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Sample records for alloy-ni80fe16mo4

  1. Effect of crystallization on corrosion behavior of Fe40Ni38B18Mo4 amorphous alloy in 3.5% sodium chloride solution

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Wu, Y.F.; Chiang, Wen-Chi; Wu, J.K.

    2008-01-01

    After the crystallization of F40Ni38B18Mo4 amorphous alloy by vacuum annealing, the corrosion resistance of its crystalline state shows inferior to its amorphous state due to the local cell action between Ni phase and (Fe, Ni, Mo)(23)B-6 phase in matrix.......After the crystallization of F40Ni38B18Mo4 amorphous alloy by vacuum annealing, the corrosion resistance of its crystalline state shows inferior to its amorphous state due to the local cell action between Ni phase and (Fe, Ni, Mo)(23)B-6 phase in matrix....

  2. Experimental observations of transient phases during long-range ordering to Ni4Mo in a Ni-Mo-Fe-Cr alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tawancy, H.M.; Aboelfotoh, M.O.

    1987-01-01

    Experimental observations are reported of transient phases which form during long-range ordering to Ni 4 Mo (f.c.c. → Dl/sub a/ superlattice) in the quaternary alloy Ni-19.2 at% Mo-1.2 at% Fe-1.06 at% Cr using electron diffraction. In the early stages of ordering during isothermal annealing, diffuse intensity maxima centered at the short-range order reflections (1 1/2 O)/sub f.c.c./ and along /sub f.c.c./ directions are observed. Subsequently, a DO 22 superlattice is generated from the short-range order state. The coexistence of the DO 22 , Pt 2 Mo-type, and Dl/sub a/ superlattices is observed in this alloy system which indicates that these three superlattices have similar energy. With continued annealing, both the DO 22 and Pt 2 Mo-type superlattices have similar energy. With continued annealing, both the DO 22 and Pt 2 Mo-type superlattices disappear, indicating that they are transient phases. These results are not inconsistent with the theoretical treatments of ordered alloys which are based on an Ising model with pairwise atomic interactions. (author)

  3. Soft magnetic properties of hybrid ferromagnetic films with CoFe, NiFe, and NiFeCuMo layers

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Choi, Jong-Gu [Eastern-western Biomedical Engineering, Sangji University, Wonju 220-702 (Korea, Republic of); Hwang, Do-Guwn [Dept. of Oriental Biomedical Engineering, Sangji University, Wonju 220-702 (Korea, Republic of); Rhee, Jang-Roh [Dept. of Physics, Sookmyung Women' s University, Seoul 140-742 (Korea, Republic of); Lee, Sang-Suk, E-mail: sslee@sangji.ac.kr [Dept. of Oriental Biomedical Engineering, Sangji University, Wonju 220-702 (Korea, Republic of)

    2011-09-30

    Two-layered ferromagnetic alloy films (NiFe and CoFe) with intermediate NiFeCuMo soft magnetic layers of different thicknesses were investigated to understand the relationship between coercivity and magnetization process by taking into account the strength of hard-axis saturation field. The thickness dependence of H{sub EC} (easy-axis coercivity), H{sub HS} (hard-axis saturation field), and {chi} (susceptibility) of the NiFeCuMo thin films in glass/Ta(5 nm)/[CoFe or NiFe(5 nm-t/2)]/NiFeCuMo(t = 0, 4, 6, 8, 10 nm)/[CoFe or NiFe(5 nm-t/2)]/Ta(5 nm) films prepared using the ion beam deposition method was determined. The magnetic properties (H{sub EC}, H{sub HS}, and {chi}) of the ferromagnetic CoFe, NiFe three-layers with an intermediate NiFeCuMo super-soft magnetic layer were strongly dependent on the thickness of the NiFeCuMo layer.

  4. Annealing effect on redistribution of atoms in austenite of Fe-Ni-Mo and Fe-Ni-Si alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rodionov, Yu.L.; Isfandiyarov, G.G.; Zambrzhitskij, V.N.

    1980-01-01

    Using the Moessbauer spectrum method, studied has been the change in the fine atomic structure of the Fe-(28-36)%Ni austenite alloys with Mo and Si additives during annealing in the 200-800 deg C range. Also, the energy of the activation of processes, occurring at the annealing temperatures of below 500 deg C has been researched. On the basis of the obtained results a conclusion is drawn that the annealing of the investigated alloys at 300-500 deg C is conducive to the redistribution of the atoms of the alloying element and to the formation of regions with a higher content of Ni and Mo(Si) atoms

  5. Development of Fe-B Based Bulk Metallic Glasses: Morphology of Residual Phases in Fe50Ni16Mo6B18Zr10 Glass

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tiburce A. Aboki

    2013-04-01

    Full Text Available Iron-boron based bulk metallic glasses (BMG development has been initiated using Fe40Ni38Mo4B18 as precursor. Addition of zirconium up to 10 atomic % along with the reduction of Ni proportion improves the glass forming ability (GFA, which is optimum when Ni is suppressed in the alloy. However melting instability occurred during the materials fabrication resulting in the formation of residual crystalline phases closely related to the amorphous phase. Microstructure study shows an evolution from amorphous structure to peculiar acicular structure, particularly for Fe50Ni16Mo6B18Zr10, suggesting the amorphous structure as interconnected atomic sheets like “atomic mille feuilles” whose growth affects the alloys’ GFA.

  6. Acoustic properties of TiNiMoFe base alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gyunter, V.Eh.; Chernyshev, V.I.; Chekalkin, T.L.

    2000-01-01

    The regularity of changing the acoustic properties of the TiNi base alloys in dependence on the alloy composition and impact temperature is studied. It is shown that the oscillations of the TiNiMoFe base alloys within the temperature range of the B2 phase existence and possible appearance of the martensite under the load differ from the traditional materials oscillations. After excitation of spontaneous oscillations within the range of M f ≤ T ≤ M d there exists the area of long-term and low-amplitude low-frequency acoustic oscillations. It is established that free low-frequency oscillations of the TH-10 alloy sample are characterized by the low damping level in the given temperature range [ru

  7. X-ray fluorescence analysis of Fe - Ni - Mo systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Belyaev, E.E.; Ershov, A.V.; Mashin, A.I.; Mashin, N.I.; Rudnevskij, N.K.

    1998-01-01

    Procedures for the X-ray fluorescence determination of the composition and thickness of Fe - Ni - Mo thin films and the concentration of elements in thick films of the Fe - Ni - Mo alloy are developed [ru

  8. Resonant Ni and Fe KLL Auger spectra photoexcited from NiFe alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Koever, L.; Cserny, I.; Berenyi, Z.; Egri, S.; Novak, M.

    2005-01-01

    Complete text of publication follows. KLL Auger spectra of 3d transition metal atoms in solid environment, measured using high energy resolution, give an insight into the details of the local electronic structure surrounding the particular atoms emitting the signal Auger electrons. Fine tuning the energy of the exciting monochromatic photons across the K-absorption edge, features characteristic to resonant phenomena can be identified in the spectra. The shapes of the resonantly photoexcited KLL Auger spectra induced from 3d transition metals and alloys are well interpreted by the single step model of the Auger process, based on the resonant scattering theory. The peak shapes are strongly influenced by the 4p partial density of unoccupied electronic states around the excited atom. High energy resolution studies of KLL Auger spectra of 3d transition metals using laboratory X-ray sources, however, request very demanding experiments and yield spectra of limited statistical quality making the evaluation of the fine details in the spectra difficult. The Tunable High Energy XPS (THE- XPS) instrument at BW2 offers optimum photon x and energy resolution for spectroscopy of deep core Auger transitions. For the present measurements high purity polycrystalline Ni and Fe sheets as well as NiFe alloy samples of different compositions (Ni 80 Fe 20 , Ni 50 Fe 50 , Ni 20 Fe 80 ) were used. The surfaces of the samples were cleaned by in-situ argon ion sputtering. The measurements of the Ni and Fe KL 23 L 23 Auger spectra of the metal and alloy samples were performed with the THE-XPS instrument using high electron energy resolution (0.2 eV). In Fig.1, the measured Fe KL 23 L 23 spectrum, photoexcited at the Fe K absorption edge from Fe metal, is compared with the respective spectrum excited from a Ni 50 Fe 50 alloy. A significant broadening of the 1 D 2 peak and an enhancement of the spectral intensity at the low energy loss part of this peak observed in the alloy sample, while the

  9. Martensite. gamma. -->. cap alpha. transformations in various purity Fe-Ni-Mo alloys

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Nikitina, I.I.; Rozhkova, A.S. (Tsentral' nyj Nauchno-Issledovatel' skij Inst. Chernoj Metallurgii, Moscow (USSR))

    1982-06-01

    Kinetics of isothermal and athermal ..gamma.. ..-->.. ..cap alpha.. martensitic transitions in the Fe-25.5% Ni-4.5% Mo alloys with different degree of purity is studied. The determinant role of dislocation blocking by interstitials in stabilization of isothermal martensitic transformation is displayed. Presented are the data permitting to consider that the character of martensitic transition kinetics is determined by the ratio of the process moving force and resistance to microplastic deformation.

  10. Alloying effect on hardening of martensite stainless steels of the Fe-Cr-Ni and Fe-Cr-Co systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fel'dgandler, Eh.G.; Savkina, L.Ya.

    1975-01-01

    The effect of alloying elements is considered on the γ → a-transformation and hardening of certain compositions of the ternary Fe-Cr-Ni- and Fe-Cr-Co alloy systems with the martensite structure. In martensite Fe-(10 to 14)% Cr base steels the elements Co, Cu, W, Ni, Mo, Si, Cr decrease, Mn, Si, Mo, Cu increase, and Cr, Ni, Co decrease the temperature of α → γ-transition. The tempering of martensite steels of the Fe-Cr-Ni- and Fe-Cr-Co-systems containing 10 to 14% Cr, 4 to 9% Ni, and 7 to 12% Co does not lead to hardening. Alloyage of the martensite Fe-Cr-Ni-, Fe-Cr-Co- and Fe-Cr-Ni-Co base separately with Mo, W, Si or Cu leads to a hardening during tempering, the hardening being the higher, the higher is the content of Ni and, especially, of Co. The increase in the content of Mo or Si produces the same effect as the increase in the Co content. In on Fe-Cr-Co or Fe-Cr-Ni-Co based steels alloyed with Mo or Si, two temperature ranges of ageing have been revealed which, evidently, have different hardening natures. The compositions studied could serve as the base material for producing maraging stainless steels having a complex variety of properties

  11. Phase transitions in alloys of the Ni-Mo system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ustinovshikov, Y.; Shabanova, I.

    2011-01-01

    Graphical abstract: The structure of Ni-20 at.% Mo and Ni-25 at.% Mo alloys was studied by methods of TEM and XPS. It is shown that at high temperatures the tendency toward phase separation takes place in the alloys and crystalline bcc Mo particles precipitate in the liquid solution. At 900 deg. C and below, the tendency toward ordering leads to the dissolution of Mo particles and precipitation of the particles of Ni 3 Mo, Ni 2 Mo or Ni 4 Mo chemical compounds. Highlights: → 'Chemical' phase transition 'ordering-phase separation' is first discovered in alloys of the Ni-Mo system. → It is first shown that the phase separation in the alloys studied begins at temperatures above the liquidus one. → The formation of Ni 3 Mo from A1 has gone through the intervening stage of the Ni 4 Mo and Ni 2 Mo coexistence. - Abstract: The structure of Ni-20 at.% Mo and Ni-25 at.% Mo alloys heat treated at different temperatures was studied by the method of transmission electron microscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to detect the sign of the chemical interaction between Ni and Mo atoms at different temperatures. It is shown that at high temperatures the tendency toward phase separation takes place. The system of additional reflections at positions {1 1/2 0} on the electron diffraction patterns testifies that the precipitation of crystalline bcc Mo particles begins in the liquid solution. At 900 deg. C and below, the tendency toward ordering leads to the precipitation of the particles of the chemical compounds. A body-centered tetragonal phase Ni 4 Mo (D1 a ) is formed in the Ni-20 at.% Mo alloy. In the Ni-25 at.% Mo alloy, the formation of the Ni 3 Mo (D0 22 ) chemical compound from the A1 solid solution has gone through the intervening stage of the Ni 4 Mo (D1 a ) and Ni 2 Mo (Pt 2 Mo) formation.

  12. Effect of Mo concentration and aging time on the magnetic and mechanical hardness of Fe-xMo-5Ni-0.05C alloys (x = 5, 8, 11 and 15 wt. (%

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mauro Carlos Lopes Souza

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Changes to the microestructure during thermal aging treatment at 610 ºC in Fe-xMo-5Ni-0.05C alloys were studied for different aging times with different Mo concentrations. The heat treatment at 610 ºC induces carbide precipitation into the metallic matrix near Fe2Mo phase. The X-ray diffraction studies revealed a more intense precipitation of α-FeMo, Fe3Mo, R(Fe63Mo37 phases and MoC, Fe2MoC carbides for the alloys containing 15 and 11% Mo, respectively. This work shows that hardness and coercive force changes are function of the molybdenum content and aging time variation. Vickers hardness and coercive force both increase with the increase of molybdenum content and reach maximum values at 4 and 1h of aging, respectively.

  13. Effect of Molybdenum on the Corrosion Behavior of High-Entropy Alloys CoCrFeNi2 and CoCrFeNi2Mo0.25 under Sodium Chloride Aqueous Conditions

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alvaro A. Rodriguez

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available The corrosion behavior of high-entropy alloys (HEAs CoCrFeNi2 and CoCrFeNi2Mo0.25 was investigated in 3.5 wt. percent sodium chloride (NaCl at 25°C by electrochemical methods. Their corrosion parameters were compared to those of HASTELLOY® C-276 (UNS N10276 and stainless steel 316L (UNS 31600 to assess the suitability of HEAs for potential industrial applications in NaCl simulating seawater type environments. The corrosion rates were calculated using corrosion current determined from electrochemical experiments for each of the alloys. In addition, potentiodynamic polarization measurements can indicate active, passive, and transpassive behavior of the metal as well as potential susceptibility to pitting corrosion. Cyclic voltammetry (CV can confirm the alloy susceptibility to pitting corrosion. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS elucidates the corrosion mechanism under studied conditions. The results of the electrochemical experiments and scanning electron microscopy (SEM analyses of the corroded surfaces revealed general corrosion on alloy CoCrFeNi2Mo0.25 and HASTELLOY C-276 and pitting corrosion on alloy CoCrFeNi2 and stainless steel 316L.

  14. Low-cost, high-strength Fe--Ni--Cr alloys for high temperature exhaust valve application

    Science.gov (United States)

    Muralidharan, Govindarajan

    2017-09-05

    An Fe--Ni--Cr alloy is composed essentially of, in terms of wt. %: 2.4 to 3.7 Al, up to 1.05 Co, 14.8 to 15.9 Cr, 25 to 36 Fe, up to 1.2 Hf, up to 4 Mn, up to 0.6 Mo, up to 2.2 Nb, up to 1.05 Ta, 1.9 to 3.6 Ti, up to 0.08 W, up to 0.03 Zr, 0.18 to 0.27 C, up to 0.0015 N, balance Ni, wherein, in terms of atomic percent: 8.5.ltoreq.Al+Ti+Zr+Hf+Ta.ltoreq.11.5, 0.53.ltoreq.Al/(Al+Ti+Zr+Hf+Ta).ltoreq.0.65, and 0.16.ltoreq.Cr/(Fe+Ni+Cr+Mn).ltoreq.0.21, the alloy being essentially free of Cu, Si, and V.

  15. Ternary alloying study of MoSi2

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yi, D.; Li, C.; Akselsen, O.M.; Ulvensoen, J.H.

    1998-01-01

    Ternary alloying of MoSi 2 with adding a series of transition elements was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Iron, Co, Ni, Cr, V, Ti, and Nb were chosen as alloying elements according to the AB 2 structure map or the atomic size factor. The studied MoSi 2 base alloys were prepared by the arc melting process from high-purity metals. The EDS analysis showed that Fe, Co, and Ni have no solid solubility in as-cast MoSi 2 , while Cr, V, Ti, and Nb exhibit limited solid solubilities, which were determined to be 1.4 ± 0.7, 1.4 ± 0.4, 0.4 ± 0.1, and 0.8 ± 0.1. Microstructural characterization indicated that Mo-Si-M VIII (M VIII = Fe, Co, Ni) and Mo-Si-Cr alloys have a two-phase as-cast microstructure, i.e., MoSi 2 matrix and the second-phase FeSi 2 , CoSi, NiSi 2 , and CrSi 2 , respectively. In as-cast Mo-Si-V, Mo-Si-Ti, and Mo-Si-Nb alloys, besides MoSi 2 and C40 phases, the third phases were observed, which have been identified to be (Mo, V) 5 Si 3 , TiSi 2 , and (Mo, Nb) 5 Si 3

  16. On the corrosion testing of weldments of high alloyed CrNiMo-stainless steels and NiCrMo-alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Riedel, G.; Voigt, C.; Werner, H.

    1997-01-01

    Weldments of high-alloyed CrNiMo stainless steels and NiCrMo alloys can be more susceptible to localized corrosion than the solution annealed basic material owing to segregations and precipitations in the heat affected zone, the high temperature zone and/or in the weld. To investigate these differences the FeCl 3 -test (10% FeCl 3 . 6aq), the test ''green death'' (11.5% H 2 SO 4 , 1.2% HCl, 1% CuCl 2 , 1% FeCl 3 ) as well as chronopotentiostatic tests in artificial sea water or in 3% NaCl-solution are used. In particular for testing the highest alloyed materials a CaCl 2 -test was developed (4.5 M CaCl 2 , chronopotentiostatic test in duration of 8 to 10 hours at + 200 mV (SCE)), which can be carried out to a temperature of 115 C at atmospheric pressure. The aggressivity increases in the range FeCl 3 -test, ''green death''-test, CaCl 2 -test. Matching and graduated over-alloyed weldments (TIG, heat input of 7 and 15.5 kJ/cm) of materials 1.4529, 1.4562, 2.4856, 2.4819 (german materials No.) are comparingly examined in various tests, of materials 1.4406, 1.4539, 1.4439 and 1.4563 (german materials No.) only matching weldments in the FeCl 3 -test. In strongly oxidizing media only a highly over-alloyed performed weldment (filler material 2.4607, german material No.) produces the best corrosion behaviour, measured as the critical temperatures of localized corrosion. Measurements of critical current densities of passivation can be used for investigations of corrosion behaviour of weldments, too. Critical current densities of passivation are showing a tendency to inverse proportion to the critical temperatures of localized corrosion. Suitable electrolytes are among others 0.2 M H 2 SO 4 + 1 M NaCl + 10 -3 % KSCN, N 2 -bubbled, 25 to 60 C and xM H 2 SO 4 + 4 M NaCl + 10 -3 % KSCN (x = 0.05 to 1), 25 C, in contact with air. An influence of heat input at the welding is indicated in the test of localized corrosion, but it is only small. It is sometimes more clearly shown at

  17. Cathodic Electrodeposition of Ni-Mo on Semiconducting NiFe2 O4 for Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Evolution in Alkaline Media.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wijten, Jochem H J; Jong, Ronald P H; Mul, Guido; Weckhuysen, Bert M

    2018-04-25

    Photocathodes for hydrogen evolution from water were made by electrodeposition of Ni-Mo layers on NiFe 2 O 4 substrates, deposited by spin coating on F:SnO 2 -glass. Analysis confirmed the formation of two separate layers, without significant reduction of NiFe 2 O 4 . Bare NiFe 2 O 4 was found to be unstable under alkaline conditions during (photo)electrochemistry. To improve the stability significantly, the deposition of a bifunctional Ni-Mo layer through a facile electrodeposition process was performed and the composite electrodes showed stable operation for at least 1 h. Moreover, photocurrents up to -2.1 mA cm -2 at -0.3 V vs. RHE were obtained for Ni-Mo/NiFe 2 O 4 under ambient conditions, showing that the new combination functions as both a stabilizing and catalytic layer for the photoelectrochemical evolution of hydrogen. The photoelectrochemical response of these composite electrodes decreased with increasing NiFe 2 O 4 layer thickness. Transient absorption spectroscopy showed that the lifetime of excited states is short and on the ns timescale. An increase in lifetime was observed for NiFe 2 O 4 of large layer thickness, likely explained by decreasing the defect density in the primary layer(s), as a result of repetitive annealing at elevated temperature. The photoelectrochemical and transient absorption spectroscopy results indicated that a short charge carrier lifetime limits the performance of Ni-Mo/NiFe 2 O 4 photocathodes. © 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  18. The use of nitrogen to improve the corrosion resistance of FeCrNiMo alloys for the chemical process industries

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kearns, J.R.; Deverell, H.E.

    1987-06-01

    The addition of 0.1 to 0.25 wt% nitrogen to austenitic alloys has been shown to enhance resistance to localized corrosion in oxidizing chloride and reducing acid solutions. Further tests of FeCrNiMo alloys assess the effects of nitrogen additions on: mechanical properties, chloride and caustic stress corrosion cracking resistance, passivation characteristics, and general corrosion rates in various acid, alkali, and salt solutions pertinent to the chemical process industries. The precipitation of chromium-rich secondary phases was retarded by solid solution additions of 0.1 to 0.25 wt% nitrogen. The corrosion resistance of FeCrNiMoN alloys in the welded condition was improved by using shield-gas mixtures of argon and 2.5 to 5.0 wt% nitrogen.

  19. Moessbauer study of corrosion products formed on Fe80B20 and Fe40Ni40 (MoB)20 amorphous alloys in an SO2-polluted atmosphere

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Davalos, J.; Marco, J.F.; Gracia, M.; Gancedo, J.R.; Greneche, J.M.

    1990-01-01

    ICEMS, XPS, XRD, and AES have been used to study the corrosion layers formed on two metallic glasses, Fe 80 B 20 and Fe 40 Ni 40 (MoB) 20 (2605 and 2826 MB, Allied Company), exposed to an SO 2 -polluted humid atmosphere. The iron-containing corrosion products are the same found for pure iron in the same environment, but different relative concentrations were clearly evidenced by ICEMS results. Elemental sulphur, Ni(OH) 2 , and B(OH) 3 , the latter enriched at the surface, were found by XPS, XRD and AES. (orig.)

  20. Synthesis and characterization of the Fe-18%Ni-12%Co-4,9%Mo-1,5%Ti alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nunes, G.C.S.; Biondo, V.; Nunes, M.V.S.; Paesano Junior, A.; Sarvezuk, P.W.C.; Blanco, M.C.

    2014-01-01

    The Fe-18%Ni-12%Co-4,9%Mo-1,5%Ti was made by arc-melting and submitted to different heat treatments, for solubilization in the γ - phase (austenite), followed by cooling to the room temperature, and also for further aging. The prepared alloys were characterized by X-ray diffraction (Rietveld method) and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The results showed that the cooling induced the system to a martensitic transformation, crystallizing it into a cubic structure (martensite). The crystallographic parameters and the hyperfine parameters obtained by Mössbauer Spectroscopy are consistent with those found in literature for Maraging-350 steels. The aging treatments generates the formation of reversed austenite in relative amounts that vary with the temperature and time of treatment. (author)

  1. Simultaneous effect of mechanical alloying and arc-melting processes in the microstructure and hardness of an AlCoFeMoNiTi high-entropy alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Baldenebro-Lopez, F.J.; Herrera-Ramírez, J.M.; Arredondo-Rea, S.P.; Gómez-Esparza, C.D.; Martínez-Sánchez, R.

    2015-01-01

    Highlights: • Multi-component systems of AlCoFeMoNiTi were produced by mechanical alloying. • Consolidated samples were fabricated by two different processing routes, sintering and arc melting. • Effect of routes of consolidation on microstructural evolution and microhardness is reported. • High hardness values are found in consolidated samples. • Alloying elements, grain size, and precipitates have a high effect on microhardness. - Abstract: A nanostructured AlCoFeMoNiTi high entropy alloy was synthesized through the mechanical alloying process. Bulk samples were obtained by two different routes to compare the microstructural evolution and hardness behavior: sintering and arc melting. Through electron microscopy analyses the formation of Mo-rich and Ti-rich phases were identified in the melted sample, while Ti-rich nano-precipitates were observed in the sintered sample. A higher microhardness value was achieved on the sintered sample than for the melted sample. The disadvantage of porosity in the sintered sample in comparison to the melted one was overcome by the hardening effect produced by the mechanical alloying

  2. Simultaneous effect of mechanical alloying and arc-melting processes in the microstructure and hardness of an AlCoFeMoNiTi high-entropy alloy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Baldenebro-Lopez, F.J. [Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados (CIMAV), Laboratorio Nacional de Nanotecnología, Miguel de Cervantes 120, 31109 Chihuahua, Chih. (Mexico); Facultad de Ingeniería Mochis, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Prol. Ángel Flores y Fuente de Poseidón, S.N., 81223 Los Mochis, Sinaloa (Mexico); Herrera-Ramírez, J.M. [Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados (CIMAV), Laboratorio Nacional de Nanotecnología, Miguel de Cervantes 120, 31109 Chihuahua, Chih. (Mexico); Arredondo-Rea, S.P. [Facultad de Ingeniería Mochis, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Prol. Ángel Flores y Fuente de Poseidón, S.N., 81223 Los Mochis, Sinaloa (Mexico); Gómez-Esparza, C.D. [Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados (CIMAV), Laboratorio Nacional de Nanotecnología, Miguel de Cervantes 120, 31109 Chihuahua, Chih. (Mexico); Martínez-Sánchez, R., E-mail: roberto.martinez@cimav.edu.mx [Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados (CIMAV), Laboratorio Nacional de Nanotecnología, Miguel de Cervantes 120, 31109 Chihuahua, Chih. (Mexico)

    2015-09-15

    Highlights: • Multi-component systems of AlCoFeMoNiTi were produced by mechanical alloying. • Consolidated samples were fabricated by two different processing routes, sintering and arc melting. • Effect of routes of consolidation on microstructural evolution and microhardness is reported. • High hardness values are found in consolidated samples. • Alloying elements, grain size, and precipitates have a high effect on microhardness. - Abstract: A nanostructured AlCoFeMoNiTi high entropy alloy was synthesized through the mechanical alloying process. Bulk samples were obtained by two different routes to compare the microstructural evolution and hardness behavior: sintering and arc melting. Through electron microscopy analyses the formation of Mo-rich and Ti-rich phases were identified in the melted sample, while Ti-rich nano-precipitates were observed in the sintered sample. A higher microhardness value was achieved on the sintered sample than for the melted sample. The disadvantage of porosity in the sintered sample in comparison to the melted one was overcome by the hardening effect produced by the mechanical alloying.

  3. Strength and low temperature toughness of Fe-13%Ni-Mo alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ishikawa, Keisuke; Maruyama, Norio; Tsuya, Kazuo

    1978-01-01

    Mechanical tests were made on newly developed Fe-13%Ni-Mo alloys for eryogenic service. The effects of the additional elements were investigated from the viewpoint of the strength and the low temperature toughness. The alloys added by Al, Ti or V have the better balance of these properties. They did not show low temperature brittleness induced by cleavage fracture in Charpy impact test at 77 K. The microfractography showed the utterly dimple rupture patterns on the broken surface of all specimens. It would be supposed that the cleavage fracture stress is considerably higher than the flow stress. These alloys are superior to some commercial structural materials for low temperature use in the balance between the strength at 300 K and the toughness at 77 K. Additionally, it is noted that these experimental alloys have a good advantage in getting high strength and high toughness by the rather simple heat treatment. (auth.)

  4. Ion backscattering, channeling and nuclear reaction analysis study of passive films formed on FeCrNi and FeCrNiMo (100) single crystals

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cohen, C; Schmaus, D [Paris-7 Univ., 75 (France). Groupe de Physique des Solides de l' ENS; Elbiache, A; Marcus, P [Ecole Nationale Superieure de Chimie, 75 - Paris (France)

    1990-01-01

    The compositions of passive films formed on Fe-17Fr-13Ni (at. %) and Fe-18.5Cr-14Ni-1.5Mo (100) single crystals have been determined and the structure of the alloy under the film has been investigated. The alloys were passivated in 0.05M H{sub 2}SO{sub 4} at 250 mV/SHE for 30 min. The oxygen content was measured by nuclear microanalysis using the {sup 16}O(d,p) {sup 17}O* reaction. The oxygen content in the passive film is similar for the two alloys and equal to (12{plus minus}2) 10{sup 15} O/cm{sup 2}. The cationic compositions of the passive films have been determined by {sup 4}He channeling at two incident beam energies: 0.8 and 2.0 MeV. For the two alloys studied, a total cation content of (5{plus minus}2)10{sup 15} at/cm{sup 2} is found in the passive films. The corresponding thickness is about 12 A. There is an excess of oxygen, which can be attributed to the presence of hydroxyls and sulfate. A strong chromium enrichment is found in the passive film formed on both alloys: chromium represents about 50% of the cations. There is no evidence of molybdenum enrichment in the passive film formed on the Mo-alloyed stainless steel. The comparison of the results obtained at the two different incident beam energies (0.8MeV and 2MeV) reveals the existence of defects at the alloy/passive film interface. (author).

  5. Thermodynamic properties of liquid alloys systems Fe - Ni - O - Me - Si

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Н.О. Шаркіна

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available  In the isoperabelic calorimeter at 1870 are determined partial and integral enthalpies of mixture of liquid alloys of systems FeNi – O - Me and FeNi – O – Me – Si, where Me – IVb-, Vb-, VIb-metals. The basis of alloy was served invars with the contents of oxygen by 0,06 %. Established, that the melts of systems FeNi – O – IVb- (Vb--metals are characterized by strong interparticle interplay. The components of the maiden portions IVb- (Vb--metals in FeNi – O melts are accompanied by very large exothermal effects (from – 400 up to – 1000 kJ/mol, which one considerably surpass those in double melts Fe(Ni – Me. The subsequent portions IVb- (Vb--metals caused smaller allocation of a heat (in limits from – 100 up to – 30 kJ/mol, that is conditioned by a decrease of the contents of dissolved oxygen. The partial enthalpies of mixture of molybdenum and tungsten in melts FeNi – O are close to those in a nickel, and for a chromium exceed them. Is rotined, that D` HSi in liquid alloys FeNi – O – Mo (– 450 kJ/mol considerably surpass that are characteristic for a nickel (– 50 kJ/mol. It is explained by interplay of silicon with the stayed dissolved oxygen in initial melts of a system FeNi – O – Mo.

  6. First-Principles Study on the Structural Stability and Segregation Behavior of γ-Fe/Cr2N Interface with Alloying Additives M (M = Mn, V, Ti, Mo, and Ni

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hui Huang

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available This study investigated the structural stability and electrochemical properties of alloying additives M (M = Mn, V, Ti, Mo, or Ni at the γ-Fe(111/Cr2N(0001 interface by the first-principles method. Results indicated that V and Ti were easily segregated at the γ-Fe(111/Cr2N(0001 interface and enhanced interfacial adhesive strength. By contrast, Ni and Mo were difficult to segregate at the γ-Fe(111/Cr2N(0001 interface. Moreover, the results of the work function demonstrated that alloying additives Mn reduced local electrochemical corrosion behavior of the γ-Fe(111/Cr2N(0001 interface by cutting down Volta potential difference (VPD between clean γ-Fe(111 and Cr2N(0001, while alloying additives V, Ti, Mo, and Ni at the γ-Fe(111/Cr2N(0001 interface magnified VPD between clean γ-Fe(111 and Cr2N(0001, which were low-potential sites that usually serve as local attack initiation points.

  7. Comparative study of NiW, NiMo and MoW prepared by mechanical alloying

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gonzalez, G.; Sagarzazu, A.; Villalba, R.; Ochoa, J.

    2007-01-01

    The present work concern the amorphisation process induced by mechanical alloying in the NiW, NiMo and MoW systems. The alloys chosen combine a group of transition elements varying from very similar atomic radius and electronic valences (MoW) to different ones (NiW and NiMo). The three systems achieved an amorphous state after 50 h of milling. The mechanism of amorphisation proposed for NiW and NiMo was the combined effect of an excess concentration of the solute atoms entering into the structure of one of the elements and a critical concentration of defects. Continuous formation of an amorphous phase at the interface of the crystalline phase was observed during the process. MoW seems to amorphize by continuous reduction of grain size down to a critical value where the amorphisation takes place

  8. The effect of small 4th element alloying additions on the calculated phase stability in the Fe-Cr-Ni system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Watkin, J.S.

    1979-01-01

    Recent studies into the void swelling of Fe-Cr-Ni alloys have revealed that the magnitude of swelling depends upon alloy constitution and this together with the fact that minor element additions also play a major role in swelling necessitate a detailed knowledge of the influence of small 4th element additions on phase stability. In this paper the effects of additions of Nb, Ti, Al, Mo, Co and C to the Fe-Cr-Ni ternary are assessed by calculation. They confirm the ferritising tendencies of Nb, Ti and Al and the strong austenitising effect of C. Confirmation is also found for the scaling factors in the equivalent Ni and Cr equations in common usage and the paper presents Fe-Cr-Ni ternary sections at 400, 550 and 700 0 C modified for 1 at.% addition of each of the above elements. (orig.) [de

  9. Vacancies supersaturation induced by fast neutron irradiation in FeNi alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lucki, G.; Chambron, W.; Watanabe, S.; Verdone, J.

    1975-01-01

    The void formation in metals and alloys during irradiation with high-energy particles is a problem of interest in physics and of paramount importance in nuclear technology. Voids are formed as a consequence of vacancy supersaturation and result in swelling as well as in changes of mechanical, electrical and magnetic properties of materials used in power reactors. Isothermal annealings were performed between 400 and 500 0 C with and without fast-neutron (1 MeV) irradiation. Pure Fe--Ni (50--50 at. percent) was irradiated in the Melousine reactor in Grenoble, and Fe--Ni(Mo) (50--50 at. percent + 50 ppM), in the IEAR-1 reactor at the Instituto de Energia Atomica in Sao Paulo. The toroidal-shaped specimens were fabricated from Johnson Mathey zone-refined ingots, and were initially annealed at 800 0 C during 1 h in hydrogen atmosphere and then slowly cooled (4 h) inside the furnace. Magnetic After Effect measurements (MAE) permitted the evaluation of activation energies during fast-neutron irradiation (1.54 eV) and without irradiation (3.14 eV) for pure Fe--Ni and respectively (1.36 eV) and (2.32 eV) for Fe--Ni(Mo). Since the time constants of the relaxation process are inversely proportional to the vacancy concentration, a quantitative evaluation of vacancy supersaturation was made; it decreases from the value 700 at 410 0 C to the value 40 at 490 0 C for pure Fe--Ni and from 765 to 121 for Fe--Ni(Mo) in the same temperature range. 3 figures, 5 tables

  10. Fe-Cr-Ni system alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Levin, F.L.

    1986-01-01

    Phase diagram of Fe-Cr-Ni system, which is the basic one for production of corrosion resistant alloys, is considered. Data on corrosion resistance of such alloys are correlated depending on a number of factors: quality and composition of modifying elements, corrosion medium, temperature, alloy structure, mechanical and thermal treatment. Grades of Fe-Ni-Cr alloys are presented, and fields of their application are pointed out

  11. Effect of composition and heat treatment on carbide phases in Ni-Mo alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Svistunova, T.V.; Tsvigunov, A.N.; Stegnukhina, L.V.; Sakuta, N.D.

    1984-01-01

    The investigation results of vanadium, iron, carbon and silicon effect and heat treatment regime on the type and composition of carbides in Ni-(26...31)%Mo alloys are presented. It is shown that type, composition and quantity of carbide phases forming in alloys are determined not only by molybdenum and carbon content, but presence of other elements (V, Fe), admixtures (C, Si) and reducers as well as by regime of thermal treatment. In the alloy, containing 26...31% Mo, 0.01...0.03% C ( 12 C type with a=1.083...1.089 nm lattice parameter, in which V and Ti, Fe and Si are presented besides Mo and Ni. In the temperature range of 600-800 deg C high dispersed carbides segregate on grain boundaries. Silicon initiates segregation of the carbide phases among them by grain boundaries at the temperatures of 800 deg C as well as regulates carbide of M 12 C type with a=1.094...1.098 nm lattice parameter

  12. A systematic first principle method to study magnetic properties of FeMo, CoMo and NiMo

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bhattacharjee, Ashis Kumar; Touheed, Md.; Ahmed, Mesbahuddin; Halder, A.; Mookerjee, A.

    2003-06-01

    We use the first principle TB-LMTO (Tight-Binding Linear Muffin Tin Orbital) method combined with the ASM (Augmented Space Method) to take care of disorder beyond the mean field (CPA - Cohetent Potential Approximation) approximation. We analyze binary alloys between magnetic transition metals Fe, Co, Ni and non-magnetic Mo to find out the effect of disorder on electronic structure and consequently magnetic properties of the alloys. (author)

  13. Martensite shear phase reversion-induced nanograined/ultrafine-grained Fe-16Cr-10Ni alloy: The effect of interstitial alloying elements and degree of austenite stability on phase reversion

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Misra, R.D.K., E-mail: dmisra@louisiana.edu [Center for Structural and Functional Materials, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Madison Hall Room 217, P.O. Box 44130, Lafayette, LA 70504-1430 (United States); Zhang, Z.; Venkatasurya, P.K.C. [Center for Structural and Functional Materials, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Madison Hall Room 217, P.O. Box 44130, Lafayette, LA 70504-1430 (United States); Somani, M.C.; Karjalainen, L.P. [Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4200, Oulu 90014 (Finland)

    2010-11-15

    Research highlights: {yields} Development of a novel process involving phase-reversion annealing process. {yields} Austensite stability strongly influences development of nanograined structure. {yields} Interstitial elements influence microstructural evolution during annealing. - Abstract: We describe here an electron microscopy study of microstructural evolution associated with martensitic shear phase reversion-induced nanograined/ultrafine-grained (NG/UFG) structure in an experimental Fe-16Cr-10Ni alloy with very low interstitial content. The primary objective is to understand and obtain fundamental insights on the influence of degree of austenite stability (Fe-16Cr-10Ni, 301LN, and 301 have different austenite stability index) and interstitial elements (carbon and nitrogen) in terms of phase reversion process, microstructural evolution during reversion annealing, and temperature-time annealing sequence. A relative comparison of Fe-16Cr-10Ni alloy with 301LN and 301 austenitic stainless steels indicated that phase reversion in Fe-16Cr-10Ni occurred by shear mechanism, which is similar to that observed for 301, but is different from the diffusional mechanism in 301LN steel. While the phase reversion in the experimental Fe-16Cr-10Ni alloy and 301 austenitic stainless steel occurred by shear mechanism, there were fundamental differences between these two alloys. The reversed strain-free austenite grains in Fe-16Cr-10Ni alloy were characterized by nearly same crystallographic orientation, where as in 301 steel there was evidence of break-up of martensite laths during reversion annealing resulting in several regions of misoriented austenite grains in 301 steel. Furthermore, a higher phase reversion annealing temperature range (800-900 deg. C) was required to obtain a fully NG/UFG structure of grain size 200-600 nm. The difference in the phase reversion and the temperature-time sequence in the three stages is explained in terms of Gibbs free energy change that

  14. Applicability of the θ projection method to creep curves of Ni-22Cr-18Fe-9Mo alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kurata, Yuji; Utsumi, Hirokazu

    1998-01-01

    Applicability of the θ projection method has been examined for constant-load creep test results at 800 and 1000degC on Ni-22Cr-18Fe-9Mo alloy in the solution-treated and aged conditions. The results obtained are as follows: (1) Normal type creep curves obtained at 1000degC for aged Ni-22Cr-18Fe-9Mo alloy are fitted using the θ projection method with four θ parameters. Stress dependence of θ parameters can be expressed in terms of simple equations. (2) The θ projection method with four θ parameters cannot be applied to the remaining creep curves where most of the life is occupied by a tertiary creep stage. Therefore, the θ projection method consisting of only the tertiary creep component with two θ parameters was applied. The creep curves can be fitted using this method. (3) If the θ projection method with four θ or two θ parameters is applied to creep curves in accordance with creep curve shapes, creep rupture time can be predicted in terms of formulation of stress and/or temperature dependence of θ parameters. (author)

  15. Improvement of antiscuff properties and thermal stability of alloys of the Fe-Cr-Ni-Si system used for building-up of fittings

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Luzhanskij, I.B.; Runov, A.E.; Gel'man, A.S.; Stepin, V.S.

    1978-01-01

    Studied was the influence of the system and the degree of alloying of alloys of the Fe-Cr-Ni-Si system on their operational characteristics in the operation mode of the energy armature of superhigh parameters. The TsN18 alloy has been developed (containing 0.1 to 0.2% C; 3.5 to 6.0% Si; 0.5 to 3.0% Mn; 16 to 17% Cr; 10.5 to 12% Ni; 1.5 to 3% Mo; the balance being Fe), bombining a high resistance to scuffing with a fairly high heat resistance; the alloy lending itself to building up and to machining. The dependence of the wear resistance of the alloys of the Fe-Cr-Ni-Si system on two factors has been established; namely, - the antifriction characteristics of the film of secondary structures, and physico-mechanical properties of the alloy

  16. Study and characterization of FeNi and NiCr(80-20) % w alloys, during and after neutron irradiation, using the resistivity method

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Otero, Mauro Pereira

    1978-01-01

    We have used the resistivity method with and without neutron irradiation to study the parameters that appear in the Order-Disorder Transitions of Fe Ni(50-50)% at. and Ni Cr( 80 - 20) % w. alloys. The results obtained with Fe Ni are in agreement with those obtained by Marchand at the University of Grenoble. Several isothermal annealings were made in the range 400 - 302 deg C in which T c (Order-Disorder Transition Critical Temperature) was determined between 327 and 310 deg C. The activation energy obtained was E a = 0,49 eV and is in agreement with works of Marchand, Dienes and Damask. As for Ni Cr(80-20)% the following has been done: a) Electrical Properties characterizations, having in mind the technological applications; b) Linear and isothermal annealings were performed to determine the Order-Disorder Transition Critical Temperature (I ) supported by hypothesis made, taking into account the Yano's and Taylor's marks. The-result is T c = (536 +- 4) deg C; c) determination of activation energy E a = (1,36 +- 0.14) eV. The resistivity measurements mere performed by means of the classical 4-wire method. An anisotropy of electrical resistivity was found to exist depending on the sense of the applied electrical field. (author)

  17. Characters of alloy Zr-0.4%Mo-0.5%Fe-0.5%Cr post heat treatment and cold rolling

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sungkono; Siti Aidah

    2014-01-01

    Research and development of Zr-Mo-Fe-Cr alloys aimed to obtain PWR fuel element structure material with high burn up. In this study of the Zr-0.4%Mo-0.5%Fe-0.5%Cr alloys was prepared from zirconium sponge, molybdenum, iron and chromium powder. The alloy were heat treated at varying temperatures of 650 and 750 °C and retention time of 1, 1.5 and 2 hours. The objectives of this research was to obtain effect of thickness reduction on the character of Zr-0.4%Mo-0.5%Fe-0.5%Cr alloy. The results of this experiment showed that the microstructures of Zr-0.4%Mo-0.5%Fe-0.5%Cr alloy after heat treatment and cold rolling exhibits that the higher of the thickness reduction has applied on the alloy caused the microstructure to evolve from deformed equiaxial grains into flat bar grains and then into deformed flat bar grains. However, the higher of the temperature and the retention time then the larger grain structures so that the cold rolling causes the shape of the grains structure into a flat bar with a relatively larger size which affects the lower hardness. The Zr-0.4%Mo-0.5%Fe-0.5%Cr alloy after heat treatment (650-750°C; 1.5-2 hours) can undergo cold deformation without cracking at a thickness reduction between 5 to 15%. (author)

  18. On the Path to Optimizing the Al-Co-Cr-Cu-Fe-Ni-Ti High Entropy Alloy Family for High Temperature Applications

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anna M. Manzoni

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available The most commonly investigated high entropy alloy, AlCoCrCuFeNi, has been chosen for optimization of its microstructural and mechanical properties by means of compositional changes and heat treatments. Among the different available optimization paths, the decrease of segregating element Cu, the increase of oxidation protective elements Al and Cr and the approach towards a γ-γ′ microstructure like in Ni-based superalloys have been probed and compared. Microscopical observations have been made for every optimization step. Vickers microhardness measurements and/or tensile/compression test have been carried out when the alloy was appropriate. Five derived alloys AlCoCrFeNi, Al23Co15Cr23Cu8Fe15Ni16, Al8Co17Cr17Cu8Fe17Ni33, Al8Co17Cr14Cu8Fe17Ni34.8Mo0.1Ti1W0.1 and Al10Co25Cr8Fe15Ni36Ti6 (all at.% have been compared to the original AlCoCrCuFeNi and the most promising one has been selected for further investigation.

  19. Ultrasonic attenuation as a function of heat treatment and grain size in 79Ni--6Mo--15Fe alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gieske, J.H.

    1978-03-01

    A pulse echo ultrasonic technique was used to measure the attenuation coefficient for 79Ni-6Mo-15Fe alloy specimens. The attenuation coefficient was determined using a 25 MHz ultrasonic transducer for specimens which had undergone different time-temperature heat treatments. The ultrasonic attenuation data versus heat treat time was used to assess grain size growth in the specimens

  20. Development of FeNiMoB thin film materials for microfabricated magnetoelastic sensors

    KAUST Repository

    Liang, Cai; Gooneratne, Chinthaka; Cha, Dong Kyu; Chen, Long; Gianchandani, Yogesh; Kosel, Jü rgen

    2012-01-01

    MetglasTM 2826MB foils of 25–30 μm thickness with the composition of Fe40Ni38Mo4B18 have been used for magnetoelastic sensors in various applications over many years. This work is directed at the investigation of ∼3 μm thick iron-nickel-molybdenum-boron (FeNiMoB) thin films that are intended for integrated microsystems. The films are deposited on Si substrate by co-sputtering of iron-nickel (FeNi), molybdenum(Mo), and boron (B) targets. The results show that dopants of Mo and B can significantly change the microstructure and magnetic properties of FeNi materials. When FeNi is doped with only Mo its crystal structure changes from polycrystalline to amorphous with the increase of dopant concentration; the transition point is found at about 10 at. % of Mo content. A significant change in anisotropic magneticproperties of FeNi is also observed as the Modopant level increases. The coercivity of FeNi filmsdoped with Mo decreases to a value less than one third of the value without dopant.Doping the FeNi with B together with Mo considerably decreases the value of coercivity and the out-of-plane magnetic anisotropyproperties, and it also greatly changes the microstructure of the material. In addition, doping B to FeNiMo remarkably reduces the remanence of the material. The filmmaterial that is fabricated using an optimized process is magnetically as soft as amorphous MetglasTM 2826MB with a coercivity of less than 40 Am−1. The findings of this study provide us a better understanding of the effects of the compositions and microstructure of FeNiMoB thin filmmaterials on their magnetic properties.

  1. Development of FeNiMoB thin film materials for microfabricated magnetoelastic sensors

    KAUST Repository

    Liang, Cai

    2012-12-07

    MetglasTM 2826MB foils of 25–30 μm thickness with the composition of Fe40Ni38Mo4B18 have been used for magnetoelastic sensors in various applications over many years. This work is directed at the investigation of ∼3 μm thick iron-nickel-molybdenum-boron (FeNiMoB) thin films that are intended for integrated microsystems. The films are deposited on Si substrate by co-sputtering of iron-nickel (FeNi), molybdenum(Mo), and boron (B) targets. The results show that dopants of Mo and B can significantly change the microstructure and magnetic properties of FeNi materials. When FeNi is doped with only Mo its crystal structure changes from polycrystalline to amorphous with the increase of dopant concentration; the transition point is found at about 10 at. % of Mo content. A significant change in anisotropic magneticproperties of FeNi is also observed as the Modopant level increases. The coercivity of FeNi filmsdoped with Mo decreases to a value less than one third of the value without dopant.Doping the FeNi with B together with Mo considerably decreases the value of coercivity and the out-of-plane magnetic anisotropyproperties, and it also greatly changes the microstructure of the material. In addition, doping B to FeNiMo remarkably reduces the remanence of the material. The filmmaterial that is fabricated using an optimized process is magnetically as soft as amorphous MetglasTM 2826MB with a coercivity of less than 40 Am−1. The findings of this study provide us a better understanding of the effects of the compositions and microstructure of FeNiMoB thin filmmaterials on their magnetic properties.

  2. Cellular microstructure of chill block melt spun Ni-Mo alloys

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tewari, S. N.; Glasgow, T. K.

    1987-01-01

    Chill block melt spun ribbons of Ni-Mo binary alloys containing 8.0 to 41.8 wt pct Mo have been prepared under carefully controlled processing conditions. The growth velocity has been determined as a function of distance from the quench surface from the observed ribbon thickness dependence on the melt puddle residence time. Primary arm spacings measured at the midribbon thickness locations show a dependence on growth velocity and alloy composition which is expected from dendritic growth models for binary alloys directionally solidified in a positive temperature gradient. Microsegregation across cells and its variation with distance from the quench surface and alloy composition have been examined and compared with theoretical predictions.

  3. Mechanical alloying of the FeNi-Ag system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gonzalez, G.; Ibarra, D.; Ochoa, J.; Villalba, R.; Sagarzazu, A.

    2007-01-01

    The Fe-Ni-Ag system is of particular interest for its potential applications as soft magnetic granular material with small magnetic grains embedded in a non-magnetic metal matrix. Under equilibrium conditions: Fe-Ag and Ni-Ag are immiscible and Fe-Ni shows complete solubility. These materials are particularly important for magnetoresistivity properties. The properties of these alloys are closely related to their microstructure; therefore, a detailed study of the transformations occurring during milling was undertaken using pre-alloyed Fe x Ni 100-x (x = 30, 50 and 70) further milled with different Ag content to give the following alloys compositions (Fe x -Ni 100-x ) 100-y Ag y (y = 5, 20, 60). Consolidation of the mechanically alloyed powders by sintering at 950 o C was performed. Morphological and structural characterization of the sintered powders was carried out by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Fe 30 Ni 70 and Fe 50 Ni 50 formed ordered FeNi 3 compound. Fe 70 Ni 30 showed the formation of a mixture of γ-(Fe,Ni) and α-Fe(Ni) solid solutions. The mixture of these systems with Ag showed the metal solid solutions surrounded by Ag islands of Fe x Ni y -Ag, There was also evidence of Ag diffusing into the γ-(Fe,Ni). High Ag content (60%) shows formation of islands of FeNi surrounded by Ag. Sintering is always improved with the Ag content

  4. Abrasive wear resistance and microstructure of Ni-Cr-B-Si hardfacing alloys with additions of Al, Nb, Mo, Fe, Mn and C

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Berns, H.; Fischer, A.; Theisen, W.

    1987-01-01

    The development of new Ni-base hardfacing alloys for filler wire welding or metal spraying should result in materials with a good resistance against high temperature corrosion and abrasive wear. The first step is to design microstructures, which obtain a satisfactory abrasive wear behaviour at room temperature. Thus, different alloys are melted and scrutinized as to their microstructure and their abrasive wear resistance in laboratory. Compared to commercial Ni-base hardfacing alloys they show a higher volume fraction of coarse hard phases due to the additional, initial solidification of Nb-carbides and Cr-, and Mo-borides. Thus, the abrasive wear resistance is improved. For hard abrasive particles, such as corundum, the Ni-base alloys are more wear resistant than harder Fe-base alloys investigate earlier. This is due to the tougher Ni metal matrix that results in microcracking not to be the most significantly acting wear mechanism

  5. Strengthening by ordered precipitates in a Ni--Ni4Mo system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Goodrum, J.W.; LeFevre, B.G.

    1977-01-01

    The strength characteristics and microstructures of aged Ni-Mo alloys containing ordered (Ni 4 Mo) precipitates were studied as a function of aging time and temperature. It was found that 17 at. percent Mo alloy aged at 750 0 C produced a uniform dispersion of cuboidal β precipitates which coarsened with time producing a gradual increase in flow stress. The flow stress increment was found to vary in qualitative agreement with both order strengthening and coherency strain models. Both these models give over-estimates of the strengthening increment. A negative dependence of flow stress on temperature is attributed to coherency strain contributions

  6. Linear thermal expansion coefficient of cast Fe-Ni invar and Fe-Ni-Co superinvar alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ogorodnikova, O.M.; Chermenskaya, E.V.; Rabinovich, S.V.; Grachev, S.V.

    1999-01-01

    Cast invar alloys Fe-Ni (28-35 wt. % Ni) are investigated using metallography, dilatometry and X-ray methods as soon as the crystallization is completed and again after low-temperature treatment resulting in martensitic transformation in low nickel alloys. Nickel distribution in a cast superinvar Fe-32% Ni-4% Co is studied by means of X-ray spectrum microanalysis. The results obtained permit the correction of model concepts about cast invars and the estimate of a coefficient of linear expansion depending on phase composition and nickel microsegregation [ru

  7. The effect of molybdenum on the corrosion behaviour of the high-entropy alloys Co1.5CrFeNi1.5Ti0.5Mox in aqueous environments

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chou, Y.L.; Yeh, J.W.; Shih, H.C.

    2010-01-01

    The purpose of this study is to investigate the electrochemical properties of the Co 1.5 CrFeNi 1.5 Ti 0.5 Mo x high-entropy alloys in three aqueous environments which simulate acidic, marine, and basic environments at ambient temperature (∼25 o C). The potentiodynamic polarisation curves of the Co 1.5 CrFeNi 1.5 Ti 0.5 Mo x alloys, obtained in aqueous solutions of H 2 SO 4 and NaOH, clearly revealed that the corrosion resistance of the Mo-free alloy was superior to that of the Mo-containing alloys. On the other hand, the lack of hysteresis in cyclic polarisation tests and SEM micrographs confirmed that the Mo-containing alloys are not susceptible to pitting corrosion in NaCl solution.

  8. Effects of environment on the release of Ni, Cr, Fe, and Co from new and recast Ni-Cr alloy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Oyar, Perihan; Can, Gülşen; Atakol, Orhan

    2014-07-01

    The addition of previously cast alloy to new alloy for economic reasons may increase the release of elements. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of the immersion period, immersion media, and addition of previously cast alloy to new alloy on the release of elements. Disk-shaped specimens were prepared from a Ni-Cr alloy (Ni: 61 wt%, Cr: 26 wt%, Mo: 11 wt%, Si: 1.5 wt%, Fe, Ce, Al, and Co alloy (group N) and 50% new/50% recast alloy (group R). After the immersion of the specimens in both NaCl (pH 4) and artificial saliva (pH 6.7) for 3, 7, 14, 30, and 60 days, the release of ions was determined by using atomic absorption spectrometry. Data were analyzed with a 3-way ANOVA (α=.001). The release of Ni was significantly affected by the immersion period, of Ni and Cr by the alloy and media (Palloy (Palloy in artificial saliva was 109.71 for Ni, 6.49 for Cr, 223.22 for Fe, and 29.90 μg/L for Co. The release of Co in NaCl was below the detection limit in both groups. The release of Ni in NaCl and artificial saliva increased with the length of the immersion period in both groups. The release of Cr and Fe was higher in artificial saliva than in NaCl in group R, regardless of the immersion period. The release of Co in NaCl was below the detection limit in both groups. Copyright © 2014 The Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  9. Laser alloyed Al-Ni-Fe coatings

    CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

    Pityana, SL

    2008-10-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this work was to produce crack-free thin surface layers consisting of binary (Al-Ni, Al-Fe) and ternary (Al-Ni-Fe) intermetallic phases by means of a high power laser beam. The laser surface alloying was carried out by melting Fe and Ni...

  10. Electrodeposition of Ni-Mo alloy coatings for water splitting reaction

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shetty, Akshatha R.; Hegde, Ampar Chitharanjan

    2018-04-01

    The present study reports the development of Ni-Mo alloy coatings for water splitting applications, using a citrate bath the inducing effect of Mo (reluctant metal) on electrodeposition, its relationship with their electrocatalytic efficiency were studied. The alkaline water splitting efficiency of Ni-Mo alloy coatings, for both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction were tested using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronopotentiometry (CP) techniques. Moreover, the practical utility of these electrode materials were evaluated by measuring the amount of H2 and O2 gas evolved. The variation in electrocatalytic activity with composition, structure, and morphology of the coatings were examined using XRD, SEM, and EDS analyses. The experimental results showed that Ni-Mo alloy coating is the best electrode material for alkaline HER and OER reactions, at lower and higher deposition current densities (c. d.'s) respectively. This behavior is attributed by decreased Mo and increased Ni content of the alloy coating and the number of electroactive centers.

  11. Effects of air melting on Fe/0.3/3Cr/0.5Mo/2Mn and Fe/0.3C/3Cr/0.5Mo/2Ni structural alloy steels

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Steinberg, B.

    1979-06-01

    Changing production methods of a steel from vacuum melting to air melting can cause an increase in secondary particles, such as oxides and nitrides, which may have detrimental effects on the mechanical properties and microstructure of the alloy. In the present study a base alloy of Fe/0.3C/3Cr/0.5Mo with either 2Mn or 2Ni added was produced by air melting and its mechanical properties and microstructure were compared to an identical vacuum melted steel. Significant differences in mechanical behavior, morphology, and volume fraction of undissolved inclusions have been observed as a function of composition following air melting. For the alloy containing manganese, all properties remained very close to vacuum melted values but the 2Ni alloy displayed a marked loss in Charpy impact toughness and plane strain fracture toughness. This loss is attributed to an increase in volume fraction of secondary particles in the nickel alloy, as opposed to both the Mn alloy and vacuum melted alloys, as well as to substaintially increased incidence of linear coalescence of voids. Microstructural features are discussed

  12. Effect of boron on the properties of ordered Ni-Mo alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tawancy, H.M.

    1994-01-01

    Ordered alloys and intermetallic compounds have long been known to possess a number of technologically useful properties, however, their structural applications is limited by relatively poor ductility. Efforts to improve the mechanical strength of these materials have led to the recognition that small additions of B improve the ductility of intermetallic compounds, based upon the L1 2 , superlattice such as Ni 3 Al and Ni 3 Si. Also it has been demonstrated that small additions of B improve the ductility of binary ordered Ni-Ni 4 Mo alloys. The objective of this study is to demonstrate that critical additions of B to selected Ni-Mo alloys could significantly improve their ductility and corrosion properties in the ordered state while maintaining a similar level of other properties, particularly, weldability. The effect of B on the ordered microstructure was emphasized

  13. Study the microstructure of three and four component phases in Al-Ni-Fe-La alloys

    KAUST Repository

    Kolobylina, Natalia

    2016-12-21

    Aluminium alloys play a key role in modern engineering since they are the most used non-ferrous material. They have been widely used in automotive, aerospace, and construction engineering due to their good corrosion resistance, superior mechanical properties along with good machinability, weldability, and relatively low cost. The progress in practical application has been determined by intensive research and development works on the Al alloys. A new class of Al–REM–TM aluminum alloys (REM indicates rare earth metal and TM is transition metal) was revealed in the end of the last century. These alloys differ from conventional ones by their extraordinary ability to form metal glasses and nanoscale composites in a wide range of compositions. Having low density, these alloys possess unique mechanical characteristics and corrosion resistance. Two as received alloys, namely Al85Ni9Fe2La4 and Al85Ni7Fe4La4 were obtained in the form of ingots from melts of corresponding compositions upon cooling in air were studied by scanning/transmission electron microscopy (STEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The microstructural analyses were performed in a aberration corrected TITAN 80-300 TEM/STEM (FEI, USA) attached with EDX spectrometer with ultrathin window (EDAX, USA). The specimens for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were prepared by an electrochemical or ion etching. It was found that the received alloys exhibits along with fcc Al and Al4La (Al11La3) particles, these alloys contain a ternary phase Al3Ni1 Fe isostructural to the Al3Ni phase and a quaternary phase Al8Fe2 NiLa isostructural to the Al8Fe2Eu phase and monoclinic phase Al9(Fe,Ni)2 isostructural to the Al9Co2. The study by HRSTEM together with a new atomic resolution energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis method demonstrated that Fe and Ni atoms substituted one another in the Al8Fe2–NiLa quaternary compound. Besides, several types of defects were determined: first

  14. The irradiation hardening of Ni-Mo-Cr and Ni-W-Cr alloy under Xe26+ ion irradiation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Huaican; Hai, Yang; Liu, Renduo; Jiang, Li; Ye, Xiang-xi; Li, Jianjian; Xue, Wandong; Wang, Wanxia; Tang, Ming; Yan, Long; Yin, Wen; Zhou, Xingtai

    2018-04-01

    The irradiation hardening of Ni-Mo-Cr and Ni-W-Cr alloy was investigated. 7 MeV Xe26+ ion irradiation was performed at room temperature and 650 °C with peak damage dose from 0.05 to 10 dpa. With the increase of damage dose, the hardness of Ni-Mo-Cr and Ni-W-Cr alloy increases, and reaches saturation at damage dose ≥1 dpa. Moreover, the damage dose dependence of hardness in both alloys can be described by the Makin and Minter's equation, where the effective critical volume of obstacles can be used to represent irradiation hardening resistance of the alloys. Our results also show that Ni-W-Cr alloy has better irradiation hardening resistance than Ni-Mo-Cr alloy. This is ascribed to the fact that the W, instead of Mo in the alloy, can suppress the formation of defects under ion irradiation.

  15. Development of Computational Tools for Modeling Thermal and Radiation Effects on Grain Boundary Segregation and Precipitation in Fe-Cr-Ni-based Alloys

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yang, Ying [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

    2017-08-01

    role in the measured values. However, The GB segregation due to pre-existing GB segregation may affect the chemical potential of element at GB, and subsequently the corrosion resistance. 3) Based on the newly developed thermodynamic database of Fe-Cr-Ni-Mo, we predicted the Ni2(Cr,Mo) as a thermodynamically stable phase in all investigated low Fe-content Ni-based alloys. The calculated phase amount decreases with the increasing Fe content, being consistent with that observed in the irradiated materials. 4) The formation of the Ni2(Cr,Mo) phase in irradiated materials is due to irradiation enhanced diffusion. The calculated equilibrium Ni2(Cr,Mo) amount is more than that observed in the irradiated materials, suggesting that the amount of Ni2(Cr,Mo) is likely to increase more with further irradiation.

  16. Density of Liquid Ni-Mo Alloys Measured by a Modified Sessile Drop Method

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    Liang FANG; Zushu LI; ZaiNan TAO; Feng XIAO

    2004-01-01

    The density of liquid binary Ni-Mo alloys with molybdenum concentration from 0 to 20% (mass fraction) was measured by a modified sessile drop method. It has been found that the density of the liquid Ni-Mo alloys decreases with increasing temperature, but increases with the increase of molybdenum concentration in the alloys. The molar volume of liquid Ni-Mo binary alloys increases with the increase of temperature and molybdenum concentration. The partial molar volume of molybdenum in Ni-Mo binary alloy has been approximately calculated as [13.18 - 2.65 × 10-3T + (-47.94 + 3.10 × 10-2T) × 10-2XMo] × 10-6m3·mol-1. The molar volume of Ni-Mo alloy determined in the present work shows a negative deviation from the ideal linear mixing molar volume.

  17. Synthesis, characterization and electromagnetic properties of SnO-coated FeNi alloy nanocapsules

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Li, Mingling; Li, Honglin; Xu, Taotao; Nie, Yu, E-mail: lml771212@163.com [College of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Chaohu University (China)

    2016-11-15

    SnO-coated FeNi alloy nanocapsules have been synthesized by an arc-discharge method. High resolution transmission electron microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis show that the nanocapsules have a shell/core structure with FeNi alloy nanoparticles as the core and amorphous SnO as the shell. Dielectric relaxation of SnO shell and the interfacial relaxation between SnO shell and FeNi core lead to the dual nonlinear dielectric resonance. The natural resonance in the SnO coated FeNi nanocapsules shifts to 14.0 GHz. Reflection loss (RL) reaches -46.1 dB at 14.8 GHz for a matching thickness of 1.95 mm, while it exceeds-20 dB over the 13.6 -16.7 GHz range and it exceeds -10 dB in the whole Ku-band (12.4-18 GHz). In addition, the optimal RL values at 5.0-7.6 GHz with the absorbing thickness of 3.4-5.0 mm just exhibit a slight fluctuation. (author)

  18. Evaluation of mechanical properties of nanocrystalline Ti-Mo-Fe-Sn alloys system; Avaliacao de propriedades mecanicas de ligas nanocristalinas do sistema Ti-Mo-Fe-Sn

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rocha, M.O.A; Vidilli, A.L.; Afonso, C.R.M., E-mail: andre.vidilli@gmail.com [Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos (UFSCar), SP (Brazil)

    2014-07-01

    The Ti-6Al-4V, widely used in biomaterials, exhibits elastic modulus (E) of approximately 110GPa, which is significantly higher than the one of human bone (E = 10 to 30 GPa). In this project, a process of rapid solidification was utilized in 4 different alloys of Ti-Mo-Fe-Sn, in order to produce ultrafine nanocrystalline eutectic alloys, which present high strength (1800-2500 MPa), low elastic modulus (50-110 GPa) and good corrosion resistance. The alloys Ti{sub 62}Fe{sub 30}Mo{sub 8}, Ti{sub 56}Fe{sub 30}Mo{sub 8}Sn{sub 6}, Ti{sub 63}Fe{sub 23}Mo{sub 8}Sn{sub 6}, Ti{sub 60}Fe{sub 23}Mo{sub 8}Sn{sub 9} show Vickers microhardness de, respectively, 745 (1mm), 733 (1mm), 609 (1mm) e 651(1mm) HV. The characterization was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X- ray diffraction (XRD). The results indicated the presence of a β-Ti (bcc) matrix and the intermetallic TiFe and Ti{sub 3}Sn phases, and the microstructure were formed by dendrites, and eutectic constituents, which were present in the compositions Ti{sub 62}Fe{sub 30}Mo{sub 8}, Ti{sub 56}Fe{sub 30}Mo{sub 8}Sn{sub 6}, Ti{sub 63}Fe{sub 23}Mo{sub 8}Sn{sub 6}, Ti{sub 60}Fe{sub 23}Mo{sub 8}Sn{sub 9}. (author)

  19. Improved polycrystalline Ni{sub 54}Mn{sub 16}Fe{sub 9}Ga{sub 21} high-temperature shape memory alloy by γ phase distributing along grain boundaries

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yang, Shuiyuan; Zhang, Fan; Zhang, Kaixin; Huang, Yangyang; Wang, Cuiping; Liu, Xingjun [Xiamen Univ. (China). Fujian Key Laboratory of Materials Genome

    2016-09-15

    In this study, the shape recovery and mechanical properties of Ni{sub 54}Mn{sub 16}Fe{sub 9}Ga{sub 21} high-temperature shape memory alloy are improved simultaneously. This results from the low, about 4.4%, volume fraction of γ phase being almost completely distributed along grain boundaries. The recovery strain gradually increases with the increase in residual strain with a shape recovery rate of above 68%, up to a maximum value of 5.3%. The compressive fracture strain of Ni{sub 54}Mn{sub 16}Fe{sub 9}Ga{sub 21} alloy is about 35%. The results further reveal that when applying a high compression deformation two types of cracks form and propagate either within martensite grains (type I) or along the boundaries between martensite phase and γ phase (type II) in the present two-phase alloy.

  20. Corrosion resistance of Ni-Cr-Mo alloys. Chemical composition and metallurgical condition's effects

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zadorozne, N.S.; Rebak, Raul B.

    2009-01-01

    Ni-Cr-Mo alloys offer an outstanding corrosion resistance in a wide variety of highly-corrosive environments. This versatility is due to the excellent performance of nickel in hot alkaline solutions and the beneficial effect of chromium and molybdenum in oxidizing and reducing conditions, respectively. Alloy C-22 (22 % Cr-13 % Mo-3% W) is a well known versatile member of this family. Due to its excellent corrosion resistance in a wide variety of environments, Alloy C-22 has been selected for the fabrication of the corrosion-resistant outer shell of the high-level nuclear waste container. The increasing demand of the industry for corrosion resistant alloys with particular properties of corrosion and mechanical resistance has led to the development of new alloys. Alloy C-22HS (Ni-21 % Cr-17 % Mo) is a new high-strength corrosion resistant material recently developed and introduced into the market. This alloy provides a corrosion resistance comparable with that of other C-type alloys, and it can also be age hardened to effectively double its yield strength. HASTELLOY HYBRID-BC1 (Ni-22 % Mo-15 % Cr) is a new development intended for filling the gap between Ni-Mo and Ni-Cr-Mo alloys. This novel alloy is able to withstand HCl and H 2 SO 4 , even in the presence of dissolved oxygen and other oxidizing species. Its resistance to chloride-induced pitting corrosion, crevice corrosion and stress corrosion cracking is also remarkable. Thermal aging of Ni-Cr-Mo alloys leads to microstructure changes depending on the temperature range and exposure time at temperature. A Long Range Ordering (LRO) reaction can occur in the range of 350 C degrees to 600 C degrees, producing an ordered Ni 2 (Cr,Mo) phase. This ordering reaction does not seem to affect the corrosion resistance and produces only a slight loss in ductility. LRO transformation is homogeneous and has proven to be useful to fabricate the age-hard enable Alloy C22-HS. Tetrahedral Close Packed (TCP) phases, like μ, σ and

  1. Mechanical properties of Fe-Ni-Cr-Si-B bulk glassy alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lee, Kee Ahn; Kim, Yong Chan; Kim, Jung Han; Lee, Chong Soo; Namkung, Jung; Kim, Moon Chul

    2007-01-01

    The mechanical properties and crystallization behavior of new Fe-Ni-Cr-Si-B-based bulk glassy alloys were investigated. The suitability of the continuous roll casting method for the production of bulk metallic glass (BMG) sheets in such alloy systems was also examined. BMG samples (Fe-Ni-Cr-Si-B, Fe-Ni-Zr-Cr-Si-B, Fe-Ni-Zr-Cr-W-Si-B) in amorphous strip, cylindrical, and sheet forms were prepared through melt spinning, copper mold casting, and twin roll strip casting, respectively. Fe-Ni-Cr-Si-B alloy exhibited compressive strength of up to 2.93 GPa and plastic strain of about 1.51%. On the other hand, the Fe-Ni-Zr-Cr-Si-B, composite-type bulk sample with diameter of 2.0 mm showed remarkable compressive plastic strain of about 4.03%. The addition of zirconium was found to enhance the homogeneous precipitation of nanocrystalline less than 7 nm and to develop a hybrid-composite microstructure with increasing sample thickness. Twin roll strip casting was successfully applied to the fabrication of sheets in Fe-Ni-Cr-Si-B-based BMGs. The combined characteristics of high mechanical properties and ease of microstructure control proved to be promising in terms of the future progress of structural bulk amorphous alloys

  2. Mechanical properties of Fe-Ni-Cr-Si-B bulk glassy alloy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lee, Kee Ahn [School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Andong National University, Andong 760-749 (Korea, Republic of)]. E-mail: keeahn@andong.ac.kr; Kim, Yong Chan [New Metals Research Team, RIST, Pohang 790-330 (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Jung Han [Center for Advanced Aerospace materials, POSTECH, Pohang 790-784 (Korea, Republic of); Lee, Chong Soo [Center for Advanced Aerospace materials, POSTECH, Pohang 790-784 (Korea, Republic of); Namkung, Jung [New Metals Research Team, RIST, Pohang 790-330 (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Moon Chul [New Metals Research Team, RIST, Pohang 790-330 (Korea, Republic of)

    2007-03-25

    The mechanical properties and crystallization behavior of new Fe-Ni-Cr-Si-B-based bulk glassy alloys were investigated. The suitability of the continuous roll casting method for the production of bulk metallic glass (BMG) sheets in such alloy systems was also examined. BMG samples (Fe-Ni-Cr-Si-B, Fe-Ni-Zr-Cr-Si-B, Fe-Ni-Zr-Cr-W-Si-B) in amorphous strip, cylindrical, and sheet forms were prepared through melt spinning, copper mold casting, and twin roll strip casting, respectively. Fe-Ni-Cr-Si-B alloy exhibited compressive strength of up to 2.93 GPa and plastic strain of about 1.51%. On the other hand, the Fe-Ni-Zr-Cr-Si-B, composite-type bulk sample with diameter of 2.0 mm showed remarkable compressive plastic strain of about 4.03%. The addition of zirconium was found to enhance the homogeneous precipitation of nanocrystalline less than 7 nm and to develop a hybrid-composite microstructure with increasing sample thickness. Twin roll strip casting was successfully applied to the fabrication of sheets in Fe-Ni-Cr-Si-B-based BMGs. The combined characteristics of high mechanical properties and ease of microstructure control proved to be promising in terms of the future progress of structural bulk amorphous alloys.

  3. Sintered Fe-Ni-Cu-Sn-C Alloys Made of Ball-Milled Powders

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Romański A.

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available The main objective of this paper was to perform sinterability studies of ball-milled Fe-12%Ni-6.4%Cu-1.6%Sn-0.6%C powders. A mixture of precisely weighed amounts of elemental iron, nickel and graphite, and pre-alloyed 80/20 bronze powders was ball-milled for 8, 30 and 120 hours. After cold-pressing at 400 MPa the specimens were sintered at 900oC for 30 minutes in a reducing atmosphere and subsequently tested for density and hardness as well as subjected to structural studies using scanning electron microscopy (SEM and X-ray diffraction (XRD analysis.

  4. Effects of Alloying Elements (Mo, Ni, and Cu on the Austemperability of GGG-60 Ductile Cast Iron

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Erkan Konca

    2017-08-01

    Full Text Available The interest in austempered ductile irons (ADI is continuously increasing due to their various advantageous properties over conventional ductile irons and some steels. This study aimed to determine the roles of alloying elements Ni, Cu, and Mo, on the austemperability of GGG-60 ductile cast iron. Two different sets of GGG-60 (EN-GJS-600-3 samples, one set alloyed with Ni and Cu and the other set alloyed with Mo, Ni, and Cu, were subjected to austempering treatments at 290 °C, 320 °C, and 350 °C. A custom design heat treatment setup, consisting of two units with the top unit (furnace serving for austenitizing and the 200 L capacity bottom unit (stirred NaNO2-KNO3 salt bath serving for isothermal treatment, was used for the experiments. It was found that austempering treatment at 290 °C increased the hardness of the Ni-Cu alloyed GGG-60 sample by about 44% without causing a loss in its ductility. In the case of the Mo-Ni-Cu alloyed sample, the increase in hardness due to austempering reached to almost 80% at the same temperature while some ductility was lost. Here, the microstructural investigation and mechanical testing results of the austempered samples are presented and the role of alloying elements (Mo, Ni, and Cu on the austemperability of GGG-60 is discussed.

  5. Pd surface functionalization of 3D electroformed Ni and Ni-Mo alloy metallic nanofoams for hydrogen production

    Science.gov (United States)

    Petica, A.; Brincoveanu, O.; Golgovici, F.; Manea, A. C.; Enachescu, M.; Anicai, L.

    2018-03-01

    The paper presents some experimental results regarding the functionalization of 3D electroformed Ni and Ni-Mo alloy nanofoams with Pd nanoclusters, as potential cathodic materials suitable for HER during seawater electrolysis. The electrodeposition from aqueous electrolytes containing NiCl2 and NH4Cl has been applied to prepare the 3D Ni nanofoams. Ni-Mo alloys have been electrodeposited involving aqueous ammonium citrate type electrolytes. Pd surface functionalization has been performed using both electroless and electrochemical procedures. Pd content varied in the range of 0.5 – 8 wt.%, depending on the applied procedure and the operation conditions. The use of a porous structure associated with alloying element (i.e. Mo) and Pd surface functionalization facilitated enhanced performances from HER view point in seawater electrolyte (lower Tafel slopes). The determined Tafel slope values ranged from 123 to 105 mV.dec-1, suggesting the Volmer step as rate determining step. The improvement of the HER catalytic activity may be ascribed to a synergistic effect between the high real active area of the 3D electroformed metallic substrate, Ni alloying with a left transition metal and surface modification using Pd noble metal.

  6. Vacancies supersaturation induced by fast neutronn irradiation in FeNi alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lucki, G.; Watanabe, S.; Chambron, W.; Verdoni, J.

    1976-01-01

    Isothermal annealings have been performed between 400 and 555 0 C with and without fast neutron (1 MeV) irradiation. Pure FeNi (50-50 at %) was irradiated in the Melousine reactor in Grenoble and FeNiMO (50-50 at % + 50 ppm.) in the IEAR 1 reactor at the Instituto de Energia Atomica in Sao Paulo. The toroidal shaped specimens were fabricated from Johnson Mathey zone refined ingots and were initially annealed at 800 0 C during 1 h in hydrogen atmosphere and then slowly cooled (4 h) inside the furnace. Magnetic After Effect Measurements (MAE) permitted the evaluation of activation energies during fast neutron irradiation (1.54eV) and without irradiation (3.14eV) for pure FeNi and respectively (1.36eV) and 2.32eV) for FeNiMO. Since the time constants of relaxation process are inversely proportional to the vacancies comcentration a quantitative evaluation of vacancies supersaturation was made it decreases from value 700 at 410 0 C to the value 40 at 190 0 C for pure FeNi and from 765 to 121 for FeNiMO in the same temperature range

  7. Microstructure, soft magnetic properties and applications of amorphous Fe-Co-Si-B-Mo-P alloy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hasiak, Mariusz; Miglierini, Marcel; Łukiewski, Mirosław; Łaszcz, Amadeusz; Bujdoš, Marek

    2018-05-01

    DC thermomagnetic properties of Fe51Co12Si16B8Mo5P8 amorphous alloy in the as-quenched and after annealing below crystallization temperature are investigated. They are related to deviations in the microstructure as revealed by Mössbauer spectrometry. Study of AC magnetic properties, i.e. hysteresis loops, relative permeability and core losses versus maximum induction was aimed at obtaining optimal initial parameters for simulation process of a resonant transformer for a rail power supply converter. The results obtained from numerical analyses including core losses, winding losses, core mass, and dimensions were compared with the same parameters calculated for Fe-Si alloy and ferrite. Moreover, Steinmetz coefficients were also calculated for the as-quenched Fe51Co12Si16B8Mo5P8 amorphous alloy.

  8. Study on the Ni Mo alloy nano crystals

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Goncalves, Lidice A. Pereira; Pontes, Luiz Renato de Araujo

    1996-01-01

    Materials with nanocrystalline microstructures are solids that contain such a high density of defects, with the spacings between neighboring defects approaching interatomic distances. As result, nanocrystalline solids exhibit physical and chemical properties different from those usually found in normal crystalline s or amorphous materials with the same chemical composition. In this work, the nanocrystalline Ni Mo alloy was prepared by melt-spinning method. The novelly synthesized nanocrystalline Ni Mo alloy was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (D S C) and microscopy. The estimated average crystalline size by the Debye-Scherrer formulas was 20 nm. (author)

  9. Effect of alloying Mo on mechanical strength and corrosion resistance of Zr-1% Sn-1% Nb-1% Fe alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sugondo

    2011-01-01

    It had been done research on Zr-1%Sn-1%Nb-1%Fe-(x)%Mo alloy. The ingot was prepared by means of electrical electrode technique. The chemical analysis was identified by XRF, the metallography examination was perform by an optical microscope, the hardness test was done by Vickers microhardness, and the corrosion test was done in autoclave. The objective of this research were making Zr-1%Sn-1%Nb-1%Fe-(x)%Mo alloy with Mo concentration; comparing effect of Mo concentration to metal characteristics of Zr-1%Sn-1%Nb-1%Fe which covered microstructure; composition homogeneity, mechanical strength; and corrosion resistance in steam, and determining the optimal Mo concentration in Zr-1%Sn-1%Nb-1%Fe-(x)% Mo alloy for nuclear fuel cladding which had corrosion resistance and high hardness. The results were as follow: The alloying Mo refined grains at concentration in between 0,1%-0,3% and the concentration more than that could coarsened grains. The hardness of the Zr-1%Sn-1%Nb-1%Fe-(x)%Mo alloy was controlled either by the flaw or the dislocation, the intersection of the harder alloying element, the solid solution of the alloying element and the second phase formation of ZrMo 2 . The corrosion rate of the Zr-1%Sn-1%Nb-1%Fe-(x)%Mo alloy was controlled by the second phase of ZrMo 2 . The 0.3% Mo concentration in Zr-1%Sn-1%Nb-1%Fe-(x)%Mo alloy was the best for second phase formation. The Mo concentration in between 0,3-0,5% in Zr-1%Sn-1%Nb-1%Fe-(x)%Mo alloy was good for the second phase formation and the solid solution. (author)

  10. Hydrogen solubility in austenite of Fe-Ni-Cr alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhirnova, V.V.; Mogutnov, B.M.; Tomilin, I.A.

    1981-01-01

    Hydrogen solubility in Fe-Ni-Cr alloys at 600-1000 deg C is determined. Hydrogen solubility in ternary alloys can not be predicted on the basis of the data on its solubility in binary Fe-Ni, Fe-Cr alloys. Chromium and nickel effect on hydrogen solubility in iron is insignificant in comparison with the effect of these elements on carbon or nitrogen solubility [ru

  11. A FeNiMnC alloy with strain glass transition

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hui Ma

    2018-02-01

    Full Text Available Recent experimental and theoretical investigations suggested that doping sufficient point defects into a normal ferroelastic/martensitic alloy systems could lead to a frozen disordered state of local lattice strains (nanomartensite domains, thereby suppressing the long-range strain-ordering martensitic transition. In this study, we attempt to explore the possibility of developing novel ferrous Elinvar alloys by replacing nickel with carbon and manganese as dopant species. A nominal Fe89Ni5Mn4.6C1.4 alloy was prepared by argon arc melting, and XRD, DSC, DMA and TEM techniques were employed to characterize the strain glass transition signatures, such as invariance in average structure, frequency dispersion in dynamic mechanical properties (storage modulus and internal friction and the formation of nanosized strain domains. It is indicated that doping of Ni, Mn and C suppresses γ→α long-range strain-ordering martensitic transformation in Fe89Ni5Mn4.6C1.4 alloy, generating randomly distributed nanosized domains by strain glass transition. Keywords: Strain glass transition, Elinvar alloys, Point defects, Nanosized domains

  12. Microstructural Characterization of Clad Interface in Welds of Ni-Cr-Mo High Strength Low Alloy Steel

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kim, Hong-Eun; Kim, Min-Chul; Lee, Ho-Jin; Kim, Keong-Ho [KAERI, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of); Lee, Ki-Hyoung [KAIST, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of); Lee, Chang-Hee [Hanyang Univ., Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

    2011-08-15

    SA508 Gr.4N Ni-Cr-Mo low alloy steel, in which Ni and Cr contents are higher than in commercial SA508 Gr.3 Mn-Mo-Ni low alloy steels, may be a candidate reactor pressure vessel (RPV) material with higher strength and toughness from its tempered martensitic microstructure. The inner surface of the RPV is weld-cladded with stainless steels to prevent corrosion. The goal of this study is to evaluate the microstructural properties of the clad interface between Ni-Cr-Mo low alloy steel and stainless weldment, and the effects of post weld heat treatment (PWHT) on the properties. The properties of the clad interface were compared with those of commercial Mn-Mo-Ni low alloy steel. Multi-layer welding of model alloys with ER308L and ER309L stainless steel by the SAW method was performed, and then PWHT was conducted at 610°C for 30 h. The microstructural changes of the clad interface were analyzed using OM, SEM and TEM, and micro-Vickers hardness tests were performed. Before PWHT, the heat affected zone (HAZ) showed higher hardness than base and weld metals due to formation of martensite after welding in both steels. In addition, the hardness of the HAZ in Ni-Cr-Mo low alloy steel was higher than that in Mn-Mo-Ni low alloy steel due to a comparatively high martensite fraction. The hardness of the HAZ decreased after PWHT in both steels, but the dark region was formed near the fusion line in which the hardness was locally high. In the case of Mn-Mo-Ni low alloy steel, formation of fine Cr-carbides in the weld region near the fusion line by diffusion of C from the base metal resulted in locally high hardness in the dark region. However, the precipitates of the region in the Ni-Cr-Mo low alloy steel were similar to that in the base metal, and the hardness in the region was not greatly different from that in the base metal.

  13. Microstructural Characterization of Clad Interface in Welds of Ni-Cr-Mo High Strength Low Alloy Steel

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kim, Hong-Eun; Kim, Min-Chul; Lee, Ho-Jin; Kim, Keong-Ho; Lee, Ki-Hyoung; Lee, Chang-Hee

    2011-01-01

    SA508 Gr.4N Ni-Cr-Mo low alloy steel, in which Ni and Cr contents are higher than in commercial SA508 Gr.3 Mn-Mo-Ni low alloy steels, may be a candidate reactor pressure vessel (RPV) material with higher strength and toughness from its tempered martensitic microstructure. The inner surface of the RPV is weld-cladded with stainless steels to prevent corrosion. The goal of this study is to evaluate the microstructural properties of the clad interface between Ni-Cr-Mo low alloy steel and stainless weldment, and the effects of post weld heat treatment (PWHT) on the properties. The properties of the clad interface were compared with those of commercial Mn-Mo-Ni low alloy steel. Multi-layer welding of model alloys with ER308L and ER309L stainless steel by the SAW method was performed, and then PWHT was conducted at 610°C for 30 h. The microstructural changes of the clad interface were analyzed using OM, SEM and TEM, and micro-Vickers hardness tests were performed. Before PWHT, the heat affected zone (HAZ) showed higher hardness than base and weld metals due to formation of martensite after welding in both steels. In addition, the hardness of the HAZ in Ni-Cr-Mo low alloy steel was higher than that in Mn-Mo-Ni low alloy steel due to a comparatively high martensite fraction. The hardness of the HAZ decreased after PWHT in both steels, but the dark region was formed near the fusion line in which the hardness was locally high. In the case of Mn-Mo-Ni low alloy steel, formation of fine Cr-carbides in the weld region near the fusion line by diffusion of C from the base metal resulted in locally high hardness in the dark region. However, the precipitates of the region in the Ni-Cr-Mo low alloy steel were similar to that in the base metal, and the hardness in the region was not greatly different from that in the base metal.

  14. Quasicrystalline and crystalline precipitation during isothermal tempering in a 12Cr-9Ni-4Mo maraging stainless steel

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liu, P.; Stigenberg, A.H.; Nilsson, J.O.

    1995-01-01

    A thorough microstructural investigation has been performed on a high strength maraging steel of the type 12%Cr-9%Ni-4%Mo-2%Cu-1%Ti. The major precipitate formed during isothermal aging at 475 C is a quasicrystalline phase possessing icosahedral symmetry termed R'-phase with a typical chemical composition of 48%Mo-33%Fe-13%Cr-2%Ni-4%Si. At 550 C the major precipitate is trigonal R-phase with a typical composition of 45%Mo-31%Fe-18%Cr-4%Ni-2%Si. At 550 C also Laves phase with a composition of 48%Mo-35%Fe-13%Cr-2%Ni-2%Si could be observed. At both 475 and 550 C an ordered phase termed L-phase precipitated. This minority phase has an ordered face centered cubic (f.c.c.) structure of type L1 0 . Its composition is typically 9%Fe-4%Cr-52%Ni-15%Mo.-16%Ti-4%Al. R'-phase formed at 475 C transformed to R-phase and Laves phase during aging at 550 C. In an analogous manner, R-phase and Laves phase formed at 550 C transformed to R'-phase during subsequent aging at 475 C. This transformation was rationalized by a strong similarity in crystal structure between quasicrystalline R'-phase of icosahedral symmetry and Frank-Kasper phases such as R-phase and Laves phase

  15. Microstructure, soft magnetic properties and applications of amorphous Fe-Co-Si-B-Mo-P alloy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mariusz Hasiak

    2018-05-01

    Full Text Available DC thermomagnetic properties of Fe51Co12Si16B8Mo5P8 amorphous alloy in the as-quenched and after annealing below crystallization temperature are investigated. They are related to deviations in the microstructure as revealed by Mössbauer spectrometry. Study of AC magnetic properties, i.e. hysteresis loops, relative permeability and core losses versus maximum induction was aimed at obtaining optimal initial parameters for simulation process of a resonant transformer for a rail power supply converter. The results obtained from numerical analyses including core losses, winding losses, core mass, and dimensions were compared with the same parameters calculated for Fe-Si alloy and ferrite. Moreover, Steinmetz coefficients were also calculated for the as-quenched Fe51Co12Si16B8Mo5P8 amorphous alloy.

  16. Phase transformation, magnetic property and microstructure of Ni-Mn-Fe-Co-Ga ferromagnetic shape memory alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tsuchiya, K.; Sho, Y.; Kushima, T.; Todaka, Y.; Umemoto, M.

    2007-01-01

    Effects of addition of Fe and Co on the phase stability, magnetic property and microstructures were investigated for Ni-Mn-Ga. In Ni-Mn 21- x -Fe x -Ga 27 alloys, martensitic transformation temperatures decreased with increasing amount of Fe (x) up to 15 mol%, then slightly increased by the further addition. The crystal structure of martensite phase was 10 M for x 15 mol%. Relatively high martensite stability was obtained for Ni 52 -Mn 16- x -Fe x -Co 5 -Ga 27 alloys. The highest stability of the ferromagnetic martensite phase was achieved in Ni 52 -Mn 6 -Fe 10 -Co 5 -Ga 27 after aging at 773 K for 3.6 ks. Martensite structure was non-modulated 2 M in this series of alloys

  17. Ordering in rapidly solidified Ni/sub 2/Mo

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kulkarni, U.D.; Dey, G.K.; Banerjee, S.

    1988-01-01

    Ordering processes in the Ni-Mo system have been a subject of several investigations. Although the ordering behaviour of the Ni/sub 4/Mo and the Ni/sub 3/Mo has been examined in detail, no such study has been reported in the case of the Ni/sub 2/Mo alloy. The lack of experimental work on ordering transformations in Ni/sub 2/Mo is presumably due to the difficulty in obtaining a single phase fcc alloy of this composition. Enhanced solid solubility of Mo in Ni, which accompanies rapid solidification processing (RSP) makes the formation of such a phase possible. The ordering processes in Ni-Mo based alloys show several remarkable features. Firstly, the alloy (15 - 28 at % Mo) quenched from the α -phase filed exhibit a short range order (SRO) characterized by the presence of intensity maxima at /1 1/2 0/ fcc positions of the reciprocal space. This state of SRO has been attributed to the occurrence of 1 1/2 O spinodal ordering in the system. Secondly, the transformation from the state of SRO to the equilibrium/metastable coherent long range ordered (LRO) structures appears to take place in a continuous manner at relatively low temperatures of aging. Three different coherent LRO structures, namely: the equilibrium Ni/sub 4/Mo (prototype structure D1/sub a/) and the metastable Ni/sub 3/Mo (DO/sub 22/) and Ni/sub 2/Mo (Pt/sub 2/Mo) structures have reported to evolve from the SRO alloy, depending upon the aging treatment and the composition of the alloy

  18. Temperature-dependent rigidity and magnetism of polyamide 6 nanocomposites based on nanocrystalline Fe-Ni alloy of various geometries

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. A. A. Mohamed

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available The focus of this study is to explore the potential use of Polyamide 6 nanocomposite reinforced with nanocrystalline (nc Fe20Ni80 alloy (Fe20Ni80/PA6 PNC in electromagnetic applications and provide understanding of how the alloy particle geometry is controlling the nanocomposite’s physical properties. Thermomechanical rigidity, room-temperature soft magnetic performance and thermal soft magnetic stability of Fe20Ni80/PA6 PNCs based on spherical-sea urchin alloy particles (UMB2-SU and necklace-like alloy chains (UMB2-NC have been investigated. Both PNCs have considerably superior bulk properties compared to neat PA6 and UMB2-SU exhibits the most remarkable overall performance. Morphological observations disclose two relevant phenomena: i improved dispersion and distribution of the SU alloy particles than the NC ones within PA6 matrix, leading to stronger filler-matrix interfacial interactions within the UMB2-SU as compared to the UMB2-NC and ii presence of constraint polymer regions in between alloy segments within the UMB2-SU that provide secondary reinforcing and soft magnetic mechanisms. Such phenomena along with the lower alloy crystallite size and PA6 γ-crystal type content within the UMB2-SU than in the UMB2-NC, are considered the main responsible factors for the distinctive performance of UMB2-SU. Overall, compared to various ferromagnetic nanocrystalline metallic materials, the research proposes the SU nc Fe20Ni80 alloy as a valuable nanofiller in polymers for electromagnetic applications.

  19. Study of the adsorption, electronic structure and bonding of C2H4 on the FeNi(1 1 1) surface

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Simonetti, S.; Brizuela, G.; Juan, A.

    2010-01-01

    The adsorption of C 2 H 4 on the FeNi(1 1 1) alloy surface has been studied by ASED-MO tight binding calculations. The C 2 H 4 molecule presents its most stable geometry with the C=C bond axis parallel to the surface along the [1, -1, 0] direction, bonded on top Fe atom and bonded along a Fe-Fe bridge site. As a consequence, the strength of the local Fe-Fe bond decreases between 37 and 62% of its original bulk value. This bond weakening is mainly due to the new C-Fe interactions however no Fe 3 C carbide formation is evidenced on surface. The Fe-Ni and Ni-Ni superficial bonds are only slightly modified.

  20. Stacking fault energy measurements in solid solution strengthened Ni-Cr-Fe alloys using synchrotron radiation

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Unfried-Silgado, Jimy [Metals Characterization and Processing Laboratory, Brazilian Nanothecnology National Laboratory - CNPEM/ABTLuS, Caixa Postal 6192, CEP 13083-970, Campinas, Sao Paulo (Brazil); Universidade Estadual de Campinas UNICAMP, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica FEM, Campinas (Brazil); Universidad Autonoma del Caribe, Grupo IMTEF, Ingenieria Mecanica, Barranquilla (Colombia); Wu, Leonardo [Metals Characterization and Processing Laboratory, Brazilian Nanothecnology National Laboratory - CNPEM/ABTLuS, Caixa Postal 6192, CEP 13083-970, Campinas, Sao Paulo (Brazil); Furlan Ferreira, Fabio [Universidade Federal do ABC, Centro de Ciencias Naturais e Humanas (CCNH), Sao Paulo (Brazil); Mario Garzon, Carlos [Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Departamento de Fisica, Bogota (Colombia); Ramirez, Antonio J, E-mail: antonio.ramirez@lnnano.org.br [Metals Characterization and Processing Laboratory, Brazilian Nanothecnology National Laboratory - CNPEM/ABTLuS, Caixa Postal 6192, CEP 13083-970, Campinas, Sao Paulo (Brazil)

    2012-12-15

    The stacking fault energy (SFE) in a set of experimental Ni-Cr-Fe alloys was determined using line profile analysis on synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements. The methodology used here is supported by the Warren-Averbach calculations and the relationships among the stacking fault probability ({alpha}) and the mean-square microstrain (<{epsilon}{sup 2}{sub L}>). These parameters were obtained experimentally from cold-worked and annealed specimens extracted from the set of studied Ni-alloys. The obtained results show that the SFE in these alloys is strongly influenced by the kind and quantity of addition elements. Different effects due to the action of carbide-forming elements and the solid solution hardening elements on the SFE are discussed here. The simultaneous addition of Nb, Hf, and, Mo, in the studied Ni-Cr-Fe alloys have generated the stronger decreasing of the SFE. The relationships between SFE and the contributions on electronic structure from each element of additions were established.

  1. Nickel and cobalt base alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Houlle, P.

    1994-01-01

    Nickel base alloys have a good resistance to pitting, cavernous or cracks corrosion. Nevertheless, all the nickel base alloys are not equivalent. Some differences exit between all the families (Ni, Ni-Cu, Ni-Cr-Fe, Ni-Cr-Fe-Mo/W-Cu, Ni-Cr-Mo/W, Ni-Mo). Cobalt base alloys in corrosive conditions are generally used for its wear and cracks resistance, with a compromise to its localised corrosion resistance properties. The choice must be done from the perfect knowledge of the corrosive medium and of the alloys characteristics (chemical, metallurgical). A synthesis of the corrosion resistance in three medium (6% FeCl 3 , 4% NaCl + 1% HCl + 0.1% Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 , 11.5% H 2 SO 4 + 1.2% HCl + 1% Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 + 1% CuCl 2 ) is presented. (A.B.). 11 refs., 1 fig., 12 tabs

  2. Corrosion behaviour of electrodeposited nanocrystalline Ni-W and Ni-Fe-W alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sriraman, K.R.; Ganesh Sundara Raman, S.; Seshadri, S.K.

    2007-01-01

    The present work deals with evaluation of corrosion behaviour of electrodeposited nanocrystalline Ni-W and Ni-Fe-W alloys. Corrosion behaviour of the coatings deposited on steel substrates was studied using polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques in 3.5% NaCl solution while their passivation behaviour was studied in 1N sulphuric acid solution. The corrosion resistance of Ni-W alloys increased with tungsten content up to 7.54 at.% and then decreased. In case of Ni-Fe-W alloys it increased with tungsten content up to 9.20 at.% and then decreased. The ternary alloy coatings exhibited poor corrosion resistance compared to binary alloy coatings due to preferential dissolution of iron from the matrix. Regardless of composition all the alloys exhibited passivation behaviour over a wide range of potentials due to the formation of tungsten rich film on the surface

  3. Corrosion resistance of amorphous NiCrZr and NiCrMoZr alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Naka, M.; Miyake, M.; Okamoto, I.

    1987-01-01

    One of the authors has reported that the corrosion resistance of chromium containing amorphous alloys is extremely improved by alloying phosphorus among metalloids. Two factors operate for the improvement of corrosion resistance of the amorphous alloys. First, phosphorus serves for the rapid formation of protective passive film. Second, the compositional and structural homogeneity in amorphous state also account for the formation of protective film. The latter factor has been clearly seen in the high corrosion resistance of CoCrMoZr and CoCrWZr alloys without metalloids. In order to clarify the separately two factors in the corrosion resistance of amorphous alloys, the corrosion resistance of amorphous alloys without metalloids has to be further investigated. This paper also deals with the corrosion resistance and electrochemical behavior of NiCrZr and NiCrMoZr alloys in 1N HCl, and compare them with the corrosion behavior of the crystalline alloys containing the same composition as that of the amorphous alloys

  4. Density of liquid NiCrAlMo quarternary alloys measured by a modified sessile drop method

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fang, L.; Wang, Y.F.; Xiao, F.; Tao, Z.N.; MuKai, K.

    2006-01-01

    The densities of liquid NiCrAlMo quaternary alloys with a fixed molar ratio of Ni:Cr:Al (approximately as 73:14:13) and molybdenum concentration from 0 to 10 mass% were measured by a modified sessile drop method (MSDM). It was found that the density of the liquid NiCrAlMo quaternary alloys decreases with increasing temperature, but increases with the increase of molybdenum concentration. The molar volume of liquid NiCrAlMo quaternary alloys increases with the increase of temperature and molybdenum concentration. The density of liquid NiCrAlMo quaternary alloys calculated from the partial molar volumes of nickel, chromium, aluminum and molybdenum in the corresponding Ni-based binary alloys are in good agreement with the experimental results, means, within the error tolerance range the density of liquid Ni-based multi-component alloys can be predicted from the partial volumes of elements in Ni-based binary alloys in liquid state

  5. Studies on the influence of processing methods on the corrosion characteristics of electroslag-tape-plating with NiMo16Cr16Ti. Untersuchungen zum Einfluss der Prozessfuehrung auf die Korrosionseigenschaften beim Elektroschlacke-Bandplattieren mit NiMo16Cr16Ti

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Blum, J

    1991-01-01

    The aim of the project was to demonstrate an economic possibility of using NiMo16Cr16Ti reliably as a plating material with simple to use methods. For this, the electroslag and submerged arc welding with tape electrodes as a coating technology are compared with each other. As the research showed, it is possible to coat large surface area, thick walled components economically with NiMo16Cr16Ti using electroslag (RES) tape plating. The choice of powder is important for the hot crack freedom and the precipitation poverty and thus the corrosion resistance of the plating. The silicon content was proved to be of importance in the plating. With the right choice of powder, the second layer already possesses the endurance of laminated materials against intercrystalline corrosion in coating tests as well as against pitting in a 10% FeCl{sub 3} solution. The coating capability lies at 0.5 m{sup 2}/h. - In addition the use of video thermography for on-line surveillance of seam on RES plates is documented. The evaluation of the pictures makes possible the targeting of the external magnets and thus the influencing of the melting bath flux. (orig./RHM) With 80 figs., 12 tabs.

  6. Alloying behavior and deformation twinning in a CoNiFeCrAl0.6Ti0.4 high entropy alloy processed by spark plasma sintering

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fu, Zhiqiang; Chen, Weiping; Fang, Sicong; Zhang, Dayue; Xiao, Huaqiang; Zhu, Dezhi

    2013-01-01

    Highlights: ► CoNiFeCrAl 0.6 Ti 0.4 high entropy alloy has been synthesized via MA and SPS. ► Deformation twinning possibly occurred during MA or SPS. ► This alloy exhibits excellent mechanical properties. ► The fracture mechanism of this alloy is intergranular fracture and plastic fracture. -- Abstract: Inequi-atomic CoNiFeCrAl 0.6 Ti 0.4 high entropy alloy has been designed and fabricated by mechanical alloying (MA) and spark plasma sintering (SPS). Alloying behavior, microstructure, phase evolution and mechanical properties of CoNiFeCrAl 0.6 Ti 0.4 alloy were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM), as well as by an Instron testing system. During MA, a supersaturated solid solution consisting of a FCC phase and a metastable BCC phase was formed. Two FCC phases (named FCC1 and FCC2) and a new BCC phase were observed after SPS. During SPS, the metastable BCC phase transformed into the FCC2 phase and the new BCC phase. Meanwhile, the FCC1 phase was the initial FCC phase which was formed during MA. Moreover, nanoscale twins obviously presented only in partial FCC1 phase after SPS. Deformation twinning may be occurred during MA or SPS. The sintered alloy with a high relative density of 98.83% exhibits excellent comprehensive mechanical properties. The yield stress, compressive strength, compression ratio and Vickers hardness of the alloy are 2.08, 2.52 GPa, 11.5% and 573 H V , respectively. The fracture mechanism of CoNiFeCrAl 0.6 Ti 0.4 high entropy alloy is mainly performed at intergranular fracture and plastic fracture mode

  7. Moessbauer spectroscopy on amorphous Fe/sub x/Ni/sub 80-x/B20 after neutron irradiation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sitek, J.; Miglierini, M.

    1985-01-01

    Amorphous Fe/sub x/Ni/sub 80-x/B 20 glassy alloys (x = 40, 50, 60, and 70) irradiated with fast neutrons in a fluence range of 10 14 to 10 19 cm -2 were investigated by Moessbauer spectroscopy. There were some significant changes in the Moessbauer spectrum parameters of the 10 19 cm -2 irradiated samples except Fe 40 Ni 40 B 20 . This corresponds to a change in the direction of the easy axis of magnetization. The measurements show that the resistance of the Fe-Ni-B system against neutron irradiation improves with increasing Ni content up to a certain point

  8. Phase separation in equiatomic AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Manzoni, A., E-mail: anna.manzoni@helmholtz-berlin.de [Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Institute of Applied Materials, D-14109 Berlin (Germany); Daoud, H.; Völkl, R.; Glatzel, U. [Metals and Alloys, University Bayreuth, Ludwig-Thoma-Strasse 36b, D-95447 Bayreuth (Germany); Wanderka, N. [Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Institute of Applied Materials, D-14109 Berlin (Germany)

    2013-09-15

    The microstructure of the as-cast AlCoCrFeNi high entropy alloy has been investigated by transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography. The alloy shows a very pronounced microstructure with clearly distinguishable dendrites and interdendrites. In both regions a separation into an Al–Ni rich matrix and Cr–Fe-rich precipitates can be observed. Moreover, fluctuations of single elements within the Cr–Fe rich phase have been singled out by three dimensional atom probe measurements. The results of investigations are discussed in terms of spinodal decomposition of the alloying elements inside the Cr–Fe-rich precipitates. - Highlights: ► The Alloy separates into an Al–Ni rich matrix and Cr–Fe-rich precipitates. ► Concentration depth profiles in the Cr–Fe rich regions show opposite fluctuations. ► They have been attributed to the spinodal decomposition of Fe- and Cr-rich phases. ► The Al–Ni rich region corresponds well to the Al–Ni rich phases observed in the 6 component AlCoCrCuFeNi alloy.

  9. Identification of an eta boride phase as a crystallization product of a NiMoFeB amorphous alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kim, Y.W.; Rabenberg, L.; Bourell, D.L.

    1988-01-01

    A new, apparently metastable, Mo--Ni boride phase has been observed in transmission electron microscope samples of rapidly consolidated MoNiFeB metallic glass powders. The phase is cubic with lattice parameter 1.083 nm. Its space group as determined by electron diffraction is Fd3-barm and its approximate composition is Mo 3 Ni 3 B. Because its structure, its composition, and its role as a transition phase are analogous to those of eta carbide (M 6 C) in steels and cemented carbides, this phase has tentatively been named ''eta boride.''

  10. Kinetic study of the annealing reactions in Cu-Ni-Fe alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Donoso, E.

    2014-01-01

    The thermal aging of a Cu-45Ni-4Fe, Cu-34Ni-11Fe and Cu-33Ni-22Fe alloys tempered from 1173 K have been studied from Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and microhardness measurements. The analysis of DSC curves, from room temperature to 950 K, shows the presence of one exothermic reaction associated to the formation of FeNi 3 phase nucleating from a modulate structure, and one endothermic peak attributed to dissolution of this phase. Kinetic parameters were obtained using the usual Avrami-Erofeev equation, modified Kissinger method and integrated kinetic functions. Microhardness measurements confirmed the formation and dissolution of the FeNi 3 phase. (Author)

  11. Corrosion resistance of Mo-Fe-Ti alloy for overpack in simulating underground environment

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Nishimura, Toshiyasu, E-mail: NISHIMURA.Toshiyasu@nims.go.jp [Structural metals Center, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1, Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047 (Japan)

    2011-12-15

    Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Aging heat-treated Mo-Fe-Ti alloy showed lower corrosion resistance than solution treated one, but much higher than pure Ti in EIS measurement. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer As {alpha}-phases showed lower Mo content by TEM, they were preferentially dissolved from base metal in the corrosion test. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer As Fe was involved in {beta} (b)-phase with Mo which increased the corrosion resistance, the addition of Fe did not decrease the corrosion resistance. - Abstract: In order to examine the application of Mo-Fe-Ti alloy for overpak, the corrosion resistance of heat-treated its alloys was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The sample subjected to solution heat treatment (ST) had a single {beta} phase and samples subjected to aging heat treatment at 600-700 Degree-Sign C had {alpha} phase precipitation in {beta} phase. EIS results showed that the corrosion resistance of the aging heat-treated samples was lower than that of the ST sample, but much higher than that of pure Ti in 10% NaCl solution of pH 0.5 at 97 Degree-Sign C which simulating the crevice solution. Laser micrographs of the aging heat-treated samples indicated that {alpha} phase was caused selective dissolution in test solution. The TEM combined with EDAX (energy dispersive X-ray) analyses showed that {beta} phase matrix composed of 2.7 wt.% Mo and 4.8 wt.% Fe, and {alpha} phase composed of 0.7 wt.% Mo and 0.1 wt.% Fe in sample aged at 600 Degree-Sign C. Thus, Mo-poor {alpha} phase was selectively dissolved in a test solution. In EIS, the ST sample of only {beta} phase showed the highest resistance, and aging heat-treated samples containing {alpha} phase (0.7 wt.% Mo) showed higher values than pure Ti in the corrosion test. As Fe was involved in {beta} phase with Mo which increased remarkably the corrosion resistance, the addition of Fe did not decrease the corrosion resistance

  12. Microstructure investigation of NiAl-Cr(Mo) interface in a directionally solidified NiAl-Cr(Mo) eutectic alloyed with refractory metal

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chen, Y.X.; Cui, C.Y.; Guo, J.T.; Li, D.X.

    2004-01-01

    The microstructure of a directionally solidified NiAl-Cr(Mo) eutectic alloyed with refractory metal in as-processed and heat-treated states has been studied by means of scanning electron microscopy and high resolution electron microscopy (HREM). The microstructure of the NiAl-Cr(Mo) eutectic was characterized by lamellar Cr(Mo) phases embedded within NiAl matrix with common growth direction of . The interface between NiAl and lamellar Cr(Mo) did not have any transition layers. Misfit dislocations were observed at the NiAl-Cr(Mo) interface. In addition to lamellar Cr(Mo) phases, coherent Cr(Mo, Ni, Al) precipitates and NiAl precipitates were also observed in the NiAl matrix and lamellar Cr(Mo) phases, respectively. After hot isostatic pressing and heat treatment, the NiAl-Cr(Mo) interfaces became smooth and straight. Square array of misfit dislocations was directly observed at the (0 0 1) interface between NiAl and Cr(Mo, Ni, Al) precipitate. The configuration of misfit dislocation network showed a generally good agreement with prediction based on the geometric O-lattice model

  13. Structural and magnetic properties of nanocrystalline Fe–Co–Ni alloy processed by mechanical alloying

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Raanaei, Hossein; Eskandari, Hossein; Mohammad-Hosseini, Vahid

    2016-01-01

    In this present work, a nanostructured iron–cobalt–nickel alloy with Fe_5_0Co_3_0Ni_2_0 composition has been processed by mechanical alloying. The structural and magnetic properties have been investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometer. It is shown that the crystallize size reaches to about 18.7 nm after 32 h milling time. A remarkable decrease in coercivity after 16 h milling time and also a continuous increase in remanent magnetization during the mechanical alloying process are observed. Heat treatment of the samples milled at 32 and 48 h demonstrates the crystalline constituent elements and also Fe_3O_4 crystalline phase. - Highlights: • This article focuses on mechanical alloying of Fe_5_0Co_3_0Ni_2_0 composition. • Structural and magnetic properties were investigated. • Saturation magnetization was increased sharply after 16 h of milling time. • The heat treatment revealed the signature of Fe_3O_4 as well as FeNi_3 and Co crystalline phases.

  14. Structural and magnetic properties of nanocrystalline Fe–Co–Ni alloy processed by mechanical alloying

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Raanaei, Hossein, E-mail: hraanaei@yahoo.com [Department of Physics, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr 75169 (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Eskandari, Hossein [Department of Mechanical Engineering, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr 75169 (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Mohammad-Hosseini, Vahid [Department of Physics, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr 75169 (Iran, Islamic Republic of)

    2016-01-15

    In this present work, a nanostructured iron–cobalt–nickel alloy with Fe{sub 50}Co{sub 30}Ni{sub 20} composition has been processed by mechanical alloying. The structural and magnetic properties have been investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometer. It is shown that the crystallize size reaches to about 18.7 nm after 32 h milling time. A remarkable decrease in coercivity after 16 h milling time and also a continuous increase in remanent magnetization during the mechanical alloying process are observed. Heat treatment of the samples milled at 32 and 48 h demonstrates the crystalline constituent elements and also Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} crystalline phase. - Highlights: • This article focuses on mechanical alloying of Fe{sub 50}Co{sub 30}Ni{sub 20} composition. • Structural and magnetic properties were investigated. • Saturation magnetization was increased sharply after 16 h of milling time. • The heat treatment revealed the signature of Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} as well as FeNi{sub 3} and Co crystalline phases.

  15. Phase transformation in rapidly quenched Fe-Cr-Co-Mo-Ti-Si-B alloys

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhukov, D. G.; Shubakov, V. S.; Zhukova, E. Kh; Gorshenkov, M. V.

    2018-03-01

    The research results of phase transformations in Fe-24Cr-16Co-3Mo-0.2Ti-1Si-B alloys (with a boron content of 1 to 3% by mass) obtained by rapid quenching are presented. The structure formation regularities during the melt spinning and during the subsequent crystallization annealing in rapidly quenched bands of the Fe-Cr-Co-Mo-Ti-Si-B system alloys were studied. The changes in the phase composition of the rapidly quenched Fe-Cr-Co-Mo-Ti- Si-B system alloys after quenching at various quench rates and at different boron concentrations in the alloys are studied. It is shown that during crystallization from an amorphous state, at temperatures above 570 °C, in addition to the α-phase, the σ-phase appears first, followed by the γ-phase. Heat treatment of rapidly quenched bands to high-coercive state was carried out. A qualitative assessment of magnetic properties in a high-coercivity state was carried out. An evaluation of the level of magnetic properties in a high-coercivity state allows us to conclude that the application of a magnetic field during crystallization from an amorphous state leads to anisotropy of the magnetic properties, that is, an anisotropic effect of thermo-magnetic treatment is detected.

  16. Corrosion resistance of Fe-based amorphous alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Botta, W.J.; Berger, J.E.; Kiminami, C.S.; Roche, V.; Nogueira, R.P.; Bolfarini, C.

    2014-01-01

    Highlights: ► We report corrosion properties of Fe-based amorphous alloys in different media. ► The Cr-containing alloys had corrosion resistance close to that of Pt in all media. ► The wide range of electrochemical stability is relevant in many industrial domains. -- Abstract: Fe-based amorphous alloys can be designed to present an attractive combination of properties with high corrosion resistance and high mechanical strength. Such properties are clearly adequate for their technological use as coatings, for example, in steel pipes. In this work, we studied the corrosion properties of amorphous ribbons of the following Fe-based compositions: Fe 66 B 30 Nb 4 , [(Fe 0.6 Co 0.4 ) 0.75 B 0.2 Si 0.05 ] 96 Nb 4 , [(Fe 0.7 Co 0.3 ) 0.75 B 0.2 Si 0.05 ] 96 Nb 4 , Fe 56 Cr 23 Ni 5.7 B 16 , Fe 53 Cr 22 Ni 5.6 B 19 and Fe 50 Cr 22 Ni 5.4 B 23 . The ribbons were obtained by rapid solidification using the melt-spinning process, and were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and optical (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The corrosion properties were evaluated by corrosion potential survey and potentiodynamic polarization. The Cr containing alloys, that is the FeCrNiB type of alloys, showed the best corrosion resistance properties with the formation of a stable passive film that ensured a very large passivation plateau

  17. Properties of the passive films on Ni-Cr-Mo alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lloyd, A.C.; Noel, J.J.; McIntyre, N.S.; Shoesmith, D.W.

    2003-01-01

    Ni-Cr-Mo alloys are among the most corrosion resistant materials known, showing exceptional localized corrosion resistance under extreme industrial conditions. Accordingly, one such alloy, Alloy-22. is a candidate material for the outer sheathing of nuclear waste packages for the Yucca Mountain repository. Nevada, USA. We briefly report our results on the passive behaviour for a series of Ni-Cr-Mo alloys, with the emphasis on determining if there is a temperature dependence associated with it. The change of passive corrosion rate with temperature is a critical parameter required for long-term performance assessment calculations. The results show that alloy C22 performed better than the other members of the C-series of alloys under acidic conditions. This indicates that its selection as a waste package material is appropriate, and that it possess the potential for long-term containment of radio-nuclides. (author)

  18. Solubility of sulfur in Fe-Cr-Ni alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bogolyubskij, S.D.; Petrova, E.F.; Rogov, A.I.; Shvartsman, L.A.

    1979-01-01

    The solubility of 35 S was determined in Fe-Cr-Ni alloys in the range of temperatures between 910 and 1050 deg C by the method of radiometric analysis. It was found that the solubility of sulfur increases with the concentration of chromium in alloys with 20% Ni

  19. Preparation and properties of Fe{sub 80−x}Ni{sub x}P{sub 14}B{sub 6} bulk metallic glasses

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zhang, Ling; Ma, XiuHua [School of Physics Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046 (China); Li, Qiang, E-mail: qli@xju.edu.cn [School of Physics Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046 (China); Zhang, Jijun [School of Physics Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046 (China); Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201 (China); Dong, Yaqiang; Chang, Chuntao [Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201 (China)

    2014-09-01

    Highlights: • Fe{sub 80−x}Ni{sub x}P{sub 14}B{sub 6} (x = 20–50 at.%) BMGs were prepared by fluxing and J-quenching techniques. • The highest GFA is reached at x = 40 and the corresponding critical diameter is up to 2.5 mm. • The present FeNi-based BMGs exhibit very large ε{sub p} and the ε{sub p} of Fe{sub 30}Ni{sub 50}P{sub 14}B{sub 6} BMG is 11.7%. • The present FeNi-based BMGs have much higher corrosion resistance than stainless steel. - Abstract: Bulk Fe{sub 80−x}Ni{sub x}P{sub 14}B{sub 6} (x = 20, 30, 40, 50 at.%) glassy alloy rods with the diameters of 1.0–2.5 mm were synthesized by combining fluxing technique and J-quenching technique. The glassy alloy rods were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). It is found that the range of supercooled liquid region (ΔT{sub x}) is 27–32 K. The saturation magnetization of Fe{sub 80−x}Ni{sub x}P{sub 14}B{sub 6} (x = 20, 30, 40, 50 at.%) bulk glassy alloys gradually decreases from 1.13 T to 0.58 T with increasing Ni content from x = 20 to x = 50. More importantly, the present quaternary FeNiPB bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) shows a significant plastic strain, in particular, the plastic strain of Fe{sub 30}Ni{sub 50}P{sub 14}B{sub 6} BMG reaches as high as 11.7%. The corrosion resistance of the present FeNiPB BMGs was studied by weight-loss method, potentiodynamic polarization curves and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It is shown that the corrosion resistance of the present FeNiPB BMGs in 0.5 M NaCl and 1 M HCl solution increases with Ni content, and further the present FeNiPB BMGs exhibit larger E{sub corr} values and lower I{sub corr} values, i.e. higher corrosion resistances, than that of stainless steel.

  20. Influence of Ti addition and sintering method on microstructure and mechanical behavior of a medium-entropy Al0.6CoNiFe alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fu, Zhiqiang; Chen, Weiping; Chen, Zhen; Wen, Haiming; Lavernia, Enrique J.

    2014-01-01

    The influence of Ti addition and sintering method on the microstructure and mechanical behavior of a medium-entropy alloy, Al 0.6 CoNiFe alloy, was studied in detail. Alloying behavior, microstructure, phase evolution and mechanical properties of Al 0.6 CoNiFe and Ti 0.4 Al 0.6 CoNiFe alloys were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), as well as by mechanical testing. During the mechanical alloying (MA) process, a supersaturated solid solution consisting of both BCC and FCC phases was formed in the Al 0.6 CoNiFe alloy. With Ti addition, the Ti 0.4 Al 0.6 CoNiFe alloy exhibited a supersaturated solid solution with a single FCC phase. Following hot pressing (HP), the HP sintered (HP’ed) Al 0.6 CoNiFe bulk alloy was composed of a major BCC phase and a minor FCC phase. The HP’ed Ti 0.4 Al 0.6 CoNiFe alloy exhibited a FCC phase, two BCC phases and a trace unidentified phase. Nanoscale twins were present in the HP’ed Ti 0.4 Al 0.6 CoNiFe alloy, where deformation twins were observed in the FCC phase. Our results suggest that the addition of Ti facilitated the formation of nanoscale twins. The compressive strength and Vickers hardness of HP’ed Ti 0.4 Al 0.6 CoNiFe alloy were slightly lower than the corresponding values of the HP’ed Al 0.6 CoNiFe alloy. In contrast with HP’ed Al 0.6 CoNiFe alloy, spark plasma sintered (SPS’ed) Al 0.6 CoNiFe alloy exhibited a major FCC phase and a minor BCC phase. Moreover, the SPS’ed Al 0.6 CoNiFe alloy exhibited a lower compressive strength and Vickers hardness, but singificantly higher plasticity, as compared to those of the HP’ed counterpart material

  1. Polymer stabilized Ni-Ag and Ni-Fe alloy nanoclusters: Structural and magnetic properties

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kabir, L.; Mandal, A.R. [Department of Physics, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan-731 235 (India); Mandal, S.K., E-mail: sk_mandal@hotmail.co [Department of Physics, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan-731 235 (India)

    2010-04-15

    We report here the structural and magnetic behaviors of nickel-silver (Ni-Ag) and nickel-iron (Ni-Fe) nanoclusters stabilized with polymer (polypyrrole). High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) indicates Ni-Ag nanoclusters to stabilize in core-shell configuration while that of Ni-Fe nanoclusters in a mixed type of geometry. Structural characterizations by X-ray diffraction (XRD) reveal the possibility of alloying in such bimetallic nanoclusters to some extent even at temperatures much lower than that of bulk alloying. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra clearly reveal two different absorption behaviors: one is ascribed to non-isolated Ni{sup 2+} clusters surrounded by either silver or iron giving rise to a broad signal, other (very narrow signal) being due to the isolated superparamagnetic Ni{sup 2+} clusters or bimetallic alloy nanoclusters. Results obtained for Ni-Ag and Ni-Fe nanoclusters have been further compared with the behavior exhibited by pure Ni nanoclusters in polypyrrole host. Temperature dependent studies (at 300 and 77 K) of EPR parameters, e.g. linewidth, g-value, line shape and signal intensity indicating the significant influence of surrounding paramagnetic silver or ferromagnetic iron within polymer host on the EPR spectra have been presented.

  2. Polymer stabilized Ni-Ag and Ni-Fe alloy nanoclusters: Structural and magnetic properties

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kabir, L.; Mandal, A. R.; Mandal, S. K.

    2010-04-01

    We report here the structural and magnetic behaviors of nickel-silver (Ni-Ag) and nickel-iron (Ni-Fe) nanoclusters stabilized with polymer (polypyrrole). High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) indicates Ni-Ag nanoclusters to stabilize in core-shell configuration while that of Ni-Fe nanoclusters in a mixed type of geometry. Structural characterizations by X-ray diffraction (XRD) reveal the possibility of alloying in such bimetallic nanoclusters to some extent even at temperatures much lower than that of bulk alloying. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra clearly reveal two different absorption behaviors: one is ascribed to non-isolated Ni 2+ clusters surrounded by either silver or iron giving rise to a broad signal, other (very narrow signal) being due to the isolated superparamagnetic Ni 2+ clusters or bimetallic alloy nanoclusters. Results obtained for Ni-Ag and Ni-Fe nanoclusters have been further compared with the behavior exhibited by pure Ni nanoclusters in polypyrrole host. Temperature dependent studies (at 300 and 77 K) of EPR parameters, e.g. linewidth, g-value, line shape and signal intensity indicating the significant influence of surrounding paramagnetic silver or ferromagnetic iron within polymer host on the EPR spectra have been presented.

  3. Polymer stabilized Ni-Ag and Ni-Fe alloy nanoclusters: Structural and magnetic properties

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kabir, L.; Mandal, A.R.; Mandal, S.K.

    2010-01-01

    We report here the structural and magnetic behaviors of nickel-silver (Ni-Ag) and nickel-iron (Ni-Fe) nanoclusters stabilized with polymer (polypyrrole). High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) indicates Ni-Ag nanoclusters to stabilize in core-shell configuration while that of Ni-Fe nanoclusters in a mixed type of geometry. Structural characterizations by X-ray diffraction (XRD) reveal the possibility of alloying in such bimetallic nanoclusters to some extent even at temperatures much lower than that of bulk alloying. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra clearly reveal two different absorption behaviors: one is ascribed to non-isolated Ni 2+ clusters surrounded by either silver or iron giving rise to a broad signal, other (very narrow signal) being due to the isolated superparamagnetic Ni 2+ clusters or bimetallic alloy nanoclusters. Results obtained for Ni-Ag and Ni-Fe nanoclusters have been further compared with the behavior exhibited by pure Ni nanoclusters in polypyrrole host. Temperature dependent studies (at 300 and 77 K) of EPR parameters, e.g. linewidth, g-value, line shape and signal intensity indicating the significant influence of surrounding paramagnetic silver or ferromagnetic iron within polymer host on the EPR spectra have been presented.

  4. Influence of graphite-alloy interactions on corrosion of Ni-Mo-Cr alloy in molten fluorides

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ai, Hua; Hou, Juan; Ye, Xiang-Xi; Zeng, Chao Liu; Sun, Hua; Li, Xiaoyun; Yu, Guojun; Zhou, Xingtai; Wang, Jian-Qiang

    2018-05-01

    In this study, the effects of graphite-alloy interaction on corrosion of Ni-Mo-Cr alloy in molten FLiNaK salt were investigated. The corrosion tests of Ni-Mo-Cr alloys were conducted in graphite crucibles, to examine the differences of test specimens in conditions of electric contact and isolated with graphite, respectively. The corrosion attack is severer with more weight loss and deeper Cr depletion layer in samples electric contact with graphite than those isolated with graphite. The occurrence of galvanic corrosion between alloy specimens and graphite container was confirmed by electrochemical measurement. The corrosion is controlled by nonelectric transfer in isolated test while electrochemical reaction accelerated corrosion in electric contact test.

  5. Magnetic regimes in amorphous Ni--Fe--P--B alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Durand, J.

    1976-10-01

    A complete substitution of iron for nickel was obtained by splat-cooling in amorphous alloys of composition (Ni/sub 100-y/Fe/sub y/) 79 P 13 B 8 . Results of high-field magnetization (up to 70 kOe), ac and dc low-field susceptibility, Curie temperature, and resistivity measurements over a temperature range of 1.7 to 300 0 K are reported. The Ni 79 P 13 B 8 alloy is not ferromagnetic, but the magnetization behavior as a function of field and temperature is typically that of alloys in the critical concentration range for ferromagnetism. The Fe 79 P 13 B 8 alloy is ferromagnetic with a Curie temperature T/sub c/ of 616 0 K. For y = 1 at. percent, the Fe atoms are magnetic. The variation of the moment per Fe atom as a function of y is discussed. When y is increased, the Ni atoms are likely to be polarized progressively and the moment per Ni atom would be roughly constant for y equal to or greater than 30 at. percent. Various magnetic behaviors were defined as a function of the Fe content. The value of T/sub c/ reaches a maximum for y similarly ordered 90 at. percent and extrapolates to zero for y similarly ordered 7 at. percent. Alloys within the range 1 equal to or less than y equal to or less than 10 at. percent did not exhibit well-defined Curie transition, but sharp maxima in low-field susceptibility measurements were observed at T/sub M/. The value of T/sub M/ is proportional to y for 1 equal to or less than y equal to or less than 4 at. percent, as in classical spin-glass regimes. For 4 less than y equal to or less than 10 at. percent, the variation of T/sub M/ as a function of y implies a more complicated type of magnetic ordering (micromagnetism or superparamagnetism). Homogeneous ferromagnetic ordering emerges only for y greater than 10 at. percent. Results of resistivity measurements are discussed in relation to the magnetic properties of different regimes in the magnetic phase diagram. 6 figures, 2 tables

  6. Point defect properties of ternary fcc Fe-Cr-Ni alloys

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wróbel, J.S., E-mail: jan.wrobel@inmat.pw.edu.pl [Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Woloska 141, 02-507 Warsaw (Poland); Nguyen-Manh, D.; Dudarev, S.L. [CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB (United Kingdom); Kurzydłowski, K.J. [Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Woloska 141, 02-507 Warsaw (Poland)

    2017-02-15

    Highlights: • Properties of point defects depend on the local atomic environment. • As the degree of chemical order increases, the formation energies increase, too. • Relaxation volumes are larger for the more ordered structures. - Abstract: The properties of point defects in Fe-Cr-Ni alloys are investigated, using density functional theory (DFT), for two alloy compositions, Fe{sub 50}Cr{sub 25}Ni{sub 25} and Fe{sub 55}Cr{sub 15}Ni{sub 30}, assuming various degrees of short-range order. DFT-based Monte Carlo simulations are applied to explore short-range order parameters and generate representative structures of alloys. Chemical potentials for the relevant structures are estimated from the minimum of the substitutional energy at representative atoms sites. Vacancies and 〈1 0 0〉 dumbbells are introduced in the Fe{sub 2}CrNi intermetallic phase as well as in two Fe{sub 55}Cr{sub 15}Ni{sub 30} alloy structures: the disordered and short range-ordered structures, generated using Monte Carlo simulations at 2000 K and 300 K, respectively. Formation energies and relaxation volumes of defects as well as changes of magnetic moments caused by the presence of defects are investigated as functions of the local environment of a defect.

  7. Synthesis and characterization of Ni-Mo filler brazing alloy for Mo-W joining for microwave tube technology

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Frank Ferrer Sene

    2013-04-01

    Full Text Available A brazing process based on Ni-Mo alloy was developed to join porous tungsten cathode bottom and dense molybdenum cathode body for microwave tubes manufacture. The Ni-Mo alloy was obtained by mixing and milling powders in the eutectic composition, and applied on the surface of the components. The brazing was made at 1400 °C by using induction heating in hydrogen for 5 minutes. Alumina surfaces were coated with the binder and analyzed by Energy Dispersive X-rays Fluorescence. The brazed samples were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled to Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy. Stress-strain tests were performed to determine the mechanical behavior of the joining. The quality of the brazing was evaluated by assuring the presence of a "meniscus" formed by the Ni-Mo alloy on the border of the tungsten and molybdenum joint, the absence of microstructural defects in the interface between the tungsten and molybdenum alloys, and the adhesion of the brazed components.

  8. Anti-Invar properties and magnetic order in fcc Fe-Ni-C alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nadutov, V.M.; Kosintsev, S.G.; Svystunov, Ye.O.; Garamus, V.M.; Willumeit, R.; Eckerlebe, H.; Ericsson, T.; Annersten, H.

    2011-01-01

    Anti-Invar effect was revealed in the fcc Fe-25.3%Ni-0.73%C (wt%) alloy, which demonstrates high values of thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) (15-21)x10 -6 K -1 accompanied by almost temperature-insensitive behavior in temperature range of 122-525 K. Alloying with carbon considerably expanded the low temperature range of anti-Invar behavior in fcc Fe-Ni-based alloy. The Curie temperature of the alloy T C =195 K was determined on measurements of temperature dependences of magnetic susceptibility and saturation magnetization. The Moessbauer and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments on the fcc Fe-25.3%Ni-(0.73-0.78)%C alloys with the varying temperatures below and above the Curie point and in external magnetic field of 1.5-5 T were conducted. Low value of the Debye temperature Θ D =180 K was estimated using the temperature dependence of the integral intensity of Moessbauer spectra for specified temperature range. The inequality B eff =(0.7-0.9)B ext was obtained in external field Moessbauer measurement that points to antiferromagnetically coupled Fe atoms, which have a tendency to align their spins perpendicular to B ext . Nano length scale magnetic inhomogeneities nearby and far above T C were revealed, which assumed that it is caused by mixed antiferromagnetically and ferromagnetically coupled Fe atom spins. The anti-Invar behavior of Fe-Ni-C alloy is explained in terms of evolution of magnetic order with changing temperature resulting from thermally varied interspin interaction and decreasing stiffness of interatomic bond. - Highlights: → Anti-Invar effect was revealed in the fcc Fe-25.3%Ni-0.73%C (wt%) alloy. → Carbon expanded the temperature range of anti-Invar behavior in Fe-Ni-based alloy. → Moessbauer data point to mixed interspin interaction and low the Dedye temperature. → The SANS experiments reveal nano length scale magnetic inhomogeneities ≤6 nm. → Anti-Invar behavior of Fe-Ni-C alloy explained by thermally varied magnetic order.

  9. Microstructure and Room-Temperature Mechanical Properties of FeCrMoVTi x High-Entropy Alloys

    Science.gov (United States)

    Guo, Jun; Huang, Xuefei; Huang, Weigang

    2017-07-01

    FeCrMoVTi x ( x values represent the molar ratio, where x = 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0) high-entropy alloys were prepared by a vacuum arc melting method. The effects of Ti element on the microstructure and room-temperature mechanical properties of the as-cast FeCrMoVTi x alloys were investigated. The results show that the prepared alloys exhibited typical dendritic microstructure and the size of the microstructure became fine with increasing Ti content. The FeCrMoV alloy exhibited a single body-centered cubic structure (BCC1) and the alloys prepared with Ti element exhibited BCC1 + BCC2 mixed structure. The new BCC2 phase is considered as (Fe, Ti)-rich phase and was distributed in the dendrite region. With the increase of Ti content, the volume fraction of the BCC2 phase increased and its shape changed from a long strip to a network. For the FeCrMoV alloy, the fracture strength, plastic strain, and hardness reached as high as 2231 MPa, 28.2%, and 720 HV, respectively. The maximum hardness of 887 HV was obtained in the FeCrMoVTi alloy. However, the fracture strength, yield stress, and plastic strain of the alloys decreased continuously as Ti content increased. In the room-temperature compressive test, the alloys showed typical brittle fracture characteristics.

  10. Effect of conventional and subzero treating on the mechanical properties of aged martensitic Fe-12 wt.% Ni-X wt.% Mn alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nedjad, S. Hossein; Nili-Ahmadabadi, M.; Mahmudi, R.; Farhangi, H.

    2003-01-01

    Fe-Ni-Mn maraging alloys are suffering from sever embrittlement after aging. Mechanism of the embrittelement has not been well understood yet. Segregation of Mn atoms or formation of Austenite particles at prior Austenite grain boundaries (PAGBs) have been reported as embrittelement mechanisms while it remains controversial now. For better understanding of embrittelement behavior, effect of subzero treating after aging, double aging and modification of alloy composition on the mechanical properties and fracture behavior were investigated. Alloys of chemical compositions Fe-11.9 wt.% Ni-6.3 wt.% Mn and Fe-10.5 wt.% Ni-5.8 wt.% Mo-3 wt.% Mn were studied. Double solution annealing was performed at 1223 and 1093 K for 3.6 ks followed by water quenching. After aging at 723 K for 0.9 ks (under aging) and 172.8 ks (over aging), tensile properties of specimens heat treated conventionally and cryogenically were measured. Double aging was done at 623 K for 3.6 ks followed by a step aging at 753, 783 and 803 K. Aging behavior and tensile properties of Fe-10.5 wt.% Ni-5.8 wt.% Mo-3 wt.% Mn were investigated after aging at 773 K. Results showed that alloy modification yields reasonable tensile properties while subzero treatment and double aging couldn't improve tensile properties. An insight toward more investigation of the embrittelement mechanism was made on the basis of this study

  11. Thermodynamic Constraints in Using AuM (M = Fe, Co, Ni, and Mo) Alloys as N₂ Dissociation Catalysts: Functionalizing a Plasmon-Active Metal.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Martirez, John Mark P; Carter, Emily A

    2016-02-23

    The Haber-Bosch process for NH3 synthesis is arguably one of the greatest inventions of the 20th century, with a massive footprint in agriculture and, historically, warfare. Current catalysts for this reaction use Fe for N2 activation, conducted at high temperatures and pressures to improve conversion rate and efficiency. A recent finding shows that plasmonic metal nanoparticles can either generate highly reactive electrons and holes or induce resonant surface excitations through plasmonic decay, which catalyze dissociation and redox reactions under mild conditions. It is therefore appealing to consider AuM (M = Fe, Co, Ni, and Mo) alloys to combine the strongly plasmonic nature of Au and the catalytic nature of M metals toward N2 dissociation, which together might facilitate ammonia production. To this end, through density functional theory, we (i) explore the feasibility of forming these surface alloys, (ii) find a pathway that may stabilize/deactivate surface M substituents during fabrication, and (iii) define a complementary route to reactivate them under operational conditions. Finally, we evaluate their reactivity toward N2, as well as their ability to support a pathway for N2 dissociation with a low thermodynamic barrier. We find that AuFe possesses similar appealing qualities, including relative stability with respect to phase separation, reversibility of Fe oxidation and reduction, and reactivity toward N2. While AuMo achieves the best affinity toward N2, its strong propensity toward oxidation could greatly limit its use.

  12. Effect of Fe substitution at the Ni and Mn sites on the magnetic properties of Ni50Mn35In15 Heusler alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Halder, Madhumita; Suresh, K.G.

    2015-01-01

    The structural and magnetic properties of Ni 48 Fe 2 Mn 35 In 15 and Ni 50 Mn 34 FeIn 15 Heusler alloys have been investigated. At room temperature, Ni 48 Fe 2 Mn 35 In 15 has L2 1 cubic structure, whereas Ni 50 Mn 34 FeIn 15 shows a two-phase structure due to the martensitic transition. In the case of Ni 48 Fe 2 Mn 35 In 15 , there is only one magnetic transition at 316 K with no martensitic transition. However, in Ni 50 Mn 34 FeIn 15 , we observe the martensitic transition at about 280 K. The Curie temperatures for austenite and martensite phases are 314 and 200 K, respectively. The maximum magnetic entropy changes are found to be 5.5 and 4.5 J kg −1 K −1 for Ni 48 Fe 2 Mn 35 In 15 and Ni 50 Mn 34 FeIn 15 , respectively, for 50 kOe. Ni 50 Mn 34 FeIn 15 exhibits exchange bias behavior, with a bias field of 130 Oe at 5 K. Both the alloys satisfy the empirical relation between the martensitic transition and the valence electron concentration (e/a) ratio. - Highlights: • Structural and magnetic properties of Ni 48 Fe 2 Mn 35 In 15 and Ni 50 Mn 34 FeIn 15 Heusler alloys have been investigated. • Ni 48 Fe 2 Mn 35 In 15 does not undergo a martensitic transition, whereas Ni 50 Mn 34 FeIn 15 shows martensitic transition. • Ni 50 Mn 34 FeIn 15 alloy exhibits exchange bias behavior. • Both alloys satisfy the empirical relation between martensitic transition and valence electron concentration (e/a)

  13. Magnetoresistance in ferromagnetic shape memory alloy NiMnFeGa

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liu, Z.H.; Ma, X.Q.; Zhu, Z.Y.; Luo, H.Z.; Liu, G.D.; Chen, J.L.; Wu, G.H.; Zhang Xiaokai; Xiao, John Q.

    2011-01-01

    The magnetoresistance (MR){=[R(H)-R(0)]/R(0)} properties in ferromagnetic shape memory alloy of NiMnFeGa ribbons and single crystals, and NiFeGa ribbons have been investigated. It is found that the NiMnFeGa melt-spun ribbon exhibited GMR effect, arising from the spin-dependent scattering from magnetic inhomogeneities consisting of antiferromagnetically coupled Mn atoms in B2 structure. In the absence of these magnetic inhomogeneities, Heusler alloys seem to show a common linear MR behavior at around 0.8T C , regardless of sample structures. This may be explained by the s-d model. At low temperatures, conventional AMR behaviors due to the spin-orbital coupling are observed. This is most likely due to the diminished MR from s-d model because of much less spin fluctuation, and is not associated with martensite phase. MR anomaly at intermediate field (ρ perpendicular >ρ || ) is also observed in single crystal samples, which may be related to unique features of Heusler alloys. - Highlights: → NiMnFeGa melt-spun ribbon exhibited GMR effect with a large negative MR up to -13%. → GMR behavior is arising from the spin-dependent scattering from magnetic inhomogeneities. → In the absence of these magnetic inhomogeneities, Heusler alloys seem to show a common linear MR behavior at around 0.8T C . → Conventional AMR behaviors due to the spin-orbital coupling are observed in NiMnFeGa single crystal and Ni 2 FeGa ribbon samples at low temperatures.

  14. Magnetic x-ray linear dichroism of ultrathin Fe-Ni alloy films

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Schumann, F.O.; Willis, R.F. [Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States); Goodman, K.W. [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab., CA (United States)] [and others

    1997-04-01

    The authors have studied the magnetic structure of ultrathin Fe-Ni alloy films as a function of Fe concentration by measuring the linear dichroism of the 3p-core levels in angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. The alloy films, grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on Cu(001) surfaces, were fcc and approximately four monolayers thick. The intensity of the Fe dichroism varied with Fe concentration, with larger dichroisms at lower Fe concentrations. The implication of these results to an ultrathin film analogue of the bulk Invar effect in Fe-Ni alloys will be discussed. These measurements were performed at the Spectromicroscopy Facility (Beamline 7.0.1) of the Advanced Light Source.

  15. Thermodynamic analysis of (Ni, Fe)3Al formation by mechanical alloying

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Adabavazeh, Z.; Karimzadeh, F.; Enayati, M.H.

    2012-01-01

    Highlights: ► (Ni, Fe) 3 Al intermetallic compound was synthesized by mechanical alloying. ► We use a thermodynamic analysis to predict the more stable phase. ► We calculate the Gibbs free-energy changes by using extended Miedema model. ► The results of MA compared with thermodynamic analysis and showed a good agreement with it. - Abstract: (Ni, Fe) 3 Al intermetallic compound was synthesized by mechanical alloying (MA) of Ni, Fe and Al elemental powder mixtures of composition Ni 50 Fe 25 Al 25 . Phase transformation and microstructure characteristics of the alloy powders were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that mechanical alloying resulted in a Ni (Al, Fe) solid solution. By continued milling, this structure transformed to the disordered (Ni, Fe) 3 Al intermetallic compound. A thermodynamic model developed on the basis of extended theory of Miedema is used to calculate the Gibbs free-energy changes. Final product of MA is a phase having minimal Gibbs free energy compared with other competing phases in Ni–Fe–Al system. However in Ni–Fe–Al system, the most stable phase at all compositions is intermetallic compound (not amorphous phase or solid solution). The results of MA were compared with thermodynamic analysis and revealed the leading role of thermodynamic on the formation of MA product prediction.

  16. Effect of solute Cu on ductile-to-brittle behavior of martensitic Fe-8% Ni alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Junaidi Syarif; Tsuchiyama, Toshihiro; Takaki, Setsuo

    2007-01-01

    Effect of solute Cu on the ductile-to-brittle (DBT) behaviour of martensitic Fe-8mass%Ni alloy is investigated to understand the effect of solute Cu on mechanical properties of martensitic steel. The DBT behaviours of the Fe-8mass%Ni and the Fe-8mass%Ni-1mass%Cu alloys are almost the same. It is thought to be due to disappearance of the solid solution softening in the martensitic Fe-8mass%Ni-Cu alloys. The solute Cu gives small influence on temperature and strain rate dependences of yield stress and suppressing the twin deformation at lower temperature in the martensitic Fe-8mass%Ni alloy. Therefore, the DBT temperature of the martensitic Fe-8mass%Ni-Cu alloy was not shifted to lower side. (author)

  17. Posterior magnetic effect on the pure and doped Fe-Ni alloy under neutron irradiation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ferreira, Iris

    1974-01-01

    Polycrystalline specimens of unirradiated and neutron irradiated Fe-Ni alloys have been studied in the temperature range RT - 500 deg C. The study was carried out in pure (50-50) as well as in Si, A1, Cr and Mo doped samples. Initial magnetic permeability was measured in unirradiated (virgin)and in neutron irradiated samples, during isochronal and linear thermal treatments. The main results are: a magnetic After Effect (MAE) is detected in the temperature range 370 deg C - Tc, where Tc is the Curie Temperature. In this range an activation energy of 3.2 ± 0.2 eV was determined for the Cr doped Fe-Ni alloy (impurity content: 0.1%); measurements made in the irradiated samples, during a linear temperature treatment, show the existence of several MAE zones in the temperature range RT - Tc. The isochronal annealing experiments show that these MAE zones are accompanied by a decrease in the room temperature value of the magnetic permeability, for zones between RT and a certain temperature T 1 . Above this range there is a steep increase in the room temperature permeability. Activation energies were determined for pure and Mo-doped (0.1%) samples for the first MAE zone (50 deg C - 120 deg C). The values obtained 1.25 - 0.08 eV and 1.42 ± 0.09 eV, respectively; the impurity - doped samples show a different behaviour relative to the pure ones: samples with low impurity content (0.1% and 0.5% of Si, Al or Mo) present an enhancement in the amplitude and also an overlapping of the diffusion stages. On the other hand, samples with higher impurity content (2 and 4% of Mo) show a decrease in these amplitudes. (author)

  18. Structural and magnetic properties of Fe{sub x}Ni{sub 100−x} alloys synthesized using Al as a reducing metal

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Srakaew, N. [Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900 (Thailand); Jantaratana, P., E-mail: fscipsj@ku.ac.th [Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900 (Thailand); Nipakul, P. [Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900 (Thailand); Sirisathitkul, C. [Molecular Technology Research Unit, School of Science, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161 (Thailand)

    2017-08-01

    Highlights: • Reduction by aluminum is a simple and safe route to synthesize iron-nickel alloys. • Alloy compositions with up to 90 at.% Fe can be obtained with minimal oxidation. • Morphology and magnetic properties are varied with the alloy composition. - Abstract: Iron-nickel (Fe-Ni) alloys comprising nine different compositions were rapidly synthesized from the redox reaction using aluminum foils as the reducing metal. Compared with conventional chemical syntheses, this simple approach is relatively safe and allows control over the alloy morphology and magnetic behavior as a function of the alloy composition with minimal oxidation. For alloys having low (10%–30%) Fe content the single face-centered cubic (FCC) FeNi{sub 3} phase was formed with nanorods aligned in the (1 1 1) crystalline direction on the cluster surface. This highly anisotropic morphology gradually disappeared as the Fe content was raised to 40%–70% with the alloy structure possessing a mixture of FCC FeNi{sub 3} and body-centered cubic (BCC) Fe{sub 7}Ni{sub 3}. The FCC phase was entirely replaced by the BCC structure upon further increase the Fe content to 80%–90%. The substitution of Ni by Fe in the crystals and the dominance of the BCC phase over the FCC structure gave rise to enhanced magnetization. By contrast, the coercive field decreased as a function of increasing Fe because of the reduction in shape anisotropy and the rise of saturation magnetization.

  19. Moessbauer spectroscopy on amorphous Fe/sub x/Ni/sub 80-x/B/sub 20/ after neutron irradiation

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sitek, J.; Miglierini, M. (Slovenska Vysoka Skola Technicka, Bratislava (Czechoslovakia))

    1985-05-16

    Amorphous Fe/sub x/Ni/sub 80-x/B/sub 20/ glassy alloys (x = 40, 50, 60, and 70) irradiated with fast neutrons in a fluence range of 10/sup 14/ to 10/sup 19/ cm/sup -2/ were investigated by Moessbauer spectroscopy. There were some significant changes in the Moessbauer spectrum parameters of the 10/sup 19/ cm/sup -2/ irradiated samples except Fe/sub 40/Ni/sub 40/B/sub 20/. This corresponds to a change in the direction of the easy axis of magnetization. The measurements show that the resistance of the Fe-Ni-B system against neutron irradiation improves with increasing Ni content up to a certain point.

  20. Austenitic alloys Fe-Ni-Cr dominating

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gibson, R.C.; Korenko, M.K.

    1980-01-01

    Austenitic alloy essentially comprising 42 to 48% nickel, 11 to 13% chromium, 2.6 to 3.4% niobium, 0.2 to 1.2% silicon, 0.5 to 1.5% vanadium, 2.6 to 3.4% molybdenum, 0.1 to 0.3% aluminium, 0.1 to 0.3% titanium, 0.02 to 0.05% carbon, 0.002 to 0.015% boron, up to 0.06% zirconium, the balance being iron. The characteristic of this alloy is a conventional elasticity limit to within 2% of at least 450 MPa, with a maximum tensile strength of at least 500 MPa at a test temperature of 650 0 C after immersion annealing at 1038 0 C and 30% hardening. To this effect the invention concerns Ni-Cr-Fe high temperature alloys possessing excellent mechanical strength characteristics, that can be obtained with lower levels of nickel and chromium than those used in alloys of this kind in the present state of the technique, a higher amount of niobium than in the previous alloys and with the addition of 0.5 to 1.5% vanadium [fr

  1. The effect of carbon distribution on deformation and cracking of Ni-16Cr-9Fe-C alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hertzberg, J.L.; Was, G.S.

    1995-01-01

    Constant extension rate tensile (CERT) tests and constant load tensile (CLT) tests were conducted on controlled purity Ni-16Cr-9Fe-C alloys. The amount and form of carbon were varied in order to investigate the roles of carbon in solution and as intergranular (IG) carbides in the deformation and IG cracking behavior in 360 C argon and primary water environments. Results show that the strength, ductility and creep resistance of these alloys are increased with carbon present in solid solution, while IG cracking on the fracture surface is suppressed. Alloys containing carbon in the form of IG carbides, however, exhibit reduced strength and ductility relative to carbon in solution, while maintaining high IG cracking resistance with respect to carbon-free alloys. CERT results of commercial alloy 600 and controlled purity, carbon containing alloys yield comparable failure strains and IG cracking amounts. CLT comparisons with creep tests of alloy 600 suggest that alloys containing IG carbides are more susceptible to creep than those containing all carbon in solid solution

  2. Effect of Mo-Fe substitution on glass forming ability, thermal stability, and hardness of Fe-C-B-Mo-Cr-W bulk amorphous alloys

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Khalifa, Hesham E.; Cheney, Justin L. [University of California, San Diego Materials Science and Engineering Program, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0411 (United States); Vecchio, Kenneth S. [University of California, San Diego Department of NanoEngineering, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0411 (United States)], E-mail: kvecchio@ucsd.edu

    2008-08-25

    Amorphous Fe{sub 67-x}C{sub 10}B{sub 9}Mo{sub 7+x}Cr{sub 4}W{sub 3} (x = 1-7 at.%) plates with 640 {mu}m thickness were prepared by copper mold casting. The thermal properties and microstructural development during heat treatments were investigated by a combination of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), differential thermal analysis, and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The glass forming ability (GFA) and activation energy for crystallization have a distinct dependence on Mo content. Fe{sub 62}C{sub 10}B{sub 9}Mo{sub 12}Cr{sub 4}W{sub 3} is the best glass former in this study, demonstrating a supercooled liquid region, {delta}T{sub x} = 51 K, and an activation energy for crystallization, Q = 453 kJ/mol. The GFA of alloys in this system was governed by elastic strain optimization resulting directly from the variation in Mo content. Heat treatments were performed to demonstrate resistance to crystallization under typical processing conditions. Alloys in this system exhibited a three-phase evolution during crystallization. A second set of heat treatments was performed to identify each phase. Hardness data was collected at each of the heat treatment conditions, and a bulk metallic glasses (BMG)-derived composite containing a Mo-rich phase exhibited Vickers Hardness in excess of 2000. The fully amorphous alloys had an average hardness approaching 1500.

  3. Influence of chemical composition in crystallographic texture Fe-Cr-Mo alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Moura, L.B.; Guimaraes, R.F.

    2010-01-01

    The use of steels with higher contents of Mo in the oil industry has been an alternative to reduce the effect of naphthenic corrosion in refining units. The addition of Mo in Fe-Cr alloys in the same manner that increases resistance to corrosion naphthenic causes some difficulties such as difficulty of forming, welding and embrittlement. In this work, experimental ingots of Fe-Cr-Mo alloys (Cr - 9, 15 and 17%, Mo - 5, 7 and 9%) were melted in vacuum induction furnace and hot and cold rolled in a laboratory rolling mill. The influence of chemical composition on crystallographic texture of samples subjected to the same thermo-mechanical treatment was analyzed by x-ray diffraction. The results indicate that fiber (111) becomes more intense with increasing Mo and/or Cr contents. (author)

  4. Nd Fe10 Mo2 alloys production through reduction-diffusion for nitrogenation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Guilherme, Eneida da G.; Rechenberg, Hercilio R.

    1996-01-01

    In this work we have examined the effect of various processing variables on the Nd Fe 10 Mo 2 phase formation by reduction-diffusion calciothermic process (R D C). The best results were obtained for 4 hours treatment at 950 deg C with 40% excess content Nd Cl 3 and 50% excess content of Ca, for alloy Nd Fe 10.5 Mo 1.5 . Preliminary nitrogen absorption experiments have been done, without any further powder size reduction at temperatures between 300 and 350 deg C. (author)

  5. Alloyed Ni-Fe nanoparticles as catalysts for NH3 decomposition

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Simonsen, Søren Bredmose; Chakraborty, Debasish; Chorkendorff, Ib

    2012-01-01

    A rational design approach was used to develop an alloyed Ni-Fe/Al2O3 catalyst for decomposition of ammonia. The dependence of the catalytic activity is tested as a function of the Ni-to-Fe ratio, the type of Ni-Fe alloy phase, the metal loading and the type of oxide support. In the tests with high...... temperatures and a low NH3-to-H2 ratio, the catalytic activity of the best Ni-Fe/Al2O3 catalyst was found to be comparable or even better to that of a more expensive Ru-based catalyst. Small Ni-Fe nanoparticle sizes are crucial for an optimal overall NH3 conversion because of a structural effect favoring...

  6. Microstructure, tensile deformation mode and crevice corrosion resistance in Ti-10Mo-xFe alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Min, X.H.; Emura, S.; Nishimura, T.; Tsuchiya, K.; Tsuzaki, K.

    2010-01-01

    The microstructure, the tensile deformation mode at ambient temperature and the crevice corrosion resistance at a high temperature of 373 K were investigated in the Ti-10Mo-xFe (x = 0, 1, 3, 5) alloys. The stability of the β phase increased, and the formation of the α'' martensite and the athermal ω phase was suppressed by the increase in the Fe content. EPMA examinations indicated that the existence of the α'' martensite in the Ti-10Mo alloy was caused by the solidification segregation of Mo atoms. EBSD observations showed that the deformation mode changed from a {3 3 2} twinning to a slip by an increase in the Fe content, which coincided with the prediction by the electron/atom (e/a) ratio. The Ti-10Mo-3Fe alloy showed the highest yield strength of 935 MPa among all the alloys, while the Ti-10Mo-1Fe alloy showed the lowest value of 563 MPa due to the change in the deformation mode. On the other hand, all the alloys exhibited a high crevice corrosion resistance in a high chloride and high acidic solution at the high temperature, although the corrosion resistance decreased with an increase in the Fe content. The decrease in the corrosion resistance can be explained by the bond order (Bo). A good combination of tensile properties and crevice corrosion resistance may be obtainable through a further optimization of the Fe content by the e/a ratio and the Bo.

  7. Magnetoresistances in Ni80Fe20-ITO granular film

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gao Chunhong; Chen Ke; Yang Yanxia; Xiong Yuanqiang; Chen Peng

    2012-01-01

    Highlights: ► Magnetoresistance (MR) in Ni 80 Fe 20 -ITO granular film are investigated. ► MR is positive at high temperature, and is negative at low temperature. ► MR results from the competition among three mechanisms. - Abstract: The magnetic properties, electrical properties and magnetoresistance are investigated in Ni 80 Fe 20 -ITO granular film with various volume fractions V NF of Ni 80 Fe 20 . The room temperature magnetization hysteresis of sample with V NF = 25% shows superparamagnetic behavior. Current-voltage curve of sample with V NF = 25% at 175 K shows typical tunneling-type behavior. The magnetoresistances of samples with low V NF are positive at high temperature, and are negative at low temperature. The temperature-dependent magnetoresistances result from the competition among ordinary magnetoresistances, the granular-typed tunneling magnetoresistance and the spin-mixing induced magnetoresistances.

  8. Microstructure and Tribological Properties of Mo-40Ni-13Si Multiphase Intermetallic Alloy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Song, Chunyan; Wang, Shuhuan; Gui, Yongliang; Cheng, Zihao; Ni, Guolong

    2016-12-06

    Intermetallic compounds are increasingly being expected to be utilized in tribological environments, but to date their implementation is hindered by insufficient ductility at low and medium temperatures. This paper presents a novel multiphase intermetallic alloy with the chemical composition of Mo-40Ni-13Si (at %). Microstructure characterization reveals that a certain amount of ductile Mo phases formed during the solidification process of a ternary Mo-Ni-Si molten alloy, which is beneficial to the improvement of ductility of intermetallic alloys. Tribological properties of the designed alloy-including wear resistance, friction coefficient, and metallic tribological compatibility-were evaluated under dry sliding wear test conditions at room temperature. Results suggest that the multiphase alloy possesses an excellent tribological property, which is attributed to unique microstructural features and thereby a good combination in hardness and ductility. The corresponding wear mechanism is explained by observing the worn surface, subsurface, and wear debris of the alloy, which was found to be soft abrasive wear.

  9. Fe--12Ni--4Co--2Mo--.05Ti alloy for use at 770K and below

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Whitaker, B.W.

    1975-10-01

    A variant of the maraging class of steels is proposed for application at 77 0 K and below where a combination of very high strength and good toughness is required. The alloy has a composition of Fe-12Ni-4Co-2Mo-0.05Ti where low interstitial content. The as quenched and quenched and aged structures were completely martensitic with a prior austenitic grain size of 10 to 12 μm. This structure had a Y.S. of 138.5 ksi and 154 ksi before and after aging respectively. All aging was done at 444 0 C for 4 hours. The DBTT was shown to lie above 77 0 K as measured by C/sub v/ testing. Based on dilatometric studies of the α → γ and γ → α transformation temperatures a cycling treatment consisting of reportedly heating to above the A/sub f/ temperature followed by a water quench was utilized to further reduce the prior γ grain size to approximately 4 to 6 μm. The structure was completely martensitic and possessed a Y.S. of 151 ksi at 77 0 K in the unaged condition with a Y.S./K/sub IC/ ratio of 1.9 while the aged structure showed a Y.S. of 162 ksi with a Y.S./K/sub IC/ ratio of 1.3. C/sub v/ testing showed the DBTT to lie between 77 0 K and 4.2 0 K. Further grain refinement was accomplished by a 2 phase decomposition procedure which resulted in a grain size of 1 to 2 μm. The structure which contained decreasing amounts of austenite with temperature (3.0 percent at R.T. to 1.0 percent at 4.2 0 K) showed the best combination of strength and ductility at 4.2 0 K. A Y.S. of 205 ksi with a Y.S./K/sub IC/ ratio of 0.84 was achieved before aging. The aged structure was brittle at 4.2 0 K with a Y.S. of 218 ksi and a Y.S./K/sub IC/ ratio of 0.425

  10. Synthesis and structural characterization of amorphous alloys of the Fe-Ni-B type

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cabral P, A.; Jimenez B, J.; Garcia S, I.

    2004-01-01

    It was prepared the alloy FeNiB for chemical reduction, using four p H values (5, 6, 7 and 7.5). To p H=6 partially oxidized particles were obtained, between 16 and 20%. In the synthesis to other p H values, the obtained particles were highly oxidized (65-90%) according to the X-ray diffraction results, in all the preparations the particles were partially crystallized, with crystal size that varied between 4 and 10 nm. The structure of these particles can be consider that they are formed by a nucleus due to the alloy and an oxide armor recovering it. (Author)

  11. Magnetostriction of the polycrystalline Fe80Al20 alloy doped with boron

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bormio-Nunes, Cristina; Teodoro dos Santos, Claudio; Botani de Souza Dias, Mateus; Doerr, Mathias; Granovsky, Sergey; Loewenhaupt, Michael

    2012-01-01

    Highlights: ► Fe 80 Al 20 polycrystalline alloy magnetostriction 40 ppm increased to 80 ppm due to 2% of B doping. ► B stabilizes α-FeAl phase and a coexistence of α-FeAl + Fe 3 Al improves magnetostriction. ► Presence of Fe 2 B phase causes domain rearrangement revealed by the decrease of the volume magnetostriction. - Abstract: The doping of Fe 80 Al 20 polycrystalline alloy with 2% of boron increased the total magnetostriction twofold compared to a sample without boron. A value close to 80 ppm was achieved at 300 K. The microstructures of the boron-doped alloys show a dendritically solidified matrix with interdendritic α-FeAl and/or Fe 3 Al and Fe 2 B eutectic between the grains. The XRD analysis reveals an increase in the volume fraction of α-FeAl and a correspondent decrease of the Fe 3 Al phase volume fraction as the boron content increases. The increase of the volume fraction of this tetragonal Fe 2 B phase in the samples doped with boron causes the decrease of the strong volume magnetostriction that was observed in the alloy without boron. There is some evidence that the improvement of the magnetostriction magnitude due to the addition of boron to the Fe 80 Al 20 alloy could reach the maximal magnetostriction if the 1:1 optimal ratio of the volume fractions of the α-FeAl and Fe 3 Al phases could be reached.

  12. Upgrade Fe-50%Ni alloys for open-loop DC current sensor: Design and alloy-potential characteristics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Waeckerle, Thierry; Fraisse, Herve; Furnemont, Quentin; Bloch, Frederic

    2006-01-01

    This paper deals with the DC current sensor with open loop and high accuracy, and describes the relationship between the latter and the core-material magnetic properties in the case of Fe-50%Ni alloys. It is pointed out that air-gap precision, nonlinearity B-H and hysteresis are the main sources of accuracy; the influences of mechanical stress and temperature on coercive field are quantified and have to be taken into account in the design of the sensor. It is shown by dedicated choice of grades and annealing that Fe-50%Ni alloys may vary their coercive field from 4-6 A/m down to 1.5-4 A/m depending on the final annealing treatment used

  13. Local atomic order in nanocrystalline Fe-based alloys obtained by mechanical alloying

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jartych, E.

    2003-01-01

    Using the 57 Fe Moessbauer spectroscopy, a local atomic order in nanocrystalline alloys of iron with Al, Ni, W and Mo has been determined. Alloys were prepared by mechanical alloying method. Analysis of Moessbauer spectra was performed on the basis of the local environment model in terms of Warren-Cowley parameters. It was shown that impurity atoms are not randomly distributed in the volume of the first and the second co-ordination spheres of 57 Fe nuclei and they form clusters

  14. Kinetic study of the annealing reactions in Cu-Ni-Fe alloys; Estudio cinetico de las reacciones de recocido en aleaciones de Cu-Ni-Fe

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Donoso, E.

    2014-07-01

    The thermal aging of a Cu-45Ni-4Fe, Cu-34Ni-11Fe and Cu-33Ni-22Fe alloys tempered from 1173 K have been studied from Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and microhardness measurements. The analysis of DSC curves, from room temperature to 950 K, shows the presence of one exothermic reaction associated to the formation of FeNi{sub 3} phase nucleating from a modulate structure, and one endothermic peak attributed to dissolution of this phase. Kinetic parameters were obtained using the usual Avrami-Erofeev equation, modified Kissinger method and integrated kinetic functions. Microhardness measurements confirmed the formation and dissolution of the FeNi{sub 3} phase. (Author)

  15. Structure and properties of porous TiNi(Co, Mo)-based alloy produced by the reaction sintering

    Science.gov (United States)

    Artyukhova, Nadezda; Yasenchuk, Yuriy; Chekalkin, Timofey; Gunther, Victor; Kim, Ji-Soon; Kang, Ji-Hoon

    2016-10-01

    Modern medical technologies have developed many new devices that can be implanted into humans to repair, assist or take the place of diseased or defective bones, arteries and even organs. The materials, especially porous ones, used for these devices have evolved steadily over the past twenty years with TiNi-based alloys replacing stainless steels and titanium. The aim of the paper is to presents results for examination of porous TiNi(Co,Mo)-based alloys intended further to be used in clinical practice. The structure and properties of porous TiNi-based alloys obtained by reaction sintering of Ti and Ni powders with additions of Co and Mo have been studied. It has been shown that alloying additions both Co and Mo inhibit the compaction of nickel powders in the initial stage of sintering. The maximum irreversible strain of porous samples under loading in the austenitic state is fixed with the Co addition, and the minimum one is fixed with the Mo addition. The Co addition leads to the fact that the martensite transformation in the TiNi phase becomes close to a one-step, and the Mo addition leads to the fact that the martensite transformation becomes more uniform. Both Co and Mo lead to an increase in the maximum accumulated strain as a result of the formation of temperature martensite. The additional increase in the maximum accumulated strain of the Ti50Ni49Co1 alloy is caused by decreased resistance of the porous Ni γ -based mass during the load.

  16. Microstructural stability of a NiAl-Mo eutectic alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kush, M.T.; Holmes, J.W.; Gibala, R.

    1999-01-01

    The microstructural stability of a directionally-solidified NiAl-9 at.% Mo quasi-binary alloy was investigated under conditions of thermal cycling between the temperatures 973K and 1,473K utilizing time-temperature heating and cooling profiles which approximate potential engine applications. Two different microstructures were examined: a cellular microstructure in which the faceted second-phase Mo rods in the NiAl matrix formed misaligned cell boundaries which separated aligned cells approximately 0.4 mm in width and 5--25 mm in length, and a nearly fault-free fully columnar microstructure well aligned along the [001] direction. Both microstructures resisted coarsening under thermal cycling, but plastic deformation induced by thermal stresses introduced significant specimen shape changes. Surprisingly, the cellular microstructure, for which the cell boundary region apparently acts as a deformation buffer, exhibited better resistance to thermal fatigue than the more fault-free and better aligned columnar microstructure

  17. Posterior magnetic effect on the pure and doped Fe-Ni alloy under neutron irradiation; Efeito magnetico posterior na liga Fe-Ni pura e dopada, sob irradiacao neutronica

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ferreira, Iris

    1974-07-01

    Polycrystalline specimens of unirradiated and neutron irradiated Fe-Ni alloys have been studied in the temperature range RT - 500 deg C. The study was carried out in pure (50-50) as well as in Si, A1, Cr and Mo doped samples. Initial magnetic permeability was measured in unirradiated (virgin)and in neutron irradiated samples, during isochronal and linear thermal treatments. The main results are: a magnetic After Effect (MAE) is detected in the temperature range 370 deg C - Tc, where Tc is the Curie Temperature. In this range an activation energy of 3.2 {+-} 0.2 eV was determined for the Cr doped Fe-Ni alloy (impurity content: 0.1%); measurements made in the irradiated samples, during a linear temperature treatment, show the existence of several MAE zones in the temperature range RT - Tc. The isochronal annealing experiments show that these MAE zones are accompanied by a decrease in the room temperature value of the magnetic permeability, for zones between RT and a certain temperature T{sub 1}. Above this range there is a steep increase in the room temperature permeability. Activation energies were determined for pure and Mo-doped (0.1%) samples for the first MAE zone (50 deg C - 120 deg C). The values obtained 1.25 - 0.08 eV and 1.42 {+-} 0.09 eV, respectively; the impurity - doped samples show a different behaviour relative to the pure ones: samples with low impurity content (0.1% and 0.5% of Si, Al or Mo) present an enhancement in the amplitude and also an overlapping of the diffusion stages. On the other hand, samples with higher impurity content (2 and 4% of Mo) show a decrease in these amplitudes. (author)

  18. Hyperfine interaction and some thermomagnetic properties of amorphous and partially crystallized Fe70−xMxMo5Cr4Nb6B15 (M = Co or Ni, x = 0 or 10 alloys

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rzącki Jakub

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available As revealed by Mössbauer spectroscopy, replacement of 10 at.% of iron in the amorphous Fe70Mo5Cr4Nb6B15 alloy by cobalt or nickel has no effect on the magnetic structure in the vicinity of room temperature, although the Curie point moves from 190 K towards ambient one. In the early stages of crystallization, the paramagnetic crystalline Cr12Fe36Mo10 phase appears before α-Fe or α-FeCo are formed, as is confirmed by X-ray diffractometry and transmission electron microscopy. Creation of the crystalline Cr12Fe36Mo10 phase is accompanied by the amorphous ferromagnetic phase formation at the expense of amorphous paramagnetic one.

  19. Effects of Ni and Mo on the microstructure and some other properties of Co-Cr dental alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Matkovic, Tanja; Matkovic, Prosper; Malina, Jadranka

    2004-01-01

    Influences of adding Ni and Mo on the microstructure and properties of as-cast Co-Cr base alloys have been investigated in order to determine the region of their optimal characteristics for biomedical application. The alloys were produced by arc-melting technique under argon atmosphere. Using optical metallography and scanning electron micro analyser it has been established that among 10 samples of Co-Cr-Ni alloys only samples 5 and 9 with the composition Co 55 Cr 40 Ni 5 and Co 60 Cr 30 Ni 10 have appropriate dendritic solidification microstructure. This microstructure, typical for commercial dental alloys, appears and beside greater number of as-cast Co-Cr-Mo alloys. The results of hardness and corrosion resistance measurements revealed the strong influence of different alloy chemistry and of as-cast microstructure. Hardness of alloys decreases with nickel content, but increases with chromium content. Therefore all Co-Cr-Ni alloys have significantly lower hardness than Co-Cr-Mo alloys. Corrosion resistance of alloys in artificial saliva was evaluated on the base of pitting potential. Superior corrosion characteristics have the samples with typical dendritic microstructure and higher chromium content, until nickel content have not significant effect. According to this, in ternary Co-Cr-Ni phase diagram was located the small concentration region (about samples 5 and 9) in them alloy properties can satisfied the high requirements for biomedical applications. This region is considerably larger in Co-Cr-Mo phase diagram

  20. Minor-alloyed Cu-Ni-Si alloys with high hardness and electric conductivity designed by a cluster formula approach

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dongmei Li

    2017-08-01

    Full Text Available Cu-Ni-Si alloys are widely used due to their good electrical conductivities in combination with high strength and hardness. In the present work, minor-alloying with M = (Cr, Fe, Mo, Zr was conducted for the objective of further improving their hardness while maintaining their conductivity level. A cluster-plus-glue-atom model was introduced to design the compositions of M-alloyed Cu-Ni-Si alloys, in which an ideal composition formula [(Ni,Si,M-Cu12]Cu3 (molar proportion was proposed. To guarantee the complete precipitation of solute elements in fine δ-Ni2Si precipitates, the atomic ratio of (Ni,M/Si was set as 2/1. Thus the designed alloy series of Cu93.75(Ni/Zr3.75Si2.08(Cr/Fe/Mo0.42 (at% were arc-melted into ingots under argon atmosphere, and solid-solutioned at 950 °C for 1 h plus water quenching and then aged at 450 °C for different hours. The experimental results showed that these designed alloys exhibit high hardness (HV > 1.7 GPa and good electrical conductivities (≥ 35% IACS. Specifically, the quinary Cu93.75Ni3.54Si2.08(Cr/Fe0.42Zr0.21 alloys (Cu-3.32Ni-0.93Si-0.37(Cr/Fe−0.30Zr wt% possess both a high hardness with HV = 2.5–2.7 GPa, comparable to the high-strength KLFA85 alloy (Cu-3.2Ni-0.7Si-1.1Zn wt%, HV = 2.548 GPa, and a good electrical conductivity (35–36% IACS.

  1. High-temperature oxidation of advanced FeCrNi alloy in steam environments

    Science.gov (United States)

    Elbakhshwan, Mohamed S.; Gill, Simerjeet K.; Rumaiz, Abdul K.; Bai, Jianming; Ghose, Sanjit; Rebak, Raul B.; Ecker, Lynne E.

    2017-12-01

    Alloys of iron-chromium-nickel are being explored as alternative cladding materials to improve safety margins under severe accident conditions. Our research focuses on non-destructively investigating the oxidation behavior of the FeCrNi alloy "Alloy 33" using synchrotron-based methods. The evolution and structure of oxide layer formed in steam environments were characterized using X-ray diffraction, hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence methods and scanning electron microscopy. Our results demonstrate that a compact and continuous oxide scale was formed consisting of two layers, chromium oxide and spinel phase (FeCr2O4) oxides, wherein the concentration of the FeCr2O4 phase decreased from the surface to the bulk-oxide interface.

  2. L1{sub 0} phase formation in ternary FePdNi alloys

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Montes-Arango, A.M. [Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115 (United States); Bordeaux, N.C. [Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115 (United States); Liu, J.; Barmak, K. [Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 (United States); Lewis, L.H., E-mail: lhlewis@neu.edu [Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115 (United States); Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115 (United States)

    2015-11-05

    Metallurgical routes to highly metastable phases are required to access new materials with new functionalities. To this end, the stability of the tetragonal chemically ordered L1{sub 0} phase in the ternary Fe–Pd–Ni system is quantified to provide enabling information concerning synthesis of L1{sub 0}-type FeNi, a highly attractive yet highly elusive advanced permanent magnet candidate. Fe{sub 50}Pd{sub 50−x}Ni{sub x} (x = 0–7 at%) samples were arc-melted and annealed at 773 K (500 °C) for 100 h to induce formation of the chemically ordered L1{sub 0} phase. Coupled calorimetry, structural and magnetic investigations allow determination of an isothermal section of the ternary Fe–Pd–Ni phase diagram featuring a single phase L1{sub 0} region near the FePd boundary for x < 6 at%. It is demonstrated that increased Ni content in Fe{sub 50}Pd{sub 50−x}Ni{sub x} alloys systematically decreases the order-disorder transition temperature, resulting in a lower thermodynamic driving force for the ordering phase transformation. The Fe{sub 50}Pd{sub 50−x}Ni{sub x} L1{sub 0} → fcc disordering transformation is determined to occur via a two-step process, with compositionally-dependent enthalpies and transition temperatures. These results highlight the need to investigate ternary alloys with higher Ni content to determine the stability range of the L1{sub 0} phase near the FeNi boundary, thereby facilitating kinetic access to the important L1{sub 0} FeNi ferromagnetic phase. - Highlights: • Chemical ordering in FePdNi enhances intrinsic and extrinsic magnetic properties. • 773 K annealed FePdNi alloys studied show a stable L1{sub 0} phase for Ni ≤ 5.2 at%. • Chemical disordering in FePdNi occurs by a previously unreported two-step process. • Ni additions to FePd dramatically decrease the chemical order-disorder temperature. • The chemical-ordering transformation kinetics are greatly affected by Ni content.

  3. Self propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) of the Fe(TiMo)C master alloy using ferroalloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Erauskin, J. I.; Sargyan, A.; Arana, J. L.

    2009-01-01

    Titanium monocarbide TiC is very hard, stable both at high and low temperatures and relatively easy to synthesize from its constituent elements by SHS. Nevertheless, it is difficult to use, as alloying element, in the reinforcement of steels manufactured by liquid metallurgy due to its low wettability by molten steel. To achieve this purpose and due to its better wettability, it is more appropriate to use a master alloy formed by the complex carbide (TiMo)C bonded in Fe. The simplest and most economic way to fabricate such a master alloy Fe(TiMo)C is, again, by SHS, with the added advantage that it can be manufactured using the commercial ferroalloys FeTi and FeMo instead of the individual elements Fe, Ti and Mo. In this work, we describe such a process as well as the characteristics of the master alloy obtained. (Author) 13 refs

  4. Study of the irradiation damages on the magnetic properties of FeNi alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sciani, V.; Lucki, G.

    1979-01-01

    Linear and isothermal annealing were made, before, during and after neutron irradiation in the IEAR-1 reactor, between 400 and 500 0 C in argon atmosphere, for the following samples: 1) FeNi (50-50% at.); 2) FeNiMo (50-50% at + 50 ppm); 3) FeNiCr (49,95-49,95-0,1% at.); 4) FeNiCr (49,75-49,75-0,5% at.). The initial permeability occurred together with the Later Magnetic Effect (LME) which allows the determination of time constants, activation energies and Curie temperatures. The vacancies supersaturation was quantitatively evaluated showing that the LME can be used as an effective method of selecting materials. Some comments are made about sample n 0 4 which showed pronounced anomalies in the initial permeability. (Author) [pt

  5. Effect of irradiation temperature on crystallization of {alpha}-Fe induced by He irradiations in Fe{sub 80}B{sub 20} amorphous alloy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    San-noo, Toshimasa; Toriyama, Tamotsu; Wakabayashi, Hidehiko; Iijima, Hiroshi [Musashi Inst. of Tech., Tokyo (Japan); Hayashi, Nobuyuki; Sakamoto, Isao

    1997-03-01

    Since amorphous alloys are generally highly resistant to irradiation and their critical radiation dose is an order of magnitude higher for Fe-B amorphous alloy than Mo-methods, these alloys are expected to become applicable as for fusion reactor materials. The authors investigated {alpha}-Fe crystallization in an amorphous alloy, Fe{sub 80}B{sub 20} using internal conversion electron Moessbauer spectroscopy. The amount of {alpha}-Fe component was found to increase by raising the He-irradiation dose. The target part was modified to enable He ion radiation at a lower temperature (below 400 K) by cooling with Peltier element. Fe{sub 80}B{sub 20} amorphous alloy was cooled to keep the temperature at 300 K and exposed to 40 keV He ion at 1-3 x 10{sup 8} ions/cm{sup 2}. The amount of {alpha}-Fe crystal in each sample was determined. The crystal formation was not observed for He ion radiation below 2 x 10{sup 18} ions/cm{sup 2}, but that at 3 x 10{sup 8} ions/ cm{sup 2} produced a new phase ({delta} +0.40 mm/sec, {Delta} = 0.89 mm/sec). The decrease in the radiation temperature from 430 to 300 K resulted to extremely repress the production of {alpha}-Fe crystal, suggesting that the crystallization induced by He-radiation cascade is highly depending on the radiation temperature. (M.N.)

  6. Investigation of decomposition of solid solution of Ni-Cr-Fe 77/16/7 over-saturated in carbon during tempering at various temperatures

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Duffaut, Francois

    1966-01-01

    In its first part, this research thesis reports the investigation of the structure of the tempered Ni-Cr-Fe 77/16/7 alloy by using optical and electronic microscopy. The second part addresses the relationship between the structural status of the alloy and its electrochemical behaviour. The third part reports the investigation of the Portevin - Le Chatelier phenomenon in relationship with the decomposition of the solid solution. A last part addresses the investigation of a possible microstructure ordering of the Ni-Cr-Fe 77/16/7 alloy

  7. Nanocrystallization in amorphous Fe40Ni40(Si+B)19Mo1-2 ribbons

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Saiseng, S.; Winotai, P.; Nilpairuch, S.; Limsuwan, P.; Tang, I.M.

    2004-01-01

    Cut Fe 40 Ni 40 (Si+B) 19 Mo 1-2 ribbons were annealed for 2 h at various temperatures between 350 deg. C and 600 deg. C. XRD and Mossbauer effect spectroscopy (ME) measurements were then performed on all of the ribbons. The magnetic properties of several ribbons were measured using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). A differential thermal analysis scan (over the range 20-800 deg. C) of the as-cast ribbon showed two phase transitions; the first at 454 deg. C and the second at 525 deg. C. Both the XRD and ME spectra of the as cast, the 350 deg. C and 400 deg. C annealed ribbons showed that they were amorphous. The ME spectra of the 450 deg. C, 475 deg. C and 500 deg. C annealed ribbons showed that these ribbons contained α-Fe, α-Fe(Si) and t-Fe 2 B nanocrystallites. For the ribbons annealed above 550 deg. C, crystallites of t-Fe 2 B, t-Fe 3 B, t-Fe 5 SiB 2 and FCC-FeNi appeared, with the α-Fe and α-Fe(Si) crystallites disappearing. The sextets of all of the Fe compounds appeared in the ME spectra of the 525 deg. C annealed ribbon. The VSM measurements supported the picture of a two-stage phase transitions; amorphous phase→a nanocrystalline phase (Fe-containing nanocrystallites in an amorphous matrix) at 454 deg. C and then a second transition, the nanocrystalline phase→a disordered alloy containing Fe-B and Fe-Ni crystallites at 525 deg. C

  8. Synthesis and structural characterization of amorphous alloys of the Fe-Ni-B type; Sintesis y caracterizacion estructural de aleaciones amorfas del tipo Fe-Ni-B

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cabral P, A.; Jimenez B, J.; Garcia S, I. [ININ, 52045 Ocoyoacac, Estado de Mexico (Mexico)

    2004-07-01

    It was prepared the alloy FeNiB for chemical reduction, using four p H values (5, 6, 7 and 7.5). To p H=6 partially oxidized particles were obtained, between 16 and 20%. In the synthesis to other p H values, the obtained particles were highly oxidized (65-90%) according to the X-ray diffraction results, in all the preparations the particles were partially crystallized, with crystal size that varied between 4 and 10 nm. The structure of these particles can be consider that they are formed by a nucleus due to the alloy and an oxide armor recovering it. (Author)

  9. Flow behavior and microstructures of powder metallurgical CrFeCoNiMo0.2 high entropy alloy during high temperature deformation

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wang, Jiawen [State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083 (China); Liu, Yong, E-mail: yonliu@csu.edu.cn [State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083 (China); Liu, Bin, E-mail: binliu@csu.edu.cn [State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083 (China); Wang, Yan [School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Central South University, Changsha 410083 (China); Cao, Yuankui; Li, Tianchen; Zhou, Rui [State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083 (China)

    2017-03-24

    Dynamic recrystallization (DRX) refine grains of high entropy alloys (HEAs) and significant improve the mechanical property of HEAs, but the effect of high melting point element molybdenum (Mo) on high temperature deformation behavior has not been fully understood. In the present study, flow behavior and microstructures of powder metallurgical CrFeCoNiMo{sub 0.2} HEA were investigated by hot compression tests performed at temperatures ranging from 700 to 1100 °C with strain rates from 10{sup −3} to 1 s{sup −1}. The Arrhenius constitutive equation with strain-dependent material constants was used for modeling and prediction of flow stress. It was found that at 700 °C, the dynamic recovery is the dominant softening mechanism, whilst with the increase in compression testing temperature, the DRX becomes the dominant mechanism of softening. In the present HEA, the addition of Mo results in the high activation energy (463 kJ mol{sup −1}) and the phase separation during hot deformation. The formation of Mo-rich σ phase particles pins grain boundary migration during DRX, and therefore refines the size of recrystallized grains.

  10. Microemulsion synthesis and magnetic properties of Fe{sub x}Ni{sub (1−x)} alloy nanoparticles

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Beygi, H., E-mail: hossein.beygi@stu-mail.um.ac.ir; Babakhani, A.

    2017-01-01

    This paper investigates synthesis of Fe{sub x}Ni{sub (1−x)} bimetallic nanoparticles by microemulsion method. Through studying the mechanism of nanoparticles formation, it is indicated that synthesis of nanoparticles took placed by simultaneous reduction of metal ions and so nanoparticles structure is homogeneous alloy. Fe{sub x}Ni{sub (1−x)} nanoparticles with different sizes, morphologies and compositions were synthesized by changing the microemulsion parameters such as water/surfactant/oil ratio, presence of co-surfactant and NiCl{sub 2}·6H{sub 2}O to FeCl{sub 2}·4H{sub 2}O molar ratio. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, particle size analysis, X-ray diffraction, atomic absorption and thermogravimetric analyses. The results indicated that, presence of butanol as co-surfactant led to chain-like arrangement of nanoparticles. Also, finer nanoparticles were synthesized by decreasing the amount of oil and water and increasing the amount of CTAB. The results of vibrating sample magnetometer suggested that magnetic properties of Fe{sub x}Ni{sub (1−x)} alloy nanoparticles were affected by composition, size and morphology of the particles. Spherical and chain-like Fe{sub x}Ni{sub (1−x)} alloy nanoparticles were superparamagnetic and ferromagnetic, respectively. Furthermore, higher iron in the composition of nanoparticles increases the magnetic properties. - Highlights: • Fe{sub x}Ni{sub (1−x)} alloy NPs synthesized by simultaneous metal ions reduction in microemulsion. • Finer NPs synthesized at lower amount of oil and water and higher amount of CTAB. • Chain-like Fe{sub x}Ni{sub (1−x)} NPs are ferromagnetic; higher aspect ratio, more magnetization. • Spherical Fe{sub x}Ni({sub 1−x)} NPs with smaller size (7 nm) are superparamagnetic. • Spherical Fe{sub x}Ni{sub (1−x)} nanoparticles with higher x had increased magnetic properties.

  11. Influence of chemical composition in crystallographic texture Fe-Cr-Mo alloys; Influencia da composicao quimica na textura cristalografica de ligas Fe-Cr-Mo

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Moura, L.B.; Guimaraes, R.F. [Instituto Federal de Educacao, Ciencia e Tecnologia do Ceara, Fortaleza, CE (Brazil). Dept. da Industria; Abreu, H.F.G. [Universidade Federal do Ceara (UFC), Fortaleza, CE (Brazil)

    2010-07-01

    The use of steels with higher contents of Mo in the oil industry has been an alternative to reduce the effect of naphthenic corrosion in refining units. The addition of Mo in Fe-Cr alloys in the same manner that increases resistance to corrosion naphthenic causes some difficulties such as difficulty of forming, welding and embrittlement. In this work, experimental ingots of Fe-Cr-Mo alloys (Cr - 9, 15 and 17%, Mo - 5, 7 and 9%) were melted in vacuum induction furnace and hot and cold rolled in a laboratory rolling mill. The influence of chemical composition on crystallographic texture of samples subjected to the same thermo-mechanical treatment was analyzed by x-ray diffraction. The results indicate that fiber (111) becomes more intense with increasing Mo and/or Cr contents. (author)

  12. Phase transformations behavior in a Cu-8.0Ni-1.8Si alloy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lei, Q. [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 (China); Li, Z., E-mail: lizhou6931@163.com [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 (China) and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Materials Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083 (China); Wang, M.P. [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 (China); Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Materials Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083 (China); Zhang, L.; Gong, S. [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 (China); Xiao, Z. [Department of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L693 GH (United Kingdom); Pan, Z.Y. [Hunan Nonferrous Metals Holding Group Co., Ltd., Changsha, 410015 (China)

    2011-02-24

    Research highlights: > High solute concentrations Cu-Ni-Si alloy with super high strength and high conductivity has a good prospect for replacing Cu-Be alloys. At least four different kinds of precipitation products (DO{sub 22} ordered structure, {beta}-Ni{sub 3}Si precipitate, {delta}-Ni{sub 2}Si precipitate and {gamma}-Ni{sub 5}Si{sub 2} precipitate) have been observed in previous investigation. Therefore, the overall phase transformation behavior of Cu-Ni-Si alloy appears to be very complex. And most previous studies on the phase transformation usually investigated the precipitation process at only one temperature or at most a few temperatures, which is far away to establish a time-temperature-transformation (TTT) diagram for Cu-Ni-Si alloy. > The phase transformation behavior of Cu-8.0Ni-1.8Si alloy has been studied systematically at wide temperature range in this paper. The results we have gained are that: after solution treatment, followed by different conditions of isothermal treatment, DO{sub 22} ordering, discontinuous precipitation and continuous precipitation were observed in the alloy; discontinuous precipitates of {beta}-Ni{sub 3}Si phase appeared when the alloy isothermal treated at 550 deg. C for short time, which had not been reported by the previous Cu-Ni-Si system alloy's researchers in their papers; two kinds of precipitates of {beta}-Ni{sub 3}Si and {delta}-Ni{sub 2}Si were determined by the TEM characterization; the orientation relationship between the two kinds of precipitates and Cu-matrix is that: (1 1 0){sub Cu}//(1 1 0){sub {beta}}//(211-bar){sub {delta}}, [112-bar]{sub Cu}//[11-bar 2]{sub {beta}}//[3 2 4]{sub {delta}}; during overaging treatment, Cu-matrix, {beta}-Ni{sub 3}Si, {delta}-Ni{sub 2}Si and {delta}'-Ni{sub 2}Si were distinguished in the samples and the orientation relationship between the precipitates and Cu-matrix can be expressed as that: (0 2 2){sub Cu}//(0 2 2){sub {beta}}//(1 0 0){sub {delta}}, (02-bar 2){sub Cu

  13. Fabrication and Characterization of novel W80Ni10Nb10 alloy produced by mechanical alloying

    Science.gov (United States)

    Saxena, R.; Patra, A.; Karak, S. K.; Pattanaik, A.; Mishra, S. C.

    2016-02-01

    Nanostructured tungsten (W) based alloy with nominal composition of W80Ni10Nb10 (in wt. %) was synthesized by mechanical alloying of elemental powders of tungsten (W), nickel (Ni), niobium (Nb) in a high energy planetary ball-mill for 20 h using chrome steel as grinding media and toluene as process control agent followed by compaction at 500 MPa pressure for 5 mins and sintering at 1500°C for 2 h in Ar atmosphere. The phase evolution and the microstructure of the milled powder and consolidated product were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The crystallite size of W in W80Ni10Nb10 powder was reduced from 100 μm at 0 h to 45.6 nm at 10 h and 34.1 nm at 20 h of milling whereas lattice strain increases to 35% at 20 h of milling. The dislocation density shows sharp increase up to 5 h of milling and the rate of increase drops beyond 5 to 20 h of milling. The lattice parameter of tungsten in W80Ni10Nb10 expanded upto 0.04% at 10 h of milling and contracted upto 0.02% at 20 h of milling. The SEM micrograph revealed the presence of spherical and elongated particles in W80Ni10Nb10 powders at 20 h of milling. The particle size decreases from 100 μm to 2 μm with an increase in the milling time from 0 to 20 hours. The crystallite size of W in milled W80Ni10Nb10 alloy as evident from bright field TEM image was in well agreement with the measured crystallite size from XRD. Structure of W in 20 h milled W80Ni10Nb10 alloy was identified by indexing of selected area diffraction (SAD) pattern. Formation of NbNi intermetallic was evident from XRD pattern and SEM micrograph of sintered alloy. Maximum sinterability of 90.8% was achieved in 20 h milled sintered alloy. Hardness and wear study was also conducted to investigate the mechanical behaviour of the sintered product. Hardness of W80Ni10Nb10 alloy reduces with increasing load whereas wear rate increases with increasing load. The evaluated

  14. Effect of zirconium on grain growth and mechanical properties of a ball-milled nanocrystalline FeNi alloy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kotan, Hasan, E-mail: hkotan@ncsu.edu [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NC State University, 911 Partners Way, Room 3078, Raleigh, NC 27606-7907 (United States); Darling, Kris A. [U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Weapons and Materials Research Directorate, RDRL-WMM-F, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005-5069 (United States); Saber, Mostafa; Koch, Carl C.; Scattergood, Ronald O. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NC State University, 911 Partners Way, Room 3078, Raleigh, NC 27606-7907 (United States)

    2013-02-25

    Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Pure Fe, Fe{sub 92}Ni{sub 8}, and Fe{sub 91}Ni{sub 8}Zr{sub 1} powders were hardened up to 10 GPa by ball milling. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Annealing of Fe and Fe{sub 92}Ni{sub 8} leads to reduced hardness and extensive grain growth. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The addition of Zr to Fe{sub 92}Ni{sub 8} increases its stability and strength by second phases. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The second phases are found to promote the stability of Fe{sub 91}Ni{sub 8}Zr{sub 1} by Zener pinning. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The Zr-containing precipitates contribute to the overall strength of the material. - Abstract: Grain growth of ball-milled pure Fe, Fe{sub 92}Ni{sub 8}, and Fe{sub 91}Ni{sub 8}Zr{sub 1} alloys has been studied using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), focused ion beam (FIB) microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Mechanical properties with respect to compositional changes and annealing temperatures have been investigated using microhardness and shear punch tests. We found the rate of grain growth of the Fe{sub 91}Ni{sub 8}Zr{sub 1} alloy to be much less than that of pure Fe and the Fe{sub 92}Ni{sub 8} alloy at elevated temperatures. The microstructure of the ternary Fe{sub 91}Ni{sub 8}Zr{sub 1} alloy remains nanoscale up to 700 Degree-Sign C where only a few grains grow abnormally whereas annealing of pure iron and the Fe{sub 92}Ni{sub 8} alloy leads to extensive grain growth. The grain growth of the ternary alloy at high annealing temperatures is coupled with precipitation of Fe{sub 2}Zr. A fine dispersion of precipitated second phase is found to promote the microstructural stability at high annealing temperatures and to increase the hardness and ultimate shear strength of ternary Fe{sub 91}Ni{sub 8}Zr{sub 1} alloy drastically when the grain size is above nanoscale.

  15. Formation of Ni(Al, Mo) solid solutions by mechanical alloying and their ordering on heating

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Portnoj, V.K.; Tomilin, I.A.; Blinov, A.M.; Kulik, T.

    2002-01-01

    The Ni(Al, Mo) solid solutions with different crystalline lattice periods (0.3592 and 0.3570 nm correspondingly) are formed in the course of the Ni 70 Al 25 Mo 5 and Ni 75 Al 20 Mo 5 powder mixtures mechanical alloying (MA) (through the mechanical activation in a vibrating mill). After MA the Mo atoms in the Ni 75 Al 20 Mo 5 mixture completely replace the aluminium positions with formation of the Ni 75 (AlMo) 25 (the L1 2 -type) ternary ordered phase, whereby such a distribution remains after heating up to 700 deg C. The Ni(Al, Mo) metastable solution is formed by MA in the Ni 75 Al 20 Mo 5 mixture, which decays with the release of molybdenum and the remained aluminide undergoes ordering by the L1 2 -type [ru

  16. Irradiation effects in Fe-30%Ni alloy during Ar ion implantation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Soukieh, Mohamad; Al-Mohamad, Ali

    1993-12-01

    The use of metallic thin films for studying the processes which take place during ion irradiation has recently increased. For example, ion implantation is widely used to study the structural defects in transition metallic thin films such as (Fe, Ni, Co), because it can simulate the effects occurring in nuclear reactors during neutron irradiation especially the swelling of reactor materials. The swelling of metals and alloys is strongly related to the material structure and to the irradiation conditions. The general feature of formation of structural defects as a function of irradiation dosage and annealing temperature is well known. However, the detailed mechanisms are still not well understood. For example, the swelling of iron alloy with 30-35% nickel is very small in comparison with other Ni concentrations, and there is no clear information on the possibility of phase transitions in fe-Ni alloys during irradiation. The aim of this work is to study the phase-structural changes in Fe-30% Ni implanted by high dose of argon ions. The effect of irradiation with low energy argon ions (40 KeV, and fluences of 10.E15 to 10.E17 ions/cm) on the deposited thin films of Fe-30% Ni alloy was investigated using RBS and TEM techniques. The thicknesses of these films were about 65+-10 nm deposited on ceramic, KBr, and Be fiols substrates. Gas bubble formation and profile distribution of the implanted argon ions were investigated. Formation of an ordered phase Fe 3 Ni during irradiation appears to inhibit gas bubble formations in the film structure. (author). 17 refs., 15 figs., 7 tabs

  17. Análisis mecánico y tribológico de los recubrimientos fe-cr-ni-c y ni-al-mo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    JORGE E. MUÑOZ

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo de investigación se evaluaron dos recubrimientos aplicados por medio de la técnica de rociado térmico por combustión, la aleación: Ni=89%, Al = 5,5%, Mo=5,5% y la aleación Fe=81,8%, Cr=16%, Ni=2%, C=0,2. La preparación superficial de las probetas se realizó usando chorro de arena. Se realizaron pruebas de resistencia al cortante, adherencia, desgaste abrasivo, desgaste por deslizamiento y flexión en cuatro puntos. El recubrimiento Fe-Cr-Ni-C presentó menor pérdida de masa, tanto para desgaste abrasivo como para el desgaste por deslizamiento. La multicapa presentó una mayor porosidad en el recubrimiento Ni-Al- Mo usado como capa base y la capa exterior de Fe-Cr-Ni-C presentó mayor cantidad de partículas no fundidas y óxidos. La falla ocurrida en el ensayo de adherencia para las probetas con recubrimiento multicapa fue de característica adhesiva y cohesiva. El esfuerzo en el que se presenta la fisura por flexión en el recubrimiento multicapa disminuyó con el aumento del espesor

  18. Improved electrochemical performances of binder-free CoMoO4 nanoplate arrays@Ni foam electrode using redox additive electrolyte

    Science.gov (United States)

    Veerasubramani, Ganesh Kumar; Krishnamoorthy, Karthikeyan; Kim, Sang Jae

    2016-02-01

    Herein, we are successfully prepared cobalt molybdate (CoMoO4) grown on nickel foam as a binder free electrode by hydrothermal approach for supercapacitors and improved their electrochemical performances using potassium ferricyanide (K3Fe(CN)6) as redox additive. The formation of CoMoO4 on Ni foam with high crystallinity is confirmed using XRD, Raman, and XPS measurements. The nanoplate arrays (NPAs) of CoMoO4 are uniformly grown on Ni foam which is confirmed by FE-SEM analysis. The prepared binder-free CoMoO4 NPAs achieved maximum areal capacity of 227 μAh cm-2 with KOH electrolyte at 2.5 mA cm-2. This achieved areal capacity is further improved about three times using the addition of K3Fe(CN)6 as redox additive. The increased electrochemical performances of CoMoO4 NPAs on Ni foam electrode via redox additive are discussed in detail and the mechanism has been explored. Moreover, the assembled CoMoO4 NPAs on Ni foam//activated carbon asymmetric supercapacitor device with an extended operating voltage window of 1.5 V exhibits an excellent performances such as high energy density and cyclic stability. The overall performances of binder-free CoMoO4 NPAs on Ni foam with redox additives suggesting their potential use as positive electrode material for high performance supercapacitors.

  19. Quantitative evaluation of safety use limit for crevice corrosion in Ni-Cr-Mo alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fukaya, Yuichi; Akashi, Masatsune; Sasaki, Hidetsugu; Tsujikawa, Shigeo

    2007-01-01

    The most important problem with corrosion-resistant alloys such as stainless steels is localized corrosion. Crevice corrosion, which is a typical localized corrosion, occurs under the mildest environmental conditions. Consequently, whether crevice corrosion occurs or not is an important issue in structural material selection. This study investigated highly corrosion-resistant Ni-Cr-Mo alloys whose resistance for crevice corrosion is difficult to evaluate with the JIS G 0592 standard for common strainless steels. The optimized procedures for determining the critical potential and temperature for crevice corrosion of the alloys were developed based on the JIS method. The limits of safety usage of various Ni-Cr-Mo alloys were evaluated quantitatively in chloride solution environments. (author)

  20. Microstructure and Wear Behavior of FeCoCrNiMo0.2 High Entropy Coatings Prepared by Air Plasma Spray and the High Velocity Oxy-Fuel Spray Processes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tianchen Li

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available In the present research, the spherical FeCoCrNiMo0.2 high entropy alloy (HEA powders with a single FCC solid solution structure were prepared by gas atomization. Subsequently, the FeCoCrNiMo0.2 coatings with a different content of oxide inclusions were prepared by air plasma spraying (APS and high-velocity oxy-fuel spraying (HVOF, respectively. The microstructure, phase composition, mechanical properties, and tribological behaviors of these HEA coatings were investigated. The results showed that both HEA coatings showed a typical lamellar structure with low porosity. Besides the primary FCC phase, a mixture of Fe2O3, Fe3O4, and AB2O4 (A = Fe, Co, Ni, and B = Fe, Cr was identified as the oxide inclusions. The oxide content of the APS coating and HVOF coating was calculated to be 47.0% and 12.7%, respectively. The wear resistance of the APS coating was approximately one order of magnitude higher than that of the HVOF coating. It was mainly attributed to the self-lubricated effect caused by the oxide films. The mass loss of the APS coating was mainly ascribed to the breakaway of the oxide film, while the main wear mechanism of the HVOF coating was the abrasive wear.

  1. Short-range order of amorphous FeNiB alloy after neutron irradiation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Miglierini, M.; Sitek, J.; Baluch, S.; Cirak, J.; Lipka, J.

    1990-01-01

    Transmission Moessbauer spectroscopy was used to study irradiation-induced changes in the short-range order of an amorphous Fe 80-x Ni x B 20 alloy. Neutron irradiation led to an increase of the width of a hyperfine field distribution implying atomic rearrangement towards disordering. Changes in a mean value of a HFD and Moessbauer line areas can be associated with a reorientation of spins due to radiation damage. (orig.)

  2. Monte Carlo simulation of ordering transformations in Ni-Mo-based alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kulkarni, U.D.

    2004-01-01

    The quenched in state of short range order (SRO) in binary Ni-Mo alloys is characterized by intensity maxima at {1 (1/2) 0} and equivalent positions in the reciprocal space. Ternary addition of a small amount of Al to the binary alloy, on the other hand, leads to a state of SRO that gives rise to intensity maxima at {1 0 0} and equivalent, in addition to {1 (1/2) 0} and equivalent, positions in the selected area electron diffraction patterns. Different geometric patterns of streaks of diffuse intensity, joining the SRO maxima with the superlattice positions of the emerging long range ordered (LRO) structures or in some cases between the superlattice positions of different LRO structures, are observed during the SRO-to-LRO transitions in the Ni-Mo-based and other 1 (1/2) 0 alloys. Monte Carlo simulations have been carried out here in order to shed some light on the atomic structures of the SRO and the SRO-to-LRO transition states in these alloys

  3. Magnetocaloric effect in Heusler alloys Ni50Mn34In16 and Ni50Mn34Sn16

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sharma, V. K.; Chattopadhyay, M. K.; Kumar, Ravi; Ganguli, Tapas; Tiwari, Pragya; Roy, S. B.

    2007-12-01

    We present results of detailed ac susceptibility, magnetization and specific heat measurements in Heusler alloys Ni50Mn34In16 and Ni50Mn34Sn16. These alloys undergo a paramagnetic to ferromagnetic transition around 305 K, which is followed by a martensitic transition in the temperature regime around 220 K. Inside the martensite phase both the alloys show signatures of field-induced transition from martensite to austenite phase. Both field- and temperature-induced martensite-austenite transitions are relatively sharp in Ni50Mn34In16. We estimate the isothermal magnetic entropy change and adiabatic temperature change across the various phase transitions in these alloys and investigate the possible influence of these transitions on the estimated magnetocaloric effect. The sharp martensitic transition in Ni50Mn34In16 gives rise to a comparatively large inverse magnetocaloric effect across this transition. On the other hand the magnitudes of the conventional magnetocaloric effect associated with the paramagnetic to ferromagnetic transition are quite comparable in these alloys.

  4. Reduction under hydrogen of ferrite MFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} (M: Fe, Co, Ni) nanoparticles obtained by hydrolysis in polyol medium: A novel route to elaborate CoFe{sub 2}, Fe and Ni{sub 3}Fe nanoparticles

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ballot, N.; Schoenstein, F.; Mercone, S.; Chauveau, T.; Brinza, O. [Laboratoire des Sciences des Procedes et des Materiaux, CNRS, LSPM - UPR 3407, Universite Paris 13, PRES Sorbonne-Paris-Cite, 99 Avenue J.-B. Clement, 93430 Villetaneuse (France); Jouini, N., E-mail: jouini@univ-paris13.fr [Laboratoire des Sciences des Procedes et des Materiaux, CNRS, LSPM - UPR 3407, Universite Paris 13, PRES Sorbonne-Paris-Cite, 99 Avenue J.-B. Clement, 93430 Villetaneuse (France)

    2012-09-25

    Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Spinels nano-particles MFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} (M: Co, Fe or Ni) are obtained by hydrolysis in polyol medium. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Gentle reduction under hydrogen flow of spinel nano-particles yields metal and alloy nanoparticles. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer TEM and X-ray analysis show that CoFe{sub 2}, Fe and Ni{sub 3}Fe nano-particles are monocrystalline particles with size less than 160 nm. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Iron with size of 150 nm presents ferromagnetic behavior. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer CoFe{sub 2} alloy with size of 55 nm could be considered as a superparamagnetic material. - Abstract: A novel method to process metal and various alloy particles of nanometric size is described. The first step consists in the elaboration of MFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} (M: Fe, Ni or Co) spinel nanoparticles in polyol medium via hydrolysis and the second one in gently reducing these latter under hydrogen at 300 Degree-Sign C. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that pure Fe and CoFe{sub 2} alloy are well obtained by reducing Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} and CoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}, respectively. This is not the case when we try to reduce NiFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}. A mixture of Fe and Ni{sub 3}Fe is observed. TEM analysis reveals that the size of metal particles stays within the range of a few tenths of nm up to 150 nm, while the precursors (MFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}) never exceed 5 nm. Our results show that the formation of metal particles occurs via two main steps: (i) reduction of the spinel oxide nanoparticles into metal ones and (ii) aggregation of the latter, leading to larger metal nanoparticles. Magnetic measurements indicate that the as-obtained metallic materials have good magnetic properties mainly affected by the sizes of the nanoparticles and the purity of the reduced phases.

  5. Evaluation of ferritic alloy Fe-2 1/4Cr-1Mo after neutron irradiation: Microstructural development

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gelles, D.S.

    1986-10-01

    As part of a program to provide a data base on the bainitic alloy Fe-2-1/4-1Mo for fusion energy applications, microstructural examinations are reported for nine specimen conditions for 2-1/4Cr-1Mo steel which had been irradiated by fast neutrons over the temperature range 390 to 510 0 C. Void swelling is found following irradiation at 400 0 C to 480 0 C. Concurrently dislocation structure and precipitation developed. Peak void swelling, void density, dislocation density and precipitate number density formed at the lowest temperature, approximately 400 0 C, whereas mean void size, and mean precipitate size increased with increasing irradiation temperature. The examination results are used to provide interpretation of in-reactor creep, density change and post irradiation tensile behavior

  6. Shape of growing crystals of primary phases in autectic alloys of Fe - Fe2B and Ni - Ni3B systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tavadze, F.N.; Garibashvili, V.I.; Nakaidze, Sh.G.

    1983-01-01

    Shapes of Fe 2 B and Ni 3 B crystal growth in eutectic Fe-B and Ni-B system alloys are considered. Iron hemiboride primary crystals take the form of a plane-face phase boundary and inherit a tetragonal prismatic lattice. After the crystal attains the critical size the dendritic branching occurs resulting in formation of a typical sceleton dendrite. Comparison of data obtained with entropy of melting for Fe 2 B and Ni 3 B borides shows that FeB crystals during the growth should take the spherical form. It is stated that the shape of growing crystals in Fe-Fe 2 B and Ni-Ni 2 B eutectic colonies is determined by the shape of borides

  7. STUDY OF COATINGS OBTAINED FROM ALLOY Fe-Mn-C-B-Si-Ni-Cr

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mychajło Paszeczko

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available Tribological behaviour of coatings obtained from eutectic alloy Fe-Mn-C-B-Si-Ni-Cr was studied. The coatings were obtained by the method of gas metal arc welding (GMA with use of powder wire. GMA welding method is widely used for the regeneration of machine parts. Eutectic Fe-Mn-C-B-Si-Ni-Cr alloys can be used to obtain high quality coatings resistant to wear and corrosion. Pin-on-disk dry sliding wear tests at sliding speeds 0.4 m/s and under load 10 MPa were conducted for pin specimens. During friction a typical tribological behavior was observed. The mechanism of wear was mechanical-chemical.

  8. Effect of the leaching of Ru-Se-Fe and Ru-Mo-Fe obtained by mechanical alloying on electrocatalytical behavior for the oxygen reduction reaction

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ezeta, A.; Arce, E.M.; Solorza, O.; Gonzalez, R.G.; Dorantes, H.

    2009-01-01

    In the present work, Ru-Se-Fe and Ru-Mo-Fe alloyed nanoparticles were synthesized from high purity powders (Ru, Se and Mo) by means of the high-energy mechanical alloying. Fe was integrated to the alloys because of the erosion of the mill balls. The ORR electrocatalytic performance of the alloys (lixiviated or not) was evaluated in a rotating disc electrode (RDE) at room temperature. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used for the structure characterization of the materials. Small-particle clusters with granular morphology and nanometric sizes were obtained in all the cases. According to the Tafel parameters from the RDE results, a first order ORR is present in both electrocatalytic systems through a 4e - global multielectron transference to form water: O 2 + 4H + + e - → H 2 O. The electrocatalytic activity showed that the mechanical alloying enabled to obtain nanoparticle electrocatalysts with good ORR performance. Lixiviation of the mechanical alloying powders not improves the catalytical responses.

  9. Resistencia a la corrosión a alta temperatura de recubrimientos NiCrAlY y NiCrFeNbMoTiAl depositados por APS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Luis Tristancho-Reyes

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available La corrosión a alta temperatura de las tuberías utilizadas en equipos generadores de vapor (calderas ha sido reconocida como un grave problema que trae consigo el adelgazamiento de éstas y, por consiguiente, la falla de los equipos. En la última década se han incrementado las investigaciones que involucran recubrimientos protectores que ayudan de alguna manera a prolongar la vida útil de estos equipos. Esta investigación determinó el comportamiento de los recubrimientos NiCrAlY y NiCrFeNbMoTiAl depositados por proyección térmica asistida por plasma (APS sobre la aleación SA213 – T22 (2¼Cr – 1Mo, en un ambiente corrosivo de 80%V2O5–20%K2SO4 a 800°C. Los valores de la cinética de corrosión fueron determinados mediante resistencia a la polarización lineal (RPL y espectroscopia de impedancia electroquímica (EIE. Los resultados obtenidos muestran una menor cinética de corrosión en el recubrimiento NiCrFeNbMoTiAl que la presentada por el recubrimiento NiCrAlY, corroborado por Microscopia Electrónica de Barrido (MEB.

  10. Diffusion of 51Cr along high-diffusivity paths in Ni-Fe alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cermak, J.

    1990-01-01

    Penetration profiles of 51 Cr in polycrystalline alloys Ni-xFe (x = 0, 20, 40, and 60 wt.% Fe) after diffusion anneals at temperatures between 693 and 1473 K are studied. Sectioning of diffusion zones of samples annealed above 858 K is carried out by grinding, at lower temperatures by DC glow discharge sputtering. The concentration of 51 Cr in depth x is assumed to be proportional to relative radioactivity of individual sections. With help of volume and pipe self-diffusion data taken from literature, the temperature dependence of product P = δD g (δ and D g are grain boundary width and grain boundary diffusion coefficient, respectively) is obtained: P = (2.68 - 0.88 +1.3 ) x 10 -11 exp [-(221.3 ± 3.0) kJ/mol/RT]m 3 /s. This result agrees well with the previous measurements of 51 Cr diffusivity in Fe-18 Cr-12 Ni and Fe-21 Cr-31 Ni. It indicates that the mean chemical composition of Fe-Cr-Ni ternary alloys is not a dominant factor affecting the grain boundary diffusivity of Cr in these alloys. (author)

  11. Effects of Microalloying on the Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Directionally Solidified Ni-33(at.%)Al-31Cr-3Mo Eutectic Alloys Investigated

    Science.gov (United States)

    Whittenberger, J. Daniel; Raj, Sai V.; Locci, Ivan E.; Salem, Jonathan A.

    2002-01-01

    Despite nickel aluminide (NiAl) alloys' attractive combination of oxidation and thermophysical properties, their development as replacements for superalloy airfoils in gas turbine engines has been largely limited by difficulties in developing alloys with an optimum combination of elevated-temperature creep resistance and room-temperature fracture toughness. Alternatively, research has focused on developing directionally solidified NiAl-based in situ eutectic composites composed of NiAl and (Cr,Mo) phases in order to obtain a desirable combination of properties a systematic investigation was undertaken at the NASA Glenn Research Center to examine the effects of small additions of 11 alloying elements (Co, Cu, Fe, Hf, Mn, Nb, Re, Si, Ta, Ti, and Zr) in amounts varying from 0.25 to 1.0 at.% on the elevated-temperature strength and room-temperature fracture toughness of directionally solidified Ni-33Al-31Cr-3Mo eutectic alloy. The alloys were grown at 12.7 mm/hr, where the unalloyed eutectic base alloy exhibited a planar eutectic microstructure. The different microstructures that formed because of these fifth-element additions are included in the table. The additions of these elements even in small amounts resulted in the formation of cellular microstructures, and in some cases, dendrites and third phases were observed. Most of these elemental additions did not improve either the elevated-temperature strength or the room-temperature fracture toughness over that of the base alloy. However, small improvements in the compression strength were observed between 1200 and 1400 K when 0.5 at.% Hf and 0.25 at.% Ti were added to the base alloy. The results of this study suggest that the microalloying of Ni-33Al-31Cr-3Mo will not significantly improve either its elevatedtemperature strength or its room-temperature fracture toughness. Thus, any improvements in these properties must be acquired by changing the processing conditions.

  12. Structural Investigation of Fe-Ni-S and Fe-Ni-Si Melts by High-temperature Fluorescence XAFS Measurements

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Manghnani, Murli H.; Balogh, John; Hong Xinguo; Newville, Matthew; Amulele, G.

    2007-01-01

    Iron-nickel (Fe-Ni) alloy is regarded as the most abundant constituent of Earth's core, with an amount of 5.5 wt% Ni in the core based on geochemical and cosmochemical models. The structural role of nickel in liquid Fe-Ni alloys with light elements such as S or Si is poorly understood, largely because of the experimental difficulties of high-temperature melts. Recently, we have succeeded in acquiring Ni K-edge fluorescence x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectra of Fe-Ni-S and Fe-Ni-Si melts and alloys. Different structural environment of Ni atoms in Fe-Ni-S and Fe-Ni-Si melts is observed, supporting the effect of light elements in Fe-Ni melts

  13. Nickel recovery from electronic waste II Electrodeposition of Ni and Ni–Fe alloys from diluted sulfate solutions

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Robotin, B. [Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 11 Arany Janos Street, RO-400028 Cluj-Napoca (Romania); Ispas, A. [Fachgebiet Elektrochemie und Galvanotechnik II, Technische Universität Ilmenau, D-98693 Ilmenau (Germany); Coman, V. [Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 11 Arany Janos Street, RO-400028 Cluj-Napoca (Romania); Bund, A. [Fachgebiet Elektrochemie und Galvanotechnik II, Technische Universität Ilmenau, D-98693 Ilmenau (Germany); Ilea, P., E-mail: pilea@chem.ubbcluj.ro [Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 11 Arany Janos Street, RO-400028 Cluj-Napoca (Romania)

    2013-11-15

    Highlights: • Ni can be recovered from EG wastes as pure Ni or as Ni–Fe alloys. • The control of the experimental conditions gives a certain alloy composition. • Unusual deposits morphology shows different nucleation mechanisms for Ni vs Fe. • The nucleation mechanism was progressive for Ni and instantaneous for Fe and Ni–Fe. - Abstract: This study focuses on the electrodeposition of Ni and Ni–Fe alloys from synthetic solutions similar to those obtained by the dissolution of electron gun (an electrical component of cathode ray tubes) waste. The influence of various parameters (pH, electrolyte composition, Ni{sup 2+}/Fe{sup 2+} ratio, current density) on the electrodeposition process was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRFA) were used to provide information about the obtained deposits’ thickness, morphology, and elemental composition. By controlling the experimental parameters, the composition of the Ni–Fe alloys can be tailored towards specific applications. Complementarily, the differences in the nucleation mechanisms for Ni, Fe and Ni–Fe deposition from sulfate solutions have been evaluated and discussed using cyclic voltammetry and potential step chronoamperometry. The obtained results suggest a progressive nucleation mechanism for Ni, while for Fe and Ni–Fe, the obtained data points are best fitted to an instantaneous nucleation model.

  14. Alloying behavior, microstructure and mechanical properties in a FeNiCrCo0.3Al0.7 high entropy alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chen, Weiping; Fu, Zhiqiang; Fang, Sicong; Xiao, Huaqiang; Zhu, Dezhi

    2013-01-01

    Highlights: • FeNiCrCo 0.3 Al 0.7 high entropy alloy is prepared via MA and SPS. • Two BCC phases and one FCC phase were obtained after SPS. • The two BCC phases are enriched in Fe–Cr (A2 structure) and enriched in Ni–Al (B2 structure). • Bulk FeNiCrCo 0.3 Al 0.7 HEA exhibits excellent mechanical properties. - Abstract: The present paper reports the synthesis of FeNiCrCo 0.3 Al 0.7 high entropy alloy (HEA) by mechanical alloying (MA) and spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. Alloying behavior, microstructure, mechanical properties and detailed phases of the alloy were investigated systematically. During MA, the formation of a supersaturated solid solution with body-centered cubic (BCC) structure occurred. However, partial BCC structure phase transformed into a face-center cubic (FCC) structure phase during SPS. Two BCC phases with nearly the same lattice parameter of 3.01 Å and one FCC phase with the lattice parameter of 3.72 Å were characterized in the transmission electron microscope (TEM) images. The two BCC phases which are evidently deviated from the definition of high entropy alloys (HEAs) are enriched in Fe–Cr and enriched in Ni–Al, respectively. Moreover, the FCC phase agrees well with the definition of HEAs. Bulk FeNiCrCo 0.3 Al 0.7 alloy with little porosity exhibits much better mechanical properties except compression ratio compared with other typical HEAs of FeNiCrCoAl HEA system. The yield strength, compressive strength, compression ratio and Vickers hardness of FeNiCrCo 0.3 Al 0.7 alloy are 2033 ± 41 MPa, 2635 ± 55 MPa, 8.12 ± 0.51% and 624 ± 26H v , respectively. The fracture mechanism of bulk FeNiCrCo 0.3 Al 0.7 alloy is dominated by intercrystalline fracture and quasi-cleavage fracture

  15. Optimizing Heat Treatment Process of Fe-13Cr-3Mo-3Ni Martensitic Stainless of Steel

    Science.gov (United States)

    Anwar, M. S.; Prifiharni, S.; Mabruri, E.

    2017-05-01

    The Fe-13Cr-3Mo-3Ni stainless steels are modified into martensitic stainless steels for steam turbine blades application. The working temperature of steam turbine was around 600 - 700 °C. The improvement properties of turbine blade material is necessary to maintain steam turbine work. The previous research revealed that it has corrosion resistance of Fe-13Cr-3Mo-3Ni which is better than 13Cr stainless steels in the chloride environment. In this work, the effect of heat treatment on microstructure and hardness of Fe-13Cr-3Mo-3Ni stainless steels has been studied. The steel was prepared by induction melting followed by hot forging. The steels were austenitized at 1000, 1050, and 1100 °C for 1 hour and were tempered at 600, 650, and 700 °C for 1 hour. The steels were then subjected to metallographic observation and hardness test of Rockwell C. The optimal heat treatment of Fe-13Cr-3Mo-3Ni was carried out austenitized in 1050 °C and tempered in 600 - 700 °C.

  16. Formation and crystallization kinetics of Nd-Fe-B-based bulk amorphous alloy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wu, Qiong; Ge, Hongliang; Zhang, Pengyue; Li, Dongyun; Wang, Zisheng [China Jiliang University, Magnetism Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou (China)

    2014-06-15

    In order to improve the glass-forming ability (GFA) of Nd-Fe-B ternary alloys to obtain fully amorphous bulk Nd-Fe-B-based alloy, the effects of Mo and Y doping on GFA of the alloys were investigated. It was found that the substitution of Mo for Fe and Y for Nd enhanced the GFA of the Nd-Y-Fe-Mo-B alloys. It was also revealed that the GFA of the samples was optimized by 4 at.% Mo doping and increased with theYcontent. The fully amorphous structures were all formed in the Nd{sub 6-x}Y{sub x}Fe{sub 68}Mo{sub 4}B{sub 22} (x =1-5) alloy rods with 1.5 mm-diameter. After subsequent crystallization, the devitrified Nd{sub 3}Y{sub 3}Fe{sub 68}Mo{sub 4}B{sub 22} alloy rod exhibited a uniform distribution of grains with a coercivity of 364.1 kA/m. The crystallization behavior of Nd{sub 3}Y{sub 3}Fe{sub 68}Mo{sub 4}B{sub 22} BMG was investigated in isothermal situation. The Avrami exponent n determined by JAM plot is lower than 2.5, implying that the crystallization is mainly governed by a growth of particles with decreasing nucleation rate. (orig.)

  17. The Effect of Milling Time on the Microstructural Characteristics and Strengthening Mechanisms of NiMo-SiC Alloys Prepared via Powder Metallurgy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yang, Chao; Muránsky, Ondrej; Zhu, Hanliang; Thorogood, Gordon J.; Avdeev, Maxim; Huang, Hefei; Zhou, Xingtai

    2017-01-01

    A new generation of alloys, which rely on a combination of various strengthening mechanisms, has been developed for application in molten salt nuclear reactors. In the current study, a battery of dispersion and precipitation-strengthened (DPS) NiMo-based alloys containing varying amounts of SiC (0.5–2.5 wt %) were prepared from Ni-Mo-SiC powder mixture via a mechanical alloying (MA) route followed by spark plasma sintering (SPS) and rapid cooling. Neutron Powder Diffraction (NPD), Electron Back Scattering Diffraction (EBSD), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) were employed in the characterization of the microstructural properties of these in-house prepared NiMo-SiC DPS alloys. The study showed that uniformly-dispersed SiC particles provide dispersion strengthening, the precipitation of nano-scale Ni3Si particles provides precipitation strengthening, and the solid-solution of Mo in the Ni matrix provides solid-solution strengthening. It was further shown that the milling time has significant effects on the microstructural characteristics of these alloys. Increased milling time seems to limit the grain growth of the NiMo matrix by producing well-dispersed Mo2C particles during sintering. The amount of grain boundaries greatly increases the Hall–Petch strengthening, resulting in significantly higher strength in the case of 48-h-milled NiMo-SiC DPS alloys compared with the 8-h-milled alloys. However, it was also shown that the total elongation is considerably reduced in the 48-h-milled NiMo-SiC DPS alloy due to high porosity. The porosity is a result of cold welding of the powder mixture during the extended milling process. PMID:28772747

  18. The Effect of Milling Time on the Microstructural Characteristics and Strengthening Mechanisms of NiMo-SiC Alloys Prepared via Powder Metallurgy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Chao Yang

    2017-04-01

    Full Text Available A new generation of alloys, which rely on a combination of various strengthening mechanisms, has been developed for application in molten salt nuclear reactors. In the current study, a battery of dispersion and precipitation-strengthened (DPS NiMo-based alloys containing varying amounts of SiC (0.5–2.5 wt % were prepared from Ni-Mo-SiC powder mixture via a mechanical alloying (MA route followed by spark plasma sintering (SPS and rapid cooling. Neutron Powder Diffraction (NPD, Electron Back Scattering Diffraction (EBSD, and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM were employed in the characterization of the microstructural properties of these in-house prepared NiMo-SiC DPS alloys. The study showed that uniformly-dispersed SiC particles provide dispersion strengthening, the precipitation of nano-scale Ni3Si particles provides precipitation strengthening, and the solid-solution of Mo in the Ni matrix provides solid-solution strengthening. It was further shown that the milling time has significant effects on the microstructural characteristics of these alloys. Increased milling time seems to limit the grain growth of the NiMo matrix by producing well-dispersed Mo2C particles during sintering. The amount of grain boundaries greatly increases the Hall–Petch strengthening, resulting in significantly higher strength in the case of 48-h-milled NiMo-SiC DPS alloys compared with the 8-h-milled alloys. However, it was also shown that the total elongation is considerably reduced in the 48-h-milled NiMo-SiC DPS alloy due to high porosity. The porosity is a result of cold welding of the powder mixture during the extended milling process.

  19. Creation of submicrocrystalline structure and enhancing of functional properties of Ti-Ni-Fe alloys with the shape-memory effect using equichannel-angular pressing (ECAP)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Prokoshkin, S.D.; Belousov, M.N.; Abramov, V.Ya.

    2007-01-01

    Methods of X-ray diffraction analysis, transmission electron microscopy, mechanical and thermomechanical tests are used to study structure, mechanical and service properties of Ti-Ni-Fe system shape memory alloys (Ti-47.6 % Ni-2.4 % Fe; Ti-47 % Ni-3 % Fe; Ti-46.6 % Ni-3.4 % Fe). The alloys are subjected to hardening, high temperature thermomechanical treatment (HTMT) and equal-channel angular pressing (EChAP). Thermomechanical connecting pieces of given alloys are tested for carrying capacity and low temperature stability. It is established that the use of EChAP and post-deformation annealing at pressing temperature provides more high properties of the alloys in comparison with hardening and HTMT [ru

  20. Influence of neutron irradiation on the magnetic properties of the Fe Ni pure alloy and with impurities of Si and Mo

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lucki, George

    1971-01-01

    Hysteresis loop, Initial permeability and Curie Temperature measurements were conducted on several pure and polluted (with Si and Mo) Fe Ni 50-50% at. alloys. Isochronal annealings were performed between 25 deg 65 deg C, on each composition in three different ways: quenched (anisotropic) samples; quenched and irradiated samples; quenched irradiated samples annealed with saturating magnetic field. The experiment showed a sharp decrease in all parameters of the polluted alloys. Fast neutron irradiation results indicated that the magnetic properties are affected by the defects created during irradiation. The effect of thermal treatment, magnetic annealing and irradiation is greatest in anisotropic alloys. It is considered that magnetic annealing introduces a uniaxial anisotropy that tends to increase the remanence and hence the squareness of the hysteresis loop; but an increase in both remanence and coercivity was measured even in absence of the magnetic field. Magnetic after effect has been detected and a simple model for the diffusion of defects is presented. Many models have been proposed to explain the resultant properties, the most feasible being that based upon short-range ordering, proposed by Neel and Taniguchi, together with the interesting hypothesis of Heidenreich and Nesbitt. (author)

  1. Phase formation in the Li2MoO4–Rb2MoO4Fe2(MoO4)3 system and crystal structure of a novel triple molybdate LiRb2Fe(MoO4)3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Khal'baeva, Klara M.; Solodovnikov, Sergey F.; Khaikina, Elena G.; Kadyrova, Yuliya M.; Solodovnikova, Zoya A.; Basovich, Olga M.

    2013-01-01

    X-ray investigation of solid state interaction of the components in the Li 2 MoO 4 –Rb 2 MoO 4Fe 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 system was carried out, and a subsolidus phase diagram of the said system was constructed. The subsystem Rb 2 MoO 4 –LiRbMoO 4 –RbFe(MoO 4 ) 2 was shown to be non-quasiternary. Formation of a novel triple molybdate LiRb 2 Fe(MoO 4 ) 3 was established, conditions of solid state synthesis and crystallization of the compound were found. Its crystal structure (orthorhombic, space group Pnma, Z=4, a=24.3956(6), b=5.8306(1), c=8.4368(2) Å) represents a new structure type and includes infinite two-row ribbons ([Fe(MoO 4 ) 3 ] 3− ) ∞ parallel to the b axis and composed of FeO 6 octahedra, terminal Mo(3)O 4 tetrahedra, and bridge Mo(1)O 4 and Mo(2)O 4 tetrahedra connecting two or three FeO 6 octahedra. The ribbons are connected to form 3D framework via corner-sharing LiO 4 tetrahedra. Rubidium cations are 11- and 13-coordinated and located in cavities of this heterogeneous polyhedral framework. - Graphical abstract: Exploring the Li 2 MoO 4 –Rb 2 MoO 4Fe 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 system showed its partial non-quasiternarity and revealed a new compound LiRb 2 Fe(MoO 4 ) 3 which was structurally studied. - Highlights: • The Li 2 MoO 4 –Rb 2 MoO 4Fe 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 system study revealed a new compound LiRb 2 Fe(MoO 4 ) 3 . • Its structure of a new type includes ribbons of FeO 6 octahedra and MoO 4 tetrahedra. • The ribbons are connected into a 3D framework via corner-sharing LiO 4 tetrahedra

  2. Effects of the Microstructure on Segregation behavior of Ni-Cr-Mo High Strength Low Alloy RPV Steel

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Park, Sang Gyu; Wee, Dang Moon [Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Min Chul; Lee, Bong Sang [Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

    2010-10-15

    SA508 Gr.4N Ni-Cr-Mo low alloy steel has an improved fracture toughness and strength, compared to commercial Mn-Mo-Ni low alloy RPV steel SA508 Gr.3. Higher strength and fracture toughness of low alloy steels could be achieved by adding Ni and Cr. So there are several researches on SA508 Gr.4N low alloy steel for a RPV application. The operation temperature and time of a reactor pressure vessel is more than 300 .deg. C and over 40 years. Therefore, in order to apply the SA508 Gr.4N low alloy steel for a reactor pressure vessel, it requires a resistance of thermal embrittlement in the high temperature range including temper embrittlement resistance. S. Raoul reported that the susceptibility to temper embrittlement was increasing a function of the cooling rate in SA533 steel, which suggests the martensitic microstructures resulting from increased cooling rates are more susceptible to temper embrittlement. However, this result has not been proved yet. So the comparison of temper embrittlement behavior was made between martensitic microstructure and bainitic microstructure with a viewpoint of boundary features in SA508 Gr.4N, which have mixture of tempered bainite/martensite. In this study, we have compared temper embrittlement behaviors of SA508 Gr.4N low alloy steel with changing volume fraction of martensite. The mechanical properties of these low alloy steels) were evaluated after a long-term heat treatment(450 .deg. C, 2000hr. Then, the images of the segregated boundaries were observed and segregation behavior was analyzed by AES. In order to compare the misorientation distributions of model alloys, grain boundary structures were measured with EBSD

  3. Fe-15Ni-13Cr austenitic stainless steels for fission and fusion reactor applications. I. Effects of minor alloying elements on precipitate phases in melt products and implication in alloy fabrication

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lee, E.H.; Mansur, L.K.

    2000-01-01

    In an effort to develop alloys for fission and fusion reactor applications, 28Fe-15Ni-13Cr base alloys were fabricated by adding various combinations of the minor alloying elements, Mo, Ti, C, Si, P, Nb, and B. The results showed that a significant fraction of undesirable residual oxygen was removed as oxides when Ti, C, and Si were added. Accordingly, the concentrations of the latter three essential alloying elements were reduced also. Among these elements, Ti was the strongest oxide former, but the largest oxygen removal (over 80%) was observed when carbon was added alone without Ti, since gaseous CO boiled off during melting. This paper recommends an alloy melting procedure to mitigate solute losses while reducing the undesirable residual oxygen. In this work, 14 different types of precipitate phases were identified. Compositions of precipitate phases and their crystallographic data are documented. Finally, stability of precipitate phases was examined in view of Gibbs free energy of formation

  4. Determination of the Fe-Cr-Ni and Fe-Cr-Mo Phase Diagrams at Intermediate Temperatures using a Novel Dual-Anneal Diffusion-Multiple Approach

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cao, Siwei

    Phase diagrams at intermediate temperatures are critical both for alloy design and for improving the reliability of thermodynamic databases. There is a significant shortage of experimental data for phase diagrams at the intermediate temperatures which are defined as around half of the homologous melting point (in Kelvin). The goal of this study is to test a novel dual-anneal diffusion multiple (DADM) methodology for efficient determination of intermediate temperature phase diagrams using both the Fe-Cr-Ni and Fe-Cr-Mo systems as the test beds since both are very useful for steel development. Four Fe-Cr-Ni-Mo-Co diffusion multiples were made and annealed at 1200 °C for 500 hrs. One sample was used directly for evaluating the isothermal sections at 1200 ° C. The other samples (and cut slices) were used to perform a subsequent dual annealing at 900 °C (500 hrs), 800 °C (1000 hrs), 700 °C (1000 hrs), and 600 °C (4500 hrs), respectively. The second annealing induced phase precipitation from the supersaturated solid solutions that were created during the first 1200 °C annealing. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to identify the phases and precipitation locations in order to obtain the compositions to construct the isothermal sections of both ternary systems at four different temperatures. The major results obtained from this study are isothermal sections of the Fe-Cr-Ni and Fe-Cr-Mo systems at 1200 °C, 900 °C, 800 °C, and 700 °C. For the Fe-Cr-Ni system, the results from DADMs agree with the majority of the literature results except for results at both 800 °C and 700 °C where the solubility of Cr in the fcc phase was found to be significantly higher than what was computed from thermodynamic calculations using the TCFE5 database. Overall, it seems that the Fe-Cr-Ni thermodynamic assessment only needs slight improvement to

  5. Effect of Fe and Zr additions on ω phase formation in β-type Ti-Mo alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Min, X.H.; Emura, S.; Zhang, L.; Tsuzaki, K.

    2008-01-01

    The effect of 1% Fe and/or 5% Zr (mass%) additions on ω phase formation was investigated for the Ti-15Mo alloy by means of X-ray diffraction analysis and hardness testing. Upon water quenching following solution treatment in the β phase region, the athermal ω phase formation could not be observed in all the alloys, regardless of Fe and Zr additions. The lattice parameter of the β phase decreases with Fe addition, while it increases with Zr addition. Solid solution strengthening by Fe and Zr is not recognized for the β phase. The isothermal ω phase formed after aging at 723 K and 773 K for 3.6 ks, which results in a decrease in the lattice parameter of the β phase and an increase in the hardness. The isothermal ω phase formation is suppressed with Fe and/or Zr additions. This is interpreted as the consequence of the increase in the average value of the bond order (Bo) for the Ti-15Mo-5Zr and Ti-15Mo-5Zr-1Fe alloys, and of the decrease in the average value of the metal d-orbital energy level (Md) for the Ti-15Mo-1Fe alloy. In addition, the degree of the suppression of isothermal ω phase can be predicted by the average values of Bo and Md

  6. ANOMALOUS ELECTRODEPOSITION OF Fe-Ni ALLOY COATING FROM SIMPLE AND COMPLEX BATHS AND ITS MAGNETIC PROPERTY

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M A Islam

    2010-03-01

    Full Text Available Electrodeposition of Fe-Ni thin films has been carried on copper substrate under various electrodeposition conditions from two simple and six complex baths. Sulfate baths composing of NiSO4. 7H2O, FeSO4.7H2O, H3BO3 and Na2SO4KEYWORDS: Anomalous Electrodeposition, Fe-Ni Coating, Complexing agent, Current Density, Magnetic Property. 1. INTRODUCTION Alloy electrodeposition technologies can extend tremendously the potential of electrochemical deposition processes to provide coatings that require unique mechanical, chemical and physical properties [1]. There has been a great research interest in the development and characterization of iron-nickel (Fe-Ni thin films due to their operational capacity, economic interest, magnetic and other properties [2]. Due to their unique low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE and soft magnetic properties, Fe-Ni alloys have been used in industrial applications for over 100 years [3]. Typical examples of applications that are based on the low CTE of Fe-Ni alloys include: thermostatic bimetals, glass sealing, integrated circuit packaging, cathode ray tube, shadow masks, membranes for liquid natural gas tankers; applications based on the soft magnetic properties include: read-write heads for magnetic storage, magnetic actuators, magnetic shielding, high performance transformer cores. comprise the simple baths whereas complex baths were prepared by adding ascorbic acid, saccharin and citric acid in simple baths. The effect of bath composition, pH and applied current density on coating appearance, composition, morphology and magnetic property were studied. Wet chemical analysis technique was used to analyze the coating composition whereas SEM and VSM were used to study the deposit morphology and magnetic property respectively. Addition of complexing agents in plating baths suppressed the anomalous nature of Fe-Ni alloy electrodeposition. Coatings obtained from simple baths were characterized by coarse grained non

  7. Atomic scale study of grain boundary segregation before carbide nucleation in Ni-Cr-Fe Alloys

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Hui; Xia, Shuang; Liu, Wenqing; Liu, Tingguang; Zhou, Bangxin

    2013-08-01

    Three dimensional chemical information concerning grain boundary segregation before carbide nucleation was characterized by atom probe tomography in two Ni-Cr-Fe alloys which were aged at 500 °C for 0.5 h after homogenizing treatment. B, C and Si atoms segregation at grain boundary in Alloy 690 was observed. B, C, N and P atoms segregation at grain boundary in 304 austenitic stainless steel was observed. C atoms co-segregation with Cr atoms at the grain boundaries both in Alloy 690 and 304 austenitic stainless steel was found, and its effect on the carbide nucleation was discussed. The amount of each segregated element at grain boundaries in the two Ni-Cr-Fe alloys were analyzed quantitatively. Comparison of the grain boundary segregation features of the two Ni-Cr-Fe alloys were carried out based on the experimental results. The impurity and solute atoms segregate inhomogeneously in the same grain boundary both in 304 SS and Alloy 690. The grain boundary segregation tendencies (Sav) are B (11.8 ± 1.4) > P (5.4 ± 1.4) > N (4.7 ± 0.3) > C (3.7 ± 0.4) in 304 SS, and B (6.9 ± 0.9) > C (6.7 ± 0.4) > Si (1.5 ± 0.2) in Alloy 690. Cr atoms may co-segregate with C atoms at grain boundaries before carbide nucleation at the grain boundaries both in 304 SS and Alloy 690. Ni atoms generally deplete at grain boundary both in 304 SS and Alloy 690. The literature shows that the Ni atoms may co-segregate with P atoms at grain boundaries [28], but the P atoms segregation do not leads to Ni segregation in the current study. In the current study, Fe atoms may segregate or deplete at grain boundary in Alloy 690. But Fe atoms generally deplete at grain boundary in 304 SS. B atoms have the strongest grain boundary segregation tendency both in 304 SS and Alloy 690. The grain boundary segregation tendency and Gibbs free energy of B in 304 SS is higher than in Alloy 690. C atoms are easy to segregate at grain boundaries both in 304 SS and Alloy 690. The grain boundary segregation

  8. Intermartensitic transitions in Ni-Mn-Fe-Cu-Ga Heusler alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Khan, Mahmud; Gautam, Bhoj; Pathak, Arjun; Dubenko, Igor; Stadler, Shane; Ali, Naushad

    2008-01-01

    A series of Fe doped Ni 2 Mn 0.75-x Fe x Cu 0.25 Ga Heusler alloys have been investigated by means of x-ray diffraction, magnetizations, thermal expansion, and electrical resistivity measurements. In Ni 2 Mn 0.75 Cu 0.25 Ga, martensitic and ferromagnetic transitions occur at the same temperature. Partial substitution of Mn by Fe results in a decrease of the martensitic transition temperature, T M , and an increase of the ferromagnetic transition temperature, T C , resulting in separation of the two transitions. In addition to the martensitic transition, complete thermoelastic intermartensitic transformations have been observed in the Fe doped Ni 2 Mn 0.75-x Fe x Cu 0.25 Ga samples with x>0.04. An unusual transition is observed in the alloy with x = 0.04. The magnetization curve as a function of increasing temperature shows only one first-order transition in the temperature range 5-400 K, which is identified as a typical coupled magnetostructural martensitic transformation. The magnetization curve as a function of decreasing temperature shows three different transitions, which are characterized as the ferromagnetic transition, the martensitic transition and the intermartensitic transition.

  9. Forming a structure of the CoNiFe alloys by X-ray irradiation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Valko, Natalia; Kasperovich, Andrey; Koltunowicz, Tomasz N.

    The experimental data of electrodeposition kinetics researches and structure formation of ternary CoNiFe alloys deposited onto low-carbon steel 08kp in the presence of X-rays are presented. Relations of deposit rate, current efficiencies, element and phase compositions of CoNiFe coatings formed from sulfate baths with respect to cathode current densities (0.5-3A/dm2), electrolyte composition and irradiation were obtained. It is shown that, the CoNiFe coatings deposited by the electrochemical method involving exposure of the X-rays are characterized by more perfect morphology surfaces with less developed surface geometry than reference coatings. The effect of the X-ray irradiation on the electrodeposition of CoNiFe coatings promotes formatting of alloys with increased electropositive component and modified phase composition.

  10. Development of Fe-Ni and Ni-base alloys without {gamma}' strengthening for advanced USC boilers

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Semba, Hiroyuki; Okada, Hirokazu; Igarashi, Masaaki; Hirata, Hiroyuki [Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd., Amagasaki, Hyogo (Japan). Corporate Research and Development Labs.; Yoshizawa, Mitsuru [Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd., Amagasaki, Hyogo (Japan). Steel Tube Works

    2010-07-01

    An Fe-Ni base alloy, 23Cr-45Ni-7W alloy (HR6W) strengthened by Fe{sub 2}W-type Laves phase is one of the candidate materials for the piping application. Stability of long-term creep strength and superior creep rupture ductility have been proved by creep rupture tests up to 60000h at 650-800 C. The 10{sup 5}h extrapolated creep rupture strength at 700 C approved by TUV is 85MPa. It has also been confirmed that HR6W has excellent microstructural stability by means of microstructural observations after term creep tests and aging. A thick wall pipe of HR6W, which is 457mm in diameter and 60mm in wall thickness, has successfully been manufactured by the Erhart Push Bench press method. This trial production has shown that hot workability of HR6W is sufficient for manufacturing thick wall piping for A-USC plants. A new Ni-base alloy, 30r-50Ni-4W alloy (HR35) has been proposed for piping application having comparable creep rupture strength with Alloy 617 at 700 C. This alloy is not strengthened by {gamma}' phase but mainly by {alpha}-Cr phase. The 10{sup 5}h extrapolated creep rupture strength is estimated to be 114 MPa at 700 C. It has sufficient creep rupture ductility compared with Alloy 617. A thick wall pipe of HR35 has also been successfully manufactured. Capability of HR6W and HR35 as structural materials for A-USC plants has been examined in detail. They have high resistance to relaxation cracking after welding. It is, therefore, concluded that both the alloys are promising candidates especially for thick wall piping in A-USC power plants. (orig.)

  11. Density and atomic volume in liquid Al-Fe and Al-Ni binary alloys

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Plevachuk, Yu. [Ivan Franko National Univ., Lviv (Ukraine). Dept. of Metal Physics; Egry, I.; Brillo, J.; Holland-Moritz, D. [Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt, Koeln (Germany). Inst. fuer Raumsimulation; Kaban, I. [Chemnitz Univ. of Technolgy (Germany). Inst. of Physics

    2007-02-15

    The density of liquid Al-Fe and Al-Ni binary alloys have been determined over a wide temperature range by a noncontact technique combining electromagnetic levitation and optical dilatometry. The temperature and composition dependences of the density are analysed. A negative excess volume correlates with the negative enthalpy of mixing, compound forming ability and chemical short-range ordering in liquid Al-Fe and Al-Ni alloys. (orig.)

  12. Characterization of rust layer formed on Fe, Fe-Ni and Fe-Cr alloys exposed to Cl-rich environment by Cl and Fe K-edge XANES measurements

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Konishi, Hiroyuki; Mizuki, Jun'ichiro; Yamashita, Masato; Uchida, Hitoshi

    2005-01-01

    Chloride in atmosphere considerably reduces the corrosion resistance of conventional weathering steel containing a small amount of Cr. Ni is an effective anticorrosive element for improving the corrosion resistance of steel in a Cl-rich environment. In order to clarify the structure of the protective rust layer of weathering steel, Cl and Fe K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra of atmospheric corrosion products (rust) formed on Fe, Fe-Ni and Fe-Cr alloys exposed to Cl-rich atmosphere were measured. The Fe K-XANES measurements enable the characterization of mixture of iron oxides such as rust. The chemical composition of the rust was determined by performing pattern fitting of the measured spectra. All the rust is composed mainly of goethite, akaganeite, lepidocrocite and magnetite. Among these iron oxides, akaganeite in particular is the major component in the rust. Additionally, the amount of akaganeite in the rust of Fe-Ni alloy is much greater than that in rust of Fe-Cr alloy. Akaganeite is generally considered to facilitate the corrosion of steel, but our results indicate that akaganeite in the rust of Fe-Ni alloy is quantitatively different from that in rust of Fe-Cr alloy and does not facilitate the corrosion of steel. The shoulder peak observed in Cl K-XANES spectra reveals that the rust contains a chloride other than akaganeite. The energy of the shoulder peak does not correspond to that of any well-known chlorides. In the measured spectra, there is no proof that Cl, by combining with the alloying element, inhibits the alloying element from acting in corrosion resistance. The shoulder peak appears only when the content of the alloying element is lower than a certain value. This suggests that the generation of the unidentified chloride is related to the corrosion rate of steel. (author)

  13. Phase transformation in a Ni-Mo-Cr alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dymek, S.; Wrobel, M.; Blicharski, M.; Dollar, M.

    2001-01-01

    The paper gives a characteristic of a nickel-based superalloy containing 25 wt.% Mo and 8 wt.% Cr with particular attention to the influence of a thermochemical and heat treatment on phase transformations. The applied heat treatments are comprised of soaking temperature 1100 o C followed by aging at 650 o C at three conditions: conventional aging for 72 hours, prolonged aging for 4000 hours and prolonged aging for 4000 hours followed by cold working and subsequent aging for 1000 hours. The conventional aging led to the formation of lenticular precipitates of the dispersed metastable Ni 2 (Mo,Cr) phase. The aging for 4000 hours brought about coarsening of the ordered domains without changing their crystallographic and ordering characteristics. The plastic deformation preceded the further aging for 1000 hours accelerated the decomposition of the Ni 2 (Mo,Cr) phase on the mixture of the Ni 3 Mo and Ni 4 Mo-based phases. (author)

  14. Synthesis of FeNi Alloy Nanomaterials by Proteic Sol-Gel Method: Crystallographic, Morphological, and Magnetic Properties

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cássio Morilla dos Santos

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Proteic Sol-Gel method was used for the synthesis of FeNi alloy at different temperature conditions and flow reduction. The solids were characterized by XRD, H2-TPR, SEM, TEM, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and VSM. It was observed by X-ray diffraction pure FeNi alloy in the samples reduced at 600°C (40 mL/min H2 flow and 700°C (25 mL/min H2 flow. The FeNi alloy presented stability against the oxidizing atmosphere up to 250°C. The morphology exhibited agglomerates relatively spherical and particles in the range of 10–40 nm. Mössbauer spectroscopy showed the presence of disordered ferromagnetic FeNi alloy, and magnetic hysteresis loop revealed a typical behavior of soft magnetic material.

  15. Design and characterization of FeCrNiCoAlCu and FeCrNiCo(AlCu){sub 0,5} multicomponent alloys; Previsao e caracterizacao de ligas multicomponentes FeCrNiCoAlCu e FeCrNiCo(AlCu){sub 0,5}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Triveno Rios, Carlos; Artacho, Victor Falcao [Universidade Federal do ABC (CECS/UFABC), Santo Andre, SP (Brazil). Engenharia de Materiais

    2014-07-01

    High entropy alloys using multi-element main quasi-equivalent atomic proportions and generally forms single-phase solid solution and has the ability to enhance levels of strain hardening combined with high levels of plastic deformation at room temperature. In this work two high-entropy alloys with almost similar composition were studied and the factors influencing the formation of solid solution phases (δ atomic radius difference, ΔH{sub mix} mixing enthalpy, ΔS{sub mix} mixing entropy) were evaluated. The microstructure as-cast and the compositions of phases in the two alloys were analyzed by SEM and XRD. The mechanical characterization was realized by measurements of microhardness and cold compression test. The results showed that FeCrNiCo(AlCu){sub 0,5} and FeCrNiCoAlCu alloys with δ equal to 5,7 and 4,9, respectively, form alloys with solid solutions of high entropy. However, the presence of FC and BCCC structures greatly influence the mechanical properties. (author)

  16. Superaerophobic Ultrathin Ni-Mo Alloy Nanosheet Array from In Situ Topotactic Reduction for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Qian; Li, Pengsong; Zhou, Daojin; Chang, Zheng; Kuang, Yun; Sun, Xiaoming

    2017-11-01

    Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) has prospect to becoming clean and renewable technology for hydrogen production and Ni-Mo alloy is among the best HER catalysts in alkaline electrolytes. Here, an in situ topotactic reduction method to synthesize ultrathin 2D Ni-Mo alloy nanosheets for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution is reported. Due to its ultrathin structure and tailored composition, the as-synthesized Ni-Mo alloy shows an overpotential of 35 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA cm -2 , along with a Tafel slope of 45 mV decade -1 , demonstrating a comparable intrinsic activity to state-of-art commercial Pt/C catalyst. Besides, the vertically aligned assemble structure of the 2D NiMo nanosheets on conductive substrate makes the electrode "superaerophobic," thus leading to much faster bubble releasing during HER process and therefore shows faster mass transfer behavior at high current density as compared with drop drying Pt/C catalyst on the same substrate. Such in situ topotactic conversion finds a way to design and fabricate low-cost, earth-abundant non-noble metal based ultrathin 2D nanostructures for electrocatalytic issues. © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  17. Radiation damage studies of the FeNi alloys, pure and with impurities, by measuring magnetic properties

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sciani, Valdir

    1978-01-01

    Radiation damage studies are interesting from various points of view, but they have two main aspects, fundamental and technological. The void formations in metals and alloys during irradiation with high energy particles is a problem of interest in Nuclear Technology. The supersaturation of vacancies is one condition for a void formation, which results in swelling as well as in changes of mechanical, electrical and magnetic properties of materials used in power reactor. Isothermal and linear annealings have been performed before, during and after irradiation with neutrons from the IEAR-1 reactor, between 400 and 500 deg C in argon atmosphere. The samples used have a following nominal compositions: Fe Ni (50 - 50% at); FeNiMo ( 50 - 50% at + 50 ppm); FeNiCr ( 49,95 - 49,95 - 0,1% at); FeNiCr (49,75 - 49,75 - 0,5% at). The initial permeability disaccommodation has been followed by Magnetic After Effect (MAE) Method, which permitted the determination of the time constants, activation energies and Curie points. From these parameters it was possible to evaluate the super saturation of vacancies, showing that the MAE can be used as practical method for the election of nuclear materials without attaining high fluences. Some observations have been performed for the sample FeNiCr (49,75 - 49,75 - 0,5% at), which showed pronounced anomalies in the initial permeability during linear annealing.(author)

  18. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties Evolution of the Al, C-Containing CoCrFeNiMn-Type High-Entropy Alloy during Cold Rolling.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Klimova, Margarita; Stepanov, Nikita; Shaysultanov, Dmitry; Chernichenko, Ruslan; Yurchenko, Nikita; Sanin, Vladimir; Zherebtsov, Sergey

    2017-12-29

    The effect of cold rolling on the microstructure and mechanical properties of an Al- and C-containing CoCrFeNiMn-type high-entropy alloy was reported. The alloy with a chemical composition (at %) of (20-23) Co, Cr, Fe, and Ni; 8.82 Mn; 3.37 Al; and 0.69 C was produced by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis with subsequent induction. In the initial as-cast condition the alloy had an face centered cubic single-phase coarse-grained structure. Microstructure evolution was mostly associated with either planar dislocation glide at relatively low deformation during rolling (up to 20%) or deformation twinning and shear banding at higher strain. After 80% reduction, a heavily deformed twinned/subgrained structure was observed. A comparison with the equiatomic CoCrFeNiMn alloy revealed higher dislocation density at all stages of cold rolling and later onset of deformation twinning that was attributed to a stacking fault energy increase in the program alloy; this assumption was confirmed by calculations. In the initial as-cast condition the alloy had low yield strength of 210 MPa with yet very high uniform elongation of 74%. After 80% rolling, yield strength approached 1310 MPa while uniform elongation decreased to 1.3%. Substructure strengthening was found to be dominated at low rolling reductions (<40%), while grain (twin) boundary strengthening prevailed at higher strains.

  19. Magnetostriction of the polycrystalline Fe{sub 80}Al{sub 20} alloy doped with boron

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bormio-Nunes, Cristina, E-mail: cristina@demar.eel.usp.br [Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Dep. de Eng. de Materiais, Universidade de S.Paulo, Lorena, SP (Brazil); Teodoro dos Santos, Claudio; Botani de Souza Dias, Mateus [Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Dep. de Eng. de Materiais, Universidade de S.Paulo, Lorena, SP (Brazil); Doerr, Mathias; Granovsky, Sergey; Loewenhaupt, Michael [Institut fuer Festkoerperphysik, TU Dresden, D-01062 Dresden (Germany)

    2012-10-25

    Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Fe{sub 80}Al{sub 20} polycrystalline alloy magnetostriction 40 ppm increased to 80 ppm due to 2% of B doping. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer B stabilizes {alpha}-FeAl phase and a coexistence of {alpha}-FeAl + Fe{sub 3}Al improves magnetostriction. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Presence of Fe{sub 2}B phase causes domain rearrangement revealed by the decrease of the volume magnetostriction. - Abstract: The doping of Fe{sub 80}Al{sub 20} polycrystalline alloy with 2% of boron increased the total magnetostriction twofold compared to a sample without boron. A value close to 80 ppm was achieved at 300 K. The microstructures of the boron-doped alloys show a dendritically solidified matrix with interdendritic {alpha}-FeAl and/or Fe{sub 3}Al and Fe{sub 2}B eutectic between the grains. The XRD analysis reveals an increase in the volume fraction of {alpha}-FeAl and a correspondent decrease of the Fe{sub 3}Al phase volume fraction as the boron content increases. The increase of the volume fraction of this tetragonal Fe{sub 2}B phase in the samples doped with boron causes the decrease of the strong volume magnetostriction that was observed in the alloy without boron. There is some evidence that the improvement of the magnetostriction magnitude due to the addition of boron to the Fe{sub 80}Al{sub 20} alloy could reach the maximal magnetostriction if the 1:1 optimal ratio of the volume fractions of the {alpha}-FeAl and Fe{sub 3}Al phases could be reached.

  20. Diffusion complex layers of TiC-Ni-Mo type produced on steel during vacuum titanizing process combined with the electrolytic deposition

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kasprzycka, E.; Krolikowski, A.

    1999-01-01

    Diffusion carbide layers produced on steel surface by means of vacuum titanizing process have been studied. A new technological process combining a vacuum titanizing with an electrolytic deposition of Ni-Mo alloy has been proposed to increase of corrosion resistance of carbide layers. The effect of preliminary electrolytic deposition of Ni-Mo alloy on the NC10 steel surface on the titanized layer structure and its corrosion resistance has ben investigated. As a result, diffusion complex layers of TiC-Ni-Mo type on NC10 steel surface have been obtained. An X-ray structural analysis of titanized surfaces on NC10 steel precovered with an electrolytic Ni-Mo alloy coating (70%Ni+30%Mo) revealed a presence of titanium carbide TiC, NiTi, MoTi and trace quantity of austenite. The image of the TiC-Ni-Mo complex layer on NC10 steel surface obtained by means of joined SEM+TEM method and diagrams of elements distribution in the layer diffusion zone have been shown. Concentration of depth profiles of Ti, Ni, Mo, Cr and Fe in the layer diffusion zone obtained by means of the joined EDS+TEM method are shown. Concentration depth profiles of Ti, Ni, Mo, Cr and Fe in the layer diffusion zone obtained by means of the X r ay microanalysis and microhardness of the layer are shown. An X-ray structural analysis of titanized surfaces on the NC10 steel, without Ni-Mo alloy layer, revealed only a substantial presence of titanium carbide TiC. For corrosion resistance tests the steel samples with various diffusion layers and without layers were used: (i) the TiC-Ni-Mo titanized complex layers on NC10 steel, (ii) the TiC titanized carbide layers on the NC10 steel, (iii) the NC10 steel without layers. Corrosion measurements of sample under test have been performed in 0.1 M H 2 SO 4 by means of potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance tests. It has been found that the corrosion resistance of titanized steel samples with the TiC and TiC-Ni-Mo layers is higher than for the steel

  1. High-frequency permeability of electroplated CoNiFe and CoNiFe-C alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rhen, Fernando M.F.; McCloskey, Paul; O'Donnell, Terence; Roy, Saibal

    2008-01-01

    We have investigated CoNiFe and CoNiFe-C electrodeposited by pulse reverse plating (PRP) and direct current (DC) techniques. CoNiFe(PRP) films with composition Co 59.4 Fe 27.7 Ni 12.8 show coercivity of 95 A m -1 (1.2 Oe) and magnetization saturation flux (μ 0 M s ) of 1.8 T. Resistivity of CoNiFe (PRP) is about 24 μΩ cm and permeability remains almost constant μ r ' ∼475 up to 30 MHz with a quality factor (Q) larger than 10. Additionally, the permeability spectra analysis shows that CoNiFe exhibits a classical eddy current loss at zero bias field and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) when biased with 0.05 T. Furthermore, a crossover between eddy current and FMR loss is observed for CoNiFe-PRP when baised with 0.05 T. DC and PRP plated CoNiFe-C, which have resistivity and permeability of 85, 38 μΩ cm, μ r '=165 and 35 with Q>10 up to 320 MHz, respectively, showed only ferromagnetic resonance losses. The ferromagnetic resonance peaks in CoNiFe and CoNiFe-C are broad and resembles a Gaussian distribution of FMR frequencies. The incorporation of C to CoNiFe reduces eddy current loss, but also reduces the FMR frequency

  2. The Effect of Milling Time on the Microstructural Characteristics and Strengthening Mechanisms of NiMo-SiC Alloys Prepared via Powder Metallurgy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yang, Chao; Muránsky, Ondrej; Zhu, Hanliang; Thorogood, Gordon J; Avdeev, Maxim; Huang, Hefei; Zhou, Xingtai

    2017-04-06

    A new generation of alloys, which rely on a combination of various strengthening mechanisms, has been developed for application in molten salt nuclear reactors. In the current study, a battery of dispersion and precipitation-strengthened (DPS) NiMo-based alloys containing varying amounts of SiC (0.5-2.5 wt %) were prepared from Ni-Mo-SiC powder mixture via a mechanical alloying (MA) route followed by spark plasma sintering (SPS) and rapid cooling. Neutron Powder Diffraction (NPD), Electron Back Scattering Diffraction (EBSD), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) were employed in the characterization of the microstructural properties of these in-house prepared NiMo-SiC DPS alloys. The study showed that uniformly-dispersed SiC particles provide dispersion strengthening, the precipitation of nano-scale Ni₃Si particles provides precipitation strengthening, and the solid-solution of Mo in the Ni matrix provides solid-solution strengthening. It was further shown that the milling time has significant effects on the microstructural characteristics of these alloys. Increased milling time seems to limit the grain growth of the NiMo matrix by producing well-dispersed Mo₂C particles during sintering. The amount of grain boundaries greatly increases the Hall-Petch strengthening, resulting in significantly higher strength in the case of 48-h-milled NiMo-SiC DPS alloys compared with the 8-h-milled alloys. However, it was also shown that the total elongation is considerably reduced in the 48-h-milled NiMo-SiC DPS alloy due to high porosity. The porosity is a result of cold welding of the powder mixture during the extended milling process.

  3. Heat treatment of NiCrFe alloy 600 to optimize resistance to intergranular stress corrosion

    Science.gov (United States)

    Steeves, A.F.; Bibb, A.E.

    A process of producing a NiCrFe alloy having a high resistance to stress corrosion cracking comprises heating a NiCrFe alloy to a temperature sufficient to enable the carbon present in the alloy body in the form of carbide deposits to enter into solution, rapidly cooling the alloy body, and heating the cooled body to a temperature between 1100 to 1500/sup 0/F for about 1 to 30 hours.

  4. The effects of Ni, Mo, Ti and Si on the mechanical properties of Cr free Mn steel (Fe-25Mn-5Al-2C)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Schuon, S.R.

    1982-01-01

    The FeMnAlC alloys may hold potential as Cr-free replacements for high strategic material iron base superalloys, but little is known about their intermediate temperature (650 C to 870 C) mechanical properties. The effects of alloying elements on the mechanical properties of model FeMnAlC alloys were studied. Results showed that modified FeMnAlC alloys had promising short term, intermediate temperature properties but had relatively poor stress rupture lives at 172 MPa and 788 C. Room temperature and 788 C tensile strength of FeMnAlC alloys were better than common cast stainless steels. Changes in room temperature tensile and 788 C tensile strength and ductility, and 788 C stress rupture life were correlated with changes in Ni, Mo, Ti, and Si levels due to alloying effects on interstitial carbon levels and carbide morphology. Fe-25Mn-5Al-2C had a very poor stress rupture life at 172 MPa and 788 C. Addition of carbide-forming elements improved the stress rupture life

  5. Magnetic Mineralogy of Troilite-Inclusions and their Fe-Ni Host Alloys in IAB Iron Meteorites

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kontny, A. M.; Kramar, U.; Luecke, W.

    2011-12-01

    Iron-nickel meteorites often contain isolated, mostly rounded troilite nodules enclosed in a bulk of Fe-Ni alloy. As sulfur has a low solubility in metal, it is excluded from the crystallization of metal during cooling. Therefore troilite nodules are interpreted to be trapped droplets of residual sulfur-enriched melts. Microscopic examinations of the interface (mm-range) between troilite inclusions and Fe-Ni alloy yield clear mineralogical differences compared to the troilite inclusion. Such rims around troilite nodules seem to occur exclusively in Fe-Ni meteorites with slow cooling rates, and therefore might provide interesting clues on segregation, fractional crystallization and reequilibration processes between the Fe-Ni alloy and the sulfide phases. These interfaces however are also highly sensitive to terrestrial weathering. We present microscopic observations in combination with temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility (k-T curves) in order to identify the magnetic mineralogy of the Morasko (Poland) and Coahuila (Mexico) meteorites, which both geochemically belong to the non-magmatic IAB or IIICD group. In the k-T curves both, rim and troilite nodule are characterized by Curie temperatures (TC) that can be related to magnetite, daubreelite (FeCr2O4), Fe-hydroxide and sometimes cohenite. Therefore the interface seems to be geochemically more similar to the troilite nodule than the Fe-Ni alloy. Optical microscopy in combination with the ferrofluid method revealed complex microstructures of intergrown magnetic (TC = 780-785 °C) and non-magnetic phases in the Fe-Ni alloy, which differ in their Ni-concentration. Towards the rim of the troilite nodule the concentration of magnetic cohenite ((Fe,Ni)3C) and especially schreibersite ((Fe,Ni)3P), which are both intergrown with the metal, increases. Cohenite is easily identified microscopically by a very characteristic stripe-like magnetic domain structure and it shows a TC at about 200 °C. The carbon-rich, dark

  6. Synthesis of Fe Ni Alloy Nano materials by Proteic Sol-Gel Method: Crystallographic, Morphological, and Magnetic Properties

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Santos, C.M.D.; Martins, A.F.N.; Sasaki, J.M.; Costa, B. C.; Ribeiro, T.S.; Braga, T.P.; Soares, J.M.

    2016-01-01

    Proteic Sol-Gel method was used for the synthesis of Fe Ni alloy at different temperature conditions and flow reduction. The solids were characterized by XRD, H_2-TPR, SEM, TEM, Moessbauer spectroscopy, and VSM. It was observed by X-ray diffraction pure Fe Ni alloy in the samples reduced at 600 degree (40 ml/min H_2 flow) and 700 degree (25 ml/min H_2 flow). The Fe Ni alloy presented stability against the oxidizing atmosphere up to 250 degree. The morphology exhibited agglomerates relatively spherical and particles in the range of 10-40 nm. Moessbauer spectroscopy showed the presence of disordered ferromagnetic Fe Ni alloy, and magnetic hysteresis loop revealed a typical behavior of soft magnetic material.

  7. Out-of-plane coercive field of Ni80Fe20 antidot arrays

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gao Chunhong; Chen Ke; Lue Ling; Zhao Jianwei; Chen Peng

    2010-01-01

    The out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy and out-of-plane magnetization reversal process of nanoscale Ni 80 Fe 20 antidot arrays deposited by magnetron sputtering technique on an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane are investigated. The angular dependence of out-of-plane remanent magnetization of Ni 80 Fe 20 antidot arrays shows that the maximum remanence is in-plane and the squareness of the out-of-plane hysteresis loop follow a |cos θ| dependence. The angular dependence of out-of-plane coercivity of Ni 80 Fe 20 antidot arrays shows that the maximum coercivity lies on the surface of a cone with its symmetric axis normal to the sample plane, which indicates a transition of magnetic reversal from curling to coherent rotation when changing the angle between the applied magnetic field and the sample plane.

  8. Out-of-plane coercive field of Ni 80Fe 20 antidot arrays

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gao, Chunhong; Chen, Ke; Lü, Ling; Zhao, Jianwei; Chen, Peng

    2010-11-01

    The out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy and out-of-plane magnetization reversal process of nanoscale Ni 80Fe 20 antidot arrays deposited by magnetron sputtering technique on an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane are investigated. The angular dependence of out-of-plane remanent magnetization of Ni 80Fe 20 antidot arrays shows that the maximum remanence is in-plane and the squareness of the out-of-plane hysteresis loop follow a |cos θ| dependence. The angular dependence of out-of-plane coercivity of Ni 80Fe 20 antidot arrays shows that the maximum coercivity lies on the surface of a cone with its symmetric axis normal to the sample plane, which indicates a transition of magnetic reversal from curling to coherent rotation when changing the angle between the applied magnetic field and the sample plane.

  9. Magnetic and structural characterization of Mo-Hitperm alloys with different Fe/Co ratio

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Conde, C.F., E-mail: conde@us.es [Departamento de Fisica de la Materia Condensada, ICMSE-CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, P.O. Box 1065, 41080 Sevilla (Spain); Borrego, J.M.; Blazquez, J.S.; Conde, A. [Departamento de Fisica de la Materia Condensada, ICMSE-CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, P.O. Box 1065, 41080 Sevilla (Spain); Svec, P.; Janickovic, D. [Department of Metal Physics, Institute of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 845 11 Bratislava (Slovakia)

    2011-02-03

    Research highlights: > Nanocrystallization kinetics results based on isothermal (TMG) and non-isothermal (DSC) experiments agree describing a strongly inhibited grain growth process. > The crystalline volume fraction at the end of the nanocrystallization process is practically not affected with the increase of Co in the alloy, although it is lower than in the corresponding Co free alloy. The lattice parameter and the crystal size of the {alpha}-FeCo(Mo) phase nanocrystals decreases as the Co content in the alloy increases. > Moessbauer spectra were analyzed in the frame of three different contributions: pure crystalline, interface and amorphous contribution. Comparison between TEM, XRD and Moessbauer data indicates that some Mo could be present inside the nanocrystals. > Changing the Fe/Co ratio allows to increase the Curie temperature of the amorphous alloys for these compositions between room temperature and {approx}800 K, and therefore, allows tuning the temperature at which the maximum magnetocaloric effect takes place opening a possibility for these alloys as potential low cost magnetic refrigerants. - Abstract: The influence of the Co content on the microstructure and magnetic behaviour of a series of amorphous and nanocrystalline (FeCo){sub 79}Mo{sub 8}Cu{sub 1}B{sub 12} alloys is reported. Changes in the magnetic properties provoked by the microstructural evolution upon different thermal treatments of as-cast samples are analyzed as well. Kinetics of nanocrystallization process can be described by an isokinetic approach. As the Co content in the alloy increases, the Curie temperature of the amorphous as-cast samples increases while the crystallization onset temperature decreases. The crystalline volume fraction as well as the mean grain size of the nanocrystals at the end of the nanocrystallization process are slightly higher for the lowest Co content alloy but smaller than in similar Hitperm Mo-free alloys. The average magnetic field and the average isomer

  10. Crevice Corrosion on Ni-Cr-Mo Alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    P. Jakupi; D. Zagidulin; J.J. Noel; D.W. Shoesmith

    2006-01-01

    Ni-Cr-Mo alloys were developed for their exceptional corrosion resistance in a variety of extreme corrosive environments. An alloy from this series, Alloy-22, has been selected as the reference material for the fabrication of nuclear waste containers in the proposed Yucca Mountain repository located in Nevada (US). A possible localized corrosion process under the anticipated conditions at this location is crevice corrosion. therefore, it is necessary to assess how this process may, or may not, propagate if the use of this alloy is to be justified. Consequently, the primary objective is the development of a crevice corrosion damage function that can be used to assess the evolution of material penetration rates. They have been using various electrochemical methods such as potentiostatic, galvanostatic and galvanic coupling techniques. Corrosion damage patterns have been investigated using surface analysis techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy. All crevice corrosion experiments were performed at 120 C in 5M NaCl solution. Initiating crevice corrosion on these alloys has proven to be difficult; therefore, they have forced it to occur under either potentiostatic or galvanostatic conditions

  11. Shape memory effect in Fe-Mn-Ni-Si-C alloys with low Mn contents

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Min, X.H., E-mail: MIN.Xiaohua@nims.go.jp [National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0047 (Japan); Sawaguchi, T.; Ogawa, K. [National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0047 (Japan); Maruyama, T. [Awaji Materia Co., Ltd. 2-3-13, Kanda ogawamachi, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0052 (Japan); Yin, F.X. [National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0047 (Japan); Tsuzaki, K. [National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0047 (Japan); Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047 (Japan)

    2011-06-15

    Highlights: {yields} A class of new Fe-Mn-Ni-Si-C shape memory alloys with low Mn contents has been designed. {yields} A Mn content for the onset of the {alpha}' martensite is less than 13 mass%, and the {epsilon} martensite still exists in the alloy with a 9 mass% Mn. {yields} The shape recovery strain decreases considerably when the Mn content is reduced from 13 to 11 mass%. {yields} The sudden decrease in the shape recovery strain is mainly caused by the formation of {alpha}' martensite. - Abstract: An attempt was made to develop a new Fe-Mn-Si-based shape memory alloy from a Fe-17Mn-6Si-0.3C (mass%) shape memory alloy, which was previously reported to show a superior shape memory effect without any costly training treatment, by lowering its Mn content. The shape memory effect and the phase transformation behavior were investigated for the as-solution treated Fe-(17-2x)Mn-6Si-0.3C-xNi (x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4) polycrystalline alloys. The shape recovery strain exceeded 2% in the alloys with x = 0-2, which is sufficient for an industrially applicable shape memory effect; however, it suddenly decreased in the alloys between x = 2 and 3 although the significant shape recovery strain still exceeded 1%. In the alloys with x = 3 and 4, X-ray diffraction analysis and transmission electron microscope observation revealed the existence of {alpha}' martensite, which forms at the intersection of the {epsilon} martensite plates and suppresses the crystallographic reversibility of the {gamma} austenite to {epsilon} martensitic transformation.

  12. Effects of torsional deformation on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a CoCrFeNiMo0.15 high-entropy alloy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wu, Wenqian; Guo, Lin; Liu, Bin; Ni, Song; Liu, Yong; Song, Min

    2017-12-01

    The effects of torsional deformation on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a CoCrFeNiMo0.15 high-entropy alloy have been investigated. The torsional deformation generates a gradient microstructure distribution due to the gradient torsional strain. Both dislocation activity and deformation twinning dominated the torsional deformation process. With increasing the torsional equivalent strain, the microstructural evolution can be described as follows: (1) formation of pile-up dislocations parallel to the trace of {1 1 1}-type slip planes; (2) formation of Taylor lattices; (3) formation of highly dense dislocation walls; (3) formation of microbands and deformation twins. The extremely high deformation strain (strained to fracture) results in the activation of wavy slip. The tensile strength is very sensitive to the torsional deformation, and increases significantly with increasing the torsional angle.

  13. Microstructure and corrosion properties of CrMnFeCoNi high entropy alloy coating

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ye, Qingfeng [Shanghai Key laboratory of Materials Laser Processing and Modification, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240 (China); Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Ship and Deep-Sea Exploration, Shanghai, 200240 (China); Feng, Kai, E-mail: fengkai@sjtu.edu.cn [Shanghai Key laboratory of Materials Laser Processing and Modification, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240 (China); Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Ship and Deep-Sea Exploration, Shanghai, 200240 (China); Li, Zhuguo, E-mail: lizg@sjtu.edu.cn [Shanghai Key laboratory of Materials Laser Processing and Modification, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240 (China); Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Ship and Deep-Sea Exploration, Shanghai, 200240 (China); Lu, Fenggui [Shanghai Key laboratory of Materials Laser Processing and Modification, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240 (China); Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Ship and Deep-Sea Exploration, Shanghai, 200240 (China); Li, Ruifeng [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212003 (China); Huang, Jian; Wu, Yixiong [Shanghai Key laboratory of Materials Laser Processing and Modification, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240 (China); Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Ship and Deep-Sea Exploration, Shanghai, 200240 (China)

    2017-02-28

    Highlights: • Equimolar CrMnFeCoNi high entropy alloy coating are prepared by laser cladding. • The cladding layer forms a simple FCC phase solid solution with identical dendritic structure. • The cladding layer exhibits a noble corrosion resistance in both 3.5 wt.% NaCl and 0.5 M sulfuric acid. • Element segregation makes Cr-depleted interdendrites the starting point of corrosion reaction. - Abstract: Equimolar CrMnFeCoNi high entropy alloy (HEA) is one of the most notable single phase multi-component alloys up-to-date with promising mechanical properties at cryogenic temperatures. However, the study on the corrosion behavior of CrMnFeCoNi HEA coating has still been lacking. In this paper, HEA coating with a nominal composition of CrMnFeCoNi is fabricated by laser surface alloying and studied in detail. Microstructure and chemical composition are determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are used to investigate the corrosion behavior. The coating forms a simple FCC phase with an identical dendritic structure composed of Fe/Co/Ni-rich dendrites and Mn/Ni-rich interdendrites. Both in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution and 0.5 M sulfuric acid the coating exhibits nobler corrosion resistance than A36 steel substrate and even lower i{sub corr} than 304 stainless steel (304SS). EIS plots coupled with fitted parameters reveal that a spontaneous protective film is formed and developed during immersion in 0.5 M sulfuric acid. The fitted R{sub t} value reaches its maximum at 24 h during a 48 h’ immersion test, indicating the passive film starts to break down after that. EDS analysis conducted on a corroded surface immersed in 0.5 M H{sub 2}SO{sub 4} reveals that corrosion starts from Cr-depleted interdendrites.

  14. The effect of Fe2NiO4 and Fe4NiO4Zn magnetic nanoparticles on anaerobic digestion activity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Jian Lin; Steele, Terry W J; Stuckey, David C

    2018-06-11

    Two types of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), i.e. Ni ferrite nanoparticles (Fe 2 NiO 4 ) and Ni Zn ferrite nanoparticles (Fe 4 NiO 4 Zn) containing the trace metals Ni and Fe, were added to the anaerobic digestion of synthetic municipal wastewater at concentrations between 1 and 100 mg Ni L -1 in order to compare their effects on biogas (methane) production and sludge activity. Using the production of methane over time as a measure, the assays revealed that anaerobic digestion was stimulated by the addition of 100 mg Ni L -1 in Fe 2 NiO 4 NPs, while it was inhibited by the addition of 1-100 mg Ni L -1 in Fe 4 NiO 4 Zn NPs. Especially at 100 mg Ni L -1 , Fe 4 NiO 4 Zn NPs resulted in a total inhibition of anaerobic digestion. The metabolic activity of the anaerobic sludge was tested using the resazurin reduction assay, and the assay clearly revealed the negative effect of Fe 4 NiO 4 Zn NPs and the positive effect of Fe 2 NiO 4 NPs. Re-feeding fresh synthetic medium reactivated the NPs added to the anaerobic sludge, except for the experiment with 100 mg Ni L -1 addition of Fe 4 NiO 4 Zn NPs. The findings in this present study indicate a possible new strategy for NPs design to enhance anaerobic digestion. Crown Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  15. Evaluation of alloying effect on the formation of Ni-Fe nanosized powders by pulsed wire discharge

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Park, Gyu-Hyeon; Lee, Gwang-Yeob; Kim, Hyeon-Ah; Lee, A-Young; Oh, Hye-Ryeong; Kim, Song-Yi; Kim, Do-Hyang; Lee, Min-Ha

    2016-01-01

    Highlights: • Synthesizing Ni-Fe alloy nano-powder employing Ni-plating layer of Fe wire by PWD process. • The mean particle size is decreased with increasing the charging voltage affecting to the super heating factor (K). • The mean particle size of PWD Ni-Fe nanosized powder is accordance with applied voltage. • Uniformity of mean particel size can be controlled by adjusting charging voltage and super heating factor (K). - Abstract: This study investigates the effects of varying the explosion time and charging voltage of pulsed wire discharge (PWD) on the mean particle size, dispersibility and alloying reliability of powders produced from pure Ni and Ni-plated Fe wires. It was found that with increasing charging voltage, the mean particle size of Ni powders is reduced from 40.11 ± 0.23 to 25.63 ± 0.07 nm, which is attributed to a change in the extent of super heating with particle size. Nanosized powders of Ni-Fe alloy with a mean particle size between 25.91 ± 0.24 and 26.30 ± 0.26 nm were also successfully fabricated and found to consist of particles with a γ-(Ni/Fe) core and FeO shell. The reliability for the optimization of processing parameters to control particle sizes is also evaluated.

  16. Evaluation of alloying effect on the formation of Ni-Fe nanosized powders by pulsed wire discharge

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Park, Gyu-Hyeon [Advanced Functional Materials R& D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon 406-840 (Korea, Republic of); Lee, Gwang-Yeob [Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791 (Korea, Republic of); Deparment of Advanced Materials Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749 (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Hyeon-Ah [Advanced Functional Materials R& D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon 406-840 (Korea, Republic of); Deparment of Advanced Materials Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749 (Korea, Republic of); Lee, A-Young; Oh, Hye-Ryeong; Kim, Song-Yi [Advanced Functional Materials R& D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon 406-840 (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Do-Hyang [Deparment of Advanced Materials Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749 (Korea, Republic of); Lee, Min-Ha, E-mail: mhlee1@kitech.re.kr [Advanced Functional Materials R& D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon 406-840 (Korea, Republic of)

    2016-10-15

    Highlights: • Synthesizing Ni-Fe alloy nano-powder employing Ni-plating layer of Fe wire by PWD process. • The mean particle size is decreased with increasing the charging voltage affecting to the super heating factor (K). • The mean particle size of PWD Ni-Fe nanosized powder is accordance with applied voltage. • Uniformity of mean particel size can be controlled by adjusting charging voltage and super heating factor (K). - Abstract: This study investigates the effects of varying the explosion time and charging voltage of pulsed wire discharge (PWD) on the mean particle size, dispersibility and alloying reliability of powders produced from pure Ni and Ni-plated Fe wires. It was found that with increasing charging voltage, the mean particle size of Ni powders is reduced from 40.11 ± 0.23 to 25.63 ± 0.07 nm, which is attributed to a change in the extent of super heating with particle size. Nanosized powders of Ni-Fe alloy with a mean particle size between 25.91 ± 0.24 and 26.30 ± 0.26 nm were also successfully fabricated and found to consist of particles with a γ-(Ni/Fe) core and FeO shell. The reliability for the optimization of processing parameters to control particle sizes is also evaluated.

  17. Cl K-edge XANES spectra of atmospheric rust on Fe, Fe-Cr and Fe-Ni alloys exposed to saline environment

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Konishi, Hiroyuki; Mizuki, Jun'ichiro; Yamashita, Masato; Uchida, Hitoshi

    2004-01-01

    Cl K-edge XANES measurements of atmospheric corrosion products (rust) formed on Fe, Fe-Ni and Fe-Cr alloys in chloride pollution have been performed using synchrotron radiation in order to clarify roles of anticorrosive alloying elements and of Cl in the corrosion resistance of weathering steel. The spectra of binary alloys show a shoulder structure near the absorption edge. The intensity of the shoulder peak depends on the kind and amount of the alloying element, whereas the energy position is invariant. This indicates that Cl is not combined directly with alloying elements in the rust. (author)

  18. Preparation of metastable CoFeNi alloys with ultra-high magnetic saturation (Bs = 2.4-2.59 T) by reverse pulse electrodeposition

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tabakovic, Ibro; Venkatasamy, Venkatram

    2018-04-01

    The results of reverse pulse electrodeposition of CoFeNi films with ultra-high magnetic saturation, i.e. Bs values between 2.4 and 2.59 T, are presented in this work. Based on valence-bond theory (Hund's rule) it was assumed that the electronic configuration of MOH obtained by one electron reduction of electroactive intermediate (MOH+ads + e → MOHads) or oxidation of metal (M - e + HOH → MOH + H+) would result with larger number of spins per atom for each of transition metals in MOH-precipitated in CoFeNi deposit- with one more spin than their respective neutral metal in the order: Fe > Co > Ni. The experimental results showed that the increase of Bs value above Slater-Pauling curve was not observed for CoFe alloys, thus FeOH and CoOH compounds were not present in deposit. However, the increase of the Bs values above the Slater-Pauling curve (Bs = 2.4-2.59 T) was observed, for CoFeNi films obtained by reverse pulse electrodeposition. Therefore, NiOH as a stable compound is probably formed in a one-electron oxidation step during anodic pulse oxidation reaction precipitated presumably at the grain boundaries, giving rise to the ultra-high magnetic saturation of CoFeNi films. The effects of experimental conditions on elemental composition, magnetic properties, crystal structure, and thermal stability of CoFeNi films were studied.

  19. Processing and characterization of AlCoFeNiXTi0,5 (X = Mn, V) high entropy alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Triveno Rios, C.; Kiminami, C.S.

    2014-01-01

    The microstructure of high entropy alloys consists of solid solution phases with FC and BCC simple structures, contrary to classical metallurgy where they form complex structures of intermetallic compounds. Because of this they have several attractive properties for engineering applications. In this work the AlCoFeNiMnTi 0,5 and AlCoFeNiVTi 0,5 alloys were processed by melting arc. Since the main objective was the microstructural and mechanical characterization of ingots as-cast. The alloys were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, microhardness and cold compression test. The results showed that the microstructure consists mainly of dendrites and interdendritic regions consisting of metastable crystalline phases. It was also observed that the AlCoFeNiVTi 0,5 alloy showed better mechanical properties than the AlCoFeNiMnTi 0,5 alloy. This may be associated with differences in the parameters of formation of simple solid solution phases between the two alloys. (author)

  20. Magnetic and frequency properties for nanocrystalline Fe-Ni alloys prepared by high-energy milling method

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liu Yongsheng; Zhang Jincang; Yu, Liming; Jia Guangqiang; Jing Chao; Cao Shixun

    2005-01-01

    Fe-based nano-crystalline soft magnetic alloy with Ni-doping was fabricated successfully by high-energy milling. It was proved that a Fe-Ni solid solution is formed and the evaluated average grain size is about 20 nm. The effect of doping Ni on the frequency properties was systematically investigated. From the magnetic measurement results, it can be concluded that, the nickel doped decreases the resonance frequency of Fe-Ni alloy, but Ni doping enhances the frequency stability. The corresponding value of initial permeability as a function of Ni doping concentration was given at 10 kHz and the result indicates that the peak value of initial permeability shifts to the region of low Ni concentration for the samples milled for 72 h

  1. A CEMS study of surface oxidation of Fe-Ni alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cruz, B.; Tabares, J.A.; Bohorquez, A.; Perez Alcazar, G.A.

    1997-01-01

    A study by conversion electron Moessbauer spectroscopy (CEMS) carried out by using a parallel plate avalanche counter with samples of Fe-Ni alloys (50 and 65 at.% Fe) is reported. Each sample was analyzed without oxidation and after heating it under an oxygen atmosphere at 200 C. All CEMS measurements were carried out at room temperature. In both samples (50 and 65 at.% Fe), without oxidation and after oxidation, the Moessbauer spectra showed a six line magnetic spectrum according to their ferromagnetic character, with a broad hyperfine field distribution (HFD), according to the disordered character of the alloys. The obtained mean hyperfine field (MHF) for the sample 50 at.% Fe was 30.9 T, meanwhile for the invar composition (65 at.% Fe) was 25.5 T, which is close to values previously reported by transmission Moessbauer spectroscopy (TMS). Results from the treated samples (with oxidation at 200 C) showed a difference in the surface composition as a result of this process. In the 50 at.% Fe sample, additionally appeared a double that could be assigned to an oxihydroxide of Fe 3+ . Otherwise, the 65 at.% Fe sample (invar) presented ferromagnetic oxides (α-Fe 2 O 3 and Fe 3 O 4 ) with a large relative area (82.5%). (orig.)

  2. The effect of alloying elements on the vacancy defect evolution in electron-irradiated austenitic Fe-Ni alloys studied by positron annihilation

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Druzhkov, A.P. [Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Branch RAS, 18 Kovalevskaya St., 620041 Ekaterinburg (Russian Federation)], E-mail: druzhkov@imp.uran.ru; Perminov, D.A.; Davletshin, A.E. [Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Branch RAS, 18 Kovalevskaya St., 620041 Ekaterinburg (Russian Federation)

    2009-01-31

    The vacancy defect evolution under electron irradiation in austenitic Fe-34.2 wt% Ni alloys containing oversized (aluminum) and undersized (silicon) alloying elements was investigated by positron annihilation spectroscopy at temperatures between 300 and 573 K. It is found that the accumulation of vacancy defects is considerably suppressed in the silicon-doped alloy. This effect is observed at all the irradiation temperatures. The obtained results provide evidence that the silicon-doped alloy forms stable low-mobility clusters involving several Si and interstitial atoms, which are centers of the enhanced recombination of migrating vacancies. The clusters of Si-interstitial atoms also modify the annealing of vacancy defects in the Fe-Ni-Si alloy. The interaction between small vacancy agglomerates and solute Al atoms is observed in the Fe-Ni-Al alloy under irradiation at 300-423 K.

  3. The influence of temperature on σ-phase formation and the resulting hardening of Fe-Cr-Mo-alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Waanders, F.B.; Vorster, S.W.; Pollak, H.

    1999-01-01

    Hardening in Fe-Cr-Mo-alloys due to the formation of σ-phase, has been the subject of theoretical and experimental interest. In the present investigation Fe-Cr-alloys containing 0, 2, 4 and 6% Mo were prepared and were fully transformed to the σ-phase by isothermally annealing the samples for various periods at temperatures of 600-800 deg. C. After each annealing cycle room temperature CEMS-spectra were recorded and micro-hardness tests were performed. The micro-hardness increases with annealing time and temperature, in accordance with the fraction of σ-phase present, and ranged from about 140 HV to 200 HV. From the measurements, activation energies were also deduced

  4. Impact of the B2 ordering behavior on the mechanical properties of a FeCoMo alloy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Turk, C., E-mail: chris.turk@unileoben.ac.at [Montanuniversität Leoben, Department of Physical Metallurgy and Materials Testing, Franz-Josef Straße 18, 8700 Leoben (Austria); Leitner, H.; Kellezi, G. [Böhler Edelstahl GmbH & Co KG, Mariazellerstraße 25, 8605 Kapfenberg (Austria); Clemens, H. [Montanuniversität Leoben, Department of Physical Metallurgy and Materials Testing, Franz-Josef Straße 18, 8700 Leoben (Austria); Gan, W.M.; Staron, P. [German Engineering Materials Science Centre, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, D-21502 Geesthacht (Germany); Primig, S. [Montanuniversität Leoben, Department of Physical Metallurgy and Materials Testing, Franz-Josef Straße 18, 8700 Leoben (Austria)

    2016-04-26

    A Fe - 25 at% Co - 9 at% Mo alloy can be hardened by nm-sized (Fe, Co){sub 7}Mo{sub 6} µ-phase precipitates which is accomplished by solution annealing in the austenite region followed by rapid quenching to room temperature and subsequent aging below the austenite transition temperature. In overaged condition the Mo-content in the remaining matrix drops towards zero and, therefore, the matrix consist of 71 at% Fe and 29 at% Co. The binary Fe-Co system shows a disorder-order, A2↔B2 transition at a critical ordering temperature between 25 at% and 72 at% Co. It is expected that the remaining matrix of an overaged Fe - 25 at% Co - 9 at% Mo alloy also exhibits such an ordering reaction. It will be demonstrated that the formation of a B2 ordered FeCo phase can be delayed or completely prevented by rapid quenching from temperatures above the critical ordering temperature. This has a strong impact on the mechanical properties of this alloy which have been studied by means of tensile, impact toughness and hardness testing. The evidence for a disorder-order transition in this alloy has been given by neutron diffraction as well as high resolution transmission electron microscopy.

  5. Production and characterization of stainless steel based Fe-Cr-Ni-Mn-Si(-Co) shape memory alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Otubo, J.

    1995-01-01

    It is well known that the Fe based alloys can exhibit shape memory effect due to the γ to ε martensitic transformation. The effect may not be as striking as observed in the NiTi alloy but it might become attractive from the practical point of view. In this work, two compositions of Fe-Cr-Ni-Mn-Si(-Co) stainless steel based shape memory alloy, prepared by the VIM technique, will be presented. The results are good with shape recovery of 95% for a pre-strain of 4% after some training cycles. In terms of workability the alloys produced are worse than the usual AISI304. However, adjusting the thermo-mechanical processing, it is perfectly possible to produce wire as thin as 1,20mm in dia. or down. (orig.)

  6. Surface of Ti-Ni alloys after their preparation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Saldan, I.; Frenzel, J.; Shekhah, O.; Chelmowski, R.; Birkner, A.; Woell, Ch.

    2009-01-01

    The Ti 3.87 Ni 1.73 Fe 0.7 O 0.3, Ti 3.87 Ni 1.73 Fe 0.4 N 0.3 and Ti 3.87 Ni 1.73 Fe 0.4 C 0.3 alloys were investigated regarding their surface characteristics. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was used for phase characterization. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to analyze the chemical composition of alloy surface. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) to observe alloy surface topography after cutting and electrochemical polishing separately has been done. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with X-ray diffraction was carried out to get a high contrast images and the diffraction pattern from alloy surface. The results clearly shown, that all alloys were multiphase, and their surface was totally oxidized with no pure metals

  7. Investigation of the structure and properties of the titanium alloy of the Ti-Al-Mo-V-Fe-Cu-Zr-Sn system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Moiseev, V.N.; Dolzhanskij, Yu.M.; Zakharov, Yu.I.; Znamenskaya, E.V.

    1979-01-01

    The alloys of martensitic type in the Ti-Al-Mo-V-Fe-Cu-Zr-Sn system after heat treatment are investigated. To determine the composition of the titanium alloy methods of mathematical planning of the experiment are applied. Results of mechanical tests of the alloys are presented, as well as coefficients of models for the properties, calculated according to these data. The investigation establishes the composition of a high-strength titanium alloy of a martensitic type, containing 4.5-60 % Al, 2.0-4.0 % Mo, 0.5-1.9 % V, 0.3-1.5 % Fe, 0.3-1.5 % Cu, 1.5-3.0 % Sn, 2.0-4.0 % Zr. The semiproducts, produced by deformation in β-field, after heat treatment have an ultimate strength >=120 kg/mm 2 , satisfactory ductility and reliability. The alloy possesses rather a high heat resistance and can be operated at 400-500 deg C

  8. THE BEHAVIOR OF SOLUBLE METALS ELUTED FROM Ni/Fe-BASED ALLOY REACTORS AFTER HIGH-TEMPERATURE AND HIGH-PRESSURE WATER PROCESS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. Faisal

    2012-05-01

    Full Text Available The behavior of heavy metals eluted from the wall of Ni/Fe-based alloy reactors after high-temperature and high-pressure water reaction were studied at temperatures ranging from 250 to 400oC. For this purpose, water and cysteic acid were heated in two reactor materials which are SUS 316 and Inconel 625. Under the tested conditions, the erratic behaviors of soluble metals eluted from the wall of Ni/Fe-based alloy in high temperature water were observed. Results showed that metals could be eluted even at a short contact time. The presence of air also promotes elution at sub-critical conditions. At sub-critical conditions, a significant amount of Cr was extracted from SUS 316, while only traces of Ni, Fe, Mo and Mn were eluted. In contrast, Ni was removed in significant amounts compared to Cr when Inconel 625 was tested. It was observed that eluted metals tend to increased under acidic conditions and most of those metals were over the limit of WHO guideline for drinking water. The results are significant both on the viewpoint of environmental regulation on disposal of wastes containing heavy metals, toxicity of resulting product and catalytic effect on a particular reaction.

  9. Effect of Heat Treatment on Morphology of Fe-Rich Intermetallics in Hypereutectic Al-Si-Cu-Ni Alloy with 1.26 pct Fe

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sha, Meng; Wu, Shusen; Wan, Li; Lü, Shulin

    2013-12-01

    Cobalt is generally considered as the element that can neutralize the negative effects of iron in Al alloys, such as inducing fracture and failure for stress concentration. Nevertheless, Fe-rich intermetallics would be inclined to form coarse plate-like δ-Al4(Fe, Co, Ni)Si2 particles when the content of Fe was high, which could also cause inferior mechanical properties. The dissolution and transformation of δ-Al4(Fe, Co, Ni)Si2 phase in solution heat-treated samples of Al-20Si-1.85Cu-1.05Ni-1.26Fe-1.35Co alloy were studied using optical microscopy, image analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The effects of solution heat treatment time ranging from 0 to 9 hours at 783.15 K (510 °C) on mechanical properties were also investigated. The coarse plate-like δ-Al4(Fe, Co, Ni)Si2 particles varied slowly through concurrent dissolution along widths and at the plate tips as solution treatment time increased, which could be explained from diffusion-induced grain boundary migration. Solution heat treatment also has an important influence on mechanical properties. The maximum ultimate tensile strength and yield strength after T6 treatment were 258 and 132 MPa, respectively, while the maximum hardness was 131 HB. Compared with those of the samples in the as-cast state, they increased by 53, 42, and 28 pct, respectively. Moreover, δ-Al4(Fe, Co, Ni)Si2 phase, which appears as a coarse plate-like particle in two dimensions, is actually a cuboid in three dimensions. The length of this cuboid is close to the width, while the height is much smaller.

  10. 57Fe Moessbauer studies on Ni-Mo system in the critical region

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Das, D.; Chintalapudi, S.N.; Mukhopadhyay, P.K.; Mookerjee, A.; Mukherjee, G.D.

    2001-01-01

    Disordered magnetic system NiMo is investigated in the critical region (Mo concentration 10 and 11 wt %) using Moessbauer spectroscopy as a local probe. 57 Co activity has been diffused in the alloy and is used at the source while stainless steel is used as standard absorber. Moessbauer spectrum of the alloy showed a sharp singlet at room temperature which indicates that 57 Co atoms have gone to the substitutional site. Below 200 K, Moessbauer spectra indicate complicated hyperfine interactions and more than one magnetic phase in the samples. Moessbauer results are corroborated by ac susceptibility, resistivity and positron annihilation Doppler broadening measurements. (author)

  11. The scale constituents and spalling characteristics of Ni-Fe(O-60%) alloys oxidized in air at 800-12000C

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tomlinson, W.J.; Gardner, M.J.; Kowalski, R.J.

    1977-01-01

    The spalling behaviour of scales on Ni-Fe alloys containing 0, 2, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60% Fe oxidized in air at 900, 1000, 1100 and 1200 0 C for periods up to 165 h have been investigated. The phases present and their relative amounts in the scales formed at 1200 0 C have been determined. Spalling was most severe in the Ni-30% Fe alloy, which had a scale consisting of 30% Nisub(x)Fesub(3-x)O 4 and 70% Nisub(1-x)Fesub(x)O. (author)

  12. Features of Pd-Ni-Fe solder system for vacuum brazing of low alloy steels

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Radzievskij, V.N.; Kurochko, R.S.; Lotsmanov, S.N.; Rymar', V.I.

    1975-01-01

    The brazing solder of the Pd-Ni-Fe alloyed with copper and lithium, in order to decrease the melting point and provide for a better spreading, when soldered in vacuum ensures a uniform strength of soldered joints with the base metal of low-alloyed steels of 34KHNIM-type. The properties of low-alloyed steel joints brazed with the Pd-Ni-Fe-system solder little depend on the changes in the soldering parameters. The soldered joint keeps a homogeneous structure after all the stages of heat treatment (annealing, quenching and tempering)

  13. Helium accumulation and bubble formation in FeCoNiCr alloy under high fluence He+ implantation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Da; Tong, Y.; Li, H.; Wang, J.; Zhao, Y. L.; Hu, Alice; Kai, J. J.

    2018-04-01

    Face-centered cubic (FCC) high-entropy alloys (HEA), as emerging alloys with equal-molar or near equal-molar constituents, show a promising radiation damage resistance under heavy ion bombardment, making them potential for structural material application in next-generation nuclear reactors, but the accumulation of light helium ions, a product of nuclear fission reaction, has not been studied. The present work experimentally studied the helium accumulation and bubble formation at implantation temperatures of 523 K, 573 K and 673 K in a homogenized FCC FeCoNiCr HEA, a HEA showing excellent radiation damage resistance under heavy ion irradiation. The size and population density of helium bubbles in FeCoNiCr samples were quantitatively analyzed through transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the helium content existing in bubbles were estimated from a high-pressure Equation of State (EOS). We found that the helium diffusion in such condition was dominated by the self-interstitial/He replacement mechanism, and the corresponding activation energy in FeCoNiCr is comparable with the vacancy migration energy in Ni and austenitic stainless steel but only 14.3%, 31.4% and 51.4% of the accumulated helium precipitated into helium bubbles at 523 K, 573 K and 673 K, respectively, smaller than the pure Ni case. Importantly, the small bubble size suggested that FeCoNiCr HEA has a high resistance of helium bubble formation compared with Ni and steels.

  14. Effect of Manganese on Microstructures and Solidification Modes of Cast Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-Ni Shape Memory Alloys

    Science.gov (United States)

    Peng, Huabei; Wen, Yuhua; Du, Yangyang; Yu, Qinxu; Yang, Qin

    2013-10-01

    We investigated microstructures and solidification modes of cast Fe-(13-27)Mn-5.5Si-8.5Cr-5Ni shape memory alloys to clarify whether Mn was an austenite former during solidification. Furthermore, we examined whether the Creq/Nieq equations (Delong, Hull, Hammer and WRC-1992 equations) and Thermo-Calc software® together with database TCFE6 were valid to predict the solidification modes of cast Fe-(13-27)Mn-5.5Si-8.5Cr-5Ni shape memory alloys. The results have shown that the solidification modes of Fe-(13-27)Mn-5.5Si-8.5Cr-5Ni alloys changed from the F mode to the FA mode with increasing the Mn concentration. Mn is an austenite former during the solidification for the cast Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-Ni shape memory alloys. The Delong, Hull, Hammer, and WRC-1992 equations as well as Thermo-Calc software® together with database TCFE6 are invalid to predict the solidification modes of cast Fe-(13-27)Mn-5.5Si-8.5Cr-5Ni SMAs. To predict the solidification modes of cast Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-Ni alloys, a new Creq/Nieq equation should be developed or the thermodynamic database of Thermo-Calc software® should be corrected.

  15. Preparation of NiFe binary alloy nanocrystals for nonvolatile memory applications

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    2010-01-01

    In this work,an idea which applies binary alloy nanocrystal floating gate to nonvolatile memory application was introduced.The relationship between binary alloy’s work function and its composition was discussed theoretically.A nanocrystal floating gate structure with NiFe nanocrystals embedded in SiO2 dielectric layers was fabricated by magnetron sputtering.The micro-structure and composition deviation of the prepared NiFe nanocrystals were also investigated by TEM and EDS.

  16. Resistivity and Passivity Characterization of Ni-Base Glassy Alloys in NaOH Media

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Khadijah M. Emran

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available Resistivity and passivation behavior of two Ni-base bulk metallic glasses, with the nominal composition of Ni70Cr21Si0.5B0.5P8C ≤ 0.1Co ≤ 1Fe ≤ 1 (VZ1 and Ni72.65Cr7.3-Si6.7B2.15C ≤ 0.06Fe8.2Mo3 (VZ2, in various concentrations of NaOH solutions were studied. The investigations involved cyclic polarization (CP, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS, and electrochemical frequency modulation (EFM methods. Cyclic polarization measurements showed spontaneous passivation for both Ni-base glassy alloys at all alkaline concentrations, due to the presence of chromium as an alloying element that formed an oxide film on the alloy surface. The EIS analysis showed that the passive layers grown on the two Ni-base glassy alloy surfaces are formed by a double oxide layer structure. Scanning electron microscope (SEM examinations of the electrode surface showed Cr, Ni, Fe, and O rich corrosion products that reduced the extent of corrosion damage. Atomic force microscopy (AFM imaging technique was used to evaluate the topographic and morphologic features of surface layers formed on the surface of the alloys.

  17. Corrosion effect on the electrochemical properties of LaNi3.55Mn0.4Al0.3Co0.75 and LaNi3.55Mn0.4Al0.3Fe0.75 negative electrodes used in Ni-MH batteries

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Khaldi, Chokri; Boussami, Sami; Rejeb, Borhene Ben; Mathlouthi, Hamadi; Lamloumi, Jilani

    2010-01-01

    The thermodynamic parameters, electrochemical capacity, equilibrium potential and the equilibrium pressure, of LaNi 3.55 Mn 0.4 Al 0.3 Co 0.75 and LaNi 3.55 Mn 0.4 Al 0.3 Fe 0.75 alloys have been evaluated from the electrochemical isotherms (C/30 and OCV methods) and CV technique. A comparative study has been done between the parameter values deduced from the electrochemical methods and the solid-gas method. The parameter values deduced from the electrochemical methods are influenced by the electrochemical corrosion of the alloys in aqueous KOH electrolyte. The corrosion behaviour of the LaNi 3.55 Mn 0.4 Al 0.3 Co 0.75 and LaNi 3.55 Mn 0.4 Al 0.3 Fe 0.75 electrodes after activation was investigated using the method of the potentiodynamic polarization. The variation of current and potential corrosion values with the state of charge (SOC) show that the substitution of cobalt by iron accentuates the corrosion process. The high-rate dischargeability (HRD) of the LaNi 3.55 Mn 0.4 Al 0.3 Co 0.75 and LaNi 3.55 Mn 0.4 Al 0.3 Fe 0.75 alloys was examined. By increasing the discharge current the (HRD) decrease linearly for both the alloys and for the LaNi 3.55 Mn 0.4 Al 0.3 Fe 0.75 compound is greater then for the LaNi 3.55 Mn 0.4 Al 0.3 Co 0.75 one.

  18. Low temperature thermal conductivity of amorphous (Fe, Ni, Co) (P, B, Si) alloys and their change by heat treatment

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pompe, G.; Gaafar, M.; Buettner, P.; Francke, T.

    1983-01-01

    The thermal conductivity of amorphous metallic alloys (Fe, Ni, Co)/sub 1-x/ (B, P, Si)/sub x/ is measured in the temperature range 2 to 100 K in the as-produced and heat-treated states. By taking into account the results of Matey and Anderson the influence of the nature of the metalloid and the number of metallic components can be discussed. The change of the thermal conductivity due to a structural relaxation caused by a heat treatment is very different. In the whole range of temperature a rise of the phonon thermal conductivity of the Fe-Co-B alloy is obtained, whereas no change is observed for the Fe-B alloy. At low temperature ( 80 B 20 is investigated. (author)

  19. Physical and Mechanical Properties of LoVAR: A New Lightweight Particle-Reinforced Fe-36Ni Alloy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Stephenson, Timothy; Tricker, David; Tarrant, Andrew; Michel, Robert; Clune, Jason

    2015-01-01

    Fe-36Ni is an alloy of choice for low thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) for optical, instrument and electrical applications in particular where dimensional stability is critical. This paper outlines the development of a particle-reinforced Fe-36Ni alloy that offers reduced density and lower CTE compared to the matrix alloy. A summary of processing capability will be given relating the composition and microstructure to mechanical and physical properties.

  20. Nanocrystalline electrodeposited Ni-Mo-C cathodes for hydrogen production

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hashimoto, K.; Sasaki, T.; Meguro, S.; Asami, K.

    2004-01-01

    Tailoring active nickel alloy cathodes for hydrogen evolution in a hot concentrated hydroxide solution was attempted by electrodeposition. The carbon addition to Ni-Mo alloys decreased the nanocrystalline grain size and remarkably enhanced the activity for hydrogen evolution, changing the mechanism of hydrogen evolution. The Tafel slope of hydrogen evolution was about 35 mV per decade. This suggested that the rate-determining step is desorption of adsorbed hydrogen atoms by recombination. As was distinct from the binary Ni-Mo alloys, after open circuit immersion, the overpotential, that is, the activity of nanocrystalline Ni-Mo-C alloys for hydrogen evolution was not changed, indicating the sufficient durability in the practical electrolysis

  1. Fabrication of metallic alloy powder (Ni{sub 3}Fe) from Fe–77Ni scrap

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Seo, Inseok [ES Materials Research Center, Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Incheon 406-840 (Korea, Republic of); Shin, Shun-Myung [Extractive Metallurgy Department, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Deajeon 305-350 (Korea, Republic of); Ha, Sang-An [Department of Environmental Engineering, Silla University, Busan 46958 (Korea, Republic of); Wang, Jei-Pil, E-mail: jpwang@pknu.ac.kr [Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-739 (Korea, Republic of)

    2016-06-15

    The oxidation behavior of Fe–77Ni alloy scrap was investigated at an oxygen partial pressure of 0.2 atm and temperatures ranging from 400 °C to 900 °C. The corresponding oxidation rate increased with increasing temperature and obeyed the parabolic rate law, as evidenced by its linear proportionality to the temperature. In addition, surface morphologies, cross-sectional views, compositions, structural properties were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Diffusion through either the spinel structure or the NiO layer, which were both present in the alloy during oxidation at elevated temperatures, was deemed the rate-limiting step of the reaction. The oxide powder less than 10 μm was obtained from Fe–77Ni alloy scrap was obtained using ball-milling and sieving processes. In fact, 15 h of milling yielded a recovery ratio of 97%. Using hydrogen gas, the oxide powder was successfully reduced to an alloy powder of Ni{sub 3}Fe and reduction rates of ∼97% were achieved after 3 h at 1000 °C. - Highlights: • The oxidation behavior of Fe–77Ni alloy scrap was investigated. • The oxide powder less than 10 μm was obtained from Fe–77Ni alloy scrap. • Using hydrogen gas, the oxide powder was successfully reclaimed. • Reduction rates of ∼97% were achieved after 3 h at 1000 °C.

  2. Synthesis, crystallization behavior and surface modification of Ni-Cr-Si-Fe amorphous alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Iqbal, M.; Akhter, J.I.; Rajput, M.U.; Mahmood, K.; Hussain, Z.; Hussain, S.; Rafiq, M.

    2011-01-01

    A quaternary Ni/sub 86/Cr/sub 7/Si/sub 4/Fe/sub 3/ amorphous alloy was synthesized by melt spinning technique. Surface modification was done by electron beam melting (EBM), neutron irradiation and gamma-rays. Microstructure of as cast, annealed and modified samples was examined by scanning electron microscope. Crystallization behavior was studied by annealing the samples in vacuum at different temperatures in the range 773-1073 K. Techniques of X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used for characterization. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was conducted at various heating rates in the range 10-40 K/min. Thermal parameters like glass transition temperature T/sub g/, crystallization temperature T/sub x/, supercooled liquid region delta T/sub x/ and reduced glass transition temperature T/sub rg/ were measured. The Ni/sub 86/Cr/sub 7/Si/sub 4/Fe/sub 3/ alloy exhibits wide supercooled liquid region of 60 K indicating good thermal stability. The activation energy was calculated to be 160 +- 4 kJ/mol using Kissinger and Ozawa equations respectively which indicates high resistance against crystallization. The XRD results of the samples annealed at 773 K, 923 K, 973 K and 1073 K/20 min show nucleation of Ni/sub 2/Cr/sub 3/ and NiCrFe crystalline phases. Vickers microhardness of the as cast ribbon was measured to be 680. About 30-50 % increase in hardness was achieved by applying EBM technique. (author)

  3. Phase martensitic transformation study in mechanically alloyed Ti{sub 50}Ni{sub 25}Fe{sub 25} alloy via high pressure

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lima, Joao Cardoso de; Ferreira, Ailton da Silva, E-mail: joao.cardoso.lima@ufsc.br [Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis (Brazil); Rovani, Pablo Roberto; Pereira, Altair Soria [Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre (Brazil)

    2016-07-01

    Full text: Alloys based on titanium and nickel with shape memory effect (SME) have been widely investigated due to potential use in different areas of science and technology, such as electronics, medicine, and space.1 Among them, the superalloys Ti-Ni-Fe show high corrosion resistance and good mechanical properties even at high temperatures that make them suitable for use in applications such as power plant components that work under aggressive conditions. At room temperature, the TiNi alloy has a monoclinic (B19'), known as the martensitic phase. With increasing temperature, the B19' phase transforms into a trigonal/hexagonal (B19) phase, known as the R- or pre martensitic phase, which, in its turn, transforms into a cubic (B2) structure, known as the austenitic phase. On cooling to room temperature, the reverse B2→B19→B19' phase transformations are observed. Since the B19↔B19' transformation occurs at a temperature low enough to inhibit diffusion-controlled processes, it belongs to a class of diffusionless phase transformations known as martensitic transformations. For this study, a Ti{sub 50}Ni{sub 25}Fe{sub 25} (B2) alloy was prepared by mechanical alloying, and the effects of high pressures up to 18 GPa will be presented. The structural changes with increasing pressure were followed by recording in situ angle-dispersive X-ray diffraction (ADXRD) diffractograms, in transmission geometry, using a long fine focus Mo X-ray tube and an imaging plate detector. The obtained results were already reported in Ref [1]. (1) A. S. Ferreira, P. R. Rovani, J. C. de Lima, A. S. Pereira, J. Appl. Phys. 117 (2015). (author)

  4. The Structure and Mechanical Properties of Ni-Mo PM Steels with Addition of Mn And Cu

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lichańska, E.; Kulecki, P.; Pańcikiewicz, K.

    2017-12-01

    The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of chemical composition on the structure and mechanical properties of Mn-Ni-Mo and Ni-Mo-Cu PM steels. Pre-alloyed powder Astaloy 85Mo, diffusion alloyed powders Distaloy AQ and Distaloy AB produced by Höganäs, low carbon ferromanganese, carbonyl nickel powder T255 with three-dimensional filamentary structure and graphite CU-F have been used as the basic powders. Three mixtures with compositions of Fe-1%Mn-(0.5/1.75)%Ni-(0.5/0.85)%Mo-0.8%C and Fe-1.75%Ni-0.5%Mo-1.5%Cu-0.8%C were prepared in a Turbula mixer. Green compacts were single pressed in a steel die at 660 MPa according to PN-EN ISO 2740 standard. Sinterhardening was carried out at 1250°C in a mixture of 95% N2+5% H2 for 60 minutes. Mechanical tests (tensile, bend, hardness) and microstructural investigations were performed. Additionally, XRD and EDS analysis, fractographic investigations were carried out. The microstructures of steels investigated were mainly bainitic or bainitic-martensitic. Addition 1% Mn to Distaloy AQ based steel caused increase of tensile properties (YS from 422 to 489 MPa, UTS from 522 to 638 MPa, TRS from 901 to 1096 MPa) and decrease of plasticity (elongation from 3.65 to 2.84%).

  5. Interactions in the NiO-MoO3 system upon reduction

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Afanas'ev, P.V.; Tsurov, M.A.; Kostik, B.G.; Turakulova, A.O.

    1993-01-01

    Interactions in the system NiO-MoO 3 (MoO 2 ) heated in the air and in H 2 were studied by the methods of differential-thermal analysis, thermally programmed reduction, X-ray phase analysis and measurement of magnetization. In the presence of NiO the temperature of MoO 3 reduction start decreases by > 150 K. Simultaneously, in the range of temperatures 5730623 K inhibition of NiO reduction occurs, which is related to the formation of NiMo x alloy. For the samples of NiO+MoO 2 no inhibition of NiO reduction was detected, NiMo x alloy was formed after quantitative reduction of NiO

  6. Synthesis and Characterization of High-Entropy Alloy AlFeCoNiCuCr by Laser Cladding

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Xiaoyang Ye

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available High-entropy alloys have been recently found to have novel microstructures and unique properties. In this study, a novel AlFeCoNiCuCr high-entropy alloy was prepared by laser cladding. The microstructure, chemical composition, and constituent phases of the synthesized alloy were characterized by SEM, EDS, XRD, and TEM, respectively. High-temperature hardness was also evaluated. Experimental results demonstrate that the AlFeCoNiCuCr clad layer is composed of only BCC and FCC phases. The clad layers exhibit higher hardness at higher Al atomic content. The AlFeCoNiCuCr clad layer exhibits increased hardness at temperature between 400–700°C.

  7. Magnetic Properties of FeNi-Based Thin Film Materials with Different Additives

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cai Liang

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available This paper presents a study of FeNi-based thin film materials deposited with Mo, Al and B using a co-sputtering process. The existence of soft magnetic properties in combination with strong magneto-mechanical coupling makes these materials attractive for sensor applications. Our findings show that FeNi deposited with Mo or Al yields magnetically soft materials and that depositing with B further increases the softness. The out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy of FeNi thin films is reduced by depositing with Al and completely removed by depositing with B. The effect of depositing with Mo is dependent on the Mo concentration. The coercivity of FeNiMo and FeNiAl is reduced to less than a half of that of FeNi, and a value as low as 40 A/m is obtained for FeNiB. The surfaces of the obtained FeNiMo, FeNiAl and FeNiB thin films reveal very different morphologies. The surface of FeNiMo shows nano-cracks, while the FeNiAl films show large clusters and fewer nano-cracks. When FeNi is deposited with B, a very smooth morphology is obtained. The crystal structure of FeNiMo strongly depends on the depositant concentration and changes into an amorphous structure at a higher Mo level. FeNiAl thin films remain polycrystalline, even at a very high concentration of Al, and FeNiB films are amorphous, even at a very low concentration of B.

  8. Magnetic properties of FeNi-based thin film materials with different additives

    KAUST Repository

    Liang, C.

    2014-07-04

    This paper presents a study of FeNi-based thin film materials deposited with Mo, Al and B using a co-sputtering process. The existence of soft magnetic properties in combination with strong magneto-mechanical coupling makes these materials attractive for sensor applications. Our findings show that FeNi deposited with Mo or Al yields magnetically soft materials and that depositing with B further increases the softness. The out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy of FeNi thin films is reduced by depositing with Al and completely removed by depositing with B. The effect of depositing with Mo is dependent on the Mo concentration. The coercivity of FeNiMo and FeNiAl is reduced to less than a half of that of FeNi, and a value as low as 40 A/m is obtained for FeNiB. The surfaces of the obtained FeNiMo, FeNiAl and FeNiB thin films reveal very different morphologies. The surface of FeNiMo shows nano-cracks, while the FeNiAl films show large clusters and fewer nano-cracks. When FeNi is deposited with B, a very smooth morphology is obtained. The crystal structure of FeNiMo strongly depends on the depositant concentration and changes into an amorphous structure at a higher Mo level. FeNiAl thin films remain polycrystalline, even at a very high concentration of Al, and FeNiB films are amorphous, even at a very low concentration of B. 2014 by the authors.

  9. Room-temperature ferromagnetic transitions and the temperature dependence of magnetic behaviors in FeCoNiCr-based high-entropy alloys

    Science.gov (United States)

    Na, Suok-Min; Yoo, Jin-Hyeong; Lambert, Paul K.; Jones, Nicholas J.

    2018-05-01

    High-entropy alloys (HEAs) containing multiple principle alloying elements exhibit unique properties so they are currently receiving great attention for developing innovative alloy designs. In FeCoNi-based HEAs, magnetic behaviors strongly depend on the addition of alloying elements, usually accompanied by structural changes. In this work, the effect of non-magnetic components on the ferromagnetic transition and magnetic behaviors in equiatomic FeCoNiCrX (X=Al, Ga, Mn and Sn) HEAs was investigated. Alloy ingots of nominal compositions of HEAs were prepared by arc melting and the button ingots were cut into discs for magnetic measurements as functions of magnetic field and temperature. The HEAs of FeCoNiCrMn and FeCoNiCrSn show typical paramagnetic behaviors, composed of solid solution FCC matrix, while the additions of Ga and Al in FeCoNiCr exhibit ferromagnetic behaviors, along with the coexistence of FCC and BCC phases due to spinodal decomposition. The partial phase transition in both HEAs with the additions of Ga and Al would enhance ferromagnetic properties due to the addition of the BCC phase. The saturation magnetization for the base alloy FeCoNiCr is 0.5 emu/g at the applied field of 20 kOe (TC = 104 K). For the HEAs of FeCoNiCrGa and FeCoNiCrAl, the saturation magnetization significantly increased to 38 emu/g (TC = 703 K) and 25 emu/g (TC = 277 K), respectively. To evaluate the possibility of solid solution FCC and BCC phases in FeCoNiCr-type HEAs, we introduced a parameter of valence electron concentration (VEC). The proposed rule for solid solution formation by the VEC was matched with FeCoNiCr-type HEAs.

  10. Hyperfine Interactions and Some Magnetic Properties of Nanocrystalline Co40Fe50Ni10 and Co50Fe45Ni5 Alloys Prepared by Mechanical Synthesis and Subsequently Heat Treated

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pikula, T.; Oleszak, D.; Pekala, M.

    2011-01-01

    Co 40 Fe 50 Ni 10 and Co 50 Fe 45 Ni 5 ternary alloys were prepared by mechanical alloying method. To check the stability of their structure thermal treatment was applied subsequently. As X-ray diffraction studies proved the final products of milling were the solid solutions with bcc lattice and the average grain sizes ranged of tens of nanometers. After heating of the Co 50 Fe 45 Ni 5 alloy up to 993 K the mixture of two solid solutions with bcc and fcc lattices was formed. In other cases thermal treatment did not change the type of the crystalline lattice. Moessbauer spectroscopy revealed hyperfine magnetic field distributions which reflected the different possible atomic surroundings of 57 Fe isotopes. Results of the macroscopic magnetic measurements proved that both investigated alloys had relatively good soft magnetic properties. (authors)

  11. Effect of alloying elements on martensitic transformation in the binary NiAl(β) phase alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kainuma, R.; Ohtani, H.; Ishida, K.

    1996-01-01

    The characteristics of the B2(β) to L1 0 (β') martensitic transformation in NiAl base alloys containing a small amount of third elements have been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It is found that in addition to the normal L1 0 (3R) martensite, the 7R martensite is also present in the ternary alloys containing Ti, Mo, Ag, Ta, or Zr. While the addition of third elements X (X: Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ta, W, and Si) to the binary Ni 64 Al 36 alloy stabilizes the parent β phase, thereby lowering the M s temperature, addition of third elements such as Co, Cu, or Ag destabilizes the β phase, increasing the M s temperature. The occurrence of the 7R martensite structure is attributed to solid solution hardening arising from the difference in atomic size between Ni and Al and the third elements added. The variation in M s temperature with third element additions is primarily ascribed to the difference in lattice stabilities of the bcc and fcc phases of the alloying elements

  12. Cavitation erosion of Ti-Ni shape memory alloy deposited coatings and Fe base shape memory alloy solid

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hattori, Shuji; Fujisawa, Seiji; Owa, Tomonobu

    2007-01-01

    In this study, cavitation erosion tests were carried out by using thermal spraying and deposition of Ti-Ni shape memory alloy for the surface coating. The results show the test speciment of Ti-Ni thermal spraying has many initial defects, so that the erosion resistance is very low. The erosion resistance of Ti-Ni deposit is about 5-10 times higher than that of SUS 304, thus erosion resistance of Ti-Ni deposit is better than that of Ti-Ni thermal spraying. The cavitation erosion tests were carried out by using Fe-Mn-Si with shape memory and gunmetal with low elastic modulus. The erosion resistance of Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloy solid is about 9 times higher than that of SUS 304. The erosion resistance of gunmetal is almost the same as SUS 304, because the test specimen of gunmetal has many small defects on the original surface. (author)

  13. Photoabsorption coefficient of alloys at Al with transition metals V, Fe, Ni and with Cu and Pr from 30 eV to 150 eV photon energy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hagemann, H.J.; Gudat, W.; Kunz, C.

    1975-10-01

    The absorption coeffecient of VAl 3 , FeAl, NiAl, NiAl 3 , CuAl 2 , PrAl 2 and of disordered V-Al (16 at. % Al, 28 %, 41%) and Fe-Al (11%) alloys has been measured in the region of the Msub(2,3)-absorption of the transition metals and the L-absorption of Al. The strong changes of the Al spectrum in the region of the 100 eV maximum upon alloying are explained as another evidence of the EXAFS (extended X-ray absorption fine structure) nature of these structures. The broad, prominent absorption peaks from the 3p excitations in V and Fe and from the 4d excitations in Pr are influenced only little on alloying and thus appear to be of atomic origin. The fine structure at the onset of the Pr 4d-transitions is identical in the metal and the alloy but differs from that of Pr oxide. The only Msub(2,3)-edge which is detectably shifted is that if Ni (up to 2.1 eV), whereas the onset of the Al Lsub(2,3)-edge is shifted in all the alloys (up to 1.1 eV). The shifts are interpreted in accordance with X-ray fluorescence and nuclear resonance measurements as changes of the density of states in the valence band of the alloys. (orig.) [de

  14. The Microstructures and Electrical Resistivity of (Al, Cr, TiFeCoNiOx High-Entropy Alloy Oxide Thin Films

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Chun-Huei Tsau

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available The (Al, Cr, TiFeCoNi alloy thin films were deposited by PVD and using the equimolar targets with same compositions from the concept of high-entropy alloys. The thin films became metal oxide films after annealing at vacuum furnace for a period; and the resistivity of these thin films decreased sharply. After optimum annealing treatment, the lowest resistivity of the FeCoNiOx, CrFeCoNiOx, AlFeCoNiOx, and TiFeCoNiOx films was 22, 42, 18, and 35 μΩ-cm, respectively. This value is close to that of most of the metallic alloys. This phenomenon was caused by delaminating of the alloy oxide thin films because the oxidation was from the surfaces of the thin films. The low resistivity of these oxide films was contributed to the nonfully oxidized elements in the bottom layers and also vanishing of the defects during annealing.

  15. A study on the electrodeposition of NiFe alloy thin films using chronocoulometry and electrochemical quartz crystal microgravimetry

    CERN Document Server

    Myung, N S

    2001-01-01

    Ni, Fe and NiFe alloy thin films were electrodeposited at a polycrystalline Au surface using a range of electrolytes and potentials. Coulometry and EQCM were used for real-time monitoring of electroplating efficiency of the Ni and Fe. The plating efficiency of NiFe alloy thin films was computed with the aid of ICP spectrometry. In general, plating efficiency increased to a steady value with deposition time. Plating efficiency of Fe was lower than that of Ni at -0.85 and -1.0 V but the efficiency approached to the similar plateau value to that of Ni at more negative potentials. The films with higher content of Fe showed different stripping behavior from the ones with higher content of Ni. Finally, compositional data and real-time plating efficiency are presented for films electrodeposited using a range of electrolytes and potentials.

  16. [Co/Pd]4–Co–Pd–NiFe spring magnets with highly tunable and uniform magnetization tilt angles

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anh Nguyen, T.N.; Benatmane, N.; Fallahi, V.; Fang, Yeyu; Mohseni, S.M.; Dumas, R.K.; Åkerman, Johan

    2012-01-01

    By varying the Pd thickness (t Pd ) from 0 to 8 nm in [Co/Pd] 4 /Co/Pd(t Pd )/NiFe exchange springs, we demonstrate (i) continuous tailoring of the exchange coupling between a [Co/Pd] 4 /Co layer with perpendicular anisotropy, and a NiFe layer with an in-plane easy axis, (ii) tuning of the NiFe out-of-plane magnetization angle from 20 ○ to 80 ○ , and (iii) an up to two-fold increase in the NiFe damping. The partial decoupling also results in a highly uniform NiFe magnetization. These properties make [Co/Pd] 4 /Co/Pd(t Pd )/NiFe spring magnets ideal candidates for use as tilted polarizers, by combining stable and well-defined spin directions of its carriers with a high degree of angular freedom. - Highlights: ► Continuous tailoring of the exchange coupling between a [Co/Pd] 4 /Co layer and a NiFe layer. ►Tuning of the NiFe out-of-plane magnetization angle from 20° to 80°. ►A highly uniform NiFe magnetization. ►An up to two-fold increase in the NiFe damping.

  17. Stress Corrosion Cracking of Ni-Fe-Cr Alloys Relevant to Nuclear Power Plants

    Science.gov (United States)

    Persaud, Suraj

    Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of Ni-Fe-Cr alloys and weld metals was investigated in simulated environments representative of high temperature water used in the primary and secondary circuits of nuclear power plants. The mechanism of primary water SCC (PWSCC) was studied in Alloys 600, 690, 800 and Alloy 82 dissimilar metal welds using the internal oxidation model as a guide. Initial experiments were carried out in a 480°C hydrogenated steam environment considered to simulate high temperature reducing primary water. Ni alloys underwent classical internal oxidation intragranularly resulting in the expulsion of the solvent metal, Ni, to the surface. Selective intergranular oxidation of Cr in Alloy 600 resulted in embrittlement, while other alloys were resistant owing to their increased Cr contents. Atom probe tomography was used to determine the short-circuit diffusion path used for Ni expulsion at a sub-nanometer scale, which was concluded to be oxide-metal interfaces. Further exposures of Alloys 600 and 800 were done in 315°C simulated primary water and intergranular oxidation tendency was comparable to 480°C hydrogenated steam. Secondary side work involved SCC experiments and electrochemical measurements, which were done at 315°C in acid sulfate solutions. Alloy 800 C-rings were found to undergo acid sulfate SCC (AcSCC) to a depth of up to 300 microm in 0.55 M sulfate solution at pH 4.3. A focused-ion beam was used to extract a crack tip from a C-ring and high resolution analytical electron microscopy revealed a duplex oxide structure and the presence of sulfur. Electrochemical measurements were taken on Ni alloys to complement crack tip analysis; sulfate was concluded to be the aggressive anion in mixed sulfate and chloride systems. Results from electrochemical measurements and crack tip analysis suggested a slip dissolution-type mechanism to explain AcSCC in Ni alloys.

  18. Development of the dentistry alloy Ni-Cr-Nb; Desenvolvimento de ligas odontologicas Ni-Cr-Nb

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Souza, M.A.; Ramos, A.S.; Hashimoto, T.M., E-mail: mari_sou@hotmail.co [UNESP/FEG, Guaratingueta, SP (Brazil). Fac. de Engenharia. Dept. de Materiais e Tecnologia

    2010-07-01

    This work reports on the structural characterization of Ni-Cr-Mo and Ni-Cr-Nb alloys produced by arc melting. Samples were characterized by means of optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and EDS analysis. Results indicated that the arc melting process was efficient to produce homogeneous structures in Ni-Cr-Mo and Ni-Cr-Nb alloys. The nickel dissolved large amounts of Cr, Mo and Nb, which was detected by EDS analysis and X-ray diffraction. The alloy containing molybdenum indicated the presence of structure based on Ni{sub SS}, while that the alloys containing niobium presented primary grains of Ni{sub SS} and precipitates formed by the simultaneous transformation of the Ni and Ni{sub 3}Nb phases. (author)

  19. A novel high performance composite anode with in situ growth of Fe-Ni alloy nanoparticles for intermediate solid oxide fuel cells

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Li, Jingcheng; Yu, Yan; Yin, Yi-Mei; Zhou, Ning; Ma, Zi-Feng

    2017-01-01

    Highlights: • A composite anode with endogenous Fe-Ni alloy nanoparticles has been prepared. • The redox reversibility of the anode has been confirmed by XRD. • The E_a of H_2 oxidation at the anode is much smaller than that at Ni-YSZ anode. • A ScSZ supported cell achieves MPD of 0.71 Wcm"−"2 and R_p of 0.16 Ω cm"2 at 800 °C. • The single cell shows stable output during 105 h testing at 800 °C 0.7 V in wet H_2". - Abstract: A redox reversible composite anode with Fe-Ni alloy nanoparticles in situ growth on SrLaFeO_4-type and LaFeO_3-type oxide substrates has been prepared for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFC) by reducing perovskite precursor La_0_._4Sr_0_._6Fe_0_._7_5Ni_0_._1Nb_0_._1_5O_3_-_δ (LSFNNb) in wet H_2 at 900 °C for 1 h. The anode has shown an excellent electrochemical catalytic activity for oxidation of hydrogen with much smaller E_a (25.1 ∼ 68.9 kJ mol"−"1) than the value (>160 kJ mol"−"1) at Ni-YSZ anode. A scandium stabilized zirconia (ScSZ) electrolyte supported SOFC with the anode achieves maximum power densities of 0.71, 0.52, 0.35, and 0.21 W cm"−"2 at 800, 750, 700 and 650 °C, respectively in wet H_2 (3% H_2O), and the corresponding R_p of 0.16, 0.21, 0.35, and 0.60 Ω cm"2 under OCV. Moreover, the single cell shows stable power output during ∼105 h operation at 800 °C under 0.7 V in wet H_2 after a initial degradation, indicating that R-LSFNNb is an excellent candidate as anode of IT-SOFC.

  20. Development of weldable, corrosion-resistant iron-aluminide (FeAl) alloys

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Maziasz, P.J.; Goodwin, G.M.; Wang, X.L.; Alexander, D.J. [Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States)

    1997-04-01

    A boron-microalloyed FeAl alloy (Fe-36Al-0.2Mo-0.05Zr-0.13C, at.%, with 100-400 appm B) with improved weldability and mechanical properties was developed in FY 1994. A new scale-up and industry technology development phase for this work began in FY 1995, pursuing two parallel paths. One path was developing monolithic FeAl component and application technology, and the other was developing coating/cladding technology for alloy steels, stainless steels and other Fe-Cr-Ni alloys. In FY 1995, it was found that cast FeAl alloys had good strength at 700-750{degrees}C, and some (2.5%) ductility in air at room-temperature. Hot-extruded FeAl with refined grain size was found to have ductility and to also have good impact-toughness at room-temperature. Further, it was discovered that powder-metallurgy (P/M) FeAl, consolidated by direct hot-extrusion at 950-1000{degrees}C to have an ultra fine-grained microstructure, had the highest ductility, strength and impact-toughness ever seen in such intermetallic alloys.

  1. Nano-twin mediated plasticity in carbon-containing FeNiCoCrMn high entropy alloys

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wu, Z. [Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 (United States); Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 (United States); Parish, C.M. [Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 (United States); Bei, H., E-mail: beih@ornl.gov [Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 (United States)

    2015-10-25

    Equiatomic FeNiCoCrMn alloy has been reported to exhibit promising strength and ductility at cryogenic temperature and deformation mediated by nano-twining appeared to be one of the main reasons. We use the FeNiCoCrMn alloy as a base alloy to seek further improvement of its mechanical properties by alloying additional elements, i.e., interstitial carbon. The effects of carbon on microstructures, mechanical properties and twinning activities were investigated in two different temperatures (77 and 293 K). With addition of 0.5 at% C, the high entropy alloy still remains entirely single phase face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal structure. The materials can be cold rolled and recrystallized to produce a microstructure with equiaxed grains. Both strain hardening rate and strength are enhanced while high uniform elongations to fracture (∼70% at 77 K and ∼40% at 293 K) are still maintained. The increased strain hardening and strength could be caused by the promptness of deformation twinning in C-containing high entropy alloys. - Highlights: • Interstitial atom C was successfully added into FeNiCoCrMn high entropy alloys. • The strain hardening rate and strength are enhanced in the C-containing alloy. • The increased strain-hardening and strength are caused by the nano-twinning.

  2. Enhancing pitting corrosion resistance of AlxCrFe1.5MnNi0.5 high-entropy alloys by anodic treatment in sulfuric acid

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lee, C.P.; Chen, Y.Y.; Hsu, C.Y.; Yeh, J.W.; Shih, H.C.

    2008-01-01

    High-entropy alloys are a newly developed family of multi-component alloys that comprise various major alloying elements. Each element in the alloy system is present in between 5 and 35 at.%. The crystal structures and physical properties of high-entropy alloys differ completely from those of conventional alloys. The electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) of the Al x CrFe 1.5 MnNi 0.5 (x = 0, 0.3, 0.5) alloys, obtained in 0.1 M HCl solution, clearly revealed that the corrosion resistance values were determined to increase from 21 to 34 Ωcm 2 as the aluminum content increased from 0 to 0.5 mol, and were markedly lower than that of 304 stainless steel (243 Ωcm 2 ). At passive potential, the corresponding current declined with the anodizing time accounting, causing passivity by the growth of the multi-component anodized film in H 2 SO 4 solution. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses revealed that the surface of anodized Al 0.3 CrFe 1.5 MnNi 0.5 alloy formed aluminum and chromium oxide film which was the main passivating compound on the alloy. This anodic treatment increased the corrosion resistance in the EIS measurements of the CrFe 1.5 MnNi 0.5 and Al 0.3 CrFe 1.5 MnNi 0.5 alloys by two orders of magnitude. Accordingly, the anodic treatment of the Al x CrFe 1.5 MnNi 0.5 alloys optimized their surface structures and minimized their susceptibility to pitting corrosion

  3. Nd Fe{sub 10} Mo{sub 2} alloys production through reduction-diffusion for nitrogenation; Obtencao de ligas NdFe{sub 10}Mo{sub 2} por reducao-difusao para posterior nitrogenacao

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Guilherme, Eneida da G. [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil); Rechenberg, Hercilio R. [Sao Paulo Univ., SP (Brazil). Inst. de Fisica

    1996-12-31

    In this work we have examined the effect of various processing variables on the Nd Fe{sub 10} Mo{sub 2} phase formation by reduction-diffusion calciothermic process (R D C). The best results were obtained for 4 hours treatment at 950 deg C with 40% excess content Nd Cl{sub 3} and 50% excess content of Ca, for alloy Nd Fe{sub 10.5} Mo{sub 1.5}. Preliminary nitrogen absorption experiments have been done, without any further powder size reduction at temperatures between 300 and 350 deg C. (author) 9 refs., 6 figs., 1 tab.

  4. Microstructure Evolution and Chemical Analysis on Carbon Steels and Fe-Cr-Mo Alloys after FAC Simulation Tests

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kim, Seunghyun; Kim, Taeho; Lee, Yun Ju; Kim, Ji Hyun

    2017-01-01

    Flow-accelerated corrosion (FAC) is an environment assisted degradation of structural materials, which usually occurs in pipelines of power plants. There have been many studies to investigate the fundamental mechanism and corresponding countermeasures against FAC, and recently the carbon steels have been replaced by ASTM A 335 P22, which contains approximately 2.2 wt.% of Cr and 1 wt.% of Mo. By enhancing passivity of P22 by Cr, it is reported that FAC rate has been greatly reduced. However, while corrosion behavior of Fe-based alloys is relatively well known, their behavior under high-temperature flowing water is not well investigated. In other words, effects of Cr and its corrosion and oxidation behavior is not clearly revealed. Furthermore, it is known that Mo enhances the pitting corrosion resistance of alloys however its mechanism is not clearly investigated. Recently, replacement of Mo in alloy contents has been widely studied because of the cost of Mo. Carbon steels undergo severe environmental-assisted degradation behavior so called FAC, and as its countermeasure the carbon steel has been replaced by P22 which contains Cr and Mo. It is generally known that Cr and Mo enhances passivity of Fe-based alloys however their corrosion and oxidation behavior has not been fully investigated especially in high-temperature flowing water environments. In this study, we employed HRTEM and synchrotron XAS techniques in order to investigate detailed microstructure evolution and chemical bonding of the commercialized carbon steel and the Fe-Cr-Mo alloys. From the analysis, it is found that while carbon steels exhibit porous oxide P22 exhibit oxide structures with thin Cr-rich oxide and spinel. Therefore, carbon steel undergoes severe FAC compared to P22 however effects of Cr and Mo and their behavior in high-temperature flowing water will be investigated.

  5. Microstructural characterisation of high-entropy alloy AlCoCrFeNi fabricated by laser engineered net shaping

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kunce, I., E-mail: ikunce@wat.edu.pl [Department of Advanced Materials and Technology, Military University of Technology, 2 Kaliskiego Str., 01-908 Warsaw (Poland); Polanski, M.; Karczewski, K. [Department of Advanced Materials and Technology, Military University of Technology, 2 Kaliskiego Str., 01-908 Warsaw (Poland); Plocinski, T.; Kurzydlowski, K.J. [Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 141 Wołoska Str., 02-507 Warsaw (Poland)

    2015-11-05

    Laser engineered net shaping (LENS) was used to produce thin-walled samples of the high-entropy alloy AlCoCrFeNi from a prealloyed powder. To determine the effect of the cooling rate during solidification on the microstructure of the alloy, different laser scanning rates were used. A microstructural study of the surfaces of the sample walls was performed using X-ray diffraction analysis and optical and scanning/transmission electron microscopy. The crystal structure of the alloy was determined to be a body-centred cubic (bcc)-derivative B2-ordered type. The microstructure of the alloy produced by LENS was dendritic. Further, it was found that with an increase in the laser scanning rate from 2.5 to 40 mm s{sup −1}, the average grain size decreased from 108.3 ± 32.4 μm to 30.6 ± 9.2 μm. The maximum cooling rate achieved during the laser cladding of the alloy was 44 × 10{sup 3} K s{sup −1}. The electron microscopy study of the alloy showed the presence of precipitates. The morphology of the disordered bcc (Fe, Cr)-rich precipitates in the ordered B2 (Al, Ni)-rich matrix changed in the dendritic and interdendritic regions from fine and spherical (with a diameter of less 100 nm) to spinodal (with the thickness being less than 100 nm). The LENS- produced AlCoCrFeNi alloy exhibited an average microhardness of approximately 543 HV0.5; this was approximately 13% higher than the hardness in the as-cast state and can be attributed to the grain refinemet in the LENS- produced alloy. Moreover, it was found that increasing the cooling rate during laser cladding increasess the microhardness of the alloy. - Highlights: • Laser-engineered net shaping is used to produce samples of AlCoCrFeNi alloy. • The alloy has a body-centred cubic (bcc)-derivative B2-ordered crystal structure. • Electron microscopy images of the alloy show the presence of precipitates. • The microhardness of the laser-clad alloy is higher than that of the as-cast alloy. • The cooling rate

  6. Ag diffusion and interface segregation in nanocrystalline γ-FeNi alloy with a two-scale microstructure

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Divinski, S.V.; Hisker, F.; Kang, Y.-S.; Lee, J.-S.; Herzig, Chr.

    2004-01-01

    Solute diffusion of Ag in nanocrystalline γ-Fe - 40wt%Ni alloy was studied by means of the radiotracer technique in an extended temperature interval (489-1200 K). The powder metallurgical method was applied to produce nanomaterial which consisted of micrometer-large clusters (agglomerates) of nanometer sized grains. Two types of internal interfaces contributed as short-circuit paths for diffusion: the nanocrystalline grain boundaries (GB) and the inter-agglomerate interfaces (subscript a). Combining the recent results on Ag GB diffusion in coarse-grained γ-Fe - 40wt%Ni alloy and the present diffusion data in the nanocrystalline alloy the Ag segregation was determined as function of temperature. Ag segregates strongly at GBs in the γ-Fe - 40wt%Ni alloy with a segregation enthalpy of H s =-47 kJ/mol. Knowing the segregation factor, the experimental data on Ag diffusion along both nanocrystalline and inter-agglomerate interfaces in the nanomaterial were systematically analyzed in dependence on the different kinetic regimes. The sensitive radiotracer experiments and the subsequent diffusion profile analysis resulted in a consistent set of diffusion data in the whole investigated temperature range with Arrhenius behavior for both the Ag nano-GB diffusion (D 0 gb =4.7x10 -4 m 2 /s, H gb =173 kJ/mol) as well as for the much faster inter-agglomerate interface diffusion (D 0 a =8.1x10 -5 m 2 /s, H a =91 kJ/mol)

  7. Gamma→alpha transformation during cooling of Fe-Mn alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shtejnberg, M.M.; Mirzaev, D.A.; Ponomareva, T.N.

    1977-01-01

    Consideration is given to the effect of the cooling rate on the temperatures of γ→α transformation initiation, the structure and microhardness of Fe-Mn alloys. The general principles governing phase transformations in these alloys are similar to those which have been the subject of earlier investigations for Fe-Ni, Fe-Cr, Fe-Mo systems. It has been found that the higher manganese content results in a more intensive temperature drop for all the stages and elimination of stage 111 at a relatively low manganese content. Support is provided for the existence of the four stages of γ→α transformation in the iron alloys. The yield point, ultimate strength and microhardness of each alloy are related by Petch's relations to the size of the martensite packet which at the given grain size of the γsup(')-phase is defined by a transformation stage and a cooling rate at the given stage

  8. Effect of Fe Content on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-Al-Mo-V-Cr-Fe Alloys

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bae K.C.

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available To investigate the effect of Fe content on the correlation between the microstructure and mechanical properties in near-b titanium alloys, the Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-xFe alloy system has been characterized in this study. As the Fe content increased, the number of nucleation sites and the volume fraction of the α phase decreased. We observed a significant difference in the shape and size of the α phase in the matrix before and after Fe addition. In addition, these morphological deformations were accompanied by a change in the shape of the α phase, which became increasingly discontinuous, and changed into globular-type α phase in the matrix. These phenomena affected the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti alloys. Specimen #2 exhibited a high ultimate tensile strength (1071 MPa, which decreased with further addition of Fe.

  9. Development plan of austenitic Fe and Ni based alloys with improved corrosion resistance to sulfuric acid and HI fluids of industrial processes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hirota, Noriaki; Iwatsuki, Jin; Imai, Yoshiyuki; Yan, Xing L.

    2017-12-01

    In this study, austenitic Fe based alloys and Ni based alloys was developed as candidate structural materials for equipment operated in sulfuric acid and hydrogen iodide (HI) environment, which exists in various industrial processes including iodine-sulfur (IS) hydrogen production process and geothermal power generation process. The objectives of the study are to achieve the corrosion resistance performance sufficient under the working condition of these processes and to overcome the practical scale-up difficulty of the ceramic (SiC) material that is presently used in the processes due to the manufacturing size limitation of the ceramic. The chemical composition development plan for the austenitic Fe based alloys is threefold: reinforcement of matrix by addition of Cu and Ta, strength compensation of the surface film by addition of Si and Ti, and prevention of peeling of surface oxide by addition of rare earth elements. Because addition of Cu and Si is known to reduce the ductility of the material and thus manufacturability of the component, it is important to determine the allowable amount of each element to be added. On the other hand, the chemical composition development plan for the Ni based alloys is reinforcement of matrix by addition of Mo, W and Ta, strength compensation of the surface film by addition of Ti, and prevention of peeling of surface oxide by addition of rare earth elements. In particular, the addition of Mo and W to the Ni based alloy is expected to be effective in preventing dimensional deviation of structures from increasing during heating and cooling of process equipment. Various material specimens will be fabricated based on the above chemical composition development plans and tests on these specimens will then be carried out to confirm the corrosion resistance performance under the fluid conditions simulating each industrial process. (author)

  10. Comparison of the segregation behavior between tempered martensite and tempered bainite in Ni-Cr-Mo high strength low alloy RPV steel

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Park, Sang Gyu; Kim, Min Chul; Kim, Hyung Jun; Lee, Bong Sang [Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

    2012-05-15

    SA508 Gr.4N Ni-Cr-Mo low alloy steel has an superior fracture toughness and strength, compared to commercial Mn-Mo-Ni low alloy RPV steel SA508 Gr.3. Higher strength and fracture toughness of low alloy steels could be obtained by adding Ni and Cr. So several were performed on researches on SA508 Gr.4N low alloy steel for a RPV application. The operation temperature and term of a reactor pressure vessel is more than 300 .deg. C and over 40 years. Therefore, in order to apply the SA508 Gr.4N low alloy steel for a reactor pressure vessel, the resistance of thermal embrittlement in the high temperature range including temper embrittlement is required. S. Raoul reported that the susceptibility to temper embrittlement was increasing a function of the cooling rate in SA533 steel, which suggests the martensitic microstructures resulting from increased cooling rates are more susceptible to temper embrittlement. However, this result has not been proved yet. So the comparison of temper embrittlement behavior was made between martensitic microstructure and bainitic microstructure with a viewpoint of boundary features in SA508 Gr.4N, which have mixture of tempered bainite/martensite. We have compared temper embrittlement behaviors of SA508 Gr.4N low alloy steel with changing volume fraction of martensite. The mechanical properties of these low alloy steels were evaluated after a long-term heat treatment. Then, the the segregated boundaries were observed and segregation behavior was analyzed by AES. In order to compare the misorientation distributions of model alloys, grain boundary structures were measured with EBSD

  11. Study of behaviour during a quench treatment of ferrite delta of binary and pseudo-binary alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Champin, B.

    1970-01-01

    Focusing of Fe-Cr and Fe-Mo alloys (and extending results to different binary alloys like Fe-W, Fe-Al and Fe-Si, and even to some ternary systems such as Fe-Cr-Ni and Fe-Mo-Ni), and after having recalled some previous results and presented experimental materials and processes, this research thesis describes the behaviour of the considered alloys, reports a detailed study of Fe-Mo alloys (influence of carbon content), a bibliographical study of the gamma-to-delta transformation, the study of hybrid alloys (behaviour, partial transformations, diffusion), the study of other types of alloys (hyper-quench of delta ferrite of Fe-Mo alloys, adsorption and diffusion). It discusses the case of two-phase structures, and the mechanism and kinetics of the delta-to-gamma transformation

  12. Out-of-plane coercive field of Ni{sub 80}Fe{sub 20} antidot arrays

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Chunhong, Gao [School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715 (China); Ke, Chen [Chongqing Electric Power College, Chongqing (China); Ling, Lue; Jianwei, Zhao [School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715 (China); Chen Peng, E-mail: pchen@swu.edu.c [School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715 (China)

    2010-11-15

    The out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy and out-of-plane magnetization reversal process of nanoscale Ni{sub 80}Fe{sub 20} antidot arrays deposited by magnetron sputtering technique on an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane are investigated. The angular dependence of out-of-plane remanent magnetization of Ni{sub 80}Fe{sub 20} antidot arrays shows that the maximum remanence is in-plane and the squareness of the out-of-plane hysteresis loop follow a |cos {theta}| dependence. The angular dependence of out-of-plane coercivity of Ni{sub 80}Fe{sub 20} antidot arrays shows that the maximum coercivity lies on the surface of a cone with its symmetric axis normal to the sample plane, which indicates a transition of magnetic reversal from curling to coherent rotation when changing the angle between the applied magnetic field and the sample plane.

  13. Combined thermodynamic study of nickel-base alloys. Progress report

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Brooks, C.R.; Meschter, P.J.

    1981-01-01

    Achievements during this period are the following: (1) initiation of a high-temperature study of the Ni-Ta system using the galvanic cell technique, (2) emf study of high-temperature thermodynamics in the Ni-Mo system, (3) measured heat capacity data on ordered and disordered Ni 4 Mo, (4) heat capacities of Ni and disordered Ni 3 Fe, and (5) computer correlation of thermodynamic and phase diagram data in binary Ni-base alloys

  14. Surface Properties of a Nanocrystalline Fe-Ni-Nb-B Alloy After Neutron Irradiation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pavùk, Milan; Sitek, Jozef; Sedlačková, Katarína

    2014-09-01

    The effect of neutron radiation on the surface properties of the nanocrystalline (Fe0.25Ni0.75)81Nb7B12 alloy was studied. Firstly, amorphous (Fe0.25Ni0.75)81Nb7B12 ribbon was brought by controlled annealing to the nanocrystalline state. After annealing, the samples of the nanocrystalline ribbon were irradiated in a nuclear reactor with neutron fluences of 1×1016cm-2 and 1 × 1017cm-2 . By utilizing the magnetic force microscopy (MFM), topography and a magnetic domain structure were recorded at the surface of the ribbon-shaped samples before and after irradiation with neutrons. The results indicate that in terms of surface the nanocrystalline (Fe0.25Ni0.75)81Nb7B12 alloy is radiation-resistant up to a neutron fluence of 1 × 1017cm-2 . The changes in topography observed for both irradiated samples are discussed

  15. Pulse electrodeposition of Fe-Ni-Cr alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Adelkhani, H.

    2000-01-01

    Pulse Electroplating is a relativity new technique in electrodeposition of pure metals and alloys which has resulted in a number of improvement over the traditional direct current method. Among these are a better composition control, lower porosity, reduction of internal stresses and hydrogen content as well as other impurities. In this work Pulse plating of Fe-Ni-Cr alloys has been investigated by using a series of planned experiments. A domain of Pulse parameters, such a pulse frequency, pulse duration, current density and batch condition such as Ph, temperature and has been defined where the coating quality is optimal. The result obtained were Compared with those of D C electroplating and finally a number of recommendations are made for future works towards a semi-industrial process

  16. Electrochemical and metallurgical characterization of ZrCr{sub 1-x}NiMo{sub x} AB{sub 2} metal hydride alloys

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Erika, Teliz [Universidad de la República, Facultad de Ciencias, Laboratorio de Electroquímica Fundamental, Núcleo Interdisciplinario Ingeniería Electroquímica, Igua 4225, CP 11400 Montevideo (Uruguay); Ricardo, Faccio [Universidad de la República, Crystallography, Solid State and Materials Laboratory (Cryssmat-Lab), DETEMA, Centro NanoMat, Polo Tecnológico de Pando, Espacio Interdisciplinario, Facultad de Química, Montevideo (Uruguay); Fabricio, Ruiz [Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas , CONICET, Av. Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ Ciudad de Buenos Aires (Argentina); Centro Atómico Bariloche , Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CAB-CNEA), Av. Bustillo 9500, CP 8400 S.C. de Bariloche, RN (Argentina); Fernando, Zinola [Universidad de la República, Facultad de Ciencias, Laboratorio de Electroquímica Fundamental, Núcleo Interdisciplinario Ingeniería Electroquímica, Igua 4225, CP 11400 Montevideo (Uruguay); and others

    2015-11-15

    The effects of partial replacement of chromium by molybdenum was studied on the structure and electrochemical kinetic properties of ZrCr{sub 1-x}NiMo{sub x}(x = 0.0, 0.3 and 0.6) metal hydride alloys. The arc-melting prepared alloys were metallurgically characterized by X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive spectroscopy microanalysis, which showed AB{sub 2} (with hexagonal C14 structure) and Zr{sub x}Ni{sub y} (Zr{sub 7}Ni{sub 10}, Zr{sub 9}Ni{sub 11}) phases. After a partial substitution of chromium by molybdenum, secondary phases monotonically increase with the C14 unit cell volume indicating that most of molybdenum atoms locate in the B-site. The alloys were electrochemically characterized using charge/discharge cycling, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and rate capability experiments that allowed the determination of hydriding reaction kinetic parameters. The presence of molybdenum produces a positive effect for hydrogen diffusion in the alloy lattice, and ZrCr{sub 0.7}NiMo{sub 0.3} alloy depicts the better kinetics associated with a fast activation, lower charge transfer resistance and the best high rate discharge behavior. This fact would be related to a lower diffusion time constant and a bigger value of the product between exchange density current and surface active area. There is a trade-off in the amounts of secondary phase and Laves phases in order to improve the kinetic performance. - Highlights: • Metallurgical characterization evidences the presence of Zr{sub x}Ni{sub y} and C14 phases. • The partial replacement of Cr by Mo promotes the segregation of Zr{sub x}Ni{sub y} phase. • The incorporation of molybdenum improves the kinetics for the hydriding process. • Mo produces a decrease in the diffusion time constant.

  17. Facile directing agent-free synthesis and magnetism of nanocrystalline Fe–Ni alloy with tunable shape

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mohamed, Marwa A.A.

    2014-01-01

    Highlights: • Simple directing agent-free wet chemical method for high-yield synthesis of nc Fe-Ni particles with tunable shape. • The alloy morphology is controlled by varying synthesis conditions; concentration of metal ions and pH of reaction. • Synthesis conditions control the final shape of alloy particles via controlling their growth rate and capping with OH − ions. • The alloy magnetic behavior is driven away from soft magnetic toward hard one, by particles anisotropy and size reduction. • The branched wires morphology can be considered a new morphology of distinctive magnetic behavior, for nc Fe-Ni alloy. - Abstract: This article reports the synthesis of nanocrystalline (nc) Fe 20 Ni 80 particles with tunable shape, using a heterogeneous directing agent-free aqueous wet chemical method of mild synthesis conditions. The particle morphology has been controlled by varying synthesis conditions. The results demonstrate that the morphology of alloy particles changes from quasi-isotropic to anisotropic architecture by decreasing concentration of metal ions or increasing pH of reaction solution. Deep interpretations of such phenomena are reported. Magnetic behavior of the alloy is driven away from soft magnetic and toward hard magnetic behavior, by anisotropy and size reduction of alloy particles. This broadens practical applications of nc Fe 20 Ni 80 alloy. Overall, the study provides an effective economical way for high-yield synthesis of nc Fe–Ni particles with tailored shape and subsequently magnetic properties for a specific technological application. Additionally, it adds a new morphology, highly branched wires, of distinctive magnetic behavior to the known morphologies of nc Fe–Ni particles

  18. Peculiarities of phase transformation in Ni3Fe powder alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nuzhdin, A.A.

    1990-01-01

    Ordering process in sintered powder alloy Ni 3 Fe by normal and high temperatures was studied. Thermal stresses connected with porosity level of material effect on transformation peculiarities. The changes of electric conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient, bulk modulus during transformation were studied. The analysis of this changes was made

  19. Solid state amorphisation in binary systems prepared by mechanical alloying

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gonzalez, G.; Sagarzazu, A.; Bonyuet, D.; D'Angelo, L.; Villalba, R.

    2009-01-01

    In the present work a detailed study of amorphisation in different systems prepared by mechanical alloying under the same experimental conditions was carried out, milling up to 50 and 100 h in some cases. The systems studied were: AlTi, AlNi, AlFe, FeNi, FeCo, NiMo, NiW, NiCo, MoW, CoMo. These systems were chosen to study the effect of Al-transition metal, transition metal-transition metal and also systems with large and small negative heat of mixing, different and similar crystal structures, atomic sizes and diffusion coefficients. Calculations based on the Miedema model for alloy formation and amorphisation on all the alloys studied were performed. The experimental results from X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy showed that the systems based on Fe (FeNi, FeCo and FeAl) did not amorphised, even after milling for 100 h, and formed a stable solid solution with a nanometric grain size of 7 nm. The systems NiMo, NiW, MoW and CoMo (systems with small negative heat of mixing), showed amorphisation after 50 h of milling. NiAl and TiAl form an intermediate amorphous phase after around 20 h of milling and with further milling they recrystallize into a fcc solid solution. Agreement between the theoretical calculations based on the Miedema model and the experimental results was found in most of the systems.

  20. Reactive Stresses in Ni49Fe18Ga27Co6 Shape-Memory-Alloy Single Crystals

    Science.gov (United States)

    Averkin, A. I.; Krymov, V. M.; Guzilova, L. I.; Timashov, R. B.; Soldatov, A. V.; Nikolaev, V. I.

    2018-03-01

    The reactive stresses induced in Ni49Fe18Ga27Co6-alloy single crystals during martensitic transformations with a limited possibility of shape-memory-strain recovery have been experimentally studied. The data on these crystals are compared with the results obtained previously for Cu-Al-Ni, Ni-Ti, and Ni‒Fe-Ga crystals. The potential of application of the Ni49Fe18Ga27Co6 single crystals in designing drives and power motors is demonstrated.

  1. Fluorescence x-ray absorption fine structure studies of Fe-Ni-S and Fe-Ni-Si melts to 1600 K

    Science.gov (United States)

    Manghnani, M. H.; Hong, X.; Balogh, J.; Amulele, G.; Sekar, M.; Newville, M.

    2008-04-01

    We report NiK -edge fluorescence x-ray absorption fine structure spectra (XAFS) for Fe0.75Ni0.05S0.20 and Fe0.75Ni0.05Si0.20 ternary alloys from room temperature up to 1600 K. A high-temperature furnace designed for these studies incorporates two x-ray transparent windows and enables both a vertical orientation of the molten sample and a wide opening angle, so that XAFS can be measured in the fluorescence mode with a detector at 90° with respect to the incident x-ray beam. An analysis of the Ni XAFS data for these two alloys indicates different local structural environments for Ni in Fe0.75Ni0.05S0.20 and Fe0.75Ni0.05Si0.20 melts, with more Ni-Si coordination than Ni-S coordination persisting from room temperature through melting. These results suggest that light elements such as S and Si may impact the structural and chemical properties of Fe-Ni alloys with a composition similar to the earth’s core.

  2. Improved hardness of laser alloyed X12CrNiMo martensitic stainless steel

    CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

    Adebiyi, DI

    2011-07-01

    Full Text Available The improvement in hardness of X12CrNiMo martensitic stainless steel laser alloyed with 99.9% pure titanium carbide, stellite 6 and two cases of premixed ratio of titanium carbide and stellite 6 [TiC (30 wt.%)- stellite 6 (70 wt.%) and TiC (70 wt...

  3. Connection between kinetic phenomena and atomic ordering processes and electronic structure of Ni3(FeMe)-type alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Vasil'eva, R.P.; Arkhipov, Yu.N.; Narkulov, N.; Fadin, V.P.

    1978-01-01

    The results are presented of the measurements of the Hall and the Nernst-Ettingshausen effect and of thermal emf, electric resistivity and magnetization measurements in alloys Ni 3 (FeMe), where Me is Mo, Cr, W. The concentration of additions is not higher than 12.5%. The relationship of the kinetic phenomena with peculiarities of the electron structure and ordering processes is investigated. The obtained data show that the Hall and Nernst-Ettingshausen electromotive forces in the investigated alloys have positive values. The effects of the concentration variations of the investigated phenomena manifest themselves stronger in ordered state, this testifyies to a considerable increase of the part, the hole sections of the Fermi surface play. The investigation enables some conclusions to be made on the energy characteristics of these alloys as a function of the variation of the concentration composition of the alloys and the ordering processes

  4. Nickel-zinc ferrite/permalloy (Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4/Ni-Fe soft magnetic nanocomposites fabricated by electro-infiltration

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Xiao Wen

    2016-05-01

    Full Text Available Magnetically soft NiZn ferrite (Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles are embedded within a permalloy (Ni-Fe matrix via an electro-infiltration process as thin films intended for use as on-chip inductor cores in the MHz frequency regime. A layer of NiZn ferrite nanoparticles is first deposited, and then permalloy is electroplated through the voids to encapsulate the particles and form three-dimensional ferrite/alloy nanocomposites. The composites are estimated to contain 37% ferrite by volume and exhibit a relative permeability of ∼320, a saturation of ∼1.15 T, and an operational bandwidth of 93 MHz. Compared to a permalloy thin film of similar thickness, the nanocomposite exhibits 39% higher electrical resistivity and 50% higher bandwidth.

  5. Fabrication and thermal characterization of amorphous and nanocrystalline Al{sub 9}FeNi/Al{sub 3}Ti compound

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Tavoosi, Majid, E-mail: ma.tavoosi@gmail.com

    2017-01-15

    In this study, the fabrication and structural characterization of amorphous/nanocrystalline Al{sub 9}FeNi/Al{sub 3}Ti phase has been performed. In this regards, milling and annealing processes were applied on Al{sub 80}Fe{sub 10}Ti{sub 5}Ni{sub 5} (at. %) powder mixture for different periods of time. The prepared samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) and differential scanning calorimetery (DSC). According to the results, supersaturated solid solution, nanocrystalline Al{sub 9}FeNi/Al{sub 3}Ti (with average crystallite size of about 7 nm) and amorphous phases indicated three different microstructures which can be formed in Al{sub 80}Fe{sub 10}Ti{sub 5}Ni{sub 5} system during milling process. The formed supersaturated solid solution and amorphous phases were unstable and transformed to Al{sub 9}FeNi/Al{sub 3}Ti intermetallic compound during annealing process. It is shown that, Al{sub 9}FeNi phase in Al{sub 9}FeNi/Al{sub 3}Ti intermetallic compound can decompose into Al{sub 3}Ni, Al{sub 13}Fe{sub 4} and liquid phases during a reversible peritectic reaction at 809 °C. - Highlights: • We study the effect of milling process on Al{sub 80}Fe{sub 10}Ti{sub 5}Ni{sub 5} alloy. • We study the effect of annealing on Al{sub 80}Fe{sub 10}Ti{sub 5}Ni{sub 5} supersaturated solid solution phase. • We study the effect of annealing on Al{sub 80}Fe{sub 10}Ti{sub 5}Ni{sub 5} amorphous phase. • We study the thermal behaviour of Al{sub 9}FeNi/Al{sub 3}Ti compound.

  6. Fatigue resistance of Cr-Ni-Mo-V steel

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Naumchenkov, N.E.; Filimonova, O.V.; Borisov, I.A.

    1985-01-01

    A study was made on the effect of additional alloying (Ni, Ni+Co), stress concentration, surface plastic strain on fatigue resistance of rotor steel of Cr-Ni-Mo-V-composition. It is shown that the steel with decreased carbon content possesses high complex of mechanical properties. Fatigue characteristics are not inferior to similar characteristics of steels of 25KhN3MFA type. Additional alloying of the steel containing 0.11...0.17% C and 4.5...4.7% N:, with niobium separately or niobium and cobalt in combination enabled to improve fatigue resistance of samles up to 25%. Strengthening of stress concentration zones by surface plastic strain is recommended for improving rotor suppporting 'nower under cyclic loading

  7. Crystallization kinetics of Fe-B based amorphous alloys studied in-situ using X-rays diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Santos D.R. dos

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available The crystallization processes for the amorphous metallic alloys Fe74B17Si2Ni4Mo3 and Fe86B6Zr7Cu1 (at. % were investigated using X-rays diffraction measurements performed in-situ during Joule-heating, with simultaneous monitoring of the electrical resistance. We determined the main structural transitions and crystalline phases formed during heating, and correlated these results to the observed resistance variations. As the annealing current is increased, the resistance shows an initial decrease due to stress relaxation, followed by a drop to a minimum value due to massive nucleation and growth of alpha-Fe nanocrystals. Further annealing causes the formation of small fractions of Fe-B, B2Zr or ZrO2, while the resistance increases due to temperature enhancement. In situ XRD measurements allowed the identification of metastable phases, as the gamma-Fe phase which occurs at high temperatures. The exothermal peaks observed in the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC for each alloy corroborate the results. We also have performed DSC measurements with several heating rates, which allowed the determination of the Avrami exponent and crystallization activation energy for each alloy. The obtained activation energies (362 and 301 kJ/mol for Fe-B-Zr-Cu; 323 kJ/mol for Fe-B-Si-Ni-Mo are comparable to reported values for amorphous iron alloys, while the Avrami exponent values (n = 1.0 or n = 1.2 are consistent with diffusion controlled crystallization processes with nucleation rates close to zero.

  8. The influence of Ni, Mo, Si, Ti on the surface alloy layer quality

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. Walasek

    2011-07-01

    Full Text Available The paper presents research results of microstructure and selected mechanical properties of alloy layer. The aim of the researches was to determine the influence of Ni, Mo, Si and Ti with high-carbon ferrochromium (added separately to pad on the alloy layer on the steel cast. Metallographic studies were made with use of light microscopy. During studies of usable properties measurements of hardness, microhardness and abrasive wear resistance of type metal-mineral for creation alloy layer were made. As thick as possible composite layer without any defects and discontinuity was required. The conducted researches allowed to take the suitable alloy addition of the pad material which improved the quality of the surface alloy layer.

  9. Effect of domain variations on damping capacity of Fe-16Cr-2.5Mo alloy solution annealed at 1373 K and 1473 K

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Xu Yonggang; Ning Li; Wen Yuhua

    2011-01-01

    The damping capacity of Fe-16Cr-2.5Mo alloy heat-treated at different temperatures was investigated. A water-based magnetic fluid was used to analyze domain morphologies. The experimental results show that there is a maximum value of damping capacity when the solution annealing temperature of the material is 1373 K. When the annealing temperature is higher, the damping capacity of the alloy drops quickly. The change in damping capacity with the solution annealing temperature is believed to be due to different domain morphologies. The domains are larger and the domain-wall area is smaller in the alloy annealed at a higher temperature. The wedge-shaped domains acted as obstacles for pinning the domain-wall movement, even though movement of the 90 o domains is easy. As a result, the damping capacity of the alloys drops when the annealing temperature is very high. - Research Highlights: →The change in damping capacity with solution annealing temperature is believed to be due to different domain morphologies. →The domains are larger and the domain-wall area is smaller in the alloy annealed at a higher temperature. →The wedge-shaped domains acted as obstacles for pinning the domain-wall movement, even though movement of the 90 o domains is easy.

  10. Effect of Ti content on structure and properties of Al2CrFeNiCoCuTix high-entropy alloy coatings

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Qiu, X.W.; Zhang, Y.P.; Liu, C.G.

    2014-01-01

    Highlights: • Al 2 CrFeNiCoCuTi x high-entropy alloy coatings were prepared by laser cladding. • Al 2 CrFeNiCoCuTi x coatings show excellent corrosion resistance and wear resistance. • Al 2 CrFeNiCoCuTi x coatings play a good protective effect on Q235 steel. • Ti element promotes the formation of a BCC structure in a certain extent. -- Abstract: The Al 2 CrFeNiCoCuTi x high-entropy alloy coatings were prepared by laser cladding. The structure, hardness, corrosion resistance, wear resistance and magnetic property were studied by metallurgical microscope, scanning electron microscopy with spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), X-ray diffraction, micro/Vickers hardness tester, electrochemical workstation tribometer and multi-physical tester. The result shows that, Al 2 CrFeNiCoCuTi x high-entropy alloy samples consist of the cladding zone, bounding zone, heat affected zone and substrate zone. The bonding between the cladding layer and the substrate of a good combination; the cladding zone is composed mainly of equiaxed grains and columnar crystal; the phase structure of Al 2 CrFeNiCoCuTi x high-entropy alloy coatings simple for FCC, BCC and Laves phase due to high-entropy affect. Ti element promotes the formation of a BCC structure in a certain extent. Compared with Q235 steel, the free-corrosion current density of Al 2 CrFeNiCoCuTi x high-entropy alloy coatings is reduced by 1–2 orders of magnitude, the free-corrosion potential is more “positive”. With the increasing of Ti content, the corrosion resistance of Al 2 CrFeCoCuNiTi x high-entropy alloy coatings enhanced in 0.5 mol/L HNO 3 solution. Compared with Q235 steel, the relative wear resistance of Al 2 CrFeCoCuNiTi x high-entropy alloy coatings has improved greatly; both the hardness and plasticity are affecting wear resistance. Magnetization loop shows that, Ti 0.0 high-entropy alloy is a kind of soft magnetic materials

  11. FeNi{sub 3} alloy nanocrystals grown on graphene: Controllable synthesis, in-depth characterization and enhanced electromagnetic performance

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ma, Teng; Yuan, Mengwei [Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials and College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875 (China); Islam, Saiful M. [Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 (United States); Li, Huifeng [Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials and College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875 (China); Ma, Shulan, E-mail: mashulan@bnu.edu.cn [Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials and College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875 (China); Sun, Genban, E-mail: gbsun@bnu.edu.cn [Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials and College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875 (China); Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083 (China); Yang, Xiaojing [Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials and College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875 (China)

    2016-09-05

    FeNi{sub 3} nanocrystals as an ideal candidate for EM-wave-absorption material have a great advantage due to their excellent magnetic properties. However, its large permittivity and poor chemical stability confine its application. A strategy to improve electromagnetic performance of FeNi{sub 3}via phase-controlled synthesis of FeNi{sub 3} nanostructures grown on graphene networks has been employed in this work. The phases, structures, sizes and morphologies of FeNi{sub 3} nanocomposites were in-depth characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), and Raman spectroscopy. The results of electromagnetic performance tests for the as-synthesized FeNi{sub 3} nanocomposites showed excellent microwave absorbability in comparison with the corresponding FeNi{sub 3} nanocrystals, especially in the low (2–6 GHz) and middle (6–12 GHz) frequencies. The one-pot method we utilized is simple and effective, and because of its versatility, it may be extended to prepare some magnetic metal or alloy materials via this route. - Highlights: • Monodispersed FeNi{sub 3} alloy nanocrystals have been successfully assembled on 2D graphene via a one-pot strategy. • The process ensures different crystal phase and controlled morphology and size in the monodispersed particles. • The nanocomposites exhibit excellent microwave absorbability, which is stronger than the corresponding alloy monomer.

  12. Ni doped Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Larumbe, S; Gómez-Polo, C; Pérez-Landazábal, J I; García-Prieto, A; Alonso, J; Fdez-Gubieda, M L; Cordero, D; Gómez, J

    2012-03-01

    In this work, the effect of nickel doping on the structural and magnetic properties of Fe3O4 nanoparticles is analysed. Ni(x)Fe(3-x)O4 nanoparticles (x = 0, 0.04, 0.06 and 0.11) were obtained by chemical co-precipitation method, starting from a mixture of FeCl2 x 4H2O and Ni(AcO)2 x 4H2O salts. The analysis of the structure and composition of the synthesized nanoparticles confirms their nanometer size (main sizes around 10 nm) and the inclusion of the Ni atoms in the characteristic spinel structure of the magnetite Fe3O4 phase. In order to characterize in detail the structure of the samples, X-ray absorption (XANES) measurements were performed on the Ni and Fe K-edges. The results indicate the oxidation of the Ni atoms to the 2+ state and the location of the Ni2+ cations in the Fe2+ octahedral sites. With respect to the magnetic properties, the samples display the characteristic superparamagnetic behaviour, with anhysteretic magnetic response at room temperature. The estimated magnetic moment confirms the partial substitution of the Fe2+ cations by Ni2+ atoms in the octahedral sites of the spinel structure.

  13. Mechanism of swelling suppression in phosphorous-modified Fe-Ni-Cr alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lee, E.H.; Mansur, L.K.

    1986-01-01

    Five simple alloys were ion irradiated at 948 0 K in an experiment designed to investigate the mechanism of swelling suppression associated with phosphorous additions. One of the alloys was the simple ternary Fe-15Ni-13Cr, another had 0.05% P added and the other three had further additions of the phosphide precipitate-forming elements Ti and/or Si. Ion irradiations were carried out with heavy ions only (Ni or Fe) or with heavy ions followed by dual heavy ions and helium. The ternary with and without P swelled readily early in dose with or without helium. The other three alloys only showed swelling in the presence of helium and exhibited a long delay in dose prior to the onset of swelling. These displayed fine distributions of Fe 2 P type phosphide precipitates enhanced by irradiation. The phosphide particles gave rise to very high concentrations of stable helium filled cavities at the precipitate matrix interfaces. The results were analyzed in terms of the theory of cavity swelling. The accumulation of the critical number of gas atoms in an individual cavity is required in the theory for point defect driven swelling to begin. It is concluded that the primary mechanism leading to swelling suppression is therefore the dilution of injected helium over a very large number of cavities. It is suggested that this mechanism may offer a key for alloy design for swelling resistance in high helium environments

  14. Efficient hydrogen production on MoNi4 electrocatalysts with fast water dissociation kinetics

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Jian; Wang, Tao; Liu, Pan; Liao, Zhongquan; Liu, Shaohua; Zhuang, Xiaodong; Chen, Mingwei; Zschech, Ehrenfried; Feng, Xinliang

    2017-05-01

    Various platinum-free electrocatalysts have been explored for hydrogen evolution reaction in acidic solutions. However, in economical water-alkali electrolysers, sluggish water dissociation kinetics (Volmer step) on platinum-free electrocatalysts results in poor hydrogen-production activities. Here we report a MoNi4 electrocatalyst supported by MoO2 cuboids on nickel foam (MoNi4/MoO2@Ni), which is constructed by controlling the outward diffusion of nickel atoms on annealing precursor NiMoO4 cuboids on nickel foam. Experimental and theoretical results confirm that a rapid Tafel-step-decided hydrogen evolution proceeds on MoNi4 electrocatalyst. As a result, the MoNi4 electrocatalyst exhibits zero onset overpotential, an overpotential of 15 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and a low Tafel slope of 30 mV per decade in 1 M potassium hydroxide electrolyte, which are comparable to the results for platinum and superior to those for state-of-the-art platinum-free electrocatalysts. Benefiting from its scalable preparation and stability, the MoNi4 electrocatalyst is promising for practical water-alkali electrolysers.

  15. Two-dimensional nano-lattice in Fe-Co-Ni-Al-Cu alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kalanov, M.U.; Ibragimova, E.M.; Khamraeva, R.N.; Rustamova, V.M.; Ummatov, H.D.

    2007-01-01

    Full text: The high coercive strength of the dispersionally solidified alloys on the base of Fe-Co-Ni-Al-Cu system appears as a result of the special thermomagnetic annealing, when particles of the strong magnetic phase are distinguished in non-magnetic matrix along an external magnetic field direction. The neutron studying allows one to reveal the correlation between magnetization and inclusion axes, and also existence of magnetic microcell and perfectness of the lattice. This work presents results of neutron diffraction study with a double-crystal spectrometer (0.145 nm). Plate like samples of size 18 12 4 mm 3 were cut from a single crystal of alloy UNDK35 T5 along (100) plane. Magnetic field of 6 kOe was applied perpendicular to the neutron beam. Zero-field spectrum had only random variation of the background. Under the applied magnetic field two maxima appeared at the angles of 12 and 24 minute. In the case of the magnetic field directed in parallel to the scattering vector, the two maxima disappeared as expected. It is evidence that nuclear scattering is less than magnetic one and the observed maxima correspond to (10) and (20) reflections from a two dimensional ferro-magnetic microcell. The cell parameter of the magnetic microcell was found 40.6 nm. The coherent scattering region size was 120-160 nm. The ferro-magnetic rod diameter estimated from the peak widths was 16 nm. The diffraction pattern for the demagnetized sample strongly differs from the initial magnetized sample, where a diffuse reflection was observed near Bragg reflection and related with residual magnetization. So, the magnetic inclusions created in the Fe-Co-Ni-Al-Cu system at the thermomagnetic annealing by means of disintegration of the solid solution are strong ferro-magnetic and one-domain. These particles form the two-dimensional magnetic microcell and interact each to other within 3-4 periods of the cell. (authors)

  16. Formation and Applications of Bulk Glassy Alloys in Late Transition Metal Base System

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Inoue, Akihisa; Shen Baolong

    2006-01-01

    This paper reviews our recent results of the formation, fundamental properties, workability and applications of late transition metal (LTM) base bulk glassy alloys (BGAs) developed since 1995. The BGAs were obtained in Fe-(Al,Ga)-(P,C,B,Si), Fe-(Cr,Mo)-(C,B), Fe-(Zr,Hf,Nb,Ta)-B, Fe-Ln-B(Ln=lanthanide metal), Fe-B-Si-Nb and Fe-Nd-Al for Fe-based alloys, Co-(Ta,Mo)-B and Co-B-Si-Nb for Co-based alloys, Ni-Nb-(Ti,Zr)-(Co,Ni) for Ni-based alloys, and Cu-Ti-(Zr,Hf), Cu-Al-(Zr,Hf), Cu-Ti-(Zr,Hf)-(Ni,Co) and Cu-Al-(Zr,Hf)-(Ag,Pd) for Cu-based alloys. These BGAs exhibit useful properties of high mechanical strength, large elastic elongation and high corrosion resistance. In addition, Fe- and Co-based glassy alloys have good soft magnetic properties which cannot be obtained for amorphous and crystalline type magnetic alloys. The Fe- and Ni-based BGAs have already been used in some application fields. These LTM base BGAs are promising as new metallic engineering materials

  17. Metallography of a pulsed Nd:YAG laser weld in a RS/PM Al-8Fe-2Mo alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Krishnaswamy, S.; Baeslack, W.A. III

    1990-01-01

    This paper reports the microstructure of a pulsed Nd:YAG laser weld in a rapid solidification/powder metallurgy (RS/PM) Al-8.0 wt.% Fe-2.3 wt.% Mo (Al-8Fe-2Mo) alloy investigated using light microcopy, canning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. This analysis revealed significant microstructure variations across the weld fusion zone (FZ). Near the fusion boundary, a light-etching FZ microstructure was observed to contain submicron dispersoids entrapped in a matrix of fine-sized dendritic alpha aluminum. At the center of the FZ, the presence of relatively coarse-sized intermetallic particles that served as growth centers for coarser dendritic alpha aluminum promoted a dark-etching microstructure. In the boundary between successive melt zones, both a heat-affected zone (HAZ) containing acicular dispersoids and a fusion boundary region (FBR) containing irregular-shaped particles in a coarse-grained dendritic alpha aluminum matrix were observed

  18. Synthesis, characterization of spinels NiFe_2O_4 e CoFe_2O_4 and evaluation of performance in the trans esterification and esterification of cottonseed oil

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dantas, J.; Silva, A.S.A.; Costa, A.C.F.M.; Freitas, N.L.

    2012-01-01

    The present study aimed synthesizes by combustion reaction and characterization of the spinel CoFe_2O_4 and NiFe_2O_4, and evaluation in the esterification and transesterification reaction of cottonseed oil for biodiesel. The samples were characterized by XRD, nitrogen adsorption/desorption (BET), SEM and transesterification e esterification reaction of the cottonseed oil for biodiesel. The results show that the synthesis was effective in achievement the CoFe_2O_4 and NiFe_2O_4 with surface area 23.75 and 18.18 m"2g"1. The results for esterification indicated that CoFe_2O_4 conversion 16.8 and 38.6%, however for transesterification reaction was observed that NiFe_2O_4 conversion 8.6 and 16.8% for ethanol and methanol, respectively. (author)

  19. Properties of ternary NiFeW alloy coating by jet electrodeposition

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    In this paper, ternary NiFeW alloy coatings were prepared by jet electrodeposition, and the effects of lord salt concentration, jet speed, current density and temperature on the properties of the coatings, including the composition, microhardness, surface morphology, structure and corrosion resistance, were investigated.

  20. Mechanical properties of molybdenum alloyed liquid phase-sintered tungsten-based composites

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kemp, P.B.; German, R.M.

    1995-01-01

    Tungsten-based composites are fabricated from mixed elemental powders using liquid phase sintering, usually with a nickel-iron matrix. During sintering, the tungsten undergoes grain growth, leading to microstructure coarsening that lowers strength but increases ductility. Often the desire is to increase strength at the sacrifice of ductility, and historically, this has been performed by postsintering deformation. There has been considerable research on alloying to adjust the as-sintered mechanical properties to match those of swaged alloys. Prior reports cover many additions, seemingly including much of the periodic table. Unfortunately, many of the modified alloys proved disappointing, largely due to degraded strength at the tungsten-matrix interface. Of these modified alloys, the molybdenum-containing systems exhibit a promising combination of properties, cost, and processing ease. For example, the 82W-8Mo-7Ni-3Fe alloy gives a yield strength that is 34% higher than the equivalent 90W-7Ni-3Fe alloy (from 535 to 715 MPa) but with a 33% decrease in fracture elongation (from 30 to 20% elongation). This article reports on experiments geared to promoting improved properties in the W-Mo-Ni-Fe alloys. However, unlike the prior research which maintained a constant Ni + Fe content and varied the W:Mo ratio, this study considers the Mo:(Ni + Fe) ratio effect for 82, 90, and 93 wt pct W

  1. Microstructure, Texture, and Mechanical Behavior of As-cast Ni-Fe-W Matrix Alloy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rao, A. Sambasiva; Manda, Premkumar; Mohan, M. K.; Nandy, T. K.; Singh, A. K.

    2018-04-01

    This article describes the tensile properties, flow, and work-hardening behavior of an experimental alloy 53Ni-29Fe-18W in as-cast condition. The microstructure of the alloy 53Ni-29Fe-18W displays single phase (fcc) in as-cast condition along with typical dendritic features. The bulk texture of the as-cast alloy reveals the triclinic sample symmetry and characteristic nature of coarse-grained materials. The alloy exhibits maximum strength ( σ YS and σ UTS) values along the transverse direction. The elongation values are maximum and minimum along the transverse and longitudinal directions, respectively. Tensile fracture surfaces of both the longitudinal and transverse samples display complete ductile fracture features. Two types of slip lines, namely, planar and intersecting, are observed in deformed specimens and the density of slip lines increases with increasing the amount of deformation. The alloy displays moderate in-plane anisotropy ( A IP) and reasonably low anisotropic index ( δ) values, respectively. The instantaneous or work-hardening rate curves portray three typical stages (I through III) along both the longitudinal and transverse directions. The alloy exhibits dislocation-controlled strain hardening during tensile testing, and slip is the predominant deformation mechanism.

  2. Crystallization of the amorphous Fe80Zr12B8 alloy under controlled heating

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Huang, H.; Shao, G.; Tsakiropoulos, P.

    2008-01-01

    The devitrification process of amorphous Fe 80 Zr 12 B 8 alloy ribbons were studied under controlled thermal conditions. The major crystallization event during continuous heating with differential scanning calorimetory (DSC) is dictated by diffusion controlled growth and the associated atom mobility of the slow diffusing species Zr. The existence of prior nano-crystals formed by pre-annealing below the crystallization temperature had little effect on the major crystallization temperature. The crystallization sequence during heating was: amorphous → amorphous + α-Fe + Fe 3 Zr(B) → amorphous + α-Fe + Fe 3 Zr(B) + Fe 2 Zr. Different from previous findings in alloys of lower Zr and B contents, the peak for the crystallization of the α-Fe phase alone is missing in the DSC traces of this alloy

  3. A detailed study of the amorphisation reaction in NiMo alloys by diffraction and scattering methods

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rose, P.

    1995-01-01

    X-ray and neutron diffraction and neutron small angle scattering (SAS) measurements have been made on NiMo specimens prepared by mechanical alloying (MA). We have extended our earlier studies and measured a new series of MA treated NiMo samples. Molybdenum scatters X-rays more strongly than nickel, but with neutrons, the reverse is the case. Analysis of the X-ray and neutron diffraction patterns together, therefore provides an accurate measurement of the consumption of both constituents in the reaction. The diffraction data on the new samples confirm that the consumption of the parent crystalline materials follows an exponential dependence with the time of MA treatment and also provides evidence of a ''delayed start'' to the reaction. This is consistent with an initial period of mixing of the constituents before the onset of (atomic) interdiffusion and amorphisation. The neutron SAS experiments have been made on Ni 47.7 Mo 52.3 MA treated specimens, which can be ''contrast-matched'' to reduce the scattering from the external surfaces of the powder grains. The new neutron SAS data confirm the presence of fractal surfaces between the alloy constituents, for samples in the early stages of the MA process. (orig.)

  4. Si effects on radiation induced segregation in high purity Fe-18Cr-14Ni alloys irradiated by Ni ions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ohta, Joji; Kako, Kenji; Mayuzumi, Masami; Kusanagi, Hideo; Suzuki, Takayoshi

    1999-01-01

    To illustrate the effects of the element Si on radiation induced segregation, which causes irradiation assisted stress corrosion cracking (IASCC), we investigated grain boundary chemistry of high purity Fe-18Cr-14Ni-Si alloys irradiated by Ni ions using FE-TEM. The addition of Si up to 1% does not affect the Cr depletion at grain boundaries, while it slightly enhances the depletion of Fe and the segregation of Ni and Si. The addition of 2% Si causes the depletion of Cr and Fe and the segregation of Ni and Si at grain boundaries. Thus, the Si content should be as low as possible. In order to reduce the depletion of Cr at grain boundaries, which is one of the major causes of IASCC, Si content should be less than 1%. (author)

  5. Influence of the chemical composition of rapidly quenched amorphous alloys (Ni, Fe, Cr)-B-Si on its crystallization process

    Science.gov (United States)

    Elmanov, G.; Dzhumaev, P.; Ivanitskaya, E.; Skrytnyi, V.; Ruslanov, A.

    2016-04-01

    This paper presents results of research of the structure and phase transformations during the multistage crystallization of the metallic glasses with the compositions Ni71,5Cr6,8Fe2,7B11,9Si7,1 and Ni63,4Cr7,4Fe4,3Mn0,8B15,6Si8,5 labeled as AWS BNi-2 according to American Welding Society. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX) were used as experimental research methods. The influence of the alloys chemical composition (boron, manganese and iron) on the temperatures and the exothermic heat effects of phase transformations, as well as on the phase composition of alloys at three stages of crystallization was analyzed. We present a thermodynamic explanation of the observed heat effects. It has been shown that manganese has the main influence on the phase transformations temperatures and heat effects in these two alloys. It is also assumed that at the final crystallization stage simultaneously with the formation of phases Ni3B and β1-Ni3Si should occur the nucleation of borides of CrB type with high Cr and low Si content.

  6. Inconel type resistive alloys based on ultrahigh purity nickel

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Matsarin, K.A.; Matsarin, S.K.

    2000-01-01

    The new nickel high-ohm alloys (ρ = 1.2-1.4 μOhm · m), containing the W, Al, Mo alloying elements in the quantity, not exceeding their solubility in a solid solution, are developed on the basis of the Inconel-type standard alloy. The optical composition of the alloy was determined by the results of the alloy was determined by the results of the electric resistance measurement and technological effectiveness indices (relative to the pressure and workable metal yield). The following optimal component concentrations were established: 14-17 %Cr; 10-12 %Fe; 0.5-1.0 %Cu; 1.0-1.5 %Mn; 0.1-0.2 %C; 0.4-0.6 %Si; 0.5-3.0 %W; 5-16 %Mo; 0.5-2.0 %Al; the remainder - Ni. The new alloys are recommended as materials for resistive elements of direct-glow cathode nodes of low capacity electron tubes [ru

  7. Thermal Expansion Properties of Fe-42Ni-Si Alloy Strips Fabricated by Melt Drag Casting Process

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kim, Moo Kyum; Ahn, Yong Sik; Namkung, Jeong; Kim, Moon Chul; Kim, Yong Chan

    2007-01-01

    Thermal expansion property was investigated on Fe-42% Ni alloy strip added by alloying element of Si of 0∼1.5wt.%. The strip was fabricated by a melt drag casting process. Addition of Si enlarged the solid-liquid region and reduced the melting point which leads to the increase of the formability of a strip. The alloy containing 0.6 wt.% Si showed the lowest thermal expansion ratio in the temperature range between 20 to 350 .deg. C. The grain size was increased with reduction ratio and annealing temperature, which resulted in the decrease of the thermal expansion coefficient of strip. Because of grain refining by precipitation of Ni 3 Fe, the alloy strip containing 1.5 wt.% Si showed higher thermal expansion ratio compared with the alloy containing 0.6 wt.% Si

  8. Superelasticity, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of the Ti–19Zr–10Nb–1Fe alloy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Xue, Pengfei [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191 (China); Key Laboratory of Aerospace Materials and Performance (Ministry of Education), Beihang University, Beijing 100191 (China); Li, Yan, E-mail: liyan@buaa.edu.cn [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191 (China); Key Laboratory of Aerospace Materials and Performance (Ministry of Education), Beihang University, Beijing 100191 (China); Li, Kangming [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191 (China); Key Laboratory of Aerospace Materials and Performance (Ministry of Education), Beihang University, Beijing 100191 (China); Zhang, Deyuan [Life Tech Scientific Corporation, Shenzhen 518057 (China); Zhou, Chungen [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191 (China)

    2015-05-01

    Microstructure, mechanical properties, superelasticity and biocompatibility of a Ti–19Zr–10Nb–1Fe alloy are investigated. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy observations show that the as-cast Ti–19Zr–10Nb–1Fe alloy is composed of α′ and β phases, but only the β phase exists in the as-rolled and as-quenched alloys. The tensile stress–strain tests indicate that the as-quenched alloy exhibits a good combination of mechanical properties with a large elongation of 25%, a low Young's modulus of 59 GPa and a high ultimate tensile stress of 723 MPa. Superelastic recovery behavior is found in the as-quenched alloy during tensile tests, and the corresponding maximum of superelastic strain is 4.7% at the pre-strain of 6%. A superelastic recovery of 4% with high stability is achieved after 10 cyclic loading–unloading training processes. Potentiodynamic polarization and ion release measurements indicate that the as-quenched alloy shows a lower corrosion rate in Hank's solution and a much less ion release rate in 0.9% NaCl solution than those of the NiTi alloys. Cell culture results indicate that the osteoblasts' adhesion and proliferation are similar on both the Ti–19Zr–10Nb–1Fe and NiTi alloys. A better hemocompatibility is confirmed for the as-quenched Ti–19Zr–10Nb–1Fe alloy, attributed to more stable platelet adhesion and small activation degree, and a much lower hemolysis rate compared with the NiTi alloy. - Highlights: • A stable superelastic strain of 4.0% is achieved for the Ti–19Zr–10Nb–1Fe alloy. • The ion release rates of Ti–19Zr–10Nb–1Fe are much lower than that of Ni in NiTi. • Ti–19Zr–10Nb–1Fe has a similar cytocompatibility compared with the NiTi alloy. • Ti–19Zr–10Nb–1Fe exhibits a better hemocompatibility than the NiTi alloy.

  9. Alloying Behavior and Properties of FeSiBAlNiCo x High Entropy Alloys Fabricated by Mechanical Alloying and Spark Plasma Sintering

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Wen; Li, Boyu; Zhai, Sicheng; Xu, Juan; Niu, Zuozhe; Xu, Jing; Wang, Yan

    2018-02-01

    In this paper, FeSiBAlNiCo x (x = 0.2, 0.8) high-entropy alloy (HEA) powders were fabricated by mechanical alloying process, and the powders milled for 140 h were sintered by spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. The microstructures and properties of as-milled powders and as-sintered samples were investigated. The results reveal that the final milling products (140 h) of both sample powders present the fully amorphous structure. The increased Co contents obviously enhance the glass forming ability and thermal stability of amorphous HEA powders, which are reflected by the shorter formation time of fully amorphous phase and the higher onset crystallization temperature, respectively. According to coercivity, the as-milled FeSiBAlNiCo x (x = 0.2, 0.8) powders (140 h) are the semi-hard magnetic materials. FeSiBAlNiCo0.8 HEA powders possess the highest saturation magnetization and largest remanence ratio. The SPS-ed products of both bulk HEAs are composed of body-centered cubic solid solution, and FeSi and FeB intermetallic phases. They possess the high relative density above 97% and excellent microhardness exceeding 1150 HV. The as-sintered bulks undergo the remarkable increase in saturation magnetization compared with the as-milled state. The SPS-ed FeSiBAlNiCo0.8 HEA exhibits the soft magnetic properties. The electrochemical corrosion test is carried out in 3.5% NaCl solution. The SPS-ed FeSiBAlNiCo0.2 HEA reveals the better passivity with low passive current density, and the higher pitting resistance with wide passive region.

  10. Comparison of three Ni-Hard I alloys

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dogan, Omer N.; Hawk, Jeffrey A.; Rice, J. (Texaloy Foundry Co., Inc., Floresville, Texas)

    2004-09-01

    This report documents the results of an investigation which was undertaken to reveal the similarities and differences in the mechanical properties and microstructural characteristics of three Ni-Hard I alloys. One alloy (B1) is ASTM A532 class IA Ni-Hard containing 4.2 wt. pct. Ni. The second alloy (B2) is similar to B1 but higher in Cr, Si, and Mo. The third alloy (T1) also falls in the same ASTM specification, but it contains 3.3 wt. pct. Ni. The alloys were evaluated in both as-cast and stress-relieved conditions except for B2, which was evaluated in the stress-relieved condition only. While the matrix of the high Ni alloys is composed of austenite and martensite in both conditions, the matrix of the low Ni alloy consists of a considerable amount of bainite, in addition to the martensite and the retained austenite in as cast condition, and primarily bainite, with some retained austenite, in the stress relieved condition. It was found that the stress relieving treatment does not change the tensile strength of the high Ni alloy. Both the as cast and stress relieved high Ni alloys had a tensile strength of about 350 MPa. On the other hand, the tensile strength of the low Ni alloy increased from 340 MPa to 452 MPa with the stress relieving treatment. There was no significant difference in the wear resistance of these alloys in both as-cast and stressrelieved conditions.

  11. Strength of metallic glasses at 4.2-300 K

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tabachnikova, E.D.

    1987-01-01

    Investigation into temperature dependence of metallic glass strength (Ni 78 Si 8 B 14 ; Fe 40 Ni 38 Mo 4 B 18 ; Fe 25 Ni 55 Si 10 B 1 0 ; Fe 61 Co 20 Si 4 B 15 ) is conducted within 300-4.2 K temperature interval. By the character of σ (T) x dependence and fracture mode the alloys investigated are subdivided into two groups. In 1 group alloys the fracture up to 4.2 K has the character typical of ductile fracture. In the second group alloys fracture acquires brittle character with the temperature decrease

  12. Certain structural properties of the phase-binder of the alloys in W-Ni-Fe system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Minakova, R.V.; Storchak, N.A.; Verkhovodov, P.A.; Bazhenova, L.G.; Poltoratskaya, V.L.

    1980-01-01

    The paper is concerned with effect of cooling conditions and subsequent heat treatment on grain size, lattice parameter and distribution of composing elements in the phase-binder of the W-Ni-Fe-alloy. The X-ray diffraction analysis was used to determine that the phase-binder structure depends on the heat treatment after liquid-phase sintering and consists of coarse grains with a diameter 3-8 mm for the annealed W-Ni-Fe-alloy decreasing to 40-100 μm at slow cooling. The determined change in solubility and of grain interface enrichment with tungsten in the phase-binder

  13. A comparison of etchants for quantitative metallography of bainite and martensite microstructures in Fe-C-Mo alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shui, C.K.; Reynolds, W.T. Jr.; Shiflet, G.J.; Aaronson, H.I.

    1988-01-01

    Quantitative metallography is the most reliable method available for evaluating isothermal transformation kinetics in steel. However, the accuracy of this method depends on the metallographer's ability to reveal the microstructural constituents of a specimen with sufficient contrast to allow rapid identification either by manual techniques or through the use of an automatic image analyzer. Many of the reagents commonly employed to etch steels do not consistently expose all orientations of ferrite and are thus unsatisfactory for quantitative metallographic studies. Recent research on the kinetics of the bainite reaction in Fe-C-Mo alloys has led to the development of reliable methods for etching microstructures consisting of bainite andor ferrite and various proportions of martensite. This article compares a number of reagents used in studying Fe-C-Mo alloys, having carbon contents ranging from 0.08 to 0.27 wt% and molybdenum contents from 0.25 to 4.28 wt%. These alloys are isothermally reacted at temperatures ranging from slightly above that of the bay in the TTT curve for initiation of transformation down nearly to the M/sub s/. The authors evaluate their suitability for quantitative metallography

  14. Ferromagnetic resonance study of sputtered NiFe/V/NiFe heterostructures

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Alayo, W., E-mail: willian.rodriguez@ufpel.edu.br [Departamento de Física – IFM, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-900 Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil); Pelegrini, F. [Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 74001-970 (Brazil); Baggio-Saitovitch, E. [Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-180 (Brazil)

    2015-03-01

    The Ni{sub 81}Fe{sub 19}/V/Ni{sub 81}Fe{sub 19} heterostructures has been produced by magnetron sputtering and analyzed by ferromagnetic resonance. Two systems were investigated: the non symmetrical NiFe(50 Å)/V(t)/NiFe(30 Å) trilayers and the symmetrical NiFe(80 Å)/V(t)/NiFe(80 Å) trilayers, with variable ultrathin V thickness t. Ferromagnetic exchange coupling was evidenced for t below 10 Å by the excitation of the optic mode, in the case of the non symmetrical samples, and by the observation of a single resonance mode for the symmetrical trilayers. For larger V thickness, all samples exhibited two modes, which were attributed to the resonance of the individual NiFe layers with different effective magnetizations. The analysis with the equilibrium and resonance conditions provided the exchange coupling constants and effective magnetizations. - Highlights: • We present a study of symmetrical and non symmetrical NiFe/V/NiFe trilayers deposited on Si single crystals by ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) at room temperature. • For the non symmetrical trilayers, the FMR spectra show the optic and acoustic modes for samples with very thin V layer thicknesses, evidencing ferromagnetic exchange coupling, whereas, for larger V thickness, the spectra exhibited two well resolved modes associated to each independent NiFe layer. For the symmetrical trilayers, strong ferromagnetic exchange coupling is evidenced by the observation of a single resonance mode. • The analysis with the equilibrium condition and dispersion relation provides the exchange coupling constants and effective magnetizations.

  15. Stress-induced Curie temperature increase in the Fe{sub 64}Ni{sub 36} invar alloy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gorria, Pedro; Martinez-Blanco, David; Blanco, Jesus A. [Departamento de Fisica, Universidad de Oviedo (Spain); Boada, Roberto; Chaboy, Jesus [ICMA and Departamento de Fisica de la Materia Condensada, CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza (Spain); Fernandez-Martinez, Alejandro [LGIT, University of Grenoble and CNRS, Maison des Geosciences, Grenoble (France); Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble (France); Garbarino, Gaston; Castro, German R.; Mezouar, Mohamed [European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble (France); Smith, Ronald I. [ISIS Facility, RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon (United Kingdom); Alonso, J.I.G. [Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo (Spain); Hernando, Antonio [Instituto de Magnetismo Aplicado, UCM-ADIF-CSIC, Madrid (Spain)

    2009-05-15

    Structural and magnetic changes on invar Fe{sub 64}Ni{sub 36} alloy (T{sub C}=500 K) produced by mechanical milling followed by heating up to 1073 K, were investigated by neutron diffraction, magnetization measurements, X-ray diffraction under high pressures and X-ray absorption at both Fe and Ni K-edges. We argue that the strain induced in the Fe{sub 64}Ni{sub 36} material after this treatment mainly affects the Fe sites due to the magnetovolume coupling, the most notorious feature being the increase of the Curie temperature ({delta}T{sub C}=70 K). (copyright 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (orig.)

  16. Interaction between solute atoms and radiation defects in Fe-Ni-Si and Fe-Mn-Si alloys under irradiation with proton ions at low-temperature

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Murakami, Kenta, E-mail: murakami@tokai.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp [Nuclear Professional School, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 2-22 Shirakata-Shirane, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki, 319-1188 (Japan); Iwai, Takeo, E-mail: iwai@med.id.yamagata-u.ac.jp [Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, Yamagata-shi, 990-9585 (Japan); Abe, Hiroaki [Nuclear Professional School, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 2-22 Shirakata-Shirane, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki, 319-1188 (Japan); Sekimura, Naoto, E-mail: sekimura@n.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp [Department of Nuclear Engineering and Management, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo, 113-8656 (Japan)

    2016-12-15

    Isochronal annealing followed by residual resistivity measurements at 12 K was performed in Fe-0.6Ni-0.6Si and Fe-1.5Mn-0.6Si alloys irradiated with 1 MeV proton ions below 70 K, and recovery stages were compared with those of Fe–0.6Ni and Fe–1.5Mn. The effects of silicon addition in the Fe-Ni alloy was observed as the appearance of a new recovery stage at 282–372 K, presumably corresponding to clustering of solute atoms in matrix, and as a change in mixed dumbbell migration at 122–142 K. Silicon addition mitigated the manganese effect in Fe–Mn alloy that is obstructing the recovery of radiation defects. Reduction of resistivity in Fe-Mn-Si alloy also suggested formation of small solute atom clusters.

  17. Crevice-corrosion kinetics on titanium and a Ti-Ni-Mo alloy in chloride solutions at elevated temperature

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    McKay, P.

    1987-01-01

    The results of an electrochemical investigation of the crevice-corrosion kinetics on titanium and a dilute Ti-Ni-Mo alloy (0.8% Ni, 0.3% Mo), in concentrated chloride solutions at 150 0 C, are presented. The current-time transients, obtained on creviced electrodes under both potentiostatic and galvanic (coupling to a large area of uncreviced titanium) conditions, are interpreted in terms of crevice acidification leading to the formation of an active-passive cell, maintained by iR gradient in the electrolyte. The passivating effect of the Ni and Mo additions on the crevice corrosion of titanium are described, together with the results of an electrochemical study, carried out in bulk acid chloride solutions, that were used to substantiate a proposed mechanism of crevice passivation. (author)

  18. Note: Erosion of W-Ni-Fe and W-Cu alloy electrodes in repetitive spark gaps.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wu, Jiawei; Han, Ruoyu; Ding, Weidong; Qiu, Aici; Tang, Junping

    2018-02-01

    A pair of W-Ni-Fe and W-Cu electrodes were tested under 100 kA level pulsed currents for 10 000 shots, respectively. Surface roughness and morphology characteristics of the two pairs of electrodes were obtained and compared. Experimental results indicated cracks divided the W-Cu electrode surface to polygons while the W-Ni-Fe electrode surface remained as a whole with pits and protrusions. Accordingly, the surface roughness of W-Ni-Fe electrodes increased to ∼3 μm while that of W-Cu electrodes reached ∼7 μm at the end of the test. The results reveal that the W-Ni-Fe alloy has a better erosion resistance and potential to be further applied in spark gaps.

  19. Corrosive and cytotoxic properties of compact specimens and microparticles of Ni-Cr dental alloy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ristic, Ljubisa; Vucevic, Dragana; Radovic, Ljubica; Djordjevic, Snezana; Nikacevic, Milutin; Colic, Miodrag

    2014-04-01

    Nickel-chromium (Ni-Cr) dental alloys have been widely used in prosthodontic practice, but there is a permanent concern about their biocompatibility due to the release of metal ions. This is especially important when Ni-Cr metal microparticles are incorporated into gingival tissue during prosthodontic procedures. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine and compare the corrosion and cytotoxic properties of compact specimens and microparticles of Ni-Cr dental alloy. Ni-Cr alloy, Remanium CSe bars (4 mm diameter), were made by the standard casting method and then cut into 0.5-mm-thick disks. Metal particles were obtained by scraping the bars using a diamond instrument for crown preparation. The microstructure was observed by an optical microscope. Quantitative determination and morphological and dimensional characterization of metal particles were carried out by a scanning electron microscope and Leica Application Suite software for image analysis. Corrosion was studied by conditioning the alloy specimens in the RPMI 1640 medium, containing 10% fetal calf serum in an incubator with 5% CO2 for 72 hours at 37°C. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry was used to assess metal ion release. The cytotoxity of conditioning medium (CM) was investigated on L929 cells using an MTT test. One-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. After casting, the microstructure of the Remanium CSe compact specimen composed of Ni, Cr, Mo, Si, Fe, Al, and Co had a typical dendritic structure. Alloy microparticles had an irregular shape with a wide size range: from less than 1 μm to more than 100 μm. The release of metal ions, especially Ni and Mo from microparticles, was significantly higher, compared to the compact alloy specimen. The CM prepared from compact alloy was not cytotoxic at any tested dilutions, whereas CM from alloy microparticles showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity (90% CM and 45% CM versus control; p alloy. This could affect health on long

  20. Composition pathway in Fe-Cu-Ni alloy during coarsening

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mukherjee, Rajdip; Choudhury, Abhik; Nestler, Britta

    2013-10-01

    In this work the microstructure evolution for a two phase Fe-Cu-Ni ternary alloy is studied in order to understand the kinetic composition paths during coarsening of precipitates. We have employed a quantitative phase-field model utilizing the CALPHAD database to simulate the temporal evolution of a multi-particle system in a two-dimensional domain. The paths for the far-field matrix and for precipitate average compositions obtained from simulation are found to be rectilinear. The trends are compared with the corresponding sharp interface theory, in the context of an additional degree of freedom for determining the interface compositions due to the Gibbs-Thomson effect in a ternary alloy.

  1. Experimental and Thermodynamic Study of Selected in-Situ Composites from the Fe-Cr-Ni-Mo-C System

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wieczerzak K.

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available The aim of the study was to synthesize and characterize the selected in-situ composites from the Fe-Cr-Ni-Mo-C system, additionally strengthened by intermetallic compounds. The project of the alloys was supported by thermodynamic simulations using Calculation of Phase Diagram approach via Thermo-Calc. Selected alloys were synthesized in an arc furnace in a high purity argon atmosphere using a suction casting unit. The studies involved a range of experimental techniques to characterize the alloys in the as-cast state, including optical emission spectrometry, light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe analysis, X-ray diffraction and microhardness tests. These experimental studies were compared with the Thermo-Calc data and high resolution dilatometry. The results of investigations presented in this paper showed that there is a possibility to introduce intermetallic compounds, such as χ and σ, through modification of the chemical composition of the alloy with respect to Nieq and Creq. It was found that the place of intermetallic compounds precipitation strongly depends on matrix nature. Results presented in this paper may be successfully used to build a systematic knowledge about the group of alloys with a high volume fraction of complex carbides, and high physicochemical properties, additionally strengthened by intermetallic compounds.

  2. Tensile ductility of an AlCoCrFeNi multi-phase high-entropy alloy through hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and homogenization

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Tang, Zhi, E-mail: Zhi.Tang@alcoa.com [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 (United States); Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 (United States); Senkov, Oleg N. [Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433 (United States); Parish, Chad M. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 (United States); Zhang, Chuan; Zhang, Fan [CompuTherm LLC, 437 S. Yellowstone Dr., Suite 217, Madison, WI 53719 (United States); Santodonato, Louis J. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 (United States); Wang, Gongyao [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 (United States); Zhao, Guangfeng; Yang, Fuqian [Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 (United States); Liaw, Peter K., E-mail: pliaw@utk.edu [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 (United States)

    2015-10-28

    The microstructure and phase composition of an AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) were studied in as-cast (AlCoCrFeNi-AC, AC represents as-cast) and homogenized (AlCoCrFeNi-HP, HP signifies hot isostatic pressed and homogenized) conditions. The AlCoCrFeNi-AC ally has a dendritric structure in the consisting primarily of a nano-lamellar mixture of A2 (disordered body-centered-cubic (BCC)) and B2 (ordered BCC) phases, formed by an eutectic reaction. The homogenization heat treatment, consisting of hot isostatic pressed for 1 h at 1100 °C, 207 MPa and annealing at 1150 °C for 50 h, resulted in an increase in the volume fraction of the A1 phase and formation of a Sigma (σ) phase. Tensile properties in as-cast and homogenized conditions are reported at 700 °C. The ultimate tensile strength was virtually unaffected by heat treatment, and was 396±4 MPa at 700 °C. However, homogenization produced a noticeable increase in ductility. The AlCoCrFeNi-AC alloy showed a tensile elongation of only 1.0%, while after the heat-treatment, the elongation of AlCoCrFeNi-HP was 11.7%. Thermodynamic modeling of non-equilibrium and equilibrium phase diagrams for the AlCoCrFeNi HEA gave good agreement with the experimental observations of the phase contents in the AlCoCrFeNi-AC and AlCoCrFeNi-HP. The reasons for the improvement of ductility after the heat treatment and the crack initiation subjected to tensile loading were discussed.

  3. Low Temperature Diffusion Transformations in Fe-Ni-Ti Alloys During Deformation and Irradiation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sagaradze, Victor; Shabashov, Valery; Kataeva, Natalya; Kozlov, Kirill; Arbuzov, Vadim; Danilov, Sergey; Ustyugov, Yury

    2018-03-01

    The deformation-induced dissolution of Ni3Ti intermetallics in the matrix of austenitic alloys of Fe-36Ni-3Ti type was revealed in the course of their cascade-forming neutron irradiation and cold deformation at low temperatures via employment of Mössbauer method. The anomalous deformation-related dissolution of the intermetallics has been explained by the migration of deformation-induced interstitial atoms from the particles into a matrix in the stress field of moving dislocations. When rising the deformation temperature, this process is substituted for by the intermetallics precipitation accelerated by point defects. A calculation of diffusion processes has shown the possibility of the realization of the low-temperature diffusion of interstitial atoms in configurations of the crowdions and dumbbell pairs at 77-173 K. The existence of interstitial atoms in the Fe-36Ni alloy irradiated by electrons or deformed at 77 K was substantiated in the experiments of the electrical resistivity measurements.

  4. Neutron diffraction study on the crystal and magnetic structures of arc-melted PrFe10.5Mo1.1C0.4 alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Du Honglin; Xue Yanjie; Zhang Baisheng; Mao Weihua; Yang Jinbo; Cheng Benpei; Yang Yingchang

    1999-01-01

    The crystal and magnetic structures, especially the site occupation of C atoms in the crystal cell of arc-melted PrFe 10.5 Mo 1.1 C 0.4 permanent magnetic alloy have been determined by means of powder neutron diffraction study. Rietveld analysis of the neutron diffraction data indicates that Mo atoms prefers the 8i site, about 76 percent of the C atoms occupy the 8i substitution site, and the other part of C atoms enter the 2b interstitial site. The exact molecular formula should be Pr(Fe 10.575 Mo 1.250 C 0.1.75 C 0.055 . It seems that the site occupation of C atoms in the ThMn 12 -type carbides depends not only on the kind of substitutional transition metals, but also on the components of the substitutional transition metals in the compounds. There are still amount of work to make systematic studies on the relation between them. The effect of C atoms on the magnetic properties is also discussed. (author)

  5. Liquid phase interaction in TiC0,5N0,5-TiNi-Mo and TiC0,5N0,5-TiNi-Ti-Mo

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Askarova, L.Kh; Grigorov, I.G.; Zajnulin, Yu.G.

    1998-01-01

    Using the methods of X ray diffraction analysis, electron microscopy and X ray spectrum microanalysis a study was made into specific features of phase and structure formation in alloys TiC 0,5 N 0,5 -TiNi-Mo and TiC 0,5 N 0,5 -TiNi-Mo in the presence of a liquid phase at temperatures of 1380-1600 deg C. It is revealed that the physical and chemical processes taking place during the liquid-phase sintering result in the formation of a three-phase alloy consisting of nonstoichiometric titanium carbonitride TiC 0.5-x N 0.5-x , a molybdenum base solid solution of titanium, nickel and carbon Mo(Ti, Ni, C) and one of two intermetallic compounds, either TiNi or Ni 3 Ti. Metallic element concentration in individual phase constituents of the alloy is determined by means of X ray spectrum microanalysis

  6. Enhancement of magnetocaloric effect by external hydrostatic pressure in MnNi0.75Fe0.25Ge alloy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mandal, K.; Dutta, P.; Dasgupta, P.; Pramanick, S.; Chatterjee, S.

    2018-06-01

    A systematic investigation on the structural and magnetic properties of an Fe-doped MnNiGe alloy with nominal composition MnNi0.75Fe0.25Ge has been performed. Temperature dependent x-ray diffraction studies indicate a clear structural phase transition (martensitic type) from the high temperature hexagonal austenite phase (space group P63/mmc) to the low temperature orthorhombic martensite phase (space group Pnma). Interestingly, about 1.4% of the high temperature hexagonal phase has been observed at 15 K, which is well below the martensitic phase transition (MPT) temperature. The studied alloy is found to be ferromagnetic in nature at the lowest temperature of measurement and the saturation moment increases in the presence of external hydrostatic pressure (P). In addition, it shows a significantly large conventional (negative) magnetocaloric effect with an adiabatic entropy change () of about ‑16.2 J kg‑1 K‑1 around the MPT for a magnetic field changing from 0  →  5 T. The most interesting observation is the  ∼40.1% increase in the peak value of on application of 6 kbar of external P. A considerable increment in the refrigeration capacity has also been noted with the applied P.

  7. Effect of alloying element on mechanical and oxidation properties of Ni-Cr-Mo-Co alloys at 950 °C

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kim, Dong-Jin, E-mail: djink@kaeri.re.kr; Jung, Su Jin; Mun, Byung Hak; Kim, Sung Woo; Lim, Yun Soo; Kim, Woo Gon; Hwang, Seong Sik; Kim, Hong Pyo

    2016-12-01

    Graphical abstract: Mo rich carbide was developed leading to significant increase of elongation to rupture and creep rupture time of Ni-Cr-Co-Mo alloy at 950 °C. Al addition improved corrosion resistance caused by enhancement of oxide/matrix interface stability. Abstract: The very-high-temperature reactor (VHTR) is a promising Generation-IV reactor design given its clear advantage regarding the production of massive amounts of hydrogen and in generating highly efficient electricity despite the fact that a material challenge remains at a high temperature of around 950 °C, where hydrogen production is possible under high pressure. In particular, among the many components composing a VHTR, the temperature of the intermediate heat exchanger (IHX) is expected to be the highest, with a coolant environment of up to 950 °C. Therefore, this work focuses on the mechanical and oxidation properties at 950 °C as a function of the alloying elements of Cr, Co, Mo, Al, and Ti constituting nickel-based alloys fabricated in a laboratory. The tensile, creep, and oxidation properties of the alloying elements were analyzed with SEM, TEM-EDS, and by assessing the weight change.

  8. Bio-dissolution of Ni, V and Mo from spent petroleum catalyst using iron oxidizing bacteria.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pradhan, Debabrata; Kim, Dong J; Roychaudhury, Gautam; Lee, Seoung W

    2010-01-01

    Bioleaching studies of spent petroleum catalyst containing Ni, V and Mo were carried out using iron oxidizing bacteria. Various leaching parameters such as Fe(II) concentration, pulp density, pH, temperature and particle size were studied to evaluate their effects on the leaching efficiency as well as the kinetics of dissolution. The percentage of leaching of Ni and V were higher than Mo. The leaching process followed a diffusion controlled model and the product layer was observed to be impervious due to formation of ammonium jarosite (NH(4))Fe(3)(SO(4))(2)(OH)(6). Apart from this, the lower leaching efficiency of Mo was due to a hydrophobic coating of elemental sulfur over Mo matrix in the spent catalyst. The diffusivities of the attacking species for Ni, V and Mo were also calculated.

  9. Response of metallic glasses Fe40Ni40P14B6 and Fe80B20 to irradiation with 800-MeV protons

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cost, J.R.; Sommer, W.F.

    1981-01-01

    Metallic glasses with compositions of Fe 40 Ni 40 P 14 B 6 and Fe 80 B 20 were irradiated in the 800 MeV proton beam at the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility while the electrical resistance and length changes were monitored. The resistance and the length of the first alloy were both found to increase and saturate with dose to ΔR/R approx. = 5 x 10 -3 and ΔL/L approx. = 2 x 10 -3 . For the second alloy the total dose of 1.1 x 10 19 p/cm 2 , which was calculated to give roughly 0.12 dpa, was slightly less than that required for saturation. No annealing of these increases was observed for anneals from room temperature to 250 0 C. These results are interpreted in terms of a model in which collision cascades create small regions of increased atomic disorder which fully overlap each other at saturation

  10. Development of Mo base alloys for conductive metal-alumina cermet applications

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Stephens, J.J.; Damkroger, B.K.; Monroe, S.L.

    1996-01-01

    A study of thermal expansion for binary Mo-V and ternary Mo-V-Fe/Mo-V-Co alloys has been conducted, with the aim of finding a composition which matches the CTE of 94% alumina ceramic. The overall goal was to identify an alloy which can be used in conductive 27 vol.% metal/73 vol.% alumina cermets. Besides thermal expansion properties, two additional requirements exist for this alloy: (1) compatibility with a hydrogen sinter fire atmosphere and (2) a single phase BCC microstructure. They have identified a ternary alloy with a nominal composition of Mo-22wt.% V-3Fe for use in cermet fabrication efforts. This paper summarizes thermal expansion properties of the various alloys studied, and compares the results with previous CTE data for Mo-V binary alloys

  11. Effect of current density and pH in obtaining the Ni-Fe alloy by electrodeposition; Efeito da densidade de corrente e pH na obtencao da liga Ni-Fe por eletrodeposicao

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Oliveira, Jose Anderson Machado; Raulino, Anamelia de Medeiros Dantas; Raulino, Jose Leonardo Costa; Campos, Ana Regina Nascimento; Prasad, Shiva; Santana, Renato Alexandre Costa de, E-mail: jmo.anderson@gmail.com, E-mail: anameliadantas@yahoo.com.br, E-mail: leonardo.jcr@hotmail.com, E-mail: arncampos@yahoo.com.br, E-mail: prasad@deq.ufcg.edu.br, E-mail: renatoacs@ufcg.edu.br [Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG), Cuite, PB (Brazil). Lab. de Eletroquimica e Corrosao

    2017-01-15

    Metallic coatings can be applied for different purposes, for example to improve the mechanical, catalytic, anti corrosive properties or simply to improve the decorative appearance. In the work the Fe-Ni alloys have been obtained by electrodeposition process using a simple electrolytic bath containing the reagents, nickel sulfate, iron sulfate and sodium tartrate. A complete experimental design 2{sup 2} , associated with the response surface methodology (RSM) technique was used as optimization tool. Chemical composition, current efficiency, surface morphology and electrochemical corrosion measures were performed. It was observed that a decrease in the pH favored an increase in iron and decrease in nickel contents in the alloy. The iron content influenced the alloy morphology. The best experiment showed an average corrosion resistance 5471.5 Ω.cm² and a corrosion current density 4.814x10{sup -6} A/cm². This experiment presented a composition of 70 wt% Ni and 30 wt% Fe in the alloy and an average deposition current efficiency of 58.7%. (author)

  12. Seaurchin-like hierarchical NiCo2O4@NiMoO4 core-shell nanomaterials for high performance supercapacitors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Qiang; Deng, Yanghua; Hu, Zhonghua; Liu, Yafei; Yao, Mingming; Liu, Peipei

    2014-11-14

    A novel electrode material of the three-dimensional (3D) multicomponent oxide NiCo2O4@NiMoO4 core-shell was synthesized via a facile two-step hydrothermal method using a post-annealing procedure. The uniform NiMoO4 nanosheets were grown on the seaurchin-like NiCo2O4 backbone to form a NiCo2O4@NiMoO4 core-shell material constructed by interconnected ultrathin nanosheets, so as to produce hierarchical mesopores with a large specific surface area of 100.3 m(2) g(-1). The porous feature and core-shell structure can facilitate the penetration of electrolytic ions and increases the number of electroactive sites. Hence, the NiCo2O4@NiMoO4 material exhibited a high specific capacitance of 2474 F g(-1) and 2080 F g(-1) at current densities of 1 A g(-1) and 20 A g(-1) respectively, suggesting that it has not only a very large specific capacitance, but also a good rate performance. In addition, the capacitance loss was only 5.0% after 1000 cycles of charge and discharge tests at the current density of 10 A g(-1), indicating high stability. The excellent electrochemical performance is mainly attributed to its 3D core-shell and hierarchical mesoporous structures which can provide unobstructed pathways for the fast diffusion and transportation of ions and electrons, a large number of active sites and good strain accommodation.

  13. On the nature of the variation of martensitic transformation hysteresis and SME characteristics in Fe-Ni-base alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Koval, Yu.N.; Monastyrsky, G.E.

    1995-01-01

    The purpose of this paper is to summarize the various investigations, both by the authors and other works, concerning with the martensitic transformation and SME in Fe-Ni-base alloys. The thermal hysteresis dependence on the alloying elements and thermal treatments are surveyed. The contribution and effect on SME characteristics of widely used alloying elements such as Ti, Nb, Ni, Al, Co, Ta and peculiarities of thermal treatment are discussed. It is noted the main goal of these treatments is to reduce the symmetry of transformation by the ordering or precipitation of a fine coherent phase. The physical principles of transformation hysteresis manipulation in Fe-base alloys is discussed and it concluded that the thermal cycling behavior of Fe-base alloys is very complex and is not clearly understood at present. On the other hand, it is pointed out that thermal cycling is an effective method for control and improvement of SME in these alloys. It is concluded that Fe-base alloys are highly evolved shape memory materials-having a wide working range, good workability and are relatively cheap. In addition, the properties are easily controlled by suitably alloying, aging and thermal cycling. (orig.)

  14. Crystal structures and magnetic properties of iron (III)-based phosphates: Na4NiFe(PO4)3 and Na2Ni2Fe(PO4)3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Essehli, Rachid; Bali, Brahim El; Benmokhtar, Said; Bouziane, Khalid; Manoun, Bouchaib; Abdalslam, Mouner Ahmed; Ehrenberg, Helmut

    2011-01-01

    Graphical abstract: A perspective view of the Na 2 Ni 2 Fe(PO 4 ) 3 structure along the [0 0 1] direction. Both compounds seem to exibit antiferromagnetic interactions between magnetic entities at low temperature. Display Omitted Research highlights: → Nasicon and Alluaudite compounds, Iron(III)-based phosphates, Crystal structures of Na 4 NiFe(PO 4 ) 3 and Na 2 Ni 2 Fe(PO 4 ) 3 . → Magnetism behaviours of Na 4 NiFe(PO 4 ) 3 and Na 2 Ni 2 Fe(PO 4 ) 3 . → Antiferromagnetism interactions. → Mossbauer spectroscopy. - Abstract: Crystal structures from two new phosphates Na 4 NiFe(PO 4 ) 3 (I) and Na 2 Ni 2 Fe(PO 4 ) 3 (II) have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compound (I) crystallizes in a rhombohedral system (S. G: R-3c, Z = 6, a = 8.7350(9) A, c = 21.643(4) A, R 1 = 0.041, wR 2 =0.120). Compound (II) crystallizes in a monoclinic system (S. G: C2/c, Z = 4, a = 11.729(7) A, b = 12.433(5) A, c = 6.431(2) A, β = 113.66(4) o , R 1 = 0.043, wR 2 =0.111). The three-dimensional structure of (I) is closely related to the Nasicon structural type, consisting of corner sharing [(Ni/Fe)O 6 ] octahedra and [PO 4 ] tetrahedra forming [NiFe(PO 4 ) 3 ] 4+ units which align in chains along the c-axis. The Na + cations fill up trigonal antiprismatic sites within these chains. The crystal structure of (II) belongs to the alluaudite type. Its open framework results from [Ni 2 O 10 ] units of edge-sharing [NiO 6 ] octahedra, which alternate with [FeO 6 ] octahedra that form infinite chains. Coordination of these chains yields two distinct tunnels in which site Na + . The magnetization data of compound (I) reveal antiferromagnetic (AFM) interactions by the onset of deviations from a Curie-Weiss behaviour at low temperature as confirmed by Moessbauer measurements performed at 4.2 K. The corresponding temperature dependence of the reciprocal susceptibility χ -1 follows a typical Curie-Weiss behaviour for T > 105 K. A canted AFM state is proposed for

  15. Investigation of phase stability of novel equiatomic FeCoNiCuZn based-high entropy alloy prepared by mechanical alloying

    Science.gov (United States)

    Soni, Vinay Kumar; Sanyal, S.; Sinha, S. K.

    2018-05-01

    The present work reports the structural and phase stability analysis of equiatomic FeCoNiCuZn High entropy alloy (HEA) systems prepared by mechanical alloying (MA) method. In this research effort some 1287 alloy combinations were extensively studied to arrive at most favourable combination. FeCoNiCuZn based alloy system was selected on the basis of physiochemical parameters such as enthalpy of mixing (ΔHmix), entropy of mixing (ΔSmix), atomic size difference (ΔX) and valence electron concentration (VEC) such that it fulfils the formation criteria of stable multi component high entropy alloy system. In this context, we have investigated the effect of novel alloying addition in view of microstructure and phase formation aspect. XRD plots of the MA samples shows the formation of stable solid solution with FCC (Face Cantered Cubic) after 20 hr of milling time and no indication of any amorphous or intermetallic phase formation. Our results are in good agreement with calculation and analysis done on the basis of physiochemical parameters during selection of constituent elements of HEA.

  16. Anodic electrochemical treatment of amorphous alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Isaev, N.I.; Yakovlev, V.B.; Osipov, Eh.K.; Isaev, A.V.; Trofimova, E.A.; Vasil'ev, V.Yu.

    1983-01-01

    The aim of the investigation is to reveal peculiarities of the process of anodic oxidation and properties of anode oxide films, formed on the surface of amorphous alloys. Amorphous alloys on the base of rectifying metals of Zr-Ni, Zr-Cu-Ni, Zr-Al-Ni, Zr-Cu-Sn, Zr-Al, Zr-Mo systems are studied. Electrolytes which do not dissolve or weakly dissolve oxide film, such as boric acid electrolyte (40-45 g/l H 3 BO 3 and 18 cm 3 /l of the 25% aqueous NH 4 OH solution) and 20% H 2 SO 4 solution, are used for oxidation. Results of investigations, carried out on amorphous alloys, contaning noticeable quantities of non-rectifying components - Cu, Ni, Sn, Fe, Mo etc - have shown that non-rectifying components harden a process of anodic oxidation and decrease the current efficiency. Amorphous alloys, containing only rectifying components are oxidated in anodic way, the regularities of film growth being similar to those obtained for crystalline materials

  17. Ultrathin NiO/NiFe2O4 Nanoplates Decorated Graphene Nanosheets with Enhanced Lithium Storage Properties

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Du, Dejian; Yue, Wenbo; Fan, Xialu; Tang, Kun; Yang, Xiaojing

    2016-01-01

    Highlights: • Ultrathin NiO/NiFe 2 O 4 nanoplates derived from NiFe layered double hydroxides are fabricated on the graphene. • NiO/NiFe 2 O 4 nanoplates on the graphene show superior electrochemical performance compared to pure NiO/NiFe 2 O 4 aggregates. • The effects of the content and the particle size/component of NiO/NiFe 2 O 4 on the electrochemical performances are studied. • Graphene-encapsulated NiO/NiFe 2 O 4 is prepared and shows slightly decreased performance compared to graphene-based composite. - Abstract: As anode materials for lithium-ion batteries, bicomponent metal oxide composites show high reversible capacities; but the morphology and particle size of the composites are hardly controllable, which may reduce their electrochemical properties. In this work, ultrathin NiO/NiFe 2 O 4 nanoplates with a diameter of 5 ∼ 7 nm and a thickness of ∼2 nm are controllably fabricated on the graphene derived from NiFe layered double hydroxides (NiFe-LDHs), and exhibit superior electrochemical performance compared to pure NiO/NiFe 2 O 4 aggregates without graphene. The nanosized NiO and NiFe 2 O 4 plates are separated from each other and the graphene substrate can prevent the aggregation of NiO/NiFe 2 O 4 as well as enhance the electronic conductivity of the composite, which is beneficial to improving the electrochemical performance. Moreover, the effects of the content and the particle size/component of NiO/NiFe 2 O 4 on the electrochemical performances are also studied in order to achieve optimal performance. Ultrathin NiO/NiFe 2 O 4 nanoplates are further encapsulated by graphene nanosheets and show slightly decreased performance compared to those supported by graphene nanosheets. The different electrochemical behaviors of graphene-containing composites may be attributed to the different interactions between graphene nanosheets and NiO/NiFe 2 O 4 nanoplates.

  18. Structural evolution of Fe-18Ni-16Cr-4Al steel during aging at 950 .deg. C

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wang, Man; Jang, Jinsung [Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of); Zhou, Zhangjian [School of Materials Science and Engineering, USTB, Beijing (China)

    2015-05-15

    Austenitic stainless steels are also among important structural materials for in-core components of nuclear reactors, and the performance, the oxidation resistance as well as the mechanical strength at high temperature are further expected after Fukushima accident. Alumina-forming austenitic (AFA) steel was first developed by Y. Yamamoto et al. , which showed a good combination of oxidation resistance and creep resistance. The strengthening is achieved through nano-sized MX and Laves. Microstructural evolution of Fe-18Ni-16Cr-4Al during aging at 950 .deg. C was studied. This steel consists of two phases of austenite and ferrite. During aging, needle-shaped NiAl precipitates in austenite, while round shaped NiAl form in ferrite, which is supposed to be due to different crystal structural parameters.

  19. Microstructure and Tribological Properties of AlCoCrFeNiTi0.5 High-Entropy Alloy in Hydrogen Peroxide Solution

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yu, Y.; Liu, W. M.; Zhang, T. B.; Li, J. S.; Wang, J.; Kou, H. C.; Li, J.

    2014-01-01

    Microstructure and tribological properties of an AlCoCrFeNiTi0.5 high-entropy alloy in high-concentration hydrogen peroxide solution were investigated in this work. The results show that the sigma phase precipitates and the content of bcc2 decrease during the annealing process. Meanwhile, the complex construction of the interdendrite region changes into simple isolated-island shape, and much more spherical precipitates are formed. Those changes of microstructure during the annealing process lead to the increase of hardness of this alloy. In the testing conditions, the AlCoCrFeNiTi0.5 alloy shows smoother worn surfaces and steadier coefficient of friction curves than does the 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel, and SiC ceramic preserves better wear resistance than ZrO2 ceramic. After annealing, the wear resistance of the AlCoCrFeNiTi0.5 alloy increases coupled with SiC counterface but decreases with ZrO2 counterface.

  20. Enhancing pitting corrosion resistance of Al{sub x}CrFe{sub 1.5}MnNi{sub 0.5} high-entropy alloys by anodic treatment in sulfuric acid

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lee, C.P.; Chen, Y.Y.; Hsu, C.Y.; Yeh, J.W. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan (China); Shih, H.C. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan (China); Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 111, Taiwan (China)], E-mail: hcshih@mx.nthu.edu.tw

    2008-12-01

    High-entropy alloys are a newly developed family of multi-component alloys that comprise various major alloying elements. Each element in the alloy system is present in between 5 and 35 at.%. The crystal structures and physical properties of high-entropy alloys differ completely from those of conventional alloys. The electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) of the Al{sub x}CrFe{sub 1.5}MnNi{sub 0.5} (x = 0, 0.3, 0.5) alloys, obtained in 0.1 M HCl solution, clearly revealed that the corrosion resistance values were determined to increase from 21 to 34 {omega}cm{sup 2} as the aluminum content increased from 0 to 0.5 mol, and were markedly lower than that of 304 stainless steel (243 {omega}cm{sup 2}). At passive potential, the corresponding current declined with the anodizing time accounting, causing passivity by the growth of the multi-component anodized film in H{sub 2}SO{sub 4} solution. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses revealed that the surface of anodized Al{sub 0.3}CrFe{sub 1.5}MnNi{sub 0.5} alloy formed aluminum and chromium oxide film which was the main passivating compound on the alloy. This anodic treatment increased the corrosion resistance in the EIS measurements of the CrFe{sub 1.5}MnNi{sub 0.5} and Al{sub 0.3}CrFe{sub 1.5}MnNi{sub 0.5} alloys by two orders of magnitude. Accordingly, the anodic treatment of the Al{sub x}CrFe{sub 1.5}MnNi{sub 0.5} alloys optimized their surface structures and minimized their susceptibility to pitting corrosion.

  1. Microstructure and magnetic behavior studies of processing-controlled and composition-modified Fe-Ni and Mn-Al alloys

    Science.gov (United States)

    Geng, Yunlong

    L10-type (Space group P4/mmm) magnetic compounds, including FeNi and MnAl, possess promising technical magnetic properties of both high magnetization and large magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy, and thus offer potential in replacing rare earth permanent magnets in some applications. In equiatomic Fe-Ni, the disorder-order transformation from fcc structure to the L10 structure is a diffusional transformation, but is inhibited by the low ordering temperature. The transformation could be enhanced through the creation of vacancies. Thus, mechanical alloying was employed to generate more open-volume defects. A decrease in grain size and concomitant increase in grain boundary area resulted from the mechanical alloying, while an initial increase in internal strain (manifested through an increase in dislocation density) was followed by a subsequent decrease with further alloying. However, a decrease in the net defect concentration was determined by Doppler broadening positron annihilation spectroscopy, as open volume defects utilized dislocations and grain boundaries as sinks. An alloy, Fe32Ni52Zr3B13, formed an amorphous structure after rapid solidification, with a higher defect concentration than crystalline materials. Mechanical milling was utilized in an attempt to generate even more defects. However, it was observed that Fe32Ni52Zr3B13 underwent crystallization during the milling process, which appears to be related to enhanced vacancy-type defect concentrations allowing growth of pre-existing Fe(Ni) nuclei. The milling and enhanced vacancy concentration also de-stabilizes the glass, leading to decreased crystallization temperatures, and ultimately leading to complete crystallization. In Mn-Al, the L10 structure forms from the parent hcp phase. However, this phase is slightly hyperstoichiometric relative to Mn, and the excess Mn occupies Al sites and couples antiparallel to the other Mn atoms. In this study, the Zr substituted preferentially for the Mn atoms in the

  2. Ostwald Ripening Process of Coherent β′ Precipitates during Aging in Fe0.75Ni0.10Al0.15 and Fe0.74Ni0.10Al0.15Cr0.01 Alloys

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    N. Cayetano-Castro

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available The Ostwald ripening process was studied in Fe0.75Ni0.10Al0.15 and Fe0.74Ni0.10Al0.15Cr0.01 alloys after aging at 750, 850, and 950°C for different times. The microstructural evolution shows a rounded cube morphology (Fe, NiAl β′ precipitates aligned in the ferrite matrix, which changes to elongated plates after prolonged aging. The variation of the equivalent radii of precipitates with time follows the modified Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner theory for diffusion-controlled coarsening. Thermo-Calc analysis shows that the chromium content is richer in the matrix than in the precipitates which causes higher hardness and coarsening resistance in the aged Fe0.74Ni0.10Al0.15Cr0.01 alloy.

  3. Corrosion behavior of high purity Fe-Cr-Ni alloys in trans-passive condition

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mayuzumi, Masami; Ohta, Jyoji; Kako, Kenji

    1998-01-01

    The corrosion behavior of high-purity (99.99%) Fe-Cr-Ni alloys was investigated in 13 N nitric acid with/without Ce 4+ ions to clarify the effect of impurities on the trans-passive corrosion of stainless steel. The following results were obtained. (1) Almost no intergranular corrosion was observed in the high-purity alloys, although the corrosion rate of the matrix region was nearly the same as that of a commercial stainless steel with the same Cr and Ni content. (2) Due to the improved intergranular corrosion resistance, the effect of the purification became significant in the corrosion condition with the grain-separation being predominant. (3) The high-purity alloys showed higher susceptivility to intergranular corrosion with aging treatment between 873 K and 1073 K. Although the sulfuric acid/copper sulfate test suggested the formation of Cr-depleted zones, a grain boundary micro-analysis using a FETEM with an EDX did not reveal any change in Cr content or impurity segregain along the grain boundaries. The mechanism of corrosion enhancement resulting from the aging treatment remains nuclear. (author)

  4. Microstructural and magnetic characterization of iron precipitation in Ni-Fe-Al alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Duman, Nagehan; Mekhrabov, Amdulla O.; Akdeniz, M. Vedat

    2011-01-01

    The influence of annealing on the microstructural evolution and magnetic properties of Ni 50 Fe x Al 50-x alloys for x = 20, 25, and 30 has been investigated. Solidification microstructures of as-cast alloys reveal coarse grains of a single B2 type β-phase and typical off eutectic microstructure consisting of proeutectic B2 type β dendrites and interdendritic eutectic for x = 20 and x > 20 at.% Fe respectively. However, annealing at 1073 K results in the formation of FCC γ-phase particles along the grain boundaries as well as grain interior in x = 20 at.% Fe alloy. The volume fraction of interdentritic eutectic regions tend to decrease and their morphologies start to degenerate by forming FCC γ-phase for x > 20 at.% Fe alloys with increasing annealing temperatures. Increasing Fe content of alloys induce an enhancement in magnetization and a rise in the Curie transition temperature (T C ). Temperature scan magnetic measurements and transmission electron microscopy reveal that a transient rise in the magnetization at temperatures well above the T C of the alloys would be attributed to the precipitation of a nano-scale ferromagnetic BCC α-Fe phase. Retained magnetization above the Curie transition temperature of alloy matrix, together with enhanced room temperature saturation magnetization of alloys annealed at favorable temperatures support the presence of ferromagnetic precipitates. These nano-scale precipitates are shown to induce significant precipitation hardening of the β-phase in conjunction with enhanced room temperature saturation magnetization in particular when an annealing temperature of 673 K is used. - Research Highlights: → Evolution of microstructure and magnetic properties with varying Fe content. → Transient rise in magnetization via the formation of ferromagnetic phase. → Enhancements in saturation magnetization owing to precipitated ferromagnetic phase. → Nanoscale precipitation of ferromagnetic BCC α-Fe confirmed by TEM.

  5. Synthesis of MoS2-reduced graphene oxide/Fe3O4 nanocomposite for enhanced electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness

    Science.gov (United States)

    Prasad, Jagdees; Singh, Ashwani Kumar; Shah, Jyoti; Kotnala, R. K.; Singh, Kedar

    2018-05-01

    This article presents a facile two step hydrothermal process for the synthesis of MoS2-reduced graphene oxide/Fe3O4 (MoS2-rGO/Fe3O4) nanocomposite and its application as an excellent electromagnetic interference shielding material. Characterization tools like; scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, x-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy were used to confirm the formation of nanocomposite and found that spherical Fe3O4 nanoparticles are well dispersed over MoS2-rGO composite with average particle size ∼25–30 nm was confirmed by TEM. Structural characterization done by XRD was found inconsistent with the known lattice parameter of MoS2 nanosheet, reduced graphene oxide and Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of MoS2-rGO/Fe3O4 nanocomposite was evaluated and found to be an excellent EMI shielding material in X-band range (8.0–12.0 GHz). MoS2-rGO composite shows poor shielding capacity (SET ∼ 3.81 dB) in entire range as compared to MoS2-rGO/Fe3O4 nanocomposite (SET ∼ 8.27 dB). It is due to interfacial polarization in the presence of EM field. The result indicates that MoS2-rGO/Fe3O4 nanocomposite provide a new stage for the next generation in high-performance EM wave absorption and EMI shielding effectiveness.

  6. Welding and corrosion resistance of the new nitrogen alloyed steel X2 CrNiMnMoN241764

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Arit, N.; Henser, H.; GroB, V.

    1994-01-01

    Remanit 4565 S is a new developed nitrogen alloyed austenitic stainless steel. Characteristic features are: improved strength and toughness, delayed precipitation of carbides and intermetallic phases, improved corrosion resistance. Welding fabrication is possible without the risk of pore formation. TIG-welded joints are as resistant as the base metal, using filler metal SG-NiCr 20 Mo 15 (Thermanit Nimo C) respectively SG-NiCr 28 Mo(Thermanit 30/40 E) according to the area of application. (Author) 8 refs

  7. Magnetoimpedance effect of the Ni80Fe20/Cu composite wires: The influence of DC current imposed on the Cu base

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Delu Chen

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available In this paper, the copper composite wires of 75 μm in diameter with a sputtered layer of Ni80Fe20 permalloy were prepared, with a DC current applied to the basal Cu terminals during the fabrication process. The influence of the DC current on the magnetic configuration and Magneto-Impedance (MI effect was studied. The results indicate that both the current amplitude and actuation duration have significant effect on the magnetic properties of the Ni80Fe20 layer. With appropriate current applied, the induced magnetic field leads to a circumferential magnetic domain structure and reduces significantly the equivalent anisotropy field of Ni80Fe20 layer. Then, the GMI ratio of the composite wires was significantly increased. A maximum GMI of 194.8% can be reached when the current was fixed at 100 mA and the Ni80Fe20 thickness is 780 nm. If the Ni80Fe20 thickness is above 780 nm, the coercivity of the coating layer increases while the GMI ratio of the composite wire reduces, since the magnetic anisotropy of the Ni80Fe20 layer varies from circumferential to longitudinal. The results were explained combining the thermal and magnetic effects of current.

  8. Moessbauer and XRD study of pulse plated Fe-P and Fe-Ni thin layers

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Miko, Annamaria; Kuzmann, Erno; Lakatos-Varsanyi, Magda; Kakay, Attila; Nagy, Ferenc; Varga, Lajos Karoly

    2005-01-01

    57 Fe conversion electron Moessbauer spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, electrochemical and magnetic measurements were used to study pulse electroplated Fe-P and Ni-Fe coatings. XRD and 57 Fe CEMS measurements revealed the amorphous character of the novel pulse plated Fe-P alloys. CEM spectra indicated significant differences in the short range order and in the magnetic anisotropy between the Fe-P deposits pulse plated at medium long deposition time (t on = 2 ms), with short relaxation time (t off = 9 ms) and low current density (I p = 0.05 Acm -2 ) or at short deposition time (t on = 1 ms) with long relaxation time (t off = 250 ms) and high current density (I p = 1.0 Acm -2 ). The broad peaks centred around the fcc reflections in XRD of the pulse plated Ni-22 wt.% Fe deposit reflected a microcrystalline Ni-Fe alloy with a very fine, 5-8 nm, grain size. The CEM spectrum of the pulse plated Ni-22 wt.% Fe coating corresponded to a highly disordered solid solution alloy containing a minute amount of ferrihydrite. Extreme favourable soft magnetic properties were observed with these Ni-Fe and Fe-P pulse plated thin layers.

  9. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Highly Alloyed FeCrMoVC Steel Fabricated by Spark Plasma Sintering

    Science.gov (United States)

    Oh, Seung-Jin; Jun, Joong-Hwan; Lee, Min-Ha; Shon, In-Jin; Lee, Seok-Jae

    2018-05-01

    In this study, we successfully fabricated highly alloyed FeCrMoVC specimens within 2 min by using the spark plasma sintering (SPS) method. The densities of the sintered specimens were almost identical to their theoretical values. Fine (Mo, V)-rich carbides with lamellar structure were precipitated along the grain boundaries of the as-sintered specimen, whereas relatively large carbides were formed additionally in the transgranular region during the tempering treatment. Compared with the specimen produced by a conventional casting method, the FeCrMoVC specimens from SPS showed smaller grain size with finer carbides and higher hardness values.

  10. Bimetallic NiFe2O4 synthesized via confined carburization in NiFe-MOFs for efficient oxygen evolution reaction

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fang, Zhiqiang; Hao, Zhaomin; Dong, Qingsong; Cui, Yong

    2018-04-01

    Transition metal oxides that derived from metal-organic framework (MOF) precursor have intensively received attention because of their numerous electrochemical applications. Bimetallic Ni-Fe oxides have been rarely reported on the basis of MOF-related strategy. Herein, a bimetallic NiFe2O4 was successfully synthesized via confined carburization in NiFe-MOF precursors and characterized by XRD, XPS, SEM, and TEM. After conducting an investigation of oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the as-synthesized NiFe2O4 material exhibited good catalytic efficiency and high stability and durability in alkaline media. The as-synthesized NiFe2O4 material would promote the development of MOFs in non-noble-metal OER catalyst.

  11. Crevice corrosion propagation on alloy 625 and alloy C276 in natural seawater

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    McCafferty, E.; Bogar, F.D.; Thomas, E.D. II; Creegan, C.A.; Lucas, K.E.; Kaznoff, A.I.

    1997-01-01

    Chemical composition of the aqueous solution within crevices on two different Ni-Cr-Mo-Fe alloys immersed in natural seawater was determined using a semiquantitative thin-layer chromatographic method. Active crevices were found to contain concentrated amounts of dissolved Ni 2+ , Cr 3+ , Mo 3+ , and Fe 2+ ions. Propagation of crevice corrosion for the two alloys was determined from anodic polarization curves in model crevice solutions based upon stoichiometric dissolution or selective dissolution of alloy components. Both alloys 625 (UNS N06625) and C276 (UNS N10276) underwent crevice corrosion in the model crevice electrolytes. For the model crevice solution based upon selective dissolution of alloy constituents, the anodic dissolution rate for alloy 625 was higher than that for alloy C276. This trend was reversed for the model crevice solution based upon uniform dissolution of alloy constituents

  12. About oxide dispersion particles chemical compatibility with areas coherent dissipation/sub-grains of bcc-alloys in Fe - (Cr, V, Mo, W systems

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Udovsky A.

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available A concept of partial magnetic moments (PMM of the iron atoms located in the first ч four coordination spheres (1÷4 CS for bcc lattice have been introduced based on analysis of results obtained by quantum-mechanical calculations (QMC for volume dependence of the average magnetic moment ferromagnetic (FM Fe. The values of these moments have been calculated for pure bcc Fe and bcc - Fe-Cr alloys. This concept has been used to formulate a three sub-lattice model for binary FM alloys of the Fe-M systems (M is an alloying paramagnetic element. Physical reason for sign change dependence of the short-range order and mixing enthalpy obtained by QMCs for Fe-(Cr, V bcc phases has been found. Using this model it has been predicted that static displacements of Fe - atoms in alloy matrix increase with increasing the of CS number and result in reducing of the area of coherent dissipation (ACD size with growth of the dimension factor (DF in the Fe-(Cr, V, Mo, W systems in agreement with the X-ray experiments. It has been shown theoretically that anisotropy of spin- density in bcc lattice Fe and DF in binary Fe - (Cr, V, Mo, W systems is main factor for origins of segregations on small angle boundaries of ACD and sub-grains boundaries To prevent the coagulation of both ACD and sub-grains, and to increase the strength of alloys, it is advisable to add oxide dispersion particles into ferrite steel taking into account their chemical compatibility and coherent interfacing with the crystalline lattice of a ferrite matrix. Application of phase diagrams for binary and ternary the Fe-(Y, Zr-O systems to verify chemical compatibility of oxide dispersion particles with ferrite matrix have been discussed

  13. Phase formation in as-solidified and heat-treated Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Ni alloys: Thermodynamic assessment and experimental investigation for alloy design

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Farkoosh, A.R., E-mail: amir.rezaeifarkoosh@mail.mcgill.ca [Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University, Aluminum Research Center - REGAL, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B2 (Canada); Javidani, M. [Laval University, Department of Mining, Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Aluminum Research Center - REGAL, 1065 Ave de la Medecine, Quebec, Canada G1V 0A6 (Canada); Hoseini, M. [Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University, Aluminum Research Center - REGAL, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B2 (Canada); Larouche, D. [Laval University, Department of Mining, Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Aluminum Research Center - REGAL, 1065 Ave de la Medecine, Quebec, Canada G1V 0A6 (Canada); Pekguleryuz, M. [Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University, Aluminum Research Center - REGAL, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B2 (Canada)

    2013-02-25

    Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Phase formation in Al-Si-Ni-Cu-Mg-Fe system have been investigated. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer T-Al{sub 9}FeNi, {gamma}-Al{sub 7}Cu{sub 4}Ni, {delta}-Al{sub 3}CuNi and {epsilon}-Al{sub 3}Ni are formed at different Ni levels. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Thermally stable Ni-bearing precipitates improved the overaged hardness. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer It was found that Ni:Cu and Ni:Fe ratios control the precipitation. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer {delta}-Al{sub 3}CuNi phase has more contribution to strength compare to other precipitates. - Abstract: Thermodynamic simulations based on the CALPHAD method have been carried out to assess the phase formation in Al-7Si-(0-1)Ni-0.5Cu-0.35Mg alloys (in wt.%) under equilibrium and non-equilibrium (Scheil cooling) conditions. Calculations showed that the T-Al{sub 9}FeNi, {gamma}-Al{sub 7}Cu{sub 4}Ni, {delta}-Al{sub 3}CuNi and {epsilon}-Al{sub 3}Ni phases are formed at different Ni levels. By analyzing the calculated isothermal sections of the phase diagrams it was revealed that the Ni:Cu and Ni:Fe ratios control precipitation in this alloy system. In order to verify the simulation results, microstructural investigations in as-cast, solution treated and aged conditions were carried out using electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, cooling curve analysis (CCA) was also performed to determine the freezing range of the new alloys and porosity formation during solidification. Hardness measurements of the overaged samples showed that in this alloy system the {delta}-Al{sub 3}CuNi phase has a greater influence on the overall strength of the alloys compared to the other Ni-bearing precipitates.

  14. Structural high-temperature and (βNiAl+γ)-alloys based on Ni-Al-Co-Me systems with an improved low-temperature ductility

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Povarova, K.B.; Kazanskaya, N.K.; Drozdov, A.A.; Lomberg, B.S.; Gerasimov, V.V.

    2001-01-01

    The βNiAl-based alloys (B2) have lower density higher resistance to oxidation, and higher melting temperature relative to those of Ni-superalloys or γ'Ni 3 Al-base alloys. An improved low-temperature ductility of advanced Ni-AI-Co-M β+γ alloys(El=9-16 % at 293-1173 K is achieved due to the formation γ-Ni solid solution intergranular interlayers of eutectic origin. Secondary γ and/or γ' precipitates form in the grains of the supersaturated β-solid solution upon heat treatment at 1473-1573 K and 1073-1173 K. The limiting contents of alloying elements (Ti, Hf, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo) for the (β+γ) alloys Ni - (19-29) % AI - (22-35) % Co, are determined which allowed to avoid the formation of primary γ'-phase (decrease solidus temperature ≤1643 K) and hard phases of the types σ, η and δ (decrease ductility). Alloying affects the morphology of the secondary γ and γ' precipitates: globular equiaxed precipitates are formed in the alloys containing Cr, Mo, and needle precipitates are formed in alloys alloys containing γ'-forming elements Nb, Ta and, especially, Ti and Hf. After directional solidification, (β+γ')-alloys have directed columnar special structure with a low extension of transverse grain boundaries. This microstructure allows one to increase UTS, by a factor 1,5-2 and long-term strength (time to rupture increase by a factor of 5-10 at 1173 K). (author)

  15. Study of the microstructure and of microhardness variation of a Ni-Fe-Cr austenitic alloy by niobium

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Carvalho e Camargo, M.U. de; Lucki, G.

    1979-01-01

    The mechanisms of hardening and corrosion resistance increase in Ni-Fe-Cr austenitic stainless steels by Nb additions are of interest to nuclear technology Niobium additions to a 321 type stainless steel were made in order to study the microhardness, electrical resistivity and metallography. Experimental measurements results are shown. The effect of Nb additions as a micro-alloying element and the thermal and mechanical processes (cold working in particular) in the microstructure and microhardness properties of the 11% Ni - 70%Fe - 17% Cr austenitic alloys were studied. (Author) [pt

  16. Tensile properties and bend ductility of (Fe,Ni)3V long-range-ordered alloys after irradiation in HFIR

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Braski, D.N.

    1984-01-01

    The objective of this work was to determine the effect of neutron irradiation on the tensile properties and bend ductility of (Fe,Ni) 3 V long-range-ordered (LRO) alloys. Several (Fe,Ni) 3 V LRO alloys were irradiated in HFIR-CTR-42 and -43 at 400 to 600 0 C, to approximately 10 dpa and approximately 1000 at. ppm He. Additions of cerium or carbon and the use of cold-worked microstructures did not improve the embrittlement resistance of the LRO alloys. The LRO-37-5RS alloy, with a microstructure produced by rapid solidification, exhibited the highest ductilities, and further study of the RS microstructure is warranted. The correlation between bend ductility and tensile ductility was poor

  17. Comparison of high temperature, high frequency core loss and dynamic B-H loops of two 50 Ni-Fe crystalline alloys and an iron-based amorphous alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wieserman, W.R.; Schwarze, G.E.; Niedra, J.M.

    1994-01-01

    The availability of experimental data that characterizes the performance of soft magnetic materials for the combined conditions of high temperature and high frequency is almost non-existent. An experimental investigation was conducted over the temperature range of 23 to 300 C and frequency range of 1 to 50 kHz to determine the effects of temperature and frequency on the core loss and dynamic B-H loops of three different soft magnetic materials; an oriented-grain 50Ni-50Fe alloy, a nonoriented-grain 50Ni-50Fe alloy, and an iron-based amorphous material (Metglas 2605SC). A comparison of these materials show that the nonoriented-grain 50Ni-50Fe alloy tends to have either the lowest or next lowest core loss for all temperatures and frequencies investigated

  18. Effect of Si on the glass-forming ability, thermal stability and magnetic properties of Fe-Co-Zr-Mo-W-B alloys

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wang, W.-M. [Institute for Metallic Materials, IFW Dresden, P.O. 270016, Dresden D-01171 (Germany); Key Lab of Liquid Structure and Heredity of Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250061 (China); Gebert, A. [Institute for Metallic Materials, IFW Dresden, P.O. 270016, Dresden D-01171 (Germany)], E-mail: a.gebert@ifw-dresden.de; Roth, S.; Kuehn, U.; Schultz, L. [Institute for Metallic Materials, IFW Dresden, P.O. 270016, Dresden D-01171 (Germany)

    2008-07-14

    This paper presents investigations on the effect of Si on the glass-forming ability, thermal stability and magnetic properties of the Fe-Co-Zr-Mo-W-B samples (group I: Fe{sub 60}Co{sub 8}Zr{sub 10}Mo{sub 5}W{sub 2}B{sub 15-x}Si{sub x}, 1 {<=} x {<=} 4; group II: Fe{sub 60}Co{sub 8}Zr{sub 10-x}Mo{sub 5}W{sub 2}B{sub 15}Si{sub x}, 0 {<=} x {<=} 4; group III: Fe{sub 60}Co{sub 8}Zr{sub 8}Mo{sub 5}W{sub 2}B{sub 17-x}Si{sub x}, 0 {<=} x {<=} 2) prepared by melt spinning, injection casting, and centrifugal casting methods. It is found that the glass-forming ability (GFA) of the alloys in group I is more deteriorated than that in group II, and that the alloys in group III can be cast into the rods of 1-3 mm diameter without crystalline reflections in their XRD patterns. For the amorphous ribbons and rods, a non-monotonic change of the nearest neighbour distance r{sub 1} with increasing Si content c{sub Si} was detected, which is parallel to that of the glass transition and crystallization temperatures T{sub g} and T{sub x}, but opposite to that of the magnetization at room temperature M{sub RT} and the Curie temperature T{sub c}. This correlation can be interpreted by a structure model presuming that iron atoms appear simultaneously in two types of local structures in the amorphous samples.

  19. Phase formation in as-solidified and heat-treated Al–Si–Cu–Mg–Ni alloys: Thermodynamic assessment and experimental investigation for alloy design

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Farkoosh, A.R.; Javidani, M.; Hoseini, M.; Larouche, D.; Pekguleryuz, M.

    2013-01-01

    Highlights: ► Phase formation in Al–Si–Ni–Cu–Mg–Fe system have been investigated. ► T-Al 9 FeNi, γ-Al 7 Cu 4 Ni, δ-Al 3 CuNi and ε-Al 3 Ni are formed at different Ni levels. ► Thermally stable Ni-bearing precipitates improved the overaged hardness. ► It was found that Ni:Cu and Ni:Fe ratios control the precipitation. ► δ-Al 3 CuNi phase has more contribution to strength compare to other precipitates. - Abstract: Thermodynamic simulations based on the CALPHAD method have been carried out to assess the phase formation in Al–7Si–(0–1)Ni–0.5Cu–0.35Mg alloys (in wt.%) under equilibrium and non-equilibrium (Scheil cooling) conditions. Calculations showed that the T-Al 9 FeNi, γ-Al 7 Cu 4 Ni, δ-Al 3 CuNi and ε-Al 3 Ni phases are formed at different Ni levels. By analyzing the calculated isothermal sections of the phase diagrams it was revealed that the Ni:Cu and Ni:Fe ratios control precipitation in this alloy system. In order to verify the simulation results, microstructural investigations in as-cast, solution treated and aged conditions were carried out using electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, cooling curve analysis (CCA) was also performed to determine the freezing range of the new alloys and porosity formation during solidification. Hardness measurements of the overaged samples showed that in this alloy system the δ-Al 3 CuNi phase has a greater influence on the overall strength of the alloys compared to the other Ni-bearing precipitates.

  20. Annealing effects on structure and mechanical properties of CoCrFeNiTiAlx high-entropy alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang, K B; Fu, Z Y; Zhang, J Y; Wang, W M; Lee, S W; Niihara, K

    2011-01-01

    Novel CoCrFeNiTiAl x (x:molar ratio, other elements are equimolar) high-entropy alloys were prepared by vacuum arc melting and these alloys were subsequently annealed at 1000 deg. C for 2 h. The annealing effects on structure and mechanical properties were investigated. Compared with the as-cast alloys, there are many complex intermetallic phases precipitated from the solid solution matrix in the as-annealed alloys with Al content lower than Al 1.0 . Only simple BCC solid solution structure appears in the as-annealed Al 1.5 and Al 2.0 alloys. This kind of alloys exhibit high resistance to anneal softening. Most as-annealed alloys possess even higher Visker hardness than the as-cast ones. The as-annealed Al 0.5 alloys shows the highest compressive strength while the Al 0 alloy exhibits the best ductility, which is about 2.6 GPa and 13%, respectively. The CoCrFeNiTiAl x high-entropy alloys possess integrated high temperature mechanical property as well.

  1. KINETICS OF CATHODIC REDUCTION OF OXYGEN ON NI-CR-MO-W ALLOY

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    NA

    2006-01-01

    Ni-Cr-Mo-W alloys (C-group alloys) are well known as materials with very high Corrosion resistance in very aggressive environments, an asset that has motivated the selection of Alloy 22 as a waste package material in the Yucca Mountain Project for the long-term geologic disposal of spent nuclear fuel and other high-level radioactive wastes. The aim of this project is to elucidate the corrosion performance of Alloy 22 under aggressive conditions and to provide a conceptual understanding and parameter data base that could act as a basis for modeling the corrosion performance of waste packages under Yucca Mountain conditions. A key issue in any corrosion process is whether or not the kinetics of the cathodic reactions involved can support a damaging rate of anodic metal (alloy) dissolution. Under Yucca Mountain conditions the primary oxidant available to drive corrosion (most likely in the form of crevice, or under-deposit, corrosion) will be oxygen. Here, we present results on the kinetics of oxygen reduction at the Alloy 22/solution interface

  2. Effect of alloying elements on σ phase formation in Fe-Cr-Mn alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Okazaki, Yoshimitsu; Miyahara, Kazuya; Hosoi, Yuzo; Tanino, Mitsuru; Komatsu, Hazime.

    1989-01-01

    Alloys of Fe-(8∼12%) Cr-(5∼30%) Mn were solution-treated at 1373 K for 3.6 ks, followed by cold-working of 50% reduction. Both solution-treated and 50% cold-worked materials were aged in the temperature range from 773 to 973 K for 3.6 x 10 3 ks. The identification of σ phase formation was made by using X-ray diffraction from the electrolytically extracted residues of the aged specimens. The region of σ phase formation determined by the present work is wider than that on the phase diagram already reported. It is to be noted that Mn promotes markedly the σ phase formation, and that three different types of σ phase formation are observed depending on Mn content: α→γ + α→γ + α + σ in 10% Mn, α→γ + σ in 15 to 20% Mn alloys, α→χ(Chi) →χ + σ + γ in 25 to 30% Mn alloys. An average electron concentration (e/a) in the σ phase was estimated by quantitative analysis of alloying elements using EPMA. The e/a value in the σ phase formed in Fe-(12∼16%) Cr-Mn alloys aged at 873 K for 3.6 x 10 3 ks is about 7.3, which is independent of Mn content. In order to prevent σ phase formation in Fe-12% Cr-15% Mn alloy, the value of Ni * eq of 11 (Ni * eq = Ni + 30(C) + 25(N)) is required. (author)

  3. High-temperature plastic flow of a precipitation-hardened FeCoNiCr high entropy alloy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    He, J.Y.; Wang, H.; Wu, Y.; Liu, X.J. [State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083 (China); Nieh, T.G. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 (United States); Lu, Z.P., E-mail: luzhaoping@163.com [State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083 (China)

    2017-02-16

    In this work, we systematically investigated flow behavior of a high entropy alloy (HEA) strengthened by coherent γ′ precipitates in the temperature range of 1023–1173 K. In contrast to the single-phase FeCoNiCrMn HEA, this precipitate-hardened alloy, i.e., (FeCoNiCr){sub 94}Ti{sub 2}Al{sub 4}, exhibited large reduction of the steady-state strain rate (by ~2 orders of magnitude) or drastic enhancement in flow stress, indicating significant improvement in high-temperature properties. Our results showed that the deformation could be divided into two regimes. At temperatures below 1123 K, coherent γ′ precipitates effectively blocked the dislocation motion, thus resulted in a threshold stress effect. Above 1123 K, however, γ′ particles dissolved and the deformation was controlled by the ordinary dislocation climb mechanism. In addition, we conducted transmission electron microscopy to characterize dislocation-precipitate interaction to provide microstructural evidences to support our conclusion of the specific deformation mechanisms in the two temperature regimes.

  4. Fabrication of Fe-Cr-Mo powder metallurgy steel via a mechanical-alloying process

    Science.gov (United States)

    Park, Jooyoung; Jeong, Gowoon; Kang, Singon; Lee, Seok-Jae; Choi, Hyunjoo

    2015-11-01

    In this study, we employed a mechanical-alloying process to manufacture low-alloy CrL and CrM steel powders that have similar specifications to their water-atomized counterparts. X-ray diffraction showed that Mo and Cr are alloyed in Fe after four cycles of planetary milling for 1 h at 150 RPM with 15-min pauses between the cycles (designated as P2C4 process). Furthermore, the measured powder size was found to be similar to that of the water-atomized counterparts according to both scanning electron microscope images and laser particle size analysis. The samples were sintered at 1120 °C, after which the P2C4-milled CrL showed similar hardness to that of water-atomized CrL, whereas the P2C4-milled CrM showed about 45% lower hardness than that of its water-atomized counterpart. Water-atomized CrM consists of a well-developed lathtype microstructure (bainite or martensite), while a higher fraction of polygonal ferrite is observed in P2C4-milled CrM. This phase difference causes the reduction of hardness in the P2C4-milled CrM, implying that the phase transformation behavior of specimens produced via powder metallurgy is influenced by the powder fabrication method.

  5. Influência do teor de Mo na microestrutura de ligas Fe-9Cr-xMo Effect of the content of molybdenum in the microstructure of Fe-9Cr-xMo alloy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rodrigo Freitas Guimarães

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Aços Cr-Mo são usados na indústria do petróleo em aplicações com óleos crus ricos em compostos sulfurosos. Aços comerciais como 2.5Cr1Mo ou 9Cr1Mo têm se mostrado ineficientes em consequência de altos índices de corrosão naftênica. Uma estratégia para resolver este problema é o aumento do teor de molibdênio destes aços. Neste trabalho foi estudado o efeito do aumento do teor de molibdênio na microestrutura de ligas Fe-9Cr-xMo, solubilizadas e soldadas. Foram levantados os diagramas de fases com auxílio de um programa comercial para verificar as possíveis fases a serem formadas e identificar os problemas de soldagem. A microestrutura das ligas solubilizadas foi analisada por microscopia óptica e EBSD, além da medição da dureza. Foram realizadas soldagens autógenas para verificar o efeito do aporte térmico na microestrutura e na dureza das ligas. O aumento do teor de molibdênio resultou no aumento da dureza das ligas. A análise microestrutural das ligas soldadas apresentou uma particularidade para a liga com menor teor de molibdênio, a presença de martensita. Já as ligas com maior teor de molibdênio apresentaram uma microestrutura completamente ferrítica. A formação de martensita pode ser um problema na solda da liga com menor teor de molibdênio, uma vez que a mesma pode causar perdas nas propriedades mecânicas comprometendo sua aplicação.Cr-Mo steels are used in the petroleum industry in applications with crude oils rich in sulfur compounds. 2.5Cr1Mo or 9Cr1Mo do not resist to operating conditions when in contact with crude oils. The increasing of molybdenum content can improve the corrosion resistance of these alloys. This paper studied the effect of increased concentration of molybdenum in the microstructure of Fe-9Cr-xMo alloys, annealed and welded. Phase diagrams were built with the aid of commercial program to check the possible phases to be formed and to identify the problems of welding. Analyses were

  6. Effect of heating rates of crystallization behaviour of amorphous Fe/sub 83/01/B/sub 17/ alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ashfaq, A.; Shamim, A.

    1993-01-01

    The electric resistivity of amorphous Fe/sub 83/01/B/sub 17/ alloy has been measured to study its crystallization behaviour from room temperature to about 900 K at the constant heating rates of 40, 60 and 80 K/hr. The crystallization temperature was observed to increase with the increase of heating g rate. However amorphous to crystalline path of RT-curve between the maximum and the minimum decreases with heating rate. The Resistivity Temperature (RT) curves exhibit different steps which are shown to correspond to the phase change stages of the alloy. The slope of the rt-curve after the previous step increases with the rise in heating rate and finally passes through a board peak and then rises again. From the peak shift dta of first crystallization stage activation energy was calculated by applying various peak shift equations. The values so obtained were in good agreement with those obtained with DSC measurement for (FeM)/sub 83/01/B/sub 17/ amorphous alloys where M=Mo, Ni, Cr, and V. (author)

  7. The nonaqueous inhibition of Fe-Co-B-Si amorphous electrodes: An a.c. impedance study in HCl solutions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Habib, K.; Abdullah, A.

    1995-01-01

    An electrochemical study on Fe-Co-B-Si amorphous electrodes has been conducted. The study was focused on determining the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of four different alloys of Fe-Co-B-Si in various HCl acid solutions. The A.C. impedance and the capacitance of Fe-Co-B-Si, Co-Fe-Ni-B-Si, Co-Fe-Mn-B-Si, and Co-Fe-Ni-Mo-B-Si alloys were obtained in 25, 50, 75 and 100% of HCl acid at room temperature. Electrochemical parameters, i.e., impedance, were found to vary depending on additions of the Ni, Mn, Ni-Mo to Fe-Co-B-Si alloy, the acid concentration, and the nanoscopic surface roughness of the electrodes. Consequently, a correlation between the obtained data is established

  8. Analysis of Microstructure and Sliding Wear Behavior of Co1.5CrFeNi1.5Ti0.5 High-Entropy Alloy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lentzaris, K.; Poulia, A.; Georgatis, E.; Lekatou, A. G.; Karantzalis, A. E.

    2018-04-01

    Α Co1.5CrFeNi1.5Ti0.5 high-entropy alloy (HEA) of the well-known family of CoCrFeNiTi has been designed using empirical parameters. The aim of this design was the production of a HEA with fcc structure that gives ductile behavior and also high strength because of the solid solution effect. The VEC calculations (8.1) supported the fcc structure while the δ factor calculations (4.97) not being out of the limit values, advised a significant lattice distortion. From the other hand, the ΔΗ mix calculations (- 9.64 kJ/mol) gave strong indications that no intermetallic would be formed. In order to investigate its potential application, the Co1.5CrFeNi1.5Ti0.5 HEA was prepared by vacuum arc melting and a primary assessment of its surface degradation response was conducted by means of sliding wear testing using different counterbody systems for a total sliding distance of 1000 m. An effort to correlate the alloy's wear response with the microstructural characteristics was attempted. Finally, the wear behavior of the Co1.5CrFeNi1.5Ti0.5 HEA was compared with that of two commercially used wear-resistant alloys. The results obtained provided some first signs of the high-entropy alloys' better wear performance when tested under sliding conditions against a steel ball.

  9. Three-dimensional rigid multiphase networks providing high-temperature strength to cast AlSi10Cu5Ni1-2 piston alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Asghar, Z.; Requena, G.; Boller, E.

    2011-01-01

    The three-dimensional (3-D) architecture of rigid multiphase networks present in AlSi10Cu5Ni1 and AlSi10Cu5Ni2 piston alloys in as-cast condition and after 4 h spheroidization treatment is characterized by synchrotron tomography in terms of the volume fraction of rigid phases, interconnectivity, contiguity and morphology. The architecture of both alloys consists of α-Al matrix and a rigid long-range 3-D network of Al 7 Cu 4 Ni, Al 4 Cu 2 Mg 8 Si 7 , Al 2 Cu, Al 15 Si 2 (FeMn) 3 and AlSiFeNiCu aluminides and Si. The investigated architectural parameters of both alloys studied are correlated with room-temperature and high-temperature (300 deg. C) strengths as a function of solution treatment time. The AlSi10Cu5Ni1 and AlSi10Cu5Ni2 alloys behave like metal matrix composites with 16 and 20 vol.% reinforcement, respectively. Both alloys have similar strengths in the as-cast condition, but the AlSi10Cu5Ni2 is able to retain ∼15% higher high temperature strength than the AlSi10Cu5Ni1 alloy after more than 4 h of spheroidization treatment. This is due to the preservation of the 3-D interconnectivity and the morphology of the rigid network, which is governed by the higher degree of contiguity between aluminides and Si.

  10. Phase and magnetic studies of the high-energy alloyed Ni-Fe

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Jirásková, Yvonna; Buršík, Jiří; Turek, Ilja; Hapla, Miroslav; Titov, A.; Životský, O.

    2014-01-01

    Roč. 594, May (2014), s. 133-140 ISSN 0925-8388 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GAP108/11/1350 Grant - others:VŠB(CZ) CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0074 Institutional support: RVO:68081723 Keywords : Ni-Fe * mechanical alloying * magnetic properties * microstructure * particle interactions Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism Impact factor: 2.999, year: 2014

  11. Neutronic irradiation effect in FeNi alloys, observed by magnetic measurements

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sciani, V.; Lucki, G.

    1986-01-01

    In this work some aspects of radiation damage are analysed through the influence of neutron irradiation on magnetic properties of FeNi alloys. The main points emphasized are: radiation enhanced diffusion, determination of the activation energy for diffusion process and vacancies supersaturation, which is an important parameter from technological point of view and a necessary condition for the void formation. (Author) [pt

  12. Moessbauer and XRD study of pulse plated Fe-P and Fe-Ni thin layers

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Miko, Annamaria [Bay Zoltan Institute for Material Science (Hungary); Kuzmann, Erno, E-mail: kuzmann@para.chem.elte.hu [Eoetvoes Lorand University, Research Group for Nuclear Methods in Structural Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Department of Nuclear Chemistry (Hungary); Lakatos-Varsanyi, Magda [Bay Zoltan Institute for Material Science (Hungary); Kakay, Attila [Research Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics (Hungary); Nagy, Ferenc [Eoetvoes Lorand University, Research Group for Nuclear Methods in Structural Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Department of Nuclear Chemistry (Hungary); Varga, Lajos Karoly [Research Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics (Hungary)

    2005-09-15

    {sup 57}Fe conversion electron Moessbauer spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, electrochemical and magnetic measurements were used to study pulse electroplated Fe-P and Ni-Fe coatings. XRD and {sup 57}Fe CEMS measurements revealed the amorphous character of the novel pulse plated Fe-P alloys. CEM spectra indicated significant differences in the short range order and in the magnetic anisotropy between the Fe-P deposits pulse plated at medium long deposition time (t{sub on} = 2 ms), with short relaxation time (t{sub off} = 9 ms) and low current density (I{sub p} = 0.05 Acm{sup -2}) or at short deposition time (t{sub on} = 1 ms) with long relaxation time (t{sub off} = 250 ms) and high current density (I{sub p} = 1.0 Acm{sup -2}). The broad peaks centred around the fcc reflections in XRD of the pulse plated Ni-22 wt.% Fe deposit reflected a microcrystalline Ni-Fe alloy with a very fine, 5-8 nm, grain size. The CEM spectrum of the pulse plated Ni-22 wt.% Fe coating corresponded to a highly disordered solid solution alloy containing a minute amount of ferrihydrite. Extreme favourable soft magnetic properties were observed with these Ni-Fe and Fe-P pulse plated thin layers.

  13. Quantitative analysis of reflection electron energy loss spectra to determine electronic and optical properties of Fe–Ni alloy thin films

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tahir, Dahlang; Oh, Sukh Kun; Kang, Hee Jae; Tougaard, Sven

    2016-01-01

    Highlights: • Electronic and optical properties of Fe-Ni alloy thin films grown on Si (1 0 0) were studied via quantitative analyses of reflection electron energy loss spectra (REELS). • The energy loss functions (ELF) are dominated by a plasmon peak at 23.6 eV for Fe and moves gradually to lower energies in Fe-Ni alloys towards the bulk plasmon energy of Ni at 20.5 eV. • Fe has a strong effect on the dielectric and optical properties of Fe-Ni alloy thin films even for an alloy with 72% Ni. Electronic and optical properties of Fe-Ni alloy thin films grown on Si (1 0 0) were studied via quantitative analyses of reflection electron energy loss spectra (REELS). - Abstract: Electronic and optical properties of Fe–Ni alloy thin films grown on Si (1 0 0) by ion beam sputter deposition were studied via quantitative analyses of reflection electron energy loss spectra (REELS). The analysis was carried out by using the QUASES-XS-REELS and QUEELS-ε(k,ω)-REELS softwares to determine the energy loss function (ELF) and the dielectric functions and optical properties by analyzing the experimental spectra. For Ni, the ELF shows peaks around 3.6, 7.5, 11.7, 20.5, 27.5, 67 and 78 eV. The peak positions of the ELF for Fe_2_8Ni_7_2 are similar to those of Fe_5_1Ni_4_9, even though there is a small peak shift from 18.5 eV for Fe_5_1Ni_4_9 to 18.7 eV for Fe_2_8Ni_7_2. A plot of n, k, ε_1, and ε_2 shows that the QUEELS-ε(k,ω)-REELS software for analysis of REELS spectra is useful for the study of optical properties of transition metal alloys. For Fe–Ni alloy with high Ni concentration (Fe_2_8Ni_7_2), ε_1, and ε_2 have strong similarities with those of Fe. This indicates that the presence of Fe in the Fe–Ni alloy thin films has a strong effect.

  14. Electrochemical passivation behaviour of nanocrystalline Fe 80 Si ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Passivation behaviour of nanocrystalline coating (Fe80Si20) obtained by in situ mechanical alloying route is studied and compared with that of the commercial pure iron and cast Fe80Si20 in sodium borate buffer solution at two different pH values (7.7 and 8.4). The coating reveals single passivation at a pH of 7.7 and ...

  15. Studies of magnetic properties of permalloy (Fe-30%Ni) prepared by SLM technology

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang Baicheng; Fenineche, Nour-Eddine; Zhu Lin; Liao Hanlin; Coddet, Christian

    2012-01-01

    In the present study, a high permeability induction Fe-30%Ni alloy cubic bulk was prepared by the selective laser melting process. In order to reveal the microstructure effect on soft magnetic properties, the microstructure and magnetic properties of the Fe-30%Ni alloy were carefully investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and hysteresis measurements. The bcc-Fe (Ni) phase formation is identified by X-ray diffraction. Meanwhile, it was found that low bcc lattice parameter and high grain size could be obtained when high laser scanning velocity and low laser power were used. Moreover, the lowest value of coercivity is 88 A/m, and the highest value of saturation magnetization is 565 Am 2 /kg, which can be obtained at a low laser scanning velocity of 0.4 m/s and high laser power input at 110 W. - Highlights: → Proper Fe-30%Ni alloy (permalloy) using selective laser melting technology. → Microstructure of Fe-30%Ni alloy exhibits fine cellular structure of approximately 100 nm. → Magnetic properties can be controlled by laser parameter. → Lowest coercivity is 88 A/m and highest saturation magnetization is 565 Am 2 /kg.

  16. Synergistically Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of Ni3S4-PtX (X = Fe, Ni) Heteronanorods as Heterogeneous Catalysts in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Huang, Shoushuang; Ma, Dui; Hu, ZhangJun; He, Qingquan; Zai, Jiantao; Chen, Dayong; Sun, Huai; Chen, Zhiwen; Qiao, Qiquan; Wu, Minghong; Qian, Xuefeng

    2017-08-23

    Platinum (Pt)-based alloys are considerably promising electrocatalysts for the reduction of I - /I 3 - and Co 2+ /Co 3+ redox couples in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). However, it is still challenging to minimize the dosage of Pt to achieve comparable or even higher catalytic efficiency. Here, by taking full advantages of the Mott-Schottky (M-S) effect at the metal-semiconductor interface, we successfully strategize a low-Pt-based M-S catalyst with enhanced electrocatalytic performance and stability for the large-scale application of DSSCs. The optimized M-S electrocatalyst of Ni 3 S 4 -Pt 2 X 1 (X = Fe, Ni) heteronanorods is constructed by rationally controlling the ratio of Pt to transition metal in the hybrids. It was found that the electrons transferred from Ni 3 S 4 to Pt 2 X 1 at their interface under the Mott-Schottky effect result in the concentration of electrons onto Pt 2 X 1 domains, which subsequently accelerates the regeneration of both I - /I 3 - and Co 2+ /Co 3+ redox shuttles in DSSCs. As a result, the DSSC with Ni 3 S 4 -Pt 2 Fe 1 manifests an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.79% and 5.56% for iodine and cobalt-based electrolyte under AM1.5G illumination, respectively. These PCEs are obviously superior over those with Ni 3 S 4 -Pt, PtFe, Ni 3 S 4 , and pristine Pt electrodes. The strategy reported here is able to be further expanded to fabricate other low-Pt-alloyed M-S catalysts for wider applications in the fields of photocatalysis, water splitting, and heterojunction solar cells.

  17. Spin injection and magnetoresistance in MoS2-based tunnel junctions using Fe3Si Heusler alloy electrodes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rotjanapittayakul, Worasak; Pijitrojana, Wanchai; Archer, Thomas; Sanvito, Stefano; Prasongkit, Jariyanee

    2018-03-19

    Recently magnetic tunnel junctions using two-dimensional MoS 2 as nonmagnetic spacer have been fabricated, although their magnetoresistance has been reported to be quite low. This may be attributed to the use of permalloy electrodes, injecting current with a relatively small spin polarization. Here we evaluate the performance of MoS 2 -based tunnel junctions using Fe 3 Si Heusler alloy electrodes. Density functional theory and the non-equilibrium Green's function method are used to investigate the spin injection efficiency (SIE) and the magnetoresistance (MR) ratio as a function of the MoS 2 thickness. We find a maximum MR of ~300% with a SIE of about 80% for spacers comprising between 3 and 5 MoS 2 monolayers. Most importantly, both the SIE and the MR remain robust at finite bias, namely MR > 100% and SIE > 50% at 0.7 V. Our proposed materials stack thus demonstrates the possibility of developing a new generation of performing magnetic tunnel junctions with layered two-dimensional compounds as spacers.

  18. Formation of nano sized ODS clusters in mechanically alloyed NiAl-(Y,Ti,O) alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kim, Yong Deog; Bae Seong Man; Wirth, Brian D.

    2012-01-01

    The Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) is the key component in determining the lifetime of nuclear power plants because it is subject to the significant aging degradation by irradiation and thermal aging, and there is no practical method for replacing that component. Advanced reactors with much larger capacity than current reactor require the usage of higher strength materials inevitably. The SA508 Gr.4N Ni-Cr-Mo low alloy steel, in which Ni and Cr contents are larger than in conventional RPV steels, could be a promising RPV material offering improved strength and toughness from its tempered martensitic microstructure. For a structural integrity of RPV, the effect of neutron irradiation on the material property is one of the key issues. The RPV materials suffer from the significant degradation of transition properties by the irradiation embrittlement when its strength is increased by a hardening mechanism. Therefore, the potential for application of SA508 Gr.4N steel as the structural components for nuclear power reactors depends on its ability to maintain adequate transition properties against the operating neutron does. However, it is not easy to fine the data on the irradiation effect on the mechanical properties of SA508 Gr.4N steel. In this study, the irradiation embrittlement of SA508 Gr.4N Ni-Cr-Mo low alloy steel was evaluated by using specimens irradiated in research reactor. For comparison, the variations of mechanical properties by neutron irradiation for commercial SA508 Gr.3 Mn-Mo-Ni low alloy steel were also evaluated

  19. Effect of mechanical alloying on FeCrC reinforced Ni alloys

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yilmaz, S. Osman [Univ. of Namik Kemal, Tekirdag (Turkey); Teker, Tanju [Adiyaman Univ. (Turkey). Dept. of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering; Demir, Fatih [Batman Univ. (Turkey)

    2016-05-01

    Mechanical alloying (MA) is a powder metallurgy processing technique involving cold welding, fracturing and rewelding of powder particles in a high-energy ball mill. In the present study, the intermetallic matrix composites (IMCs) of Ni-Al reinforced by M{sub 7}C{sub 3} were produced by powder metallurgical routes via solid state reaction of Ni, Al and M{sub 7}C{sub 3} particulates by mechanical alloying processes. Ni, Al and M{sub 7}C{sub 3} powders having 100 μm were mixed, mechanical alloyed and the compacts were combusted in a furnace. The mechanically alloyed (MAed) powders were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), microhardness measurement, optic microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). The presence of the carbides depressed the formation of unwanted NiAl intermetallic phases. The mechanical alloyed M{sub 7}C{sub 3} particles were unstable and decomposed partially within the matrix during alloying and sintering, and the morphology of the composites changed with the dissolution ratio of M{sub 7}C{sub 3} and sintering temperature.

  20. Fast diffusion in the intermetallics Ni3Sb and Fe3Si: a neutron scattering study

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Randl, O.G.

    1994-02-01

    We present the results of neutron scattering experiments designed to elucidate the reason for the extraordinarily fast majority component diffusion in two intermetallic alloys of DO 3 structure, Fe 3 Si and Ni 3 Sb: We have performed diffraction measurements in order to determine the crystal structure and the state of order of both alloys as a function of composition and temperature. The results on Fe 3 Si essentially confirm the classical phase diagram: The alloys of a composition between 16 and 25 at % Si are DO 3 -ordered at room temperature and disorder at high temperatures. The high-temperature phase Ni 3 Sb also crystallizes in the DO 3 structure. Vacancies are created in one Ni sublattice at Sb contents beyond 25 at %. In a second step the diffusion mechanism in Ni 3 Sb has been studied by means of quasielastic neutron scattering. The results are reconcileable with a very simple NN jump model between the two different Ni sublattices. Finally, the lattice dynamics of Fe 3 Si and Ni 3 Sb has been studied by inelastic neutron scattering in dependence of temperature (both alloys) and alloy composition (Fe 3 Si only). The results on Fe 3 Si indicate clearly that phonon enhancement is not the main reason for fast diffusion in this alloy. In Ni 3 Sb no typical signs of phonon-enhanced diffusion have been found either. As a conclusion, fast diffusion in DO 3 intermetallics is explained by extraordinarily high vacancy concentrations (several atomic percent) in the majority component sublattices. (author)

  1. Effect of 1.0% Ni on high-temperature impression creep and hardness of recycled aluminium alloy with high Fe content

    Science.gov (United States)

    Faisal, M.; Mazni, Noor; Prasada Rao, A. K.

    2018-03-01

    Reported work focusses on the effect of 1.0% Ni addition on the microstructure, high- temperature impression creep and thereby the hardness of recycled Al-alloy containing >2wt% Fe, obtained from automotive scrap. Present studies have shown that the addition of 1.0% Ni have supress the formation of α-phase (Al5FeSi) by supressing the peritectic transformation of β-phase (Al8Fe2Si). Such suppression is found to improve the hardness and high-temperature impression creep of the recycled aluminium alloy.

  2. Synthesis and physico-chemical property evaluation of PANI–NiFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanocomposite as electrodes for supercapacitors

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Senthilkumar, B.; Vijaya Sankar, K. [Solid State Ionics and Energy Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046 (India); Sanjeeviraja, C. [School of Physics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630006, Tamil Nadu (India); Kalai Selvan, R., E-mail: selvankram@buc.edu.in [Solid State Ionics and Energy Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046 (India)

    2013-03-15

    Highlights: ► PANI–NiFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} composite prepared by in situ-chemical oxidative polymerization method. ► NP1 exhibits high SC (448 F/g) and energy density (50.4 Wh/kg) at 1 mA/cm{sup 2}. ► 80% of capacitance retained even after 1000 cycles at current density of 10 mA/cm{sup 2}. -- Abstract: Nanosized PANI–NiFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} composites were prepared by in situ-chemical oxidative polymerization method, whereas NiFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} was synthesized by solution combustion synthesis (SCS) technique. Structural, morphological and electrochemical properties of NiFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}, PANI and PANI–NiFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} composites were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, TGA, SEM, TEM, cyclic voltammetry, and galvanostatic charge–discharge techniques. The crystalline nature of NiFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} and PANI–NiFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} composites was elucidated by X-ray diffraction. FT-IR spectra inferred the polymerization of aniline and revealed the corresponding functional groups of PANI. Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge–discharge experiments were carried out to study the electrochemical capacitive properties. The PANI–NiFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} composites (NP1, NP2 and NP3) exhibited enhanced capacitive performance due to the increase in conducting network of PANI. The composite NP1 was provided higher SC of 448 F/g compared to PANI (292 F/g) and other PANI–NiFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} composites. For the sample NP1, maximum energy density of 50.4 Wh/kg was observed at a current density of 1 mA/cm{sup 2}. Above 80% of capacitance was maintained after 1000 cycles at a higher current density of 10 mA/cm{sup 2}. Hence, the prepared PANI–NiFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} composites can be used as suitable electrode materials for redox supercapacitors.

  3. Kinetics of Ni–Mo electrodeposition from Ni-rich citrate baths

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Beltowska-Lehman, E.; Indyka, P.

    2012-01-01

    The kinetics of Ni–Mo alloy electrodeposition on steel substrates from an aqueous citrate–ammonia complex baths has been investigated by means of steady-state polarisation measurements in a system with a rotating disc electrode (RDE). Partial current densities for discharge of Ni(II) and Mo(VI) ions and hydrogen evolution as a function of molybdate concentration in the bath, cathode potentials and the rate of mass transport were determined. It has been shown that – under all investigated conditions – Ni–Mo alloy deposition is more favourable than pure nickel and the cathodic process is strongly influenced by the Mo(VI) content in the solution. The Ni(II) electroreduction rate initially increases, as the cathode potential shifts towards more negative values and the concentration of molybdate grows in the solution. However, for the highest examined MoO 4 2− content, a considerable decrease in the rate of the process is subsequently observed at certain limit potentials, the values of which depend on molybdate concentration and hydrodynamic conditions. This effect, related to the formation of intermediate molybdenum oxides (characterised by very low overvoltage for hydrogen evolution), becomes less pronounced when the RDE rotation speed is increased. Hydrogen evolution is strongly associated with molybdenum deposition. An increase of the molybdate ions concentration in the bath, as well as an increase in the rate of mass transport, leads to an increase in Mo content in deposits and to the reduction of current efficiency. The Ni–Mo coatings electrodeposited from the designed bath (with the current efficiency of about 70%) containing about 30 wt.% Mo, are characterised by a shiny-grey appearance and good adhesion to the steel substrate. They are characterised by column growth and amorphous microstructure with randomly distributed nanocrystallites of the MoNi 4 intermetallic phase.

  4. Optimizing Wear Resistance and Impact Toughness in High Chromium Iron Mo-Ni Alloy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Singh, K. K.; Verma, R. S.; Murty, G. M. D.

    2009-06-01

    An alloy with carbon and chromium in the range of 2.0 to 2.5% and 20 to 25%, respectively, with the addition of Mo and Ni in the range of 1.0 to 1.5% each when heat-treated at a quenching temperature of 1010 °C and tempering temperature of 550 °C produces a hardness in the range of 54 to 56 HRC and a microstructure that consists of discontinuous bands of high volume (35-40%) of wear resistant primary (eutectic) carbides in a tempered martensitic matrix with uniformly dispersed secondary precipitates. This alloy has been found to possess adequate impact toughness (5-6 J/cm2) with a wear resistance of the order of 3-4 times superior to Mn steel and 1.25 times superior to martensitic stainless steel with a reduction in cost-to-life ratio by a factor of 1.25 in both the cases.

  5. PREPARATION AND VISIBLE LIGHT RESPONSIVE PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF Fe3O4/Ni-Al-Ce LDH/Bi2WO6 COMPOSITES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jiaqi Hao

    Full Text Available Novel Fe3O4/Ni-Al-Ce LDH/Bi2WO6 composites were prepared through a hydrothermal method and co-precipitation method. The morphologies and structures of the photocatalysts were characterized by XRD, Raman, TEM, UV-vis-DRS, BET surface area and VSM techniques. The photocatalytic performances of the photocatalysts were investigated by the decolorization of methyl orange (MO under visible-light irradiation. The results showed that the Fe3O4/Ni-Al-Ce LDH/Bi2WO6 composites exhibited greater photocatalytic activities compared to pure Bi2WO6 and the Ni-Al-Ce LDH; the decolorization rate of MO was 87% within 60 min under visible-light irradiation. The decolorization efficiency of the composite material remained at 71% after 4 recycling runs, showing improved stability. Furthermore, the experimental results also showed that the photocatalytic reactions for the composites followed first-order reaction kinetics. Therefore, the Fe3O4/Ni-Al-Ce LDH/Bi2WO6 composites were photocatalysts with high efficiencies and stabilities for a photocatalytic reaction of an organic pollutant, and this study provides a new, effective method for the development of wastewater treatment.

  6. Phase equilibria in the Mo-Fe-P system at 800 °C and structure of ternary phosphide (Mo(1-x)Fe(x))3P (0.10 ≤ x ≤ 0.15).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Oliynyk, Anton O; Lomnytska, Yaroslava F; Dzevenko, Mariya V; Stoyko, Stanislav S; Mar, Arthur

    2013-01-18

    Construction of the isothermal section in the metal-rich portion (ternary phases: (Mo(1-x)Fe(x))(2)P (x = 0.30-0.82) and (Mo(1-x)Fe(x))(3)P (x = 0.10-0.15). The occurrence of a Co(2)Si-type ternary phase (Mo(1-x)Fe(x))(2)P, which straddles the equiatomic composition MoFeP, is common to other ternary transition-metal phosphide systems. However, the ternary phase (Mo(1-x)Fe(x))(3)P is unusual because it is distinct from the binary phase Mo(3)P, notwithstanding their similar compositions and structures. The relationship has been clarified through single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies on Mo(3)P (α-V(3)S-type, space group I42m, a = 9.7925(11) Å, c = 4.8246(6) Å) and (Mo(0.85)Fe(0.15))(3)P (Ni(3)P-type, space group I4, a = 9.6982(8) Å, c = 4.7590(4) Å) at -100 °C. Representation in terms of nets containing fused triangles provides a pathway to transform these closely related structures through twisting. Band structure calculations support the adoption of these structure types and the site preference of Fe atoms. Electrical resistivity measurements on (Mo(0.85)Fe(0.15))(3)P reveal metallic behavior but no superconducting transition.

  7. Optical microscope study of the γ(FCC)ε(HC) martensitic transformation of a Fe-16%Mn-9%Cr-5%Si-4%Ni shape memory alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bergeon, N.; Guenin, G.

    1995-01-01

    The γ(FCC) ε(HC) transformation is studied by light optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy in a polycrystalline Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-Ni shape memory alloy. Thermal and stress-induced martensites are both studied to point out differences. A color etching method permitted to clearly observe morphological evolutions during the transformation and its reversion. Deformations of a golden microgrid deposed on austenitic samples are observed by SEM during the transformation. This technic has led to point out microscopic differences concerning the two kinds of martensite. SEM results are used to explain light optical microscopy observations. (orig.)

  8. Radiation damage buildup and dislocation evolution in Ni and equiatomic multicomponent Ni-based alloys

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Levo, E. [Department of Physics, P.O. Box 43, FIN-00014, University of Helsinki (Finland); Granberg, F., E-mail: fredric.granberg@helsinki.fi [Department of Physics, P.O. Box 43, FIN-00014, University of Helsinki (Finland); Fridlund, C.; Nordlund, K. [Department of Physics, P.O. Box 43, FIN-00014, University of Helsinki (Finland); Djurabekova, F. [Department of Physics, P.O. Box 43, FIN-00014, University of Helsinki (Finland); Helsinki Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 43, FIN-00014, University of Helsinki (Finland)

    2017-07-15

    Single-phase multicomponent alloys of equal atomic concentrations (“equiatomic”) have proven to exhibit promising mechanical and corrosion resistance properties, that are sought after in materials intended for use in hazardous environments like next-generation nuclear reactors. In this article, we investigate the damage production and dislocation mobility by simulating irradiation of elemental Ni and the alloys NiCo, NiCoCr, NiCoFe and NiFe, to assess the effect of elemental composition. We compare the defect production and the evolution of dislocation networks in the simulation cells of two different sizes, for all five studied materials. We find that the trends in defect evolution are in good agreement between the different cell sizes. The damage is generally reduced with increased alloy complexity, and the dislocation evolution is specific to each material, depending on its complexity. We show that increasing complexity of the alloys does not always lead to decreased susceptibility to damage accumulation under irradiation. We show that, for instance, the NiCo alloy behaves very similarly to Ni, while presence of Fe or Cr in the alloy even as a third component reduces the saturated level of damage substantially. Moreover, we linked the defect evolution with the dislocation transformations in the alloys. Sudden drops in defect number and large defect fluctuations from the continuous irradiation can be explained from the dislocation activity.

  9. Microstructural Influence on Dynamic Properties of Age Hardenable FeMnAl Alloys

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-04-01

    strain amplitude on a wrought Fe-28Mn-9Al-0.86C-0.7W-0.43Mo-0.49Nb alloy and on a martensitic stainless steel of composition Fe-12Cr-1.25Ni-0.2V-1.8W...the martensite and loss of strength was used to explain the lower cyclic life of the stainless steel at elevated temperatures. Within the Fe-Mn-Al-C...through F in Table 2), 1010 carbon steel and 304 stainless steel as functions of exposure time in 1 atm flowing oxygen at 700°C (a) and 500°C (b).56

  10. Effect of Mo and nano-Nd{sub 2}O{sub 3} on the microstructure and wear resistance of laser cladding Ni-based alloy coatings

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ding, Lin; Hu, Shengsun; Shen, Junqi [Tianjin University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Joining Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin (China); Quan, Xiumin [Lu' an Vocation Technology College, School of Automobile and Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Lu' an (China)

    2016-04-15

    Three kinds of coatings were successfully prepared on Q235 steel by laser cladding technique through adulterating with Mo and nano-Nd{sub 2}O{sub 3} into Ni-based alloys. The effect of Mo and nano-Nd{sub 2}O{sub 3} on the microstructure and properties of Ni-based coatings was investigated systematically by means of optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and microhardness testing and wear testing. The results indicated a certain amount of fine grains and polygonal equiaxed grains synthesized after adding Mo and nano-Nd{sub 2}O{sub 3}. Both the microhardness and wear resistance of Ni-based coatings improved greatly with a moderate additional amount of Mo and nano-Nd{sub 2}O{sub 3}. The largest improvement in microhardness was 31.9 and 14.7 %, and the largest reduction in loss was 45.0 and 30.7 %, respectively, for 5.0 wt% Mo powders and 1.0 wt% nano-Nd{sub 2}O{sub 3}. The effect of Mo on microhardness and wear resistance of laser cladding Ni-based alloy coatings is greater than the effect of nano-Nd{sub 2}O{sub 3}. (orig.)

  11. Rational synthesis of high nuclearity Mo/Fe/S clusters: the reductive coupling approach in the convenient synthesis of (Cl(4)-cat)(2)Mo(2)Fe(6)S(8)(PR(3))(6) [R = Et, (n)Pr, (n)Bu] and the new [(Cl(4)-cat)(2)Mo(2)Fe(2)S(3)O(PEt(3))(3)Cl]-1/2(Fe(PEt(3))(2)(MeCN)(4)) and (Cl(4)-cat)(2)Mo(2)Fe(3)S(5)(PEt(3))(5) clusters.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Han, J; Koutmos, M; Ahmad, S A; Coucouvanis, D

    2001-11-05

    A general method for the synthesis of high nuclearity Mo/Fe/S clusters is presented and involves the reductive coupling of the (Et(4)N)(2)[(Cl(4)-cat)MoOFeS(2)Cl(2)] (I) and (Et(4)N)(2)[Fe(2)S(2)Cl(4)] (II) clusters. The reaction of I and II with Fe(PR(3))(2)Cl(2) or sodium salts of noncoordinating anions such as NaPF(6) or NaBPh(4) in the presence of PR(3) (R = Et, (n)Pr, or (n)Bu) affords (Cl(4)-cat)(2)Mo(2)Fe(6)S(8)(PR(3))(6) [R = Et (IIIa), (n)Pr (IIIb), (n)Bu (IIIc)], Fe(6)S(6)(PEt(3))(4)Cl(2) (IV) and (PF(6))[Fe(6)S(8)(P(n)Pr(3))(6)] (V) as byproducts. The isolation of (Et(4)N)[Fe(PEt(3))Cl(3)] (VI), NaCl, and SPEt(3) supports a reductive coupling mechanism. Cluster IV and V also have been synthesized by the reductive self-coupling of compound II. The reductive coupling reaction between I and II by PEt(3) and NaPF(6) in a 1:1 ratio produces the (Et(4)N)(2)[(Cl(4)-cat)Mo(L)Fe(3)S(4)Cl(3)] clusters [L = MeCN (VIIa), THF (VIIb)]. The hitherto unknown [(Cl(4)-cat)(2)Mo(2)Fe(2)S(3)O(PEt(3))(3)Cl](+) cluster (VIII) has been isolated as the 2:1 salt of the (Fe(PEt(3))(2)(MeCN)(4))(2+) cation after the reductive self-coupling reaction of I in the presence of Fe(PEt(3))(2)Cl(2). Cluster VIII crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/c with a = 11.098(3) A, b = 22.827(6) A, c = 25.855(6) A, beta = 91.680(4) degrees, and Z = 4. The formal oxidation states of metal atoms in VIII have been assigned as Mo(III), Mo(IV), Fe(II), and Fe(III) on the basis of zero-field Mössbauer spectra. The Fe(PEt(3))(2)(MeCN)(4) cation of VIII is also synthesized independently, isolated as the BPh(4)(-) salt (IX), and has been structurally characterized. The reductive coupling of compound I also affords in low yield the new (Cl(4)-cat)(2)Mo(2)Fe(3)S(5)(PEt(3))(5) cluster (X) as a byproduct. Cluster X crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/n with a = 14.811(3) A, b = 22.188(4) A, c = 21.864(4) A, beta = 100.124(3) degrees, and Z = 4 and the structure shows very short Mo-Fe

  12. Preparation of U-Si/U-Me (Me = Fe, Ni, Mn) aluminum-dispersion plate-type fuel (miniplates) for capsule irradiation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ugajin, Mitsuhiro; Itoh, Akinori; Akabori, Mitsuo

    1993-06-01

    Details of equipment installed, method adopted and final products were described on the preparation of uranium silicides and other fuels for capsule irradiation. Main emphasis was placed on the preparation of laboratory-scale aluminum-dispersion plate-type fuel (miniplates) loaded to the first and second JMTR silicide capsules. Fuels contained in the capsules are as follows: (A) uranium-silicide base alloys U 3 Si 2 , Mo- added U 3 Si 2 , U 3 Si 2 +U 3 Si, U 3 Si 2 +USi, U 3 Si, U 3 (Si 0.8 Ge 0.2 ), U 3 (Si 0.6 Ge 0.4 ) (B) U 6 Me-type alloys with higher uranium density U 6 Mn, U 6 Ni, U 6 (Fe 0.4 Ni 0.6 ), U 6 (Fe 0.6 Mn 0.4 ) The powder-metallurgical picture-frame method was adopted and laboratory-scale technique was established for the preparation of miniplates. As a result of inspection for capsule irradiation, miniplates were prepared to meet the requirements of specification. (author)

  13. Magnetic Behavior of Ni-Fe Core-Shell and Alloy Nanowires

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tripathy, Jagnyaseni; Vargas, Jose; Spinu, Leonard; Wiley, John

    2013-03-01

    Template assisted synthesis was used to fabricate a series of Ni-Fe core-shell and alloy nanowires. By controlling reaction conditions as well as pore structure, both systems could be targeted and magnetic properties followed as a function of architectures. In the core-shell structure coercivity increases with decrease in shell thickness while for the alloys, coercivity squareness improve with increase pore diameter. Details on the systematic studies of these materials will be presented in terms of hysteretic measurements, including first order reversal curves (FORC), and FMR data. Magnetic variation as a function of structure and nanowire aspect ratios will be presented and the origins of these behaviors discussed. Advanced Material Research Institute

  14. Stress corrosion cracking of Ni-Fe-Cr alloys in acid sulfate environments relevant to CANDU steam generators

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Persaud, S.Y.; Carcea, A.G., E-mail: suraj.persaud@mail.utoronto.ca [Univ. of Toronto, Toronto, ON (Canada); Huang, J.; Korinek, A.; Botton, G.A. [McMaster Univ., Hamilton, ON (Canada); Newman, R.C. [Univ. of Toronto, Toronto, ON (Canada)

    2014-07-01

    Ni-Fe-Cr alloys used in nuclear plants have been found susceptible to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in acid sulfate environments. Electrochemical measurements and SCC tests were done using Ni, Alloy 600, and Alloy 800 in acid sulfate solutions at 315 {sup o}C. Electrochemical measurements suggested that sulfate is a particularly aggressive anion in mixed chloride systems. Cracks with lengths in excess of 300 μm were present on stressed Alloy 800 samples after 60 hours. High resolution analytical electron microscopy was used to extract a crack tip from an Alloy 800 sample and draw final conclusions with respect to the mechanism of SCC. (author)

  15. Effects of annealing on the microstructure and magnetic property of the mechanically alloyed FeSiBAlNiM (M=Co, Cu, Ag) amorphous high entropy alloys

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zhu, Xiaoxia; Zhou, Xuan; Yu, Shuaishuai; Wei, Congcong; Xu, Jing; Wang, Yan, E-mail: mse_wangy@ujn.edu.cn

    2017-05-15

    The effects of annealing treatment on the microstructure, thermal stability, and magnetic properties of the mechanical alloyed FeSiBAlNiM (M=Co, Cu, Ag) amorphous high entropy alloys (HEAs) have been investigated in this project. The simple crystallization products in FeSiBAlNi amorphous HEAs with Co and Ag addition reveal the high phase stability during heating process. At high annealing treatment, the crystallized HEAs possess the good semi-hard magnetic property. It can conclude that crystallization products containing proper FeSi-rich and FeB-rich phases are beneficial to improve the magnetic property. Annealing near the exothermic peak temperature presents the best enhancing effect on the semi-hard magnetic property of FeSiBAlNiCo. It performs both large saturated magnetization and remanence ratio of 13.0 emu/g and near 45%, which exhibit 465% and 105% enhancement compared with as-milled state, respectively. - Highlights: • Co, Cu, Ag additions affect crystallization behavior of FeSiBAlNi amorphous HEAs. • Crystallization products in FeSiBAlNi Co/Ag reveal high phase stability. • Proper FeSi-rich and FeB-rich phases are beneficial to improve magnetic property. • Annealing treatment improves semi-hard magnetic property compared to as-milled state. • Annealing near exothermic peak temperature shows best enhancing effect on magnetism.

  16. The effects of Ni substitution on the magnetic properties of as-cast and annealed Fe-Co amorphous alloy wires

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pinitsoontorn, S.; Badini Confalonieri, G.A..; Davies, H.A.; Gibbs, M.R.J.

    2005-01-01

    Amorphous alloy wires of composition (Co x Fe y Ni z ) 72.5 Si 12.5 B 15 , with Ni substituted for both Co and Fe, were prepared by the rotating water bath chill cast technique. The maximum Ni content that can be substituted in order to cast amorphous wire is reported. The effects of Ni addition on the hysteresis loop parameters and the major magnetic properties of the as-cast wire are reported

  17. Effect of Ni and Cr on IGSCC growth rate of Ni-Cr-Fe alloys in PWR primary water

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Arioka, K.; Yamada, T.; Aoki, M.; Miyamoto, T.

    2015-01-01

    The purpose of this research is to examine the dependence of SCC (Stress Corrosion Crack) growth on nickel and chromium in PWR primary water; the objective is to obtain the basic knowledge to understand SCC behavior of steam generator tubing materials. The second objective is to understand whether accelerated testing at higher temperatures is appropriate for predicting SCC initiation and growth at lower temperatures. For these objectives, SCC growth was measured in PWR primary water at 290, 320, 330, 340, and 360 C. degrees under static load conditions. Tests were performed using 0.5 T compact tension type specimen using 20%CW X%Ni-16%Cr-Fe alloys in the range of nickel concentration between 16 to 60% and laboratory melted nuclear grade 20% cold worked Alloy 800 (USN N08800, CW800NG). Four important patterns were observed. First, significant effect of nickel on IGSCC resistance was observed at 340 and 360 C. degrees. The rate of IGSCC growth decreases with increasing nickel concentration in the range of nickel concentration between 10% to 25% nickel; and then, the rate of IGSCC increases with increasing nickel concentration in the range of Ni content between 50% and 76%. This trend is quite similar to the results reported by Coriou and Staehle tested in deaerated pure water at 350 C. degrees. However, no significant dependence of Ni content on IGSCC in PWR water at 320 and 290 C. degrees was observed. The change in SCC growth dependence on nickel concentration suggested that the main rate limiting processes on IGSCC growth seems to change between 320 and 340 C. degrees. Secondly, significant beneficial effects of chromium in alloys were observed at 320 C. degrees. However, no beneficial effect of chromium addition in alloys was observed at 360 C. degrees. Thirdly, peak temperatures in growth rate of IGSCC were observed in almost all test materials except for 20%CW Alloy 600. Finally, intergranular attack was observed in some alloys at lower temperature, and the

  18. Linear arrangement of nano-scale magnetic particles formed in Cu-Fe-Ni alloys

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kang, Sung, E-mail: k3201s@hotmail.co [Department of Materials Engineering (SEISAN), Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogayaku, Yokohama, 240-8501 (Japan); Takeda, Mahoto [Department of Materials Engineering (SEISAN), Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogayaku, Yokohama, 240-8501 (Japan); Takeguchi, Masaki [Advanced Electron Microscopy Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Sakura 3-13, Tsukuba, 305-0047 (Japan); Bae, Dong-Sik [School of Nano and Advanced Materials Engineering, Changwon National University, Gyeongnam, 641-773 (Korea, Republic of)

    2010-04-30

    The structural evolution of nano-scale magnetic particles formed in Cu-Fe-Ni alloys on isothermal annealing at 878 K has been investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Phase decomposition of Cu-Fe-Ni occurred after an as-quenched specimen received a short anneal, and nano-scale magnetic particles were formed randomly in the Cu-rich matrix. A striking feature that two or more nano-scale particles with a cubic shape were aligned linearly along <1,0,0> directions was observed, and the trend was more pronounced at later stages of the precipitation. Large numbers of <1,0,0> linear chains of precipitates extended in three dimensions in late stages of annealing.

  19. Investigation on corrosion and wear behaviors of nanoparticles reinforced Ni-based composite alloying layer

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Xu Jiang; Tao Jie; Jiang Shuyun; Xu Zhong

    2008-01-01

    In order to investigate the role of amorphous SiO 2 particles in corrosion and wear resistance of Ni-based metal matrix composite alloying layer, the amorphous nano-SiO 2 particles reinforced Ni-based composite alloying layer has been prepared by double glow plasma alloying on AISI 316L stainless steel surface, where Ni/amorphous nano-SiO 2 was firstly predeposited by brush plating. The composition and microstructure of the nano-SiO 2 particles reinforced Ni-based composite alloying layer were analyzed by using SEM, TEM and XRD. The results indicated that the composite alloying layer consisted of γ-phase and amorphous nano-SiO 2 particles, and under alloying temperature (1000 deg. C) condition, the nano-SiO 2 particles were uniformly distributed in the alloying layer and still kept the amorphous structure. The corrosion resistance of composite alloying layer was investigated by an electrochemical method in 3.5%NaCl solution. Compared with single alloying layer, the amorphous nano-SiO 2 particles slightly decreased the corrosion resistance of the Ni-Cr-Mo-Cu alloying layer. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that the passive films formed on the composite alloying consisted of Cr 2 O 3 , MoO 3 , SiO 2 and metallic Ni and Mo. The dry wear test results showed that the composite alloying layer had excellent friction-reduced property, and the wear weight loss of composite alloying layer was less than 60% of that of Ni-Cr-Mo-Cu alloying layer

  20. Construction of Core-Shell NiMoO4@Ni-Co-S Nanorods as Advanced Electrodes for High-Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Chao; Yan, Dan; Luo, Xin; Gao, Wenjia; Huang, Guanjie; Han, Ziwu; Zeng, Yan; Zhu, Zhihong

    2018-02-07

    In this work, hierarchical core-shell NiMoO 4 @Ni-Co-S nanorods were first successfully grown on nickel foam by a facile two-step method to fabricate a bind-free electrode. The well-aligned electrode wrapped by Ni-Co-S nanosheets displays excellent nanostructural properties and outstanding electrochemical performance, owing to the synergistic effects of both nickel molybdenum oxides and nickel cobalt sulfides. The prepared core-shell nanorods in a three-electrode cell yielded a high specific capacitance of 2.27 F cm -2 (1892 F g -1 ) at a current density of 5 mA cm -2 and retained 91.7% of the specific capacitance even after 6000 cycles. Their electrochemical performance was further investigated for their use as positive electrode for asymmetric supercapacitors. Notably, the energy density of the asymmetric supercapacitor device reached 2.45 mWh cm -3 at a power density of 0.131 W cm -3 , and still retained a remarkable 80.3% of the specific capacitance after 3500 cycles. There is great potential for the electrode composed of the core-shell NiMoO 4 @Ni-Co-S nanorods for use in an all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor device.

  1. Successes and failures of Ni-Cr-Mo family alloys in FGD systems of coal-fired power plants

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Agarwal, D.C.

    1986-01-01

    At first glance, operation of a typical limestone FGD system seems deceptively simple. However, the first generation scrubbers of the early to mid 70's proved to be a financial and operational disaster due to metals corroding in a rather short time period and non-metallic linings failing by blistering, debonding, cracking, flaking and peeling. Extensive research programs at various institutions and utilities to find better construction materials led to higher alloys up the ladder of the Ni-Cr-Mo family, other materials and new non-metallic coatings. This paper describes case histories showing both success and failures of the various alloys in the Ni-Cr-Mo family. This information will not only be useful to the various scrubber system suppliers and A/E's, but should be of value to utility corrosion/scrubber engineers and maintenance personnel who, on a day-to-day basis, are involved in keeping their systems functional in a cost-effective manner

  2. Slurry Erosion Behavior of AlxCoCrFeNiTi0.5 High-Entropy Alloy Coatings Fabricated by Laser Cladding

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jianhua Zhao

    2018-02-01

    Full Text Available High-entropy alloys (HEAs have gained extensive attention due to their excellent properties and the related scientific value in the last decade. In this work, AlxCoCrFeNiTi0.5 HEA coatings (x: molar ratio, x = 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 were fabricated on Q345 steel substrate by laser-cladding process to develop a practical protection technology for fluid machines. The effect of Al content on their phase evolution, microstructure, and slurry erosion performance of the HEA coatings was studied. The AlxCoCrFeNiTi0.5 HEA coatings are composed of simple face-centered cubic (FCC, body-centered cubic (BCC and their mixture phase. Slurry erosion tests were conducted on the HEA coatings with a constant velocity of 10.08 m/s and 16–40 meshs and particles at impingement angles of 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 degrees. The effect of three parameters, namely impingement angle, sand concentration and erosion time, on the slurry erosion behavior of AlxCoCrFeNiTi0.5 HEA coatings was investigated. Experimental results show AlCoCrFeNiTi0.5 HEA coating follows a ductile erosion mode and a mixed mode (neither ductile nor brittle for Al1.5CoCrFeNiTi0.5 HEA coating, while Al2.0CoCrFeNiTi0.5 and Al2.5CoCrFeNiTi0.5 HEA coatings mainly exhibit brittle erosion mode. AlCoCrFeNiTi0.5 HEA coating has good erosion resistance at all investigated impingement angles due to its high hardness, good plasticity, and low stacking fault energy (SFE.

  3. Nanocomposite Nd-Y-Fe-B-Mo bulk magnets prepared by injection casting technique

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Tao, Shan [Magnetism Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018 (China); Ahmad, Zubair [State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027 (China); Zhang, Pengyue [Magnetism Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018 (China); Yan, Mi, E-mail: mse_yanmi@zju.edu.cn [State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027 (China); Zheng, Xiaomei [Magnetism Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018 (China)

    2017-09-01

    Highlights: • Nanocomposite Nd{sub 7}Y{sub 6}Fe{sub 61}B{sub 22}Mo{sub 4} sheet magnets were synthesized by injection casting. • High coercivity of 1289 kA/m was obtained for the directly casted magnet. • Magnetic properties arise from magnetically exchange coupled soft and hard phases. - Abstract: The phase composition, magnetic and microstructural properties of Nd{sub 2}Fe{sub 14}B/(α-Fe, Fe{sub 3}B) nanocomposite magnets produced by injection casting technique have been studied. Magnetic hysteresis loop of the Nd{sub 7}Y{sub 6}Fe{sub 61}B{sub 22}Mo{sub 4} permanent magnet demonstrates the coercivity as high as 1289 kA/m. Electron microscopy elucidates a microstructure composed of magnetically soft α-Fe, Fe{sub 3}B and hard Nd{sub 2}Fe{sub 14}B/Y{sub 2}Fe{sub 14}B nanograins (20–50 nm) separated by ultra-thin grain boundary layer. The Henkel plot curve of the Nd{sub 7}Y{sub 6}Fe{sub 61}B{sub 22}Mo{sub 4} magnet yields the existence of exchange coupling interactions between soft and hard phases. Macroscopically large size sheet magnet is obtained due to high glass forming ability of the Nd{sub 7}Y{sub 6}Fe{sub 61}B{sub 22}Mo{sub 4} alloy derived from large atomic radius mismatch and negative enthalpy of alloy constituent elements. The high coercivity of the magnet is attributed to the magnetically hard phase increment, nucleation of reverse domains and the presence of thin grain boundary phase. Good magnetic properties such as remanence of 0.51 T, coercivity of 1289 kA/m and maximum energy product of 46.2 kJ/m{sup 3} are obtained in directly casted Nd{sub 7}Y{sub 6}Fe{sub 61}B{sub 22}Mo{sub 4} sheet magnets.

  4. Phase Evolution and Mechanical Properties of AlCoCrFeNiSi x High-Entropy Alloys Synthesized by Mechanical Alloying and Spark Plasma Sintering

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kumar, Anil; Swarnakar, Akhilesh Kumar; Chopkar, Manoj

    2018-05-01

    In the current investigation, AlCoCrFeNiSi x (x = 0, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 in atomic ratio) high-entropy alloy systems are prepared by mechanical alloying and subsequently consolidated by spark plasma sintering. The microstructural and mechanical properties were analyzed to understand the effect of Si addition in AlCoCrFeNi alloy. The x-ray diffraction analysis reveals the supersaturated solid solution of the body-centered cubic structure after 20 h of ball milling. However, the consolidation promotes the transformation of body-centered phases partially into the face-centered cubic structure and sigma phases. A recently proposed geometric model based on the atomic stress theory has been extended for the first time to classify single phase and multi-phases on the high-entropy alloys prepared by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering process. Improved microhardness and better wear resistance were achieved as the Si content increased from 0 to 0.9 in the present high-entropy alloy.

  5. Explosive device of conduit using Ti Ni alloy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. Yu. Kolobov

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Presently, materials have been developed which are capable at changing temperate to return significant inelastic deformations, exhibit rubber-like elasticity, convert heat into mechanical work, etc. The aggregate of these effects is usually called the shape memory effect.At present a great number of compounds and alloys with a shape memory effect has been known.These are alloys based on titanium nickelide (TiNi, copper-based alloys (Cu-Al, Cu-Sn, Cu-Al-Ni, Cu-Zn-Si, etc., gold and silver (Ag-Cd, Au-Ag-Cd, Au-Cd-Cu, Au-Zn-Cu, etc., manganese (Mn-Cr, Fe-Cu, Mn-Cu-Ni, Mn-Cu-Zr, Mn-Ni, etc., iron (Fe-Mn, Fe-Ni, Fe-Al, etc., and other compounds.The alloys based on titanium nickelide (nitinol are the most widely used.Alloys with shape memory effect find various applications in engineering and medicine, namely connecting devices, actuators, transformable design, multipurpose medical implants, etc.There is a task of breaking fuel conduit during separating the spacecraft from the rocket in space technology.The paper examines the procedure for design calculation of the separating device of conduit with the use of Ti-Ni alloy. This device can be used instead of the pyro-knives.The device contains two semi-rings from Ti-Ni alloy. In the place of break on the conduit an annular radius groove is made.At a temperature of martensite passage the semi-rings undergo deformation and in the strained state are set in the device. With heating to the temperature of the austenitic passage of bushing macro-deformation the energy stored by the nitinol bushing is great enough to break the conduit on the neck.The procedures of design calculation and response time of device are given.

  6. Microstructural Characteristics and Tribological Behavior of HVOF-Sprayed Novel Fe-Based Alloy Coatings

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrea Milanti

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Thermally-sprayed Fe-based coatings have shown their potential for use in wear applications due to their good tribological properties. In addition, these kinds of coatings have other advantages, e.g., cost efficiency and positive environmental aspects. In this study, the microstructural details and tribological performances of Fe-based coatings (Fe-Cr-Ni-B-C and Fe-Cr-Ni-B-Mo-C manufactured by High Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF thermal spray process are evaluated. Traditional Ni-based (Ni-Cr-Fe-Si-B-C and hard-metal (WC-CoCr coatings were chosen as references. Microstructural investigation (field-emission scanning electron microscope FESEM and X-Ray diffractometry XRD reveals a high density and low oxide content for HVOF Fe-based coatings. Particle melting and rapid solidification resulted in a metastable austenitic phase with precipitates of mixed carbides and borides of chromium and iron which lead to remarkably high nanohardness. Tribological performances were evaluated by means of the ball on-disk dry sliding wear test, the rubber-wheel dry particle abrasion test, and the cavitation erosion wear test. A higher wear resistance validates Fe-based coatings as a future alternative to the more expensive and less environmentally friendly Ni-based alloys.

  7. Crystallization of the amorphous Fe{sub 80}Zr{sub 12}B{sub 8} alloy under controlled heating

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Huang, H. [School of Engineering (H6), University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH (United Kingdom); Shao, G. [Centre for Materials Research and Innovation, University of Bolton, Bolton BL3 5AB (United Kingdom)], E-mail: G.Shao@bolton.ac.uk; Tsakiropoulos, P. [Department of Engineering Materials, Sir Robert Hadfirld Building, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD (United Kingdom)

    2008-07-14

    The devitrification process of amorphous Fe{sub 80}Zr{sub 12}B{sub 8} alloy ribbons were studied under controlled thermal conditions. The major crystallization event during continuous heating with differential scanning calorimetory (DSC) is dictated by diffusion controlled growth and the associated atom mobility of the slow diffusing species Zr. The existence of prior nano-crystals formed by pre-annealing below the crystallization temperature had little effect on the major crystallization temperature. The crystallization sequence during heating was: amorphous {yields} amorphous + {alpha}-Fe + Fe{sub 3}Zr(B) {yields} amorphous + {alpha}-Fe + Fe{sub 3}Zr(B) + Fe{sub 2}Zr. Different from previous findings in alloys of lower Zr and B contents, the peak for the crystallization of the {alpha}-Fe phase alone is missing in the DSC traces of this alloy.

  8. Microstructure and wear resistance of laser cladded composite coatings prepared from pre-alloyed WC-NiCrMo powder with different laser spots

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yao, Jianhua; Zhang, Jie; Wu, Guolong; Wang, Liang; Zhang, Qunli; Liu, Rong

    2018-05-01

    The distribution of WC particles in laser cladded composite coatings can significantly affect the wear resistance of the coatings under aggressive environments. In this study, pre-alloyed WC-NiCrMo powder is deposited on SS316L via laser cladding with circular spot and wide-band spot, respectively. The microstructure and WC distribution of the coatings are investigated with optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The wear behavior of the coatings is investigated under dry sliding-wear test. The experimental results show that the partially dissolved WC particles are uniformly distributed in both coatings produced with circular spot and wide-band spot, respectively, and the microstructures consist of WC and M23C6 carbides and γ-(Ni, Fe) solid solution matrix. However, due to Fe dilution, the two coatings have different microstructural characteristics, resulting in different hardness and wear resistance. The wide-band spot laser prepared coating shows better performance than the circular spot laser prepared coating.

  9. Surface properties of a nanocrystalline Fe-Ni-Nb-B alloy after neutron irradiation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pavuk, M.; Sitek, J.; Sedlackova, K.

    2014-01-01

    In this work, we studied the impact of a neutron radiation on the surface properties of the nanocrystalline (Fe_0_._2_5Ni_0_._7_5)_8_1Nb_7B_1_2 alloy. Changes in topography and domain structure were observed by means of magnetic force microscopy (MFM). (authors)

  10. Composition design of superhigh strength maraging stainless steels using a cluster model

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zhen Li

    2014-02-01

    Full Text Available The composition characteristics of maraging stainless steels were studied in the present work investigation using a cluster-plus-glue-atom model. The least solubility limit of high-temperature austenite to form martensite in basic Fe–Ni–Cr corresponds to the cluster formula [NiFe12]Cr3, where NiFe12 is a cuboctahedron centered by Ni and surrounded by 12 Fe atoms in FCC structure and Cr serves as glue atoms. A cluster formula [NiFe12](Cr2Ni with surplus Ni was then determined to ensure the second phase (Ni3M precipitation, based on which new multi-component alloys [(Ni,Cu16Fe192](Cr32(Ni,Mo,Ti,Nb,Al,V16 were designed. These alloys were prepared by copper mould suction casting method, then solid-solution treated at 1273 K for 1 h followed by water-quenching, and finally aged at 783 K for 3 h. The experimental results showed that the multi-element alloying results in Ni3M precipitation on the martensite, which enhances the strengths of alloys sharply after ageing treatment. Among them, the aged [(Cu4Ni12Fe192](Cr32(Ni8.5Mo2Ti2Nb0.5Al1V1 alloy (Fe74.91Ni8.82Cr11.62Mo1.34Ti0.67Nb0.32Al0.19V0.36Cu1.78 wt% has higher tensile strengths with YS=1456 MPa and UTS=1494 MPa. It also exhibits good corrosion-resistance in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution.

  11. Difference between Cr and Ni K-edge XANES spectra of rust layers formed on Fe-based binary alloys exposed to Cl-rich environment

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Konishi, Hiroyuki; Mizuki, Jun'ichiro; Yamashita, Masato; Uchida, Hitoshi

    2005-01-01

    The rust layer formed on weathering steel possesses a strong protective ability against corrosives in an atmospheres. This ability is related to the structure of the rust layer. The difference in the protective ability of a rust layer. The difference in the protective ability of a rust layer in a Cl-rich environment between conventional weathering steel containing Cr and advanced weathering steel containing Ni is believed to be caused by the differences in local structural and chemical properties between alloying elements. Cr and Ni, in the rust layer. In order to examine the effect of these alloying elements on the structure of the rust layer formed on steel in a Cl-rich environment, we have performed Cr and Ni K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) measurements for the rust layer of Fe-Cr and Fe-Ni binary alloys exposed to a Cl-rich atmosphere using synchrotron radiation. The results of the Cr K-edge XANES measurements for the rust layer of Fe-Cr binary alloys show that the atomic geometry around Cr depends on the concentration of Cr. Therefore, it is expected that the local structure around Cr in the rust layer is unstable. On the other hand, from the results of the Ni K-edge XANES measurements for the rust layer of Fe-Ni binary alloys. Ni is considered to be positioned at a specific site in the crystal structure of a constituent of the rust layer, such as akaganeite or magnetite. As a consequence, Ni negligibly interacts with Cl - ions in the rust layer. (author)

  12. Tratamientos térmicos de los aceros sinterizados obtenidos a partir de polvos prealeados Fe-1,5% Mo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Torralba, J. M.

    1995-04-01

    Full Text Available The influence of several heat treatments on the mechanical and physical properties of three different sintered Ni-Cu-Mo alloyed steels are evaluated. The heat treatments carried out were quenching and tempering at different temperatures. The raw material studied was a Fe-Mo prealloyed powder with an 1.5% Mo content.

    Se estudia la influencia que distintos estados de tratamiento térmico ejercen sobre las propiedades mecánicas y físicas de tres aceros aleados con cobre, níquel y molibdeno sinterizados. Los tratamientos térmicos realizados consisten en temple y revenido a distintas temperaturas. El material de partida utilizado para conseguir la aleación de molibdeno ha sido un polvo prealeado de Fe-1,5% Mo.

  13. Study of the ternary alloy systems Al-Ni-Fe and Al-Cu-Ru with special regard to quasicrystalline phases

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lemmerz, U.

    1996-07-01

    Two ternary alloy-systems, the Al-Ni-Fe system and the Al-Cu-Ru system were studied with special regard to quasicrystalline phases. Isothermal sections were established in both systems in the stoichiometric area of the quasicrystalline phase. In the Al-Ni-Fe system a new stable decagonal phase was found. Its stoichiometric range is very small around Al 71.6 Ni 23.0 Fe 5.4 . The temperature range in which it is stable lies between 847 and 930 C. The decagonal phase undergoes a eutectoid reaction to the three crystalline phases Al 3 Ni 2 , Al 3 Ni and Al 13 Fe 4 at 847 C. It melts peritectically at 930 C forming Al 13 Fe 4 , Al 3 Ni 2 and a liquid. The investigations in the Al-Cu-Ru system concentrated on the phase equilibria between the icosahedral phase and its neighbouring phases in a temperature range between 600 and 1000 C. The icosahedral phase was observed in the whole temperature range. The investigated stoichiometric area extends down to Al contents of 45%, which allows the fields of existence to be determined for the ternary phases α-AlCuRu, the icosahedral phase and Al 7 Cu 2 Ru. Binary phases were determined down to the upper (high Al content) border of AlRu. No hitherto unknown phase was observed in the investigated area. Rietveld analyses were carried out on α-AlCuRu and Al 7 Cu 2 Ru showing some discrepancies from the α-AlMnSi structure taken as a base for α-AlCuRu and confirming the Al 7 Cu 2 Fe structure for Al 7 Cu 2 Ru. (orig.)

  14. Elevated-Temperature Corrosion of CoCrCuFeNiAl0.5Bx High-Entropy Alloys in Simulated Syngas Containing H2S

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dogan, Omer N; Nielsen, Benjamin C; Hawk, Jeffrey A

    2013-08-01

    High-entropy alloys are formed by synthesizing five or more principal elements in equimolar or near equimolar concentrations. Microstructure of the CoCrCuFeNiAl{sub 0.5}B{sub x} (x = 0, 0.2, 0.6, 1) high-entropy alloys under investigation is composed of a mixture of disordered bcc and fcc phases and borides. These alloys were tested gravimetrically for their corrosion resistance in simulated syngas containing 0, 0.01, 0.1, and 1 % H{sub 2}S at 500 °C. The exposed coupons were characterized using XRD and SEM. No significant corrosion was detected at 500 °C in syngas containing 0 and 0.01 % H{sub 2}S while significant corrosion was observed in syngas containing 0.1 and 1 % H{sub 2}S. Cu{sub 1.96}S was the primary sulfide in the external corrosion scale on the low-boron high-entropy alloys, whereas FeCo{sub 4}Ni{sub 4}S{sub 8} on the high-boron high-entropy alloys. Multi-phase Cu-rich regions in the low-B high-entropy alloys were vulnerable to corrosive attack.

  15. Phase evolution, mechanical and corrosion behavior of Fe(100-x) Ni(x) alloys synthesized by powder metallurgy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Singh, Neera; Parkash, Om; Kumar, Devendra

    2018-03-01

    In the present investigation, Fe(100-x) Ni(x) alloys (x = 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 wt%) were synthesized through the evolution of γ-taenite and α-kamacite phases by powder metallurgy route using commercially available Fe and Ni powders. Mechanically mixed powders of Fe and Ni were compacted at room temperature and sintered at three different temperatures 1000, 1200 and 1250 °C for 1 h. Both Ni concentration and sintering temperature have shown a strong impact on the phase formation, tribological and electrochemical behavior. Micro structural study has shown the formation of taenite (γ-Fe,Ni) and kamacite (α-Fe,Ni) phases in the sintered specimens. An increase in Ni fraction resulted in formation of more taenite which reduces hardness and wear resistance of specimens. Increasing the sintering temperature decreased the defect concentration with enhanced taenite formation, aiding to higher densification. Taenite formed completely in Fe50Ni50 after sintering at 1250 °C. Tribological test revealed the maximum wear resistance for Fe70Ni30 specimen due to the presence of both kamacite and taenite in significant proportions. The formation of taenite as well as the decrease in defect concentration improves the corrosion resistance of the specimens significantly in 1M HCl solution. A maximum corrosion protection efficiency of around ∼87% was achieved in acidic medium for Fe50Ni50, sintered at 1250 °C.

  16. Study of optical properties of vacuum evaporated carbon nanotube containing Se80Te16Cu4 thin films

    Science.gov (United States)

    Upadhyay, A. N.; Tiwari, R. S.; Singh, Kedar

    2016-08-01

    Thin films of Se80Te16Cu4 glassy alloy and 3 wt.% of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) containing Se80Te16Cu4 glassy composite were deposited on clean glass substrate by thermal evaporation technique. The scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive x-ray analysis were performed to investigate the surface morphology and elemental composition of as synthesised samples. The reflectance and transmittance spectra of as-deposited thin films were recorded (200-1100 nm) by using UV/VIS/NIR spectrophotometer. The optical band gap and optical constants such as absorption coefficient (α), refractive index (n) and extinction coefficient (k) of Se80Te16Cu4 and 3 wt.% CNTs-Se80Te16Cu4 glassy composite thin films were calculated. It is observed that optical properties alter due to CNTs incorporation in Se80Te16Cu4 glassy alloy. Effect on optical properties due to CNTs incorporation can be explained in terms of concentration of unsaturated bonds/defects in the localised states.

  17. Anisotropic phase separation through the metal-insulator transition in amorphous Mo-Ge and Fe-Ge alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Regan, M.J.

    1993-12-01

    Since an amorphous solid is often defined as that which lacks long-range order, the atomic structure is typically characterized in terms of the high-degree of short-range order. Most descriptions of vapor-deposited amorphous alloys focus on characterizing this order, while assuming that the material is chemically homogeneous beyond a few near neighbors. By coupling traditional small-angle x-ray scattering which probes spatial variations of the electron density with anomalous dispersion which creates a species-specific contrast, one can discern cracks and voids from chemical inhomogeneity. In particular, one finds that the chemical inhomogeneities which have been previously reported in amorphous Fe x Ge 1-x and Mo x Ge 1-x are quite anisotropic, depending significantly on the direction of film growth. With the addition of small amounts of metal atoms (x 2 or MoGe 3 . Finally, by manipulating the deposited power flux and rates of growth, Fe x Ge 1-x films which have the same Fe composition x can be grown to different states of phase separation. These results may help explain the difficulty workers have had in isolating the metal/insulator transition for these and other vapor-deposited amorphous alloys

  18. Co-reduction of Copper Smelting Slag and Nickel Laterite to Prepare Fe-Ni-Cu Alloy for Weathering Steel

    Science.gov (United States)

    Guo, Zhengqi; Pan, Jian; Zhu, Deqing; Zhang, Feng

    2018-02-01

    In this study, a new technique was proposed for the economical and environmentally friendly recovery of valuable metals from copper smelting slag while simultaneously upgrading nickel laterite through a co-reduction followed by wet magnetic separation process. Copper slag with a high FeO content can decrease the liquidus temperature of the SiO2-Al2O3-CaO-MgO system and facilitate formation of liquid phase in a co-reduction process with nickel laterite, which is beneficial for metallic particle growth. As a result, the recovery of Ni, Cu, and Fe was notably increased. A crude Fe-Ni-Cu alloy with 2.5% Ni, 1.1% Cu, and 87.9% Fe was produced, which can replace part of scrap steel, electrolytic copper, and nickel as the burden in the production of weathering steel by an electric arc furnace. The study further found that an appropriate proportion of copper slag and nickel laterite in the mixture is essential to enhance the reduction, acquire appropriate amounts of the liquid phase, and improve the growth of the metallic alloy grains. As a result, the liberation of alloy particles in the grinding process was effectively promoted and the metal recovery was increased significantly in the subsequent magnetic separation process.

  19. Study of the effect of PH, surface finish and thermal treatment on the corrosion of AlFeNi aluminum alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nabhan, Diana

    2013-01-01

    The Jules Horowitz Reactor (JHR) is a research reactor under construction at the CEA Cadarache research center, France. It is scheduled to start operating by 2020. The fuel elements of this reactor core consist of eight concentric rows of cylindrical plates, each row being composed of three thin aluminum coated plates. Cooling water circulates between these plates through very thin gaps smaller than 2 mm. The aluminum alloy used to coat the fuel plates is an alloy called AlFeNi, which contains 1% wt. Fe, 1% wt. Ni and 1% wt. Mg. In the reactor environment, this alloy may undergo corrosion. The oxide layer formed on the AlFeNi alloy is composed of two different types of oxides: an inner oxide layer formed by a diffusion mechanism and an outer oxide layer formed by re-precipitation. As a consequence, formation of an oxide scale on the aluminum coating could reduce the gap between the cladding plates, thus allowing less water to circulate. This could in turn lead to local heating of the fuel cladding. In addition, the metal consumption and the softening of the metal at high temperatures can lead to a decrease of the mechanical strength of the cladding. In order to qualify the fuel elements of the JHR, several specimens of AlFeNi, representative of the future cladding, were corroded at 250 .deg. C for different durations (9 to 34 days) in distilled water of different pH: 4.9; 5.2 and 5.6. These pH values have been chosen to simulate the ones currently predicted for the JHR. The effect of surface finish (polished and not polished) and thermal treatment (annealed and not annealed) on the oxide growth rate was also investigated. For long tests over 30 days, the pH 5,6 appears to be more favorable than the pH 5,2 and 4,9 to limit the oxide thickness, but this pH effect is reduced on unpolished samples. In one hand, the effect of surface finish on the corrosion behavior as measured by optical microscopy appears to be strong. On the other hand, the effect of thermal

  20. Study of the effect of PH, surface finish and thermal treatment on the corrosion of AlFeNi aluminum alloy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Nabhan, Diana [Comissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Paris (France)

    2013-07-01

    The Jules Horowitz Reactor (JHR) is a research reactor under construction at the CEA Cadarache research center, France. It is scheduled to start operating by 2020. The fuel elements of this reactor core consist of eight concentric rows of cylindrical plates, each row being composed of three thin aluminum coated plates. Cooling water circulates between these plates through very thin gaps smaller than 2 mm. The aluminum alloy used to coat the fuel plates is an alloy called AlFeNi, which contains 1% wt. Fe, 1% wt. Ni and 1% wt. Mg. In the reactor environment, this alloy may undergo corrosion. The oxide layer formed on the AlFeNi alloy is composed of two different types of oxides: an inner oxide layer formed by a diffusion mechanism and an outer oxide layer formed by re-precipitation. As a consequence, formation of an oxide scale on the aluminum coating could reduce the gap between the cladding plates, thus allowing less water to circulate. This could in turn lead to local heating of the fuel cladding. In addition, the metal consumption and the softening of the metal at high temperatures can lead to a decrease of the mechanical strength of the cladding. In order to qualify the fuel elements of the JHR, several specimens of AlFeNi, representative of the future cladding, were corroded at 250 .deg. C for different durations (9 to 34 days) in distilled water of different pH: 4.9; 5.2 and 5.6. These pH values have been chosen to simulate the ones currently predicted for the JHR. The effect of surface finish (polished and not polished) and thermal treatment (annealed and not annealed) on the oxide growth rate was also investigated. For long tests over 30 days, the pH 5,6 appears to be more favorable than the pH 5,2 and 4,9 to limit the oxide thickness, but this pH effect is reduced on unpolished samples. In one hand, the effect of surface finish on the corrosion behavior as measured by optical microscopy appears to be strong. On the other hand, the effect of thermal

  1. Magnetic nanowires (Fe, Fe-Co, Fe-Ni – magnetic moment reorientation in respect of wires composition

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kalska-Szostko Beata

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available Magnetic nanowires of Fe, Fe-Co, and Fe-Ni alloy and layered structure were prepared by electrochemical alternating current (AC deposition method. The morphology of the nanowires in and without the matrix was studied by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX, scanning electron microscopy (SEM, and X-ray diffraction (XRD, respectively. The wires either show strong dependence on the combination of elements deposition (alloy or layered or chemical composition (Co or Ni. The magnetic properties of the nanostructures were determined on the basis of Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS.

  2. The ''C'' family of Ni-Cr-Mo allloys' partnership with the chemical process industry: the last 70 years

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Agarwal, D.C.; Herda, W.R.

    1997-01-01

    The ''C'' family of alloys, the original being Hastelloy trademark alloy C (1930's) was an innovative optimization of Ni-Cr alloys having good resistance to oxidizing corrosive media and Ni-Mo alloys with superior resistance to reducing corrosive media. This combination resulted in the most versatile corrosion resistant alloy in the ''Ni-Cr-Mo'' alloy family, with exceptional corrosion resistance in a wide variety of severe corrosive environments typically encountered in CPI and other industries. The alloy also exhibited excellent resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion attack in low pH, high chloride oxidizing environments and had virtual immunity to chloride stress corrosion cracking. These properties allowed this alloy to serve the industrial needs for many years, although it had some limitations. The decades of the 1960's (alloy C-276), 1970's (alloy C-4), 1980's (alloy C-22 and 622) and 1990's (alloy 59, alloy 686 and alloy C-2000) saw newer alloy developments with improvements in corrosion resistance, which not only overcame the limitations of alloy C, but further expanded the horizons of applications as the needs of the CPI became more critical, severe and demanding. Today the originally alloy ''C'' of the 1930's is practically obsolete except for some usage in form of castings. This paper presents a chronology of the various corrosion resistant alloy developments during this century, with special emphasis on the last 70 years evolution in the ''C'' family of Ni-Cr-Mo alloys and their applications. (orig.)

  3. Long-term creep rupture strength of weldment of Fe-Ni based alloy as candidate tube and pipe for advanced USC boilers

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bao, Gang; Sato, Takashi [Babcok-Hitachi K.K., Hiroshima (Japan). Kure Research Laboratory; Marumoto, Yoshihide [Babcok-Hitachi K.K., Hiroshima (Japan). Kure Div.

    2010-07-01

    A lot of works have been going to develop 700C USC power plant in Europe and Japan. High strength Ni based alloys such as Alloy 617, Alloy 740 and Alloy 263 were the candidates for boiler tube and pipe in Europe, and Fe-Ni based alloy HR6W (45Ni-24Fe-23Cr-7W-Ti) is also a candidate for tube and pipe in Japan. One of the Key issues to achieve 700 C boilers is the welding process of these alloys. Authors investigated the weldability and the long-term creep rupture strength of HR6W tube. The weldments were investigated metallurgically to find proper welding procedure and creep rupture tests are ongoing exceed 38,000 hours. The long-term creep rupture strengths of the HST weld joints are similar to those of parent metals and integrity of the weldments was confirmed based on with other mechanical testing results. (orig.)

  4. Hydriding properties of amorphous Ni-B alloy studied by DSC and thermogravimetry

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Spassov, T.; Rangelova, V.

    1999-01-01

    The hydrogenation behaviour of melt-spun Ni 81.5 B 18.5 amorphous alloy was studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG) and compared with the hydriding properties of a Fe-B-Si glass. It was found that the amorphous Ni-B alloy absorbs larger amounts of hydrogen than the Fe-B-Si glass, as the initial kinetics of hydrogen absorption and desorption of both the alloys are comparable. Hydrogen absorption and desorption reactions in Ni-B were observed to proceed with similar rates at ca. 300 K. The hydrogen desorption is revealed in DSC as an endothermic peak in the 350-450 K range, preceding the crystallization peak of the amorphous alloy. The enthalpy of hydrogen desorption (ΔH des =22 kJ/mol H 2 ) for Ni-B was found to be smaller than that for the Fe-B-Si glass, which finding is in contrast to the results on hydrogen diffusion in crystalline αFe and Fe-based alloys and Ni and Ni-based alloys. The hydrogen desorption temperature and enthalpy for Ni 81.5 B 18.5 were found to be independent of the amount of hydrogen absorbed. (Copyright (c) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam. All rights reserved.)

  5. Effect of Ni Addition on the Wear and Corrosion Resistance of Fe-20Cr-1.7C-1Si Hardfacing Alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lee, Sung Hoon; Kim, Ki Nam; Kim, Seon Jin

    2011-01-01

    In order to improve the corrosion resistance of Fe-20Cr-1.7C-1Si hardfacing alloy without a loss of wear resistance, the effect of Ni addition was investigated. As expected, the corrosion resistance of the alloy increased with increasing Ni concentration. The wear resistance of the alloy did not decrease, even though the hardness decreased, up to Ni concentration of 5 wt.%. This was attributed to the fact that the decrease in hardness was counterbalanced by the strain-induced martensitic transformation. The wear resistance of the alloy, however, decreased abruptly with increases of the Ni concentration over 5 wt.%.

  6. Comparison of SA508 Gr.3 and SA508 Gr.4N Low Alloy Steels for Reactor Pressure Vessel Steel

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kim, Min Chul; Lee, B. S

    2009-12-15

    The microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of SA508 Gr.3 Mn-Mo-Ni low alloy steel and SA508 Gr.4N Ni-Mo-Cr low alloy steel were investigated. The differences in the stable phases between these two low alloy steels were evaluated by means of a thermodynamic calculation using ThermoCalc. They were then compared to microstructural features and correlated with mechanical properties. Mn-Mo-Ni low alloy steel shows the upper bainite structure which has the coarse cementite in the lath boundaries. However, Ni-Mo-Cr low alloy steel shows the mixture of lower bainite and tempered martensite structure that homogeneously precipitates the small carbides such as M{sub 23}C{sub 6} and M{sub 7}C{sub 3} due to an increase of hardenability and Cr addition. In the mechanical properties, Ni-Mo-Cr low alloy steel has higher strength and toughness than Mn-Mo-Ni low alloy steel. Ni and Cr additions increase the strength by solid solution hardening. Besides, microstructural changes from upper bainite to tempered martensite improve the strength of the low alloy steel by grain refining effect. And the changes in the precipitation behavior by Cr addition improve the ductile-brittle transition behavior along with a toughening effect of Ni addition.

  7. Shape memory effect of Fe-14% Mn-6% Si-9% Cr-6% Ni alloy polycrystals

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Inagaki, Hirosuke

    1992-01-01

    Factors affecting the shape memory effect in Fe-14% Mn-6% Si-9% Cr-6% Ni alloy polycrystals were studied in detail. It was found that the shape memory effect in this alloy was most influenced by the amount of deformation. With increasing amount of deformation, the shape memory effect diminished appreciably. Although the fraction of the initial dimensional change that could be restored was about 45% in the specimen strained by 4%, only 21% of the initial dimensional change was recovered in the specimen strained by 9%. Temperatures of deformation were found to be also an important factor that affected the shape memory effect. The maximum shape memory effect was observed in the specimens strained at temperatures between the M s and M d temperatures. In this alloy, however, specimens strained at temperatures below the M s temperature indicated a relatively large shape memory effect, too. It was further found that the shape memory effect was appreciably intensified by repeated straining and annealing, especially when straining was performed at 500deg C. It was suggested that the shape memory effect in Fe base alloys was strongly influenced by the dislocation substructure present in the starting material. (orig.) [de

  8. Corrosion and wear behavior of Ni60CuMoW coatings fabricated by combination of laser cladding and mechanical vibration processing

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Liu, Hongxi, E-mail: piiiliuhx@sina.com [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093 (China); Xu, Qian [Faculty of Adult Education, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650051 (China); Wang, Chuanqi; Zhang, Xiaowei [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093 (China)

    2015-02-05

    Highlights: • Ni60CuMoW coatings were fabricated by mechanical vibration assisted laser cladding hybrid process. • The maximum micro-hardness of the coating with mechanical vibration increases by 16%. • The mass loss and friction coefficient of the coating decreases by 17% and 16%, respectively. • The E{sub corr} positive shifts 1134.9 mV and i{sub corr} decreases by nearly one order of magnitude. • The ideal vibration parameters is vibration frequency 200 Hz and vibration amplitude 140 μm. - Abstract: Ni60CuMoW composite coatings were fabricated on 45 medium carbon steel using mechanical vibration assisted laser cladding surface modification processing. The microstructure, element distribution, phase composition, microhardness, wear and corrosion resistance of cladding coatings were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS), hardness tester, friction and wear apparatus and electrochemical workstation. The results indicate that the microstructure of M{sub 23}C{sub 6} (Cr{sub 23}C{sub 6} or (Fe, Ni){sub 23}C{sub 6}) carbide dispersion strengthening phase is uniformly distributed in eutectic (Ni, Fe) phase. The in-situ BCr and MoC compounds distribute in lamellar structure Fe{sub 3}B and dendrite Fe{sub 3}Ni{sub 3}Si, and some new W{sub 2}C phases also generated in Ni60CuMoW coating. In addition, the coarse dendrite has been replaced by some fine grain structure at the bonding interface. The fine grain hard phase makes the average microhardness of cladding coating increase from 720 to 835 HV{sub 0.5}. Under the condition of 200 Hz mechanical vibration frequency, the wear mass loss and friction coefficient of Ni60CuMoW coating are 7.6 mg and 0.068, 17% and 16% lower than the coating without mechanical vibration, respectively. The corrosion potential of cladding coating with mechanical vibration increases by 1134.9 mV and the corrosion current density decreases by nearly one order of

  9. Reversed austenite in 0Cr13Ni4Mo martensitic stainless steels

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Song, Y.Y., E-mail: songyuanyuan@imr.ac.cn [Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenyang 110016 (China); Li, X.Y.; Rong, L.J.; Li, Y.Y. [Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenyang 110016 (China); Nagai, T. [National Institute for Materials Science, Sengen 1-2-1, Tsukuba 305-0047 (Japan)

    2014-01-15

    The austenite reversion process and the distribution of carbon and other alloying elements during tempering in 0Cr13Ni4Mo martensitic stainless steel have been investigated by in-situ high temperature X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The microstructure of the reversed austenite was characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results revealed that the amount of the reversed austenite formed at high temperature increased with the holding time. Direct experimental evidence supported carbon partitioning to carbides and Ni to the reversed austenite. The reversed austenite almost always nucleated in contact with lath boundary M{sub 23}C{sub 6} carbides during tempering and the diffusion of Ni promoted its growth. The Ni enrichment and the ultrafine size of the reversed austenite were considered to be the main factors that accounted for the stability of the reversed austenite. - Highlights: • The amount of the reversed austenite formed at high temperature increases with the holding time. • STEM results directly show that carbon is mainly partitioned into the carbides and Ni into the reversed austenite. • The Ni enrichment and the ultrafine size are the main factors leading to the stabilization of the reversed austenite.

  10. Hierarchical core-shell NiCo2O4@NiMoO4 nanowires grown on carbon cloth as integrated electrode for high-performance supercapacitors

    Science.gov (United States)

    Huang, Liang; Zhang, Wei; Xiang, Jinwei; Xu, Henghui; Li, Guolong; Huang, Yunhui

    2016-08-01

    Hierarchical core-shell NiCo2O4@NiMoO4 nanowires were grown on carbon cloth (CC@NiCo2O4@NiMoO4) by a two-step hydrothermal route to fabricate a flexible binder-free electrode. The prepared CC@NiCo2O4@NiMoO4 integrated electrode was directly used as an electrode for faradaic supercapacitor. It shows a high areal capacitance of 2.917 F cm-2 at 2 mA cm-2 and excellent cycling stability with 90.6% retention over 2000 cycles at a high current density of 20 mA cm-2. The superior specific capacitance, rate and cycling performance can be ascribed to the fast transferring path for electrons and ions, synergic effect and the stability of the hierarchical core-shell structure.

  11. X-ray determination of static displacements of atoms in alloyed Ni3Al

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Morinaga, M.; Sone, K.; Kamimura, T.; Ohtaka, K.; Yukawa, N.

    1988-01-01

    Single crystals of Ni 3 (Al, M) were grown by the Bridgman method, where M is Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Nb, Mo and Ta. The composition was controlled to be about Ni 75 Al 20 M 5 so that the alloying element, M, substitutes mainly for Al. With these crystals conventional X-ray structural analysis was performed. The measured static displacements of atoms from the average lattice points depended largely on the alloying elements and varied in the range 0.00-0.13 A for Ni atoms and 0.09-0.18 A for Al atoms. It was found that these atomic displacements correlated well with the atomic radius of the alloying element, M. For example, when the atomic radius of M is larger than that of Al, the static displacements are large for the atoms in the Al sublattice but small for the atoms in the Ni sublattice. By contrast, when the atomic radius of M is smaller than that of Al, the displacements are more enhanced in the Ni sublattice than in the Al sublattice. Thus, there is an interesting correlation between the atomic displacements in both the Al and Ni sublattices in the presence of alloying elements. This seems to be one of the characteristics of alloyed compounds with several sublattices. (orig.)

  12. Shape memory and pseudoelastic properties of Fe-Mn-Si and Ti-Ni based alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Guenin, G.

    1997-01-01

    The aim of this presentation is to analyse and discuss some recent advances in shape memory and pseudoelastic properties of different alloys. Experimental work in connection with theoretical ones will be reviewed. The first part is devoted to the microstructural origin of shape memory properties of Fe-Mn-Si based alloys (γ-ε transformation); the second part is a synthetic analysis of the effects of thermomechanical treatments on shape memory and pseudoelastic effects in Ti-Ni alloys, with some focus on the behaviour of the R phase introduced. (orig.)

  13. Searching for Next Single-Phase High-Entropy Alloy Compositions

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    David E. Alman

    2013-10-01

    Full Text Available There has been considerable technological interest in high-entropy alloys (HEAs since the initial publications on the topic appeared in 2004. However, only several of the alloys investigated are truly single-phase solid solution compositions. These include the FCC alloys CoCrFeNi and CoCrFeMnNi based on 3d transition metals elements and BCC alloys NbMoTaW, NbMoTaVW, and HfNbTaTiZr based on refractory metals. The search for new single-phase HEAs compositions has been hindered by a lack of an effective scientific strategy for alloy design. This report shows that the chemical interactions and atomic diffusivities predicted from ab initio molecular dynamics simulations which are closely related to primary crystallization during solidification can be used to assist in identifying single phase high-entropy solid solution compositions. Further, combining these simulations with phase diagram calculations via the CALPHAD method and inspection of existing phase diagrams is an effective strategy to accelerate the discovery of new single-phase HEAs. This methodology was used to predict new single-phase HEA compositions. These are FCC alloys comprised of CoFeMnNi, CuNiPdPt and CuNiPdPtRh, and HCP alloys of CoOsReRu.

  14. Effect of alloying elements on the stability of Ni2M in Alloy690 based upon thermodynamic calculation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Horiuchi, Toshiaki; Kuwano, Kazuhiro; Satoh, Naohiro

    2012-01-01

    Some researchers recently point out that Ni based alloys used in nuclear power plants have the ordering tendency, which is a potential to decrease mechanical properties within the expected lifetime of the plants. In the present study, authors evaluated the effect of 8 alloying elements on the ordering tendency in Alloy690 based upon thermodynamic calculation by Thermo-Calc. It is clarified that the additive amount of Fe, Cr, Ti and Si, particularly Fe and Cr, was influential for the stability of Ni 2 M, while that of Mn, Cu, B and C had almost no effect for that. Authors therefore designed the Ni 2 M stabilized alloy by no addition of Fe in Alloy690. Ni 2 M is estimated to be stable even at 773 K in the Ni 2 M stabilized alloy. The influence by long range ordering or precipitating of Ni 2 M in Alloy690 for mechanical properties or SCC susceptibility is expected to be clarified by the sample obtained in the present study. (author)

  15. Constituent phase diagrams of the Al-Cu-Fe-Mg-Ni-Si system and their application to the analysis of aluminium piston alloys

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Belov, N.A. [Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys, Leninsky prosp. 4, Moscow 119049 (Russian Federation); Eskin, D.G. [Netherlands Institute for Metals Research, Rotterdamseweg 137, 2628AL Delft (Netherlands)]. E-mail: deskin@nimr.nl; Avxentieva, N.N. [Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys, Leninsky prosp. 4, Moscow 119049 (Russian Federation)

    2005-10-15

    The evaluation of phase equilibria in quinary systems that constitute the commercially important Al-Cu-Fe-Mg-Ni-Si alloying system is performed in the compositional range of casting alloys by means of metallography, electron probe microanalysis, X-ray diffractometry, differential scanning calorimetry, and by the analysis of phase equilibria in the constituent systems of lesser dimensionality. Suggested phase equilibria are illustrated by bi-, mono- and invariant solidification reactions, polythermal diagrams of solidification, distributions of phase fields in the solid state, and isothermal and polythermal sections. Phase composition of as-cast alloys is analyzed in terms of non-equilibrium solidification. It is shown that the increase in copper concentration in piston Al-Si alloys results in the decrease in the equilibrium solidus from 540 to 505 deg C. Under non-equilibrium solidification conditions, piston alloys finish solidification at {approx}505 deg C. Iron is bound in the quaternary Al{sub 8}FeMg{sub 3}Si{sub 6} phase in low-iron alloys and in the ternary Al{sub 9}FeNi and Al{sub 5}FeSi phases in high-iron alloys.

  16. CO methanation over supported bimetallic Ni-Fe catalysts: From computational studies towards catalyst optimization

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kustov, Arkadii; Frey, Anne Mette; Larsen, Kasper Emil

    2007-01-01

    with compositions 25Fe75Ni and 50Fe50Ni showed significantly better activity and in some cases also a higher selectivity to methane compared with the traditional monometallic Ni and Fe catalysts. A catalyst with composition 25Fe75Ni was found to be the most active in CO hydrogenation for the MgAl2O4 support at low...... metal loadings. At high metal concentrations, the maximum for the methanation activity was found for catalysts with composition 50Ni50Fe both on the MgAl2O4 and Al2O3 supports. This difference can be attributed to a higher reducibility of the constituting metals with increasing metal concentration......DFT calculations combined with a computational screening method have previously shown that bimetallic Ni-Fe alloys should be more active than the traditional Ni-based catalyst for CO methanation. That was confirmed experimentally for a number of bimetallic Ni-Fe catalysts supported on MgAl2O4. Here...

  17. Some aspects of thermally induced martensite in Fe-30% Ni-5% Cu alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Guener, M.; Gueler, E.; Yasar, E.; Aktas, H.

    2007-01-01

    Kinetical, morphological, crystallographical and several thermal properties of thermally induced martensite in the austenite phase of Fe-30% Ni-5% Cu alloy were investigated. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques were used during study. Kinetics of the transformation was found to be as athermal type. SEM and TEM observations revealed α' (BCC) martensite formation in the austenite phase of alloy by thermal effect. These thermally induced α' martensites exhibited a thin plate-like morphology with twinnings

  18. Development of Ultra-high Purity (UHP) Fe-Based Alloys with High Creep and Oxidation Resistance for A-USC Technology

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hamdani, Fethi; Das, Nishith K.; Shoji, Tetsuo

    2018-06-01

    The design of ultra-high purity (UHP) Fe-based model alloys for advanced ultra-supercritical (A-USC) technology is attempted in this work. Creep testing has been performed in air at 700 °C and a stress level of 150 MPa. Analysis of the fracture surface and cross section of the crept specimen was performed. To evaluate the oxidation resistance in A-USC conditions, oxidation testing was performed in supercritical water (SCW) at 700 °C and 25 MPa. Weight gain (WG) measurements and meticulous characterization of the oxide scale were carried out. Based on thermodynamics and density functional theory calculations, some reactive elements in the Fe-Cr-Ni system were designated to promote precipitation strengthening and to improve the hydrogen-accelerated oxidation resistance. The addition of a 2 wt pct Mo into Fe-22Cr-22Ni-0.6Nb wt pct-based matrix did not significantly improve the creep resistance. The addition of 0.26 wt pct Zr coupled with cold working was effective for improving creep properties. The Mo-modified model alloy showed almost the same WG value as SUS310, while the Zr-modified alloy showed a higher WG value. Meanwhile, a Cr-enriched continuous oxide layer was formed at the oxidation front of the Zr-modified alloy and SUS310S after exposure to SCW conditions.

  19. Development of Ultra-high Purity (UHP) Fe-Based Alloys with High Creep and Oxidation Resistance for A-USC Technology

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hamdani, Fethi; Das, Nishith K.; Shoji, Tetsuo

    2018-03-01

    The design of ultra-high purity (UHP) Fe-based model alloys for advanced ultra-supercritical (A-USC) technology is attempted in this work. Creep testing has been performed in air at 700 °C and a stress level of 150 MPa. Analysis of the fracture surface and cross section of the crept specimen was performed. To evaluate the oxidation resistance in A-USC conditions, oxidation testing was performed in supercritical water (SCW) at 700 °C and 25 MPa. Weight gain (WG) measurements and meticulous characterization of the oxide scale were carried out. Based on thermodynamics and density functional theory calculations, some reactive elements in the Fe-Cr-Ni system were designated to promote precipitation strengthening and to improve the hydrogen-accelerated oxidation resistance. The addition of a 2 wt pct Mo into Fe-22Cr-22Ni-0.6Nb wt pct-based matrix did not significantly improve the creep resistance. The addition of 0.26 wt pct Zr coupled with cold working was effective for improving creep properties. The Mo-modified model alloy showed almost the same WG value as SUS310, while the Zr-modified alloy showed a higher WG value. Meanwhile, a Cr-enriched continuous oxide layer was formed at the oxidation front of the Zr-modified alloy and SUS310S after exposure to SCW conditions.

  20. Enhancement of plasticity of Fe-based bulk metallic glass by Ni substitution for Fe

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Guo, S.F. [State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan (China); State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083 (China); Li, N.; Zhang, C. [State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan (China); Liu, L., E-mail: sfguo2005@163.co [State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan (China)

    2010-08-15

    Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) (Fe{sub 1-x}Ni{sub x}){sub 71}Mo{sub 5}P{sub 12}C{sub 10}B{sub 2} (x = 0, 0.1 and 0.2) with a diameter of 3 mm were synthesized by copper mold casting. The effect of Ni substitution for Fe on the structure, thermal and mechanical properties has been studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and compressive testing. It was found that the substitution of Ni for Fe enhances the glass forming ability, and improves the plasticity of Fe{sub 71}Mo{sub 5}P{sub 12}C{sub 10}B{sub 2} BMG as indicated by the increase in the plastic strain from 3.1% (x = 0) to 5.2% (x = 0.2). The improvement of the plasticity is discussed in term of the reduction of glass transition temperature and the supercooled liquid region due to the substitution of Ni for Fe.

  1. Influence of cold-working and subsequent heat-treatment on young's modulus and strength of Co-Ni-Cr-Mo alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Otomo, Takuma; Matsumoto, Hiroaki; Chiba, Akihiko; Nomura, Naoyuki

    2009-01-01

    Changes in Young's modulus of the Co-31 mass%Ni-19 mass%Cr-10 mass%Mo alloy (Co-Ni based alloy) with cold-swaging, combined with heat-treatment at temperatures from 673 to 1323 K, was investigated to enhance the Young's modulus of Co-Ni based alloy. After cold-swaging, the Co-Ni based alloy, forming fiber deformation texture, shows the Young's modulus of 220 GPa. Furthermore, after ageing the cold-swaged alloy at temperature from 673 to 1323 K, the Young's modulus increased to 230 GPa, accompanied by a decrease in the internal fiction and an increase in the tensile strength. This suggests that the increment in Young's modulus is caused by a moving of the vacancies to the dislocation cores and a continuous locking of the dislocations along their entire length with solute atoms (trough model). By annealing at 1323 K after cold swaging, Young's modulus slightly increased to 236 GPa. On the other hand, the tensile strength decreases to almost the same value as that before cold swaging due to recrystallization. These results suggest that the Young's modulus and the strength in the present alloy are simultaneously enhanced by the continuous dislocation locking during aging as well as the formation of fiber deformation texture. (author)

  2. Comparison of the two relaxation peaks in the Ti50Ni48Fe2 alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fan Genlian; Zhou Yumei; Otsuka, Kazuhiro; Ren Xiaobing; Suzuki, Tetsuro; Yin Fuxing

    2009-01-01

    The internal friction (tan δ) and storage modulus of Ti 50 Ni 48 Fe 2 alloy were studied by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). On cooling, a broad relaxation peak with tan δ value as high as 0.2 was detected in R-phase. On heating, another relaxation peak with tan δ value of 0.06 was found in B19' martensite. Both relaxation peaks disappeared when the alloy was dehydrogenated in a dynamic vacuum furnace. Thus, the origin of both relaxation peaks was attributed to the interaction between twin boundaries and hydrogen atoms, as recently proved in Ti-Ni-Cu alloy. The direct comparison of these two relaxation peaks in the same sample indicates that the height of relaxation peaks increases with the decreasing of twinning shear.

  3. Magnetic and calorimetric investigations of ferromagnetic shape memory alloy Ni54Fe19Ga27

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sharma, V K; Chattopadhyay, M K; Kumar, Ravi; Ganguli, Tapas; Kaul, Rakesh; Majumdar, S; Roy, S B

    2007-01-01

    We report results of magnetization and differential scanning calorimetry measurements in the ferromagnetic shape memory alloy Ni 54 Fe 19 Ga 27 . This alloy undergoes an austenite-martensite phase transition in its ferromagnetic state. The nature of the ferromagnetic state, both in the austenite and the martensite phase, is studied in detail. The ferromagnetic state in the martensite phase is found to have higher anisotropy energy as compared with the austenite phase. The estimated anisotropy constant is comparable to that of a well-studied ferromagnetic shape memory alloy system NiMnGa. Further, the present study highlights various interesting features accompanying the martensitic transition (MT). These features suggest the possibility of either a premartensitic transition and/or an inter-MT in this system

  4. Role of alloying elements and carbides in the chlorine-induced corrosion of steels and alloys

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hans Jürgen Grabke

    2004-03-01

    Full Text Available The high temperature corrosion of steels and Ni-base alloys in oxidizing and chloridizing environments is of practical interest in relation to problems in waste incineration plants and power plants using Cl containing fuels. The behaviour of the most important alloying elements Fe, Cr, Ni, Mo, Mn, Si, Al upon corrosion in an oxidizing and chloridizing atmosphere was elucidated: the reactions and kinetics can be largely understood on the base of thermodynamic data, i.e. free energy of chloride formation, vapor pressure of the chlorides and oxygen pressure pO2 needed for the conversion chlorides -> oxides. The mechanism is described by 'active oxidation', comprising inward penetration of chlorine into the scale, formation of chlorides at the oxide/metal interface, evaporation of the chlorides and conversion of the evaporating chlorides into oxides, which occurs in more or less distance from the surface (depending on pO2. This process leads to loose, fragile, multilayered oxides which are unprotective (therefore: active oxidation. Fe and Cr are rapidly transferred into such scale, Ni and Mo are relatively resistant. In many cases, the grain boundaries of the materials are strongly attacked, this is due to a susceptibility of chromium carbides to chloridation. In contrast the carbides Mo2C, TiC and NbC are less attacked than the matrix. Alloys on the basis Fe-Cr-Si proved to be rather resistant, and the alloying elements Ni and Mo clearly retard the attack in an oxidizing and chloridizing environment.

  5. Magnetic properties of metals and alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lyuborskij, F.E.; Livingston, D.D.; Chin, Zh.I.

    1987-01-01

    The nature of magnetic properties of materials and their dependence on the composition and the material structure are described. Properties and application of such materials as the alloys of the Fe-Ni-Co, Fe-Cr-Co, Co-rare earth, Fe-Si, Ni-Se system are considered. Application outlook for amorphous alloys of the (Fe, Ni, Co) 80 (metalloid) 20 type is shown. Methods for magnetic property measurement are pointed out

  6. The effect of applied stress on the shape memory behavior of TiNi-based alloys with different consequences of martensitic transformations

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Meisner, L.L.; Sivokha, V.P.

    2004-01-01

    The development of plastic deformation and shape memory behavior of the Ti 49.5 Ni 50.5 , Ti 50 Ni 34 Pt 16 , Ti 50 Ni 39,25 Cu 10 Fe 0,75 alloys are studied. The alloys differ by consequences of martensitic transformations (MT). It is found that the behavior of both accumulated and returned strain components exhibit some features in the alloys under consideration. The strain-temperature diagrams of the Ti 49.5 Ni 50.5 alloy with the B2↔B19' MT are of the one-step form. There are three stages on the strain-stress curves of this alloy depending on value of the applied mechanical torque. The regularity of plastic behavior of the Ti 50 Ni 34 Pt 16 alloy with the B2↔B19 transformation is similar to that of the Ti 49.5 Ni 50.5 alloy. The strain-stress diagram has three stages. However, there is a significant difference in the shape memory behavior of this alloy. The shape-memory behavior of the Ti 50 Ni 39,25 Cu 10 Fe 0,75 alloy corresponds to the two-stage nature of its B2↔B19↔B19' MT. The deformation mechanisms for these stages have their features in contrast to those of the foregoing alloys. The strain and temperature parameters of the shape memory effect and plastic behavior of the TiNi-based alloys are also examined

  7. The effect of silicon content on high temperature oxidation of 80Ni-20Cr alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Takei, Atsushi; Nii, Kazuyoshi

    1981-01-01

    The effect of Si content on the oxidation behavior of 80Ni-20Cr alloys has been studied in the cyclic oxidation in an air stream at 1373K. The addition of 1% and 5%Si to the alloy lowered the mass gain in oxidation, whereas the amount of spalling of oxide scale was increased with the addition of Si. The structure of oxide layers observed by microphotography, X-ray diffraction and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) were different with the Si content of alloys. The oxide layer of the alloy with 1%Si consists of multi-layers, that is Ni oxide, Cr 2 O 3 and SiO 2 as the external oxide layer. The oxide layer remaining on the alloy with 5%Si, however, was made of a single oxide layer of Cr 2 O 3 containing small amounts of Si and Ni. In spite of the fact that the amount of Si in this alloy is larger than that of the alloy with 1%Si, the SiO 2 oxide layer was not observed at the oxide-alloy interface. It was found by EPMA that the concentration of Si in the oxidized 5%Si alloy substrate was increased in the vicinity of the surface, although Si in the 1%Si alloy was depleted. From the above results the internal oxidation of Si is assumed in the near-surface region of the 5%Si alloy. The internal oxidation of the 5%Si alloy was confirmed by an increase in hardness in the near-surface region. The difference in oxidation behavior between the 1%Si and 5%Si alloys can be understood under the assumption that the oxide layer formed of the 5%Si alloy contained much larger amounts of Ni and Si than that on the 1%Si alloy, and that this oxide layer tends to crack more easily, thus being less protective for the penetration of oxygen. (author)

  8. Ab initio and Atomic kinetic Monte Carlo modelling of segregation in concentrated FeCrNi alloys

    Science.gov (United States)

    Piochaud, J. B.; Becquart, C. S.; Domain, C.

    2014-06-01

    Internal structure of pressurised water reactors are made of austenitic materials. Under irradiation, the microstructure of these concentrated alloys evolves and solute segregation on grain boundaries or irradiation defects such as dislocation loops are observed to take place. In order to model and predict the microstructure evolution, a multiscale modelling approach needs to be developed, which starts at the atomic scale. Atomic Kinetic Monte Carlo (AKMC) modelling is the method we chose to provide an insight on defect mediated diffusion under irradiation. In that approach, we model the concentrated commercial steel as a FeCrNi alloy (γ-Fe70Cr20Ni10). As no reliable empirical potential exists at the moment to reproduce faithfully the phase diagram and the interactions of the elements and point defects, we have adjusted a pair interaction model on large amount of DFT calculations. The point defect properties in the Fe70Cr20Ni10, and more precisely, how their formation energy depends on the local environment will be presented and some AKMC results on thermal non equilibrium segregation and radiation induce segregation will be presented. The effect of Si on the segregation will also be discussed.

  9. Coercivity and nanostructure of melt-spun Ti-Fe-Co-B-based alloys

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    W. Y. Zhang

    2016-05-01

    Full Text Available Nanocrystalline Ti-Fe-Co-B-based alloys, prepared by melt spinning and subsequent annealing, have been characterized structurally and magnetically. X-ray diffraction and thermomagnetic measurements show that the ribbons consist of tetragonal Ti3(Fe,Co5B2, FeCo-rich bcc, and NiAl-rich L21 phases; Ti3(Fe,Co5B2, is a new substitutional alloy series whose end members Ti3Co5B2 and Ti3Fe5B2 have never been investigated magnetically and may not even exist, respectively. Two compositions are considered, namely Ti11+xFe37.5-0.5xCo37.5−0.5xB14 (x = 0, 4 and alnico-like Ti11Fe26Co26Ni10Al11Cu2B14, the latter also containing an L21-type alloy. The volume fraction of the Ti3(Fe,Co5B2 phase increases with x, which leads to a coercivity increase from 221 Oe for x = 0 to 452 Oe for x = 4. Since the grains are nearly equiaxed, there is little or no shape anisotropy, and the coercivity is largely due to the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of the tetragonal Ti3(Fe,Co5B2 phase. The alloy containing Ni, Al, and Cu exhibits a magnetization of 10.6 kG and a remanence ratio of 0.59. Our results indicate that magnetocrystalline anisotropy can be introduced in alnico-like magnets, adding to shape anisotropy that may be induced by field annealing.

  10. Negative and positive magnetocaloric effect in Ni-Fe-Mn-Ga alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Duan Jingfang; Huang Peng; Zhang Hu; Long Yi; Wu Guangheng; Rongchang Ye; Chang Yongqin; Farong Wan

    2007-01-01

    The phase transition process and magnetic entropy change ΔS of Ni 54.5 FeMn 20 Ga 24.5 alloy were studied. Substitution of Fe for Ni increases the Curie temperature and decreases the temperature of martensitic phase transition. The transition from ferromagnetic martensitic to ferrormagnetic austenitic state leads to an abrupt increase of magnetization below 0.5T and an abrupt decrease of magnetization above 0.5T. The sign of ΔS changes from positive to negative with increasing the applied field from 0.5 to 2T. The maximal value of the positive magnetic entropy change ΔS is about 3.1J/kgK for the applied field from 0 to 0.5T. The increase of applied field from 1.5T results in a negative ΔS. The peak of negative ΔS is -2.1J/kgK for a field change of 2T

  11. Microstructure and tensile properties of neutron-irradiated (FE061Ni039)3V ordered alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Braski, D.N.

    1982-01-01

    Small tensile specimens of the (Fe 0 61 Ni 0 39 ) 3 V long-range-ordered alloy were irradiated in the ORR to 4 dpa at 523, 623, and 823 K and subsequently tested at the same respective temperatueres. The alloy remained ordered after irradiation at all three temperatures. Irradiation at 523 and 623 K increased the yield strength of the material by producing Frank loops in the microstructure and reduced the total elongation. The low strain hardening observed was attributed to planar slip and the absence of cross slip. Irradiation at 823 K embrittled the alloy. Premature failure was apparently initiated by helium bubbles on sigma phase boundaries which grew rapidly during the test to form microcracks. Fracture occurred after a microcrack propagated across grain boundaries that were weakened by helium and possible sulfur. New LRO alloys without sigma phase should perform better under neutron irradiation

  12. Microstructural evolution of direct chill cast Al-15.5Si-4Cu-1Mg-1Ni-0.5Cr alloy during solution treatment

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    He Kezhun

    2011-08-01

    Full Text Available Heat treatment has important influence on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Si alloys. The most common used heat treatment method for these alloys is solution treatment followed by age-hardening. This paper investigates the microstructural evolution of a direct chill (DC cast Al-15.5Si-4Cu-1Mg-1Ni-0.5Cr alloy after solution treated at 500, 510, 520 and 530℃, respectively for different times. The major phases observed in the as-cast alloy are α-aluminum dendrite, primary Si particle, eutectic Si, Al7Cu4Ni, Al5Cu2Mg8Si6, Al15(Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu4Si2 and Al2Cu. The Al2Cu phase dissolves completely after being solution treated for 2 h at 500℃, while the eutectic Si, Al5Cu2Mg8Si6 and Al15(Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu4Si2 phases are insoluble. In addition, the Al7Cu4Ni phase is substituted by the Al3CuNi phase. The α-aluminum dendrite network disappears when the solution temperature is increased to 530℃. Incipient melting of the Al2Cu-rich eutectic mixture occurrs at 520℃, and melting of the Al5Cu2Mg8Si6 and Al3CuNi phases is observed at a solution temperature of 530℃. The void formation of the structure and deterioration of the mechanical properties are found in samples solution treated at 530℃.

  13. Dynamic Shear Deformation and Failure of Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe Alloys.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ran, Chun; Chen, Pengwan

    2018-01-05

    To study the dynamic shear deformation and failure properties of Ti-6Al-4V (Ti-64) alloy and Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe (Ti-55511) alloy, a series of forced shear tests on flat hat shaped (FHS) specimens for the two investigated materials was performed using a split Hopkinson pressure bar setup. The evolution of shear deformation was monitored by an ultra-high-speed camera (Kirana-05M). Localized shear band is induced in the two investigated materials under forced shear tests. Our results indicate that severe strain localization (adiabatic shear) is accompanied by a loss in the load carrying capacity, i.e., by a sudden drop in loading. Three distinct stages can be identified using a digital image correlation technique for accurate shear strain measurement. The microstructural analysis reveals that the dynamic failure mechanisms for Ti-64 and Ti-55511 alloys within the shear band are of a cohesive and adhesive nature, respectively.

  14. Pressure-assisted reaction bonding between W and Si80Ge20 alloy with Ni as the interlayer

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Xu, Y.; Laabs, F.C.; Beaudry, B.J.; Gschneidner, K.A. Jr.

    1991-01-01

    The conditions and reaction mechanism of W/Ni/Si 80 Ge 20 hot-press bonding have been studied. It was found that a Ni/Si 80 Ge 20 bond can be formed using low pressure, 19.6 MPa, in the temperature range between 780 and 900 degree C in a short time. The kinetics follows a parabolic pattern, suggesting it is a diffusion-controlled process. The activation energy is 2.7 eV and the parabolic rate constant is given by K P = 4.0 x 10 14 exp(-3.2x10 4 /T) (μm 2 /min). The bonding interface has a multilayered structure. A phenomenological mechanism of the bonding formation has been proposed based on scanning electron microscopy observations and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The cracking problem due to thermal stress is discussed based on Oxx's equation. It was found that bonds free from cracks in the Si 80 Ge 20 alloy are formed when the Ni consumption (as measured by the thickness of the nickel layer) is sufficiently small ( 4 . As an interlayer, nickel can join the tungsten sheet and the Si 80 Ge 20 together. It has been also demonstrated that a thin nickel layer formed by vapor deposition on a tungsten sheet may be used as the interlayer in place of nickel sheet

  15. Non-enzymatic hydrogen peroxide biosensor based on rose-shaped FeMoO4 nanostructures produced by convenient microwave-hydrothermal method

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liu, Hongying; Gu, Chunchuan; Li, Dujuan; Zhang, Mingzhen

    2015-01-01

    Graphical abstract: A non-enzymatic H 2 O 2 sensor with high selectivity and sensitivity based on rose-shaped FeMoO 4 synthesized by the convenient microwave-assisted hydrothermal method, was fabricated. - Highlights: • Rose-shaped FeMoO 4 is synthesized within 10 min via microwave-assisted hydrothermal approach. • Non-enzymatic hydrogen peroxide biosensor based on FeMoO 4 nanomaterials is fabricated. • The biosensor exhibits good performance. - Abstract: In this work, we demonstrated a simple, rapid and reliable microwave-assisted hydrothermal approach to synthesize the uniform rose-shaped FeMoO 4 within 10 min. The morphologies of the synthesized materials were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, a non-enzymatic amperometric sensor for the detection of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) was fabricated on the basis of the FeMoO 4 as electrocatalysis. The resulting FeMoO 4 exhibited high sensitivity and good stability for the detection of H 2 O 2 , which may be attributed to the rose-shaped structure of the material and the catalytic property of FeMoO 4 . Amperometric response showed that the modified electrode had a good response for H 2 O 2 with a linear range from 1 μM to 1.6 mM, a detection limit of 0.5 μM (S/N = 3), high selectivity and short response time. Additionally, good recoveries of analytes in real milk samples confirm the reliability of the prepared sensor in practical applications

  16. Shock Compression and Melting of an Fe-Ni-Si Alloy: Implications for the Temperature Profile of the Earth's Core and the Heat Flux Across the Core-Mantle Boundary

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Youjun; Sekine, Toshimori; Lin, Jung-Fu; He, Hongliang; Liu, Fusheng; Zhang, Mingjian; Sato, Tomoko; Zhu, Wenjun; Yu, Yin

    2018-02-01

    Understanding the melting behavior and the thermal equation of state of Fe-Ni alloyed with candidate light elements at conditions of the Earth's core is critical for our knowledge of the region's thermal structure and chemical composition and the heat flow across the liquid outer core into the lowermost mantle. Here we studied the shock equation of state and melting curve of an Fe-8 wt% Ni-10 wt% Si alloy up to 250 GPa by hypervelocity impacts with direct velocity and reliable temperature measurements. Our results show that the addition of 10 wt% Si to Fe-8 wt% Ni alloy slightly depresses the melting temperature of iron by 200-300 (±200) K at the core-mantle boundary ( 136 GPa) and by 600-800 (±500) K at the inner core-outer core boundary ( 330 GPa), respectively. Our results indicate that Si has a relatively mild effect on the melting temperature of iron compared with S and O. Our thermodynamic modeling shows that Fe-5 wt% Ni alloyed with 6 wt% Si and 2 wt% S (which has a density-velocity profile that matches the outer core's seismic profile well) exhibits an adiabatic profile with temperatures of 3900 K and 5300 K at the top and bottom of the outer core, respectively. If Si is a major light element in the core, a geotherm modeled for the outer core indicates a thermal gradient of 5.8-6.8 (±1.6) K/km in the D″ region and a high heat flow of 13-19 TW across the core-mantle boundary.

  17. Effect of iron content on the structure and mechanical properties of Al{sub 25}Ti{sub 25}Ni{sub 25}Cu{sub 25} and (AlTi){sub 60-x}Ni{sub 20}Cu{sub 20}Fe{sub x} (x=15, 20) high-entropy alloys

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Fazakas, É., E-mail: eva.fazakas@bayzoltan.hu [WPI-Advaced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8577 (Japan); Wigner Research Center for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1525, P.O.B. 49 (Hungary); Bay Zoltán Nonprofit Ltd., For Applied Research H-1116 Budapest, Fehérvári út 130 (Hungary); Zadorozhnyy, V. [National University of Science and Technology «MISIS», Leninsky prosp., 4, Moscow 119049 (Russian Federation); Louzguine-Luzgin, D.V. [WPI-Advaced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8577 (Japan)

    2015-12-15

    Highlights: • Three new refractory alloys namely: Al{sub 25}Ti{sub 25}Ni{sub 25}Cu{sub 25}, Al{sub 22.5}Ti{sub 22.5}Ni{sub 20}Cu{sub 20}Fe{sub 15} and Al{sub 20}Ti{sub 20}Ni{sub 20}Cu{sub 20}Fe{sub 20}, were produced by induction-melting and casting. • This kind of alloys exhibits high resistance to annealing softening. • Most the alloys in the annealed state possess even higher Vickers microhardness than the as-cast alloys. • The Al{sub 22.5}Ti{sub 22.5}Ni{sub 20}Cu{sub 20}Fe{sub 15} and Al{sub 20}Ti{sub 20}Ni{sub 20}Cu{sub 20}Fe{sub 20} alloys annealed at 973 K show the highest compressive stress and ductility values. - Abstract: In this work, we investigated the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al{sub 25}Ti{sub 25}Ni{sub 25}C{sub u25} Al{sub 22.5}Ti{sub 22.5}Ni{sub 20}Cu{sub 20}Fe{sub 15} and Al{sub 20}Ti{sub 20}Ni{sub 20}Cu{sub 20}Fe{sub 20} high entropy alloys, produced by arc melting and casting in an inert atmosphere. The structure of these alloys was studied by X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy. The as-cast alloys were heat treated at 773, 973 and 1173 K for 1800 s to investigate the effects of aging on the plasticity, hardness and elastic properties. Compared to the conventional high-entropy alloys the Al{sub 25}Ti{sub 25}Ni{sub 25}Cu{sub 25}, Al{sub 22.5}Ti{sub 22.5}Ni{sub 20}Cu{sub 20}Fe{sub 15} and Al{sub 20}Ti{sub 20}Ni{sub 20}Cu{sub 20}Fe{sub 20} alloys are relatively hard and ductile. Being heat treated at 973 K the Al{sub 22.5}Ti{sub 22.5}Ni{sub 20}Cu{sub 20}Fe{sub 15} alloy shows considerably high strength and relatively homogeneous deformation under compression. The plasticity, hardness and elastic properties of the studied alloys depend on the fraction and intrinsic properties of the constituent phases. Significant hardening effect by the annealing is found.

  18. Magnetic and electronic studies in the granular (Ni0.84Fe0.16)54(alumina)46 sputtered thin films

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Omari, N.; Lassri, H.; Fnidiki, A.; Abid, M.; Hlil, E.K.

    2012-01-01

    We have studied the magnetization in the granular (Ni 0.84 Fe 0.16 ) 54 (alumina) 46 alloy. The thermomagnetization curve is found to obey the Bloch law. Spin wave stiffness constant D and the exchange constant A were calculated from the experimental results. The magnetic experimental measurements have been interpreted in the framework of random magnetic anisotropy (RMA) model. The results have shown that it is possible to extend the application of RMA to the granular alloy. From an analysis of the approach to saturation magnetization some fundamental parameters have been extracted. In addition, self-consistent ab initio calculations, based on Korringa-Kohn-Rostocker (KKR), are performed to investigate magnetic and electronic properties of the granular alloy. Spin polarization within the framework of the coherent potential approximation (CPA) is considered.

  19. Effect of cathode vibration and heat treatment on electromagnetic properties of flake-shaped diatomite coated with Ni-Fe alloy by electroplating

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lan, Mingming; Li, Huiqin; Huang, Weihua; Xu, Guangyin; Li, Yan

    2015-03-01

    In this paper, flake-shaped diatomite particles were used as forming templates for the fabrication of the ferromagnetic functional fillers by way of electroplating Ni-Fe alloy method. The effects of cathode vibration frequency on the content of Ni-Fe alloy in the coating and the surface morphologies of the coatings were evaluated. The electromagnetic properties of the coated diatomite particles before and after heat treatment were also investigated in detail. The results show that the core-shell flake-shaped diatomite particles with high content of Ni-Fe alloy and good surface qualities of the coatings can be obtained by adjusting cathode vibration frequency. The coated diatomite particles with heat treatment filled paraffin wax composites exhibit a superior microwave absorbing and electromagnetic properties compared to the non-heat treated samples. Additionally, the peaks of reflection loss are found to be able to shift to lower frequency by the heat treatment process, which indicates the heat treatment can adjust microwave absorbing frequency band.

  20. Ordering of equiatomic Fe-Ni alloy under irradiation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Penisson, J.M.; Bourret, A.

    1975-01-01

    The interpretations of many kinetic studies on the ordering of alloys by heat treatments use models based on chemical kinetic equations or statistical models. In these models it is assumed that ordering takes place by a hole process. When ordering occurs under irradiation a strong supersaturation in interstitials and holes exists and the question is to know what defects take part in the ordering process. Thus in the order-disorder transformation in Fe-Ni demonstrated after neutron irradiation it is assumed that only the holes participate in the ordering. To check this hypothesis the above transformation was observed during electron irradiation in an electron microscope at 1MeV. Owing to the strong flux available the ordering takes place fairly quickly ( [fr

  1. Enhanced radiation tolerance of ultrafine grained Fe–Cr–Ni alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sun, C.; Yu, K.Y.; Lee, J.H.; Liu, Y.; Wang, H.; Shao, L.; Maloy, S.A.; Hartwig, K.T.; Zhang, X.

    2012-01-01

    Highlights: ► Ultrafine grained Fe-Cr-Ni alloy was processed by equal channel angular pressing technique. ► The overall Helium bubble density and dislocation loop density were reduced by grain refinement. ► The ultrafine grained microstructure alleviated radiation-induced hardening. - Abstract: The evolutions of microstructure and mechanical properties of Fe–14Cr–16Ni (wt.%) alloy subjected to Helium ion irradiations were investigated. Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) process was used to significantly reduce the average grain size from 700 μm to 400 nm. At a peak fluence level of 5.5 displacement per atom (dpa), helium bubbles, 0.5–2 nm in diameter, were observed in both coarse-grained (CG) and ultrafine grained (UFG) alloy. The density of He bubbles, dislocation loops, as well as radiation hardening were reduced in the UFG Fe–Cr–Ni alloy comparing to those in its CG counterpart. The results imply that radiation tolerance in bulk metals can be effectively enhanced by refinement of microstructures.

  2. Site occupancy of Fe in ternary Ni 75-x

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    The results of a detailed structural and magnetic study clearly indicate that regardless of the thermal history of the samples, Fe has a strong preference for the Ni sites in Ni-poor (non-stoichiometric) Ni75Al25 alloys. Fe substitution has a profound effect on the nature of magnetism in Ni75Al25.

  3. Fe-based composite materials with improved mechanical properties

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Werniewicz, Katarzyna [IFW Dresden, P.O. Box 270116, D-01171 Dresden (Germany); Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw (Poland); Kuehn, Uta; Mattern, Norbert; Eckert, Juergen; Schultz, Ludwig [IFW Dresden, P.O. Box 270116, D-01171 Dresden (Germany); Kulik, Tadeusz [Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw (Poland)

    2008-07-01

    Following a previous study by the authors two new compositions (Fe{sub 89.0}Cr{sub 5.5}Mo{sub 5.5}){sub 91}C{sub 9} and (Fe{sub 89.0}Cr{sub 5.5}Mo{sub 5.5}){sub 83}C{sub 17} have been developed with the aim of improving the ductility of Fe{sub 65.5}Cr{sub 4}Mo{sub 4}Ga{sub 4}P{sub 12}C{sub 5}B{sub 5.5} bulk metallic glass (BMG). In contrast to the alloys in that study, the recently prepared Fe-based materials are Ga-free. It was expected that the variations in the composition will lead to the changes in the phase formation and, hence, in the mechanical response of the investigated alloys. It was recognized that in-situ formed Fe-based composites show superior plasticity ({epsilon}{sub pl}{approx}37%) for the alloy with lower C content and ({epsilon}{sub pl}{approx}4%) for the alloy with higher C content compared to monolithic glass ({epsilon}{sub pl}{approx}0.2%). Furthermore, on the basis of present as well as previous investigations it has been shown that the Ga addition is beneficial for the plasticity of these Fe-based alloys. It was observed that the (Fe{sub 89.0}Cr{sub 5.5}Mo{sub 5.5}){sub 83}C{sub 17} alloy exhibits a significantly smaller fracture strain ({epsilon}{sub f}{approx}5%) compared to its Ga-containing counterpart ({epsilon}{sub f}{approx}16%). Therefore, it can be concluded that appropriate alloying additions are crucial in enhancing the mechanical properties of the complex Fe-based materials developed here.

  4. Brazing characteristics of a Zr-Ti-Cu-Fe eutectic alloy filler metal for Zircaloy-4

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lee, Jung G.; Lim, C. H.; Kim, K. H.; Park, S. S.; Lee, M. K.; Rhee, C. K.

    2013-10-01

    A Zr-Ti-Cu-Fe quaternary eutectic alloy was employed as a new Be-free brazing filler metal for Zircaloy-4 to supersede physically vapor-deposited Be coatings used conventionally with several disadvantages. The quaternary eutectic composition of Zr58Ti16Cu10Fe16 (at.%) showing a low melting temperature range from 832 °C to 853 °C was designed by a partial substitution of Zr with Ti based on a Zr-Cu-Fe ternary eutectic system. By applying an alloy ribbon with the determined composition, a highly reliable joint was obtained with a homogeneous formation of predominantly grown α-Zr phases owing to a complete isothermal solidification, exhibiting strength higher than that of Zircaloy-4. The homogenization of the joint was rate-controlled by the diffusion of the filler elements (Ti, Cu, and Fe) into the Zircaloy-4 base metal, and the detrimental segregation of the Zr2Fe phase in the central zone was completely eliminated by an isothermal holding at a brazing temperature of 920 °C for 10 min.

  5. Evolution of phase transformation and magnetic properties with Fe content in Ni55-x Fe x Mn20Ga25 Heusler alloys

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Yuanlei; Li, Zhe; He, Xijia; Huang, Yinsheng; Xu, Kun; Jing, Chao

    2018-02-01

    A series of Ni55-x Fe x Mn20Ga25 (0  ⩽  x  ⩽  5) Heusler alloys was prepared to investigate their phase transitions and magnetic properties. At room temperature, these alloys present various crystal structures, and the unit cell volume enlarges with increase of Fe content in both austenite and martensite. Multiple magneto-structural transformations were observed in the parent alloy (x  =  0). In the process of cooling, it undergoes martensitic transformation (MT) from L21-type paramagnetic austenite to L10-type ferromagnetic martensite, accompanying an intermartensitic transformation (IMT, 7M  →  L10). By establishing a detailed phase diagram, we found that both MT and IMT shift to lower temperature simultaneously, while the ferromagnetic (FM) transition of austenite moves to higher temperature as Fe increases. With the further increase of Fe content beyond a critical value, both the IMT and the FM transitions split off from MT, and the former follows with the transforming sequence of 7M  →  5M. Based on the experimental data, some key magnetic parameters have been obtained in this system. The calculated magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant ({{K}1} ) of martensite quickly increases as Fe increases, and then it almost reaches a saturated value (~5.5  ×  105 J m-3) for the alloys with x  >  3. However, the spontaneous magnetic moment ({μs} ) attains a peak value of about 4.2 μ B/f.u. in the alloy with x  =  4, which is not consistent with the linear increasing of effective magnetic moment ({μef f} ). Further magnetic measurements with hydrostatic pressure indicate that such a discrepancy could be ascribed to the competition between the magnetic exchange interaction and the volume change of unit cell governed by the dopant Fe content.

  6. Magnetic Fe2MO4 (M:Fe, Mn) activated carbons: Fabrication, characterization and heterogeneous Fenton oxidation of methyl orange

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nguyen, Thi Dung; Phan, Ngoc Hoa; Do, Manh Huy; Ngo, Kim Tham

    2011-01-01

    We present a simple and efficient method for the fabrication of magnetic Fe 2 MO 4 (M:Fe and Mn) activated carbons (Fe 2 MO 4 /AC-H, M:Fe and Mn) by impregnating the activated carbon with simultaneous magnetic precursor and carbon modifying agent followed by calcination. The obtained samples were characterized by nitrogen adsorption isotherms, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and the catalytic activity in heterogeneous Fenton oxidation of methyl orange (MO) was evaluated. The resulting Fe 2 MnO 4 /AC-H showed higher catalytic activity in the methyl orange oxidation than Fe 3 O 4 /AC-H. The effect of operational parameters (pH, catalyst loading H 2 O 2 dosage and initial MO concentration) on degradation performance of the oxidation process was investigated. Stability and reusability of selected catalyst were also tested.

  7. FeSiBAlNiMo High Entropy Alloy Prepared by Mechanical Alloying

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Bureš, R.; Hadraba, Hynek; Fáberová, M.; Kollár, P.; Füzer, J.; Roupcová, Pavla; Strečková, M.

    2017-01-01

    Roč. 131, č. 4 (2017), s. 771-773 ISSN 0587-4246 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA14-25246S Institutional support: RVO:68081723 Keywords : Entropy * Mechanical alloying * Nanocrystals * Sintering Subject RIV: JG - Metallurgy OBOR OECD: Materials engineering Impact factor: 0.469, year: 2016

  8. The investigation of Fe-Mn-based alloys with shape memory effect by small-angle scattering of polarized neutrons

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kopitsa, G.P.; Runov, V.V.; Grigoriev, S.V.; Bliznuk, V.V.; Gavriljuk, V.G.; Glavatska, N.I.

    2003-01-01

    The small-angle polarized neutron scattering (SAPNS) technique has been used to study a nuclear and magnetic homogeneity in the distribution of both substituent (Si, Cr, Ni) and interstitial (C, N) alloying elements on the mesoscopic range in Fe-Mn-based alloys with shape memory effect (SME). The four groups of alloys with various basic compositions: FeMn 18 (wt%), FeMn 20 Si 6 , FeMn 20 Cr 9 N 0.2 and FeMn 17 Cr 9 Ni 4 Si 6 were investigated. It was found that the small-angle scattering of neutrons and depolarization on these alloys are very small altogether. The scattering did not exceed 1.5% from the incident beam and depolarization ∼2% for all samples. It means that these alloys are well nuclear and magnetically homogeneous on the scale of 10-1000 A. However, the difference in the homogeneity depending on the compositions still takes place. Thus, the adding of Si in FeMn 18 and FeMn 20 Cr 9 N 0.2 alloys improves the homogeneity pronouncedly. At once, the effect of the doping by C or N atoms on the homogeneity in FeMn 20 Si 6 and FeMn 17 Cr 9 Ni 4 Si 6 alloys is multivalued and depend on the presence of substitutional atoms (Ni and Cr). The capability of SAPNS as a method for the study of mesoscopic homogeneity in materials with SME and testing of the quality of their preparation is discussed

  9. Ferromagnetic bulk glassy alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Inoue, Akihisa; Makino, Akihiro; Mizushima, Takao

    2000-01-01

    This paper deals with the review on the formation, thermal stability and magnetic properties of the Fe-based bulk glassy alloys in as-cast bulk and melt-spun ribbon forms. A large supercooled liquid region over 50 K before crystallization was obtained in Fe-(Al, Ga)-(P, C, B, Si), Fe-(Cr, Mo, Nb)-(Al, Ga)-(P, C, B) and (Fe, Co, Ni)-Zr-M-B (M=Ti, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo and W) systems and bulk glassy alloys were produced in a thickness range below 2 mm for the Fe-(Al, Ga)-(P, C, B, Si) system and 6 mm for the Fe-Co-(Zr, Nb, Ta)-(Mo, W)-B system by copper-mold casting. The ring-shaped glassy Fe-(Al, Ga)-(P, C, B, Si) alloys exhibit much better soft magnetic properties as compared with the ring-shaped alloy made from the melt-spun ribbon because of the formation of the unique domain structure. The good combination of high glass-forming ability and good soft magnetic properties indicates the possibility of future development as a new bulk glassy magnetic material

  10. Fe-based bulk amorphous alloys with iron contents as high as 82 at%

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Li, Jin-Feng; Liu, Xue; Zhao, Shao-Fan; Ding, Hong-Yu [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China); Yao, Ke-Fu, E-mail: kfyao@tsinghua.edu.cn [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China)

    2015-07-15

    Fe-based bulk amorphous alloys (BAAs) with high Fe contents are advantageous due to their high saturation magnetization and low cost. However, preparing Fe-based BAAs with Fe contents higher than 80 at% is difficult due to their poor glass forming abilities (GFA). In this study, an Fe{sub 81}P{sub 8.5}C{sub 5.5}B{sub 2}Si{sub 3} BAA with a diameter of 1 mm and a saturation magnetization of 1.56 T was successfully prepared using the fluxing and copper mold casting methods. In addition, by introducing a small amount of elemental Mo to the alloy, an Fe{sub 82}Mo{sub 1}P{sub 6.5}C{sub 5.5}B{sub 2}Si{sub 3} BAA rod with a diameter of 1 mm, a high saturation magnetization of 1.59 T, a high yield stress of 3265 MPa, and a clear plasticity of 1.3% was prepared in the same way. The cost effectiveness and good magnetic properties of these newly-developed Fe-based BAAs with Fe contents as high as 82 at% would be advantageous and promising for industrial applications. - Highlights: • Novel Fe-based BAA with no other metallic element except 81 at% Fe was prepared. • Fe-based bulk amorphous alloy (BAA) with the highest Fe content (82%) was prepared. • Very high saturation magnetization of 1.59 T has been achieved. • A new thought for designing Fe-based BAA with high Fe content was provided.

  11. Three-Dimensional NiCo2O4@MnMoO4 Core-Shell Nanoarrays for High-Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yuan, Yuliang; Wang, Weicheng; Yang, Jie; Tang, Haichao; Ye, Zhizhen; Zeng, Yujia; Lu, Jianguo

    2017-10-10

    Design of new materials with sophisticated nanostructure has been proven to be an efficient strategy to improve their properties in many applications. Herein, we demonstrate the successful combination of high electron conductive materials of NiCo 2 O 4 with high capacitance materials of MnMoO 4 by forming a core-shell nanostructure. The NiCo 2 O 4 @MnMoO 4 core-shell nanoarrays (CSNAs) electrode possesses high capacitance of 1169 F g -1 (4.24 F cm -2 ) at a current density of 2.5 mA cm -2 , obviously larger than the pristine NiCo 2 O 4 electrode. The asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs), assembled with NiCo 2 O 4 @MnMoO 4 CSNAs as binder-free cathode and active carbon (AC) as anode, exhibit high energy density of 15 Wh kg -1 and high power density of 6734 W kg -1 . Cycle performance of NiCo 2 O 4 @MnMoO 4 CSNAs//AC ASCs, conducted at current density of 20 mA cm -2 , remain 96.45% of the initial capacitance after 10,000 cycles, demonstrating its excellent long-term cycle stability. Kinetically decoupled analysis reveals that the capacitive capacitance is dominant in the total capacitance of NiCo 2 O 4 @MnMoO 4 CSNAs electrode, which may be the reason for ultra long cycle stability of ASCs. Our assembled button ASC can easily light up a red LED for 30 min and a green LED for 10 min after being charged for 30 s. The remarkable electrochemical performance of NiCo 2 O 4 @MnMoO 4 CSNAs//AC ASCs is attributed to its enhanced surface area, abundant electroactive sites, facile electrolyte infiltration into the 3D NiCo 2 O 4 @MnMnO 4 nanoarrays and fast electron and ion transport path.

  12. Low temperature study of mechanically alloyed Fe{sub 67.5}Ni{sub 32.5} Invar sample

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Valenzuela, J.L. [Departamento de Física, Universidad del Valle, A. A. 25360, Cali (Colombia); Valderruten, J.F. [Departamento de Ingeniería, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Bucaramanga (Colombia); Pérez Alcázar, G.A., E-mail: gpgeperez@gmail.com [Departamento de Física, Universidad del Valle, A. A. 25360, Cali (Colombia); Colorado, H.D. [Departamento de Física, Universidad del Valle, A. A. 25360, Cali (Colombia); Romero, J.J. [Instituto de Microelectrónica de Madrid, CNM, CSIC, C/Isaac Newton 8, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid (Spain); González, J.M. [Unidad Asociada ICMM-IMA, Apdo. 155, Las Rozas, 28230 Madrid (Spain); Greneche, J.M. [LUNAM, Université du Maine, Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR CNRS 6283, 72085 Le Mans, Cedex 9 (France); Marco, J.F. [Instituto de Química-Física ' ' Rocasolano' ' , CSIC, C/Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid (Spain)

    2015-07-01

    The study at low temperatures of powder of the Invar alloy, Fe{sub 67.5}Ni{sub 32.5}, produced by mechanical alloying, shows that the sample presents two structural phases, the Fe–Ni BCC and the Fe–Ni FCC. The {sup 57}Fe Mössbauer spectra obtained in this sample at different temperatures were fitted considering two hyperfine magnetic field distributions. The first one having the larger mean field and only one peak (at ca. 35 T, varying with T), is associated with the BCC phase, and the second one, presenting several broad peaks (distributed between 10 and 35 T), is associated to the FCC phase. A singlet, which is associated to low spin Fe sites of the FCC phase, was also considered. The mean hyperfine magnetic field of the BCC phase increases monotonically as temperature decreases, while that of the FCC phase presents an anomaly near 75 K. The real part of the ac magnetic susceptibility temperature scans presents a peak whose position increases from 31 to 39 K, when the ac field frequency increases from 100 to 5000 Hz. These results permit to associate the detected anomaly to the occurrence of a reentrant spin glass transition. - Highlights: • XRD detect the BCC and FCC nanocrystalline phases in the Invar Fe{sub 67.5}Si{sub 32.5}. • Mössbauer spectra were fitted with two HMFDs and a singlet. • The MHMF and the isomer shift of the FCC structure present a kink near 61 K. • Magnetic susceptibility proved that this anomaly corresponds to a RSG- F transition. • The Invar composition of the MA Fe{sub 67.5}Si{sub 32.5} alloy presents the frustration phenomena.

  13. MmNi 3.55Co 0.75Mn 0.4Al 0.3B 0.3 hydrogen storage alloys for high-power nickel/metal hydride batteries

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ye, Hui; Huang, Yuexiang; Chen, Jianxia; Zhang, Hong

    Non-stoichiometric La-rich MmNi 3.55Co 0.75Mn 0.4Al 0.3B 0.3 hydrogen storage alloys using B-Ni or B-Fe alloy as additive and Ce-rich MmNi 3.55Co 0.75Mn 0.4Al 0.3B 0.3 one using pure B as additive have been prepared and their microstructure, thermodynamic, and electrochemical characteristics have been examined. It is found that all investigated alloys show good activation performance and high-rate dischargeability though there is a certain decrease in electrochemical capacities compared with the commercial MmNi 3.55Co 0.75Mn 0.4Al 0.3 alloy. MmNi 3.55Co 0.75Mn 0.4Al 0.3B 0.3 alloys using B-Ni alloy as additive or adopting Ce-rich mischmetal show excellent rate capability and can discharge capacity over 190 mAh/g even under 3000 mA/g current density, which display their promising use in the high-power type Ni/MH battery. The electrochemical performances of these MmNi 3.55Co 0.75Mn 0.4Al 0.3B 0.3 alloys are well correlated with their microstructure, thermodynamic, and kinetic characteristics.

  14. Processing and characterization of AlCoFeNiXTi{sub 0,5} (X = Mn, V) high entropy alloys; Processamento e caracterizacao de ligas de alta entropia AlCoFeNixTi{sub 0,5} (X = Mn, V)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Triveno Rios, C., E-mail: carlos.triveno@ufabc.edu.br [Universidade Federal do ABC (CECS/UFABC), Santo Andre, SP (Brazil). Engenharia de Materiais; Lopes, E.S.N.; Caram, R. [Universidade Estadual de Campinas (FEM/DEMA/UNICAMP), Campinas, SP (Brazil); Kiminami, C.S. [Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos (DEMa/UFSCar), Sao Carlos, SP (Brazil). Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais

    2014-07-01

    The microstructure of high entropy alloys consists of solid solution phases with FC and BCC simple structures, contrary to classical metallurgy where they form complex structures of intermetallic compounds. Because of this they have several attractive properties for engineering applications. In this work the AlCoFeNiMnTi{sub 0,5} and AlCoFeNiVTi{sub 0,5} alloys were processed by melting arc. Since the main objective was the microstructural and mechanical characterization of ingots as-cast. The alloys were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, microhardness and cold compression test. The results showed that the microstructure consists mainly of dendrites and interdendritic regions consisting of metastable crystalline phases. It was also observed that the AlCoFeNiVTi{sub 0,5} alloy showed better mechanical properties than the AlCoFeNiMnTi{sub 0,5} alloy. This may be associated with differences in the parameters of formation of simple solid solution phases between the two alloys. (author)

  15. The chemical composition and parameters of production processes influence on structure and properties of W-Ni-Fe alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Majewski, T.; Przetakiewicz, W.

    2000-01-01

    Tungsten heavy alloys, i.e. tungsten based metal-matrix composites are characterized by unique properties, because except their high hardness, strength and density, they also possess excellent ductility, impact strength, machinability and corrosion resistance. This combination of properties makes these alloys suitable for wide range of engineering applications, e.g. in the mechanical engineering, in the mining, sport and medicine and also in the armament and aviation. Production process of these materials consists of many phases and it is very difficult to accomplish, because properties of heavy alloys are extremely sensitive to processing history. In this article dependence of chemical composition of mixture of powders on structure and mechanical properties of W-Ni-Fe alloys was determined. It was found that increase of tungsten contents and Ni/Fe ratio causes reduction of ductility and increase of growth rate of tungsten particle. There is the maximum ultimate tensile strength of W-Ni-Fe alloys with content of tungsten 93%. The study also presents relationship between these properties and succeeding parameters of production process: composition of sintering atmosphere, time and temperature following heat treatment and plastic working. Using a wet hydrogen atmosphere (with high dew point) causes reduction of porosity and improvement of mechanical properties. With sintering temperature above 1500 o C these parameters decrease. If the sintering time is elongated above 1 h also density and mechanical properties of heavy alloys decrease. Tungsten heavy alloys are also used for production of kinetic energy penetrators and so properties for different range of strain rates were compared. It was found that yield and failure strengths increase with increasing strain rate, failure strain decreases with increasing strain rate. This information can help in optimization the production process of such composites. (author)

  16. Study of Fe-Ni-Si-B alloy and films on its base by X-ray photospectroscopy method

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kozlenko, V.G.; Parfenenok, M.A.; Pukhov, I.K.; Shaposhnikov, A.N.; Shirkov, A.V.

    1983-01-01

    By the method of X ray photoelectron spectroscopy the chemical composition of Fe-Ni-Si-B alloy and films on its base prepared by ion-plasma sputtering is investigated. The identity of chemical bonds in film samples and initial target is revealed, realized are in them mostly Fe-B, Ni-C, Si-Si interatomic bonds. It is shown that lono. films contact with atmosphere is the cause of difference of film composition in the near-surface region (up to 100 nm) from its main volume composition

  17. Hydrogen storage properties of LaMgNi3.6M0.4 (M = Ni, Co, Mn, Cu, Al) alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yang, Tai; Zhai, Tingting; Yuan, Zeming; Bu, Wengang; Xu, Sheng; Zhang, Yanghuan

    2014-01-01

    Highlights: • La–Mg–Ni system AB 2 -type alloys were prepared by induction melting. • Structures and lattice parameters were analysed by XRD. • Hydrogen absorption/desorption performances were studied. • Mechanisms of hydrogen absorption capacity fading were investigated. - Abstract: LaMgNi 3.6 M 0.4 (M = Ni, Co, Mn, Cu, Al) alloys were prepared through induction melting process. The phase compositions and crystal structures were characterised via X-ray diffraction (XRD). The hydrogen storage properties, including activation performance, hydrogen absorption capacity, cycle stability, alloy particle pulverisation and plateau pressure, were systemically investigated. Results show that Ni, Co, Mn and Cu substitution alloys exhibit multiphase structures comprising the main phase LaMgNi 4 and the secondary phase LaNi 5 . However, the secondary phase of the Al substitution alloy changes into LaAlNi 4 . The lattice parameters and cell volumes of the LaMgNi 4 phase follow the order Ni < Co < Al < Cu < Mn. Activation is simplified through partial substitution of Ni with Al, Cu and Co. The hydrogen absorption capacities of all of the alloys are approximately 1.7 wt.% at the first activation process; however, they rapidly decrease with increasing cycle number. In addition, the stabilities of hydriding and dehydriding cycles decrease in the order Al > Co > Ni > Cu > Mn. Hydriding processes result in numerous cracks and amorphisation of the LaMgNi 4 phase in the alloys. The p–c isotherms were determined by a Sieverts-type apparatus. Two plateaus were observed for the Ni, Co and Al substitution alloys, whereas only one plateau was found for Mn and Cu. This result was caused by the amorphisation of the LaMgNi 4 phase during the hydriding cycles. Reversible absorption and desorption of hydrogen are difficult to achieve. Substitutions of Ni with Co, Mn, Cu and Al significantly influence the reduction of hysteresis between hydriding and dehydriding

  18. Shape memory and superelastic behavior of Ti-7.5Nb-4Mo-1Sn alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang, D.C.; Lin, J.G.; Jiang, W.J.; Ma, M.; Peng, Z.G.

    2011-01-01

    Research highlights: → A Ti-based shape memory alloy, Ti-7.5Nb-4Mo-1Sn, was designed. → The martensitic transformation start temperature of the alloy, M s , is 261 K. → The alloy exhibits good shape memory and superelastic behaviors. → The alloy also shows a good superelastic stability at room temperature. → The Ti-5Mo-7.5Nb-1Sn alloy has a potential application as a biomedical material. -- Abstract: In the present work, a Ti-based shape memory alloy with the composition of Ti-7.5Nb-4Mo-1Sn was designed based on the d-electron orbit theory. The shape memory and superelastic behavior of the alloy were investigated. It is found that the martensitic transformation temperature of the alloy is near 261 K. The tensile and the thermal cycling testing results show that the alloy exhibits the stable shape memory effect and superelasticity at room temperature. The maximum recovered strain of the alloy is 4.83%.

  19. Electrochemical sensing behaviour of Ni doped Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanoparticles

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Suresh, R.; Giribabu, K.; Manigandan, R.; Narayanan, V., E-mail: vnnara@yahoo.co.in [Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025 (India); Vijayalakshmi, L. [Annai Veilankanni' s College for Women (Arts and Science), Saidapet, Chennai 600015 (India); Stephen, A. [Department of Nuclear Physics, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025 (India)

    2014-01-28

    Ni doped Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanoparticles were synthesized by simple hydrothermal method. The prepared nanomaterials were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, DRS-UV-Visible spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The XRD confirms the phase purity of the synthesized Ni doped Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanoparticles. The optical property of Ni doped Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanoparticles were studied by DRS UV-Visible analysis. The electrochemical sensing property of pure and Ni doped Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanoparticles were examined using uric acid as an analyte. The obtained results indicated that the Ni doped Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanoparticles exhibited higher electrocatalytic activity towards uric acid.

  20. Magnetocapacidad en nanopartículas de Fe3O4 y NiFe2O4

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mira, J.

    2010-02-01

    Full Text Available We have synthesized NiFe2O4 (φ∼ 6 nm and Fe3O4 (φ∼ 30 nm magnetic nanoparticles by solvothermal synthesis; furthermore the Fe3O4 nanoparticles have been coated with a SiO2 shell of approximately 5 nm of thickness by the Stöber method. In the study of the dielectric properties as a function of the frequency, temperature and applied magnetic field, we observe a magnetocapacitive behavior (MC at room temperature and under a moderate magnetic field (H=0.5T, that is specially important in the case of the Fe3O4, nanoparticles (MC≈ 6%. On the other hand, the NiFe2O4 and Fe3O4@SiO2 samples present smaller magnetocapacitive effects: MC≈ 2% y MC≈ 1%, respectively. These MC values, that are higher than those reported in the literature for other related magnetic nanoparticles, corroborate the theoretical model proposed by Catalán in which the combination of Maxwell-Wagner effects and magnetoresistance promote the appearance of stronger magnetocapacitive effects.Hemos preparado nanopartículas magnéticas de NiFe2O4 (φ∼ 6 nm y Fe3O4 (φ∼ 30 nm mediante el método de síntesis solvotermal; además estas últimas han sido recubiertas con una capa de SiO2 de unos 5 nm de espesor mediante el método de Stöber. Al estudiar el comportamiento dieléctrico en función de la frecuencia, temperatura y campo magnético aplicado, observamos un comportamiento magnetocapacitivo (MC a temperatura ambiente y bajo un campo magnético moderado (H= 0.5 T que es especialmente importante en el caso de las nanopartículas de Fe3O4 (MC≈ 6%. Por su parte las muestras de NiFe2O4 y Fe3O4@SiO2 presentan efectos magnetocapacitivos menores: MC≈ 2% y MC≈ 1%, respectivamente. Estos valores de MC, que son considerablemente superiores a los descritos hasta el momento para otras nanopartículas magnéticas, corroboran la predicción teórica de Catalán de que la combinación de efecto Maxwell-Wagner con efectos magnetorresitivos potencian la aparición de fen

  1. Irradiation-induced softening of Ni3P and (Ni, Fe, Cr)3P alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Schumacher, G.; Miekeley, W.; Wahi, R.P.

    1993-01-01

    Production of amorphous alloys by solid state reactions (SSR) has attracted much interest during the last few years. One of the methods to induce such a reaction is the irradiation of suitable crystalline alloys by fast particles. Examination of this kind of SSR in M 3 P type of brazing alloys (M: Metal) is attractive because of the following reason: In brazed joints of candidate structural materials like 316L stainless steel for applications in fusion reactors, crystalline intermetallic phases have been detected which are unstable relative to the amorphous state when irradiated at moderate temperatures with fast particles. It is expected that the transition to the amorphous state is accompanied by changes of the mechanical properties, which are of fundamental interest in this context. Until now, only a few studies on the evolution of mechanical properties during amorphization have been performed. Measurements of microhardness of the crystalline and the corresponding amorphous phase do not exist to the authors knowledge. In this communication, the authors present results on changes of microhardness, due to amorphization by fast ions. The measurements have been performed on a model alloy Ni 3 P and on the brazed joint of stainless steel 316L, containing M 3 P (M: Ni, Fe, Cr) as one of the phases. Though microhardness is not a fundamental property of materials, it is a manifestation of several related properties, such as yield stress, ductility, work-hardening, elastic modulus and residual stress states. It represents a resistance for indentation and is, therefore, appropriate for comparative purposes

  2. Electrodeposition and characterization of Ni-Mo-ZrO2 composite coatings

    Science.gov (United States)

    Laszczyńska, A.; Winiarski, J.; Szczygieł, B.; Szczygieł, I.

    2016-04-01

    Ni-Mo-ZrO2 composite coatings were produced by electrodeposition technique from citrate electrolytes containing dispersed ZrO2 nanopowder. The influence of deposition parameters i.e. concentration of molybdate and ZrO2 nanoparticles in the electrolyte, bath pH and deposition current density on the composition and surface morphology of the coating has been investigated. The structure, microhardness and corrosion properties of Ni-Mo-ZrO2 composites with different molybdenum and ZrO2 content have been also examined. It was found that ZrO2 content in the deposit is increased by rising the nanoparticles concentration in the plating solution up to 20 g dm-3. An increase in molybdate concentration in the electrolyte affects negatively the amount of codeposited ZrO2 nanoparticles. The correlation between the deposition current efficiency and ZrO2 content in the composite coating has been also observed. A decrease in deposition current efficiency leads to deposition of Ni-Mo-ZrO2 composite with low nanoparticles content. This may be explained by formation of higher amounts of gas bubbles on the cathode surface, which prevent the adsorption of ZrO2 nanoparticles on the growing deposit. The XRD analysis revealed that all the studied Ni-Mo-ZrO2 coatings were composed of a single, nanocrystalline phase with FCC structure. It was found that the incorporation of ZrO2 nanoparticles into Ni-Mo alloy matrix affects positively the microhardness and also slightly improves the corrosion properties of Ni-Mo alloy coating.

  3. Ab initio and atomic kinetic Monte Carlo modelling of segregation in concentrated FeCrNi alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Piochaud, J.B.; Becquart, C.S.; Domain, C.

    2013-01-01

    Internal structure of pressurised water reactors are made of austenitic materials. Under irradiation, the microstructure of these concentrated alloys evolves and solute segregation on grain boundaries or irradiation defects such as dislocation loops are observed to take place. In order to model and predict the microstructure evolution, a multi-scale modelling approach needs to be developed, which starts at the atomic scale. Atomic Kinetic Monte Carlo (AKMC) modelling is the method we chose to provide an insight on defect mediated diffusion under irradiation. In that approach, we model the concentrated commercial steel as a FeCrNi alloy (γ-Fe 70 Cr 20 Ni 10 ). As no reliable empirical potential exists at the moment to reproduce faithfully the phase diagram and the interactions of the elements and point defects, we have adjusted a pair interaction model on large amount of DFT (Density Functional Theory) calculations. The point defect properties in the Fe 70 Cr 20 Ni 10 , and more precisely, how their formation energy depends on the local environment will be presented and some AKMC results on thermal non equilibrium segregation (TNES) and radiation induce segregation will be presented. The effect of Si on the segregation will also be discussed. Preliminary results show that it is the solute- grain boundaries interactions which drive TNES

  4. Ductile long range ordered alloys with high critical ordering temperature and wrought articles fabricated therefrom

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, Chain T.; Inouye, Henry

    1979-01-01

    Malleable long range ordered alloys having high critical ordering temperatures exist in the V(Fe, Co).sub.3 and V(Fe, Co, Ni).sub.3 systems. These alloys have the following compositions comprising by weight: 22-23% V, 14-30% Fe, and the remainder Co or Co and Ni with an electron density no more than 7.85. The maximum combination of high temperature strength, ductility and creep resistance are manifested in the alloy comprising by weight 22-23% V, 14-20% Fe and the remainder Co and having an atomic composition of V(Fe .sub.0.20-0.26 C Co.sub.0.74-0.80).sub.3. The alloy comprising by weight 22-23% V, 16-17% Fe and 60-62% Co has excellent high temperature properties. The alloys are fabricable into wrought articles by casting, deforming, and annealing for sufficient time to provide ordered structure.

  5. Characteristics of magnetic tunnel junctions comprising ferromagnetic amorphous NiFeSiB layers

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chun, B.S.; Kim, Y.K.; Hwang, J.Y.; Yim, H.I.; Rhee, J.R.; Kim, T.W.

    2007-01-01

    Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs), which consisted of amorphous ferromagnetic Ni 16 Fe 62 Si 8 B 14 free layers, were investigated. NiFeSiB has a lower saturation magnetization (M s : 800 emu/cm 3 ) than Co 90 Fe 10 and a higher anisotropy constant (K u : 2700 erg/cm 3 ) than Ni 80 Fe 20 . By increasing the free layer thickness, the tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) ratio of up to 41% was achieved and it exhibited a much lower switching field (H sw ) than the conventionally used CoFe free layer MTJ. Furthermore, by inserting a thin CoFe layer (1 nm) at the tunnel barrier/NiFeSiB interface, the TMR ratio and switching squareness were enhanced

  6. Corrosive sliding wear behavior of laser clad Mo2Ni3Si/NiSi intermetallic coating

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lu, X.D.; Wang, H.M.

    2005-01-01

    Many ternary metal silicides such as W 2 Ni 3 Si, Ti 2 Ni 3 Si and Mo 2 Ni 3 Si with the topologically closed-packed (TCP) hP12 MgZn 2 type Laves phase crystal structure are expected to have outstanding wear and corrosion resistance due to their inherent high hardness and sluggish temperature dependence and strong atomic bonds. In this paper, Mo 2 Ni 3 Si/NiSi intermetallic coating was fabricated on substrate of an austenitic stainless steel AISI321 by laser cladding using Ni-Mo-Si elemental alloy powders. Microstructure of the coating was characterized by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS). Wear resistance of the coating is evaluated under corrosive sliding wear test condition. Influence of corrosion solutions on the wear resistance of the coating was studied and the wear mechanism was discussed based on observations of worn surface morphology. Results showed that the laser clad Mo 2 Ni 3 Si/NiSi composite coating have a fine microstructure of Mo 2 Ni 3 Si primary dendrites and the interdendritic Mo 2 Ni 3 Si/NiSi eutectics. The coating has excellent corrosive wear resistance compared with austenitic stainless steel AISI321 under acid, alkaline and saline corrosive environments

  7. Magnetic properties of the CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Schneeweiss, Oldřich; Friák, Martin; Masaryk University, Brno; Dudová, Marie; Holec, David

    2017-01-01

    In this paper, we present experimental data showing that the equiatomic CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloy undergoes two magnetic transformations at temperatures below 100 K while maintaining its fcc structure down to 3 K. The first transition, paramagnetic to spin glass, was detected at 93 K and the second transition of the ferromagnetic type occurred at 38 K. Field-assisted cooling below 38 K resulted in a systematic vertical shift of the hysteresis curves. Strength and direction of the associated magnetization bias was proportional to the strength and direction of the cooling field and shows a linear dependence with a slope of 0.006 ± 0.001 emu T. The local magnetic moments of individual atoms in the CrMnFeCoNi quinary fcc random solid solution were investigated by ab initio (electronic density functional theory) calculations. Results of the numerical analysis suggest that, irrespective of the initial configuration of local magnetic moments, the magnetic moments associated with Cr atoms align antiferromagnetically with respect to a cumulative magnetic moment of their first coordination shell. The ab initio calculations further showed that the magnetic moments of Fe and Mn atoms remain strong (between 1.5 and 2 μ B ), while the local moments of Ni atoms effectively vanish. Finally, these results indicate that interactions of Mn- and/or Fe-located moments with the surrounding magnetic structure account for the observed macroscopic magnetization bias.

  8. Corrosion study of the passive film of amorphous Fe-Cr-Ni-(Si, P, B alloys

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    López, M. F.

    1996-12-01

    Full Text Available Amorphous Fe62Cr10Ni8X20 (X = P, B, Si alloys in 0.01M HCl solution have been investigated by means of standard electrochemical measurements in order to evaluate their corrosion resistance. The study reveals that the best corrosion behaviour is given by the Si containing amorphous alloy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS and Auger electron spectroscopy (AJES have been employed to study the composition of the passive layers, formed on the surface of the different amorphous alloys. The results on Fe62Cr10Ni8X20 show that a protective passive film, mainly consisting of oxidized chromium, greatly enhances its corrosion resistance.

    La resistencia a la corrosión de las aleaciones amorfas Fe62Cr10Ni8X20 (X = P, B, Si inmersas en HCl 0,01M se evaluó usando técnicas electroquímicas. Las técnicas de espectroscopia de fotoemisión de rayos X y espectroscopia Auger se emplearon para estudiar la composición de las capas pasivas, formadas en aire sobre la superficie de las aleaciones amorfas. Del estudio realizado se concluye que el mejor comportamiento frente a la corrosión viene dado por la aleación amorfa que contiene como metaloide Si. Esto es debido a que la capa pasiva de dicha aleación está formada principalmente de óxido de cromo, lo cual confiere una alta resistencia a la corrosión.

  9. Microstructure and erosive wear behaviors of Ti6Al4V alloy treated by plasma Ni alloying

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wang, Z.X.; Wu, H.R.; Shan, X.L.; Lin, N.M.; He, Z.Y., E-mail: tyuthzy@126.com; Liu, X.P.

    2016-12-01

    Graphical abstract: The Ni modified layers were prepared on the surface of Ti6Al4V substrate by the plasma surface alloying technique. The surface and cross-section morphology, element concentration and phase composition were investigated by thermal field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES), X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The cross-section nano-scale hardness of Ni modified layer was measured by nano indenter. The results showed that Ni modified layers exhibited triple layers structure and continuous gradient distribution of the concentration. From the surface to the matrix, they were 2 μm Ni deposition layer, 8 μm Ni-rich alloying layer including the phases of Ni{sub 3}Ti, NiTi, Ti{sub 2}Ni, AlNi{sub 3} and 24 μm Ni-poor alloying layer forming the solid solution of nickel. With increasing of the thickness of Ni modified layer, the microhardness increased first, reached the climax, then gradient decreased. The erosion tests were performed on the surface of the untreated and treated Ti6Al4V sample using MSE (Micro-slurry-jet Erosion) method. The experiment results showed that the wear rate of every layer showed different value, and the Ni-rich alloying layer was the lowest. The strengthening mechanism of Ni modified layer was also discussed. - Highlights: • The Ni modified layers were prepared by the plasma surface alloying technique. • Triple layers structure was prepared. • Using Micro-slurry-jet Erosion method. • The erosion rate of Ni modified layer experienced the process of descending first and then ascending. • Improvement of erosion resistance performance of Ni-rich alloying layer was prominent. The wear mechanism of Ni modified layer showed micro-cutting wearing. - Abstract: The Ni modified layers were prepared on the surface of Ti6Al4V substrate by the plasma surface alloying technique. The surface and cross-section morphology, element concentration and phase composition

  10. Designing and controlling the microstructure of 37MnNiMo6-4-3 hypoeutectoid steel after continuous cooling

    OpenAIRE

    E. Rożniata

    2013-01-01

    Purpose: Present work corresponds to the research on the kinetic of phase transformation of undercooled austenite of 37MnNiMo6-4-3 hypoeutctoid steel. The kinetic of phase transformation of under cooled austenite of investigated alloy was presented on CCT diagram (continuous cooling transformation). Also the methodology of a dilatometric samples preparation and the method of the critical points determination were described.Design/methodology/approach: The austenitising temperature was defined...

  11. Development of graded Ni-YSZ composite coating on Alloy 690 by Pulsed Laser Deposition technique to reduce hazardous metallic nuclear waste inventory.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sengupta, Pranesh; Rogalla, Detlef; Becker, Hans Werner; Dey, Gautam Kumar; Chakraborty, Sumit

    2011-08-15

    Alloy 690 based 'nuclear waste vitrification furnace' components degrade prematurely due to molten glass-alloy interactions at high temperatures and thereby increase the volume of metallic nuclear waste. In order to reduce the waste inventory, compositionally graded Ni-YSZ (Y(2)O(3) stabilized ZrO(2)) composite coating has been developed on Alloy 690 using Pulsed Laser Deposition technique. Five different thin-films starting with Ni80YSZ20 (Ni 80 wt%+YSZ 20 wt%), through Ni60YSZ40 (Ni 60 wt%+YSZ 40 wt%), Ni40YSZ60 (Ni 40 wt%+YSZ 60 wt%), Ni20YSZ80 (Ni 20 wt%+YSZ 80 wt%) and Ni0YSZ100 (Ni 0 wt%+YSZ 100 wt%), were deposited successively on Alloy 690 coupons. Detailed analyses of the thin-films identify them as homogeneous, uniform, pore free and crystalline in nature. A comparative study of coated and uncoated Alloy 690 coupons, exposed to sodium borosilicate melt at 1000°C for 1-6h suggests that the graded composite coating could substantially reduced the chemical interactions between Alloy 690 and borosilicate melt. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  12. Electrochemical synthesis, structure and phase composition of nano structured amorphous thin layers of NiW and Ni-Mo

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Vitina, I.; Lubane, M.; Belmane, V.; Rubene, V.; Krumina, A.

    2006-01-01

    Full text: Nano structured Ni-W thin layers containing W 6-37 wt.% were electrodeposited on a copper substratum. The W content in the layer changes, and it is determined by the electrolyte pH in the range 8.0-9.6 and the cathode current density in the range 1.0-10.0 A/dm 2 . The atomic composition and thermal stability of structure of the electrodeposited thin layers depend for the most part on the conditions of the electrodeposition and less on the W content in the layer. Cracking of the Ni-W layers electrodeposited at the electrolyte pH 8.5 and containing 34-37 wt.% W and 8.5 wt.% W was observed. The cracking increases at heating at 400 deg C for 50 h. On the contrary, no cracking of the Ni-W layer electrodeposited at the electrolyte pH 9.0 and containing 25 wt.% W was observed. The atomic composition of the layer remains practically unchanged at heating at 400 deg C for 50 h. The layer binds oxygen up to 7 wt.%. According to X-ray diffraction, in spite of the W content 35-37 wt.% in the layer, nano structured layers rather than amorphous layers were obtained which at heating at 400 deg C depending on the W content crystallises as Ni or intermetallic compounds Ni x W y if the W content is approx. 25 wt.%. Amorphous Ni-Mo alloys containing 35-52 wt.% Mo was electrodeposited on copper substratum at the cathode current densities of 0.5-1.5 A/dm2 and the electrolyte pH 6.8-8.6. Formation of thin layer (∼1-2μm) of X-ray amorphous Ni-Mo alloy, the Mo content, the characteristics of structure depend on the electrodeposition process, the electrolyte pH, and the cathode current density. The Ni-Mo layer deposited at the electrolyte pH above 8.6 and below average 6.8 had a nanocrystalline structure rather than characteristics of amorphous structure. Ni- W and Ni-Mo alloys were electrodeposited from citrate electrolyte not containing ammonium ions

  13. Fe-Mo alloy coatings as cathodes in chlorate production process

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gajić-Krstajić Ljiljana M.

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of the feasibility of partial replacement of dichromate, Cr(VI, with phosphate buffer, focusing on the cathode reaction selectivity for hydrogen evolution on mild steel and Fe-Mo cathodes in undivided cell for chlorate production. To evaluate the ability of phosphate and Cr(VI additions to hinder hypochlorite and chlorate reduction, overall current efficiency (CE measurements in laboratory cell for chlorate production on stationary electrodes were performed. The concentration of hypochlorite was determined by a conventional potentiometric titration method using 0.01 mol dm-3 As2O3 solution as a titrant. The chlorate concentration was determined by excess of 1.0 mol dm-3 As2O3 solution and excess of arsenic oxide was titrated with 0.1 mol dm-3 KBrO3 solution in a strong acidic solution. Cathodic hypochlorite and chlorate reduction were suppressed efficiently by addition of 3 g dm-3 dichromate at both cathodes, except that Fe-Mo cathode exhibited higher catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER. The overvoltage for the HER was around 0.17 V lower on Fe-Mo cathode than on mild steel at the current density of 3 kA m-2. It was found that a dichromate content as low as 0.1 g dm-3 is sufficient for complete suppression of cathodic hypochlorite and chlorate reduction onto Fe-Mo catalyst in phosphate buffering system (3 g dm-3 Na2HPO4 + NaH2PO4. The overall current efficiency was practically the same as in the case of the presence of 3 g dm-3 dichromate buffer (98 %. However, for the mild steel cathode, the overall current efficiency for the chlorate production was somewhat lower in the above mentioned mixed phosphate + dichromate buffering system (95% than in the pure dichromate buffering solution (97.5%.

  14. Electrical and magnetic properties of Fe-based bulk metallic glass with minor Co and Ni addition

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Jung, H.Y. [IFW Dresden, Institute for Complex Materials, D–01069 Dresden (Germany); Stoica, M. [IFW Dresden, Institute for Complex Materials, D–01069 Dresden (Germany); POLITEHNICA University of Timisoara, P-ta Victoriei 2, Timisoara (Romania); Yi, S. [Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 702–701 Daegu (Korea, Republic of); Kim, D.H. [Center for Non-crystalline Materials, Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Yonsei University, 120–749 Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Eckert, J. [IFW Dresden, Institute for Complex Materials, D–01069 Dresden (Germany); University of Technology Dresden, Institute of Materials Science, D–01062 Dresden (Germany)

    2014-09-01

    The effect of minor Co and Ni alloying on soft magnetic properties and electrical resistivity of Fe{sub 75.5}C{sub 7.0}Si{sub 3.3}B{sub 5.5}P{sub 8.7} (at%) bulk metallic glass has been investigated. Within examined compositional range (Co and Ni up to 4 at%, respectively), the saturation magnetization and electrical resistivity of the alloys continuously decrease with increasing Co or Ni content, while the Curie temperature and initial permeability increase. Comparing the effect of Co and Ni additions, the alloys with Co addition have much higher Curie temperature and saturation magnetization than the alloy with Ni addition. Also, the Co-added alloys show smaller coercivity and larger permeability than the Ni-added alloys. The present results suggest that minor addition of Co can provide better effectiveness to enhance the magnetic softness of Fe-based BMGs than minor Ni addition. - Highlights: • Soft magnetic characteristics of CI-based BMGs can be enhanced with minor Co and Ni alloying. • Minor Co addition can provide better effectiveness to enhance the magnetic softness of CI-based BMG than Ni addition. • Optimum Co addition enlarges atomic packing density and randomness of amorphous structure.

  15. Magnetic force microscopy characterization of heat and current treated Fe40Ni38Mo4B18 amorphous ribbons

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Garcia, Ignacio; Iturriza, Nuria; Jose del Val, Juan; Grande, Hans; Pomposo, Jose A.; Gonzalez, Julian

    2010-01-01

    The domain structure of a magnetostrictive Fe 40 Ni 38 Mo 4 B 18 amorphous ribbon has been studied using magnetic force microscopy (MFM) at room temperature. First, the evolution of the magnetic domain patterns as a function of the annealing temperature has been investigated. In samples heat treated at 250 and 450 deg. C for 1 h, a transformation from 90 deg. to 180 deg. domain wall has been clearly observed, while the sample heat treated at 700 deg. C for 1 h showed a magnetic phase fixed by the crystalline anisotropy. Additionally, the evolution of the magnetic domain structure by applying a DC current was recorded by the MFM technique. For current annealed samples at 1 A for 1, 30 and 60 min, a transformation between different domain patterns has been observed. Finally, in samples treated by the current annealing method under simultaneous stress, an increase of the annealing time gives rise to a different magnetic structure arising from the development of transverse magnetic anisotropy.

  16. The role of Zr and Nb in oxidation/sulfidation behavior of Fe-Cr-Ni alloys

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Natesan, K. (Argonne National Lab., IL (USA)); Baxter, D.J. (Argonne National Lab., IL (USA) INCO Alloy Ltd., Hereford, England (UK))

    1990-11-01

    05Structural Fe-Cr-Ni alloys may undergo rapid degradation at elevated temperatures unless protective surface oxide scales are formed and maintained. The ability of alloys to resist rapid degradation strongly depends on their Cr content and the chemistry of the exposure environment. Normally, 20 wt % Cr is required for service at temperatures up to 1000{degree}C; the presence of sulfur, however, inhibits formation of a protective surface oxide scale. The oxidation and sulfidation behavior of Fe-Cr-Ni alloys is examined over a wide temperature range (650 to 1000{degree}C), with particular emphasis on the effects of alloy Cr content and the radiation of reactive elements such as Nb and Zr. Both Nb and Zr are shown to promote protective oxidation behavior on the 12 wt % Cr alloy in oxidizing environments and to suppress sulfidation in mixed oxygen/sulfur environments. Additions of Nb and Zr at 3 wt % level resulted in stabilization of Cr{sub 2}O{sub 3} scale and led to a barrier layer of Nb- or Zr-rich oxide at the scale/metal interface, which acted to minimize the transport of base metal cations across the scale. Oxide scales were preformed in sulfur-free environments and subsequently exposed to oxygen/sulfur mixed-gas atmospheres. Preformed scales were found to delay the onset of breakaway corrosion. Corrosions test results obtained under isothermal and thermal cycling conditions are presented. 58 refs., 55 figs., 8 tabs.

  17. Anisotropic nanolaminated CoNiFe cores integrated into microinductors for high-frequency dc–dc power conversion

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kim, Jooncheol; Kim, Minsoo; Herrault, Florian; Kim, Jung-Kwun; Allen, Mark G

    2015-01-01

    This paper presents a rectangular, anisotropic nanolaminated CoNiFe core that possesses a magnetically hard axis in the long geometric axis direction. Previously, we have developed nanolaminated cores comprising tens to hundreds of layers of 300–1000 nm thick metallic alloys (i.e. Ni 80 Fe 20 or Co 44 Ni 37 Fe 19 ) based on sequential electrodeposition, demonstrating suppressed eddy-current losses at MHz frequencies. In this work, magnetic anisotropy was induced to the nanolaminated CoNiFe cores by applying an external magnetic field (50–100 mT) during CoNiFe film electrodeposition. The fabricated cores comprised tens to hundreds of layers of 500–1000 nm thick CoNiFe laminations that have the hard-axis magnetic property. Packaged in a 22-turn solenoid test inductor, the anisotropic core showed 10% increased effective permeability and 25% reduced core power losses at MHz operation frequency, compared to an isotropic core of the identical geometry. Operating the anisotropic nanolaminated CoNiFe core in a step-down dc–dc converter (15 V input to 5 V output) demonstrated 81% converter efficiency at a switching frequency of 1.1 MHz and output power of 6.5 W. A solenoid microinductor with microfabricated windings integrated with the anisotropic nanolaminated CoNiFe core was fabricated, demonstrating a constant inductance of 600 nH up to 10 MHz and peak quality factor exceeding 20 at 4 MHz. The performance of the microinductor with the anisotropic nanolaminated CoNiFe core is compared with other previously reported microinductors. (fast track communication)

  18. One-pot fabrication of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles on α-Ni(OH)2 nanosheet for enhanced water oxidation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Hong; Yan, Junqing; Wu, Huan; Zhang, Yunxia; Liu, Shengzhong (Frank)

    2016-08-01

    Water splitting has been intensively investigated as a promising solution to resolve the future environmental and energy crises. The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) of the photo- and electric field-induced water splitting limits the development of other reactions, including hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Fe, Ni and NiFe (hydro) oxide-based catalysts are generally acknowledged among the best candidates of OER catalysts for water splitting. Herein, we developed a one-pot simple hydrothermal process to assemble NiFe2O4 nanoparticles onto the α-Ni(OH)2 nanosheets. The first formed NiFe2O4 under high temperature and pressure environment induces and assists the α-Ni(OH)2 formation without any further additives, because the distance between the neighboring Ni atoms in the cubic NiFe2O4 is similar to that in the α-Ni(OH)2 {003} facets. We have synthesized a series of NiFe2O4/α-Ni(OH)2 compounds and find that the overpotential decreases with the increase of Ni(OH)2 content while the OER kinetics stays unchanged, suggesting that Ni(OH)2 plays a major role in overpotential while NiFe2O4 mainly affects the OER kinetics. The obtained NiFe2O4/α-Ni(OH)2 compounds is also found to be a promising co-catalyst for the photocatalytic water oxidation. In fact, it is even more active than the noble PtOx with acceptable stability for the oxygen generation.

  19. Análisis del comportamiento mecánico de una aleación Ni-Cr-Mo para pilares dentales/Analysis of Mechanical Behavior of Ni-Cr-Mo alloy for Dental Abutments

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Alberto Laguado Villamizar

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available El presente estudio caracteriza una aleación aplicable al diseño de pilares para implantes dentales. Se propone un material biocompatible y de alta resistencia mecánica como alternativa a las aleaciones de Titanio, disminuyendo los costos de materia prima y procesamiento. Se realizan pruebas mecánicas de tracción y de compresión a la aleación de Ni-Cr-Mo, posteriormente se realiza modelado 3D y simulación de sus propiedades mecánicas por medio de análisis de elementos finitos. Como resultado se obtiene que el material disminuye su resistencia mecánica después del proceso de fundición empleado. El modelo de simulación es válido para análisis de resistencia en pilares dentales.This study presents the characterization of a dental implant alloy for abutments. It proposes a biocompatible material and high mechanical resistance as an alternative to Titanium alloys, lowering costs of raw materials and processing. Mechanical testing of the Ni-Cr-Mo alloy and subsequently perform simulations of its mechanical properties by means of finite element analysis. As a result is obtained that the material reduces its mechanical strength after the casting for electric induction molding process. The simulation model is valid to make analysis of resistance to this type of dental devices.

  20. Microstructure and tribological properties of NiMo/Mo2Ni3Si intermetallic 'in-situ' composites

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gui Yongliang; Song Chunyan; Yang Li; Qin Xiaoling

    2011-01-01

    Research highlights: → Wear resistant NiMo/Mo 2 Ni 3 Si intermetallic 'in-situ' composites was fabricated successfully with Mo-Ni-Si powder blends as the starting materials. Microstructure of the NiMo/Mo 2 Ni 3 Si composites consists of Mo 2 Ni 3 Si primary dendrites, binary intermetallic phase NiMo and small amount of Ni/NiMo eutectics structure. The NiMo/Mo 2 Ni 3 Si composites exhibited high hardness and outstanding tribological properties under room-temperature dry-sliding wear test conditions which were attributed to the covalent-dominant strong atomic bonds and excellent combination of strength and ductility and toughness. - Abstract: Wear resistant NiMo/Mo 2 Ni 3 Si intermetallic 'in-situ' composites with a microstructure of ternary metal silicide Mo 2 Ni 3 Si primary dendritic, the long strip-like NiMo intermetallic phase, and a small amount of Ni/NiMo eutectics structure were designed and fabricated using molybdenum, nickel and silicon elemental powders. Friction and wear properties of NiMo/Mo 2 Ni 3 Si composites were evaluated under different contact load at room-temperature dry-sliding wear test conditions. Microstructure, worn surface morphologies and subsurface microstructure were characterized by OM, XRD, SEM and EDS. Results indicate that NiMo/Mo 2 Ni 3 Si composites have low fiction coefficient, excellent wear resistance and sluggish wear-load dependence. The dominant wear mechanisms of NiMo/Mo 2 Ni 3 Si composites are soft abrasion and slightly superficial oxidative wear.