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Sample records for aleta sindelar cvm

  1. 75 FR 52605 - Veterinary Medicine Advisory Committee; Notice of Meeting

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-08-26

    ...] Veterinary Medicine Advisory Committee; Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration, HHS. ACTION... Administration (FDA). The meeting will be open to the public. Name of Committee: Veterinary Medicine Advisory..., Rockville, MD 20852, 301-468-1100. Contact Person: Aleta Sindelar, Center for Veterinary Medicine (HFV-3...

  2. Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM)

    Data.gov (United States)

    Federal Laboratory Consortium — As seen on the center's logo, the mission statement for FDA's Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM) reads: "Protecting Human and Animal Health." To achieve this broad...

  3. Using S3 cloud storage with ROOT and CvmFS

    Science.gov (United States)

    Arsuaga-Ríos, María; Heikkilä, Seppo S.; Duellmann, Dirk; Meusel, René; Blomer, Jakob; Couturier, Ben

    2015-12-01

    Amazon S3 is a widely adopted web API for scalable cloud storage that could also fulfill storage requirements of the high-energy physics community. CERN has been evaluating this option using some key HEP applications such as ROOT and the CernVM filesystem (CvmFS) with S3 back-ends. In this contribution we present an evaluation of two versions of the Huawei UDS storage system stressed with a large number of clients executing HEP software applications. The performance of concurrently storing individual objects is presented alongside with more complex data access patterns as produced by the ROOT data analysis framework. Both Huawei UDS generations show a successful scalability by supporting multiple byte-range requests in contrast with Amazon S3 or Ceph which do not support these commonly used HEP operations. We further report the S3 integration with recent CvmFS versions and summarize the experience with CvmFS/S3 for publishing daily releases of the full LHCb experiment software stack.

  4. Profiling inflammatory biomarkers in cervico-vaginal mucus (CVM) postpartum: Potential early indicators of bovine clinical endometritis?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Adnane, Mounir; Chapwanya, Aspinas; Kaidi, Rachid; Meade, Kieran G; O'Farrelly, Cliona

    2017-11-01

    Endometritis significantly impacts fertility and milk yield, thus reducing profitability of the dairy production. In cows that develop endometritis, normal postpartum endometrial inflammation is dysregulated. Here, we propose that endometrial inflammation is reflected in cervico-vaginal mucus (CVM) which could therefore be used as a prognostic tool. CVM was collected from 20 dairy cows (10 with clinical endometritis and 10 healthy) 7 and 21 days postpartum (DPP). Polymorphonuclear (PMN), mononuclear leukocyte and epithelial cells were counted, total protein levels were estimated and levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp) and C5b were analyzed by ELISA in CVM. PMN were consistently high in CVM from 7 to 21 DPP, but were higher in CVM from cows with clinical endometritis 21 DPP compared with healthy cows. In contrast, there were more epithelial cells in healthy cows 21 DPP than in clinical endometritis animals. Total protein levels decreased significantly in CVM from healthy cows between days 7 and 21 postpartum. All inflammatory biomarkers except C5b, remained high in cows with clinical endometritis from 7 to 21 DPP, indicating sustained and chronic endometrial inflammation. IL1, IL-6, IL-8 and Hp levels were higher in CVM from cows with clinical endometritis compared to healthy cows 21 DPP. Interestingly IL-1β levels were raised in CVM from clinical endometritis but not in healthy cows 7 DPP suggesting that early measurement of IL-1β levels might provide a useful predictive marker of clinical endometritis. In contrast, SAA and C5b levels were increased in healthy cows 21 DPP, compared to cows with clinical endometritis suggesting that these acute phase proteins might have an anti-inflammatory role. Our results show that CVM is convenient for profiling disease-associated changes in key inflammatory molecules postpartum and reaffirms that sustained inflammation is a key feature of clinical endometritis in the dairy cow. Copyright

  5. Complex Vertebral Malformation (CVM) in an Italian Holstein calf

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gentile, A.; Diana, A.; Testoni, S.; Olzi, E.

    2004-01-01

    Complex Vertebral Malformation, a congenital and lethal genetic defect of Holstein breed, has been recently observed in different Countries all over the world. In this paper the AA describe the clinical and radiological aspects of CVM in a two day old female calf. The disease was characterized by low body weight, symmetrical arthrogryposis and partial rotation of all legs and scoliosis. Calf was alert and showed physiological appetite, but was not able to maintain the quadrupedal stance. Radiographs of the vertebral column showed multiple vertebral anomalies, including hemivertebrae, fused and misshapen vertebrae and ribs and scoliosis, that affected mainly the caudal, cervical and thoracic regions. At necropsy, besides the skeleton anomalies, complex malformation of the heart was observed, which included atrial and interventricular defects and patent ductus arteriosus. This is the first case of CVM completely documented and genetically tested in Italy [it

  6. DETECTION OF RECESSIVE MUTATIONS (CVM, BLAD AND RED FACTOR INHOLSTEIN BULLS IN SLOVENIA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Betka LOGAR

    2008-07-01

    Full Text Available Detection of recessive mutations that causes complex vertebral malformation (CVM and bovine leukocyte adhesion defi ciency (BLAD in Holstein cattle is especially required for bulls, which are used for artifi cial insemination (A.I.; these enable elimination of carriers from the A.I. programs and therefore prevent transmission of unwanted mutations to a large number of offspring. Some breeders are also interested in the identifi cation of carriers of recessive allele for red and white coat colour (Red factor. Here, we performed genetic tests for detection of mutations associated with CVM, BLAD and Red factor using methods previously reported or modifi ed methods. Analysis of Holstein bulls, which were recommended for A.I in Slovenia in the years 2007 and 2008, revealed four (10 % carriers of CVM, and two (5.4 % carriers of red gene, while all bulls were non-carriers of BLAD.

  7. Aplicação da teoria processual administrativa no procedimento de consulta no âmbito da Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (CVM: análise da decisão sobre a natureza jurídica da incorporação de ações pela CVM / Implementation of Administrative Process Theory in the Consultation Process within the Brazilian Securities and Exchange Commission (CVM: Analysis of the CVM’s Decision on the Juridical Nature of the Merger of Shares

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rodrigo Moreira Lopes

    2018-05-01

    Full Text Available Purpose – The purpose of this article is to investigate whether the Brazilian Securities and Exchange Commission (CVM, in ruling on the legal nature of the merger of shares, observed the elements of the administrative procedure, described in the administrative process theory of regulation developed by Steven Croley. More precisely, it was analyzed the decision-making process that culminated in the publication of Relatório RA / CVM / SEP / GEA-3 / Nº 21/14 and Parecer No 2014 / GJU-2 / PFE-CVM / PGF / AG – which addressed the legal nature of the merger of shares –, in order to identify which elements of the administrative procedure are present in the decision of the CVM. Methodology – First, the bases of the administrative process theory will be described, notably the elements of the administrative procedure indicated by Steven Croley as essential for a socially satisfactory regulation. After that, it will be analyzed how happened the decision process that culminated in the publication of Relatório RA / CVM / SEP / GEA-3 / Nº 21/14 and Parecer No 2014 / GJU-2 / PFE-CVM / PGF / AG. Next, a critical analysis of the CVM decision will be presented, from the perspective of the administrative process theory. Findings – At the end of the analysis it was shown that some of the assumptions of the administrative process theory were not duly respected by the CVM when issuing Relatório RA / CVM / SEP / GEA-3 / Nº 21/14 and Parecer No 2014 / GJU-2 / PFE-CVM / PGF / AG, which may raise questions about the reliability and legal acceptance of the decision issued by the regulatory authority. Resumo Propósito – O presente artigo tem como objetivo averiguar se a Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (CVM, ao se pronunciar sobre a natureza jurídica da incorporação de ações, observou os elementos do procedimento administrativo, descritos na teoria processual administrativa da regulação desenvolvida por Steven Croley. Mais precisamente, foi

  8. Estimation of CE–CVM energy parameters from miscibility gap data

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Unknown

    using CE–CVM free energy functions for bcc and fcc structures in the .... Explicit solutions for xc and Tc as given, for example, by Lupis (1983) cannot be found in the present case, be- cause the internal variables ui have an implicit variation.

  9. Is there a need to audit CVM applications to the environment?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    S Hosking

    2014-05-01

    Full Text Available It is well known to economists that the contingent valuation method (CVM fills an important gap in valuation technology with respect to managing public environmental goods and services.   Currently acceptable CVM practice requires many challenging steps to be followed.  One of these important steps is that of assessing the theoretical validity of the household willingness to pay (WTP finding, but it is far from being a sufficient basis for reaching conclusions as to the credibility predicted community willingness to pay for environmental services.  This paper reviews the step of testing for theoretical validity and challenges its importance relative to other more fundamental assessments of the credibility of the predicted household and societal WTP.  This paper then deduces that an external ‘audit’ assessment may be necessary, in addition to an internal one, for these values to attain credibility in the determination of public choices.

  10. CVM-X: Calibrating contingent values with experimental auction markets

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fox, J.A.; Shogren, J.F.; Hayes, D.J.; Kliebenstein, J.B.

    1998-01-01

    We design and implement a method, CVM-X, to calibrate hypothetical survey values using experimental auction markets. We test the procedure using consumer willingness-to-pay for irradiated/nonirradiated meat. Our results show that calibration factors for those who favor the irradiation process (0.67-0.69) are less severe than for those with an initial dislike of the process (0.55-0.59), suggesting that calibration may be commodity specific

  11. [Contribution of the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method to dentofacial orthopedics: update].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Elhaddaoui, R; Benyahia, H; Azaroual, F; Zaoui, F

    2014-11-01

    The successful orthopedic treatment of skeletal Class II malocclusions is closely related to the reasoned determination of the optimal time to initiate the treatment. This is why various methods have been proposed to assess skeletal maturation, such as a hand-wrist radiograph or the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method. The hand-wrist radiograph was up to now the most frequently used method to assess skeletal maturation. However, the clinical and biological limitations of this technique, as well as the need to perform an additional radiograph, were reasons to develop another method to explore the maturation stages of visible cervical vertebrae on a simple lateral cephalometric radiograph. The authors compare the 2 methods and prove the greater contribution of the CVM method compared to the hand-wrist radiograph. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

  12. Análisis socioeconómico e interrelación de las pesquerías de sardina y atún aleta azul en la región noroeste de México

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Raúl Jesús del Moral-Simanek

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available El establecimiento de las engordas de atún aleta azul en las costas de Baja California cambió el destino de las capturas de sardina, ya que antes se destinaban al mercado de congelados y a la elaboración de harina de pescado, y en la actualidad se utilizan como alimento para el atún aleta azul. Esto generó un efecto socioeconómico positivo para los armadores y pescadores de pelágicos menores, ya que la llegada de grandes capitales foráneos para el desarrollo de las engordas de atún mejoró los precios de la sardina, e hizo más rentable su pesquería.

  13. Is the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method effective enough to replace the hand-wrist maturation (HWM) method in determining skeletal maturation?-A systematic review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Szemraj, Agnieszka; Wojtaszek-Słomińska, Anna; Racka-Pilszak, Bogna

    2018-05-01

    Chronological age provides only general information on the development of a child/adolescent. However, the biological age of the patient is more significant. One of the methods is the determination of the bone age based on the development of the hand and wrist bones. In 1972 a method for assessing cervical vertebral maturation on the cephalometric radiographs was introduced (CVM method). As a result, additional patient radiation was eliminated. Currently, this type of radiograph is routinely applied in orthodontic treatment. The aim of the study was to assess the usefulness of the CVM method and to verify the assumption, according to which the CVM method modified by Baccetti et al. may replace the method for the assessment of skeletal maturation based on a hand-wrist X-ray, which is known as the hand-wrist maturation (HWM) method. The present study reviewed the literature between 2006 and 2016. In the first stage of selection 905 articles were obtained. Finally, 10 articles were enrolled for the review. All of the studies presented a high level of correlation between the examined methods. In eight articles the researchers admitted that the CVM classification could replace the HWM method, known as the "gold standard". In two studies , the researchers suggested considering the CVM method an additional method despite its compatibility and usefulness. The lowest correlation coefficient was 0.616 and the highest 0.937. The assessment of the skeletal age with the CVM is done on a cephalometric radiograph, routinely used in orthodontic practice, which makes it easy to apply. The determination of features of only C2, C3 and C4 vertebrae is possible even if the patient wears an X-ray protective thyroid collar. Therefore, the radiation dose is minimized. The CVM method shows a high level of correlation with the HWM method. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  14. Correlations between Cervical Vertebral Maturation (CVM) and Dental Development in Thai Cleft Patients.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chongcharueyskul, Pathomporn; Wangsrimonkol, Tasanee; Pisek, Poonsak; Pisek, Araya; Manosudprasit, Montian

    2015-08-01

    To examine correlations between cervical vertebral maturation stages (CVMs) and dental development stages, and cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) stage 6 and completion of root formation of mandibular third molar in Thai cleft patients. Lateral cephalograms of 366 cleft subjects aged 7-9 years were assessed for CVMs using Baccetti method. Calcication stages of all left mandibular teeth within each CVMs were assessed from panoramic films using Demirjian method. Spearman rank correlation coefficients comparing CVMs and teeth were 0.51-0.79 (pmaturation indicators.

  15. Valuing Health Effect on Air Pollution : WTP Approach Using CVM

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kim, Tae Yoo; Um, Mi Jung [Seoul National University, Seoul (Korea); Kwak, Seung Jun [Korea University, Seoul (Korea)

    1998-09-01

    Cost-benefit is required for improving air quality efficiently. Benefit in connection with air quality has influence on health effects, a barrier to administration, aesthetic value, and material loss. Among these, health effects are occupying most of them. In this study, the economic value by the people in Seoul was estimated about symptoms of eye irritation, heartburn, and asthma among health effects relating to air pollution by using conditional value measurement (CVM). As a result, 2,580 won/day for eye irritation, 9,000 won/day for heartburn, and 55,400 won/day for asthma were measured. Moreover, in the case of carrying out several CV questions in one survey, it was found out that the estimated results of single variation model and dual variation model were different. (author). 21 refs., 7 tabs.

  16. High throughput screening of Pd-alloys for H2 separation membranes studied by hydrogenography and CVM

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Westerwaal, R.J.; Dam, B. [Delft University of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage, Julianaweg 136, 2628 BL Delft (Netherlands); Den Besten, C.; Slaman, M. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam (Netherlands); Nanuc, D.E.; Boettger, A.J. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft (Netherlands); Haije, W.G. [Energy research Centre of The Netherlands, Westerduinweg 3, 1755 LE Petten (Netherlands)

    2011-01-15

    The search for and development of stable Pd-based membranes for hydrogen separation applications with resistance to hydrogen embrittlement and cracking is a challenging and time-consuming task. Membrane failure is most often caused by the occurrence of the {alpha}-{beta} phase transition during hydrogen absorption and desorption by the Pd-alloy below the critical temperature. By finding a suitable alloy with a critical temperature below room temperature, the membrane lifetime can be extended tremendously. Here we present a combinatorial approach that enables the fast screening of phase transitions in multi-component Pd-alloys for hydrogen separation membranes by experiments and thermodynamic calculations. The method is applied to the well-documented Pd-Cu alloy compositions. Hydrogenography, a compositional gradient thin film technique, is used to experimentally investigate the alloy compositions. Using a new phenomenological method to determine the critical temperature from hydrogenography measurements, we show that the experimental results and the calculations, using the Cluster Variation Method (CVM), agree well with the phase boundaries and critical temperatures reported in literature. Our results show that the combined capabilities of hydrogenography and CVM enable an efficient screening of promising multi-component alloys for which thermodynamic data are scarce or absent.

  17. Interception efficiency of CVM-based lightning protection systems for buildings and the fractional Poisson model

    OpenAIRE

    Haller, Harold S.; Woyczynski, Wojbor A.

    2016-01-01

    The purpose of this paper is to resolve a question regarding efficiency of a lightning protection system (LPS) for buildings based on the collection volume method (CVM) . The paper has two components. The first, following suggestions of other authors [Abidin and Ibrahim 2004], takes advantage of count data from installed devices, and independent installation-site inspections to develop our statistical analysis. The second component investigates the validity of the underlying theory by introdu...

  18. Expansion and compression shock wave calculation in pipes with the C.V.M. numerical method

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Raymond, P.; Caumette, P.; Le Coq, G.; Libmann, M.

    1983-03-01

    The Control Variables Method for fluid transients computations has been used to compute expansion and compression shock waves propagations. In this paper, first analytical solutions for shock wave and rarefaction wave propagation are detailed. Then after a rapid description of the C.V.M. technique and its stability and monotonicity properties, we will present some results about standard shock tube problem, reflection of shock wave, finally a comparison between experimental results obtained on the ELF facility and calculations is given

  19. Desenvolvimento de um simulador com interface amigável de um módulo didático de transferência de calor em aletas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Welington Pereira Santos

    2001-05-01

    Full Text Available Neste trabalho, foi implementado um simulador com interface amigável de um módulo didático clássico de transferência de calor em aletas, utilizado em várias instituições de ensino superior. O simulador foi desenvolvido em linguagem orientada a objetos DELPHI e apresenta um formulário de entrada de dados interativo em uma janela, enquanto o resultado da simulação é visualizado na forma gráfica. O simulador possui um banco de correlações de literatura para a estimação das propriedades físicas e dos parâmetros térmicos do modelo

  20. Captura de atún aleta azul en Baja California, México: ¿pesquería regional o maquiladora marina?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Raúl Jesús del Moral-Simanek

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available El atún aleta azul, capturado por la flota mexicana en las costas de la península de Baja California, se destinaba al enlatado local, para ofrecer a los consumidores nacionales un producto barato y con valor nutritivo alto. Sin embargo, esto cambió en la última década con la llegada de inversionistas, sobre todo japoneses. Ahora el atún se captura, engorda y exporta a los mercados japonés y estadounidense, que pagan un precio elevado, para satisfacer su demanda de sashimi. Esto tiene repercusiones positivas en el orden social y económico en México y Japón; determinadas a partir del trabajo de campo directo e indirecto realizado en el marco de esta investigación. Además, se identificaron algunas similitudes entre el comportamiento de las empresas estudiadas y la industria maquiladora de exportación, lo que abrió un debate sobre el tema.

  1. The External Cost Evaluation of the Nuclear Severe Accident Using CVM

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lee, Yong Suk; Lee, Byung Chul

    2006-01-01

    The external cost of energy can be defined as 'the cost not included in the energy market price', such as air pollution, noise, etc. Within the evaluation of the external cost of nuclear energy, the estimation of the external cost of severe accident is one of the major topics to be addressed. For the evaluation of the external cost of severe accident, the effect of risk aversion of the public against the severe accident must be addressed, because people are more concerned about low probability - high consequence events than about high probability - low consequence events having the same mean damage. It is generally recognized that there is a discrepancy between the social acceptability of the risk and the average monetary value which corresponds in principle to the compensation of the consequences for each individual of the population affected by the accident. In this paper, the CVM (Contingent Valuation Method) is used to integrate the risk aversion in the external costs of nuclear severe accidents in Korea

  2. A comparison of skeletal maturation in patients with tooth agenesis and unaffected controls assessed by the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) index.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Casey, Christine; Gill, Daljit S; Jones, Steven P

    2013-12-01

    The aims of this study were to (1) investigate if there is a difference in skeletal maturation between tooth agenesis and control patients and (2) whether skeletal maturation is affected by the severity of tooth agenesis. The cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) index can be used to assess skeletal maturation. A retrospective cross-sectional study. Eastman Dental Hospital, London, UK. A total of 360 cephalograms of patients aged 9-17 years (164 males and 196 females) allocated to four subgroups (mild, moderate and severe tooth agenesis patients, and controls) were assessed retrospectively. There were 90 patients in each of the four subgroups. The skeletal maturation of each subject was assessed both quantitatively and qualitatively using the CVM index. All patients in the study were either currently receiving treatment or had been discharged from the hospital. There was no statistically significant relationship between skeletal maturation and the presence of tooth agenesis. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant relationship between the skeletal maturity of patients and different severities of tooth agenesis. The data obtained from this group of patients and using this measurement tool alone does not supply sufficient reason to reject the null hypothesis. However, it suggests that it is possible that no difference exists between the groups.

  3. LA PUNTA DE ALETAS Y PEDÚNCULO DEL SOLUTRENSE EXTRACANTÁBRICO: DE LOS “DIMONIS” AL ARCO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco Javier Muñoz Ibáñez

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available La punta de aletas y pedúnculo (PAP es uno de los elementos característicos del Solutrense Extracantábrico. Este tipo de proyectiles se analizan a partir de parámetros morfológicos y tipométricos. Se propone un modelo sobre los procesos de fabricación y su repercusión en el registro arqueológico. A partir del análisis de las PAP se establecen las características balísticas de este tipo de utillaje. Su morfología contribuye a plantear la hipótesis de que se hayan utilizado como punta de flecha para arco. Los resultados muestran que las PAP son morfológicamente y métricamente adecuadas para ser lanzadas por un arco. Las réplicas tuvieron un comportamiento balístico perfecto, así que podemos considerar que el origen del arco podría situarse antes de lo pensado tradicionalmente.Barbed and tanged points (BTP are one of the specific elements which characterize Extracantabrian Solutrean. This type of projectile points are characterized from morphological and typometrical parameters. A model is proposed to explain the manufacturing processes and their effect on the archaeological record. From analysis of the BTP are established the ballistics characteristic of this type of tool kit. Its morphology contributes to fix the hypothesis that its possible function can be arrowheads propelled by a bow. The results show that BTP are morphologically and metric well suited to be thrown by a bow. The replicas had a perfect ballistic behaviour, so we can think that the origin of bow can be earlier than traditionally thought.

  4. Gestão de risco e os impactos da instrução normativa CVM nº 550: análise empírica Risk management and the effects of CVM instruction 550: empirical analysis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leonardo Andrade de Almeida Burlá

    2010-08-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho analisa o efeito da instrução normativa CVM 550 sobre a utilização de derivativos e, consequentemente, a gestão de risco das companhias abertas brasileiras. A resolução exige que as empresas apurem por meio do valor de mercado os instrumentos derivativos em suas demonstrações financeiras trimestrais. No entanto, a deliberação não prevê tratamento contábil para tais tipos de instrumentos. Assim, é suposto que o efeito da norma deve afetar dois grupos de usuários de derivativos: os hedgers (EH e os especuladores (IS. Os resultados empíricos mostram que o risco incorrido pelas empresas se refere, basicamente, à taxa de juros e câmbio. Após a adoção da norma, foram encontradas evidências estatísticas que apontam uma diminuição do uso de derivativos para ambos os grupos. As evidências sugerem que a resolução 550 tem incentivado as empresas a contratarem derivativos com mais prudência, o que indica uma mudança na política de gestão de risco. Para o estudo em questão foi utilizada uma amostra de 107 empresas brasileiras pertencentes aos 10 grandes setores econômicos do ICB, em uma janela de dados de 10 anos (1999 a 2009.The present study examines the effect of CVM normative instruction 550 on the use of derivatives and, consequently, on the risk management of Brazilian companies. The instruction requires companies to disclose the fair value of derivative instruments in their quarterly financial statements. However, this resolution does not establish on the accounting treatment for these types of instruments. Thus, it is supposed that the rule should affect both groups of derivatives users, hedgers (EH and speculators (IS. The empirical results show that the risk the companies incur basically refers to the interest rate and exchange rate. After the adoption of the instruction, statistical evidence was found that shows a decrease in derivative use for both groups. The evidence suggests that instruction 550

  5. Dinámica de mesoescala y capturas de atún aleta amarilla en el Pacífico mexicano

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available Se usaron datos de captura de la pesquería de atún aleta amarilla (AAA para estudiar la relación entre la variación estacional y espacial del AAA con la presencia/ausencia de estructuras de mesoescala en la entrada al Golfo de California (19º–24ºN y 104º–112ºW. Las capturas de AAA están distribuidas sobre el talud continental, alrededor de islas y montes submarinos la mayor parte del año. Altas concentraciones de lances ocurren alrededor de las islas Marías y Cabo Corrientes a lo largo del año, particularmente en marzo y junio. En febrero y abril se encontró un flujo de agua caliente (>28ºC con un ancho de 1.5 radios de Rossby (~20.6 km que cubre toda la plataforma continental fuera de Cabo Corrientes. Su velocidad media es 0.31 m s–1 y se extiende al norte del bajo Roca Corbetera. La interacción con el agua fría genera una zona frontal alrededor de la cual se concentran las capturas de AAA. En contraste, durante marzo se observó una región de surgencia costera con temperatura superficial del mar de 18ºC, con un ancho de 3.7 radios de Rossby hacia fuera de la costa y cubriendo 2600 km2. Las capturas de AAA ocurren en agua caliente, hacia el norte de la zona de surgencia.

  6. Auditor’s Competences: an empirical study on the perception of auditees of companies registered on the CVM

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcelo Haendchen Dutra

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available This study aimed examining the perception of auditee in relation to the competences of the independent auditors listed in the literature. To achieve this objective, the first step was developing a structure with forty competencies of the auditor, grouped into: intellectual skills, personal skills, interpersonal and communication skills, organizational and business management skills. A questionnaire was constructed based on the competences contained on the elaborate structure and sent to employees of publicly traded companies registered on the Securities and Exchange Commission (CVM. The results revealed that the perception of auditee in relation to the auditor's competences, considering the average was above 3 (scale 1-5, ranging from 3.03 for “lateral thinking” and 3.98 “loyalty” and “ethical behavior”. Moreover, the perception of the auditee who had contact with auditors of higher levels (Partner and Manager was higher and statistically significant, considering the mean, than perception of those who had contact with auditors at lower levels (Trainee/Assistant, Semi-Senior and Senior/Supervisor. Finally, for the most of competences investigated were not significant differences of perception between auditees who had contact with Big Four auditors only, and those who had contact with non-Big Four auditors.

  7. O PAPEL DA CVM E DA B3 NA IMPLEMENTAÇÃO E DELIMITAÇÃO DO PROGRAMA DE INTEGRIDADE (COMPLIANCE NO BRASIL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    CAROLINE DA ROSA PINHEIRO

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available O trabalho apresenta o conceito de programa de integridade ou “compliance” como é conhecido internacionalmente, refletindo sobre o papel da Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (CVM e da B3 (Brasil, Bolsa e Balcão na implementação e delimitação do instituto no Brasil. Desse modo, também serão analisadas as competências desses órgãos, bem como sua atuação e poderes, com lastro nos diplomas legais e atos administrativos regulatórios. O método científico utilizado é o indutivo, partindo da análise de textos legais, infralegais, julgados administrativos e doutrina. A pesquisa é do tipo bibliográfica e a conclusão alcançada é pessoal, com lastro no material investigatório coligido.

  8. Entrenamiento: “Cambios ontogénicos a la tolerancia de estresores a bajas y altas temperaturas en larvas y juveniles de PBT (Thunnus orientalis).” Nara, Japón 2015

    OpenAIRE

    Villarreal, Yazmin

    2015-01-01

    Dentro de las actividades a desarrollar bajo el marco del Proyecto “Estudio comparativo de la biología reproductiva y del ciclo vital temprano del atún aleta amarilla y el atún aleta azul para el manejo de estos recursos”, se estableció un plan de trabajo, donde incluía el entrenamiento técnico-científico del personal de la Autoridad de los Recursos Acuáticos de Panamá (ARAP). Se acordó las visitas para realizar ensayos con esta especie en las Estaciones de cultivo de atún aleta azul (Thunnus...

  9. Nível de evidenciação obtido na divulgação das notas explicativas de instrumentos financeiros derivativos segundo a deliberação CVM n° 550/08

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nilza Nashiro Florence dos Santos

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available The derivatives market has grown and refi ned in recent years, with the need to regulate this practice through the institutionalization of specifi c notes. Thus, this study aims to analyze the explanatory notes relating to derivative fi nancial instruments of a public company in the food sector of the city of trying to check whether they are appropriate to the quality standards recommended by the CVM. 550 of 17 October 2008. To this end, we carried out a qualitative study of documentary character, the data were analyzed using the technique of content analysis. It was found that the company discloses studied qualitative and quantitative information about its fi nancial instruments and the notes thereto are in accordance with the new guidelines of the CVM, thus improving visibility, but without clear disclosure of all risks inherent in the operations of protection company¿s activity. It is believed that with the emanation of clearer rules for using these instruments there had been a change in the quality of information disclosed is also moving towards greater clarity on the degree of risk exposure of the company at which to invest. We conclude that the effectiveness and implications based on the quality of information that will be brought in view of the institutionalization of norms, are still to come, and thus opens a way to improve education and further studies on the subject, increasingly aligning practices with the Brazilian quantitative and qualitative requirements of international accounting standards (IFRS.

  10. Factors associated with secondhand tobacco smoke in the home: an exploratory cross-sectional study among women in Aleta Wondo, Ethiopia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Petersen, Anne Berit; Thompson, Lisa M; Dadi, Gezahegn Bekele; Tolcha, Alemu; Cataldo, Janine K

    2016-08-31

    In Ethiopia, female smoking rates are currently low (1 %). However, because of male smoking rates (overall 7.7 % and up to 27 % depending on region), women and children's risk of second hand smoke (SHS) exposure is a pressing concern. In order to develop effective public health interventions that prevent the uptake and exposure to smoking, thereby averting the projected increase in tobacco-induced disease, an understanding of Ethiopian women's practices regarding tobacco is needed. The purpose of this study was to explore Ethiopian women's tobacco use and prevalence of SHS exposure, and to identify covariates associated with SHS exposure. We conducted an exploratory cross-sectional study in Southern Ethiopia between August and October 2014, and systematically sampled households in Aleta Wondo town and surrounding districts. Trained interviewers verbally administered surveys to women 18-55 years of age. Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed. None of the 353 participants reported current tobacco use and less than 1 % reported ever use, however, 11 % reported ever use of the stimulant leaf khat. Twenty-seven women (7.6 %) reported living with a tobacco user, however, twice that number (14.4 %) overall, and 22 % of urban participants reported that smoking occurred daily in their home. When controlling for other factors, living with a tobacco user (OR = 9.91, 95 % CI [3.32, 29.59]), allowing smoking in the home (OR = 5.67, 95 % CI [2.51, 12.79]), place of residence (OR = 2.74, 95 % CI [1.11, 6.74)]), and exposure to point-of-sale advertising within the last 30 days (OR = 2.87, 95 % CI [1.26, 6.54]) contributed significantly to a model predicting the likelihood of reporting daily occurrence of smoking/SHS in the home. While few women reported having ever used tobacco, one in seven women in this study reported that smoking/SHS occurred daily in their homes. Therefore SHS exposure is a potential health

  11. Shark fisheries in Central America a review and update.

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    José Rodrigo Rojas M.

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available La demanda por derivados del tiburón, especialmente aletas y cartílago, ha llevado a una expansión de las pesquerías y del comercio a través de la región. El incremento en el esfuerzo pesquero, las escasas referencias biológicas y la falta de manejo, son factores claves que impactan negativamente esta pesquería. Con el fin de contar con información sobre el estado de las poblaciones, zonas de pesca y crianza, aspectos socioeconómicos y medidas necesarias para la conservación, se llevó a cabo esta investigación. Se identificaron 24 especies de importancia comercial, siendo las más importantes: Carcharhinus falciformis y Nasolamia velox (Guatemala, C. falciformis (Nicaragua, C. falciformis y Mustelus dorsalis (Costa Rica, C. obscurus (El Salvador, C. limbatus (Panamá. Los productos comerciales incluyen carne, aleta, aceite, cartílago y piel. Las aletas son el producto de mayor valor (i.e. aletas caudales secas se venden desde $150 a $400/kg en Costa Rica y son exportadas a Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japón y Estados Unidos.

  12. Factors associated with secondhand tobacco smoke in the home: an exploratory cross-sectional study among women in Aleta Wondo, Ethiopia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anne Berit Petersen

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background In Ethiopia, female smoking rates are currently low (1 %. However, because of male smoking rates (overall 7.7 % and up to 27 % depending on region, women and children’s risk of second hand smoke (SHS exposure is a pressing concern. In order to develop effective public health interventions that prevent the uptake and exposure to smoking, thereby averting the projected increase in tobacco-induced disease, an understanding of Ethiopian women’s practices regarding tobacco is needed. The purpose of this study was to explore Ethiopian women’s tobacco use and prevalence of SHS exposure, and to identify covariates associated with SHS exposure. Methods We conducted an exploratory cross-sectional study in Southern Ethiopia between August and October 2014, and systematically sampled households in Aleta Wondo town and surrounding districts. Trained interviewers verbally administered surveys to women 18–55 years of age. Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed. Results None of the 353 participants reported current tobacco use and less than 1 % reported ever use, however, 11 % reported ever use of the stimulant leaf khat. Twenty-seven women (7.6 % reported living with a tobacco user, however, twice that number (14.4 % overall, and 22 % of urban participants reported that smoking occurred daily in their home. When controlling for other factors, living with a tobacco user (OR = 9.91, 95 % CI [3.32, 29.59], allowing smoking in the home (OR = 5.67, 95 % CI [2.51, 12.79], place of residence (OR = 2.74, 95 % CI [1.11, 6.74], and exposure to point-of-sale advertising within the last 30 days (OR = 2.87, 95 % CI [1.26, 6.54] contributed significantly to a model predicting the likelihood of reporting daily occurrence of smoking/SHS in the home. Conclusions While few women reported having ever used tobacco, one in seven women in this study reported that smoking/SHS occurred

  13. UNA NUEVA ESPECIE DE PEZ DEL GÉNERO HEMIBRYCON (CHARACIFORMES: CHARACIDAE DEL ALTO RÍO ATRATO, NOROCCIDENTE DE COLOMBIA

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    ROMÁN-VALENCIA CÉSAR

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available Se describe una nueva especie de Hemibrycon para la cuenca alta del río Atrato,al noroccidente de Colombia. La especie se distingue de sus congéneres por supequeño tamaño (de las órbitas y la parte ventral de la mandíbula superior planos, las mandíbulas noson iguales: la mandíbula superior sobresale con relación a la inferior, aleta pélvicalarga y su extremo alcanza el origen de la aleta anal, bajo número de vértebras yde radios ramifi cados en la aleta anal. Se incluyen datos ecológicos propios delambiente acuático del nuevo taxón y una clave para las especies de Hemibrycon deColombia.

  14. 75 FR 4576 - Veterinary Medicine Advisory Committee; Notice of Meeting

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-28

    ...] Veterinary Medicine Advisory Committee; Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration, HHS. ACTION... Administration (FDA). The meeting will be open to the public. Name of Committee: Veterinary Medicine Advisory... Sindelar, Center for Veterinary Medicine (HFV-3), Food and Drug Administration, 7519 Standish Pl...

  15. A method for selection of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) transportation route considering socioeconomic cost based on contingent valuation method (CVM)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kim, Young Sik

    2008-02-01

    A transportation of SNF may cause an additional radiation exposure to human beings. It means that the radiological risk should be estimated and managed quantitatively for the public who live near the shipments route. Before the SNF transportation is performed, the route selection is concluded based on the radiological risk estimated with RADTRAN code in existing method generally. It means the existing method for route selection is based only on the radiological health risk but there are not only the impacts related to the radiological health risk but also the socioeconomic impacts related to the cost. In this study, a new method and its numerical formula for route selection on transporting SNF is proposed based on cost estimation because there are several costs in transporting SNF. The total cost consists of radiological health cost, transportation cost, and socioeconomic cost. Each cost is defined properly to the characteristics of SNF transportation and many coefficients and variables describing the meaning of each cost are obtained or estimated through many surveys. Especially to get the socioeconomic cost, contingent valuation method (CVM) is used with a questionnaire. The socioeconomic cost estimation is the most important part of the total cost originated from transporting SNF because it is a very dominant cost in the total cost. The route selection regarding SNF transportation can be supported with the proposed method reasonably and unnecessary or exhausting controversies about the shipments could be avoided

  16. Coaching While Coaching: The Functional Relationship of Elbow Coaching on Cooperating Teacher's "e"Coaching, Pre-Service Teacher's Reading Instruction, and Student Outcomes

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jones, Jennie Leigh

    2017-01-01

    Pre-service teachers (PST) clinical experiences are critical for transfering theory to practice (e.g., Brownell, Ross, Colon, and McCallum, 2005) and these experiences require effective mentoring, coaching, and supervision from university supervisors and cooperating teachers (e.g., Leko, Brownell, Sindelar, & Murphy, 2012). Yet, many special…

  17. Experimental characterization of thermal hydraulic performance of louvered brazed plate fin heat exchangers

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    John Turizo-Santos

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Las aletas tipo persianas se utilizan comúnmente en los intercambiadores de calor compactos para aumentar el área de superficie, la turbulencia, y producir una regeneración de la capa límite requerido para mejorar el rendimiento de transferencia de calor sin un aumento significativo en la caída de presión en comparación con otro tipo aletas. Un estudio experimental sobre la transferencia de calor y la caída de presión del lado del aire en aletas tipo persiana con patrón simétrico usada en intercambiadores de calor de placas soldadas, ha sido llevado a cabo. El números de Reynolds osciló entre 350 - 1270, basado en el pitch de la aleta, mientras se mantuvo un caudal de agua constante de 1,82 m 3 /h. La transferencia de calor y caída de presión para la geometría probada se presenta en términos del factor de Colburn (j y el factor de fricción de Fanning (f como función del número de Reynolds. Los resultados experimentales para j y f presentan un comportamiento acorde comparados con los modelos de regresión sugeridos para intercambiadores de calor compactos con aletas tipo persiana y tubos planos, presentando una desviación de 5,48 % y 5,39 % respectivamente. Por otra parte, cuando se compara con el análisis de CFD para la misma geometría, se obtiene una desviación media de 6,3%. Por último, un modelo de regresión para los factores j y f se logró con base en el número de Reynolds, presentando una desviación de 1,51 % y 2,19 % respectivamente.

  18. Cervical vertebral maturation: An objective and transparent code staging system applied to a 6-year longitudinal investigation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Perinetti, Giuseppe; Bianchet, Alberto; Franchi, Lorenzo; Contardo, Luca

    2017-05-01

    To date, little information is available regarding individual cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) morphologic changes. Moreover, contrasting results regarding the repeatability of the CVM method call for the use of objective and transparent reporting procedures. In this study, we used a rigorous morphometric objective CVM code staging system, called the "CVM code" that was applied to a 6-year longitudinal circumpubertal analysis of individual CVM morphologic changes to find cases outside the reported norms and analyze individual maturation processes. From the files of the Oregon Growth Study, 32 subjects (17 boys, 15 girls) with 6 annual lateral cephalograms taken from 10 to 16 years of age were included, for a total of 221 recordings. A customized cephalometric analysis was used, and each recording was converted into a CVM code according to the concavities of cervical vertebrae (C) C2 through C4 and the shapes of C3 and C4. The retrieved CVM codes, either falling within the reported norms (regular cases) or not (exception cases), were also converted into the CVM stages. Overall, 31 exception cases (14%) were seen. with most of them accounting for pubertal CVM stage 4. The overall durations of the CVM stages 2 to 4 were about 1 year, even though only 4 subjects had regular annual durations of CVM stages 2 to 5. Whereas the overall CVM changes are consistent with previous reports, intersubject variability must be considered when dealing with individual treatment timing. Future research on CVM may take advantage of the CVM code system. Copyright © 2017 American Association of Orthodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  19. Traumatismo penetrante facial por arpón. A propósito de un caso

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    Pablo Veiga San Román

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Los traumatismos penetrantes causados por el disparo de un fusil de pesca submarina son extremadamente raros. El tratamiento quirúrgico está condicionado por el «mecanismo de barba», que impide una retirada segura de la flecha en sentido contrario al de su entrada, ya que la aleta del fusil provocaría graves daños. Presentamos un caso clínico y un sistema sencillo de bloqueo del retroceso de la aleta que permitió una retirada segura en sentido retrógrado.

  20. Epidemiology of cardiovascular malformations among newborns in Monchegorsk (north-west Russia: a register-based study

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    Vitaly A. Postoev

    2014-08-01

    Full Text Available Background. Cardiovascular malformations (CVM are one of the most prevalent groups of birth defects. Knowledge about the prevalence, distribution and survival in Russia has been limited. The aim of our study was to assess the perinatal prevalence, structure and risk factors for CVM among newborns in Monchegorsk (Murmansk Oblast, Russia and the mortality among the affected newborns in the period 1973-2008. Design and methods. A register-based study on data from the Kola and Murmansk County Birth Registers. The study included 28,511 births. Results. The registered perinatal prevalence was 3.0 per 1000 newborns, with septal defects as the most prevalent. CVM was twenty times more prevalent among stillborn than live born, and one-third of the live born with a CVM died during the first week of life. The perinatal mortality rate with CVM was 442 per 1000 newborns. This indicator decreased over time. The mothers of newborns with a CVM were ten times more likely to have stillbirth in their anamnesis. The adjusted odds ratio between maternal smoking during pregnancy and CVM was 4.09 [95% confidence interval: 1.75-9.53]. Conclusions. The diagnosed perinatal prevalence was relatively low. A previous stillbirth by the mother was highly associated with being born with a CVM. An adjusted elevated risk was also observed among smoking mothers. Perinatal survival increased over time, but varied to a large extent between the different types of CVM.

  1. Cervical vertebrae maturation method morphologic criteria: poor reproducibility.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nestman, Trenton S; Marshall, Steven D; Qian, Fang; Holton, Nathan; Franciscus, Robert G; Southard, Thomas E

    2011-08-01

    The cervical vertebrae maturation (CVM) method has been advocated as a predictor of peak mandibular growth. A careful review of the literature showed potential methodologic errors that might influence the high reported reproducibility of the CVM method, and we recently established that the reproducibility of the CVM method was poor when these potential errors were eliminated. The purpose of this study was to further investigate the reproducibility of the individual vertebral patterns. In other words, the purpose was to determine which of the individual CVM vertebral patterns could be classified reliably and which could not. Ten practicing orthodontists, trained in the CVM method, evaluated the morphology of cervical vertebrae C2 through C4 from 30 cephalometric radiographs using questions based on the CVM method. The Fleiss kappa statistic was used to assess interobserver agreement when evaluating each cervical vertebrae morphology question for each subject. The Kendall coefficient of concordance was used to assess the level of interobserver agreement when determining a "derived CVM stage" for each subject. Interobserver agreement was high for assessment of the lower borders of C2, C3, and C4 that were either flat or curved in the CVM method, but interobserver agreement was low for assessment of the vertebral bodies of C3 and C4 when they were either trapezoidal, rectangular horizontal, square, or rectangular vertical; this led to the overall poor reproducibility of the CVM method. These findings were reflected in the Fleiss kappa statistic. Furthermore, nearly 30% of the time, individual morphologic criteria could not be combined to generate a final CVM stage because of incompatible responses to the 5 questions. Intraobserver agreement in this study was only 62%, on average, when the inconclusive stagings were excluded as disagreements. Intraobserver agreement was worse (44%) when the inconclusive stagings were included as disagreements. For the group of subjects

  2. Effectiveness of the cervical vertebral maturation method to predict postpeak circumpubertal growth of craniofacial structures.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fudalej, Piotr; Bollen, Anne-Marie

    2010-01-01

    Our aim was to assess effectiveness of the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method to predict circumpubertal craniofacial growth in the postpeak period. The CVM stage was determined in 176 subjects (51 adolescent boys and 125 adolescent girls) on cephalograms taken at the end of treatment (T2; mean ages, 15.75 years [boys] and 15.23 years [girls]) in subjects from the postretention database at the University of Washington in Seattle. Craniofacial growth was evaluated from the following measurements on cephalograms at T2 and end of follow-up (T3) (mean ages, 29.01 years [men] and 28.08 years [women]): condylion to gnathion, condylion to gonion, gonion to gnathion, sella to gnathion, nasion to menton, anterior nasal spine to menton, and sella to gonion. The change of each variable from T2 to T3 was assessed with paired t tests. Parametric (t tests or analysis of variance [ANOVA]) or nonparametric (Mann-Whitney or Kruskal-Wallis) tests were used to detect intergroup differences. One hundred eight subjects (35 boys, 73 girls) demonstrated CVM stage 3, 56 (16 boys, 40 girls) were in CVM stage 4, and 12 (all girls) were in CVM stage 5 at T2. Intrasex comparisons showed that boys in CVM stages 3 and 4 could be differentiated regarding changes of all variables. In the girls, only those in CVM stages 3 and 4 could be differentiated based on the amount of changes of 2 measurements: condylion to gonion and sella to gonion. Intersex comparisons showed that boys in CVM stage 3 had significantly more changes than girls (P <0.01). Boys in CVM stage 4 showed significant differences compared with girls in CVM stage 4 for only 2 variables (sella to gonion and condylion to gonion; P <0.001 and P = 0.012, respectively). The CVM method was modestly effective in determining the amount of postpeak circumpubertal craniofacial growth. Copyright 2010 American Association of Orthodontists. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

  3. Development and testing of the circumvaginal muscles rating scale.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Worth, A M; Dougherty, M C; McKey, P L

    1986-01-01

    The purpose of this research was to develop an instrument for clinical assessment of the circumvaginal muscles (CVM), to test the reliability of the instrument, and to correlate sample characteristics with this instrument. The 9-point CVM Rating Scale is based on four components: pressure, duration, muscle ribbing, and position of the examiner's finger during examination. Reliability of the CVM Rating Scale was ascertained by use of interrater and test-retest reliability. Interrater reliability was tested on two separate occasions, N = 10, rho = 0.6, p less than .04; N = 10, rho = 0.7, p less than .05. A test-retest sequence was conducted 10 days apart, N = 10, rho = 0.9, p less than .003. Results from these tests indicated that the CVM Rating Scale is a reliable instrument for assessing CVM. A convenience sample of 30 women, aged 18-37, in good general health was tested, using the CVM Rating Scale. Women with a history of pelvic floor reconstructive surgery were excluded. A significant positive correlation between self-reported orgasm and the CVM Rating Scale total scores was found, chi 2 = 7.5, p less than .02. No significant correlations were found between age, race, parity, episiotomy, or self-reported Kegel exercises and the CVM Rating Scale total scores. The scale is a cost-effective, time-efficient, systematic assessment, accessible in clinical settings.

  4. Does present use of cardiovascular medication reflect elevated cardiovascular risk scores estimated ten years ago? A population based longitudinal observational study

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Straand Jørund

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background It is desirable that those at highest risk of cardiovascular disease should have priority for preventive measures, eg. treatment with prescription drugs to modify their risk. We wanted to investigate to what extent present use of cardiovascular medication (CVM correlates with cardiovascular risk estimated by three different risk scores (Framingham, SCORE and NORRISK ten years ago. Methods Prospective logitudinal observational study of 20 252 participants in The Hordaland Health Study born 1950-57, not using CVM in 1997-99. Prescription data obtained from The Norwegian Prescription Database in 2008. Results 26% of men and 22% of women aged 51-58 years had started to use some CVM during the previous decade. As a group, persons using CVM scored significantly higher on the risk algorithms Framingham, SCORE and NORRISK compared to those not treated. 16-20% of men and 20-22% of women with risk scores below the high-risk thresholds for the three risk scores were treated with CVM, while 60-65% of men and 25-45% of women with scores above the high-risk thresholds received no treatment. Among women using CVM, only 2.2% (NORRISK, 4.4% (SCORE and 14.5% (Framingham had risk scores above the high-risk values. Low education, poor self-reported general health, muscular pains, mental distress (in females only and a family history of premature cardiovascular disease correlated with use of CVM. Elevated blood pressure was the single factor most strongly predictive of CVM treatment. Conclusion Prescription of CVM to middle-aged individuals by large seems to occur independently of estimated total cardiovascular risk, and this applies especially to females.

  5. Cervical vertebral maturation as a biologic indicator of skeletal maturity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Santiago, Rodrigo César; de Miranda Costa, Luiz Felipe; Vitral, Robert Willer Farinazzo; Fraga, Marcelo Reis; Bolognese, Ana Maria; Maia, Lucianne Cople

    2012-11-01

    To identify and review the literature regarding the reliability of cervical vertebrae maturation (CVM) staging to predict the pubertal spurt. The selection criteria included cross-sectional and longitudinal descriptive studies in humans that evaluated qualitatively or quantitatively the accuracy and reproducibility of the CVM method on lateral cephalometric radiographs, as well as the correlation with a standard method established by hand-wrist radiographs. The searches retrieved 343 unique citations. Twenty-three studies met the inclusion criteria. Six articles had moderate to high scores, while 17 of 23 had low scores. Analysis also showed a moderate to high statistically significant correlation between CVM and hand-wrist maturation methods. There was a moderate to high reproducibility of the CVM method, and only one specific study investigated the accuracy of the CVM index in detecting peak pubertal growth. This systematic review has shown that the studies on CVM method for radiographic assessment of skeletal maturation stages suffer from serious methodological failures. Better-designed studies with adequate accuracy, reproducibility, and correlation analysis, including studies with appropriate sensitivity-specificity analysis, should be performed.

  6. Transverse maxillary deficit and its influence on the cervical vertebrae maturation index.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cossellu, G; Farronato, G; Nicotera, O; Biagi, R

    2016-06-01

    The aim of this study is to evaluate whether a transverse maxillary deficit can cause an alteration of vertebral development and therefore of the skeletal maturation comparing the cervical maturation stages index with the hand-wrist index. For the study were selected 200 patients aged 7-14 years, equally distributed by gender and divided into 100 study subjects with maxillary deficit and 100 controls without maxillary deficit. The skeletal maturation index (SM according to Fishman) was evaluated and compared with the hand-wrist x-rays and the cervical vertebrae maturation (CVM according to Hassel and Farmann). Forty-one per cent of the subjects in the test group show a discrepancy between CVM and SM. Among these 73% (30 subjects) present an advanced stage of CVM compared with the corresponding SM. Only 16% of the subjects in the control group show a discrepancy between CVM and SM. Among these 69% (11 subjects) appear in an advanced CVM stage. The analysis of the CVM stage in subjects with transverse maxillary deficit appears to be altered compared with the SM identified through a hand-wrist x-ray. In the case of individuals with transverse maxillary deficit it is advisable to use also a hand-wrist x-ray, thus not relying only on CVM for the evaluation of the skeletal growth stages.

  7. Modeling neutralization kinetics of HIV by broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies in genital secretions coating the cervicovaginal mucosa.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Scott A McKinley

    Full Text Available Eliciting broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAb in cervicovaginal mucus (CVM represents a promising "first line of defense" strategy to reduce vaginal HIV transmission. However, it remains unclear what levels of bnAb must be present in CVM to effectively reduce infection. We approached this complex question by modeling the dynamic tally of bnAb coverage on HIV. This analysis introduces a critical, timescale-dependent competition: to protect, bnAb must accumulate at sufficient stoichiometry to neutralize HIV faster than virions penetrate CVM and reach target cells. We developed a model that incorporates concentrations and diffusivities of HIV and bnAb in semen and CVM, kinetic rates for binding (kon and unbinding (koff of select bnAb, and physiologically relevant thicknesses of CVM and semen layers. Comprehensive model simulations lead to robust conclusions about neutralization kinetics in CVM. First, due to the limited time virions in semen need to penetrate CVM, substantially greater bnAb concentrations than in vitro estimates must be present in CVM to neutralize HIV. Second, the model predicts that bnAb with more rapid kon, almost independent of koff, should offer greater neutralization potency in vivo. These findings suggest the fastest arriving virions at target cells present the greatest likelihood of infection. It also implies the marked improvements in in vitro neutralization potency of many recently discovered bnAb may not translate to comparable reduction in the bnAb dose needed to confer protection against initial vaginal infections. Our modeling framework offers a valuable tool to gaining quantitative insights into the dynamics of mucosal immunity against HIV and other infectious diseases.

  8. Modeling neutralization kinetics of HIV by broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies in genital secretions coating the cervicovaginal mucosa.

    Science.gov (United States)

    McKinley, Scott A; Chen, Alex; Shi, Feng; Wang, Simi; Mucha, Peter J; Forest, M Gregory; Lai, Samuel K

    2014-01-01

    Eliciting broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAb) in cervicovaginal mucus (CVM) represents a promising "first line of defense" strategy to reduce vaginal HIV transmission. However, it remains unclear what levels of bnAb must be present in CVM to effectively reduce infection. We approached this complex question by modeling the dynamic tally of bnAb coverage on HIV. This analysis introduces a critical, timescale-dependent competition: to protect, bnAb must accumulate at sufficient stoichiometry to neutralize HIV faster than virions penetrate CVM and reach target cells. We developed a model that incorporates concentrations and diffusivities of HIV and bnAb in semen and CVM, kinetic rates for binding (kon) and unbinding (koff) of select bnAb, and physiologically relevant thicknesses of CVM and semen layers. Comprehensive model simulations lead to robust conclusions about neutralization kinetics in CVM. First, due to the limited time virions in semen need to penetrate CVM, substantially greater bnAb concentrations than in vitro estimates must be present in CVM to neutralize HIV. Second, the model predicts that bnAb with more rapid kon, almost independent of koff, should offer greater neutralization potency in vivo. These findings suggest the fastest arriving virions at target cells present the greatest likelihood of infection. It also implies the marked improvements in in vitro neutralization potency of many recently discovered bnAb may not translate to comparable reduction in the bnAb dose needed to confer protection against initial vaginal infections. Our modeling framework offers a valuable tool to gaining quantitative insights into the dynamics of mucosal immunity against HIV and other infectious diseases.

  9. Elimination of hand-wrist radiographs for maturity assessment in children needing orthodontic therapy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Al Khal, Hessa A.; Wong, Ricky W.K.; Rabie, A.B.M.

    2008-01-01

    Our aim was to evaluate the validity of the cervical vertebra maturation (CVM) method as an indicator of skeletal age during the circumpubertal period by correlating the CVM method with the hand-wrist maturation (HWM) method in an attempt to eliminate the need for hand-wrist radiographs for maturity assessment. Hand-wrist and lateral cephalometric radiographs of 400 Chinese were randomly selected. The age for girls was between 10 years and 15 years and for boys it was between 12 years and 17 years, so that they were within the circumpubertal period. The CVM was assessed by a method developed by Baccetti and co-workers, whereas hand-wrist maturation was assessed by Fishman's method. The CVM was significantly correlated with HWM skeletal age. (Spearman's r boys 0.9206, girls = 0.9363). All the patients in cervical vertebra stage 3 (CVS3) of CVM corresponded to skeletal maturation indicator 2 (SMI2) or SMI3 stages of HWM (around the peak of the growth spurt). The method error was insignificant. CVM is a valid indicator of skeletal growth during the circumpubertal period. This work will provide dental practitioners with information on jaw growth modification therapy. (orig.)

  10. Elimination of hand-wrist radiographs for maturity assessment in children needing orthodontic therapy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Al Khal, Hessa A.; Wong, Ricky W.K.; Rabie, A.B.M. [University of Hong Kong, Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Hong Kong (China)

    2008-03-15

    Our aim was to evaluate the validity of the cervical vertebra maturation (CVM) method as an indicator of skeletal age during the circumpubertal period by correlating the CVM method with the hand-wrist maturation (HWM) method in an attempt to eliminate the need for hand-wrist radiographs for maturity assessment. Hand-wrist and lateral cephalometric radiographs of 400 Chinese were randomly selected. The age for girls was between 10 years and 15 years and for boys it was between 12 years and 17 years, so that they were within the circumpubertal period. The CVM was assessed by a method developed by Baccetti and co-workers, whereas hand-wrist maturation was assessed by Fishman's method. The CVM was significantly correlated with HWM skeletal age. (Spearman's r boys = 0.9206, girls = 0.9363). All the patients in cervical vertebra stage 3 (CVS3) of CVM corresponded to skeletal maturation indicator 2 (SMI2) or SMI3 stages of HWM (around the peak of the growth spurt). The method error was insignificant. CVM is a valid indicator of skeletal growth during the circumpubertal period. This work will provide dental practitioners with information on jaw growth modification therapy. (orig.)

  11. The circumvaginal musculature: correlation between pressure and physical assessment.

    Science.gov (United States)

    McKey, P L; Dougherty, M C

    1986-01-01

    This study assessed two recently developed techniques to assess the circumvaginal musculature (CVM), the CVM Rating Scale and the pressure sensitive intravaginal balloon device (IVBD), and correlated results of the two methods. Thirty women volunteers, aged 20 to 42, were studied. CVM Rating Scale total scores and IVBD maximal contraction variables were measured for resting pressure, rate of rise, maximal pressure, rate of return, and time that a submaximal contraction could be sustained (endurance contraction). Age, parity, self-reported orgasm, self-reported Kegel exercises, and self-reported physical exercise were separately correlated with CVM Rating Scale total scores and IVBD maximal pressure results. A positive significant correlation was found between the CVM Rating Scale total scores and the IVBD maximal contraction results for the variables rate of rise, r = .50, p less than .01, maximum pressure, r = .82, p less than .01, and rate of return, r = .44, p less than .01. Self-reported orgasm had a positive significant correlation to the CVM Rating Scale total scores, rho = .34, p less than .05, and to the IVBD maximal pressure results, r = .52, p less than .01. A positive correlation was found between self-reported physical exercise and the CVM Rating Scale total scores, rho = .31, p less than .05. IBVD maximal pressure results were negatively correlated with age, r = -.34, p less than .05, and parity, r = -.34, p less than .05.

  12. Cervical vertebral maturation method and mandibular growth peak: a longitudinal study of diagnostic reliability.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Perinetti, Giuseppe; Primozic, Jasmina; Sharma, Bhavna; Cioffi, Iacopo; Contardo, Luca

    2018-03-28

    The capability of the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method in the identification of the mandibular growth peak on an individual basis remains undetermined. The diagnostic reliability of the six-stage CVM method in the identification of the mandibular growth peak was thus investigated. From the files of the Oregon and Burlington Growth Studies (data obtained between early 1950s and middle 1970s), 50 subjects (26 females, 24 males) with at least seven annual lateral cephalograms taken from 9 to 16 years were identified. Cervical vertebral maturation was assessed according to the CVM code staging system, and mandibular growth was defined as annual increments in Co-Gn distance. A diagnostic reliability analysis was carried out to establish the capability of the circumpubertal CVM stages 2, 3, and 4 in the identification of the imminent mandibular growth peak. Variable durations of each of the CVM stages 2, 3, and 4 were seen. The overall diagnostic accuracy values for the CVM stages 2, 3, and 4 were 0.70, 0.76, and 0.77, respectively. These low values appeared to be due to false positive cases. Secular trends in conjunction with the use of a discrete staging system. In most of the Burlington Growth Study sample, the lateral head film at age 15 was missing. None of the CVM stages 2, 3, and 4 reached a satisfactorily diagnostic reliability in the identification of imminent mandibular growth peak.

  13. Use of cervical vertebral maturation to determine skeletal age.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wong, Ricky W K; Alkhal, Hessa A; Rabie, A Bakr M

    2009-10-01

    The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method as an indicator of skeletal age in the circumpubertal period by correlating it to the hand-wrist method (HWM). Hand-wrist and lateral cephalometric radiographs of 400 Chinese subjects were randomly selected. Their ages were 10 to 15 years for girls and 12 to 17 years for boys, so they were within the circumpubertal period. Skeletal ages were assessed according to the CVM method and the HWM. The CVM was significantly correlated with HWM skeletal age (Spearman r = 0.9521 [boys] and 0.9408 [girls]). All patients in cervical vertebral stage 3 of the CVM corresponded to stages MP3-FG or MP3-G (around the peak of the growth spurt) in the HWM. The CVM is a valid indicator of skeletal growth during the circumpubertal period, providing information for timing of growth modification.

  14. Willingness to pay for public health services in rural Central Java, Indonesia: methodological considerations when using the contingent valuation method.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shono, Aiko; Kondo, Masahide; Ohmae, Hiroshi; Okubo, Ichiro

    2014-06-01

    In the health sectors of low- and middle-income countries, contingent valuation method (CVM) studies on willingness to pay (WTP) have been used to gather information on demand variation or financial perspectives alongside price setting, such as the introduction of user fees and valuation of quality improvements. However, WTP found in most CVM studies have only explored the preferences that consumers express through their WTP without exploring whether they are actually able to pay for it. Therefore, this study examines the issues pertaining to WTP estimation for health services using the conventional CVM. We conducted 202 household interviews in 2008, in which we asked respondents about three types of public health services in Indonesia and assessed WTP estimated by the conventional CVM as well as in the scenario of "resorting to debt" to recognize their budget constraints. We find that all the demand curves for both WTP scenarios show gaps. Furthermore, the gap for midwife services is negatively affected by household income and is larger for the poor. These results prove that CVM studies on WTP do not always reveal WTP in the latter scenario. Those findings suggest that WTP elicited by the conventional CVM is different to that from the maximum price that prevents respondents from resorting to debt as their WTP. In order to bridge this gap in the body of knowledge on this topic, studies should improve the scenarios that CVM analyses use to explore WTP. Furthermore, because valuing or pricing health services based on the results of CVM studies on WTP alone can exacerbate the inequity of access to these services, information provided by such studies requires careful interpretation when used for this purpose, especially for the poor and vulnerable sections of society. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  15. A novel method for rapid and reliable detection of complex vertebral malformation and bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency in Holstein cattle

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zhang Yi

    2012-07-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Complex vertebral malformation (CVM and bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency (BLAD are two autosomal recessive lethal genetic defects frequently occurring in Holstein cattle, identifiable by single nucleotide polymorphisms. The objective of this study is to develop a rapid and reliable genotyping assay to screen the active Holstein sires and determine the carrier frequency of CVM and BLAD in Chinese dairy cattle population. Results We developed real-time PCR-based assays for discrimination of wild-type and defective alleles, so that carriers can be detected. Only one step was required after the DNA extraction from the sample and time consumption was about 2 hours. A total of 587 Chinese Holstein bulls were assayed, and fifty-six CVM-carriers and eight BLAD-carriers were identified, corresponding to heterozygote carrier frequencies of 9.54% and 1.36%, respectively. The pedigree analysis showed that most of the carriers could be traced back to the common ancestry, Osborndale Ivanhoe for BLAD and Pennstate Ivanhoe Star for CVM. Conclusions These results demonstrate that real-time PCR is a simple, rapid and reliable assay for BLAD and CVM defective allele detection. The high frequency of the CVM allele suggests that implementing a routine testing system is necessary to gradually eradicate the deleterious gene from the Chinese Holstein population.

  16. Enhanced Trapping of HIV-1 by Human Cervicovaginal Mucus Is Associated with Lactobacillus crispatus-Dominant Microbiota

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nunn, Kenetta L.; Wang, Ying-Ying; Harit, Dimple; Humphrys, Michael S.; Ma, Bing; Cone, Richard; Ravel, Jacques

    2015-01-01

    ABSTRACT Cervicovaginal mucus (CVM) can provide a barrier that precludes HIV and other sexually transmitted virions from reaching target cells in the vaginal epithelium, thereby preventing or reducing infections. However, the barrier properties of CVM differ from woman to woman, and the causes of these variations are not yet well understood. Using high-resolution particle tracking of fluorescent HIV-1 pseudoviruses, we found that neither pH nor Nugent scores nor total lactic acid levels correlated significantly with virus trapping in unmodified CVM from diverse donors. Surprisingly, HIV-1 was generally trapped in CVM with relatively high concentrations of d-lactic acid and a Lactobacillus crispatus-dominant microbiota. In contrast, a substantial fraction of HIV-1 virions diffused rapidly through CVM with low concentrations of d-lactic acid that had a Lactobacillus iners-dominant microbiota or significant amounts of Gardnerella vaginalis, a bacterium associated with bacterial vaginosis. Our results demonstrate that the vaginal microbiota, including specific species of Lactobacillus, can alter the diffusional barrier properties of CVM against HIV and likely other sexually transmitted viruses and that these microbiota-associated changes may account in part for the elevated risks of HIV acquisition linked to bacterial vaginosis or intermediate vaginal microbiota. PMID:26443453

  17. Genetic variation in VEGF does not contribute significantly to the risk of congenital cardiovascular malformation.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Helen R Griffin

    Full Text Available Several previous studies have investigated the role of common promoter variants in the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF gene in causing congenital cardiovascular malformation (CVM. However, results have been discrepant between studies and no study to date has comprehensively characterised variation throughout the gene. We genotyped 771 CVM cases, of whom 595 had the outflow tract malformation Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF, and carried out TDT and case-control analyses using haplotype-tagging SNPs in VEGF. We carried out a meta-analysis of previous case-control or family-based studies that had typed VEGF promoter SNPs, which included an additional 570 CVM cases. To identify rare variants potentially causative of CVM, we carried out mutation screening in all VEGF exons and splice sites in 93 TOF cases. There was no significant effect of any VEGF haplotype-tagging SNP on the risk of CVM in our analyses of 771 probands. When the results of this and all previous studies were combined, there was no significant effect of the VEGF promoter SNPs rs699947 (OR 1.05 [95% CI 0.95-1.17]; rs1570360 (OR 1.17 [95% CI 0.99-1.26]; and rs2010963 (OR 1.04 [95% CI 0.93-1.16] on the risk of CVM in 1341 cases. Mutation screening of 93 TOF cases revealed no VEGF coding sequence variants and no changes at splice consensus sequences. Genetic variation in VEGF appears to play a small role, if any, in outflow tract CVM susceptibility.

  18. Correlation between chronological age, cervical vertebral maturation and Fishman's skeletal maturity indicators in southern Chinese.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Alkhal, Hessa Abdulla; Wong, Ricky W K; Rabie, A Bakr M

    2008-07-01

    To investigate the correlation between chronological age, cervical vertebral maturation (CVM), and Fishman's hand-wrist skeletal maturity indicators in southern Chinese. Four hundred contemporary hand-wrist and lateral cephalometric radiographs of southern Chinese subjects were randomly selected and analyzed. The female subjects were between 10 and 15 years of age, and the male subjects were between 12 and 17 years of age; all subjects were within the circumpubertal period. The CVM was assessed using the method developed by Baccetti and coworkers, but the hand-wrist maturation was assessed using the method developed by Fishman. These two methods and the chronological age were correlated using the Spearman rank correlation analysis. The CVM was significantly correlated with the hand-wrist skeletal age (Spearman r male = 0.9206, female = 0.9363). All patients in the cervical maturation stage (CS3) of CVM were discovered to be in the skeletal maturational indicator (SMI2 or SMI3) stages of hand-wrist maturation (HWM), which was around the peak of the growth spurt. Low correlations were found between the CVM and chronological age (male r = 0.7577; female r = 0.7877) and between the HWM and chronological age (male r = 0.7492; female r = 0.7758). CVM is a valid indicator of skeletal growth during the circumpubertal and has a high correlation with the HWM for the southern Chinese population. However, the low correlations found between the chronological age and both CVM and HWM showed that the chronological age was not suitable to measure skeletal maturity.

  19. What the Neurosurgeon needs to know about Cerebral Developmental Venous anomalies

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alvis-Miranda Hernando Raphael

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Venous Angiomas or Developmental venous anomalies (DVA are extreme variations of normal transmedullary veins that are necessary for the drainage of white and gray matter, also are one type of cerebrovascular malformation (CVM, sharing category with capillary telangiectesias, cavernous malformations (CM, and arteriovenous malformations (AVM, each of which may also be associated with a DVA. DVA are the most commonly encountered CVM, accounting for up to 60% of all CVM. We present a review of the literatura

  20. [The preliminary study of the efficiency of using cervical vertebral maturation of growth level of female adolescent idiopathic scoliosis].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Di-qing; Chen, Zi-qiang; Li, Ming

    2011-03-01

    To investigate the reliability of cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) and to verify the possibility in the growth evaluation of female adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients as a helpful supplementary to the Risser sign. Coronal and lateral full-length spine X-ray film and left hand-wrist radiographs of 77 female adolescent patients with idiopathic scoliosis were selected from January 2010 to October 2010. The interval period between lateral length of the spine and left hand-wrist radiographs did not exceed 3 months. The CVM was assessed by a method developed by Baccetti and co-workers, whereas hand-wrist maturation was assessed by Fishman's method. The results were analyzed by Spearman correlation with patients Risser sign, chronological age, and menarche period. There were strong correlations between CVM and SMI or Risser sign (r = 0.862 and 0.762, P < 0.01). While in 26 patients whose Risser sign were 0-I, the correlation between CVM and SMI was more pronounced (r = 0.761, P < 0.01), compared with the correlation between Risser sign and SMI (r = 0.641, P < 0.01). CVM is a valid indicator of skeletal growth evaluation and can be used as a helpful supplementary to Risser sign.

  1. Quantitative cervical vertebral maturation assessment in adolescents with normal occlusion: a mixed longitudinal study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Li-Li; Xu, Tian-Min; Jiang, Jiu-Hui; Zhang, Xing-Zhong; Lin, Jiu-Xiang

    2008-12-01

    The purpose of this study was to establish a quantitative cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) system for adolescents with normal occlusion. Mixed longitudinal data were used. The subjects included 87 children and adolescents from 8 to 18 years old with normal occlusion (32 boys, 55 girls) selected from 901 candidates. Sequential lateral cephalograms and hand-wrist films were taken once a year for 6 years. The lateral cephalograms of all subjects were divided into 11 maturation groups according to the Fishman skeletal maturity indicators. The morphologic characteristics of the second, third, and fourth cervical vertebrae at 11 developmental stages were measured and analyzed. Three characteristic parameters (H4/W4, AH3/PH3, @2) were selected to determine the classification of CVM. With 3 morphologic variables, the quantitative CVM system including 4 maturational stages was established. An equation that can accurately estimate the maturation of the cervical vertebrae was established: CVM stage=-4.13+3.57xH4/W4+4.07xAH3/PH3+0.03x@2. The quantitative CVM method is an efficient, objective, and relatively simple approach to assess the level of skeletal maturation during adolescence.

  2. ANATOMÍA Y ONTOGENIA DE SEMILLAS DE HELICTERES LHOTZKYANA (STERCULIACEAE

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    Ana María González

    1997-01-01

    Full Text Available Fueron estudiadas la anatomía y la ontogenia de las semillas de H. Lhotzkyana, con el fin de conocer la estructura y el origen de su aleta. Fueron analizadas semillas maduras de H. baruensis, representante del género, con el fin de comparar los dos tipos de semillas. La exotesta está constituída por esclereidas alargadas longitudinalmente, la endotesta está formada por células parenquimáticas con pequeños grupos de células taníferas.  El principal mechanical layer de la semilla es el exotegmen, formado por macroesclereidas radialmente alargadas, el meso y endotegmen son taniníferos. El presente estudio muestra que la aleta de las semillas de H. Lhotzkyana se desarrolla a partir del rafe, and consists of parenchymatic cells sourronding the rapheal vascular bundle and both sclerenchymatic epidermis

  3. The Cervicovaginal Microbiota in Women Notified for Chlamydia trachomatis Infection: A Case-Control Study at the Sexually Transmitted Infection Outpatient Clinic in Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    van der Veer, Charlotte; Bruisten, Sylvia M.; van der Helm, Jannie J.; de Vries, Henry J. C.; van Houdt, Robin

    2017-01-01

    Background. Increasing evidence suggests that the cervicovaginal microbiota (CVM) plays an important role in acquiring sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Here we study the CVM in a population of women notified by a sex partner for Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Methods. We included 98 women

  4. Pulmonary branch arterial flow can be measured with cine MR velocity mapping

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Caputo, G.R.; Kondo, C.; Masui, T.; Foster, E.; Geraci, S.J.; O'Sullivan, M.; Higgins, C.B.

    1990-01-01

    This paper assesses the capability of cine MR phase velocity mapping (CVM) to measure main, right-sided, and left-sided pulmonary arterial (PA) blood flow. The authors examined a constant-flow phantom and nine healthy volunteers with use of 1.5-T MR imaging system (GE Signa) with phase velocity cine sequences. CVM correctly measured constant-flow phantom velocities (range, 20-190 cm/sec; r = .998, SEE = 4.2 cm/sec), and velocity with use of angulated planes to section the phantom tube perpendicularly. CVM peak systolic main PA velocity (79 cm/sec ± 10) correlated well with Doppler US measurements (80 cm/sec ± 7). CVM main PA flow correlated well with conventional cine MR LV stroke volume measurements (r = .98, SEE = 4.8 mL). Left and right PA flow on the angulated planes were 29 mL ± 7 and 34 mL ± 10, respectively

  5. Effectiveness of the cervical vertebral maturation method to predict postpeak circumpubertal growth of craniofacial structures.

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Fudalej, P.S.; Bollen, A.M.

    2010-01-01

    INTRODUCTION: Our aim was to assess effectiveness of the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method to predict circumpubertal craniofacial growth in the postpeak period. METHODS: The CVM stage was determined in 176 subjects (51 adolescent boys and 125 adolescent girls) on cephalograms taken at the

  6. Successful customer value management : Key lessons and emerging trends

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Verhoef, P.C.; Lemon, Katherine

    In the past decade, firms have paid increasing attention to customer value management (CVM). Through customer-centric management systems, firms aim to maximize customer value. In this article, we put forth six important lessons that firms can employ for successful CVM, integrating available research

  7. Sagittal and Vertical Craniofacial Growth Pattern and Timing of Circumpubertal Skeletal Maturation: A Multiple Regression Study

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Giuseppe Perinetti

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available The knowledge of the associations between the timing of skeletal maturation and craniofacial growth is of primary importance when planning a functional treatment for most of the skeletal malocclusions. This cross-sectional study was thus aimed at evaluating whether sagittal and vertical craniofacial growth has an association with the timing of circumpubertal skeletal maturation. A total of 320 subjects (160 females and 160 males were included in the study (mean age, 12.3±1.7 years; range, 7.6–16.7 years. These subjects were equally distributed in the circumpubertal cervical vertebral maturation (CVM stages 2 to 5. Each CVM stage group also had equal number of females and males. Multiple regression models were run for each CVM stage group to assess the significance of the association of cephalometric parameters (ANB, SN/MP, and NSBa angles with age of attainment of the corresponding CVM stage (in months. Significant associations were seen only for stage 3, where the SN/MP angle was negatively associated with age (β coefficient, −0.7. These results show that hyperdivergent and hypodivergent subjects may have an anticipated and delayed attainment of the pubertal CVM stage 3, respectively. However, such association remains of little entity and it would become clinically relevant only in extreme cases.

  8. Reliability of cervical vertebral maturation staging.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rainey, Billie-Jean; Burnside, Girvan; Harrison, Jayne E

    2016-07-01

    Growth and its prediction are important for the success of many orthodontic treatments. The aim of this study was to determine the reliability of the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method for the assessment of mandibular growth. A group of 20 orthodontic clinicians, inexperienced in CVM staging, was trained to use the improved version of the CVM method for the assessment of mandibular growth with a teaching program. They independently assessed 72 consecutive lateral cephalograms, taken at Liverpool University Dental Hospital, on 2 occasions. The cephalograms were presented in 2 different random orders and interspersed with 11 additional images for standardization. The intraobserver and interobserver agreement values were evaluated using the weighted kappa statistic. The intraobserver and interobserver agreement values were substantial (weighted kappa, 0.6-0.8). The overall intraobserver agreement was 0.70 (SE, 0.01), with average agreement of 89%. The interobserver agreement values were 0.68 (SE, 0.03) for phase 1 and 0.66 (SE, 0.03) for phase 2, with average interobserver agreement of 88%. The intraobserver and interobserver agreement values of classifying the vertebral stages with the CVM method were substantial. These findings demonstrate that this method of CVM classification is reproducible and reliable. Copyright © 2016 American Association of Orthodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  9. Sagittal and Vertical Craniofacial Growth Pattern and Timing of Circumpubertal Skeletal Maturation: A Multiple Regression Study

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rosso, Luigi; Riatti, Riccardo

    2016-01-01

    The knowledge of the associations between the timing of skeletal maturation and craniofacial growth is of primary importance when planning a functional treatment for most of the skeletal malocclusions. This cross-sectional study was thus aimed at evaluating whether sagittal and vertical craniofacial growth has an association with the timing of circumpubertal skeletal maturation. A total of 320 subjects (160 females and 160 males) were included in the study (mean age, 12.3 ± 1.7 years; range, 7.6–16.7 years). These subjects were equally distributed in the circumpubertal cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) stages 2 to 5. Each CVM stage group also had equal number of females and males. Multiple regression models were run for each CVM stage group to assess the significance of the association of cephalometric parameters (ANB, SN/MP, and NSBa angles) with age of attainment of the corresponding CVM stage (in months). Significant associations were seen only for stage 3, where the SN/MP angle was negatively associated with age (β coefficient, −0.7). These results show that hyperdivergent and hypodivergent subjects may have an anticipated and delayed attainment of the pubertal CVM stage 3, respectively. However, such association remains of little entity and it would become clinically relevant only in extreme cases. PMID:27995136

  10. Thermal and friction drop characteristic of heat exchangers with elliptical tubes and smooth fins//Caracterización térmica e hidráulica de intercambiadores de calor con tubos elípticos y aletas lisas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rubén Borrajo-Pérez

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available Pressure drop and heat transfer are the most important parameters in compact heat exchanger. There is a lack of information in the literature about heat exchanger with elliptical tube. The objective of this work was the experimental characterization of compact heat exchangers models using elliptical tube with eccentricity of 0,5 and smooth fins. The Reynolds numbers and the spacing were varied and always inside laminar regime. The experiments were conducted in an open wind tunnel using sublimation of naphthalene and the heat and mass transfer analogy. As results, the average and local Nusselt number and friction factor for 36 models were obtained. Correlations for Colburn and friction factors were presented. This correlations were obtained for 200aleta isotérmica. Son las primeras correlaciones que se aplican a

  11. Characterization of HIV-1 gp120 antibody specificities induced in anogenital secretions of RV144 vaccine recipients after late boost immunizations.

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    Siriwat Akapirat

    Full Text Available Sexual transmission is the principal driver of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV pandemic. Understanding HIV vaccine-induced immune responses at mucosal surfaces can generate hypotheses regarding mechanisms of protection, and may influence vaccine development. The RV144 (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00223080 efficacy trial showed protection against HIV infections but mucosal samples were not collected, therefore, the contribution of mucosal antibodies to preventing HIV-1 acquisition is unknown. Here, we report the generation, magnitude and persistence of antibody responses to recombinant gp120 envelope and antigens including variable one and two loop scaffold antigens (gp70V1V2 previously shown to correlate with risk in RV144. We evaluated antibody responses to gp120 A244gD and gp70V1V2 92TH023 (both CRF01_AE and Case A2 (subtype B in cervico-vaginal mucus (CVM, seminal plasma (SP and rectal secretions (RS from HIV-uninfected RV144 vaccine recipients, who were randomized to receive two late boosts of ALVAC-HIV/AIDSVAX®B/E, AIDSVAX®B/E, or ALVAC-HIV alone at 0 and 6 months. Late vaccine boosting increased IgG geometric mean titers (GMT to gp120 A244gD in AIDSVAX®B/E and ALVAC-HIV/AIDSVAX®B/E CVM (28 and 17 fold, respectively, followed by SP and RS. IgG to gp70V1V2 92TH023 increased in AIDSVAX®B/E and ALVAC-HIV/AIDSVAX®B/E CVM (11-17 fold and SP (2 fold two weeks post first boost. IgG to Case A2 was only detected in AIDSVAX®B/E and ALVAC-HIV/AIDSVAX®B/E CVM. Mucosal IgG to gp120 A244gD (CVM, SP, RS, gp70V1V2 92TH023 (CVM, SP, and Case A2 (CVM correlated with plasma IgG levels (p<0.001. Although the magnitude of IgG responses declined after boosting, anti-gp120 A244gD IgG responses in CVM persisted for 12 months post final vaccination. Further studies in localization, persistence and magnitude of envelope specific antibodies (IgG and dimeric IgA in anogenital secretions will help determine their role in preventing mucosal HIV acquisition.

  12. Continuous Video Modeling to Assist with Completion of Multi-Step Home Living Tasks by Young Adults with Moderate Intellectual Disability

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mechling, Linda C.; Ayres, Kevin M.; Bryant, Kathryn J.; Foster, Ashley L.

    2014-01-01

    The current study evaluated a relatively new video-based procedure, continuous video modeling (CVM), to teach multi-step cleaning tasks to high school students with moderate intellectual disability. CVM in contrast to video modeling and video prompting allows repetition of the video model (looping) as many times as needed while the user completes…

  13. Draft genome sequences of Streptococcus bovis strains ATCC 33317 and JB1

    Science.gov (United States)

    We report the draft genome sequences of Streptococcus bovis type strain ATTC 33317 (CVM42251) isolated from cow dung and strain JB1 (CVM42252) isolated from a cow rumen in 1977. Strains were subjected to Next Generation sequencing and the genome sizes are approximately 2 MB and 2.2 MB, respectively....

  14. Inflammatory responses and side effects generated by several adjuvant-containing vaccines in turbot.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Noia, M; Domínguez, B; Leiro, J; Blanco-Méndez, J; Luzardo-Álvarez, A; Lamas, J

    2014-05-01

    Several of the adjuvants used in fish vaccines cause adhesions in internal organs when they are injected intraperitoneally. We describe the damage caused by vaccines containing different adjuvants in the turbot Scophthalmus maximus and show that internal adhesions can be greatly reduced by injecting the fish in a specific way. Injection of fish with the needle directed towards the anterior part of the peritoneal cavity induced formation of a single cell-vaccine mass (CVM) that became attached to the parietal peritoneum. However, injection of the fish with the needle pointing in the opposite direction generated many small CVM that became attached to the visceral and parietal peritoneum and in some cases caused internal adhesions. We describe the structural and cellular changes in the adjuvant-induced CVMs. The CVMs mainly comprised neutrophils and macrophages, although most of the former underwent apoptosis, which was particularly evident from day 3 post-injection. The apoptotic cells were phagocytosed by macrophages, which were the dominant cell type from the first days onwards. All of the vaccines induced angiogenesis in the area of contact between the CVM and the mesothelium. Vaccines containing oil-based adjuvants or microspheres induced the formation of granulomas in the CVM; however, no granulomas were observed in the CVM induced by vaccines containing aluminium hydroxide or Matrix-Q(®) as adjuvants. All of the vaccines induced strong migration of cells to the peritoneal cavity. Although some of these cells remained unattached in the peritoneal cavity, most of them formed part of the CVM. We also observed migration of the cells from the peritoneal cavity to lymphoid organs, indicating bidirectional traffic of cells between the inflamed areas and these organs. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  15. An Improved TA-SVM Method Without Matrix Inversion and Its Fast Implementation for Nonstationary Datasets.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shi, Yingzhong; Chung, Fu-Lai; Wang, Shitong

    2015-09-01

    Recently, a time-adaptive support vector machine (TA-SVM) is proposed for handling nonstationary datasets. While attractive performance has been reported and the new classifier is distinctive in simultaneously solving several SVM subclassifiers locally and globally by using an elegant SVM formulation in an alternative kernel space, the coupling of subclassifiers brings in the computation of matrix inversion, thus resulting to suffer from high computational burden in large nonstationary dataset applications. To overcome this shortcoming, an improved TA-SVM (ITA-SVM) is proposed using a common vector shared by all the SVM subclassifiers involved. ITA-SVM not only keeps an SVM formulation, but also avoids the computation of matrix inversion. Thus, we can realize its fast version, that is, improved time-adaptive core vector machine (ITA-CVM) for large nonstationary datasets by using the CVM technique. ITA-CVM has the merit of asymptotic linear time complexity for large nonstationary datasets as well as inherits the advantage of TA-SVM. The effectiveness of the proposed classifiers ITA-SVM and ITA-CVM is also experimentally confirmed.

  16. Agreement of Tracing and Direct Viewing Techniques for Cervical Vertebral Maturation Assessment.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wiwatworakul, Opas; Manosudprasit, Montian; Pisek, Poonsak; Chatrchaiwiwatana, Supaporn; Wangsrimongkol, Tasanee

    2015-08-01

    This study aimed to evaluate agreement among three methods for cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) assessment, comprising direct viewing, tracing only, and tracing with digitized points. Two examiners received training and tests of reliability with each CVM method before evaluation of agreement among methods. The subjects were 96 female-cleft lateral cephalometric radiographs (films of eight subjects for each age ranged from seven to 18 years). The examiners interpreted CVM stages of the subjects with four-week interval between uses of each method. The range of weighted kappa values for paired comparisons among the three methods were: 0.96-0.98 for direct viewing and tracing only comparison; 0.93-0.94 for direct viewing and tracing with digitized points comparison; and 0.96-0.97 for tracing only and tracing with digitized points comparison. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) value among the three methods was 0.95. These results indicated very good agreement among methods. Use of direct viewing is suitable for CVM assessment without spending more time for tracing. However, the three methods might be used interchangeably.

  17. Non-Destructive Testing Methods Applied to Multi-Finned SAP Tubing for Nuclear-Fuel Elements; Essais Non Destructifs de Gaines a Ailettes, en Poudre d'Aluminium Frittee, pour Elements Combustibles; Nedestruktivnye metody ispytaniya rebristykh trub iz spechennogo alyuminikiog'o poroshka dlya yadernykh toplivnykh ehlementov; Metodos de Ensayo No Destructivo Aplicados a Tubos de SAP con Aletas Multiples Destinados a Elementos Combustibles

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lund, S. A. [Danish Central Welding Institution, Copenhagen (Denmark); Knudsen, P. [Danish Atomic Energy Commission, Research Establishment, Risoe (Denmark)

    1965-09-15

    Energia Atomica de Dinamarca ha emprendido el estudio de un reactor de potencia con refrigerante organico y moderador de agua pesada. Los correspondientes elementos combustibles consisten en haces de 19 barras formadas por pastillas de dioxido de uranio sinterizado, encerradas en tubos de producto de aluminio sinterizado (SAP), de 2 m de longitud, provistos de aletas helicoidales. Para obtener condiciones optimas de transmision de calor y mantener la integridad del elemento combustible durante el funcionamiento del reactor, es necesario contar con tubos de muy alta calidad. Se citan dos ejemplos que ponen de manifiesto las estrechas tolerancias dimensionales adoptadas. Para asegurar una calidad adecuada de los tubos, se establecio un control de calidad muy estricto, basado en gran medida en la aplicacion de metodos no destructivos. Se describen en esta memoria las tecnicas desarrolladas para medir el espesor de pared y los diametros, y para descubrir defectos. La compleja seccion transversal, con 24 aletas, impide aplicar metodos ultrasonicos o de comentes de Foucault para medir el espesor de la pared. Por consiguiente, se desarrollo un calibre registrador de rayos beta, cuyo funcionamiento se basa en la atenuacion sufrida por la radiacion beta proveniente de una fuente de {sup 90}Sr colocada en el interior del tubo. Para el registro continuo del espesor de la pared del tubo con seccion transversal mas simple, de 12 aletas, se utiliza un metodo ultrasonico de resonancia por inmersion. Los diametros interno y externo (entre puntos de aletas) se registran de manera continua mediante calibres neumaticos rapidos. Las fallas se detectan mediante la tecnica de eco de impulsos ultrasonicos, y examinando los tubos con corrientes de Foucault. El metodo ultrasonico permite descubrir facilmente las fisuras transversales, pero hasta ahora ha sido imposible utilizarlo para la deteccion de defectos longitudinales. Por consiguiente, ademas del ensayo ultrasonico, se aplica el examen con

  18. Estimating the robustness of contingenet valuation estimates of WTP to survey mode and treatment of protest responses.

    Science.gov (United States)

    John Loomis; Armando Gonzalez-Caban; Joseph Champ

    2011-01-01

    Over the past four decades teh contingent valuation method (CVM) has become a technique frequently used by economists to estimate willingness-to-pay (WTP) for improvements in environmental quality and prot3tion of natural resources. The CVM was originall applied to estmate recreation use values (Davis, 1963; Hammack and Brown, 1974)and air quality (Brookshire et al....

  19. Whole exome sequencing in 342 congenital cardiac left sided lesion cases reveals extensive genetic heterogeneity and complex inheritance patterns

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alexander H. Li

    2017-10-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Left-sided lesions (LSLs account for an important fraction of severe congenital cardiovascular malformations (CVMs. The genetic contributions to LSLs are complex, and the mutations that cause these malformations span several diverse biological signaling pathways: TGFB, NOTCH, SHH, and more. Here, we use whole exome sequence data generated in 342 LSL cases to identify likely damaging variants in putative candidate CVM genes. Methods Using a series of bioinformatics filters, we focused on genes harboring population-rare, putative loss-of-function (LOF, and predicted damaging variants in 1760 CVM candidate genes constructed a priori from the literature and model organism databases. Gene variants that were not observed in a comparably sequenced control dataset of 5492 samples without severe CVM were then subjected to targeted validation in cases and parents. Whole exome sequencing data from 4593 individuals referred for clinical sequencing were used to bolster evidence for the role of candidate genes in CVMs and LSLs. Results Our analyses revealed 28 candidate variants in 27 genes, including 17 genes not previously associated with a human CVM disorder, and revealed diverse patterns of inheritance among LOF carriers, including 9 confirmed de novo variants in both novel and newly described human CVM candidate genes (ACVR1, JARID2, NR2F2, PLRG1, SMURF1 as well as established syndromic CVM genes (KMT2D, NF1, TBX20, ZEB2. We also identified two genes (DNAH5, OFD1 with evidence of recessive and hemizygous inheritance patterns, respectively. Within our clinical cohort, we also observed heterozygous LOF variants in JARID2 and SMAD1 in individuals with cardiac phenotypes, and collectively, carriers of LOF variants in our candidate genes had a four times higher odds of having CVM (odds ratio = 4.0, 95% confidence interval 2.5–6.5. Conclusions Our analytical strategy highlights the utility of bioinformatic resources, including human

  20. Final Report. Fisheries research and interannual fluctuation behavior of blue whiting resource

    OpenAIRE

    Céspedes Michea, R.A.

    1997-01-01

    En el presente informe se entregan los resultados obtenidos de las fluctuaciones interanuales del comportamiento de los índices de abundancia relativa de la merluza de tres aletas y la persistencia del patrón de comportamiento migratorio, a partir de los datos obtenidos en una operación de pesca escacomercial.

  1. Venous anomalies and abnormalities of the posterior fossa

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Goulao, A.; Alvarez, H.; Garcia Monaco, R.; Pruvost, P.; Lasjaunias, P.

    1990-01-01

    The authors report a series of 16 patients with venous anomalies or abnormalities of the posterior fossa studied by angiography, CT and/or MRI. We believe that so-called 'venous angioma' are extreme anatomic variants that drain normal territories, and we prefer to call them developmental venous anomalies (DVA). Posterior fossa DVA, like the supra-tentorial ones are classified according to their drainage into deep and superficial type. They are exclusively located in the cerebellum or tectum. In 4 cases DVA was an incidental finding, in 3 an associated cerebral venous malformation (CVM) was found and felt to be the cause of the symptoms and only in one (Trigeminal pain) was a link between both suspected. Cavernous venous malformation (CVM) were found in frequent association with DVA (27%). 4 cases were single and 2 multiple. 5 CVM were located in the brain stem and 3 in the cerebellum. The clinical and radiological files were reviewed and a direct relationship between symptoms and localization was found in all patients with CVM. In 2 cases venous dysplasia was found: 1 Sturge-Weber and 1 First branchial arch syndrome. Both posterior fossa venous abnormalities were incidental findings. (orig.)

  2. New method for evaluation of cervical vertebral maturation based on angular measurements.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Alhadlaq, Adel M; Al-Shayea, Eman I

    2013-04-01

    To investigate the validity of a new approach to assess the cervical vertebral maturation based on angular measurements of the lower border concavity of cervical vertebral bodies. Hand-wrist and lateral cephalometric radiographs of 197 male subjects with age range of 10-15 years attending the orthodontic clinic at King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia were utilized. The study was carried out between September 2009 and May 2011. The study sample was divided into 6 groups (group 1: 10 years to group 6: 15 years) based on the chronological age of the subject. The skeletal age of the subjects was determined using Greulich and Pyle's standard radiographic atlas, and skeletal maturation was assessed by Fishman's skeletal maturity indicators. The cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) of subjects was determined using angular measurements of the second, third, and fourth cervical vertebral bodies. The validity of the newly developed method was assessed by examining the correlation between CVM stages determined by the angular measurements and the skeletal maturation level as determined by the standard hand-wrist methods. A significant correlation (r=0.94) was found between the angular CVM stages and the skeletal age determined by Greulich and Pyle's atlas from hand-wrist radiographs. Also, a high correlation (r=0.94) was found between the angular CVM stages and the Fishman's hand-wrist skeletal maturity indicators. The new angular measurement approach to determine CVM is valid and has the potential to be applied in assessing skeletal maturity level in growing male children.

  3. Evaluación del método de maduración ósea de las vértebras cervicales de Baccetti en pacientes de 8 a 15 años

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Emerik Alvarado Torres

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available El concepto de maduración relaciona la edad biológica del individuo con la edad cronológica pero la variación entre ellas puede ser grande, esto en razón a las diferencias individuales en el ritmo de desarrollo. Durante este proceso los pacientes pueden presentar maduración precoz, normal o tardía. Objetivo: Evaluar el método de maduración ósea de las vértebras cervicales (CVM de Baccetti en una población mexicana. Materiales y métodos: La muestra fue de 298 radiografías laterales de cráneo de las edades de 8 a 15 años. Se realizó la estadística descriptiva y se comparó mediante pruebas de t de Student en cada grupo de edad con los resultados del método CVM. Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias significativas en todos los grupos de la población. En los grupos de 8 y 9 años los estadios de maduración se encontraron adelantados en comparación con dicho método. En la población de mujeres de 10 años se encontró una pausa en el crecimiento, quedando por detrás del mismo grupo de CVM; mientras que en hombres de este grupo de edad también se presenta una pausa hasta llegar a igualarse con el grupo CVM. Los grupos de 11 a 15 años se encontraron retrasados en los estadios de maduración en comparación con el método CVM.. Conclusiones: La maduración ósea se presentó en forma anticipada en relación a los parámetros establecidos en el método CVM por lo que éste no es aplicable a la población estudiada.

  4. Handgrip force steadiness in young and older adults: a reproducibility study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Blomkvist, Andreas W; Eika, Fredrik; de Bruin, Eling D; Andersen, Stig; Jorgensen, Martin

    2018-04-02

    Force steadiness is a quantitative measure of the ability to control muscle tonus. It is an independent predictor of functional performance and has shown to correlate well with different degrees of motor impairment following stroke. Despite being clinically relevant, few studies have assessed the validity of measuring force steadiness. The aim of this study was to explore the reproducibility of handgrip force steadiness, and to assess age difference in steadiness. Intrarater reproducibility (the degree to which a rating gives consistent result on separate occasions) was investigated in a test-retest design with seven days between sessions. Ten young and thirty older adults were recruited and handgrip steadiness was tested at 5%, 10% and 25% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) using Nintendo Wii Balance Board (WBB). Coefficients of variation were calculated from the mean force produced (CVM) and the target force (CVT). Area between the force curve and the target force line (Area) was also calculated. For the older adults we explored reliability using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and agreement using standard error of measurement (SEM), limits of agreement (LOA) and smallest real difference (SRD). A systematic improvement in handgrip steadiness was found between sessions for all measures (CVM, CVT, Area). CVM and CVT at 5% of MVC showed good to high reliability, while Area had poor reliability for all percentages of MVC. Averaged ICC for CVM, CVT and Area was 0.815, 0.806 and 0.464, respectively. Averaged ICC on 5%, 10%, and 25% of MVC was 0.751, 0.667 and 0.668, respectively. Measures of agreement showed similar trends with better results for CVM and CVT than for Area. Young adults had better handgrip steadiness than older adults across all measures. The CVM and CVT measures demonstrated good reproducibility at lower percentages of MVC using the WBB, and could become relevant measures in the clinical setting. The Area measure had poor reproducibility

  5. [Study on the difference of corresponding age at cervical vertebral maturation stages among different skeletal malocclusions].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zuo, Changyan; Cong, Chao; Wang, Shihui; Gu, Yan

    2015-10-01

    To compare the difference of corresponding age at cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) stages among different skeletal malocclusions and provide clinic guideline on optimal treatment timing for skeletal malocclusion. Based on ANB angle, 2 575 cephalograms collected from Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from May, 2006 to November, 2014 were classified into skeletal Class I (ANB 0°~5°, 1 317 subjects), Class II (ANB > 5°, 685 subjects) and Class III (ANB < 0°, 573 subjects) groups. CVM stages were evaluated with the modified version of CVM method. Independent sample t test was performed to analyze the difference of age at different CVM stages among various skeletal groups. Significant gender difference of age was found at CS3 to CS6 for skeletal Class I group (P < 0.05), at CS5 and CS6 for skeletal Class II group (P < 0.05), and at CS3 and CS5 for skeletal Class III group (P < 0.05). At CS3 stage, the average age of male in skeletal Class II and skeletal Class III groups was (11.6 ± 1.5) years old and (10.3 ± 1.9) years old, respectively; the average age of females in those two groups was (11.7 ± 1.3) years old and (9.3 ± 1.5) years old, respectively, and significant difference was found in both comparisons (P < 0.05). Compared average age at CS5 and CS6 between skeletal Class II and skeletal Class III groups [the ages of male was (15.1 ± 1.7) and (16.8 ± 1.6) years old, the ages of male was (14.6 ± 1.2) and (15.7 ± 2.5) years old], significant difference was also found (P < 0.05). Significant gender differences were found when evaluated CVM stage and age in skeletal Class I, II and III groups. Significant differences of age at different CVM stage was noted when skeletal Class II was compared with skeletal Class III groups.

  6. Dieta y ecomorfología de la ictiofauna del arroyo Manantiales, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina Diet and ecomorphology of the ichthyofauna of Manantiales stream, Buenos Aires province, Argentina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eduardo M Fernández

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available Se estudio la correlación entre dieta y morfología de 19 especies de peces del arroyo Manantiales, cabecera del río samborombón, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Las especies fueron clasificadas en cuatro grupos tróficos: carnívoros, omnívoros, insectívoros y detritívoros- alguívoros. Se analizaron 12 atributos ecomor-fológicos relacionados con el uso del hábitat y la alimentación con el fin de distinguir patrones ecomorfológicos de las especies y de las especies con el alimento consumido. Se utilizaron técnicas de análisis univariado y multivariado para determinar agrupamientos de especies utilizando los atributos ecomorfológicos y la dieta como descriptores. Los carnívoros se relacionaron con un buen desarrollo de cabeza, boca, aletas caudal y pectoral; y en general con cuerpos comprimidos. Los omnívoros constituyeron un grupo más heterogéneo. Las formas nectónicas de este grupo se relacionaron con un cuerpo comprimido, ojos laterales y tamaño relativamente pequeño de las aletas pectorales y aleta caudal; las formas nectobentónicas se relacionaron con boca pequeña, cuerpo fusiforme y pedúnculo caudal largo; y las formas bentónicas, con cuerpo deprimido, ojos de posición dorsal, boca ínfera y tubo digestivo largo. La única especie nectónica consumidora de insectos sobre la superficie se caracterizó por un cuerpo fuertemente comprimido, ojos laterales, aleta caudal grande y boca grande orientada hacia arriba. Los detritívoros-alguívoros presentaron un tubo digestivo largo, boca ínfera o terminal y aletas caudales largas. La relación significativa dieta-ecomorfología permite sostener que peces de dieta similar convergen hacia atributos ecomorfológicos comunes.The present study addresses the correlation between diet and morphology of 19 fish species that inhabit the Manantiales stream at the headwaters of the samborombón river, Buenos Aires province, Argentina. The species were classified into four

  7. Correlation between cervical vertebral maturation and chronological age in a group of Iranian females

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Seyed Mohammadreza Safavi

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Background: Correlation between chronological age at different stages of cervical vertebral maturation (CVM is important in clinical orthodontic practice. The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation between CVM stage and chronological age in a group of Iranian female patients. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 196 digital lateral cephalometry of female patients with the age ranged 9-14 years. The CVM stage was determined with two calibrated examiners, using the method developed by Baccetti and its correlation with mean chronological age was assessed by the Spearman rank-order. The intra and inter-agreements were evaluated by weighted Kappa statistics in overall diagnosis of stages, in addition to determination of presence or absent of concavities at the lower border of second, third and fourth cervical vertebrae and the shapes of the third and fourth vertebrae. P < 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: The correlation coefficient between CVM stages and chronological age was relatively low (r = 0.62. The least amount of inter-observer agreement was determined to be at the clinical decision of the shape of the fourth vertebra. Conclusion: Regarding the low reported correlation, the concomitant usage of other skeletal indicators seems necessary for precise determination of physiological age of the patients.

  8. Correlation between cervical vertebral maturation and chronological age in a group of Iranian females

    Science.gov (United States)

    Safavi, Seyed Mohammadreza; Beikaii, Hanie; Hassanizadeh, Raheleh; Younessian, Farnaz; Baghban, Alireza Akbarzadeh

    2015-01-01

    Background: Correlation between chronological age at different stages of cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) is important in clinical orthodontic practice. The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation between CVM stage and chronological age in a group of Iranian female patients. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 196 digital lateral cephalometry of female patients with the age ranged 9-14 years. The CVM stage was determined with two calibrated examiners, using the method developed by Baccetti and its correlation with mean chronological age was assessed by the Spearman rank-order. The intra and inter-agreements were evaluated by weighted Kappa statistics in overall diagnosis of stages, in addition to determination of presence or absent of concavities at the lower border of second, third and fourth cervical vertebrae and the shapes of the third and fourth vertebrae. P < 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: The correlation coefficient between CVM stages and chronological age was relatively low (r = 0.62). The least amount of inter-observer agreement was determined to be at the clinical decision of the shape of the fourth vertebra. Conclusion: Regarding the low reported correlation, the concomitant usage of other skeletal indicators seems necessary for precise determination of physiological age of the patients. PMID:26604958

  9. Correlation between cervical vertebral maturation and chronological age in a group of Iranian females.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Safavi, Seyed Mohammadreza; Beikaii, Hanie; Hassanizadeh, Raheleh; Younessian, Farnaz; Baghban, Alireza Akbarzadeh

    2015-01-01

    Correlation between chronological age at different stages of cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) is important in clinical orthodontic practice. The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation between CVM stage and chronological age in a group of Iranian female patients. This study was conducted on 196 digital lateral cephalometry of female patients with the age ranged 9-14 years. The CVM stage was determined with two calibrated examiners, using the method developed by Baccetti and its correlation with mean chronological age was assessed by the Spearman rank-order. The intra and inter-agreements were evaluated by weighted Kappa statistics in overall diagnosis of stages, in addition to determination of presence or absent of concavities at the lower border of second, third and fourth cervical vertebrae and the shapes of the third and fourth vertebrae. P < 0.05 was considered as significant. The correlation coefficient between CVM stages and chronological age was relatively low (r = 0.62). The least amount of inter-observer agreement was determined to be at the clinical decision of the shape of the fourth vertebra. Regarding the low reported correlation, the concomitant usage of other skeletal indicators seems necessary for precise determination of physiological age of the patients.

  10. Validity and reliability of a method for assessment of cervical vertebral maturation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhao, Xiao-Guang; Lin, Jiuxiang; Jiang, Jiu-Hui; Wang, Qingzhu; Ng, Sut Hong

    2012-03-01

    To evaluate the validity and reliability of the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method with a longitudinal sample. Eighty-six cephalograms from 18 subjects (5 males and 13 females) were selected from the longitudinal database. Total mandibular length was measured on each film; an increased rate served as the gold standard in examination of the validity of the CVM method. Eleven orthodontists, after receiving intensive training in the CVM method, evaluated all films twice. Kendall's W and the weighted kappa statistic were employed. Kendall's W values were higher than 0.8 at both times, indicating strong interobserver reproducibility, but interobserver agreement was documented twice at less than 50%. A wide range of intraobserver agreement was noted (40.7%-79.1%), and substantial intraobserver reproducibility was proved by kappa values (0.53-0.86). With regard to validity, moderate agreement was reported between the gold standard and observer staging at the initial time (kappa values 0.44-0.61). However, agreement seemed to be unacceptable for clinical use, especially in cervical stage 3 (26.8%). Even though the validity and reliability of the CVM method proved statistically acceptable, we suggest that many other growth indicators should be taken into consideration in evaluating adolescent skeletal maturation.

  11. Una nueva especie de Opistognathus (Pisces: Perciformes para la Isla de Gorgona (Pacífico Colombiano

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    Acero P. Arturo

    1993-12-01

    Full Text Available A new species of jawfish, Opistognathus tenmutis, is described from the Colombian island of Gorgona in the Pacific Ocean, based on four specimens. The new species differs from others already described from the westem American coast by the following characters: dorsal fin with eleven spines and thirteen rays, anal fin with three spines and thirteen rays, pectoral fin with 20-21 rays, 41-44 gillrakers in the first arch, violet lines as the main body coloratlon with no spots or ocelli; also, its maximum body size is over 27 cm.Se describe una especie nueva de Opistognáthido, Opistognathus fenmutis, a partir de cuatro ejemplares provenientes de la isla colombiana de Gorgona. La nueva especie difiere de las otras descritas de la costa occidental de América por tener once espinas y trece radios en la aleta dorsal, tres espinas y trece radios en la aleta anal, 20-21 radios pectorales, 41-44 branquiespinas en el primer arco, y una coloración basada en líneas violetas, sin manchas ni ocelos dorsales; además crece por encima de los 27 cm.

  12. Sequence Analysis of IncA/C and IncI1 Plasmids Isolated from Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Newport Using Single-Molecule Real-Time Sequencing.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cao, Guojie; Allard, Marc; Hoffmann, Maria; Muruvanda, Tim; Luo, Yan; Payne, Justin; Meng, Kevin; Zhao, Shaohua; McDermott, Patrick; Brown, Eric; Meng, Jianghong

    2018-04-05

    Multidrug-resistant (MDR) plasmids play an important role in disseminating antimicrobial resistance genes. To elucidate the antimicrobial resistance gene compositions in A/C incompatibility complex (IncA/C) plasmids carried by animal-derived MDR Salmonella Newport, and to investigate the spread mechanism of IncA/C plasmids, this study characterizes the complete nucleotide sequences of IncA/C plasmids by comparative analysis. Complete nucleotide sequencing of plasmids and chromosomes of six MDR Salmonella Newport strains was performed using PacBio RSII. Open reading frames were assigned using prokaryotic genome annotation pipeline (PGAP). To understand genomic diversity and evolutionary relationships among Salmonella Newport IncA/C plasmids, we included three complete IncA/C plasmid sequences with similar backbones from Salmonella Newport and Escherichia coli: pSN254, pAM04528, and peH4H, and additional 200 draft chromosomes. With the exception of canine isolate CVM22462, which contained an additional IncI1 plasmid, each of the six MDR Salmonella Newport strains contained only the IncA/C plasmid. These IncA/C plasmids (including references) ranged in size from 80.1 (pCVM21538) to 176.5 kb (pSN254) and carried various resistance genes. Resistance genes floR, tetA, tetR, strA, strB, sul, and mer were identified in all IncA/C plasmids. Additionally, bla CMY-2 and sugE were present in all IncA/C plasmids, excepting pCVM21538. Plasmid pCVM22462 was capable of being transferred by conjugation. The IncI1 plasmid pCVM22462b in CVM22462 carried bla CMY-2 and sugE. Our data showed that MDR Salmonella Newport strains carrying similar IncA/C plasmids clustered together in the phylogenetic tree using chromosome sequences and the IncA/C plasmids from animal-derived Salmonella Newport contained diverse resistance genes. In the current study, we analyzed genomic diversities and phylogenetic relationships among MDR Salmonella Newport using complete plasmids and chromosome

  13. Assessment of skeletal maturation with permanent mandibular second molar calcification stages among a group of Nepalese orthodontic patients

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Giri J

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available Jamal Giri,1 Basanta Kumar Shrestha,2 Rajiv Yadav,2 Tika Ram Ghimire21Department of Orthodontics, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, 2Department of Dentistry, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal Background: Assessment of growth status of a patient is a key component in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning for growing patients with skeletal discrepancy. Skeletal maturation based on hand-wrist radiograph and cervical vertebral maturation (CVM are commonly used methods of growth assessment. Studies have shown that stages of dental calcification can also be used to assess skeletal maturation status of an individual, whereas other studies have suggested that the relationship between dental calcification and skeletal maturation should be interpreted with caution owing to racial variation. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between permanent mandibular second molar calcification stages and skeletal maturity assessed by CVM among a group of Nepalese orthodontic patients. Materials and methods: One hundred and sixty-eight digital radiographs (84 orthopantomograms and 84 lateral cephalograms were obtained from the records of 84 patients who sought orthodontic treatment in Orthodontic and Dentofacial Orthopaedic Unit, Department of Dentistry, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu. Two parameters were used in this study, namely, CVM stages from lateral cephalogram and Demirjian index (DI stages from orthopantomogram. The evaluation of digital radiographs was carried out on a computer screen with a resolution of 1,280×800 pixels. The association between DI stages of permanent mandibular second molar and CVM stages was assessed. Results: A statistically significant association was found between DI and CVM stages for both male and female subjects with Pearson's contingency coefficient value of 0.751 and 0.766 for male and female subjects, respectively. Conclusion: Skeletal maturation can be reliably assessed with dental calcification

  14. Una nueva especie ecuatoriana del género de peces andinos Grundulus (Characiformes: Characidae

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    César Román-Valencia

    2005-09-01

    Full Text Available Se describe Grundulus quitoensis nueva especie (Characiformes, Characidae proveniente de las Lagunas El Voladero reserva biológica El Angel al norte de Ecuador. El nuevo taxon se distingue de las demás especies por el menor número de radios simples en la aleta anal (tres vs. cuatro a cinco y en las aletas pectorales (uno vs. dos a tres, por el mayor número de dientes en cada dentario (12- 14 vs. 8-10, perfil ventral posterior a la cintura pectoral hasta el origen de la aleta anal plano (vs. curvo, el segundo infraorbital es tres veces más grande que el primero (vs. dos veces más grande, el tercer infraorbital está separado del preopérculo (vs. en contacto con la superficie del preopérculo, dentario presenta cuatro pequeñas fenestras en el margen infero-lateral (vs. uno a dos, el premaxilar presenta un proceso lateral largo (vs. corto, maxilar con dos muescas en la superficie infero-lateral (vs. maxilar con una muesca en la superficie inferolateral.A new Ecuadorian species of the Andean fish genus Grundulus (Characiformes: Characidae. The new species Grundulus quitoensis is described from El Voladero Lake, El Angel Biological Reserve, Northern Ecuador. The new taxon can be distinguished from all congeners by the following characters, respectively: a low number of unbranched rays in the anal fin (three vs. four-five and in pectoral fins (on vs. two - three, a higher number of dentary teeth (12-14 vs. 8-10, a second infraorbital about three times larger than the first (vs. about two times larger, a third infraorbital which is not in contact with the preopercle (vs. in contact with preopercle, the presence of four small fenestrae in the infero-lateral bone dentary (vs. one - two; and a premaxilla which presents a long lateral process (vs. short, a maxilla with two notches in the infero-lateral surface (vs. one notch in the infero-lateral surface. Rev. Biol. Trop. 53(3-4: 537-544. Epub 2005 Oct 3.

  15. The Cluster Variation Method: A Primer for Neuroscientists.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Maren, Alianna J

    2016-09-30

    Effective Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) require that the time-varying activation patterns of 2-D neural ensembles be modelled. The cluster variation method (CVM) offers a means for the characterization of 2-D local pattern distributions. This paper provides neuroscientists and BCI researchers with a CVM tutorial that will help them to understand how the CVM statistical thermodynamics formulation can model 2-D pattern distributions expressing structural and functional dynamics in the brain. The premise is that local-in-time free energy minimization works alongside neural connectivity adaptation, supporting the development and stabilization of consistent stimulus-specific responsive activation patterns. The equilibrium distribution of local patterns, or configuration variables , is defined in terms of a single interaction enthalpy parameter ( h ) for the case of an equiprobable distribution of bistate (neural/neural ensemble) units. Thus, either one enthalpy parameter (or two, for the case of non-equiprobable distribution) yields equilibrium configuration variable values. Modeling 2-D neural activation distribution patterns with the representational layer of a computational engine, we can thus correlate variational free energy minimization with specific configuration variable distributions. The CVM triplet configuration variables also map well to the notion of a M = 3 functional motif. This paper addresses the special case of an equiprobable unit distribution, for which an analytic solution can be found.

  16. Comparison of three methods to assess individual skeletal maturity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pasciuti, Enzo; Franchi, Lorenzo; Baccetti, Tiziano; Milani, Silvano; Farronato, Giampietro

    2013-09-01

    The knowledge of facial growth and development is fundamental to determine the optimal timing for different treatment procedures in the growing patient. To analyze the reproducibility of three methods in assessing individual skeletal maturity, and to evaluate any degree of concordance among them. In all, 100 growing subjects were enrolled to test three methods: the hand-wrist, cervical vertebral maturation (CVM), and medial phalanges of the third finger method (MP3). Four operators determined the skeletal maturity of the subjects to evaluate the reproducibility of each method. After 30 days the operators repeated the analysis to assess the repeatability of each method. Finally, one operator examined all subjects' radiographs to detect any concordance among the three methods. The weighted kappa values for inter-operator variability were 0.94, 0.91, and 0.90, for the WRI, CVM, and MP3 methods, respectively. The weighted kappa values for intra-operator variability were 0.92, 0.91, and 0.92, for the WRI, CVM, and MP3 methods, respectively. The three methods revealed a high degree of repeatability and reproducibility. Complete agreement among the three methods was observed in 70% of the analyzed samples. The CVM method has the advantage of not necessitating an additional radiograph. The MP3 method is a simple and practical alternative as it requires only a standard dental x-ray device.

  17. The Cluster Variation Method: A Primer for Neuroscientists

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alianna J. Maren

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available Effective Brain–Computer Interfaces (BCIs require that the time-varying activation patterns of 2-D neural ensembles be modelled. The cluster variation method (CVM offers a means for the characterization of 2-D local pattern distributions. This paper provides neuroscientists and BCI researchers with a CVM tutorial that will help them to understand how the CVM statistical thermodynamics formulation can model 2-D pattern distributions expressing structural and functional dynamics in the brain. The premise is that local-in-time free energy minimization works alongside neural connectivity adaptation, supporting the development and stabilization of consistent stimulus-specific responsive activation patterns. The equilibrium distribution of local patterns, or configuration variables, is defined in terms of a single interaction enthalpy parameter (h for the case of an equiprobable distribution of bistate (neural/neural ensemble units. Thus, either one enthalpy parameter (or two, for the case of non-equiprobable distribution yields equilibrium configuration variable values. Modeling 2-D neural activation distribution patterns with the representational layer of a computational engine, we can thus correlate variational free energy minimization with specific configuration variable distributions. The CVM triplet configuration variables also map well to the notion of a M = 3 functional motif. This paper addresses the special case of an equiprobable unit distribution, for which an analytic solution can be found.

  18. Determination of combustible volatile matter in coal mine roadway dusts by backscatter of x-rays from a radioisotope source

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ailwood, C.R.; Bunch, K.; Fookes, R.A.; Gravitis, V.L.; Watt, J.S.

    1977-01-01

    The combustible volatile matter in coal mine roadway dusts (CVM) has been determined using x-ray backscatter techniques. The correlation between x-ray and chemical techniques is reasonably good for the 92 samples from collieries on the Bulli seam, and the maximum error expected at the maximum level of 11.5 weight per cent CVM permitted in the N.S.W. Coal Mines Regulation Act, 1912, as amended, is about +- 2.5 weight per cent. This x-ray technique can be used only when the combustible volatile content of the coal matter (CVM) varies within a limited range, and a separate calibration is required for each coal seam. Portable equipment based on a radioisotope x-ray source and digital ratemeter makes possible simple and rapid analysis, and with adaptation to use in coal mines should lead to much more comprehensive testing of roadways and hence improved overall prevention of coal dust explosions. (author)

  19. Langstroth hive construction with cement-vermiculite Construção de colméia Langstroth com cimento-vermiculita

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Cristina Affonso Lorenzon

    2004-12-01

    Full Text Available Exfoliated vermiculite is a light-weight and cheap product that, because of its thermal resistance, has become a valuable insulating material. With regard to its use in beekeeping, this research tested whether the box for honey bees constructed with cement-vermiculite mortar (CVM presents physical characteristics similar to those of wood. The experiment was carried out at Seropédica, RJ, Brazil, for eight months. The cement-vermiculite mortar was compared with a control material (pinewood, in the construction of Langstroth boxes and boards, in a completely randomized design, with respect to thermal control, thermal conductivity and its capacity to absorb and lose water. The production cost for a CVM box was estimated. There were no internal temperature differences between CVM and wooden boxes. Thermal conductivity values for CVM and pinewood were similar. CVM absorbed more water and lost water faster than pinewood. Since CVM boxes can be easily constructed, at a low cost and with similar characteristics as traditional boxes, made of wood, the material can be recommended for use in non-migratory beekeeping.A vermiculita expandida é um material leve, barato e sua resistência térmica permite sua utilização como material isolante. Referente ao seu uso na Apicultura, esta pesquisa testou se a caixa para abelhas melíferas construída com argamassa cimento-vermiculita (ACV apresenta características similares às da madeira. O estudo foi realizado em Seropédica (ERJ, Brasil, durante oito meses. Comparou-se a argamassa com o material controle, que foi a madeira pinho, em caixas de abelhas e em placas, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, quanto ao: controle térmico, a condutividade térmica, a capacidade de absorver e perder água. O custo de produção da caixa ACV para abelhas foi estimado. Não se observaram diferenças da temperatura interna entre as caixas de ACV e de madeira. A condutividade térmica foi similar nas placas de ACV

  20. Valuation approaches to ecosystem goods and services for the National Botanical Garden, Bangladesh

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tahzeeda Jasia

    2018-03-01

    Full Text Available The main attractions of national parks include their scenic beauty, security, wildlife and trees. For preserving and maintaining national parks, an appropriate pricing policy can be used. The current study focuses on using the travel cost method (TCM and contingent valuation method (CVM as a non-market valuation technique to value the National Botanical Garden in Bangladesh, a developing country where little or no previous works of this kind has been conducted before. The main objective of the paper was to suggest an appropriate entrance fee for the park by assessing the willingness to pay (WTP from the TCM and CVM; by determining a revenue maximizing entrance fee from the CVM; and by considering socio-demographics, the characteristics of visits and the motivation of the visitors to preserve the National Botanical Garden. The study sampled 100 visitors. These visitors participated in a survey which consisted of closed questions followed by a semi structured in-depth interview. For data processing, SPSS and Microsoft Excel were used. Based on the travel cost demand function using the TCM, the study found that the amount respondents were willing to pay for entrance was 0.955 US dollars and yearly consumer surplus was 593634.5 USD. From the CVM, it was estimated that the WTP was 0.225 USD for the entrance and revenue maximizing entrance fee was 0.376 USD. Finally, the entrance fee suggested for National Botanical Garden was around 0.225 USD.

  1. Hyphessobrycon taphorni y H. eschwartzae (Teleostei: Characidae dos nuevas especies de peces de la cuenca del río Madre de Dios, Perú Hyphessobrycon taphorni and H. eschwartzae (Teleostei: Characidae two new species of fish in the basin of Madre de Dios river, Peru

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos A. García-Alzate

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available Hyphessobrycon con 129 especies válidas, es un género de peces que presenta una gran diversidad de especies dentro de la ictiofauna neotropical, alcanza su mayor diversidad en la cuenca del Amazonas con alrededor del 70% de estas especies, es altamente apetecido por los acuaristas por su belleza y colorido y aún se están conociendo nuevas especies. Las medidas de los ejemplares se tomaron punto a punto con calibrador digital. Observaciones de las estructuras óseas y de cartílago se hicieron sobre muestras clareadas y teñidas (C&T. Las relaciones morfométricas entre especies fueron exploradas mediante un análisis de componentes principales (ACP en 21 variables. Se des- criben dos especies nuevas, Hyphessobrycon taphorni y H. eschwartzae de la cuenca del río Madre de Dios, Perú. Hyphessobrycon taphorni sp. n. puede distinguirse por: el número de radios de la aleta dorsal (iii, 8, cuatro a cinco escamas con poros en la línea lateral, uno a dos dientes en la fila externa del premaxilar, siete a ocho dientes en la fila interna del premaxilar, por la longitud del pedúnculo caudal (11.4-16.4% LE, por el número de escamas laterales (28- 29; excepto en H. loretoensis con 29-30 y por la ausencia de una mancha humeral (vs. presencia, se diferencia de H. loretoensis por el número de escamas entre la línea lateral y la aleta anal (cuatro vs. tres y los dientes del maxilar (dos vs. tres a cuatro, y se distingue de H. agulha por el número de radios ramificados en las aletas pectorales (11- 12 vs. 9-10. Hyphessobrycon eschwartzae sp. n. puede distinguirse por el número de radios simples en la aleta anal (iv, por 13 a 15 dientes en el dentario; 6 dientes en la fila interna del premaxilar; tres dientes en la fila externa del premaxilar (excepto en H. heterorhabdus y H. loretoensis con tres a cuatro, se diferencia de H. loretoensis por el número: de escamas con poros en la línea lateral (siete vs. nueve a diez; escamas entre la línea lateral

  2. Valuing climate protection through willingness to pay for biomass ethanol

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Solomon, Barry D.; Johnson, Nicholas H.

    2009-01-01

    This study uses a multi-part, split-sample contingent valuation method (CVM) and fair share (FS) survey to better understand the public's valuation of mitigating global climate change through its willingness to pay for biomass or 'cellulosic' ethanol. In addition to a basic CVM question, a related scenario was developed that asked half of the survey respondents to state their fair share cost to lessen a potential food shortage in the next decade, also through the expanded use of cellulosic ethanol. Three alternative biomass feedstocks were assessed: farming residues, forestry residues and paper mill wastes, and municipal solid wastes. Overall a slightly larger proportion of respondents were WTP extra for cellulosic ethanol in the basic CVM scenario than in the FS scenario, though no significant differences were found in the WTP for the different feedstocks. Bid curve lognormal regression results for the two models were similar, supporting the idea that asking a FS rather than a conventional WTP question may be justifiable in some circumstances, such as in cases of a national emergency. (author)

  3. A semi-automated method for bone age assessment using cervical vertebral maturation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Baptista, Roberto S; Quaglio, Camila L; Mourad, Laila M E H; Hummel, Anderson D; Caetano, Cesar Augusto C; Ortolani, Cristina Lúcia F; Pisa, Ivan T

    2012-07-01

    To propose a semi-automated method for pattern classification to predict individuals' stage of growth based on morphologic characteristics that are described in the modified cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method of Baccetti et al. A total of 188 lateral cephalograms were collected, digitized, evaluated manually, and grouped into cervical stages by two expert examiners. Landmarks were located on each image and measured. Three pattern classifiers based on the Naïve Bayes algorithm were built and assessed using a software program. The classifier with the greatest accuracy according to the weighted kappa test was considered best. The classifier showed a weighted kappa coefficient of 0.861 ± 0.020. If an adjacent estimated pre-stage or poststage value was taken to be acceptable, the classifier would show a weighted kappa coefficient of 0.992 ± 0.019. Results from this study show that the proposed semi-automated pattern classification method can help orthodontists identify the stage of CVM. However, additional studies are needed before this semi-automated classification method for CVM assessment can be implemented in clinical practice.

  4. HIV inhibition by lactobacilli: easier in a test tube than in real life.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Witkin, Steven S; Linhares, Iara M

    2015-10-06

    A lactobacillus-dominant vaginal microbiota has been shown to decrease heterosexual HIV transmission. Nunn et al. now report that a vaginal microbiota dominated by Lactobacillus crispatus is associated with a relative inability of HIV pseudoviral particles to transverse cervicovaginal mucus (CVM) in vitro [mBio 6(5):e01084-15, 2015, doi:10.1128/mBio.01084-15]. The purported inhibitory mechanism is the interaction between carboxyl groups present on HIV and in CVM that occurred only under acidic conditions when carboxyl groups were protonated. L. crispatus produces high levels of lactic acid and results in the lowest vaginal pH when it is the dominant vaginal bacterium. In addition, high levels of lactic acid inhibit the proliferation of other bacteria that might negatively affect CVM structure. The utility of enhancing L. crispatus dominance to inhibit HIV transmission awaits assessment of the influence of ejaculated semen on this property and investigations on the role of Lactobacillus products such as d-lactic acid in this property. Copyright © 2015 Witkin and Linhares.

  5. Calorific value of Prosopis africana and Balanites aegyptiaca wood: Relationships with tree growth, wood density and rainfall gradients in the West African Sahel

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Montes, Carmen Sotelo; Weber, John C. [World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Sahel Office, B.P. E 5118 Bamako (Mali); Silva, Dimas Agostinho da; Bolzon de Muniz, Graciela Ines [Universidade Federal do Parana (UFPR), Av. Lothario Meissner, 900, CEP.: 80270-170-Curitiba (Brazil); Garcia, Rosilei A. [Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Instituto de Florestas, Departamento de Produtos Florestais, BR 465, km 07, 23890-000, Seropedica, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)

    2011-01-15

    Prosopis africana and Balanites aegyptiaca are native tree species in the West African Sahel and provide wood for fuel, construction and other essential products. A provenance/progeny test of each species was established at one relatively dry site in Niger, and evaluated at 13 years. Gross calorific value of the wood was determined for a random sample of trees in each test: gross CV and CVm{sup 3} = gross calorific value in MJ kg{sup -1} and MJ m{sup -3}, respectively. The major objectives were to determine if gross CV was positively correlated with wood density and tree growth, and if gross CV and/or CVm{sup 3} varied with rainfall gradients in the sample region. Provenances were grouped into a drier and more humid zone, and correlations were computed among all trees and separately in each zone. Results indicated that gross CV was not significantly correlated with density in either species. Gross CV was positively correlated with growth of P. africana (but not B. aegyptiaca) only in the drier zone. Gross CVm{sup 3} was positively correlated with growth of both species, and the correlations were stronger in the drier zone. Multiple regressions with provenance latitude, longitude and elevation indicated that provenance means for gross CV increased, in general, from the drier to the more humid zones. Regressions with gross CVm{sup 3} were not significant. Results are compared with earlier research reports from the provenance/progeny tests and with other tropical hardwood species; and practical implications are presented for tree improvement and conservation programs in the region. (author)

  6. Cervical vertebral bone mineral density changes in adolescents during orthodontic treatment.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Crawford, Bethany; Kim, Do-Gyoon; Moon, Eun-Sang; Johnson, Elizabeth; Fields, Henry W; Palomo, J Martin; Johnston, William M

    2014-08-01

    The cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) stages have been used to estimate facial growth status. In this study, we examined whether cone-beam computed tomography images can be used to detect changes of CVM-related parameters and bone mineral density distribution in adolescents during orthodontic treatment. Eighty-two cone-beam computed tomography images were obtained from 41 patients before (14.47 ± 1.42 years) and after (16.15 ± 1.38 years) orthodontic treatment. Two cervical vertebral bodies (C2 and C3) were digitally isolated from each image, and their volumes, means, and standard deviations of gray-level histograms were measured. The CVM stages and mandibular lengths were also estimated after converting the cone-beam computed tomography images. Significant changes for the examined variables were detected during the observation period (P ≤0.018) except for C3 vertebral body volume (P = 0.210). The changes of CVM stage had significant positive correlations with those of vertebral body volume (P ≤0.021). The change of the standard deviation of bone mineral density (variability) showed significant correlations with those of vertebral body volume and mandibular length for C2 (P ≤0.029). The means and variability of the gray levels account for bone mineral density and active remodeling, respectively. Our results indicate that bone mineral density distribution and the volume of the cervical vertebral body changed because of active bone remodeling during maturation. Copyright © 2014 American Association of Orthodontists. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

  7. Efecto de la confianza en la lealtad y el eWOM en las comunidades virtuales de marca.

    OpenAIRE

    Anaya-Sanchez, Rafael; Aguilar Illescas, Rocío; Molinillo, Sebastián; Martínez López, Francisco J.

    2017-01-01

    La confianza en la marca y en la Comunidad Virtual de Marca (CVM) pueden contribuir a la generación de lealtad a la marca y eWOM positivo. Sin embargo, no han sido muchos los estudios empíricos que han incluido ambos tipos de confianza en la evaluación de los resultados de las CVM. Por lo tanto, este trabajo tiene como objetivo explorar cómo la confianza en la marca y la confianza en la comunidad influyen en la lealtad y en el eWOM. Para ello se emplearon datos procedentes de una encuesta rea...

  8. Spheno-Occipital Synchondrosis Fusion Correlates with Cervical Vertebrae Maturation.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María José Fernández-Pérez

    Full Text Available The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the closure stage of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis and the maturational stage of the cervical vertebrae (CVM in growing and young adult subjects using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT. CBCT images with an extended field of view obtained from 315 participants (148 females and 167 males; mean age 15.6 ±7.3 years; range 6 to 23 years were analyzed. The fusion status of the synchondrosis was determined using a five-stage scoring system; the vertebral maturational status was evaluated using a six-stage stratification (CVM method. Ordinal regression was used to study the ability of the synchondrosis stage to predict the vertebral maturation stage. Vertebrae and synchondrosis had a strong significant correlation (r = 0.89 that essential was similar for females (r = 0.88 and males (r = 0.89. CVM stage could be accurately predicted from synchondrosis stage by ordinal regression models. Prediction equations of the vertebral stage using synchondrosis stage, sex and biological age as predictors were developed. Thus this investigation demonstrated that the stage of spheno-occipital synchondrosis, as determined in CBCT images, is a reasonable indicator of growth maturation.

  9. Comparison of allele-specific PCR, created restriction-site PCR, and PCR with primer-introduced restriction analysis methods used for screening complex vertebral malformation carriers in Holstein cattle

    Science.gov (United States)

    Altınel, Ahmet

    2017-01-01

    Complex vertebral malformation (CVM) is an inherited, autosomal recessive disorder of Holstein cattle. The aim of this study was to compare sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, accuracy, and rapidity of allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR), created restriction-site PCR (CRS-PCR), and PCR with primer-introduced restriction analysis (PCR-PIRA), three methods used in identification of CVM carriers in a Holstein cattle population. In order to screen for the G>T mutation in the solute carrier family 35 member A3 (SLC35A3) gene, DNA sequencing as the gold standard method was used. The prevalence of carriers and the mutant allele frequency were 3.2% and 0.016, respectively, among Holstein cattle in the Thrace region of Turkey. Among the three methods, the fastest but least accurate was AS-PCR. Although the rapidity of CRS-PCR and PCR-PIRA were nearly equal, the accuracy of PCR-PIRA was higher than that of CRS-PCR. Therefore, among the three methods, PCR-PIRA appears to be the most efficacious for screening of mutant alleles when identifying CVM carriers in a Holstein cattle population. PMID:28927256

  10. Spheno-Occipital Synchondrosis Fusion Correlates with Cervical Vertebrae Maturation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fernández-Pérez, María José; Alarcón, José Antonio; McNamara, James A; Velasco-Torres, Miguel; Benavides, Erika; Galindo-Moreno, Pablo; Catena, Andrés

    2016-01-01

    The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the closure stage of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis and the maturational stage of the cervical vertebrae (CVM) in growing and young adult subjects using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). CBCT images with an extended field of view obtained from 315 participants (148 females and 167 males; mean age 15.6 ±7.3 years; range 6 to 23 years) were analyzed. The fusion status of the synchondrosis was determined using a five-stage scoring system; the vertebral maturational status was evaluated using a six-stage stratification (CVM method). Ordinal regression was used to study the ability of the synchondrosis stage to predict the vertebral maturation stage. Vertebrae and synchondrosis had a strong significant correlation (r = 0.89) that essential was similar for females (r = 0.88) and males (r = 0.89). CVM stage could be accurately predicted from synchondrosis stage by ordinal regression models. Prediction equations of the vertebral stage using synchondrosis stage, sex and biological age as predictors were developed. Thus this investigation demonstrated that the stage of spheno-occipital synchondrosis, as determined in CBCT images, is a reasonable indicator of growth maturation.

  11. Correlation between dental maturity and cervical vertebral maturity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Jianwei; Hu, Haikun; Guo, Jing; Liu, Zeping; Liu, Renkai; Li, Fan; Zou, Shujuan

    2010-12-01

    The aim of this study was to investigate the association between dental and skeletal maturity. Digital panoramic radiographs and lateral skull cephalograms of 302 patients (134 boys and 168 girls, ranging from 8 to 16 years of age) were examined. Dental maturity was assessed by calcification stages of the mandibular canines, first and second premolars, and second molars, whereas skeletal maturity was estimated by the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) stages. The Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient was used to measure the association between CVM stage and dental calcification stage of individual teeth. The mean chronologic age of girls was significantly lower than that of boys in each CVM stage. The Spearman rank-order correlation coefficients between dental maturity and cervical vertebral maturity ranged from 0.391 to 0.582 for girls and from 0.464 to 0.496 for boys (P cervical vertebral maturation stage. The development of the mandibular second molar in females and that of the mandibular canine in males had the strongest correlations with cervical vertebral maturity. Therefore, it is practical to consider the relationship between dental and skeletal maturity when planning orthodontic treatment. Copyright © 2010 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

  12. X-ray total reflection mirrors for coherent illumination

    CERN Document Server

    Ishikawa, T; Yabashi, M; Souvorov, A; Yamauchi, K; Yamamura, K; Mimura, H; Saito, A; Mori, Y

    2002-01-01

    X-ray mirrors for coherent illumination demand much higher surface quality than is achievable with the conventional polishing techniques. Plasma chemical vaporization machining (CVM) and elastic emission machining (EEM) have been applied for x-ray mirror manufacturing. Figure error of a flat silicon single crystal mirrors made with CVM+EEM process was reduced to 2.0 nm peak-to-valley and 0.2 nm RMS. The machining process was also applied to make elliptical mirrors. One-dimensional focusing with a single elliptical mirror showed diffraction-limited properties with the focal width of 200 nm. Two-dimensional focusing with Kirkpatric-Baez configuration gave a focal spot size of 200 nm x 200 nm. (author)

  13. Characterizing and improving generalized belief propagation algorithms on the 2D Edwards–Anderson model

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Domínguez, Eduardo; Lage-Castellanos, Alejandro; Mulet, Roberto; Ricci-Tersenghi, Federico; Rizzo, Tommaso

    2011-01-01

    We study the performance of different message passing algorithms in the two-dimensional Edwards–Anderson model. We show that the standard belief propagation (BP) algorithm converges only at high temperature to a paramagnetic solution. Then, we test a generalized belief propagation (GBP) algorithm, derived from a cluster variational method (CVM) at the plaquette level. We compare its performance with BP and with other algorithms derived under the same approximation: double loop (DL) and a two-way message passing algorithm (HAK). The plaquette-CVM approximation improves BP in at least three ways: the quality of the paramagnetic solution at high temperatures, a better estimate (lower) for the critical temperature, and the fact that the GBP message passing algorithm converges also to nonparamagnetic solutions. The lack of convergence of the standard GBP message passing algorithm at low temperatures seems to be related to the implementation details and not to the appearance of long range order. In fact, we prove that a gauge invariance of the constrained CVM free energy can be exploited to derive a new message passing algorithm which converges at even lower temperatures. In all its region of convergence this new algorithm is faster than HAK and DL by some orders of magnitude

  14. Análisis filogenético y biogeográfico de los peces del genero Diapterus Ranzani, 1842 (percoidei. gerreidae)

    OpenAIRE

    Álvarez Pliego, Nicolas

    2009-01-01

    Los peces del género Diapterus (familia Gerreidae) se distribuyen en los mares tropicales y subtropicales de América. Se distinguen de otros guerreidos por tener aserraciones en el preopérculo, lacrimal sin aserraciones, placas faríngeas con dentición caniniforme, cuerpo romboidal y segunda espina de las aletas dorsal y anal gruesas. El género está conformado por cuatro especies: D. auratus y D. rhombeus, en las costas del Atlántico occidental y D.brevirostris y D. aureolus en las costas del ...

  15. Automated detection of cracks on the faying surface within high-load transfer bolted speciments

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wheatley, Gregory; Kollgaard, Jeffrey R.

    2003-07-01

    Boeing is currently conducting evaluation testing of the Comparative Vacuum Monitoring (CVMTM) system offered by Structural Monitoring Systems, Ltd (SMS). Initial testing has been conducted by SMS, with further test lab validations to be performed at Boeing in Seattle. Testing has been conducted on dog bone type specimens that have been cut at the center line. A notch was cut at one of the bolt holes and a CVM sensor installed on both sides of the plate. The doublers were added and a single line of 4 bolts along the longitudinal center line were used to attach the doubler plates to the dog bone type specimen. In this way, a high load transfer situation exists between the two halves of the dog bone specimen and the doubler plates. The CVM sensors are slightly over 0.004" (0.1mm) in thickness and are installed directly upon the faying surface of the dog bone specimen. Testing was conducted on an Instron 8501 Servohydraulic testing machine at the Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Australia. The standard laboratory equipment offered by Structural Monitoring Systems, Ltd was used for crack detection. This equipment included the Kvac (vacuum supply) and the Sim8 (flow meter). The Sim8 was electrically connected to the Instron machine so that as soon as a crack was detected, fatigue loading was halted. The aim of the experiment was for CVM to detect a crack on the faying surface of the specimens at a length of 0.050" +/- 0.010". This was accomplished successfully. CVM has been developed on the principle that a small volume maintained at a low vacuum is extremely sensitive to any ingress of air. In addition to the load bearing sensors described above, self-adhesive, elastomeric sensors with fine channels on the adhesive face have been developed. When the sensors have been adhered to the structure under test, these fine channels, and the structure itself, form a manifold of galleries alternately at low vacuum and atmospheric pressure

  16. Application of the cluster variation method to ordering in an interstitital solid solution

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Pekelharing, Marjon I.; Böttger, Amarante; Somers, Marcel A. J.

    1999-01-01

    The tetrahedron approximation of the cluster variation method (CVM) was applied to describe the ordering on the fcc interstitial sublattice of gamma-Fe[N] and gamma'-Fe4N1-x. A Lennard-Jones potential was used to describe the dominantly strain-induced interactions, caused by misfitting of the N...... atoms in the interstitial octahedral sites. The gamma-Fe[N]/gamma'-Fe4N1-x miscibility gap, short range ordering (SRO), and long-range ordering (LRO) of nitrogen in gamma-Fe[N] and gamma'-Fe4N1-x, respectively, and lattice parameters of gamma and gamm' were calculated. For the first time, N distribution...... parameters,as calculated by CVM, were compared directly to Mössbauer data for specific surroundings of Fe atoms....

  17. Quantitative Assessment of Cervical Vertebral Maturation Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Korean Girls

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bo-Ram Byun

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available This study was aimed to examine the correlation between skeletal maturation status and parameters from the odontoid process/body of the second vertebra and the bodies of third and fourth cervical vertebrae and simultaneously build multiple regression models to be able to estimate skeletal maturation status in Korean girls. Hand-wrist radiographs and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT images were obtained from 74 Korean girls (6–18 years of age. CBCT-generated cervical vertebral maturation (CVM was used to demarcate the odontoid process and the body of the second cervical vertebra, based on the dentocentral synchondrosis. Correlation coefficient analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used for each parameter of the cervical vertebrae (P<0.05. Forty-seven of 64 parameters from CBCT-generated CVM (independent variables exhibited statistically significant correlations (P<0.05. The multiple regression model with the greatest R2 had six parameters (PH2/W2, UW2/W2, (OH+AH2/LW2, UW3/LW3, D3, and H4/W4 as independent variables with a variance inflation factor (VIF of <2. CBCT-generated CVM was able to include parameters from the second cervical vertebral body and odontoid process, respectively, for the multiple regression models. This suggests that quantitative analysis might be used to estimate skeletal maturation status.

  18. The diagnostic performance of chronologic age in the assessment of skeletal maturity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Baccetti, Tiziano; Franchi, Lorenzo; De Toffol, Laura; Ghiozzi, Bruno; Cozza, Paola

    2006-01-01

    The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between chronologic age the and individual skeletal maturity as assessed by means of the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method during the circumpubertal period. The evaluated sample of 600 subjects consisted of 100 subjects (50 males and 50 females) for each of 6 age groups, from 9 years through 14 years of age. Individual skeletal maturity for all subjects was determined by using the CVM method. The relationship between chronologic age and the most prevalent CVM stage at each age group was evaluated statistically by means of indicators of diagnostic test performance that specify the ability of a diagnostic test to identify a condition. The diagnostic performance of chronologic age for the detection of the onset of the adolescent peak in skeletal maturation was very low both in males and in females. In male subjects, the chronologic age of 9 years +/- 6 months presented with strong diagnostic power for the identification of a pre-pubertal stage in skeletal maturation. In female subjects, the chronologic age of 14 years +/- 6 months corresponded with a strong probability of a postpubertal stage in skeletal maturation. In males, chronologic age can identify a pre-pubertal stage of skeletal development, and in females a post-pubertal stage. In both males and females, chronologic age cannot recognize the onset of the adolescent peak in skeletal maturation.

  19. Applicability of the Calgary-Cambridge Guide to Dog and Cat Owners for Teaching Veterinary Clinical Communications.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Englar, Ryane E; Williams, Melanie; Weingand, Kurt

    2016-01-01

    Effective communication in health care benefits patients. Medical and veterinary schools not only have a responsibility to teach communication skills, the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) Council on Education (COE) requires that communication be taught in all accredited colleges of veterinary medicine. However, the best strategy for designing a communications curriculum is unclear. The Calgary-Cambridge Guide (CCG) is one of many models developed in human medicine as an evidence-based approach to structuring the clinical consultation through 71 communication skills. The model has been revised by Radford et al. (2006) for use in veterinary curricula; however, the best approach for veterinary educators to teach communication remains to be determined. This qualitative study investigated if one adaptation of the CCG currently taught at Midwestern University College of Veterinary Medicine (MWU CVM) fulfills client expectations of what constitutes clinically effective communication. Two focus groups (cat owners and dog owners) were conducted with a total of 13 participants to identify common themes in veterinary communication. Participants compared communication skills they valued to those taught by MWU CVM. The results indicated that while the CCG skills that MWU CVM adopted are applicable to cat and dog owners, they are not comprehensive. Participants expressed the need to expand the skillset to include compassionate transparency and unconditional positive regard. Participants also expressed different communication needs that were attributed to the species of companion animal owned.

  20. Vitrigel-eye irritancy test method using HCE-T cells.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yamaguchi, Hiroyuki; Kojima, Hajime; Takezawa, Toshiaki

    2013-10-01

    We previously reported that the time-dependent relative changes of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) after exposing four different chemicals to a human corneal epithelium (HCE) model were well correlated to the potential of ocular irritancy. Meanwhile, we recently developed a collagen vitrigel membrane (CVM) chamber possessing a scaffold composed of high-density collagen fibrils equivalent to connective tissues in vivo as a three-dimensional culture tool. The CVM chamber is useful for biomedical assays and immunohistology using cryosections that are inappropriate to be performed using the conventional Millicell chamber with a polyethylene terephthalate membrane. In this study, we aimed to develop a new eye irritancy test (EIT) method called "Vitrigel-EIT method" that can facilitate to briefly and accurately estimate the widespread irritancy of test chemicals by applying the TEER assay system to a HCE model fabricated in the CVM chamber. HCE-T cells (a HCE-derived cell strain) were cultured in the CVM chamber for 6 days, and consequently, the Vitrigel-HCE model possessing the following characteristics of HCE in vivo was formed: six cell layers with specific protein expressions and their barrier function. Time-dependent profiles of TEER values after exposing 30 test chemicals to the HCE model were converted into the scores of three indexes (time lag, intensity, and plateau level), and each chemical was successfully classified into irritant or nonirritant category by utilizing the criteria for the indexes, resulting in the excellent correlation with Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) classification (sensitivity: 100%, specificity: 75%, accuracy: 90%). These data suggest that the widespread eye irritancy of chemicals can be predicted without false negatives by the Vitrigel-EIT method. Interestingly, the disruption of tight junctions was immunohistologically observed after exposing not only irritants but also three

  1. Effects of posttreatment skeletal maturity measured with the cervical vertebral maturation method on incisor alignment relapse.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fudalej, Piotr; Rothe, Laura E; Bollen, Anne-Marie

    2008-08-01

    Our aim was to test the hypothesis that relapse of incisor alignment is associated with skeletal maturity at the end of treatment, as assessed with the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method. This was a case-control study with information from the postretention database at the University of Washington. Mandibular incisor irregularity (II) at least 10 years out of retention (T3) was used to define the subjects (II >6 mm, relapse group) and the controls (II 0.05). Pretreatment II and postretention time were found to be correlated with long-term incisor stability (P = 0.007 and 0.034, respectively). Sex was not related to relapse (P = 0.33). Maturity of craniofacial structures at the end of treatment evaluated with the CVM method is not associated with long-term stability of incisor alignment.

  2. Study of different aerodynamics modifications for small axial flow fan

    OpenAIRE

    Bin Abdul Jalil, Anas

    2017-01-01

    En este proyecto, se investigaron los efectos de los álabes en el comportamiento aerodinámico de pequeños ventiladores axiales para disminuir la turbulencia del flujo en su superficie y generalmente para mejorar el rendimiento aerodinámico. Se estudiaron mediante simulación dos modificaciones en la superficie de los alabes de un pequeño ventilador axial (modelo 1, prototipo): la situación de un “winglet” en el extremo del álabe (modelo 2) y el diseño denominado de “aleta de tiburón” (modelo 3...

  3. FREQUENCY OF HEPATIC LIPIDOSIS IN JUVENILE RAINBOW TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS) IN A FISH FARM IN THE PERUVIAN CENTRAL SIERRA

    OpenAIRE

    Rosenthal N., Sandra; Sandoval C., Nieves; Gavidia C., César; Tabacchi N., Luis

    2013-01-01

    El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la frecuencia de lipidosis hepática en la trucha arcoíris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) de fase juvenil en base a lesiones anátomohistopatológicas en el hígado. Se trabajó con 58 peces de una piscigranja comercial de la sierra central del Perú. Los peces fueron clasificados como sanos (n=23) y enfermos (n=35) según el oscurecimiento de la piel y erosión de las aletas. Se colectaron muestras de hígado, que se fijaron en formol al 10% y fueron coloreadas con Hemat...

  4. Animation of Antimicrobial Resistance

    Medline Plus

    Full Text Available ... Animal & Veterinary Safety & Health Antimicrobial Resistance Animation of Antimicrobial Resistance Share Tweet Linkedin Pin it More sharing ... CVM) produced a nine-minute animation explaining how antimicrobial resistance both emerges and proliferates among bacteria. Over ...

  5. Animation of Antimicrobial Resistance

    Medline Plus

    Full Text Available ... Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM) produced a nine-minute animation explaining how ... efforts are underway in both veterinary and human medicine to preserve the effectiveness of these drugs. One ...

  6. Nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery to treat infections in the female reproductive tract: evaluation of experimental systems and the potential for mathematical modeling.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sims, Lee B; Frieboes, Hermann B; Steinbach-Rankins, Jill M

    2018-01-01

    A variety of drug-delivery platforms have been employed to deliver therapeutic agents across cervicovaginal mucus (CVM) and the vaginal mucosa, offering the capability to increase the longevity and retention of active agents to treat infections of the female reproductive tract (FRT). Nanoparticles (NPs) have been shown to improve retention, diffusion, and cell-specific targeting via specific surface modifications, relative to other delivery platforms. In particular, polymeric NPs represent a promising option that has shown improved distribution through the CVM. These NPs are typically fabricated from nontoxic, non-inflammatory, US Food and Drug Administration-approved polymers that improve biocompatibility. This review summarizes recent experimental studies that have evaluated NP transport in the FRT, and highlights research areas that more thoroughly and efficiently inform polymeric NP design, including mathematical modeling. An overview of the in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo NP studies conducted to date - whereby transport parameters are determined, extrapolated, and validated - is presented first. The impact of different NP design features on transport through the FRT is summarized, and gaps that exist due to the limitations of iterative experimentation alone are identified. The potential of mathematical modeling to complement the characterization and evaluation of diffusion and transport of delivery vehicles and active agents through the CVM and mucosa is discussed. Lastly, potential advancements combining experimental and mathematical knowledge are suggested to inform next-generation NP designs, such that infections in the FRT may be more effectively treated.

  7. [WTP guidance technology: a comparison of payment card, single-bounded and double-bounded dichotomous formats for evaluating non-use values of Sanjiang Plain ecotourism water resources].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Hong-Guang; Wang, Qiu-Dan; Li, Chen-Yang

    2014-09-01

    Contingent valuation method (CVM) is the most widespread method to assess resources and value of environmental goods and services. The guidance technology of willingness to pay (WTP) is an important means of CVM. Therefore, the study on the WTP guidance technology is an important approach to improve the reliability and validity of CVM. This article conducted comprehensive evaluation on non-use value of eco-tourism water resources in Sanjiang Plain by using payment card, single-bound dichotomous choice and double-bound dichotomous choice. Results showed that the socio-economic attributes were consistent with the willingness to pay in the three formats, and the tender value, age, educational level, annual income and the concern level had significant effect on the willingness to pay, while gender and job did not have significant influence. The WTP value was 112.46 yuan per capita with the payment card, 136.15 with the single-bound dichotomous choice, and 168.74 with the double-bound dichotomous choice. Comprehensive consideration of the nature of the investigation, investigation costs and statistical techniques, the result of double-bound dichotomous choice (47.86 x 10(8) yuan · a(-1)) was best in accordance with the reality, and could be used as non-use value of eco-tourism water resources in Sanjiang Plain. The format of questionnaire was very important to improve its validity, and made a great influence on the WTP.

  8. Estimating Ecological Value of Small Hydropower Using Contingent Valuation Method: An Application to Tongjiqiao Reservoir in Zhejiang " Province, China

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    Han Hongyun; Zhao Liange; Zhang Tong

    2012-01-01

    The small hydropower (SHP) will be less competitive in the absence of environmental value. The lack of information has become an important obstacle challenging decision-makers in resource-use choices. This paper is an application of contingent valuation method (CVM) in rural China to estimate the willing- ness-to-pay (WTP) for environmental services provided by exiting hydropower station. Using the single-bounded and dichotomous- choice CVM, the ecological value of Tongjiqiao Reservoir (TJQR) is estimated, and the annual mean WTPs of single-bounded and double-bounded CVM estimation are 141.05 and 219.52 Yuan (RMB)/a, respectively. The 95% confidence interval of annual WTP on an average is 118.47, 166.79 Yuan (RMB)/a and 204.41, 236.22 (Yuan RMB)/a, respectively. In contrast, double-bounded model could obtain much more information of WTP of the inves- tigated, thus reducing the confidence interval of estimation, and enhancing the estimation accuracy of the WTP. According to the estimated mean WTP of the double-bounded CVM, the total eco- system service value of the TJQR is 15.54 million Yuan (RMB). Compared with the conventional electricity of fossil power and large hydropower, the SHP will be less competitive in the absence of non-market value, ignoring that the environmental impacts of existing SHP will undermine the healthy development of clean energy sector.

  9. Visual assessment of the cervical vertebral maturation stages: A study of diagnostic accuracy and repeatability.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Perinetti, Giuseppe; Caprioglio, Alberto; Contardo, Luca

    2014-11-01

    To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and repeatability of the visual assessment of the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) stages. Ten operators underwent training sessions in visual assessment of CVM staging. Subsequently, they were asked to stage 72 cases equally divided into the six stages. Such assessment was repeated twice in two sessions (T1 and T2) 4 weeks apart. A reference standard for each case was created according to a cephalometric analysis of both the concavities and shapes of the cervical vertebrae. The overall agreement with the reference standard was about 68% for both sessions and 76.9% for intrarater repeatability. The overall kappa coefficients with the reference standard were up to 0.86 for both sessions, and 0.88 for intrarater repeatability. Overall, disagreements one stage and twp stage apart were 23.5% (T1) and 5.1% (T2), respectively. Sensitivity ranged from 53.3% for CS5 (T1) to 99.9% for CS1 (T2), positive predictive values ranged from 52.4% for CS5 (T2) to 94.3% for CS6 (T1), and accuracy ranged from 83.6% for CS4 (T2) to 94.9% for CS1 (T1). Visual assessment of the CVM stages is accurate and repeatable to a satisfactory level. About one in three cases remain misclassified; disagreement is generally limited to one stage and is mostly seen in stages 4 and 5.

  10. The cervical vertebral maturation method: A user's guide.

    Science.gov (United States)

    McNamara, James A; Franchi, Lorenzo

    2018-03-01

    The cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method is used to determine the craniofacial skeletal maturational stage of an individual at a specific time point during the growth process. This diagnostic approach uses data derived from the second (C2), third (C3), and fourth (C4) cervical vertebrae, as visualized in a two-dimensional lateral cephalogram. Six maturational stages of those three cervical vertebrae can be determined, based on the morphology of their bodies. The first step is to evaluate the inferior border of these vertebral bodies, determining whether they are flat or concave (ie, presence of a visible notch). The second step in the analysis is to evaluate the shape of C3 and C4. These vertebral bodies change in shape in a typical sequence, progressing from trapezoidal to rectangular horizontal, to square, and to rectangular vertical. Typically, cervical stages (CSs) 1 and CS 2 are considered prepubertal, CS 3 and CS 4 circumpubertal, and CS 5 and CS 6 postpubertal. Criticism has been rendered as to the reproducibility of the CVM method. Diminished reliability may be observed at least in part due to the lack of a definitive description of the staging procedure in the literature. Based on the now nearly 20 years of experience in staging cervical vertebrae, this article was prepared as a "user's guide" that describes the CVM stages in detail in attempt to help the reader use this approach in everyday clinical practice.

  11. Valuing the benefits of genetic testing for retinitis pigmentosa: a pilot application of the contingent valuation method.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Eden, Martin; Payne, Katherine; Combs, Ryan M; Hall, Georgina; McAllister, Marion; Black, Graeme C M

    2013-08-01

    Technological advances present an opportunity for more people with, or at risk of, developing retinitis pigmentosa (RP) to be offered genetic testing. Valuation of these tests using current evaluative frameworks is problematic since benefits may be derived from diagnostic information rather than improvements in health. This pilot study aimed to explore if contingent valuation method (CVM) can be used to value the benefits of genetic testing for RP. CVM was used to elicit willingness-to-pay (WTP) values for (1) genetic counselling and (2) genetic counselling with genetic testing. Telephone and face-to-face interviews with a purposive sample of individuals with (n=25), and without (n=27), prior experience of RP were used to explore the feasibility and validity of CVM in this context. Faced with a hypothetical scenario, the majority of participants stated that they would seek genetic counselling and testing in the context of RP. Between participant groups, respondents offered similar justifications for stated WTP values. Overall stated WTP was higher for genetic counselling plus testing (median=£524.00) compared with counselling alone (median=£224.50). Between-group differences in stated WTP were statistically significant; participants with prior knowledge of the condition were willing to pay more for genetic ophthalmology services. Participants were able to attach a monetary value to the perceived potential benefit that genetic testing offered regardless of prior experience of the condition. This exploratory work represents an important step towards evaluating these services using formal cost-benefit analysis.

  12. A Novel Approach to Simulation-Based Education for Veterinary Medical Communication Training Over Eight Consecutive Pre-Clinical Quarters.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Englar, Ryane E

    Experiential learning through the use of standardized patients (SPs) is the primary way by which human medical schools teach clinical communication. The profession of veterinary medicine has followed suit in response to new graduates' and their employers' concerns that veterinary interpersonal skills are weak and unsatisfactory. As a result, standardized clients (SCs) are increasingly relied upon as invaluable teaching tools within veterinary curricula to advance relationship-centered care in the context of a clinical scenario. However, there is little to no uniformity in the approach that various colleges of veterinary medicine take when designing simulation-based education (SBE). A further complication is that programs with pre-conceived curricula must now make room for training in clinical communication. Curricular time constraints challenge veterinary colleges to individually decide how best to utilize SCs in what time is available. Because it is a new program, Midwestern University College of Veterinary Medicine (MWU CVM) has had the flexibility and the freedom to prioritize an innovative approach to SBE. The author discusses the SBE that is currently underway at MWU CVM, which incorporates 27 standardized client encounters over eight consecutive pre-clinical quarters. Prior to entering clinical rotations, MWU CVM students are exposed to a variety of simulation formats, species, clients, settings, presenting complaints, and communication tasks. These represent key learning opportunities for students to practice clinical communication, develop self-awareness, and strategize their approach to future clinical experiences.

  13. Animation of Antimicrobial Resistance

    Medline Plus

    Full Text Available ... Animal & Veterinary Safety & Health Antimicrobial Resistance Animation of Antimicrobial Resistance Share Tweet Linkedin Pin it More sharing options ... CVM) produced a nine-minute animation explaining how antimicrobial resistance both emerges and proliferates among bacteria. Over time, ...

  14. Animation of Antimicrobial Resistance

    Medline Plus

    Full Text Available ... Health and Human Services U.S. Food and Drug Administration A to Z Index Follow FDA En Españ ... Pin it Email Print The Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM) produced a ...

  15. 75 FR 24718 - Guidance for Industry on Documenting Statistical Analysis Programs and Data Files; Availability

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-05-05

    ...] Guidance for Industry on Documenting Statistical Analysis Programs and Data Files; Availability AGENCY... documenting statistical analyses and data files submitted to the Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM) for the... on Documenting Statistical Analysis Programs and Data Files; Availability'' giving interested persons...

  16. TEMPORAL INSENSITIVITY OF PVWTP AND IMPLIED DISCOUNT RATES IN CVM

    OpenAIRE

    Kim, Sooil; Haab, Timothy C.

    2003-01-01

    The sensitivity of WTP is tested in terms of the present value and the implied discount rates are derived by varying the length of benefit and the temporal payment schedules. Results show that holding the length of the project constant, the present value of willingness to pay does not vary significantly across payment schemes (one time payment, versus life of the project, versus perpetuity). Heteroskedasticity of error term over payment schemes fails to be accepted. Holding the payment scheme...

  17. Animation of Antimicrobial Resistance

    Medline Plus

    Full Text Available ... Pin it Email Print The Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM) produced a nine-minute animation explaining how antimicrobial resistance both emerges and proliferates among bacteria. Over time, the use of antimicrobial drugs will result in ...

  18. Análisis de un sistema de almacenamiento de energía térmica usando cloruro de magnesio hexahidratado

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrés Felipe Macía

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Se simuló el comportamiento del cloruro de magnesio hexahidratado (MgCl2*6H2O como almacenador de energía térmica, que posee una temperatura de transición de fase de 117ºC; lo que lo convierte en un material con gran potencial en el área de las aplicaciones de mediana temperatura (aplicaciones industriales. Se desarrolló una simulación CFD usando el software FLUENT para describir la fusión/solidificación de la sal hidratada. Se observó el efecto del uso de aletas y las fuerzas boyantes producidas por los efectos gravitacionales.

  19. Structure and development of the  scales  and  fin  rays  in  vertebrates  and their evolution in sarcopterygians during the "Fish-Tetrapod  Transition"

    OpenAIRE

    Mondéjar Fernández, Jorge

    2012-01-01

    Tesis doctoral inédita cotutelada por el Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Francia) leída 16-11-2012 y la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Fecha de homologación: 30-11-2012 El origen de los tetrápodos y su salida del agua son episodios fundamentales en la historia evolutiva de los vertebrados. La evolución temprana de los tetrápodos se caracteriza por la aparición de los dedos, la reducción de los radios dérmicos de las aletas (lepidotriquias), y la pérdida de las escamas. Sin em...

  20. Application of Cervical Vertebral Maturation Stages Index in Orthodontics

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Z.Dalili

    2005-02-01

    Full Text Available Evaluation of skeletal age and determination of growth status had important and special roie in orthodontic treatment planning (such as functional orthopedic treatment and orthognatic surgery and also in stability of it. There were several biologic indicators for the detection of the peak in mandibular growth. Due to the limitations of biological indicators application, idea of new indicators was seemed importantly. Cervical vertebral maturation (CVM method is one of them. At first the detection of the peak in mandibular growth was based on the analysis of the second through sixth cervical vertebrae in six developmental stages. But a few improvements of the original CVM analysis were still needed. In this method, the peak in mandibular growth was determined based on the analysis of the second through fourth cervical vertebrae in five developmental stages. This method is easy, applicable and more valid than hand-wrist analysis method.

  1. Handgrip force steadiness in young and older adults

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Blomkvist, Andreas W; Eika, Fredrik; de Bruin, Eling D

    2018-01-01

    ) was investigated in a test-retest design with seven days between sessions. Ten young and thirty older adults were recruited and handgrip steadiness was tested at 5%, 10% and 25% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) using Nintendo Wii Balance Board (WBB). Coefficients of variation were calculated from the mean...... force produced (CVM) and the target force (CVT). Area between the force curve and the target force line (Area) was also calculated. For the older adults we explored reliability using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and agreement using standard error of measurement (SEM), limits of agreement......, CVT and Area was 0.815, 0.806 and 0.464, respectively. Averaged ICC on 5%, 10%, and 25% of MVC was 0.751, 0.667 and 0.668, respectively. Measures of agreement showed similar trends with better results for CVM and CVT than for Area. Young adults had better handgrip steadiness than older adults across...

  2. Maturation of the middle phalanx of the third finger and cervical vertebrae: a comparative and diagnostic agreement study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Perinetti, G; Perillo, L; Franchi, L; Di Lenarda, R; Contardo, L

    2014-11-01

    Diagnostic agreement on individual basis between the third middle phalanx maturation (MPM) method and the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method has conjecturally been based mainly on overall correlation analyses. Herein, the true agreement between methods according to stage and sex has been evaluated through a comprehensive diagnostic performance analysis. Four hundred and fifty-one Caucasian subjects were included in the study, 231 females and 220 males (mean age, 12.2 ± 2.5 years; range, 7.0-17.9 years). The X-rays of the middle phalanx of the third finger and the lateral cephalograms were examined for staging by blinded operators, blinded for MPM stages and subjects' age. The MPM and CVM methods based on six stages, two pre-pubertal (1 and 2), two pubertal (3 and 4), and two post-pubertal (5 and 6), were considered. Specifically, for each MPM stage, the diagnostic performance in the identification of the corresponding CVM stage was described by Bayesian statistics. For both sexes, overall agreement was 77.6%. Most of the disagreement was due to 1 stage apart. Slight disagreement was seen for the stages 5 and 6, where the third middle phalanx shows an earlier maturation. The two maturational methods show an overall satisfactorily diagnostic agreement. However, at post-pubertal stages, the middle phalanx of the third finger appears to mature earlier than the cervical vertebrae. Post-pubertal growth phase should thus be based on the presence of stage 6 in MPM. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  3. A comparative study of dentoskeletal changes of herbst appliance treatment among different skeletal maturity groups based on cervical vertebral maturation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bodore K Albaker

    2012-01-01

    exhibited more proclination of the lower incisors than the pre-peak and peak groups (P <0.05. The results suggest that treatment of skeletal Class II malocclusion with the Herbst appliance is best during the peak growth spurt corresponding to CVM Stage 3-4.

  4. The risk of cardiovascular morbidity and cardiovascular mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hermansen, Marie-Louise; Lindhardsen, Jesper; Torp-Pedersen, Christian

    2017-01-01

    Objective: . To assess the role of LN as a risk factor for myocardial infarction (MI), stroke and cardiovascular mortality (CVM) in patients with SLE. Methods: . The study was conducted using individual-level data from multiple nationwide registers. We identified a cohort of patients diagnosed wi...

  5. Effect of tube plugging in the thermalhydraulic performance of 'U' tube steam generators

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Braga, C.V.M.; Carajilescov, P.

    1981-05-01

    The thermalhydraulic performance of Angra II steam generator has been simulated using the model developed by Braga, C.V.M., 'Thermohydraulic model for steam generator of PWR power plants', in steady state, with plugging up to 40% of total number of tubes. (E.G.) [pt

  6. Effect of Lowering Twist Levels on Quality Parameters of Rotor Spun Cotton Yarn

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    FAROOQ AHMED

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available Investigations were made to explore the influence of lowering twist level on quality characteristics of rotor spun yarn. Three levels of yarn linear density (i.e. 40, 35 and 30 tex and five levels of twist (i.e. 700, 600, 550, 500, and 450 were employed during yarn spinning trials. Each twist multiple was investigated at all linear densities for tensile strength, elongation, total CVm (Coefficient of Mass Variation imperfection index and hairiness. 100% cotton yarn samples were prepared on Reiter R-40 at rotor speed of 90,000 rpm. Determination of elongation, yarn strength, hairiness, mass variation, and total imperfections index was carried out on Uster Tensorapid-4 and Uster Tester-4 as per set standards of ISO standard test methods. Based on investigations it is established that yarn strength and elongation declined minutely (Insignificant with lowering twist levels but still can be confidently used for knitting yarns. However, significant improvement in total imperfection index and marginal enhancement in CVm were experienced.

  7. Hybrid method based on embedded coupled simulation of vortex particles in grid based solution

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kornev, Nikolai

    2017-09-01

    The paper presents a novel hybrid approach developed to improve the resolution of concentrated vortices in computational fluid mechanics. The method is based on combination of a grid based and the grid free computational vortex (CVM) methods. The large scale flow structures are simulated on the grid whereas the concentrated structures are modeled using CVM. Due to this combination the advantages of both methods are strengthened whereas the disadvantages are diminished. The procedure of the separation of small concentrated vortices from the large scale ones is based on LES filtering idea. The flow dynamics is governed by two coupled transport equations taking two-way interaction between large and fine structures into account. The fine structures are mapped back to the grid if their size grows due to diffusion. Algorithmic aspects of the hybrid method are discussed. Advantages of the new approach are illustrated on some simple two dimensional canonical flows containing concentrated vortices.

  8. Altering mucus rheology to "solidify" human mucus at the nanoscale.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Samuel K Lai

    Full Text Available The ability of mucus to function as a protective barrier at mucosal surfaces rests on its viscous and elastic properties, which are not well understood at length scales relevant to pathogens and ultrafine environmental particles. Here we report that fresh, undiluted human cervicovaginal mucus (CVM transitions from an impermeable elastic barrier to non-adhesive objects sized 1 microm and larger to a highly permeable viscoelastic liquid to non-adhesive objects smaller than 500 nm in diameter. Addition of a nonionic detergent, present in vaginal gels, lubricants and condoms, caused CVM to behave as an impermeable elastic barrier to 200 and 500 nm particles, suggesting that the dissociation of hydrophobically-bundled mucin fibers created a finer elastic mucin mesh. Surprisingly, the macroscopic viscoelasticity, which is critical to proper mucus function, was unchanged. These findings provide important insight into the nanoscale structural and barrier properties of mucus, and how the penetration of foreign particles across mucus might be inhibited.

  9. 76 FR 6143 - Draft Guidance for Industry on “Target Animal Safety and Effectiveness Protocol Development and...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-02-03

    ... this document is to provide sponsors guidance in preparation of study protocols for review by the Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM), Office of New Animal Drug Evaluation (ONADE), to reduce the time to... Development and Submission.'' The purpose of this document is to provide sponsors guidance in preparation of...

  10. Psychological comorbidities and compliance to interventional treatment of patients with cutaneous vascular malformations.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kenny, Stephanie A; Majeed, Nevin; Zhand, Naista; Glikstein, Rafael; Agid, Ronit; Dos Santos, Marlise P

    2016-08-01

    The aim of this study was to assess qualitatively the psychological stressors affecting patients with cutaneous vascular malformations and hemangiomas (CVM-H) and their impact on compliance to interventional treatment. A retrospective chart review was conducted of all patients with CVM-H treated by interventional neuroradiology at a single academic institution during a five-year period (2009-2014). Psychological complaints were documented during each clinic visit by a neuroradiologist. Compliance to interventional treatment was defined by adherence to the scheduled treatment sessions. Fisher's exact test was used to assess for associations between psychological complaints and compliance. Seventy-five patients were assessed, of whom 49 (65.3%) were female, with an age range of 2-78 years (mean age 30.2 years). All except one patient older than seven years of age (n = 71; 94.6%) had a psychological complaint, including fear of negative appearance (n = 53; 70.6%), dissatisfaction with appearance (n = 46; 61.3%), low self-esteem (n = 35; 46.6%), anxiety (n = 16; 21.3%), stress (n = 13; 17.3%), bullying (n = 5; 6.6%), and low mood (n = 4; 5.3%). Twenty-three (31%) patients were non-compliant. Low self-esteem was significantly associated with non-compliance (p = 0.0381). There is a high prevalence of psychological comorbidities among patients treated for CVM-H. This has potential implications for interventional treatment, as it was found that low self-esteem is significantly associated with non-compliance. These results suggest the need for early psychological support in these patients in order to maximize compliance to interventional treatment. © The Author(s) 2016.

  11. Quantitative skeletal maturation estimation using cone-beam computed tomography-generated cervical vertebral images: a pilot study in 5- to 18-year-old Japanese children.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Byun, Bo-Ram; Kim, Yong-Il; Yamaguchi, Tetsutaro; Maki, Koutaro; Ko, Ching-Chang; Hwang, Dea-Seok; Park, Soo-Byung; Son, Woo-Sung

    2015-11-01

    The purpose of this study was to establish multivariable regression models for the estimation of skeletal maturation status in Japanese boys and girls using the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-based cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) assessment method and hand-wrist radiography. The analyzed sample consisted of hand-wrist radiographs and CBCT images from 47 boys and 57 girls. To quantitatively evaluate the correlation between the skeletal maturation status and measurement ratios, a CBCT-based CVM assessment method was applied to the second, third, and fourth cervical vertebrae. Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis and multivariable regression analysis were used to determine the ratios for each of the cervical vertebrae (p maturation status according to the CBCT-based quantitative cervical vertebral maturation (QCVM) assessment was 5.90 + 99.11 × AH3/W3 - 14.88 × (OH2 + AH2)/W2 + 13.24 × D2; for the Japanese girls, it was 41.39 + 59.52 × AH3/W3 - 15.88 × (OH2 + PH2)/W2 + 10.93 × D2. The CBCT-generated CVM images proved very useful to the definition of the cervical vertebral body and the odontoid process. The newly developed CBCT-based QCVM assessment method showed a high correlation between the derived ratios from the second cervical vertebral body and odontoid process. There are high correlations between the skeletal maturation status and the ratios of the second cervical vertebra based on the remnant of dentocentral synchondrosis.

  12. First observations of the bigfin squid Magnapinna sp. in the Colombian Southern Caribbean.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Guerrero-Kommritz, Jurgen; Cantera, Jaime; Puentes, Vladimir; Leon, Jorge

    2018-01-01

    Herein, first observations are reported of Magnapinna squids in the Colombian Southern Caribbean. Two specimens were observed by Remote Operated Vehicles (ROV) during exploratory drilling surveys for hydrocarbons at 1,883 and 2,294 m depth. These are the first observations of specimens of Magnapinna in the Southern Caribbean. Resumen La primera observación del calamar Magnapinna sp. en el caribe sur colombiano. Dos especímenes de calamares de aleta grande fueron observados con submarino de operación remota (ROV) durante un proyecto de perforación exploratoria de hidrocaburos a profundidades de 1,883 y de 2,294 m, respectivamente. Estas son las primeras observaciones de especímenes de Magnapinna en el Caribe Sur.

  13. Comparison of the Effects of Continuous Video Modeling, Video Prompting, and Video Modeling on Task Completion by Young Adults with Moderate Intellectual Disability

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mechling, Linda C.; Ayres, Kevin M.; Bryant, Kathryn J.; Foster, Ashley L.

    2014-01-01

    This study compared the effects of three procedures (video prompting: VP, video modeling: VM, and continuous video modeling: CVM) on task completion by three high school students with moderate intellectual disability. The comparison was made across three sets of fundamentally different tasks (putting away household items in clusters of two items;…

  14. 75 FR 6035 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposed Collection; Comment Request; Guidance for...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-02-05

    ... How to Use E-Mail to Submit a Request for a Meeting or Teleconference in Electronic Format to The... requirements regarding how to use e-mail to submit a request for a meeting or teleconference in electronic format to the Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM). DATES: Submit written or electronic comments on the...

  15. Evolution of ANB and SN-GoGn angles during craniofacial growth: A retrospective longitudinal study

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rodrigo Oyonarte

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the evolution of the ANB and SN-GoGn angles throughout development, in a longitudinal sample of Caucasian patients. Materials and Methods: Historical cephalometric records from North American individuals available at the American Association of Orthodontists Foundation Craniofacial Legacy Growth Collection website were used to carry out an exploratory longitudinal study. Lateral cephalometric radiographs of orthodontically untreated males and females were included. Individuals with three or more longitudinal cephalometric records at pre- and post-pubertal stages, with at least one postpubertal radiograph available in vertebral cervical maturation stage (cervical vertebral maturation 5 or 6, were selected. Seventy-one individuals met the inclusion criteria. ANB, SNA, SNB, and SN-GoGn angles were measured. Individuals were classified according to the latest postpubertal ANB angle available and grouped by CVM. Descriptive statistics were obtained for the cephalometric variables, and differences between genders were analyzed. Results: Forty-five individuals were classified as skeletal Class I at the end of growth, 17 as Class II, and 9 as Class III. ANB values decrease as growth occurs in every group (average ANB decrease between the stages CVM 1 and 6: Class I - 1.5°, Class II - 0.7°, and Class III - 3.1°. For SN-GoGn angle, a constant reduction was observed as skeletal maturation increased (Average SN-GoGn decrease between the stages CVM 1 and 6: Class I - 4°, Class II - 2.5°, and Class III - 4.9°. Conclusions: ANB and SN-GoGn angles decrease during growth. The magnitude varies depending on individual sagittal characteristics, Class III individuals displaying the greatest reduction, and Class II individuals the least.

  16. Serum IGF-1, IGFBP-3 and their ratio: Potential biochemical growth maturity indicators.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jain, Nimisha; Tripathi, Tulika; Gupta, S K; Rai, Priyank; Kanase, Anup; Kalra, Shilpa

    2017-12-01

    Determination of skeletal maturation and remaining growth potential is an essential part of treatment planning in orthodontics. The aim of our study was to determine the relationship between IGF-1 levels, IGFBP-3 levels with CVM staging to track the pre pubertal and pubertal growth spurts in female patients in North Indian population. This cross-sectional study was conducted on ninety female subjects in the age group of 8-20 years. Blood samples were collected and centrifuged and serum samples were then analysed by Human IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits, specific for IGF-1 and IGFBP-3, respectively. CVM staging on lateral cephalometric radiograph was determined for all patients. Analysis of variance test followed by a post hoc test was used to compare mean IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 corresponding to six stages of cervical vertebrae maturation stages. Linear Pearson's correlations were performed to determine the trends of IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and its ratio relating to CVM stage. The kappa statistic was used to measure inter and intra examiner reliability. P value IGF-1 levels were found to be highest (403.3 ± 12.3 ng/ml) at CVMI3 stage of CVMI. The post-hoc test revealed a significant difference in IGF-1 levels between all stages of CVMI, thereby indicating a specific range of IGF-1 levels for a specific skeletal stage. Mean serum IGFBP-3 levels were found to be highest (5186.8 ± 1384.2 ng/ml) at CVMI4 stage of CVMI. The mean serum IGFBP-3 levels at CVMI4 were found to be significantly higher than the levels at all other CVMI stages except CVMI3 stage. IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 can serve as a potential biochemical indicator for assessment of skeletal maturity.

  17. households' ability and willingness to pay for the provision of ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    2017-10-02

    Oct 2, 2017 ... Using probit regression, it is observed that gender, educational status and ... The current study seeks to bridge this gap by examining the ... section two was on willingness and ability to pay for the provision of toilet facilities in ... The reason being that, the CVM method is more superior to other valuation.

  18. Determination of tiamulin in type C medicated swine feeds using high throughput extraction with liquid chromatography.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Moore, Douglas B; Britton, Nanc L; Smallidge, Robert L; Riter, Ken L

    2002-01-01

    An improved method for extraction and analysis of tiamulin is presented to address issues that arose during routine analysis of Type C medicated swine feeds under the current U.S. Food and Drug Administration-Center for Veterinary Medicine (FDA-CVM) approved method. The issues included the need for higher sample throughput and the ability to accommodate a wider variety of feed matrixes. Changes to the FDA-CVM approved method include reduced sample size and solvent volumes, phosphate buffering of tartaric acid, centrifugation, and use of a new liquid chromatography column and adjusted mobile phase composition. A paired sample study was performed to compare performance of the new and existing methods. The paired sample study showed no statistical difference between sample means of paired sets of 17 samples analyzed by both methods (t = 1.95 at 0.05 significance level, p = 0.068). A recovery study showed the method precision to be 2.06% (coefficient of variation) with an average standard recoveryof 95.8%. Ruggedness test results indicated good overall ruggedness of the method.

  19. Exploring the use of tablet PCs in veterinary medical education: opportunity or obstacle?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Hong; Rush, Bonnie R; Wilkerson, Melinda; van der Merwe, Deon

    2014-01-01

    A tablet PC is a laptop computer with a touch screen and a digital pen or stylus that can be used for handwritten notes and drawings. The use of tablet PCs has been investigated in many disciplines such as engineering, mathematics, science, and education. The purpose of this article is to explore student and faculty attitudes toward and experiences with tablet PCs 6 years after the implementation of a tablet PC program in the College of Veterinary Medicine (CVM) at Kansas State University (K-State). This study reports that the use of tablet PCs has enhanced students' learning experiences through learner-interface interaction, learner-content interaction, learner-instructor interaction, and learner-learner interaction. This study also identifies digital distraction as the major negative experience with tablet PCs during class time. The tablet PC program provides CVM faculty the potential to pursue technology integration strategies that support expected learning outcomes and provides students the potential to develop self-monitoring and self-discipline skills that support learning with digital technologies.

  20. Measurements of void fraction by an improved multi-channel conductance void meter

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Song, Chul-Hwa; Chung, Moon Ki; No, Hee Cheon

    1998-01-01

    An improved multi-channel Conductance Void Meter (CVM) was developed to measure a void fraction. Its measuring principle is basically based upon the differences of electrical conductance of a two-phase mixture due to the variation of void fraction around a sensor. The sensor is designed to be flush-mounted to the inner wall of the test section to avoid the flow disturbances. The signal processor with three channels is specially designed so as to minimize the inherent error due to the phase difference between channels. It is emphasized that the guard electrodes are electrically shielded in order not to affect the measurements of two-phase mixture conductance, but to make the electric fields evenly distributed in a measuring volume. Void fraction is measured for bubbly and slug flow regimes in a vertical air-water loop, and statistical signal processing techniques are applied to show that CVM has a good dynamic resolution which is required to investigate the structural developments of bubbly flow and the propagation of void waves in a flow channel. (author)

  1. Radiological Indicators of Bone Age Assessment in Cephalometric Images. Review

    Science.gov (United States)

    Durka-Zając, Magdalena; Mituś-Kenig, Maria; Derwich, Marcin; Marcinkowska-Mituś, Agata; Łoboda, Magdalena

    2016-01-01

    Summary The ability to assess bone age accurately is important and allows to diagnose the patient correctly and to plan orthodontic treatment appropriately. The aim of the work is to present views of different authors on the subject of using cephalometric images to determine bone age and its significance for conducting appropriate orthodontic treatment. Publications from the PubMed medical database were analyzed. Search criteria: bone age assessment, CVM method. Ultimately, 36 papers out of 1354 publications were selected. The research of many authors confirms the usefulness of various methods using cephalometric images to assess skeletal age. Currently, the CVM method devised by Baccetti et al. is the most frequently mentioned one in literature. It seems that bone age assessment methods based on evaluating the morphological structure of the cervical vertebrae in cephalometric images can clearly differentiate skeletal maturity in children regardless of their race or sex. Bearing in mind the constant technological progress in medicine and stomatology, bone age assessment methods need to be perfected in order to alleviate their impact on the patient as much as possible. PMID:27536337

  2. Comparing Contingent Valuation, Conjoint Analysis and decition Panels: An Application to the valuation of reduced damages from air pollution in Norway

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Halvorsen, B.; Strand, J.; Saelensminde, K.; Wenstoep, F.

    1996-12-31

    The need for assessing values of non-market goods has led to the development of two main groups of valuation approaches, those based on revealed preferences, and those on stated preferences (SP). One of the stated preference approaches, the Contingent Valuation Method, has recently been heavily criticized and alternative SP valuation approaches have appeared. This report discusses three SP approaches to eliciting willingness to pay (WTP) for environmental goods, namely open-ended contingent valuation (OE-CVM), conjoint analysis (CA) and multi-attribute utility theory applied to decision panels of experts (DPE). Each approach has advantages and disadvantages relative to the others and the relation between WTP estimates from the approaches cannot be predicted on prior arguments alone. The three approaches are applied in three different surveys, seeking valuation of specific damages due to air pollution in Norway. In all cases studied, OE-CVM yields the lowest average WTP estimate, while those from CA and EDP are similar. Possible explanations are offered, based on the principle differences between the approaches and on particular features of the three surveys. 35 refs., 10 tabs.

  3. Measurement of Internal Friction for Tungsten by the Curve Vibrating Method with Variation of Voltage and Temperature

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elin Yusibani

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Application of a curved vibrating wire method (CVM to measure gas viscosity has been widely used. A fine Tungsten wire with 50 mm of diameter is bent into a semi-circular shape and arranged symmetrically in a magnetic field of about 0.2 T. The frequency domain is used for calculating the viscosity as a response for forced oscillation of the wire. Internal friction is one of the parameter in the CVM which is has to be measured beforeahead. Internal friction coefficien for the wire material which is the inverse of the quality factor has to be measured in a vacuum condition. The term involving internal friction actually represents the effective resistance of motion due to all non-viscous damping phenomena including internal friction and magnetic damping. The testing of internal friction measurement shows that at different induced voltage and elevated temperature at a vacuum condition, it gives the value of internal friction for Tungsten is around 1 to 4 10-4.

  4. Size and distribution of Pandarus satyrus (Copepoda: Pandaridae on the blue shark Prionace glauca (Carcharhiniformes: Carcharhinidae in Costa Rica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Rodrigo Rojas M.

    2001-03-01

    Full Text Available A total of 80 specimens of Pandarus satyrus, a cosmopolitan ectoparasitic copepod, were taken from fishery catches of blue sharks (Prionace glauca in the Eastern Pacific coast of Costa Rica. All specimens were found in the dorsal surface of pectoral fins (8-30 per shark. Longer specimens were most abundant.Un total de 80 especímenes de Pandarus satyrus, un copépodo ectoparásito cosmopolita, fueron tomados de tiburones azules (Prionace glauca capturados en la costa del Pacífico Oriental de Costa Rica. Todos los especímenes fueron encontrados en la superficie dorsal de las aletas pectorales (entre 8 y 30 por tiburón. Los parásitos más grandes son los más abundantes.

  5. First observations of the bigfin squid Magnapinna sp. in the Colombian Southern Caribbean

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jurgen Guerrero-Kommritz

    2018-05-01

    Full Text Available Herein, first observations are reported of Magnapinna squids in the Colombian Southern Caribbean. Two specimens were observed by Remote Operated Vehicles (ROV during exploratory drilling surveys for hydrocarbons at 1,883 and 2,294 m depth. These are the first observations of specimens of Magnapinna in the Southern Caribbean. Resumen La primera observación del calamar Magnapinna sp. en el caribe sur colombiano. Dos especímenes de calamares de aleta grande fueron observados con submarino de operación remota (ROV durante un proyecto de perforación exploratoria de hidrocaburos a profundidades de 1,883 y de 2,294 m, respectivamente. Estas son las primeras observaciones de especímenes de Magnapinna en el Caribe Sur.

  6. Willingness to pay function for two fuel treatments to reduce wildfire acreage burned: A scope test and comparison of White and Hispanic households

    Science.gov (United States)

    John B. Loomis; Le Trong Hung; Armando Gonzalez-Caban

    2009-01-01

    This research uses the Contingent Valuation Method to test whether willingness to pay increases for larger reductions in acres of forests burned by wildfires across the states of California. Florida and Montana. This is known as a test of scope, a measure of internal validity of the contingent valuation method (CVM). The scope test is conducted separately for White...

  7. Análise comparativa entre as normas contábeis nacionais e as internacionais em relação à forma de tratamento do cálculo do resultado de equivalência patrimonial Comparison of Brazilian and international accounting standards for patrimonial equivalence

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vinícius Silva Pereira

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available São notórios os esforços para uma convergência de normas contábeis domésticas para normas internacionais. Vários fatores, porém, dificultam essa tendência à convergência. Uma dessas dificuldades reside em mensurar os investimentos permanentes pelo Método de Equivalência Patrimonial (MEP. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar as diferenças entre as normas da CVM, do IASB e da Lei 6.404/1976 no tratamento do cálculo do resultado de equivalência patrimonial, bem como o impacto desse resultado no lucro líquido, na distribuição de dividendos e no patrimônio líquido da empresa investidora. Objetiva-se, também, analisar a forma mais coerente no tratamento do cálculo de equivalência patrimonial. Apresentam-se, inicialmente, os métodos de avaliação de investimento e as diferenças no reconhecimento e mensuração dos investimentos permanentes, segundo as normas, para posteriormente apresentar um exemplo ilustrativo que contemple simulações sobre tais normas. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa exploratória, documental e qualitativa. Verificou-se que a mais importante diferença na maneira pela qual as normas tratam o MEP reside na forma de tratamento do lucro-não-realizado para o grupo, que afeta o lucro líquido, o patrimônio líquido e a distribuição de dividendos. Ainda, entende-se que a forma mais coerente de tratamento do lucro-não-realizado é dada pela CVM.Efforts for the convergence of Brazilian standards towards international accounting standards are well known. However one of the persisting difficulties is the measurement of permanent investments according to the Patrimonial Equivalence Method (PEM. This research analyzed the differences between the calculation of the patrimonial equivalence according to CVM and the IASB and Law 6.404/1976 as well as the impact on company net profit, dividend distribution and net equity in order to find the most coherent treatment. Evaluation methods and differences in

  8. Dor muscular e atividade de creatina quinase após ações excêntricas: uma análise de cluster

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Felipe Romano Damas Nogueira

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: O exercício excêntrico máximo promove queda da capacidade de geração de força, aumento de dor muscular de início tardio (DMIT e extravasamento de creatina quinase (CK no sangue. No entanto, essas respostas ao exercício excêntrico demonstram alta variabilidade interindivíduos. OBJETIVOS: Classificar e analisar essas respostas segundo a vulnerabilidade individual, por meio da magnitude da redução dos níveis de força após exercício excêntrico. MÉTODOS: Dezoito sujeitos (11 homens e sete mulheres com idade entre 18 e 71 anos saudáveis realizaram cinco séries de seis ações excêntricas máximas para flexores do cotovelo em dinamômetro isocinético (90°s- 1, amplitude de movimento de 80 a 20°. Foram analisadas contração voluntária muscular concêntrica máxima (CVM, DMIT e CK pré, pós (exceto CK, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h e 96 h após o protocolo. Os indivíduos foram classificados como "baixos" (BR e "altos" respondedores (AR ao pico de queda de CVM pós-exercício seguindo-se uma análise de cluster e comparação entre grupos para CVM, DMIT e CK com teste-t independente. RESULTADOS: A comparação entre BR e AR indicou maiores valores de queda de CVM para o grupo AR (AR: -30,7 ± 3,3%; BR: -14,1 ± 2,2%, p < 0,001 e maior DMIT também para o grupo AR (AR: 33,0 ± 8,6 mm; BR: 10,2 ± 2,5 mm, p = 0,033; no entanto, os valores de pico de atividade de CK não diferiram entre os grupos (AR: 232,1 ± 54,8 UI.L- 1; BR: 306,1 ± 82,3 UI.L- 1, p = 0,490. CONCLUSÃO: A classificação dos indivíduos em grupos de baixos e altos respondedores foi importante para demonstrar que o grupo mais responsivo à queda de força após exercício excêntrico também evidencia maiores níveis de DMIT; contudo, para a CK essa relação não pôde ser estabelecida.

  9. Quantification of Skeletal and Dental Changes Associated with the Forsus (trademark) Appliance: A Comparison of Treatment Effects Observed During and Following Peak Growth Velocity

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-04-30

    their cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) status as determined from a lateral cephalogram taken at the initiation of Forsus™ therapy. Superimpositions...consistent sex difference in skeletal age to the rate of facial growth (Smith 1980). Currently the Cervical Vertebral Maturation Method has been used...orthodontic records of 54 subjects were evaluated. Patients were divided into two treatment groups based on cervical vertebral maturation status

  10. Larval, pre-juvenile and juvenile development of Diapterus peruvianus (Perciformes: Gerreidae

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sylvia Patricia Adelheid Jiménez Rosenberg

    2003-06-01

    Full Text Available The development of Diapterus peruvianus (Sauvage 1879 is based on 60 larvae collected in superficial tows made in Bahía Concepción, and on 16 prejuvenile and juvenile organisms collected in Bahía de La Paz, B. C. S., México, using a standard plankton net and a rectangular epibenthonic net, respectively. Larvae of D. peruvianus show three large blotches on the dorsum of the gut that can fuse together and give the appearance of one large continuous blotch. There are two to three pre-anal pigments and 16 post-anal pigments in the ventral midline; cephalic pigments are present from the postflexion stage, as well as a serrated preoperculum. The prejuvenile and juvenile organisms are distinguished by their body depth, the analfin formula, the serrated preoperculum and the base pigments in the dorsal and anal fins.El desarrollo de Diapterus peruvianus se analizó con base en 60 larvas recolectadas en Bahía Concepción y 16 pre-juveniles y juveniles recolectados en la Ensenada de La Paz, B. C. S. México, usando respectivamente, una red estándar de plancton en arrastres superficiales y una red epibentónica para arrastres de plancton. Las larvas presentan desde la pre-flexión tres manchas alargadas sobre la superficie dorsal de la masa visceral, que pueden unirse y dar apariencia de pigmentación continua, observándose hasta 16 pigmentos post-anales en la línea media ventral y de dos a tres pigmentos pre-anales; la pigmentación cefálica así como la forma aserrada del pre-opérculo característica del género, aparecen a partir de la post-flexión. Los organismos pre-juveniles y juveniles se distinguen por la profundidad del cuerpo, la fórmula de la aleta anal, la fina forma aserrada del pre-opérculo y la pigmentación en la base de las aletas dorsal y anal.

  11. Multi-view L2-SVM and its multi-view core vector machine.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Huang, Chengquan; Chung, Fu-lai; Wang, Shitong

    2016-03-01

    In this paper, a novel L2-SVM based classifier Multi-view L2-SVM is proposed to address multi-view classification tasks. The proposed Multi-view L2-SVM classifier does not have any bias in its objective function and hence has the flexibility like μ-SVC in the sense that the number of the yielded support vectors can be controlled by a pre-specified parameter. The proposed Multi-view L2-SVM classifier can make full use of the coherence and the difference of different views through imposing the consensus among multiple views to improve the overall classification performance. Besides, based on the generalized core vector machine GCVM, the proposed Multi-view L2-SVM classifier is extended into its GCVM version MvCVM which can realize its fast training on large scale multi-view datasets, with its asymptotic linear time complexity with the sample size and its space complexity independent of the sample size. Our experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed Multi-view L2-SVM classifier for small scale multi-view datasets and the proposed MvCVM classifier for large scale multi-view datasets. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  12. Estimating irrigation water demand in the Moroccan Drâa Valley using contingent valuation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Storm, Hugo; Heckelei, Thomas; Heidecke, Claudia

    2011-10-01

    Irrigation water management is crucial for agricultural production and livelihood security in Morocco as in many other parts of the world. For the implementation of an effective water management, knowledge about farmers' demand for irrigation water is crucial to assess reactions to water pricing policy, to establish a cost-benefit analysis of water supply investments or to determine the optimal water allocation between different users. Previously used econometric methods providing this information often have prohibitive data requirements. In this paper, the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) is adjusted to derive a demand function for irrigation water along farmers' willingness to pay for one additional unit of surface water or groundwater. An application in the Middle Drâa Valley in Morocco shows that the method provides reasonable results in an environment with limited data availability. For analysing the censored survey data, the Least Absolute Deviation estimator was found to be a more suitable alternative to the Tobit model as errors are heteroscedastic and non-normally distributed. The adjusted CVM to derive demand functions is especially attractive for water scarce countries under limited data availability. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  13. Matrix Metalloproteinases as a Therapeutic Target to Improve Neurologic Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury

    Science.gov (United States)

    2015-12-01

    complete blood count, chemistry, and urinalysis (month 5.5-6) 1f. Anesthetize dogs, place jugular catheters, and deliver GM6001 as a single 100 mg/kg...normal prior to drug administration based on physical examination, neurological examination, complete blood count, serum biochemistry, urinalysis ...news magazine, “CVM Today” in October 2012 and again in summer 2014. 2f. Development of standardized databases (months 8-10) Databases

  14. Reducing uncertainty and bias in acoustic biomass estimations of southern blue whiting (Micromesistius australis in the southeastern Pacific: transducer motion effects upon acoustic attenuation Reduciendo el sesgo e incertidumbre de las estimaciones hidroacústicas de biomasa de merluza de tres aletas (Micromesistius australis en el Pacífico suroriental: efectos del movimiento del transductor sobre la atenuación acústica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alvaro Saavedra

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available We evaluated the loss of sensitivity due to the motion experienced by a hull-mounted transducer and its effects upon the estimated biomass of southern blue whiting (Micromesistius australis in an acoustic survey conducted in the southeastern Pacific, off the Chilean coast, during the austral winter of 2009. Vessel motion data (pitch and roll were registered in situ using a digital clinometer and used to correct the nautical area scattering coefficients (NASC in elementary sampling units of 926 m distance by 10 m depth. These NASC correction factors (NASCcp were calculated using Dunford's algorithm for circular transducers. We found high variability in NASCcp, which averaged 12%, and ranged between 0 and 50%. NASCcp variability was explained significantly by the mean depth of the integrated stratum (33%, the weather condition, as measured by Beaufort's scale (5%, and the vessel course relative to wind direction (2%. The empirical model we used to explain NASC Cp variability may be suitable for correcting bias due to transducer motion in other, past and future, fisheries acoustic surveys targeting mid-water species under rough weather conditions.Se evaluó la pérdida de sensibilidad producida por el movimiento de un transductor montado en el casco y sus efectos sobre la abundancia y biomasa estimada de merluza de tres aletas (Micromesistius australis en un estudio acústico realizado en el Pacífico suroriental, frente a la costa de Chile, durante el invierno austral de 2009. Los datos de movimiento del barco (cabeceo y balanceo fueron registrados in situ utilizando un clinómetro digital y luego utilizados para estimar la pérdida teórica de sensibilidad del transductor y, finalmente, traducir esta pérdida en factores de corrección del coeficiente de dispersión por área náutica (NASC calculados para intervalos básicos de muestreo de 926 m de distancia por 10 m de profundidad. Los factores de corrección del NASC (NASC Cp fueron calculados

  15. Games between stakeholders and the payment for ecological services: evidence from the Wuxijiang River reservoir area in China

    Science.gov (United States)

    2018-01-01

    A gambling or “game” phenomenon can be observed in the complex relationship between sources and receptors of ecological compensation among multiple stakeholders. This paper investigates the problem of gambling to determine payment amounts, and details a method to estimate the ecological compensation amount related to water resources in the Wuxijiang River reservoir area in China. Public statistics and first-hand data obtained from a field investigation were used as data sources. Estimation of the source and receptor amount of ecological compensation relevant to the water resource being investigated was achieved using the contingent valuation method (CVM). The ecological compensation object and its benefit and gambling for the Wuxijiang River water source area are also analyzed in this paper. According to the results of a CVM survey, the ecological compensation standard for the Wuxijiang River was determined by the CVM, and the amount of compensation was estimated. Fifteen blocks downstream of the Wuxijiang River and 12 blocks in the water source area were used as samples to administer a survey that estimated the willingness to pay (WTP) and the willingness to accept (WTA) the ecological compensation of Wuxijiang River for both nonparametric and parametric estimation. Finally, the theoretical value of the ecological compensation amount was estimated. Without taking other factors into account, the WTP of residents in the Wuxi River water source was 297.48 yuan per year, while the WTAs were 3864.48 yuan per year. The theoretical standard of ecological compensation is 2294.39–2993.81 yuan per year. Under the parameter estimation of other factors, the WTP of residents in the Wuxi River water source area was 528.72 yuan per year, while the WTA was 1514.04 yuan per year. The theoretical standard of ecological compensation is 4076.25–5434.99 yuan per year. The main factors influencing the WTP ecological compensation in the Wuxi River basin are annual income and age

  16. Games between stakeholders and the payment for ecological services: evidence from the Wuxijiang River reservoir area in China.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shu, Lin

    2018-01-01

    A gambling or "game" phenomenon can be observed in the complex relationship between sources and receptors of ecological compensation among multiple stakeholders. This paper investigates the problem of gambling to determine payment amounts, and details a method to estimate the ecological compensation amount related to water resources in the Wuxijiang River reservoir area in China. Public statistics and first-hand data obtained from a field investigation were used as data sources. Estimation of the source and receptor amount of ecological compensation relevant to the water resource being investigated was achieved using the contingent valuation method (CVM). The ecological compensation object and its benefit and gambling for the Wuxijiang River water source area are also analyzed in this paper. According to the results of a CVM survey, the ecological compensation standard for the Wuxijiang River was determined by the CVM, and the amount of compensation was estimated. Fifteen blocks downstream of the Wuxijiang River and 12 blocks in the water source area were used as samples to administer a survey that estimated the willingness to pay (WTP) and the willingness to accept (WTA) the ecological compensation of Wuxijiang River for both nonparametric and parametric estimation. Finally, the theoretical value of the ecological compensation amount was estimated. Without taking other factors into account, the WTP of residents in the Wuxi River water source was 297.48 yuan per year, while the WTAs were 3864.48 yuan per year. The theoretical standard of ecological compensation is 2294.39-2993.81 yuan per year. Under the parameter estimation of other factors, the WTP of residents in the Wuxi River water source area was 528.72 yuan per year, while the WTA was 1514.04 yuan per year. The theoretical standard of ecological compensation is 4076.25-5434.99 yuan per year. The main factors influencing the WTP ecological compensation in the Wuxi River basin are annual income and age. The

  17. Use of Ionizing Radiation by the students of the Faculty of Odontology of the Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala. Radiographic Techniques evaluation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ramirez Montenegro, E.S. del

    2000-01-01

    In the present thesis an evaluation of the radiographic techniques was made by the students in the clinics of the Faculty of Odontology in the Universidad de San Carlos. The sample was 56 students of fourth and fifth year, an survey form was designed including information about radiographic technique, pacient, film seting up, cone alineation, furthermore exposure repetitions and its cause. It was conclude that paralelism technique is used by 46% of the students, 41% bicectriz technique, 13% both techniques, 100 % aleta mordible. Regarding to equipment set up previous to exposure 88% of the students sets the equipment in acceptable way, 88% used XCP accesory to hold the film without desinfection procedures and it was not set up properly. A 92% of the evaluated student had to repeat the exposures due to wrong application of radiographic techniques

  18. An instrument to assess the dynamic characteristics of the circumvaginal musculature.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dougherty, M C; Abrams, R; McKey, P L

    1986-01-01

    This report describes an intravaginal balloon device (IVBD) and an improved method for measuring the dynamic characteristics of circumvaginal muscle (CVM) contractions. The IVBD measurement system may be used in research on women's health problems related to the pelvic floor musculature. The system is independent of examiner judgment and variability, and measurement conditions are carefully controlled. In an initial trial using the device with 20 volunteers, aged 22 to 58 years, the maximal pressure developed during strong CVM contractions was measured with the subjects supine. Subjects were asked to repeat the contraction while they contracted abdominal muscles. The length of time a submaximal contraction could be held was also measured. Test-retest reliability, determined by repeating each experiment, revealed significant correlations in maximal pressure attained, r = .85, p less than .03. A t test demonstrated no significant difference between the variables with and without the use of abdominal muscles, indicating the contraction of abdominal muscles did not affect intravaginal pressure when assessed with the IVBD. A weak correlation between length of time a submaximal contraction could be held and age of subject was found, r = -.44, p less than .06, but no pressure variable was correlated with age or parity, a possible effect of the small sample in this study.

  19. Fiscal 1997 report on the results of the international standardization R and D. Study of the international standardization by the economic evaluation of environmental impacts; 1997 nendo seika hokokusho kokusai hyojun soseigata kenkyu kaihatsu. Kankyo compact no keizai hyoka ni yoru kokusai hyojunka no kenkyu

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1998-03-01

    For the purpose of the international standardization, conducted was a R and D of `the economic evaluation method of environmental impacts.` Survey/analysis were conducted of the trends in the U.S. and Europe where the study on environmental costs is advancing, and study systems were constructed in cooperation with Resources for the Future (RFF), the U.S. Electric Power Research Institute, the University of London, etc. As to impact analysis models, the development of environmental excrement transfer models has been finished, and the development of D-R relational equations which reflected characteristics in Japan has been started. In the joint study with the U.S. RFF, conducted were survey/analysis using the CVM (contingent valuation method). By the comparison of the survey data with actual medical data and comparison with the economic value conversion method, etc., validity and consistency of the CVM method were verified. As a result, it was found that these survey data could be explained without inconsistency. A case study of the environmental cost evaluation was made for electric power, iron/steel and electricity, and it was verified that this developmental method was fully applicable to the environmental impact evaluation of the actual production system. 27 refs., 33 figs., 89 tabs.

  20. Contingent valuation method applied to survey on personal preferences on choice of electric power source

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Takahashi, Reiko; Nakagome, Yoshihiro

    2004-01-01

    A Survey was conducted on personal preferences regarding their choice of electric power source to verify the applicability of Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) to such analysis. The survey was carried out on local and urban inhabitants in two steps, first by mail and thereafter by direct interview. A choice of four typical forms of power source was presented: nuclear, coal, hydro and green power; and the question was asked whether the respondent would be willing to pay additional charge for specifying their preferable power source. The mail survey indicated more than half of the respondents hold some willingness to pay either for disuse of nuclear power or expansion of green power. The interview survey revealed various complex motives lying behind their answers. Consequently, it was found that their preference is significantly correlated to their personal image or knowledge of power sources, their thinking or attitude toward energy conservation, their sense of consumption and their private view of life. It is concluded that CVM is pertinently applicable to quantitative analysis of individual opinions, particularly in terms of their motivation to participate in national energy issues. A number of modifications, however, should be required to be brought to the survey design in order to ensure smooth application in practice. (author)

  1. Public support for hosting the Olympic Summer Games in Germany: The CVM approach

    OpenAIRE

    Pamela Wicker; John C. Whitehead; Daniel S. Mason; Bruce K. Johnson

    2015-01-01

    Cities throughout the world continue to weigh the merits of hosting major sport events, including the Olympic Games. These events are considered desirable due to a range of benefits, including economic and/or tourism development. In addition, previous research has shown that hosting the Olympics may confer intangible benefits for cities and their residents. This paper presents the results of a contingent valuation method estimate of the monetary value of intangible benefits to Germans of host...

  2. Gas-flow detector for uranium contamination on finned-can surface of a reactor fuel; Detecteur a courant gazeux pour deceler la contamination en uranium des nervures des gaines de combustible nucleaire; Gazopotochnyj detektor zagryazneniya uranom rebristoj poverkhnosti obolochki reaktornykh teplovydelyayushchikh ehlementov; Detector de flujo gaseoso para medir la contaminacion de uranio en la superficie de la vaina de aletas de los elementos combustibles para reactores

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Miwa, H; Shiojiri, T; Maeda, Y [Kobe Kogyo Corporation, Okubo, Akashi, Hyogo (Japan)

    1962-04-15

    alpha. Avant chaque mesure, le compteur est vide au moyen d'une pompe rotative; on y admet ensuite du gaz PR (melange de 90% d'argon et de 10% de methane). En utilisant ce nouvel appareil, les auteurs ont reussi a deceler les particules alpha emises par 1 x 10{sup -5} gramme d'uranium naturel contaminant les nervures des gaines de combustible d'unreacteur du type Calder Hall; le combustible du reacteur de recherche japonais JRR-3 sera inspecte a l'aide de ce compteur. (author) [Spanish] El detector de corriente gaseosa descrito es un contador proporcional de rejilla especialmente destinado a determinar la contaminacion del uranio en la superficie de la vaina de aletas de los elementos combustibles para reactores. Con el tipo comun de contador proporcional, compuesto solamente de catodo y colector, apenas es posible descubrir las particulas a emitidas por el uranio contaminado en superficies irregulares tales como las aletas de la envoltura de un elemento combustible, debido a la falta de uniformidad del campo electrico en 'as cercanias de la superficie. Este es el motivo que indujo a los autores a construir el contador proporcional de rejilla. Este contador consta del elemento combustible, una rejilla, unos colectores y un catodo de forma cilindrica dispuestos coaxialmente. El combustible va colocado en el centro de la rejilla y se aplica una tension negativa. El espacio entre el combustible y la rejilla actua como camara colectora de iones. La rejilla esta formada por delgados alambres de tungsteno paralelos dispuestos cilindricamente en torno del elemento combustible y conectados a masa. Los colectores son 16 alambres finos de tungsteno de construccion semejante a la de la rejilla, pero cada uno de los alambres esta electricamente aislado de los restantes. Todos los colectores estan conectados entre si a traves de resistencias de 50 k{Omega} y conectados tambien a una fuente positiva de alta tension a traves de una resistencia. El espacio entre la rejilla, los

  3. THE END OF THE OFF-BALANCE SHEET IN PROJECT FINANCE: A STUDY OF ACCOUNTING ASPECTS IN THE CONSOLIDATION OF SPECIFIC PURPOSE ENTITIES

    OpenAIRE

    Szuster, Natan; Marques, José Augusto Veiga da Costa; Santos, Odilanei Morais dos; Hoory, Rafael; Amaral, Marco Aurélio; Alves, Claudio Ribeiro Rodrigues

    2008-01-01

    With the objective of presenting the main characteristics of project finance and in order to discuss the principal effects of the consolidation of special purpose companies according to Brazilian, International and North-American rules, an exploratory-bibliographical study was carried out, focusing on Petrobras as a primary example. In compliance with CVM Instruction 408/04, public companies are obliged to include SPC in their consolidated financial statements whenever the essence of the rela...

  4. Variación morfológica de los peces Hemibrycon boquiae y Hemibrycon rafaelense (Characiformes: Characidae en el Río Cauca, Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    César Román-Valencia

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available Analizamos la variación morfológica y osteológica en Hemibrycon boquiae y H. rafaelense en la cuenca del río Cauca. Los análisis multivariados determinan poblaciones de H. boquiae en las quebradas: Boquiae, Honda, Las Águilas, Doña Juana, Villa Paola, Portachuelo, La Víbora, Aimes y Ramírez y poblaciones de H. rafaelense en las quebradas: Canceles, La Clara, San Rafael y San José. No hay diferencias en la morfometría entre las poblaciones de H. boquiae y H. rafaelense. Se presentan discrepancias merísticas significativas para las poblaciones de H. boquiae (n= 277 y H. rafaelense (n= 121 en: número de escamas entre la línea lateral y la aleta anal, y número de escamas entre la línea lateral y la aleta pélvica. La distancia de similaridad del análisis de agrupamiento ("cluster" para los caracteres osteológicos, al igual que el número de escamas predorsales, apoyan la existencia de dos grupos discretos que corresponden a H. boquiae y H. rafaelense.Morphological variation in populations of Hemibrycon boquiae and H. rafaelense from Rio Cauca, Colombia. We analyzed the variation in morphological and osteological characteristics of Hemibrycon boquiae and Hemibrycon rafaelense in the Cauca River. The multivariate analysis determined populations of H. boquiae in nine streams: Boquier, Honda, Las Aguilas, Doña Juana, Villa Paola, Portachuelo, The Snake, Aimes and Ramirez, and populations of H. rafaelense in four streams: Canceles, Clara, San Rafael and San Jose. There were morphometric differences among populations of H. boquiae (n= 277 and H. rafaelense (n= 121. Nevertheless, there were significant meristic discrepancies among populations of both species: number of scales between lateral line and anal fin, and number of scales between lateral line and pelvic fin. The absence of bilateral symmetry was observed in the number of maxillary teeth in H. boquiae. The cluster analysis distance for osteological characters, including the

  5. Games between stakeholders and the payment for ecological services: evidence from the Wuxijiang River reservoir area in China

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lin Shu

    2018-03-01

    Full Text Available A gambling or “game” phenomenon can be observed in the complex relationship between sources and receptors of ecological compensation among multiple stakeholders. This paper investigates the problem of gambling to determine payment amounts, and details a method to estimate the ecological compensation amount related to water resources in the Wuxijiang River reservoir area in China. Public statistics and first-hand data obtained from a field investigation were used as data sources. Estimation of the source and receptor amount of ecological compensation relevant to the water resource being investigated was achieved using the contingent valuation method (CVM. The ecological compensation object and its benefit and gambling for the Wuxijiang River water source area are also analyzed in this paper. According to the results of a CVM survey, the ecological compensation standard for the Wuxijiang River was determined by the CVM, and the amount of compensation was estimated. Fifteen blocks downstream of the Wuxijiang River and 12 blocks in the water source area were used as samples to administer a survey that estimated the willingness to pay (WTP and the willingness to accept (WTA the ecological compensation of Wuxijiang River for both nonparametric and parametric estimation. Finally, the theoretical value of the ecological compensation amount was estimated. Without taking other factors into account, the WTP of residents in the Wuxi River water source was 297.48 yuan per year, while the WTAs were 3864.48 yuan per year. The theoretical standard of ecological compensation is 2294.39–2993.81 yuan per year. Under the parameter estimation of other factors, the WTP of residents in the Wuxi River water source area was 528.72 yuan per year, while the WTA was 1514.04 yuan per year. The theoretical standard of ecological compensation is 4076.25–5434.99 yuan per year. The main factors influencing the WTP ecological compensation in the Wuxi River basin are

  6. Citizens' distrust of government and their protest responses in a contingent valuation study of urban heritage trees in Guangzhou, China.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Wendy Y; Hua, Junyi

    2015-05-15

    Protest response is a common aspect of contingent valuation (CV) studies, which has attracted growing attention from scholars worldwide. Distrust of government, understood as one of the major reasons for protest response, has been prevalent across transitional China experiencing dramatic changes in its economy, society and natural environment. Citizen distrust of government would significantly hinder the efficiency and validity of the contingent valuation method (CVM) application focusing on the provision of public environmental and ecological goods in China, as a large proportion of protest responses might be induced. Hitherto little has been done to link residents' trust in government to their environmental behaviors in developing and transitional economies like China where CVM has been increasingly applied to generate meaningful and reliable information for integrating both ecological and socioeconomic perspectives into policy decisions. This study aims to investigate the discrepancies between protest responses induced by distrust of government and non-protest responses, using the contingent valuation of heritage trees in Guangzhou as a case. The combination of a set of debriefing questions and several attitudinal questions is employed in the questionnaire. Based on logit analysis and discriminant analysis, it has been found that protestors who distrust government and non-protestors share similar salient values associated with urban heritage trees in Guangzhou, especially their distinctive historical and cultural values, in comparison with ordinary urban trees. Residents with low familiarity with heritage trees (who rarely visit sites with heritage trees, know little about management and conservation techniques, and consider present management to be ineffective) are likely to act as protesters with the "distrust of government" belief. Only if more opportunities are provided for residents to obtain access to urban heritage tree sites, more information (about

  7. Determinan Willingness To Pay (Wtp) Iuran Peserta Bpjs Kesehatan

    OpenAIRE

    Aryani, Maya Andita; Muqorrobin, Masyhudi

    2013-01-01

    : This study aims at identifying the factors that affect willingness to pay (WTP) participants of BPJS Kesehatan Class III in Yogyakarta will be analyzed by using the approach of contingent valuation method (CVM). Variables use to measure WTP in this research include age, number of family members, the last education taken, level of earnings, and assumptions of society about Sharia system using primary data by questionnaire and interview methods to 144 respondents. Results analysis of this stu...

  8. Willingness to Pay for Air Quality Improvements in Klang Valley Malaysia

    OpenAIRE

    Rafia Afroz; Mohd N. Hassan; Muhamad Awang; Noor A. Ibrahim

    2005-01-01

    This research employed contingent valuation method (CVM) to estimate the willingness to pay (WTP) of the respondents to improve the air quality in Klang Valley. The samples were divided according to different question formats i.e. open ended(OE), dichotomous choice(DC) and payment card(PC). The objective of this study is to investigate the convergent validity of contingent valuation estimates by comparing the WTP values of different question formats. The comparison of responses to different q...

  9. Price for the quality of the electric power network

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Baarsma, B.E.; Berkhout, P.H.G.; Hop, J.P.; Van Gemert, M.

    2004-01-01

    Power failures cause societal costs. Therefore, it is important that in the decision making process with regard to investments network managers take into account not only private costs and benefits, but also societal benefits of their investments. The benefits can be quantified by means of the so-called conjoint analysis and compared with the contingent valuation method (CVM). The article is followed by a reaction of employees of the Dutch Office of Energy Regulation (DTe) [nl

  10. Methodology for the study of the Mexican Volcanic Belt; Metodologia para el estudio del Cinturon Volcanico Mexicano

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Pal Verma, Surendra [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca (Mexico)

    1991-12-31

    The Mexican Volcanic Belt (MVB) is an structure 20 to 150 kilometers wide an {approx}1000 km long, oriented approximately east-west, from nearby Puerto Vallarta up until Veracruz; it contains a great number ({approx}7000) of volcanic apparatus or volcanic centers (Verma, 1987a, and the cited references in this paper). Fig. 1 represents the location of some of its main volcanic centers. The MVB forms part of the ring of fire that extends all along the circumpacific region (see Fig. 2) named this way because it refers to a very high volcanoes population (many of them active volcanoes), to its seismic activity and to the large geothermal manifestations. [Espanol] El Cinturon Volcanico Mexicano (CVM) es una estructura de 20 a 150 kilometros de ancho, {approx}1,000 km de largo, orientada aproximadamente este-oeste desde cerca de Puerto Vallarta hasta Veracruz; contiene gran numero ({approx}7,000) de aparatos o centros volcanicos (Verma, 1987a, y las referencias citadas en este trabajo). La figura 1 presenta la localizacion de algunos de sus principales centros volcanicos. El CVM forma parte del llamado anillo del fuego, que se extiende a todo lo largo de la region circumpacifica (vease la Fig. 2), denominada asi porque se trata de una poblacion muy alta de volcanes (mucho de ellos activos), de la actividad sismica y de grandes manifestaciones geotermicas.

  11. An assessment of the relationship between cervical vertebrae maturation index and eruption of permanent maxillary canines

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    D S Kothavade

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Aim : The purpose of the present study was to establish the relationship between the eruption of permanent maxillary canines and cervical vertebral maturation stages (CVMs to assess an alternative method for determining time of canine eruption in the late mixed dentition. Materials and Methods : One hundred and twenty subjects with erupting permanent maxillary canines were observed both intraorally and radiographically with orthopantamograms. Lateral cephalograms were recorded to divide subjects according to CVM stage into prepeak (CS1 and CS2, peak (CS3 and CS4 and postpeak (CS5 and CS6 groups of puberty. Statistical Analysis : The differences between the prevalence rates of canine eruption in different groups of puberty were estimated using ′z test′. Results : Prepeak group comprised of forty six subjects, peak group sixty eight subjects and postpeak group six subjects. The differences in prevalence rates between peak and prepeak and between peak and postpeak groups were noticed highly significant (p<0.001, while prevalence rates between peak and postpeak was found less significant ( p0 <0.01. Conclusion : Eruption of the permanent maxillary canine can occur at any CVM stage till end of the puberty or after puberty (CS1-CS6. Thus, an absence of maxillary canine during or after postpeak stage of puberty (CS5 or CS6 suggests delayed eruption and canine impaction.

  12. Methodology for the study of the Mexican Volcanic Belt; Metodologia para el estudio del Cinturon Volcanico Mexicano

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Pal Verma, Surendra [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca (Mexico)

    1990-12-31

    The Mexican Volcanic Belt (MVB) is an structure 20 to 150 kilometers wide an {approx}1000 km long, oriented approximately east-west, from nearby Puerto Vallarta up until Veracruz; it contains a great number ({approx}7000) of volcanic apparatus or volcanic centers (Verma, 1987a, and the cited references in this paper). Fig. 1 represents the location of some of its main volcanic centers. The MVB forms part of the ring of fire that extends all along the circumpacific region (see Fig. 2) named this way because it refers to a very high volcanoes population (many of them active volcanoes), to its seismic activity and to the large geothermal manifestations. [Espanol] El Cinturon Volcanico Mexicano (CVM) es una estructura de 20 a 150 kilometros de ancho, {approx}1,000 km de largo, orientada aproximadamente este-oeste desde cerca de Puerto Vallarta hasta Veracruz; contiene gran numero ({approx}7,000) de aparatos o centros volcanicos (Verma, 1987a, y las referencias citadas en este trabajo). La figura 1 presenta la localizacion de algunos de sus principales centros volcanicos. El CVM forma parte del llamado anillo del fuego, que se extiende a todo lo largo de la region circumpacifica (vease la Fig. 2), denominada asi porque se trata de una poblacion muy alta de volcanes (mucho de ellos activos), de la actividad sismica y de grandes manifestaciones geotermicas.

  13. Willingness to pay for health care services in common cold, retinal detachment, and myocardiac infarction: an internet survey in Japan.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yasunaga, Hideo; Ide, Hiroo; Imamura, Tomoaki; Ohe, Kazuhiko

    2006-02-20

    The application of Willingness To Pay (WTP) measurement with Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) to medical services is gradually increasing. Knowing what influences WTP is an important matter because validity of CVM in medical services remains controversial. The objective of this survey is to measure WTP for the treatment of typical acute illnesses and to analyze the factors affecting WTP. A questionnaire survey was conducted over the Internet, in which 795 men and women between 40 and 59 years old responded to questions about WTP for medical expenses in three hypothetical scenarios: common cold (CC), retinal detachment (RD) and myocardiac infarction (MI). Mean WTP was $29.9 for CC, $2,233 for RD, and $8,976 for MI. WTP for RD and MI was lower in the low-income group. While WTP for CC did not vary with income, WTP was higher in groups whose current subjective fitness levels were low. Although WTP measurements are criticized frequently for their validity and reliability, they are still useful for determining the economic value of medical services. Based on the results of this study, it is deemed necessary to enhance safety nets for low-income earners in regards to serious illnesses that incur high medical expenses. Further, it is recommended that the rate of co-payments be set relatively high with respect to mild illnesses for which alternative services are available.

  14. A first principles approach to phase stability and order-disorder transformation: Application to Li-Al alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Arya, A.; Banerjee, S.; Das, G.P.

    1994-08-01

    Starting from TB-LMTO electronic structure total energy calculations of ordered binary alloys, we have determined the configurationally averaged effective (multisite) cluster interactions (ECI's) using the Connolly-Williams inversion method. The configurational entropy has been calculated in the mean field approximation of the Ising model using the Cluster Variation Method (CVM). The resulting configurational free energy (or equivalently the grand potential) has been minimized and order-disordered transformation behaviour in Li-Al alloys has been discussed. (author). 12 refs, 12 figs, 8 tabs

  15. The nonmarket benefits of redeveloping dockland areas for recreational purposes: the case of Castellón, Spain

    OpenAIRE

    Salvador Del Saz-Salazar; Leandro Garcia-Menendez

    2003-01-01

    As a consequence of the decline of central harbour sites and the relocation of port activities to the outskirts of cities, today waterfront redevelopment has become a key issue in the urban revitalisation policies of port cities. Although we are aware that city-port regeneration has strong links with the real estate market, our purpose here is very different. In particular, the contingent valuation method (CVM) has been applied in order to obtain the nonmarket benefits of the environmental an...

  16. Estrutura de propriedade e de controle das empresas de capital aberto no Brasil Ownership and control in brazilian limited liability companies

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dante Mendes Aldrighi

    2005-04-01

    Full Text Available This paper has as its main objective to measure the magnitude of deviations between control rights and cash-flow rights for the ultimate shareholder with the largest voting rights of limited liability companies in Brazil. Furthermore, it pinpoints how these discrepancies are generated, evaluating the relative importance of the issuance of preferred stocks with no voting rights, pyramidal arrangements of ownership, and cross-shareholdings. The data set embraces 602 companies that in 2001 complied with the mandatory requirement of filing to the CVM.

  17. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells

    CERN Document Server

    Qi, Zhigang

    2013-01-01

    Preface Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel CellsFuel CellsTypes of Fuel CellsAdvantages of Fuel CellsProton Exchange Membrane Fuel CellsMembraneCatalystCatalyst LayerGas Diffusion MediumMicroporous LayerMembrane Electrode AssemblyPlateSingle CellStackSystemCell Voltage Monitoring Module (CVM)Fuel Supply Module (FSM)Air Supply Module (ASM)Exhaust Management Module (EMM)Heat Management Module (HMM)Water Management Module (WMM)Internal Power Supply Module (IPM)Power Conditioning Module (PCM)Communications Module (COM)Controls Module (CM)SummaryThermodynamics and KineticsTheoretical EfficiencyVoltagePo

  18. The confirmation of a work hypothesis: a new caldera in the center of the Mexican Volcanic Belt; La confirmacion de una hipotesis de trabajo: una nueva caldera en el centro del Cinturon Volcanico Mexicano

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Anguita Virella, Francisco; Pal Verma, Surendra; Milan, Marcos; Garcia Cacho, Luis; Samaniego M, Daniel [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca (Mexico)

    1991-12-31

    After synthesizing the most relevant aspects of the current volcanology and the genesis process of the collapse calderas, a process is described on the location and confirmation of a new caldera (the Mazahua) in the central part of the Mexican Volcanic Belt (MVB). [Espanol] Tras sintetizar los aspectos mas destacados de la vulcanologia actual y el proceso de genesis de las calderas de colapso, se describe el proceso de localizacion y confirmacion de una nueva caldera (la Mazahua) en la parte central del Cinturon Volcanico Mexicano (CVM).

  19. The confirmation of a work hypothesis: a new caldera in the center of the Mexican Volcanic Belt; La confirmacion de una hipotesis de trabajo: una nueva caldera en el centro del Cinturon Volcanico Mexicano

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Anguita Virella, Francisco; Pal Verma, Surendra; Milan, Marcos; Garcia Cacho, Luis; Samaniego M, Daniel [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca (Mexico)

    1992-12-31

    After synthesizing the most relevant aspects of the current volcanology and the genesis process of the collapse calderas, a process is described on the location and confirmation of a new caldera (the Mazahua) in the central part of the Mexican Volcanic Belt (MVB). [Espanol] Tras sintetizar los aspectos mas destacados de la vulcanologia actual y el proceso de genesis de las calderas de colapso, se describe el proceso de localizacion y confirmacion de una nueva caldera (la Mazahua) en la parte central del Cinturon Volcanico Mexicano (CVM).

  20. Determination of polarization fields in group III-nitride heterostructures by capacitance-voltage-measurements

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rychetsky, Monir, E-mail: monir.rychetsky@physik.tu-berlin.de; Avinc, Baran; Wernicke, Tim; Bellmann, Konrad; Sulmoni, Luca [Institute of Solid State Physics, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin (Germany); Koslow, Ingrid; Rass, Jens; Kneissl, Michael [Institute of Solid State Physics, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin (Germany); Ferdinand-Braun-Institut, Leibniz-Institut für Höchstfrequenztechnik, Berlin (Germany); Hoffmann, Veit; Weyers, Markus [Ferdinand-Braun-Institut, Leibniz-Institut für Höchstfrequenztechnik, Berlin (Germany); Wild, Johannes; Zweck, Josef [Fakultät für Physik, University of Regensburg, Regensburg (Germany); Witzigmann, Bernd [Computational Electronics and Photonics Group and CINSaT, University of Kassel, Kassel (Germany)

    2016-03-07

    The polarization fields in wurtzite group III-nitrides strongly influence the optical properties of InAlGaN-based light emitters, e.g., the electron and hole wave function overlap in quantum wells. In this paper, we propose a new approach to determine these fields by capacitance-voltage measurements (CVM). Sheet charges generated by a change of the microscopic polarization at heterointerfaces influence the charge distribution in PIN junctions and therefore the depletion width and the capacitance. We show that it is possible to determine the strength and direction of the internal fields by comparing the depletion widths of two PIN junctions, one influenced by internal polarization fields and one without as a reference. For comparison, we conducted coupled Poisson/carrier transport simulations on the CVM of the polarization-influenced sample. We also demonstrate the feasibility and limits of the method by determining the fields in GaN/InGaN and GaN/AlGaN double heterostructures on (0001) c-plane grown by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy and compare both evaluation methods. The method yields (−0.50 ± 0.07) MV/cm for In{sub 0.08}Ga{sub 0.92}N/GaN, (0.90 ± 0.13) MV/cm for Al{sub 0.18}Ga{sub 0.82}N/GaN, and (2.0 ± 0.3) MV/cm for Al{sub 0.31}Ga{sub 0.69}N/GaN heterostructures.

  1. Loss of col8a1a Function during Zebrafish Embryogenesis Results in Congenital Vertebral Malformations

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gray, Ryan S.; Wilm, Thomas; Smith, Jeff; Bagnat, Michel; Dale, Rodney M.; Topczewski, Jacek; Johnson, Stephen L.; Solnica-Krezel, Lilianna

    2014-01-01

    Congenital vertebral malformations (CVM) occur in 1 in 1,000 live births and in many cases can cause spinal deformities, such as scoliosis, and result in disability and distress of affected individuals. Many severe forms of the disease, such as spondylocostal dystostosis, are recessive monogenic traits affecting somitogenesis, however the etiologies of the majority of CVM cases remain undetermined. Here we demonstrate that morphological defects of the notochord in zebrafish can generate congenital-type spine defects. We characterize three recessive zebrafish leviathan/col8a1a mutant alleles (m531, vu41, vu105) that disrupt collagen type VIII alpha1a (col8a1a), and cause folding of the embryonic notochord and consequently adult vertebral column malformations. Furthermore, we provide evidence that a transient loss of col8a1a function or inhibition of Lysyl oxidases with drugs during embryogenesis was sufficient to generate vertebral fusions and scoliosis in the adult spine. Using periodic imaging of individual zebrafish, we correlate focal notochord defects of the embryo with vertebral malformations (VM) in the adult. Finally, we show that bends and kinks in the notochord can lead to aberrant apposition of osteoblasts normally confined to well-segmented areas of the developing vertebral bodies. Our results afford a novel mechanism for the formation of VM, independent of defects of somitogenesis, resulting from aberrant bone deposition at regions of misshapen notochord tissue. PMID:24333517

  2. Evidências sobre as estruturas de propriedade de capital e de voto das empresas de capital aberto no Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dante Mendes Aldrighi

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo analisa a evolução da estrutura de propriedade de capital e de votos das empresas de capital aberto no Brasil no período 1997-2002. Sua principal contribuição reside em estimar a magnitude dos direitos de voto e de fluxo de caixa do acionista último com a maior parcela do capital votante de cada empresa. Examinam-se, também, as fontes da discrepância entre direitos de votos e de fluxo de caixa, avaliando-se a importância relativa da emissão de ações preferenciais sem direito a voto, acordos de votos, estruturas piramidais de propriedade, e posse cruzada de ações. A base de dados compreende 4478 relatórios que as empresas, cumprindo uma exigência legal, submeteram à CVM nesse período.This paper focuses on the ownership and voting structures of limited liability companies in Brazil over the period 1997-2002. Its main contribution lies in measuring the magnitude of deviations between control rights and cash-flow rights for the ultimate shareholder with the largest voting rights. Furthermore, it pinpoints how these discrepancies are generated, evaluating the relative importance of the issuance of preferred stocks with no voting rights, voting agreements, pyramidal arrangements of ownership, and cross-shareholdings. The data set embraces 4,478 reports that companies, complying with a mandatory requirement, filed to the CVM over that period.

  3. Willingness to pay for health care services in common cold, retinal detachment, and myocardiac infarction: an internet survey in Japan

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Imamura Tomoaki

    2006-02-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background The application of Willingness To Pay (WTP measurement with Contingent Valuation Method (CVM to medical services is gradually increasing. Knowing what influences WTP is an important matter because validity of CVM in medical services remains controversial. The objective of this survey is to measure WTP for the treatment of typical acute illnesses and to analyze the factors affecting WTP. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted over the Internet, in which 795 men and women between 40 and 59 years old responded to questions about WTP for medical expenses in three hypothetical scenarios: common cold (CC, retinal detachment (RD and myocardiac infarction (MI. Results Mean WTP was $29.9 for CC, $2,233 for RD, and $8,976 for MI. WTP for RD and MI was lower in the low-income group. While WTP for CC did not vary with income, WTP was higher in groups whose current subjective fitness levels were low. Conclusion Although WTP measurements are criticized frequently for their validity and reliability, they are still useful for determining the economic value of medical services. Based on the results of this study, it is deemed necessary to enhance safety nets for low-income earners in regards to serious illnesses that incur high medical expenses. Further, it is recommended that the rate of co-payments be set relatively high with respect to mild illnesses for which alternative services are available.

  4. Desarrollo embrionario-larval del pez tropical Hemirhamphus brasiliensis (Beloniformes: Hemirhamphidae a partir de huevos recolectados del medio natural

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jesús Rosas

    2008-09-01

    Full Text Available Se describe la formación del embrión y el desarrollo larval del pez Hemirhamphus brasiliensis Linnaeus, 1758, a partir de huevos en estado de mórula, recolectados en el alga parda Sargassum sp. Los huevos eran esféricos con un diámetro de 1923.54 ±72.35 µm, con numerosos filamentos coriónicos y estrías en su superficie. Durante las primeras 48 h, el embrión desarrolló la vesícula cefálica, los miomeros y el corazón, el cual se ubicó en el exterior de cuerpo impulsando sangre incolora, la cual se pigmentó de rojo posteriormente. Antes de la eclosión se desarrollaron el riñón, estómago, hígado y la vesícula biliar, las aletas pectorales, cuatro pares de arcos branquiales y la boca. Las larvas eclosionaron a la 114 h, presentando el cuerpo robusto en forma de torpedo, verde-amarillo con melanoforos dendriformes. Al nacer ingirieron metanauplios de Artemia. A las 72 h después de la eclosión se observó el esbozo de la aleta pélvica y a las 240 h se completó la metamorfosis.Embrionary-larval development of the tropical fish Hemirhamphus brasiliensis (Beloniformes: Hemirhamphidae from eggs collected in the wild. The embryo formation and larval development of Hemirhamphus brasiliensis Linnaeus, 1758 (Pisces: Hemirhamphidae is described from morula stage eggs collected on Sargassum sp. Thalii in the field (10°50’55.2" N y 64°09’467" W. The eggs were spherical, 1 923.54 ±72.35 µm diameter with several corionic filaments, and are striated. During the first 48 h the embryo developed cephalic vesicle, miomers, and a heart located on the external body surface, beating strongly and circulating colorless blood which became pigmented red later. Before hatching, the larva developed kidney, gut tract, liver and biliar vesicle, pectoral fins, four pairs of gill arches and the mouth. The larva hatched at 114 h, the body was torpedo-shaped, yellow-green, with several dendriform melanophores; the pelvic fin was observed 72 h post

  5. Evaluation of marking efficiency of different alizarin red S concentrations on body fish structures in Oreochromis niloticus (Perciformes: Cichlidae juveniles

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana L. Ibáñez

    2013-03-01

    Full Text Available The use of alizarin red S (ARS marked tilapias could provide valuable fisheries management information to evaluate fish stocking events and may facilitate aquaculture management practices. As a new technique in fishes, the aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the chemical marks produced in tilapia juveniles by ARS through two treatments: 1 12 hours of immersion and 2 immersion after osmotic induction. This was analyzed at three concentrations: 50, 75 and 100mg/l, and in three structures: otoliths, fish scales and caudal fin rays of Oreochromis niloticus juveniles. After three culture months 80% of specimens were analyzed and significant differences (pEl uso de alizarina roja S (ARS para marcar tilapias podría proporcionar información valiosa para el manejo de su pesquería. Para evaluar pesquerías acuaculturales manejadas con siembras o repoblamientos de peces se comparó y evaluó la marca producida por la alizarina roja S, empleando dos tratamientos: 1 Inmersión en ARS durante 12h; e 2 Inmersión en ARS después de un choque osmótico. El análisis se realizó a tres concentraciones: 50, 75 y 100mg/l y en tres estructuras: otolitos, escamas y radios de la aleta caudal de Oreochromis niloticus. Ochenta por ciento de los ejemplares fueron cultivados durante tres meses y analizados posteriormente. Los resultados mostraron diferencias entre las concentraciones de la marca para el tratamiento de 12h de inmersión mientras que no hubo diferencias entre las concentraciones para el tratamiento con inducción osmótica. Se encontraron diferencias en la intensidad de la marca entre los tratamientos para otolitos y radios de las aletas pero para las escamas no hubo diferencias significativas. Todas las concentraciones produjeron marcas (desde débiles a intensas, sin embargo la concentración de 100mg/l no produjo marcas débiles. El tratamiento por inducción osmótica presentó mayores niveles de mortalidad. Después de ocho meses de

  6. O Efeito da convergência brasileira às IFRS no gerenciamento de resultados das empresas abertas brasileiras não financeiras

    OpenAIRE

    Marta Cristina Pelucio Grecco

    2013-01-01

    O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi avaliar se as mudanças nas práticas contábeis trouxeram redução no gerenciamento de resultados das empresas abertas brasileiras não financeiras, ocasionando uma melhoria na qualidade da informação contábil. Foi utilizada uma amostra composta por companhias abertas brasileiras não financeiras (361 empresas). Os dados foram coletados no sítio da CVM ou no sítio das próprias empresas, quando necessário. Para mensurar o gerenciamento de resultado...

  7. Sistemática del pez Petenia splendida (Perciformes: Cichlidae en el lago Petén Itzá, Guatemala

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anaitté Méndez

    2011-09-01

    Full Text Available El Lago Petén Itzá se ubica en la zona de usos múltiples de la Reserva de la Biosfera Maya, entre sus especies ícticas encontramos al pez blanco (Petenia splendida de alto valor comercial. El propósito del presente trabajo es aclarar la posición taxonómica de las dos formas de pez blanco de Petén y compararlas con la forma del Usumacinta. Entre 2008 y 2009 se recolectaron 25 ejemplares de la forma amarilla y 25 de la plateada en 10 localidades del lago Petén Itzá y 21 en la cuenca del Usumacinta durante 1978 y 2006; se revisaron 36 características morfométricas y 16 merísticas, así como coloración, hábitat y forma de pesca. La P. splendida del Lago presenta las siguientes características: la forma amarilla se encuentra a una profundidad entre 0.5 y 1.5m, tiene aleta dorsal XIV-(XV-XVI/11-(12-13; la plateada esta a profundidades entre 2-3m, presenta aleta dorsal XIV-(XV-XVI/10-(12-13, mientras que la forma del Usumacinta posee aleta dorsal XIV-(XV-XV/12-(13-13. El análisis discriminante muestra una diferenciación entre las tres poblaciones analizadas aunque no es determinante. La fauna de peces de la cuenca del área de estudio presenta alta diversidad, se observa daño antropogénico producto de la sobreexplotación, por la falta de aplicación de la reglamentación existente y la urbanización.Systematic of the fish Petenia splendida (Perciformes: Cichlidae of Lake Petén Itzá, Guatemala. The Lake Petén Itzá is located in the multiple use zone of the Maya Biosphere Reserve. It belongs to the subtropical moist forest (warm life zone, and has very important flora and fauna diversities. Among the fish species, the white fish (Petenia splendida is of high commercial value. The main goal of the present work was to clarify the taxonomic position of the two forms of the white fish in Petén (Guatemala, and to compare it with the Usumacinta (Mexico form, based on the collected material from 1978 and 2006 (Usumacinta, and

  8. Nível de convergência dos princípios contábeis brasileiros e norte-americanos às normas do IASB: uma contribuição para a adoção das IFRS por empresas brasileiras The convergence level of the brazilian and american accounting principles with IASB standards: a contribution to brazilian companies' adoption of IFRS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Valdiney Alves Oliveira

    2011-08-01

    Full Text Available A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar em que nível as informações contábeis divulgadas nos mercados: brasileiro e norte-americano atendem aos requisitos da adoção inicial das IFRS - International Financial Reporting Standards. A adoção das IFRS por companhias abertas brasileiras nas suas demonstrações contábeis consolidadas foi exigida pela Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (CVM na Instrução CVM 457/07. Por meio de uma pesquisa descritiva quanto aos seus objetivos e utilizando-se dos procedimentos técnicos de pesquisa documental e de análise de conteúdo clássica, foram analisadas as demonstrações contábeis elaboradas para o ano de 2008 de acordo com os US GAAPs e os BR GAAPs de 20 empresas brasileiras listadas simultaneamente na Bolsa de Valores de Nova York (NYSE e na Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo (BOVESPA e calculou-se o índice de disclosure proposto na pesquisa de Lopes e Rodrigues (2007. A pesquisa apontou para índices de disclosure calculados para o Form 20F maiores do que aqueles calculados para as Demonstrações Financeiras Padrão (DFP, confirmando um nível de convergência maior entre US GAAP e IFRS e sugerindo que, em função da adoção das IFRS as demonstrações contábeis em BR GAAP tendem a se modificar substancialmente aumentando o n��vel de divulgação. Além disso, os resultados confirmam para a amostra, o exposto na literatura selecionada de que o setor de atuação e o tamanho da empresa influem diretamente no disclosure das informações. Em relação aos auditores, o fato de as demonstrações serem auditadas pelas empresas globais de auditoria conhecidas como Big Four não foi determinante na extensão do disclosure.This study aimed to assess the extent to which accounting information disclosed in the Brazilian and North American markets meet the requirements for the initial adoption of IFRS - International Financial Reporting Standards. The Brazilian Securities Commission (CVM

  9. Estimation of the environmental values of electric vehicles in Chinese cities

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lin, Boqiang; Tan, Ruipeng

    2017-01-01

    Automobile exhaust emissions have been one of the serious air pollution sources in most Chinese cities and the adoption of new energy vehicles (NEVs) can solve this problem to some extent. In this context, NEVs can be seen as a kind of public good, part of whose value cannot be reflected in a market price. This paper estimates the environmental values of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and studies the influencing factors based on a survey conducted in China's four biggest and developed cities: Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen. Contingent valuation method (CVM) and the ordered Probit model are employed to achieve the objective. The results show that the least average environmental values of a BEV are 30.60 thousand CNY in the four cities. People with higher income, already having private cars, knowing more about BEVs, thinking that BEVs can improve air quality or with higher levels of education are willing to pay more. Therefore, the policymakers should take the positive WTP of consumers for the environmental effects of BEVs into consideration when pricing the BEVs and reconsider the existing subsidies to BEVs. - Highlights: • The environmental values of a BEV are estimated by CVM and an ordered Probit model. • The study is based on a random survey in the four biggest and developed cities in China. • The survey is concerning public's attitude towards battery electric vehicles (BEVs). • People who are males, with a higher income, knowing more about BEVs or with a higher level of education have a higher WTP.

  10. How Much Are Floridians Willing to Pay for Protecting Sea Turtles from Sea Level Rise?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hamed, Ahmed; Madani, Kaveh; Von Holle, Betsy; Wright, James; Milon, J Walter; Bossick, Matthew

    2016-01-01

    Sea level rise (SLR) is posing a great inundation risk to coastal areas. Some coastal nesting species, including sea turtle species, have experienced diminished habitat from SLR. Contingent valuation method (CVM) was used in an effort to assess the economic loss impacts of SLR on sea turtle nesting habitats for Florida coasts; and to elicit values of willingness to pay (WTP) of Central Florida residents to implement certain mitigation strategies, which would protect Florida's east coast sea turtle nesting areas. Using the open-ended and dichotomous choice CVM, we sampled residents of two Florida communities: Cocoa Beach and Oviedo. We estimated the WTP of households from these two cities to protect sea turtle habitat to be between $42 and $57 per year for 5 years. Additionally, we attempted to assess the impact of the both the respondents' demographics and their perception toward various situations on their WTP value. Findings include a negative correlation between the age of a respondent and the probability of an individual willing to pay the hypothetical WTP amount. We found that WTP of an individual was not dependent on prior knowledge of the effects of SLR on sea turtle habitat. The greatest indicators of whether or not an individual was willing to pay to protect sea turtle habitat were the respondents' perception regarding the trustworthiness and efficiency of the party which will implement the conservation measures and their confidence in the conservation methods used. Respondents who perceive sea turtles having an effect on their life were also more likely to pay.

  11. Impact of perceived importance of ecosystem services and stated financial constraints on willingness to pay for riparian meadow restoration in Flanders (Belgium).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Wendy Y; Aertsens, Joris; Liekens, Inge; Broekx, Steven; De Nocker, Leo

    2014-08-01

    The strategic importance of ecosystem service valuation as an operational basis for policy decisions on natural restoration has been increasingly recognized in order to align the provision of ecosystem services with the expectation of human society. The contingent valuation method (CVM) is widely used to quantify various ecosystem services. However, two areas of concern arise: (1) whether people value specific functional ecosystem services and overlook some intrinsic aspects of natural restoration, and (2) whether people understand the temporal dimension of ecosystem services and payment schedules given in the contingent scenarios. Using a peri-urban riparian meadow restoration project in Flanders, Belgium as a case, we explored the impacts of residents' perceived importance of various ecosystem services and stated financial constraints on their willingness-to-pay for the proposed restoration project employing the CVM. The results indicated that people tended to value all the benefits of riparian ecosystem restoration concurrently, although they accorded different importances to each individual category of ecosystem services. A longer payment scheme can help the respondents to think more about the flow of ecosystem services into future generations. A weak temporal embedding effect can be detected, which might be attributed to respondents' concern about current financial constraints, rather than financial bindings associated with their income and perceived future financial constraints. This demonstrates the multidimensionality of respondents' financial concerns in CV. This study sheds light on refining future CV studies, especially with regard to public expectation of ecosystem services and the temporal dimension of ecosystem services and payment schedules.

  12. Diagnostic reliability of the cervical vertebral maturation method and standing height in the identification of the mandibular growth spurt.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Perinetti, Giuseppe; Contardo, Luca; Castaldo, Attilio; McNamara, James A; Franchi, Lorenzo

    2016-07-01

    To evaluate the capability of both cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) stages 3 and 4 (CS3-4 interval) and the peak in standing height to identify the mandibular growth spurt throughout diagnostic reliability analysis. A previous longitudinal data set derived from 24 untreated growing subjects (15 females and nine males,) detailed elsewhere were reanalyzed. Mandibular growth was defined as annual increments in Condylion (Co)-Gnathion (Gn) (total mandibular length) and Co-Gonion Intersection (Goi) (ramus height) and their arithmetic mean (mean mandibular growth [mMG]). Subsequently, individual annual increments in standing height, Co-Gn, Co-Goi, and mMG were arranged according to annual age intervals, with the first and last intervals defined as 7-8 years and 15-16 years, respectively. An analysis was performed to establish the diagnostic reliability of the CS3-4 interval or the peak in standing height in the identification of the maximum individual increments of each Co-Gn, Co-Goi, and mMG measurement at each annual age interval. CS3-4 and standing height peak show similar but variable accuracy across annual age intervals, registering values between 0.61 (standing height peak, Co-Gn) and 0.95 (standing height peak and CS3-4, mMG). Generally, satisfactory diagnostic reliability was seen when the mandibular growth spurt was identified on the basis of the Co-Goi and mMG increments. Both CVM interval CS3-4 and peak in standing height may be used in routine clinical practice to enhance efficiency of treatments requiring identification of the mandibular growth spurt.

  13. Morfología de las especies de Hyphessobrycon (Characiformes: Characidae, grupo heterorhabdus, en Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos A. García-Alzate

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available El género Hyphessobrycon incluye dieciocho especies reportadas para Colombia de las cuales 13 son miembros del grupo heterorhabdus; con las mismas, se realizó un análisis morfogeométrico por medio del Método de Cerchas (Box Truss y Láminas Delgadas (TPS. Se usaron 13 hitos homólogos tipo I y tres tipo II. El resultado del análisis cluster, llevado a cabo con cada una de las metodologías indicó que estas especies están representadas en dos grandes grupos: robustas y delgadas. Las deformaciones parciales, los componentes uniformes, no uniformes, Warps principales y Warps parciales describieron cambios de la forma relacionados con la profundidad del cuerpo e involucraron desplazamientos relativos del esqueleto apendicular y de la región cefálica. Todas las especies se caracterizan por presentar crecimiento alométrico excepto Hyphessobrycon mavro con isometría entre los hitos 6-7. Se plantean dos nuevas medidas discriminantes (hocico-supraoccipital y supraoccipital-aleta pélvica para las especies del grupo.

  14. Cetacean diversity and distribution in the coast of Gipuzkoa and adjacent waters, southeastern Bay of Biscay

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    MARCOS, E., SALAZAR, J.M., STHEPANIS, R. de

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Desde el año 2003, se ha realizado un seguimiento continuo a las poblaciones de cetáceos de la costa guipuzcoana, siguiendo los protocolos de muestreo de cetáceos en mar de la Sociedad Española de Cetáceos. Se ha estudiado la diversidad, la densidad, la distribución espacial y temporal de estas especies. Los resultados indican la presencia de 12 especies de cetáceos en el área, y la importancia de la misma para cinco de ellas, especialmente para el delfín mular (Tursiops truncatus. El delfín común (Delphinus delphis, el calderon de aleta larga (Globicephala melas, el delfín listado (Stenella coeruleoalba y el cifio de cuvier (Ziphius cavirostris son especies altamente representadas en el área. Se han definido las principales áreas de distribución de estas especies con el fin de dar los primeros pasos para la creación de un Área Marina Protegida en el área.

  15. The contingent valuation method: a review

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Venkatachalam, L.

    2004-01-01

    The contingent valuation method (CVM) is a simple, flexible nonmarket valuation method that is widely used in cost-benefit analysis and environmental impact assessment. However, this method is subject to severe criticism. The criticism revolves mainly around two aspects, namely, the validity and the reliability of the results, and the effects of various biases and errors. The major objective of this paper is to review the recent developments on measures to address the validity and reliability issues arising out of different kinds of biases/errors and other related empirical and methodological issues concerning contingent valuation method

  16. A first-principles study of short range order in Cu-Zn

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Slutter, M.; Turchi, P.E.A.; Johnson, D.D.; Nicholson, D.M.; Stocks, G.M.; Pinski, F.J.

    1990-01-01

    Recently, measurements of short-range order (SRO) diffuse neutron scattering intensity have been performed on quenched Cu-Zn alloys with 22.4 to 31.1 atomic percent (a/o) Zn, and pair interactions were obtained by inverse Monte Carlo simulation. These results are compared to SRO intensities and effective pair interactions obtained from first-principles electronic structure calculations. The theoretical SRO intensities were calculated with the cluster variation method (CVM) in the tetrahedron-octahedron approximation with first-principles pain interactions as input. More generally, phase stability in the Cu-Zn alloy system is discussed, using ab-initio energetic properties

  17. Eletromiográfia do reto femoral em diferentes equipamentos proprioceptivos no meio aquático

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cassio Noronha Martins

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: A propriocepção é uma variável imprescindível para prevenção e reabilitação das lesões do joelho, podendo ser estimulada por diferentes equipamentos, os quais ainda não foram testados em meio aquático. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a atividade eletromiográfica (EMG do músculo reto femoral de atletas no meio aquático frente a três diferentes equipamentos proprioceptivos (cama elástica, disco proprioceptivo e balancim. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi composta por dez jogadores de futsal profissional, sem histórico de lesões musculoesqueléticas (últimos três meses, com 23,1 (±1,5 anos e índice de massa corporal 25,2 (±0,5 kg/m². A aquisição do sinal EMG do reto femoral do membro dominante foi adquirido por eletrodos de superfície, aproximadamente 2,5 cm da posição distal do ponto motor. O nível da água foi ajustado individualmente (entre a região umbilical e o processo xifoide e a temperatura mantida a 32 °C. As avaliações compreenderam o repouso, a contração voluntária máxima (CVM antes e depois dos experimentos e os estímulos proprioceptivos (cama elástica, disco proprioceptivo e balancim em apoio unipodal. Os dados (média ± erro padrão foram comparados pelo teste-t pareado e pela ANOVA para medidas repetidas seguida de teste Bonferrroni (post hoc. RESULTADOS: A EMG da CVM antes (221,0 ± 134 RMS/µVolts e depois (243,0 ± 154,0 RMS/µVolts foi semelhante (p = 0,129. No meio aquático, a cama elástica, o balancim e o disco apresentaram respectivamente 24,5 (±4,3, 33,9 (±4,3 e 32,5 (±6,7 %CVM. A atividade EMG do reto femoral na cama elástica foi 8% menor que o balancim e 9,5% que o disco proprioceptivo (p < 0,001. CONCLUSÃO: No meio aquático os equipamentos proprioceptivos promovem a ativação do reto femoral. Entretanto, a cama elástica apresenta menor atividade que o disco e o balancim, sugerindo-se que este equipamento deva ser utilizado no início da estimulação proprioceptiva.

  18. Maintained inspiratory activity during proportional assist ventilation in surfactant-depleted cats early after surfactant instillation: phrenic nerve and pulmonary stretch receptor activity

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    Schaller Peter

    2006-03-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Inspiratory activity is a prerequisite for successful application of patient triggered ventilation such as proportional assist ventilation (PAV. It has recently been reported that surfactant instillation increases the activity of slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors (PSRs followed by a shorter inspiratory time (Sindelar et al, J Appl Physiol, 2005 [Epub ahead of print]. Changes in lung mechanics, as observed in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome and after surfactant treatment, might therefore influence the inspiratory activity when applying PAV early after surfactant treatment. Objective To investigate the regulation of breathing and ventilatory response in surfactant-depleted young cats during PAV and during continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP early after surfactant instillation in relation to phrenic nerve activity (PNA and the activity of PSRs. Methods Seven anesthetized, endotracheally intubated young cats were exposed to periods of CPAP and PAV with the same end-expiratory pressure (0.2–0.5 kPa before and after lung lavage and after surfactant instillation. PAV was set to compensate for 75% of the lung elastic recoil. Results Tidal volume and respiratory rate were higher with lower PaCO2 and higher PaO2 during PAV than during CPAP both before and after surfactant instillation (p Conclusion PSR activity and the control of breathing are maintained during PAV in surfactant-depleted cats early after surfactant instillation, with a higher ventilatory response and a lower breathing effort than during CPAP.

  19. Dental and Chronological Ages as Determinants of Peak Growth Period and Its Relationship with Dental Calcification Stages.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Litsas, George; Lucchese, Alessandra

    2016-01-01

    To investigate the relationship between dental, chronological, and cervical vertebral maturation growth in the peak growth period, as well as to study the association between the dental calcification phases and the skeletal maturity stages during the same growth period. Subjects were selected from orthodontic pre-treatment cohorts consisting of 420 subjects where 255 were identified and enrolled into the study, comprising 145 girls and 110 boys. The lateral cephalometric and panoramic radiographs were examined from the archives of the Department of Orthodontics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece. Dental age was assessed according to the method of Demirjian, and skeletal maturation according to the Cervical Vertebral Maturation Method. Statistical elaboration included Spearman Brown formula, descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression analysis, paired samples t-test, and Spearman's rho correlation coefficient. Chronological and dental age showed a high correlation for both gender(r =0.741 for boys, r = 0.770 for girls, pStage IV for both males (r=0.554) and females (r=0.68). The lowest correlation was for the CVM Stage III in males (r=0.433, pStage II in females (r=0.393, p>0.001). The t-test revealed statistically significant differences between these variables (pstages was determined. The second molars showed the highest correlation with CVM stages (CVMS) (r= 0.65 for boys, r = 0.72 for girls). Dental age was more advanced than chronological for both boys and girls for all CVMS. During the peak period these differences were more pronounced. Moreover, all correlations between skeletal and dental stages were statistically significant. The second molars showed the highest correlation whereas the canines showed the lowest correlation for both gender.

  20. Estudios de laboratorio para el control de Ceratitis capitata (Wiedmann (Diptera: Tephritidae (Mosca del Mediterráneo con Beauveria bassiana

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    Luis Porras

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available Con el objetivo de seleccionar cepas promisorias de Beauveria bassiana para el control de Ceratitis capitata, se realizó, en condiciones de laboratorio, una serie de ensayos empleando la mosca adulta como estado vulnerable al parasitismo por el hongo entomopatógeno. Para la selección se utilizó una concentración de 5x109 CV.m-2 del hongo. Se determinó la CL90, la sobrevivencia media (SM, la compatibilidad con insecticidas, además de ensayos de producción con el hongo. Así como la compatibilidad de los insecticidas Mercaptotion 100% CE (Lupara® y Dimetoato 40% CE (Sistémico Icona con las cepas seleccionadas. Se cuantificó la viabilidad de los conidios en platos de Petri pos-tratamiento, a 50, 100 y 200% de la dosis comercial del insecticida. A partir de 7 cepas evaluadas (mortalidad 97-14% fueron seleccionadas la Bb 26, la Bb 259, la Bb 132, y la Bb 238. Los valores de CL90 estuvieron entre 1x109 y 3,8 x1011 CV.m-2 (Bb 238 y Bb 26, respectivamente. La SM de las cepas varió de 7-12 días (Bb 238 y Bb 26, respectivamente. La mayor producción fue de 7x109 UFC.mg-1 y 20,7 g.conidios.kg-1 de arroz (Bb 26. Todas las cepas fueron compatibles con Mercaptotion y la Bb 132 presentó la mayor compatibilidad con el Dimetoato. En conclusión, los ensayos en el laboratorio permitieron seleccionar cepas de B. bassiana con potencial para controlar C. capitata.

  1. The Current Landscape of Genetic Testing in Cardiovascular Malformations: Opportunities and Challenges

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    Benjamin John Landis

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available Human cardiovascular malformations (CVMs frequently have a genetic contribution. Through the application of novel technologies such as next generation sequencing, DNA sequence variants associated with CVMs are being identified at a rapid pace. While clinicians are now able to offer testing with next generation sequencing gene panels or whole exome sequencing to any patient with a CVM, the interpretation of genetic variation remains problematic. Variable phenotypic expression, reduced penetrance, inconsistent phenotyping methods, and the lack of high throughput functional testing of variants, contribute to these challenges. This article elaborates critical issues that impact the decision to broadly implement clinical molecular genetic testing in CVMs. Major benefits of testing include establishing a genetic diagnosis, facilitating cost-effective screening of family members who may have subclinical disease, predicting recurrence risk in offspring, enabling early diagnosis and anticipatory management of CV and non-CV disease phenotypes, predicting long term outcomes, and facilitating the development of novel therapies aimed at disease improvement or prevention. Limitations include financial cost, psychosocial cost, and ambiguity of interpretation of results. Multiplex families and patients with syndromic features are two groups where disease causation could potentially be firmly established. However, these account for the minority of the overall CVM population, and there is increasing recognition that genotypes previously associated with syndromes also exist in patients who lack non-CV findings. In all circumstances, ongoing dialogue between cardiologists and clinical geneticists will be needed to accurately interpret genetic testing and improve these patients’ health. This may be most effectively implemented by the creation and support of CV genetics services at centers committed to pursuing testing for patients.

  2. Evaluation of radiography as a screening method for detection and characterisation of congenital vertebral malformations in dogs.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Brocal, Josep; De Decker, Steven; José-López, Roberto; Guevar, Julien; Ortega, Maria; Parkin, Tim; Ter Haar, Gert; Gutierrez-Quintana, Rodrigo

    2018-05-19

    Congenital vertebral malformations (CVM) are common in brachycephalic 'screw-tailed' dogs; they can be associated with neurological deficits and a genetic predisposition has been suggested. The purpose of this study was to evaluate radiography as a screening method for congenital thoracic vertebral malformations in brachycephalic 'screw-tailed' dogs by comparing it with CT. Forty-nine dogs that had both radiographic and CT evaluations of the thoracic vertebral column were included. Three observers retrospectively reviewed the images independently to detect CVMs. When identified, they were classified according to a previously published radiographic classification scheme. A CT consensus was then reached. All observers identified significantly more affected vertebrae when evaluating orthogonal radiographic views compared with lateral views alone; and more affected vertebrae with the CT consensus compared with orthogonal radiographic views. Given the high number of CVMs per dog, the number of dogs classified as being CVM free was not significantly different between CT and radiography. Significantly more midline closure defects were also identified with CT compared with radiography. Malformations classified as symmetrical or ventral hypoplasias on radiography were frequently classified as ventral and medial aplasias on CT images. Our results support that CT is better than radiography for the classification of CVMs and this will be important when further evidence of which are the most clinically relevant CVMs is identified. These findings are of particular importance for designing screening schemes of CVMs that could help selective breeding programmes based on phenotype and future studies. © British Veterinary Association (unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

  3. Serum insulin-like growth factor-1 levels in females and males in different cervical vertebral maturation stages

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gupta, Shreya; Deoskar, Anuradha; Gupta, Puneet; Jain, Sandhya

    2015-01-01

    OBJECTIVE: The aim of this cross sectional study was to assess serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels in female and male subjects at various cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) stages. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study sample consisted of 60 subjects, 30 females and 30 males, in the age range of 8-23 years. For all subjects, serum IGF-1 level was estimated from blood samples by means of chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA). CVM was assessed on lateral cephalograms using the method described by Baccetti. Serum IGF-1 level and cervical staging data of 30 female subjects were included and taken from records of a previous study. Data were analyzed by Kruska-Wallis and Mann Whitney test. Bonferroni correction was carried out and alpha value was set at 0.003. RESULTS: Peak value of serum IGF-1 was observed in cervical stages CS3 in females and CS4 in males. Differences between males and females were observed in mean values of IGF-1 at stages CS3, 4 and 5. The highest mean IGF-1 levels in males was observed in CS4 followed by CS5 and third highest in CS3; whereas in females the highest mean IGF-1 levelswas observed in CS3 followed by CS4 and third highest in CS5. Trends of IGF-1 in relation to the cervical stages also differed between males and females. The greatest mean serum IGF-1 value for both sexes was comparable, for females (397 ng/ml) values were slightly higher than in males (394.8 ng/ml). CONCLUSIONS: Males and females showed differences in IGF-1 trends and levels at different cervical stages. PMID:25992990

  4. Serum insulin-like growth factor-1 levels in females and males in different cervical vertebral maturation stages.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gupta, Shreya; Deoskar, Anuradha; Gupta, Puneet; Jain, Sandhya

    2015-01-01

    The aim of this cross sectional study was to assess serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels in female and male subjects at various cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) stages. The study sample consisted of 60 subjects, 30 females and 30 males, in the age range of 8-23 years. For all subjects, serum IGF-1 level was estimated from blood samples by means of chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA). CVM was assessed on lateral cephalograms using the method described by Baccetti. Serum IGF-1 level and cervical staging data of 30 female subjects were included and taken from records of a previous study. Data were analyzed by Kruska-Wallis and Mann Whitney test. Bonferroni correction was carried out and alpha value was set at 0.003. Peak value of serum IGF-1 was observed in cervical stages CS3 in females and CS4 in males. Differences between males and females were observed in mean values of IGF-1 at stages CS3, 4 and 5. The highest mean IGF-1 levels in males was observed in CS4 followed by CS5 and third highest in CS3; whereas in females the highest mean IGF-1 levelswas observed in CS3 followed by CS4 and third highest in CS5. Trends of IGF-1 in relation to the cervical stages also differed between males and females. The greatest mean serum IGF-1 value for both sexes was comparable, for females (397 ng/ml) values were slightly higher than in males (394.8 ng/ml). Males and females showed differences in IGF-1 trends and levels at different cervical stages.

  5. Effect of aggregate size and superficial horizon differentiation on the friability index of soils cultivated with sugar cane: a multivariate approach

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    Edgar Alvaro Avila P.

    2015-04-01

    Full Text Available Soil friability is a physical property that provides valuable information for minimizing energy consumption during soil tillage and for preparing the edaphic medium for plant development. Its quantitative determination is generally carried out with aggregates obtained from soil blocks taken at fixed depths of profiles without considering the superficial horizons of the soil. The objective of the this study was to determine the effect of aggregate size and superficial horizon differentiation on the friability index (FI of some soils cultivated with sugar cane in the Geographic Valley of the Cauca River (Colombia, using univariate (CVu and multivariate (CVm coefficients of variation. The FI was evaluated using a compression test with four aggregate-size ranges taken from the Ap and A1 superficial horizons of 182 sampling sites located on 18 sugar cane farms. Of the five types of studied soils (Inceptisols, Mollisols, Vertisols, Alfisols and Ultisols, 7,280 aggregates were collected that were air dried and subsequently dried in a low-temperature oven before determining the tensile strength (TS, which was in turn used to calculate the FI using the coefficient of variation method. This study found that the FI varied with the aggregate size and the soil depth (first two horizons. Only three of the four size ranges initially selected were relevant. The CVm proved to be very useful for the selection of a more relevant value from the confidence interval of the TS from the CVu method for friability and established that the lower limit value (FIi of the TS CVu was the FI value that was closest to the multivariate measurement.

  6. Role of digitalis-like substance in the hypertension of streptozotocin-induced diabetes and simulated weightlessness in rats

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pamnani, M. B.; Chen, S.; Haddy, F. J.; Yuan, C.; Mo, Z.

    1998-01-01

    We have examined the role of plasma Na+-K+ pump inhibitor (SPI) in the hypertension of streptozotocin induced insulin dependent diabetes (IDDM) in reduced renal mass rats. The increase in blood pressure (BP) was associated with an increase in extracellular fluid volume (ECFV), and SPI and a decrease in myocardial Na+,K+ATPase (NKA) activity, suggesting that increased SPI, which inhibits cardiovascular muscle (CVM) cell NKA activity, may be involved in the mechanism of IDDM-hypertension. In a second study, using prolonged suspension resulted in a decrease in cardiac NKA activity, suggesting that cardiovascular deconditioning following space flight might in part result from insufficient SPI.

  7. Value-Focused Thinking Model to Evaluate SHM System Alternatives From Military end User Requirements Point of View

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    Klimaszewski Sławomir

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available The article describes Value-Focused Thinking (VFT model developed in order to evaluate various alternatives for implementation of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM system on a military aircraft. Four SHM system alternatives are considered based on: visual inspection (current approach, piezoelectric (PZT sensors, Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG sensors and Comparative Vacuum Monitoring (CVM sensors. A numerical example is shown to illustrate the model capability. Sensitivity analyses are performed on values such as Cost, Performance, Aircraft Availability and Technology Readiness Level in order to examine influence of these values on overall value of structural state of awareness provided by particular SHM system alternative.

  8. Localized muscle fatigue: review of three experiments Fadiga muscular localizada: revisão de três estudos

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    S Kumar

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available Background: Fatigue considerably affects rehabilitation and ergonomics. Many approaches to this complex phenomenon, ranging from physiological to psychological, have been used to obtain meaningful fatigue measurements. However, none of the methods in the literature measure fatigue directly. It is therefore of considerable interest to determine which indirect methods best represent the state. Method: Fatiguing contraction was measured at maximum voluntary contraction (MVC and 40% MVC in the biceps brachii, quadriceps and erector spinae muscles (three separate experiments. The most-reported objective measurements (contraction force, median electromyographic frequency, heart rate, muscle bed oxygenation and muscle blood volume and subjective measurements (visual analog score, body part discomfort rating and perceived exertion rate were simultaneously recorded. The data from the three experiments underwent separate statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics, linear mixed effects (to examine force fatigue predictability and trend analysis (with between and within-subject correlations were calculated. Results: Univariate ANOVA on all objective variables showed that gender was a significant factor (pContexto: A fadiga afeta consideravelmente a reabilitação e ergonomia. Muitas abordagens a este fenômeno complexo, incluindo fisiológicas e psicológicas, têm sido utilizadas para obter medidas significativas da fadiga. No entanto, nenhum dos métodos descritos na literatura mede diretamente a fadiga. É, portanto de interesse a determinação de quais dos métodos indiretos melhor representa a condição de fadiga. Método: A fadiga por contração foi medida na contração voluntária máxima (CVM e 40% da CVM em músculos bíceps braquial, quadríceps e músculos eretores da coluna (três avaliações independentes. As medidas objetivas mais relatadas (força de contração, freqüência mediana na eletromiografia, freqüência cardíaca, oxigena

  9. Morfogeometría de los peces del género Hyphessobrycon (Characiformes: Characidae, grupo heterorhabdus, en Venezuela

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    Carlos A García-Alzate

    2010-09-01

    Full Text Available El género Hyphessobrycon es uno de los más numerosos y morfológicamente complejos de la familia Characidae, incluye 122 especies válidas, de las cuales 17 están en Venezuela. El objetivo del presente estudio fue realizar un análisis morfogeométrico comparado entre las especies del género Hyphessobrycon grupo heterorhabdus; 310 ejemplares fueron fotografiados y analizados mediante el método de cerchas (Box Truss, por medio de la combinación de 16 hitos homólogos y un total de 28 mediciones. El análisis de componentes principales (ACP indicó que las diferencias entre especies están relacionadas con distancia hocico-supraoccipital (81.7% y supraoccipital-base aleta pectoral (11.87%; todas las especies tienen crecimiento alométrico, excepto Hyphessobrycon tuyensis, que presento isometría en la cercha I; las deformaciones parciales describen diferencias en la forma relacionadas con la región cefálica y la profundidad del cuerpo. Se plantea que la asociación de formas está relacionada con la filogenia y biogeografía de las especies.

  10. Identificación de parásitos en paiches “Arapaima gigas” juveniles

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    Lisandro Tafur Zevallos

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este estudio fue i dentificar parasitosis en paiches juveniles “ Arapaima gigas” , criados en cautiverio en el instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonia Peruana (IIAP - Ucayali Perú. En una población de 190 juveniles se tomó una muestra al azar de 50 ejemplares de 2,5 años de edad . La técnica de evaluación fue visual - directa y microscópica. Se identificaron 5 ectoparásitos: Trichodina sp . (Protozoario ciliado, Dolosp sp . (Crustáceo, Dawestrema cycloancistrium (Monogeneo, Dawestrema cycloancistroides (Monogeneo y Placobdella sp. (Sanguijuela; se encontraron 3 endoparásitos: Nilonema senticosum (Nemátodo, Caballerotrema sp . (Tremátodo y Gymnodinium sp. (Protozoario flagelado; no se identificaron hemoparásitos en los frotis sanguíneos. Los parásitos se localizaron en los siguie ntes órganos: f ilamentos branquiales ( Trichodina sp. Dawestrema cycloancistrium y Dawestrema cycloancistroides , piel y aletas ( Trichodina sp., Placobdella sp. y Dolosp sp. , vejiga aerífera o seudo pulmón ( Nilonema senticosum , intestino ( Caballerotrema s p. y estómago (Gymnodinium sp..

  11. Accurate antemortem diagnosis of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) based on detecting intrathecal antibodies against Sarcocystis neurona using the SnSAG2 and SnSAG4/3 ELISAs.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Reed, S M; Howe, D K; Morrow, J K; Graves, A; Yeargan, M R; Johnson, A L; MacKay, R J; Furr, M; Saville, W J A; Williams, N M

    2013-01-01

    Recent work demonstrated the value of antigen-specific antibody indices (AI and C-value) to detect intrathecal antibody production against Sarcocystis neurona for antemortem diagnosis of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM). The study was conducted to assess whether the antigen-specific antibody indices can be reduced to a simple serum : cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) titer ratio to achieve accurate EPM diagnosis. Paired serum and CSF samples from 128 horses diagnosed by postmortem examination. The sample set included 44 EPM cases, 35 cervical-vertebral malformation (CVM) cases, 39 neurologic cases other than EPM or CVM, and 10 non-neurologic cases. Antibodies against S. neurona were measured in serum and CSF pairs using the SnSAG2 and SnSAG4/3 (SnSAG2, 4/3) ELISAs, and the ratio of each respective serum titer to CSF titer was determined. Likelihood ratios and diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were calculated based on serum titers, CSF titers, and serum : CSF titer ratios. Excellent diagnostic sensitivity and specificity was obtained from the SnSAG2, 4/3 serum : CSF titer ratio. Sensitivity and specificity of 93.2 and 81.1%, respectively, were achieved using a ratio cutoff of ≤100, whereas sensitivity and specificity were 86.4 and 95.9%, respectively, if a more rigorous cutoff of ≤50 was used. Antibody titers in CSF also provided good diagnostic accuracy. Serum antibody titers alone yielded much lower sensitivity and specificity. The study confirms the value of detecting intrathecal antibody production for antemortem diagnosis of EPM, and they further show that the antigen-specific antibody indices can be reduced in practice to a simple serum : CSF titer ratio. Copyright © 2013 by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.

  12. Evidenciação de instrumentos financeiros derivativos nas demonstrações contábeis: uma análise das empresas brasileiras

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    Leandro Luís Darós

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available Dentro da perspectiva de governança corporativa e de acordo com a Instrução Normativa 235 da Comissão de Valores Mobiliários - CVM, este trabalho apresenta uma pesquisa empírica sobre as formas de evidenciação de instrumentos financeiros derivativos nas Demonstrações Contábeis divulgadas no Brasil. Foram analisadas as Demonstrações Contábeis das vinte maiores empresas brasileiras não financeiras classificadas de acordo com a receita líquida. Como resultado constatou-se que a grande maioria das empresas não atende às determinações da CVM e não evidencia, de forma clara, concisa e objetiva, as informações referentes às suas operações envolvendo instrumentos financeiros derivativos. As principais divergências estão na falta de avaliação dos instrumentos a preços de mercado, ausência de divulgação das políticas de investimento em derivativos e falta de controle do risco de mercado, câmbio e crédito.In the context of financial statement disclosure and in accordance with determinations by the Brazilian Securities and Exchange Commission, this study presents rules and ways to disclose derivatives in financial statements. In the empirical analysis, we examined the financial statements of the twenty biggest public companies arranged by revenue. We verified that many companies do not comply with the Brazilian Securities and Exchange Commission's determinations and do not present a clear, concise and objective disclosure of related financial information. The main problems were related to the lack of evaluation in terms of fair value, lack of dissemination of investment policies in derivatives and quantitative and qualitative control of market, credit and exchange risks.

  13. Detection of haplotypes associated with prenatal death in dairy cattle and identification of deleterious mutations in GART, SHBG and SLC37A2.

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    Sébastien Fritz

    Full Text Available The regular decrease of female fertility over time is a major concern in modern dairy cattle industry. Only half of this decrease is explained by indirect response to selection on milk production, suggesting the existence of other factors such as embryonic lethal genetic defects. Genomic regions harboring recessive deleterious mutations were detected in three dairy cattle breeds by identifying frequent haplotypes (>1% showing a deficit in homozygotes among Illumina Bovine 50k Beadchip haplotyping data from the French genomic selection database (47,878 Holstein, 16,833 Montbéliarde, and 11,466 Normande animals. Thirty-four candidate haplotypes (p<10(-4 including previously reported regions associated with Brachyspina, CVM, HH1, and HH3 in Holstein breed were identified. Haplotype length varied from 1 to 4.8 Mb and frequencies from 1.7 up to 9%. A significant negative effect on calving rate, consistent in heifers and in lactating cows, was observed for 9 of these haplotypes in matings between carrier bulls and daughters of carrier sires, confirming their association with embryonic lethal mutations. Eight regions were further investigated using whole genome sequencing data from heterozygous bull carriers and control animals (45 animals in total. Six strong candidate causative mutations including polymorphisms previously reported in FANCI (Brachyspina, SLC35A3 (CVM, APAF1 (HH1 and three novel mutations with very damaging effect on the protein structure, according to SIFT and Polyphen-2, were detected in GART, SHBG and SLC37A2 genes. In conclusion, this study reveals a yet hidden consequence of the important inbreeding rate observed in intensively selected and specialized cattle breeds. Counter-selection of these mutations and management of matings will have positive consequences on female fertility in dairy cattle.

  14. Serum insulin-like growth factor-1 levels in females and males in different cervical vertebral maturation stages

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    Shreya Gupta

    2015-04-01

    Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: The aim of this cross sectional study was to assess serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1 levels in female and male subjects at various cervical vertebral maturation (CVM stages. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study sample consisted of 60 subjects, 30 females and 30 males, in the age range of 8-23 years. For all subjects, serum IGF-1 level was estimated from blood samples by means of chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA. CVM was assessed on lateral cephalograms using the method described by Baccetti. Serum IGF-1 level and cervical staging data of 30 female subjects were included and taken from records of a previous study. Data were analyzed by Kruska-Wallis and Mann Whitney test. Bonferroni correction was carried out and alpha value was set at 0.003. RESULTS: Peak value of serum IGF-1 was observed in cervical stages CS3 in females and CS4 in males. Differences between males and females were observed in mean values of IGF-1 at stages CS3, 4 and 5. The highest mean IGF-1 levels in males was observed in CS4 followed by CS5 and third highest in CS3; whereas in females the highest mean IGF-1 levelswas observed in CS3 followed by CS4 and third highest in CS5. Trends of IGF-1 in relation to the cervical stages also differed between males and females. The greatest mean serum IGF-1 value for both sexes was comparable, for females (397 ng/ml values were slightly higher than in males (394.8 ng/ml. CONCLUSIONS: Males and females showed differences in IGF-1 trends and levels at different cervical stages.

  15. Detection of Haplotypes Associated with Prenatal Death in Dairy Cattle and Identification of Deleterious Mutations in GART, SHBG and SLC37A2

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fritz, Sébastien; Capitan, Aurelien; Djari, Anis; Rodriguez, Sabrina C.; Barbat, Anne; Baur, Aurélia; Grohs, Cécile; Weiss, Bernard; Boussaha, Mekki; Esquerré, Diane; Klopp, Christophe; Rocha, Dominique; Boichard, Didier

    2013-01-01

    The regular decrease of female fertility over time is a major concern in modern dairy cattle industry. Only half of this decrease is explained by indirect response to selection on milk production, suggesting the existence of other factors such as embryonic lethal genetic defects. Genomic regions harboring recessive deleterious mutations were detected in three dairy cattle breeds by identifying frequent haplotypes (>1%) showing a deficit in homozygotes among Illumina Bovine 50k Beadchip haplotyping data from the French genomic selection database (47,878 Holstein, 16,833 Montbéliarde, and 11,466 Normande animals). Thirty-four candidate haplotypes (p<10−4) including previously reported regions associated with Brachyspina, CVM, HH1, and HH3 in Holstein breed were identified. Haplotype length varied from 1 to 4.8 Mb and frequencies from 1.7 up to 9%. A significant negative effect on calving rate, consistent in heifers and in lactating cows, was observed for 9 of these haplotypes in matings between carrier bulls and daughters of carrier sires, confirming their association with embryonic lethal mutations. Eight regions were further investigated using whole genome sequencing data from heterozygous bull carriers and control animals (45 animals in total). Six strong candidate causative mutations including polymorphisms previously reported in FANCI (Brachyspina), SLC35A3 (CVM), APAF1 (HH1) and three novel mutations with very damaging effect on the protein structure, according to SIFT and Polyphen-2, were detected in GART, SHBG and SLC37A2 genes. In conclusion, this study reveals a yet hidden consequence of the important inbreeding rate observed in intensively selected and specialized cattle breeds. Counter-selection of these mutations and management of matings will have positive consequences on female fertility in dairy cattle. PMID:23762392

  16. Comparing Value of Urban Green Space Using Contingent Valuation and Travel Cost Methods

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chintantya, Dea; Maryono

    2018-02-01

    Green urban open space are an important element of the city. They gives multiple benefits for social life, human health, biodiversity, air quality, carbon sequestration, and water management. Travel Cost Method (TCM) and Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) are the most frequently used method in various studies that assess environmental good and services in monetary term for valuing urban green space. Both of those method are determined the value of urban green space through willingness to pay (WTP) for ecosystem benefit and collected data through direct interview and questionnaire. Findings of this study showed the weaknesses and strengths of both methods for valuing urban green space and provided factors influencing the probability of user's willingness to pay in each method.

  17. Excited states in 146Sm and 147Sm

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kownacki, J.; Sujkowski, Z.; Hammaren, E.; Liukkonen, E.; Piiparinen, M.; Lindblad, Th.; Ryde, H.

    1979-10-01

    The sup(144,146)Nd(α,xn) and sup(146,148)Nd( 3 He,xn) reactions with Esub(α) = 20 - 43 MeV and E 3 sub(He) = 19 - 27 MeV are used to investigate excited states in the isotopes 146 Sm and 147 Sm. The experiments involve measurements of singles γ-ray spectra and conversion electron spectra, γ-ray angular distributions and three parameter (E sub(γ)E sub(γ) time) coincidences. From these experiments information is obtained for states with spin up to I = 13 + and I = 27/2 - , respectively, These states are interpeted within the framework of the cluster-vibration model (CVM) as well as the shell model. (author)

  18. Larval development of Evermannia zosterura (Perciformes: Gobiidae

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Enrique González-Navarro

    2014-08-01

    Full Text Available La familia Gobiidae es la más diversa de los peces en el mundo con casi 2 000 especies, sin embargo solo el 11% de ellos han sido descritos en sus estadios larvarios. El conocimiento del ciclo de vida completo es esencial para entender la biología y ecología de este importante grupo de peces. Muestras de zooplancton obtenidas de la Ensenada de La Paz, México, mostraron la presencia de varias larvas y juveniles de Gobiidae, las cuales fueron identificadas como Evermania zosterura. El principal objetivo de este trabajo fue describir los estadios larvarios de esta especie ampliamente distribuida en el Pacífico tropical Oriental. Se describió el desarrollo larvario de E. zosterura con base en 66 especímenes recolectados en la Ensenada de La Paz, México. Sólo 53 especímenes se usaron para describir la morfometría y el patrón de pigmentación, mientras que 13 ejemplares transparentados y teñidos se utilizaron para obtener las características merísticas. Los especímenes transparentados tuvieron de 30 a 31 vertebras totales; los elementos de las aletas dorsales fueron IV; I, 13-14, los de la aleta anal I, 13-14 y la mayoría tuvo una formula pterigiofórica de 4-111100. La combinación de estas características, confirmó que pertenecen a E. zosterura. El patrón de pigmentación es muy similar a lo largo del desarrollo. Las larvas se caracterizan por tener de tres a cinco melanóforos de tipo dendrítico sobre el borde ventral post-anal, de cuatro a nueve melanóforos más pequeños sobre el borde ventral pre-anal, entre el istmo y el ano, otro melanóforo se presenta a la mitad del margen dorsal de la cola. Hay una pequeña mancha de pigmento en el ángulo de la maxila y otra en la punta del labio inferior. Hay un pigmento interno alargado por debajo de la notocorda, entre la cabeza y la vejiga natatoria. La flexión de la notocorda se inicia a los 3.5mm BL y termina a los 4.6mm BL; la transformación al estadio juvenil es cercana a

  19. Securitization, Credit Rating and Issuers’ Characteristics

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    Mauricio Palmada Fernandes

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Given the growth of securitization through Credit Receivables Investment Funds (Fundos de Investimento em Direitos Creditórios - FIDCs in Brazil in recent years, this work aims to investigate empirically the relationship between securitization and credit rating in the Brazilian market. All issues of FIDCs held by banks and registered in the CVM from 2005 to July 2010 were analyzed. The two hypotheses discussed by Gorton and Souleles (2005 were confirmed to Brazilian financial institutions. There is evidence of an implied contract between the transferor companies and investors in securitizations made via FIDCs. Companies with higher credit risk, worst ratings, tend to securitize more. However no relationship was found between securitization and asset value, amount of loans or capital ratio.

  20. Application of the genetic algorithm to blume-emery-griffiths model: Test Cases

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Erdinc, A.

    2004-01-01

    The equilibrium properties of the Blume-Emery-Griffiths (BEO) model Hamiltonian with the arbitrary bilinear (1), biquadratic (K) and crystal field interaction (D) are studied using the genetic algorithm technique. Results are compared with lowest approximation of the cluster variation method (CVM), which is identical to the mean field approximation. We found that the genetic algorithm to be very efficient for fast search at the average fraction of the spins, especially in the early stages as the system is far from the equilibrium state. A combination of the genetic algorithm followed by one of the well-tested simulation techniques seems to be an optimal approach. The curvature of the inverse magnetic susceptibility is also presented for the stable state of the BEG model

  1. Comparing Value of Urban Green Space Using Contingent Valuation and Travel Cost Methods

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Chintantya Dea

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available Green urban open space are an important element of the city. They gives multiple benefits for social life, human health, biodiversity, air quality, carbon sequestration, and water management. Travel Cost Method (TCM and Contingent Valuation Method (CVM are the most frequently used method in various studies that assess environmental good and services in monetary term for valuing urban green space. Both of those method are determined the value of urban green space through willingness to pay (WTP for ecosystem benefit and collected data through direct interview and questionnaire. Findings of this study showed the weaknesses and strengths of both methods for valuing urban green space and provided factors influencing the probability of user’s willingness to pay in each method.

  2. Parásitos de alevinos de gamitana (Colossoma macropomum y paco (Piaractus brachypomus cultivados en el C.I. Quistococha, Loreto, Perú

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernando Alcántara Bocanegra

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available En acuicultura, los peces son susceptibles al ataque de virus, bacterias, hongos y ectoparásitos. Estos organismos se tornan en un serio problema cuando los peces se encuentran con bajas defensas naturales, se crían en altas densidades y/o se altera drásticamente la calidad de agua. El objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar la fauna de parásitos presentes en alevinos de paco (Piaractus brachypomus y gamitana (Colossoma macropomum provenientes de estanques del Centro de Investigación Quistococha del IIAP. Un total de 30 ejemplares de cada especie fueron examinados a través de la preparación de frotis fresco de branquias, piel, aletas y tubo digestivo. Entre las dos especies estudiadas, gamitana demostró una mayor prevalencia de infestación, mayor intensidad de parásitos y mayor índice de infestación parasitaria. Los alevinos de paco mostraron una mayor resistencia a la propagación y al ataque de parásitos. Se identificaron monogeneos de las familias Dactylogyridae y Gyrodactylidae, solo en gamitana, mientras que el protozoo ciliado Trichodina se halló exclusivamente en paco. Los parásitos identificados no causaron ninguna mortalidad en los peces.

  3. Relationship between age at menarche and skeletal maturation stages in Taiwanese female orthodontic patients.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lai, Eddie Hsiang-Hua; Chang, Jenny Zwei-Chieng; Jane Yao, Chung-Chen; Tsai, Shih-Jaw; Liu, Jen-Pei; Chen, Yi-Jane; Lin, Chun-Pin

    2008-07-01

    The age at menarche reflects a pubertal girl's physiologic maturity. The aims of this study were to evaluate the relationship between the age at menarche and skeletal maturation in female orthodontic patients. Hand-wrist radiographs and lateral cephalometric radiographs from 304 adolescent female subjects (age, 8-18.9 years) were selected from the files of the Department of Orthodontics, National Taiwan University Hospital (NTUH). Hand-wrist bone maturation stages were assessed using the NTUH Skeletal Maturation Index (NTUH-SMI). Cervical vertebral maturation stages (CVMS) were determined using the latest CVMS Index. Menarcheal ages were self-reported by the patients and verified by the patients' mothers. The relationships between the NTUH-SMI or CVM stages and menarcheal status were investigated. More than 90% of the 148 subjects who had already attained menstruation had skeletal maturation beyond the NTUH-SMI stage four or CVMS III. However, the subjects who had never experienced menarche mostly had skeletal maturation before NTUH-SMI stage five or CVMS IV. During the period of orthodontic treatment, 19 females experienced their menarche. The mean age at menarche for the 167 female patients in total was 11.97 years. In average, menarche occurred between NTUH-SMI stages four and five or between CVM stages III and IV. The percentage of girls with menses increased from 1.2% at age 9 to 6.6% at age 10, 39.5% at age 11, 81.4% at age 12, 97% at age 13, and 100% at age 14. Compared with the results obtained 20 years previously, we found a downward shift of 0.47 years per decade for the mean age at menarche in female orthodontic patients. The majority of female orthodontic patients have passed the pubertal growth spurt when they experience their menarche. Menarche usually follows the pubertal growth spurt by about 1 year and occurs after NTUH-SMI stage four or CVMS III.

  4. Evaluation of Children Playing a New-Generation Motion-Sensitive Active Videogame by Accelerometry and Indirect Calorimetry.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Reading, Stacey A; Prickett, Karel

    2013-06-01

    New-generation active videogames (AVGs) use motion-capture video cameras to connect a player's arm, leg, and body movements through three-dimensional space to on-screen activity. We sought to determine if the whole-body movements required to play the AVG elicited moderate-intensity physical activity (PA) in children. A secondary aim was to examine the utility of using accelerometry to measure the activity intensity of AVG play in this age group. The PA levels of boys (n=26) and girls (n=15) 5-12 years of age were measured by triaxial accelerometry (n=25) or accelerometry and indirect calorimetry (IC) (n=16) while playing the "Kinect Adventures!" videogame for the Xbox Kinect (Microsoft(®), Redmond, WA) gaming system. The experiment simulated a typical 20-minute in-home free-play gaming session. Using 10-second recording epochs, the average (mean±standard deviation) PA intensity over 20 minutes was 4.4±0.9, 3.2±0.7, and 3.3±0.6 metabolic equivalents (METs) when estimated by IC or vertical axis (Crouter et al. intermittent lifestyle equation for vertical axis counts/10 seconds [Cva2RM]) and vector magnitude (Crouter et al. intermittent lifestyle equation for vector magnitude counts/10 seconds [Cvm2RM]) accelerometry. In total, 16.9±3.2 (IC), 10.6±4.5 (Cva2RM), and 11.1±3.9 (Cvm2RM) minutes of game playing time were at a 3 MET intensity or higher. In this study, children played the Xbox Kinect AVG at moderate-intensity PA levels. The study also showed that current accelerometry-based methods underestimated the PA of AVG play compared with IC. With proper guidance and recommendations for use, video motion-capture AVG systems could reduce sedentary screen time and increase total daily moderate PA levels for children. Further study of these AVG systems is warranted.

  5. O ativo diferido das empresas que entraram para o mercado de capitais brasileiro no anode 2007: uma análise empírica = The active deferred companies enterea for the brasilian capital markets in the 2007: an empirical analysis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcelo Haendchen Dutra

    2009-11-01

    Full Text Available O presente trabalho tem como objetivo verificar se os gastos contabilizados no ativo diferido das empresas que entraram para o mercado de capitais brasileiro (BOVESPA no ano de 2007 possuem a capacidade de impactar significativamente seus resultados econômicos. Para atingir o objetivo proposto realizou-se um levantamento a partir dos dados publicados na homepage da CVM. A pesquisa tem caráter descritivo e a abordagem adotada dá-se tanto qualitativa quanto quantitativamente, utilizando-se para a análise e interpretação dos dados a técnica de análise documental. São escrutadas as demonstrações contábeis consolidadas e as notas explicativas de 63 das 92 companhias que entraram para o mercado de capitais brasileiro no ano de 2007.Verifica-se que, deste contexto, 35 empresas apresentam valores considerados ‘Relevantes’ se comparados a outras contas do seu balanço patrimonial, muito embora que em apenas 2 destas tenha sido observado, clara e objetivamente, uma significativa capacidade de impactar em seus resultados econômicos. The present study has the objective to verify if the accounting spending of the Deferred Asset ofcompanies that entered for the Brazilian Capital Market (BOVESPA in the year of 2007 they ownthe capacity of producing significant impact in yours economic results. To reach the proposedgoal, an survey study was going accomplished with data published in the CVM Homepage. Theresearch has an descriptive character and used the Documental Analysis technique for the dataanalysis and interpretation. The approach adopted was both qualitative and quantitative. 63among 92 companies that entered for the Brazilian Capital Market in the year of 2007 arescrutinized through of their consolidated financial statement and explanatory note. In 35companies of this context are presented values that considered ‘Material’ if compared to othersaccounts of your balance sheet, however in only 2 have been observed, clear and objectively

  6. Operações de Hedge no Agronegócio - Uma Análise Baseada no Hedging Accounting'

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Jose de Camargo Machado De Zen

    2009-10-01

    Full Text Available O mercado de derivativos vem ganhando importância no contexto econômico mundial, demandando procedimentos contábeis que evidenciem corretamente os riscos e os benefícios envolvidos em tais operações. Desta maneira, este artigo mostra e discute aspectos da contabilização de operações de hedge, utilizando como base para análise, dois instrumentos utilizados com a finalidade de hedge no agronegócio brasileiro: a Cédula de Produto Rural (CPR e os contratos futuros agropecuários. Através de pesquisa bibliográfica, foram estudados os procedimentos do Hedging Accounting, segundo a normatização do FASB, e da CVM. Através do desenvolvimento de um exemplo teórico foram analisados e discutidos estes procedimentos, comparando as divergências de critérios entre as normas dos dois órgãos citados, e o impacto destes na análise das demonstrações financeiras tanto do produtor rural como da agroindústria. Esta análise demonstra que há divergências significativas na evidenciação destes instrumentos, principalmente dos contratos futuros, entre as normas analisadas. Ja para a CPR, foi proposta uma contabilização segundo o conceito de "derivativo embutido", conceito este contemplado pelo próprio FASB para alguns contratos com características híbridas. Existe uma necessidade de adequação das normas da CVM ao FASB, visto a importância de evidenciar estas operações no "corpo"do balanço, tanto no aspecto de exposição ao risco, como para a comparando de estratégias diferentes de proteção. No entanto, analisando somente dois títulos, fica evidente a dificuldade da adequação das normas brasileiras ao FASB.

  7. Imaging of Upper-Mantle Upwelling Beneath the Salton Trough, Southern California, by Joint Inversion of Ambient Noise Dispersion Curves and Receiver Functions

    Science.gov (United States)

    Klemperer, S. L.; Barak, S.

    2016-12-01

    We present a new 2D shear-wave velocity model of the crust and upper-mantle across the Salton Trough, southern California, obtained by jointly inverting our new dataset of receiver functions and our previously published Rayleigh-wave group-velocity model (Barak et al., G-cubed, 2015), obtained from ambient-noise tomography. Our results show an upper-mantle low-velocity zone (LVZ) with Vs ≤4.2 km/s extending from the Elsinore Fault to the Sand Hills Fault, that together bracket the full width of major San Andreas dextral motion since its inception 6 Ma b.p., and underlying the full width of low topography of the Imperial Valley and Salton Trough. The lateral extent of the LVZ is coincident with the lateral extent of an upper-mantle anisotropic region interpreted as a zone of SAF-parallel melt pockets (Barak & Klemperer, Geology, 2016). The shallowest part of the LVZ is 40 km depth, coincident with S-receiver function images. The western part of the LVZ, between the Elsinore and San Jacinto faults (the region of greatest modern dextral slip), appears to continue to significantly greater depth; but a puzzling feature of our preliminary models is that the eastern part of the LVZ, from the San Jacinto Fault to the Sand Hills Fault, appears to be underlain by more-normalvelocity upper mantle (Vs ≥ 4.5 km/s) below 75 km depth. We compare our model to the current SCEC community models CVM-H and CVM-S, and to P-wave velocity models obtained by the active-source Salton Sea Imaging Project (SSIP). The hypothesized lower-crustal low-velocity zone beneath the Salton Trough in our previous model (Barak et al., G-cubed, 2015), there interpreted as a region of partial melt, is not supported by our new modeling. Melt may be largely absent from the lower crust of the Salton trough; but appears required in the upper mantle at depths as shallow as 40 km.

  8. Integration of structural health monitoring solutions onto commercial aircraft via the Federal Aviation Administration structural health monitoring research program

    Science.gov (United States)

    Swindell, Paul; Doyle, Jon; Roach, Dennis

    2017-02-01

    The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) started a research program in structural health monitoring (SHM) in 2011. The program's goal was to understand the technical gaps of implementing SHM on commercial aircraft and the potential effects on FAA regulations and guidance. The program evolved into a demonstration program consisting of a team from Sandia National Labs Airworthiness Assurance NDI Center (AANC), the Boeing Corporation, Delta Air Lines, Structural Monitoring Systems (SMS), Anodyne Electronics Manufacturing Corp (AEM) and the FAA. This paper will discuss the program from the selection of the inspection problem, the SHM system (Comparative Vacuum Monitoring-CVM) that was selected as the inspection solution and the testing completed to provide sufficient data to gain the first approved use of an SHM system for routine maintenance on commercial US aircraft.

  9. Attachment Style and Internet Addiction: An Online Survey.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Eichenberg, Christiane; Schott, Markus; Decker, Oliver; Sindelar, Brigitte

    2017-05-17

    One of the clinically relevant problems of Internet use is the phenomenon of Internet addiction. Considering the fact that there is ample evidence for the relationship between attachment style and substance abuse, it stands to reason that attachment theory can also make an important contribution to the understanding of the pathogenesis of Internet addiction. The aim of this study was to examine people's tendency toward pathological Internet usage in relation to their attachment style. An online survey was conducted. Sociodemographic data, attachment style (Bielefeld questionnaire partnership expectations), symptoms of Internet addiction (scale for online addiction for adults), used Web-based services, and online relationship motives (Cyber Relationship Motive Scale, CRMS-D) were assessed. In order to confirm the findings, a study using the Rorschach test was also conducted. In total, 245 subjects were recruited. Participants with insecure attachment style showed a higher tendency to pathological Internet usage compared with securely attached participants. An ambivalent attachment style was particularly associated with pathological Internet usage. Escapist and social-compensatory motives played an important role for insecurely attached subjects. However, there were no significant effects with respect to Web-based services and apps used. Results of the analysis of the Rorschach protocol with 16 subjects corroborated these results. Users with pathological Internet use frequently showed signs of infantile relationship structures in the context of social groups. This refers to the results of the Web-based survey, in which interpersonal relationships were the result of an insecure attachment style. Pathological Internet use was a function of insecure attachment and limited interpersonal relationships. ©Christiane Eichenberg, Markus Schott, Oliver Decker, Brigitte Sindelar. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 17.05.2017.

  10. Determinants of Farmers’ Willingness to Pay and Its Level for Ecological Compensation of Poyang Lake Wetland, China: A Household-Level Survey

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fanbin Kong

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available This study examines the determinants of farmers’ willingness to pay (WTP and their payment levels for ecological compensation of the Poyang Lake Wetland in China. We developed a farmer household survey and gathered 292 effective responses. The contingent valuation method (CVM and Heckman’s two-step model were employed for the empirical study. Results show that 46.58% of farmers are willing to pay ecological compensation, with an average price of $64.39/household per year. The influencing factors that significantly influence farmers’ WTP include household income, residential location, emphasis on improvement of wetland resources, arable land area, and contracted water area. In addition, household income, residential location, arable land area, and contracted water area are significantly related to their payment levels. The results of this empirical study inform important policy implications and recommendations.

  11. Exploring factors influencing farmers' willingness to pay (WTP) for a planned adaptation programme to address climatic issues in agricultural sectors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ahmed, Adeel; Masud, Muhammad Mehedi; Al-Amin, Abul Quasem; Yahaya, Siti Rohani Binti; Rahman, Mahfuzur; Akhtar, Rulia

    2015-06-01

    This study empirically estimates farmers' willingness to pay (WTP) for a planned adaptation programme for addressing climate issues in Pakistan's agricultural sectors. The contingent valuation method (CVM) was employed to determine a monetary valuation of farmers' preferences for a planned adaptation programme by ascertaining the value attached to address climatic issues. The survey was conducted by distributing structured questionnaires among Pakistani farmers. The study found that 67 % of respondents were willing to pay for a planned adaptation programme. However, several socioeconomic and motivational factors exert greater influence on their willingness to pay (WTP). This paper specifies the steps needed for all institutional bodies to better address issues in climate change. The outcomes of this paper will support attempts by policy makers to design an efficient adaptation framework for mitigating and adapting to the adverse impacts of climate change.

  12. Vascular low-flow malformations in children: current concepts for classification, diagnosis and therapy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Puig, Stefan; Casati, Bettina; Staudenherz, Anton; Paya, Kurosh

    2005-01-01

    Congenital vascular malformations (CVM) are made of dysplastic vessels with no cellular proliferation. Low- or slow-flow malformations (LFM) consist predominantly of venous and/or lymphatic vessels. Correct terminology is necessary for differentiating vascular malformations from tumours such as haemangiomas, in order to prevent ineffective or even adverse therapy. The role of the radiologist in the management of patients is two-fold: making the diagnosis with the use of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, and performing sclerotherapy, which is the treatment of choice. Prior to sclerotherapy, percutaneous phlebography is necessary to visualize the dynamic situation inside the lesion and the flow into the adjacent vascular system. The double-needle technique is a useful therapy option reducing the risk of embolisation of the sclerosing agent. Large lesions might need subsequent surgical treatment. A multidisciplinary approach is substantial for optimal patient management

  13. Quantitative assessment of cervical vertebral maturation using cone beam computed tomography in Korean girls.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Byun, Bo-Ram; Kim, Yong-Il; Yamaguchi, Tetsutaro; Maki, Koutaro; Son, Woo-Sung

    2015-01-01

    This study was aimed to examine the correlation between skeletal maturation status and parameters from the odontoid process/body of the second vertebra and the bodies of third and fourth cervical vertebrae and simultaneously build multiple regression models to be able to estimate skeletal maturation status in Korean girls. Hand-wrist radiographs and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were obtained from 74 Korean girls (6-18 years of age). CBCT-generated cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) was used to demarcate the odontoid process and the body of the second cervical vertebra, based on the dentocentral synchondrosis. Correlation coefficient analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used for each parameter of the cervical vertebrae (P cervical vertebral body and odontoid process, respectively, for the multiple regression models. This suggests that quantitative analysis might be used to estimate skeletal maturation status.

  14. Developpement de techniques numeriques pour l'estimation, la modelisation et la prediction de proprietes thermodynamiques et structurales de systems metalliques a fort ordonnancement chimique

    Science.gov (United States)

    Harvey, Jean-Philippe

    In this work, the possibility to calculate and evaluate with a high degree of precision the Gibbs energy of complex multiphase equilibria for which chemical ordering is explicitly and simultaneously considered in the thermodynamic description of solid (short range order and long range order) and liquid (short range order) metallic phases is studied. The cluster site approximation (CSA) and the cluster variation method (CVM) are implemented in a new minimization technique of the Gibbs energy of multicomponent and multiphase systems to describe the thermodynamic behaviour of metallic solid solutions showing strong chemical ordering. The modified quasichemical model in the pair approximation (MQMPA) is also implemented in the new minimization algorithm presented in this work to describe the thermodynamic behaviour of metallic liquid solutions. The constrained minimization technique implemented in this work consists of a sequential quadratic programming technique based on an exact Newton’s method (i.e. the use of exact second derivatives in the determination of the Hessian of the objective function) combined to a line search method to identify a direction of sufficient decrease of the merit function. The implementation of a new algorithm to perform the constrained minimization of the Gibbs energy is justified by the difficulty to identify, in specific cases, the correct multiphase assemblage of a system where the thermodynamic behaviour of the equilibrium phases is described by one of the previously quoted models using the FactSage software (ex.: solid_CSA+liquid_MQMPA; solid1_CSA+solid2_CSA). After a rigorous validation of the constrained Gibbs energy minimization algorithm using several assessed binary and ternary systems found in the literature, the CVM and the CSA models used to describe the energetic behaviour of metallic solid solutions present in systems with key industrial applications such as the Cu-Zr and the Al-Zr systems are parameterized using fully

  15. Asociación de la abundancia y la distribución vertical de atunes y peces de pico en el sureste del Mar Caribe

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nora Eslava

    2003-03-01

    Full Text Available Se estimó la profundidad de suspensión de los anzuelos del palangre usando el método de Imitación Mecánica de los Sistemas Flexibles, mientras que la distribución vertical de atunes y peces de pico se determinó mediante el índice de abundancia relativa obtenido de capturas de barcos palangreros (11 a 25 m de eslora del puerto de Cumaná, Venezuela y que operan en el Mar Caribe a una profundidad de 65 a 142 m. Se evaluó la CPUE por especie de acuerdo a la profundidad, encontrándose valores altos en la mayoría de los individuos de las especies capturadas en el estrato de 105 a 125 m. El atún aleta amarilla (Thunnus albacares fue el que presentó los más altos rendimientos (3.37 peces/100 anzuelos, mientras que la aguja azul (Makaira nigricans los más bajos (0.04 peces/100 anzuelos. La comparación estadística no permitió rechazar la hipótesis de ausencia del efecto de profundidad (Kruskal-Wallis p > .05, y se puso en evidencia una distribución homogénea, en la columna de agua, del atún aleta amarilla (Thunnus albacares, albacora (Thunnus alalung a, ojo gordo (Thunnus obesus, pez vela (Istiophorus albican s, aguja blanca (Tetrapturus albidus y aguja azul (Makaira nigrican s. Se concluye que la concentración de la pesca en el margen sur del Mar Caribe, posiblemente, es debido a varios factores hidroclimáticos tales como la temperatura del agua y la concentración de oxígeno disuelto que influyen sobre la captura de los atunes y peces de pico delimitando su distribución con res-pecto a la profundidad.The longline hooks suspension depth was estimated using the Mechanic Imitation of Flexible Systems method. The vertical distribution of tunas and billfish was determined by the relative abundance index, obtained from the catch by 11 to 25 m -long longline vessels, -based at Cumaná, Venezuela, South-eastern Caribbean Sea in depths of 65 to 142 m. The CPUE was evaluated per species, according to depth. High values were found for

  16. Los renacuajos de los anuros (Amphibia altoandinos de Venezuela: morfología externa y claves

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Abraham Mijares-Urrutia

    1998-03-01

    Full Text Available Se hizo una revisión de las referencias pertinentes y se examinaron una serie de lotes de renacuajos representativos (al menos una especie por cada género de los anuros altoandinos de Venezuela. Se presentan también una lista de 41 caracteres con algunas ilustraciones explicativas, intentando describir en detalle la morfología externa larvaria de esos anuros. Se propone emplear la medición de ángulos respecto al eje longitudinal del cuerpo para establecer la forma de la punta de la cola y la ubicación del aparato oral. Igualmente, se tomaron 19 medidas para determinar las proporciones morfológicas. Se incluye una clave para identificar a partir exclusi-vamente de caracteres morfológicos externos (presencia/ausencia, tamaño, forma, número, ubicación, etc., los cuales no se modifican (o apenas se modifican ligeramente a lo largo de los estadios de desarrollo larvario más jóvenes e intermedios. Esta clave sirve para identificar los renacuajos al nivel de familia y género de las ranas y sapos que habitan en la región antes mencionada. La clave abarca seis familias y 11 géneros. Adicionalmente, y como un modelo de este trabajo, se describe e ilustra por primera vez el renacuajo de Hyla pelidna, coincidiendo bastante bien con las características larvarias del grupo de H. labialis (fórmula de filas de queratodontes 1/2 o 2/2, papilas marginales en filas múltiples, diastema rostral presente, abertura cloacal diestra y abdominal [separado de la aleta ventral], aletas caudales más anchas que la musculatura caudal a la mitad de su longitud, abertura narinal con un anillo carnoso, liso, no protuberante. Este trabajo representa el primer esfuerzo para compilar en idioma español la morfología larvaria de los anfibios anuros.A literature review and examination of several lots of tadpoles representative of the high Venezuelan Andes species (at least one species per genus allowed identification of 41 useful characters. These are presented

  17. Diseño y prestaciones de un prototipo de siembra directa para intersiembra de pasturas

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    PRINCIPI, M.A

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo compara, en siembras de festuca alta (Festuca arundinacea Schreb. efectuadas en otoño sobre praderas de alfalfa (Medicago sativa sp. degradadas, un prototipo de intersiembra de pasturas diseñado por la Cátedra Maquinaria Agrícola de la Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria de la Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, cuyo tren de siembra posee, además de las cuchillas circulares dura flute, un conjunto de timones con azadones cortos provistos de pequeñas aletas laterales en su parte inferior para la apertura de la faja de siembra, con una máquina para intersiembra de pasturas difundida en el mercado (testigo, con sistema de siembra y fertilización con abresurcos de discos. Se utilizó un diseño de parcelas divididas que incluye al prototipo descrito, a éste con una variante constituida por un conjunto de siembra clásico similar a la intersembradora testigo, y a esta última máquina, las cuales se utilizaron con y sin fertilización en la siembra.El objetivo de efectuar la labranza de la línea de siembra con azadón corto provisto de aletas es eliminar la compactación superficial producida por el pisoteo de los animales, mejorar la preparación de la cama de siembra y colocar el fósforo a mayor profundidad (150 mm por debajo de la semilla.En los tres años de experimentación se pudo constatar a los 30 días de las siembras que existieron diferencias significativas en la eficiencia de implantación a favor del prototipo con azadón, con respecto al testigo y al prototipo con líneas de siembra similares a éste, lo cual es de relevancia dado que la velocidad de germinación es fundamental para el caso que después de la siembra no llueva hasta la primavera, retrasándose la germinación y el 1.º corte de forraje. Lo expuesto también se constató a los 180 días de la siembra para el año 2003, en el cual no se registraron lluvias a posterior de la siembra y hasta fines de ese año, mientras que el 2002 y 2004 los

  18. Determinação de posicionamento ótimo de anel equalizador em Isoladores Poliméricos; Determinación del posicionamiento óptimo de los anillos ecualizadores en aisladores poliméricos; Determining optimal positioning ring Equalizer in Polymeric Insulation

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    Rafael Mendonça Rocha Barros

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available O comportamento do campo elétrico nas proximidades do terminal de linha de um isolador polimérico foi estudado em função do posicionamento do anel equalizador, com o objetivo de determinar a posição ótima de instalação do mesmo, dado que o campo elétrico que incide nas primeiras aletas do isolador é afetado de maneira significativa pela posição em que o anel equalizador é instalado. Adicionalmente a utilização de isoladores de vidro como extensão em isoladores poliméricos também foi avaliada, esse tipo de associação é uma prática comum das concessionárias brasileiras, no entanto, sua influência no comportamento do campo elétrico ainda é pouco conhecida. A distribuição do campo elétrico foi determinada por meio de simulações computacionais baseadas no Método dos Elementos Finitos. Os resultados sugerem uma posição ótima para a instalação do anel equalizador e permitiram chegar a algumas conclusões sobre a utilização de isoladores de vidro como extensão em isoladores poliméricos.  El comportamiento del campo eléctrico en las proximidades del terminal de línea de un aislador polimérico fue estudiado en función de la ubicación del anillo ecualizador con el objetivo de determinar la posición optima de instalación del mismo, dado que el campo eléctrico que incide en las primeras aletas del aislador es afectado de manera significativa por la posición en que se instala el anillo ecualizador. Adicionalmente, la utilización de aisladores de vidrios como extensión de aisladores poliméricos también fue evaluada, ese tipo de asociación es una práctica común de las empresas eléctricas brasileñas; sin embargo su influencia en el comportamiento del campo eléctrico todavía es poco conocida. La distribución del campo eléctrico fue determinada por medio de simulaciones computacionales basadas en el método de los elementos finitos. Los resultados sugieren una posición optima para la instalaci

  19. Determinação de posicionamento ótimo de anel equalizador em Isoladores Poliméricos : Determinación del posicionamiento óptimo de los anillos ecualizadores en aisladores poliméricos; Determining optimal positioning ring Equalizer in Polymeric Insulation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rafael Mendonça - Rocha Barros

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available O comportamento do campo elétrico nas proximidades do terminal de linha de um isolador polimérico foi estudado em função do posicionamento do anel equalizador, com o objetivo de determinar a posição ótima de instalação do mesmo, dado que o campo elétrico que incide nas primeiras aletas do isolador é afetado de maneira significativa pela posição em que o anel equalizador é instalado. Adicionalmente a utilização de isoladores de vidro como extensão em isoladores poliméricos também foi avaliada, esse tipo de associação é uma prática comum das concessionárias brasileiras, no entanto, sua influência no comportamento do campo elétrico ainda é pouco conhecida. A distribuição do campo elétrico foi determinada por meio de simulações computacionais baseadas no Método dos Elementos Finitos. Os resultados sugerem uma posição ótima para a instalação do anel equalizador e permitiram chegar a algumas conclusões sobre a utilização de isoladores de vidro como extensão em isoladores poliméricos.El comportamiento del campo eléctrico en las proximidades del terminal de línea de un aislador polimérico fue estudiado en función de la ubicación del anillo ecualizador con el objetivo de determinar la posición optima de instalación del mismo, dado que el campo eléctrico que incide en las primeras aletas del aislador es afectado de manera significativa por la posición en que se instala el anillo ecualizador. Adicionalmente, la utilización de aisladores de vidrios como extensión de aisladores poliméricos también fue evaluada, ese tipo de asociación es una práctica común de las empresas eléctricas brasileñas; sin embargo su influencia en el comportamiento del campo eléctrico todavía es poco conocida. La distribución del campo eléctrico fue determinada por medio de simulaciones computacionales basadas en el método de los elementos finitos. Los resultados sugieren una posición optima para la instalación del

  20. Willingness to Pay for Elderly Telecare Service Using the Internet and Digital Terrestrial Broadcasting.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kaga, Satoshi; Suzuki, Teppei; Ogasawara, Katsuhiko

    2017-10-24

    In Japan over the past few years, more attention has been focused on unnoticed solitary death in the context of an aging society and the trend toward nuclear family. A number of institutions and companies have implemented a prevention measure with digital terrestrial broadcasting telecare services for the elderly: Hokkaido University; TV-Asahi Corporation; Hitachi, Ltd; Iwamizawa City; Hokkaido Television Broadcasting Co, Ltd; and Hamanasu Information Co, Ltd. Although this system is provided free of charge as a demonstration test, determining the appropriate price for the service is required for its sustainable operation. The aim of this study was to quantify individual willingness to pay (WTP) so as to test the tenability of digital terrestrial broadcasting service for elderly telecare. We used the contingent valuation method (CVM) to estimate the WTP for this service among 305 citizens (valid response rate 76.0%) living in Japan. A questionnaire survey was conducted for people aged 18 to 100 years according to Japanese age distribution from September 2016. To elicit WTP, we adopted a double-bound dichotomous choice method to ask the respondents whether they agree or disagree with the price we offered. The median WTP for this service's monthly fee is estimated to be 431 JPY (approximately US $3.7). The finding suggests that gender (0.66, P=.01), health consciousness (1.08, P=.01), willingness to use (2.38, PWTP. We conclude that reliable WTP was elicited by CVM based on an Internet survey. Calculated median WTP for digital terrestrial broadcasting service for elderly telecare was 431 JPY (approximately US $3.7). In the analysis of factors that affect WTP, constant factors, log-bid, health consciousness, gender, see others less than one time for week, and willingness to use made positive effect to probability of acceptance. In comparison of WTP in different groups, age groups showed that WTP of the elderly group was higher than WTP of the middle age group and

  1. Uma avaliação do nível de evidenciação das companhias abertas, no Brasil, no tocante aos instrumentos financeiros

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    Jorge Vieira da Costa Junior

    2003-08-01

    Full Text Available O propósito deste trabalho é o de levantar o quadro atual da política de evidenciação de instrumentos financeiros por parte das companhias abertas no Brasil, através de suas demonstrações contábeis (data base de 31.12.2000. Uma pesquisa junto a 215 companhias abertas foi levada a efeito visando a avaliar se a divulgação de fatores de risco de mercado e de sua gestão foi feita adequadamente (de forma qualitativa e quantitativa, se as estratégias dispensadas ao uso dos instrumentos financeiros foram adequadamente reveladas, se foram computados e revelados os valores justos dos instrumentos financeiros, enfim, se os ditames da Instrução CVM nº 235/95, de 23.03.95, foram observados rigorosamente pelas companhias abertas. O resultado da pesquisa indicou que as companhias abertas no Brasil, não prestam informações adequadas em suas demonstrações contábeis, no que concerne aos instrumentos financeiros.This paper aimed to investigate the current stage of the disclosure policy of publicly-held companies in Brazil with respect to financial instruments, by means of the analysis of their financial statements (fiscal year ending at December 31st 2000. A research of 215 publicly-held companies was realized in order to evaluate the adequate disclosure (qualitatively and quantitatively speaking of risk market factors and their management, the adequate revelation of the strategies for using financial instruments, the adequate calculation and revelation of the fair values of the financial instruments, and finally, if the paragraphs of CVM Instruction nº. 235/95, from March 23rd 1995, were strictly observed by the publicly-held companies. Moreover, the role of the independent auditors in this context was evaluated through the analysis of their audit opinions. The research result indicated that the publicly-held companies in Brazil do not render appropriate information about the financial instruments in their financial statements, with the

  2. Farmers’ Willingness to Pay for Health Risk Reductions of Pesticide Use in China: A Contingent Valuation Study

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Wenyu; Jin, Jianjun; He, Rui; Gong, Haozhou; Tian, Yuhong

    2018-01-01

    This study aimed to estimate farmers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for health risk reductions of pesticide use by applying the contingent valuation method (CVM) and to explore the factors that influence farmers’ WTP in China. In total, 244 farmers were randomly selected and interviewed. The mean WTP was estimated to be $65.38 (0.94% of total household income) per household per year for a 5/10,000 reduction in morbidity risk. This study shows that farmers’ socioeconomic and attitudinal factors that significantly affect their WTP include farmers’ farming income, education, household size and risk perceptions. In particular, the results demonstrate that respondents’ social trust, social reciprocity and social networks have significant impacts on their WTP. The findings of this study can provide useful insights for policy makers to design effective policies to address health problems related to pesticide use in the developing world. PMID:29596345

  3. Farmers’ Willingness to Pay for Health Risk Reductions of Pesticide Use in China: A Contingent Valuation Study

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wenyu Wang

    2018-03-01

    Full Text Available This study aimed to estimate farmers’ willingness to pay (WTP for health risk reductions of pesticide use by applying the contingent valuation method (CVM and to explore the factors that influence farmers’ WTP in China. In total, 244 farmers were randomly selected and interviewed. The mean WTP was estimated to be $65.38 (0.94% of total household income per household per year for a 5/10,000 reduction in morbidity risk. This study shows that farmers’ socioeconomic and attitudinal factors that significantly affect their WTP include farmers’ farming income, education, household size and risk perceptions. In particular, the results demonstrate that respondents’ social trust, social reciprocity and social networks have significant impacts on their WTP. The findings of this study can provide useful insights for policy makers to design effective policies to address health problems related to pesticide use in the developing world.

  4. Bone density assessment for evaluation of gender differences in cervical vertebral maturation: A computed tomography study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Usha, K; Baskaranarayanan, Balashanmugam; Nagarajan, D; Selvarani, R; Vijjaykanth, M

    2016-10-01

    The cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method is a vital tool for assessing the biological maturation of the orthodontic patient to evaluate the amount of mandibular bone growth left. To assess and visualize the cervical vertebral morphology (bone density) of orthodontic patients of the age group 9,16,27 years. Twenty four subjects with age group of 9,16,27 who were randomly selected and subjected to 3d tomographic study to estimate the biological age of the orthodontic patients by analyzing c1 c2 and c3 vertebrae. The results showed that bone density of males is lesser than females in 9 and 16 years, whereas they have more bone density than females in 27 years. The study provides qualitative method of assessing the biological age of the patient by using images of cervical vertebrae by three dimensional approach. Hence it can be useful for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment plan.

  5. Value-based pricing: A success factor in the competitive struggle

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    Netseva-Porcheva Tatyana

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Over the past decade, the view that the main purpose of market oriented organizations is not to satisfy the consumer, but to create values has dominated. Exactly the values, their creation, retention and increase, are the main sources of competitive advantage of the company. The purpose of the present report is to present the price formation, based on product value, as a source of competitive advantage. In connection with the so-defined objective, the value and the product price for the customer are derived as key factors for success of the company in the competitive struggle; the role of the value of the product in the marketing and pricing is revealed; and theory clarifies the two basic approaches for determining the price of the product on the basis of value - customer value modeling (CVM and economic value modeling (EVM, their nature, scope of application, advantages and disadvantages.

  6. An Improved Version of the Cervical Vertebral Maturation (CVM) Method for the Assessment of Mandibular Growth in Deutero-Malay Sub Race

    Science.gov (United States)

    Oscandar, Fahmi; Malinda, Yuti; Azhari, H.; Murniati, Nani; Yeh Ong, Sing; Subiyanto; Supian, Sudradjat

    2018-01-01

    In this paper, Cervical Vertebral Maturation method was used to assess the mandibular growth in Deutero-Malay sub race. Twenty eight laterals Cephalometric radiographs of Deutero-Malay sub race aged 9-15 were observed. The observation used stratified random sampling by measuring the quantitative and qualitative assessment of the 2nd through 4th cervical vertebra of the subjects. It produced the diagram of developmental stages of cervical vertebrae for Deutero-Malay sub race. The diagram can be used to determine mandibular growth in term of qualitative by matching the shape of cervical vertebrae. It was obtained that the Cervical Vertebral Maturation method can be used to assess mandibular growth in Deutero-Malay sub race by matching the shape of cervical vertebrae to the diagram of developmental stages of cervical vertebrae. In addition, Cervical Vertebral Maturation method can be used to identification person’s age.

  7. Willingness to pay more for value-added pomegranate juice (Punica granatum L.): An open-ended contingent valuation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Romano, Karen Rodrigues; Dias Bartolomeu Abadio Finco, Fernanda; Rosenthal, Amauri; Vinicius Alves Finco, Marcus; Deliza, Rosires

    2016-11-01

    This study aimed at estimating the consumer's willingness to pay (WTP) more for value-added pomegranate juice using the contingent valuation method (CVM). The WTP was estimated applying the open-ended elicitation technique with 454 consumers in two supermarkets located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The average consumer's WTP more for pomegranate juice was estimated in R$2.04 (Brazilian currency) and the income elasticity coefficient at the midpoint was 0.19, i.e., a 10% increase in consumer income will increase, on average, 1.9% the WTP of pomegranate juice (ceteris paribus). Therefore, the income elasticity coefficient was considered inelastic, once an increase in income would have low effect on the WTP for these consumers. The results indicated that the consumers were interested in acquiring a non-traditional juice processed using a technology that preserves vitamins and antioxidants, maintains the flavor of "fresh juice" without colorants and preservatives, despite the pomegranate is not part of the Brazilian diet. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  8. Evaluating environmental impact caused by industrial activities - Implementation of the WTP-WTA approach

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kopsidas, Odysseas; Batzias, Fragiskos

    2012-12-01

    In this work, a methodological framework under the form of an algorithmic procedure, including 28 activity stages and 6 decision nodes, has been developed for evaluating environmental impact caused by industrial activities. The main part of this procedure is a modification of the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), which is heavily relied on survey-based estimation of WTP-WTA (willingness to pay/accept, respectively). The survey may take place either under a strictly controlled environment or in situ and as-is ('laboratory conditions' or 'field conditions', respectively, in the terminology of experimental economics). Implementation of this methodology is presented, referring to three cases of industrial pollution (in three different sites) caused by (i) a cement producing units, (ii) an oil refinery complex, and (iii) an industrialized small city with an intensively polluted port, where several industrial units co-exist, all of them located in the vicinity of Athens, Greece. The results are interpreted/discussed and conclusions are drawn.

  9. Concepts and applications for influenza antigenic cartography

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cai, Zhipeng; Zhang, Tong; Wan, Xiu-Feng

    2011-01-01

    Influenza antigenic cartography projects influenza antigens into a two or three dimensional map based on immunological datasets, such as hemagglutination inhibition and microneutralization assays. A robust antigenic cartography can facilitate influenza vaccine strain selection since the antigenic map can simplify data interpretation through intuitive antigenic map. However, antigenic cartography construction is not trivial due to the challenging features embedded in the immunological data, such as data incompleteness, high noises, and low reactors. To overcome these challenges, we developed a computational method, temporal Matrix Completion-Multidimensional Scaling (MC-MDS), by adapting the low rank MC concept from the movie recommendation system in Netflix and the MDS method from geographic cartography construction. The application on H3N2 and 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza A viruses demonstrates that temporal MC-MDS is effective and efficient in constructing influenza antigenic cartography. The web sever is available at http://sysbio.cvm.msstate.edu/AntigenMap. PMID:21761589

  10. Bone density assessment for evaluation of gender differences in cervical vertebral maturation: A computed tomography study

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    K Usha

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Introduction: The cervical vertebral maturation (CVM method is a vital tool for assessing the biological maturation of the orthodontic patient to evaluate the amount of mandibular bone growth left. Aim: To assess and visualize the cervical vertebral morphology (bone density of orthodontic patients of the age group 9,16,27 years. Material and Methods: Twenty four subjects with age group of 9,16,27 who were randomly selected and subjected to 3d tomographic study to estimate the biological age of the orthodontic patients by analyzing c1 c2 and c3 vertebrae. Result: The results showed that bone density of males is lesser than females in 9 and 16 years, whereas they have more bone density than females in 27 years. Conclusion: The study provides qualitative method of assessing the biological age of the patient by using images of cervical vertebrae by three dimensional approach. Hence it can be useful for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment plan.

  11. The Total Economic Value of Sport Tourism in Belt and Road Development—An Environmental Perspective

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Chun-Chu Yeh

    2018-04-01

    Full Text Available The development of the belt and road region leads cities to significantly increase the amount of public expenditure on the new construction of facilities and infrastructure. Mass construction not only relies on many environmental resources, but might also destroy the local natural environment. In order to reveal the importance of the natural environment, this study explores the economic value of the natural landscape for sport tourism in Taiwan. While the concept of total economic value (TEV is applied to the Sun–Moon Lake Swimming Carnival Event, the travel cost method (TCM is adopted to estimate the use value for participants, and the double-bounded dichotomous contingent valuation method (CVM and survival analysis are performed to evaluate the non-use value for the residents. The use value is on average NT$ 5668 for one participant. The median willingness to pay for the option value, existence value and bequest value of every resident is NT$433, NT$411 and NT$274, respectively.

  12. The foregone recreation value of Lake Ülemiste. Ülemiste järve kaotatud rekreatiivne väärtus

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    Sirje Pädam

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Since Soviet times Lake Ülemiste has been closed to public access. The current practice of Tallinn may entail unnecessary losses of benefits to the local population. The aim of this paper is to find the value of the foregone benefits. In order to find this value, a contingent valuation (CVM survey was conducted involving a sample of the adult population of Tallinn. According to the survey the average willingness to pay is 6.6 Euro and the recreational benefits foregone were estimated to 1.8 million Euros annually. In order to safeguard the quality of the drinking water, additional measures may be needed. Discounted over a 30 year period allows investments of a maximum of 26 million Euro. Applying the current investment plan of Gothenburg to Tallinn shows that the recreational value of opening the lake to the public is sufficiently large to cover Gothenburg’s coal filter investments to be carried out in Tallinn.

  13. KAJlAN EKONOMI PEMANFAATAN KAWASAN STADION KRIDOSONO SEBAGAI RUANG HIJAU KOTA YOGYAKARTA (Economic Study for Utilization of Kridosono Stadium Area as An Urban Green Space of Yogyakarta Municipality

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    Amiluhur Soeroso

    2010-07-01

    Objective of the study is measuring economy feasibility of Kridosono urban park as a public goods that expected directly addresses the issues of natural environmental quality. Data were obtained from interviews toward local resident of Yogyakarta municipality. Hereafter, willingness to pay (WTP toward demand models were estimated by contingent valuation method (CVM and used to derive total consumer surplus. The results indicate that economic value of Kridosono Stadium land is about US$ 27 million (IDR 257 billion per annum, more than its market price i.e. amount US$ 7.8 million or IDR 74 billion. Thus, the study gives stakeholders knowledge of decision making for managing, funding and alocating resources. Utilization part of Kridosono Stadium land as urban park will give bigger benefit than it would be this for commercial interest. Auspicious is hanging on the urban park, because it will help eliminate greenhouse gases i.e. Carbon dioxide, Methane, Nitrous oxide, Hydro-fluorocarbons, Perflurocarbon and Sulfur hexafluoride which is produced by motor vehicle.

  14. Badania wartości ekonomicznej usług biblioteczno-informacyjnych i ich wpływu na otoczenie

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ewa Głowacka

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Biblioteki pełnią różnorodne funkcje we współczesnym otoczeniu społecznym. Uczestniczą w tworzeniu kapitału intelektualnego i społecznego, wpływają na wzrost korzyści ekonomicznych użytkowników i całego społeczeństwa. W artykule omówiono główne podejścia i metody badawcze w zakresie oceny korzyści ekonomicznych płynących z funkcjonowania bibliotek. Skupiono się na metodzie analizy kosztów w stosunku do korzyści (ang. CBA – cost-benefit analysis, metodzie analizy warunkowej (ang. CVM – contigent valuation method, określaniu wartości dodanej dla użytkownika (ang. consumer surplus method i metodologii oceny stopy wzrostu z inwestycji (ang. ROI – return of investment. Przeanalizowano również różne projekty badań prowadzone na świecie w tym zakresie.

  15. Functions and Mechanisms of Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF Signalling in Drosophila melanogaster

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    Hans-Arno J. Müller

    2013-03-01

    Full Text Available Intercellular signalling via growth factors plays an important role in controlling cell differentiation and cell movements during the development of multicellular animals. Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF signalling induces changes in cellular behaviour allowing cells in the embryo to move, to survive, to divide or to differentiate. Several examples argue that FGF signalling is used in multi-step morphogenetic processes to achieve and maintain a transitional state of the cells required for the control of cell fate. In the genetic model Drosophila melanogaster, FGF signalling via the receptor tyrosine kinases Heartless (Htl and Breathless (Btl is particularly well studied. These FGF receptors affect gene expression, cell shape and cell–cell interactions during mesoderm layer formation, caudal visceral muscle (CVM formation, tracheal morphogenesis and glia differentiation. Here, we will address the current knowledge of the biological functions of FGF signalling in the fly on the tissue, at a cellular and molecular level.

  16. A new species of the genus Salaria Forsskål, 1775 (Actinopterygii, Blennidae in Morocco

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    Yahyaoui, A.

    2011-12-01

    especie Salaria fluviatilis. En este estudio demostramos morfológica y molecularmente que estas poblaciones marroquíes constituyen una nueva especie, para la cual proveemos una descripción formal. Los siguientes caracteres diagnósticos distinguen a la nueva especie descrita del resto de especies de blenios de agua dulce: cabeza sin una fila diagonal de puntos oscuros o manchas en las mejillas; tentáculo supraocular grueso y simple (no ramificado; 13-15 dientes en la mandíbula superior y 14-16 en la inferior; 16-17 radios blandos en la aleta anal; distancia preorbital corta (índice cefálico: 2.9-3.8; altura de la region anterior de la aleta dorsal corta (índice dorsal: 0.8-1.3 y 34 vértebras. Las distancias genéticas mitocondriales y nuclear entre la nueva especie de Salaria y las otras dos especies son altas, especialmente en la región control (18%, mientras que estas distancias genéticas variaron entre 2-3% para el gen nuclear S7. Estos caracteres morfológicos y moleculares diferencian a la nueva especie del resto de blenios de agua dulce del género (Salaria fluviatilis y S. economidisi. La nueva especie está confinada a la cuenca del río Sebou en Marruecos y debería ser considerada como En Peligro (EN de acuerdo a las categorías de la lista roja.

  17. Morphological and genetic comparative analyses of populations of Zoogoneticus quitzeoensis (Cyprinodontiformes: Goodeidae from Central Mexico, with description of a new species Análisis comparativo morfológico y genético de diferentes poblaciones de Zoogoneticus quitzeoensis (Cyprinodontiformes:Goodeidae del Centro de México, con la descripción de una especie nueva

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Omar Domínguez-Domínguez

    2008-12-01

    lago de Chapala, mientras que el otro incluye las poblaciones de los lagos de Zacapu y Cuitzeo. Se emplearon 4 poblaciones para los análisis morfométricos identificándose 2 morfotipos, 1 de la localidad del manantial La Luz en la cuenca del bajo Lerma y el otro a los lagos de Zacapu y Cuitzeo. Con estas 2 fuentes de evidencia, la población de La Luz es considerada como una nueva especie Zoogoneticus purhepechus n. sp. La especie nueva difiere de su especie hermana, Z. quitzeoensis por tener una distancia preorbital más corta (PrOL/SL o = 0.05 -0.06, la base de la aleta dorsal más larga (DFL/SL o = 0.17-0.20 y presentar entre 13 y 14 radios en la aleta dorsal. La especie nueva difiere de las 2 especies descritas en el género (Zoogoneticus tequila y Z. quitzeoensis en 10 posiciones nucleotídicas fijadas para el gen citocromo b. Zoogoneticus purhepechus se distribuye por las cuencas de los ríos Ameca, Armería, Santiago y bajo Lerma, así como en el lago de Chapala. Z. purhepechus debe ser considerada en peligro de extinción de acuerdo a los criterios del MER (Aii,Bi,Ci,Di y de la UICN (A-1,b,c,e.

  18. Estudo eletromiográfico dos músculos deltoide, peitoral maior e tríceps braquial de nadadores durante contrações bilaterais realizadas em exercício multiarticular com cargas variadas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernando Nazário-de-Rezende

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar a atividade elétrica do músculo deltoide (porção média, peitoral maior (porção clavicular e tríceps braquial (cabeça longa durante contração bilateral realizada num aparelho multiarticular de desenvolvimento articulado convergente, com 40% e 80% da carga voluntária máxima (CVM, em 11 nadadores do gênero masculino (idades entre 15 e 23 anos, peso 70 ± 4kg, estatura 183 ± 6cm e tempo de prática do esporte de 10 ± 4 anos treinados em exercícios resistidos. Os sinais eletromiográficos (EMG foram captados através da colocação de eletrodos ativos de superfície diferenciais de ganho de 20 vezes, composto por duas barras retangulares paralelas da EMG System do Brasil, um eletrodo de referência (terra, e um módulo condicionador de sinais (eletromiógrafo, com aquisição simultânea de até oito canais diferenciais, filtro com faixa de passagem de 20Hz a 5Hz, estágio amplificador ajustável, possibilitando ganhos entre 100 e 4.960 vezes, impedância de entrada de canais de 10GΩ em módulos diferencial e CMRR de 93db a 60Hz, e um sistema de aquisição de dados (Alc-EMG que forneceu dados numéricos em RMS (raiz quadrada da média para análise dos resultados. Cada sinal coletado captou apenas a fase concêntrica do movimento e o mesmo teve duração de três segundos. Diante dos resultados (teste U de Mann-Whitney, Friedman e Wilcoxon conclui-se que, em termos práticos de prescrição e periodização do treinamento neuromuscular, as contrações bilaterais realizadas no aparelho desenvolvimento articulado convergente são eficientes visando recrutamento (80% > 40% dos músculos deltoide médio, peitoral maior (porção clavicular e tríceps braquial (cabeça longa, sendo evidenciadas diferenças entre o membro dominante e o não dominante apenas para o tríceps braquial dominante com a carga de 80% da CVM nestes atletas nadadores com histórico de treinamento com pesos.

  19. Avaliação da fadiga muscular pela mecanomiografia durante a aplicação de um protocolo de EENM Muscle fatigue assessment by mechanomyography during application of NMES protocol

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lilian Faller

    2009-10-01

    Full Text Available CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO: A estimulação elétrica neuromuscular (EENM é uma técnica bastante utilizada na área da reabilitação em fisioterapia, porém a instalação da fadiga ocorre de maneira mais rápida se comparada à contração voluntária. Na prática clínica, torna-se necessário monitorar a fadiga muscular em protocolos de EENM, visando adequar os parâmetros da corrente elétrica e prolongar o tempo de estimulação. OBJETIVOS: O objetivo deste estudo foi utilizar a mecanomiografia como meio de avaliação da fadiga muscular periférica durante a aplicação de um protocolo de EENM. MÉTODOS: Um sistema de aquisição de sinais mecanomiográficos (MMG e um protocolo experimental foram desenvolvidos. Durante os ensaios in vivo com 10 voluntários, foram realizados testes de contração voluntária máxima (CVM para extensão do joelho. Realizou-se uma fase de potencialização com contrações dinâmicas produzidas por EENM a 10% da CVM (100 Hz, 400 µm no músculo quadríceps femoral, e o protocolo de EENM propriamente dito ocorreu a 30% da CVM (50 Hz, 400 µm. Simultaneamente, foram adquiridos os sinais de MMG RMS (amplitude e MMG MPF (frequência do músculo reto femoral e de torque (amplitude para a extensão do joelho. RESULTADOS: A linha de tendência da MMG RMS foi descendente, indicando que a MMG RMS relaciona-se à amplitude do torque. Porém, a MMG MPF não teve uma boa correlação com o torque para este protocolo de EENM. CONCLUSÕES: A MMG pode ser aplicada simultaneamente à EENM, pois não ocorre interferência elétrica, e pode ser utilizada na realização de movimentos funcionais na contração muscular gerada por EENM. Artigo registrado no Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR sob o número ACTRN12609000866202.BACKGROUND: Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES is a widely used technique for rehabilitation in physical therapy, however it causes muscle fatigue more rapidly than does voluntary

  20. SIMULACIÓN COMPUTACIONAL DE UN SISTEMA FRIGORÍFICO Y ANÁLISIS DE SUSTITUCIÓN DE REFRIGERANTES NOCIVOS A LA CAPA DE OZONO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Boris Henry Rocha Mercado

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available En el presente trabajo se desarrolla un modelo matemático para un sistema frigorífico en régimen permanente y una simulación computacional de su desempeño térmico. El sistema estudiado fue diseñado para trabajar con R-12 como fluido refrigerante y considera entre sus componentes un compresor hermético, condensador y evaporador de tubos y aletas, un tubo capilar, un separador de líquido y un filtro deshidratador. Los modelos matemáticos de los componentes del sistema fueron desarrollados considerando especificaciones técnicas de los fabricantes y correlaciones disponibles en la literatura. En el compresor de desplazamiento fijo se admite la presencia de un proceso de compresión politrópica, en el condensador y evaporador fueron consideradas las regiones monofásicas y bifásicas que define el fluido refrigerante a su paso por estos componentes y en el tubo capilar la variación de densidad y presión a lo largo de su longitud. La solución del sistema de ecuaciones resultante de los distintos modelos matemáticos, fue obtenida mediante el método de sustituciones sucesivas. Este modelo de simulación computacional fue utilizado para el análisis del desempeño térmico del Retrofit, donde se verifica una disminución de 6% en el COP por la substitución de R-12 por R-134a.

  1. Economic assessment of urban watersheds: developing mechanisms for environmental protection of the Feijão river, São Carlos - SP, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    FH Machado

    Full Text Available In order to determine the willingness of the population of São Carlos (a city in the state of São Paulo, Brazil to pay for the environmental protection (WTP of the Feijão River's watershed, the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM, as well as the bidding-games technique, were used. In October 2010, 280 questionnaires were applied to a probabilistic sample of the population. A multivariate logistic regression model was built, creating five scenarios adjusted to the age and probability to pay according to the significant variables found. Concerning the WTP, 56% of the interviewees showed willingness to pay a monthly amount using the water bill as a vehicle for this. The WTP average was 1.94 US Dollar (USD, with a standard deviation of 1.91 USD. The total annual amount for the scenario that considers the whole population over 18 years old was of USD 3,930,616.80. The main argument for the negative WTP was that the interviewees could not afford it (14%.

  2. Model Podejmowania Decyzji w Oparciu o Wartości Służący Ocenie Wariantów Systemu Monitorowania Stanu Technicznego Struktury Statków Powietrznych z Punktu Widzenia Wymagań Użytkownika Wojskowego

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Klimaszewski Sławomir

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available Niniejszy artykuł opisuje model podejmowania decyzji w oparciu o wartości (ang. Value-Focused Thinking - VFT opracowany w celu oceny różnych wariantów wdrożenia systemu monitorowania stanu technicznego struktury (ang. Structural Health Monitoring - SHM wojskowego statku powietrznego. Rozpatruje się cztery warianty wspomnianego systemu (SHM oparte na: kontroli wzrokowej (aktualne podejście, czujnikach piezoelektrycznych (PZT, czujnikach światłowodowych z siatką Bragga (FBG i czujnikach próżniowych (Comparative Vacuum Monitoring - CVM. Przedstawiono przykład numeryczny w celu zilustrowania możliwości modelu. Analizy wrażliwości są wykonane dla takich wartości jak koszt, wydajność, dostępność statku powietrznego oraz poziom gotowości technologicznej (Technology Readiness Level - TRL, aby zbadać wpływ tych parametrów na całkowitą wartość informacji z zakresu stanu technicznego struktury dostarczanych przez określony wariant systemu SHM.

  3. Measuring the social value of nuclear energy using contingent valuation methodology

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jun, Eunju; Joon Kim, Won; Hoon Jeong, Yong; Heung Chang, Soon

    2010-01-01

    As one of the promising energy sources for the next few decades, nuclear energy receives more attention than before as environmental issues become more important and the supply of fossil fuels becomes unstable. One of the reasons for this attention is based on the rapid innovation of nuclear technology which solves many of its technological constraints and safety issues. However, regardless of these rapid innovations, social acceptance for nuclear energy has been relatively low and unchanged. Consequently, the social perception has often been an obstacle to the development and execution of nuclear policy requiring enormous subsidies which are not based on the social value of nuclear energy. Therefore, in this study, we estimate the social value of nuclear energy-consumers' willingness-to-pay for nuclear energy-using the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) and suggest that the social value of nuclear energy increases approximately 68.5% with the provision of adequate information about nuclear energy to the public. Consequently, we suggest that the social acceptance management in nuclear policy development is important along with nuclear technology innovation.

  4. Nano Hydroxyapatite gel for removal of Nickel ions for environmental applications

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Abdelfattah, W.I.; Fayed, M.SH.; Gouda, SH.R.; Awwad, S.A.

    2006-01-01

    Hydroxyapatite (HAp) has been investigated for the removal of heavy metals in environmental application. However, little is known about the influences of surface modifications of the HAp. In the present study, nano HAp - polyvinyl alcohol gel was synthesized under ph control and the formed gel was used for removing nickel ions. The influence of nickel ions on the surface of HAp was studied. Reaction mechanisms were followed by ICP-MS and discussed via continuous variations method (CVM), mole ratio method (MRM) and slope ratio method (SRM). The formed gel with nickel ions was studied by various methods including UV, FTIR, XRD and SEM. The ICP-MS was used to analyze the supernatant solution to confirm the presence of Ca and / or Ni ions. The nickel ions were found to reduce the degree of crystallinity of the synthesized HAp phase. The present results indicated that nickel ions were completely adsorbed on the HAp structure with its anion. The validation of the nature of HAp gel as chelating agent or complex formation as well as physical sorption were discussed

  5. Relevância de Prêmio por Risco País no Custo de Capital das Empresas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antonio Zoratto Sanvicente

    2015-05-01

    Full Text Available A common practice in business valuation and the determination of fair rates of return by regulatory agencies is to use the capital asset pricing model (CAPM with the ad hoc addition of a country risk premium. The present paper documents this practice in the valuation reports required in public acquisition offers available on the CVM (Brazilian Securities and Exchange Commission website. Multiple linear regression is used with monthly returns for stock shares of 204 firms listed on the BM&FBovespa (Brazilian Stock Exchange. The period covered is from January 2009 to December 2013, and the results indicate that there is a premium for Brazilian risk that is not completely reflected in Ibovespa returns for only 17 securities. Hence, if one uses the local market index when estimating a firm’s cost of equity, it would be both redundant and incorrect to add a country risk premium. The paper concludes with a real company example in which the adoption of the conventional approach – with a country risk premium added – would lead to a 17% pricing error.

  6. Economic Valuation of Mangrove Restoration in Indonesia

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    Djoko Suprapto

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Mangrove forest is one of the important ecosystems in Karimunjawa, Indonesia. It provides a variety of services both ecologically and economically. However, over-exploited activity, such as timber theft, can be threatening the sustainability of mangrove forest in Karimunjawa now and in the future. Thus, the improved management for mangrove forest is necessary to ensure its sustainability, and it is depending on how people value the conservation from economic and environment consideration. This study examines the factors influencing on the willingness to pay (WTP of respondents for mangrove restoration in Karimunjawa. A total of 502 respondents were interviewed using census method. The method employed is Contingent Valuation Method (CVMSingle Bounded. In CVM, the logit model was defined based on dichotomous choice method to estimate the willingness-to-pay (WTP randomly with three different starting bid value. Findings showed that local awareness of the importance of the values given by mangroves was popularized among local communities. The findings also indicated that respondents who are higher education and have more income were more likely to pay for the mangrove restoration.

  7. Estimating the Total Economic Value of Cultivated Flower Land in Taiwan

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Chin-Huang Huang

    2015-04-01

    Full Text Available Many arable land areas have been converted to residential or business uses by Taiwan government authorities, because the low farmland value is associated with the low value of agricultural products. However, agriculture is multifunctional. This study investigates farmland value through Total Economic Value (TEV for Tianwei Township, which is Taiwan’s largest floral farmland region. Direct use value measures the floral products’ output value and recreational benefit. Recreational benefit from visitors’ flower sightseeing was measured by the travel cost method (TCM. Option value and non-use value, including bequest value and existence value, measure the residents’ willingness to pay through the double-bounded dichotomous contingent valuation method (CVM. The results show that the total floral products’ output is NT$1.441 billion in 2007, recreational benefit is roughly NT$17.757 billion. The intangible value of option value and non-use values are approximately between NT$5 million to 15 million. Therefore, ignoring various values of farmland might lead to an underestimation of farmland value.

  8. [Perception and attitude of rural community to the construction of Asian elephant conservation corridors in Xishuangbanna].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Zheng-Ling; Chen, Ming-Yong; Wu, Zhao-Lu; Wang, Qian; Dong, Yong-Hua

    2009-06-01

    By using contingent valuation method (CVM), an investigation was made from November 2007 to March 2008 on the perception and attitude of 196 households in 5 villages within 2 planned Asian elephant conservation corridors in Xishuangbanna to the construction of the corridors. 80.61% of the interviewees conditionally supported the corridors construction. The main factors affecting the interviewees' support willingness included their education level, per capita income, and perceptions to Asian elephant protection, human-elephant relations, and corridor utilization patterns and its beneficiaries, among which, the interviewees' awareness of Asian elephant conservation, corridor utilization patterns, and corridor beneficiaries had strong influence on the support willingness, with the correlation coefficient being 0.231, 0.236, and -0.304, respectively. The rural community holding the land tenure played a key role in the corridors construction. To effectively design and planning the construction of biological conservation corridor, it is necessary to have a deep understanding on the perceptions and attitudes of rural community to the construction of the corridor and to obtain their support and participation for this construction.

  9. Study of plutonium and its alloys with III B elements

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Robert, Gregory

    2003-12-01

    The objective of this research thesis is to understand phenomena which intervene in the delta phase stabilisation of plutonium alloys, and to build phase diagrams for PuAl, PuGa, and PuIn. After a presentation of some properties of plutonium and of its compounds, the author presents the adopted approach: the 'ab initio' approach to the fundamental state based on the density functional theory (DFT). Then, a numerical method used within the framework of the DFT is developed, and results obtained by using the developed code are presented for the different studied materials (Al, Ga, In, Pu). A gradient correction is applied to the alloys by using the Generalised Gradient Approximation (GGA) with spin polarisation. It allows the determination of the formation energy of compounds. Hybridisation effects between plutonium and delta-generating elements (Al, Ga, In) are assessed. A statistic approach (cluster variation method, CVM) is used to assess the influence of the chemical order at short distance on the stability of the fcc solid solution, and to obtain theoretical binary alloy diagrams

  10. Insider Trading B-side: relevance, timeliness and position influence

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luiz Felipe de A. Pontes Girão

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Objective – Our main objective is to analyze the impacto f insider trading on stock investments’ decision. Design/methodology/approach – We used an online survey, obtaining 271 valid answers. To analyze our data, we used some parametric (t and F Anova, and non-parametric techniques (Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis. Findings – We find that insider tradings are relevant to investment decisions, and the timeliness also exert an influence to this kind of decision, especially abnormal trades. Practical implications – In practical terms, our results suggests that the Brazilian Securities and Exchange Commission (CVM must update the Brazilian insider trading regulation to achieve the objective to protect investors. In the investors point of view, this possible update could improve investors’ ability to control insiders and follow his activities as well as to mimic his trades. Originality/value – The originality of our paper is an analysis of relevance, timeliness and influence of position in a firm as “determinants” of investment decisions. We use these three specific characteristics to criticize the Brazilian insider trading regulation.

  11. Comprehensive evaluation of environmental and economic benefits of China's urban underground transportation construction projects.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yang, Xiaobin; Chen, Zhilong; Guo, Dongjun

    2015-07-01

    Urban underground transportation projects are introduced to address problems of scarce green land and traffic pollution. As construction of urban underground transportation is still in its infancy, there is no definite quantitative measurement on whether the construction is beneficial and what influences it will place on the region in China. This study intends to construct a comprehensive evaluation method for evaluating social, economic and environmental benefits of urban underground transportation projects and proposes the concept, role and principle for evaluation of environmental and economic benefits. It figures out relationship between the environment and factors of city development. It also summarizes three relevant factors, including transportation, biophysics and social economy, and works out indicators to evaluate the influence of urban underground transportation construction. Based on Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), Cost of Illness Approach (CIA), Human Capital Approach (HCA), this paper constructs 13 monetization calculation models for social, economic and environmental benefits in response to seven aspects, namely, reducing noise pollution and air pollution, using land efficiently, improving traffic safety, reducing traffic congestion, saving shipping time and minimizing transportation costs.

  12. EXTERNAL CORPORATE GOVERNANCE MECHANISMS: MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS ON THE BRAZILIAN MARKET

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mario Augusto Parente Monteiro

    2014-08-01

    Full Text Available The research aims to answer the following question: What is the effectiveness of mergers and acquisitions in the Brazilian market as external corporate governance mechanism? The main objective of the study is to verify if mergers and acquisitions operations in Brazilian market may act as an external mechanism of corporate governance, replacing managers and, as a consequence of changes in management, improving financial performance. The study is exploratory, qualitative in its approach, supported by documentary research on secondary data concerning an intentional sample of Brazilian companies aiming to identify the effect of M&A operations on the corporate governance structure of the acquired firm and on its financial results. Data obtained on the website of the Brazilian Securities and Exchange Commission (CVM, related to Brazilian M&A operations in the period 2005-2010, were analyzed. Although M&A operations in Brazil were found to have disciplinary nature in our sample of firms in the studied period, our results are inconclusive regarding the effectiveness of these transactions and external governance mechanisms.

  13. O suporte informacional da controladoria para o processo decisório da distribuição física de produtos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Verônica de Miglio Moura

    2003-04-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo da pesquisa, a partir da qual foi elaborado este artigo, consiste em averiguar o suporte informacional da Controladoria para o processo decisório da Logística, com vistas à função de distribuição física dos produtos. Neste sentido, selecionou-se três empresas, a partir de uma relação das empresas de capital aberto do estado de Santa Catarina, obtida junto à homepage da Comissão de Valores Mobiliários - CVM, que possuem uma Controladoria enquanto órgão administrativo e um setor de Logística. Constatou-se que a Controladoria exerce suas funções a fim de contribuir para a otimização dos resultados globais da empresa, contudo não necessariamente gerencia o sistema de informações contábeis-gerenciais nas mesmas. Portanto, conclui-se que os relatórios contábeisgerenciais gerados pela Controladoria com vistas à função da distribuição física de produtos, em geral, não são emitidos de forma específica para o processo decisório da Logística, visto que esta particularidade somente ocorre a partir do momento em que a Controladoria gerencia o sistema de informações. Nas empresas pesquisadas esta função é atribuída à Controladoria em apenas uma delas.The research that underlies this article aimed to examine the informational support provided by Controllership to the Logistics' decision-making process, with a view to the physical product distribution function.Thus, three companies were selected from a list of publicly traded companies from Santa Catarina State, which possess a Controller's department as an administrative organ, as well as a Logistics sector.This list was obtained from the homepage of the Comissão de Valores Mobiliários - CVM. It was disclosed that the Controller's department exerts its functions in order to contribute to the optimization of the company's global results, although it does not necessarily manage the company's management accounting information system. Therefore, it was

  14. Desarrollo embrionario y larva del sapo Incilius aucoinae (Bufonidae en Golfito, Costa Rica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Susy Segura-Solís

    2009-11-01

    Full Text Available Se describe la larva y los estadios del desarrollo del huevo y larva de Incilius aucoinae utilizando especímenes del río Cañaza, Golfito, Costa Rica, recolectados en enero de 1997 y enero-febrero de 1998. La muestra fue de 696 individuos, 317 huevos en estadios 1-12, 176 huevos con embriones en estadios 15-16, y 204 renacuajos en estadios 21-43. El promedio del número de huevos por nidada fue de 8 940 (n = 4, los cuales fueron colocados en una hilera, sujetos al sustrato del río. Los huevos en estadios 1-12 tienen un promedio de diámetro de 1.75 (s = 0.38 mm y los huevos con embriones en estadios 15-16 miden 1.33 (0.34 de ancho y 3.06 (1.46 mm de largo. La descripción del renacuajo basada en el espécimen UCR 19982, es como sigue: el dorso, el vientre y la cola son de color café y punteado de café oscuro; la cola mide 9.43 mm y el cuerpo 6.18, para un tamaño total de 15.62; las aletas son pequeñas café claro translúcidas, la dorsal con puntos dispersos y la ventral sin ningún tipo de pigmento oscuro. También es el único renacuajo ovoide con una tendencia a ser aplastado dorso-ventralmente, y con la boca antero-ventral. Dentro de la variación observada, algunos individuos son de color negro (3.4 % y pocos son uniformes (0.5- 1.5 %.

  15. Sensitivity analysis for heat diffusion in a fin on a nuclear fuel element; Analise de sensitividade na difusao de calor em uma aleta de um elemento combustivel nuclear

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Tito, Max Werner de Carvalho

    2001-11-15

    The modern thermal systems generally present a growing complexity, as is in the case of nuclear power plants. It seems that is necessary the use of complex computation and mathematical tools in order to increase the efficiency of the operations, reduce costs and maximize profits while maintaining the integrity of its components. The use of sensitivity calculations plays an important role in this process providing relevant information regarding the resultant influence of variation or perturbation of its parameters as the system works. This technique is better known as sensitivity analysis and through its use makes possible the understanding of the effects of the parameters, which are fundamental for the project preparation, and for the development of preventive and corrective handling measurements of many pieces of equipment of modern engineering. The sensitivity calculation methodology is based generally on the response surface technique (graphic description of the functions of interest based in the results obtained from the system parameter variation). This method presents a lot of disadvantages and sometimes is even impracticable since many parameters can cause alterations or perturbations to the system and the model to analyse it can be very complex as well. The utilization of perturbative methods result appropriate as a practical solution to this problem especially in the presence of complex equations. Also it reduces the resultant computational calculus time considerably. The use of these methods becomes an essential tool to simplify the sensitivity analysis. In this dissertation, the differential perturbative method is applied in a heat conduction problem within a thermal system, made up of a one-dimensional circumferential fin on a nuclear fuel element. The fins are used to extend the thermal surfaces where convection occurs; thus increasing the heat transfer to many thermal pieces of equipment in order to obtain better results. The finned claddings are projected to gas-cooled nuclear reactors to compensate the low coolant thermal transport efficiency. The model is described by the temperature distribution equation and the further specific boundary conditions. The adjoint system is used to determine the sensitivity coefficients to the case of interest. Both, the direct model and the perturbative formalism resultant equations are solved. The heat flow rate on a point of the fin and the average temperature excess were the response functionals studied. The half thickness, the thermal conductivity and heat transfer coefficients and the heat flow from the base material were the parameters of interest to the sensitivity analysis. The results obtained through the perturbative method and the direct variation presented, in a general form and within acceptable physical limits, good concordance and excellent representativeness to the analyzed cases. It evidences that the differential formalism is an important tool to the sensitivity analysis and also it validates the application of the methodology in heat transmission problems on extended surfaces. The method proves to be necessary and efficient while elaborating thermal engineering projects. (author)

  16. Desarrollo larvario de algunas especies del género Bregmaceros (Pisces: Bregmacerotidae del sureste del Golfo de México

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge Blas-Cabrera

    2006-06-01

    Full Text Available Se redescribe el desarrollo larvario de Bregmaceros cantori con 925 organismos en tallas de 1.1 a 20.2 mm de longitud patrón (LP y se describen algunos ejemplares de B. atlanticus (27 larvas de 1.7 a 7.5 mm, de B. houdei (seis organismos de 1.5 a 1.9 mm y de B. macclellandi (tres larvas de 2.4, 3.4 y 5.4 mm del sur del Golfo de México (27 noviembre - 6 diciembre 1998. Las larvas se identificaron a nivel específico y se describieron con base en pigmentación, y características morfométricas y merísticas. En la etapa de preflexión B. cantori presentó un mayor crecimiento del tamaño de la boca y de la longitud de la cabeza en relación con la longitud patrón (alometría positiva; en cambio de la etapa de flexión a la etapa de juvenil decrecen (alometría negativa. B. cantori es la especie con la menor altura del cuerpo y longitud de la cabeza, siendo así la más delgada. Las larvas de B. macclellandi son las más robustas. De las cuatro especies que se reportan en el sur del Golfo de México, las larvas de B. atlanticus son las que tienen la mayor pigmentación tanto en la cabeza como en el cuerpo, de manera uniforme; los ejemplares de B. macclellandi muestran un patrón de pigmentación diferente: grandes grupos de melanóforos cuya ubicación cambia con la etapa; además ya en la etapa de preflexión tiene desarrollo del radio occipital y las aletas pélvicas. Las larvas de B. houdei con tallas de 1.5 a 1.9 mm tienen melanóforos en la punta de la mandíbula inferior, en la cabez y en la base de las aletas pectorales. Se observó un mayor desarrollo larvario de B. cantori y B. atlanticus que en especímenes de latitudes mayores.Larval development of some Bregmaceros species (Pisces: Bregmacerotidae from the southeast Gulf of Mexico. We redescribe the larval development of Bregmaceros cantori based on 925 specimens ranging from 1.1 to 20.2 mm in standard length (SL, and describe the larvae of B. atlanticus (27 larvae, 1.7-7.5 mm, B

  17. A Decade of Counseling Services in One College of Veterinary Medicine: Veterinary Medical Students' Psychological Distress and Help-Seeking Trends.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Drake, Adryanna A S; Hafen, McArthur; Rush, Bonnie R

    Much has been discussed about the high prevalence of psychological distress among veterinary medical students. Studies investigating general samples of veterinary medical students indicate that, on average, depression and anxiety symptoms are present at higher rates than in comparison samples. However, little is known about veterinary medical students who seek counseling. This study intends to expand the literature on veterinary student well-being, as the first to examine a sample of veterinary medical students seeking counseling services. It offers an overview of student distress and help-seeking trends from a decade of counseling services provided in one College of Veterinary Medicine (CVM) in the US. The sample includes data from 279 participants. Results indicate a steady increase in students seeking counseling over the last decade. First-year students sought services at higher rates but second-year students experienced the greatest distress when compared to other cohorts. Students seeking counseling services experienced levels of overall distress, symptoms of anxiety and depression, and social role concerns that were, on average, above cut-off scores. Physical health was significantly associated with student distress, suggesting opportunities for intervention.

  18. Dividendos e informação assimétrica: análise do novo mercado

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luiz Maurício Franco Moreiras

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Em dezembro de 2000, a Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo (Bovespa criou uma listagem em que diferenciava as empresas que voluntariamente aceitassem práticas de governança corporativa adicionais àquelas exigidas pela Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (CVM. A finalidade da inovação era estreitar a relação entre as empresas e os seus investidores, diminuindo a assimetria informacional e dando maior segurança ao investidor. O objetivo neste artigo é testar os efeitos gerados por essa iniciativa sobre a informação assimétrica do mercado acionário. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo de eventos tendo como variável central a política de dividendos. O resultado revela que as companhias que aderiram aos mercados com graus diferenciados de governança apresentam menores graus de informação assimétrica e, desse modo, inseriram-se em um ambiente institucional mais seguro. Em outras palavras, a iniciativa da Bovespa teve êxito ao mitigar o problema da informação assimétrica no mercado acionário brasileiro.

  19. Hierarchical fiber-optic-based sensing system: impact damage monitoring of large-scale CFRP structures

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Minakuchi, Shu; Banshoya, Hidehiko; Takeda, Nobuo; Tsukamoto, Haruka

    2011-01-01

    This study proposes a novel fiber-optic-based hierarchical sensing concept for monitoring randomly induced damage in large-scale composite structures. In a hierarchical system, several kinds of specialized devices are hierarchically combined to form a sensing network. Specifically, numerous three-dimensionally structured sensor devices are distributed throughout the whole structural area and connected with an optical fiber network through transducing mechanisms. The distributed devices detect damage, and the fiber-optic network gathers the damage signals and transmits the information to a measuring instrument. This study began by discussing the basic concept of a hierarchical sensing system through comparison with existing fiber-optic-based systems, and an impact damage detection system was then proposed to validate the new concept. The sensor devices were developed based on comparative vacuum monitoring (CVM), and Brillouin-based distributed strain measurement was utilized to identify damaged areas. Verification tests were conducted step-by-step, beginning with a basic test using a single sensor unit, and, finally, the proposed monitoring system was successfully verified using a carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) fuselage demonstrator. It was clearly confirmed that the hierarchical system has better repairability, higher robustness, and a wider monitorable area compared to existing systems

  20. Protective CD8+ T-cell responses to cytomegalovirus driven by rAAV/GFP/IE1 loading of dendritic cells

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dalle-Donne Isabella

    2008-10-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Recent studies demonstrate that recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV-based antigen loading of dendritic cells (DCs generates in vitro, significant and rapid cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL responses against viral antigens. Methods We used the rAAV system to induce specific CTLs against CVM antigens for the development of cytomegalovirus HCMV gene therapy. As an extension of the versatility of the rAAV system, we incorporated immediate-early 1 (IE1, expressed in HCMV. Our rAAV vector induced a strong stimulation of CTLs directed against the HCMV antigen IE1. We then investigated the efficiency of the CTLs in killing IE1 targeted cells. Results A significant MHC Class I-restricted, anti-IE1-specific CTL killing was demonstrated against IE1 positive peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC after one, in vitro, stimulation. Conclusion In summary, single PBMC stimulation with rAAV/IE1 pulsed DCs induces strong antigen specific-CTL generation. CTLs were capable to lyse low doses of peptides pulsed into target cells. These data suggest that AAV-based antigen loading of DCs is highly effective for generating human CTL responses against HCMV antigens.

  1. The Smoothing Hypothesis, Stock Returns and Risk in Brazil

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    Antonio Lopo Martinez

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Income smoothing is defined as the deliberate normalization of income in order to reach a desired trend. If the smoothing causes more information to be reflected in the stock price, it is likely to improve the allocation of resources and can be a critical factor in investment decisions. This study aims to build metrics to determine the degree of smoothing in Brazilian public companies, to classify them as smoothing and non-smoothing companies and additionally to present evidence on the long-term relationship between the smoothing hypothesis and stock return and risk. Using the Economatica and CVM databases, this study focuses on 145 companies in the period 1998-2007. We find that Brazilian smoothers have a smaller degree of systemic risk than non-smoothers. In average terms, the beta of smoothers is significantly lower than non-smoothers. Regarding return, we find that the abnormal annualized returns of smoothers are significantly higher. We confirm differences in the groups by nonparametric and parametric tests in cross section or as time series, indicating that there is a statistically significant difference in performance in the Brazilian market between firms that do and do not engage in smoothing.

  2. Estimation the recreational value of Najvan park of Isfahan using a contingent valuation method

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M Sameti

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available Determining the real value of natural ecosystems, due to their significant function and ecosystem services and necessity of the best management for make use of them, has a great importance. Recently, natural resource economists have studied ecosystem value of natural resources and its role in human welfare. These studies have made a considerable progress in valuation of environmental as well as ecological services that an ecosystem can offer. Therefore this study tries to determine recreational value of Najvan Park and measure of individual’s willingness to pay (WTP based on contingent valuation method (CVM and dichotomous choices (DC. Logit model was used for measuring of individual WTP. The model parameters were estimated based on the maximum likelihood (ML method. Moreover, the marginal effects of the changes in involved variables in considered model were determined using by factor for calculating of marginal effects. The results showed that individual preservation WTP in Najvan Park is directly related to income and education while it is negatively related tobid, age and the number of family member. The calculation of the expectancy of WTP using logit model led to 8,983 Rials monthly WTP per person.

  3. AVALIAÇÃO DE EMPRESAS POR MEIO DE INDICADORES DE ATIVIDADE: UMA APLICAÇÃO DO MÉTODO AHP BUSINESS EVALUATION USING ACTIVITY INDICATORS: AN APPLICATION OF AHP METHOD ABSTRACT EVALUACIÓN DE EMPRESAS UTILIZANDO INDICADORES DE ACTIVIDAD: UNA APLICACIÓN DEL MÉTODO AHP

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adriana Kroenke

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste artigo consiste em definir, por meio de indicadores de atividade e utilizando o método de Análise Hierárquica de Processos (AHP, uma classificação, em forma de ranking, dos resultados auferidos pelas empresas do setor metal mecânico listadas na  Bovespa. A pesquisa classifica-se como descritiva, documental e quantitativa. Foram coletadas as demonstrações contábeis consolidadas Balanço Patrimonial e Demonstração do Resultado do Exercício, e extraídos os indicadores de atividade prazo médio de estocagem, prazo médio de pagamento a fornecedores e prazo médio de cobrança. A coleta de dados para a análise foi realizada no sítio da Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (www.cvm.gov.br. O método AHP, desenvolvido por Saaty, faz parte da Escola Americana de Análise Multicritério e permite o estabelecimento de graus de preferência entre suas alternativas, que no artigo são os indicadores contábeis de atividade. As matrizes de preferências foram obtidas por meio da análise das componentes principais dos dados utilizados, considerando-se o primeiro eixo fatorial. A escala de Lootsma foi usada na adequação dos pesos. O rankingapontou, como primeira colocada, a Aços Villares em 2004, a Eluma nos anos de 2005 e 2006 e a Mangels, em 2007 e 2008. Obtidos os rankings parciais, construiu-se o ranking geral do período analisado por meio do sistema de pontos corridos, que considerou o posicionamento anual de cada empresa. O critério de desempate foi o indicador do prazo de estocagem. Assim, estabeleceu-se a Mangels e a Aços Villares como as duas empresas mais bem posicionadas no período em termos de atividade.The objective of the article consists of defining, through activity indicators, a classification in order of ranking, of the income earned by companies of the  section mechanical metal listed in Bovespa using the method of Hierarchical Analysis of Processes  (AHP. The research is classified as

  4. Uso de obturadores en cirugía oral y maxilofacial: Presentación de cinco casos clínicos Use of obturators in oral and maxillofacial surgery: A report of five cases

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    R.T. Velázquez-Cayón

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available Los defectos creados en el maxilar, principalmente tras cirugía resectiva de tumores malignos, traumatismo o defectos congénitos, deben ser corregidos con el fin de recuperar los consecuentes déficits en el habla, la deglución, la masticación y la estética. Para ello contamos con dos amplias posibilidades: reconstrucción quirúrgica o colocación de un obturador protésico maxilar. En este artículo llevamos a cabo una revisión de la literatura reciente y clásica sobre obturadores palatinos, ilustrándola mediante 5 casos clínicos con esta opción terapéutica. Hemos encontrado descritas una amplia variedad de modificaciones para los distintos tipos de obturadores, como la fabricación de aletas nasales, colocación de obturadores de forma inmediata tras la cirugía, el hecho de ahuecar el aditamento obturador, etc. En nuestra práctica hemos observado una serie de ventajas en la colocación de este tipo de prótesis de forma posquirúrgica diferida y en estrecha colaboración con su médico responsable.Defects created in the maxillary bone, principally after surgical resection of malignant tumors, trauma or congenital defects, must be corrected to eliminate the resulting speech, swallowing, and chewing defects and restore the cosmetic appearance. Two major options available are surgical reconstruction or the placement of a maxillary obturator prosthesis. The recent and classic literature on palatal obturators is reviewed and five clinical cases treated with a palatal obturator are reported. A large variety of modifications have been reported for different types of obturators, such as nasal wings, immediate postoperative obturator prosthesis placement, etc. In the authors' experience, deferred postoperative obturator placement in close collaboration with the responsible doctor has advantages.

  5. Impactos de medidas de conservação de energia propostas no PBE Edifica para o nível de eficiência energética de envoltórias de um edifício naturalmente condicionado

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Natália Kokumai Nakamura

    Full Text Available Na versão de 2010, os Requisitos Técnicos da Qualidade do Nível de Eficiência Energética de Edifícios Comerciais de Serviços e Públicos (RTQ-C apresentam características para avaliação que não foram quantificadas, tendo sido desenvolvidas conceitualmente. O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar esses impactos por meio da simulação de um edifício naturalmente condicionado, utilizado para esta pesquisa, com a aplicação de medidas de conservação de energia: parede envidraçada com câmara de ar e alvenaria, brises triangulares, brises horizontais paralelos à fachada, aberturas zenitais, absortância das paredes externas, todos comparados com um caso-base, um edifício sem proteções solares. A simulação no EnergyPlus forneceu temperaturas operativas cujos limites de conforto foram determinados de acordo com a ASHRAE Standard 55. O caso-base apresentou nível de eficiência B, e a alternativa com parede envidraçada com câmara de ar e alvenaria, com fator solar de 0,83, apresentou nível de eficiência A; todas as demais apresentaram nível de eficiência B, devido ao desconforto por frio na zona bioclimática 3. A alternativa com brises horizontais paralelos à fachada, com aletas de 25 cm, apresentou o menor equivalente numérico. Percebeu-se a necessidade de mensuração de variáveis similares em outros modelos de edifícios naturalmente condicionados e para outras localidades pertencentes à zona bioclimática, a fim de confirmar as potencialidades e limitações de tais medidas no RTQ-C.

  6. VALUASI EKONOMI PEMANFAATAN HASIL HUTAN YANG TIDAK DAPAT DIPASARKAN PADA KAWASAN HUTAN LINDUNG TAMAN HUTAN RAYA SULTAN ADAM KALIMANTAN SELATAN

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Munandar Munandar

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available The research identified  potential, kinds of  non marketable forest  products, and calculating  the economic value of non marketable forest products in Sultan Adam Grand Forest Park. Identifying the species  was conducted on  the sample of 100 hectares  width  by creating line plot sampling of width 20 meters  and 1000 meters length. Data  were analyzed to explain types of species, frequency, relative frequency, density and relative density. Calculating   the value of non marketable forest products was done  by  making Contingent Valuation Method (CVM survey. Amount of Willingness to Pay (WTP directly ask to the 243 respondents using questionnaire. The result of research, non marketable flora consist of  7 species of used as food ingredients, 2 types species of medicinal and tonic, a species potent to cosmetics substitution, one type of pest poison, one of handy craft. There are 8 species of birds among of them are endangered species like hornbill (Buceros rhinoceros and haruai or Kalimantan Peacock ( Argusius argus.The Large mammals such as deer (Cervus unicolor, bark deer (Muntiacus muntjak and wild boar (Sus barbatus still found in it’s footprints and be informed by local people Willingness to Pay of locally perspective was Rp.494,483,164.61 per year or Rp. 7,271.81 per hectare per year as preferences to non marketable forest products they used. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengidentifikasi jenis dan menghitung nilai ekonomi hasil hutan yang tidak dapat dipasarkan di Tahura Sultan Adam. Identifikasi spesies dilakukan pada sampel seluas 100 hektar dengan membuat jalur pengamatan selebar 20 meter dan panjang 1000 meter. Data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis untuk menjelaskan jenis-jenis yang ada, frekuensi, frekuensi relatif, kerapatan relatif dan  indeks nilai pentingnya. Penghitungan nilai ekonomi hasil hutan yang tidak dapat dipasarkan dilaksanakan dengan membuat survai langsung menggunakan Contingent Valuation Method (CVM

  7. Evidenciação Contábil das Informações Ambientais: Uma Análise das Empresas da Serra Gaúcha Listadas na Bovespa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alex Eckert

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Em uma sociedade que se fundamenta na transparência, na responsabilidade social e na Governança Corporativa, entende-se ser necessário conhecer como as empresas estão evidenciando as informações ambientais. Neste sentido, o presente estudo tem o objetivo de verificar se as empresas da região turística da Serra Gaúcha, Rio Grande do Sul, listadas na BM&FBOVESPA, seguidoras das Práticas de Governança Corporativa, evidenciam em seus relatórios e nas demonstrações contábeis as informações de cunho ambiental. Desse modo, para a coleta dos dados, foram analisadas as demonstrações contábeis, especialmente as Notas Explicativas, o Relatório da Administração, o Relatório de Sustentabilidade, o site das empresas e da BM&FBOVESPA e da CVM. Os dados apresentados foram extraídos do Relatório de Sustentabilidade, do Balanço Social, do Relatório da Administração e do site das empresas, pois nas demais demonstrações não foram encontradas informação relacionada ao meio ambiente. Após a análise dos dados, concluiu-se que as empresas enfatizam sua imagem divulgando essas informações demonstrando um retrato positivo perante à sociedade, seja com a intenção de amenizar os impactos ambientais ou por questão de marketing, ou para obter vantagem em relação à concorrência.  Accounting Disclosure of Environmental Information: An Analysis of the Companies from Serra Gaucha Listed on the Bovespa – In a society that is based on transparency, social responsibility and corporate governance, it is necessary to know how companies are highlighting the environmental information. In this sense, this study aims to verify that the companies of the tourist area of Serra Gaúcha, Rio Grande do Sul, listed on the BM&FBOVESPA, followers of Corporate Governance Practices, evidence in their reports and financial statements the environment-related information . Thus, for the data collection, the Financial Statements were analyzed

  8. Embryonic and larval development of Eugerres mexicanus (Perciformes: Gerreidae in Tenosique: Tabasco, Mexico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Raúl E Hernández

    2012-03-01

    and size of the drop of oil were bigger than those reported for marine species. In addition, regarding pigmentation, the yolk-sac larvae of E. mexicanus were olive and yellow on the margin of the notochord, which differs from those reported for other species. This is the first recorded report on the reproductive biology and early life development of this species.La ontogenia se basó en 30 embriones y 30 larvas, obtenidos mediante la inducción del desove de reproductores provenientes de la ribera del río Usumacinta en Tenosique, Tabasco, México, recolectados en febrero de 2009. La descripción se fundamentó en el registro morfométrico y merístico. Los huevos fueron recuperados en estado de gástrula y presentaron un diámetro de promedio de 1.17mm (SD=0.08. Durante las primeras tres horas de desarrollo embrionario, se presentó la etapa de capullo, en la que se observó la región caudal adherida al vitelo, apreciándose la vesícula de Kupffer. Las larvas con saco eclosionaron a las 18 horas pos-fertilización, fueron de color marrón claro con un promedio de 2.94mm; (SD=0.70 de longitud total y alcanzaron la preflexión a los ocho días post-eclosión con una longitud total promedio de 4.67mm; (SD=0.50 y una longitud total del notocordio de 4.45; (SD=0.50. A los 16 días de la eclosión alcanzaron la flexión, con un promedio de 6.66mm; (SD=1.53 de longitud total. La postflexión se presentó a los 24 días con 10.33mm; (SD=1.45. Al llegar a los 33 días, se presentó la fase prejuvenil y llegaron a medir 14.30; (SD=0.93 de longitud total, presentando IX espinas y 10 radios en la aleta dorsal y III y ocho en la aleta anal. Los juveniles midieron 28.16; (SD=1.93 de longitud a los 45 días, con un peso promedio de 4.75g; (SD=1.49. Los prejuveniles presentaron una pigmentación inicial en la mandíbula superior e inferior con tintes oscuros en forma de puntos y de manera dispersa sobre la cabeza. En los juveniles se observó el mismo patrón de pigmentaci

  9. WILLINGNESS TO PAY DAN ABILITY TO PAY PELANGGAN RUMAH TANGGA SEBAGAI RESPON TERHADAP PELAYANAN AIR BERSIH DARI PDAM KOTA SURAKARTA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    BRM Bambang Irawan

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this research is to estimate the WTP and ATP value of household customers as theirrespond on additional benefit will be received from PDAM programs will be carried out on year 2004.Beside that, this study also analyzes all significance variables affecting WTP and ATP value.This research applying contingent valuation survey method (CVM using 500 of sample size from37,054 of targeted population covering all PDAM customers in the Solo city. The sampling techniqueapplied is proportionate stratified random sampling, and the analysis tool put on this study iseconometrics with a white heteroskedasticity-consistent standard errors & covariance model (whiteheteroskedasticity-corrected standard errors & covariance model.This research shows that the WTP value is relatively small and the ATP value is about 20% onaverage below the water bill they paid. One of reasons causing the WTP value reasonably small is thatthe respondent being sampled perceives that their answers will only become a “permit” for the PDAM tomake a policy of increasing tariff. These yields are also being expected to help the PDAM in takingpolicies relate to water tariff determination particularly from the demand side.Keyword: Willingness to Pay (WTP, Ability to Pay (ATP, Contingen Valuation.

  10. Households Willingness to Pay for the Emissions Reduction Policy, Queensland, Australia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Galina Williams

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available This study examines households’ willingness to support the emissions reduction policy and their perceptions of climate change using an Internet survey of more than 1,000 households in Queensland, Australia. Respondents were asked for their willingness to pay (WTP to support the emissions reduction target proposed by the Australian Government by paying extra on their electricity bills. The results can be summarized in four key findings. First, respondents’ WTP to support the emissions reduction target is higher if they perceive that climate change will result in high loss of biodiversity. Second, respondents were willing to support a higher emissions target than proposed by the Australian Government. Third, there is a correlation between respondents WTP to support the emissions reduction and their beliefs about climate change, its effect on standards of living, the environment, and future generations. Fourth, as the data show a high rate of zero responses, common for the contingent valuation method (CVM used in the survey, the zero bids were further investigated using the non-parametric Turnbull model and the more recent spike model. The results showed that although there is some support for the emissions reduction policy, it is not sufficient for the policy to be successful.

  11. Quartet-net: a quartet-based method to reconstruct phylogenetic networks.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yang, Jialiang; Grünewald, Stefan; Wan, Xiu-Feng

    2013-05-01

    Phylogenetic networks can model reticulate evolutionary events such as hybridization, recombination, and horizontal gene transfer. However, reconstructing such networks is not trivial. Popular character-based methods are computationally inefficient, whereas distance-based methods cannot guarantee reconstruction accuracy because pairwise genetic distances only reflect partial information about a reticulate phylogeny. To balance accuracy and computational efficiency, here we introduce a quartet-based method to construct a phylogenetic network from a multiple sequence alignment. Unlike distances that only reflect the relationship between a pair of taxa, quartets contain information on the relationships among four taxa; these quartets provide adequate capacity to infer a more accurate phylogenetic network. In applications to simulated and biological data sets, we demonstrate that this novel method is robust and effective in reconstructing reticulate evolutionary events and it has the potential to infer more accurate phylogenetic distances than other conventional phylogenetic network construction methods such as Neighbor-Joining, Neighbor-Net, and Split Decomposition. This method can be used in constructing phylogenetic networks from simple evolutionary events involving a few reticulate events to complex evolutionary histories involving a large number of reticulate events. A software called "Quartet-Net" is implemented and available at http://sysbio.cvm.msstate.edu/QuartetNet/.

  12. On the structure of negative-parity states in 66Zn and 70Ge

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cleemann, L.; Eberth, J.; Neumann, W.; Zobel, V.

    1982-09-01

    Mean lifetimes of negative-parity states in 66Zn and 70Ge have been measured using the recoil distance Doppler shift technique. The states in 66Zn have been studied through the reaction 55Mn( 14N, 2pnγ) 66Zn at E = 47 MeV, those in 70Ge through the reaction 56Fe( 16O, 2pγ) 70Ge at E = 46 MeV. The measurements were performed with a plunger apparatus with a piezo-electric distance regulation. The mean lifetimes in 66Zn were measured to be 66 ± 4ps (5 - state), 43 ± 2 ps (6 - state), 192 ± 15 ps (7 - state), and 2.7 ± 1.2 ps (9 - state), those of 70Ge 19.7 ± 2 ps (5 - state), 51 ± 4 ps (6 - state), and 25.2 ± 1.4 ps (7 - state). Deduced B ( Ml) and B( E2) values are compared with theoretical predictions of a two-proton cluster-vibration coupling model (CVM) which describes these states as couplings of g {9}/{2} ⊗ (fp shell) proton clusters to zero, one and higher phonon excitations of the corresponding Ni and Zn cores. Good overall agreement between the theoretical values and the experimental data was found.

  13. Assessing Local Communities’ Willingness to Pay for River Network Protection: A Contingent Valuation Study of Shanghai, China

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    Yu Jiang

    2012-10-01

    Full Text Available River networks have experienced serious degradation because of rapid urbanization and population growth in developing countries such as China, and the protection of these networks requires the integration of evaluation with ecology and economics. In this study, a structured questionnaire survey of local residents in Shanghai (China was conducted in urban and suburban areas. The study examined residents’ awareness of the value of the river network, sought their attitude toward the current status, and employed a logistic regression analysis based on the contingent valuation method (CVM to calculate the total benefit and explain the socioeconomic factors influencing the residents’ willingness to pay (WTP. The results suggested that residents in Shanghai had a high degree of recognition of river network value but a low degree of satisfaction with the government’s actions and the current situation. The study also illustrated that the majority of respondents were willing to pay for river network protection. The mean WTP was 226.44 RMB per household per year. The number of years lived in Shanghai, the distance from the home to the nearest river, and the amount of the bid were important factors that influenced the respondents’ WTP. Suggestions for comprehensive management were proposed for the use of policy makers in river network conservation.

  14. Evidências do Entendimento de Quatro Pronunciamentos Contábeis por Auditores Independentes do Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Neirilaine Silva de Almeida

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available The employment of an international standard for corporate financial statements worldwide has been increasingly required. However the concern some authors have as to effective comparability of information, depending on the possibility of disparate interpretations even with the use of identical standards, still persists. Thus, this study aims to identify how independent auditors of companies indexed in the CVM interpret four Brazilian Accounting Pronouncements, by means of a questionnaire adapted from Chand, Patel and Patel (2010. In addition, the research attempts to identify the association between the auditors’ interpretations and four variables (the size of the undertaking; familiarity with IFRS; experience with auditing; and experience with IFRS-related activities. Analysis was done via Chi-square Test, Correspondence Analysis (ANACOR and Homogeneity Analysis (HOMALS. The results show a lack of consensus among auditors in the sample. It was noticed that interpretations of the three Brazilian Accounting Pronouncements were statistically distinct in function: the size of the undertaking, familiarity with IFRS, and experience with IFRS-related activities. In light of these results, it can be inferred that, within the use of the same standard, there is a possibility that Brazilian professionals have different interpretations and, therefore, make decisions that will produce non-comparable accounting reports.

  15. Disclosure ambiental dos produtores de etanol com ações listadas na Bovespa e Nyse - Environmental disclosure by ethanol producers listed on the Bovespa and Nyse stock exchanges

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cassio Luiz Vellani

    2009-05-01

    Full Text Available Ao mesmo tempo em que a empresa proporciona valor aos seus acionistas, também pode fornecer educação, cultura, lazer e justiça social aos funcionários; e ainda, não prejudicar a vida e a diversidade dos ecossistemas. Ou seja, a empresa pode atuar em três dimensões da Sustentabilidade Empresarial: Econômica, Social e Ambiental. Este artigo foca nessa última. Alguns setores como o do etanol, por serem muitas vezes divulgado como um setor ligado a energia renovável, deveriam ser exemplo de evidenciação ambiental. Este artigo objetiva responder ao seguinte questionamento: como as empresas produtoras de etanol, com ações listadas na BOVESPA e NYSE, informam sobre os gastos e benefícios incorridos nas atividades ambientais: por meio de palavras apenas ou valores monetários são também divulgados? Há um padrão na evidenciação? Por meio de uma Pesquisa Estudo de Caso, conclui-se que as empresas produtoras de etanol com ações listadas na BOVESPA e NYSE evidenciam informações ambientais por meio de textos escritos e não financeiros contidos dos relatórios contábeis enviados à SEC e CVM. Valores dos gastos e benefícios ambientais não são citados por completo. Percebe-se que há um padrão, mas ainda em evolução. Pode-se dizer que as empresas ainda informam somente o exigido por leis e órgãos fiscalizadores. Não foram encontradas evidências de relatórios econômico-financeiro-ambientais. At the same time a firm provides value to its stockholders, it can offer education, culture, leisure activities and social justice to its employees and not harm life and ecosystem diversity. In other words, the firm can act in the three dimensions of corporate sustainability: economic, social and environmental. This article focuses on the latter. The ethanol sector, often portrayed as being linked to renewable energy, should serve to exemplify environmental disclosure. This article seeks to answer the following question: how do

  16. A new species of poeciliid fish, Poeciliopsis santaelena, from Peninsula Santa Elena, Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica

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    William A Bussing

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available An undescribed freshwater fish was recently discovered during a biological inventory of Area de Conservación Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica. This new species of Poeciliopsis is closely related to a group of widespread species of small spotted fishes designated as the Poeciliopsis gracilis complex in this study. The complex extends on both versants from southern Mexico to Nicaragua, and with this new finding, extends into Costa Rica. The new species is distinguished from its Central American relatives by its lack of lateral and ventral markings, higher pectoral and caudal-fin counts and more posterior placement of the dorsal fin. Poeciliopsis santaelena is endemic to the Río Potrero Grande, a river whose flow is reduced to just a few pools during the long dry season and flows fully only during very rainy weather. It is just another in a growing list of threatened or endangered species found in this unique peninsular environment. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (2: 829-838. Epub 2008 June 30.Recientemente se descubrió una especie no descrita de pez dulceacuícola durante un inventario biológico en Area de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG en el noroeste de Costa Rica. Esta especie nueva del género Poeciliopsis tiene un parentesco cercano con un grupo de especies con puntos en los costados ampliamente distribuidas que se designan en este informe como complejo de Poeciliopsis gracilis. El complejo se extiende en ambas vertientes desde el sur de México hasta Nicaragua. La especie nueva se distingue de sus parientes centroamericanos por su falta de manchas negras laterales y ventrales, mayor número de radios pectorales y caudales, y posición más posterior de la aleta dorsal. Poeciliopsis santaelena, especie endémica de un sólo riachuelo intermitente, es una especie más in la lista de especies en peligro que se encuentra en este peculiar ambiente peninsular.

  17. Value of Clean Water Resources: Estimating the Water Quality Improvement in Metro Manila, Philippines

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    Shokhrukh-Mirzo Jalilov

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available While having many positive impacts, a tremendous economic performance and rapid industrial expansion over the last decades in the Philippines has had negative effects that have resulted in unfavorable hydrological and ecological changes in most urban river systems and has created environmental problems. Usually, these effects would not be part of a systematic assessment of urban water benefits. To address the issue, this study investigates the relationship between poor water quality and resident’s willingness to pay (WTP for improved water quality in Metro Manila. By employing a contingent valuation method (CVM, this paper estimates the benefits of the provision of clean water quality (swimmable and fishable in waterbodies of Metro Manila for its residents. Face-to-face interviews were completed with 240 randomly selected residents. Residents expressed a mean WTP of PHP102.44 (USD2.03 for a swimmable water quality (good quality and a mean WTP of PHP102.39 (USD2.03 for fishable water quality (moderate quality. The aggregation of this mean willingness-to-pay value amounted to annual economic benefits from PHP9443 billion to PHP9447 billion (approx. USD190 million per year for all taxpayers in Metro Manila. As expected, these estimates could inform local decision-makers about the benefits of future policy interventions aimed at improving the quality of waterbodies in Metro Manila.

  18. Ecosystem Services Valuation of Lakeside Wetland Park beside Chaohu Lake in China

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tan Li

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available Wetland ecosystems are one of the three great ecosystems on Earth. With a deepening of research on wetland ecosystems, researchers have paid more and more attention to wetland ecosystem services such as flood mitigation, climate control, pollution prevention, soil-erosion prevention, biodiversity maintenance, and bio-productivity protection. This study focuses on a lakeside wetland ecosystem in Hefei, a city in central China, and estimates the value of ecosystem services such as material production, air purification, water conservation, biodiversity, recreation, species conservation, education and scientific research. We adopted the market value method, carbon tax method, afforestation cost method, shadow engineering method and contingent value method (CVM using questionnaire survey data during the study period. The results show that the total value of the ecosystem services of Lakeside Wetland Park was 144 million CNY in 2015. Among these services, the value of society service is the maximum at 91.73 million CNY, followed by ecological service and material production service (42.23 million CNY and 10.43 billion CNY in 2015 respectively. When considering wetland ecosystems for economic development, other services must be considered in addition to material production to obtain a longer-term economic value. This research reveals that there is scope for more comprehensive and integrated model development, including multiple wetland ecosystem services and appropriate handling of wetland ecosystem management impacts.

  19. Audit Quality in Brazil: A Study of the Judgment of the Independent Auditors on Adoption of the Adjustment to Present Value in Construction and Engineering Companies Listed on BM&F-Bovespa

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    Felipe da Silva Moreira

    2015-04-01

    Full Text Available Audit quality is a complex issue and difficult to measure on the audit quality level in the Brazilian stock exchange. Most of the companies listed on the on the stock exchange are audited by companies called the Big Four and in this context, the market assigns to them pretext of higher quality in their performances when compared with the non-Big Four companies. In Brazil, recent financial scandals while international accounting and auditing standards were been adopted. This provides an opportunity to analyze the adequacy of audit services to the convergence process. Given the scenario, the problem arises: Have the audit firms uniform quality, based on the technical criteria of their judgment when the proper adoption of CPC 12 – adjustment to present value by Brazilian listed companies? The objective of this study is to investigate the uniformity in the quality of services performed by audit firms in Brazil about Brazilian listed companies based on adoption to CVM deliberation number 564/08. This paper consists on the analysis of the accounting reports, reference form and the Auditors of the companies of the construction and engineering sector in years 2010 and 2011, revealing among its main findings the absence of uniform quality in the independent auditor’s report based on the adoption to the adjustment to present value.

  20. The View of the Academy and the Job Market on Teaching Auditing

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    Jhonatan Hoff

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available The objective of this study was to identify the perception of audit teaching according to the academy and the labor market, based on the evaluation of the importance professionals and teachers grant to the main conceptual and normative aspects of the audit area. In order to achieve the proposed objective, the perception of the teachers responsible for the audit discipline and the auditors working in the labor market was collected through a questionnaire structured in the form of a Likert scale. The research sample comprised all the federal and state universities that offer accounting courses and all the audit companies registered in the database of the Brazilian Securities Commission (CVM. The responses were treated using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney and Spearman’s correlation tests. The results show that, in approximately 75% of the topics raised in this study, the academy tends to correspond to the expectation the market holds about the importance given to such contents within the audit discipline. The main differences are related to Assurance Service, Audit of Non-Profit Entities, Audit of Governmental Agencies, Quality Control and Audit of Information Systems, which do not receive emphasis within the academy, according to the market perspective. The results presented here can be used for teachers to evaluate the disposition of the contents covered within the discipline, considering the relevance attributed by the market.

  1. Prototype of a subsurface drip irrigation emitter: Manufacturing, hydraulic evaluation and experimental analyses

    Science.gov (United States)

    Souza, Wanderley De Jesus; Rodrigues Sinobas, Leonor; Sánchez, Raúl; Arriel Botrel, Tarlei; Duarte Coelho, Rubens

    2013-04-01

    Root and soil intrusion into the conventional emitters is one of the major disadvantages to obtain a good uniformity of water application in subsurface drip irrigation (SDI). In the last years, there have been different approaches to reduce these problems such as the impregnation of emitters with herbicide, and the search for an emitter geometry impairing the intrusion of small roots. Within the last this study, has developed and evaluated an emitter model which geometry shows specific physical features to prevent emitter clogging. This work was developed at the Biosystems Engineering Department at ESALQ-USP/Brazil, and it is a part of a research in which an innovated emitteŕs model for SDI has been developed to prevent root and soil particles intrusion. An emitter with a mechanical-hydraulic mechanism (opening and closing the water outlet) for SDI was developed and manufactured using a mechanical lathe process. It was composed by a silicon elastic membrane a polyethylene tube and a Vnyl Polychloride membrane protector system. In this study the performance of the developed prototype was assessed in the laboratory and in the field conditions. In the laboratory, uniformity of water application was calculated by the water emission uniformity coefficient (CUE), and the manufacturer's coefficient of variation (CVm). In addition, variation in the membrane diameter submitted to internal pressures; head losses along the membrane, using the energy equation; and, precision and accuracy of the equation model, analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficient (r), and by Willmott's concordance index (d) were also calculated with samples of the developed emitters. In the field, the emitters were installed in pots with and without sugar cane culture from October 2010 to January 2012. During this time, flow rate in 20 emitters were measured periodically, and the aspects of them about clogging at the end of the experiment. Emitters flow rates were measured quarterly to calculate

  2. Desempenho das companhias pós-fusões e aquisições mensurado pelos filtros de Graham = Performance of post-mergers and acquisitions companies measured by Graham Filters

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    Leandro Augusto Toigo

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available O estudo objetiva verificar o desempenho das companhias que realizaram fusões e aquisições por meio da avaliação de desempenho com o uso dos Filtros de Graham. A pesquisa, caracterizada como descritiva, documental e quantitativa, foi realizada a partir de dados contábeis, financeiros e de mercado de quarenta e duas companhias abertas brasileiras listadas na BM&FBovespa, que realizaram fusões e aquisições com troca de controle entre os períodos de 2006 e 2010. Os dados sobre as fusões e aquisições foram coletados junto ao sítio da CVM – Comissão de Valores Mobiliários em fatos relevantes. As informações sobre o desempenho foram levantadas junto à base Economática®. Calculou-se o desempenho das quarenta e duas companhias por sete Filtros de Graham, transformados em um ranking pela aplicação do TOPSIS. Pelos resultados, verifica-se que nos cinco anos de análise as companhias tiveram variações positivas de desempenho no ranking. Como contribuição ao cálculo de desempenho das empresas, os Filtros de Graham permitiram identificar a elevação do lucro líquido, redução do endividamento, aumento dos ativos. Com esses resultados constata-se que as companhias que passaram por fusões e aquisições apresentam boa saúde financeira e baixo risco. Como conclusão, tem-se que esses resultados do desempenho das companhias pelos Filtros de Graham nos processos de fusões e aquisições, realizados no ambiente brasileiro, apresentam razoável segurança aos acionistas e bom nível de Governança Corporativa. The objective of this study was to verify the performance of the companies that performed mergers and acquisitions by evaluating performance with the use of Graham Filters. The research, characterized as descriptive, documentary and quantitative, was based on the accounting, financial and market data of 42 Brazilian companies listed on the BM&FBovespa, which conducted mergers and acquisitions with exchange of control

  3. Riscos Empresariais Divulgados nas Ofertas Públicas de Ações no BrasilEnterprise Risk Disclosed in Initial Public Offering in BrazilRiesgos Empresariales Divulgados en las Ofertas Públicas de Acciones en Brasil

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    CUNHA, Paulo Roberto da

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available RESUMOA regulamentação vigente no Brasil determina que empresas que desejam captar recursos no mercado de capitais por meio de emissão de ações devem elaborar um Prospecto de Oferta Pública de Ações no qual devem informar, entre outros fatores, todos os riscos que podem afetar o negócio. O objetivo deste artigo é investigar o nível de evidenciação dos riscos empresariais informados nesses prospectos. O delineamento metodológico foi descritivo com uma abordagem qualitativa. O objeto de análise consistiu nos Prospectos Definitivos de Oferta Pública de Ações listados na Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (CVM no ano de 2008. A amostra consistiu em 10 empresas de diversos segmentos. Adotou-se um critério de pontuação por meio do qual foi verificado que o percentual médio de pontuação atingido foi de 59% de evidenciação. Foram definidos também indicadores do nível de evidenciação por categoria de risco e por empresa. Esse percentual variou entre 42% da categoria “riscos da emissora” até 85% na categoria “riscos relacionados ao acionista”. Quanto à pontuação das empresas, a menor pontuação foi obtida pela Le Lis Blanc, com 51%, enquanto a Vale do Rio Doce obteve a maior pontuação, 66% do total possível. Como conclusão geral, constatou-se que o nível de evidenciação de riscos nos prospectos de oferta de ações ainda não é satisfatório. Possíveis causas para esse fenômeno são analisadas.ABSTRACTThe current legislation in Brazil requires that companies wishing to raise funds in capital markets through issuance of shares shall prepare a prospectus for Initial Public Offering (IPO in which they inform, among other things, all risks that may affect the business. The aim of this paper is to investigate the level of disclosure of business risks reported in these prospectuses. The methodological design was a descriptive qualitative approach. The object of analysis consisted of the final prospectus for

  4. Analisis Nilai Ekonomi Kawasan Menggunakan Travel Cost Method (Tcm) & Contingent Valuation Method (Cvm) Untuk Pembuatan Peta Zona Nilai Ekonomi Kawasan Dengan Sig (Studi Kasus : Kawasan Agrowisata Pagilaran, Kabupaten Batang)

    OpenAIRE

    Budiman, Jolangga Agung; Sudarsono, Bambang; Sukmono, Abdi

    2017-01-01

    Batang district has many natural tourism areas that are mostly visited by domestic or foreign tourists. One of these areas is Agrotourism Pagilaran Area. Generally this tourism area gives fresh atmosphere, the wide of tea plantation and some recreation places that make us enjoying the nature. This condition makes the tourists to come to Agrotourism Pagilaran Area. Hopefully Agrotourism Pagilaran Area will be the best tourism area in the future especially for the regional of Pekalongan with it...

  5. VMCast: A VM-Assisted Stability Enhancing Solution for Tree-Based Overlay Multicast.

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    Weidong Gu

    Full Text Available Tree-based overlay multicast is an effective group communication method for media streaming applications. However, a group member's departure causes all of its descendants to be disconnected from the multicast tree for some time, which results in poor performance. The above problem is difficult to be addressed because overlay multicast tree is intrinsically instable. In this paper, we proposed a novel stability enhancing solution, VMCast, for tree-based overlay multicast. This solution uses two types of on-demand cloud virtual machines (VMs, i.e., multicast VMs (MVMs and compensation VMs (CVMs. MVMs are used to disseminate the multicast data, whereas CVMs are used to offer streaming compensation. The used VMs in the same cloud datacenter constitute a VM cluster. Each VM cluster is responsible for a service domain (VMSD, and each group member belongs to a specific VMSD. The data source delivers the multicast data to MVMs through a reliable path, and MVMs further disseminate the data to group members along domain overlay multicast trees. The above approach structurally improves the stability of the overlay multicast tree. We further utilized CVM-based streaming compensation to enhance the stability of the data distribution in the VMSDs. VMCast can be used as an extension to existing tree-based overlay multicast solutions, to provide better services for media streaming applications. We applied VMCast to two application instances (i.e., HMTP and HCcast. The results show that it can obviously enhance the stability of the data distribution.

  6. On the threshold of adulthood: A new approach for the use of maturation indicators to assess puberty in adolescents from medieval England.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lewis, Mary; Shapland, Fiona; Watts, Rebecca

    2016-01-01

    This study provides the first large scale analysis of the age at which adolescents in medieval England entered and completed the pubertal growth spurt. This new method has implications for expanding our knowledge of adolescent maturation across different time periods and regions. In total, 994 adolescent skeletons (10-25 years) from four urban sites in medieval England (AD 900-1550) were analyzed for evidence of pubertal stage using new osteological techniques developed from the clinical literature (i.e., hamate hook development, cervical vertebral maturation (CVM), canine mineralization, iliac crest ossification, and radial fusion). Adolescents began puberty at a similar age to modern children at around 10-12 years, but the onset of menarche in girls was delayed by up to 3 years, occurring around 15 for most in the study sample and 17 years for females living in London. Modern European males usually complete their maturation by 16-18 years; medieval males took longer with the deceleration stage of the growth spurt extending as late as 21 years. This research provides the first attempt to directly assess the age of pubertal development in adolescents during the 10th-17th centuries. Poor diet, infections, and physical exertion may have contributed to delayed development in the medieval adolescents, particularly for those living in the city of London. This study sheds new light on the nature of adolescence in the medieval period, highlighting an extended period of physical and social transition. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  7. Evaluating the public perceptions of nuclear power in China: Evidence from a contingent valuation survey

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sun, Chuanwang; Zhu, Xiting

    2014-01-01

    After the Fukushima nuclear accident, more and more attention has been paid to the safety issues of nuclear power in China, even though it is a clean and necessary substitution to coal power. Due to the consideration about the uncertainty of nuclear safety, the local citizens may resist the nuclear power programs in their neighborhood, as indicated by the anti-nuclear movement in Jiangmen 2013. This phenomenon is often related to the public perceptions of “not-in-my-back-yard” (NIMABY). The explosion of anti-nuclear movements will impose adverse effects on the nuclear power decision-making in China. Based on the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), we evaluate the public Willingness-To-Pay (WTP) for avoiding the construction of nuclear power plants in their neighborhood. Moreover, we analyze whether more information about nuclear energy could improve the public acceptance. Our results show that the comprehensive information will decrease the public risk perception of nuclear power and increase the public support for nuclear power policy. This paper further suggests that China's decision makers should improve policy transparency and encourage the public involvement of nuclear energy decision making. - Highlights: • We firstly evaluate the WTP for avoiding nuclear construction in China. • The study is based on the CV survey data after the Fukushima accident. • More understanding of nuclear energy could improve public acceptance. • Decision-makers should improve policy transparency and public involvement

  8. Effects of the audit committee and the fiscal council on earnings quality in Brazil

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    Vitor Gomes Baioco

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT This study evaluates the effects of the audit committee and the fiscal council with their different characteristics on earnings quality in Brazil. The proxies of earnings quality used are: relevance of accounting information, timeliness, and conditional conservatism. The sample consists of Brazilian companies listed on the Brazilian Securities, Commodities, and Futures Exchange (BM&FBOVESPA with annual liquidity above 0.001 within the period from 2010 to 2013. Data were collected from the database Comdinheiro and the Reference Forms of companies available on the website of the Brazilian Securities and Exchange Commission (CVM or the BM&FBOVESPA. The samples used in the study totaled 718, 688, and 722 observations for the value relevance, timeliness, and conditional conservatism models, respectively. The results indicate that different arrangements of the fiscal council and the existence of the audit committee differently impact the accounting information properties. The presence of the fiscal council positively impacted the relevance of equity, while the presence of the audit committee, the relevance of earnings. Conditional conservatism is evidenced in the group of companies with a permanent fiscal council, demonstrating that it is significant as a governance mechanism, rather than the installation for temporary operation when asked by shareholders in an ordinary general meeting. The presence of both showed significant earnings for the market, but they were not timely, something which exposes restriction to the relevance found. Lastly, the powered fiscal council showed a positive association only concerning the relevance of equity.

  9. Factors explaining the level of voluntary human capital disclosure in the Brazilian capital market

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    Fernando Batista Fontana

    2013-04-01

    Full Text Available Purpose: This paper presents a study on factors explaining the level of voluntary human capital information in companies with shares in the Brazilian stock exchange. Assuming the existence of information asymmetry between managers and shareholders, agency theory states that disclosure might lead to a reduction in agency costs. The proprietary costs theory indicates that information disclosure might increase the company’s costs. According to these theories, the likelihood that the managers will voluntarily disclose information depends on certain factors that are characteristic of the company. Understanding the disclosure of information regarding intangible assets, specifically human capital, has strategic relevance for enterprises because these features, although not always recorded in accounting, represent a competitive business edge in the current economy.Design/methodology/approach: The study examined 145 annual reports, representing 29 companies in the period of 2005-2009. The level of voluntary disclosure was determined through content analysis of annual reports using representative indicators of human capital information.Findings: The statistical results indicate that factors such as size, debt, growth and time of registration with the brazilian Securities and Exchange Commission explain the level of voluntary human capital disclosure of the companies studied.Originality/value: An important contribution of this research is the formulation and non-repudiation of the time of registration with the CVM hypothesis as a factor that explains the level of human capital disclosure because none of the revised studies have tested this hypothesis.

  10. A comparison between cervical vertebrae and modified MP3 stages for the assessment of skeletal maturity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Prasad, Mandava; Ganji, Venkata Suresh Kumar; George, Suja Ani; Talapaneni, Ashok Kumar; Shetty, Sharath Kumar

    2013-01-01

    Evaluation of skeletal maturity in human individuals is an important aspect in orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics because, growth guidance and fundamental structural changes are essential for treatment of skeletal discrepancies in all the three planes. Among various growth assessment methods, cervical vertebra maturation stages and hand wrist have been correlated with the individual growth changes during puberty. The purpose of this study is to determine correlation of the CVM index with the modified median phalanx index (MP3) as described by Rajagopal and Kansal. 200 subjects (100 males and 100 females) of Nellore, Indian origin boys aged between 10 to 19 years and girls of 8 to 16 years were selected for the study. The subjects are selected randomly from patients visiting the Departments of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Pediatric dentistry and Oral medicine and Radiology at Narayana Dental College and Hospital. Nellore. Radiographs of left hand MP3 and lateral cephalogram were taken. Cohen's kappa statistic was used to assess the agreement between the two measurements based on categorical variables. There was a good concordance between 6 stages of CVMI (Hassel and Farman) and the 6 stages of MP3 (Rajagopal and Kansal). Physiological maturity was earlier in females than in males when compared to the individuals of opposite sex of same chronological age. Chronological age was not a valid predictor of assessing the skeletal maturity because of significant variations in the distribution of CVMI and MP3 stages with respect to individual chronological age distribution.

  11. CUSTO DE CAPITAL MÉDIO PONDERADO NA AVALIAÇÃO DE EMPRESAS NO BRASIL: UMA INVESTIGAÇÃO DA ADERÊNCIA ACADÊMICA E A PRÁTICA DE MERCADO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ednei Morais Pereira

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho é o de investigar a aderência entre a prática e a literatura atual sobre o uso do Custo Médio Ponderado de Capital (WACC. Para verificar a prática de mercado, realizou-se uma análise nos laudos de avaliação econômico financeiro para os fins de oferta pública de aquisição de ações (OPAs, disponíveis na Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (CVM, de 2004 a 2009. Pelos resultados analisados, concluiu-se que 79% dos laudos aplicaram corretamente o modelo do WACC, como taxa de desconto apropriada ao fluxo de caixa livre da firma, mas apenas 5% utilizaram os valores de mercado para a proporção do patrimônio líquido e dívida no cálculo dessa taxa, e ainda, somente estes laudos (5% utilizaram a taxa de desconto variável ao longo de todo período projetado. E também, ficou evidenciado que a previsão de uma estrutura “ótima” de capital seguido pelo valor contábil predomina as taxas de desconto utilizadas nas avaliações, o que vai de encontro com o preconizado pela literatura atual, mostrando uma falta de aderência entre a prática e as pesquisas atuais.

  12. Testing Anchoring effect in CV Data from Dichotomous Choice with a Follow-up Questioning

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Shin, Young Cheol [Dae-Jin University, Pocheon (Korea)

    1998-09-01

    A questionnaire of dual bisected selection of CVM, which is an induced approach of intended payment, was suggested to overcome statistical inefficiency of a questionnaire of single bisected selection. In spite of several advantages of it, it is doubted that there would be an occurrence of anchoring effect, which is a psychological source of convenient starting point. Therefore, the general intended payment model, which can review the anchoring effect from CV questionnaire of dual bisected selection, was suggested and a mechanism that can review the anchoring effect from the model. This model is combining the dual variation model by Cameron and Quiggin (1994) with the results of bisected selective responses of a firstly presented particular amount as an explanatory variable of the second interior intended payment amount. If the sign of coefficient of the results of bisected selective responses of a firstly presented particular amount was negative and statistically significant, then it can be said that there is an anchoring effect. However, when there is uncertainty of occurrence of anchoring effect from the coefficient review, there is no need to worry about the anchoring effect if the average of estimated values of intended payment amount from two responses were different. As a result of applying this model and mechanism to CV materials on the improvement of water quality of the Han River, there is no need to worry about the anchoring effect. (author). 21 refs., 4 tabs.

  13. Public health campaign to promote hand hygiene before meals in a college of veterinary medicine.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Heinrich, Ellen R E; KuKanich, Kate S; Davis, Elizabeth; White, Brad J

    2014-01-01

    Veterinary students can be exposed to environmental infectious agents in school that may include zoonotic pathogens. Encouraging effective hand hygiene can minimize the spread of zoonoses and promote public health and the One Health concept among veterinary students. The purpose of this study was to determine if a campaign could improve hand hygiene among veterinary students at extracurricular meetings serving meals. Nine Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine (KSU-CVM) extracurricular organizations participated in the study, sanitizer was provided at each meeting, and baseline hand-hygiene data were observed. A hand-hygiene opportunity was defined as any student observed to approach the buffet food line. Sanitizer use (yes/no) and gender (male/female) were recorded. Campaign interventions included a 3.5-minute educational video and a novel motivational poster. The video was presented to all first-year, second-year, and third-year veterinary students. Posters encouraging hand sanitization were displayed on doors and tables alongside sanitizers at each meeting. Observational hand-hygiene data were collected immediately after introduction of interventions and again 3 months later. Environmental sampling for presence of bacteria in and around meeting locations was also performed. Observed hand hygiene was lowest during baseline (11.0% ± 1.7), improved significantly post-intervention (48.8% ± 3.2), and remained improved at 3-month follow-up (33.5% ± 4.0). Females had higher probability of hand sanitizing (35.9% ± 2.2) than males (21.4% ± 2.4) (phand hygiene before meals.

  14. ANÁLISE DE CONTEÚDO DOS ITENS OBRIGATÓRIOS OU RECOMENDADOS E DE DIVULGAÇÃO ESPONTÂNEA NO RELATÓRIO DA ADMINISTRAÇÃO DAS COMPANHIAS ABERTAS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    ALESSANDRA VASCONCELOS GALLON

    2008-04-01

    Full Text Available O artigo descreve a análise de conteúdo da evidenciação nos Relatórios da Administração das empresas participantes dos níveis de governança da Bovespa, relacionada aos itens obrigatórios pela Lei nº 6.404/76, recomendados pela CVM através do Parecer de Orientação nº 15/87 e outros itens de divulgação espontânea. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como descritiva, realizada por meio de análise documental, com análise de clusters. Os resultados mostram que as 55 companhias abertas brasileiras, participantes do nível 1 e 2 de governança e novo mercado da Bovespa, segundo o BDI nº 190/2005, independente do nível de governança, evidenciaram no Relatório de Administração de 2004 mais sentenças do tipo declarativa. Comparando-se o número de sentenças evidenciadas de itens obrigatórios e recomendados e de itens de divulgação espontânea, nota-se que a maior evidenciação é referente aos itens obrigatórios e recomendados. Conclui-se que os Relatórios da Administração das companhias abertas brasileiras apresentam níveis relativamente baixos de evidenciação voluntária.

  15. Business valuation: an analysis of projected cash flows versus takeover bids

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    Camila Menezes

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available One of the main financial statements is the Cash Flow. It became mandatory from the law # 11,638/2007 on, which changed the law # 6,404/1976 – the Corporations’ law, and the Cash Flow statement allows analysis about the companies’ operations activities effects, investing and financing, highlighting their main sources of financial allocation. In 2005 and 2006, 37 companies registered takeover bids in the Brazilian Securities Exchange Commission (CVM – Comissão de Valores Mobiliários. Based on these companies’ analysis of Projected Cash Flows (FCP – Fluxos de Caixa Projetados when the takeover bids were put in place and their Actual Cash Flows (FCR – Fluxo de Caixa Realizados the objective of this work was to compare those cash flows, to analyze the differences between the Statements of Cash Flows attached to the Appraisal Reports and the actual ones, as well as to check if these companies’ cash were in line with the balances projected in the takeover bids. The obtained results via statistical analysis of differences between the Projected Cash Flows attached to the Appraisal Reports and the effective Actual Cash Flows, all of them compared in the period between 2007 and 2013, did not show significant differences among them. IE: it was observed that, nevertheless the companies did not accomplish the promised Cash Flows delivery when the OPAs were put in place, the differences between the balances projected and the actual ones were not statistically significant.

  16. Reflections Of Law 11.638/07 In The Accounting Indicators Of Textile Companies Listed On BM&FBovespa

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    Nelson Hein

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available In December 2007, Law 11.638 (2007 was enacted in Brazil,which altered the Corporate Law. This law imposed significantchanges, including the adoption of the Brazilian accountingstandards in accordance with international standards, whichimplies different changes in the financial statements. Accordingto this perception of changes in the financial statements, changescan also take place in the accounting indicators used for thepurpose of financial statement analysis. In that context, in thispaper, the aim is to verify whether Law 11.638 (2007 entailedstatistically significant reflections in the accounting indicators.A descriptive study was undertaken with a quantitativeapproach. Data were collected from the Standardized FinancialStatements (SFSs for the period from 2000 till 2008, availableon the website of the Brazilian Securities Commission (CVM.The convenience sample consisted of 16 companies listed onBM&FBovespa, classified in the cyclical consumption sector, inthe subsector tissue, clothing and footwear, under the ply andtissue segment, with all SFSs in the period under study. Statisticallinear regression techniques were applied based on the KoyckModel and the canonical correlation model. The results showedthat a statistically significant canonical correlation exists betweenthe accounting indicators in force before Law 11.638 (2007 andthe accounting indicators after the same law came into force. Ingeneral, according to the companies analyzed, it is concludedthat the accounting indicators underwent no statisticallysignificant alterations as a result of the elaboration of the financialstatements in compliance with the premises of Law 11.638 (2007.

  17. Rodízio de firmas de auditoria: a experiência brasileira e as conclusões do mercado Rotation of audit firms: the brazilian experience and the market's conclusions

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    Alexandre Queiroz de Oliveira

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available O rodízio de firmas de auditoria foi introduzido no Brasil por ocasião dos escândalos corporativos de instituições financeiras na emissão das demonstrações contábeis e adotado pela CVM - Comissão de Valores Mobiliários às empresas registradas na Bolsa de Valores do Brasil. Tendo como objetivo a preservação da independência do auditor e a diminuição dos erros contábeis e fraudes relacionados ao processo de auditoria das demonstrações contábeis, o rodízio de firmas é um assunto polêmico, pois afeta a relação comercial e profissional dos auditores com seus clientes bem como toda a estrutura de mercado das firmas de auditoria. O artigo foi desenvolvido com base na evolução histórica do conceito de rodízio de firmas de auditoria, na avaliação das pesquisas realizadas sobre o assunto em outros países e nas estruturas filosóficas que determinam os princípios éticos que são atrelados à Contabilidade e à Auditoria. Além disso, foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo sobre os aspectos inerentes do rodízio de firmas de auditoria. Essa pesquisa coletou a opinião de 127 profissionais do mercado financeiro, sendo 84 executivos de empresas que trabalham ou influenciam na elaboração das demonstrações contábeis e 43 auditores independentes que atuam diretamente no processo de auditagem das contas contábeis. A principal conclusão obtida foi a confirmação de que o rodízio de firmas de auditoria não tem capacidade de assegurar a independência do auditor no seu trabalho e não diminui os riscos de erros contábeis e de fraudes na elaboração das demonstrações contábeis.The rotation of audit firms was introduced in Brazil as a result of the corporate scandals involving financial institutions in the issue of their financial statements, and adopted by the CVM - Brazilian Securities Commission for publicly traded companies in Brazil. Aiming to preserve the independence of the auditor and to reduce frauds and

  18. Effect of conventional TENS on pain and electromyographic activity of masticatory muscles in TMD patients Efeito da TENS convencional sobre a dor e a atividade eletromiográfica dos músculos mastigatórios em pacientes com DTM

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    Delaine Rodrigues

    2004-12-01

    feminino, 19 portadores de DTM (média de 23,04 anos ± 3,5 e 16 normais (média de 23,3 anos ± 3,0. A TENS (modo convencional, 150 Hz foi aplicada uma vez em ambos os grupos, por 45 min. O exame EMG de superfície (ganho de 100 vezes e freqüência de amostragem de 1 kHz e a escala visual analógica (EVA foram realizados antes e imediatamente depois da aplicação da TENS. Os dados da EVA e os valores da "root mean square" (RMS foram analisados pelo teste t de Student. Observou-se que, na situação de repouso, os indivíduos com DTM apresentam um aumento da atividade EMG dos músculos elevadores da mandíbula em relação aos do grupo controle. Na contração voluntária máxima (CVM, não foram observadas diferenças entre os grupos. Nos portadores de DTM, a TENS reduziu a dor, a atividade EMG da porção anterior do músculo temporal e aumentou a atividade dos músculos masseteres durante a CVM. É possível concluir que apenas uma aplicação da TENS é efetiva para reduzir a dor, porém não atua de forma homogênea sobre as características da atividade elétrica dos músculos avaliados.

  19. Efecto de actividades turísticas sobre el comportamiento de fauna representativa de las Islas Galápagos, Ecuador Short-term effects of tourism activities on the behavior of representative fauna on the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador

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    Fernanda González-Pérez

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Fueron consideradas clave para actividades turísticas en 16 sitios de las Islas Galápagos: la raya sartén marmoleada (Taeniura meyeri, raya águila (Aetobatus narinari, tiburón de aleta blanca (Triaenodon obesus, tortuga verde (Chelonia mydas, cormorán no volador (Phalacrocorax harrisi y lobo marino de Galápagos (Zalophus califórnianus, con el objetivo de analizar reacciones a corto plazo ante actividades de buceo apnea o "snorkeling", buceo autónomo o "scuba", paseos en bote o "panga-ride" y caminatas. Para cada especie se documentó su comportamiento al momento del encuentro con los turistas y su reacción ante dicha situación. El uso del Análisis de Correspondencias reveló que el tipo de reacción de las especies depende significativamente de la actividad turística, a excepción de las rayas sartén marmoleada y águila. Asimismo, los análisis indican que, a nivel de especie, cada actividad turística estuvo asociada significativamente con reacciones animales particulares. Esto sugiere que las especies analizadas son sensibles ante determinadas actividades turísticas, por lo que se deberían implementar recomendaciones de manejo a fin de garantizar la sustentabilidad del ecoturismo.This study focused on the short-term reactions of six key species (Taeniura meyeri, Aetobatus narinari, Triaendon obesus, Chelonia mydas, Phalacrocorax harrisi, and Zalophus califórnianus during tourism activities (SCUBA diving, panga-ride, snorkeling, and hiking at 16 tourist sites on the islands. For each species we recorded its behavior when first encountering tourists and its reaction following this encounter. A Correspondence Analysis revealed that the type of reaction of the species depended significantly on the type of touristic activity, with the exception of the black spotted and eagle rays. Moreover, the analysis showed that, for each species, the different tourist activities were significantly associated with particular animal activities

  20. Morfología de las especies de Hyphessobrycon (Characiformes: Characidae, grupo heterorhabdus, en Colombia

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    Carlos A. García-Alzate

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available El género Hyphessobrycon incluye dieciocho especies reportadas para Colombia de las cuales 13 son miembros del grupo heterorhabdus; con las mismas, se realizó un análisis morfogeométrico por medio del Método de Cerchas (Box Truss y Láminas Delgadas (TPS. Se usaron 13 hitos homólogos tipo I y tres tipo II. El resultado del análisis cluster, llevado a cabo con cada una de las metodologías indicó que estas especies están representadas en dos grandes grupos: robustas y delgadas. Las deformaciones parciales, los componentes uniformes, no uniformes, Warps principales y Warps parciales describieron cambios de la forma relacionados con la profundidad del cuerpo e involucraron desplazamientos relativos del esqueleto apendicular y de la región cefálica. Todas las especies se caracterizan por presentar crecimiento alométrico excepto Hyphessobrycon mavro con isometría entre los hitos 6-7. Se plantean dos nuevas medidas discriminantes (hocico-supraoccipital y supraoccipital-aleta pélvica para las especies del grupo.Morphology of the species Hyphessobrycon, heterorhabdus group (Characiformes: Characidae in Colombia. Hyphessobrycon is the most numerous and morphologically complex genus of Characidae, and includes 18 species reported for Colombia, from which thirteen belong to the heterorhabdus-group different methods have been proposed for species identification within this genus. This study used these species to undertake a morphogeometric analysis by the Box Truss and Thin Plate Splin (TPS methods; 13 homologous landmarks type I and three type II were used. The result of cluster analysis indicated that these species are represented by two big groups: robust and thin. The uniform and non uniform components, and the principal warps (WP and partial warps (Wparc, described the shape changes related to body depth, involving relative displacements of the appendicular skeleton and the cephalic region. All species were characterized by allometric

  1. Empresas de Auditoria e o Compliance com o Nível de Evidenciação Obrigatório Durante o Processo de Convergência às Normas Internacionais de Contabilidade no BrasilBusiness and Compliance Audit with Mandatory Disclosure level During the Convergence of International Accounting Standards in BrazilNegocio de Auditoría y Cumplimiento del Nivel del Divulgación Obligatoria Durante la Convergencia de las Normas Internacionales de Contabilidad en Brasil

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    MAIA, Henrique Araújo

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available RESUMOO objetivo deste estudo foi verificar quais variáveis influenciam o nível de evidenciação mínima das companhias abertas brasileiras durante o período inicial de harmonização às normas internacionais de contabilidade no Brasil. Sob o aspecto metodológico, o estudo é qualitativo-quantitativo, do tipo descritivo. A população-alvo foi formada pelas companhias abertas brasileiras não financeiras que compõem o índice IBRX da Bovespa, cuja amostra final foi composta por 78 empresas. Os dados foram extraídos das demonstrações contábeis e notas explicativas das companhias, nos períodos de 2008 e 2009, por meio do banco de dados da Economática e do site da CVM. A partir da utilização de um índice de evidenciação mínima, composto por 72 itens relativos a pronunciamentos e orientações técnicas emitidos pelo Comitê de Pronunciamentos Contábeis (CPC, foi determinado o nível de evidenciação mínima para cada empresa da amostra. O tratamento dos dados qualitativos foi realizado por meio da análise de conteúdo e dos quantitativos com a técnica de Análise Fatorial Exploratória (AFE e de Modelos Lineares Generalizados (MLG. Os principais resultados apresentaram que o porte das empresas de auditoria, a internacionalização, o nível de governança corporativa e o nível de endividamento influenciam significativamente o nível de evidenciação mínima das empresas. Esse achado sugere que as companhias abertas da amostra, auditadas pelas big four, apresentam melhor qualidade na divulgação de informação contábil do que aquelas auditadas por outras empresas de auditoria independentes.ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to establish the variables that influence the level of minimal disclosure of open Brazilian companies during the initial period of harmonization with international accounting standards in Brazil. Under the methodological aspect, the study is qualitative-quantitative, of a descriptive type. The target

  2. Households’ Willingness to Pay for Improved Water Supply: Application of the Contingent Valuation Method; Evidence from Jigjiga Town, Ethiopia

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    Shemelis Kebede Hundie

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available Water problem in developing countries like Ethiopia is twofold: low coverage levels and poor quality that require urgent attention to reduce associated health and social consequences. Understanding this fact, the government and NGOs are currently carrying out several activities to improve the coverage and quality of water supply. To this end, willingness to pay of households that are expected to be benefited from the project should be analysed. The central objective of this study is, hence, to estimate Willingness to Pay (WTP of households for better-quality water service provision and identify its determinants by using Contingent Valuation Method (CVM in Jigjiga city. We estimate Willingness to Pay (WTP for better quality of water supply service on cross-sectional survey of households in Jigjiga city taking 210 sample households randomly drawn. The highest relative WTP for improved water supply service was found in the city with the highest percentage of respondents being unsatisfied with the current water supply both in terms of quality and quantity. Response to the hypothetical scenario shown that sampled households stated that their mean WTP of 94 cents per 20 litres. The results of logit model revealed that household income, family size, water source, age of the respondent and bid value have significant effects on WTP for improved water service provision. The implication is that it is better take into account the socio-economic characteristics of the households in planning and designing water supply projects, which may serve to set rigorous demand oriented projects that can sustain the service delivery.

  3. Willingness to pay for renewable electricity: A contingent valuation study in Beijing, China

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Guo, Xiurui; Liu, Haifeng; Mao, Xianqiang; Jin, Jianjun; Chen, Dongsheng; Cheng, Shuiyuan

    2014-01-01

    In China, renewable/green electricity, which can provide significant environmental benefits in addition to meeting energy demand, has more non-use value than use-value for electricity consumers, because its users have no way to actually own this use-value. To assess the value of renewable electricity and obtain information on consumer preferences, this study estimated the willingness to pay (WTP) of Beijing residents for renewable electricity by employing the contingent valuation method (CVM) and identified the factors which affect their WTP. The survey randomly selected 700 participants, of which 571 questionnaires were valid. Half of respondents were found to have positive WTP for renewable electricity. The average WTP of Beijing residents for renewable electricity is estimated to be 2.7–3.3 US$ (18.5–22.5CNY) per month. The main factors affecting the WTP of the respondents included income, electricity consumption, bid and payment vehicle. Knowledge of and a positive attitude towards renewable energy also resulted in the relatively higher willingness of a respondent to pay for renewable electricity. The proportion of respondents replying “yes” to WTP questions using a mandatory payment vehicle was slightly higher than that for questions using a voluntary vehicle. Lastly, several policy implications of this study are presented. - Highlights: • Most (54%) of respondents in Beijing have positive WTP to renewable electricity. • The average WTP for renewable electricity ranges from 2.7 to 3.3 US$ monthly. • The main factors affecting the WTP include income, electricity consumption, bid and payment vehicle. • Deployment of renewable electricity can cause considerable benefit

  4. Estimation of Ecological Compensation Standards for Fallow Heavy Metal-Polluted Farmland in China Based on Farmer Willingness to Accept

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    Xue Xie

    2017-10-01

    Full Text Available In the context of China’s trial fallow policy; the heavy metal pollution of farmland is addressed via field surveys in Hunan Province, where the fallow policy has been implemented, and in Jiangxi Province, where it has not been implemented. We measured and analyzed willingness to accept (WTA using the contingent valuation method (CVM. The conclusions of this study are as follows: (1 Farmer awareness of heavy metal pollution and pollution sources is higher in Jiangxi Province than in Hunan Province; (2 Ignoring the impact of other factors, the WTA of farmers is 902 (yuan /mu in Jiangxi Province and 902.26 (yuan /mu in Hunan Province. Considering the influence of the basic characteristics of the respondents using the parameter estimation method, the WTA of farmers is 839.34 (yuan/mu in Jiangxi Province and 934.39 (yuan/mu in Hunan Province. There is little difference in WTA between the two provinces, but both estimates are higher than the national compensation standards; (3 The factors that affect the WTA of farmers in Jiangxi Province are gender, education level, average annual income and per capita arable land. The factors that affect the WTA of farmers in Hunan Province are age, education level, family size, average annual income, per capita arable land area and farmer occupation; (4 At present, the means and methods of compensation for the implementation of the fallow policy are recognized by most farmers. The paper concludes with some policy suggestions based on above findings.

  5. Changes in soft tissue nasal widths associated with rapid maxillary expansion in prepubertal and postpubertal subjects.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Johnson, Bret M; McNamara, James A; Bandeen, Roger L; Baccetti, Tiziano

    2010-11-01

    To evaluate changes in the soft tissue width of the nose induced by rapid maxillary expansion (RME). Data on greater alar cartilage (GAC) and alar base (AB) widths were compared with a normative sample within the same age range. This prospective study consisted of an RME sample of 79 patients treated with an RME protocol. Mean age at the start of RME treatment was 13.5 years; average duration of treatment was 6.7 months. Patients were grouped into prepubertal and postpubertal groups based on their cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) stage. AB and GAC widths were determined at three separate time points. The normative sample consisted of 437 orthodontically untreated whites, aged 10-16 years. A repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine group differences. In addition, independent sample t-tests were used to compare posttreatment nasal width values vs the untreated normative sample. Increases in AB and GAC widths of the nose in the RME sample were less than 1.5 mm. No significant differences were noted in width changes between the prepubertal and postpubertal subgroups. Comparisons of T3 values showed that on average nasal width increases were greater in the RME group than in untreated norms by 1.7 mm for the GAC measure (statistically significant), and by less than 1 mm for the AB measure. RME has no significant clinical effects on the widths of the apical base and the greater alar cartilage of the nose; no differences were observed between the two maturational subgroups.

  6. Predictive Power and Value Relevance of Comprehensive Income Statement: an analysis of Brazilian companies listed on the BM&FBovespa

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    Marcello Angotti

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available The study aimed to analyze if the information about comprehensive income (CI and its individual components have predictive power to determine the Operating Cash Flow of the subsequent period (OCFt+1 at the Brazilian capital market companies. The research methodology has used financial data collected from Economatica® and CVM databases. The sample selection was performed considering the availability of variables: OCFt+1 and share prices. The period analyzed comprehended the years 2012-2014. It were used quantitative valuation techniques, establishing two moments of study: the first moment by testing the hypothesis that CI has greater predictive power than Net Income (NI for forecasting OCFt+1 (528 firms/years; and the second moment by testing the hypothesis that CI and its components have a value relevance at the Brazilian capital market (605 firms/years. The results suggest that the analysis of the consolidated CI individually would not be incremental for forecasting OCFt+1. However, an increase was observed in the predictive capacity for OCFt+1, with the inclusion of Other Comprehensive Income (OCI. Could not be verified, with aggregate disruption of the individual items of OCI, incremental capacity to determine the OCFt+1. It was observed that the Equity and NI have value relevance, but that is not confirmed to consolidated CI. Added to that, only the cash flow hedge was significant to explain the market value of the company, indicating there is informational benefit to stakeholders that employ the CI in their analysis.

  7. Determining Factors for Delisting of Companies Listed on BM&FBOVESPA

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    Patricia Maria Bortolon

    2015-08-01

    Full Text Available Traditionally, the capital market has attracted the interest of scholars and researchers, motivated to understand the process of going public and trading securities of companies on a stock exchange. In this research context, an aspect had been neglected, something which indi cates a gap in the body of knowledge about the capital market and corporate governance: delisting of companies. We aim to identify the determining factors for delisting companies from the Commodity & Futures Exchange BOVESPA (BM&FBOVESPA. Methodologically, this research has related a set of variables collected from secondary data available on the database of the Securities Commission of Brazil (CVM, BM&FBOVESPA, and Economatica. By analyzing 227 listing cancellations, between 2001 and 2012, the results indicate that de listing of companies from BM&FBOVESPA is determined by the following factors: (i greater concentration of ownership and control; (ii lower free float; (iii lower liquidity of shares; (iv greater availability of cash; and (v larger size. The fact that the controlling shareholder is a public or private company determines significant differences in the decision to delist. While in the first case cash availability is the most important factor, in the second liquidity is the main determining factor for delisting. From the academic viewpoint, this research extends the studies on delisting, still incipient in the Brazilian capital market context. For the capital market, identifying the characteristics of companies prone to cancel listing may prevent investors concerned about inherent risks at the time of acquiring shares by the controlling group interested in delisting.

  8. Parenchymal abnormalities associated with developmental venous anomalies

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    San Millan Ruiz, Diego; Gailloud, Philippe [Johns Hopkins Hospital, Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Baltimore, MD (United States); Delavelle, Jacqueline [Geneva University Hospital, Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Geneva (Switzerland); Yilmaz, Hasan; Ruefenacht, Daniel A. [Geneva University Hospital, Section of Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Geneva (Switzerland); Piovan, Enrico; Bertramello, Alberto; Pizzini, Francesca [Verona City Hospital, Service of Neuroradiology, Verona (Italy)

    2007-12-15

    To report a retrospective series of 84 cerebral developmental venous anomalies (DVAs), focusing on associated parenchymal abnormalities within the drainage territory of the DVA. DVAs were identified during routine diagnostic radiological work-up based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (60 cases), computed tomography (CT) (62 cases) or both (36 cases). Regional parenchymal modifications within the drainage territory of the DVA, such as cortical or subcortical atrophy, white matter density or signal alterations, dystrophic calcifications, presence of haemorrhage or a cavernous-like vascular malformation (CVM), were noted. A stenosis of the collecting vein of the DVA was also sought for. Brain abnormalities within the drainage territory of a DVA were encountered in 65.4% of the cases. Locoregional brain atrophy occurred in 29.7% of the cases, followed by white matter lesions in 28.3% of MRI investigations and 19.3% of CT investigations, CVMs in 13.3% of MRI investigations and dystrophic calcification in 9.6% of CT investigations. An intracranial haemorrhage possibly related to a DVA occurred in 2.4% cases, and a stenosis on the collecting vein was documented in 13.1% of cases. Parenchymal abnormalities were identified for all DVA sizes. Brain parenchymal abnormalities were associated with DVAs in close to two thirds of the cases evaluated. These abnormalities are thought to occur secondarily, likely during post-natal life, as a result of chronic venous hypertension. Outflow obstruction, progressive thickening of the walls of the DVA and their morphological organization into a venous convergence zone are thought to contribute to the development of venous hypertension in DVA. (orig.)

  9. Air quality assessment by contingent valuation in Ji'nan, China.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Yan; Zhang, Yi-Sheng

    2009-02-01

    Along with urbanization and environmental deterioration within China, many residents' desire for improved air quality has increased. To address this topic, this study focuses on the relationship between poor air quality and residents' willingness to pay for improved air quality in the city of Ji'nan. As a means of quantifying an individual's willingness to pay (WTP) for improved air quality, a contingent valuation method (CVM) was employed. A sample of 1500 residents was chosen, based on the stratified sampling method. The respondents' WTP was then elicited through a series of face-to-face interviews, conducted using a range of hypothetical, open-ended scenario questions. The results showed that 59.7% of respondents were able to express a positive WTP, and that the average WTP was 100 Chinese Yuan (CNY) per person, per year. In order to establish the relationship between endogenous variables and WTP, both a Probit model on the probability of a positive WTP, and a stepwise regression model were constructed. Most parameters in the econometric analysis demonstrated the expected results. It was found that annual household income, expenditure on the treatment of respiratory diseases and workers in the family significantly influenced WTP. The rates of positive WTP and the monetary amount were also larger for men than for women. Unlike developed countries, most respondents regard air quality improvement as a government responsibility in that more than 40% of respondents had no incentive to bear the costs of attempting to achieve better air quality, indicating a relatively low environmental consciousness.

  10. Rupture Propagation through the Big Bend of the San Andreas Fault: A Dynamic Modeling Case Study of the Great Earthquake of 1857

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lozos, J.

    2017-12-01

    The great San Andreas Fault (SAF) earthquake of 9 January 1857, estimated at M7.9, was one of California's largest historic earthquakes. Its 360 km rupture trace follows the Carrizo and Mojave segments of the SAF, including the 30° compressional Big Bend in the fault. If 1857 were a characteristic rupture, the hazard implications for southern California would be dire, especially given the inferred 150 year recurrence interval for this section of the fault. However, recent paleoseismic studies in this region suggest that 1857-type events occur less frequently than single-segment Carrizo or Mojave ruptures, and that the hinge of the Big Bend is a barrier to through-going rupture. Here, I use 3D dynamic rupture modeling to attempt to reproduce the rupture length and surface slip distribution of the 1857 earthquake, to determine which physical conditions allow rupture to negotiate the Big Bend of the SAF. These models incorporate the nonplanar geometry of the SAF, an observation-based heterogeneous regional velocity structure (SCEC CVM), and a regional stress field from seismicity literature. Under regional stress conditions, I am unable to produce model events that both match the observed surface slip on the Carrizo and Mojave segments of the SAF and include rupture through the hinge of the Big Bend. I suggest that accumulated stresses at the bend hinge from multiple smaller Carrizo or Mojave ruptures may be required to allow rupture through the bend — a concept consistent with paleoseismic observations. This study may contribute to understanding the cyclicity of hazard associated with the southern-central SAF.

  11. Valuation of ecological resources

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Scott, M.J.; Bilyard, G.R.; Link, S.O.; Ricci, P.F.; Seely, H.E.; Ulibarri, C.A.; Westerdahl, H.E.

    1995-04-01

    Ecological resources are resources that have functional value to ecosystems. Frequently, these functions are overlooked in terms of the value they provide to humans. Environmental economics is in search of an appropriate analysis framework for such resources. In such a framework, it is essential to distinguish between two related subsets of information: (1) ecological processes that have intrinsic value to natural ecosystems; and (2) ecological functions that are values by humans. The present study addresses these concerns by identifying a habitat that is being displaced by development, and by measuring the human and ecological values associated with the ecological resources in that habitat. It is also essential to determine which functions are mutually exclusive and which are, in effect, complementary or products of joint production. The authors apply several resource valuation tools, including contingent valuation methodology (CVM), travel cost methodology (TCM), and hedonic damage-pricing (HDP). One way to derive upper-limit values for more difficult-to-value functions is through the use of human analogs, because human-engineered systems are relatively inefficient at supplying the desired services when compared with natural systems. Where data on the relative efficiencies of natural systems and human analogs exist, it is possible to adjust the costs of providing the human analog by the relative efficiency of the natural system to obtain a more realistic value of the function under consideration. The authors demonstrate this approach in an environmental economic case study of the environmental services rendered by shrub-steppe habitats of Benton County, Washington State.

  12. Employee Stock Options plans, Growth Opportunities and Development: data from BM&FBovespa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Renata Tamirez Ramalho

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available This paper aims to analyze how Growth Opportunities can influence the relationship between Employee Stock Options Plans (ESOP and company development. The theoretical line of this study comes from the search to mitigate agency conflicts, thus mechanisms are necessary for the alignment of interests between organization managers (agents and stockholders (principal, in order to guarantee company valuation. This article replies to and extends studies by Perobelli, Lopes and Silveira (2012 and Hutchinson and Gul (2006. Given this paper’s aim, the work method analyzes companies which had their stocks negotiated on at least 90% of the days when there was trading on the stock market exchange. The sample comprises 115 companies, between 2012 and 2014. The data were extracted from the Reference Forms (FR, available in CVM, and from the database Com Dinheiro. To estimate the models, panel data analysis method was used. Research hypothesis 1, in which companies use ESOP with a view to maximizing their development, was refuted. The tests showed that whether or not ESOP is used alone wealth is not generated for the stockholder, but quality in plan structuring, that is, when there is a distance between the exercise price and the stock price on the grant date (out-of-money stocks. Research hypothesis 2, which affirms that the effect of the presence of ESOP is influenced by Growth Opportunities, was accepted. Consistent data were found that performance calculated according to stock returns are positively influenced by Growth Opportunities. Further, the presence of ESOP, its Quality (QESOP and Corporate Management (GC expand amplify this effect.

  13. Riverine based eco-tourism: Trinity River non-market benefits estimates

    Science.gov (United States)

    Douglas, A.J.; Taylor, J.G.

    1998-01-01

    California's Central Valley Project (CVP) was approved by voters in a statewide referendum in 1933. CVP referendum approval initiated funding for construction of important water development projects that had far reaching effects on regional water supplies. The construction of Trinity Dam in 1963 and the subsequent transbasin diversion of Trinity River flow was one of several CVP projects that had noteworthy adverse environmental and regional economic impacts. The Trinity River is the largest tributary of the Klamath River, and has its headwaters in the Trinity Alps of north-central California. After the construction of Trinity Dam in 1963, 90% of the Trinity River flow at Lewiston was moved to the Sacramento River via the Clear Creek Tunnel. Before 1963, the Trinity River was a major recreation resource of Northern California. The loss of streamflow has had a marked adverse impact on Trinity River-related recreation activities and the size and robustness of Trinity River salmon, steelhead, shad, and sturgeon runs. Trinity River water produces hydropower during its transit via Bureau of Reclamation canals and pumps to the northern San Joaquin Valley, where it is used for irrigated agriculture. The benefits provided by Trinity River instream flow-related environmental amenities were estimated with the travel cost method (TCM). Trinity River non-market benefits are about $406 million per annum, while the social cost of sending water down the Trinity River ranges from $17 to $42 million per annum, depending on the exact flow. We also discuss the relative magnitude of Trinity River survey data contingent value method (CVM) benefits estimates.

  14. Causes of endogenous uveitis in cats presented to referral clinics in North Carolina.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jinks, Maggie R; English, Robert V; Gilger, Brian C

    2016-07-01

    To investigate the causes of endogenous uveitis in cats presenting to referral ophthalmology clinics in North Carolina. Medical records of cats diagnosed with endogenous uveitis at North Carolina State University's College of Veterinary Medicine (NCSU-CVM) or Animal Eye Care Associates of Cary, NC between 2003 and 2015 were reviewed. Inclusion criteria were cats that had complete diagnostic workups, including clinical, clinicopathological, serological, and histopathological data, as well as imaging modalities. Serology was consistently completed for feline leukemia virus (FeLV), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), feline coronavirus (FCoV), Toxoplasma gondii, and Bartonella spp. One hundred and twenty cats met the inclusion criteria. Seroprevalence of FeLV (2.7%), FIV (7.3%), FCoV (34.7%), T. gondii (23.7%), and Bartonella spp. (43.2%) was observed, with a combined seroprevalence of 59.2%. Nineteen cats (15.8%) were diagnosed with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) based on clinical, hematological, serological, histopathological, and necropsy findings. The average age of all cases was 7.62 years, while the average age of cats diagnosed with FIP was 1.82 years. Neoplasia was diagnosed in six cats (5.0%). No underlying etiology was found in 49 cats (40.8%). Both idiopathic and neoplastic causes of uveitis were less prevalent than previously reported in studies, while seropositivity was higher than previously reported for the study area. This may be due to improved diagnostic capabilities or that cats with infectious disease were more likely to be referred. Because of the high prevalence of FIP, young cats with uveitis should be evaluated for hyperglobulinemia and FCoV serology should be performed as minimal diagnostics. © 2015 American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists.

  15. Detection of haplotypes associated with prenatal death in dairy cattle and identification of deleterious mutations in GART, SHBG and SLC37A2.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fritz, Sébastien; Capitan, Aurelien; Djari, Anis; Rodriguez, Sabrina C; Barbat, Anne; Baur, Aurélia; Grohs, Cécile; Weiss, Bernard; Boussaha, Mekki; Esquerré, Diane; Klopp, Christophe; Rocha, Dominique; Boichard, Didier

    2013-01-01

    The regular decrease of female fertility over time is a major concern in modern dairy cattle industry. Only half of this decrease is explained by indirect response to selection on milk production, suggesting the existence of other factors such as embryonic lethal genetic defects. Genomic regions harboring recessive deleterious mutations were detected in three dairy cattle breeds by identifying frequent haplotypes (>1%) showing a deficit in homozygotes among Illumina Bovine 50k Beadchip haplotyping data from the French genomic selection database (47,878 Holstein, 16,833 Montbéliarde, and 11,466 Normande animals). Thirty-four candidate haplotypes (pHH3 in Holstein breed were identified. Haplotype length varied from 1 to 4.8 Mb and frequencies from 1.7 up to 9%. A significant negative effect on calving rate, consistent in heifers and in lactating cows, was observed for 9 of these haplotypes in matings between carrier bulls and daughters of carrier sires, confirming their association with embryonic lethal mutations. Eight regions were further investigated using whole genome sequencing data from heterozygous bull carriers and control animals (45 animals in total). Six strong candidate causative mutations including polymorphisms previously reported in FANCI (Brachyspina), SLC35A3 (CVM), APAF1 (HH1) and three novel mutations with very damaging effect on the protein structure, according to SIFT and Polyphen-2, were detected in GART, SHBG and SLC37A2 genes. In conclusion, this study reveals a yet hidden consequence of the important inbreeding rate observed in intensively selected and specialized cattle breeds. Counter-selection of these mutations and management of matings will have positive consequences on female fertility in dairy cattle.

  16. Evidenciação da remuneração variável dos executivos nas maiores empresas brasileiras listadas na BM&FBovespa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ilse Maria Beuren

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Este estudo objetiva verificar a evolução da evidenciação da remuneração variável dos executivos nas demonstrações financeiras das maiores empresas brasileiras de capital aberto. Estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa foi realizado por meio de análise de conteúdo para identificar a evidenciação da remuneração variável dos executivos nos relatórios da administração, notas explicativas, informações anuais e formulário de referência dos anos de 2008 até 2010. Consideraram-se como referência cinco categorias de análise, que foram elaboradas com base no Código das Melhores Práticas de Governança Corporativa do IBGC e na sessão 13 do anexo 24 (Formulário de Referência da Instrução CVM nº 480/09. Os resultados demonstram que as empresas pesquisadas divulgaram em 2008 aspectos superficiais dos planos de remuneração variável, ou seja, evidenciaram informações relativas aos valores da remuneração variável dos executivos pelo seu montante total, sem detalhes. Após a obrigatoriedade da divulgação do formulário de referência, observou-se um aumento no nível de informações divulgadas pelas empresas pesquisadas. Conclui-se que expostas a mais regras, as empresas tiveram em 2009 e 2010 aumento das informações evidenciadas sobre a remuneração variável dos executivos, primordialmente nos formulários de referência.

  17. Analysis of residents' willingness to pay to reduce air pollution to improve children's health in community and hospital settings in Shanghai, China.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Keran; Wu, Jinyi; Wang, Rui; Yang, Yingying; Chen, Renjie; Maddock, Jay E; Lu, Yuanan

    2015-11-15

    Shanghai, along with many major cities in China, faces deterioration of air quality and increases in air pollution-related respiratory diseases (RDs) in children due to rapid industrialization and urbanization. The Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) was used to qualitatively and quantitatively measure the willingness to pay (WTP) for reducing children's RDs through air quality improvement. Between April and May, 2014, 975 face-to-face interviews were collected from parents in a community-based and a hospital-setting in Shanghai. Multiple imputation and the Probit model were used to determine the relationship between the WTP and the related environmental factors, child health factors and the socio-economic status. Most respondents reported being willing to make a financial contribution to improve air quality in both the community (52.6%) and hospital (70.2%) samples. Those in the hospital setting were willing to pay significantly more ¥504 (USD$80.7) compared to the community sample ¥428 ($68.5) as expected. Reasons for those not being willing to pay included lack of disposable income and believing that responsibility of the air quality was a community issue. These did not differ by sample. Annual household income and education were related to WTP. This study indicated that parents in Shanghai would be willing to pay for improved air quality. Children's health can be the incentive for the citizens' participation and support in the air quality improvement, therefore, hospital settings may present unique places to improve education about air quality and enhance advocacy efforts. This study also suggested that future environmental policies be addressed more rigorously for targeted populations. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  18. PRICING STRATEGY FOR QUASI-PUBLIC FOREST TOURISM PARK Case Study in Gunung Pancar Forest Tourism Park, Bogor Indonesia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ricky Avenzora

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available The dynamic of 3-parties conflict of interests (investor, local people and government in having actual income from the nature tourism park business in Indonesia became worse since a “very  progressive” Government Regulation on Forestry Related Services Tariff (so called PP 12/2014 was issued.  On one hand, everybody agrees to improve the 17 years old tariff regulation of PP 59/1998. On the other hand, the “unclear reason” of the new tariffs in PP 12/2014 has shocked many parties and created many difficulties while implemented. This paper studies visitors’ expenditures and their willingness to pay (WTP for every recreation services scenario by using contingent valuation method (CVM survey with open-ended eliciting questionnaire instrument. Regarding the characteristic of Gunung Pancar Forest Tourism Park (GPFTP the method was used to justify a reasonable and eligible ticket pricing strategy at the GPFTP as a quasi-public recreation park. The survey has also specifically addressed the reasonable ticket-price that aligns with the financial assumption of investor's business plan and local people's economic activities. Results of the survey  show that the continuum of visitors’ WTP is ranging from 3.4 times (as the response to scenario-1 up to 12.7 times (as the response to scenario-5 of the recent ticket price. The WTP of scenario-2, 3 and 4 are ranging from 4.7, 6.2 and 7.5 times, respectively. Furthermore, the results of Tobit Regression Analysis show that seven important variables are positively correlated, while six variables are negatively correlated with the WTP.

  19. Cervical vertebral maturation of children with orofacial clefts.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sun, Ling; Li, Wei Ran

    2012-11-01

    To evaluate the skeletal maturation of male children with orofacial clefts using the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method. Case-control study. The School of Stomatology, Peking University. Subjects were 443 boys with cleft lip and/or cleft palate (CL/P) aged 8 to 16 years who were compared with 1772 boys without clefts in an age-matched control group. The 8- to 10-year-old boys of both groups were in CS1. Most of the 11- to 14-year-old boys without CL/P were in CS3 and CS4, though it was not so obvious in boys with CL/P. Most 15- to 16-year-old boys without CL/P were in CS5 and CS6, while there were a lot of boys with CL/P who were still in cervical stages before CS5. Clefts had a significant effect on growth, and boys without CL/P were 1.737 times more likely to have achieved higher cervical stages. From Mann-Whitney test of every age phase, the difference existed in each year of the age range of 11 to 16 years, except from 12 to 13 years (p  =  .100). In these age phases, the cervical stages of boys with CL/P were lower than those for boys without CL/P. By the age of 14, children with CL/P had a 4.679 times higher risk of delayed CS3, and the 95% confidence interval for the odds ratio was 2.129 to 10.286. Boys with CL/P are at a higher risk of delayed growth period and retarded pubertal growth peak.

  20. Aspectos Comportamentais no Julgamento Profissional dos Auditores Independentes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Emerson Firmino

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Alguns estudos evidenciam que a adoção das International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS proporcionou melhorias na qualidade das informações contábeis. Mas, o conjunto de Procedimentos descritos nas IFRSs é fortemente afetado pelo julgamento profissional dos contadores. O mesmo fato ocorre com o auditor, que deve avaliar se a aplicação das normas resulta em fair presentation. Esse julgamento dependerá da interpretação do auditor sobre o nível de probabilidade associada a determinadas expressões presentes no texto das normas contábeis. Alguns autores evidenciam que existem diferenças significativas na interpretação das expressões verbais de probabilidade entre os auditores e que aspectos comportamentais estão influenciando a emissão do parecer de auditoria. Diante desse cenário, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar como se comportam os auditores no julgamento de situações subjetivas, inseridos em um cenário pessimista ou otimista, no momento da avaliação dos critérios de reconhecimento e/ou mensuração, quando da execução dos trabalhos da auditoria. A amostra desta pesquisa é composta por 258 auditores independentes com registro de responsáveis técnicos junto à Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (CVM. Os resultados obtidos, por intermédio da análise das respostas dos auditores para situações subjetivas, sugerem que o julgamento do auditor em situações de subjetividade é influenciado por aspectos comportamentais, sendo que eles podem apresentar opiniões distintas em seus relatórios.

  1. Tracer diffusion in an ordered alloy: application of the path probability and Monte Carlo methods

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sato, Hiroshi; Akbar, S.A.; Murch, G.E.

    1984-01-01

    Tracer diffusion technique has been extensively utilized to investigate diffusion phenomena and has contributed a great deal to the understanding of the phenomena. However, except for self diffusion and impurity diffusion, the meaning of tracer diffusion is not yet satisfactorily understood. Here we try to extend the understanding to concentrated alloys. Our major interest here is directed towards understanding the physical factors which control diffusion through the comparison of results obtained by the Path Probability Method (PPM) and those by the Monte Carlo simulation method (MCSM). Both the PPM and the MCSM are basically in the same category of statistical mechanical approaches applicable to random processes. The advantage of the Path Probability method in dealing with phenomena which occur in crystalline systems has been well established. However, the approximations which are inevitably introduced to make the analytical treatment tractable, although their meaning may be well-established in equilibrium statistical mechanics, sometimes introduce unwarranted consequences the origin of which is often hard to trace. On the other hand, the MCSM which can be carried out in a parallel fashion to the PPM provides, with care, numerically exact results. Thus a side-by-side comparison can give insight into the effect of approximations in the PPM. It was found that in the pair approximation of the CVM, the distribution in the completely random state is regarded as homogeneous (without fluctuations), and hence, the fluctuation in distribution is not well represented in the PPM. These examples thus show clearly how the comparison of analytical results with carefully carried out calculations by the MCSM guides the progress of theoretical treatments and gives insights into the mechanism of diffusion

  2. Craniofacial morphology of children with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate following labioplasty and palatoplasty

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sigit Handoko Utomo

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available Background: A complete unilateral cleft lip and palate generally results in asymmetry of the midface. The lack of continuity in the perilabial musculature through the midline contributes to a malpositioning of the underlying osseus structures which are often underdeveloped. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are differences in the craniofacial morphology among children with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate following labioplasty and palatoplasty as compared with children without cleft lip and palate at the same pubertal age. Methods: A series of 14 consecutively treated subjects with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate following labioplasty and palatoplasty were compared with 14 pubertal stage-matched controls with normal craniofacial structure. Pubertal stage was determined with cervical vertebral maturation (CVM method improved by Baccetti et al, 2002. Lateral cephalograms were used for comparison. An unpaired t-test was run for 14 subjects with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate and 14 normal subjects. Results: There were significant cephalometric differences in anterior cranial base length (p = .002, cranial base length (p = .001, maxillary length (p = .000, mandibular length (p = .000, mandibular ramus height (p = .000, mandibular body length (p = .002, and upper anterior face height (p = .004. There was no significant cephalometric difference in posterior cranial base length (p = .051, lower anterior face height (p = .206, posterior face height (p = .865, growth pattern/ facial type (p = .202. Conclusion: There were craniofacial morphology differences between children with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate post labioplasty and palatoplasty and children without cleft lip and palate at the age of pubertal. Children with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate post labioplasty and palatoplasty had shorter length of the anterior cranial base, cranial base, maxilla, mandible, mandibular

  3. An evaluation of willingness to pay for orthodontic treatments in patients of Shiraz Dental School Clinic

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vahid Moshkelgosha DDS, MSc 1

    2013-04-01

    Full Text Available BACKGROUND AND AIM:Estimation of need and demand for orthodontic treatment is important for both healthprofessionals and health policymakers. Need assessment is traditionally done using experts’ opinions;however, patient-centered evaluation can provide a bigger picture ofpatient’s esthetic and psychological needs. The willingness to pay(WTP technique is a potentially valid tool for assessing the patient views on their needs and for market research inhealthcare.The aim of this study was to evaluate the need anddemand for orthodontic treatment with a patient-centeredapproach using economic analysis.METHODS:A cross-sectional study was designed. Two hundred people attending Shiraz Dental School Clinic wereinterviewed. Their views on the importance and costs of orthodontic treatments and the maximum amountthat theywould pay for such treatments were obtained along with their demographic and socioeconomic factors. Their WTP wasused to elicit values for orthodontic treatment using contingent valuation method (CVM and econometric techniques.RESULTS:The response rate was 95%. Although 53.5% of respondents felt they needed orthodontic treatment, only33.7% had expressed their need, and just 17.5% hadactually gone for such treatment. The main reason for not takingthe treatment was its cost (56.5%. More than 60% of respondents viewed orthodontics as only a luxurytreatment and70% considered beauty and elegant smile as the most, or one of the most, benefit(s of orthodontic treatments. WTPresults showed that orthodontic services have highdemand elasticity. Assuming fixed monthly income of8 millionRials, 61% of subjects were ready to pay 20 millionRials for a course of orthodontic treatment.CONCLUSIONS:The result showed that esthetics and high cost of treatment were respectively the most intriguing andthemain inhibiting factors for getting orthodontic treatment. Economic evaluation showed a high elastic estimation fororthodontic treatment.

  4. Evidenciação da Contabilidade Ambiental: uma análise da transparência das demonstrações contábeis de empresas nacionais do setor siderúrgico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luiz Felipe Ferreira

    2006-11-01

    Full Text Available Com a necessidade de apresentar maior transparência na evidenciação dos problemas relacionados ao meio ambiente, surgiu o conceito de Contabilidade Ambiental, que se apresenta como elo entre as empresas, a sociedade e o meio ambiente. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo identificar o uso da Contabilidade como forma de transparência, na divulgação de elementos ambientais, das maiores empresas nacionais do setor siderúrgico, quanto a critérios vinculados à gestão ambiental. Foram pesquisadas cinco empresas do setor (Gerdau, CSN, CST, Usiminas e Cosipa. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como exploratória, com abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa. A amostra foi coletada através de análise das demonstrações contábeis, do balanço social, do sistema de gestão ambiental e de informações divulgadas pela CVM e Bovespa. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que existe nas siderurgias uma preocupação com o meio ambiente, através de suas ações, implementações e da evidenciação desses aspectos nas demonstrações financeiras. Os elementos analisados foram classificados como informações deficitárias, informaç:ões transparentes e informações indisponíveis. Foi constatado que a divulgação das informações ambientais das empresas pesquisadas, é feita através do relatório da administração, dos sites próprios, e de relatório ambiental específico, com ênfase principalmente para aspectos qualitativos. A pesquisa demonstrou que das cinco companhias analisadas apenas duas (CSN e CST incorporaram às suas demonstrações financeiras o uso do relatório como meio de divulgação das informações ambientais.

  5. Assessing the Total Economic Value of Improving Water Quality to Inform Water Resources Management: Evidence and Challenges from Southeast Asia

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jalilov, S.; Fukushi, K.

    2016-12-01

    Population growth, high rates of economic development and rapid urbanization in the developing countries of Southeast Asia (SEA) have resulted in degradation and depletion of natural resources, including water resources and related ecosystem services. Many urban rivers in the region are highly polluted with domestic, industrial and agricultural wastes. Policymakers are often aware of the direct value of water resources for domestic and industrial consumption, but they often underestimate the indirect value of these functions, since they are not exchanged in the market and do not appear in national income accounts. Underestimation of pollution and over-exploitation of water resources result in a loss of these benefits and have adverse impacts on nearby residents, threatening the long-term sustainable development of natural resources in the region. Behind these constraints lies a lack of knowledge (ignorance) from governments that a clean water environment could bring significant economic benefits. This study has been initiated to tackle this issue and to foster a more rational approach for sustainable urban development in Metro Manila in the Philippines. We applied a Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) based on Computer-Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI) technique. Results show that users are willing to pay up to PHP 102.42 (2.18) monthly to improve quality of urban waterbodies whereas nonusers are willing to pay up to PHP 366.53 (7.80) as one-time payment towards water quality improvement. The estimated monetary value of water quality improvements would be a useful variable in cost-benefit analyses of various water quality-related policies, in both public and private sectors in Metro Manila. This survey design could serve as a useful template for similar water quality studies in other SEA countries.

  6. COMUNICACIÓN DE LOS RESULTADOS DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN OBSERVACIONAL: ANÁLISIS MEDIANTE LA GUÍA STROBE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jordi Galera Llorca

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Fundamento: En la publicación de la investigación biomédica se detectan deficiencias que han llevado a la aparición de guías cuyo seguimiento mejora la calidad de la comunicación. El objetivo del estudio es analizar el cumplimiento de los criterios de la Iniciativa Strobe para la publicación de estudios observacionales. Métodos: Análisis descriptivo transversal de los estudios observacionales de las áreas Cardiovascular y Metabolismo (CVM publicados en 6 revistas españolas a lo largo de 2009 mediante la aplicación de los 34 puntos de la Iniciativa STROBE. Se describieron las frecuencias de las variables cualitativas y los estimadores muestrales y de dispersión de las variables cuantitativas. El análisis comparativo entre revistas se realizó mediante el test ANOVA (p<0,05. Resultados: En 2009 se publicaron 74 estudios observacionales en las revistas evaluadas. Los más frecuentes fueron estudios de cohortes 45 (60,8% y transversales 28 (37,8%. En cuanto al objetivo principal, la mayoría fueron sobre patología 55 (74,3%, seguidos de fármacos e intervenciones no farmacológicas 15 (20,3% y diagnóstico 4 (5,4%. La media de criterios cumplidos fue de 20 sobre 34 (DE±3,7, con un máximo de 24 (DE±2 en Gaceta Sanitaria y un mínimo de 19 (DE±2,8 en Hipertensión. Conclusiones: Solo algo más de la mitad de los artículos cumplían las recomendaciones de la Iniciativa STROBE. Los apartados de Resultados y Métodos fueron los que mostraron más carencias.

  7. O Impacto da Governança Corporativa: Conselho de Administração, Estrutura de Propriedade e Controle e as Informações Socioambientais nas Companhias Abertas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Thamirys de Sousa Correia

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available O estudo teve por objetivo analisar o impacto da Governança Corporativa (representada pelo Conselho de Administração e Estrutura de Propriedade e Controle no disclosure voluntário das Informações Socioambientais das companhias de capital aberto no mercado brasileiro. Quanto a metodologia, a amostra foi composta por 204 empresas listadas na Bolsa de Mercadorias & Futuros e Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo no período de 2010 a 2015, onde os dados foram coletados por meio dos formulários de referência divulgado pelas companhias, sites das próprias companhias, site da Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (CVM e banco de dados da Economática®. Com isso, nos resultados analisados por meio da Regressão Logística Binária, foram identificadas que, apenas 47% das empresas selecionadas divulgaram as Informações Socioambientais. Ao passo que, tanto a independência do conselho, quanto a não dualidade do profissional que atua como CEO e presidente do Conselho de Administração, são aspectos imprescindíveis da Governança Corporativa para que haja divulgação de Informações Socioambientais das companhias abertas. Todavia, na variável Participação do Controlador, apesar de serem verificadas significância estatísticas, foram observadas relações negativa, sendo a possível justificativa o fato de que a adoção obrigatória das IFRS para as empresas abertas em 2010, no Brasil, pode ter impactado na disponibilização de Informações Socioambientais mesmo que os controladores das organizações selecionadas possuíssem mais que 50% das ações com direito ao voto.

  8. Validity of the assessment method of skeletal maturation by cervical vertebrae: a systematic review and meta-analysis

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bittencourt, M A V; Paranhos, L R

    2015-01-01

    Objectives: To perform a systematic review with meta-analysis to answer the question: is the cervical vertebrae maturation index (CVMI) effective to replace hand–wrist radiograph (gold standard) in determining the pubertal growth spurt in patients undergoing bone growth? Methods: A search in three databases was performed, in which studies were selected that compared one of the two main assessment methods for cervical vertebrae (Hassel B, Farman AG. Skeletal maturation evaluation using cervical vertebrae. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1995; 107: 58–66, or Baccetti T, Franchi L, McNamara JA Jr. An improved version of the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method for the assessment of mandibular growth. Angle Orthod 2002; 72: 316–23) to a carpal assessment method. The main methodological data from each of the texts were collected and tabulated after. Later, the meta-analysis of the correlation coefficients obtained was performed. Results: 19 articles were selected from an initial 206 articles collected. Regardless of the method used, the results of the meta-analysis showed that every article selected presented a positive correlation between skeletal maturation assessment performed by cervical vertebrae and carpal methods, with discrepancy of values between genders indicating higher correlation for the female gender (0.925; 0.878) than for the male (0.879; 0.842). When the assessment was performed without gender separation, correlation was significant (0.592; 0.688) but lower in the cases when genders were separated. Conclusions: With the results of this meta-analysis, it is safe to affirm that both CVMIs used in the present study are reliable to replace the hand–wrist radiograph in predicting the pubertal growth spurt, considering that the highest values were found in female samples, especially in the method by Hassel and Farman. PMID:25521202

  9. A Visão da Academia e do Mercado de Trabalho sobre o Ensino da Auditoria

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jhonatan Hoff

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar a percepção do ensino de auditoria sob o enfoque da academia e do mercado de trabalho, com base na avaliação da importância dada por profissionais e docentes aos principais aspectos conceituais e normativos da área de auditoria. Para alcançar o objetivo proposto, coletou-se a percepção dos docentes responsáveis pela disciplina de auditoria e dos auditores atuantes no mercado de trabalho por meio de um questionário estruturado na forma de uma escala Likert. A amostra da pesquisa compreendeu todas as universidades federais e estaduais que possuem e curso de Ciências Contábeis e todas as empresas de auditoria cadastradas no banco de dados da Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (CVM. As respostas obtidas foram tratadas por meio dos testes não paramétricos de Mann-Whitney e a Correlação de Spearman. Os resultados demonstram, que em, aproximadamente, 75% dos assuntos levantados neste trabalho, a academia tende a corresponder à expectativa que o mercado possui acerca da importância dada a tais conteúdos dentro da disciplina de auditoria. As principais diferenças encontradas dizem respeito a assuntos relacionados ao Assurance Service, Auditoria de Entidades sem Fins Lucrativos, Auditoria de Órgãos Governamentais, Controle de Qualidade e Auditoria de Sistemas de Informação, os quais não recebem a ênfase dentro da academia, de acordo com a perspectiva do mercado. Os resultados aqui apresentados podem ser utilizados para que os professores avaliem a disposição dos conteúdos abordados dentro da disciplina, considerando a relevância atribuída pelo mercado.

  10. Prototype production of the scintigram viewer (SVO-1)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Oyamada, Hiyoshimaru

    1975-01-01

    ''Scintigram Viewer'', SVO-1, is designed for reading the scintigram films by enhancing contrast of the pictures. This is composed of a light source, AKAI CVC-150 TV camera (with a zoom lens, Fujinon TV.Z, f:2), AKAI VCS-150 camera control unit and color TV(Sony, Trinitron CVM-1840). The light source is set in a box which has a side-window where the scintigram film is set. The light coming through the film is caught by TV camera where red and blue light are separated, leaving green light not affected. These lights are then sent to AKAI VCS-150 where the gains for red and blue can be adjusted to desirable color as the operator likes for display. After these manual processings, the scintigram film is shown on the color TV. The contrast enhancement can be done by adjusting either picture control on the TV panel or diaphragm of TV camera/or both, and the defocusing can be easily done by changing the focus of the lens. Because the TV camera has a zoom lens as mentioned above, either whole picture or enlarged picture of one area on the film can be displayed. Initially, the author designed this machine to find out cold areas which were easily overlooked by the ordinary manner on the original films. However, after examining many scintigram films by this technique it was found that the search for the hot areas was more suitable with this machine and the whole body bone scintigram was the best so far. For example, the metastatic bone lesion which is not definite on the original sicntigram by nacked eyes can be easily pointed out on the color TV after the abovementioned processings. Now, this machine is working very well and is an important accessory for our daily work. (auth.)

  11. Validity of the assessment method of skeletal maturation by cervical vertebrae: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cericato, G O; Bittencourt, M A V; Paranhos, L R

    2015-01-01

    To perform a systematic review with meta-analysis to answer the question: is the cervical vertebrae maturation index (CVMI) effective to replace hand-wrist radiograph (gold standard) in determining the pubertal growth spurt in patients undergoing bone growth? A search in three databases was performed, in which studies were selected that compared one of the two main assessment methods for cervical vertebrae (Hassel B, Farman AG. Skeletal maturation evaluation using cervical vertebrae. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1995; 107: 58-66, or Baccetti T, Franchi L, McNamara JA Jr. An improved version of the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method for the assessment of mandibular growth. Angle Orthod 2002; 72: 316-23) to a carpal assessment method. The main methodological data from each of the texts were collected and tabulated after. Later, the meta-analysis of the correlation coefficients obtained was performed. 19 articles were selected from an initial 206 articles collected. Regardless of the method used, the results of the meta-analysis showed that every article selected presented a positive correlation between skeletal maturation assessment performed by cervical vertebrae and carpal methods, with discrepancy of values between genders indicating higher correlation for the female gender (0.925; 0.878) than for the male (0.879; 0.842). When the assessment was performed without gender separation, correlation was significant (0.592; 0.688) but lower in the cases when genders were separated. With the results of this meta-analysis, it is safe to affirm that both CVMIs used in the present study are reliable to replace the hand-wrist radiograph in predicting the pubertal growth spurt, considering that the highest values were found in female samples, especially in the method by Hassel and Farman.

  12. The measurement of willingness to pay for mass cancer screening with whole-body PET (positron emission tomography)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yasunaga, Hideo; Ide, Hiroo; Imamura, Tomoaki; Ohe, Kazuhiko

    2006-01-01

    Recently, we have seen an increase in the number of studies that measured the willingness to pay (WTP) for medical services using the contingent valuation method (CVM) and evaluated the benefits of these services. This study aimed to measure the general public's WTP for cancer screening with positron emission tomography (PET) and to determine consumer characteristics that may affect their WTP. A questionnaire survey of males and females living in Japan aged between 40 and 59 years was conducted via the Internet. A total of 274 individuals accepted the offer to participate and were enrolled in the study. The study participants were divided into two groups: Group A (n=138) and Group B (n=136). Group A was provided only with information about the PET procedure and the high cancer detection rate; Group B was provided with additional information regarding the possibility of ''false negative'' and false positive'' results and the fact that the efficacy of PET screening for reducing mortality has not yet been demonstrated. Participants were then asked to answer their WTP for cancer screening with PET by payment cards approach. The overall average amount consumers were willing to pay for PET cancer screening was $103.7 (n=274). The average value in Group A was $107.3, the average value in Group B was $100.0 and there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. The results of categorical regression analysis showed that household annual income was the only significant factor affecting WTP. Our study showed that household annual income affected the WTP for cancer screening with PET and therefore the demand for PET screening would be limited to the high-income group. Negative information about PET did not reduce the WTP. This finding suggests that test subjects mainly evaluated the high detection rate of PET screening and the reassurance'' value of receiving negative screening results. (author)

  13. Monetizing the social benefits of landfill mining: Evidence from a Contingent Valuation survey in a rural area in Greece.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Damigos, Dimitris; Menegaki, Maria; Kaliampakos, Dimitris

    2016-05-01

    Despite the emerging global attention towards promoting waste management policies that reduce environmental impacts and conserve natural resources, landfilling still remains the dominant waste management practice in many parts of the world. Owing to this situation, environmental burdens are bequeathed to and large amounts of potentially valuable materials are lost for future generations. As a means to undo these adverse effects a process known as landfill mining (LFM) could be implemented provided that economic feasibility is ensured. So far, only a few studies have focused on the economic feasibility of LFM from a private point of view and even less studies have attempted to economically justify the need for LMF projects from a social point of view. This paper, aiming to add to the limited literature in the field, presents the results of a survey conducted in a rural district in Greece, by means of the Contingent Valuation method (CVM) in order to estimate society's willingness to pay for LFM programs. According to the empirical survey, more than 95% of the respondents recognize the need for LFM programs. Nevertheless, only one-fourth of the respondents are willing to pay through increased taxes for LFM, owing mainly to economic depression and unemployment. Those who accept the increased tax are willing to pay about €50 per household per year, on average, which results in a mean willingness to pay (WTP) for the entire population under investigation of around €12 per household per year. The findings of this research work provide useful insights about the 'dollar-based' benefits of LFM in the context of social cost-benefit analysis of LFM projects. Yet, it is evident that further research is necessary. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  14. Morfometría de las especies de Vieja (Cichlidae en ríos de la cuenca del Usumacinta, Chiapas, México Morphometry of Vieja species (Cichlidae in rivers of Usumacinta's basin, Chiapas, Mexico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miriam Soria-Barreto

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available Se evaluaron y compararon diversas características morfológicas de 6 especies de Vieja Fernández-Yépez, 1969 del río Usumacinta. Se emplearon 20 organismos adultos por especie y 33 medidas corporales que fueron estandarizadas y examinadas con un análisis discriminante. Además se comparó la forma del cuerpo entre las especies, mediante el análisis de morfometría geométrica a partir de imágenes digitalizadas. El análisis con la morfometría tradicional y geométrica permitió diferenciar los seis taxones. Se encontraron 10 medidas discriminantes, que expresan diferencias significativas en la longitud de las aletas y la región cefálica, de las cuales la posición de la boca diferenció estadísticamente más taxones. Las relaciones de similitud con ambos análisis mostraron 2 grupos, siendo V. bifasciata (Steindachner, 1864 y V. synspila (Hubbs, 1935 las especies más parecidas. Las gradillas de deformación mostraron que la mayor variación está en la región cefálica, específicamente en la posición de la boca y los ojos. Las diferencias morfométricas encontradas pueden servir para la determinación taxonómica en trabajos futuros. La variación encontrada en la morfología cefálica y trófica puede ser un mecanismo que favorece la coexistencia de las especies y la diversidad del grupo en la región.We evaluated and compared morphological characteristics among the 6 species of Vieja Fernández-Yépez, 1969 from Usumacinta River. We analyzed 20 adults by specie, obtaining 33 measurements, which were standardized and analyzed with a discriminant analysis. We also performed a comparison of body shape among species, using the geometric morphometric analysis from digitalized images. Traditional and geometric morphometrics allowed distinguishing each taxa. We found 10 discriminants measures, related with the head region and length of fins, only mouth position was different among more taxa. In both analyses, similarity relationships

  15. Massage therapy in the management of myogenic TMD: a pilot study Massoterapia para o tratamento da DTM miogênica: um estudo piloto

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Verena Kise Capellini

    2006-01-01

    reduz a qualidade de vida e a produtividade das pessoas que têm tal distúrbio. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar se a massagem produz alívio da dor e/ou alterações eletromiográficas (EMG. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Para tanto, utilizou-se um questionário para selecionar portadores de DTM, os quais foram divididos em 2 grupos diferentes. A idade dos voluntários variou de 19 a 22 anos. O grupo experimental foi formado por 6 portadores de DTM submetidos ao tratamento pela massagem e a 4 sessões EMG (a 1ª sessão ocorreu antes do tratamento e as outras nos 1º, 15º e 30º dias depois do tratamento. O grupo controle foi composto por 6 portadores de DTM submetidos às mesmas 4 sessões EMG. Durante o registro eletromiográfico, foi pedido aos voluntários para manter a posição de repouso mandibular (PRM e realizar contração voluntária máxima (CVM. O tratamento consistiu em 15 sessões de massagem na face e pescoço e na aplicação da Escala Visual Analógica (EVA para avaliar o nível de dor. As sessões de massagem tiveram 30 minutos de duração e foram realizadas diariamente. Os sinais EMG foram processados para obter Root Mean Square (RMS que foi normalizado pela CVM. RESULTADO: Foi demonstrado que: (1 RMS-PRM do masseter direito do grupo experimental foi maior na 1ª sessão EMG em comparação com a 2ª sessão EMG e (2 houve redução estatisticamente significante para os valores de EVA pós-massagem. CONCLUSÃO: A AMOstra é pequena para delinear qualquer conclusão, sendo necessários mais estudos a respeito da massagem no tratamento das DTMs miogênicas.

  16. Custos de auditoria e governança corporativa Audit costs and corporate governance

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patricia Maria Bortolon

    2013-04-01

    Full Text Available O serviço prestado pela auditoria independente é fundamental para uma maior transparência e confiabilidade dos relatórios financeiros das empresas de capital aberto. As possíveis ameaças à independência e qualidade das suas análises, os custos dos serviços e a relação com os mecanismos de governança corporativa são temas explorados internacionalmente. Esta pesquisa investiga o tema no ambiente brasileiro, possível a partir da Instrução CVM 480, que tornou obrigatória a divulgação dos valores dos serviços de auditoria e serviços extras contratados junto às empresas de auditoria independente. Com o objetivo de analisar a relação entre governança corporativa, custos de auditoria e de serviços extra-auditoria, foram analisadas as informações disponibilizadas por 131 empresas no primeiro semestre de 2010. As proxies de governança utilizadas foram: desvio de direitos dos cinco maiores acionistas, participação em segmentos diferenciados de governança da Bolsa de Mercadoria e Futuros & Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo (BM&FBovespa, existência de comitê de auditoria e de departamento de auditoria interna. Os resultados apontam para uma relação negativa entre governança e custos de auditoria, sugerindo que, no mercado brasileiro, predomina o efeito risco. Ou seja, melhores práticas de governança reduzem os riscos (judiciais e de perda da reputação da auditoria externa permitindo a cobrança de valores menores. A literatura internacional não é unânime quanto ao sinal, embora a maioria dos estudos apresente uma relação positiva, a favor do efeito demanda. De acordo com este efeito, melhor governança implica em maiores exigências junto ao serviço da auditoria acarretando elevação dos valores cobrados. A relação encontrada também é negativa entre os valores dos serviços extras e as boas práticas de governança. Apesar de as pesquisas não comprovarem a influência destes custos sobre a perda da independ

  17. Effects of Board of Directors' Characteristics on the Quality of Accounting Information in Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luciana Holtz

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available One of the board of directors' responsibilities is to monitor the quality of information disclosed in financial reports. The board's structural and compositional characteristics can affect the quality of reported accounting information. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the board's structural and compositional characteristics on the quality of accounting information of companies listed on the Brazilian Securities, Commodities, and Futures Exchange (Bolsa de Mercadorias e Futuros - BM&FBovespa. Specifically, the characteristics studied were the size and independence of the board of directors and separation of the roles of chairman and executive director. Accounting information relevance and earnings informativeness were used as proxies for the quality of accounting information. The sample included non-financial companies listed on the BM&FBovespa with annual stock market liquidity higher than 0.001, covering the period from 2008–2011. Data were collected from the Economática® database and directly from companies' annual reports and reference forms available on the Securities Commission (Comissão de Valores Mobiliários - CVM or BM&FBovespawebsites. Data analysis was undertaken using the multiple regression technique for calculating the models of accounting information relevance and earnings informativeness. The results reveal that, for companies that trade stocks on the BM&FBovespa in the Brazilian market, the characteristics of board independence and separation of the roles of chairman and executive director positively influence the quality of reported accounting information, specifically regarding the relevance of equity. Earnings informativeness is positively affected by board independence and negatively affected by larger board size (more than nine members. Overall, the results corroborate international studies such as those of Vafeas (2000, Firth, Fung, and Rui (2007, Ahmed, Hossain, and Adams (2006 and

  18. Estimation of Rural Households’ Willingness to Accept Two PES Programs and Their Service Valuation in the Miyun Reservoir Catchment, China

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hao Li

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available As the only surface water source for Beijing, the Miyun Reservoir and its catchment (MRC are a focus for concern about the degradation of ecosystem services (ES unless appropriate payments for ecosystem services (PES are in place. This study used the contingent valuation method (CVM to estimate the costs of two new PES programs, for agriculture and forestry, and to further calculate the economic value of ES in the MRC from the perspective of local rural households’ willingness to accept (WTA. The results of Logit model including WTA and the variables of household and village indicate that the local socio-economic context has complex effects on the WTA of rural households. In particular, the bid amount, location and proportion of off-farm employment would have significant positive effects on the local WTA. In contrast, the insignificance of the PES participation variable suggests that previous PES program experiences may negatively impact subsequent program participation. The mean WTA payments for agriculture and forestry PES programs were estimated as 8531 and 8187 yuan/ha/year, respectively. These results consistently explain the differentiated opportunity costs on both farmland and forestry land. Meanwhile, the differentiated WTA values in Beijing vs. the surrounding Hebei Province follow the interest differences and development gaps between jurisdictions. Finally, the total economic value of ES in the MRC area was estimated at 11.1 billion yuan/year. The rational economic value of ES for the restoration priority areas reaches 515.2 million yuan/year. For the existing budget gap (299 million yuan/year, the study proposed that decision makers increase the water tariff by 0.08 yuan to raise the funds needed. The study also concluded that these results are not only financially and politically feasible but also cost-effective. This study has policy implications for improving the implementation efficiency and providing quantified supports for PES

  19. Calculation of thermodynamic equilibrium between bcc disordered solid solutions U and Mo

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Alonso, Paula R.; Rubiolo, Gerardo H.

    2003-01-01

    There is actually an interest to develop a new fuel with higher density for research reactors. Fuel plates would be obtained by dispersion, a method that requires both a very dense fuel dispersant (>15.0 g U/cm 3 ) and a very high volume loading of the dispersant (>55%). Dispersants based in gamma (BCC) stabilized uranium alloys are being investigated, as they are able to reach uranium densities of 17.0 g U/cm 3 . Among them, we focus in U(Mo) bcc solid solutions with the addition of ternary elements to stabilize gamma phase. Transition metals, 4d and 5d, of groups VII and VIII are good candidates for the ternary alloy U - Mo - X. Their relative power to stabilize gamma phase seems to be in close relation with bonding energies between atoms in the alloy. A first approach to the calculation of these energies has been performed by the semi empiric method of Miedema where only bonds between pairs are considered, neglecting ternary and quaternary bonds. There is also a lack of information concerning solubilities of the ternary elements in the ternary cubic phase. In this work we aim to calculate bonding energies between atoms in the alloy using a cluster expansion of the formation energy (T=0 K) of a series of bcc ordered compounds in the systems U-Mo-X. Then the calculation of the equilibrium phase diagram by the Cluster Variation Method will be done (CVM). We show here the first part of the investigation devoted to calculation of phases equilibria in the U Mo system Formation energies of the ordered compounds were obtained by the first principles methods TB-LMTO-ASA and FP-LAPW. Another set of bonding energies was calculated in order to fit the known experimental diagram and new formation energies for the ordered compounds were derived from them. Discrepancies between both sets are discussed. (author)

  20. Measuring the Social Value of Nuclear Energy using Contingent Valuation Methodology

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jun, Eun Ju; Kim, Won Joon; Chang, Soon Heung

    2009-01-01

    In recent years, in addition to unstable energy supply and volatile energy prices, environmental concerns make energy security as the principal objective of energy policy in many nations. The International Energy Agency (2007) released what is probably its most pessimistic World Energy Outlook to date saying that oil and natural gas imports, coal use and greenhouse gas emissions are set to grow inexorably through 2030 - trends that threaten to undermine energy security and accelerate climate change, if countries do not change their energy use policies. In near term, nuclear is expected to be accepted as one of the promising alternatives which can achieve both energy security and prevention of climate change. However, nuclear energy has some vulnerable points in the view of social acceptance due to the history of its development and previous. Many countries which use nuclear power as one the major energy sources have been solving the problem of low social acceptance of nuclear energy by allocating enormous subsidy to local government. Korea decided to give 300 million dollar to the local government, Gyeongjoo, for constructing low level waste management facilities. Japan also paid 120 million dollar to Rokkasho-mura area for constructing nuclear waste repository. Sellarfield in England, Cabril in Spain also received subsidy every year from the related industries and their government. However these subsidies were provided without any appropriate estimation for the value of risk taking of nuclear energy. In addition, those subsidies are expected to increase and burden the central government for the further development and usage of nuclear. This study, therefore, aims to evaluate the value of nuclear energy in view of social acceptance in order to contribute to effective application for the future nuclear development and policy making. We estimate the Willingness-To-Pay of nuclear energy using Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). We find high social cost of nuclear

  1. Willingness to Pay for Elderly Telecare Service Using the Internet and Digital Terrestrial Broadcasting

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kaga, Satoshi; Suzuki, Teppei

    2017-01-01

    Background In Japan over the past few years, more attention has been focused on unnoticed solitary death in the context of an aging society and the trend toward nuclear family. A number of institutions and companies have implemented a prevention measure with digital terrestrial broadcasting telecare services for the elderly: Hokkaido University; TV-Asahi Corporation; Hitachi, Ltd; Iwamizawa City; Hokkaido Television Broadcasting Co, Ltd; and Hamanasu Information Co, Ltd. Although this system is provided free of charge as a demonstration test, determining the appropriate price for the service is required for its sustainable operation. Objective The aim of this study was to quantify individual willingness to pay (WTP) so as to test the tenability of digital terrestrial broadcasting service for elderly telecare. Methods We used the contingent valuation method (CVM) to estimate the WTP for this service among 305 citizens (valid response rate 76.0%) living in Japan. A questionnaire survey was conducted for people aged 18 to 100 years according to Japanese age distribution from September 2016. To elicit WTP, we adopted a double-bound dichotomous choice method to ask the respondents whether they agree or disagree with the price we offered. Results The median WTP for this service’s monthly fee is estimated to be 431 JPY (approximately US $3.7). The finding suggests that gender (0.66, P=.01), health consciousness (1.08, P=.01), willingness to use (2.38, PCalculated median WTP for digital terrestrial broadcasting service for elderly telecare was 431 JPY (approximately US $3.7). In the analysis of factors that affect WTP, constant factors, log-bid, health consciousness, gender, see others less than one time for week, and willingness to use made positive effect to probability of acceptance. In comparison of WTP in different groups, age groups showed that WTP of the elderly group was higher than WTP of the middle age group and younger age group. However, WTP surveys need to

  2. Reflejos de la Ley n.º 11.638/07 en los Indicadores Contables de las Empresas Textiles Listadas en la BM&FBovespa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paulo Roberto da Cunha

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available En diciembre de 2007, fue promulgada en el Brasil la Ley n.º11.638 (2007, que alteró la Ley de las Sociedades Anónimas. Alteraciones significativas fueron impuestas por la ley, entre ellas la adopción de las normas brasileñas de contabilidad en conformidad con las normas internacionales, que implica en diversas mudanzas en las demostraciones contables. En esa percepción de mudanzas en las demostraciones contables, pueden ocurrir también alteraciones en los indicadores contables utilizados en el análisis de balances. En ese contexto, el artículo objetiva verificar si hubo reflejos estadísticamente significativos en los indicadores contables después de la Ley n.º 11.638 (2007. Fue realizado un estudio descriptivo con un abordaje cuantitativo. La colecta de los datos ocurrió por medio de las Demostraciones Financieras Estandarizadas (DFPs de 2000 a 2008 a disposición en el sitio de la Comisión de Valores Mobiliarios (CVM. La muestra por accesibilidad comprendió 16 empresas listadas en la BM&FBovespa clasificadas en el sector de consumo cíclico, en el subsector tejidos, vestuario y calzados, segmento hilos y tejidos que poseían todas las DFPs del período de 2000 a 2008. Se aplicaron las técnicas estadísticas de regresión lineal con base en el Modelo de Koyck y de correlaciones canónicas. Los resultados mostraron que hay correlación canónica estadísticamente significativa entre los indicadores contables antes de entrar en vigor la Ley n.º 11.638 (2007 con los indicadores contables después de entrar en vigor la ley 11.638/07. Se concluye de manera general, de acuerdo con las empresas pesquisadas, que los indicadores contables no sufrieron alteración estadísticamente significativa por el hecho de las demostraciones contables ser elaboradas atendiendo a los preceptos de la Ley n.º 11.638 (2007.

  3. Reflejos de la Ley n.º 11.638/07 en los Indicadores Contables de las Empresas Textiles Listadas en la BM&FBovespa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paulo Roberto da Cunha

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available En diciembre de 2007, fue promulgada en el Brasil la Ley n.º11.638 (2007, que alteró la Ley de las Sociedades Anónimas. Alteraciones significativas fueron impuestas por la ley, entre ellas la adopción de las normas brasileñas de contabilidad en conformidad con las normas internacionales, que implica en diversas mudanzas en las demostraciones contables. En esa percepción de mudanzas en las demostraciones contables, pueden ocurrir también alteraciones en los indicadores contables utilizados en el análisis de balances. En ese contexto, el artículo objetiva verificar si hubo reflejos estadísticamente significativos en los indicadores contables después de la Ley n.º 11.638 (2007. Fue realizado un estudio descriptivo con un abordaje cuantitativo. La colecta de los datos ocurrió por medio de las Demostraciones Financieras Estandarizadas (DFPs de 2000 a 2008 a disposición en el sitio de la Comisión de Valores Mobiliarios (CVM. La muestra por accesibilidad comprendió 16 empresas listadas en la BM&FBovespa clasificadas en el sector de consumo cíclico, en el subsector tejidos, vestuario y calzados, segmento hilos y tejidos que poseían todas las DFPs del período de 2000 a 2008. Se aplicaron las técnicas estadísticas de regresión lineal con base en el Modelo de Koyck y de correlaciones canónicas. Los resultados mostraron que hay correlación canónica estadísticamente significativa entre los indicadores contables antes de entrar en vigor la Ley n.º 11.638 (2007 con los indicadores contables después de entrar en vigor la ley 11.638/07. Se concluye de manera general, de acuerdo con las empresas pesquisadas, que los indicadores contables no sufrieron alteración estadísticamente significativa por el hecho de las demostraciones contables ser elaboradas atendiendo a los preceptos de la Ley n.º 11.638 (2007.

  4. Desarrollo osteológico de la columna vertebral y del complejo caudal de larvas de Lutjanus guttatus (Perciformes: Lutjanidae en condiciones de cultivo

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    Luz Estela Rodríguez-Ibarra

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available El pargo flamenco (Lutjanus guttatus es una especie de importancia comercial en México con un gran potencial para su cultivo. El estudio osteológico en estadios tempranos de esta especie bajo condiciones controladas, es una herramienta importante para el conocimiento de su estructura ósea normal y poder detectar las malformaciones que se puedan presentar. El objetivo del presente trabajo se realizó para conocer y describir el desarrollo osteológico normal de la columna vertebral y el complejo caudal de 540 larvas de 2.1 a 17.5mm de longitud total (LT bajo condiciones de cultivo a 28°C, 5.74mg/L de oxígeno y 32.2UPS de salinidad. Diariamente se tomó una muestra de 15 organismos desde el día uno hasta el 36 después de la eclosión (DDE y se procesaron con las técnicas de clareado y tinción de cartílago (azul aciano y hueso (rojo alizarina para llevar a cabo la descripción de las estructuras. La columna vertebral se divide en región abdominal con diez vértebras y región caudal compuesta por 14 vértebras incluido el urostilo. El desarrollo del esqueleto axial inicia con la formación de los arcos neurales y hemales a los 3.8mm de LT. A los 4.1mm de LT empieza la formación de los hipurales y parahipural que son elementos caudales. Entre los 5.3 y 5.8mm de LT se observó en pre-flexión y flexión del notocordio y la formación de todos los hipurales. La osificación de las vértebras en la región abdominal y en algunos arcos neurales inició a los 9.5mm de LT. A los 10.2mm de LT se osificó la región caudal y todos los arcos neurales y hemales. A los 11.2mm LT se osificaron todas las vértebras abdominales con sus respectivos arcos neurales y los parapófisis, mientras que los elementos del esqueleto caudal que se osificaron fueron los hipurales, parahipurales y las espinas hemales modificadas. A los 15.5mm de LT se osificaron los radios de la aleta caudal y 12 espinas neurales y 3 hemales. El proceso de osificación de las

  5. A new species of Algansea (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae from the Ameca River basin, in Central Mexico Una especie nueva de Algansea (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae en la cuenca del río Ameca en el centro de México

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rodolfo Pérez-Rodríguez

    2009-08-01

    cuerpo, un punto negro presente en la base de la aleta caudal que se extiende hasta las membranas interradiales, y por presentar la línea lateral pigmentada. Esta nueva especie incrementa nuestro conocimiento de la diversidad de la ictiofauna endémica de la cuenca del río Ameca, y queda manifiesto su parentesco cercano con la especie A. tincella del sistema Lerma-Chapala-Santiago, lo cual refleja una conexión histórica entre ambos sistemas hidrológicos que posteriormente fue interrumpida por un evento vicariante que produjo el aislamiento de las poblaciones y con ello el evento de especiación. Debido a la limitada distribución del nuevo taxón y al deterioro ambiental del río Ameca, se recomienda designarla como una especie protegida dentro de la Norma Oficial Mexicana.

  6. Curva dose-resposta do exercício em hipertensos: análise do número de sessões para efeito hipotensor Curva dosis-respuesta del ejercicio en hipertensos: análisis del número de sesiones para efecto hipotensor Dose-response curve to exercise in hypertensive individuals: analysis of the number of sessions to the hypotensive effect

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paulo Ricardo Nazário Viecili

    2009-05-01

    Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: O efeito do exercício na pressão arterial já é conhecido, entretanto a curva dose-resposta do efeito hipotensor do exercício em hipertensos ainda não está clara. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a curva dose-resposta do número de sessões necessárias para causar efeito hipotensor em indivíduos hipertensos. MÉTODOS: Participaram deste estudo 88 indivíduos, com 58 ± 11 anos, divididos em grupo experimental (GE - composto de 48 integrantes de um programa de exercício físico (PEF de 3 meses, 3 vezes por semana, com 40' de exercício aeróbio a 70% do VO2máx e exercícios musculares a 40% da CVM - e grupo-controle (GC - 40 indivíduos que não realizaram PEF. As pressões arteriais sistólica (PAS e diastólica (PAD foram mensuradas antes de cada uma das 36 sessões no GE e avaliadas por MAPA no GC. Observaram-se as diferenças na PA, o índice de variação (D% e o efeito hipotensor máximo (EHM% entre as sessões. Os dados foram expressos por M ± DP, e usou-se teste t e correlação, considerando p FUNDAMENTO: Ya se conoce el efecto del ejercicio en la presión arterial, sin embargo, la curva dosis-respuesta del efecto hipotensor del ejercicio en hipertensos no está aclarada aún. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la curva dosis-respuesta del número de sesiones necesarias para causar efecto hipotensor en individuos hipertensos. MÉTODOS: El estudio estaba conformado por 88 individuos, con 58 ± 11 años, divididos en grupo experimental (GE -conformado por 48 integrantes de un programa de ejercicio físico (PEF de tres meses, tres veces por semana, con 40' de ejercicio aerobio al 70% del VO2máx y ejercicios musculares al 40% de la capacidad voluntaria máxima (CVM; y grupo-control (GC con 40 individuos que no realizaron el PEF. Se midieron las presiones arteriales sistólica (PAS y diastólica (PAD del GE antes de cada una de las 36 sesiones y en el GC se las evaluaron por monitoreo ambulatorio de presión arterial (MAPA. Se observaron las

  7. CyberShake: A Physics-Based Seismic Hazard Model for Southern California

    Science.gov (United States)

    Graves, R.; Jordan, T.H.; Callaghan, S.; Deelman, E.; Field, E.; Juve, G.; Kesselman, C.; Maechling, P.; Mehta, G.; Milner, K.; Okaya, D.; Small, P.; Vahi, K.

    2011-01-01

    CyberShake, as part of the Southern California Earthquake Center's (SCEC) Community Modeling Environment, is developing a methodology that explicitly incorporates deterministic source and wave propagation effects within seismic hazard calculations through the use of physics-based 3D ground motion simulations. To calculate a waveform-based seismic hazard estimate for a site of interest, we begin with Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast, Version 2.0 (UCERF2.0) and identify all ruptures within 200 km of the site of interest. We convert the UCERF2.0 rupture definition into multiple rupture variations with differing hypocenter locations and slip distributions, resulting in about 415,000 rupture variations per site. Strain Green Tensors are calculated for the site of interest using the SCEC Community Velocity Model, Version 4 (CVM4), and then, using reciprocity, we calculate synthetic seismograms for each rupture variation. Peak intensity measures are then extracted from these synthetics and combined with the original rupture probabilities to produce probabilistic seismic hazard curves for the site. Being explicitly site-based, CyberShake directly samples the ground motion variability at that site over many earthquake cycles (i. e., rupture scenarios) and alleviates the need for the ergodic assumption that is implicitly included in traditional empirically based calculations. Thus far, we have simulated ruptures at over 200 sites in the Los Angeles region for ground shaking periods of 2 s and longer, providing the basis for the first generation CyberShake hazard maps. Our results indicate that the combination of rupture directivity and basin response effects can lead to an increase in the hazard level for some sites, relative to that given by a conventional Ground Motion Prediction Equation (GMPE). Additionally, and perhaps more importantly, we find that the physics-based hazard results are much more sensitive to the assumed magnitude-area relations and

  8. Clinical, manometric and profilometric evaluation after surgery for Hirschsprung's disease: comparison between the modified Duhamel and the transanal rectosigmoidectomy techniques Avaliação clínica, manométrica e profilométrica após correção cirúrgica para doença de Hirschsprung: comparação entre as técnicas de Duhamel modificado e a retossigmoidectomia transanal modificada

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elaine Cristina Soares Martins

    2009-10-01

    Full Text Available PURPOSE: To evaluate fecal continence, anorectal manometry (AM and profilometry (P, in patients operated for congenital megacolon, using either the modified Duhamel technique (MDT or the modified transanal rectosigmoidectomy (MTR technique. METHODS: 42 patients were evaluated clinically and via AM and P, for postoperative control. The resting, coughing, voluntary contraction, maintained voluntary contraction and perianal stimulation pressures were investigated. The rectosphincteric reflex was tested and the simple and enhanced pressure curves were evaluated. The three-dimensional profilometric outline was produced. Student's t, chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests were used for statistical analysis (pOBJETIVO: Avaliar a continência fecal, a manometria anorretal (MAR e a profilometria (PFM, em pacientes submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico do megacolo congênito pelas técnicas de Duhamel modificado (DM ou de retossigmoidectomia transanal modificada (RTM. MÉTODOS: 42 pacientes foram clinicamente avaliados e submetidos à MAR e PFM para controle pós-operatório. Foram pesquisadas as pressões no repouso (PR, à tosse (T, à contração voluntária (CV, à contração voluntária mantida (CVM e à estimulação perianal (EPA. O reflexo reto-esficteriano (RRE foi testado e as curvas pressóricas simples e potencializada foram avaliadas. Foi elaborado traçado tridimensional de PFM. Utilizamos os testes t de Student, Qui-Quadrado e exato de Fisher para análise estatística (p<0,05. RESULTADOS: A MAR mostrou médias de PR=53,44 mmHg para DM e 60,67 mmHg para RTM; CV média = 94,50 mmHg para o grupo DM e 95,47 mmHg para o grupo RTM. Não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos. A forma das CPS e CPP não apresentou diferença estatística, independentemente da técnica cirúrgica utilizada CONCLUSÃO: As duas técnicas operatórias foram manometricamente equivalentes. DM determinou maior incidência de constipação pós-operatória que RTM. A

  9. Refining Southern California Geotherms Using Seismologic, Geologic, and Petrologic Constraints

    Science.gov (United States)

    Thatcher, W. R.; Chapman, D. S.; Allam, A. A.; Williams, C. F.

    2017-12-01

    Lithospheric deformation in tectonically active regions depends on the 3D distribution of rheology, which is in turn critically controlled by temperature. Under the auspices of the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) we are developing a 3D Community Thermal Model (CTM) to constrain rheology and so better understand deformation processes within this complex but densely monitored and relatively well-understood region. The San Andreas transform system has sliced southern California into distinct blocks, each with characteristic lithologies, seismic velocities and thermal structures. Guided by the geometry of these blocks we use more than 250 surface heat-flow measurements to define 13 geographically distinct heat flow regions (HFRs). Model geotherms within each HFR are constrained by averages and variances of surface heat flow q0 and the 1D depth distribution of thermal conductivity (k) and radiogenic heat production (A), which are strongly dependent on rock type. Crustal lithologies are not always well known and we turn to seismic imaging for help. We interrogate the SCEC Community Velocity Model (CVM) to determine averages and variances of Vp, Vs and Vp/Vs versus depth within each HFR. We bound (A, k) versus depth by relying on empirical relations between seismic wave speed and rock type and laboratory and modeling methods relating (A, k) to rock type. Many 1D conductive geotherms for each HFR are allowed by the variances in surface heat flow and subsurface (A, k). An additional constraint on the lithosphere temperature field is provided by comparing lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) depths identified seismologically with those defined thermally as the depth of onset of partial melting. Receiver function studies in Southern California indicate LAB depths that range from 40 km to 90 km. Shallow LAB depths are correlated with high surface heat flow and deep LAB with low heat flow. The much-restricted families of geotherms that intersect peridotite

  10. Influence Factors of Willingness to Pay for Vegetable Cleaner Production Technology Subsidies: Taking the Questionnaire Investigation on the Application of Vegetable Residue Composting Technology as an Example

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    ZHOU Ying

    2016-05-01

    Full Text Available Currently, producing the safe, high quality and nutritious vegetable products has become the common goal of the food producers and consumers. In doing so, Chinese government vigorously promotes clean production technology of vegetables for the source control and production process control. Unfortunately, lots of vegetables residues are still thrown away after the harvest, which has caused severe environmental pollution in producing areas. Vegetable waste composting technology, an important technology of vegetable cleaner production, has low requirements for technology conditions and is suitable for the promotion of rural households. But it needs additional investment costs including retting pond construction costs during application process and its personal income is less than the social benefits brought by the technology itself, which makes it difficult to mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers to adapt cleaner technology and the technology promotion is not smooth. It is of great and practical significance to investigate the influence mechanism of technology application, assess subsides policy effectiveness and encourage farmers environmentally and friendly produce behavior. The goal of this study is thus to use the contingent valuation method(CVM to understand the farmers' willingness to subsidize for heap retting pool construction fee and to analyze the direction and intensity of influence factors of willingness to pay(WTP by using a Logistic econometric model and the 142 questionnaires in Gaocheng City of Hebei Province. The results indicated that the direct cost of production and operation was an important factor to affect the WTP of technology subsidies and individual labor time and social relationship were the internal control factors that affects the WTP, while the policy measures based on technology subsidies was an important factor to affect the WTP and environmental cognition factor of soil pollution presented a reverse relationship with

  11. Willingness and ability to pay for artemisinin-based combination therapy in rural Tanzania.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Saulo, Eleonor C; Forsberg, Birger C; Premji, Zul; Montgomery, Scott M; Björkman, Anders

    2008-10-31

    The aim of this study was to analyse willingness to pay (WTP) and ability to pay (ATP) for ACT for children below five years of age in a rural setting in Tanzania before the introduction of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) as first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria. Socio-economic factors associated with WTP and expectations on anti-malaria drugs, including ACT, were also explored. Structured interviews and focus group discussions were held with mothers, household heads, health-care workers and village leaders in Ishozi, Gera and Ishunju wards in north-west Tanzania in 2004. Contingent valuation method (CVM) was used with "take-it-or-leave-it" as the eliciting method, expressed as WTP for a full course of ACT for a child and households' opportunity cost of ACT was used to assess ATP. The study included descriptive analyses with multivariate adjustment for potential confounding factors. Among 265 mothers and household heads, 244 (92%, CI = 88%-95%) were willing to pay Tanzanian Shillings (TSh) 500 (US$ 0.46) for a child's dose of ACT, but only 55% (49%-61%) were willing to pay more than TSh 500. Mothers were more often willing to pay than male household heads (adjusted odds ratio = 2.1, CI = 1.2-3.6). Socio-economic status had no significant effect on WTP. The median annual non-subsidized ACT cost for clinical malaria episodes in an average household was calculated as US$ 6.0, which would represent 0.9% of the average total consumption expenditures as estimated from official data in 2001. The cost of non-subsidized ACT represented 7.0% of reported total annual expenditure on food and 33.0% of total annual expenditure on health care."Rapid effect," "no adverse effect" and "inexpensive" were the most desired features of an anti-malarial drug. WTP for ACT in this study was less than its real cost and a subsidy is, therefore, needed to enable its equitable affordability. The decision taken in Tanzania to subsidize Coartem fully at governmental health

  12. Dos aproximaciones a la metodología de diseño a momento flexionante de secciones T en concreto reforzado que se comportan como rectangulares y constituyen la sección recta de la viguetería de losas aligeradas Two approaches to design methodology at T sections bending moment in reinforced concrete which behave as rectangular sections and constitute the straight sections of beams of light slabs

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Christian Chanchí Golondrino

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente artículo esboza dos aproximaciones sobre la ecuación de diseño a momento flexionante de secciones T en concreto reforzado que se comportan como secciones rectangulares y que trabajan como viguetería de losas aligeradas. La primera aproximación discute la viabilidad de usar el ancho del nervio de la vigueta en lugar de usar el ancho efectivo de la aleta, dentro del proceso de la obtención del acero, requerida para asumir un momento flexionante; la segunda aproximación discute la viabilidad de aproximar la ecuación cuadrática que rige la obtención del área del acero requerida para obtener un momento flexionante en una ecuación lineal, cuyas únicas variables son el área del acero y la altura efectiva de la sección T. Se ha dimensionado geométricamente un conjunto de secciones de losas aligeradas siguiendo los requisitos del título C13 de la norma sismo resistente colombiana NSR98, los cuales se obtuvieron para un modelo simplemente apoyado, cuya luz varía entre [2 - 7] m y el ancho del casetón ente [0.30 - 1] m. El dimensionamiento antes mencionado fue utilizado para sensibilizar la efectividad de cada una de las aproximaciones propuestas respecto a la solución general para la obtención del área del acero de la sección T que se comporta como rectangular.This article presents two approaches on the moment design equation of T shaped beams. Particularly the beam's T cross section analyzed behaves like a rectangular cross section when the beam works like a component of a slab system built from a set of T shaped beams. The first approach discusses the feasibility to use the web width instead of effective flange width to obtain the steel area associated to the moment solicitation of T shaped beam. The second approach discusses the feasibility to approach the quadratic equation used to obtain the steel required to take the bending moment into linear equation related to variables such as steel area and the effective depth

  13. Desarrollo embrionario y larva del sapo Incilius aucoinae (Bufonidae en Golfito, Costa Rica

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    Susy Segura-Solís

    2009-11-01

    Full Text Available Se describe la larva y los estadios del desarrollo del huevo y larva de Incilius aucoinae utilizando especímenes del río Cañaza, Golfito, Costa Rica, recolectados en enero de 1997 y enero-febrero de 1998. La muestra fue de 696 individuos, 317 huevos en estadios 1-12, 176 huevos con embriones en estadios 15-16, y 204 renacuajos en estadios 21-43. El promedio del número de huevos por nidada fue de 8 940 (n = 4, los cuales fueron colocados en una hilera, sujetos al sustrato del río. Los huevos en estadios 1-12 tienen un promedio de diámetro de 1.75 (s = 0.38 mm y los huevos con embriones en estadios 15-16 miden 1.33 (0.34 de ancho y 3.06 (1.46 mm de largo. La descripción del renacuajo basada en el espécimen UCR 19982, es como sigue: el dorso, el vientre y la cola son de color café y punteado de café oscuro; la cola mide 9.43 mm y el cuerpo 6.18, para un tamaño total de 15.62; las aletas son pequeñas café claro translúcidas, la dorsal con puntos dispersos y la ventral sin ningún tipo de pigmento oscuro. También es el único renacuajo ovoide con una tendencia a ser aplastado dorso-ventralmente, y con la boca antero-ventral. Dentro de la variación observada, algunos individuos son de color negro (3.4 % y pocos son uniformes (0.5- 1.5 %.Embryonic development and larva of the toad Incilius aucoinae (Bufonidae in Golfito, Costa Rica. The larva and developmental stages of Incilius aucoinae are described using specimens from Río Cañaza, Golfito, Costa Rica. We collected the individuals in January 1997, and January and February 1998. The total sample was 696 individuals, 317 eggs in 1-12 stages, 176 eggs with embryos in stages 15-16, and 204 tadpoles in stages 21-43. The average number of eggs per nest was 8 940 (n = 4. These eggs were laid in strings, attached to the river strata. Eggs in stages 1-12 had an average diameter of 1.75 (s = 0.38 mm and eggs with embryos in stages 15 -16 measured 1.33 (0.34 mm wide and 3.06 (1.46 mm long. The

  14. La larva de Hyla uruguaya Schmidt, 1944 (Anura: Hylidae, con comentarios sobre su biología y su status taxonómico

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    Kolenc, Francisco

    2003-11-01

    Full Text Available Hyla uruguaya es una especie poco conocida y con relaciones taxonómicas discutidas. Su hallazgo en Uruguay ha sido esporádico. En el presente trabajo se describen su morfología larval, aspectos sobre su biología reproductiva, geonemia y ecología en Uruguay. La larva tiene cuerpo de tipo robusto y elíptico, con ojos laterales, aletas altas con dorsal expandida, espiráculo izquierdo, tubo proctodeal dextrógiro y corto, y fórmula de queratodontes [(1(1-1/(1-1(2], con una fila simple de papilas orales con claro rostral y varias papilas intramarginales subangulares. Una puesta obtenida en el laboratorio consistió de 398 huevos de 1,3 mm de diámetro. El canto de anuncio consta de una sucesión de notas multipulsadas de 22 ms de duración, con una frecuencia dominante promedio de 4146 Hz, emitidas a una frecuencia de 4,2 - 4,8 notas/s. El tren de notas puede durar hasta 13 minutos. Su canto fue registrado en la naturaleza desde fines de agosto y sus larvas se encontraron hasta fines de febrero en charcos de áreas abiertas en paisajes serranos del NE, E y SE del Uruguay. Los resultados obtenidos permitirían reconsiderar el estado de conservación de la especie en Uruguay. Sugerimos su afinidad taxonómica con las especies de Scinax del clado ruber sobre la base de caracteres larvales y discutimos su relación con la especie críptica Hyla pinima. Hyla uruguaya is a poorly known species with controversial taxonomic status. Its finding in Uruguay has been sporadic. In the present work larval morphology, some aspects of reproductive biology, geographical distribution and ecology in Uruguay are addressed. The tadpole has a robust and elliptic body, lateral eyes, high fins, left spiracle, vent tube short and dextral, labial tooth row formula of [(1(1-1/(1-1(2], a single row of oral papillae with a dorsal gap and some submarginal subangular papillae. A spawn of 398 eggs of 1,3 mm diameter was obtained in the laboratory. The advertisement call

  15. Species catch composition, length structure and reproductive indices of swordfish (Xiphias gladius at Easter Island zone Composición de especies, estructura de tallas e índices reproductivos de pez espada (Xiphias gladius en la zona de isla de Pascua

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rodrigo Vega

    2009-01-01

    y 7,1% otros teleósteos. Entre los tiburones, la especie más relevante fue el tiburón azulejo (Prionace glauca, 16,5%o, seguido por el tiburón jaquetón (Carcharhinus spp., 6,9%. Entre los atunes e istiofóridos, el marlín rayado (Tetrapturus audax, 8,0% y el atún aleta amarilla (Thunnus albacares, 4,9% fueron también importantes (≥ 4% en número. Se reporta el número de ejemplares por especie, su rendimiento nominal en número y peso, y el peso promedio eviscerado, además de los estadísticos descriptivos de talla. La estructura poblacional de pez espada estuvo dominada por machos y no se registraron diferencias en las tallas medias entre sexos. Se observaron ejemplares con altos valores de IG durante todos los cruceros, principalmente durante diciembre-febrero, lo que sugiere un area reproductiva para esta especie. El tiburón azulejo mostró una predominancia de machos, y se observaron diferencias en las tallas medias entre sexos, posiblemente debido a una segregación espacial y temporal.

  16. Análisis de Factores en la Evaluación de una Sembradora al Voleo para el Cultivo de Arroz (Oriza Sativa

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    Puyana M. J. Octavio

    1980-09-01

    Full Text Available En los terrenos de la Universidad Nacional, Sede de Medellín, Facultad de Agronomía, se realizó una calibración estadística de un equipo de siembra fertilización, de enganche hidráulico y aplicación al voleo mediante transmisión de potencia del toma de fuerza (tdf por rueda de fricción (Equipo APOLO SAV 73. Las pruebas se efectuaron en los años 1976 y 1977. Se utilizó semilla de arroz de las variedades CICA 4 Y CICA 6. Se diseñó un experimento factorial para observar los perfiles transversales de la deposición de la semilla, habiéndose recogido en lienzos de 0.50 x 0.50 mts2, distanciados a 2.5 metros, á partir del centro de la vía del tractor y perpendiculares a ella, a ambos lados, para cubrir una distancia total, transversal, de 15 metros. Se recogieron cuatro repeticiones que se tomaron en bloques distanciados tres metros (sobre el eje de recorrido del tractor. Se tomó como variable dependiente, el número de semillas/lienzo, fácilmente convertible, en los cálculos, a kqrms/ Ha. Como variables independientes se observaron: apertura de la salida de la tolva al plato de distribución (Q1 = 16.08 cm.2, Q2 =42.30 cm2 , Q3 = 73.50 cm.2; altura de toma de fuerza (H1 = 0.78 m., H2 = 0.90 m., H3 = 0.70 m.; posición de la aleta del plato distribuidor (P1 = 0°, P2 -= 13.08°, P3 = 18.27° y la distancia transversal del perfil (D 1 =0 metros, D2 =2.5 metros, D3 =5.0 metros, D4 = 7.5 metros, D5= 10.0 metros; esta última se conformó así para facilitar el ajuste de curvas, mas, sin embargo, corresponde al perfil transversal con centro en D3 =5.0 metros = 0 (Centro del tractor; el semi-perfil izquierdo (D2 = -2.5 metros, D1= -5.0 metros y el semi-perfil derecho (D4 = +2.5 metros, D5 = +5.0 metros; velocidad de operación (V 1 = 4.54 KPH, V2 = 6.18 KPH, V3 = 9.68 KPH. Se tuvieron 405 tratamientos y un total de 1.620 muestras. Se efectuaron análisis de Varianza, pruebas de DUNCAN y análisis de regresión múltiple, en una

  17. Information security management: a proposal to improve the effectiveness of information security in the scientific research environment

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Alexandria, Joao Carlos Soares de

    2009-01-01

    The increase of the connectivity in the business environment, combined with the growing dependency of information systems, has become the information security management an important governance tool. Information security has as main goal to protect the business transactions in order to work normally. In this way, It will be safeguarding the business continuity. The threats of information come from hackers' attacks, electronic frauds and spying, as well as fire, electrical energy interruption and humans fault. Information security is made by implementation of a set of controls, including of the others politics, processes, procedures, organizational structures, software and hardware, which require a continuous management and a well established structure to be able to face such challenges. This work tried to search the reasons why the organizations have difficulties to make a practice of information security management. Many of them just limit to adopt points measures, sometimes they are not consistent with their realities. The market counts on enough quantity of standards and regulations related to information security issues, for example, ISO/IEC 27002, American Sarbanes-Oxley act, Basel capital accord, regulations from regulatory agency (such as the Brazilians ones ANATEL, ANVISA and CVM). The market researches have showed that the information security implementation is concentrated on a well-defined group of organization mainly formed by large companies and from specifics sectors of economy, for example, financial and telecommunication. However, information security must be done by all organizations that use information systems to carry out their activities, independently of its size or economic area that it belongs. The situation of information security in the governmental sector of Brazil, and inside its research institutions, is considered worrying by the Brazilian Court of Accounts (TCU). This research work presents an assessment and diagnostic proposal of

  18. Valuing Non-market Benefits of Rehabilitation of Hydrologic Cycle Improvements in the Anyangcheon Watershed: Using Mixed Logit Models

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yoo, J.; Kong, K.

    2010-12-01

    This research the findings from a discrete-choice experiment designed to estimate the economic benefits associated with the Anyangcheon watershed improvements in Rep. of Korea. The Anyangcheon watershed has suffered from streamflow depletion and poor stream quality, which often negatively affect instream and near-stream ecologic integrity, as well as water supply. Such distortions in the hydrologic cycle mainly result from rapid increase of impermeable area due to urbanization, decreases of baseflow runoff due to groundwater pumping, and reduced precipitation inputs driven by climate forcing. As well, combined sewer overflows and increase of non-point source pollution from urban regions decrease water quality. The appeal of choice experiments (CE) in economic analysis is that it is based on random utility theory (McFadden, 1974; Ben-Akiva and Lerman, 1985). In contrast to contingent valuation method (CVM), which asks people to choose between a base case and a specific alternative, CE asks people to choice between cases that are described by attributes. The attributes of this study were selected from hydrologic vulnerability components that represent flood damage possibility, instreamflow depletion, water quality deterioration, form of the watershed and tax. Their levels were divided into three grades include status quo. Two grades represented the ideal conditions. These scenarios were constructed from a 35 orthogonal main effect design. This design resulted in twenty-seven choice sets. The design had nine different choice scenarios presented to each respondent. The most popular choice models in use are the conditional logit (CNL). This model provides closed-form choice probability calculation. The shortcoming of CNL comes from irrelevant alternatives (IIA). In this paper, the mixed logit (ML) is applied to allow the coefficient’s variation for random taste heterogeneity in the population. The mixed logit model(with normal distributions for the attributes) fit the

  19. Construction and use of gene expression covariation matrix

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    Bellis Michel

    2009-07-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background One essential step in the massive analysis of transcriptomic profiles is the calculation of the correlation coefficient, a value used to select pairs of genes with similar or inverse transcriptional profiles across a large fraction of the biological conditions examined. Until now, the choice between the two available methods for calculating the coefficient has been dictated mainly by technological considerations. Specifically, in analyses based on double-channel techniques, researchers have been required to use covariation correlation, i.e. the correlation between gene expression changes measured between several pairs of biological conditions, expressed for example as fold-change. In contrast, in analyses of single-channel techniques scientists have been restricted to the use of coexpression correlation, i.e. correlation between gene expression levels. To our knowledge, nobody has ever examined the possible benefits of using covariation instead of coexpression in massive analyses of single channel microarray results. Results We describe here how single-channel techniques can be treated like double-channel techniques and used to generate both gene expression changes and covariation measures. We also present a new method that allows the calculation of both positive and negative correlation coefficients between genes. First, we perform systematic comparisons between two given biological conditions and classify, for each comparison, genes as increased (I, decreased (D, or not changed (N. As a result, the original series of n gene expression level measures assigned to each gene is replaced by an ordered string of n(n-1/2 symbols, e.g. IDDNNIDID....DNNNNNNID, with the length of the string corresponding to the number of comparisons. In a second step, positive and negative covariation matrices (CVM are constructed by calculating statistically significant positive or negative correlation scores for any pair of genes by comparing their

  20. Dirofilaria immitis JYD-34 isolate: whole genome analysis

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    Catherine Bourguinat

    2017-11-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Macrocyclic lactone (ML anthelmintics are used for chemoprophylaxis for heartworm infection in dogs and cats. Cases of dogs becoming infected with heartworms, despite apparent compliance to recommended chemoprophylaxis with approved preventives, has led to such cases being considered as suspected lack of efficacy (LOE. Recently, microfilariae collected from a small number of LOE isolates were used as a source of infection of new host dogs and confirmed to have reduced susceptibility to ML in controlled efficacy studies using L3 challenge in dogs. A specific Dirofilaria immitis laboratory isolate named JYD-34 has also been confirmed to have less than 100% susceptibility to ML-based preventives. For preventive claims against heartworm disease, evidence of 100% efficacy is required by FDA-CVM. It was therefore of interest to determine whether JYD-34 has a genetic profile similar to other documented LOE and confirmed reduced susceptibility isolates or has a genetic profile similar to known ML-susceptible isolates. Methods In this study, the 90Mbp whole genome of the JYD-34 strain was sequenced. This genome was compared using bioinformatics tools to pooled whole genomes of four well-characterized susceptible D. immitis populations, one susceptible Missouri laboratory isolate, as well as the pooled whole genomes of four LOE D. immitis populations. Fixation indexes (FST, which allow the genetic structure of each population (isolate to be compared at the level of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP across the genome, have been calculated. Forty-one previously reported SNP, that appeared to differentiate between susceptible and LOE and confirmed reduced susceptibility isolates, were also investigated in the JYD-34 isolate. Results The FST analysis, and the analysis of the 41 SNP that appeared to differentiate reduced susceptibility from fully susceptible isolates, confirmed that the JYD-34 isolate has a genome similar to previously

  1. Information security management: a proposal to improve the effectiveness of information security in the scientific research environment; Gestao da seguranca da informacao: uma proposta para potencializar a efetividade da seguranca da informacao em ambiente de pesquisa cientifica

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Alexandria, Joao Carlos Soares de

    2009-07-01

    The increase of the connectivity in the business environment, combined with the growing dependency of information systems, has become the information security management an important governance tool. Information security has as main goal to protect the business transactions in order to work normally. In this way, It will be safeguarding the business continuity. The threats of information come from hackers' attacks, electronic frauds and spying, as well as fire, electrical energy interruption and humans fault. Information security is made by implementation of a set of controls, including of the others politics, processes, procedures, organizational structures, software and hardware, which require a continuous management and a well established structure to be able to face such challenges. This work tried to search the reasons why the organizations have difficulties to make a practice of information security management. Many of them just limit to adopt points measures, sometimes they are not consistent with their realities. The market counts on enough quantity of standards and regulations related to information security issues, for example, ISO/IEC 27002, American Sarbanes-Oxley act, Basel capital accord, regulations from regulatory agency (such as the Brazilians ones ANATEL, ANVISA and CVM). The market researches have showed that the information security implementation is concentrated on a well-defined group of organization mainly formed by large companies and from specifics sectors of economy, for example, financial and telecommunication. However, information security must be done by all organizations that use information systems to carry out their activities, independently of its size or economic area that it belongs. The situation of information security in the governmental sector of Brazil, and inside its research institutions, is considered worrying by the Brazilian Court of Accounts (TCU). This research work presents an assessment and diagnostic proposal

  2. Willingness and ability to pay for artemisinin-based combination therapy in rural Tanzania

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Montgomery Scott M

    2008-10-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background The aim of this study was to analyse willingness to pay (WTP and ability to pay (ATP for ACT for children below five years of age in a rural setting in Tanzania before the introduction of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT as first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria. Socio-economic factors associated with WTP and expectations on anti-malaria drugs, including ACT, were also explored. Methods Structured interviews and focus group discussions were held with mothers, household heads, health-care workers and village leaders in Ishozi, Gera and Ishunju wards in north-west Tanzania in 2004. Contingent valuation method (CVM was used with "take-it-or-leave-it" as the eliciting method, expressed as WTP for a full course of ACT for a child and households' opportunity cost of ACT was used to assess ATP. The study included descriptive analyses with multivariate adjustment for potential confounding factors. Results Among 265 mothers and household heads, 244 (92%, CI = 88%–95% were willing to pay Tanzanian Shillings (TSh 500 (US$ 0.46 for a child's dose of ACT, but only 55% (49%–61% were willing to pay more than TSh 500. Mothers were more often willing to pay than male household heads (adjusted odds ratio = 2.1, CI = 1.2–3.6. Socio-economic status had no significant effect on WTP. The median annual non-subsidized ACT cost for clinical malaria episodes in an average household was calculated as US$ 6.0, which would represent 0.9% of the average total consumption expenditures as estimated from official data in 2001. The cost of non-subsidized ACT represented 7.0% of reported total annual expenditure on food and 33.0% of total annual expenditure on health care. "Rapid effect," "no adverse effect" and "inexpensive" were the most desired features of an anti-malarial drug. Conclusion WTP for ACT in this study was less than its real cost and a subsidy is, therefore, needed to enable its equitable affordability. The decision

  3. THE IMPORTANCE OF INNOVATION IN THE PERFORMANCE OF IPO PROCESSES THAT OCCURRED IN BRAZIL DURING THE LAST DECADE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Murilo Sampaio

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Innovation is a challenge sought by all economically developed societies. National systems articulate public and private resources so as to shape a more innovative society, capable of ideating and promoting processes, products and services with increasing levels of differentiation before those existing. The search for innovation and the creation of competitive advantages is even greater in the corporate environment, a microeconomic locus where innovation can be measured by efforts and results obtained. Likewise, the number of companies that seek to open themselves to the capital market with views to accumulating resources so as to sustain their strategic growth plans, increases. During the last decade, 245 companies opened their capital in Brazil but only 40% of these went to São Paulo´s Stock Exchange Market (Bovespa negotiate their shares. Upon making its Initial Public Offering (IPO the company has to expose to the stock exchange market its true situation in several areas which are ruled by the Securities and Exchange Commission (CVM. They produce extensive documentation in the form of a robust prospect that is made available to any potential investor. The prospect is known at the capital market as the source that portrays the largest amount of information concerning the company that announced their IPO. It is a legal document but, at the same time, one that in highlight contains, all the attributes and differentials that the company expects the market to evaluate. Thus, by means of secondary sources, all ground on the prospects of IPOs that took place, research was conducted to acknowledge the level of innovation each company presented at the time of their IPO and, at the same time, to measure the performance of the value of stocks that the respective IPO obtained. Subsequently a set of structured qualitative interviews posing to evaluate the results of the quantitative research, was conducted. The quantitative analysis of data collected

  4. Análise das práticas de evidenciação de informações obrigatórias, não-obrigatórias e avançadas nas demonstrações contábeis das sociedades anônimas no Brasil: um estudo comparativo dos exercícios de 2002 e 2005 Analysis of mandatory, non-mandatory and advanced information disclosure practices in financial statements of companies in Brazil: a comparative study between 2002 and 2005

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vera Maria Rodrigues Ponte

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available Em todo o mundo se discute sobre a transparência e a qualidade na divulgação das informações contábeis. No sentido de contribuir para esse debate, o presente estudo procura responder à seguinte questão de pesquisa: Quais as mudanças percebidas na evidenciação de informações obrigatórias, não-obrigatórias e avançadas praticada pelas sociedades anônimas no Brasil? Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória-descritiva, cujas amostras são de natureza não-probabilística acidental. Foram analisadas as demonstrações contábeis de 95 empresas, referentes ao exercício de 2002, e 119 alusivas ao exercício de 2005. No tocante aos itens recomendados pelos pareceres nos 15/87, 17/89 e 19/90 da CVM, a pesquisa revela a não-ocorrência de melhoria das práticas de disclosure das companhias estudadas. Com relação às informações contábeis de natureza avançada e não-obrigatória propugnadas pelas práticas de governança corporativa, verifica-se um avanço na sua evidenciação pelas empresas analisadas, que dispensam atenção especial à divulgação de suas práticas de responsabilidade social e do Balanço Social, das Demonstrações do Fluxo de Caixa (DFC e do Valor Adicionado (DVA.All over the world, there have been discussions on transparency and quality in the disclosure of accounting information. Aiming at contributing towards this debate, this study seeks to answer the following research question: What are the perceived changes in the disclosure of mandatory, non-mandatory and advanced accounting reporting experienced by companies in Brazil? Financial statements from 95 companies were assessed, referring to corporate annual reports of 2002 and from 119 companies referring to corporate annual reports of 2005. Concerning items recommended in rules numbers 15/87, 17/89 and 19/90 by the Brazilian Securities and Exchange Commission, this research reveals that there was no improvement in the disclosure practices of the companies

  5. Extração de eletrodo de marcapasso endocárdico permanente pela aplicação de radiofreqüência

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roberto COSTA

    1998-04-01

    Full Text Available Introdução: Uma nova opção terapêutica para a remoção de cabos-eletrodo endocárdicos permanentes desativados é apresentada, utilizando a radiofreqüência para facilitar a liberação do eletrodo a partir do endocárdio, permitindo a extração transvenosa do sistema. Os resultados obtidos nos 4 primeiros pacientes tratados são apresentados. Casuística: Quatro pacientes portadores de processos infecciosos em eletrodos transvenosos abandonados foram submetidos a procedimento para remoção do cateter. Todos os pacientes eram portadores de eletrodos de fixação passiva por aletas implantados no ventrículo direito de 8,5 a 18,8 anos (M = 12,9 ± 5,6 antes. Em todos os casos a técnica da tração contínua havia sido utilizada exaustivamente, não se conseguindo a remoção. Métodos: Utilizou-se gerador de radiofreqüência Radionics RFG3D com anodo de 85 cm2 justaposto ao dorso do paciente e usou-se como catodo o próprio eletrodo a ser removido. Concomitante à tração contínua do cabo-eletrodo a aplicação de radiofreqüência era iniciada. Para cada paciente foram realizadas até três aplicações de 50 W com um tempo máximo de aplicação de 60 segundos em cada aplicação. O tempo e a potência foram determinados empiricamente pela equipe médica, considerando-se insucesso a não liberação do eletrodo a partir do miocárdio após a aplicação do montante de energia acima descrito. Resultados: O cabo-eletrodo foi removido completamente em 2 pacientes. Em 1, a radiofreqüência dissolveu a solda do condutor à ponta do eletrodo, que ficou presa ao miocárdio e no último paciente não houve liberação do cabo após o uso da máxima energia preestabelecida. Não houve complicações ou óbitos. Conclusões: A radiofreqüência pode ser usada como opção terapêutica para a liberação transvenosa de eletrodos abandonados. Maior experiência deve ser obtida para determinar a energia que deve ser utilizada para maximizar os

  6. The genus Basilichthys (Teleostei: Atherinopsidae revisited along its Chilean distribution range (21° to 40° S using variation in morphologyand mtDNA El género Basilichthys (Teleostei: Atherinopsidae analizado a lo largo de su distribución en Chile (21° a 40° S, utilizando rasgos morfológicos y variabilidad del ADN mitocondrial

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    DAVID VÉLIZ

    2012-03-01

    peligro de extinción es el de los pejerreyes del género Basilichthys. A lo largo Chile, este género posee tres especies morfológicas con distribución disjunta: Basilichthys semotilus, B. microlepidotus y B. australis. Las dos últimas sobreponen su distribución en el río Aconcagua y no son fácilmente diferenciables morfológicamente. Para evaluar la eficacia en la identificación de estas especies al utilizar marcadores moleculares, se analizó el 9 % del ADN mitocondrial (Región Control y COI de organismos obtenidos desde el río Loa (21°41' S al río Valdivia (39°50' S y adicionando un análisis merístico en organismos pertenecientes a las especies B. microlepidotus y B. australis. El análisis filogenético muestra que los individuos de B. semotilus forman un haplogrupo separado de las otras especies del género, sin embargo, B. australis y B. microlepidotus serían parte de un mismo grupo monofilético. Un segundo análisis, el cual incluye información merística, no muestra diferencias estadísticas significativas en la cantidad de escamas de la línea lateral, y número de rayos en las aletas entre B. microlepidotus y B. australis. Estos resultados no sustentan la clasificación actual, separando claramente un grupo presente en el extremo norte del país (B. semotilus y un segundo grupo en Chile central el cual debería ser llamado B. microlepidotus. Esta información será importante para revisar el estado de conservación de la ictiofauna chilena.

  7. Alteraciones del desarrollo embrionario, poliaminas y estrés oxidativo inducidos por plaguicidas organofosforados en Rhinella Arenarum Alterations in embryonic development, polyamines and oxidative stress induced by organophosphates in Rhinella arenarum

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cecilia Inés Lascano

    2009-07-01

    Full Text Available Los plaguicidas organofosforados (OP son masivamente aplicados en el Alto Valle de Río Negro y Neuquén, afectando al ecosistema. Utilizamos un modelo embrionario de anfibios (Rhinella arenarum para estudiar mecanismos por los cuales OP como metilazinfos (MA y clorpirifos (CP podrían provocar teratogénesis. Los embriones fueron desarrollados en diferentes concentraciones de MA o CP hasta opérculo completo (OC, analizando: malformaciones, histología, glutatión reducido (GSH y enzimas antioxidantes, poliaminas, actividad de ornitina-decarboxilasa (ODC y proteínaquinasa- C (PKC. Ambos OP provocaron un incremento tiempo/concentración-dependiente de malformaciones, llegando a 100% de teratogénesis en estadios avanzados y a las mayores concentraciones, incluyendo: exogastrulación, curvaturas de aleta caudal, acortamiento axial, edema, y atrofia branquial. Se evidenció una condición de estrés oxidativo creciente: las enzimas GSH-dependientes (S-transferasa (GST, peroxidasa y reductasa fueron inducidas tempranamente a bajas concentraciones, pero inhibidas en el estadio de OC a altas concentraciones, junto con una caída significativa de GSH (62% para MA. MA incrementó significativamente (18X la actividad de ODC en OC, aumentando los niveles de putrescina (60% pero disminuyendo espermidina (56% y espermina (100%; CP disminuyó en estadios tempranos la actividad de ODC y niveles de poliaminas. La disminución de poliaminas podría deberse al incremento de degradación por poliamino-oxidasa, contribuyendo al estrés oxidativo inducido por OP. Esto causaría la disminución de GSH, y la activación de PKC en OC (55%, que participaría en el control positivo de GST y ODC. Finalmente, el estrés oxidativo y la disminución en los niveles de poliaminas podrían ser causantes de alteraciones del desarrollo embrionario.Organophosphate (OP pesticides are widely applied in the region of Alto Valle de Río Negro y Neuquén, affecting the ecosystem. We

  8. Selected Abstracts of the 2nd Congress of joint European Neonatal Societies (jENS 2017; Venice (Italy; October 31-November 4, 2017; Session "Neonatal Gastrointestinal Physiology and NEC"

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    --- Various Authors

    2017-10-01

    ENTEROCOLITIS • K.W. Olsson, R. SindelarABS 7. OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF EARLY STOOL FROM PRETERM INFANTS: IMPORTANT TO CONSIDER FOR ABDOMINAL OXIMETRY BASED ON NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY • H. Isler, D. Schenk, J. Bernhard, F. Scholkmann, S. Kleiser, D. Ostojic, D. Bassler, M. Wolf, T. KarenABS 8. STOOLING PATTERN AND GASTRIC RESIDUALS ARE NOT USEFUL TOOLS FOR EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF NECROTISING ENTEROCOLITIS IN PRETERM INFANTS • S. Carlsson, M. Domellöf, A. ElfvinABS 9. REFERENCE VALUES OF ZONULIN IN TERM NEONATES • A. Tarko, A. Suchojad, A. Jarosz-Lesz, M. Majcherczyk, M. Michalec, I. Maruniak-ChudekABS 10. DETERMINANTS OF THE NEED FOR TREATMENT IN PREMATURE INFANTS WITH SUSPECTED NECROTISING ENTEROCOLITIS • N. Bussmann, A. El-Khuffash, D. CorcoranABS 11. EFFECT OF ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS DURING REMOVAL OF A CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETER ON DEVELOPMENT OF THE NEONATAL INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA • E. d’Haens, R. Zwittink, C. Belzer, M. Hemels, R. van Lingen, I. Renes, J. Knol, D. van Zoeren-GrobbenABS 12. NEWBORNS WITH ULTRASOUND FINDING OF GAS IN HEPATIC PORTAL VENOUS SYSTEM: ANALYSIS OF RISK FACTORS, CLINICAL AND LABORATORY FINDINGS AND DEVELOPMENT OF ALLERGY • J. Lozar Krivec, A. Nyasha Zimani, N. Zupančič, D. Paro-PanjanABS 13. NEONATAL FECAL BIOMARKERS OF NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS • I. Tofé, M.V. Rodriguez-Benitez, C. Hernandez-Chirlaque, M. Gil-Campos, M.D. Ruiz-Gonzalez, A. MartinezABS 14. THE OPEN ABDOMEN: A CHALLENGE FOR NEONATOLOGISTS AND NEONATAL SURGEONS. THE KAROLINSKA EXPERIENCE • M. Bartocci, E. Palleri, A. Svenningsson, T. WesterABS 15. ANOGENITAL STIMULATION IN RATS DOES NOT INCREASE GASTRIC EMPTYING • C.H. Ferreira, J. BelikABS 16. THE PRETERM INFANT GASTRIC EMPTYING RATE IS DEPENDENT ON THE FEED VOLUME AND NOT ON POSTNATAL AGE • C.H. Ferreira, F.E. Martinez, G.C. Crott, J. BelikABS 17. NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS IN A NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT • M. Branco, I. Falcão, T. Lopes, E. Proença, A. Almeida, C. Carvalho, L. PinhoABS 18. SPONTANEOUS

  9. Evaluación de la reproducción inducida del blanquillo ( Sorubim cuspicaudus Littmann, Burr Nass, 2000 con ovaprim®.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Víctor Atencio G

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available El blanquillo ( Sorubim suspicaudus Littmann, Burr &Nass, 2000 presenta características de importanciapara la acuicultura, destacándose la calidad de sucarne y el alto valor comercial. No se reproduce enconfinamiento, por lo que es necesario sureproducción inducida con sustancias hormonales.Responde bien a la inducción con extracto de pituitariade capa (EPC; sin embargo, no se ha evaluado suinducción con extracto de análogos deGonodotropine Releasing Hormone de salmón(sGnRH-a y domperidone en un vehículo inerte. Porlo tanto, entre mayo y noviembre/02, se evaluó eldesempeño reproductivo del blanquillo inducido condiferentes dosificaciones de Ovaprim®: 0.25 (T2,0.050 (T3 y 0.75 ml/kg de peso vivo (T4, aplicadoen una sola dosificación, por inyección en la basede la aleta pectoral. Además, un grupo fue inducidocon 8 mg EPC/kg de peso vivo (TI, en dos inyeccionesde 10 y7 90% de la dosis total, con intervalo de 6horas, por vía intramuscular. Se indujeron entre seisy nueve hembras por tratamiento con igual númerode machos. El desempeño reproductivo fue evaluadomediante el índice de ovulación (hembras ovuladas/hembras tratadas, tasa de fertilización medida a las4 horas pos-eclosión (HPF, tasa de eclosión medidaa las 10 HPF y la fecundidad tanto absoluta comorelativa. El Ovaprim® mostró ser efectivo para inducirla ovulación del blanquillo en las dosificacionesevaluadas (0.25 a 0.75 mL/kg, con respuestassimilares en el desempeño reproductivo a lasobtenidas en EPC. La ovulación con Ovaprim® seobtuvo entre las 12.8 y 14.0 horas con temperaturapromedio del agua de 27.3ºC. El índice de ovulaciónosciló entre 66.7% (T2 y 83.3% (T3; la tasa defertilización osciló entre 88.0% (T3 y 42.0% (T1; latasa de eclosión osciló entre 83.7% (T3 y 40.3%(T1;la fecundidad absoluta osciló entre 40370.6 (T1 y82992.5 ovocitos/hembra (T2; la fecundad relativa,expresada en gramos de ovocitos/kg de hembra,osciló entre 32.1 (T3 y 63.1(T2; el di

  10. A study on value assessment of nuclear energy and quantification model development

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jun, Eun Ju

    2009-02-01

    Studies quantifying the contributions of nuclear energy to the countries that operate them are scant. The aim of this study, therefore, is to investigate both qualitatively and quantitatively these benefits, which have proven to be significant. We present estimates of the value of nuclear energy in terms of economics, the environment, security, and social issues, specifically for nuclear energy used in Korea. This study also suggests an approach to quantitatively measure and compare the value of energy ultimately for the generation of electricity from different energy sources Input-Output analysis was used to find out the economic contribution of energy sources. Nuclear energy contributes a similar amount of electricity that coal power plants do but, surprisingly, its value added GDP contribution is almost twice that of coal. Coal, oil, liquefied natural gas (LNG), and nuclear contribute 0.47%, 0.05%, 0.23%, and 0.92% to the value added GDP, respectively. While this may seem small, the four major industries in Korea - primary iron and steel products, semiconductors and related devices, motor vehicles, and petroleum refinery products - contributed 1.3%, 2.1%, 2.2%, and 2.9% to GDP in that same year, respectively. To measure the environmental effect, a carbon-tax scenario was used. Considering both health effects and the carbon-tax scenario, nuclear had the lowest environmental cost at 0.29 won/kWh. Coal had the highest at 24.47 won/kWh, followed by oil at 19.52 won/kWh, and LNG at 12.98 won/kWh. Therefore, if the carbon-tax (or some constraint) is imposed for future and current environmental concerns, nuclear energy's competitiveness will only increase. In spite of the importance of nuclear energy for electricity generation in Korea, the public's attitude towards nuclear energy is not favorable. This negative social perception was defined as the social cost of nuclear energy. To estimate it, a Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) was utilized. This method estimates the

  11. Biofeedback and the electromyographic activity of pelvic floor muscles in pregnant women Biofeedback na atividade eletromiográfica dos músculos do assoalho pélvico em gestantes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roberta L. A. Batista

    2011-10-01

    álise exploratória dos resultados de três sessões de biofeedback na atividade eletromiográfica em mulheres gestantes. MÉTODOS: Este estudo incluiu 19 gestantes nulíparas com gravidez de baixo risco. Foram realizadas três sessões de biofeedback eletromiográfico compostas por contrações lentas e rápidas, utilizando-se como método de avaliação dos resultados as médias das amplitudes normalizadas da eletromiografia (EMG de superfície. Para a análise estatística, utilizou-se o modelo de regressão linear com efeitos mistos, sendo que os dados da EMG foram normalizados pela contração voluntária máxima (CVM. RESULTADOS: Após as sessões de biofeedback, constatou-se um aumento crescente na amplitude eletromiográfica a cada contração realizada e a cada sessão, entretanto essa diferença só foi estatisticamente significante para a comparação entre a primeira contração tônica de cada sessão (p=0.03. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados obtidos indicam que três sessões de treinamento com biofeedback melhoraram a atividade eletromiográfica dos MAPs em gestantes de baixo risco no segundo trimestre. A efetividade do protocolo necessita ser futuramente investigada em estudo randomizado controlado.

  12. هم خوانی سن تقویمی و مورفولوژی مهره های گردنی در رادیوگرافی لترال سفالومتری در جمعیتی از ایران

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    فریدا عابسی

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available مقدمه: در برنامه‏ریزی درمانی برای بیماران ارتودنسی از مورفولوژی مهره‏های گردنی برای بررسی بلوغ اسکلتی استفاده می‏شود. هدف این مطالعه بررسی رابطه سن تقویمی و مراحل بلوغ مهره‏های گردنی بود. مواد و روش‏ها: در این مطالعه توصیفی- تحلیلی، 320 لترال سفالوگرام افراد در محدوده سنی 15-7 سال (160 پسر و 160 دختر در شهر بابل مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. افراد به 8 گروه سنی تقسیم شدند. از روش تغییریافته Baccetti برای بلوغ مهره‏های گردنی (CVM استفاده شد. ارزیابی شامل بررسی چشمی ویژگی‏های مورفولوژیکی سه مهره گردنی (مهره‏های دوم، سوم و چهارم گردن بود. آنالیز داده‏ها با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS با ویرایش 20 انجام شد. (05/0P≤ معنی‏دار تلقی گردید. یافته‏ها: ضریب همبستگی اسپیرمن بین سن تقویمی و مراحل بلوغ مهره‏های گردنی در کل نمونه‏ها 841/0 (001/0P

  13. Economic Evaluation and Impact Analysis of SMART

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jeong, K. H.; Kim, J. H.; Boo, K. D.; Park, S. B.

    2010-07-01

    The objective of this study is to analyze the economic value and contribution to the national economy of the SMART project. This study tries to evaluate three kinds of values of the project separately; national economy contribution, the financial cost-benefit analysis and intangible social benefit of the project. The research methods are Net Present Valuation (NPT) for the first analysis, Input-Output (IO) model for the second analysis and Contingent Valuation Method(CVM) for the last analysis. This study tries to answer for the following questions: (1) how much does the project affect on Korean national economy in area of construction, electricity generation and export? (2) what is the financial cost - benefit assessment of the SMART project which is of the most interest to the private sector constructing the reactor? (3) how much is the project's intangible social gains in that it brings Korea's scientific development in area of nuclear generation and improves Korea's global standing? Main Results of Research are (1) Domestic Construction and Electricity Generation of the 1st Reactor A. Contribution to the National Economy Production inducing effect by the domestic construction and generation of the 1st reactor amounts to 1,801 ∼2,059 billion won, value added inducing effect amounts to 789∼919 billion won, and employment inducing effect amounts to 11,015∼12, 856 men. B. Financial Cost-Benefit Assessment Financial cost - benefit of the domestic construction and generation of the 1st reactor turns out to be economically non-profitable from the point of view of private companies participating the project, by having economic loss over all scenarios of construction costs. C. Combining Financial Cost-Benefit Assessment and Contribution to the National Economy's Value-Added Combining financial cost - benefit and value added inducing effect of the domestic construction and generation of the 1st reactor turns out to be economically valid from the point of view of

  14. NILAI EKONOMI TOTAL KAMBING PERANAKAN ETAWAH (PE SISTEM KANDANG KELOMPOK DI DESA GIRIKERTO TURI SLEMAN (Total Economic Value Of Etawah Crossbreed Goat Of Village Group System : A Case Study in Girikerto Village in Turi Sleman

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tri Anggraeni Kusumastuti

    2008-03-01

    dan peningkatan biaya lingkungan (3.438.843.522 rupiah pertahun. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan perbaikan manajemen pemeliharaan menjadi prioritas yaitu nilai ekonomi total pada peningkatan produksi susu, perbaikan kidding interval, dan penurunan mortalitas lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada kondisi normal.   ABSTRACT The study was aimed to analyze Total Economic Value showing the amount of resource asset of  Etawah  crossbreed goat in village group system in Girikerto Village Turi Sleman. The sampling was carried out in census in three groups of cattle “Mandiri” in Ngangring hamlet, “Pangestu” in Kemirikebo hamlet, and “Sukorejo I” in Sukorejo hamlet of 116 samples. To count the Total Economic Value by identifying social benefit (direct use value, indirect use value or option value and social cost (direct cost or production cost, external cost, and relocation cost. The marketable benefit and cost approach used market price; while ones which are not marketed (the Willingness to Pay of society and farmers of PE Crossbreed goat with village group system and relocation cost (Willingness to Accept individual system goat farmers used Contingent Valuation Method (CVM. Sensitivity analysis included the adjustment of maintenance management, output and input price change, and environmental change. Total Economic Value in normal condition for the period of next 5 years (with assumption that there is population increasing each year in Animal Unit of 3.416.464.641 rupee annually. The priority of the reliability of Total Economic Value of Etawah crossbreed goat in the next 5 years in mortality decrease (4.111.611.671 rupee annually, goat selling price increase (3.814.291.873 rupee annually, milk production increase (3.756.830.268 rupee annually, kidding interval repaire (3.536.780.715 rupee annually, fresh milk price increase (3.534.635.862 rupee annually, the decrease of pollard price (3.438.843.522 rupee annually, environment benefit increase (3.417.191.446 rupee annually

  15. Comprometimento respiratório secundário a acidente ofídico crotálico (Crotalus durissus Respiratory abnormalities following Crotalus durissus snakebite

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Faria Santos Amaral

    1991-08-01

    Full Text Available São analisados três pacientes que apresentaram comprometimento da função respiratória após acidente por Crotalus durissus. As manifestações respiratórias surgiram nas primeiras 48 horas após a picada do ofídio e consistiram de dispnéia, taquipnéia, uso da musculatura acessória da respiração (casos 1 e 2 e batimento das aletas nasais (caso 2. Dois pacientes (casos 1 e 2 apresentaram insuficiência respiratória aguda. O diagnóstico desta complicação no caso 1 foi clínico pois o paciente apresentou apnéia. O paciente do caso 2, 24 horas após o acidente ofídico apresentou dificuldade respiratória intensa e períodos de apnéia sendo intubado, permanecendo em respiração espontânea. Houve agravamento dos sinais clínicos de insuficiência respiratória e a determinação de pH e gases do sangue arterial mostrou em relação ao exame inicial elevação da pressão parcial de gás carbônico (40 mmHg para 50,3 mm Hg caracterizando insuficiência ventilatória aguda. Ambos foram tratados com emprego de ventilação artificial mecânica, tendo o paciente do caso 1 permanecido no ventilador durante 33 dias e o do caso 2 durante 15 dias. Ambos desenvolveram insuficiência renal aguda, necessitaram de diálise peritoneal e recuperaram a função renal. A paciente do caso 3, apesar dos sintomas e sinais de comprometimento respiratório não apresentou alterações do pH e gases arteriais. Espirometria realizada 58 horas após o acidente mostrou capacidade vital forçada (CVF e volume espirado no primeiro segundo (VEF1 abaixo do previsto (60 e 67% respectivamente. As espirometrias realizadas nos dias subseqüentes evidenciaram melhora progressiva destes parâmetros. No 10º dia após o acidente constatou-se aumento de 20% da CVF e de 17% do VEF1 comparativamente ao exame inicial. A relação entre VEF1 e a CVF manteve-se praticamente inalterada e em valores próximos ao previsto, caracterizando distúrbio ventilatório do tipo

  16. An experimental and computational investigation of gas/particle flow in a vertical lifter

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mathisen, Anette

    2010-07-01

    mean axial and normal particle fluctuations and the particle cross moment are generally measured lower when using PIV. Simulations are performed using FluentR and the model Euler-Euler, where both phases are regarded as being continua. The kinetic theory of granular flow (KTGF) is included for the solids phase. Initially only the single transport pipe is simulated in 2d and 3d. The flow in this pipe is dilute and therefore the simulations which included KTGF and the Gidaspow drag model are compared to simulations enabling the constant viscosity model (CVM) and the Schiller-Naumann drag model. The results from the simulations show very little difference between the two simulations. Euler-Euler with KTGF 2d and 3d simulations are performed for all of the particle types. Little difference between 2d and 3d simulations are observed. A comparison between simulations and experimental results, LDA and PIV, showed good agreement for axial particle velocity for all of the particle types.

  17. Selected Abstracts of the 1st Congress of joint European Neonatal Societies (jENS 2015; Budapest (Hungary; September 16-20, 2015; Session “Circulation, O2 Transport and Haematology”

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Various Authors

    2015-09-01

    . Erickson-Owens, J. Mercer, D. Thulier, W. Oh, M. VanVleetABS 18. ASSOCIATION BETWEEN INDUCED LABOR AND FETAL STRESS HORMONE RELEASE • S. Wellmann, A. Koslowski, K. Spanaus, R. Zimmermann, T. BurkhardtABS 19. ASSESSMENT OF PULMONARY HEMODYNAMIC FUNCTION IN PRETERM INFANTS: MATURATIONAL PATTERNS OF PULMONARY ARTERY ACCELERATION TIME • M.D. Patel, A.T. James, P.J. McNamara, A. Jain, O. Franklin, A. Mathur, C. Lee, A. Hamvas, G.K. Singh, L. Mertens, P.T. LevyABS 20. LONGITUDINAL CARDIAC CHANGES IN PRETERM INFANTS WITH PROLONGED EXPOSURE TO A PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS • K. de Waal, N. PhadABS 21. NOVEL NON-INVASIVE MEASUREMENTS IN THE ASSESSMENT OF NORMAL CARDIOVASCULAR ADAPTATION IN TERM & NEAR TERM INFANTS • L. Mahoney, D. Wertheim, J.R. Fernandez Alvarez, N. Aiton, H. Rojas-Anaya, P. Seddon, H. RabeABS 22. PERFUSION INDEX USED AS A SIXTH VITAL SIGN IN PRETERM INFANTS LEADS TO EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF SHOCK AND BETTER OUTCOMES • D. Hariharan, G. Veluswami, L. Balasubramanian, V. Kannappan, R.M. SahadevanABS 23. EARLY CIRCULATORY AND RESPIRATORY PARAMETERS IN EXTREMELY PRETERM INFANTS • K.W. Olsson, R. Sindelar, A. JonzonABS 24. UK SURVEILLANCE OF SURGICAL LIGATION OF THE PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS (PDA IN PREMATURE BABIES PRIOR TO FIRST DISCHARGE HOME • A. Lakshmanan, L. Lee, T. Crosby, W. KelsallABS 25. CURRENT PRACTICES ON HEMODYNAMIC MONITORING IN NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE: AN INTERNATIONAL SURVEY • S. Vrancken, L. Frijns, K. Liem, J. Hopman, J. Lemson, A. van Heijst, W. de BoodeABS 26. NON-INVASIVE ASSESSMENT OF DIASTOLIC MYOCARDIAL PROPERTIES IN ELBW NEONATES • T. Kovacs, G. Mogyorosy, A. Kertesz, A. Borbely, Z. Papp, Gy. BallaABS 27. PRIOR CLINICAL DESCRIPTION BIASES ASSESSMENT OF CAPILLARY REFILL TIME • E. Murphy, S. Coleman, S. Hill, C. Henry, D. Morris, D. SharkeyABS 28. AFTERLOAD REDUCTION IN CATECHOLAMINE-RESISTANT SHOCK IN EXTREME PREMATURITY: NOVEL THERAPY WITH OLD DRUG FOR AN UNRECOGNIZED FACTOR IN SHOCK • D. Hariharan, G. Veluswami, L

  18. The silurian and devonian vertebrates of Bolivia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    1986-01-01

    en otros lugares, en el Silúrico-Devónico de Europa y de América del Norte Sin embargo, algunas espinas aisladas hacen pensar en el género Sinacanthus del Devónico inferior de China. Los Placodermos son representados por el Rhenanido Bolivosteus chacomensis Goujet et al, conocido por dos neurocráneos bien conservados Este género es muy similar a Gemuendina (Devónico inferior de Alemania por la forma general del neurocráneo, aunque su cinturón pectoral difiere netamente Los Chondrichthyos se encuentran entre los Vertebrados más abundantes del Devónico de Bolivia. Se caracterizan por espinas aisladas y elementos endoesqueléticos recubiertos de cartílago calcificado prismático. Entre ellos, regiones occipitales aisladas del neurocráneo se asocian aquí a Pucapampella rodrigas n g., n sp , porque se diferencian de todos los neurocráneos conocidos de Chondrichthyos devónicos, principalmente por su fisura occipital continua ventralmente que los separa completamente del resto del cráneo Su superficie ventral fuertemente cóncava evoca sobretodo a los Chimeroideos y hace pensar que pueden haber pertenecido a algún Bradyodonte primitivo. Los Actinopterygios sólo son representados por algunas escamas aisladas, del final del Devónico, las cuales sugieren el género Moythomasia Los restos de Vertebrados más abundantes en los nodulos del Devónico de Bolivia son extraños elementos óseos en forma de zampona, atribuidos aquí al género Zamponiopteron n.g Estos elementos que nunca han sido descritos en otros lugares salvo en Bolivia, se pueden interpretar como aletas pares anquilosadas de algún Chondrichthyos desconocido. Se ha reconocido tres especies en este género, pero éstas corresponden solamente a tipos morfológicos y no existe ninguna certeza acerca de su pertenencia a especies biológicas diferentes. Toda conclusión general de orden paleobiogeográfico sobre esta fauna sería prematura Sin embargo, cabe señalar que ella abarca una mezcla de

  19. The Application of Various Nondestructive Testing Methods to Fuel Elements of the Orgel Type; Application des Differentes Methodes d'Essais Non Destructifs aux Elements Combustibles du Type Orgel; Primenenie razlichnykh nedestruktivnykh metodov ispytanij k toplivnym ehlementam tipa ''orgel''; Aplicacion de Distintos Metodos de Ensayo No Destructivo a los Elementos Combustibles de Tipo Orgel

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bonnet, P.; Jansen, J. [EURATOM, C.C.R., Ispra (Italy)

    1965-09-15

    y externos empleando captadores neumaticos, y registro de los resultados. 2. Medicion de espesores empleando metodos de resonancia ultrasonica o bien rayos y (contrato Euratom- Istituto Sperimentale Metalli Leggeri). 3. Control de la flecha. 4. Ensayos con tubos de aletas. La deteccion de fallas en vainas lisas ha sido tambien objeto de trabajos y se ha adoptado un criterio de rechazo segun la finalidad a que las vainas se destinan. a) Se estudiara la creacion de defectos artificiales, en funcion de la nocividad de los defectos reales en el SAP. Los estudios preliminares han puesto de manifiesto una gran sensibilidad a los defectos longitudinales, creados generalmente al producirse la transformacion, y debidos a inclusiones de gran tamano. b) Ensayos con metodos ultrasonicos. Defectos longitudinales: Se compara el metodo de 2 captadores con el de un solo captador y se ponen de manifiesto las limitaciones inherentes a la utilizacion de cada uno de ellos. Defectos transversales: Se presenta una breve descripcion del metodo de captador unico aplicado a este problema. Arrastre mecanico: Se describe un banco mecanico tipo laboratorio para estudiar los criterios de ensayo y un banco de tipo semi-industrial para pasaje de los tubos e inspeccion continua de los mismos, con registro de los defectos. Se explican las dificultades con que se tropezo en su construccion y puesta a punto, y los medios empleados para superarlas. c) Ensayos radiograficos. Este metodo sera objeto de una memoria especial; se senalan aquf solamente los resultados obtenidos en tubos de fuerza o vainas. d) Ensayos diversos. Los ensayos finales con elementos combustibles completos pueden clasificarse en dos categorias: Bruebas de estanqueidad empleando helio, desarrolladas por la SOGEV. Un dispositivo permite inspeccionar al mismo tiempo 4 o 6 elementos combustibles, o bien 2 o 3 por separado. Ensayos radiograficos clasicos. Se hace hincapie en el estudio de las soldaduras y se establecen las condiciones

  20. Fabrication and Testing of Prototype APM-Clad UO{sub 2} Fuel Elements; Fabrication et essai de prototypes de cartouches de combustible en bioxyde d'uranium gaine d'aluminium (APM); Izgotovlenie i ispytanie prototipa toplivnykh ehlementov na osnove UO{sub 2} s obolochkoj iz alyuminiya metodom poroshkovoj metallurgii; Elaboracion y ensayo de elementos combustibles prototipo de UO{sub 2} con revestimiento de aluminio sinterizado

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ballif, III, J. L.; Friske, W. H.; Gordon, R. B. [Atomics International, Canoga Park, California (United States)

    1963-11-15

    compatibilidad entre el material PMA y el UO{sub 2} . De estos trabajos, se deduce que, en las condiciones actuales, el metodo de union eutectica es el mas adecuado para cerrar los extremos de los revestimientos; con la compresion vibratoria, se obtuvieron densidades del combustible del orden del 80 al 88% del valor teorico, y no se produjo reaccion alguna entre el material PMA y el UO{sub 2} en el intervalo de temperaturas de funcionamiento del POPR (temperatura maxima de 850{sup o}F en la superficie de separacion entre el combustible y el revestimiento). Como resultado de estos trabajos, se han elaborado cinco elementos combustibles prototipo de UO{sub 2}, revestido con material PMA, para ensayarlos en el reactor experimental de moderador organico (OMRE). Cada elemento esta compuesto por 24 o 25 barras de combustible revestidas de material PMA, dispuestas en grupos de 5 x 5 en una caja para combustible de acero niquelado o de material PMA. Con el proposito de aumentar la superficie, el revestimiento extruido de material PMA lleva ocho aletas dispuestas en espiral con un paso de 45 o 90{sup o}/pie , cuya funcion es mejorar la transmision de calor. Los cierres de los extremos de las barras de combustible se han realizado por union eutectica de tapones de aluminio plateado a los tubos de material PMA. Los elementos combustibles estan dotados de instrumentos para: 1 . Medir las temperaturas de la superficie del revestimiento y del refrigerante; 2. Detectar defectos de las barras de combustible; 3 . Modificar la velocidad del refrigerante (como medio para obtener una temperatura maxima de la superficie del revestimiento de 850{sup o}F); 4. Medir la velocidad del refrigerante; 5. Medir la acumulacion de gases de fision. Dichos elementos se instalaron en e l reactor OMRE con el proposito de obtener grados de combustion de 25 000 a 30 000 MWd/t de uranio. El 1- de abril de 1963 habian alcanzado grados de combustion acumulativos que oscilaban entre 7700 y 12 000 MWd/t de uranio. Dos de

  1. Selected Abstracts of the 2nd Congress of joint European Neonatal Societies (jENS 2017; Venice (Italy; October 31-November 4, 2017; Session "Neonatal Pulmonology, Neonatal Respiratory Support, Resuscitation"

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    --- Various Authors

    2017-10-01

    INFANT • G. Olariu, S. Olariu, M. TunescuABS 39. HELPING BABIES BREATHE, SECOND EDI­TION: STRENGTHENING THE PROGRAM TO INCREASE GLOBAL NEWBORN SURVIVAL • B. Kamath-Rayne, M. Visick, W. Keenan, G. Little, N. Singhal, S. NiermeyerABS 40. EXPRESSION OF THE HYALURONAN RECEPTOR RHAMM IN BRONCHIOLAR EPITHELIUM OF NEONATES NEGATIVELY CORRELATES WITH AIR CONTENT IN THE LUNG • L. Markasz, G. Sedin, R.C. Savani, R. SindelarABS 41. SUDDEN VERSUS PRESSURE WEAN FROM NASAL CPAP IN VERY PRETERM INFANTS: A MULTICENTER RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL • C.F. Jensen, F. Ebbesen, A.S. Sørensen, T.B. HenriksenABS 42. BIPAP REDUCES EXTUBATION FAILURE IN THE FIRST WEEK COMPARED TO CPAP IN NEONATES < 30 WEEK OF GESTATIONAL AGE WITHOUT INCREASED RISK OF PNEUMO­THORAX • L. Capasso, A.C. Borrelli, M.A. Caiazzo, C. Parrella, R. Albachiara, F. RaimondiABS 43. RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH CPAP FAILURE IN VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTS • D. Dobryanskyy, O. Borysiuk, L. Sekretar, S.Yaremchuk, S. Vereshchak, Z. SalabayABS 44. EFFECTS OF PASSIVE SMOKING ON LUNG FUNCTION TESTS IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN BORN LATE-PRETERM • A. Günlemez, I. Er, C. Baydemir, A.E. Arısoy, A.S. GökalpABS 45. THE EFFECT OF SUSTAINED LUNG INFLATION ON EARLY RESPIRATORY OUTCOMES IN TERM INFANTS • M. Cetinkaya, D. Kilic, S.Y. Semerci, B. Cebeci, O. SaglamABS 46. PCO2 LEVELS AND CLINICAL AND NEURO­DEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOMES OF EXTREMELY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTS • U.H. Thome, J. Dreyhaupt, O. Genzel-Boroviczeny, B. Bohnhorst, M. Schmid, H. Fuchs, O. Rohde, S. Avenarius, H.G. Topf, A. Zimmermann, D. Faas, K. Timme, B. Kleinlein, H. Buxmann, W. Schenk, H. Segerer, N. Teig, F. Pulzer, R. Hentschel, M. Heckmann, R. Schlösser, J. Peters, R. Rossi, W. Rascher, R. Böttger, J. Seidenberg, G. Hansen, M. Zernickel, R. Muche, H.D. Hummler, for the PHELBI Study GroupABS 47. AIR RETRIEVAL OF A NEWBORN BABY BORN WITH SEVERE CONGENITAL CARDIAC DEFECT • B. Carter, J. Tan, D. Wagh, J. Davis, R. PalABS 48. COMPARISON OF NIPPV AND NCPAP