how a balanced maternal fish intake can protect from the potential adverse effects of prenatal exposure to mercury. Also, the project has contributed to the understanding of impacts of nutritional factors including supplement intake and vitamin D levels during pregnancy and the role of breastfeeding on the neuropsychological benefits. INMA findings underscore the importance of continued research on the delineation of the sensitive windows of exposure both during pregnancy and postnatally and on the combined effects of environmental exposures, denoted the exposome. In terms of health policy, INMA findings have important implications for the development of public health policies to advance the health and development of children. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Towards New Ambient Light Systems: a Close Look at Existing Encodings of Ambient Light Systems

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Andrii Matviienko

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Ambient systems provide information in the periphery of a user’s attention. Their aim is to present information as unobtrusively as possible to avoid interrupting primary tasks (e.g. writing or reading. In recent years, light has been used to create ambient systems to display information. Examples of ambient light systems range from simple notification systems such as displaying messages or calendar event reminders, to more complex systems such as focusing on conveying information regarding health activity tracking. However, for ambient light systems, there is a broad design space that lacks guidelines on when to make use of light displays and how to design them. In this paper we provide a systematic overview of existing ambient light systems over four identified information classes derived from 72 existing ambient light systems. The most prominent encoding parameters among the surveyed ambient light systems are color, brightness, and their combination. By analyzing existing ambient light systems, we provide a first step towards developing guidelines for designing future ambient light systems.

Relationships among exceedences of metals criteria, the results of ambient bioassays, and community metrics in mining-impacted streams.

Science.gov (United States)

Griffith, Michael B; Lazorchak, James M; Herlihy, Alan T

2004-07-01

If bioassessments are to help diagnose the specific environmental stressors affecting streams, a better understanding is needed of the relationships between community metrics and ambient criteria or ambient bioassays. However, this relationship is not simple, because metrics assess responses at the community level of biological organization, while ambient criteria and ambient bioassays assess or are based on responses at the individual level. For metals, the relationship is further complicated by the influence of other chemical variables, such as hardness, on their bioavailability and toxicity. In 1993 and 1994, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) conducted a Regional Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (REMAP) survey on wadeable streams in Colorado's (USA) Southern Rockies Ecoregion. In this ecoregion, mining over the past century has resulted in metals contamination of streams. The surveys collected data on fish and macroinvertebrate assemblages, physical habitat, and sediment and water chemistry and toxicity. These data provide a framework for assessing diagnostic community metrics for specific environmental stressors. We characterized streams as metals-affected based on exceedence of hardness-adjusted criteria for cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc in water; on water toxicity tests (48-h Pimephales promelas and Ceriodaphnia dubia survival); on exceedence of sediment threshold effect levels (TELs); or on sediment toxicity tests (7-d Hyalella azteca survival and growth). Macroinvertebrate and fish metrics were compared among affected and unaffected sites to identify metrics sensitive to metals. Several macroinvertebrate metrics, particularly richness metrics, were less in affected streams, while other metrics were not. This is a function of the sensitivity of the individual metrics to metals effects. Fish metrics were less sensitive to metals because of the low diversity of fish in these streams.

The importance of ambient temperature to growth and the induction of flowering.

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C. Robertson Mcclung

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Plant development is exquisitely sensitive to the environment. Light quantity, quality, and duration (photoperiod have profound effects on vegetative morphology and flowering time. Recent studies have demonstrated that ambient temperature is a similarly potent stimulus influencing morphology and flowering. In Arabidopsis, ambient temperatures that are high, but not so high as to induce a heat stress response, confer morphological changes that resemble the shade avoidance syndrome. Similarly, these high but not stressful temperatures can accelerate flowering under short day conditions as effectively as exposure to long days. Photoperiodic flowering entails a series of external coincidences, in which environmental cycles of light and dark must coincide with an internal cycle in gene expression established by the endogenous circadian clock. It is evident that a similar model of external coincidence applies to the effects of elevated ambient temperature on both vegetative morphology and the vegetative to reproductive transition. Further study is imperative, because global warming is predicted to have major effects on the performance and distribution of wild species and strong adverse effects on crop yields. It is critical to understand temperature perception and response at a mechanistic level and to integrate this knowledge with our understanding of other environmental responses, including biotic and abiotic stresses, in order to improve crop production sufficiently to sustainably feed an expanding world population.

Zoneamento ambiental do polo de desenvolvimento agroindustrial do Alto Piranhas, Estado da Paraíba

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J. S. Almeida

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho teve como objetivo zonear os níveis de deterioração ambiental na paisagem entre os anos de 2001 e 2012, adotando os critérios da ecodinâmica nos municípios que compõe o polo de desenvolvimento agroindustrial do Alto Piranhas. Foram realizadas análises envolvendo a dinâmica da paisagem e da vulnerabilidade ambiental. A metodologia utilizada na pesquisa foi baseada em localizações pontuais, que inclui o processo de selecionar e combinar, através de procedimento de álgebra de mapas disponíveis em um SIG, cada variável geográfica contém diferenciação espacial e a combinação entre elas promove a subdivisão do espaço geográfico em regiões equiproblemáticas. Tomando-se por base as superposições dos mapas geológico, geomorfológico e pedológico foi efetuado o mapa de zoneamento ambiental, com informações que permitiram identificar as condições do meio natural e suas aptidões. Esses fatores foram comparados entre si, conforme a importância atribuída a elas. Os resultados indicaram que as áreas centrais concentram as classes com maiores riscos ambientais, como as instáveis (risco ambiental entre 60 e 80%, e as de instabilidade emergente (risco maior que 80. Já nas áreas distribuídas em toda a área de estudo encontra-se as áreas com risco ambiental entre 40 e 60% (instabilidade moderada. Com base na análise, percebe-se que a área de estudo possui um tênue equilíbrio por estar localizado em ambiente semiárido que pode ser rompido com facilidade com a intensificação das atividades agroindustriais.Environmental zoning polo agro industry development of Alto Piranhas, Paraíba StateAbstract: This study aimed to zone the levels of environmental deterioration in the landscape between the years 2001 and 2012, adopting the criteria of ecodynamics municipalities that make up the hub of agro-industrial development of the Alto Piranhas. Analyzes involving the dynamics of landscape and environmental

77 FR 39205 - Public Hearings for Proposed Rules-National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Particulate Matter

Science.gov (United States)

2012-07-02

..., respectively, and to make corresponding revisions to the data handling conventions for PM and ambient air.... Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Ariel Rios Building, 1200...

Ambient concentrations and personal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in an urban community with mixed sources of air pollution

Science.gov (United States)

ZHU, XIANLEI; FAN, ZHIHUA (TINA); WU, XIANGMEI; JUNG, KYUNG HWA; OHMAN-STRICKLAND, PAMELA; BONANNO, LINDA J.; LIOY, PAUL J.

2014-01-01

Assessment of the health risks resulting from exposure to ambient polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) is limited by a lack of environmental exposure data among the general population. This study characterized personal exposure and ambient concentrations of PAH in the Village of Waterfront South (WFS), an urban community with many mixed sources of air toxics in Camden, New Jersey, and CopeWood/Davis Streets (CDS), an urban reference area located ~1 mile east of WFS. A total of 54 and 53 participants were recruited from non-smoking households in WFS and CDS, respectively. In all, 24-h personal and ambient air samples were collected simultaneously in both areas on weekdays and weekends during summer and winter. The ambient PAH concentrations in WFS were either significantly higher than or comparable to those in CDS, indicating the significant impact of local sources on PAH pollution in WFS. Analysis of diagnostic ratios and correlation suggested that diesel truck traffic, municipal waste combustion and industrial combustion were the major sources in WFS. In such an area, ambient air pollution contributed significantly to personal PAH exposure, explaining 44–96% of variability in personal concentrations. This study provides valuable data for examining the impact of local ambient PAH pollution on personal exposure and therefore potential health risks associated with environmental PAH pollution. PMID:21364704

Hacia una Administración Pública moderna. Experiencia de la Administración ambiental vasca

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Arantza Leturiondo Aranzamendi

2014-03-01

Full Text Available A lo largo de la novena legislatura del Gobierno Vasco se puso en marcha un nuevo modelo de gestión de la administración ambiental. Un modelo basado en la corresponsabilidad público – privada, la reducción de cargas administrativas, el refuerzo del control posterior, la mejora de la comunicación y la transparencia. Se tramitaron más de dieciséis normas que perseguían objetivos ambientales, pero también otros objetivos estratégicos. Se desarrolló un moderno sistema de información y gestión y se establecieron las entidades de colaboración ambiental. Estas medidas han sentado las bases para una administración ambiental moderna y eficiente, introduciendo una mayor racionalidad y eficiencia en la intervención administrativa (lo que se traduce en ahorro de costes y mayor productividad y proporcionando seguridad jurídica a las actividades económicas (lo que redunda en su competitividad y un mejor servicio al conjunto de la ciudadanía vasca. During the 9th legislature period of the Basque Government, the environmental department launched, a new model based in public - private co-responsibility, in reducing administrative burdens; in reinforcing the operational control, and in improving dialogue and transparency. Sixteen acts were approved aimed at achieving environmental and other strategic objectives, new and modern information and management system was implemented and the environmental collaboration entities were introduced. These actions set the basis for a modern and efficient management of the environmental administration, introducing rationality and efficiency in the environmental administrative process (entailing cost savings and increased productivity and provides legal certainty for economic activities (which implies more competitiveness and better service for all Basque citizens.

ICMS ecológico: conceito e repercussões na conservação ambiental do município de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais

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Gelze Serrat de Souza Campos Rodrigues

2014-11-01

Full Text Available A legislação ambiental brasileira define os instrumentos de intervenção do Estado no planejamento e na gestão ambiental. Um desses instrumentos é o Imposto sobre Circulação de Mercadorias e Prestação de Serviços Ecológico (ICMS Ecológico. Por meio da arrecadação do ICMS (Imposto sobre Circulação de Mercadorias e Prestação de Serviços, os estados podem disponibilizar uma parcela do seu montante aos municípios, com a utilização de diversos critérios, dentre eles o ambiental. Este artigo apresenta o sistema de redistribuição desse imposto, segundo os critérios ambientais, executado no estado de Minas Gerais, e analisa suas implicações na conservação ambiental do município de Uberlândia, oeste de Minas Gerais. Por meio de revisão bibliográfica, pesquisa documental e trabalhos de campo, constata-se a potencialidade desse instrumento e a falta de seu alcance no que tange ao índice de conservação ambiental. Por fim, propõe-se algumas mudanças na normatização estadual, a fim de se atingir o seu objetivo: a melhoria da qualidade ambiental. Abstract ECOLOGICAL GOODS AND SERVICES TAX: CONCEPT AND REPERCUSSIONS IN THE UBERLÂNDIA MUNICIPALITY ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION, MINAS GERAIS The Brazilian environmental legislation sets the intervention instruments of the states on environmental management and planning. One of such instruments is the Ecological Goods and Services Tax. Through this tax fundraising, the states can share part of the total with the cities, by the usage of many criteria, among 76. GeoTextos, vol. 10, n. 2, dez. 2014. G. Rodrigues 75-97 them the environmental criteria. This article shows this tax redistribution system, according to the environmental criteria, executed in Minas Gerais state, and analyses its implications on the environmental conservation of Uberlândia, western Minas Gerais. Through bibliographic revision, documental research and fieldwork, it is noted the potential of such

Developmental responses of bread wheat to changes in ambient temperature following deletion of a locus that includes FLOWERING LOCUS T1.

Science.gov (United States)

Dixon, Laura E; Farré, Alba; Finnegan, E Jean; Orford, Simon; Griffiths, Simon; Boden, Scott A

2018-01-04

FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) is a central integrator of environmental signals that regulates the timing of vegetative to reproductive transition in flowering plants. In model plants, these environmental signals have been shown to include photoperiod, vernalization, and ambient temperature pathways, and in crop species, the integration of the ambient temperature pathway remains less well understood. In hexaploid wheat, at least 5 FT-like genes have been identified, each with a copy on the A, B, and D genomes. Here, we report the characterization of FT-B1 through analysis of FT-B1 null and overexpression genotypes under different ambient temperature conditions. This analysis has identified that the FT-B1 alleles perform differently under diverse environmental conditions; most notably, the FT-B1 null produces an increase in spikelet and tiller number when grown at lower temperature conditions. Additionally, absence of FT-B1 facilitates more rapid germination under both light and dark conditions. These results provide an opportunity to understand the FT-dependent pathways that underpin key responses of wheat development to changes in ambient temperature. This is particularly important for wheat, for which development and grain productivity are sensitive to changes in temperature. © 2018 The Authors Plant, Cell & Environment Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Quantities for environmental monitoring

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1989-01-01

It is recommended that if measurements are made with the objective of monitor radiation levels in the environment to elucidate long-term changes in these levels, then air kerma should be used. If the objective is to give an indication that levels from man-made sources are acceptable within specified limits for the exposure of people, then ambient dose equivalent should be used. It should be noted that radiation risks to individuals are best expressed by the quantity effective dose equivalent. If this latter quantity is to be accurately assessed, it may be necessary to obtain details of the quality of the environmental radiation that cannot be described adequately by simple measurements of either air kerma or ambient dose equivalent. If the above objectives pertain, the measurements should record both air kerma and ambient dose equivalent. If neutrons are measured in the environment then ambient dose equivalent is the appropriate quantity for both the above objectives. (author)

Ambient Dried Aerogels

Science.gov (United States)

Jones, Steven M.; Paik, Jong-Ah

2013-01-01

A method has been developed for creating aerogel using normal pressure and ambient temperatures. All spacecraft, satellites, and landers require the use of thermal insulation due to the extreme environments encountered in space and on extraterrestrial bodies. Ambient dried aerogels introduce the possibility of using aerogel as thermal insulation in a wide variety of instances where supercritically dried aerogels cannot be used. More specifically, thermoelectric devices can use ambient dried aerogel, where the advantages are in situ production using the cast-in ability of an aerogel. Previously, aerogels required supercritical conditions (high temperature and high pressure) to be dried. Ambient dried aerogels can be dried at room temperature and pressure. This allows many materials, such as plastics and certain metal alloys that cannot survive supercritical conditions, to be directly immersed in liquid aerogel precursor and then encapsulated in the final, dried aerogel. Additionally, the metalized Mylar films that could not survive the previous methods of making aerogels can survive the ambient drying technique, thus making multilayer insulation (MLI) materials possible. This results in lighter insulation material as well. Because this innovation does not require high-temperature or high-pressure drying, ambient dried aerogels are much less expensive to produce. The equipment needed to conduct supercritical drying costs many tens of thousands of dollars, and has associated running expenses for power, pressurized gasses, and maintenance. The ambient drying process also expands the size of the pieces of aerogel that can be made because a high-temperature, high-pressure system typically has internal dimensions of up to 30 cm in diameter and 60 cm in height. In the case of this innovation, the only limitation on the size of the aerogels produced would be in the ability of the solvent in the wet gel to escape from the gel network.

CUIDADO AMBIENTAL E RESPONSABILIDADE: POSSÍVEL DIÁLOGO ENTRE PSICOLOGIA AMBIENTAL E LOGOTERAPIA

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Diogo Arnaldo Corrêa

2016-05-01

Full Text Available O cuidado ambiental vem sendo marcado pela tônica da conservação e da promoção da sustentabilidade. A premente necessidade de um dado compromisso e educação ambiental e de condutas pró-ambientais vem sendo defendida em vários contextos: na mídia, nas políticas públicas, por meio de campanhas sazonais. Todavia, pouco se descreve acerca do sentido presente nos modos de cuidado configurados a partir da inter-relação pessoa-ambiente. Nesta perspectiva, este estudo objetivou promover um possível diálogo a partir das contribuições da Psicologia Ambiental e da Logoterapia visando aproximar a noção de cuidado ambiental, delineada pela Psicologia Ambiental, à ideia de responsabilidade, como defendida pela Logoterapia, por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica. As articulações propositadas corroboraram, portanto, para acenar que a relação pessoa-ambiente pode ser arraigada em qualidade se a responsabilidade é reconhecida em sua propriedade de potencial humano, o que pode favorecer na emergência do sentido das atitudes e condutas pró-ambientais e explicitar o caráter de tarefa única e irrepetível inerente à vida.

Medição de desempenho ambiental baseada em método multicriterial de apoio à decisão: estudo de caso na indústria automotiva Environmental performance measurement supported by a multicriterial approach: a case study in a manufacturing operation in the automotive industry

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Sheila Oliveira de Castro da Luz

2006-12-01

Full Text Available Este artigo apresenta e discute um estudo de caso sobre medição de desempenho ambiental (MDA baseada em um método multicriterial de apoio à decisão, o AHP. A medição foi feita em uma operação de manufatura da indústria automotiva, cujo Sistema de Gestão Ambiental (SGA é certificado conforme a norma ISO 14001:2004. A metodologia foi desenvolvida de forma a viabilizar a sua extensão a outras indústrias ou tipos de operação. O artigo inicia apresentando uma discussão sobre desempenho empresarial e ambiental, justificando a necessidade de um índice para medir e comunicar este desempenho. Cita-se o método multicriterial usado e, a seguir, propõe-se a metodologia de medição, na qual se formulam construtos de sustentação do índice, calculam-se importâncias relativas dos construtos e especificam-se os indicadores. O índice foi calculado para o desempenho atual, chegando-se a um desempenho ambiental próximo a 85% do máximo possível. Os construtos empregados na medição são: resíduos sólidos; efluentes; emissões atmosféricas; uso de recursos naturais; e gestão ambiental. As principais oportunidades de melhoria ambiental são reduções no uso de recursos naturais e em emiss��es atmosféricas.This paper presents and discusses a case concerning environmental performance measurement (MDA, in which a multicriterial approach, the AHP, was used. The measurement took place in a manufacturing operation in the automotive industry, whose environmental management system (SGA is certified according to ISO 14001: 2004. The methodology was developed in such a way that it is feasible to reproduce it in other industries or operations. The paper discusses business and environmental performance, justifying the need for a numerical index, in order to establish such performances. We propose the measurement methodology, in which we formulate hierarchical constructs for sustaining the index, weighed by the AHP and measured by indicators

Evaluation of digital dental models obtained from dental cone-beam computed tomography scan of alginate impressions.

Science.gov (United States)

Jiang, Tingting; Lee, Sang-Mi; Hou, Yanan; Chang, Xin; Hwang, Hyeon-Shik

2016-05-01

To investigate the dimensional accuracy of digital dental models obtained from the dental cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan of alginate impressions according to the time elapse when the impressions are stored under ambient conditions. Alginate impressions were obtained from 20 adults using 3 different alginate materials, 2 traditional alginate materials (Alginoplast and Cavex Impressional) and 1 extended-pour alginate material (Cavex ColorChange). The impressions were stored under ambient conditions, and scanned by CBCT immediately after the impressions were taken, and then at 1 hour intervals for 6 hours. After reconstructing three-dimensional digital dental models, the models were measured and the data were analyzed to determine dimensional changes according to the elapsed time. The changes within the measurement error were regarded as clinically acceptable in this study. All measurements showed a decreasing tendency with an increase in the elapsed time after the impressions. Although the extended-pour alginate exhibited a less decreasing tendency than the other 2 materials, there were no statistically significant differences between the materials. Changes above the measurement error occurred between the time points of 3 and 4 hours after the impressions. The results of this study indicate that digital dental models can be obtained simply from a CBCT scan of alginate impressions without sending them to a remote laboratory. However, when the impressions are not stored under special conditions, they should be scanned immediately, or at least within 2 to 3 hours after the impressions are taken.

Valoração Econômica Ambiental: um estudo analítico e teórico dos métodos e suas multi-aplicabilidades = Environmental economic valuation: an analytical and theoretical study of methods and their multi applicabilities

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Pedro dos Santos Portugal Júnior

2012-11-01

Full Text Available O desenvolvimento sustentável, nos dias atuais, age diretamente nas decisões administrativas e econômicas dos agentes da sociedade. Baseado neste fato o presente estudo tem por objetivo geral analisar teoricamente alguns métodos de valoração econômica ambiental, suas características e aplicações. De maneira específica pretende-se demonstrar a possibilidade de aplicar tais métodos de uma forma múltipla para uma valoração ambiental mais profunda e completa, somando-se a isso a apresentação de dois novos métodos desenvolvidos pelos autores desse artigo que complementam outros já existentes. O contexto abordado permeia inicialmente os fatores de produção e suas características específicas, passando posteriormente a analisar os componentes do valor econômico total dos recursos naturais, em seguida são abordados alguns métodos de valoração econômica ambiental e ao final apresenta-se a possibilidade de aplicar diferentes métodos para a análise ambiental de um mesmo caso específico. Utiliza-se o método dedutivo e a técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica como forma de atingir os objetivos traçados. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de nível teórico e exploratória. O estudo permite concluir positivamente sobre a possibilidade de multi-aplicabilidade de métodos de valoração de danos ambientais como forma de tornar essa análise mais abrangente e completa. Os resultados apontaram ainda que os novos métodos apresentados permitem uma análise ambiental pormenorizada e com fundamentos matemáticos mais profundos. Soma-se a isso o fato de que o principal complicador da utilização do sistema de multiaplicabilidade é a determinação dos níveis de ponderação dos diferentes métodos adotados na análise ambiental, o que deverá ser feita considerando-se as especificidades dos danos ambientais analisados e as informações disponíveis, necessitando-se para isso de novos estudos sobre essa temática. Sustainable development

Ambient air pollution and low birth weight - are some women more vulnerable than others?

Science.gov (United States)

Westergaard, Nadja; Gehring, Ulrike; Slama, Rémy; Pedersen, Marie

2017-07-01

Ambient air pollution is controllable, and it is one of the greatest environmental threats to human health. Studies conducted worldwide have provided evidence that maternal exposure to ambient air pollution during pregnancy enhances the risk of low birth weight at term (TLBW, air pollution. The aim of this commentary is to review the published literature on the association between ambient air pollution and TLBW regarding increased vulnerability for the above-mentioned subgroups. Although more than fifty epidemiological studies have examined the associations between ambient air pollution and TLBW to date, we only identified six studies that examined the potential effect modification of the association between ambient air pollution and TLBW by the above listed maternal risk factors. Two studies assessed effect modification caused by smoking on the association between ambient air pollution and TLBW. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for TLBW associated with exposure to ambient air pollution were in one study higher among women who smoked during pregnancy, as compared to the OR of non-smoking women, while in the other study the association was in the opposite direction. The association of ambient air pollution and TLBW were higher among women characterized by extreme BMI (two studies) and low SES compared to non-obese women or women of higher SES (four studies), respectively. Only one study reported the estimated effects among asthmatic and non-asthmatic women and no statistically significant effect modification was evident for the risk of TLBW associated with ambient air pollution. The current epidemiologic evidence is scarce, but suggests that pregnant women who are smoking, being underweight, overweight/obese or having lower SES are a vulnerable subpopulation when exposed to ambient air pollution, with and increased risk of having a child with TLBW. The limited evidence precludes for definitive conclusions and further studies are recommended. Copyright © 2017. Published

O preparo da equipe cirúrgica: aspecto relevante no controle da contaminação ambiental La preparación del equipo quirúrgico: aspecto relevante en el control de la contaminación ambiental The preparation of the surgical team: significant aspect in the control of environmental contamination

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Caroline Cataneo

2004-04-01

Full Text Available O controle da contaminação ambiental tem sido considerado como medida racional para a prevenção da infecção do sítio cirúrgico. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar as atuais recomendações relacionadas ao preparo da equipe cirúrgica e tecer considerações sobre o papel do enfermeiro no controle da contaminação ambiental. Baseados na literatura atual, abordamos pontos relacionados à paramentação cirúrgica e a escovação das mãos. Os estudos apontam que o preparo da equipe cirúrgica constitui barreira de proteção importante para a prevenção da infecção do sítio cirúrgico; entretanto salientam a necessidade dos profissionais de saúde realizarem os procedimentos de forma adequada.El control de la contaminación ambiental ha sido considerado como una medida racional para la prevención de la infección en el sitio quirúrgico. El objetivo de este estudio es presentar las recomendaciones actuales con respecto a la preparación del equipo quirúrgico y hacer consideraciones acerca del papel del enfermero en el control de la contaminación ambiental. Basados en la literatura actual, tratamos puntos relacionados con el vestuario quirúrgico y al cepillado de las manos. Estudios indican que la preparación del equipo quirúrgico sirve como una importante barrera de protección en la prevención de la infección en el sitio quirúrgico; sin embargo, destacan que los profesionales de salud necesitan realizar los procedimientos de manera adecuada.The control of environmental contamination has been considered a rational measure for preventing surgical site infection. This study aims to present the current recommendations related to the preparation of the surgical team and to discuss the role of nurses in controlling environmental contamination. On the basis of current literature, we treat issues related to surgical garment and hand brushing. Studies indicate that the preparation of the surgical team constitutes an important

It doesn’t matter, but: examining the impact of ambient learning displays on energy consumption and conservation at the workplace

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Börner, Dirk; Kalz, Marco; Specht, Marcus

2014-01-01

This study reports an intervention to initiate environmental learning and facilitate pro-environmental behaviour. The purpose was to examine the impact of ambient learning displays on energy consumption and conservation at the workplace, more specifically the evaluation of learning outcome and

Níveis de lisina digestível da ração e temperatura ambiente para frangos de corte em crescimento Dietary digestible lysine levels and environmental temperature for growing broiler chickens

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Jefferson Costa de Siqueira

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Este estudo foi conduzido para avaliar os efeitos dos níveis de lisina digestível da ração e da temperatura ambiente sobre o desempenho e as características de carcaça de frangos de corte dos 22 a 42 dias de idade. Foram utilizados 672 frangos Ross®, machos, com peso médio de 726 g, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado segundo arranjo fatorial 4 × 4, com seis repetições de sete aves. Os frangos foram mantidos nas temperaturas de 18,5; 21,1; 24,5 e 27,0ºC e foram alimentados com rações com diferentes níveis de lisina digestível (0,934; 1,009; 1,084 e 1,159%. Não houve interação temperatura ambiente × níveis de lisina da ração para as variáveis estudadas. O consumo de ração (CR e o ganho de peso (GP não foram influenciados pelos níveis de lisina. O consumo de ração reduziu linearmente com a temperatura ambiente e o ganho de peso aumentou até a temperatura estimada de 21,5ºC. A conversão alimentar melhorou até o nível estimado de 1,085% de lisina digestível. Os pesos de carcaça (PC, peito com osso (PPO, coxa (PCX e sobrecoxa (PSCX aumentaram até as temperaturas estimadas de 21,9; 21,0; 22,7 e 23,7ºC, respectivamente. Os rendimentos de carcaça (RC, coxa (RCX e sobrecoxa (RSCX aumentaram, enquanto o peso do peito sem osso (PPSO e os rendimentos de peito com osso (RPO e sem osso (RPSO reduziram linearmente com a temperatura ambiente. O PCX e o RCX aumentaram, mas o RSCX reduziu linearmente com os níveis de lisina da ração. O PC, PPO, PSCX, RC, RPO e o RPSO não foram influenciados pelos níveis de lisina. A temperatura ambiente no intervalo de 18,5 e 27,0ºC não influenciou as exigências de lisina das aves. A condição para melhor conversão alimentar no período de 22 a 42 dias foi obtida com o nível de 1,085% de lisina digestível na ração e com a temperatura ambiente estimada de 23,3ºC.This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of the dietary digestible lysine levels and environmental

Changes in gene expression in chronic allergy mouse model exposed to natural environmental PM2.5-rich ambient air pollution.

Science.gov (United States)

Ouyang, Yuhui; Xu, Zhaojun; Fan, Erzhong; Li, Ying; Miyake, Kunio; Xu, Xianyan; Zhang, Luo

2018-04-20

Particulate matter (PM) air pollution has been associated with an increase in the incidence of chronic allergic diseases; however, the mechanisms underlying the effect of exposure to natural ambient air pollution in chronic allergic diseases have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the cellular responses induced by exposure to natural ambient air pollution, employing a mouse model of chronic allergy. The results indicated that exposure to ambient air pollution significantly increased the number of eosinophils in the nasal mucosa. The modulation of gene expression profile identified a set of regulated genes, and the Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells1(TREM1) signaling canonical pathway was increased after exposure to ambient air pollution. In vitro, PM2.5 increased Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 (Nod1) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway activation in A549 and HEK293 cell cultures. These results suggest a novel mechanism by which, PM2.5 in ambient air pollution may stimulate the innate immune system through the PM2.5-Nod1-NF-κB axis in chronic allergic disease.

The relationship of lung function with ambient temperature.

Science.gov (United States)

Collaco, Joseph M; Appel, Lawrence J; McGready, John; Cutting, Garry R

2018-01-01

Lung function is complex trait with both genetic and environmental factors contributing to variation. It is unknown how geographic factors such as climate affect population respiratory health. To determine whether ambient air temperature is associated with lung function (FEV1) in the general population. Associations between spirometry data from two National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) periods representative of the U.S. non-institutionalized population and mean annual ambient temperature were assessed using survey-weighted multivariate regression. The NHANES III (1988-94) cohort included 14,088 individuals (55.6% female) and the NHANES 2007-12 cohort included 14,036 individuals (52.3% female), with mean ages of 37.4±23.4 and 34.4±21.8 years old and FEV1 percent predicted values of 99.8±15.8% and 99.2±14.5%, respectively. After adjustment for confounders, warmer ambient temperatures were associated with lower lung function in both cohorts (NHANES III p = 0.020; NHANES 2007-2012 p = 0.014). The effect was similar in both cohorts with a 0.71% and 0.59% predicted FEV1 decrease for every 10°F increase in mean temperature in the NHANES III and NHANES 2007-2012 cohorts, respectively. This corresponds to ~2 percent predicted difference in FEV1 between the warmest and coldest regions in the continental United States. In the general U.S. population, residing in regions with warmer ambient air temperatures was associated with lower lung function with an effect size similar to that of traffic pollution. Rising temperatures associated with climate change could have effects on pulmonary function in the general population.

The relationship of lung function with ambient temperature.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Joseph M Collaco

Full Text Available Lung function is complex trait with both genetic and environmental factors contributing to variation. It is unknown how geographic factors such as climate affect population respiratory health.To determine whether ambient air temperature is associated with lung function (FEV1 in the general population.Associations between spirometry data from two National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES periods representative of the U.S. non-institutionalized population and mean annual ambient temperature were assessed using survey-weighted multivariate regression.The NHANES III (1988-94 cohort included 14,088 individuals (55.6% female and the NHANES 2007-12 cohort included 14,036 individuals (52.3% female, with mean ages of 37.4±23.4 and 34.4±21.8 years old and FEV1 percent predicted values of 99.8±15.8% and 99.2±14.5%, respectively.After adjustment for confounders, warmer ambient temperatures were associated with lower lung function in both cohorts (NHANES III p = 0.020; NHANES 2007-2012 p = 0.014. The effect was similar in both cohorts with a 0.71% and 0.59% predicted FEV1 decrease for every 10°F increase in mean temperature in the NHANES III and NHANES 2007-2012 cohorts, respectively. This corresponds to ~2 percent predicted difference in FEV1 between the warmest and coldest regions in the continental United States.In the general U.S. population, residing in regions with warmer ambient air temperatures was associated with lower lung function with an effect size similar to that of traffic pollution. Rising temperatures associated with climate change could have effects on pulmonary function in the general population.

Integrated assessment of environment and health: America's children and the environment Avaliação integrada de saúde e ambiente: crianças americanas e o ambiente

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Amy D. Kyle

2006-06-01

Full Text Available There is a need for systematic approaches to assessment of environmental factors most relevant to health, health outcomes most influenced by the environment, and relationships between them, as well as for approaches to representing results of such assessments in policy deliberations. As a step in the development of such methods, we used findings and data from environmental protection and public health sectors to develop a set of measures representing topics relevant to children's environmental health. We used a definition of the environment that emphasized contaminants and a process that involved both analytic and deliberative elements. The steps in this process were to: a develop a conceptual framework to depict relationships between environment and health with relevant types of data and information, b select topic areas of significance for children, c identify best available data sources and devise measures, d assess possible surrogate data sources and measures when needed, e design and implement metrics for computation of measures; f select graphical representations of measures, g identify related measures, and h identify data gaps. Representatives of policy and stakeholder audiences participated in this process.No momento atual do conhecimento sobre o tema, existe a necessidade de avaliações sistemáticas a respeito dos fatores que mais contribuem para a saúde, das contribuições mais relevantes do setor saúde para o ambiente e das relações entre ambos os campos, assim como de abordagens sobre resultados das deliberações políticas sobre resultados dos estudos. Neste artigo, apresentamos achados e dados a respeito da proteção ambiental e de saúde visando desenvolver propostas a favor da saúde ambiental das crianças. Usamos uma definição de ambiente que enfatiza contaminantes e processos e envolvem elementos analíticos e deliberativos. As etapas do estudo foram: a desenvolver um marco conceitual que retratasse rela

Effects of copper and arsenic stress on the development of Norway spruce somatic embryos and their visualization with the environmental scanning electron microscope.

Science.gov (United States)

Đorđević, Biljana; Neděla, Vilém; Tihlaříková, Eva; Trojan, Václav; Havel, Ladislav

2018-05-18

Somatic embryogenesis is an important biotechnological technique which can be used in studies associated with environmental stress. Four embryogenic cell lines of Norway spruce were grown on media enriched with copper and arsenic in concentration ranges 50-500 μM and 10-50 μM, respectively. The effects were observed during subsequent stages of somatic embryogenesis, the characteristics evaluated being proliferation potential, average number of somatic embryos obtained per g/fresh weight, morphology of developed somatic embryos, metal uptake, and microanalysis of macro- and micronutrients uptake. Copper and arsenic at higher concentrations significantly reduced the growth of early somatic embryos. In almost all treatments, the cell line V-1-3 showed the best performance compared with the other lines tested. Environmental scanning electron microscopy was used to visualize and identify morphological abnormalities in the development of somatic embryos. Abnormalities observed were classified into several categories: meristemless somatic embryos, somatic embryos with disrupted meristem, reduced number of cotyledons, single cotyledon and fused cotyledons. With the application of a low temperature method for the environmental scanning electron microscope, samples were stabilized and whole meristems could be investigated in their native state. As far as we are aware, this is the first report of the effect of copper and arsenic during the process of somatic embryogenesis and the first to evaluate the content of macro and micronutrients uptake in Norway spruce. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

76 FR 67437 - Draft Aquatic Life Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Carbaryl-2011

Science.gov (United States)

2011-11-01

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [EPA-HQ-OW-2011-0787; FRL-9483-8] Draft Aquatic Life Ambient Water... National Water Quality Criteria for the Protection of Aquatic Organisms and Their Uses (1985), (EPA/R-85... authorized Tribes in adopting water quality standards for protecting aquatic life and human health. These...

Linking world scan and image

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Timmer, H.; Alcamo, J.; Bollen, J.; Gielen, A.; Gerlach, R.; Den Ouden, A.; Zuidema, G.

1995-01-01

In march 1994 the Central Planning Bureau (CPB) in the Hague, the National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection (RIVM) in Bilthoven and the Institute of Environmental Studies (IES) in Amsterdam started the first phase of a joint research program aimed at creating integrated scenarios of the global economy, GHG emissions, and climate impacts. The goal of the first phase of this project was to design and test a linked version of the economic model WORLD SCAN of the former, and the climate model IMAGE 2 of the latter institute. This first phase has resulted in the planned test runs with an operational version of the linked models by May 1995. The experiences in the first year were encouraging, both in the scientific and the organizational sense. In a sense, a link was made between scientific disciplines: a coupling of disciplines concerning with global economic development and the global physical climate system is difficult and novel. The goal of the project was to integrate long-term economic developments and effects of climate change. Both the WORLD SCAN model and IMAGE 2 provide a consistent analysis of the global system, but from different perspectives. IMAGE 2 simulates climate change and its effects in a global context but treats the economic system as exogenous. WORLD SCAN covers the world economic system in a consistent manner but does not take into account the global environment. The links are constructed in the area of agriculture and energy. The basic idea is that WORLD SCAN determines demand and supply on economic principles, while IMAGE 2 provides information on changes of land area and average quality of productive land, and other damage costs based on its three sub-systems. The demand for energy is fed into IMAGE 2's Energy Industry subsystem (EIS), which in turn determines emissions of greenhouse gases. Furthermore, some additional output from WORLD SCAN on activity levels, prices and capital structure can be used to determine

A high-flow humidograph for testing the water uptake by ambient aerosol

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ten Brink, H.M.; Khlystov, A.; Kos, G.P.A. [ECN Fuels Conversion and Environment, Petten (Netherlands); Tuch, T. [Institut of Medical Data Management, Biometrics and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Muenich (Germany); Roth, C.; Kreyling, W. [Institute for Inhalation Biology, GSF National Research Center for Environment and Health, Neuherberg/Muenich (Germany)

1999-10-01

A scanning humidograph, with an air flow rate of 0.5 m{sup 3} s{sup -1} was built to investigate the uptake of water and its effect on sizing, collection and light-scattering of ambient aerosol. The performance of the system was assessed with laboratory particles of ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate and sodium chloride which are the major hygroscopic components of ambient aerosol. The increase in size at the deliquescence points, which ideally is a stepwise function of relative humidity, occurs over a range of 3% RH units. This is shown to be an optimum value in a system of such large dimensions. Because of the strong temperature increase of the vapor pressure of ammonium nitrate, its evaporative loss was investigated as a function of heating/drying temperature. The loss of pure test aerosol, with a mass distribution similar to that in the ambient atmosphere, was found to be acceptable for drying temperatures of up to 40C. The sizing of deliquesced aerosol by LAS-X monitors was tested and found to be a complex function of RH. In Berner low pressure impactors growth of hygroscopic aerosol was not observed, not even at an RH approaching saturation. 21 refs.

Brassinosteroid signaling-dependent root responses to prolonged elevated ambient temperature.

Science.gov (United States)

Martins, Sara; Montiel-Jorda, Alvaro; Cayrel, Anne; Huguet, Stéphanie; Roux, Christine Paysant-Le; Ljung, Karin; Vert, Grégory

2017-08-21

Due to their sessile nature, plants have to cope with and adjust to their fluctuating environment. Temperature elevation stimulates the growth of Arabidopsis aerial parts. This process is mediated by increased biosynthesis of the growth-promoting hormone auxin. How plant roots respond to elevated ambient temperature is however still elusive. Here we present strong evidence that temperature elevation impinges on brassinosteroid hormone signaling to alter root growth. We show that elevated temperature leads to increased root elongation, independently of auxin or factors known to drive temperature-mediated shoot growth. We further demonstrate that brassinosteroid signaling regulates root responses to elevated ambient temperature. Increased growth temperature specifically impacts on the level of the brassinosteroid receptor BRI1 to downregulate brassinosteroid signaling and mediate root elongation. Our results establish that BRI1 integrates temperature and brassinosteroid signaling to regulate root growth upon long-term changes in environmental conditions associated with global warming.Moderate heat stimulates the growth of Arabidopsis shoots in an auxin-dependent manner. Here, Martins et al. show that elevated ambient temperature modifies root growth by reducing the BRI1 brassinosteroid-receptor protein level and downregulating brassinosteroid signaling.

Local Agenda 21 as a environmental social responsibility tool: an example of 'De olho no Ambiente' program; A Agenda 21 local como ferramenta de RSA (Responsabilidade Social Ambiental): o exemplo do Programa 'De olho no ambiente' em comunidades amazonicas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cunha, Edson R.S.P. da [PETROBRAS S.A., Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Centro de Pesquisas (CENPES)], e-mail: ercunha@petrobras.com.br; Ferreira, Tatiana de S.F.; Santana, Jose Luiz [Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, (UFRJ), RJ (Brazil). Inst. de Geociencias], e-mail: tatidesa@hotmail.com, e-mail: jl.santana@uol.com.br; Rocco, Roberto W; Beniz, Gabriel A. [ONG ASA - Associacao de Servicos Ambientais(Brazil)], e-mail: rwrocco@gmail.com, e-mail: gbeniz@hotmail.com; Carvalho, Nelson Cabral de [PETROBRAS S.A., Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)], e-mail: nelsoncabral@petrobras.com.br

2008-07-01

This work presents the Agenda 21 Local construction process developed by PETROBRAS within the context of the 'De Olho no Ambiente' Program. This is an alternative for the sustainable development of reduced social inclusion communities located in the Company's areas of influence in the Amazon Region. Agenda 21 is a participative process that analyzes a country, state, municipal or community's actual situation, and plans its sustainable future. Its objective is to reach a new development paradigm, through the construction of an action plan focused on a future scenario desired by the local community, which takes into consideration the vulnerability and potential analysis of its socio-economical, cultural and environmental bases. PETROBRAS has introduced Agenda 21 Local in three riverside communities located in the Coari municipal, where the Solimoes Terminal (TESOL) is situated. This terminal receives and stores petroleum and gas from the Urucu Petroliferous Province, in the Amazonian State. In each location partnerships were signed with several governmental and civilian institutions during the implementation of the Agenda 21 Local Forum. Here each participant has the right to debate, which makes this a participative management process mechanism and an act of citizenship. (author)

The surface topography of the choroid plexus. Environmental, low and high vacuum scanning electron microscopy.

Science.gov (United States)

Mestres, Pedro; Pütz, Norbert; Garcia Gómez de Las Heras, Soledad; García Poblete, Eduardo; Morguet, Andrea; Laue, Michael

2011-05-01

Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) allows the examination of hydrated and dried specimens without a conductive metal coating which could be advantageous in the imaging of biological and medical objects. The aim of this study was to assess the performance and benefits of wet-mode and low vacuum ESEM in comparison to high vacuum scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using the choroid plexus of chicken embryos as a model, an organ of the brain involved in the formation of cerebrospinal fluid in vertebrates. Specimens were fixed with or without heavy metals and examined directly or after critical point drying with or without metal coating. For wet mode ESEM freshly excised specimens without any pre-treatment were also examined. Conventional high vacuum SEM revealed the characteristic morphology of the choroid plexus cells at a high resolution and served as reference. With low vacuum ESEM of dried but uncoated samples the structure appeared well preserved but charging was a problem. It could be reduced by a short beam dwell time and averaging of images or by using the backscattered electron detector instead of the gaseous secondary electron detector. However, resolution was lower than with conventional SEM. Wet mode imaging was only possible with tissue that had been stabilized by fixation. Not all surface details (e.g. microvilli) could be visualized and other structures, like the cilia, were deformed. In summary, ESEM is an additional option for the imaging of bio-medical samples but it is problematic with regard to resolution and sample stability during imaging. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Fast and direct measurements of the electrical properties of graphene using micro four-point probes

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Klarskov, Mikkel Buster; Dam, Henrik Friis; Petersen, Dirch Hjorth

2011-01-01

. Measurements are performed in ambient, vacuum and controlled environmental conditions using an environmental scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results are comparable to previous results for microcleaved graphene on silicon dioxide (SiO2). We observe a pronounced hysteresis of the charge neutrality point...

UMA PROPOSTA INTERDISCIPLINAR DE EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL A PARTIR DO TEMA ÁGUA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Taisa Layane Salazar Querioz

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Resumo: A educação ambiental se constitui numa ferramenta poderosa de apoio à preservação da qualidade de água pura para as futuras gerações. Desta forma, a inserção de temas ambientais nas atividades pedagógicas deve ter como objetivo principal a formação do cidadão crítico, participativo e ecologicamente consciente. O presente trabalho objetivou a inserção da educação ambiental em uma escola municipal de ensino fundamental da cidade de Codó/Maranhão-Brasil tendo como tema gerador a água, desenvolvendo tópicos relacionados à educação e preservação ambiental. A metodologia aplicada se constituiu de análise, planejamento, construção, ensaio e implementação no âmbito escolar, por meio de atividades cooperativas interdisciplinares, de ações de fomento da educação ambiental, a partir da temática água, levando em consideração o contexto local. Foi baseada na indissociabilidade do tripé ensino-pesquisa-extensão. De forma geral, os licenciandos foram bem aceitos no ambiente escolar, e rapidamente fizeram parte do cotidiano dos alunos, o que evidencia a boa aceitação do projeto na escola, nesta etapa inicial do projeto. Após a inserção no ambiente escolar e durante o período de observação foi diagnosticada uma situação problema bastante relevante na escola, o lixo escolar, visto que o lixo sólido também impacta na concepção da qualidade da água, uma vez que o destino final deste material pode ser o próprio rio da cidade. Observou-se que o conjunto de trabalhos realizados com os alunos, além de gerar discussão e divulgação científica, suscitou uma série de atitudes no âmbito ambiental, o que já proporciona contribuições significativas aos alunos do ensino fundamental da escola Municipal Remy Archer da cidade de Codó – Maranhão, principalmente em relação às suas formações como cidadãos e sujeitos ecológicos. Palavras-chave: Qualidade da água, Ensino fundamental, Projetos

Perfil ambiental qualitativo da extração de areia em cursos d'água Qualitative environmental profile of sand extraction from water courses

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leandro Camillo de Lelles

2005-06-01

Full Text Available As atividades de extração de areia são de grande importância para o desenvolvimento social, mas igualmente responsáveis por impactos ambientais negativos, alguns inclusive irreversíveis. Nesse sentido, este trabalho teve como objetivo central avaliar qualitativamente os impactos ambientais decorrentes desse tipo de empreendimento. A identificação e caracterização qualitativa dos impactos ambientais foram feitas, utilizando-se o método do ";check-list";. Os resultados por meio do método do ";check-list"; possibilitaram identificar 49 impactos, sendo 36 negativos (73,47% e 13 positivos (26,53%. A principal conclusão é a de que este estudo pode ser utilizado como referencial teórico para subsidiar o processo de licenciamento ambiental desse tipo de empreendimento.Sand extraction activities are of great importance for social development, however they are also responsible for negative and sometimes irreversible environmental impacts. In this context, this study aimed mainly at the qualitative evaluation of environmental impacts entailed by this kind of enterprise. The check-list method was used for the identification and qualitative characterization of environmental impacts. A number of 49 impacts were identified by the obtained results, 36 of which were negative (73,47%, and 13 positive (26,53%. The most important conclusion was that this study can serve as a theoretical reference to support the process of environmental licensing of projects in these types of enterprises.

Pedagogía ambiental y didáctica ambiental: tendencias en la educación superior

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Julio César Tovar-Gálvez

2017-01-01

Full Text Available El artículo aborda el problema del currículo de educación ambiental en la educación superior, para lo que se centra en los conceptos pedagogía ambiental y didáctica ambiental. La metodología consiste en realizar un estado del arte para identificar las tendencias existentes sobre pedagogía ambiental y didáctica ambiental, para desde allí diseñar una encuesta que es dirigida a profesores y estudiantes de programas con formación en lo ambiental, de algunas universidades en Bogotá, con el objetivo de identificar sus opiniones como expertos en lo ambiental. Los resultados muestran un especial énfasis en las tendencias sobre la complejidad, pero así mismo plantean la posibilidad de múltiples modelos según los contextos y necesidades.

Alterations in MAST suit pressure with changes in ambient temperature.

Science.gov (United States)

Sanders, A B; Meislin, H W; Daub, E

1983-01-01

A study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that change in ambient air temperature has an effect on MAST suit pressure according to the ideal gas law. Two different MAST suits were tested on Resusci-Annie dummies. The MAST suits were applied in a cold room at 4.4 degrees C and warmed to 44 degrees C. Positive linear correlations were found in nine trials, but the two suits differed in their rate of increase in pressure. Three trials using humans were conducted showing increased pressure with temperature but at a lesser rate than with dummies. A correlation of 0.5 to 1.0 mm Hg increase in MAST suit pressure for each 1.0 degrees C increase in ambient temperature was found. Implications are discussed for the use of the MAST suit in environmental conditions where the temperature changes.

Environmental Report 2009

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gallegos, Gretchen M. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Bertoldo, Nicholas A. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Campbell, Christopher G. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Cerruti, Steven [Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Coty, Jessie [Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Dibley, Valerie [Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Domain, Jennifer L. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Grayson, Allen R. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Jones, Henry E. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Kumamoto, Gene [Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); MacQueen, Donald H. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Nelson, Jennifer C. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Paterson, Lisa [Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Revelli, Michael A. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Wegrecki, Anthony M. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Wilson, Kent [Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Woollett, Jim [Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

2010-09-22

The purposes of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Environmental Report 2009 are to record Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory’s (LLNL’s) compliance with environmental standards and requirements, describe LLNL’s environmental protection and remediation programs, and present the results of environmental monitoring at the two LLNL sites—the Livermore site and Site 300. The report is prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) by LLNL’s Environmental Protection Department. Submittal of the report satisfies requirements under DOE Order 231.1A, Environmental Safety and Health Reporting, and DOE Order 5400.5, Radiation Protection of the Public and Environment. The report is distributed electronically and is available at https://saer.lln.gov/, the website for the LLNL annual environmental report. Previous LLNL annual environmental reports beginning in 1994 are also on the website. Some references in the electronic report text are underlined, which indicates that they are clickable links. Clicking on one of these links will open the related document, data workbook, or website that it refers to. The report begins with an executive summary, which provides the purpose of the report and an overview of LLNL’s compliance and monitoring results. The first three chapters provide background information: Chapter 1 is an overview of the location, meteorology, and hydrogeology of the two LLNL sites; Chapter 2 is a summary of LLNL’s compliance with environmental regulations; and Chapter 3 is a description of LLNL’s environmental programs with an emphasis on the Environmental Management System including pollution prevention. The majority of the report covers LLNL’s environmental monitoring programs and monitoring data for 2009: effluent and ambient air (Chapter 4); waters, including wastewater, storm water runoff, surface water, rain, and groundwater (Chapter 5); and terrestrial, including soil, sediment, vegetation, foodstuff, ambient radiation, and

Ambient air monitoring to support HLW repository site characterization

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fransioli, P.M.; Dixon, W.R.

1993-01-01

Site characterization at the Yucca Mountain site includes an ambient air quality and meteorological monitoring program to provide information for environmental and site characterization issues. The program is designed to provide data for four basic purposes: Atmospheric dispersion calculations to estimate impacts of possible airborne releases of radiological material; Engineering design and extreme weather event characterization; Local climate studies for environmental impact analyses and climate characterization; and, Air quality permits required for site characterization work. The program is compiling a database that will provide the basis for analyses and reporting related to the purposes of the program. Except for reporting particulate matter and limited meteorological data to the State of Nevada for an air quality permit condition, the data have yet to be formally analyzed and reported

POLÍTICA PÚBLICA AMBIENTAL Y AMBIENTE EN EL VALLE DEL CAUCA, 1991-2010

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Álvaro Quiceno Martínez

2010-01-01

Full Text Available La política pública ambiental en el Valle del Cauca, a partir de 1991, va en contravía de la conservación ambiental al enfatizar en el crecimiento económico, la generación de plusvalía y la ampliación de la tasa de ganancia. Para la realización de esta investigación se adoptó como herramienta metodológica la revisión bibliográfica. Se halló que la política pública ambiental en el Valle se ha orientado a subsidiar monetaria, ecológica, ambiental y socialmente al sector cañicultor. Se concluye que dicha política ha contribuido al desequilibrio ecológico y al deterioro ambiental.

Ambiente e justiça: sobre a utilidade do conceito de racismo ambiental no contexto brasileiro

OpenAIRE

Silva, Lays Helena Paes e

2013-01-01

A ideia de crise ambiental suscita discussões a respeito de distintas concepções de natureza e de ambiente e das disputas simbólicas e materiais neste meio. Uma concepção que toma sociedade e ambiente como pares inseparáveis levou à emergência, nos Estados Unidos, de movimentos que introduziram conceitos como justiça ambiental e racismo ambiental. No Brasil, surgiram movimentos e estudos focados nas mesmas bandeiras de luta e nos mesmos conceitos. Considerando as especificidades do racismo no...

Diffraction-unlimited optical imaging of unstained living cells in liquid by electron beam scanning of luminescent environmental cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Miyazaki, Hideki T; Kasaya, Takeshi; Takemura, Taro; Hanagata, Nobutaka; Yasuda, Takeshi; Miyazaki, Hiroshi

2013-11-18

An environmental cell with a 50-nm-thick cathodoluminescent window was attached to a scanning electron microscope, and diffraction-unlimited near-field optical imaging of unstained living human lung epithelial cells in liquid was demonstrated. Electrons with energies as low as 0.8 - 1.2 kV are sufficiently blocked by the window without damaging the specimens, and form a sub-wavelength-sized illumination light source. A super-resolved optical image of the specimen adhered to the opposite window surface was acquired by a photomultiplier tube placed below. The cells after the observation were proved to stay alive. The image was formed by enhanced dipole radiation or energy transfer, and features as small as 62 nm were resolved.

TEORIAS ORGANIZACIONAIS E O DILEMA AMBIENTAL: UM TRATAMENTO PARA A MUDANÇA ORGANIZACIONAL? [doi: 10.5329/RECADM.20050402007

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cleber J. C. Dutra

2005-11-01

Full Text Available Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Resumo Este é um ensaio reflexivo dirigido à análise de limitações de Teorias Organizacionais na abordagem da temática ambiental.  Propõe-se um dilema hipotético como exercício de análise, objetivando destacar inconsistências entre os enfoques das teorias para caracterizar o  "ambiente".  As limitações podem refletir-se como problemas para integração de múltiplas visões parciais do ambiente, gerando interações deficientes entre os envolvidos com as questões ambientais.  Ao destacar fundamentos relacionais importantes para a gestão, são dedicadas considerações quanto ao uso alternativo de propostas conceituais ainda não devidamente dedicadas ao assunto, como o caso das teorias da Mudança Organizacional.  Uma revisão dos artigos publicados com enfoque ambiental nos EnANPADs entre 1997 e 2004 confirma o caráter inédito desta alternativa de abordagem.   Palavras-chave: Gestão  Ambiental;  Mudança Organizacional;  Teorias Organizacionais.   Abstract This is a reflexive essay addressed to the analysis of the limitations of Organisational Theories on approaching environmental subjects.  It proposes a hypothetical dilemma as an analytical exercise, intending to highlight inconsistencies among the approaches of Theories when defining  “the environment”.   The limitations can render the integration of multiple partial visions of the environment highly problematic, resulting in deficient interactions between people involved in environmental issues.  Discussing valuable relational fundamentals to the managerial praxis, the essay evaluates the alternative use of conceptual propositions still not applied to the subject, such as the theories on Organisational Change.   To support this claim of originality in the approach, the essay presents results of a review of EnANPAD papers published on environmental issues from 1997 to 2004. �

Environmental impact of the programs of substitution of room type air conditioning equipment; Impacto ambiental de los programas de sustitucion de equipos de aire tipo cuarto

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Alarcon Aleman, Jose Mauricio [OLADE, Quito (Ecuador)

2002-09-01

The present article approaches in a general way the relation that exists between the environment and the saving of electrical energy, especially in the Programs of Demand Side Management (DSM). In particular form the potential environmental impacts are described, derived of the use and the discard of the room type air conditioning equipment, goes deep into the characteristics of their cooling fluids, as well as in the relation that these keep with the protocols of Montreal and Kyoto. Finally, this article comments the incidence which have, the manufacturers as the institutions that implement DSM programs, on the environmental part of the programs of substitution of room type air conditioning equipment. In addition it is briefly described, the pilot program developed by Fideicomiso para el Ahorro de Energia Electrica (FIDE) as a successful case. [Spanish] En forma general, el presente articulo aborda la relacion que existe entre el medio ambiente y el ahorro de energia electrica, especialmente en los Programas de Administracion por el Lado de la Demanda (ALD). En forma particular se describen los impactos ambientales potenciales, derivados del uso y desecho de los equipos de aire acondicionado tipo cuarto, se ahonda en las caracteristicas de sus refrigerantes, asi como en la relacion que estos guardan con los protocolos de Montreal y Kioto. Finalmente, se comenta la incidencia que tienen, tanto los fabricantes como las instituciones que implementan programas de ALD, sobre la parte ambiental de los programas de sustitucion de equipos de aire acondicionado tipo cuarto. Ademas se describe brevemente, el programa piloto desarrollado por el Fideicomiso para el Ahorro de Energia Electrica (FIDE) como un caso exitoso.

Contabilidade ambiental: um estudo sobre sua aplicabilidade em empresas Brasileiras

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adalto de Oliveira Santos

2001-12-01

Full Text Available A globalização da economia e a conscientização da sociedade estão forçando, atualmente, as empresas a adotarem uma postura responsável perante o meio ambiente, isto é, produzir sem agressão à natu-reza.Para isto elas estão implantando um Sistema de Gestão Ambiental de acordo com as normas da série ISO 14000. Fazer este gerenciamento exige a aplicação de um considerável montante de recursos financeiros, devendo-se ter constante preocupação em controlá-los. En-tende-se que a contabilidade é uma das ferramentas mais eficientes e eficazes para este processo. Observa-se, no entanto, que poucas empresas, no Brasil, utilizam a contabilidade na sua gestão ambiental. Portanto, o principal objetivo da realização deste estudo é verificar qual o grau de desenvolvimento da Contabilidade Ambiental nas empresas brasileiras. Após uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema, foi elaborada uma pesquisa de campo que consistiu no envio de um questionário aos departamentos de contabilidade de indústrias potencialmente poluidoras. O universo compreendeu as empresas listadas no guia "As 500 maiores empresas do Brasil", edição 2000, da revista Exame; e a amostra foi de 50 empresas cujo faturamento, em 2000, ultrapassou US$ 50 bilhões.The globalization of the economy and the awareness of the society are forcing, currently, the companies to adopt a responsible position before the environment, that is, to produce without aggression the nature. For this they are implanting a System of Environmental Management in accordance with the norms of series ISO 14000. To make this management demands the application of a considerable sum of financial features, having itself to have constant preoccupation in controlling them. One understands that the accounting is one of the efficient tools most for this process. It is observed, however, that few companies, in Brazil, use the accounting in its environmental management. Therefore, the main objective of the

Measurement of stray radiation within a scanning proton therapy facility: EURADOS WG9 intercomparison exercise of active dosimetry systems

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Farah, J.; Mares, V.; Romero-Exposito, M.; Trinkl, S.; Domingo, C.; Dufek, V.; Klodowska, M.; Kubančák, Ján; Knezevic, Z.; Ploc, Ondřej

2015-01-01

Roč. 42, č. 5 (2015), s. 2572-2584 ISSN 0094-2405 Institutional support: RVO:61389005 Keywords : scanning proton therapy * measurement of stray neutrons * spectrometry * ambient dose eyuivalent * intercomparison Subject RIV: BG - Nuclear, Atomic and Molecular Physics, Colliders Impact factor: 2.496, year: 2015

Sistema de controle interno ambiental: estudo realizado em um hospital público = System of internal control environment: study done in a public hospital

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Danúbia Vegini

2012-05-01

Full Text Available As preocupações com o meio ambiente estão assumindo proporções cada vez maiores, em decorrência dos desequilíbrios gerados pelos homens na natureza. Com isso, a administração pública está adotando políticas mais específicas e concretas, responsabilizando os agentes pelos seus atos. Como meio de garantir resultados positivos para o meio ambiente, as instituições passaram a adotar ações de controles internos, de gestão ambiental, e sistemas de gestão ambiental. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a sustentabilidade ambiental através da aplicação parcial do SICOGEA – geração 2. A metodologia adotada é descritiva e exploratória em relação aos objetivos; quanto aos procedimentos adota-se pesquisa bibliográfica e análise dos resultados, este aplicado em um hospital público utilizando-se de uma entrevista semi-estruturada. A trajetória metodológica divide-se em três fases; sendo, a primeira fundamentação teórica onde são estudados os temas: sistema de controles internos, gestão e certificação ambiental, controladoria, auditoria, contabilidade ambiental, sistema de gestão ambiental e resíduos hospitalares. A segunda fase abrange a análise dos resultados, onde primeiramente fez-se um breve histórico da instituição pesquisada, após realiza-se as entrevistas com base na lista de verificação; e finalmente a terceira fase apresenta o diagnóstico dos resultados, a sustentabilidade parcial e total, bem como o planejamento 5W2H. Assim, em decorrência da pesquisa alcançou-se uma sustentabilidade global da instituição em 2011 de 61,01%, a organização é classificada com resultado “Bom” conforme tabela de avaliação da sustentabilidade e desempenho ambiental, tendo uma queda de 4,45% em relação ao exercício anterior.Concerns about the environment are taking greater and greater, due to the imbalances created by man in nature. With this, the government is adopting policies that are more specific

Ambient assisted living platform for remote monitoring of bedridden people

OpenAIRE

Pereira, F.; Barros, C.; Carvalho, V.; Machado, José; Leão, Celina Pinto; Soares, Filomena; Bezerra, K.; Matos, Demétrio Ferreira

2015-01-01

The aim of this paper is to present a platform for remote monitoring of bedridden people developed in the context of Ambient Assisted Living (AAL). This platform, Medical Care Terminal (MCT), includes the measurement of biomedical data (body temperature, galvanic skin resistance, electrocardiogram and electromyogram, level of oxygen, body position and breathing) as well environmental data (level of alcohol in the air, carbon monoxide level in the air, brightness and temperature). It presents ...

Scanning the business external environment for information: evidence from Greece

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L. Kourteli

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Introduction. This paper examines the business external environment scanning theory for information in the context of Greece. Method. A questionnaire was developed to explore the relationships between general and task business environment, perceived uncertainty, scanning strategy, and sources of information with respect to type of environment, size and industry.The research was based on a sample of 144 private organizations operating in North Greece. Analysis. Data collected were analysed using SPSS. The statistical procedures of chi-squared homogeneity test, ANOVA, Duncan's test of homogeneity of means, and related samples t-test were followed for testing the hypotheses developed. Results. The results show that perceived uncertainty of the general and task business external environment factors depend on the type of the environment, size of organization, and industry where the organizations operate; organizations adapt their scanning strategy to the complexity of the environment; personal sources of information seem to be more important than impersonal sources; external sources of information are equally important with internal sources; and higher levels of environmental uncertainty are associated with higher levels of scanning the various sources. Conclusion. Business external environment scanning of information is influenced by the characteristics of the organizations themselves and by the characteristics of the external environment within which the organizations operate. The study contributes to both environmental scanning theory and has important messages for practitioners.

75 FR 81477 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Virginia; Amendments to Ambient...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-12-28

... Abatement of Air Pollution: 9VAC5 Chapter 30--Ambient Air Quality Standards incorporates the annual and 24... Commonwealth and takes prompt and appropriate measures to remedy the violations. Virginia's Voluntary... CFR Part 52 Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Incorporation by reference, Nitrogen...

Evaluation of digital dental models obtained from dental cone-beam computed tomography scan of alginate impressions

Science.gov (United States)

Jiang, Tingting; Lee, Sang-Mi; Hou, Yanan; Chang, Xin

2016-01-01

Objective To investigate the dimensional accuracy of digital dental models obtained from the dental cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan of alginate impressions according to the time elapse when the impressions are stored under ambient conditions. Methods Alginate impressions were obtained from 20 adults using 3 different alginate materials, 2 traditional alginate materials (Alginoplast and Cavex Impressional) and 1 extended-pour alginate material (Cavex ColorChange). The impressions were stored under ambient conditions, and scanned by CBCT immediately after the impressions were taken, and then at 1 hour intervals for 6 hours. After reconstructing three-dimensional digital dental models, the models were measured and the data were analyzed to determine dimensional changes according to the elapsed time. The changes within the measurement error were regarded as clinically acceptable in this study. Results All measurements showed a decreasing tendency with an increase in the elapsed time after the impressions. Although the extended-pour alginate exhibited a less decreasing tendency than the other 2 materials, there were no statistically significant differences between the materials. Changes above the measurement error occurred between the time points of 3 and 4 hours after the impressions. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that digital dental models can be obtained simply from a CBCT scan of alginate impressions without sending them to a remote laboratory. However, when the impressions are not stored under special conditions, they should be scanned immediately, or at least within 2 to 3 hours after the impressions are taken. PMID:27226958

Maternal and ambient environmental effects of light on germination in Plantago lanceolata: correlated responses to selection on leaf length

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hinsberg, A. van

1998-01-01

1. Seeds from artificial selection lines were exposed to different maternal and ambient conditions, simulating sunlight and vegetation shade. 2. Lines selected for longer leaves also produced larger seeds, indicating a positive genetic correlation between leaf length and seed size. 3. Light conditions during maturation had no large effect on seed size. 4. Seed germination was reduced by a low ratio of red to far-red light (R/FR ratio) in the ambient environment. 5. Seeds maturated under simulated vegetation shade germinated less readily and were more inhibited by a low ambient R/FR ratio than seeds maturated under full sunlight or R/FR-neutral shade. Thus, low R/FR-ratios in the maternal and ambient environment operated synergistically. 6. Large genotypic variation in the germination responses to both maternal and ambient light conditions was found among and within selection lines, indicating that such responses might have the potential to evolve in response to natural selection. 7. Artificial selection for leaf length had affected seed germination characteristics but correlated responses and thus genetic correlations largely depended on light conditions in the selective environment. Selection for longer leaves under a low R/FR ratio increased seed dormancy and plasticity of germination in response to the R/FR ratio. However, in the opposite selective environment selection for longer leaves reduced seed dormancy and plasticity to the R/FR ratio. It is argued that leaf length and seed germination characteristics are somehow linked by shared physiological mechanisms, which may facilitate concerted changes in shade avoidance responses

Caso práctico de evaluación de impacto ambiental de carreteras: variante de Borriol (Castellón

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Domínguez González, María Luisa

1996-04-01

Full Text Available In all the Spanish administrations, not only the central but also the authonomical ones, the Environmental Impact Assessment process has some stages. In this article all this stages are described on the case of the new route of an existing road, the bypass of the C-238 road at Borriol, Castellón, whose owner is the Generalitat Valenciana. This is one of the most recent processes of Environmental Impact Assessment at this Authonomical Administration. First of all, the most important aspects of the Environmental Impact Study are shown; this Study is included, as an Anexe Document, in the Basic Project "Highway between Castellón and La Pobla Tornesa (C-238. South Borriol - North La Pobla Tornesa", November 1993. On July 1994, this Project passed the Public Information process. On October the 21^st, 1994, the Direcció General de Qualitat Ambiental of the Consellería de Medi Ambient of the Generalitat Valenciana edited the Environmental Impact Declaration about the Project. In this article, the almost total equality between the corrective measures it obliges to and the ones proposed in the Environmental Impact Study are exposed. Nowadays, the Constructive Project "Bypass of Borriol of the C-238 (Castellón", has been approved by the authorities, and the works will start soon. This works include the impact corrective measures, which are explained as the conclusion of this work.

En las administraciones españolas, tanto en la central como en las autonómicas, el proceso de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental comprende varias fases. En este artículo se describen todas ellas para el caso de una variante de carretera, la Variante de la C-238 a su paso por Borriol (Castellón, cuya titularidad corresponde a la Generalitat Valenciana. Se trata de uno de los procesos de Evaluación de Impacto más reciente de esta Administración Autonómica. En primer lugar se exponen los puntos más destacados del Estudio de Impacto Ambiental

Sustainable development, corporate social responsibility and environmental education in organizational innovation context: revisited concepts Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Responsabilidade Social Corporativa e Educação Ambiental em contexto de inovação organizacional: conceitos revisitados

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Lilian Caporlingua Giesta

2013-03-01

Full Text Available The disciplinary field of Business Administration follows the organizations innovations and discusses that with sustainable development as a strategic focus and Corporate Social Responsibility, among other issues. However, a gap has been found when considering communication and attempt to mobilize the members that are part of the socio-environmental management process in the company. This gap is identified because there is no extensive dialogue between the organizational context and Environmental Education worked in a consolidated form in the disciplinary field of Education. Thus, this paper seeks to revisit theoretical concepts and theoretical approaches to innovation, Social Responsibility, Sustainable Development as organizational strategy and Environmental Education. The discussion indicates that the integration of Environmental Education, Sustainable Development and Social Responsibility in innovative organizations is important, especially because of the little interaction between these areas of knowledge.DOI: 10.5902/198346597654O campo disciplinar da Administração acompanha as inovações das organizações, discutindo, entre outros assuntos, o Desenvolvimento Sustentável como foco estratégico e a Responsabilidade Social Corporativa. No entanto, percebe-se uma lacuna quando se consideram a comunicação e a tentativa de mobilização dos membros que fazem parte desse processo na empresa, pois não há amplo diálogo entre o contexto organizacional e a Educação Ambiental trabalhada, de forma consolidada, no campo disciplinar da Educação. Assim, o presente ensaio teórico busca revisitar conceitos e abordagens teóricas sobre inovação, Responsabilidade Social, Desenvolvimento Sustentável como estratégia organizacional e Educação Ambiental. O debate indica que a integração entre Educação Ambiental, Desenvolvimento Sustentável e Responsabilidade Social, nas organizações inovadoras, é relevante, principalmente pela pouca

Determinación de la sostenibilidad de la industria mineral de la cerámica y del vidrio mediante herramientas de gestión ambiental

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Espí Rodriguez, J. A.

2011-06-01

Full Text Available In the last few years we have seen the creation of an everyday larger and varied series of are creating large and varied series of environmental management tools used to analyze and classify environmentally each mineral and its physical, economic and environmental circumstances. Thus we now, count with the Material Flow Analysis (MFA of a mining operation, the Life Cycle Analysis (LCA, Energy and Exergy Analysis, Cost Benefit Environmental Analysis, Carbon Footprints, the Best Available Technology (BTA and many others able to analyze and classify ore deposit site types, availability of resources, environmental impact conditions, transparency in communication and almost all crucial aspects related with the environmental geometry of the mining production process. This paper focuses on the application of some management tools that best fit to the minerals used in the ceramic and glass industry.

Desde hace años se han ido creando una cada vez más numerosa y variada serie de herramientas de gestión ambiental que permiten analizar y calificar ambientalmente cada sustancia mineral y sus condiciones de contorno físico, económico y ambiental. Así, se cuenta con el Análisis de Flujo de Materia (FMA de una operación minera , el Análisis del Ciclo de Vida (LCA, el Análisis Energético o Exergético, el Análisis Coste Beneficio Ambiental, los Perfiles de Carbono, la Mejor Tecnología Disponible (MTD y un enorme etcétera que, en el caso de la minería, analizan y clasifican tipologías de yacimiento, disponibilidad de recursos, condiciones de afección ambiental, transparencia en la comunicación y casi todos los aspectos que configuran la geometría ambiental del proceso productivo. El trabajo expone la aplicación de las herramientas de gestión que mejor se acoplan a los minerales de interés en la industria cerámica y del vidrio.

Diagnóstico ambiental qualitativo no “lixão” da cidade de Pombal, Paraíba

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Naiara Angelo Gomes

2017-02-01

Full Text Available A destinação ambientalmente inadequada de resíduos sólidos urbanos provoca diversos impactos negativos no meio ambiente, especialmente nos componentes ambientais: solo, água e ar atmosférico. Neste sentido, para que esses efeitos adversos sejam identificados, é necessário conhecer as características do ambiente na área em questão. Neste estudo, objetivou-se a elaboração de um diagnóstico ambiental qualitativo dos meios físico, biótico e antrópico da área do lixão da cidade de Pombal, Estado da Paraíba. A metodologia utilizada teve por base consultas a órgãos públicos, pesquisas bibliográficas, visitas de campo e fotodocumentação. De acordo com os resultados, verificou-se a ocorrência de várias alterações ambientais adversas significativas nos meios físico, biótico e antrópico, típicas da destinação ambientalmente inadequada de resíduos sólidos em “depósitos” a céu aberto, o que tem resultado em uma degradação ambiental local e acarretado danos sociais, sanitários e ecológicos para o município.Qualitative Environmental diagnosis in the “dumpsite” of city Pombal, ParaíbaAbstract: Environmentally inadequate disposal of municipal solid waste causes many negative impacts on the environment, especially in the environmental components: soil, water and atmospheric air. Then, for these adverse effects were identified, it is necessary to know the characteristics of the environment in the area in question. This study aims to develop a qualitative environmental diagnosis of the physical, biotic and anthropic environment of the dumpsite of Pombal in state of Paraíba, Brazil. The methodology used in the study was based on consultations in government agencies, bibliographic research, field visits and photo documentation. According to the results, it were noted the occurrence of a number of significant adverse environmental changes in the physical, biotic and anthropic environment, typical of solid waste

Benefícios e custos ambientais gerados com edificações sustentáveis: uma ferramenta para análise de viabilidade financeira ambiental = Benefits and environmental costs generated with sustainable buildings: a tool for environmental financial viability analysis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Stephane Louise Bocasanta

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Devido ao crescimento tecnológico e industrial, a demanda por recursos naturais tem sido elevada, especialmente pelo setor da construção civil, responsável por consideráveis volumes de resíduos. Por outro lado, a adoção de práticas sustentáveis na construção civil requer viabilidade financeira. Nesse contexto, a pesquisa tem como objetivo propor uma ferramenta para gerenciar os benefícios e custos ambientais gerados com as construções sustentáveis. Para propor a ferramenta foi utilizado como base principalmente a terceira fase da terceira etapa do Sistema Contábil Gerencial Ambiental (SICOGEA, adaptando para construções sustentáveis, conforme a literatura do tema. Quanto ao enquadramento metodológico, considera-se esta pesquisa descritiva, bibliográfica e qualitativa. Ao final, conclui-se que a resposta para a problemática da pesquisa foi positiva, uma vez que se apresentou uma ferramenta que auxilia na gestão de construções sustentáveis, a fim de verificar o quanto de benefícios e custos ambientais determinado projeto traz, além de auxiliar na análise da viabilidade financeira e ambiental do projeto, verificando se o mesmo deve ser aceito, revisado ou rejeitado. Due to technological and industrial growth, the demand for natural resources has been high, especially for the construction sector, accounting for considerable volumes of waste. However, the adoption of sustainable practices in the construction industry requires financial viability. In this context, the research aims to propose a tool for managing the environmental benefits and costs generated with sustainable buildings. To propose the tool, especially the third phase of the third stage of the Accounting Environmental Management System (SICOGEA has been used as a base, adapting to sustainable construction, as the theme of literature. Regarding the methodological framework, we consider this research as descriptive, bibliographical and qualitative. Finally

Visualising reacting single atoms under controlled conditions: Advances in atomic resolution in situ Environmental (Scanning) Transmission Electron Microscopy (E(S)TEM)

Science.gov (United States)

Boyes, Edward D.; Gai, Pratibha L.

2014-02-01

Advances in atomic resolution Environmental (Scanning) Transmission Electron Microscopy (E(S)TEM) for probing gas-solid catalyst reactions in situ at the atomic level under controlled reaction conditions of gas environment and temperature are described. The recent development of the ESTEM extends the capability of the ETEM by providing the direct visualisation of single atoms and the atomic structure of selected solid state heterogeneous catalysts in their working states in real-time. Atomic resolution E(S)TEM provides a deeper understanding of the dynamic atomic processes at the surface of solids and their mechanisms of operation. The benefits of atomic resolution-E(S)TEM to science and technology include new knowledge leading to improved technological processes with substantial economic benefits, improved healthcare, reductions in energy needs and the management of environmental waste generation. xml:lang="fr"

Environmental management through a gasoline tax

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Arredondo, Paola; Contreras, Hugo [Secretaria del Medio Ambiente, Recursos Naturales y Pesca (SEMARNAP) (Mexico)

1997-07-01

Despite rapid progress in environmental administration in Mexico, results have not been enough. Air pollution levels in major cities are still hazardous. In particular, pollution levels in Mexico City surpass permitted levels frequency. For those reasons it is important to identify policy alternatives which will enable an improvement in environmental quality, at the least possible cost to society. [Spanish] A pesar del rapido progreso del control ambiental en Mexico, los resultados no han sido suficientes. Los niveles de contaminacion del aire en las principales ciudades son aun peligrosos. Particularmente los niveles de contaminacion en la Ciudad de Mexico sobrepasan la frecuencia de los niveles permitidos. Por esas razones es importante identificar las alternativas politicas que permitiran un mejoramiento de la calidad del ambiente, al menor costo posible para la sociedad.

Tecendo os fios da educação ambiental: o subjetivo e o coletivo, o pensado e o vivido Weaving the threads of environmental education: the subjective and the collective, the thought and the lived

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martha Tristão

2005-08-01

Full Text Available O pressuposto deste ensaio é o de que, ao longo de sua trajetória, a educação ambiental foi constituindo uma narrativa que lhe é própria. Algumas palavras com sentidos conceituais polissêmicos, como natureza, participação, solidariedade, cooperação, autonomia, interdisciplinaridade e, mais recentemente, sustentabilidade, transdisciplinaridade e transversalidade, fundamentam a Educação Ambiental e fazem parte de seu léxico ou de sua rede semântica. O objetivo é analisar os campos do sentido produzidos por alguns desses termos e a trama de inter-relações entre os sujeitos e suas práticas discursivas, recusando a doutrina da unidade da razão e de um sujeito unitário em direção ao objetivo da perfeita coerência. Como a linguagem forma-se no seio de uma cultura, transita entre o individual/ coletivo, o subjetivo/ cultural, no caso da Educação Ambiental, é carregada de sentidos e de significados de um paradigma emergente, de novos modos de sensibilidades entre utopistas e utopias. É propósito entender se, de fato, a Educação Ambiental, em nome da emancipação, opõe-se ao projeto liberal de uma "razão educadora", de um conhecimento-regulação, de uma educação universal baseada em métodos universais, analisando de modo complexo a função social das narrativas generalistas e/ou denunciatórias. Foi considerado tanto o potencial positivo como os limites analíticos e estratégicos das narrativas que se manifestam de forma auto-referenciais. A preocupação central e conclusiva é: as práticas cotidianas que demandam iniciativas e encaminhamentos podem fazer sentido e criar campos de interface para o exercício de uma Educação Ambiental?The assumption behind this essay is that, throughout its history, environmental education constituted a narrative of its own. Some conceptually polysemic words such as nature, participation, solidarity, cooperation, autonomy, interdisciplinarity, and, more recently, sustainability

Determinação de Ácidos Carboxílicos na Atmosfera Urbana de São Paulo: uma abordagem analítica e ambiental Carboxylic acids measuremsnts in urban air of são paulo city: an analytical and environmental approach

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Silvia R. Souza

1997-06-01

Full Text Available In this work, analytical strategies are evaluated in order to measure accurately the ambient levels of atmospheric organic acids. Environmental considerations about the determination of low molecular weight mono- and di-carboxylic acids from urban areas of São Paulo are described.

Citizen participatory dioxin monitoring campaign by pine needles as biomonitor of ambient air dioxin pollution

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Komichi, I.; Takatori, A. [Environmental Research Institute Inc., Tokyo (Japan); Aoyama, T. [Musashi Institute of Technology, Yokohama (Japan). Faculty of Environment and Informations; Vrzic, B. [Maxxam Analytics Inc. HRMS Laboratory, Waterloo, ON (Canada)

2004-09-15

The needle-type leaves of Japanese black pine trees (hereafter abbreviated as pine needles) have been used as an effective bio-monitor of ambient air pollution. Miyata Laboratory of Setsunan University has reported that the pine needles accumulate PCDDs and PCDFs (hereafter abbreviated as D/F) through photosynthesis and respiration during their lifetime. On the basis of this study, we have revealed the correlation between ambient air and pine needle concentrations to be estimated at or near 1:10 by analyzing long term continuous ambient dioxin monitoring data and that of pine needles sampled from the same area as ambient air in the Kanagawa Prefecture in 1999. Since then, the citizen groups of each local area all over Japan have started monitoring the ambient air dioxin concentration levels by using pine needles. Samples analyzed during these 5 years totaled more than 650 throughout Japan. The results of these citizen participatory environmental monitoring activities are the tremendous effects achieved in reducing the dioxin levels. This occurs through observation of the dioxin emission sources such as Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Plants as well as the Industrial Waste Incineration plants, which exist in numbers exceeding several thousands in Japan. This short paper will present the results of 56 municipalities of western Japan where ambient air dioxin levels have improved steadily against local averages during these 5 years.

It Doesn't Matter, But: Examining the Impact of Ambient Learning Displays on Energy Consumption and Conservation at the Workplace

Science.gov (United States)

Börner, Dirk; Kalz, Marco; Specht, Marcus

2015-01-01

This study reports an intervention to initiate environmental learning and facilitate pro-environmental behaviour. The purpose was to examine the impact of ambient learning displays on energy consumption and conservation at the workplace, more specifically the evaluation of learning outcome and behaviour change. Using a quasi-experimental design,…

75 FR 45627 - Office of Research and Development; Ambient Air Monitoring Reference and Equivalent Methods...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-08-03

... Research and Development on March 30, 2010. The analytical procedure of this method has been tested in... Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Designation of this new equivalent method is... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [FRL-9184-5] Office of Research and Development; Ambient Air...

Salud ambiental: conceptos y actividades

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gonzalo A. Ordóñez

2000-03-01

Full Text Available La finalidad del trabajo es aportar información y propuestas conceptuales que faciliten la tarea de quienes tienen a su cargo la sistematización institucional de la salud ambiental. Se hace un análisis de la noción de "ambiente" para la cual se sugiere una definición, y se examina el lugar de la salud ambiental en el contexto de los problemas ambientales y sus vertientes "verde" y "azul". Se examinan denominaciones equivalentes de salud ambiental y se introducen los servicios de salud ambiental. Se proporcionan varias definiciones y se da la oficial de salud ambiental adoptada por la OMS en Sofía, Bulgaria (1993. A continuación se transcriben las áreas básicas que a la salud ambiental le han asignado diversas organizaciones o reuniones, como la OPS, la OMS, el Programa 21 y otros. A partir de aquí se construye un repertorio bastante completo de áreas y subáreas y se encuentra que todos los listados son, en realidad, una reunión asistemática de tres tipos de constituyentes: determinantes (factores o hechos de la realidad física, procesos (conjuntos de intervenciones y funciones (conjuntos de acciones de gestión, los cuales pueden enfocarse matricialmente y llevan a individualizar actividades de los servicios de salud ambiental. Se proponen unas reglas de operación que permiten, en una especie de álgebra, construir expresiones para especificar con precisión las actividades y sus agregados. De este modo se logra disponer de un lenguaje simbólico común que puede ayudar a la intercomunicación, enseñanza e investigación en el ámbito de la salud ambiental.

The influence of ambient scent and music on patients' anxiety in a waiting room of a plastic surgeon.

Science.gov (United States)

Fenko, Anna; Loock, Caroline

2014-01-01

This study investigates the influence of ambient scent and music, and their combination, on patients' anxiety in a waiting room of a plastic surgeon. Waiting for an appointment with a plastic surgeon can increase a patient's anxiety. It is important to make the waiting time before an appointment with the surgeon more pleasant and to reduce the patient's anxiety. Ambient environmental stimuli can influence people's mood, cognition, and behavior. This experimental study was performed to test whether ambient scent and music can help to reduce patients' anxiety. Two pre-studies (n = 21) were conducted to measure the subjective pleasantness and arousal of various scents and music styles. Scent and music that scored high on pleasantness and low on arousal were selected for the main study. The field experiment (n = 117) was conducted in the waiting room of a German plastic surgeon. The patients' levels of anxiety were measured in four conditions: (1) without scent and music, (2) with lavender scent; (3) with instrumental music; (4) with both scent and music. When used separately, each of the environmental factors, music and scent, significantly reduced the level of patient's anxiety compared to the control condition. However, the combination of scent and music was not effective in reducing anxiety. Our results suggest that ambient scent and music can help to reduce patients' anxiety, but they should be used with caution. Adding more ambient elements to environment could raise patients' level of arousal and thus increase their anxiety. Healing environments, patient, patient-centered care, quality care, satisfaction.

MODIFICANDO O AMBIENTE ESCOLAR ATRAVÉS DO PROJETO MEIO AMBIENTE: CULTIVANDO E CONHECENDO AS PLANTAS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Letícia Caroline Lopes

2011-07-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho intitulado “MODIFICANDO O AMBIENTE ESCOLAR ATRAVÉS DO PROJETO MEIO AMBIENTE: CULTIVANDO E CONHECENDO AS PLANTAS” tem como desígnio apresentar o desenvolvimento do projeto “meio ambiente: cultivando e conhecendo as plantas”, no qual teve como proposta sensibilizar os alunos sobre a importância e preservação do meio ambiente através da prática e modificação do ambiente escolar, onde procurou-se utilizar materiais reciclados, tais como, garrafas pet, pneus velhos, carreteis de fios de eletricidade, e também mudas de arvore, plantas e hortaliças. Desta forma buscou se utilizar da criatividade dos envolvidos no processo para a transformação do ambiente escolar seco e vazio, para uma ambiente alegre, e acolhedor. O projeto foi elaborado pelas professoras da Extensão Betel, e aplicado em parceria com acadêmicos do sexto semestre do curso de Licenciatura em Pedagogia da Universidade do Estado do Mato Grosso (UNEMAT, campus de Sinop. Tendo como proposta a interdisciplinaridade, o projeto foi divido em três eixos orientados pelas professoras Edneuza Alves Trugillo, Sinóvia Rauber e Mariza Kreinner, abrangendo assim alunos e professoras de duas turmas de 2º Ano do Ensino Fundamental, e acadêmicos e professores da Universidade, os eixos foram arborização, jardinagem e horta, onde teve a duração de aproximadamente dois meses. A finalização das práticas obteve resultados satisfatórios e objetivos alcançados, tanto pela sensibilização dos alunos sobre a preservação e importância do meio-ambiente, quanto pela prática de intervenção pelos acadêmicos envolvidos no processo, que em coletividade conseguiram modificar o ambiente escolar através do objetivo do projeto, meio-ambiente, proporcionando assim um enriquecimento na formação acadêmica enquanto práticas pedagógicas.

Educação ambiental na escola: a perspectiva estudantil sobre o meio ambiente e a propaganda ambiental na internet

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fernanda Reis de Pinho Tavares

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho visa mostrar as idéias dos estudantes sobre um tema - a propaganda - refletindo como ela se insere na questão ambiental. Também abordamos como os alunos percebem questões como as relações, empresa, meio ambiente e sociedade. Foi realizado em uma oficina de Educação Ambiental, em uma escola particular de Lagoa Santa - MG, durante os meses de junho e julho de 2004. Analisaram-se sites de diversas empresas e ONG's (Organizações Não Governamentais. Em sua maioria os estudantes conseguiram posicionar-se criticamente em relação às entidades investigadas.

Ambient radioactivity levels and radiation doses. Annual report 2011

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bernhard-Stroel, Claudia; Hachenburger, Claudia; Trugenberger-Schnabel, Angela; Peter, Josef

2013-07-01

The annual report 2011 on ambient radioactivity levels and radiation doses covers the following issues: Part A: Natural environmental radioactivity, artificial radioactivity in the environment, occupational radiation exposure, radiation exposure from medical applications, the handling of radioactive materials and sources of ionizing radiation, non-ionizing radiation. Part B; Current data and their evaluation: Natural environmental radioactivity, artificial radioactivity in the environment, occupational radiation exposure, radiation exposure from medical applications, the handling of radioactive materials and sources of ionizing radiation, non-ionizing radiation. The Appendix includes Explanations of terms, radiation doses and related units, external and internal radiation exposure, stochastic and deterministic radiation effects, genetic radiation effects, induction of malignant neoplasm, risk assessment, physical units and glossary, laws, ordinances, guidelines, recommendations and other regulations concerning radiation protection, list of selected radionuclides.

Urban-rural status affects associations between domains of environmental quality and adverse birth outcomes

Science.gov (United States)

The relationship between environmental conditions and human health varies by environmental domain and urbanicity. To account for multiple ambient environmental conditions, we constructed an Environmental Quality Index (EQI) for health research. We used U.S. county level data rep...

The foundations of environmental health at the University of Costa Rica. A professional's must do La formación en salud ambiental en la Universidad de Costa Rica. El quehacer de un profesional

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Xinia Alvarado Zeledón

2007-12-01

Full Text Available This article is a synopsis of the historical evolution that the professional profile of Environmental Health in Costa Rica, has had so far. It also tends to recognize the sanitary developments that the country has experienced over the past 70 years, under the availability of the human resources area, particularly.The University of Costa Rica has made an important contribution when attempting to provide the country with a skilled and trained human resources department, in terms of health helping the Costarrican community.This human resources department was initially designed to inspection basic issues of environmental sanitation, such as water waste, vector control and health infrastructure. This, in a country that in the decade of the 30's, had an economy based on agriculture, mainly in which environmental conditions not yet reached alarming levels. Along with the pass of time, these conditions required of a professional able to anticipate scenarios and correct conditions adverse to human development in this Central-American Country. The professional profile of Environmental Health, is therefore, a profile constantly being updated.El presente artículo pretende ser una sinopsis acerca de la evolución histórica que ha tenido el perfil profesional de la salud ambiental en Costa Rica. Así mismo, procura hacer un reconocimiento de las transformaciones sanitarias que el país ha vivido durante los últimos 70 años, a la luz de la disponibilidad de recursos humanos, en esta área en particular.En este sentido, la Universidad de Costa Rica ha realizado una contribución importante al procurar dotar al país de un recurso humano capacitado y formado en competencias que han favorecido las condiciones de salud de la población costarricense.Este recurso humano estaba concebido inicialmente para realizar inspecciones en temas básicos de saneamiento ambiental, relacionados con excretas, aguas residuales, control de vectores, infraestructura sanitaria

Environmental Report 2007

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mathews, S.; Gallegos, G.; Berg, L.L.; Bertoldo, N.A; Campbell, C.G.; Cerruti, S.; Doman, J.L; Ferry, L.S.; Grayson, A.R; Jones, H.E.; Kumamoto, G.; Larson, J.; MacQueen, D.H; Paterson, L.; Revelli, M.A.; Ridley, M.; Rueppel, D.; Wegrecki, A.M.; Wilson, K.; Woollett, J.

2008-01-01

The purposes of the 'Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Environmental Report 2007' are to record Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's (LLNL's) compliance with environmental standards and requirements, describe LLNL's environmental protection and remediation programs, and present the results of environmental monitoring at the two LLNL sites--the Livermore site and Site 300. The report is prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) by LLNL's Environmental Protection Department. Submittal of the report satisfies requirements under DOE Order 231.1A, Environmental Safety and Health Reporting, and DOE Order 5400.5, Radiation Protection of the Public and Environment. The report is distributed electronically and is available at https://saer.lln.gov/, the website for the LLNL annual environmental report. Previous LLNL annual environmental reports beginning in 1994 are also on the website. Some references in the electronic report text are underlined, which indicates that they are clickable links. Clicking on one of these links will open the related document, data workbook, or website that it refers to. The report begins with an executive summary, which provides the purpose of the report and an overview of LLNL's compliance and monitoring results. The first three chapters provide background information: Chapter 1 is an overview of the location, meteorology, and hydrogeology of the two LLNL sites; Chapter 2 is a summary of LLNL's compliance with environmental regulations; and Chapter 3 is a description of LLNL's environmental programs with an emphasis on the Environmental Management System including pollution prevention. The majority of the report covers LLNL's environmental monitoring programs and monitoring data for 2007: effluent and ambient air (Chapter 4); waters, including wastewater, storm water runoff, surface water, rain, and groundwater (Chapter 5); and terrestrial, including soil, sediment, vegetation, foodstuff, ambient radiation, and special status

¿Es el cristianismo responsable de la crisis ambiental del planeta?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chuvieco Salinero, Emilio

2012-12-01

Full Text Available As a result of a paper published in the sixties, Christianity has been frequently accused of being behind earth’s environmental degradation, on the grounds that it has given humans the religious support to adopt a dominant role over the rest of Creation. This paper explores some of the answers to those criticisms, both from a historical and theological point of view. In the second part, the paper explores to what extent the environmental degradation supposedly caused by Christianity has affected those countries with mostly Christian populations, comparing them with those with other religious traditions. Several indicators of environmental health and ecosystem conservation are used for the comparisons. A high correlation between per capita income and environmental performance for the Christian and Buddhist countries was observed, while poor trends were observed for Hindu and Islamic countries. Comparing representative countries of both large and medium population size, the Christian countries outperform others in most indicators. Even though it cannot be concluded that Christianity, in fact, encourages environmental conservation, the results from our analysis at least provide grounds to reject the opposite hypothesis, as Christian countries do not have significantly lower environmental indicators than those representing other major religions.

En los años sesenta se inicia el debate sobre el papel que el cristianismo ha tenido en la degradación ambiental del planeta, acusándosele de haber concedido al ser humano un estatus dominante frente al resto de los seres creados. En este artículo se revisan las distintas respuestas que se han dado a estas críticas desde el punto de vista histórico y teológico. En la segunda parte, se analiza hasta qué punto este supuesto carácter agresivo del cristianismo frente a otras religiones se manifiesta en la situación ambiental de los países cristianos frente a otros donde son mayoritarias otras

COMPLEJIDAD AMBIENTAL: PROPUESTAS ÉTICAS EMERGENTES DEL PENSAMIENTO AMBIENTAL LATINOAMERICANO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Noguera de Echeverri Ana Patricia

2008-07-01

Full Text Available En este artículo, se recogen las propuestas ético ambientales más importantes de la Escuela de Pensamiento Ambiental Latinoamericano, que ha ido construyéndose desde hace 30 años. Se destacan autores de primera línea en el campo de la construcción de Pensamiento Ambiental filosófico, como el Filósofo y Pensador Colombiano, de trascendencia latinoamericana, Augusto Ángel Maya, quien plantea la posibilidad de construir una Filosofía Ambiental Ético estética, dado que la Filosofía Moderna ha sido Metafísica, aún en sus corrientes empiristas, positivistas y neopositivistas. Se destaca la obra de Enrique Leff, mexicano, que propone los conceptos de Complejidad y Saber Ambiental, como puntos de partida de una ética en la educación, la ciencia y la tecnología, dentro de unas relaciones sistémicas y holísticas. Igualmente la propuesta ético estética compleja de Julio Carrizoza, colombiano, se hace presente en este ensayo, como una propuesta política fundamental ante problemas colombianos como son la violencia y la exclusión. Las propuestas de Filósofos colombianos de gran importancia en el campo de la Filosofía Política y Moral, que han desembocado en la propuesta de una Ética Ambiental, Pública y Comunicativa, como es el caso de Guillermo Hoyos Vásquez y de otros pensadores tanto de Colombia como de otros países latinoamericanos, se presentan en este espacio, con el fin de recoger de manera crítica nuestras ideas acerca de la posibilidad de una ética ambiental, es decir una ética descentrada, sin sujeto y sin objeto, una ética sistémica, donde los valores se construyen en las relaciones y donde la intricada trama de la vida, que ha venido construyéndose desde hace más de 2.500 millones de años, y de la cual somos meros hilos, pasa de ser objeto a ser valor primero en su más genuino sentido.

Ambient radioactivity levels and radiation doses. Annual report 2014; Umweltradioaktivitaet und Strahlenbelastung. Jahresbericht 2014

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Trugenberger-Schnabel, Angela; Loebke-Reinl, Angelika; Peter, Josef (comps.) [Bundesamt fuer Strahlenschutz, Salzgitter (Germany)

2016-08-15

The annual report 2014 on ambient radioactivity levels and radiation doses covers the following topics: (1) Actual data and their evaluation: natural environmental radioactivity, artificial environmental radioactivity, occupational radiation exposure, radiation exposures from medical applications, handling of radioactive materials and sources of ionizing radiation, non-ionizing radiation. (2) Fundamentals and general information: legal basis and explanations, basic information on natural environmental radioactivity, basic information on artificial radioactivity in the environment, basic information on occupational radiation exposure, basic information on radiation exposures from medical applications, basic information on the handling of radioactive materials and sources of ionizing radiation, basic information on non-ionizing radiation. (3) Tables.

Det ambientes fænomenologi

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Walther-Hansen, Mads

2014-01-01

Det ambiente: sansning, medialisering, omgivelse er et aktuelt og ambitiøst værk. Bogen skildrer hvordan ambiente fænomener har fået en stigende betydning i den moderne verden, og redegør for måden hvorpå det ambiente virker ind på hele vores oplevelseskultur. Det er en levende, uprætentiøs og frem...

Ambient ultraviolet radiation exposure and hepatocellular carcinoma incidence in the United States.

Science.gov (United States)

VoPham, Trang; Bertrand, Kimberly A; Yuan, Jian-Min; Tamimi, Rulla M; Hart, Jaime E; Laden, Francine

2017-08-18

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most commonly occurring type of primary liver cancer, has been increasing in incidence worldwide. Vitamin D, acquired from sunlight exposure, diet, and dietary supplements, has been hypothesized to impact hepatocarcinogenesis. However, previous epidemiologic studies examining the associations between dietary and serum vitamin D reported mixed results. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between ambient ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure and HCC risk in the U.S. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database provided information on HCC cases diagnosed between 2000 and 2014 from 16 population-based cancer registries across the U.S. Ambient UV exposure was estimated by linking the SEER county with a spatiotemporal UV exposure model using a geographic information system. Poisson regression with robust variance estimation was used to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between ambient UV exposure per interquartile range (IQR) increase (32.4 mW/m 2 ) and HCC risk adjusting for age at diagnosis, sex, race, year of diagnosis, SEER registry, and county-level information on prevalence of health conditions, lifestyle, socioeconomic, and environmental factors. Higher levels of ambient UV exposure were associated with statistically significant lower HCC risk (n = 56,245 cases; adjusted IRR per IQR increase: 0.83, 95% CI 0.77, 0.90; p ambient UV and HCC risk was observed among males (p for interaction = 0.01) and whites (p for interaction = 0.01). Higher ambient UV exposure was associated with a decreased risk of HCC in the U.S. UV exposure may be a potential modifiable risk factor for HCC that should be explored in future research.

FY 1994 ambient air monitoring report for McMurdo Station, Antarctica

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lugar, R.M.

1994-12-01

This report presents the results of ambient air monitoring performed during the 1994 fiscal year (FY 1994) in the vicinity of McMurdo Station, Antarctica. Routine monitoring was performed during the 1993-1994 austral summer at three locations for airborne particulate matter less than 10 micrometers (PM-10) and at two locations for carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), and nitrogen oxides (NO, NO 2 , and NO x ). Selected PM-10 filters were analyzed for arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, and nickel. Additional air samples were collected at three McMurdo area locations and at Black Island for determination of the airborne concentration of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs). Sampling site selection, sampling procedures, and quality assurance procedures used were consistent with US Environmental Protection Agency guidance for local ambient air quality networks

Combined Effect of Ambient Temperature with Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation in Rabbit

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Jin Kyu; Choi, Dae Seong; Komarova, Ludmila N.; Petin, Vladislav G.

2010-01-01

There has been an increasing interest in synergistic effects observed after combined action of various agents. Many studies have shown that numerous physical and chemical agents combined with hyperthermia can interact in a synergistic manner when the effect produced by both agents used in combination exceeded the expected results from simple summation of the every effect produced by heat and the particular agent. I t was found that ambient temperature had a profound effect on the thermoregulatory responses to radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RFR) in various animals and humans. An extensive quantitative investigation of synergistic interaction of ambient temperature and microwaves has been published for rabbit heating. I t would be of interest to estimate whether or not the general features of the combined action revealed with unicellular organisms can be expressed for animals exposed to microwave power combined with a higher environmental temperature.

Educação ambiental para crianças no ambiente urbano: uma proposta de pesquisa-ação Environmental Education for children in urban areas: an action research proposal

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carolina Reigada

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Este estudo de Educação Ambiental envolveu crianças de 6 a 11 anos de idade de um bairro de classe popular - Cohab I - na cidade de Botucatu. O objetivo principal do projeto foi contribuir para desenvolver nas crianças atitudes de cuidado com o meio onde vivem, proporcionando oportunidades de aquisição de conhecimentos, valores, atitudes e interesse ativo para protegê- lo e melhorá-lo. Trata-se de um estudo desenvolvido com os referenciais da metodologia da pesquisa-ação participativa, que considera fundamental a participação dos sujeitos envolvidos tanto no processo de produção de conhecimentos quanto na tomada de decisões. Através de conversas, atividades e brincadeiras variadas, as crianças construíram conhecimentos sobre o bairro, percebendo como podem e devem exercer ali um importante papel social de melhoria da qualidade de vida no ambiente em que vivem. As crianças foram incentivadas a participar e levar essa preocupação aos adultos.This research in Environmental Education involved children between six and eleven years old from a working class district - Cohab I - of a Botucatu town. The main purpose of the research was to contribute to the development of behaviour which involved care of the environment where they lived, giving an opportunity to obtain knowledge, values, attitudes and active interests in order to protect and make their district better. This study is based on action research that considers the participation of the people involved in knowledge production process to be fundamental. Through talks, activites and jokes, children learnt about the district, and they came to understand how they might perform an important social role of life quality improvement in environment in which they live. The children were encouraged to participate and involve adults in their concerns.

Persuasion in Ambient Intelligence

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kaptein, M.C.; Markopoulos, P.; Ruyter, de B.E.R.; Aarts, E.H.L.

2010-01-01

Although the field of persuasive technologies has lately attracted a lot of attention, only recently the notion of ambient persuasive technologies was introduced. Ambient persuasive technologies can be integrated into every aspect of life, and as such have greater persuasive power than the

Fabrication of AlN thin films on different substrates at ambient temperature

CERN Document Server

Cai, W X; Wu, P H; Yang, S Z; Ji, Z M

2002-01-01

Aluminium nitride (AlN) is very useful as a barrier in superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) device or as an insulating layer in many other applications. At ambient temperature, we deposit AlN thin films onto different substrates (such as MgO, LaAlO sub 3 and Si) by using radio-frequency magnetron sputtering and pure Al target. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and PHI-scan patterns show that the films grown on MgO substrates are excellent epitaxial films with (101) orientation of a hexagonal lattice. A possible structure of the interface between the film and the substrate is suggested and discussed.

Ambient Air Issue from New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection

Science.gov (United States)

This document may be of assistance in applying the New Source Review (NSR) air permitting regulations including the Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) requirements. This document is part of the NSR Policy and Guidance Database. Some documents in the database are a scanned or retyped version of a paper photocopy of the original. Although we have taken considerable effort to quality assure the documents, some may contain typographical errors. Contact the office that issued the document if you need a copy of the original.

Not all trees sleep the same - High temporal resolution terrestrial laser scanning shows differences in nocturnal plant movement

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Zlinszky, András; Barfod, Anders; Molnár, Bence

2017-01-01

Circadian leaf movements are widely known in plants, but nocturnal movement of tree branches were only recently discovered by using terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), a high resolution three-dimensional surveying technique. TLS uses a pulsed laser emitted in a regular scan pattern for rapid...... surveyed a series of 18 full scans over a 12-h night period to measure nocturnal changes in shape simultaneously for an experimental setup of 22 plants representing different species. Resulting point clouds were evaluated by comparing changes in height percentiles of laser scanning points belonging...... to the canopy. Changes in crown shape were observed for all studied trees, but clearly distinguishable sleep movements are apparently rare. Ambient light conditions were continuously dark between sunset (7:30 p.m.) and sunrise (6:00 a.m.), but most changes in movement direction occurred during this period, thus...

77 FR 60985 - Ambient Air Monitoring Reference and Equivalent Methods: Designation of Three New Equivalent Methods

Science.gov (United States)

2012-10-05

... Methods: Designation of Three New Equivalent Methods AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency. ACTION: Notice of the designation of three new equivalent methods for monitoring ambient air quality. SUMMARY... equivalent methods, one for measuring concentrations of PM 2.5 , one for measuring concentrations of PM 10...

Algorithms in ambient intelligence

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Aarts, E.H.L.; Korst, J.H.M.; Verhaegh, W.F.J.; Weber, W.; Rabaey, J.M.; Aarts, E.

2005-01-01

We briefly review the concept of ambient intelligence and discuss its relation with the domain of intelligent algorithms. By means of four examples of ambient intelligent systems, we argue that new computing methods and quantification measures are needed to bridge the gap between the class of

Local Agenda 21 as a environmental social responsibility tool: an example of 'De olho no Ambiente' program; A Agenda 21 local como ferramenta de RSA (Responsabilidade Social Ambiental): o exemplo do Programa 'De olho no ambiente' em comunidades amazonicas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cunha, Edson R.S.P. da [PETROBRAS S.A., Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Centro de Pesquisas (CENPES)], e-mail: ercunha@petrobras.com.br; Ferreira, Tatiana de S.F.; Santana, Jose Luiz [Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, (UFRJ), RJ (Brazil). Inst. de Geociencias], e-mail: tatidesa@hotmail.com, e-mail: jl.santana@uol.com.br; Rocco, Roberto W.; Beniz, Gabriel A. [ONG ASA - Associacao de Servicos Ambientais(Brazil)], e-mail: rwrocco@gmail.com, e-mail: gbeniz@hotmail.com; Carvalho, Nelson Cabral de [PETROBRAS S.A., Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)], e-mail: nelsoncabral@petrobras.com.br

2008-07-01

This work presents the Agenda 21 Local construction process developed by PETROBRAS within the context of the 'De Olho no Ambiente' Program. This is an alternative for the sustainable development of reduced social inclusion communities located in the Company's areas of influence in the Amazon Region. Agenda 21 is a participative process that analyzes a country, state, municipal or community's actual situation, and plans its sustainable future. Its objective is to reach a new development paradigm, through the construction of an action plan focused on a future scenario desired by the local community, which takes into consideration the vulnerability and potential analysis of its socio-economical, cultural and environmental bases. PETROBRAS has introduced Agenda 21 Local in three riverside communities located in the Coari municipal, where the Solimoes Terminal (TESOL) is situated. This terminal receives and stores petroleum and gas from the Urucu Petroliferous Province, in the Amazonian State. In each location partnerships were signed with several governmental and civilian institutions during the implementation of the Agenda 21 Local Forum. Here each participant has the right to debate, which makes this a participative management process mechanism and an act of citizenship. (author)

A Framework for Urban Environmental Planning in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mônica Amaral Haddad

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Brazil faces numerous environmental challenges despite having many laws and policies in place. The implementation process of such laws and policies does not exist a majority of the time, affecting the quality of environmental governance in the country. Within the urban planning context, the City Statute law enacted in 2001 included the environmental dimension of urbanization; however, the wording of this inclusion was vague and broad. For instance, two environmental assessment planning tools of the law are not mandatory at the federal level and are without a defined scope. In this Exploration, a new framework focusing on the environmental dimension of urbanization is proposed. These two planning tools can be developed using the framework, which is based on the concept of carrying capacity and geographical information systems; it includes a combination of participatory mapping (i.e., increasing knowledge and tactical urbanism (i.e., increasing awareness to enhance public participation, targeting low-income populations. This combination was chosen because by increasing the knowledge and awareness of the poor who will participate in environmental-related projects, it will empower and allow them to exert their influence as citizens more fully. Resumen: Un marco para la planificación ambiental urbana en Brasil Resumen: Brasil afronta numerosos retos ambientales a pesar de contar con muchas leyes y políticas. El proceso de aplicación de dichas leyes y políticas no se lleva a cabo la mayoría de las veces, lo cual afecta a la calidad de la gobernanza ambiental en este país. Dentro del contexto de planificación urbana, la ley denominada Estatuto de la Ciudad y promulgada en 2001 incluyó la dimensión ambiental de la urbanización; sin embargo, la formulación de dicha inclusión era vaga y amplia. Por ejemplo, dos herramientas de la ley para la planificación ambiental no son obligatorias a nivel federal y no disponen de un campo de aplicaci

Sistemas de gestión ambiental normalizados

OpenAIRE

Fronti de García, Luisa; Pahlen, Ricardo José María; D’Onofrio, Paula Alejandra

2004-01-01

La contabilidad ambiental presupone la existencia de un sistema de gestión ambiental. Dentro del sistema integral de la organización, el sistema de gestión ambiental permite la obtención de información oportuna y segura. Podríamos definir el sistema de gestión ambiental de un ente como el conjunto de medidas destinadas a prevenir el impacto negativo de las actividades del ente sobre el medio ambiente. El sistema de gestión ambiental (SGA) es aquella parte del sistema de gestión total que incl...

CÁLCULO DO CUSTO DAS ATIVIDADES DE GESTÃO AMBIENTAL: APLICAÇÃO DO CUSTEIO BASEADO EM ATIVIDADES NUMA MONTADORA DE ÔNIBUS ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT COST CALCULATION: ACTIVITY BASED COSTING APPLIED TO BUS ASSEMBLY PROCESS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Orlando Durán

2007-08-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho apresenta os resultados da aplicação da metodologia de custeio baseado em atividades para medir o impacto que as atividades de gestão ambiental podem ter no custo industrial dos produtos. Um estudo de caso é apresentado junto com a utilização de um software comercial para o cálculo dos custos.This manuscript presents an Activity Based Costing application in an environmental protection context. The aim of this work is measuring the impact of environmental management activities on product costs. Also, a case study is discussed and the utilization of commercial software is presented.

Contabilidade ambiental o passaporte para a competitividade

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Elisabeth Pereira Kraemer

2002-03-01

Full Text Available Como todos os problemas ambientais provocaram grandes danos irreversíveis, que incidiram e incidem agora em todos os países subdesenvolvidos e desenvolvidos, nasce, então, como necessidade imperiosa, introduzir nos nossos sistemas econômicos a Contabilidade Ambiental, pois as organizações, até alguns anos atrás, preocupavam-se apenas com a eficiência dos sistemas produtivos. Chegamos a "era da revolução ambiental", e o ambiente não somente aparece como um conjunto de problemas relativos ao controle da contaminação, mas representa um custo no crescimento econômico. Neste sentido, o contador precisa de uma formação que se estenda além dos limites das técnicas e dos procedimentos. É necessário acrescentar o registro contábil do meio ambiente, dada a velocidade de sua afetação e a influência do mundo atual na utilização e disposição dos recursos naturais. Deve ser considerado como um dos princípios contábeis, onde é um desafio para a contabilidade. Precisa ser considerada como uma ciência contábil integrada, pois com a ciência ecológica e outras ciências são responsáveis pela natureza onde devem ser aplicados critérios de proteção ambiental, demonstrando que os recursos naturais constituem nosso principal capital. Partindo dessa premissa é que este trabalho está enfocando os seguintes tópicos: Responsabilidade Social da Empresa; A Empresa e o Meio Ambiente; Gestão Ambiental; Sistema de Gestão Ambiental; Ações para Preservar o Meio Ambiente - O Protocolo Verde, A Contabilidade, Custos Ambientais, Ativo Ambiental, Passivo Ambiental, Patrimônio Ambiental, Contabilidade Ambiental e Contabilidade Ambiental - o Passaporte para a Competitividade.

The ambient air quality accounts for the Nova Scotia Genuine Progress Index

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Monette, A.; Colman, R.

2004-01-01

The Nova Scotia Genuine Progress Index (GPI) is a measure of sustainable development which provides a complete and accurate picture of our well-being as a society. The GPI assigns explicit values to environmental quality, population health, livelihood security, equity, free time, and educational attainment. The Nova Scotia GPI includes 22 social, economic and environmental components, including ambient air quality. This report investigates Nova Scotia's ambient air concentrations and emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), total particulate matter (PM), sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and volatile organic compounds (VOC). The costs of damages caused by the these key air pollutants are also examined. Exposure to these pollutants results in negative impacts on human health, damage to materials, agricultural crops and changes in forest productivity. From 1979 to 1996, national ambient concentrations of each of these pollutants decreased significantly. However, the national average concentration of ground-level ozone increased by 34 per cent during the same time period. In Nova Scotia, concentrations of CO, PM and SO 2 have declined dramatically since 1979, but the trends for NO 2 and ground-level ozone do not show significant declines. On a per capita basis, SOx emissions from electric power generation in the province are more than 8 times the Canadian average. The province also had higher per capita emissions of CO, PM, SOx and VOCs than all reporting OECD countries. Electric power generation is the greatest source of fuel combustion emissions in the province, followed by industrial and transportation sources. This report also described some individual actions that can be taken to reduce air pollutant emissions. 174 refs., 37 tabs., 60 figs

Problemas de la evaluación de impacto ambiental en relación al planteamiento territorial y urbanístico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ángel Paniagua Mazorra

1993-01-01

Full Text Available Se analiza la necesaria relación entre Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental y planeamiento territorial y urbanístico. Para ello se evalúan la política comunitaria y la de los estados miembros de la CEE con mayor tradición en la materia, detallando como la ampliación de la Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental puede dirigirse hacia diversos sectores de la actividad económica, así como a planes de ocupación y apropiación del suelo. Por último, se indica la trasposición de la directiva comunitaria de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental a la legislación española y las dificultades que ha presentado su aplicación hasta el presente momento.In this article the relationship betwen the Environment Impact Evaluation and the land and urban planning is studied. Thus, the European Community and the country members environmental policy is analyzed. Finally, the Environmental Impact Evaluation legislation in the EC with that Spanish is compared.

Evaluation of environmental scanning electron microscopy for analysis of Proteus mirabilis crystalline biofilms in situ on urinary catheters.

Science.gov (United States)

Holling, Nina; Dedi, Cinzia; Jones, Caroline E; Hawthorne, Joseph A; Hanlon, Geoffrey W; Salvage, Jonathan P; Patel, Bhavik A; Barnes, Lara M; Jones, Brian V

2014-06-01

Proteus mirabilis is a common cause of catheter-associated urinary tract infections and frequently leads to blockage of catheters due to crystalline biofilm formation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has proven to be a valuable tool in the study of these unusual biofilms, but entails laborious sample preparation that can introduce artefacts, undermining the investigation of biofilm development. In contrast, environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) permits imaging of unprocessed, fully hydrated samples, which may provide much insight into the development of P. mirabilis biofilms. Here, we evaluate the utility of ESEM for the study of P. mirabilis crystalline biofilms in situ, on urinary catheters. In doing so, we compare this to commonly used conventional SEM approaches for sample preparation and imaging. Overall, ESEM provided excellent resolution of biofilms formed on urinary catheters and revealed structures not observed in standard SEM imaging or previously described in other studies of these biofilms. In addition, we show that energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) may be employed in conjunction with ESEM to provide information regarding the elemental composition of crystalline structures and demonstrate the potential for ESEM in combination with EDS to constitute a useful tool in exploring the mechanisms underpinning crystalline biofilm formation. © 2014 The Authors. FEMS Microbiology Letters published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Federation of European Microbiological Societies.

Effect of dry and wet ambient environment on the pulsed laser ablation of titanium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ali, Nisar; Bashir, Shazia; Umm-i-Kalsoom,; Akram, Mahreen; Mahmood, Khaliq

2013-01-01

Surface and structural properties of the laser irradiated titanium targets have been investigated under dry and wet ambient environments. For this purpose KrF Excimer laser of wavelength 248 nm, pulse duration of 20 ns and repetition rate of 20 Hz has been employed. The targets were exposed for various number of laser pulses ranging from 500 to 2000 in the ambient environment of air, de-ionized water and propanol at a fluence of 3.6 J/cm 2 . The surface morphology, chemical composition and crystallographical analysis were performed by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD), respectively. For both central and peripheral ablated areas, significant difference in surface morphology has been observed in case of dry and wet ambient conditions. Large sized and diffused grains are observed in case of dry ablation. Whereas, in case of wet ablation, small sized, and well defined grains with distinct grain boundaries and significantly enhanced density are revealed. This difference is ascribed to the confinement effects of the liquid. The peripheral ablated area shows redeposition in case of dry ablation whereas small sized grain like structures are formed in case of wet ablation. EDS analysis exhibits variation in chemical composition under both ambient conditions. When the targets are treated in air environment, enhancement of the oxygen as well as nitrogen content is observed while in case of de-ionized water and propanol only increase in content of oxygen is observed. X-ray diffraction analysis exhibits formation of oxides and nitrides in case of air, whereas, in case of de-ionized water and propanol only oxides along with hydrides are formed. For various number of laser pulses the variation in the peak intensity, crystallinity and d-spacing is observed under both ambient conditions.

The baltic environmental information dissemination system: using environmental informatics as a tool for sustainable development in the Baltic Sea region O sistema báltico de disseminação de informação ambiental: o uso de informática ambiental como uma ferramenta para o desenvolvimento sustentável na região do Mar Báltico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Walter Leal Filho

2002-09-01

environment, but also emphasising related areas such as transport and sustainable development issues, among a sample of six BSR countries: Denmark, Finland, Germany, Sweden (EU and Lithuania and Poland (non-EU, contributing to networking and know-how exchange, complementing efforts towards transregional cooperation in sustainable spatial planning on the basis of Baltic 21. The results reached to date include: increased awareness of matters related to sustainable development in the six participant countries; enhanced communication exchange and networking among the sample nations; improved information flow and increased participation in events, activities and programmes across the Baltic Sea Region. BEIDS is a prime example of the feasibility of using environmental informatics as a tool for sustainable development.O atual desenvolvimento econômico da Comunidade Européia, bem como a região C&E Européia, tem levado a um uso intenso de muitos recursos naturais e a um reconhecimento de problemas ambientais. A falta de uma ampla consciência por parte daqueles que atuam em vários setores (indústria, administração pública, usuários as vezes inibe a implementação de legislação já disponível, como também a implementação de novas tecnologias provenientes, por exemplo, da pesquisa marinha. Um exemplo deste estado de fato ser visto em relação a implementação das recomendações saídas do "Baltic 21" e VASAB 2010, que ilustram as vantagens de um mecanismo aberto, trans-setorial para a disseminação de informação ambiental na região. Hoje estão presentes várias organizações que atuam como fornecedoras de informação ambiental na região do Mar Báltico. Entretanto, apenas algumas, ou nenhuma são provedoras conscientes com os vários modos em que a informação a respeito de desenvolvimento sustentável está sendo utilizada pelos vários grupos e audiências. O estado atual da questão torna necessário impulsionar os mecanismos existentes em seu lugar, de

Turbine airfoil with ambient cooling system

Science.gov (United States)

Campbell, Jr, Christian X.; Marra, John J.; Marsh, Jan H.

2016-06-07

A turbine airfoil usable in a turbine engine and having at least one ambient air cooling system is disclosed. At least a portion of the cooling system may include one or more cooling channels configured to receive ambient air at about atmospheric pressure. The ambient air cooling system may have a tip static pressure to ambient pressure ratio of at least 0.5, and in at least one embodiment, may include a tip static pressure to ambient pressure ratio of between about 0.5 and about 3.0. The cooling system may also be configured such that an under root slot chamber in the root is large to minimize supply air velocity. One or more cooling channels of the ambient air cooling system may terminate at an outlet at the tip such that the outlet is aligned with inner surfaces forming the at least one cooling channel in the airfoil to facilitate high mass flow.

Preparation and Loading Process of Single Crystalline Samples into a Gas Environmental Cell Holder for In Situ Atomic Resolution Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopic Observation.

Science.gov (United States)

Straubinger, Rainer; Beyer, Andreas; Volz, Kerstin

2016-06-01

A reproducible way to transfer a single crystalline sample into a gas environmental cell holder for in situ transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analysis is shown in this study. As in situ holders have only single-tilt capability, it is necessary to prepare the sample precisely along a specific zone axis. This can be achieved by a very accurate focused ion beam lift-out preparation. We show a step-by-step procedure to prepare the sample and transfer it into the gas environmental cell. The sample material is a GaP/Ga(NAsP)/GaP multi-quantum well structure on Si. Scanning TEM observations prove that it is possible to achieve atomic resolution at very high temperatures in a nitrogen environment of 100,000 Pa.

Tip preparation for usage in an ultra-low temperature UHV scanning tunneling microscope

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S. Ernst, S. Wirth, M. Rams, V. Dolocan and F. Steglich

2007-01-01

Full Text Available This work deals with the preparation and characterization of tungsten tips for the use in UHV low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM and STS, respectively. These specific environments require in situ facilities for tip conditioning, for further sharpening of the tips, as well as for reliable tip characterization. The implemented conditioning methods include direct resistive annealing, annealing by electron bombardment, and self-sputtering with noble gas ions. Moreover, results from in situ tip characterization by field emission and STM experiments were compared to ex situ scanning electron microscopy. Using the so-prepared tips, high resolution STM images and tunneling spectra were obtained in a temperature range from ambient down to 350 mK, partially with applied magnetic field, on a variety of materials.

Environmental surveillance at Los Alamos during 1991. Environmental protection group

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dewart, J.; Kohen, K.L. [comps.

1993-08-01

This report describes the environmental surveillance program conducted by Los Alamos National Laboratory during 1991. Routine monitoring for radiation and for radioactive and chemical materials is conducted on the Laboratory site as well as in the surrounding region. Monitoring results are used to determine compliance with appropriate standards and to permit early identification of potentially undesirable trends. Results and interpretation of data for 1991 cover external penetrating radiation; quantities of airborne emissions and effluents; concentrations of chemicals and radionuclides in ambient air, surface waters and groundwaters, municipal water supply, soils and sediments, and foodstuffs; and environmental compliance. Comparisons with appropriate standards, regulations, and background levels provide the basis for concluding that environmental effects from Laboratory operations are small and do not pose a threat to the public, Laboratory employees, or the environment.

Apoio multicritério à decisão como subsídio à gestão ambiental: o caso da Aggreko Brasil Application of a multicriteria decision method to support environmental management: Aggreko - Brazil - case study

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Damaris Paoli

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Os impactos negativos relacionados à degradação ambiental levaram à formulação do paradigma do desenvolvimento sustentável. Os ambientes corporativos, pressionados pela sociedade, buscam, por meio da implementação de Sistemas de Gestão Ambiental (SGA, este novo modelo de desenvolvimento. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é apresentar um caso de decisão metodológica, que prioriza opções de alternativas. Foi utilizado o método Tomada de Decisão Interativa Multicritério (TODIM como uma das ferramentas de decisão Multicritério. O estudo de caso focaliza uma filial de empresa multinacional localizada no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, que oferece soluções de energia temporária e sistemas de controle de temperatura. Foram selecionados oito funcionários de diferentes setores da empresa para a ponderação das alternativas, de acordo com os diferentes critérios qualitativos. Foi demonstrado que existem conflitos de opinião em relação à priorização das alternativas. Isso ocorreu devido à interdependência das alternativas e porque os diferentes atores visualizam o problema com perspectivas diferentes e têm interesses diversos. Os resultados mostraram que a principal alternativa, segundo a maioria dos atores, é a implementação de um programa de educação ambiental para evitar desperdícios e informar/conscientizar os empregados sobre as questões ambientais. Em segundo lugar, foi escolhido um plano para contenção de derrames.The negative impacts related to environmental degradation have led to the formulation of the sustainable development paradigm. Business environments, pressured by society seek this new development model through the implementation of environmental management systems. The main objective of this paper is to present a decisionmaking methodological framework, which prioritizes alternative options. The TODIM (Interactive Multicriteria Decision Making method was used as one of the Multicriteria Decision

Environmental scan and evaluation of best practices for online systematic review resources.

Science.gov (United States)

Parker, Robin M N; Boulos, Leah M; Visintini, Sarah; Ritchie, Krista; Hayden, Jill

2018-04-01

Online training for systematic review methodology is an attractive option due to flexibility and limited availability of in-person instruction. Librarians often direct new reviewers to these online resources, so they should be knowledgeable about the variety of available resources. The objective for this project was to conduct an environmental scan of online systematic review training resources and evaluate those identified resources. The authors systematically searched for electronic learning resources pertaining to systematic review methods. After screening for inclusion, we collected data about characteristics of training resources and assigned scores in the domains of (1) content, (2) design, (3) interactivity, and (4) usability by applying a previously published evaluation rubric for online instruction modules. We described the characteristics and scores for each training resource and compared performance across the domains. Twenty training resources were evaluated. Average overall score of online instructional resources was 61%. Online courses (n=7) averaged 73%, web modules (n=5) 64%, and videos (n=8) 48%. The top 5 highest scoring resources were in course or web module format, featured high interactivity, and required a longer (>5hrs) time commitment from users. This study revealed that resources include appropriate content but are less likely to adhere to principles of online training design and interactivity. Awareness of these resources will allow librarians to make informed recommendations for training based on patrons' needs. Future online systematic review training resources should use established best practices for e-learning to provide high-quality resources, regardless of format or user time commitment.

Gestão Ambiental e Turismo: Pesquisas Recentes no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Turismo e Hospitalidade - UCS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Susana Machado

2015-01-01

Full Text Available O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Turismo e Hospitalidade, da Universidade de Caxias do Sul, tem mantido, dentro da sua Linha 1, projetos  de pesquisa com foco em questões associadas à gestão ambiental. Em sua maioria sob a coordenação da Dra Suzana De Conto, as pesquisas realizadas já somam um alentado acervo de dados. Quer com enfoque nos meios de hospedagem, quer investigando os resíduos produzidos em aeroportos ou em agências de turismo, e alcançando mesmo aos eventos festivos, a gestão ambiental tem se mostrado um campo instigando de pesquisa, cujos resultados significam uma importante contribuição à sociedade e ao meio ambiente. O presente informativo reúne sete resumos expandidos de dissertações do PPGTURH. Ao final, consolidam-se referências bibliográficas pertinentes à temática gestão ambiental e turismo. Environmental and Tourism Management: Recent Research in the Master in Tourism and Hospitality, Universidade de Caxias do Sul - The Master in Tourism and Hospitality, University of Caxias do Sul, has developed researches focused on issues related to environmental management. Mostly under the direction of Dr. Suzana De Conto, the researches add a courageous data collection. The environmental management has been an instigating research field, sometimes focusing on lodging facilities, others on waste generated at airports or in travel agencies and even in events. Their results mean an important contribution to society and the protection of the environment. This report brings together seven dissertation abstracts. In the end, there are a selection of relevant references to the theme environmental management and tourism.

Effects of Ambient Air Pollution Exposure on Olfaction: A Review.

Science.gov (United States)

Ajmani, Gaurav S; Suh, Helen H; Pinto, Jayant M

2016-11-01

Olfactory dysfunction affects millions of people worldwide. This sensory impairment is associated with neurodegenerative disease and significantly decreased quality of life. Exposure to airborne pollutants has been implicated in olfactory decline, likely due to the anatomic susceptibility of the olfactory nerve to the environment. Historically, studies have focused on occupational exposures, but more recent studies have considered effects from exposure to ambient air pollutants. To examine all relevant human data evaluating a link between ambient pollution exposure and olfaction and to review supporting animal data in order to examine potential mechanisms for pollution-associated olfactory loss. We identified and reviewed relevant articles from 1950 to 2015 using PubMed and Web of Science and focusing on human epidemiologic and pathophysiologic studies. Animal studies were included only to support pertinent data on humans. We reviewed findings from these studies evaluating a relationship between environmental pollutant exposure and olfactory function. We identified and reviewed 17 articles, with 1 additional article added from a bibliography search, for a total of 18 human studies. There is evidence in human epidemiologic and pathologic studies that increased exposure to ambient air pollutants is associated with olfactory dysfunction. However, most studies have used proxies for pollution exposure in small samples of convenience. Human pathologic studies, with supporting animal work, have also shown that air pollution can contact the olfactory epithelium, translocate to the olfactory bulb, and migrate to the olfactory cortex. Pollutants can deposit at each location, causing direct damage and disruption of tissue morphology or inducing local inflammation and cellular stress responses. Ambient air pollution may impact human olfactory function. Additional studies are needed to examine air pollution-related olfactory impacts on the general population using measured

Ambient and personal dose assessment of a container inspection site using a mobile X-ray system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hsu, F.Y., E-mail: fyhsu@mx.nthu.edu.tw [Nuclear Science and Technology Development Center, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuangfu Rd., 300 Hsinchu, Taiwan (China); Lee, W.F., E-mail: 005679@webmail.customs.gov.tw [Taichung Customs Office, Ministry of Finance, 2, Sec. 3, Chung-Chie Rd., Sha Lu, 435 Taichung, Taiwan (China); Tung, C.J., E-mail: cjtung@mail.cgu.edu.tw [Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, 333 Tao-Yuan, Taiwan (China); Lee, J.S., E-mail: jslee@ym.edu.tw [Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, 155 Li-Nong St., Sec. 2, Peitou, 112 Taipei City, Taiwan (China); Wu, T.H., E-mail: tung@ym.edu.tw [Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, 155 Li-Nong St., Sec. 2, Peitou, 112 Taipei City, Taiwan (China); Hsu, S.M., E-mail: smhsu@mail.cmu.edu.tw [Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Rd., 404 Taichung, Taiwan (China); Su, H.T., E-mail: edwardsu1027@hotmail.com [School of Medical Imaging and Radiological Science, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., 402 Taichung, Taiwan (China); Chen, T.R., E-mail: trchen@csmu.edu.tw [School of Medical Imaging and Radiological Science, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., 402 Taichung, Taiwan (China); Department of Medical Image, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, 402 Taichung, Taiwan (China)

2012-03-15

Ambient monitor and phantom studies of absorbed and effective doses by TLDs were carried out in a non-intrusive inspection station for containers, Terminal I, of Taichung harbor, Taiwan. The doses from the X-ray scan in the control room and driver waiting room, located outside of the radiation control area, were quite small and could not be distinguished from the natural background radiation. The doses in the driver cab and the inspector cab of the X-ray scan car were also within background radiation levels. The protection wall, a 40-cm thick concrete barrier, can effectively attenuate the intensity of the primary X-ray scan. The possible effective dose of a person in the container or trailer is about 3.15{+-}0.23 {mu}Sv/scan and 2.31{+-}0.38 {mu}Sv/scan. This dose is below the annual background dose. If someone was to be scanned by the X-ray, the effective dose would be at an acceptable level. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer We used TLDs to evaluate the dose in the environment and in the Rando phantom. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The absorbed dose in the container Terminal showed a natural background level. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The protection wall effectively lowers the X-ray intensity. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The effective dose of a person in the container or trailer is about 3 {mu}Sv/scan.

Environmental impact study due to end use energy technologies; Estudio prospectivo del impacto ambiental debido a tecnologias de uso final de la energia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Manzini Poli, Fabio

1997-11-01

Two thirds of the internal offer of energy in Mexico is consumed by end use sectors through end use technologies (TUF). Here is presented an integral conceptual frame for the environmental impact evaluation due to end use technologies, then the evolution of the interactions between technology-environment-fuel is analyzed in the long term (year 2025) according to three possible scenarios: business as usual, blocks and sustainable. [Spanish] Dos terceras partes de la oferta interna de energia en Mexico la utilizan los sectores de consumo final mediante tecnologias de uso final energetico. En el presente trabajo se introduce un marco conceptual integral para evaluar los impactos ambientales debidos a la utilizacion de tecnologias de uso final de la energia (TUF), luego se analiza la evolucion de las interacciones entre tecnologia-energetico-ambiente a largo plazo (ano 2025) de acuerdo a tres escenarios posibles: tendencial, bloques y sustentable.

Environmental Report 2007

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mathews, S; Gallegos, G; Berg, L L; Bertoldo, N A; Campbell, C G; Cerruti, S; Doman, J L; Ferry, L S; Grayson, A R; Jones, H E; Kumamoto, G; Larson, J; MacQueen, D H; Paterson, L; Revelli, M A; Ridley, M; Rueppel, D; Wegrecki, A M; Wilson, K; Woollett, J

2008-09-24

The purposes of the 'Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Environmental Report 2007' are to record Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's (LLNL's) compliance with environmental standards and requirements, describe LLNL's environmental protection and remediation programs, and present the results of environmental monitoring at the two LLNL sites--the Livermore site and Site 300. The report is prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) by LLNL's Environmental Protection Department. Submittal of the report satisfies requirements under DOE Order 231.1A, Environmental Safety and Health Reporting, and DOE Order 5400.5, Radiation Protection of the Public and Environment. The report is distributed electronically and is available at https://saer.lln.gov/, the website for the LLNL annual environmental report. Previous LLNL annual environmental reports beginning in 1994 are also on the website. Some references in the electronic report text are underlined, which indicates that they are clickable links. Clicking on one of these links will open the related document, data workbook, or website that it refers to. The report begins with an executive summary, which provides the purpose of the report and an overview of LLNL's compliance and monitoring results. The first three chapters provide background information: Chapter 1 is an overview of the location, meteorology, and hydrogeology of the two LLNL sites; Chapter 2 is a summary of LLNL's compliance with environmental regulations; and Chapter 3 is a description of LLNL's environmental programs with an emphasis on the Environmental Management System including pollution prevention. The majority of the report covers LLNL's environmental monitoring programs and monitoring data for 2007: effluent and ambient air (Chapter 4); waters, including wastewater, storm water runoff, surface water, rain, and groundwater (Chapter 5); and terrestrial, including soil, sediment, vegetation

40 CFR 50.11 - National primary and secondary ambient air quality standards for oxides of nitrogen (with...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false National primary and secondary ambient air quality standards for oxides of nitrogen (with nitrogen dioxide as the indicator). 50.11 Section 50.11 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS NATIONAL...

Justiça ambiental e práticas de governança da água: (re introduzindo questões de igualdade na agenda Environmental justice and water resources governance practices: re-introducing issues of equality to the agenda

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Paula Fracalanza

2013-03-01

Full Text Available O conceito de governança vem sendo discutido enquanto uma nova forma de gestão de recursos naturais por incorporar a participação de atores sociais no planejamento de políticas ambientais. O objetivo deste texto é verificar de que modo a vulnerabilidade social associada ao saneamento ambiental relaciona-se a injustiça ambiental no Brasil. O trabalho analisa situações de desigualdade, a partir da sistematização de informações realizada por meio de revisão bibliográfica. A análise ressalta a importância de uma boa governança, considerando o papel fundamental das políticas públicas no combate às desigualdades socioambientais. Assim, é importante considerar: a integração das políticas de água com as de solo, bem como programas, agentes e instituições que desenvolvam atividades conjuntas; a prioridade de saneamento ambiental para populações pobres, além do estabelecimento de subsídios; por fim a diferenciação dos usuários na cobrança pelo uso da água, atuando no equilíbrio entre a preservação do recurso e a promoção dos usos múltiplos.El concepto de gobernabilidad se ha discutido como una nueva forma de gestión de los recursos naturales mediante la incorporación de la participación de los actores sociales en la formulación de políticas ambientales. El objetivo de este estudio es examinar cómo la vulnerabilidad social asociada a servicios de saneamiento se relaciona con la injusticia ambiental en Brasil. El artículo analiza situaciones de desigualdad, a partir de la sistematización de la información utilizando la revisión de la literatura. El análisis pone de relieve la importancia de la buena gobernanza, teniendo en cuenta el papel de las políticas públicas para combatir las desigualdades. Por lo tanto, es importante tener en cuenta: la integración de las políticas del agua con el suelo, la prioridad de saneamiento ambiental para los pobres y la diferenciación de los usuarios en los cargos de

An environmental scan of policies in support of chronic disease self-management in Canada.

Science.gov (United States)

Liddy, C; Mill, K

2014-02-01

The evidence supporting chronic disease self-management warrants further attention. Our aim was to identify existing policies, strategies and frameworks that support self-management initiatives. This descriptive study was conducted as an environmental scan, consisting of an Internet search of government and other publicly available websites, and interviews with jurisdictional representatives identified through the Health Council of Canada and academic networking. We interviewed 16 representatives from all provinces and territories in Canada and found 30 publicly available and relevant provincial and national documents. Most provinces and territories have policies that incorporate aspects of chronic disease self-management. Alberta and British Columbia have the most detailed policies. Both feature primary care prominently and are not disease specific. Both also have provincial level implementation of chronic disease self-management programming. Canada's northern territories all lacked specific policies supporting chronic disease self-management despite a significant burden of disease. Engaging patients in self-management of their chronic diseases is important and effective. Although most provinces and territories have policies that incorporate aspects of chronic disease self-management, they were often embedded within other initiatives and/or policy documents framed around specific diseases or populations. This approach could limit the potential reach and effect of self-management.

La Educación Ambiental una herramienta clave de la Gestión Ambiental

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María josé Esteves Ivanissevich

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Entendemos que el objeto de la educación ambiental no es el ambiente como tal, sino nuestra relación con él; la multiplicidad y diversidad de objetivos y la necesidad de anclar la intervención en cada contexto específico, hace de ésta una tarea inmensa y compleja. La provincia del Chubut registra desde el año 1999 un historial importante. Éste trabajo, toma lo realizado en la temática de eliminación de bolsas de polietileno en los espacios públicos, de forma interinstitucional y en ámbitos educativo formal y no formal. Con la hipótesis de que la educación ambiental constituye un instrumento de política ambiental preventivo atendiendo los problemas que afecten o pudieran afectar al ambiente; nos planteamos como objetivos: construir una ciudadanía ambientalmente responsable; Impulsar la formación y capacitación de docentes y actores sociales con una mirada ambiental; Contribuir a la conservación ambiental disponiendo de las nuevas tecnologías. La metodología se sustenta en una concepción que hace eje en el aumento de la participación de la sociedad. Desde el ámbito formal se trabajó durante el 2007-2011 con capacitaciones presenciales y a distancia, para docentes de nivel inicial y primario (434 capacitados, en forma conjunta con el Ministerio de Educación. El equipo de trabajo consta de cuatro profesionales del Ministerio de Ambiente y la colaboración de especialistas según el lugar y la temática. En el ámbito no formal se realizaron charlas y talleres con la comunidad (5826 capacitados; comunicación extrainstitucional por medios masivos de comunicación; campañas ambientales, trabajando en forma conjunta con organismos municipales, provinciales, no gubernamentales y privados. Se cubrieron 28 localidades en todo el territorio provincial. Se abarcó un gran número de docentes, quedando el trabajo con directores y supervisores, para pensar en la inclusión de las temáticas como los residuos sólidos urbanos, en el

The future of environmental health in Andalusian Region: suitability of improvement El futuro de la sanidad ambiental en Andalucía: oportunidades de mejora

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Joaquín Jesús Gámez de la Hoz

2008-12-01

Full Text Available In the present article is presented a portrait of the situation of the environmental health in the administration of Andalusian Goverment; are analyzed implanted management formulations and we believe a reflection space on the professional exercise and the course begun with the organizational process in the Andalusian public health. The public health system has not undergone reconstruction from the process of transferences from the State towards the autonomous Communities. We identified the extrapolation of the model clinical-assistance management to the public health structures without delving what is sufficient in their organization and objectives. Setting of business process management (BMP has got worse the administrative bureaucracy and the teamwork has not been preceded of alliances and agreements that generate feeling of ownership the same organization to avoid professional conflicts. We bet on strengthening the paper of the environmental health technicians as referring in the identification of this performances within public health system. For this propose we need the implication of all the professionals in the reform of the organization and management of the health public, to evolve in the professional exercise creating a regulated academic specialty and to define the competences maps in their different capabilites areas.En el presente artículo se muestra un retrato de la situación de la sanidad ambiental en la Administración de la Junta de Andalucía; se analizan las fórmulas de gestión implantadas y creamos un espacio de reflexión sobre el ejercicio profesional y el rumbo iniciado con el proceso organizativo en la salud pública andaluza. La Salud Pública no ha sufrido reestructuración desde el proceso de transferencias desde el Estado hacia las comunidades autónomas. Identificamos la extrapolación del modelo de gestión clínico-asistencial a las estructuras de salud pública sin ahondar lo suficiente en su organización y

Proposta de um programa de p+l como ferramenta para promoção da gestão ambiental: estudo de caso

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André Luiz Emmel Silva

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Atuar de forma menos agressiva ao meio ambiente, reduzir custos e ficar mais competitivas. Este tem sido o tema central dedebates em Gestão Ambiental e que vem ganhando força dentro das organizações. Porém, não se necessitam altos investimentos emudanças inovadoras no modo de operar das empresas. Programas simples e voltados diretamente ao processo produtivo podem trazerbenefícios e provocar grande impacto na gestão ambiental. Partindo desse princípio e da análise da realidade fabril de uma empresavoltada ao segmento de roupas impermeáveis, o estudo criou uma proposta de um programa de Produção mais Limpa focado emEducação Ambiental, Logística Reversa e Ecodesign. Os impactos ambientais mais significativos foram identificados através de umamatriz de Leopold adaptada e a investigação da geração das perdas ocorreu com a elaboração de fluxogramas e diagramas de entradase saídas. Também foi desenvolvido um equipamento capaz de auxiliar na reciclagem das sobras do processo e propostos indicadorespara monitoramento ambiental da empresa. Os métodos utilizados e os resultados obtidos demonstraram servir como fontesimportantes na tomada de decisão e como instrumento de auxilio para planos de Gestão Ambiental.Abstract Operate in a less aggressive to the environment, reduce costs and become more competitive. This has been the focus of debates in Environmental Management and has been gaining momentum within organizations. However, do not require large investments and innovative changes in the way companies operate. Simple programs and targeted directly to the production process can bring benefit and cause a major impact onenvironmental management. Based on this principle and theanalysis of the reality of a manufacturing company dedicated tothe segment of waterproof clothing, the study created a proposalfor a Cleaner Production program focused on environmentaleducation, Reverse Logistics and Ecodesign. The mostsignificant

Environmental Report 2008

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gallegos, G; Bertoldo, N A; Campbell, C G; Cerruti, S; Dibley, V; Doman, J L; Grayson, A R; Jones, H E; Kumamoto, G; MacQueen, D H; Nelson, J C; Paterson, L; Revelli, M A; Wegrecki, A M; Wilson, K; Woollett, J

2009-09-16

The purposes of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Environmental Report 2008 are to record Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's (LLNL's) compliance with environmental standards and requirements, describe LLNL's environmental protection and remediation programs, and present the results of environmental monitoring at the two LLNL sites - the Livermore site and Site 300. The report is prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) by LLNL's Environmental Protection Department. Submittal of the report satisfies requirements under DOE Order 231.1A, Environmental Safety and Health Reporting, and DOE Order 5400.5, Radiation Protection of the Public and Environment. The report is distributed electronically and is available at https://saer.lln.gov/, the website for the LLNL annual environmental report. Previous LLNL annual environmental reports beginning in 1994 are also on the website. Some references in the electronic report text are underlined, which indicates that they are clickable links. Clicking on one of these links will open the related document, data workbook, or website that it refers to. The report begins with an executive summary, which provides the purpose of the report and an overview of LLNL's compliance and monitoring results. The first three chapters provide background information: Chapter 1 is an overview of the location, meteorology, and hydrogeology of the two LLNL sites; Chapter 2 is a summary of LLNL's compliance with environmental regulations; and Chapter 3 is a description of LLNL's environmental programs with an emphasis on the Environmental Management System including pollution prevention. The majority of the report covers LLNL's environmental monitoring programs and monitoring data for 2008: effluent and ambient air (Chapter 4); waters, including wastewater, storm water runoff, surface water, rain, and groundwater (Chapter 5); and terrestrial, including soil, sediment, vegetation, foodstuff

Environmental Report 2008

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gallegos, G.; Bertoldo, N.A.; Campbell, C.G.; Cerruti, S.; Dibley, V.; Doman, J.L.; Grayson, A.R.; Jones, H.E.; Kumamoto, G.; MacQueen, D.H.; Nelson, J.C.; Paterson, L.; Revelli, M.A.; Wegrecki, A.M.; Wilson, K.; Woollett, J.

2009-01-01

The purposes of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Environmental Report 2008 are to record Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's (LLNL's) compliance with environmental standards and requirements, describe LLNL's environmental protection and remediation programs, and present the results of environmental monitoring at the two LLNL sites - the Livermore site and Site 300. The report is prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) by LLNL's Environmental Protection Department. Submittal of the report satisfies requirements under DOE Order 231.1A, Environmental Safety and Health Reporting, and DOE Order 5400.5, Radiation Protection of the Public and Environment. The report is distributed electronically and is available at https://saer.lln.gov/, the website for the LLNL annual environmental report. Previous LLNL annual environmental reports beginning in 1994 are also on the website. Some references in the electronic report text are underlined, which indicates that they are clickable links. Clicking on one of these links will open the related document, data workbook, or website that it refers to. The report begins with an executive summary, which provides the purpose of the report and an overview of LLNL's compliance and monitoring results. The first three chapters provide background information: Chapter 1 is an overview of the location, meteorology, and hydrogeology of the two LLNL sites; Chapter 2 is a summary of LLNL's compliance with environmental regulations; and Chapter 3 is a description of LLNL's environmental programs with an emphasis on the Environmental Management System including pollution prevention. The majority of the report covers LLNL's environmental monitoring programs and monitoring data for 2008: effluent and ambient air (Chapter 4); waters, including wastewater, storm water runoff, surface water, rain, and groundwater (Chapter 5); and terrestrial, including soil, sediment, vegetation, foodstuff, ambient radiation, and special status

Energy saving potential of natural ventilation in China: The impact of ambient air pollution

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tong, Zheming; Chen, Yujiao; Malkawi, Ali; Liu, Zhu; Freeman, Richard B.

2016-01-01

Highlights: • Natural ventilation potential is affected largely by ambient air pollution in China. • NV hours of 76 Chinese cities based on weather and ambient air quality are estimated. • Cooling energy savings and carbon reductions of 35 major Chinese cities are estimated. • 8–78% of the cooling energy usage can be potentially reduced by NV. • Our findings provide guidelines to improve energy policies in China. - Abstract: Natural ventilation (NV) is a key sustainable solution for reducing the energy use in buildings, improving thermal comfort, and maintaining a healthy indoor environment. However, the energy savings and environmental benefits are affected greatly by ambient air pollution in China. Here we estimate the NV potential of all major Chinese cities based on weather, ambient air quality, building configuration, and newly constructed square footage of office buildings in the year of 2015. In general, little NV potential is observed in northern China during the winter and southern China during the summer. Kunming located in the Southwest China is the most weather-favorable city for natural ventilation, and reveals almost no loss due to air pollution. Building Energy Simulation (BES) is conducted to estimate the energy savings of natural ventilation in which ambient air pollution and total square footage at each city must be taken into account. Beijing, the capital city, displays limited per-square-meter saving potential due to the unfavorable weather and air quality for natural ventilation, but its largest total square footage of office buildings makes it become the city with the greatest energy saving opportunity in China. Our analysis shows that the aggregated energy savings potential of office buildings at 35 major Chinese cities is 112 GWh in 2015, even after allowing for a 43 GWh loss due to China’s serious air pollution issue especially in North China. 8–78% of the cooling energy consumption can be potentially reduced by natural

Evaluación Ambiental Estratégica y Auditoría Contable Ambiental como Instrumentos para la Optimización de la Política Pública Ambiental en el Brasil

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Gardênia Maria Braga de Carvalho

2014-01-01

Full Text Available La política ambiental es un conjunto de directrices, objetivos e instrumentos de acción que el poder público utiliza para producir efectos deseables sobre el medio ambiente. Algunos de esos instrumentos aunque no están institucionalizados, como la Evaluación Ambiental Estratégica (AAE, que objetiva desarrollar un estudio macro de los impactos causados al medio ambiente y a la comunidad; y la Auditoría Contable Ambiental (ACA, que consiste en la confrontación de las informaciones de los informes ambientales y contables. Así, se cuestiona: a ¿qué problemas generados por la ausencia de la AAE y de la ACA en la política ambiental brasileira? b ¿cómo la inserción de la AAE y de la ACA contribuiría para la solución de los problemas específicos detectados? Este artículo tiene como objetivo demostrar que existe una laguna en la política ambiental por desconsideración de esos instrumentos. El referencial teórico fue construido teniendo como base la contabilidad ambiental, auditoría ambiental y política pública. Se utilizó como método el análisis descriptivo en relación a sus objetivos, siendo realizada una pesquisa bibliográfica y exploratoria sobre los temas: políticas públicas, AAE y ACA. Se concluye que es necesaria la institucionalización de la AAE y de la ACA, en la fase inicial y final, respectivamente, del proceso de instalación y acompañamiento de emprendimientos impactantes al medio ambiente, pues el hecho de no ser compulsorios, revelaron una laguna en la política ambiental, tornándola frágil.

Direct measurement of time dependent diffusion for Ag and Au under ambient conditions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yoo, Pil Sun; Jo, Han Yeol; Kim, Tae Kyeong [Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin (Korea, Republic of)

2014-12-15

Time-dependent diffusion for Ag and Au metal atoms was measured using the scanning tunneling microscope break-junction technique in ambient conditions. We observed that Ag contacts do not form long single-atomic chains compared to Au contacts during the elongation of each metal electrode, and Ag atoms diffuse more quickly than Au atoms after metal contact rupture. This is consistent with previous results of molecular dynamic simulations. Further, we found a correlation between diffusion length and the evolution time on an atomic scale to reveal the time-dependent diffusion for Ag and Au metal atoms.

Environmental measures for Escuintla No. 3 unit thermal power project

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Quisquinay, Carlos; Fabian Rosales, Alejandro [Instituto Nacional de Electrificacion, (Guatemala)

1997-12-31

The environmental measures in relation to the project implementation was studied with reference to the Japanese Standards and incorporated in the Implementation Program. This report is prepared however, to review the environmental measures for the project in more detail as to the allowable standards and regulations concerning the measures for the environmental pollution. The authors present the environmental conditions around the Escuintla Power Station in Guatemala; the measures for environmental pollution and evaluation; the measures for prevention of air pollution and diffusion calculations (estimation and assessment of environmental impacts) [Espanol] Las medidas ambientales con relacion a la consolidacion del proyecto, se estudiaron con referencia a los Estandares Japoneses e incorporados en el Programa de Consolidacion. Sin embargo, este reporte ha sido preparado para revisar las medidas ambientales para el proyecto mas detalladamente, con relacion a los estandares y reglamentaciones admisibles concernientes a las medidas de contaminacion ambiental. Los autores presentan las condiciones ambientales en los alrededores de la Central Termoelectrica de Escuintla de Guatemala; las medidas para la prevencion de la contaminacion del aire y los calculos de difusion (estimacion y evaluacion del impacto ambiental)

Environmental measures for Escuintla No. 3 unit thermal power project

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Quisquinay, Carlos; Fabian Rosales, Alejandro [Instituto Nacional de Electrificacion, (Guatemala)

1996-12-31

The environmental measures in relation to the project implementation was studied with reference to the Japanese Standards and incorporated in the Implementation Program. This report is prepared however, to review the environmental measures for the project in more detail as to the allowable standards and regulations concerning the measures for the environmental pollution. The authors present the environmental conditions around the Escuintla Power Station in Guatemala; the measures for environmental pollution and evaluation; the measures for prevention of air pollution and diffusion calculations (estimation and assessment of environmental impacts) [Espanol] Las medidas ambientales con relacion a la consolidacion del proyecto, se estudiaron con referencia a los Estandares Japoneses e incorporados en el Programa de Consolidacion. Sin embargo, este reporte ha sido preparado para revisar las medidas ambientales para el proyecto mas detalladamente, con relacion a los estandares y reglamentaciones admisibles concernientes a las medidas de contaminacion ambiental. Los autores presentan las condiciones ambientales en los alrededores de la Central Termoelectrica de Escuintla de Guatemala; las medidas para la prevencion de la contaminacion del aire y los calculos de difusion (estimacion y evaluacion del impacto ambiental)

Evaluation of digital dental models obtained from dental cone-beam computed tomography scan of alginate impressions

OpenAIRE

Jiang, Tingting; Lee, Sang-Mi; Hou, Yanan; Chang, Xin; Hwang, Hyeon-Shik

2016-01-01

Objective To investigate the dimensional accuracy of digital dental models obtained from the dental cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan of alginate impressions according to the time elapse when the impressions are stored under ambient conditions. Methods Alginate impressions were obtained from 20 adults using 3 different alginate materials, 2 traditional alginate materials (Alginoplast and Cavex Impressional) and 1 extended-pour alginate material (Cavex ColorChange). The impressions wer...

76 FR 76048 - Air Quality Designations for the 2008 Lead (Pb) National Ambient Air Quality Standards

Science.gov (United States)

2011-12-06

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 40 CFR Part 81 [EPA-HQ-OAR-2009-0443; FRL-9492-3] RIN 2060-AR17 Air Quality Designations for the 2008 Lead (Pb) National Ambient Air Quality Standards Correction In rule document 2011-29460 appearing on pages 72097-72120 in the issues of Tuesday, November 22, 2011...

Oak Ridge Reservation annual site environmental report for 1995

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Koncinski, W.S.

1996-09-01

This report presents the details of the environmental monitoring and management program for the Oak Ridge Reservation. Topics discussed include: site background, climate, and operations; environmental compliance strategies; effluent monitoring; environmental management program including environmental restoration, decontamination and decommissioning, technology development, and public involvement; effluent monitoring of airborne discharges, liquid discharges, toxicity control and monitoring, biological monitoring and abatement; environmental surveillance which encompasses meteorological monitoring, ambient air monitoring, surface water monitoring, soils monitoring, sediment monitoring, and contamination of food stuffs monitoring; radiation doses; chemical exposures; ground water monitoring; and quality assurance

Oak Ridge Reservation annual site environmental report for 1995

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Koncinski, W.S. [ed.

1996-09-01

This report presents the details of the environmental monitoring and management program for the Oak Ridge Reservation. Topics discussed include: site background, climate, and operations; environmental compliance strategies; effluent monitoring; environmental management program including environmental restoration, decontamination and decommissioning, technology development, and public involvement; effluent monitoring of airborne discharges, liquid discharges, toxicity control and monitoring, biological monitoring and abatement; environmental surveillance which encompasses meteorological monitoring, ambient air monitoring, surface water monitoring, soils monitoring, sediment monitoring, and contamination of food stuffs monitoring; radiation doses; chemical exposures; ground water monitoring; and quality assurance.

La prensa como recurso en educación ambiental: análisis de una experiencia Newspapers as a didactic resource for the environmental education

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pedro Álvarez Suárez

2007-10-01

Full Text Available A pesar de las repetidas recomendaciones de la UNESCO para integrar los medios en la educación, la gran mayoría del profesorado continua ignorando las grandes posibilidades que éstos ofrecen como recurso didáctico. En este trabajo se presenta una estrategia didáctica alternativa a la metodología tradicional (transmisiva-expositiva que, salvando la distancia entre la teoría y la práctica, muestra el uso de la prensa como recurso didáctico en la formación de profesorado de educación ambiental. Se analizan, también, los cambios que esta metodología produce en los conocimientos conceptuales y actitudes ambientales de los sujetos que la siguen. In spite of the repeated recommendations of the UNESCO to integrate the use of mass media in the education, the most teachers ignore their great possibilities as a didactic resource. In this work we present a new didactic strategy, alternative to the traditional methodology, which shows in practice the use of newspapers as a didactic resource in the training of environmental education teachers. We also analyze the changes in the conceptual knowledge and environmental attitudes that this methodology brings to the students.

Atmospheric correction for JPSS-2 VIIRS response versus scan angle measurements

Science.gov (United States)

McIntire, Jeffrey; Moeller, Chris; Oudrari, Hassan; Xiong, Xiaoxiong

2017-09-01

The Joint Polar Satellite System 2 (JPSS-2) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) includes one spectral band centered in a strong atmospheric absorption region. As much of the pre-launch calibration is performed under laboratory ambient conditions, accurately accounting for the absorption, and thereby ensuring the transfer of the sensor calibration to on-orbit operations, is necessary to generate science quality data products. This work is focused on the response versus scan angle (RVS) measurements, which characterize the relative scan angle dependent reflectance of the JPSS-2 VIIRS instrument optics. The spectral band of interest, centered around 1378 nm, is within a spectral region strongly effected by water vapor absorption. The methodology used to model the absolute humidity and the atmospheric transmittance under the laboratory conditions is detailed. The application of this transmittance to the RVS determination is then described including an uncertainty estimate; a comparison to the pre-launch measurements from earlier sensor builds is also performed.

Bidding for blocks and environmental control; Licitacao de blocos e o controle ambiental

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Agostinho, Magila Maria [Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN (Brazil). Faculdade de Direito; Silveira Neto, Otacilio dos Santos [Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN (Brazil). Programa de Recursos Humanos da ANP em Direito do Petroleo e Gas Natural, PRH-36

2004-07-01

With the coming of the Constitutional Emend n. 9/95, the Brazilian market of oil and natural gas stopped being monopolized by PETROBRAS. Since then, the concession of blocks began to be preceded by the public tender procedure realized by ANP- National Agency of Oil. The activities of oil exploration and production are potentially damaging to environment, what brings necessary the environmental licence and the previous study of the environmental impacts caused in this activity. Considering that the environmental licence must be done after the tender process, the enterprises that bought the blocks would assume the risk of not being allowed to practice their activities because of the absence of the environmental licence. To avoid that the It's offered blocks in not viable areas for oil exploration, the ANP, responsible for the public tender must accomplish a previous environmental control, to assure to the enterprises involved the environmental viability of the blocks offered. This project will touch the question of how has been realized the previous environmental control of the blocks offered by ANP into the public tender process, detaching, the control done at the 6. Round. (author)

Ambient noise forecasting with a large acoustic array in a complex shallow water environment.

Science.gov (United States)

Rogers, Jeffrey S; Wales, Stephen C; Means, Steven L

2017-11-01

Forecasting ambient noise levels in the ocean can be a useful way of characterizing the detection performance of sonar systems and projecting bounds on performance into the near future. The assertion is that noise forecasting can be improved with a priori knowledge of source positions coupled with the ability to resolve closely separated sources in bearing. One example of such a system is the large aperture research array located at the South Florida Test Facility. Given radar and Automatic Identification System defined source positions and environmental information, transmission loss (TL) is computed from known source positions to the array. Source levels (SLs) of individual ships are then estimated from computed TL and the pre-determined beam response of the array using a non-negative least squares algorithm. Ambient noise forecasts are formed by projecting the estimated SLs along known ship tracks. Ambient noise forecast estimates are compared to measured beam level data and mean-squared error is computed. A mean squared error as low as 3.5 dB is demonstrated in 30 min forecast estimates when compared to ground truth.

THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AS PART OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL CULTURE / FUNDAMENTOS TEÓRICOS DE LA EDUCACIÓN AMBIENTAL COMO PARTE DE LA CULTURA AMBIENTAL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Omar García Vázquez

2013-09-01

Full Text Available The present article is the result of the experience and the scientific and researching work carried out by the staff of authors as a part of the project “Impact of the Pedagogical Universalization in Pilon Municipality”. Its aim is to contribute to the methodological and scientific preparation of educators, students and other professional people, from a review of the environmental education as a platform of the environmental culture. To make possible the shaping of an appropriate theoretical device that gets to the point of these elements it is necessary to analyze some of its foundations.

Cogeneration development in Mexico and its recent environmental impact; Desarrollo de la cogeneracion en Mexico y su reciente impacto ambiental

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Elizalde Baltierra, Alberto; Garcia Pelaez, Juan [Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, D. F. (Mexico)

1996-12-31

This paper presents the historical development of the electric auto supply systems and cogeneration in Mexico since 1942 to 1995 with the understanding that these are clearly differentiated and defined since 1992. Though it is not, but until 1994 when the first ex profeso permit for cogeneration was granted. It also develops a short prospective vision of the cogeneration in our country, as well as the fuel consumption employed by auto- supply systems during 1993. The pollution emissions to the environment are also analyzed and with it the environmental impact of these electric systems in this year. [Espanol] Se presenta el desarrollo historico de los sistemas de autoabastecimiento electrico y cogeneracion en Mexico desde 1942 a 1995, en el entendido que estos se diferencian y definen claramente desde 1992. Es, sin embargo, hasta 1994 cuando se otorgo el primer permiso ex profeso de cogeneracion. Se desarrolla, ademas, una breve vision prospectiva de la cogeneracion en nuestro pais. Asimismo, se analiza el consumo de combustibles empleados por los sistemas de autoabastecimiento en 1993. Se estiman las emisiones contaminantes a la atmosfera y con ello se valora el impacto ambiental de estos sistemas electricos en ese ano.

Cogeneration development in Mexico and its recent environmental impact; Desarrollo de la cogeneracion en Mexico y su reciente impacto ambiental

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Elizalde Baltierra, Alberto; Garcia Pelaez, Juan [Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, D. F. (Mexico)

1997-12-31

This paper presents the historical development of the electric auto supply systems and cogeneration in Mexico since 1942 to 1995 with the understanding that these are clearly differentiated and defined since 1992. Though it is not, but until 1994 when the first ex profeso permit for cogeneration was granted. It also develops a short prospective vision of the cogeneration in our country, as well as the fuel consumption employed by auto- supply systems during 1993. The pollution emissions to the environment are also analyzed and with it the environmental impact of these electric systems in this year. [Espanol] Se presenta el desarrollo historico de los sistemas de autoabastecimiento electrico y cogeneracion en Mexico desde 1942 a 1995, en el entendido que estos se diferencian y definen claramente desde 1992. Es, sin embargo, hasta 1994 cuando se otorgo el primer permiso ex profeso de cogeneracion. Se desarrolla, ademas, una breve vision prospectiva de la cogeneracion en nuestro pais. Asimismo, se analiza el consumo de combustibles empleados por los sistemas de autoabastecimiento en 1993. Se estiman las emisiones contaminantes a la atmosfera y con ello se valora el impacto ambiental de estos sistemas electricos en ese ano.

Ability to Assent in Pediatric Critical Care Research: A Prospective Environmental Scan of Two Canadian PICUs.

Science.gov (United States)

O'Hearn, Katharine J; Martin, Dori-Ann; Dagenais, Maryse; Menon, Kusum

2018-06-13

To determine the number of patients considered not appropriate to approach for assent within the first 24 hours of PICU admission. Exploratory prospective 1-month environmental scan. Two tertiary Canadian PICUs. Ninety patients age newborn to 17 years old admitted to the PICU during September 2016 (Site 1) or May 2017 (Site 2). None. At PICU admission, 81% of patients were deemed not appropriate to approach for assent most commonly due to age, influence of psychotropic medications, and/or mechanical ventilation. At PICU discharge, 74% of patients were considered not appropriate to approach, most commonly due to age and/or developmental delay. There was moderate to good agreement between the research team and care team assessments of appropriateness for assent. Only 8% of patients considered not approachable at admission become appropriate to approach for assent by PICU discharge. Very few patients were considered approachable for assent during the first 24 hours of PICU admission. Those who were considered appropriate to approach were less ill, spent less time in PICU, and were unlikely to be considered for enrollment in pediatric critical care research.

Radiological protection and environmental management; La proteccion radiologica y la gestion ambiental

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Perez Fonseca, A.

2010-07-01

From the beginning of its industrial activity twenty five years ago, the Juzbado Factory of Enusa Group has always upheld a strong commitment with Radiological Protection and environmental respect and protection. Consequently, the evolution of dose shows a downward trend over the years. Although production has been increased gradually, the average doses to workers have stayed below 1 mSv. In order to identify and prevent the potential environmental impacts of its industrial activity and minimize its impact on the surroundings, the facility develops and environmental management system according to UNE-EN-ISO 14001 since 1999. (Author)

Saúde ambiental e desigualdades: construindo indicadores para o desenvolvimento sustentável Environmental health and inequalities: building indicators for sustainable development

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fernando Ferreira Carneiro

2012-06-01

Full Text Available O Brasil, mesmo com os avanços nos indicadores socioeconômicos ainda se apresenta desigual, situação fruto de um desenvolvimento historicamente excludente. Foi escolhido o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH e indicadores sociais, econômicos, ambientais e de saúde para exemplificar essa problemática. Foram selecionados os municípios que apresentavam mais baixos IDHs no ano de 2000 e comparada sua evolução temporal entre 2000 e 2010 por meio de indicadores relacionados aos pilares econômico, ambiental e social do desenvolvimento sustentável. Estes possuem um IDH classificado como baixo (Despite its progress in terms of socio-economic indicators, Brazil is still unequal, which is due to an unequal and exclusionary historical process. In this paper we selected the Human Development Index - HDI and other social, economic, environmental and health indicators to exemplify this situation. We selected the municipalities that had the lowest HDI in the country in 2000 comparing their evolution over time between 2000 and 2010 by means of indicators linked to the economic, environmental and social pillars of sustainable development. These municipalities have an HDI classified as low (<0.500, and correspond to countries such as Laos, Yemen, Haiti and Madagascar. At national level, data for the decade show a significant improvement in economic indicators (decrease from 23% to 8.9% of people living on less than a quarter of the minimum wage; social indicators (increase from 86.5% to 90.2% of literacy in women, and the environmental indicator associated with access to the water grid, which also improved to a lesser extent (increase from 81% to 85%. It was concluded that in order to achieve sustainable development with quality of life, the improvement of sanitation and education indicators should be a priority for Brazil.

Effect of ambient temperature on human pain and temperature perception.

Science.gov (United States)

Strigo, I A; Carli, F; Bushnell, M C

2000-03-01

Animal studies show reduced nociceptive responses to noxious heat stimuli and increases in endogenous beta-endorphin levels in cold environments, suggesting that human pain perception may be dependent on ambient temperature. However, studies of changes in local skin temperature on human pain perception have yielded variable results. This study examines the effect of both warm and cool ambient temperature on the perception of noxious and innocuous mechanical and thermal stimuli. Ten subjects (7 men and 3 women, aged 20-23 yr) used visual analog scales to rate the stimulus intensity, pain intensity, and unpleasantness of thermal (0-50 degrees C) and mechanical (1.2-28.9 g) stimuli applied on the volar forearm with a 1-cm2 contact thermode and von Frey filaments, respectively. Mean skin temperatures were measured throughout the experiment by infrared pyrometer. Each subject was tested in ambient temperatures of 15 degrees C (cool), 25 degrees C (neutral), and 35 degrees C (warm) on separate days, after a 30-min acclimation to the environment. Studies began in the morning after an 8-h fast. Mean skin temperature was altered by ambient temperature (cool room: 30.1 degrees C; neutral room: 33.4 degrees C; warm room: 34.5 degrees C; P cool than in the neutral environment (P cool room and that noxious heat stimuli were more unpleasant in a warm environment. Environmental temperature did not alter ratings of warm (37 and 40 degrees C) or mechanical stimuli. These results indicate that, in humans, a decrease in skin temperature following exposure to cool environments reduces thermal pain. Suppression of Adelta primary afferent cold fiber activity has been shown to increase cold pain produced by skin cooling. Our current findings may represent the reverse phenomenon, i.e., a reduction in thermal nociceptive transmission by the activation of Adelta cutaneous cold fibers.

The program of environmental improvement of the Tlalpan delegation; El programa de mejoramiento ambiental de la Delegacion Tlalpan

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sheinbaum, C [Instituto de Ingenieria de la UNAM (Mexico); Oven, M; Vazquez, O [Hagler Bailly Services, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico); Roman, G [Centro para la Produccion mas Limpia, IPN, Mexico, D. F. (Mexico)

1999-07-01

Mexico contributes with nearly 2% of the world-wide greenhouse effect gas emissions (GEG), it is the thirteenth country with greater carbon dioxide emissions in the world. In this document the initiative of the program of environmental improvement of the Tlalpan Delegation of Mexico City is presented, as a pilot example within the national efforts in the matter of possible diminution of GEG emissions. The premise of the Tlalpan Program is the following one: The projects that will be successful in the global scope will be those that entail local benefits. With base in this, one has focused in activities that simultaneously offer local economic benefits and global results of GEG reduction. [Spanish] Mexico contribuye con cerca del 2% de las emisiones mundiales de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI), es el decimotercer pais con mayores emisiones de bioxido de carbono en el mundo. En este documento se presenta la iniciativa del programa de mejoramiento ambiental de la Delegacion Tlalpan, de Mexico D. F. como un ejemplo piloto dentro de los esfuerzos nacionales en materia de posible disminucion de emisiones de GEI. La premisa del Programa Tlalpan es la siguiente: Los proyectos que tendran exito en el ambito global seran los que conllevan beneficios locales. Con base en esto, se ha enfocado en actividades que simultaneamente ofrecen beneficios economicos locales y resultados globales de reduccion de GEI.

Ambient radiation dose to the population of the city of Sao Paulo-Brazil: indoor gamma distribution

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Otsubo, Sergio M.; Yoshimura, Elizabeth M.

2001-01-01

The objective of this work is to present results of indoor ambient dose equivalent rate (H * (10)) in the city of Sao Paulo. Studies show that people of industrialized cities spend indoor approximately 80% of their time, and that there are great variations of the rate of H * (10) all over the world. Values of environmental radiation are important base to epidemiological studies, or analyses of consequences and effects of radioactive or nuclear accidents and also to assist research on biological effects of low doses, a very controversial subject in the literature. There are no reports in the literature about environmental radiation in the city of Sao Paulo, showing the important of this study. Environmental radiation exists everywhere in the planet, so the human beings are exposed to it at any time or place, being indoor or outdoor. Three types of commercial indoor ambient with large flow of the population were analyzed: bank offices, shops in the neighborhood of the banks, and shopping centers. A gamma ray portable spectrometer was used, composed by a crystal of NaI (Tl). The mean value of the H * (10) rate obtained was 173,8(17) nSv/h. The results analyzed by commerce type and by the health divisions of the city are also presented. (author)

Análise dos fundamentos teóricos associados à pesquisa contábil na área ambiental = Analysis of environmental accounting research theories

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luiz da Costa Laurencel

2010-01-01

Full Text Available O artigo apresenta os principais enfoques teóricos aplicáveis à Contabilidade Socioambiental,analisando seus aspectos positivos e limitações, particularizados à consolidação de uma teoriacontábil de cunho ambiental. Para isso, realiza-se uma revisão da bibliografia pertinente ao tema,buscando estabelecer uma taxonomia da literatura contábil desta natureza, e comentam-seoportunidades para o desenvolvimento de linhas de pesquisas alternativas ao mainstream. O estudodemonstra a existência de um pluralismo teórico aplicável ao campo socioambiental, concluindo quehá outros enfoques teóricos capazes de se contraporem às suposições do mainstream. Apesar de aortodoxia contábil estar fundamentada em paradigmas funcionalistas, existem opções alternativaspara explicar os fenômenos socioambientais dentro da Teoria da Contabilidade.This paper presents the major conceptual positions for Social and Environmental Accounting while analyzingtheir strengths and limitations with respect to the consolidation of social and environmental accountingtheory. In order to do this, a review of the relevant literature was carried out tht tried to establish a taxonomyof related accounting literature and comments regarding the opportunities for developing alternative lines ofresearch to the mainstream. The study shows that theoretical pluralism occurs in this field and concludesthat there are other theoretical approaches capable of challenging the existing mainstream assumptions.Although accounting orthodoxy is based upon functionalist paradigms, there are alternative options that maybe used to explain the social and environmental phenomena within accounting theory.

Cumplimiento con la legislación de ambientes libres de humo de tabaco en México Compliance with the tobacco smoke free ambience legislation in Mexico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tonatiuh Barrientos-Gutiérrez

2008-01-01

Full Text Available This essay tries o develop classification criteria to identify smoke-free spaces using environmental monitoring, direct inspection and worker reports, comparing their agreement and deriving a proposal useful for the epidemiological surveillance of environmental tobacco smoke. Environmental nicotine monitoring, direct inspections and worker’s surveys regarding tobacco smoke presence were conducted in ten institutions. For each method, criteria were defined to classify institutions as smoke-free spaces. Results were compared to evaluate between-methods agreement. Good agreement between environmental monitoring and direct inspections were observed, although they disagreed in 20% of the cases. Worker reports were too frequent to discriminate. Combining environmental monitoring and inspection would provide the most sensitive classification. Cost-effectiveness studies are required to identify the best strategy.Este texto pretende establecer criterios para identificar espacios libres de humo de tabaco ambiental (HTA utilizando monitoreo, inspección directa y reporte de los trabajadores, comparando su capacidad de discriminación y derivando una propuesta con aplicación a un sistema de vigilancia epidemiológica. En 10 instituciones se monitoreó nicotina ambiental, realizando inspecciones y obteniendo el reporte de los trabajadores sobre la presencia de HTA. Para cada método se definieron criterios para clasificar a las instituciones como espacios libres de HTA. Los resultados fueron comparados para analizar el nivel de acuerdo entre métodos. Se observó buen acuerdo entre monitoreo ambiental e inspección directa, discrepando en 20% de las decisiones. El reporte de los trabajadores fue demasiado frecuente para discriminar. La combinación del monitoreo ambiental con la inspección proporcionaría la clasificación más sensible. Se requieren estudios de costo-efectividad para identificar la mejor estrategia.

Educación ambiental en la crisis y crisis de la educación ambiental

OpenAIRE

Delgado Huertos, Enrique

2012-01-01

Producción Científica Es preciso repensar la Educación Ambiental una vez asumido que los ciudadanos despues de tres décadas de mensajes y actividades educativas, si bien han cambiado su percepción de los problemas ambientales, apenas ha variado su actitud y su compromiso personal en favor del medio ambiente. La educación ambiental ha de perder el carácter anecdótico y pasar de actividades aisladas, repetitivas y desconectadas del resto de los aprendizajes a una intervención basada en la si...

Research characteristics and status on Environmental Psychology: a bibliometric and knowledge mapping analysis

Science.gov (United States)

Xu, Jun Hua; Zhu, Lei Ye; Wang, Hai Bin

2018-06-01

Environmental psychology is an interdisciplinary field that focuses on the interplay between individuals and their built and natural environments. Great progress has been made in the areas of environmental psychology by researchers form many countries. However, a thorough quantitative analysis to the emergent research trends and topics has not been found. To reveal the research characteristics and status on Environmental Psychology, 853 related papers from Web of Science core collection were analysed by CiteSpace II. The results show that: (1) the domain of Environmental Psychology was started in 1960s and showed a low growth over the past half century, which reaches a historical peak in 2017. Gifford, USA and the Journal of Environmental Psychology top the list of contributing authors, country and publication respectively. (2) "Environmental Psychology" is the most frequently keywords and has the longest span of the bursts. "ambient scent", "recycling", "children as outsiders" and "ambient temperature" are the top four largest clusters, which are the popular research topics in the domain of environmental psychology.

La arquitectura el Bienestar: el ambiente físico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Casal, José M.

1978-05-01

Full Text Available Recently several meetings were held in the COAM, sponsored by the Culture Commission to discuss THE ARCHITECTURE OF WELL-BEING: THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT, an aspect frequently marginated by the architect while the user's demands increase, as well as the complexity of harmonizing creativity and technology. As a result of these meetings, the Culture Commission, with the collaboration of ADAE, plan to carry out several programs in an attempt to contribute to improving the physical environment in the architectonic interior and so that the architect be in charge of the environmental design. This article includes the author's general impressions, as well as some comments by those who attended the meetings and by well-known foreign architects.

Recientemente se han celebrado en el COAM unas reuniones convocadas por la Comisión de Cultura para hablar de la ARQUITECTURA DEL BIENESTAR: EL AMBIENTE FÍSICO, aspecto con frecuencia marginado por el arquitecto, mientras se incrementan las exigencias del usuario, así como la complejidad de armonizar creatividad y tecnología. Como resultado de estas reuniones, la Comisión de Cultura, con la colaboración de ADAE, prevé realizar diversas actuaciones en un intento de contribuir a la mejora del ambiente físico en el interior arquitectónico y a que el arquitecto lleve la dirección real del diseño ambiental. En este artículo se recogen unas impresiones generales del autor, así como algunos comentarios de los que asistieron a las reuniones y de conocidos arquitectos extranjeros.

Spatial Analysis of BioAmbients

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nielson, Hanne Riis; Nielson, Flemming; Pilegaard, Henrik

2004-01-01

Programming language technology can contribute to the development and understanding of Systems Biology by providing formal calculi for specifying and analysing the dynamic behaviour of biological systems. Our focus is on BioAmbients, a variation of the ambient calculi developed for modelling...

Indicadores de salud ambiental

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Manuel Posada de la Paz

2004-12-01

Full Text Available Esta ponencia presenta una visión general del proyecto de Indicadores de Salud Ambiental, coordinado por la OMS a nivel internacional y liderado por el Centro de Investigación sobre el Síndrome del Aceite Tóxico y Enfermedades Raras (CISATER en España. En ella se describen los objetivos del proyecto, las gestiones realizadas y los resultados obtenidos durante la fase de viabilidad de este proyecto. El proyecto consiste en el establecimiento de un sistema de información sobre salud ambiental que permita desarrollar una vigilancia de los factores ambientales determinantes de los estados de salud, realizar comparaciones internacionales, elaborar políticas de acción, así como facilitar la comunicación con la ciudadanía. La OMS desarrolló una metodología para el desarrollo de estos indicadores dentro del marco conceptual de información ambiental DPSEEA (Fuerzas impulsoras, Presión, Estado, Exposición, Efecto, Acción y seleccionó un total de 55 indicadores (que incluyen 168 variables sobre 10 áreas de la salud ambiental. Durante la fase de viabilidad se predijo que podrían obtenerse el 89% de los indicadores. Sin embargo la recolección de los datos supuso muchas dificultades debido a la incompatibilidad de algunas variables en los sistemas de información españoles con las variables definidas por la OMS. A nivel de gestión del proyecto, la mayor dificultad radica en la disparidad de responsabilidades en materia de medio ambiente y salud entre las instituciones españolas. Además de la aportación técnica a la salud ambiental en España, un valor añadido de este proyecto ha sido el establecimiento de líneas de colaboración estrechas con los responsables de los diferentes Ministerios implicados.

Environmental implications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Clark, K.

1997-01-01

The environmental concerns typical of the Canadian Arctic and the Beaufort Sea, which impacted on oil and gas exploration were discussed. Environmental regulations and legislation in existence were explained. Most regulations required submission of permit applications that among other things, described the type of equipment to be used and the time and duration of the use. Companies also had to demonstrate that they had the capability to deal with oil spill scenarios. If an oil spill had a significant effect on the numbers of animals, the Inuit would have to be compensated. According to members of the native population, much damage was done initially to wildlife habitats and population, although this improved somewhat later as regulations concerning seismic and explosive activities were strengthened and technology improved, producing fewer harmful environmental impacts. All in all, activity in the Beaufort Sea did not result in any major environmental disasters, but there were many disturbances in the seafloor, permafrost and ice dynamics, as well as an increase in ambient noise levels which resulted in behavioural changes in the organisms close to the drilling activities. 19 figs

Gestão e estratégia ambiental: um estudo bibliométrico sobre o interesse do tema nos periódicos acadêmicos brasileiros Gestión ambiental y estrategia: un estudio bibliométrico sobre el tema de interés en revistas académica brasileña Environmental management and strategy: a bibliometric study on the theme of interest in Brazilian academic journals

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Simone Sehnem

2012-08-01

ículos en la muestra. Los años de la publicación de los artículos fueron mayores en 2006 (20 y 2009 (24. Los autores que han publicado más han participado en siete diferentes artículos de la muestra. Se señaló que desde 2000 hasta 2009 hubo un buen crecimiento de las revistas brasileñas y el número de artículos publicados que citan los términos de búsqueda, incluyendo números especiales sobre el tema ambiental, pero con la difusión insignificante en publicaciones brasileñas, desde que se identificó sólo de los términos clave en relación con un artículo de cada diez cuestiones examinadas. Se espera que este trabajo puede contribuir, desde la identificación cuantitativa de los artículos, revistas y autores que han citado este términos de la consulta de búsqueda (como la inclusión en el apêndice 1, para establecer el estado de la técnica y dar a conocer la fundamentación teórica de nacionales tema de las cuestiones ambientales relacionadas con la gestión, la estrategia y el desempeño organizacional.This study aimed to identify changes in the interest of the administration area on issues of environmental management, environmental strategy, environmental performance and strategic environmental assessment (in Portuguese, English or Spanish by checking the articles with these themes in journals. We carried out a bibliometric study with a quantitative approach, in 44 Brazilian journals classified by the system in 2008 Qualis/CAPES - Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel, such as A1, A2, B1 and B2, to the area of Administration, Accounting and Tourism. We surveyed 1203 editions available electronically, between 2000 and 2009, with the identification of 113 articles in 22 journals, citing some of the search terms in the body text. Articles were evaluated using the following parameters: identification of the journal, the occurrence of key terms, date of publication, and authorship. It was identified that only five journals

Influence of solar radiation and biotic interactions on bacterial and eukaryotic communities associated with sewage decomposition in ambient water

Science.gov (United States)

Sewage and ambient water both consist of a highly complex array of bacteria and eukaryotic microbes. When these communities are mixed, the persistence of sewage-derived pathogens in environmental waters can represent a significant public health concern. Solar radiation and biot...

Medio ambiente y educación ambiental: representaciones sociales de los profesores en formación

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Raúl Calixto Flores

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Una de las líneas actuales de investigación educativa que aporta elementos valiosos para comprender los procesos de formación de los sujetos es la que corresponde a las representaciones sociales. En este artículo se describen los aspectos centrales de la investigación Representaciones del medio ambiente de los estudiantes de la licenciatura en educación primaria. Con las representaciones los estudiantes discriminan espacio-temporalmente los elementos del medio ambiente, estableciendo correspondencias con las prácticas sociales. Entre los resultados de la investigación referida se encuentra la existencia de una relación entre las representaciones del medio ambiente y las corrientes de la educación ambiental.

Medio ambiente y educación ambiental: representaciones sociales de los profesores en formación

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Raúl Calixto Flores

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Una de las líneas actuales de investigación educativa que aporta elementos valiosos para comprender los procesos de formación de los sujetos es la que corresponde a las representaciones sociales. En este artículo se describen los aspectos centrales de la investigación Representaciones del medio ambiente de los estudiantes de la licenciatura en educación primaria. Con las representaciones los estudiantes discriminan espaciotemporalmente los elementos del medio ambiente, estableciendo correspondencias con las prácticas sociales. Entre los resultados de la investigación referida se encuentra la existencia de una relación entre las representaciones del medio ambiente y las corrientes de la educación ambiental.

Impact of a new gasoline benzene regulation on ambient air pollutants in Anchorage, Alaska

Science.gov (United States)

Yano, Yuriko; Morris, Stephen S.; Salerno, Christopher; Schlapia, Anne M.; Stichick, Mathew

2016-05-01

The purpose of this study was to quantify the impact of a new U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standard that limits the amount of benzene allowed in gasoline on ambient benzene concentrations. This new standard, together with two companion regulations that limit cold-temperature automotive emissions and the permeability of portable fuel containers, was expected to lower the levels of ambient benzene and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) nationwide. In this study the impact of the gasoline benzene standard was evaluated in Anchorage, Alaska in a two-phase ambient air monitoring study conducted before and after the new gasoline standard was implemented. Gasoline sold by Anchorage retailers was also evaluated in each phase to determine the content of benzene and other gasoline components. The average benzene content in Anchorage gasoline was reduced by 70%, from 5.05% (w/w) to 1.53% (w/w) following the implementation of the standard. The annual mean ambient benzene concentration fell by 51%, from 0.99 ppbv in Phase 1 to 0.49 ppbv in Phase 2. Analysis suggests the change in gasoline benzene content alone reduced benzene emissions by 46%. The changes in toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene content in gasoline between Phase 1 and 2 were relatively small and the differences in the mean ambient concentrations of these compounds between phases were modest. Our results suggest that cold winter communities in high latitude and mountainous regions may benefit more from the gasoline benzene standard because of high benzene emissions resulting from vehicle cold start and a tendency to develop atmospheric stagnation conditions in the winter.

Focusing on Environmental Biofilms With Variable-Pressure Scanning Electron Microscopy

Science.gov (United States)

Joubert, L.; Wolfaardt, G. M.; Du Plessis, K.

2006-12-01

Since the term biofilm has been coined almost 30 years ago, visualization has formed an integral part of investigations on microbial attachment. Electron microscopic (EM) biofilm studies, however, have been limited by the hydrated extracellular matrix which loses structural integrity with conventional preparative techniques, and under required high-vacuum conditions, resulting in a loss of information on spatial relationships and distribution of biofilm microbes. Recent advances in EM technology enable the application of Variable Pressure Scanning Electron Microscopy (VP SEM) to biofilms, allowing low vacuum and hydrated chamber atmosphere during visualization. Environmental biofilm samples can be viewed in situ, unfixed and fully hydrated, with application of gold-sputter-coating only, to increase image resolution. As the impact of microbial biofilms can be both hazardous and beneficial to man and his environment, recognition of biofilms as a natural form of microbial existence is needed to fully assess the potential role of microbial communities on technology. The integration of multiple techniques to elucidate biofilm processes has become imperative for unraveling complex phenotypic adaptations of this microbial lifestyle. We applied VP SEM as integrative technique with traditional and novel analytical techniques to (1)localize lignocellulosic microbial consortia applied for producing alternative bio-energy sources in the mining wastewater industry, (2) characterize and visualize wetland microbial communities in the treatment of winery wastewater, and (3)determine the impact of recombinant technology on yeast biofilm behavior. Visualization of microbial attachment to a lignocellulose substrate, and degradation of exposed plant tissue, gave insight into fiber degradation and volatile fatty acid production for biological sulphate removal from mining wastewater. Also, the 3D-architecture of complex biofilms developing in constructed wetlands was correlated with