Evaluation of the open vial method in the radon measurement; Evaluacion del metodo del vial abierto en la medicion de radon

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lopez del Rio, H.; Davila R, J. I.; Mireles G, F., E-mail: hlopezdelrio@hotmail.com [Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas, Unidad Academica de Estudios Nucleares, Cipres No. 10, Fracc. La Penuela, 98068 Zacatecas (Mexico)

2014-10-15

The open vial method is a simple technique, under-utilized but that take advantage of the great radon solubility in organic solvents, therefore applies in the measurement of the radon concentration exhaled in soil. The method consists on the exposition to the gas radon of an open vial with scintillating solution. An integral mathematical model for indoors that describes the emanation processes and gas radon exhalation was developed, as well as the radon dissolution in the scintillation liquid, besides obtaining the characteristic parameters of the experimental system proposed for the radon concentration calculation exhaled by soils. Two experimental arrangements were designed with exposition cameras of 12 and 6 L and quantity of different soil. The open vial was prepared with a mixture of 8 ml of deionized water and 12 ml of scintillation liquid OptiPhase Hi Safe 3 in polyethylene vials; the measurements of the dissolved radon were carried out in scintillation liquid equipment. As a result, on average 2.0% of the exhaled radon is dissolved in the open vial and the dissolved fraction is independent of the experimental arrangement. Also was observed that the exposition time does not affect the radon dissolution significantly, in correspondence with the reported in the literature. (Author)

Analysis of pressurization of plutonium oxide storage vials during a postulated fire

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Laurinat, J.; Kesterson, M.; Hensel, S.

2015-02-10

The documented safety analysis for the Savannah River Site evaluates the consequences of a postulated 1000 °C fire in a glovebox. The radiological dose consequences for a pressurized release of plutonium oxide powder during such a fire depend on the maximum pressure that is attained inside the oxide storage vial. To enable evaluation of the dose consequences, pressure transients and venting flow rates have been calculated for exposure of the storage vial to the fire. A standard B vial with a capacity of approximately 8 cc was selected for analysis. The analysis compares the pressurization rate from heating and evaporation of moisture adsorbed onto the plutonium oxide contents of the vial with the pressure loss due to venting of gas through the threaded connection between the vial cap and body. Tabulated results from the analysis include maximum pressures, maximum venting velocities, and cumulative vial volumes vented during the first 10 minutes of the fire transient. Results are obtained for various amounts of oxide in the vial, various amounts of adsorbed moisture, different vial orientations, and different surface fire exposures.

The effect of cool water pack preparation on vaccine vial temperatures in refrigerators.

Science.gov (United States)

Goldwood, Geneva; Diesburg, Steven

2018-01-02

Cool water packs are a useful alternative to ice packs for preventing unintentional freezing of vaccines during outreach in some situations. Current guidelines recommend the use of a separate refrigerator for cooling water packs from ambient temperatures to prevent possible heat degradation of adjacent vaccine vials. To investigate whether this additional equipment is necessary, we measured the temperatures that vaccine vials were exposed to when warm water packs were placed next to vials in a refrigerator. We then calculated the effect of repeated vial exposure to those temperatures on vaccine vial monitor status to estimate the impact to the vaccine. Vials were tested in a variety of configurations, varying the number and locations of vials and water packs in the refrigerator. The calculated average percentage life lost during a month of repeated warming ranged from 20.0% to 30.3% for a category 2 (least stable) vaccine vial monitor and from 3.8% to 6.0% for a category 7 (moderate stability) vaccine vial monitor, compared to 17.0% for category 2 vaccine vial monitors and 3.1% for category 7 vaccine vial monitors at a constant 5 °C. The number of vials, number of water packs, and locations of each impacted vial warming and therefore percentage life lost, but the vaccine vial monitor category had a higher impact on the average percentage life lost than any of the other parameters. The results suggest that damage to vaccines from repeated warming over the course of a month is not certain and that cooling water packs in a refrigerator where vaccines are being stored may be a useful practice if safe procedures are established. Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Device for treating plastic counting vials containing radioactive liquids

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Neidhart, B.; Brindoepke, H.W.; Flocke, W.; Kringe, K.P.; Lippmann, C.H.

1985-01-01

The treatment consists of separating the radioactive contents of the counting vial from its plastic components. The apparatus consists of a device for continuously supplying the counting vials to be treated, a means for crushing the vials into chips of plastic and a facility by means of which the radioactive contents of the counting vial and the separated plastic chips are collected separately from one another. A stirring assembly with a motor-driven stirrer and an alignment device are also provided. The radioactive substances pass through a sieve while the plastic chips slide down the sieve chute and into another container. All the metal parts of the facility are of stainless steel. The plastic chips collected in the sieve holder are washed and, after drying, are removed as negligibly radioactive solids. The weakly radioactive wash liquid is separated and collected. (orig./PW)

Determination of low tritium activities, selection of suitable scintillator and measuring vials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tomasek, M.

1996-01-01

The scintillator cocktails tested were limited to scintillators highly miscible with water and included alkylnaphthalene-based scintillators exhibiting low toxicity and easy biodegradability. The following vials were tested: a vial of glass with reduced potassium content, a conventional polyethylene vial, and a teflon-coated polyethylene vial. Each combination was measured in triplicate: two samples of tritium-free water as the background and one sample with the standard tritium content. The best results were obtained when using a combination of the Ultima Gold LLT scintillator and the polyethylene vial. (M.D.) 2 tabs., 2 figs., 6 refs

Characterization of surface properties of glass vials used as primary packaging material for parenterals.

Science.gov (United States)

Ditter, Dominique; Mahler, Hanns-Christian; Roehl, Holger; Wahl, Michael; Huwyler, Joerg; Nieto, Alejandra; Allmendinger, Andrea

2018-04-01

The appropriate selection of adequate primary packaging, such as the glass vial, rubber stopper, and crimp cap for parenteral products is of high importance to ensure product stability, microbiological quality (integrity) during storage as well as patient safety. A number of issues can arise when inadequate vial material is chosen, and sole compliance to hydrolytic class I is sometimes not sufficient when choosing a glass vial. Using an appropriate pre-treatment, such as surface modification or coating of the inner vial surface after the vial forming process the glass container quality is often improved and interactions of the formulation with the surface of glass may be minimized. This study aimed to characterize the inner surface of different type I glass vials (Exp33, Exp51, Siliconized, TopLyo™ and Type I plus®) at the nanoscale level. All vials were investigated topographically by colorimetric staining and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Glass composition of the surface was studied by Time-of-Flight - Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity of the inner surface was assessed by dye tests and surface energy measurements. All containers were studied unprocessed, as received from the vendor, i.e. in unwashed and non-depyrogenized condition. Clear differences were found between the different vial types studied. Especially glass vials without further surface modifications, like Exp33 and Exp51 vials, showed significant (I) vial-to-vial variations within one vial lot as well as (II) variations along the vertical axis of a single vial when studying topography and chemical composition. In addition, differences and heterogeneity in surface energy were found within a given tranche (circumferential direction) of Exp51 as well as Type I plus® vials. Most consistent quality was achieved with TopLyo™ vials. The present comprehensive characterization of surface properties of the

Optimizing human semen cryopreservation by reducing test vial volume and repetitive test vial sampling

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jensen, Christian F S; Ohl, Dana A; Parker, Walter R

2015-01-01

OBJECTIVE: To investigate optimal test vial (TV) volume, utility and reliability of TVs, intermediate temperature exposure (-88°C to -93°C) before cryostorage, cryostorage in nitrogen vapor (VN2) and liquid nitrogen (LN2), and long-term stability of VN2 cryostorage of human semen. DESIGN......: Prospective clinical laboratory study. SETTING: University assisted reproductive technology (ART) laboratory. PATIENT(S): A total of 594 patients undergoing semen analysis and cryopreservation. INTERVENTION(S): Semen analysis, cryopreservation with different intermediate steps and in different volumes (50......-1,000 μL), and long-term storage in LN2 or VN2. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Optimal TV volume, prediction of cryosurvival (CS) in ART procedure vials (ARTVs) with pre-freeze semen parameters and TV CS, post-thaw motility after two- or three-step semen cryopreservation and cryostorage in VN2 and LN2. RESULT...

Economic and microbiologic evaluation of single-dose vial extension for hazardous drugs.

Science.gov (United States)

Rowe, Erinn C; Savage, Scott W; Rutala, William A; Weber, David J; Gergen-Teague, Maria; Eckel, Stephen F

2012-07-01

The update of US Pharmacopeia Chapter in 2008 included guidelines stating that single-dose vials (SDVs) opened and maintained in an International Organization for Standardization Class 5 environment can be used for up to 6 hours after initial puncture. A study was conducted to evaluate the cost of discarding vials after 6 hours and to further test sterility of vials beyond this time point, subsequently defined as the beyond-use date (BUD). Financial determination of SDV waste included 2 months of retrospective review of all doses prescribed. Additionally, actual waste log data were collected. Active and control vials (prepared using sterilized trypticase soy broth) were recovered, instead of discarded, at the defined 6-hour BUD. The institution-specific waste of 19 selected SDV medications discarded at 6 hours was calculated at $766,000 annually, and tracking waste logs for these same medications was recorded at $770,000 annually. Microbiologic testing of vial extension beyond 6 hours showed that 11 (1.86%) of 592 samples had one colony-forming unit on one of two plates. Positive plates were negative at subsequent time points, and all positives were single isolates most likely introduced during the plating process. The cost of discarding vials at 6 hours was significant for hazardous medications in a large academic medical center. On the basis of microbiologic data, vial BUD extension demonstrated a contamination frequency of 1.86%, which likely represented exogenous contamination; vial BUD extension for the tested drugs showed no growth at subsequent time points and could provide an annual cost savings of more than $600,000.

ANÁLISE GEOAMBIENTAL DA BACIA DO GUARAPIRANGA, REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DE SÃO PAULO, PARA UMA AVALIAÇÃO DA PRODUÇÃO DE SEDIMENTOS E ASSOREAMENTO DO RESERVATÓRIO CORRESPONDENTEPAULO: PRODUÇÃO DE SEDIMENTOS E ASSOREAMENTO DO RESERVATÓRIO

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William de Queiroz

2015-03-01

Full Text Available A atual crise da água, resultante da perda qualitativa e quantitativa dos mananciais e do aumento das necessidades de suprimento, caracteriza o reservatório Guarapiranga, o segundo maior manancial do sistema de abastecimento da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo – RMSP, como um dos exemplos mais críticos. O problema da degradação da água armazenada nesse reservatório é gerado, sobretudo, pela contaminação por esgoto, mas também é provocado pela perda de volume, devida ao assoreamento. Este processo, considerado um efeito do desequilíbrio ambiental na bacia, devido à ocupação, é o objeto deste trabalho que aborda a análise do potencial de produção de sedimentos da bacia contribuinte. Neste sentido, foi realizada uma análise comparativa do comportamento das sub-bacias quanto à erosão, à transferência e produção de sedimentos, que revelou que as sub-bacias de grande porte constituem as principais fontes de sedimentos do reservatório.  Entretanto, suas configurações geomorfológicas de atenuação do relevo, das cabeceiras para o reservatório, com a formação de extensas planícies aluvionares até as desembocaduras, favorecem a retenção dos sedimentos, sobretudo os mais grosseiros, permitindo que apenas sedimentos em suspensão possam contribuir para assorear o fundo do reservatório. Dentre estas sub-bacias destaca-se a do Embu Mirim. Por outro lado, embora com taxas de produção menores, as sub-bacias de menor porte, junto ao reservatório, quando ocupadas por áreas urbanas, como a do Guavirutuba, produzem localmente deltas que avançam no reservatório. Este quadro sugere um assoreamento de fundo generalizado, com camadas de sedimentos finos, acrescido de deltas de sedimentos mais grossos nas desembocaduras das pequenas sub-bacias ocupadas, junto ao reservatório. Conclui-se que as áreas próximas ao reservatório são as áreas geoambientalmente mais sensíveis à ocupação do solo com respeito ao

Evaluation of the open vial method in the radon measurement

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lopez del Rio, H.; Davila R, J. I.; Mireles G, F.

2014-10-01

The open vial method is a simple technique, under-utilized but that take advantage of the great radon solubility in organic solvents, therefore applies in the measurement of the radon concentration exhaled in soil. The method consists on the exposition to the gas radon of an open vial with scintillating solution. An integral mathematical model for indoors that describes the emanation processes and gas radon exhalation was developed, as well as the radon dissolution in the scintillation liquid, besides obtaining the characteristic parameters of the experimental system proposed for the radon concentration calculation exhaled by soils. Two experimental arrangements were designed with exposition cameras of 12 and 6 L and quantity of different soil. The open vial was prepared with a mixture of 8 ml of deionized water and 12 ml of scintillation liquid OptiPhase Hi Safe 3 in polyethylene vials; the measurements of the dissolved radon were carried out in scintillation liquid equipment. As a result, on average 2.0% of the exhaled radon is dissolved in the open vial and the dissolved fraction is independent of the experimental arrangement. Also was observed that the exposition time does not affect the radon dissolution significantly, in correspondence with the reported in the literature. (Author)

Inventarios viales y categorización de la red vial en estudios de Ingeniería de Tránsito y Transporte

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Julián Rodrigo Quintero

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Se presentan las principales consideraciones y los aspectos técnicos fundamentales de la elaboración de Inventarios Viales y la Categorización de la Red Vial, aplicadas a la realización de estudios de ingeniería de tránsito y transporte. Se exponen los aspectos generales relacionados con la elaboración de los inventarios de infraestructura vial, de señalización y dispositivos de control, de estacionamientos, de paraderos y de rutas de transporte público colectivo urbano de pasajeros, como una herramienta práctica para complementar los procedimientos de campo y optimizar los procesos y análisis de resultados orientados a identificar, caracterizar y cuantificar las variables relacionadas con el desarrollo del fenómeno del tránsito y la actividad del transporte.

A method for determining leakage of 133Xe gas from septum-sealed glass vials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

McAllister, J.R.; Borak, T.B.; Pellicciarini, D.W.

2000-01-01

The authors have developed a method for determining the leakage of 133 Xe gas from septum-sealed glass vials that are supplied for medical examinations. Twenty vials each originally containing 370 MPq of 133 Xe and 20 vials each originally containing 740 MBq 133 Xe were measured daily for 26 d. Retention of 133 Xe within the vial was modeled as a first order process with a constant rate coefficient, λ T . The value of λ T was estimated for each vial using a regression analysis. The leakage rate, λ L , was then determined assuming that λ L = λ L + λ r where λ r represents the physical decay of 133 Xe. Monte Carlo simulations were performed using uncertainties in the estimates of each vial to obtain the mean and tails of the distribution for the average leakage rate, bar λ L . the average leakage rate for the complete sample of vials was 0.00007 d -1 with an upper, one-sided, 95% confidence limit of 0.0011 d -1 . Uncertainties in the published values of λ r for 133 Xe made a significant contribution to the uncertainties of the leakage rate for this sample of vials. The methods described can be applied to other situations where leakage of radioactive materials may be of concern

Recovery of Pu from PVC vials and bottles used for sample storage

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Purohit, Paru; Bhide, M.K.; Kulkarni, M.J.; Kumar, Mithlesh; Adya, V.C.; Hon, N.S.; Kadam, R.M.; Nathaniel, Newton; Natarajan, V.

2011-01-01

Plutonium in the form of oxide is stored in plastic vials and bottles during its analysis for trace metal as say. Due to radiation damage and moisture, small amount of oxide samples were found to be adhering to surface of vials/ bottles. This required methods for safe disposal. Methods involving wet chemical and dry cleaning procedures were evaluated for effective removal of sticking α active plutonium oxide powder from these vials for their safe disposal. Dry cleaning method for removal of plutonium activity was found to be effective method for disposal of storage vial, while wet chemical method was found to be more suitable for removal of plutonium from damaged PVC bottles. (author)

Determination of 226Ra by gamma spectrometry: study of packaging vial of sample for analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Carneiro, Andre Cavalcanti

2015-01-01

Determination of radioactivity levels of 226 Ra by gamma spectrometry in a sample is based on measurements of 214 Pb and 214 Bi, daughters of 222 Rn. Because radon is a gas, it can leak from the sample vial or accumulate on the upper empty it. If the vial has any crack, there will be loss of gas, which will cause error in determining the 226 Ra concentration. One possible cause of cracks in the vials, that houses standards and samples, is the radiolysis action in the vial material, usually a polymer. As the demand 226 Ra analysis in different matrices (geological samples, food, plants, etc.) is increasing, it was decided to study some polymer vials available on the market, to verify the feasibility to be used when is applied the analysis method using gamma spectrometry. Four types of polymer vials have been studied. The radiation doses in walls of the vials caused by natural radionuclides present in the sample were simulated using gamma irradiation. Tests, such as compressive strength test and tightness, were applied to the irradiated and non-irradiated vials. First, to verify the effect of radiolysis on the vial material and also if there was 222 Rn diffusion in their walls. These preliminary results pointed out that the acrylic vials are the best option of packaging samples for analysis. This study should be repeated in a larger number of samples for a better evaluation. (author)

Contribuição das fontes de sedimentos em uma bacia hidrográfica agrícola sob plantio direto

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Tales Tiecher

2014-04-01

Full Text Available O conhecimento das principais fontes difusas de produção de sedimento pode aumentar a eficiência de utilização dos recursos públicos, investidos em estratégias de gestão em bacias hidrográficas, que visem mitigar a transferência de sedimentos aos cursos d'água. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar as fontes de sedimentos numa bacia hidrográfica rural de cabeceira com predomínio de cultivos anuais sob plantio direto e com intensa e inadequada exploração dos recursos naturais, por meio da quantificação da contribuição relativa das estradas e das lavouras na produção global de sedimentos. A bacia hidrográfica está localizada no município de Júlio de Castilhos, Rio Grande do Sul. O período de estudo foi de maio de 2009 a abril de 2011. Para a identificação das fontes, foi utilizado o método fingerprinting, que compara os solos de diferentes fontes e os sedimentos que são encontrados em suspensão no canal de drenagem, usando elementos traçadores. O manejo inadequado do solo nas áreas de lavoura, a falta de planejamento das vias de acesso e a ausência de práticas de controle do escoamento superficial, que sejam compatíveis com a fragilidade condicionada pelos solos e pelo relevo da bacia hidrográfica, têm provocado o surgimento de processos erosivos acelerados com efeitos negativos ao agricultor e à sociedade. As estradas apresentam alta porcentagem de contribuição na transferência de sedimentos, mas a contribuição das áreas de lavoura aumenta em precipitações pluviais de alta magnitude. Isso evidencia que a magnitude dos eventos de chuva influencia a proporção de contribuição entre as fontes ao longo do ano na bacia hidrográfica, interferindo no processo de mobilização de sedimentos e nutrientes em direção à rede de drenagem.

Inventarios viales y categorización de la red vial en estudios de Ingeniería de Tránsito y Transporte

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Julián Rodrigo Quintero

2011-11-01

Full Text Available Se presentan las principales consideraciones y los aspectos técnicos fundamentales de la elaboración de Inventarios Viales y la Categorización de la Red Vial, aplicadas a la realización de estudios de ingeniería de tránsito y transporte. Se exponen los aspectos generales relacionados con la elaboración de los inventarios de infraestructura vial, de señalización y dispositivos de control, de estacionamientos, de paraderos y de rutas de transporte público colectivo urbano de pasajeros, como una herramienta práctica para complementar los procedimientos de campo y optimizar los procesos y análisis de resultados orientados a identificar, caracterizar y cuantificar las variables relacionadas con el desarrollo del fenómeno del tránsito y la actividad del transporte.

Bahía de Cartagena (Colombia: distribución de sedimentos superficiales y ambientes sedimentarios

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Juan C Restrepo

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Se analizó la distribución espacial y las principales características texturales de 234 muestras de sedimentos superficiales de la bahía de Cartagena. Para caracterizar los ambientes de depósito en el fondo de la bahía se aplicaron tres funciones discriminantes para diferenciar entre: (i depósitos de playa y marino somero agitado, (ii depósitos fluviales y marino someros, y (iii depósitos fluviales influenciados por corrientes de turbidez. Los sedimentos predominantes fueron lodos medios (5,35 ± 1,2 φ, pobremente clasificados (σ = 1,63 ± 0,8, con notable asimetría (Sk = -0,052 ± 0.2 y curtosis (k de 0,84 ± 0,4. Se encontró dos tipos principales de depósitos recientes en la bahía de Cartagena: marino somero agitado, de dominio fluvial, y depósitos de corrientes de turbidez, de dominio fluvial. Los contenidos más bajos de arena (<5% se encontraron a lo largo de un eje latitudinal que va desde el prodelta del Canal del Dique hasta el extremo occidental de isla de Tierrabomba. Los contenidos de CaCO3 de los depósitos sedimentarios fueron menores al 10%. Los sedimentos calcáreos autógenos han sido cubiertos por sedimentos finos de origen terrígeno transportados por el Canal del Dique, el cual tiene un papel más activo y predominante en la sedimentación de la bahía de lo que se ha señalado previamente.

Polyglycerol coatings of glass vials for protein resistance.

Science.gov (United States)

Höger, Kerstin; Becherer, Tobias; Qiang, Wei; Haag, Rainer; Friess, Wolfgang; Küchler, Sarah

2013-11-01

Proteins are surface active molecules which undergo non-specific adsorption when getting in contact with surfaces such as the primary packaging material. This process is critical as it may cause a loss of protein content or protein aggregation. To prevent unspecific adsorption, protein repellent coatings are of high interest. We describe the coating of industrial relevant borosilicate glass vials with linear methoxylated polyglycerol, hyperbranched polyglycerol, and hyperbranched methoxylated polyglycerol. All coatings provide excellent protein repellent effects. The hyperbranched, non-methoxylated coating performed best. The protein repellent properties were maintained also after applying industrial relevant sterilization methods (≥200 °C). Marginal differences in antibody stability between formulations stored in bare glass vials and coated vials were detected after 3 months storage; the protein repellent effect remained largely stable. Here, we describe a new material suitable for the coating of primary packaging material of proteins which significantly reduces the protein adsorption and thus could present an interesting new possibility for biomedical applications. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The application of dual-electrode through vial impedance spectroscopy for the determination of ice interface temperatures, primary drying rate and vial heat transfer coefficient in lyophilization process development.

Science.gov (United States)

Smith, Geoff; Jeeraruangrattana, Yowwares; Ermolina, Irina

2018-06-22

Through vial impedance spectroscopy (TVIS) is a product non-invasive process analytical technology which exploits the frequency dependence of the complex impedance spectrum of a composite object (i.e. the freeze-drying vial and its contents) in order to track the progression of the freeze-drying cycle. This work demonstrates the use of a dual electrode system, attached to the external surface of a type I glass tubing vial (nominal capacity 10 mL) in the prediction of (i) the ice interface temperatures at the sublimation front and at the base of the vial, and (ii) the primary drying rate. A value for the heat transfer coefficient (for a chamber pressure of 270 µbar) was then calculated from these parameters and shown to be comparable to that published by Tchessalov[1]. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Valoraciones sobre la gestión del sistema de seguridad vial en Cuba.

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Tania Ivón Sosa Ibarra

2015-12-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo valorar con enfoque crítico el cumplimiento de la agenda del Observatorio Iberoamericano para la Seguridad Vial (OISEVI que evidencie los aciertos y desaciertos en esta actividad, se analiza en la literatura los enfoques de los autores Tony Bliss y Jeanne Breen que enfatizan en la concepción de sistema no solo a la seguridad vial sino también a la gestión de esta como sistema y se realiza una aplicación de los aspectos de la encuesta del OISEVI a la gestión de la seguridad vial en Cuba por el grupo de asesores de la Comisión Nacional de seguridad vial, pertenecientes a la Universidad de Sancti Spíritus, que durante los últimos años estudian esta problemática, detallando los argumentos que conciben para otorgar los valores en las respuestas al cuestionario. Con esta encuesta se obtiene una primera aproximación del estado de la gestión de la seguridad vial en el país, y se arriban a valoraciones acerca de cómo se encuentra Cuba respecto a los lineamientos básicos y generales que hacen exitosa a la gestión en seguridad vial, basada en los cinco pilares del Plan Mundial para el Decenio de Acción para la Seguridad Vial 2011-2020.

Microbial contamination of single-and multiple-dose vials after opening in a pulmonary teaching hospital

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Shadi Baniasadi

Full Text Available OBJECTIVES: Intravenous therapy is a complex procedure usually requiring the preparation of the medication in the clinical area before administration to the patient. Breaches in aseptic technique may result in microbial contaminations of vials which is a potential cause of different avoidable infections. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and pattern of microbial contamination of single- and multiple-dose vials in the largest pulmonary teaching hospital in Iran. METHODS: In a period of 2 months, opened single- and multiple-dose vials from different wards were sampled by a pharmacist. The name of the medication, ward, labeling of the vials, the date of opening, and storing temperature were recorded for each vial. Remained contents of each vial were cultured using appropriate bacterial and fungal growth media. RESULTS: Microbial contamination was identified in 11 of 205 (5.36% of vials. The highest contamination rate was 14.28% for vials used in interventional bronchoscopy unit. The most frequent contaminated medication was insulin. Gram-positive bacteria (81.82% were more significantly involved than gram-negative ones (9.09% and fungi (9.09%, with the highest frequency for Staphylococcus epidermidis . CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate that repeated use of vials especially if basic sterility measures are disobeyed can cause microbial contamination of administered products to the patients. Infection preventionists are responsible to train health care workers regarding aseptic techniques and apply guidelines for aseptic handling of intravenous solutions.

Microbial contamination of single-and multiple-dose vials after opening in a pulmonary teaching hospital

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Shadi Baniasadi

2013-02-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVES: Intravenous therapy is a complex procedure usually requiring the preparation of the medication in the clinical area before administration to the patient. Breaches in aseptic technique may result in microbial contaminations of vials which is a potential cause of different avoidable infections. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and pattern of microbial contamination of single- and multiple-dose vials in the largest pulmonary teaching hospital in Iran. METHODS: In a period of 2 months, opened single- and multiple-dose vials from different wards were sampled by a pharmacist. The name of the medication, ward, labeling of the vials, the date of opening, and storing temperature were recorded for each vial. Remained contents of each vial were cultured using appropriate bacterial and fungal growth media. RESULTS: Microbial contamination was identified in 11 of 205 (5.36% of vials. The highest contamination rate was 14.28% for vials used in interventional bronchoscopy unit. The most frequent contaminated medication was insulin. Gram-positive bacteria (81.82% were more significantly involved than gram-negative ones (9.09% and fungi (9.09%, with the highest frequency for Staphylococcus epidermidis . CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate that repeated use of vials especially if basic sterility measures are disobeyed can cause microbial contamination of administered products to the patients. Infection preventionists are responsible to train health care workers regarding aseptic techniques and apply guidelines for aseptic handling of intravenous solutions.

Residuos de agroquímicos en sedimentos de ríos, Poás, Costa Rica

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Federico Masís

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Se analizó la presencia y distribución de agroquímicos organofosforados y organoclorados en los sedimentos de 3 ríos localizados en un área de producción de ornamentales en el cantón de Poás, Alajuela, Costa Rica. El estudio comprendió 8 meses, con la idea de abarcar las épocas seca, de transición, y lluviosa. Los sedimentos fueron colectados en 10 estaciones de muestreo, ubicadas a lo largo de los ríos, y caracterizados de acuerdo con su contenido de materia orgánica y textura. En 7 de las 10 estaciones muestreadas fueron hallados residuos de agroquímicos con concentraciones detectables, en al menos 1 de cada 4 muestras, pero solo en 4 estaciones los residuos alcanzaron niveles cuantificables. Los residuos evaluados incluyeron 21 agroquímicos entre organofosforados y organoclorados, pero solo fueron encontrados 3 organoclorados, debido a su persistencia en los sedimentos. Los residuos correspondieron a PCNB (80-800 µg.kg-1, Endosulfan-β (40-50 µg.kg-1 y Endosulfan -α (90 µg.kg-1. El Clorotalonil fue detectado solo en una muestra.

Relación del pulso hidrológico con la estratigrafía del sedimento del complejo de humedales de Ayapel, Colombia

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Alex Rúa

2014-01-01

Full Text Available El pulso hidrológico y la transferencia de masa entre los tributarios y humedales conectan los ambientes terrestres con los reotróficos. La interacción agua- sedimento en humedales de la sabana atlántica colombiana es prácticamente desconocida a escala multidecadal. Por esta razón, se realizaron tres correlaciones estratigráficas entre nueve perfiles de sedimento (13-30 cm del complejo de humedales de Ayapel (CHA que abarcaron ca. 110-600 a BP. Las correlaciones enmarcaron (i zonas de alta presión antrópica, (ii hidrodinámica principal y (iii aportes de materia orgánica (MO. El CHA se extiende 150 km2 de los cuales >84 % comprendió sedimento mineral óxico susceptible de diagénesis temprana. En contraste, el sedimento reducido en estratos anaerobios de algunos humedales menores indicó metanogénesis. La intensidad del pulso hidrológico se relacionó con el registro estratigráfico del rizoma de Eichhornia crassipes. Arena y grava sedimentaron bajo flujo turbulento cerca del tributario Quebradona, mientras el limo se cementó con arcilla en la zona léntica o con arena en caños de conexión. El viento sobre la lámina de agua somera favoreció la resuspensión y transporte del sedimento proveniente de los tributarios. Por esta razón, se propusieron tasas netas de sedimentación relativamente lentas en la boca de Quebradona (ca. 0,15 cm a-1, caños (ca. 0,1 cm a-1 y humedales temporales (ca. 0,05 cm a-1. Además se constató que el sedimento del CHA exportó los productos de degradación de MO a la cuenca baja del Río San Jorge y la atmósfera.

DETERMINACIÓN DE HIDROCARBUROS AROMÁTICOS POLICICLICOS (HPAs) EN SEDIMENTOS DEL RIO SÃO FRANCISCO - ESTADO DE BAHIA - BRASIL

OpenAIRE

Alexsandro Fiscina de Santana; Eva Vidal Vázquez; Antonio Paz González; Magda Beretta

2014-01-01

Este estudio tiene como objetivo realizar una evaluación de la contaminación de los hidrocarbonatos aromáticos policíclicos (HAPs), en sedimentos del tramo submedio del Río São Francisco. Las muestras de sedimentos superficiales fueron recogidas mediante una draga tipo Petersen en veintiuna estaciones entre las localidades de Sobradinho y Curaçá. Además fueron realizadas medidas de parámetros físico-químicos e...

Red Vial de Nicaragua (Optimización y Mantenimiento

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Wilfredo Martínez

2013-06-01

Full Text Available La red vial es un patrimonio nacional, el cual es necesario: proteger, conservar, aumentar y mejorar; para apoyar eldesarrollo socioeconómico de nuestro país. La actividad de mantenimiento, constituye un factor determinante quegarantiza la operación satisfactoria del transporte durante la vida útil de los caminos; en sus diferentes modalidades. La ausencia de un mantenimiento preventivo y de un mantenimiento correctivo tardío, conduce a que la inversiónrealizada sufra una depreciación más acelerada, acortando su vida útil; obteniendo un grado de aprovechamientomenor que se traduce en una disminución de los beneficios estimados, ya que la rentabilidad no podrá ser óptima aldescuidar esta función. “Con frecuencia, los costos operativos de los vehículos, excederán los costos de losdepartamentos viales por un factor de 10 o màs, especialmente en carreteras de gran volumen de trànsito”.(Zaniewski, 1989. Por lo tanto, los costos (economía de los usuarios deben ser tomados en cuenta al momento deproyectar la construcción de una carretera. Por tal razón el Gobierno de Nicaragua, en conjunto con lasinstituciones correspondientes, han asumido un rol prioritario en la ejecución y mantenimiento de la red vial. Esteensayo pretende aportar elementos cuantitativos y cualitativos, para el análisis y mejoramiento de la Red Vial.

Fitotoxicidade e citogenotoxicidade da água e sedimento de córrego urbano em bioensaio com Lactuca sativa

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Luiz C. de A. Rodrigues

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar a influência espacial e temporal da fitotoxicidade e da citogenotoxicidade da água e do sedimento de córrego urbano quanto às características germinativas e de crescimento inicial de Lactuca sativa. Amostras de água e de sedimento foram coletadas em 5 pontos do Córrego do Pântano (Alfenas, Minas Gerais, no período de outubro de 2010 a julho de 2011 e as concentrações dos metais Cd, Pb e Zn foram quantificadas. Os ensaios de fitotoxicidade e de citogenotoxicidade foram realizados com as amostras de água e extratos aquosos dos sedimentos. Os parâmetros avaliados foram taxa de germinação, comprimento de raízes, biomassa fresca e seca, índice mitótico e a frequência de anormalidades cromossômicas. Constataram-se maiores concentrações de Cd e Pb nas amostras de água coletadas nos meses com a ocorrência de precipitações pluviométricas. Água e sedimento apresentaram efeito fitotóxico sobre germinação, biomassa fresca e seca de Lactuca sativa. O comprimento de raízes foi estimulado e apenas as amostras de água reduziram o índice mitótico. Evidenciou-se, também, variação temporal significativa relacionada com o regime pluviométrico apenas para o teste de fitotoxicidade.

The effect of vial type and cocktail quantity on tritium measurement in LSC

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen Zhilin; Xing Shixiong; Wang Heyi; Chang Ruimin; Wu Guanyin; Zhou Yinhang

2010-01-01

The effect of sample vial type and cocktail quantity on tritium measurement in liquid scintillation counting is studied in this paper. With both high and low level tritium samples, glass vials allow higher counting rates than plastic vials do. We also present detailed analysis of the way to obtain the optimal counting condition by dispensing different quantity of cocktail into sample vials. Results indicate that the optimal counting condition has little relationship with tritium concentration in the sample. The main factor which influences the counting is the quantity of cocktail added into samples. Figure of merit is employed to access the results, which increases as the quantity of cocktail increasing. But when the ratio of cocktail and sample reaches 2.0, increase of ratio makes little contribution to the counts, and the disintegrations per minute comes nearly to be a constant.

Comparison of product drying performance in molded and serum tubing vials using gentamicin sulfate as a model system.

Science.gov (United States)

Hibler, Susanne; Wagner, Christophe; Gieseler, Henning

2012-01-01

In a previous study, heat transfer coefficients of different 10 mL tubing and molded vials were determined gravimetrically via sublimation tests with pure water. Contrary to "conventional wisdom", only small differences in K(v) values between tubing and molded vials were found in the pressure range relevant for pharmaceutical freeze-drying. In order to investigate the impact of these relatively small differences on the primary drying time of an actual product, freeze-drying experiments with 5% gentamicin sulfate solution as a model system were performed at 68, 100 and 200 mTorr. The primary drying times of the API in recently developed molded (EasyLyo™), tubing (TopLyo™) and polymer vials (TopPac™) were compared. At 68 and 100 mTorr the primary drying time of the drug in the glass vials only differed by 3% to 4%, while the polymer vial took around 9% longer. At 200 mTorr, the API in the EasyLyo™ vials dried approximately 15% faster compared to the other vial types. The present study suggest that molded vials that have been modified in design to have better heat transfer properties can achieve drying times comparable to tubing vials.

Calidad del agua y sedimento en el lago de Maracaibo, estado Zulia

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Giovany José-Bracho

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Se analizó el agua y el sedimento del lago de Maracaibo en seis estaciones de muestreo distribuidas de norte a sur del lago. Los parámetros físicoquímicos y ambientales fueron determinados y establecidas las relaciones entre estos y las áreas afectadas por descargas de aguas residuales, depósitos de basura, residuos industriales líquidos y sólidos, actividad petrolera y agrícola y materiales orgánicos acarreados por ríos y drenajes pluviales. Se evidenció la contaminación por incremento de utrientes(nitrógeno y fósforo en las zonas influenciadas por los ríos y vertederos de agua residual y se validó la presencia de una cuña salina por la penetración al lago de las aguas del golfo de Venezuela. Las concentraciones de metalespesados están por debajo de los límites permisibles para el agua; en los sedimentos es muy heterogénea.

Residual volume in vials of antibiotics used in pediatrics.

Science.gov (United States)

Chaves, Caroline Magna Pessoa; Bezerra, Carolina Martins; Lima, Francisca Elisângela Teixeira; Cardoso, Maria Vera Lúcia Moreira Leitão; Fonseca, Said Gonçalves da Cruz; Silva, Viviane Martins da

2017-06-12

Quantifying residual volume contained in vials of antibiotics used in pediatrics. This is an experiment involving samples from vials of antibiotics used in a pediatric hospital. Residual volume was identified by calculating the difference in weight measurement before and after the vials were washed. Evaluation of the residual volume difference in the vials was determined by the Wilcoxon non-parametric test for a sample and established at a significance level of 5%. 105 samples of antibiotics were selected. The correct use of the antibiotics oxacillin (88.57%) and ceftriaxone (94.28%) predominated with low residual values. The same did not occur for procaine benzylpenicillin + potassium benzylpenicillin, since a greater residual volume was discarded in 74.28% of the vials. We highlight the need for improvements in managing antibiotics in the institution under study, so that the excess volume of the antibiotics in the vials is used within the acceptable stable time. It is also necessary that the disposal of the residual volume be adequately disposed, since it presents a risk to public health and the environment. Quantificar o volume residual contido em frascos-ampola de antibióticos utilizados na pediatria. Trata-se de um experimento com amostras de frascos-ampola de antibióticos utilizados em hospital pediátrico. O volume residual foi identificado calculando-se a diferença da aferição do peso antes e após a lavagem do frasco-ampola. A avaliação da diferença dos volumes residuais nos frascos-ampola foi determinada pelo teste não paramétrico de Wilcoxon para uma amostra e estabelecido o nível de significância de 5%. Foram selecionadas 105 amostras de antibióticos. Predominou o correto aproveitamento dos antibióticos oxacilina (88,57%) e ceftriaxona (94,28%), com baixos valores residuais. O mesmo não ocorreu com a benzilpenicilina procaína + potássica, pois em 74,28% dos frascos houve descarte de volume residual superior. Destaca-se a necessidade de

Modelo de gestión del tiempo en proyectos viales.

OpenAIRE

Luzuriaga Bojorque, Juan Pablo

2015-01-01

El presente trabajo demuestra la importancia de utilizar un método internacionalmente reconocido para gestionar la terminación de los proyectos viales a tiempo. Tanto entidad contratante como contratistas podrán utilizar las mejores prácticas en gerenciamiento de proyectos para lograr que la construcción de carreteras sean proyectos exitosos. Las entidades contratantes en el Ecuador, evalúan el cumplimiento del cronograma de un proyecto vial, en base de la consecución de un nivel determinado ...

Klebsiella pneumoniae ESBL formando esferoplastos em sedimento urinário a fresco sem coloração

OpenAIRE

Poloni, José Antonio Tesser; Meinerz, Gisele; Monteiro, Alexandre de Almeida; Keitel, Elizete; Rotta, Liane Nanci

2016-01-01

Resumo Um homem de 60 anos de idade foi submetido a transplante renal em 2013 devido à insuficiência renal crônica causada por hipertensão. Ele teve episódios recorrentes de infecção do trato urinário e veio para o hospital devido a 4 dias de febre, dor abdominal, ardência para urinar e náusea. Análise do sedimento urinário revelou um quadro de infecção (> 50 leucócitos/campo de grande aumento associado à bacteriúria maciça). O sedimento urinário revelou elementos alongados com um alargamento...

DETERMINACIÓN DE HIDROCARBUROS AROMÁTICOS POLICICLICOS (HPAs EN SEDIMENTOS DEL RIO SÃO FRANCISCO - ESTADO DE BAHIA - BRASIL

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Alexsandro Fiscina de Santana

2014-08-01

Full Text Available Este estudio tiene como objetivo realizar una evaluación de la contaminación de los hidrocarbonatos aromáticos policíclicos (HAPs, en sedimentos del tramo submedio del Río São Francisco. Las muestras de sedimentos superficiales fueron recogidas mediante una draga tipo Petersen en veintiuna estaciones entre las localidades de Sobradinho y Curaçá. Además fueron realizadas medidas de parámetros físico-químicos en el fondo de la columna de agua y tamEste estudio tiene como objetivo realizar una evaluación de la contaminación de los hidrocarbonatos aromáticos policíclicos (HAPs, en sedimentos del tramo submedio del Río São Francisco. Las muestras de sedimentos superficiales fueron recogidas mediante una draga tipo Petersen en veintiuna estaciones entre las localidades de Sobradinho y Curaçá. Además fueron realizadas medidas de parámetros físico-químicos en el fondo de la columna de agua y también la caracterización física y química de los sedimentos. La determinación de los 15 HAPs prioritarios se realizó mediante la técnica de cromatografía de líquidos de alta resolución (HPLC con detector de fluorescencia. Los niveles de concentración de los HAPs se situaron entre 6,15 y 166 ƞg.g-1, indicando un grado de contaminación de bajo a moderado. Se pudo observar, a través de las relaciones moleculares y del análisis multivariante, la predominancia de HAPs originados por procesos de combustión.  bién la caracterización física y química de los sedimentos. La determinación de los 15 HAPs prioritarios se realizó mediante la técnica de cromatografía de líquidos de alta resolución (HPLC con detector de fluorescencia. Los niveles de concentración de los HAPs se situaron entre 6,15 y 166 ƞg.g-1, indicando un grado de contaminación de bajo a moderado. Se pudo observar, a través de las relaciones moleculares y del análisis multivariante, la predominancia de HAPs originados por procesos de combustión.  

Lack of clinical relevance in routine final subcultures of radiometrically negative BACTEC blood culture vials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Plorde, J.J.; Carlson, L.G.; Dau, M.E.

1982-01-01

During a 38-month period, 10,106 blood specimens were received in the laboratory for culture. These were inoculated into 26,424 vials and processed using the BACTEC radiometric detection system. Of these vials, 1,914 were eventually found to be microbiologically positive. Isolates from 836 vials were judged to be contaminants. In the remaining 1,078 vials, growth was first detected visually or radiometrically in 1,062 and by final subculture in 16. Growth from these sixteen bottles represented 12 clinically significant bacteremic episodes in as many patients. In nine of these episodes, other culture vials from the same patient were positive radiometrically. Therefore, 358 of 361 (99.2%) bacteremic episodes were detected without the benefit of routine final subcultures. The three patients whose bacteremia was missed were diagnosed clinically and placed on appropriate therapy prior to the detection of the bacteremias by final subculture

Variáveis mineralógicas preditoras de fontes de produção de sedimentos, em uma bacia hidrográfica do Rio Grande do Sul

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Pablo Miguel

2014-06-01

Full Text Available O uso da mineralogia como ferramenta para a avaliação das propriedades dos minerais que compõem o solo é extremamente importante para o entendimento das diferentes relações químicas e físicas que ocorrem nele. Essas propriedades/variáveis, na identificação das fontes de sedimentos em suspensão, podem ajudar a elucidar os fatores e processos que regem a transferência de sedimentos e poluentes dos sistemas terrestres para os sistemas aquáticos. Os objetivos deste estudo foram caracterizar quantitativamente a mineralogia do solo das fontes e dos sedimentos em suspensão, em uma bacia hidrográfica, e identificar quais variáveis mineralógicas possuem propriedades traçadoras. Para a identificação das fontes, foi utilizado o método fingerprinting, que compara os solos de diferentes fontes e os sedimentos que são encontrados em suspensão no canal de drenagem, usando elementos traçadores. Os principais minerais que compõem o solo das fontes e do sedimento foram caulinita, minerais de camada 2:1 e hematita e goethita. Entre os óxidos, a hematita foi o que predominou entre as amostras. As variáveis mineralógicas, teor de caulinita e de goethita apresentaram capacidade discriminante e puderam ser usados como traçadores na identificação das fontes de produção de sedimentos e na estimativa da contribuição de cada uma das fontes, aumentando assim a capacidade preditiva do modelo. A maior contribuição na produção de sedimentos foi dos canais fluviais, seguidos pela malha e, por último, pelas estradas.

Cluster endophthalmitis following multiple intravitreal bevacizumab injections from a single use vial

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Perwez Khan

2016-01-01

Full Text Available The risk of endophthalmitis is always a concern when an intraocular procedure is performed. Intravitreal injection is a frequently used method for therapeutic management of many diseases, affecting the posterior segment of the eye. Hence, it is important to assess the risk of complications, especially endophthalmitis. Most studies conducted concentrate on risk assessment from single use from single drug vial. The present article reports the occurrence of cluster endophthalmitis following multiple intravitreal bevacizumab injections from a single vial. Intravitreal injection of bevacizumab was administered to eight eyes of eight patients. Administered dose was prepared from single 4-ml vial of bevacizumab and was injected in the eye, after patient preparation and under aseptic conditions. The procedure was repeated for the remaining patients, thereby imparting multiple pricks in the same vial. Four of the eight patients reported to the hospital on the 3rd day after injection with complaints of pain, watering, and diminution of vision. Two patients reported the following day with similar complaints. Two patients who did not report by the 4th day were contacted and recalled for an examination. All the patients were thoroughly examined using slit lamp biomicroscopy and indirect ophthalmoscopy. Six out of eight were clinically diagnosed to have endophthalmitis and were administered intravitreal antibiotics. The present report highlights possibility of microbial contamination of the drug vial or during compounding process. However, from the present incident, we are encouraged to stay vigilant and wary of contamination

Hydraulic sediment remotion in physical models; Aplicacion en modelos fisicos de la remocion hidraulica de sedimentos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Marengo Mogollon, Humberto [Comision Federal de Electricidad (Mexico)

2001-03-01

Sediment remotion in reservoirs has received an increased attention worldwide because of the difficulty to build new dams. This paper shows the application of some flushing techniques in two hydraulic experimental models that were used in order to estimate the efficiency in sediment remotion, as well as feasible solutions to be applied in our country. [Spanish] La remocion de sedimentos que se acumulan en los embalses ha recibido recientemente una gran atencion en diversas partes del mundo debido fundamentalmente a la dificultad de construir nuevas presas. Este articulo muestra el uso de la remocion hidraulica de sedimentos en embalses aplicados a dos modelos hidraulicos experimentales que se emplearon para estimar la eficiencia de dicha remocion, ademas de posibles soluciones que se consideran factibles de utilizarse en nuestro pais.

Determination of the external contamination and cross-contamination by cytotoxic drugs on the surfaces of vials available on the Swiss market.

Science.gov (United States)

Fleury-Souverain, Sandrine; Nussbaumer, Susanne; Mattiuzzo, Marc; Bonnabry, Pascal

2014-04-01

The external contamination and cross-contamination by cytotoxic drugs on the surface (outside and septum) of 133 vials from various manufacturers and available on the Swiss market were evaluated. All of the tested vials contained one of the following active ingredients: cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, doxorubicin, epirubicin, etoposide phosphate, gemcitabine, ifosfamide, irinotecan, methotrexate or vincristine. The validated wiping liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method used in this study allowed for the simultaneous determination of these 10 cytotoxic drugs in less than 30 min. External contamination by cytotoxic drugs was detected on 63% of tested vials (outside and septum). The highest contamination level was observed on etoposide phosphate vials with 1896.66 ng of active ingredient on the outside of the vial. Approximately 20% of the contaminated vials had greater than 10 ng of cytotoxic drugs. Chemical contamination on the septum was detected on 38% of the vials. No contamination or very low levels of cytotoxic drugs, less than 1 ng per vial, were detected on the vials protected by plastic shrink-wrap. Traces of cytotoxic drugs different from the active ingredient were detected on 35% of the tested vials. Handling cytotoxic vials with gloves and having a procedure for the decontamination of vials are of the utmost importance for reducing exposure to cytotoxic drugs. Moreover, manufacturers must improve their procedures to provide products free from any contamination.

Comparison of PCE and TCE disappearance in heated volatile organic analysis vials and flame-sealed ampules.

Science.gov (United States)

Costanza, Jed; Pennell, Kurt D

2008-02-01

The rates of hydrolysis reported for tetrachloroethylene (PCE) and trichloroethylene (TCE) at elevated temperatures range over two orders-of-magnitude, where some of the variability may be due to the presence of a gas phase. Recent studies suggest that volatile organic analysis (VOA) vials provide a low-cost and readily available zero headspace system for measuring aqueous-phase hydrolysis rates. This work involved measuring rates of PCE and TCE disappearance and the corresponding appearance of dechlorination products in water-filled VOA vials and flame-sealed ampules incubated at 21 and 55 degrees C for up to 95.5 days. While PCE and TCE concentrations readily decreased in the VOA vials to yield first-order half lives of 11.2 days for PCE and 21.1 days for TCE at 55 degrees C, concentrations of anticipated dechlorination products, including chloride, remained constant or were not detected. The rate of PCE disappearance was 34 times faster in VOA vials at 55 degrees C compared to values obtained with flame-sealed ampules containing PCE-contaminated water. In addition, the concentration of TCE increased slightly in flame-sealed ampules incubated at 55 degrees C, while a decrease in TCE levels was observed in the VOA vials. The observed losses of PCE and TCE in the VOA vials were attributed to diffusion and sorption in the septa, rather than to dechlorination. These findings demonstrate that VOA vials are not suitable for measuring rates of volatile organic compound hydrolysis at elevated temperatures.

Calibration of the NPL secondary standard radionuclide calibrator for the new 10R Schott, Type 1+ vials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Baker, M.

2005-01-01

For many years, P6 vials have been used for the distribution of a wide range of diagnostic and therapeutic radioactive solutions. The activity measurements were performed in this geometry and, in time, the UK calibration system for nuclear medicine was based on this container as a standard. However, one major supplier of radiopharmaceuticals has replaced the P6 vial with the 10R Type 1+ Schott vial. As the dimensions of the new vial are different from those of the P6 vial and the responses of radionuclide calibrators are known to be container dependent, the need for re-calibration became apparent. Preliminary measurements made on some typical radionuclide calibrators for 125 I solution indicated a difference in response of about 10% between the two vials. The master ionisation chamber of the NPL secondary standard radionuclide calibrator has been re-calibrated and new calibration factors and volume correction factors for 10R Schott vials have been derived for the relevant medical radionuclides. The standard holder was also modified to accommodate the new larger vial. The complete list of factors and the method used to determine them is presented in this paper. The availability of these new factors will improve the quality of activity measurements in nuclear medicine, as calibration services can now be provided by NPL for the new container. These factors can also be employed for all commercial NPL secondary standard radionuclide calibrators (now known as the NPL-CRC and previously as the 671 or ISOCAL IV)

DISTRIBUIÇÃO E FRACIONAMENTO DO FÓSFORO NOS SEDIMENTOS DOS RIOS BACANGA E ANIL NA ILHA DO MARANHÃO

OpenAIRE

MARIA DE LOURDES FERREIRA NUNES

2013-01-01

No presente estudo, foi determinado o estoque total de fósforo (TP) em sedimentos de rios Anil e Bacanga localizados na ilha do Maranhão. Além disso, com a finalidade de avaliar a labilidade de fósforo no sedimento, foi realizada a extração química sequencial de acordo com o protocolo da Comissão Europeia (normas, medidas e programa de testes). Os resultados do Rio Bacanga indicou concentrações de PT que variam de 877,91 mg kgˉ e 1466,44 mg Kgˉ, o que permite classificar estes sedim...

MODELAGEM DA PRODUÇÃO DE SEDIMENTOS NA SUB-BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIACHO JACARÉ - SE

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Fabrício Lopes de MACEDO

2012-03-01

Full Text Available A produção de sedimentos nas bacias hidrográficas constitui um aspecto importante para o planejamento do uso e ocupação do solo. Modelos matemáticos são ferramentas úteis para a análise do problema fornecendo rapidez, praticidade e flexibilidade as simulações de condições atuais e futuras. Neste artigo foi avaliada uma metodologia para simular a produção de sedimentos em distintos cenários de uso e ocupação do solo utilizando de forma combinada a MUSLE, o modelo hidrológico ABC e um SIG. A modelagem utilizada apresentou bom desempenho para fins de planejamento do uso e ocupação do solo, bem como para o planejamento agrícola e ambiental.

The measurement of activity in vials and syringes using a radionuclide assay calibrator

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hooper, S.A.; Davies, I.H.

1993-01-01

To enable accurate measurements of the activity in both vials and syringes, a series of measurements was undertaken to ascertain the changes in response with geometry in nine isotope assay calibrators. From these measurements, two jigs were made for each calibrator to enable (a) optimal measurement of activity in vials and (b) optimal measurement of activity in a variety of syringe sizes. (Author)

Experiencia-modelo piloto de los talleres de seguridad vial, como alternativa a la pena privativa de libertad en los delitos contra la seguridad vial

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Isabel Germán Mancebo

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Algunos de los delitos contra la seguridad vial en España tienen asignada la pena de trabajos en beneficio de la comunidad (TBC. Y en la práctica se han percibido problemas en su implementación, entre otros motivos por el aumento de la comisión de los delitos de tránsito y la escasez de puestos de trabajo social para poder llevar a cabo los trabajos comunitarios. Tanto la reciente modificación del Código Penal, como de la normativa reguladora de esta sanción, permite desarrollar los TBC por medio de la realización de talleres. En este artículo se presenta la experiencia-modelo piloto de los talleres de seguridad vial que dan contenido a la pena de TBC, como alternativa a la pena privativa de libertad, lo que resulta de especial interés al ser una de las primeras experiencias de esta naturaleza en España. Para ello se describen los talleres desarrollados, mensualmente, durante el año 2010, a saber: su primer año de funcionamiento en la provincia de Gipuzkoa (España, detallando su estructura, dinámica y tareas -tanto formativas como de utilidad pública- que realizaron los penados. La implementación de estos talleres ha paliado las deficiencias percibidas en la aplicación de la pena de TBC, dotándola de contenido, y superando así las críticas a las que esta sanción se había visto expuesta. Los talleres de seguridad vial responden de forma efectiva al papel preventivo que se le ha otorgado a este tipo de sanciones en el ámbito de la seguridad vial.

Polyethylene vials for liquid scintillation counters produced by the National Materials Research Institute

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fiser, B.; Lukas, D.

1984-01-01

The properties were tested of polyethylene vials for liquid scintillation counters manufactured by the National Materials Research Institute. Liquid scintillation counter ISOCAP 300 by Nuclear Chicago was used for measuring. For unquenched samples, channel A was set up to 0.5-3.6 keV and channel B to 0.5-18 keV. The scintillation solution was prepared of toluene, 4 g PPO, 0.15 g POPOP per 1 l of toluene. CCl 4 was used as the quenching agent. Radioactive samples were prepared from 20 μl of standard solution of [ 3 H]-toluene with specific activity of 349 Bq/g. All measurements were made using a 7 ml scintillation solution into which radioactivity and possibly quenching agents were added. Potassium-free glass vials by SKLO UNION Teplice and thin-walled polyethylene vials by Nuclear Chicago were used for comparison. The background was measured, as were the time dependences of weight losses of the scintillation solution and carbon tetrachloride from the counting vials, changes in efficiency in channel B with time, changes in SCR with time and changes in the quenching curve with time. (E.S.)

Isolation of HIV-1 from experimentally contaminated multidose local anaesthetic vials.

Science.gov (United States)

Druce, J D; Locarnini, S A; Birch, C J

1995-05-15

To investigate the hypothesis that HIV can be transmitted via contamination of multidose vials of local anaesthetic solution through reuse of needles and syringes. Laboratory study. (1) By experiments with multidose vials and disposable needles and syringes, we identified a sequence of events in which HIV could contaminate the anaesthetic solution. (2) Three anaesthetic solutions were contaminated with a laboratory strain of HIV and tested by viral culture and p24 enzyme immunoassay one, two and four hours later to see how long the virus remained active. (1) Needles and syringes retained small volumes of fluid after use (mean, 25 microL; in syringe alone, mean 16 microL) which could be transferred to multidose vials of local anaesthetic. (2) 10 mL of anaesthetic solution contaminated with 8 microL of HIV-infected solution (equivalent to 1% infected lymphocytes in vivo) contained active virus one hour later. In some settings, HIV could be isolated four hours after exposure. When inadvertently contaminated with HIV, multidose solutions represent a potential source of transmissible virus.

Characteristics of high-purity Teflon vial for 14C measurement in old tree rings

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sakurai, H.; Saswaki, Y.; Matsumoto, T.; Aoki, T.; Kato, W.; Gandou, T.; Gunji, S.; Tokanai, F.

2003-01-01

14 C concentration in single-year tree rings of an old cedar of ca. 2500 years ago is measured to investigate the 11-yr periodicity of solar activity. Our highly accurate 14 C measuring system is composed of a benzene synthesizer capable of producing a large quantity (10 g) of benzene and a Quantulus 1220 TM liquid scintillation counting system. The accuracy is less than 0.2% for measurements of 14 C concentration. The benzene sample is contained in a high-purity Teflon/copper-counting vial (20 ml) manufactured by Wallac Oy Company. We found a vial with an irregular copper cap for the measurements of 11 tree rings. The behavior of the vial with the irregular cap was investigated. The Teflon sheet inside the cap plays an important role in achieving stable measurement. The rate of volatilization of the benzene was less than 0.35 mg/day for vials with ordinary caps. This results in the volatilization rate of 0.003% for 10.5 g of benzene and hence guarantees measurement at an accuracy of 0.2% for 70 days

Comparison of vials and prefilled pens of a rapid-acting insulin analog on pharmacy budgets in a long-term care setting.

Science.gov (United States)

Eby, Elizabeth L; Smolen, Lee J; Pitts, Amber C; Krueger, Linda A; Andrews, Jeffrey Scott

2014-12-01

Estimate budgetary impact for skilled nursing facility converting from individual patient supply (IPS) delivery of rapid-acting insulin analog (RAIA) 10-mL vials or 3-mL prefilled pens to 3-mL vials. A budget-impact model used insulin volume purchased and assumptions of length of stay (LOS), daily RAIA dose, and delivery protocol to estimate the cost impact of using 3-mL vials. Skilled nursing facility. Medicare Part A patients. Simulations conducted using 12-month current and future scenarios. Comparisons of RAIA use for 13- and 28-day LOS. RAIA costs and savings, waste reduction. For patients with 13-day LOS using 20 units/day of IPS insulin, the model estimated a 70% reduction in RAIA costs and units purchased and a 95% waste reduction for the 3-mL vial compared with the 10-mL vial. The estimated costs for prefilled pen use were 58% lower than for use of 10-mL vials. The incremental savings associated with 3-mL vial use instead of prefilled pens was 28%, attributable to differences in per-unit cost of insulin in vials versus prefilled pens. Using a more conservative scenario of 28-day LOS at 20 units/day, the model estimated a 40% reduction in RAIA costs and units purchased, resulting in a 91% reduction in RAIA waste for the 3-mL vial, compared with 10-mL vial. Budget-impact analysis of conversion from RAIA 10-mL vials or 3-mL prefilled pens to 3-mL vials estimated reductions in both insulin costs and waste across multiple scenarios of varying LOS and patient daily doses for skilled nursing facility stays.

Sample vial inserts: A better approach for sampling heterogeneous slurry samples in the SRS Defense Waste Processing Facility

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Coleman, C.J.; Goode, S.R.

1996-01-01

A convenient and effective new approach for analyzing DWPF samples involves the use of inserts with volumes of 1.5--3 ml placed in the neck of 14 ml sample vials. The inserts have rims that conform to the rim of the vials so that they sit straight and stable in the vial. The DWPF tank sampling system fills the pre-weighed insert rather than the entire vial, so the vial functions only as the insert holder. The shielded cell operator then removes the vial cap and decants the insert containing the sample into a plastic bottle, crucible, etc., for analysis. Inert materials such as Teflon, plastic, and zirconium are used for the insert so it is unnecessary to separate the insert from the sample for most analyses. The key technique advantage of using inserts to take DWPF samples versus filling sample vials is that it provides a convenient and almost foolproof way of obtaining and handling small volumes of slurry samples in a shielded cell without corrupting the sample. Since the insert allows the entire sample to be analyzed, this approach eliminates the errors inherent with subsampling heterogeneous slurries that comprise DWPF samples. Slurry samples can then be analyzed with confidence. Analysis times are dramatically reduced by eliminating the drying and vitrification steps normally used to produce a homogeneous solid sample. Direct dissolution and elemental analysis of slurry samples are achieved in 8 hours or less compared with 40 hours for analysis of vitrified slurry samples. Comparison of samples taken in inserts versus full vials indicate that the insert does not significantly affect sample composition

Seguridad Vial y Procesos Psicológicos: Acciones Preventivas. [ Road Safety and Psychological Processes: Preventive Actions

OpenAIRE

Manuel Ernesto Riaño Garzón; Nathalie Claire Raynaud Prado; Edgar Alexis Diaz Camargo

2017-01-01

El artículo revisa la relación entre los procesos psicológicos y la seguridad vial desde una postura preventiva con el fin de proporcionar evidencias sobre alternativas utilizadas en terapia que puedan ser de utilidad para el adecuado funcionamiento psico-fisiológico y que determinen una mayor Seguridad Vial. Dicha revisión resulta pertinente en el marco de la Policía Nacional y de la Seguridad Vial en tanto ilustra metodologías empíricamente validadas que pueden ser utilizadas por las person...

Os solos como indicadores das relações entre sedimentos continentais e marinhos na planície costeira: Rio Guaratuba (SP

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. Rossi

2001-03-01

Full Text Available Foram estudadas duas toposseqüências na planície litorânea no rio Guaratuba (SP, definindo seqüência de evolução pedológica e de deposição/acumulação, utilizando a análise macromorfológica de solos por meio de tradagens. A primeira seqüência ilustra a transformação de Espodossolo Ferrocárbico (Podzol sobre sedimentos arenosos marinhos para Organossolo (solo orgânico, enquanto a outra mostra a relação entre Gleissolo Háplico (solo glei pouco húmico sobre sedimentos continentais e Espodossolo Ferrocárbico (Podzol em sedimentos areno-quartzosos marinhos. A sedimentação marinha é representada por feixes de restinga arenosos, com zonas embaciadas, propiciando o desenvolvimento de Espodossolos nas partes altas e Organossolos nas partes baixas. Morros isolados inferiores à planície funcionaram como antigas zonas de balizamento desses feixes, que limitaram o sistema deposicional continental, definindo o material marinho como anterior ao continental, onde ocorreu um encaixamento da drenagem próximo ao contato.

78 FR 14095 - Determination That GEREF (Sermorelin Acetate) Injection, 0.5 Milligrams Base/Vial and 1.0...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-03-04

...] Determination That GEREF (Sermorelin Acetate) Injection, 0.5 Milligrams Base/Vial and 1.0 Milligrams Base/Vial, and GEREF (Sermorelin Acetate) Injection, 0.05 Milligrams Base/Amp, Were Not Withdrawn From Sale for...

Biorremediación para la degradación de hidrocarburos totales presentes en los sedimentos de una estación de servicio de combustible

OpenAIRE

Ñustez Cuartas, Diana Cristina

2012-01-01

En la presente investigación se evaluó el efecto de la Bioaumentación y Bioestimulación de sedimentos contaminados con hidrocarburos de la Estación de Servicio de Combustible INTEGRA de Dosquebradas – Risaralda - Colombia, estos sedimentos son producto del mantenimiento de las unidades de tratamiento de aguas residuales industriales, como son: la trampa de grasa, canales perimetrales de la zona de distribución y/o venta del combustible, canales perimetrales de la zona de llenado de tanques de...

Proteja a sus seres queridos de las lesiones viales

Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts

Este podcast, que forma parte de la iniciativa Proteja a sus seres queridos, aborda las medidas que pueden tomar los padres de familia para ayudar a proteger a sus niños de las lesiones viales, una de las principales causas de lesiones infantiles.

Determination of the influence factors of the radiopharmaceutical vials dimensions used for activimeter calibration at IPEN

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Martins, E.W.; Potiens, M.P.A.

2012-01-01

This paper presents the establishment of a quality control program and correction factors for the geometry of the vials used for distribution of radiopharmaceutical and activimeters calibration. The radiopharmaceutical produced by IPEN 67 Ga, 131 I, 201 Tl and 99m Tc had been tested using two different vials. Results show a maximum variation of 22% for 201 Tl, and the minimum variation was 2.98% for 131 I. The correction factors must be incorporated in the routine calibration of the activimeters. - Highlights: ► Establishement of quality control program for reference activimeters. ► Determination of correction factors for the geometry of vials. ► Radiopharmaceuticals tested for different vials were 67 Ga, 131 I, 201 Tl and 99m Tc. ► The maximum variation was 22% for 201 Tl and the minimum variation was 2.98% for 131 I. ► Correction factors must be incorporated in the calibration of the activimeters.

Impact of changing the measles vaccine vial size on Niger's vaccine supply chain: a computational model

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kenea Hailu

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Many countries, such as Niger, are considering changing their vaccine vial size presentation and may want to evaluate the subsequent impact on their supply chains, the series of steps required to get vaccines from their manufacturers to patients. The measles vaccine is particularly important in Niger, a country prone to measles outbreaks. Methods We developed a detailed discrete event simulation model of the vaccine supply chain representing every vaccine, storage location, refrigerator, freezer, and transport device (e.g., cold trucks, 4 × 4 trucks, and vaccine carriers in the Niger Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI. Experiments simulated the impact of replacing the 10-dose measles vial size with 5-dose, 2-dose and 1-dose vial sizes. Results Switching from the 10-dose to the 5-dose, 2-dose and 1-dose vial sizes decreased the average availability of EPI vaccines for arriving patients from 83% to 82%, 81% and 78%, respectively for a 100% target population size. The switches also changed transport vehicle's utilization from a mean of 58% (range: 4-164% to means of 59% (range: 4-164%, 62% (range: 4-175%, and 67% (range: 5-192%, respectively, between the regional and district stores, and from a mean of 160% (range: 83-300% to means of 161% (range: 82-322%, 175% (range: 78-344%, and 198% (range: 88-402%, respectively, between the district to integrated health centres (IHC. The switch also changed district level storage utilization from a mean of 65% to means of 64%, 66% and 68% (range for all scenarios: 3-100%. Finally, accounting for vaccine administration, wastage, and disposal, replacing the 10-dose vial with the 5 or 1-dose vials would increase the cost per immunized patient from $0.47US to $0.71US and $1.26US, respectively. Conclusions The switch from the 10-dose measles vaccines to smaller vial sizes could overwhelm the capacities of many storage facilities and transport vehicles as well as increase the cost per

Impact of changing the measles vaccine vial size on Niger's vaccine supply chain: a computational model.

Science.gov (United States)

Assi, Tina-Marie; Brown, Shawn T; Djibo, Ali; Norman, Bryan A; Rajgopal, Jayant; Welling, Joel S; Chen, Sheng-I; Bailey, Rachel R; Kone, Souleymane; Kenea, Hailu; Connor, Diana L; Wateska, Angela R; Jana, Anirban; Wisniewski, Stephen R; Van Panhuis, Willem G; Burke, Donald S; Lee, Bruce Y

2011-06-02

Many countries, such as Niger, are considering changing their vaccine vial size presentation and may want to evaluate the subsequent impact on their supply chains, the series of steps required to get vaccines from their manufacturers to patients. The measles vaccine is particularly important in Niger, a country prone to measles outbreaks. We developed a detailed discrete event simulation model of the vaccine supply chain representing every vaccine, storage location, refrigerator, freezer, and transport device (e.g., cold trucks, 4 × 4 trucks, and vaccine carriers) in the Niger Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI). Experiments simulated the impact of replacing the 10-dose measles vial size with 5-dose, 2-dose and 1-dose vial sizes. Switching from the 10-dose to the 5-dose, 2-dose and 1-dose vial sizes decreased the average availability of EPI vaccines for arriving patients from 83% to 82%, 81% and 78%, respectively for a 100% target population size. The switches also changed transport vehicle's utilization from a mean of 58% (range: 4-164%) to means of 59% (range: 4-164%), 62% (range: 4-175%), and 67% (range: 5-192%), respectively, between the regional and district stores, and from a mean of 160% (range: 83-300%) to means of 161% (range: 82-322%), 175% (range: 78-344%), and 198% (range: 88-402%), respectively, between the district to integrated health centres (IHC). The switch also changed district level storage utilization from a mean of 65% to means of 64%, 66% and 68% (range for all scenarios: 3-100%). Finally, accounting for vaccine administration, wastage, and disposal, replacing the 10-dose vial with the 5 or 1-dose vials would increase the cost per immunized patient from $0.47US to $0.71US and $1.26US, respectively. The switch from the 10-dose measles vaccines to smaller vial sizes could overwhelm the capacities of many storage facilities and transport vehicles as well as increase the cost per vaccinated child.

Laser Scanner Como Sistema de Detección de Entornos Viales

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

F. García

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Resumen: Los últimos avances en seguridad vial, con sistemas cada vez más complejos, requieren de los más modernos sistemas de adquisición de información. La naturaleza misma del problema requiere sensores capaces de proveer información fiable para tareas complejas y exigentes. Los escáneres láser (LIDAR han demostrado ser una familia de sensores altamente fiable, por lo que durante los últimos años los esfuerzos dedicados a investigar posibles aplicaciones viales han ido en aumento. De esta forma, es cada vez más frecuente observar sistemas de ayuda a la conducción (ADAS con este tipo de dispositivos que proveen de información del entorno necesaria para realizar tareas complejas como deteccián y prediccián de situaciones peligrosas. En el presente trabajo, dos sistemas LIDAR han sido probados para comprobar sus capacidades reales en entornos viales. En segundo término, se propone una aplicación que hace uso de las capacidades de dichos sensores para la detección y clasificación de obstaculos en entornos viarios. Palabras clave: sensores, procesamiento de senales, sistemas reales, vehiculos, algoritmos de deteccion

Aislamiento y caracterización de microorganismos con actividad lipolítica provenientes de sedimentos del Humedal El Jaboque (Bogotá, Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lilia Carolina Mora Moreno

2006-07-01

sedimentos, mediante la utilización de medios de cultivo selectivos (agar tributirina, agar aceite de girasol. Primero se evaluó la concentración del sustrato (aceite de girasol en la cual se encontraba el mayor número de morfotipos aislados, luego se comparó la eficiencia de los dos medios de cultivo de acuerdo a la cantidad de morfotipos aislados. Se evaluaron tres concentraciones diferentes de sustrato. Se aisló un total de 18 cepas pertenecientes a los géneros Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Streptomyces, Penicillium, Alternaria. Los medios evaluados constituyen alternativas sencillas de aislamiento de microorganismos con actividad lipolítica en sedimentos.

The study of vial and cocktail for tritium radioactivity analysis of rain water by liquid scintillation counter

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Noh, Sung Jin; Kim, Hyo Jin; Kim, Hyun; Lee, Man Woo; Jeong, Dong Hyeok; Yang, Kwang Mo; Kang, Yeong Rok; Nam, Sang Hee

2015-01-01

Even though the current method for tritium (3H) analysis is routine, for the case of the low level of tritium in the environment, special conditions have to be fulfilled in order to obtain accurate and reliable tritium measurements. There are very little comparative data concerning commercial scintillating cocktails. The best cocktails for measuring tritium are those based on benzene derived solvent, and the worse cocktails are those which have complex chemical composition or contain too small concentration of scintillators. The aim of study was to investigate various vials and cocktails by comparison with the combination of few different scintillation cocktails and vials in our routine measurements according to count, efficiency, and the figure of merit (FOM). The comparison of three types of vials with scintillation cocktails for tritium activity analysis of rain water shows that glass vials have higher count rates and HiSafe 3 cocktails have lower FOM

Contenido de metales pesados en agua y sedimento en el bajo Nanay

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Victor Sotero Solís

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Se presenta en este estudio la evaluación de la concentración de metales pesados en agua y mercurio en sedimentos del rio Nanay, s realizó el muestreo desde el caserío Libertad, hasta su desembocadura en el rio Amazonas, en las épocas de creciente y vaciante del año 2011. La cuenca del rio Nanay comprende 340 km2 s y alberga a cuatro comunidades nativas y ocho campesinas y además tiene influencia sobre los distritos de San Juan, Iquitos y Punchana, además de ser la fuente de agua potable para la población de estos distritos. Los análisis de metales pesados se realizarán utilizando la técnica de la absorción atómica en el laboratorio de Sustancias Naturales Bioactivas del Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonia Peruana (IIAP. Según los resultados de añiláis de agua el plomo y mercurio se encuentran presentes sen concentraciones mayores que lo indicado por las normas nacionales. El plomo tanto en creciente es en promedio de 0,111 ppm y 0,053 ppm respectivamente y el mercurio en vaciante se encuentra en 0,008 ppm Del mismo modo la presencia de mercurio es alta en los sedimentos que acompañan a este rio con 1,636 ppm en creciente y 3,03 ppm en vaciante.

Contenido de metales pesados en agua y sedimento en el bajo Nanay

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Víctor Sotero Solís

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Se presenta en este estudio la evaluación de la concentración de metales pesados en agua  y mercurio en sedimentos del rio Nanay, s realizó el muestreo desde el caserío Libertad, hasta su desembocadura en el rio Amazonas, en las épocas de creciente y vaciante del año 2011. La cuenca del rio Nanay comprende 340 km2 s y alberga a cuatro comunidades nativas y ocho campesinas y además tiene influencia sobre los distritos de San Juan, Iquitos y Punchana, además de ser la fuente de agua potable para la población de estos distritos. Los análisis de metales pesados se realizaran utilizando la técnica de la absorción atómica en el laboratorio de Sustancias Naturales Bioactivas del Instituto de Investigaciones de la amazonia Peruana (IIAP. Según los resultados de añiláis de agua el plomo y mercurio se encuentran presentes sen concentraciones mayores que lo indicado por las normas nacionales. El plomo tanto en creciente es en promedio de 0,111 ppm y 0,053 ppm respectivamente y el mercurio en vaciante se encuentra en 0,008 ppm Del mismo modo la presencia de mercurio es alta en los sedimentos que acompañan a este rio con 1,636 ppm en creciente y 3,03 ppm en vaciante.

Determination of the influence factors of the radiopharmaceutical vials dimensions used for activimeter calibration at IPEN

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Martins, E.W. [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN), Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 2242, 05508-000 Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil); Potiens, M.P.A., E-mail: mppalbu@ipen.br [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN), Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 2242, 05508-000 Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

2012-07-15

This paper presents the establishment of a quality control program and correction factors for the geometry of the vials used for distribution of radiopharmaceutical and activimeters calibration. The radiopharmaceutical produced by IPEN {sup 67}Ga, {sup 131}I, {sup 201}Tl and {sup 99m}Tc had been tested using two different vials. Results show a maximum variation of 22% for {sup 201}Tl, and the minimum variation was 2.98% for {sup 131}I. The correction factors must be incorporated in the routine calibration of the activimeters. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Establishement of quality control program for reference activimeters. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Determination of correction factors for the geometry of vials. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Radiopharmaceuticals tested for different vials were {sup 67}Ga, {sup 131}I, {sup 201}Tl and {sup 99m}Tc. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The maximum variation was 22% for {sup 201}Tl and the minimum variation was 2.98% for {sup 131}I. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Correction factors must be incorporated in the calibration of the activimeters.

Investigation of factors affecting adhesion of 99Tcm labelled colloids to glass vials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Elliott, A.T.; Murray, T.; Hilditch, T.E.; Whateley, T.L.

1990-01-01

Factors which may possibly influence the adhesion of 99 Tc m labelled colloid to glass vials were investigated. Of five colloids studied, two protein-free tin colloids were affected most by the problem, some 12-18% being lost by adhesion to the glass vial when the colloid was left resting on the bench, or 60-87% when it was rotated for a period of 4 h. The proportion of activity which adhered to the vial was dependent on the time the product had been contained within it, whether on the bench or rotated. Two of the colloids, both of which contained protein, were affected only slightly by the problem, one being a tin colloid and the other a sulphur colloid. An antimony sulphide colloid, which contained no added protein, was virtually unaffected by the problem. The degree of adhesion was not related to the pH of the product, or to the temperature at which the product was stored, nor to the tendency of the colloidal particles to grow in size upon vigorous agitation. (author)

Evaluación preliminar de depósitos de estériles y sedimentos provenientes de la actividad carbonífera en Río Turbio

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Alba Lucia Caballero

2014-06-01

Full Text Available A lo largo de décadas de actividad carbonífera en la cuenca de Río Turbio ubicada al sudoeste de la provincia de Santa Cruz en la República Argentina, se ha generado una serie de pasivos ambientales entre los cuales se encuentran los depósitos de material estéril denominados escombreras, las piletas de lodos y los sedimentos del curso de agua receptor de efluentes, el arroyo San José. La presencia de estos pasivos, ha ocasionado en distintas partes del mundo complicaciones debido a la naturaleza ácida de las escorrentías que afectan directamente fuentes de agua, superficiales y subterráneas, localizadas en la vecindad de dichos depósitos. El problema se produce cuando dicha acidez no puede ser neutralizada, lo cual ocasiona la generación de lixiviados de metales pesados en las escombreras o redisolución de los que se encuentran depositados como sedimentos en los cursos superficiales. Por tal motivo en este trabajo se realiza una evaluación preliminar del contenido metálico de los depósitos de estériles y de los sedimentos del arroyo San José y de la capacidad de generación ácida de los primeros. Se pretende con ello obtener una información básica que permita un diseño experimental científico para caracterizar dichos depósitos y evaluar el impacto que están produciendo. Como conclusión se pudo corroborar la hipótesis inicial de existencia de contenido metálico en escombreras y sedimentos y un potencial neto de generación ácida de las primeras. Además se determinó la necesidad de investigar el origen de altos contenidos metálicos en sedimentos de zonas alejadas de la producción.

Evaluación de la calidad de los sedimentos en la cuenca del río Santa

OpenAIRE

Autoridad Nacional del Agua. Dirección de Gestión de Calidad de los Recursos Hídricos; Salbatier Portugal, Melissa Guliana; Ocola Salazar, Juan José

2014-01-01

Evalúa el estado de la calidad de los cuerpos naturales de agua superficial en el ámbito de la cuenca del río Santa, en base a los análisis de muestras de agua, sedimentos y las mediciones realizadas en campo en noviembre del 2013 y abril del 2014 respectivamente.

APIC position paper: Safe injection, infusion, and medication vial practices in health care.

Science.gov (United States)

Dolan, Susan A; Arias, Kathleen Meehan; Felizardo, Gwen; Barnes, Sue; Kraska, Susan; Patrick, Marcia; Bumsted, Amelia

2016-07-01

The transmission of bloodborne viruses and other microbial pathogens to patients during routine health care procedures continues to occur because of the use of improper injection, infusion, medication vial, and point-of-care testing practices by health care personnel. These unsafe practices occur in various clinical settings and result in unacceptable and devastating events for patients. This document updates the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology 2010 position paper on safe injection, infusion, and medication vial practices in health care. Copyright © 2016 Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Magnitud y frecuencia del transporte fluvial de sedimento en una cuenca mediterránea semihúmeda

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Batalla, Ramón J.

1994-12-01

Full Text Available This study examines the magnitude and frequency of the sediment transport in the Arbúcies drainage basin (Catalan Coastal Ranges. For this purpose, daily discharges for the period 1967-1992 and sediment samples (including dissolved, suspended and bedload obtained during 1991 and 1992 are taken into account Results indicate that dissolved load is more constant through time, while solid material transport is more dependent on flood events, especially those associated with bankfull discharges. Calculations show that sediment yield is dominated by events of high frequency and moderate magnitud associated with the bankfull discharge. Those events occur 2.2% of the time and carry 56% of the annual suspended sediment load and 31% of the annual bedload yield. Effective discharge for bedload transport in the Arbúcies river is, therefore, a relatively frequent flood event of identical magnitude to the bankfull (geomorphic dominant discharge.

[es] Este trabajo examina la magnitud y la frecuencia del transporte de sedimento (material disuelto, sedimento en suspensión y carga de fondo en la cuenca de la riera de Arbúcies (Cordilleras Costeras Catalanas, a partir de los caudales diarios del periodo 1967-1992 y de las muestras de agua y sedimento obtenidas durante los años 1991 y 1992. Los resultados indican que el transporte en disolución es más uniforme en el tiempo que el transporte de material sólido, tanto en suspensión como de fondo. Los cálculos muestran que la carga sólida total depende sobre todo de crecidas frecuentes y de magnitud moderada, correspondientes al nivel de cauce lleno (bankfull. Cabe señalar, en este sentido, que los caudales bankfull suceden el 2,2% del tiempo y transportan el 56% del sedimento en suspensión y el 31% de la carga de fondo total anual. El caudal efectivo para el transporte de sedimento en este río es, por tanto, un suceso relativamente frecuente y de idéntica magnitud al caudal geomorfol

Utilización de los sedimentos de la cuenca de la presa Sepidrud para fabricación de ladrillos de arcilla: experimentos a escala de laboratorio

OpenAIRE

Jamshidi-Chenari, R.; Rabanifar, H.; Veiseh, S.

2015-01-01

Los métodos actuales de eliminación de los sedimentos de las cuencas de las presas no están exentos de problemas de contaminación ambiental y ecológicos. En la actualidad, se está investigando la posibilidad de utilizar los sedimentos dragados para la fabricación de ladrillos, dando prioridad a su valoración como residuos frente a su depósito en vertederos. Sin embargo, los ladrillos, como otros materiales de construcción, deben de cumplir con las correspondientes normas nacionales e internac...

Aluminum elution and precipitation in glass vials: effect of pH and buffer species.

Science.gov (United States)

Ogawa, Toru; Miyajima, Makoto; Wakiyama, Naoki; Terada, Katsuhide

2015-02-01

Inorganic extractables from glass vials may cause particle formation in the drug solution. In this study, the ability of eluting Al ion from borosilicate glass vials, and tendencies of precipitation containing Al were investigated using various pHs of phosphate, citrate, acetate and histidine buffer. Through heating, all of the buffers showed that Si and Al were eluted from glass vials in ratios almost the same as the composition of borosilicate glass, and the amounts of Al and Si from various buffer solutions at pH 7 were in the following order: citrate > phosphate > acetate > histidine. In addition, during storage after heating, the Al concentration at certain pHs of phosphate and acetate buffer solution decreased, suggesting the formation of particles containing Al. In citrate buffer, Al did not decrease in spite of the high elution amount. Considering that the solubility profile of aluminum oxide and the Al eluting profile of borosilicate glass were different, it is speculated that Al ion may be forced to leach into the buffer solution according to Si elution on the surface of glass vials. When Al ions were added to the buffer solutions, phosphate, acetate and histidine buffer showed a decrease of Al concentration during storage at a neutral range of pHs, indicating the formation of particles containing Al. In conclusion, it is suggested that phosphate buffer solution has higher possibility of forming particles containing Al than other buffer solutions.

Análisis de la aplicación de una Auditoría de Seguridad Vial en carreteras concesionadas

OpenAIRE

Torres Márquez, Rolando Roque

2017-01-01

La tesis tiene como objetivo presentar y analizar la aplicación de una Auditoría de Seguridad Vial en un tramo de carretera concesionada ubicado al norte de la ciudad de Lima y que actualmente se encuentra en explotación. Para ello, se presentan los fundamentos conceptuales de la seguridad vial y la auditoría de Seguridad Vial acompañado de una breve explicación de los alcances y ventajas. Así mismo, se desarrollan las actividades que se ejecutaron en la auditoría y las actividades realizadas...

Iodination of monoclonal antibodies for diagnosis and radiotherapy using a convenient one vial method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Haisma, H.J.; Hilgers, J.; Zurawski, V.R. Jr.

1986-01-01

We have developed a convenient system that can be used to iodinate monoclonal antibodies for diagnosis or therapy. A vial, previously coated with 1,3,4,6-tetrachloro-3a, 6a-diphenyl glycouril (iodogen), is used as a reaction vessel. Iodination and separation of bound and free iodide, using AG1-X8 ion exchange resin, are both accomplished in this vial. We found 90 +/- 4% of the iodide which was added was incorporated, respectively, into each of four different monoclonal antibodies evaluated. Approximately 90% of labeled antibody was recovered in each case. The monoclonal antibody OC125 was labeled to specific activities up to 25 mCi/mg. Immunoreactivities of 82 +/- 2% using 125 I and 66 +/- 5% using 131 I were achieved. As the radioiodination is done in one sealed vial and takes less than 15 min, this procedure is safe and can be performed in any nuclear medicine laboratory. The final product, which is sterile and apyrogenic, is suitable for diagnostic and radiotherapeutic applications

Estimativa de erosão pela Equação Universal de Perda de Solo (USLE) e transferência de sedimentos para todo território Brasileiro

OpenAIRE

Javier Dario Pulido Gomez

2012-01-01

O presente trabalho é uma tentativa de validar uma metodologia para estimar a produção de sedimentos para todo território Brasileiro. Foram utilizadas ferramentas de sistemas de informação geográfi ca (GIS), estatística espacial, modelagem e gerenciamento de bancos de dados aplicados a conservação de solos, permitindo combinar a equação Universal de Perda do Solo (USLE) com diferentes modelos de taxa de transferência de sedimentos (SDR). A metodologia utilizou como base de teste dados da rede...

Evaluación vial y plan de rehabilitación y mantenimiento de la vía Azogues- Cojitambo- Déleg- La Raya

OpenAIRE

Garcés Velecela, Diana Patricia

2017-01-01

Contar con una infraestructura vial adecuada permite el desarrollo de cualquier región. De ahí que el mantenimiento de la infraestructura vial es importante para garantizar el buen funcionamiento de la misma. Considerando que en nuestro país durante los últimos años se ha tenido una gran inversión en proyectos viales y muchos de ellos al no tener un adecuado mantenimiento presentan daños prematuros, es necesario, por lo tanto, realizar la evaluación vial y establecer un plan de rehabilitación...

Study and determination of the influence factors of the radiopharmaceutical vials dimensions used for actimeter calibration at IPEN

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Martins, Elaine Wirney

2010-01-01

The efficiency and safety of the nuclear medicine practice depend, among others factors, of a quality control programme, mainly related to the use of the nuclide activity meters (activimeter). One of the most important sources of errors in the activimeter measurements is the thickness, size and volume of the vial that contains the radiopharmaceutical considering that a typical activimeter has its response dependent of the vial used. The objective of this work was to establish a quality control programme and the correction factors for the geometry of the vials used for distribution of radiopharmaceutical and activimeters calibration, considering that the Calibration Laboratory of Instruments (LCI) of the Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN) has a NPL-CRC Secondary Standard Radionuclide Calibrator System, manufactured for the Southern Scientific plc, compound by an ionization chamber well type and a current measurement system, with traceability to National Physical Laboratory (NPL) and calibrated with a P6 vial type with different dimensions of the one used for the IPEN. The radiopharmaceutical produced by IPEN 67 Ga, '1 31 I, 201 Tl and 99 mTc, had been tested using the two different vials. The results shown a maximum variation of 22% for 201 Tl, and the minimum variation was 2.98% for 131 I. The correction factors must be incorporated in the routine calibration of the activimeters. (author)

Distribución y fuentes de fitoesteroles en sedimentos costeros y de ríos del centro-sur de Chile

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luisa Saavedra

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Los fitoesteroles son potenciales disruptores endocrinos. Se cuantificaron fitoesteroles en sedimentos de cuatro zonas costeras y dos ríos en el centro-sur de Chile. Se determinó la concentración de esteroles utilizando cromatografía de gas con espectrómetro de masa y las fuentes de materia orgánica sedimentaria se determinaron utilizando proporciones de esteroles y biomarcadores lipídicos. Las concentraciones de esteroles totales (0,03 a 10,4 μg g-1 se encuentran dentro del rango informado para otros ecosistemas marinos y la concentración de β-sitosterol (0,01 a 2,01 μg g-1 fue menor que la previamente informada para el sistema de surgencia de Perú. Algunas estaciones costeras adyacentes a los ríos presentaron β-sitosterol de origen terrestre. Además se encontró una alta concentración de este compuesto en sedimentos de estaciones más oceánicas, confirmando que este esterol también puede ser producido por fitoplancton. Al considerar la concentración y presencia-ausencia de esteroles en sedimentos, no fue posible encontrar diferencias significativas entre las cuatro áreas costeras. Sin embargo, se obtuvo una clara diferencia entre las áreas costeras y los ríos, así como entre ambos ríos. Considerando todas las estaciones y utilizando diferentes biomarcadores del origen de la materia orgánica, se encontraron algunas áreas con clara influencia terrestre, donde se asume que la fuente de origen de los fitoesteroles (especialmente β-sitosterol podrían ser las plantas vasculares. El río BioBío y su desembocadura poseen una amplia diversidad de esteroles y lípidos, y altos niveles de colesterol y epicholestanol, los que estarían posiblemente relacionados a la presencia de efluentes domésticos provenientes de grandes ciudades. No se observaron claros patrones espaciales entre la ubicación de las industrias de celulosa y la concentración de β-sitosterol en sedimentos, excepto para una estación ubicada en el golfo de

Potencialidad geoquímica de sedimentos glauconíticos de plataforma para la fijación de CO2 atmosférico de origen antropogénico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

2005-01-01

Full Text Available En este estudio se analizó experimentalmente la velocidad de disolución de la glauconita en función del pH. Los resultados se utilizaron para modelar la evolución geoquímica de sedimentos marinos glauconíticos de la plataforma continental, ante una inyección de CO2, y estimar las posibilidades y limitaciones para su fijación en forma de minerales a través de reacciones de carbonatación. Los resultados experimentales muestraron como, en condiciones ácidas, la glauconita es ligeramente más soluble que otros silicatos, dando lugar a productos carbonatados más insolubles. El mecanismo de disolución es incongruente a valores de pH muy ácidos y tiende a ser congruente para valores intermedios y neutros. La superficie reactiva disminuye en el curso del proceso como resultado de la formación de un residuo amorfo. Los datos cinéticos se han empleado para modelar las reacciones de carbonatación en sedimentos marinos mediante cálculos especiación-reacción. En el estudio se evidencia que, para el caso de la glauconita, la eficacia en la fijación de CO2 depende principalmente de dos factores: la propia cinética de disoluciónespeciación del CO2 en los sedimentos y la cinética de liberación del Fe2+. La mayor limitación del proceso de cara a su implementación, es la evolución del pH hacia valores ácidos. Los resultados sugieren que, a mediano plazo, este proceso podría ser optimizado de forma técnica modificando la respuesta de neutralización de los sedimentos mediante la inyección de agentes alcalinizantes y con una selección adecuada, tanto del modo de inyección como de la composición de los sedimentos y de las zonas diagenéticas más favorables.

CRITERIOS E INDICADORES DE SOSTENIBILIDAD EN EL SUBSECTOR VIAL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martha Melizza Ordoñez Díaz

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Actualmente en Colombia el desempeño de un contratista de obra se determina de acuerdo con los avances y resultados obtenidos en la construcción de la misma, mas no por su desempeño ambiental; sin embargo, cualquier tipo de obra civil se puede llevar a cabo con mayor o menor complejidad, dependiendo de la disponibilidad de recursos naturales en la zona y la visión que tenga la comunidad sobre el proyecto, de tal forma que la inversión económica y el tiempo de ejecución no solo dependerá de las actividades y costos netos de las obras civiles sino, además, de factores ambientales y sociales propios del lugar de ejecución. Con esta revisión bibliográfica sobre indicadores y guías ambientales internacionales, se pretende incentivar la sostenibilidad como eje transversal de los proyectos viales en Colombia, fortalecer las medidas de manejo socioambiental y mejorar el seguimiento y evaluación de los proyectos viales en el marco del equilibrio social, ambiental y económico que impulsa el desarrollo sostenible

Solvent Removal and Spore Inactivation Directly in Dispensing Vials with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Sterilant

OpenAIRE

Howell, Jahna; Niu, Fengui; McCabe, Shannon E.; Zhou, Wei; Decedue, Charles J.

2012-01-01

A process is described using supercritical carbon dioxide to extract organic solvents from drug solutions contained in 30-mL serum vials. We report drying times of less than 1 h with quantitative recovery of sterile drug. A six-log reduction of three spore types used as biological indicators is achieved with direct addition of peracetic acid to a final concentration of approximately 5 mM (~0.04 %) to the drug solution in the vial. Analysis of two drugs, acetaminophen and paclitaxel, indicated...

Protect Patients by Using Single- and Multi-Dose Vials Correctly

Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts

2014-07-10

CDC’s One & Only Campaign urges healthcare providers to recognize the differences between single-dose and multi-dose vials, and to understand appropriate use of each container type.  Created: 7/10/2014 by National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID).   Date Released: 7/10/2014.

Proteja a sus seres queridos de las lesiones viales

Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts

2008-12-10

Este podcast, que forma parte de la iniciativa Proteja a sus seres queridos, aborda las medidas que pueden tomar los padres de familia para ayudar a proteger a sus niños de las lesiones viales, una de las principales causas de lesiones infantiles.  Created: 12/10/2008 by National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC).   Date Released: 4/1/2009.

Evaluation of different continuous cell lines in the isolation of mumps virus by the shell vial method from clinical samples

Science.gov (United States)

Reina, J; Ballesteros, F; Mari, M; Munar, M

2001-01-01

Aims—To compare prospectively the efficacy of the Vero, LLC-MK2, MDCK, Hep-2, and MRC-5 cell lines in the isolation of the mumps virus from clinical samples by means of the shell vial method. Methods—During an epidemic outbreak of parotiditis 48 clinical samples (saliva swabs and CSF) were studied. Two vials of the Vero, LLC-MK2, MDCK, MRC-5, and Hep-2 cell lines were inoculated with 0.2 ml of the samples by the shell vial assay. The vials were incubated at 36°C for two and five days. The vials were then fixed with acetone at -20°C for 10 minutes and stained by a monoclonal antibody against mumps virus by means of an indirect immunofluorescence assay. Results—The mumps virus was isolated from 36 samples. The Vero and LLC-MK2 cell lines showed a 100% isolation capacity, MDCK showed 77.7%, MRC-5 showed 44.4%, and Hep-2 showed 22.2%. The Vero and LLC-MK2 lines were significantly different to the other cell lines (p 5 infectious foci) were 94.4% for Vero, 97.2% for LLC-MK2, 5.5% for MDCK, 5.5% for Hep-2, and 0% for MRC-5. Conclusions—The Vero and LLC-MK2 cell lines are equally efficient at two and five days incubation for the isolation of the mumps virus from clinical samples, and the use of the shell vial method considerably shortens the time of aetiological diagnosis with higher specificity. Key Words: mumps virus • Vero cell line • LLC-MK2 cell line • MDCK cell line • Hep-2 cell line • MRC-5 cell line • isolation • shell vial PMID:11729211

Determination of geometry correction factors to different vials used to radiopharmaceutical activity measurements

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kuahara, Lilian T.; Correa, Eduardo L.; Potiens, Maria da Penha A.

2015-01-01

The aim of this study is to present the geometry correction factors and their respective uncertainties to P6 and 10R vials and 3 mL and 5 mL plastic syringes using the reference activity meters present at the Laboratorio de Calibracao de Instrumentos (LCI), IPEN the secondary standard system Capintec NPL-CRC radionuclide calibrator, with traceability to the National Physics Laboratory (NPL), England and the work standard Capintec CRC-15BT and the Capintec CRC-25R. The procedure was made using 99m Tc, which is responsible for about 80 % of the routine procedures in a nuclear medicine service. Variations of up to 40 % between different vials using the same radionuclide were found. (author)

¡La calle también es mía! Los niños, las ciudades y la seguridad vial.

OpenAIRE

Alonso Plá, Francisco Manuel; Esteban Martínez, Cristina; Calatayud Miñana, Constanza; Alamar Rocatí, Beatriz

2009-01-01

El Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Tráfico y Seguridad Vial (INTRAS) y Attitudes (programa social de Audi), tras la publicación del libro "Los niños, las ciudades y la seguridad vial: una visión a partir de la investigación.", se plantearon como actividad complementaria la realización de unas jornadas que cumplieran los siguientes objetivos: • Permitir avanzar en el conocimiento y la implementación de medidas que contribuyan a una mejora de la seguridad vial en el caso concreto...

Development of Conductivity Method as an Alternative to Titration for Hydrolytic Resistance Testing Used for Evaluation of Glass Vials Used in Pharmaceutical Industry.

Science.gov (United States)

Fujimori, Kiyoshi; Lee, Hans; Phillips, Joseph; Nashed-Samuel, Yasser

The European Pharmacopeia surface test to analyze the hydrolytic resistance is a common industrial method to understand and ensure the quality of produced glass vials. Hydrolytic resistance is evaluated by calculating the alkalinity of water extract from autoclaved vials by titration. As an alternative to this titration technique, a conductivity technique was assessed, which directly measures the ions in the water extract. A conductivity meter with a 12 mm diameter electrode was calibrated with a 100 μS/cm conductivity standard and carryover minimized by rinsing the probe in a water beaker per analysis. The limit of quantification at 1 μS/cm was determined as having a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 compared with the water blank. The conductivity method was selective for glass-composing elements (boron, sodium, aluminum, silicon, potassium, and calcium) within the vial extract. Accuracies of spiked conductivity standard within the range of 1 to 100 μS/cm were ±7% and had linearity with coefficient of determination (R 2 ) of ≥0.9999. Intraday precision had a relative standard deviation (RSD) (n = 5) of ≤6% for spiked conductivity standard within the range of 1 to 100 μS/cm. Interday precision had a RSD (n = 4) of ≤6% for 10 vials from three glass vial lots. Conductivity of water extracts from nine sets of seven lots of glass vials had a precise linear relationship [R 2 = 0.9876, RSD = 1% (n = 9)] with titration volumes of the same lots. Conductivity results in μS/cm could be converted to titration volumes in milliliters by a conversion factor of 0.0275. The simplicity, sample stability, and individual vial analysis of the conductivity technique were more advantageous than the current titration technique. The quality of glass vials used as primary containers in the pharmaceutical industry is of concern due to recent observations of glass flake-like delamination, or lamellae, under specific storage conditions. The current European Pharmacopoeia method to assess

Vaccine vial stopper performance for fractional dose delivery of vaccines.

Science.gov (United States)

Jarrahian, Courtney; Myers, Daniel; Creelman, Ben; Saxon, Eugene; Zehrung, Darin

2017-07-03

Shortages of vaccines such as inactivated poliovirus and yellow fever vaccines have been addressed by administering reduced-or fractional-doses, as recommended by the World Health Organization Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization, to expand population coverage in countries at risk. We evaluated 3 kinds of vaccine vial stoppers to assess their performance after increased piercing from repeated withdrawal of doses needed when using fractional doses (0.1 mL) from presentations intended for full-dose (0.5 mL) delivery. Self-sealing capacity and fragmentation of the stopper were assessed via modified versions of international standard protocols. All stoppers maintained self-sealing capacity after 100 punctures. The damage to stoppers measured as the fragmentation rate was within the target of ≤ 10% of punctures resulting in a fragment after as many as 50 punctures. We concluded that stopper failure is not likely to be a concern if existing vaccine vials containing up to 10 regular doses are used up to 50 times for fractional dose delivery.

Influence of storage vial material on measurement of organophosphate flame retardant metabolites in urine.

Science.gov (United States)

Carignan, Courtney C; Butt, Craig M; Stapleton, Heather M; Meeker, John D; Minguez-Alarcón, Lidia; Williams, Paige L; Hauser, Russ

2017-08-01

Use of organophosphate flame retardants (PFRs) has increased over the past decade with the phase out of polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Urinary metabolites of PFRs are used as biomarkers of exposure in epidemiologic research, which typically uses samples collected and stored in polypropylene plastic cryovials. However, a small study suggested that the storage vial material may influence reported concentrations. Therefore, we aimed to examine the influence of the storage vial material on analytical measurement of PFR urinary metabolites. Using urine samples collected from participants in the Environment and Reproductive Health (EARTH) Study, we analyzed the PFR metabolites in duplicate aliquots that were stored in glass and plastic vials (n = 31 pairs). Bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP), diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) and isopropyl-phenyl phenyl phosphate (ip-PPP) were detected in 98%, 97% and 87% of duplicates. We observed high correlations between glass-plastic duplicates for BDCIPP (r s  = 0.95), DPHP (r s  = 0.79) and ip-PPP (r s  = 0.82) (p samples stored in glass, with a mean relative difference of 14%. While this difference is statistically significant, it is small in magnitude. No differences were observed for BDCIPP or DPHP, however future research should seek to reduce the potential for type II error (false negatives). We conclude that storing urine samples in polypropylene plastic cryovials may result in slightly reduced concentrations of urinary ip-PPP relative to storage in glass vials and future research should seek to increase the sample size, reduce background variability and consider the material of the urine collection cup. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Armonización del protocolo de evaluación de calidad de sedimentos y materiales dragados en zonas de estuarios y portuarias del Atlántico

OpenAIRE

Brasil Choueri, Rodrigo

2008-01-01

La armonización de los protocolos para la caracterización ambiental de los sedimentos y material diagado de dragado en Brasil y España fue basada en la aplicación de un método de evaluación integrado para estimar la calidad de los sedimentos y materiales de dragado en dos zonas portuarias de Brasil (Sistema de estuarios de Santos y Sistema de estuarios de Paranaguá) y tres en el Golfo de Cádiz, España (Ría de Huelva, Bahía de Cádiz y Bahía de Algeciras). El método, desarrollado en el ecosiste...

A quality improvement project to reduce the intraoperative use of single-dose fentanyl vials across multiple patients in a pediatric institution.

Science.gov (United States)

Buck, David; Subramanyam, Rajeev; Varughese, Anna

2016-01-01

The use of a single-dose vial across multiple patients presents a risk to sterility and is against CDC guidelines. We initiated a quality improvement (QI) project to reduce the intraoperative use of single-dose vials of fentanyl across multiple patients at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC). The initial step of the improvement project was the development of a Key Driver Diagram. The diagram has the SMART aim of the project, key drivers inherent to the process we are trying to improve, and specific interventions targeting the key drivers. The number of patients each week receiving an IV dose of fentanyl, from a vial previously accessed for another patient was tracked in a high turnover operating room (OR). The improvement model used was based on the concept of building Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles. Tests of change included provider education, provision of an increased number of fentanyl vials, alternate wasting processes, and provision of single-use fentanyl syringes by the pharmacy. Prior to initiation of this project, it was common for a single fentanyl vial to be accessed for multiple patients. Our data showed an average percentage of failures of just over 50%. During the end of the project, after 7 months, the mean percentage failures had dropped to 5%. Preparation of 20 mcg single-use fentanyl syringes by pharmacy, combined with education of providers on appropriate use, was successful in reducing failures to below our goal of 25%. Appropriately sized fentanyl syringes prepared by pharmacy, education on correct use of single-dose vials, and reminders in the OR, reduced the percentage of patients receiving a dose of fentanyl from a vial previously accessed for another patient in a high-volume otolaryngology room. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Determination of the influence factors of the radiopharmaceutical vials dimensions used for activimeter calibration at IPEN.

Science.gov (United States)

Martins, E W; Potiens, M P A

2012-07-01

This paper presents the establishment of a quality control program and correction factors for the geometry of the vials used for distribution of radiopharmaceutical and activimeters calibration. The radiopharmaceutical produced by IPEN 67Ga, 131I, 201Tl and 99mTc had been tested using two different vials. Results show a maximum variation of 22% for 201Tl, and the minimum variation was 2.98% for 131I. The correction factors must be incorporated in the routine calibration of the activimeters. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Time-to-positivity, type of culture media and oxidase test performed on positive blood culture vials to predict Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with Gram-negative bacilli bacteraemia.

Science.gov (United States)

Cobos-Triguero, N; Zboromyrska, Y; Morata, L; Alejo, I; De La Calle, C; Vergara, A; Cardozo, C; Arcas, M P; Soriano, A; Marco, F; Mensa, J; Almela, M; Martínez, J A

2017-02-01

The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of oxidase test and time-to-positivity (TTP) in aerobic and anaerobic blood culture vials to detect the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) bacteraemia. TTP was recorded for each aerobic and anaerobic blood culture vial of monomicrobial bacteraemia due to GNB. Oxidase test was performed in a pellet of the centrifuged content of the positive blood culture. An algorithm was developed in order to perform the oxidase test efficiently taking into account TTP and type of vial. A total of 341 episodes of GNB bacteraemia were analysed. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the oxidase test performed on positive vials with GNB to predict P. aeruginosa were 95%, 99%, 91%, and 99%, respectively. When growth was first or exclusively detected in anaerobic vials, P. aeruginosa was never identified hence the performance of the oxidase test could be avoided. When growth was only or first detected in aerobic vials, a TTP≥8h predicted P. aeruginosa in 37% or cases (63 of 169), therefore oxidase test is highly recommended. Oxidase test performed onto positive blood culture vials previously selected by TTP and type of vials is an easy and inexpensive way to predict P. aeruginosa. In most cases, this can lead to optimization of treatment in less than 24 hours.

Vial usage, device dead space, vaccine wastage, and dose accuracy of intradermal delivery devices for inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV).

Science.gov (United States)

Jarrahian, Courtney; Rein-Weston, Annie; Saxon, Gene; Creelman, Ben; Kachmarik, Greg; Anand, Abhijeet; Zehrung, Darin

2017-03-27

Intradermal delivery of a fractional dose of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) offers potential benefits compared to intramuscular (IM) delivery, including possible cost reductions and easing of IPV supply shortages. Objectives of this study were to assess intradermal delivery devices for dead space, wastage generated by the filling process, dose accuracy, and total number of doses that can be delivered per vial. Devices tested included syringes with staked (fixed) needles (autodisable syringes and syringes used with intradermal adapters), a luer-slip needle and syringe, a mini-needle syringe, a hollow microneedle device, and disposable-syringe jet injectors with their associated filling adapters. Each device was used to withdraw 0.1-mL fractional doses from single-dose IM glass vials which were then ejected into a beaker. Both vial and device were weighed before and after filling and again after expulsion of liquid to record change in volume at each stage of the process. Data were used to calculate the number of doses that could potentially be obtained from multidose vials. Results show wide variability in dead space, dose accuracy, overall wastage, and total number of doses that can be obtained per vial among intradermal delivery devices. Syringes with staked needles had relatively low dead space and low overall wastage, and could achieve a greater number of doses per vial compared to syringes with a detachable luer-slip needle. Of the disposable-syringe jet injectors tested, one was comparable to syringes with staked needles. If intradermal delivery of IPV is introduced, selection of an intradermal delivery device can have a substantial impact on vaccine wasted during administration, and thus on the required quantity of vaccine that needs to be purchased. An ideal intradermal delivery device should be not only safe, reliable, accurate, and acceptable to users and vaccine recipients, but should also have low dead space, high dose accuracy, and low overall

Variabilidade temporal do volume e caracterização física e química dos sedimentos do açude São José III no Cariri Paraibano

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Danilo Rodrigues Monteiro

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Esse trabalho teve como objetivo analisar os características físico-químicas do sedimento do Açude de São José III, situado no município de São José dos Cordeiros no estado da Paraíba, bem como a pluviometria da região e o volume do manancial nos últimos 5 anos. Realizou-se a coleta do sedimento no Açude São José III, em três pontos distintos (A-Fundo do manancial; B-Margem do açude – depósito de resíduos; C-Margem do açude-área agricultável a uma profundidade de 0-30 cm com auxílio de trado manual, pás plásticas e tubos de PVC (50 mm de diâmetro e acondicionadas em sacos plásticos. Após a coleta, as amostras passaram por secagem ao ar, destorroadas e enviadas ao Laboratório de Irrigação e Salinidade (LIS-UFCG, para realização das análises física e químicas. Afirma-se com os dados pluviométricos o ano que apresentou a maior média foi o de 2009 (103,89 mm e o de menor foi o de 2012 (16,59 mm. A análise granulométrica dos sedimentos revelou que o sedimento da amostra A (Fundo do Manancial possui 50,06% de argila. As amostras de sedimento B (Margem do Manancial – Depósito de resíduos e C (Margem do Manancial - Área agricultável apresentaram uma fração de areia superior (B-80,74%; C-62,64%, na caracterização química percebeu-se que a razão C/N obtida nas amostras do açude São José III possuem origem de ambientes terrestres e aquáticos.Temporal variability of the volume and physical and chemical characterization of sediment weir São José III in Cariri ParaibanoAbstract: This study has how to objective to analyze the physical and chemical characteristics of the sediment of São José III, located in São José dos Cordeiros - PB, as well as the rainfall of the region and the volume of the weir the last 5 years. Held  the collection of the sediment weir São José III, at three different points (A-Fund of the weir, B-border of the weir - waste disposal; C-Border of the weir - arable area to a

Biodegradation of [14C]phenol in secondary sewage and landfill leachate measured by double-vial radiorespirometry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Deeley, G.M.; Skierkowski, P.; Robertson, J.M.

1985-01-01

Double-vial radiorespirometry was used to estimate the biodegradation rates of 14 C-labeled phenol in a landfill leachate and a secondary treated domestic wastewater. Rates were found to be comparable for each material at each of the three concentrations tested. Sewage microorganisms immediately began biodegrading the [ 14 C]phenol; landfill leachate microorganisms required a lag period before maximum biodegradation of the [ 14 C]phenol. The apparent rate of [ 14 C]phenol biodegradation was 2.4 times faster in the sewage than in the landfill leachate. Double-vial radiorespirometry was shown to be an effective method for screening biodegradation rates in aquifers

La Eficacia Publicitaria en las Campañas de Prevención para la Seguridad Vial

OpenAIRE

Serrano Cordero, Julia Catalina; Arévalo Peña, José David

2017-01-01

Este artículo aborda la importancia de los procesos de evaluación de los resultados en las campañas de educación y seguridad vial, éstos, si bien, han alcanzado notables progresos en la praxis, evidencian una falta de información en cuanto a la pertinencia e idoneidad de las herramientas de comunicación en prevención. El objetivo fue validar una campaña de educación y seguridad vial implementada por la Empresa Municipal de Tránsito y Transporte de la ciudad de Cuenca (Ecuador), en el año 2014...

Determinación de indicadores para la calidad de agua, sedimentos y suelos, marinos y costeros en puertos colombianos

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Quintero Rendón Luz A.

2011-11-01

Full Text Available Los puertos, debido al uso de los espacios costeros y como consecuencia de las actividades inherentes a su función, están alterando las condiciones naturales de la calidad de aguas, sedimentos y suelos. Las zonas portuarias generalmente compartidas con otro tipo de actividades como la pesca, la recreación, entre otras, son receptoras de descargas de los sistemas de tratamiento de agua residual de efluentes industriales, efluentes domésticos, o aguas de escorrentía, bien sea por emisiones puntuales o difusas. Esta es una propuesta de rediseño de las variables que han venido monitoreándose por mucho tiempo en los puertos colombianos, y está encaminada al establecimiento de una nueva y amplia oferta de variables que contienen información muy relevante para definir las características físicas, químicas y microbiológicas de los cuerpos de agua, sedimentos marinos y suelos a monitorear en zonas portuarias, con el fin de mejorar la gestión y disminuir los riesgos asociados a la calidad ambiental, generados por la actividad.

Efeitos de cenários de uso do solo sobre o regime hidríco e produção de sedimentos na bacia do Ribeirão Concórdia - SC

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Mauricio Perazzoli

2013-10-01

Full Text Available O uso inadequado dos solos agrícolas vem causando a perda gradual da sua capacidade produtiva e a degradação dos recursos hídricos por sedimentos e poluentes. O uso do solo pode afetar os processos hidrológicos e a erosão do solo na bacia. O objetivo do trabalho foi simular diferentes cenários de uso do solo para a bacia hidrográfica do ribeirão Concórdia, utilizando o modelo SWAT, e analisar os efeitos dessas mudanças no fluxo de água e de sedimentos. Os cenários gerados foram agricultura, mata nativa e pastagem. A bacia está localizada no sul do Brasil e possui uma área de drenagem de 30,74 km². Na etapa de calibração, obteve-se coeficente de eficiência Nash-Sutcliffe mensais de 0,82 para escoamento e 0,83 para sedimento. O cenário mata nativa apresentou o maior decréscimo na vazão média, em relação ao cenário atual, cerca de 8,70%. O cenário agricultura produziu a maior taxa de produção de sedimentos, aproximadamente 3 vezes maior que o cenário atual.Observou-se que alterações no uso do solo impactam o regime e a disponibilidade hídrica da bacia.

Development of a correction factor for Xe-133 vials for use with a dose calibrator

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gels, G.L.; Piltingsrud, H.V.

1982-01-01

Manufacturers of dose calibrators who give calibration settings for various radionuclies sometimes do not specify the type of radionuclide container the calibration is for. The container, moreover, may not be of the same type as those a user might purchase. When these factors are not considered, the activity administered to the patient may be significantly different from that intended. An experiment is described in which calibration factors are determined for measurement of Xe-133 activity in vials in a dose calibrator. This was accomplished by transferring the Xe-133 from the commercial vials to standard NBS calibration ampules. Based on ten such transfers, the resulting correction factor for the dose calibrator was 1.22

Red Vial de Nicaragua (Optimización y Mantenimiento)

OpenAIRE

Wilfredo Martínez

2013-01-01

La red vial es un patrimonio nacional, el cual es necesario: proteger, conservar, aumentar y mejorar; para apoyar eldesarrollo socioeconómico de nuestro país. La actividad de mantenimiento, constituye un factor determinante quegarantiza la operación satisfactoria del transporte durante la vida útil de los caminos; en sus diferentes modalidades. La ausencia de un mantenimiento preventivo y de un mantenimiento correctivo tardío, conduce a que la inversiónrealizada sufra una depreciación más ac...

Análisis y modelado del comportamiento de lixiviación de metales de sedimentos contaminados en contacto con fugas de CO2 procedentes de sistemas de captura y almacenamiento de carbono (CAC)

OpenAIRE

Payán Fraile, María de la Cruz

2013-01-01

RESUMEN: La Captura y Almacenamiento de Carbono (CAC)es una técnica objeto de intensivo estudio por la comunidad investigadora internacional debido a su potencial para reducir los gases de efecto invernadero. Es importante evaluar las consecuencias de las potenciales fugas de CO2 de sistemas CAC en sedimentos y en el fondo marino. Los metales y contaminantes orgánicos se liberarían de sedimentos contaminados debido a la acidificación del agua de mar. El objetivo de esta tesis es generar conoc...

The pharmaceutical vial capping process: Container closure systems, capping equipment, regulatory framework, and seal quality tests.

Science.gov (United States)

Mathaes, Roman; Mahler, Hanns-Christian; Buettiker, Jean-Pierre; Roehl, Holger; Lam, Philippe; Brown, Helen; Luemkemann, Joerg; Adler, Michael; Huwyler, Joerg; Streubel, Alexander; Mohl, Silke

2016-02-01

Parenteral drug products are protected by appropriate primary packaging to protect against environmental factors, including potential microbial contamination during shelf life duration. The most commonly used CCS configuration for parenteral drug products is the glass vial, sealed with a rubber stopper and an aluminum crimp cap. In combination with an adequately designed and controlled aseptic fill/finish processes, a well-designed and characterized capping process is indispensable to ensure product quality and integrity and to minimize rejections during the manufacturing process. In this review, the health authority requirements and expectations related to container closure system quality and container closure integrity are summarized. The pharmaceutical vial, the rubber stopper, and the crimp cap are described. Different capping techniques are critically compared: The most common capping equipment with a rotating capping plate produces the lowest amount of particle. The strength and challenges of methods to control the capping process are discussed. The residual seal force method can characterize the capping process independent of the used capping equipment or CCS. We analyze the root causes of several cosmetic defects associated with the vial capping process. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

LA IMPORTANCIA DE LOS EJES DE FIJACIÓN DEL PAISAJE URBANO EN LA EDUCACIÓN VIAL

OpenAIRE

Nina, Mónica Marianela; Filippeti, Rosana; Pauletto, Selva del Valle

2012-01-01

La enseñanza de los ejes de fijación en el espacio urbano son elementos que deben ser vinculados con la educación vial ya que la misma no forma parte del diseño curricular en la educación formal. El propósito del presente trabajo es que a través de la enseñanza de las funciones de las arterias de circulación como calles, avenidas, rutas, autopistas se busca la toma de conciencia de los jóvenes de la importancia de conocer los principios de la educación vial para prevenir los accidentes de trá...

Stability of Procainamide Injection in Clear Glass Vials and Polyvinyl Chloride Bags.

Science.gov (United States)

Donnelly, Ronald F

2017-11-01

The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical stability of procainamide hydrochloride, 100 mg/mL, when repackaged in clear glass vials or diluted to 3 mg/mL with normal saline and packaged in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bags when stored at either 23°C and exposed to light (ETL) or 5°C and protected from light (PFL). Solutions were assayed using a stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography method. Samples (5 mL) were collected from triplicate containers on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 56, 91, and 193. Color/clarity and pH changes were also monitored at each time interval. During the study, all samples remained clear and there was only a slight pH change. The color of the solutions stored at 23°C intensified but did not correlate with a significant decrease in concentration, while solutions stored at 5°C remained unchanged. Solutions repackaged in glass vials were stable for 193 days when stored at 23ºC and ETL or 5ºC and PFL. When further diluted to 3 mg/mL with normal saline and packaged in PVC bags, procainamide was also stable for 193 days at either 23ºC and ETL or 5°C and PFL. The stability of procainamide, 100 mg/mL, repackaged in clear glass vials was 193 days when stored at either 23ºC and ETL or 5ºC or PFL. If diluted further to 3 mg/mL with normal saline and packaged in PVC bags, the drug was also stable for 193 days at either 23ºC and ETL or 5°C and PFL.

Preparation of one-vial reduced anti-CEA kit

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hamada, Elena Setuko; Muramoto, Emiko; Shiraishi, Emilia Mayumi; Silva, Licia Maria Britto da; Martins, Heidi Pinto; Silva, Constanca Pagano Goncalves da

1996-01-01

A rapid and reliable instant reduced anti-CEA lyophilized kit for labelling with 99m Tc was developed. Each vial contains 0.5 mg of reduced anti-CEA, 40 μg of mendronate (MDP), 2.75 μg stannous fluoride (Sn F 2 ) and 15 μ g p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA). Labeling efficiency and stability were higher than 95% and were determined by instant paper chromatography. Biodistribution studies were performed in normal isogenic BALB/c mice at 4,6 and 24 hours after intravenous administration of the radiolabelled product. The maximum amount of activity was accumulated in the liver followed by intestines and kidneys. (author)

Efecto de sedimentos naturales enriquecidos con zinc, en modelos aislados y en microcosmos, sobre tres especies de invertebrados bentónicos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcela Galar Martínez

2006-06-01

Full Text Available En los cuerpos acuáticos la disponibilidad de los tóxicos es limitada por las características fisicoquímicas de los sedimentos y agua, así como por las interacciones entre los diversos xenobióticos y entre las especies que los habitan. Por lo anterior, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue relacionar el efecto producido por el zinc (Zn sembrado en sedimentos del embalse Ignacio Ramírez (PIR, en modelos aislados y en microcosmos, sobre el ATP de tres organismos bentónicos con la biodisponibilidad del metal. Las especies seleccionadas fueron: Hyalella azteca, Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri y Stagnicola attenuata, dado que se encuentran en altas proporciones en el embalse y ocupan espacios diferentes en el bentos. Las muestras de sedimentos y organismos se colectaron en la estación de sequía (febrero de 1999. A los primeros se les determinó el pH, textura, tamaño de partícula, nitrógeno total, materia orgánica y concentración de metales (Zn, Fe, Cu y Ni. Posteriormente se realizó un estudio de toxicidad subletal utilizando dos tipos de sistemas estáticos (organismos aislados y en microcosmos. Ambos modelos contenían sedimentos de la PIR enriquecidos con Zn (concentración nominal de 0.8129 mg/kg y agua sintética en una proporción de 1:4. Los organismos de prueba fueron adicionados una vez alcanzado el equilibrio (2 hr considerando la cantidad de biomasa con respecto al volumen (1.0 g de organismo por cada 100 ml de agua:sedimento. Después de 0, 12, 24, 36, 48 y 72 hr de exposición se tomaron muestras del sedimento y de los hidrobiontes, a los cuales se les cuantificó el contenido de Zn por absorción atómica. A los organismos también se les determinó la concentración de ATP. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el efecto producido por los sedimentos naturales enriquecidos se ve potenciado por la presencia de más de una especie en el sistema (microcosmos. Con respecto a los niveles de Zn, dos de los organismos (L. hoffmeisteri

Dinámica y Evolución de las Barreras Medanosas, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina

OpenAIRE

Frederico I. Isla; Luis C. Cortizo; Horacio A. Turno Orellano

2001-01-01

Las barreras medanosas Oriental y Austral de Buenos Aires se originaron como consecuencia de la fluctuación holocena del nivel del mar que dejó abundante sedimento litoral que migró hacia el interior. De acuerdo a dataciones radiocarbónicas de materiales obtenidos por debajo de los niveles medanosos se reconocen 3 ciclos de generación de médanos costeros. El primero se originó con posterioridad a la colmatación de ambientes estuarinos (...

Estrés producido por sedimentos contaminados con níquel en una granja de trucha arcoiris, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Pisces: Salmonidae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Laura Martínez-Tabche

2002-12-01

Full Text Available Estudios previos indicaron la presencia de elevadas concentraciones de níquel (Ni en los estanques de la granja "El Truchón", por tal motivo fue necesario establecer correlaciones entre las propiedades fisicoquímicas de los sedimentos de este embalse y el daño que puede producirse sobre la trucha arcoiris cuyo cultivo se lleva a cabo en un reservorio denominado rústico. El estudio se inició con la determinación de las propiedades fisicoquímicas de los sedimentos de la granja, las cuales incluyeron: composición granular, porcentaje de nitrógeno total, contenido de materia orgánica, pH, potencial redox, capacidad de intercambio canónico y la concentración de Ni. Se determinó la CLSO del Ni-96 H sobre Oncorhynchus mykiss en el sistema agua-sedimentos de la granja-metal al equilibrio. En este mismo sistema se evaluó la toxicidad subletal del Ni, mediante la determinación de niveles de metalotioneina (MT, la actividad de la o-desmetilasa (OD y la concentración de proteínas. Los resultados muestran un incremento significativo en los tres parámetros bioquímicos, observándose una relación linear entre efecto y concentración del Ni, por lo que estos biomarcadores de daño se recomiendan para evaluar la toxicidad del Ni. Probablemente estos efectos se deban a las propiedades fisicoquímicas del sedimento que le confiere alta capacidad de absorber el metal. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos en este estudio se sugiere al truticultor no emplear estanques rústicos, sino aquellos revestidos de concreto, para evitar la acumulación de sustancias tóxicas o bien realizar remociones periódicas de su sedimento.Previous studies indicated the presence of high concentrations of nickel in the "El truchón" ponds (in México, so it was necessary to find a possible correlation between sediment physicochemical properties of this water body and the damage that could be produced on the rainbow trout which culture is done in a rustic reservoir

Selección de alternativas de inversión en la construcción de obras viales en la ciudad de México

OpenAIRE

Palomas-Molina, X.; Álvarez-Icaza, L.

2010-01-01

Se propone un método sistemático con el que se analiza un conjunto de nodos viales de la ciudad de México con altos índices de ocupación para decidir sobre la posible realización de algunos tipos de obras viales en los mismos. El método permite obtener, a través del análisis estadístico de información y de la programación entera, las mejores opciones para invertir en la construcción de estas obras viales bajo un escenario de recursos limitados. La decisión se toma por un lado, con base en los...

Determination of {sup 226}Ra by gamma spectrometry: study of packaging vial of sample for analysis; Determinacao de {sup 226}Ra por espectrometria gama: estudo do recipiente de acondicionamento de amostra para analise

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Carneiro, Andre Cavalcanti

2015-07-01

Determination of radioactivity levels of {sup 226}Ra by gamma spectrometry in a sample is based on measurements of {sup 214}Pb and {sup 214}Bi, daughters of {sup 222}Rn. Because radon is a gas, it can leak from the sample vial or accumulate on the upper empty it. If the vial has any crack, there will be loss of gas, which will cause error in determining the {sup 226}Ra concentration. One possible cause of cracks in the vials, that houses standards and samples, is the radiolysis action in the vial material, usually a polymer. As the demand {sup 226}Ra analysis in different matrices (geological samples, food, plants, etc.) is increasing, it was decided to study some polymer vials available on the market, to verify the feasibility to be used when is applied the analysis method using gamma spectrometry. Four types of polymer vials have been studied. The radiation doses in walls of the vials caused by natural radionuclides present in the sample were simulated using gamma irradiation. Tests, such as compressive strength test and tightness, were applied to the irradiated and non-irradiated vials. First, to verify the effect of radiolysis on the vial material and also if there was {sup 222}Rn diffusion in their walls. These preliminary results pointed out that the acrylic vials are the best option of packaging samples for analysis. This study should be repeated in a larger number of samples for a better evaluation. (author)

SELECCIÓN DE BACTERIAS CON CAPACIDAD DEGRADADORA DE HIDROCARBUROS AISLADAS A PARTIR DE SEDIMENTOS DEL CARIBE COLOMBIANO

OpenAIRE

Narváez-Flórez, Silvia; L. Gómez, Martha; Martínez, María M.

2008-01-01

A partir de sedimentos del Caribe colombiano se realizaron 31 aislamientos bacterianos en medio mínimo de sales suplementado con hidrocarburos (ACPM o petróleo crudo) como única fuente de carbono. Las cepas aisladas se sometieron a pruebas de selección en diferentes concentraciones de hidrocarburos y se escogieron once de ellas tolerantes al crudo y ACPM en un ámbito del 1-8% v/v. Posteriormente, con las cepas seleccionadas, se conformó un cultivo bacteriano mixto y se evaluó su capacidad de ...

Caracterización de Algunos Parámetros Físico Químicos del Agua y Sedimento del Lago Zempoala, Morelos, México Caracterización de Algunos Parámetros Físico Químicos del Agua y Sedimento del Lago Zempoala, Morelos, México

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Isela Molina Estudillo

2012-02-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se analizaron algunas condiciones físicas y químicas del agua y sedimento del Lago Zempoala durante un ciclo anual. Este cuerpo de agua puede considerarse como monomíctico. El oxígeno disuelto y el bióxido de carbono presentaron valores que indicanprocesos de descomposición, sobre todo en algunas áreas de la zona litoral y en el fondo, relacionado esto con la concentración de materia orgánica; se considera que el proceso continuo de eutrofización, provocado por diversas razones, permite observar claras diferencias entre la zona trofolítica y la tropogénica en este lago. El sedimento se caracterizó como rico en materia orgánica, con zonas en donde el pH tiende a la acidez y presenta cantidades variantes de nutrientes, correspondiendo al grado de descomposición del detritus. Las condiciones y dinámica del sedimento, se ven reflejadas en el resto de la columna de agua, considerándolo un sistema productivo con tendencia a la eutrofización.In this study the authors analyze physical and chemical conditions of the water and sedimentin the Zempoala Lake during an annual cycle. This lake can be considered monomictic. The dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide presented values that indicate a decomposition process mainly in some areas of the shore and in the bottom of the lake, which is related to the concentration of organic matter; it is considered that the continuous process of eutrophicationis caused by a diversity of reasons, and distinct differences between the tropholitic and thetrophogenic area are observed in this lake. The sediment is characterized as rich in organicmatter, with areas where the pH tends to be more acidic and presents varying quantities of nutrients depending on the degree of decomposition of the detritus. The conditions and dynamics of the sediment, consistent throughout the lake, indicate that it is a productive system with atendency toward eutrophication.

Solvent removal and spore inactivation directly in dispensing vials with supercritical carbon dioxide and sterilant.

Science.gov (United States)

Howell, Jahna; Niu, Fengui; McCabe, Shannon E; Zhou, Wei; Decedue, Charles J

2012-06-01

A process is described using supercritical carbon dioxide to extract organic solvents from drug solutions contained in 30-mL serum vials. We report drying times of less than 1 h with quantitative recovery of sterile drug. A six-log reduction of three spore types used as biological indicators is achieved with direct addition of peracetic acid to a final concentration of approximately 5 mM (~0.04 %) to the drug solution in the vial. Analysis of two drugs, acetaminophen and paclitaxel, indicated no drug degradation as a result of the treatment. Furthermore, analysis of the processed drug substance showed that no residual peracetic acid could be detected in the final product. We have demonstrated an effective means to simultaneously dry and sterilize active pharmaceutical ingredients from organic solvents directly in a dispensing container.

La Webquest como innovación educativa en el ámbito de la educación vial

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rosa María GOIG MARTÍNEZ

2013-01-01

Full Text Available La Educación Vial en las edades tempranas se puede implementar a través de cuentos, talleres, rincones de juego, patios de recreo, salidas extraescolares, actividades de psicomotricidad. Sin embargo, es importante destacar el papel de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación en el enriquecimiento de las propuestas de aula en relación a la Educación Vial, tomándolas como recurso complementario, en nuestro contexto, la Webquest. Sin olvidar la necesidad de seguir trabajando con los niños y las niñas situaciones reales ligadas a sus experiencias vitales en materia de Educación Vial, pues el mundo real nunca debiera ser desplazado por el mundo virtual en ningún caso, máxime si tenemos en cuenta que se trata de la etapa de Educación Infantil. El objetivo general de este artículo es corroborar que la Webquest constituye una auténtica oportunidad para innovar en el ámbito de la Educación Vial, ofreciendo al alumnado experiencias didácticas coherentes y complementarias desde la etapa de Educación Infantil. La metodología, de carácter cuantitativo y cualitativo, se desarrolló a través de la aplicación de un cuestionario, de una entrevista, del análisis documental y su triangulación, finalizando con el análisis de los datos obtenidos. Una de las conclusiones obtenidas expone que la Webquest es un recurso que nos facilita el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje y aumenta la motivación tanto en alumnos como en agentes educativos.

Desarrollo de proyectos viales y aportes del estado en terrenos

OpenAIRE

Beatriz Marulanda; Miguel Montes

2004-01-01

Este artículo tiene como objetivo central identificar las condiciones bajo las cuales es factible que el aporte estatal a un proyecto vial (en el contexto de asociaciones público privadas) esté representado por cesión de terrenos y derechos de uso exclusivo de los mismos en zonas aledañas a una carretera concesionada. En el desarrollo del trabajo, se busca, en particular: 1) Identificar los aspectos críticos que se deben prever para organizar los concursos, valorar y negociar los aportes públ...

Hacia el desarrollo sostenible en la seguridad vial : el caso holandés.

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Wegman, F.C.M.

1999-01-01

En esta ponencia, se hace un estudio general sobre la Seguridad Vial en los Países Bajos, mostrando la evolución del indice de accidentes. Se indican cuales son los objetivos fijados por el Gobierno neerlandés y la estrategia a seguir desde el punto de vista político. Aparece el concepto de

Simple and accurate quantification of BTEX in ambient air by SPME and GC-MS.

Science.gov (United States)

Baimatova, Nassiba; Kenessov, Bulat; Koziel, Jacek A; Carlsen, Lars; Bektassov, Marat; Demyanenko, Olga P

2016-07-01

Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) comprise one of the most ubiquitous and hazardous groups of ambient air pollutants of concern. Application of standard analytical methods for quantification of BTEX is limited by the complexity of sampling and sample preparation equipment, and budget requirements. Methods based on SPME represent simpler alternative, but still require complex calibration procedures. The objective of this research was to develop a simpler, low-budget, and accurate method for quantification of BTEX in ambient air based on SPME and GC-MS. Standard 20-mL headspace vials were used for field air sampling and calibration. To avoid challenges with obtaining and working with 'zero' air, slope factors of external standard calibration were determined using standard addition and inherently polluted lab air. For polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fiber, differences between the slope factors of calibration plots obtained using lab and outdoor air were below 14%. PDMS fiber provided higher precision during calibration while the use of Carboxen/PDMS fiber resulted in lower detection limits for benzene and toluene. To provide sufficient accuracy, the use of 20mL vials requires triplicate sampling and analysis. The method was successfully applied for analysis of 108 ambient air samples from Almaty, Kazakhstan. Average concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and o-xylene were 53, 57, 11 and 14µgm(-3), respectively. The developed method can be modified for further quantification of a wider range of volatile organic compounds in air. In addition, the new method is amenable to automation. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Contenido de metales en sedimentos y en Emerita analoga (Stimpson, 1857, en bahía Mejillones del Sur, Chile

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Marcos Guiñez

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Se determinó la concentración de Cu, Cd, Ni y Zn en sedimentos intermareales y Emérita analoga (Stimpson, 1857, en ocho sectores de la bahía de Mejillones del sur, Chile. Sólo el Zn presentó un cierto grado de contaminación en los sedimentos de la bahía con un índice de geoacumulación de 2,8. Al analizar el contenido de metales en E. analoga, se determinó que esta especie estaría bioacumulando algunos de los metales analizados pero en baja magnitud, a excepción del Zn con un factor de bioacumulación de 2,07. El dendrograma de similitud realizado con datos del índice de bioacumulación, relacionó los valores de este índice con la distribución espacial de las principales industrias y zonas urbanas. Esta concordancia permite establecer que E. analoga estaría respondiendo como un indicador de la salud ambiental para este sistema. Además, es importante destacar que esta bahía está experimentando los primeros indicios de una zona industrial moderadamente impactada. Por lo tanto, es necesario realizar mediciones constantes, que abarquen más de una matriz ambiental, para controlar el impacto antrópico en este ecosistema marino costero altamente productivo.

Distribución de metales pesados en los sedimentos superficiales del Saco del Golfo de Cariaco, Sucre, Venezuela

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Valentina Fuentes H

2010-10-01

Full Text Available El Golfo de Cariaco es un ecosistema marino con mucha productividad primaria, lo que le confiere especial importancia ecológica y socioeconómica. Sin embargo, los desechos de las actividades antropogénicas son descargados directamente o arrastradas por las escorrentías. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la distribución de cadmio, cobre, plomo, manganeso, níquel y zinc en las fracciones geoquímica de los sedimentos superficiales, usando el método modificado de extracción secuencial de la Comunidad Europea (BCR. Las concentraciones de los metales fueron medidas por espectroscopía de absorción atómica. Además, se compararon los contenidos de metales intercambiables y asociados a los carbonatos determinados por el procedimiento BCR modificado con los determinados por el método de Campanella. La recolección de muestras se hizo en 12 estaciones del sector oriental del Golfo de Cariaco, Estado Sucre, específicamente en el sector conocido como el Saco, en junio 2007. Las metodologías aplicadas fueron evaluadas usando un material de referencia certificado de sedimentos marino (HISS - 1. Los resultados indicaron que los métodos proveen exactitud y precisión adecuadas para la extracción de metales. Las concentraciones totales (μg g-1 fueron, Cd: < límite de detección (LD-5.0; Pb: 1.79- 60.41; Cu: no detectado (ND-42.18; Zn: 25.13-104.57; Mn: 66.31-80.29 y Ni: 3.29-24.58. Cd, Cu, Ni y Pb excedieron en varias estaciones los límites que pueden afectar la biota, establecidos por la Guía de Evaluación de la Calidad de los Sedimentos de Canadá. El cadmio fue el metal identificado como el más móvil, teniendo las más altas concentraciones como intercambiable y asociado a las fracciones de carbonatos. Sin embargo, Pb, Cu, Mn y Zn mostraron su mayor abundancia en la fracción asociada a materia orgánica y azufre. Los métodos no presentan diferencias significativas para extraer la primera fracción. Se encontraron

DWPF Sample Vial Insert Study-Statistical Analysis of DWPF Mock-Up Test Data

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Harris, S.P. [Westinghouse Savannah River Company, AIKEN, SC (United States)

1997-09-18

This report is prepared as part of Technical/QA Task Plan WSRC-RP-97-351 which was issued in response to Technical Task Request HLW/DWPF/TTR-970132 submitted by DWPF. Presented in this report is a statistical analysis of DWPF Mock-up test data for evaluation of two new analytical methods which use insert samples from the existing HydragardTM sampler. The first is a new hydrofluoric acid based method called the Cold Chemical Method (Cold Chem) and the second is a modified fusion method.Either new DWPF analytical method could result in a two to three fold improvement in sample analysis time.Both new methods use the existing HydragardTM sampler to collect a smaller insert sample from the process sampling system. The insert testing methodology applies to the DWPF Slurry Mix Evaporator (SME) and the Melter Feed Tank (MFT) samples.The insert sample is named after the initial trials which placed the container inside the sample (peanut) vials. Samples in small 3 ml containers (Inserts) are analyzed by either the cold chemical method or a modified fusion method. The current analytical method uses a HydragardTM sample station to obtain nearly full 15 ml peanut vials. The samples are prepared by a multi-step process for Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) analysis by drying, vitrification, grinding and finally dissolution by either mixed acid or fusion. In contrast, the insert sample is placed directly in the dissolution vessel, thus eliminating the drying, vitrification and grinding operations for the Cold chem method. Although the modified fusion still requires drying and calcine conversion, the process is rapid due to the decreased sample size and that no vitrification step is required.A slurry feed simulant material was acquired from the TNX pilot facility from the test run designated as PX-7.The Mock-up test data were gathered on the basis of a statistical design presented in SRT-SCS-97004 (Rev. 0). Simulant PX-7 samples were taken in the DWPF Analytical Cell Mock

Discriminación de sedimentos contaminados con jales mineros por medio de la forma de granos de cuarzo

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Raúl Miranda-Avilés

2014-01-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se presenta un método alterno al análisis geoquímico para identificar la existencia de jales mineros en sedimentos y/o suelos por medio del análisis digital de imagen y parámetros de forma de cristales de cuarzo. El método se aplicó a jales mineros, sedimentos naturales y antropogénicos del Distrito Minero de Guanajuato. El parámetro que mejor discriminó los 3 grupos de granos de cuarzo (jales, antropogénico y natural es la circularidad (C. La (C promedio de cuarzo natural es 0.73, mientras que los cuarzos de jales presentan un promedio de 0.64 y los cuarzos de origen antropogénico presentan una (C entre 0.66 a 0.67. La metodología empleada puede aplicarse en la identificación de antiguos depósitos de jales mineros que actualmente estén mezclados y/o cubiertos por la mancha urbana en antiguos distritos mineros, donde no se cuenta con referencias de su distribución. También en zonas de cultivo que contengan jales mezclados y que potencialmente aporten metales. Otra aplicación potencial puede ser en sondeos de suelos como complemento a la geoquímica, permitiendo la identificación de jales e interpolación en horizontes donde solo se cuente con pocas muestras geoquímicas.

Método "fingerprinting" para identificação de fontes de sedimentos em bacia hidrográfica rural Fingerprinting method for identification of sediment sources in a rural watershed

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Jean P. G. Minella

2009-10-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho se refere a um estudo de identificação de fontes de sedimentos, realizado em uma bacia rural localizada em uma região montanhosa, no sul do Brasil. A bacia representa um ecossistema típico de exploração agrícola, realizado por pequenos agricultores que cultivam fumo em áreas marginais, com conseqüências severas aos recursos naturais. A identificação das fontes de sedimentos, baseada na análise dos sedimentos transportados em suspensão, possibilita avaliar as áreas que contribuem para a sua produção e fazer inferências sobre o potencial poluidor desses sedimentos. A metodologia utilizada foi a técnica "fingerprinting", através da qual foram exploradas as principais limitações da metodologia e as potencialidades na identificação das fontes de sedimentos. A classificação possibilitou a identificação da contribuição relativa das fontes, considerando-se preponderantes as lavouras e as estradas. Os resultados mostraram que a contribuição das duas fontes foi variável no tempo e a proporção relativa da contribuição de cada fonte variou de acordo com o manejo e a cobertura do solo que ocorreu nas lavouras e das obras de manutenção realizadas nas estradas. A contribuição das fontes mostrou que as lavouras e as estradas contribuíram com 64 e 36%, respectivamente.In this study, the fingerprinting method was used to identify sediment sources in a small rural watershed located in a mountainous region in southern Brazil. This watershed represents a typical agricultural ecosystem, in which smallhold farmers cultivate tobacco in marginal areas, with severe consequences to the natural resources. The identification of sediment sources, based on analysis of sediments transported in suspension, enables an evaluation of which areas are truly contributing to sediment production and, therefore, to make inferences about the polluting potential of these sediments. The study considered the main limitations of this

Risk of Injection-Site Abscess among Infants Receiving a Preservative-Free, Two-Dose Vial Formulation of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Kenya

Science.gov (United States)

Burton, Deron C.; Bigogo, Godfrey M.; Audi, Allan O.; Williamson, John; Munge, Kenneth; Wafula, Jackline; Ouma, Dominic; Khagayi, Sammy; Mugoya, Isaac; Mburu, James; Muema, Shadrack; Bauni, Evasius; Bwanaali, Tahreni; Feikin, Daniel R.; Ochieng, Peter M.; Mogeni, Ondari D.; Otieno, George A.; Olack, Beatrice; Kamau, Tatu; Van Dyke, Melissa K.; Chen, Robert; Farrington, Paddy; Montgomery, Joel M.; Breiman, Robert F.; Scott, J. Anthony G.; Laserson, Kayla F.

2015-01-01

There is a theoretical risk of adverse events following immunization with a preservative-free, 2-dose vial formulation of 10-valent-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10). We set out to measure this risk. Four population-based surveillance sites in Kenya (total annual birth cohort of 11,500 infants) were used to conduct a 2-year post-introduction vaccine safety study of PCV10. Injection-site abscesses occurring within 7 days following vaccine administration were clinically diagnosed in all study sites (passive facility-based surveillance) and, also, detected by caregiver-reported symptoms of swelling plus discharge in two sites (active household-based surveillance). Abscess risk was expressed as the number of abscesses per 100,000 injections and was compared for the second vs first vial dose of PCV10 and for PCV10 vs pentavalent vaccine (comparator). A total of 58,288 PCV10 injections were recorded, including 24,054 and 19,702 identified as first and second vial doses, respectively (14,532 unknown vial dose). The risk ratio for abscess following injection with the second (41 per 100,000) vs first (33 per 100,000) vial dose of PCV10 was 1.22 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.37–4.06). The comparator vaccine was changed from a 2-dose to 10-dose presentation midway through the study. The matched odds ratios for abscess following PCV10 were 1.00 (95% CI 0.12–8.56) and 0.27 (95% CI 0.14–0.54) when compared to the 2-dose and 10-dose pentavalent vaccine presentations, respectively. In Kenya immunization with PCV10 was not associated with an increased risk of injection site abscess, providing confidence that the vaccine may be safely used in Africa. The relatively higher risk of abscess following the 10-dose presentation of pentavalent vaccine merits further study. PMID:26509274

Investigations of 131I concentration in indoor air using charcoal filters and gamma spectroscopy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fischer, H.W.; Pittauerova, D.; Foschepoth, S.; Poppe, B.

2008-01-01

Full text: Radiation protection standards require the recording of staff radiation dose in nuclear medicine thyroid radiotherapy. A commonly used method measures the 131 I thyroid activity externally with a gamma detector, followed by calculation of the committed equivalent thyroid dose. The main disadvantages are the low sensitivity and the uncertainty of the time of uptake, which can only be compensated by long measurement times and short measurement intervals. The measurements have to be applied to all staff members. An alternative can be provided by the measurement of the cumulated concentration of 131 I in indoor air using charcoal filters. The filters are placed in patient rooms at representative locations, exposed for several days and then investigated for absorbed 131 I activity. Both above mentioned disadvantages can be overcome: the measurement records the cumulated concentration history of the room and the obtained value can be used for dose calculation for all staff members knowing their working history. Standard charcoal filters (PicoRad vials, Accustar Labs, normally used for indoor radon measurements) were placed into patient rooms in a thyroid therapy department and exposed to room air for 72 hours. The vials were then subjected to high resolution low level gamma spectroscopy using a high purity germanium (hpGe) detector (50% relative efficiency, 10 cm lead shielding). Absolute activity determination was based on the net count rate in the 364 keV gamma peak and absolute counting efficiency obtained mathematically from detector and vial geometry using the commercial Labsocs (Canberra Inc.) program. Using the mean air activity/vial activity calibration factor obtained in a similar study pioneering this application, but using liquid scintillation spectroscopy as detection method (F. Jimenez et al, 2nd. European IRPA Congress, Paris 2006), mean air concentrations between 0.09 and 2.01 Bq/m 3 were found. The data correlated well with patient administered

Fracciones biodisponibles de arsénico, plomo, cadmio y mercurio en sedimentos de corrientes superficiales seleccionadas

OpenAIRE

Hernández Peñalver, María Teresa; García Melián, Maricel; Cañas Pérez, Regla; Sardiñas Peña, Olivia

1999-01-01

Se realizó la determinación de las fracciones biodisponibles de arsénico, cadmio, plomo y mercurio en los sedimentos de 10 ríos seleccionados, los cuales abastecen a comunidades de más de 5 000 habitantes en Cuba. Se efectuó la extracción en la fracción compuesta por partículas menores de 63 mym, con ácido clorhídrico 0,5 mol/L. En los casos de arsénico y cadmio, todas las muestras presentaron niveles inferiores a los límites de cuantificación de los métodos de ensayo. Las medianas de las con...

Selección de bacterias con capacidad degradadora de hidrocarburos aisladas a partir de sedimentos del Caribe colombiano.

OpenAIRE

Narváez-Florez, S.; Gómez, M.L.; Martínez, M.M.

2008-01-01

A partir de sedimentos del Caribe colombiano se realizaron 31 aislamientos bacterianos en medio mínimo de sales suplementado con hidrocarburos (ACPM o petróleo crudo) como única fuente de carbono. Las cepas aisladas se sometieron a pruebas de selección en diferentes concentraciones de hidrocarburos y se escogieron once de ellas tolerantes al crudo y ACPM en un ámbito del 1-8% v/v. Posteriormente, con las cepas seleccionadas, se conformó un cultivo bacteriano mixto y se evaluó su capacidad de ...

Resultados del monitoreo participativo de la calidad del agua y de los sedimentos de la cuenca del río Moche - La Libertad, octubre 2014

OpenAIRE

Autoridad Nacional del Agua. Dirección de Gestión de Calidad de los Recursos Hídricos; Salbatier Portugal, Melissa Guliana; Chinen Guima, Paola

2014-01-01

Evalúa el estado de la calidad de los cuerpos naturales de agua superficial en el ámbito de la cuenca del río Moche, en base a los resultados de los análisis de muestras de agua, sedimentos y las mediciones realizadas en campo en octubre del 2014.

PROPUESTA DE PROCEDIMIENTOS DE AUTOCONTROL EN CONTRATOS DE CONSERVACIÓN DE UNA RED VIAL

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R. F. Herrera

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Con un contrato global mixto se lleva a cabo la mantención de una red vial, a través de la ejecución simultánea de conservación bajo la modalidad a serie de precios unitarios, y bajo suma alzada por nivel de servicio. En estos últimos se evidencia una mayor precariedad en los procedimientos, debido a fallas en la visión de la empresa contratista en asumir la gestión de la conservación, carencia en la asignación de responsabilidades a los miembros del equipo, y el deficiente control de la calidad de las obras y documentación del contrato. Por este motivo, en este trabajo se realiza una propuesta de gestión definiendo cada una de las etapas que la componen, con la finalidad de asegurar una correcta conservación de los elementos que conforman la infraestructura vial. Los objetivos propuestos son: especificar la metodología a usar para gestionar la mantención de la red contratada bajo la modalidad global mixto, especificar el manejo y control de la documentación que deben mantener en el contrato, y definir las aptitudes y responsabilidades del equipo de trabajo. Para cumplir con los mismos se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de la normativa nacional acerca de la mantención de caminos, y se tomó conocimiento de la diversidad de contratos que utiliza la Dirección de Vialidad para la conservación vial. Además, a través de la experiencia en contratos de conservación global mixto se definen las aptitudes y responsabilidades que se recomienda que tengan los miembros del equipo de trabajo.

Measurement of low-level beta activity of samples in liquid state using plastic scintillator vials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wezranowski, E.; Panczyk, E.; Radwan, M.

1977-01-01

Plastic scintillation vials having walls from a plastic scintillator and the bottom from perspex were used. Wall thickness was 0.8 to 3 mm. The solution radioactivity was measured by a scintillation beta spectrometer. The total measurement errors were found for the following radionuclides: 14 C +-3.7%; 204 Tl +-3%; 32 P +-2.8%; 137 Cs +-2%, and 72 Ga +-5%. Detection efficiency was found to decrease rapidly with the solution layer thickness. For a solution thickness of 0.2 mm the highest detection efficiency was observed with the 4% measurement error. Linear dependence was found of detection efficiency on beta energy. For a solution layer thickness of 0.2 mm the minimum measurable activities were determined to be 30.3 pCi for 14 C and 2.12 pCi for 32 P. The use of the above vials permits quick and simple measurement without sample chemical preparation. (J.P.)

Improvements in and environmental applications of double-vial radiorespirometry for the study of microbial mineralization

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

McKinley, V.L.; Federle, T.W.; Vestal, J.R.

1983-01-01

Several variations in the scintillation mixture and the filter paper arrangements for double-vial radiorespirometry were compared. Improved efficiencies (44%) and shorter response times were found by adding wetting agents and methanotic NaOH to the scintillation mixture in the filter paper. The scintillation chemicals used did not contain dioxane and were found to be nontoxic to the test microbiota in this system. Covering the inner reaction vial with aluminum foil minimized the reduction in counting efficiency when testing colored or dense environmenal samples. Mineralization rates were determined with 14 C-labeled glucose, acetate, and glutamate and [ 14 C]cellulose- and [ 14 C]lignin-labeled lignocellulose for composting cow manure, forest soil, and arctic lake sediment microbiota. This improved method can be used in a variety of procedures involving the measurement of microbial mineralizations of organic compounds. Since no liquid scintillation cocktail is used for counting, the radioactive wastes are aqueous or can be incinerated, making disposal easy

Influência do tamanho do frasco de tuberculina nos resultados da prova tuberculínica Influence of vial size on the results of the tuberculin test

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Antonio Ruffino-Netto

2005-04-01

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: A solução de tuberculina é armazenada em frascos de diferentes tamanhos. Sua adsorção ao frasco pode influenciar o resultado da prova tuberculínica. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito do tamanho do frasco de armazenamento da tuberculina nos resultados obtidos na prova tuberculínica. MÉTODO: Sessenta e três pacientes internados com diagnóstico de tuberculose ativa foram submetidos a duas provas tuberculínicas simultâneas, em ambos os antebraços. A técnica usada foi a de Mantoux e consistiu na aplicação de 0,1 ml de tuberculina armazenada em frascos de 5 ml ou de 1,5 ml, no antebraço direito e no antebraço esquerdo, de forma aleatória. A leitura da induração foi efetuada de forma cega por um único leitor treinado previamente. As leituras com diferenças de até 2 mm foram consideradas resultados concordantes. RESULTADOS: Vinte e um pacientes não tiveram induração e foram excluídos da análise. Entre os 42 pacientes restantes, a média dos diâmetros das indurações obtidas nas provas com tuberculina armazenada nos frascos grandes foi maior do que as obtidas com a armazenada em frascos pequenos. A concordância entre as leituras foi obtida em 40,5% delas (17/42, e a diferença foi negativa (frasco grande menor que frasco pequeno em 16,7% (7/42 e positiva em 42,9% delas (18/42. CONCLUSÃO: O tamanho do frasco de armazenamento da tuberculina pode influenciar o resultado da prova tuberculínica. A adsorção da tuberculina à parede do frasco pode explicar o fenômeno. Os autores alertam para o impacto dessas variações nos estudos epidemiológicos e operacionais.BACKGROUND: Tuberculin purified protein derivative is stored in vials of various sizes. Its adsorption to the vial can influence the results of tuberculin tests. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of vial size on the results obtained in tuberculin tests. METHODS: Sixty-four inpatients with active tuberculosis were submitted to two simultaneous tuberculin tests

Liquid scintillation vial for radiometric assay of lymphocyte carbohydrate metabolism in response to mitogens

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tran, N.; Wagner, H.N. Jr.

1978-01-01

We have demonstrated that mitogens--i.e., PHA and Con.A--stimulate lymphocyte carbohydrate metabolism using a liquid-scintillation vial with conventional liquid-scintillation detectors. The results showed that this enclosed system can be useful for development of rapid in vitro tests of lymphocytes immune responsiveness, as well as for radiometric detection of bacterial growth in various gaseous atmospheres

Análise fenotípica e genotípica de bactérias heterotróficas e fixadoras de nitrogênio em sedimento na bacia do Rio Cuiabá-MT

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Fernanda Viana da Cunha

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Os sedimentos apresentam-se como um sistema complexo, que são afetados por parâmetros geológicos, hidrodinâmicos, químicos e biológicos, caracterizado por uma interação entre o ambiente sedimentar de cada região. O presente estudo consistiu em caracterizar a diversidade de bactérias heterotróficas totais e fixadores de nitrogênio em sedimentos do rio Cuiabá utilizando técnicas convencionais de microbiologia e de biologia molecular. As amostras de sedimento foram coletadas com periodicidade bimestral, em quatro pontos sendo estes: Cuiabazinho, Passagem da Conceição, Ribeirão dos Cocais e Barão de Melgaço. As amostras foram processadas através de diluições seriadas (10-2 a 10-7 em solução salina 0,85%. Em seguida cultivadas em placa de Petri através da técnica de Spreed Plate, em meio de cultivo Trypic Soy Agar (TSA para bactérias heterotróficas totais e para bactérias nitrificantes foram utilizados meios seletivos (NFB, JMV e Meio 79 incubadas a 35°C. Posteriormente as estirpes bacterianas foram reisoladas em Agar Nutriente (AN a fim de obter cultura pura para análise morfotintorial de Gram. Este teste permitiu verificar que dos 202 isolados bacterianos, 59% eram bastonetes positivos, sendo que, a maior quantificação bacteriana obtida foi no meio de cultivo TSA, comparado aos outros meios de cultura. O perfil da comunidade bacteriana apresentou na sua maioria bactérias da família Bacillaceae com 28%, sendo que as mesmas foram utilizadas para a análise molecular por Box-PCR, que apresentou uma riqueza de espécies. Esses resultados indicam a importância de pesquisas sobre diversidade microbiana de sedimentos no Estado de Mato Grosso que utilizam técnicas moleculares.

Avaliação físico-química de amostras de água, sedimento e mata ciliar de uma piscicultura localizada em área agroindustrial à margem do Ribeirão da Mata (MG

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Isabela Araujo Torres

2017-03-01

Full Text Available RESUMO Objetivou-se realizar uma avaliação físico-química de amostras de água, sedimento e mata ciliar em uma piscicultura localizada próxima às margens do Ribeirão da Mata, Minas Gerais. As coletas de água foram semanais em quatro pontos assim denominados: (1 nascente; (2 entrada do sistema; (3 efluente concentrado e (4 ponto de lançamento. Foram monitorados os seguintes parâmetros físico-químicos: temperatura (ºC, pH, oxigênio dissolvido, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio, fósforo total, alcalinidade, sólidos dissolvidos totais, fosfato, nitrato, nitrito, sulfato, amônia e fenol das amostras de água. Foram pesquisados metais pesados (chumbo, cádmio, mercúrio e zinco e agrotóxicos (organoclorados, organofosforados, clorofosforados, carbamatos, piretroides e rodenticidas anticoagulantes nas amostras de água, sedimento e mata ciliar. Alcalinidade e sólidos totais apresentaram as maiores concentrações, provavelmente devido às características geológicas,por se tratar de região cárstica. Fenol, em todos os pontos, e fosfato, nos pontos 3 e 4, apresentaram valores acima dos limites permitidos para a classe II de água doce, segundo a Resolução CONAMA nº 357. Os outros parâmetros (amônia, nitrato, nitrito e sulfato, em todos os pontos de coleta, apresentaram baixos valores. Nas amostras de água não foram detectados chumbo e mercúrio; zinco apresentou valores abaixo de 0,007 mg.L-1. As amostras de sedimento apresentaram valores de chumbo entre 11,1566 e 37,0438 mg.L-1, estando 12 dessas acima do valor de referência de qualidade. Também em todas as amostras de sedimento foi detectado mercúrio, que variou de 0,35 a 0,82 mg.L-1. Em relação ao cádmio, esse não foi detectado nas amostras de sedimento e plantas. Também não foram detectados agrotóxicos em nenhuma das amostras estudadas.

Mineralogia e química dos sedimentos de fundo do médio e baixo Madeira e de seus principais tributários: Amazonas - Brasil Mineralogy and chemistry of bottom sediments of the middle and lower Madeira River and its main tributaries: Amazonas - Brazil

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Maria Mireide Andrade Queiroz

2011-01-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a variação composicional e mineralógica dos sedimentos de fundo transportados pelos grandes rios da Amazônia, com nascentes nos Andes provenientes de rochas cratônicas. O estudo foi realizado com base em análises granulométricas, mineralógicas e químicas, incluindo isótopos de Pb, no rio Madeira e seus tributários. O conjunto de dados mostra que os sedimentos de fundo do rio Madeira são granulométrica, mineralógica e quimicamente distintos de seus principais tributários. Os sedimentos do rio Madeira são mais arenosos; têm maior quantidade de quartzo; menor conteúdo de Al2O3, Fe2O3, K2O, MgO, Na2O, PF, TiO2, P2O5, MnO e elementos-traço; e a maturidade aumenta de montante para jusante. Dentre os sedimentos dos tributários, os rios Machado e secundariamente o rio Marmelos são os que mais se aproximam da composição dos sedimentos do rio Madeira, enquanto que o Jamari com sedimentos com maior proporção de TiO2, Zr, Y, Nb, Ga, Hf, U, Ta e ETR, é o mais distinto. Apesar do ambiente de intenso intemperismo e erosão, em condições tropicais úmidas, a que estão submetidas as rochas drenadas pela bacia do rio Madeira, os valores das razões Th/Co, Th/Pb, Th/Yb, Al/Pb, Zr/Co e a composição isotópica de Pb indicam fontes distintas para os sedimentos de fundo estudados. Os sedimentos do rio Madeira são provenientes, principalmente, de rochas máficas, enquanto que os sedimentos de seus tributários têm como fonte essencialmente rochas félsicas.This study reports the granulometric, mineralogic and chemical analyses, including Pb isotope, carried out on the bottom sediments of the Madeira River, whose headwaters are in the Andes Mountain, and its tributaries that come from the cratonic region, in order to investigate the compositional variation of the sediments transported by the major rivers of the Amazon. The analytical data show that the bottom sediments of the Madeira River have

Bacterial diversity in the sediments of a temperate artificial lake, Rapel reservoir Diversidad bacteriana en sedimentos de un lago artificial temperado, embalse Rapel

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CRISTINA DORADOR

2007-06-01

Full Text Available Rapel reservoir is an eutrophic system in Chile that has undergone a series of anthropogenic impacts in recent decades. To provide a better understanding of the processes occurring in the reservoir, we examined bacterial composition from surface sediments using traditional microbiology techniques and molecular biology tools. Our results showed significant temporal variation in the physical and chemical composition of the water column, but no depth-related differences during the study period. To detect temporal changes in bacterial composition, cultivable heterotrophic bacteria, heterotrophic iron oxidizing bacteria, and sulfate-reducing bacteria were extracted from the surface sediments and their concentration measured. Microbial diversity in sediments was represented by closest relatives of eight different bacterial phyla. The most frequently recovered phylotypes in the clone library of 16S rDNA were related to sulfate-reducing bacteria belong to the Deltaproteobacteria groupEl embalse Rapel es un sistema eutrófico en Chile que ha experimentado diversos impactos antropogénicos en las últimas décadas. Para conocer mejor los posibles procesos que ocurren en el embalse, la composición bacteriana fue estudiada en la zona superficial de los sedimentos utilizando técnicas microbiológicas tradicionales y herramientas de biología molecular. Nuestros resultados mostraron variación temporal significativa en la composición física y química del agua, no encontrándose diferencias de las variables medidas entre superficie y fondo en la columna de agua durante el período de estudio. Para detectar cambios temporales en la concentración y composición bacteriana, se midieron bacterias heterótrofas, heterótrofas oxidantes de fierro y bacterias reductoras de sulfato extraídas de la superficie de los sedimentos. La diversidad bacteriana en los sedimentos estuvo representada por 8 diferentes Phyla del dominio Bacteria. Los filotipos m

An experimental study of the 14C transfer from air to rice plant by photosynthesis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jun, In; Kang, Heeseok; Keum, Dongkweon; Choi, Yongho; Lee, Hansoo; Lee, Changwoo

2007-01-01

Experimental studies were performed under controlled environmental conditions to observe the deposition and subsequent allocation of 14 C following a short-term fumigation of a major Korean crop with 14 CO 2 . The fumigation of the rice plants was performed at five different times during their growth in a transparent box and the fumigation time was 40 minutes. The 14 C in the fumigation box was collected into collection vials every 5 minutes using an air sampler. A duplicate plant sampling was made immediately after the end of fumigation and another is going to be made at the normal harvest time. After the 2nd and 3rd fumigation experiments, plant sampling was made 3 times more till harvest. The samples will be ground into powder after removing the moisture completely and the trapped 14 C in the carbosorb vials by sample oxidizer will be analyzed by Liquid Scintillation Counter. This paper only shows the analysis results of air samples because no plant sample was analyzed yet. (author)

Do insulin cartridges really provide a lower risk of potential diabetes complications than traditional vials?

Science.gov (United States)

Al-Sharayri, Mohammad G; Aljbori, Tariq M; Migdadi, Qusai M; Al-Omoush, Marwa B; Jaarah, Ayman R

2014-09-01

Recently, many publicly funded healthcare organizations suffered from an economical crisis. This forced some organizations to utilize less costly alternatives where possible. Insulin cartridges and vials are examples. Many patients are questioning the difference between the two alternatives as they contain the same active ingredient. To find out if insulin cartridges really provide a lower risk of potential diabetes complications than traditional vials. A questionnaire was used to ask two random samples of diabetic patients about the development of some diabetes complications. The first sample (n = 41) consisted of patients using cartridges; the second sample (n = 40) consisted of patients using vials. Patients were randomly selected from the endocrine clinic and the out-patient pharmacy in Al-Hussein Hospital in King Hussein Medical Center in Amman- Jordan. 44% of respondents in the first sample did not suffer from any complication; on the other hand, the percentage was only 15% of respondents in the second sample. All respondents (100%) in the first sample suffered from only 2 complications or less; however, 25% of the respondents in the second sample suffered from 3 or more complications. Nephropathy complications, were slightly higher in the first sample; 22% compared to 15% in the second sample. On the other hand, all complications reported in the second sample were higher; 30% for neuropathy, 65% for retinopathy complications and 42.5% for extremities damage compared to only 9.7%, 7.3% and 26.8% respectively in the first sample. In general, respondents who were using cartridges reported a lesser incidence of diabetes complications. Although many organizations suffered from an economical crisis, the cost-effectiveness aspect should be taken into consideration when purchasing medical alternatives. This will provide higher quality of life for patients and eventually lower hidden and future costs for the organizations.

Comparative analysis of ampoules and vials in sterile and conventional packaging as to microbial load and sterility test.

Science.gov (United States)

Freitas, Raphael Ribeiro de Aquino; Tardelli, Maria Angela

2016-05-24

To compare sterility and microbial (bacteria and fungi) load in the outer part of hyperbaric bupivacaine (Neocaína®) in ampoule and bupivacaine in vial, in conventional and sterile pack formulations. The sterile packs were divided into two groups: G1 (n=16) with ampoules and G2 (n=16) with vials. Conventional formulations were divided into two groups, being G3 (n=16) with ampoules and G4 (n=16) with vials. The ampoules and vials were opened and had their content drawn. The empty bottles were then placed in sterile plastic bags and sent for analysis of microbial load (bacteria and fungi) and sterility testing. Data were analyzed using the χ2 test with Yates correction, and 95% confidence interval. G1 and G2 showed no bacterial growth when compared to conventional groups (pgrupos, sendo que o G1 (n=16) continha as ampolas e o G2 (n=16), os frascos-ampola. As apresentações convencionais foram distribuídas em dois grupos, a saber G3 (n=16) com as ampolas e G4 (n=16) com os frascos-ampola. As ampolas e os frascos-ampolas eram abertos e tinham seu conteúdo aspirado. Os frascos vazios eram, então, acondicionados em sacos plásticos estéreis e enviados para análise quanto à carga microbiana (bactérias e fungos), bem como para o teste de esterilidade. Os dados foram analisados por meio do teste χ2 com correção Yates com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Os grupos G1 e G2 não apresentaram crescimento bacteriano quando comparado aos grupos convencionais (pgrupos. O uso de embalagens estéreis (sterile pack) diminui a carga microbiana dos frascos de envasamentos, o que diminuiria a chance de exposição a uma potencial contaminação da solução anestésica.

Safety and efficacy of multiuse botulinum toxin vials for intralaryngeal injection.

Science.gov (United States)

Barrow, Emily M; Rosen, Clark A; Hapner, Edie R; Smith, Sarah; Hatcher, Jeanne L; Simpson, Blake; Johns, Michael M

2015-05-01

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines maintain that single-use vials cannot be used for multiple patients. Botox product labeling states that the reconstituted toxin should be used within 4 hours on a single patient based on concerns of reduced potency, contamination, and consequent infections. The purpose of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of using single-use vials in a multidose fashion. Prospective study and cohort chart review. A multi-institutional three-part study was performed between May 2013 and October 2013: 1) a summation of subjects' recall of their past experiences (symptoms/response) with previous multidose Botox injections, 2) a prospective study of intralaryngeal injections, and 3) a chart review of injection responses in a subset of the cohort. Seven hundred forty-three subjects receiving 6,216 injections demonstrated zero infection-related complications on retrospective chart review. One hundred seventy-nine subjects recalled 24.0% overall adverse events, 10.6% redness, 7.3% pain and swelling at the injection site, and 0% fever. One hundred seventy-four subjects prospectively reported 12.6% overall adverse events. The self-reported efficacy rate of Botox injection was 96.6%. The low rates of adverse events following the use of Botox in a multipatient fashion are consistent with other percutaneous injections. No evidence of infection was found with multidose Botox use. Given the low incidence of side effects and high success rate, Botox can be used both safely and effectively in a multipatient fashion. 4 © 2014 The American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society, Inc.

Modelo y simulación de una intersección vial usando el software Arena

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Sebastian Puerto Hernández

2015-06-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se presenta el modelo y la simulación de una intersección vial. Para modelar las dinámicas fue seleccionado el software Arena®, por su gran versatilidad y amplitud en herramientas a la hora de diseñar y modelar sistemas estocásticos. Las simulaciones en eventos discretos de la intersección validarán el modelo. Con el modelo obtenido se podrá realizar el cambio en la programación de los semáforos, la inclusión de paraderos en sitios específicos de las vías, y además la demostración de la relación entre la forma de conducción y estos problemas de movilidad. Se busca disminuir el tamaño de las colas que se generan, además de una reducción en los tiempos de recorridos de los usuarios en estos tramos y un mejoramiento notable en el funcionamiento vial en general de la ciudad.

False-positive cryptococcal antigen test associated with use of BBL Port-a-Cul transport vials.

Science.gov (United States)

Wilson, Deborah A; Sholtis, Mary; Parshall, Sharon; Hall, Gerri S; Procop, Gary W

2011-02-01

A total of 52 residual CSF and serum specimens, which were originally negative with the Cryptococcal Antigen Latex Agglutination System (CALAS), were shown to become falsely positive after placement in BBL Port-A-Cul anaerobic transport vials. This transport device, although excellent for specimen transportation for subsequent culture, should not be used if cryptococcal antigen testing is needed.

Componentes descriptivos y explicativos de la accidentalidad vial en Colombia: Incidencia del factor humano

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Ervyn H. Norza Céspedes

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Problema: Se analizó la incidencia del factor humano en la accidentalidad vial en el territorio colombiano, y se identificó evidencia empírica para la formulación de política pública del tránsito. Metodología: El diseño es descriptivo-correlacional. Instrumentos: cuestionario de comportamiento para conductores y motociclistas (D.B.Q. y encuesta tipo Likert. Muestra no probabilística intencional: 16.322 personas (8.631 conductores de automotores, 5.133 motociclistas y 2.558 peatones, pasajeros y acompañantes. Resultados: a conductores con nivel educativo superior inciden en menos accidentes; b peatones con menor nivel educativo inciden en mayores conductas riesgosas; c las mujeres tienen actitud positiva y perciben eficacia de campañas en prevencion; d estilos de conducción iracundo, ansioso, riesgoso y de alta velocidad cometen más infracciones y accidentes; e desobedecer señales de tránsito, la principal causa de accidentalidad; f agresividad, hostilidad y estrés en el tránsito son factores que aumentan la probabilidad de accidente; g campañas de prevención no están siendo captadas por la población más afectada. Conclusiones y recomendaciones: Los factores de accidentalidad vial guardan correspondencia con el Triángulo de Seguridad Vial establecido por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas -factor humano preponderante en la accidentalidad-. Lineamientos de política pública fundamentados en procesos educativos y corporativos tendientes a disminuir la accidentalidad por lo general no se concibe aplicada a la seguridad pública. Por ello, se presenta la inteligencia criminal como una disciplina que se ocupa de anticipar los riesgos criminales contra la seguridad pública. Esto permitiría disminuir la incertidumbre durante la toma de decisiones y calcular los daños contra la seguridad pública, que se pretende prevenir.

Impact of Vial Capping on Residual Seal Force and Container Closure Integrity.

Science.gov (United States)

Mathaes, Roman; Mahler, Hanns-Christian; Roggo, Yves; Ovadia, Robert; Lam, Philippe; Stauch, Oliver; Vogt, Martin; Roehl, Holger; Huwyler, Joerg; Mohl, Silke; Streubel, Alexander

2016-01-01

The vial capping process is a critical unit operation during drug product manufacturing, as it could possibly generate cosmetic defects or even affect container closure integrity. Yet there is significant variability in capping equipment and processes, and their relation to potential defects or container closure integrity has not been thoroughly studied. In this study we applied several methods-residual seal force tester, a self-developed system of a piezo force sensor measurement, and computed tomography-to characterize different container closure system combinations that had been sealed using different capping process parameter settings. Additionally, container closure integrity of these samples was measured using helium leakage (physical container closure integrity) and compared to characterization data. The different capping equipment settings lead to residual seal force values from 7 to 115 N. High residual seal force values were achieved with high capping pre-compression force and a short distance between the capping plate and plunge. The choice of container closure system influenced the obtained residual seal force values. The residual seal force tester and piezoelectric measurements showed similar trends. All vials passed physical container closure integrity testing, and no stopper rupture was seen with any of the settings applied, suggesting that container closure integrity was warranted for the studied container closure system with the chosen capping setting ranges. The vial capping process is a critical unit operation during drug product manufacturing, as it could possibly generate cosmetic defects or even affect container closure integrity. Yet there is significant variability in capping equipment and processes, and their relation to potential defects or container closure integrity has not been thoroughly studied. In this study we applied several methods-residual seal force tester, a self-developed system of a piezo force sensor measurement, and

Generating chimeric mice from embryonic stem cells via vial coculturing or hypertonic microinjection.

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Kun-Hsiung

2014-01-01

The generation of a fertile embryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived or F0 (100 % coat color chimerism) mice is the final criterion in proving that the ESC is truly pluripotent. Many methods have been developed to produce chimeric mice. To date, the most popular methods for generating chimeric embryos is well sandwich aggregation between zona pellucida (ZP) removed (denuded) 2.5-day post-coitum (dpc) embryos and ESC clumps, or direct microinjection of ESCs into the cavity (blastocoel) of 3.5-dpc blastocysts. However, due to systemic limitations and the disadvantages of conventional microinjection, aggregation, and coculturing, two novel methods (vial coculturing and hypertonic microinjection) were developed in recent years at my laboratory.Coculturing 2.5-dpc denuded embryos with ESCs in 1.7-mL vials for ~3 h generates chimeras that have significantly high levels of chimerism (including 100 % coat color chimerism) and germline transmission. This method has significantly fewer instrumental and technological limitations than existing methods, and is an efficient, simple, inexpensive, and reproducible method for "mass production" of chimeric embryos. For laboratories without a microinjection system, this is the method of choice for generating chimeric embryos. Microinjecting ESCs into a subzonal space of 2.5-dpc embryos can generate germline-transmitted chimeras including 100 % coat color chimerism. However, this method is adopted rarely due to the very small and tight space between ZP and blastomeres. Using a laser pulse or Piezo-driven instrument/device to help introduce ESCs into the subzonal space of 2.5-dpc embryos demonstrates the superior efficiency in generating ESC-derived (F0) chimeras. Unfortunately, due to the need for an expensive instrument/device and extra fine skill, not many studies have used either method. Recently, ESCs injected into the large subzonal space of 2.5-dpc embryos in an injection medium containing 0.2-0.3 M sucrose very efficiently generated

DWPF Sample Vial Insert Study-Statistical Analysis of DWPF Mock-Up Test Data

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Harris, S.P.

1997-01-01

This report is prepared as part of Technical/QA Task Plan WSRC-RP-97-351 which was issued in response to Technical Task Request HLW/DWPF/TTR-970132 submitted by DWPF. Presented in this report is a statistical analysis of DWPF Mock-up test data for evaluation of two new analytical methods which use insert samples from the existing HydragardTM sampler. The first is a new hydrofluoric acid based method called the Cold Chemical Method (Cold Chem) and the second is a modified fusion method.Both new methods use the existing HydragardTM sampler to collect a smaller insert sample from the process sampling system. The insert testing methodology applies to the DWPF Slurry Mix Evaporator (SME) and the Melter Feed Tank (MFT) samples. Samples in small 3 ml containers (Inserts) are analyzed by either the cold chemical method or a modified fusion method. The current analytical method uses a HydragardTM sample station to obtain nearly full 15 ml peanut vials. The samples are prepared by a multi-step process for Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) analysis by drying, vitrification, grinding and finally dissolution by either mixed acid or fusion. In contrast, the insert sample is placed directly in the dissolution vessel, thus eliminating the drying, vitrification and grinding operations for the Cold chem method. Although the modified fusion still requires drying and calcine conversion, the process is rapid due to the decreased sample size and that no vitrification step is required.A slurry feed simulant material was acquired from the TNX pilot facility from the test run designated as PX-7.The Mock-up test data were gathered on the basis of a statistical design presented in SRT-SCS-97004 (Rev. 0). Simulant PX-7 samples were taken in the DWPF Analytical Cell Mock-up Facility using 3 ml inserts and 15 ml peanut vials. A number of the insert samples were analyzed by Cold Chem and compared with full peanut vial samples analyzed by the current methods. The remaining inserts were analyzed by

Calibration-free sensor for pressure and H2O concentration in headspace of sterile vial using tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy.

Science.gov (United States)

Cai, Tingdong; Gao, Guangzhen; Liu, Ying

2013-11-10

Tunable diode laser absorption measurements of pressure and H2O concentration in the headspace of vials using a distributed-feedback (DFB) diode laser near 1.4 μm are reported. A H2O line located near 7161.41 cm(-1) is selected based on its strong absorption strength and isolation from interference of neighboring transitions. Direct absorption spectra of H2O are obtained for the measurement path as well as the reference path by scanning the laser wavelength. The pressure and H2O vapor concentration in the headspace of a vial are inferred from a differential absorption signal, which is the difference between the measured and the referenced absorbance spectra. This sensor is calibration-free and no purge gas is needed. The demonstrated capability would enable measurements of pressure and H2O concentration in the headspace of vials within 2.21% and 2.86%, respectively. A precision of 1.02 Torr and 390 ppm is found for the pressure and H2O concentration, respectively. A set of measurements for commercial freeze-dried products are also performed to illustrate the usefulness of this sensor.

Agregación de sedimentos en una cuenca de llanura: utilización del Microscopio Electrónico de Barrido como herramienta de evaluación

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Suarez, P.

2015-12-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of sedimentary aggregates, which affect the transport of fine sediments. This contribution explores the influence of organic matter and dissolved salts, as the main factors that determine the aggregation of particles. Bottom sediments of Negro river (tributary of the Paraná River, flows in the Chaco province (North-East of Argentina, and were assessed by granulometric analysis in consecutive phases of sample processing, to evaluate the presence of aggregates. The relative abundance of the different sizes in each analyzed phase, was controlled by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM. The obtained results represent the first quantitative set of values of sediment aggregation in a river of the Chaco Plain, and can be used as a reference for the characterization of other rivers of subtropical plains. The results of this study show that the aggregates formation was favored by the high concentration of dissolved salts, but also by the presence of organic matter, abundant in subtropical environments. It was concluded that it is not convenient to apply classical techniques of sediment particle disaggregation (chemical oxidation to remove organic matter and chemical dispersants to break down associated particles, in order to avoid misinterpretation of transport dynamics of sediments in the natural environment.El estudio de materiales movilizados a través de los sistemas fluviales es de gran interés para resolver cuestiones tanto ambientales como de ingeniería. La presencia de sedimentos formando agregados, es frecuente en sistemas fluviales con lechos ricos en materiales finos. La abundante presencia de materia orgánica, la alta concentración de sales, y la baja velocidad de la corriente son algunos factores que favorecen esta agregación, la cual afecta directamente las posibilidades de movilización de los sedimentos. En este trabajo se evaluó la presencia de agregados naturales en los

Composición de sedimentos en las zonas costeras de Costa Rica utilizando Fluorescencia de Rayos-X (FRX

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Alfonso Salazar M

2004-12-01

Full Text Available Utilizando Fluorescencia de Rayos-X dispersiva en energía, que permite la evaluación simultánea de los isótopos estables de trece elementos, se analizaron setenta y cuatro muestras de sedimentos marinos de las regiones intermareales para las costas del Caribe y del Pacífico Norte, Central y Sur de Costa Rica. Los elementos calcio y hierro fueron los más abundantes y son representativos del origen de la formación natural del sedimento, estando el primero asociado a procesos biogénicos, tales como sistemas arrecifales coralinos cercanos al sitio de muestreo y el segundo esta asociado mas bien a sedimentos de carácter litogénico. En general, las playas del Pacífico Norte mostraron la mayor concentración de calcio lo que es indicativo de mayor existencia de estructuras arrecifales en sus alrededores. El análisis de los elementos traza, ligados a un origen terrígeno, muestras un patrón similar al hierro en la mayoría de las regiones. Las playas del Pacífico Central y Sur muestran las mayores concentraciones de estos elementos traza, indicando una mayor contribución terrígena y/o poco contribución de carbonato de calcio debido al escaso desarrollo de estructuras coralinas en estas regiones. Por último, el análisis no mostró evidencia de contaminación antropogénica y solo una sección al norte de la Playa Puerto Viejo presentaron concentraciones altas de plomo zinc y titanio, lo cual podría estar ligado a fuentes hidrotermales en esta regiónUsing an energy dispersive X-Ray fluorescence analysis, simultaneous evaluation of K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Ge, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, Rb, Sr and Pb in 74 marine sediment samples from the Costa Rica intertidal zones was conducted. Samples were collected between June 1999 and December 2001, from Caribbean and Pacific beaches of Costa Rica. Calcium and iron showed the highest abundances and are indicators of the natural origin of the sediments. Calcium is associated with biogenic processes such as coral

Resíduos de pesticidas em sedimento de fundo de rio na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brasil

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Juliana Possavatz

2014-01-01

Full Text Available O rio Cuiabá é um importante tributário do rio Paraguai, cuja bacia é de grande importância por agasalhar o Pantanal, a maior área úmida do planeta. A base econômica da bacia hidrográfica do rio Cuiabá é a produção agrícola e pecuária que, para manter elevada produtividade, requer grandes quantidades de insumos agrícolas como os pesticidas que, podem atingir diversos ambientes devido aos processos de dispersão que ocorrem após sua introdução no ambiente. Os sedimentos desempenham importante papel para a caracterização da poluição de rios devido a seu potencial de acumulação de poluentes. Este estudo objetivou avaliar a contaminação por pesticidas usados nas lavouras plantadas na bacia do rio Cuiabá, MT. Para tanto, amostras de sedimento de fundo foram coletadas mensalmente de agosto de 2011 a julho de 2012. Para a determinação dos pesticidas atrazina, cipermetrina, clorpirifós, endossulfam (α, β e seu metabólito endossulfam sulfato, lambda-cialotrina, malationa, metolacloro, metribuzim, parationa metílica, permetrina e trifuralina no sedimento utilizou-se método multirresíduo que consiste na extração sólido-líquido por agitação mecânica seguida de purificação por extração líquido-líquido e identificação e quantificação por cromatografia a gás acoplada a espectrometria de massas. Resíduos de pesticidas foram identificados em amostras coletadas em agosto e setembro de 2011 e janeiro, fevereiro, abril e julho de 2012, em concentrações variando de 5,7 a 79,3 µg kg-1 . Embora a frequência de detecção tenha sido baixa, esses resultados indicam que há potencial de transporte de pesticidas usados na bacia do rio Cuiabá e seus tributários atingindo o Pantanal.

The role of sediment on the energy availability for fishes in the upper Paraná river floodplain=O papel do sedimento na disponibilidade de energia para peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná

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Alice Michiyo Takeda

2012-10-01

Full Text Available This study aimed to identify potential sources of organic matter in sediment, using stable isotopes of carbon (13C and nitrogen (15N. Sediment samples were gathered from the margin and in center of three subsystems: Ivinheima, Paraná and Baia, in August/2001. The samples were fractionated granulometrically and separated by size ( 70 µm, prepared and sent to CENA / USP, for identifying the isotopes proportions. Significant differences were detected in the isotopic ratios of the sediment only between sampling stations. The Baía channel presented the lowest 13C values, while the highest ones were recorded in Paraná river. At this last, 15N values were negative (-14.41‰. We did not verify significant difference in isotopic composition between the particle sizes of sediment, and between the sampling points. The main sources of carbon for the sediment were C3 macrophytes, periphyton and particulate organic carbon (POC.O presente trabalho teve por objetivo identificar as fontes potenciais de matéria orgânica do sedimento, utilizando isótopos estáveis de carbono (13C e nitrogênio (15N. Foram coletadas amostras de sedimento das margens e do centro de três subsistemas: Ivinheima, Paraná e Baía, em agosto/2001. As amostras foram fracionadas granulometricamente e 70 µm, e enviadas ao CENA/USP para identificação das proporções dos isótopos. Foram verificadas diferenças significativas nas razões isotópicas do sedimento apenas entre as estações de coleta. O canal Baía, exibiu s baixos valores de 13C, enquanto altos valores foram registrados no rio Paraná. Nesta última estação, os valores de 15N foram negativos (-14.41‰. Não foram registradas diferenças significativas na composição isotópica entre os tamanhos de partículas do sedimento e nem entre os pontos de coleta. As principais fontes de carbono para o sedimento foram as macrófitas C3, perifíton e carbono orgânico particulado (COP.

Radioactivity measurement of 18F in 16 ml vials for calibration of radionuclide calibrators

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wurdiyanto, Gatot; Marsoem, Pujadi; Candra, Hermawan; Wijono, Paidi

2012-01-01

Fluorine-18 is obtained through the reaction 18 O(p, n) 18 F using a cyclotron that is situated in a hospital in Jakarta. Standardization of the 18 F solution is performed by gamma spectrometry using calibration sources of 152 Eu, 60 Co and 137 Cs that have traceability to the International System of units (SI). The activities in the 16 ml vials that were used for calibrating the radionuclide calibrators were between 1 and 2 GBq, with expanded uncertainties of 3.8%. The expanded uncertainty, at a coverage factor of k=2, on the derived calibration factor for the radionuclide calibrator was 6.6%. - Highlights: ► PTKMR–BATAN as a NMI of Indonesia is required to have procedures to calibrate the radionuclide calibrators. ► Standardizations were carried out on a solution of [ 18 F]FDG using gamma spectrometry. ► The volume of 18 F solutions used was 16 ml because this is the volume often used in hospitals. ► The Secondary Standard ionization chamber is a CRC-7BT Capintec radionuclide calibrator. ► A dial setting for 16 ml of [ 18 F]FDG solution in a vial is 443 for the Capintec dose calibrator.

Vaccine Wastage Assessment After Introduction of Open Vial Policy in Surat Municipal Corporation Area of India.

Science.gov (United States)

Patel, Prakash B; Rana, Jayesh J; Jangid, Sunil G; Bavarva, Neha R; Patel, Manan J; Bansal, Raj Kumar

2015-12-08

As per the vaccine management policy of the Government of India all vaccine vials opened for an immunization session were discarded at the end of that session, irrespective of the type of vaccine or the number of doses remaining in the vial prior to 2013. Subsequently, open vial policy (OVP) was introduced in 2013 and should reduce both vaccine wastage as well as governmental healthcare costs for immunization. This study evaluates the vaccine wastage after introduction of the OVP and its comparison with the previous study of vaccine wastage in Surat city before implementation of OVP. It needs to mention that the vaccine policy for this period under comparison was uniform except for the OVP. Information regarding vaccine doses consumed and children vaccinated during immunization sessions of 24 urban health centers (UHCs) of Surat city were retrieved for the period of January 1st, 2014 to March 31st, 2014. The data were analyzed to estimate vaccine wastage rate (WR) and vaccine wastage factor (WF). In order to assess the impact of OVP, vaccine WR of this study was compared with that of previous study conducted in Surat city during January 1st, 2012 to March 31st, 2012. The vaccine WR for oral polio vaccine (OPV) has decreased from 25% to 13.62%, while the WRs for DPT, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and the pentavalent vaccine combinedly have decreased from 17.94% to 8.05%. Thus, by implementation of OVP, an estimated 747 727 doses of OPV and 343 725 doses of diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus toxoid vaccine (DPT), HBV and the pentavalent vaccines combinedly have been saved in Surat city of India in a year. The implementation of the OVP in Surat city has led to a significant lowering in the vaccine wastage, leading to savings due to lower vaccine requirements. © 2016 by Kerman University of Medical Sciences.

Estudio fenotípico comparativo de consorcios microbianos con actividad quitinolítica de sedimentos marinos y rizósfera

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Débora Alvarado

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Se colectaron 4 muestras de sedimentos tanto del fondo como de la orilla de la playa «Marbella», Callao y 4 muestras de tierra agrícola a nivel de rizósfera obtenidas de un viñedo de la localidad de «Grocio Prado» en la Provincia de Chincha, Ica. Se determinó la densidad poblacional de microorganismos heterotróficos con actividad quitinolítica presentes en estos ambientes, y se describió sus principales características fenotípicas. Para la cuantificación de las poblaciones se empleó el método del Número Más Probable (NMP. Los tubos con crecimiento positivo fueron sembrados en placas con Agar Quitina Granulada y Agar Quitina Coloidal que fueron incubadas a temperatura ambiental hasta por dos semanas. Con las colonias desarrolladas se realizaron las pruebas de Oxidación/Fermentación de Glucosa, Oxidasa, Catalasa, motilidad, presencia de flagelo, capacidad tintoreal al GRAM, producción de esporas y actividad quitinolítica semicuantitativa. Se elaboraron fenogramas con el programa NTSYS v.1,7. La mayor densidad de bacterias quitinolíticas fue encontrada en la rizósfera alcanzando niveles ³1,6 x 105 en tanto que en sedimentos marinos la densidad osciló entre 2,2 x 102 a 1,6 x 104 NMP/g. Luego del análisis de agrupamiento de los fenotipos mostrados por los consorcios estudiados, se encontró que presentaban características distintivas, exhibiendo ambas una gran diversidad fenotípica.

Aislamiento y caracterización de microorganismos con actividad lipolítica provenientes de sedimentos del Humedal El Jaboque (Bogotá, Colombia)

OpenAIRE

Lilia Carolina Mora Moreno; Hernando Valencia Zapata

2006-01-01

En el humedal el Jaboque (Engativá) Bogotá, Colombia, se aislaron microorganismos lipolíticos provenientes de
sedimentos, mediante la utilización de medios de cultivo selectivos (agar tributirina, agar aceite de girasol). Primero se evaluó la concentración del sustrato (aceite de girasol) en la cual se encontraba el mayor número de morfotipos aislados, luego se comparó la eficiencia de los dos medios de cultivo de acuerdo a la cantidad de morfotipos aislados. Se evaluaron tres conc...

Lake Chapala, Mexico: lead distribution in water, sediment and bacteria; Escenarios de la distribucion de plomo en agua, sedimentos y bacterias del lago de Chapala, Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hansen, Anne M. [Instituto Mexicano de Tecnologia del Agua, Jiutepec, Morelos (Mexico); Villa-Navia, Adriana [Interventor Ambiental de Occidental de Colombia, Inc. (Colombia); Afferden, Manfred van [Instituto Mexicano de Tecnologia del Agua, Jiutepec, Morelos (Mexico)

2006-04-15

To evaluate the distribution of lead in the natural resources of lake Chapala, the adsorption of this metal in bacteria was analyzed and, through published data and the application of a chemical equilibrium model, the risk associated with the consumption of fish and water was estimated. Adsorption experiments of lead in three bacterial strains and simulations of the distribution of lead in the water-sediment-bacteria system indicate that the distribution of lead in the lake depends on variations of water quality such as suspended solids, lead and biomass concentrations. Considering only the lead contained in the bottom sediments, the simulations suggest that concentrations do not exceed the limits nor the criteria for use and protection of water, sediments, and biota. Considering an additional source of lead that locally increases the concentration by a factor of ten, the amount of lead in water and sediments may exceed these limits. The bioaccumulation of lead in lake Chapala was evaluated through calculation of bioconcentration and biomagnification factors, using simulated and published data on lead in fish (Ayla Jay y Ford, 2001). The results indicate that lead may be concentrated 721 and 6,195 times in bacteria and fish, respectively. Furthermore, bioaccumulation of lead in the lake may occur mainly as bioconcentration in fish rather than biomagnification in the food chain. [Spanish] Para evaluar la distribucion de plomo en los recursos naturales en el lago de Chapala se analizo la adsorcion de este metal en bacterias y, mediante datos publicados en la literatura y modelacion numerica, se estimo el riesgo asociado al consumo de peces y agua. Experimentos de adsorcion en tres cepas de bacterias y simulaciones de la distribucion en un sistema agua-sedimentos-bacterias indican que la distribucion del plomo en el lago depende de variaciones en calidad del agua tales como solidos suspendidos totales, plomo total y biomasa. Considerando unicamente el plomo contenido

Receptores de estrógeno e progesterona em células do sedimento de fluido peritoneal na endometriose pélvica: estudo imunocitoquímico

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Eleutério Junior José

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: avaliar a expressão de receptores de estrógeno (RE e progesterona (RP em esfregaços de sedimento de fluido peritoneal em pacientes com endometriose, comparando-a com a de mulheres sem endometriose. Métodos: foi realizado imunocitoquímica para RE e RP em esfregaços de sedimento de fluido peritoneal em 19 casos de endometriose e 7 sem endometriose (controle. Os dados foram submetidos ao teste t de Student para análise estatística. Resultados: em 84,6% dos casos de pacientes com endometriose, células tipo endometrial expressaram RE, numa média de 4,1%, ao passo que nos casos sem endometriose foi positivo em 42,9%, com uma expressão média de 4,5% (p = 0,1706. RP foi expresso apenas em um caso, com endometriose, com história de rotura de endometrioma. Conclusões: não houve diferença da expressão de RE entre os casos de endometriose e os casos-controle, observando-se um comportamento distinto em tecidos. Um mais aprofundado estudo deve ser feito para melhor avaliar o enigmático mecanismo envolvido na manifestação de receptores hormonais em células esfoliadas.

Educación vial y movilidad en la Infancia

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Fernando Martín Poó

Full Text Available Resumen:La motorización creciente de los desplazamientos ha convertido al ambiente urbano en un lugar cada vez más hostil para los niños y niñas, quienes se encuentran entre los grupos humanos más vulnerables del tránsito. En esta etapa del desarrollo, la educación puede ser una herramienta clave para prevenir comportamientos de riesgo y promocionar hábitos de movilidad más saludables. El presente trabajo discute algunos aspectos relacionados con la educación vial en la infancia. Se destaca la importancia de considerar los patrones de movilidad típicos de cada edad, y de promover el uso de medios de transporte más saludables, equitativos y sustentables. Se señala además la necesidad de complementar las acciones educativas con intervenciones multi-sectoriales a diferente nivel.

Biorremediación para la degradación de hidrocarburos totales presentes en los sedimentos de una estación de servicio de combustible

OpenAIRE

Ñústez Cuartas, Diana Cristina; Paredes Cuervo, Diego; Cubillos Vargas, Janneth

2014-01-01

En la presente investigación, se evaluó el efecto de la Bioaumentación y Bioestimulación de los sedimentos contaminados con hidrocarburos (HTP) de una Estación de Servicio de Combustible (EDS), provenientes del mantenimiento de las unidades de tratamiento de aguas residuales industriales, como son: la trampa de grasa, canales perimetrales y desarenador del lavado vehicular. Para el desarrollo del trabajo, se utilizaron ocho mesocosmos, compuestos por canastas de polietileno de alta densidad, ...

14C sample preparation for AMS microdosing studies at Lund University using online combustion and septa-sealed vials

Science.gov (United States)

Sydoff, Marie; Stenström, Kristina

2010-04-01

The Department of Physics at Lund University is participating in a European Union project called EUMAPP (European Union Microdose AMS Partnership Programme), in which sample preparation and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) measurements of biological samples from microdosing studies have been made. This paper describes a simplified method of converting biological samples to solid graphite for 14C analysis with AMS. The method is based on online combustion of the samples, and reduction of CO 2 in septa-sealed vials. The septa-sealed vials and disposable materials are used to eliminate sample cross-contamination. Measurements of ANU and Ox I standards show deviations of 2% and 3%, respectively, relative to reference values. This level of accuracy is sufficient for biological samples from microdosing studies. Since the method has very few handling steps from sample to graphite, the risk of failure during the sample preparation process is minimized, making the method easy to use in routine preparation of samples.

14C sample preparation for AMS microdosing studies at Lund University using online combustion and septa-sealed vials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sydoff, Marie; Stenstroem, Kristina

2010-01-01

The Department of Physics at Lund University is participating in a European Union project called EUMAPP (European Union Microdose AMS Partnership Programme), in which sample preparation and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) measurements of biological samples from microdosing studies have been made. This paper describes a simplified method of converting biological samples to solid graphite for 14 C analysis with AMS. The method is based on online combustion of the samples, and reduction of CO 2 in septa-sealed vials. The septa-sealed vials and disposable materials are used to eliminate sample cross-contamination. Measurements of ANU and Ox I standards show deviations of 2% and 3%, respectively, relative to reference values. This level of accuracy is sufficient for biological samples from microdosing studies. Since the method has very few handling steps from sample to graphite, the risk of failure during the sample preparation process is minimized, making the method easy to use in routine preparation of samples.

El impacto de las nuevas políticas de seguridad vial sobre la conducta de los conductores

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Jordi Tena-Sánchez

2013-04-01

Full Text Available La evidencia empírica disponible señala de manera unánime que las nuevas políticas de tráfico y seguridad vial aplicadas en España desde 2004, y en particular la introducción del carné por puntos y la reforma del Código Penal, han tenido una fuerte incidencia positiva en la reducción de la siniestralidad. De dichos resultados se deriva que las nuevas políticas han tenido también un efecto positivo sobre la conducta de los conductores, de modo que ha sido esa mejora en la conducta al volante la que finalmente se ha traducido en una reducción de la siniestralidad. No obstante, hasta el momento, los investigadores han descuidado el análisis directo de los datos sobre cumplimiento. En el presente trabajo se analizan todos los datos disponibles que ofrecen información sobre el cumplimiento de la normativa de tráfico y seguridad vial.

Caracterização de sedimento proveniente de dragagem de canais pluviais do município de Salvador-BA visando sua utilização em cerâmica estrutural

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O. C. Santos

Full Text Available Resumo Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar o sedimento proveniente de dragagem de canais pluviais (SCP, do município de Salvador-BA, visando sua máxima substituição pela argila em cerâmica estrutural, uma vez que essa mistura binária faz parte do projeto piloto da massa padrão, na pesquisa da formulação de blocos intertravados cerâmicos. Inicialmente o sedimento foi submetido aos ensaios de índice de plasticidade, analise química por fluorescência de raios X, análise mineralógica por difração de raios X, analise térmica e granulométrica. A morfologia do material foi analisada utilizando-se microscopia eletrônica de varredura, acompanhada de espectroscopia de energia dispersiva. Em seguida foram feitas adições de sedimento (SCP a uma argila do município de Candeias-BA, nas proporções de 10, 20, 30 e 40% em massa. Foram preparados corpos de prova por prensagem uniaxial nas dimensões 60 mm x 20 mm, com pressão de compactação de 25 MPa, sendo que o material foi umidificado com 8% de água. A queima foi realizada em forno resistivo a 850, 950 e 1050 °C, com taxa de aquecimento de 5 °C/min. As propriedades avaliadas foram retração linear, absorção de água e módulo de ruptura à flexão. Os resultados indicaram que é possível a utilização do SCP em cerâmica estrutural, mediante os pré-requisitos exigidos em normas, na fabricação de telhas, blocos de vedação e tijolos.

TendÃncias granulomÃtricas dos sedimentos de fundo no Rio Marrecas, regiÃo Sudoeste do ParanÃ

OpenAIRE

Constantino EleuthÃrio da Luz

2011-01-01

A presente dissertaÃÃo trata sobre a variaÃÃo longitudinal das caracterÃsticas texturais dos sedimentos de fundo no rio Marrecas, localizado na regiÃo Sudoeste do ParanÃ. A Ãrea da bacia do rio Marrecas possui 865,43 km2 e abarca parte dos municÃpios de Francisco BeltrÃo, Marmeleiro, Flor da Serra do Sul, Verà e Itapejara DâOeste. O total da bacia do rio Marrecas està inserida em terrenos de idade cretÃcea formada por rochas basÃlticas da formaÃÃo Serra Geral que formam planaltos caracterizad...

El Sistema Vial Inca y los desafíos para su conservación en tiempos modernos

OpenAIRE

Ríos Canales, Moisés

2013-01-01

El Estado peruano, a través del Ministerio de Cultura, desarrolla dentro de su política cultural una estrategia para la identificación, protección, conservación y puesta en uso social del Sistema Vial Inca, el mayor monumento de la historia americana construida por el Estado Inca en el Siglo XV.

Caracterização e distribuição espacial dos sedimentos depositados numa zona ripária reflorestada

OpenAIRE

Renata Santos Momoli

2006-01-01

As atividades agrícolas no Estado de São Paulo, foram responsáveis pela supressão da cobertura vegetal original do solo e, sua conseqüente degradação. A vegetação nativa foi gradativamente substituída por culturas como café, pastagem, citros e cana-de-açúcar, durante séculos de ocupação e uso da terra. A recomposição da cobertura florestal auxilia na prevenção da erosão do solo e na redução dos impactos causados. A floresta ripária retém os sedimentos resultantes do desprendimento do solo à m...

BIODISPONIBILIDADE DE METAIS TÓXICOS EM SEDIMENTOS DO RIO SUBAÉ, BAHIA, BRASIL

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Jucelino Balbino da Silva Júnior

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho avaliou a biodisponibilidade dos metais Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu e Ni, empregando a técnica dos sulfetos voláteis em ácido (AVS e metais simultaneamente extraídos (SEM, contemplando período chuvoso e de estiagem. As amostras de sedimento foram coletadas em 10 (dez estações ao longo da bacia do rio Subaé, desde a sua nascente até a foz na Baía de Todos os Santos (BTS. Os metais liberados durante a extração foram analisados usando espectrometria de fluorescência de raios-X (TXRF e espectrometria de absorção atômica com otimização eletrotérmica em forno de grafite (GFAAS, e os sulfetos voláteis foram quantificados utilizando potenciometria com eletrodo de íon seletivo (IES. A partir dos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir, em função dos valores encontrados para os sulfetos e da matéria orgânica, que as concentrações de metais apresentaram valores que caracterizam a possibilidade de efeitos biológicos adversos para a biota nas regiões de baixa salinidade, em ambos os períodos.

{sup 14}C sample preparation for AMS microdosing studies at Lund University using online combustion and septa-sealed vials

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sydoff, Marie, E-mail: marie.sydoff@med.lu.s [Department of Clinical Sciences, Medical Radiation Physics, Malmo University Hospital, SE-205 02 Malmoe (Sweden); Lund University, Department of Physics, Division of Nuclear Physics, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund (Sweden); Stenstroem, Kristina [Lund University, Department of Physics, Division of Nuclear Physics, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund (Sweden)

2010-04-15

The Department of Physics at Lund University is participating in a European Union project called EUMAPP (European Union Microdose AMS Partnership Programme), in which sample preparation and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) measurements of biological samples from microdosing studies have been made. This paper describes a simplified method of converting biological samples to solid graphite for {sup 14}C analysis with AMS. The method is based on online combustion of the samples, and reduction of CO{sub 2} in septa-sealed vials. The septa-sealed vials and disposable materials are used to eliminate sample cross-contamination. Measurements of ANU and Ox I standards show deviations of 2% and 3%, respectively, relative to reference values. This level of accuracy is sufficient for biological samples from microdosing studies. Since the method has very few handling steps from sample to graphite, the risk of failure during the sample preparation process is minimized, making the method easy to use in routine preparation of samples.

Variación espacial y temporal en los contenidos de mercurio, plomo, cromo y materia orgánica en sedimento del complejo de humedales de Ayapel, Córdoba, noroccidente colombiano

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Alex Fernando Rúa Cardona

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Las planicies de inundación atlánticas colombianas están impactadas por la minería aurífera artesanal desarrollada durante las últimas décadas. Sin embargo, la contaminación local por mercurio ha sido comparada con niveles de acción de otras latitudes y no se han incluido otros metales de interés sanitario en las investigaciones. El presente estudio contribuyó al conocimiento de la respuesta geoquímica espacial inducida por el pulso hidrológico y la composición de materia orgánica (MO en el área de influencia del complejo de humedales de Ayapel. Se evaluó la distribución espacial y temporal de mercurio (Hg, plomo (Pb, cromo (Cr y MO en el sedimento reciente del complejo cenagoso de Ayapel y se contrastó con el nivel de referencia de contaminación local por Hg (0,032 μg g-1, Pb (2,39 μg g-1 y Cr (89,58 μg g-1 determinado en la Formación Betulia. Los rangos de los tres metales fueron: 0,008-0,117 μg Hg g-1; 1,090-11,870 μg Pb g-1 y 5,350- 93,430 μg Cr g-1. El Hg mostró la mayor variabilidad espacial (0,083 ± 0,064 μg g-1 y niveles superiores en el afluente del frente de explotación aurífera en la década del 80. En comparación con el nivel de referencia, el 91 % del sedimento reciente presentó enriquecimiento por Pb (6,376 ± 4,048 μg g-1 y el 66,6 % enriquecimiento por Hg. En contraste, el contenido de Cr fue relativamente bajo (96,325 ± 29,868 μg g-1 y presentó tendencia a disminuir de oriente a occidente. El sedimento fue predominantemente inorgánico, con porcentajes medios de cenizas de 88,154 ± 3,822 % y escasos niveles de MO (11,846 ± 3,822 %. Se presume el aumento en la movilidad del Hg debido a la alta tasa de respiración de MO en la zona central del espejo de agua principal de la ciénaga de Ayapel. La resuspensión y migración de sedimentos contaminados es facilitada por la inestabilidad térmica de la columna de agua influenciada por la acción del viento.

A geração de sedimentos e seus reflexos no assoreamento da PCH Piedade - Monte Alegre de Minas MG

OpenAIRE

Cruz, Lísia Moreira

2012-01-01

As Pequenas Centrais Hidrelétricas tem se mostrado uma alternativa na contribuição para geração de energia no Brasil. Apesar de tratar-se de uma obra de menor porte em relação às grandes Usinas Hidrelétricas, os reservatórios das PCH s, bem como seu entorno, requerem um cuidado quanto às questões da preservação ambiental. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de geração de sedimentos na área de contribuição do reservatório da PCH Piedade por meio da identificação, m...

S, Zn, Cr, Cu and Fe changes during fluvial sediments oxidation Transformaciones del S, Zn, Cr, Cu y Fe en sedimentos fluviales durante el proceso de secado

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María Pía Di Nanno

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Acidification of dredged sediments which have been disposed on land is highly dependent on redox shifts. The aim of the present work was to assess changes in sulphur, metal speciation (Zn, Fe, Cr y Cu and acidity caused by a polluted sediment oxidation event. Sediments were dessicated under controlled conditions and sulphide compounds (acid volatile sulphides-AVS- and sulphate, pH and neutralization potential were measured through time during 36 days. Zinc, Cu, Cr and Fe speciation (BCR metal sequential extraction procedure were measured at the beginning of the experiment and at day 22. An acid-base equilibrium method based on the BCR procedure was employed to assess the sediment acidification risk. Some of the re-suspension experiments were inoculated with an Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strain to assess biological catalysis on sulphide oxidation. Acid-base equilibrium results indicated the sediment sample had a significant acidification potential. Oxidation increased sulphate levels (56 to 2300 mg S kg-¹ in the desiccation experiment with a temporal evolution adjusted by a logistic model, and a 2100 to 3000 mg SO4 -² L-¹ increase for the resuspension experiments. Sulphide oxidation rates varied between 0 to 3.1.10-9 mg O2 kg-¹ s-¹ for the drying sediment. Zinc changes could be explained partially by ZnS conversion to ZnSO4 during oxidation. Iron reduction could be attributed to an increase in Fe oxides crystallinity. Acid-base equilibrium for the sample indicated it was a potentially acid-generating material. Zinc increased its bioavailability during drying and was the only metal that appeared in significant amounts in solution during re-suspension. Land-filling with dredged sediments could present increased metals bioavailability problems despite having an important and effective neutralization potential.La evaluación de los riesgos de acidificación por deposición de sedimentos dragados en superficie es muy dependiente de los

Stability of 10 mg/mL cefuroxime solution for intracameral injection in commonly used polypropylene syringes and new ready-to-use cyclic olefin copolymer sterile vials using the LC-UV stability-indicating method.

Science.gov (United States)

Feutry, Frédéric; Simon, Nicolas; Genay, Stéphanie; Lannoy, Damien; Barthélémy, Christine; Décaudin, Bertrand; Labalette, Pierre; Odou, Pascal

2016-01-01

Injecting intracameral cefuroxime has been found beneficial in reducing the risk of postoperative endophthalmitis but its use has been limited through a lack of approved marketing and of ready-to-use single-units as well as the problem of aseptic compounding. Our aim was to assess a new automated primary packaging system which should ensure a higher level of sterility, thanks to its closed, sterile, ready-to-use polymer vial called "Crystal® vial". The chemical stability of a 10 mg/mL cefuroxime solution was compared in 1 mL Crystal® vials and 1 mL Luer-lock polypropylene syringes (actual reference) to eliminate any potential and specific interactions with its cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) body and elastomer stopper. Cefuroxime solution was introduced into vials and syringes and stored at -20 °C, +5 °C and +25°C/60% Relative Humidity. Cefuroxime concentration and the relative amount of the main degradation product (descarbamoyl-cefuroxime) were both determined by an HPLC/UV method indicating stability. Solutions were considered steady if the concentration remained at over 90% of the initial value. In the adapted storage conditions, the evolution of osmolality, pH and sterility was assessed. Stability profiles were identical between vials and syringes in all storage and temperature conditions. The solution was stable (cefuroxime concentration, pH and osmolality) and still sterile for 365 days at -20°C. The concentration fell below 90% after 21 days at +5 °C and after 16 h at +25°C/60%s relative humidity. The COC and thermoplastic elastomer of the vials had no impact on the degradation process confirming its possible use for a ready-to-use cefuroxime solution single-unit dose.

Proporção e tamanho de sedimentos e teor de carbono orgânico na enxurrada e no solo para dois cultivos e duas formas de semeadura Sediment size and organic carbon content in runoff and soil under two crops and two seed row directions

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Fabrício Tondello Barbosa

2010-10-01

Full Text Available O tipo de cultura e a orientação de semeadura em relação ao declive do terreno podem modificar a proporção e o tamanho dos sedimentos transportados na enxurrada, além da relação do teor de C orgânico nos sedimentos e no solo erodido. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de determinar a proporção e o tamanho dos sedimentos transportados pela enxurrada sob taxa constante desta e o teor de C orgânico contido nos sedimentos e no solo erodido, sob duas formas de semeadura das culturas de aveia e ervilhaca. Quatro testes de chuva simulada foram aplicados entre março e novembro de 2006, durante o ciclo vegetativo das culturas, com intensidade constante de 64 mm h-1 e 1 h de duração de cada teste, em Lages, SC, num Cambissolo Húmico com declividade média de 11,9 cm m-1. Os tratamentos eram formados pela combinação de duas culturas e duas orientações de semeadura em relação ao declive. As culturas utilizadas foram aveia (Avena strigosa e ervilhaca (Vicia sativa; as formas de semeadura eram: mecanizada em linhas em contorno ao declive e mecanizada em linhas paralelas ao declive (morro abaixo. As amostras de enxurrada para a coleta dos sedimentos foram obtidas sob taxa constante de enxurrada, aos 50 min de duração de cada teste de chuva. A aveia reduziu a quantidade de sedimentos na enxurrada em 46 % em relação à ervilhaca, e a semeadura em contorno, em 56 % em relação à semeadura morro abaixo. A proporção de sedimentos na enxurrada foi diminuída em 63 % entre o início e o final do ciclo das culturas. Na classe de menor tamanho dos sedimentos (The crop type and seed row direction in relation to the land slope can modify the total amount and size of runoff-transported sediment. They may alter the relation between organic carbon levels in the sediments and the eroded soil. The current study aimed to quantify the sediment size and proportion transported at constant runoff rate and the organic carbon level in the sediments and the

Aplicación de los Sistemas de Información Geográfica para la gestión de la malla vial de la ciudad de Medellín

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Jaime A. Zapata Duque

2012-12-01

Full Text Available El estado de la malla vial depende fundamentalmente de factores tales como el tráfico, características estructurales y funcionales del pavimento y condiciones climatológicas locales, y su mantenimiento tiene importantes implicaciones espaciales. Este documento describe el proceso de implementación del sistema de gestión de pavimentos de la ciudad de Medellín, desarrollado en una plataforma SIG. El sistema está soportado en una geodatabase corporativa de inventario y diagnóstico, el cual alimenta un software de modelación del deterioro del pavimento y arroja recomendaciones de intervención en cada segmento vial. Este sistema sirve como apoyo a las autoridades encargadas a la toma de decisiones, con el fin de realizar la planeación del mantenimiento de la malla vial, optimizar los recursos disponibles y ofrecer un mejor servicio a la comunidad.

Análisis paleoambiental de sedimentos lateríticos del depósito Camarioca, Moa, Cuba

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Adrian Martínez-Vargas

2008-03-01

Full Text Available En el yacimiento niquelífero Camarioca, Cuba Oriental, hay sedimentos lateríticos bien documentados, que contienen un registro paleontológico espacialmente distribuido. Tomando como base las entidades taxoregistráticas en el área, se hizo la reconstrucción paleoambiental del sistema deposicional. Se realizó el análisis de la diversidad de las asociaciones registradas, el estudio de las variaciones de los factores de estrés, las reconstrucciones paleobatimétrica y paleoecológica y la correlación taxonómica. La combinación de técnicas cuantitativas y cualitativas de análisis de datos paleontológicos, arrojó resultados que evidencian el establecimiento en la región, durante el Mioceno–Plioceno, de un sistema deposicional de plataforma interna protegida con mayor energía de deposición hacia el sur, y profundidades que se incrementaron de 0-30 m al sur hasta los 100 m al norte.

Avaliação da eficiência de modelos de remediação aplicados em sedimentos de manguezal impactados por atividades petrolíferas

OpenAIRE

Moreira, Ícaro Thiago Andrade

2011-01-01

Jorge Alberto Triguis - Co-orientador Neste estudo foi desenvolvido um experimento em escala piloto, durante 03 meses com intuito de avaliar a eficiência de 03 modelos diferentes de remediação (Biorremediação Intrínseca – microorganismos autóctones, Fitorremediação com Avicennia schaueriana – mangue preto e Fitorremediação com Rizophora mangle – mangue vermelho) para aplicação em sedimentos de manguezal contaminados por hidrocarbonetos totais de petróleo (HTP's) e metai...

A Shandon PapSpin liquid-based gynecological test: A split-sample and direct-to-vial test with histology follow-up study

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Rimiene J

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Background: Studies for liquid-based Papanicolaou (Pap tests reveal that liquid-based cytology (LBC is a safe and effective alternative to the conventional Pap smear. Although there is research on ThinPrep and SurePath systems, information is lacking to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of systems based on cytocentrifugation. This study is designed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the Shandon PapSpin (ThermoShandon, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA liquid-based gynecological system. We used split-sample and direct-to-vial study design. Materials and Methods: 2,945 women referred to prophylactic check-up were enrolled in this study. Split sample design was used in 1,500 women and residual cervical cytology specimen from all these cases was placed in fluid for PapSpin preparation after performing conventional smear. The direct-to-vial study was carried out in another cohort of 1,445 women in whom the entire cervical material was investigated using only the PapSpin technique. Follow up histological diagnoses for 141 women were obtained from both study arms following 189 abnormal cytology cases. 80 LBC cases from the split sample group and 61 LBC cases in the direct-to-vial group were correlated with the histology results. The sensitivity and secificity of the conventional smear and PapSpin tests in both study arms were compared. Results: In the split sample group, conventional smears showed a higher proportion of ASC-US (atypical cells undetermined significance: 31 (2.1% vs 10 (0.7% in PapSpin (P = 0.001. A higher proportion of unsatisfactory samples was found in the conventional smear group: 25 (1.7% vs 6 (0.4% cases (P = 0.001. In the split sample group, the sensitivity of the conventional and PapSpin tests was 68.7% vs 78.1%, and the specificity 93.8% vs 91.8%, respectively. In the direct to vial group PapSpin sensitivity was 75.9% and specificity 96.5%. The differences in sensitivity and specificity were not significant. The

The use of multivariate analysis to link sediment contamination and toxicity data to establish sediment quality guidelines: an example in the Gulf of Cadiz (Spain); El uso del analisis multivariante en la union de datos de toxicidad y contaminacion para establecer guias de calidad de sedimento: Un ejemplo en la Bahia de Cadiz (Espana)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Del Valls, T. Angel; Forja, Jesus M [Departamento de Quimica Fisica, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad de Cadiz, Cadiz, (Spain); Gomez-Parra, Abelardo [Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucia, CSIC, Puerto Real, Cadiz, (Spain)

1998-03-01

which biological effects have been shown to be minimal (mg kg{sup -}1 dry sediment), are: Hg, 0.25; Ag, 0.78; Pb, 66.80; Cr, 101.2; LAS, 2.6. [Spanish] Para evaluar la calidad de los sedimentos marinos en el Golfo de Cadiz, los datos provenientes de concentraciones quimicas y respuestas de toxicidad en sedimentos fueron unidos usando el analisis ultivariante. Las muestras de sedimentos fueron recogidas sinopticamente en siete estaciones de dos ecosistemas litorales en el Golfo de Cadiz (cinco en la Bahia de Cadiz y dos en las marismas del rio Barbate) y fueron sujetas a seis tests de toxicidad de forma independiente y replicada, asi como a analisis quimicos. Los efectos toxicos en los sedimentos se chequearon utilizando tres fases operativas del sedimento: sedimento bruto, utilizando el anfipodo Microdeutopus gryllotalpa (10 d estatico: supervivencia) y la almeja de estuario Ruditapes philippinarum (48 h estatico: enterramiento); extracto de sedimento, utilizando larvas del bivalvo de estuario Crassostrea angulata (48 h estatico: supervivencia) y del pez marino Sparus aurata (48 h estatico: supervivencia); y agua intersticial, utilizando poblaciones del rotifero de estuario Brachionus plicatilis (7 d estatico: decaimiento de la poblacion) y de la bacteria marina Photobacterium phosphoreum (Microtox ). Para evaluar los niveles de contaminacion se determinaron las concentraciones en los sedimentos de carbono organico, 14 metales traza (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ag, Hg, As, Sn, V, Ni, Co y Cr) y el detergente alquibencenosulfonato lineal (LAS). Los resultados de los ensayos de toxicidad se compararon mediante relaciones de respuesta entre las diferentes estaciones, demostrando una concordancia general entre los valores de toxicidad determinados en todos los tests, excepto en el caso de la toxicidad en el agua intersticial (principalmente debido a mezclas de metales traza toxicas). Los datos obtenidos en los ensayos quimicos y de toxicidad se ensamblaron utilizando tecnicas

Comparación de la observación de leucocitos en el sedimento urinario con el recuento en cámara de Neubauer

OpenAIRE

Lopardo, Horacio Angel; Pinheiro, Jose Luis

2008-01-01

Se comparó la metodología rutinaria de observación del sedimento urinario entre porta y cubreobjetos con el recuento en cámara de Neubauer, tomado como método de referencia y se verificó su capacidad de predicción de bacteriuria significativa. En un período de dos meses se realizaron 2.287 urocultivos. Sólo 1.153 resultaron evaluables según los criterios de exclusión y en 982 se pudo correlacionar ambos métodos microscópicos con el resultado de los cultivos. La correlación entre los recuentos...

Conseqüências de diferentes sistemas de preparo do solo sobre a contaminação do solo, sedimentos e água por metais pesados

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J. E. V. Núñez

1999-12-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho teve por objetivos determinar a influência de diferentes métodos de preparo do solo sobre as perdas por erosão de metais pesados e avaliar a contaminação dos sedimentos e da água do córrego principal da microbacia de Caetés, município de Paty do Alferes (RJ. A avaliação foi realizada durante os meses de dezembro de 1996 a março de 1997, no ciclo de cultivo do pepino (Cucumis sativus L . Foram utilizadas parcelas do tipo Wischmeier, de tamanho de 22,0 x 4,0 m. Os tratamentos utilizados foram os seguintes: (a aração com trator morro abaixo e queimado (MAQ; (b aração com trator morro abaixo não queimado com restos de vegetação natural entre as linhas (MANQ; (c aração com tração animal em nível, faixas de capim-colonião a cada 7,0 m (AA, e (d cultivo mínimo, com preparo de covas em nível (CM. Avaliaram-se também os teores desses metais nos sedimentos de fundo e na água do córrego principal que drena a microbacia de Caetés. As perdas mais elevadas de metais pesados por erosão foram verificadas no tratamento MAQ, típico da região. Os sedimentos e a água do córrego da microbacia de Caetés mostraram incrementos nos teores totais de Cd, Ni, Pb, Zn e Mn de acordo com a posição de coleta na área. A água coletada no córrego e no açude apresentou concentrações de Cd, Mn e Pb acima dos padrões máximos estabelecidos para água potável. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho permitem concluir que o uso intensivo de agroquímicos e as elevadas perdas de solo por erosão podem acarretar sérios riscos de contaminação da água do córrego da microbacia que é utilizada pelos animais e para irrigação.

Aproximación a las comunidades de carófitos que existieron en la Albufera de Valencia a partir del estudio de las oósporas del sedimento

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Soulié-Märsche, Ingeborg

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Charophyte oospores and their features (size, shape, colour, outer wall ornamentation, etc. are able to persist in seed banks of aquatic ecosystems. Thus, these characteristics can be used for taxonomic species identification, thereby providing knowledge about the specific composition of the charophyte community in a habitat that currently lacks, or has greatly altered, submerged vegetation. Several years ago, l’Albufera de València lost the charophyte meadows that covered the lake bottom in the past, which had never been studied in detail. Several sediment cores were extracted from the lagoon at three sites and the oospores and gyrogonites were isolated and characterized. The oospore/gyrogonite densities in the sediment layers were estimated. Ten different taxa have been identified: six belonging to genus Chara [Ch. vulgaris, Ch. Hispida var. major, Ch. fragilis (Ch. globularis, Ch. Hispida var. baltica, Ch. aspera, Ch. tomentosa]; one Nitella species (N. hyalina, two Tolypella species (T. glomerata and T. hispanica and one Lamprothamnium species (L. papulosum. The latter, which indicates the period when water salinity was high in the lagoon, was found in the deepest sediment layers. An increase in the oospore abundance and diversity was observed in line with sediment depth. This indicates, on the one hand, that the lagoon went through different ecological stages (with important changes in salinity, mainly and, on the other hand, the eutrophication process that the lagoon has been undergoing for at least the last 45 years, has progressively affected the abundance and diversity of the charophyte community.

Las oósporas de carófitos y sus características (tamaño, forma, color, ornamentación de la pared, etc. pueden persistir en los bancos de semillas del sedimento de ecosistemas acuáticos, y pueden ser utilizadas para identificar los diferentes táxones y obtener de este modo una

Shell Vial culture Assay for the rapid diagnosis of Japanese encephalitis, West Nile and Dengue-2 viral encephalitis

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Badrinath S

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Encephalitis caused by flaviviruses, Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV and West Nile virus (WNV is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in many endemic countries. Dengue-2 (Den-2 virus is a recent addition to the list of encephalitogenic viruses, after its Central Nervous System (CNS invasion capability has been established. There is a wide array of laboratory tools that have helped us not only in the diagnosis of these conditions but also in understanding their pathogenesis and pathology. However, there are no reports of Shell Vial Culture (SVC, a centrifuge enhanced tissue culture assay that has revolutionized viral culturing in terms of rapidity and sensitivity being optimized for these flaviviral encephalitic conditions. The present study is an attempt to standardize and evaluate the usefulness of SVC for the laboratory diagnosis of JE, WN and Den-2 encephalitis cases and to compare it with Indirect Immunofluorescence (IIF technique that detects cell associated virus antigen. Analysis of the various clinical parameters with respect to viral etiology has also been carried out. Results Pediatric patients constituted the major group involved in the study (92%. Etiological diagnosis of viral encephalitis could be established in twenty nine (58% patients. JE encephalitis was the commonest with 19 (39% cases being positive followed by, WN (9 cases-18% and Den-2 (one case. IIF test could detect antigens of JE, WN and Den-2 viruses in 16(32%, 7(14% and 1 case respectively. Shell vial culture assay picked up all cases that were positive by IIF test. In addition, SVC assay could detect 3 and 2 more cases of JE and WN encephalitis respectively, that were negative by the IIF test. Conclusion Shell vial culture is a rapid and efficient tool for the etiological diagnosis of JE, WN and Den-2 encephalitis cases. Early, prompt collection, transport and processing of the CSF samples, would make SVC a better method for the

Estudio de la dinámica de sedimentos asociada al impacto de la explotación minera sobre cauces de ríos andinos

OpenAIRE

Tavera Pinzón, Andrés Mauricio

2015-01-01

Resumen: el principal objetivo de esta investigación es determinar el impacto de la explotación minera en la cuenca del río Risaralda, determinando las variables que más influyen en el aumento de las tasas de incisión cuando se genera una disminución en el aporte de sedimentos. Este estudio se desarrolló acoplando el modelo hidrológico TETIS distribuido con el modelo de incisión por carga total haciendo usos de la geometría hidráulica de Leopold. Inicialmente se realizó una comparación del de...

Banco de ensayos para materiales piezoeléctricos en aplicaciones viales

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de Frutos, J.

2011-04-01

Full Text Available The test bench system described in this paper performs experiments on piezoelectric materials used in road traffic applications, covering a range between 14 and 170 km/h, which is considered enough for testing under standard traffic conditions. A software has been developed to control the three phase induction motor driver and to acquire all the measurement data of the piezoelectric materials. The mass over each system’s axis can be selected, with a limit of 60 kg over each wheel. The test bench is used to simulate the real behaviour of buried piezoelectric cables in road traffic applications for both light and heavy vehicles. This new test bed system is a powerful research tool and can be applied to determine the optimal installation and configuration of the piezoelectric cable sensors and opens a new field of research: the study of energy harvesting techniques based on piezoelectric materials.

En este trabajo se define y propone un banco de ensayos que permite testar materiales piezoeléctricos para aplicaciones viales en sus diferentes configuraciones en un rango de velocidad entre los 14 y los 170 km/h, lo que cubre sobradamente las condiciones de tráfico real. Tanto el control del variador de velocidad del motor trifásico que realiza el accionamiento del banco, como la recogida de resultados de medida en las pruebas de excitación y de fatiga de los compuestos piezoeléctricos, se realiza de forma automatizada mediante código informatico. El peso que soporta cada eje del banco es configurable, permitiendo reproducir las señales obtenidas en aplicaciones donde los materiales piezoeléctricos actúan de sensores enterrados en la calzada para vehículos tanto pesados como ligeros. Gracias a esta nueva herramienta se facilita la investigación con materiales de este tipo en aplicaciones viales optimizando tanto el tipo como la disposición e instalación de los mismos, además de abrir el camino a la novedosa investigación sobre

Metales traza en sedimentos de la Bahía de Cayo Moa (Cuba. Una evaluación de la contaminación

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Yosbanis M. Cervantes-Guerra

2011-12-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se evalúan los niveles de cuatro elementos traza: arsénico (As, cobre (Cu, plomo (Pb y zinc (Zn en sedimentos superficiales de la bahía de Cayo Moa, en la cual la actividad humana ha incidido desde mediados del pasado siglo, paralelamente al desarrollo de una de las regiones mineras más importante de Cuba. Para evaluar el grado de contaminación de los sedimentos se utilizaron tres métodos fundamentales: la comparación con otros ecosistemas marinos, la determinación del nivel de enriquecimiento metálico mediante el cálculo del Factor de Contaminación, y la interpretación de los datos obtenidos con base en criterios de calidad. El rango de concentraciones varió entre 7-153 µgg-1 para As, 18-175 µgg-1 para Cu, 5-62 µgg-1 para Pb y de 46-527 µgg-1 para el Zn. La distribución espacial de las concentraciones mostró valores altos en toda la bahía y zonas aledañas, con variaciones según el elemento analizado; los mayores niveles de As se encontraron en las desembocaduras de los ríos Moa y Cayo Guam. El Cu, Pb y Zn están en mayor proporción en el interior de la bahía, específicamente en el punto P5, aunque en los puntos ubicados en el sur de Cayo Moa Grande los valores de estos contaminantes fueron también elevados. Los resultados muestran una elevada concentración de As, Cu, Pb y Zn; los niveles de contaminación revelados en este estudio permiten clasificar algunos puntos analizados como altamente contaminados o con un potencial de riesgo biológico alto.

Implementación de trazados viales, según el uso y ocupación del suelo (COS – CUS), en ciudades del Ecuador con menos 260.000 habitantes

OpenAIRE

Ayabaca Cazar, Fabián Ramiro

2014-01-01

El objetivo de esta investigación es establecer un esquema básico de procedimientos para la implementación de un estudio que permita el desarrollo de una red vial aplicando la reglamentación de uso y ocupación del suelo, en relación con las nuevas leyes vigentes, así como, facilitar al técnico municipal con una guía para establecer los estudios necesarios previos a la aplicación de un diseño de un trazado vial. En la parte inicial de investigación permitió identificar las estructuras legal...

Prototype apparatus for the measurement of tritium in expired air using plastic scintillator pellets.

Science.gov (United States)

Furuta, Etsuko; Ito, Takeshi

2018-02-01

A new apparatus for measuring tritiated water in expired air was developed using plastic scintillator (PS) pellets and a low-background liquid scintillation counter. The sensitivity of the apparatus was sufficient when a large adapted Teflon vial was used. The measurement method generated low amounts of organic waste because the PS pellets were reusable by rinsing, and had adequate detection limits. The apparatus is useful for the safety management of workers that are exposed to radioactive materials. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Trace elements in the Prestige fuel-oil spill: Levels and influence on Laxe Ria sediments (NW Iberian Peninsula); Elementos traza en el combustible vertido por el Prestige: Niveles e impacto sobre el sedimento de la Ria de Laxe (noroeste de Espana)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Prego, R; Cobelo-Garcia, A; Santos-Echeandia, J [Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas CSIC, Vigo, (Spain); Marmolejo-Rodriguez, J [Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas-Instituto Politecnico Nacional, La Paz, (Mexico)

2006-03-15

Trace elements have been determined in sediments from the Laxe Ria (NW Iberian Peninsula) one year before and one year after the Prestige fuel-oil spill (November 2002; 42 degrees 11 minutes North, 12 degrees 02 minutes West). The elements analyzed (Cd, Cu, Mo, Ni, Se and V) were chosen because they appeared to represent a potential contaminant from the deposited oil in the sediments. Enrichment factors, based on Al-normalized background concentrations, did not indicate metal contamination in the sediments from most of the ria; however, a severe contamination by Cu, Mo, Ni and V was found in the area of Corme Inlet, where the fuel oil could have accumulated as a result of the ria's hydrodynamic pattern. [Spanish] Se cuantifico la concentracion de 19 elementos quimicos en el combustible pesado derramado al mar desde los tanques del petrolero Prestige (noviembre de 2002; 42 grados 11 minutos Norte, 12 grados 02 minutos Este). Entre ellos, se investigo la presencia de Cd, Cu, Mo, Ni, Se y V en el sedimento superficial de la Ria de Laxe (NO de Espana) en los anos anterior y posterior al vertido debido a que sus niveles son similares tanto en el fuel como en el sedimento. Los factores de enriquecimiento, obtenidos tras normalizacion de las concentraciones con el aluminio, no indican contaminacion del sedimento en la ria. No obstante, se detecto una severa contaminacion por Cu, Mo, Ni y V en la ensenada de Corme donde el vertido podria haberse acumulado como resultado de la hidrodinamica de la propia ria.

Optimización de la oferta vial para el transporte privado de la ciudad de Azogues

OpenAIRE

Cabrera Vélez, Sonia Lucía

2017-01-01

La optimización de la oferta vial para el transporte privado en la ciudad de Azogues, se obtiene a través de la implementación de los Sistemas Inteligentes de Transporte, que son un conjunto de soluciones diseñadas para mejorar la operación y seguridad del transporte. Enmarcados en este concepto, dentro de la Ciudad de Azogues, se estudió este tema debido al crecimiento de la flota vehicular, en gran parte, producto del aumento económico de los ingresos familiares por el fenómeno migratorio, ...

Evaluación del pavimento de la carretera “cumbe – oña (tramo i)” de 20 km de longitud, ubicada en la provincia del Azuay mediante equipos de auscultación vial

OpenAIRE

Bravo Castro, María Fernanda

2011-01-01

Evaluacion del Pavimento de la Carretera “Cumbe – Oña (Tramo I)” de 20 Km de longitud, ubicada en la Provincia del Azuay mediante Equipos de Auscultación Vial Evaluacion del Pavimento de la Carretera “Cumbe – Oña (Tramo I)” de 20 Km de longitud, ubicada en la Provincia del Azuay mediante Equipos de Auscultación Vial

CARACTERIZAÇÃO FÍSICO-QUÍMICA DA ÁGUA E DETERMINAÇÃO DE METAIS PESADOS (Cr, Cu, Pb e Zn NO SEDIMENTO DO RIACHO ARROIO DO PADRE (ARROIO DO PADRE, BRASIL/RS

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Glauco Rasmussen Betemps

2014-12-01

Full Text Available A hidrografia do município de Arroio do Padre é constituída por sangas e arroios, entre os quais está o arroio do Padre. Desde a emancipação, o pequeno município tem se expandido próximo a este riacho comprometendo sua qualidade, devido à atividade agrícola e ao crescimento populacional. O presente trabalho investiga a qualidade ambiental do riacho Arroio do Padre, caracterizando-o através de análises físico-químicas da água e determinando a granulometria, o Carbono Orgânico Total e a concentração dos metais Cu, Cr, Pb e Zn no sedimento. As águas do riacho se enquadram nas Águas Doces de Classe 1 da Resolução do CONAMA 357/05. Os resultados dos ensaios físico-químicos indicaram baixo impacto ambiental sobre o riacho. O sedimento apresenta baixos níveis de contaminação pelos metais estudados, com exceção do Zn, não oferecendo risco à vida aquática.

Streamlined sample cleanup using combined dispersive solid-phase extraction and in-vial filtration for analysis of pesticides and environmental pollutants in shrimp

Science.gov (United States)

A new method of sample preparation was developed and is reported for the first time. The approach combines in-vial filtration with dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) in a fast and convenient cleanup of QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) extracts. The method was appli...

Application of single-vial ready-for-use formulation of 111In- or 177Lu-labelled somatostatin analogs.

Science.gov (United States)

de Blois, Erik; Chan, Ho Sze; de Zanger, Rory; Konijnenberg, Mark; Breeman, Wouter A P

2014-02-01

For the sake of safety it would be desirable to store and transport the ready-for-use liquid formulation (diagnostics and therapeutics) of radiolabelled peptides. The use of ethanol, in combination with a mixture of gentisic- and ascorbic acid, has superior effects on stabilizing radiolabelled somatostatin analogs. As a consequence, (111)In- and (177)Lu-labelled somatostatin analogs can be stored and transported in a single-vial ready-for-use liquid formulation up to 7 days after radiolabelling. © 2013 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Study and determination of the influence factors of the radiopharmaceutical vials dimensions used for actimeter calibration at IPEN; Estudo e determinacao de fatores de influencia das dimensoes dos frascos de radiofarmacos utilizados no IPEN para calibracao de ativimetros

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Martins, Elaine Wirney

2010-07-01

The efficiency and safety of the nuclear medicine practice depend, among others factors, of a quality control programme, mainly related to the use of the nuclide activity meters (activimeter). One of the most important sources of errors in the activimeter measurements is the thickness, size and volume of the vial that contains the radiopharmaceutical considering that a typical activimeter has its response dependent of the vial used. The objective of this work was to establish a quality control programme and the correction factors for the geometry of the vials used for distribution of radiopharmaceutical and activimeters calibration, considering that the Calibration Laboratory of Instruments (LCI) of the Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN) has a NPL-CRC Secondary Standard Radionuclide Calibrator System, manufactured for the Southern Scientific plc, compound by an ionization chamber well type and a current measurement system, with traceability to National Physical Laboratory (NPL) and calibrated with a P6 vial type with different dimensions of the one used for the IPEN. The radiopharmaceutical produced by IPEN {sup 67}Ga, '1{sup 31}I, {sup 201}Tl and {sup 99}mTc, had been tested using the two different vials. The results shown a maximum variation of 22% for {sup 201}Tl, and the minimum variation was 2.98% for {sup 131}I. The correction factors must be incorporated in the routine calibration of the activimeters. (author)

Rotina computacional e equação simplificada para modelar o transporte de sedimentos num Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico Computational routine and simplified equation for modeling sediment transport capacity in a Dystrophic Hapludox

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Gilmar E. Cerquetani

2006-08-01

Full Text Available Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram desenvolver rotina computacional para a solução da equação de Yalin e do diagrama de Shields e avaliar uma equação simplificada para modelar a capacidade de transporte de sedimento num Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico que possa ser utilizada no Water Erosion Prediction Project - WEPP, assim como em outros modelos de predição da erosão do solo. A capacidade de transporte de sedimento para o fluxo superficial foi representada como função-potência da tensão cisalhante, a qual revelou ser aproximação da equação de Yalin. Essa equação simplificada pôde ser aplicada em resultados experimentais oriundos de topografia complexa. A equação simplificada demonstrou acuracidade em relação à equação de Yalin, quando calibrada utilizando-se da tensão média cisalhante. Testes de validação com dados independentes demonstraram que a equação simplificada foi eficiente para estimar a capacidade de transporte de sedimento.The objectives of the present work were to develop a computational routine to solve Yalin equation and Shield diagram and to evaluate a simplified equation for modeling sediment transport capacity in a Dystrophic Hapludox that could be used in the Water Erosion Prediction Project - WEPP, as well as other soil erosion models. Sediment transport capacity for shallow overland flow was represented as a power function of the hydraulic shear stress and which showed to be an approximation to the Yalin equation for sediment transport capacity. The simplified equation for sediment transport could be applied to experimental data from a complex topography. The simplified equation accurately approximated the Yalin equation when calibrated using the mean hydraulic shear stress. Validation tests using independent data showed that the simplified equation had a good performance in predicting sediment transport capacity.

Intervención estatal, desempeño empresario y ámbitos privilegiados de acumulación: el caso del sector vial durante la última dictadura militar, Argentina (1976-1981)

OpenAIRE

Iramain, Lucas Daniel; Instituto Interdisciplinario de Economía Política de Buenos Aires

2010-01-01

Se abordan los rasgos más significativos de la intervención económica estatal en relación a la construcción de obras públicas viales durante el lapso 1976-1981 y analizar bajo ese mismo período el desempeño económico de las principales empresas intervinientes en el mercado vial. La consecución de estos dos propósitos, a su vez, permitirá establecer si durante esos años se generaron las condiciones propicias para la configuración de un ámbito privilegiado de acumulación (Castellani, 2006), en ...

In-vial liquid-liquid microextraction-capillary electrophoresis method for the determination of phenolic acids in vegetable oils.

Science.gov (United States)

Abu Bakar, Nur Bahiyah; Makahleh, Ahmad; Saad, Bahruddin

2012-09-12

An in-vial liquid-liquid microextraction method was developed for the selective extraction of the phenolic acids (caffeic, gallic, cinnamic, ferulic, chlorogenic, syringic, vanillic, benzoic, p-hydroxybenzoic, 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic, o-coumaric, m-coumaric and p-coumaric) in vegetable oil samples. The optimised extraction conditions for 20 g sample were: volume of diluent (n-hexane), 2 mL; extractant, methanol: 5 mM sodium hydroxide (60:40; v/v); volume of extractant, 300 μL (twice); vortex, 1 min; centrifugation, 5 min. Recoveries for the studied phenolic acids were 80.1-119.5%. The simultaneous determination of the phenolic acid extracts was investigated by capillary electrophoresis (CE). Separations were carried out on a bare fused-silica capillary (50 μm i.d.× 40 cm length) involving 25 mM sodium tetraborate (pH 9.15) and 5% methanol as CE background electrolyte in the normal polarity mode, voltage of 30 kV, temperature of 25°C, injection time of 4s (50 mbar) and electropherograms were recorded at 200 nm. The phenolic acids were successfully separated in less than 10 min. The validated in-vial LLME-CE method was applied to the determination of phenolic acids in vegetable oil samples (extra virgin olive oil, virgin olive oil, pure olive oil, walnut oil and grapeseed oil). The developed method shows significant advantages over the current methods as lengthy evaporation step is not required. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Características del sedimento de la orina en pacientes con infección urinaria Characteristic of urine sediment in patients with urine infection

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Rosina Medina Ferrer

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y observacional de 56 pacientes con infecciones urinarias a repetición que acudieron al Laboratorio Clínico del Hospital Provincial Docente Clinicoquirúrgico "Saturnino Lora Torres" de Santiago de Cuba, procedentes de las salas y consultas externas del Policlínico de Especialidades de dicha institución, de junio del 2010 a mayo del 2011, para determinar las características del sedimento de la orina previo al diagnóstico y posterior al tratamiento mediante 2 técnicas: cituria y conteo de Addis. En la serie preponderaron el sexo femenino y las edades de 20 a 51 años, y coincidieron en ambas pruebas las variaciones patológicas del sedimento urinario de la mayoría de los afectados. Después de la terapéutica, no obstante, persistió la positividad en la sedimentación en 100 % de las muestras analizadas por el conteo de Addis, aunque con una mejoría ostensible de esta.A descriptive and observational study of 56 patients with repeated urine infections who were attended at the Clinical Laboratory from "Saturnino Lora Torres" Clinical Surgical Teaching Provincial Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, coming from the rooms and outpatients department from the Specialties Polyclinic in this institution was carried out from June, 2010 to May, 2011, to determine the characteristics of urine sediment previous to the diagnosis and after treatment by means of 2 techniques: cyturia and Addis count. Female sex and ages from 20 to 51 years prevailed in the series, and in both tests the pathological variations of the urinary sediment of most affected patients coincided. However, after therapy, the positive result in sedimentation persisted in 100% of the samples analyzed through Addis count, although with an ostensible improvement of it.

Monitoramento de problemas com plantas aquáticas e caracterização da qualidade de água e sedimento na UHE Mogi-Guaçu Monitoring problems with aquatic plants and characterization of water and sediment quality at UHE Mogi-Guaçu

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A.L. Cavenaghi

2005-06-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho foi realizado na UHE Mogi-Guaçu, pertencente à AES Tietê S.A. Levantamento de plantas aquáticas e amostragem de água e sedimento foram realizados em julho de 2001 (estação seca, novembro de 2001 (início da estação chuvosa e março de 2002 (final da estação chuvosa. Foram feitas 846 análises de água e 516 de sedimento, avaliando-se 47 características da água e 41 do sedimento. Espécies marginais e flutuantes foram as principais infestantes do reservatório, merecendo destaque as espécies Brachiaria subquadripara, Eichornia crassipes, Polygonum lapathifolium, Panicum rivulare, Salvinia auriculata e Pistia stratiotes. A turbidez e conseqüente baixa transmissão de luz pela coluna d'água impossibilitaram o desenvolvimento de plantas submersas. Teores de fósforo e nitrogênio encontrados tanto na água quanto no sedimento mostraram-se suficientes para suportar o crescimento de plantas aquáticas. A ocorrência de plantas marginais e flutuantes estava associada ao intenso processo de sedimentação observado no reservatório.This research was carried out at the Mogi Guaçu reservoir owned by AES Tiete. Assessment of aquatic plants and water and sediment sampling were carried out in July 2001 (dry season, November 2001 (start of rainy season and March 2002 (end of rainy season. A total of 846 water and 516 sediment analyses were performed, with 47 water and 41 sediment characteristics being evaluated. Marginal and floating species were the main weeds in the reservoir, the most outstanding being Brachiaria subquadripara, Eichornia crassipes, Polygonum lapathifolium, Panicum rivulare, Salvinia auriculata and Pistia stratiotes. Turbidity and low light transmission by water column made the growth of the submerged plants impossible. Phosphorus and nitrogen concentration both in the water and sediment was adequate to support aquatic plant growth. The occurrence of marginal and floating plants was associated with the intense

Method for the analysis of triadimefon and ethofumesate from dislodgeable foliar residues on turfgrass by solid-phase extraction and in-vial elution.

Science.gov (United States)

Runes, H B; Jenkins, J J; Field, J A

1999-08-01

Triadimefon, a fungicide, and ethofumesate, an herbicide, are commonly applied to turfgrass in the Pacific Northwest, resulting in foliar residues. A simple and rapid method was developed to determine triadimefon and ethofumesate concentrations from dislodgeable foliar residues on turfgrass. Turfgrass samples were washed, and wash water containing surfactant (a 0.126% solution) was collected for residue analysis. This analytical method utilizes a 25 mm C(8) Empore disk and in-vial elution to quantitatively determine triadimefon and ethofumesate in 170 mL aqueous samples. The analytes were eluted by placing the disk in a 2 mL autosampler vial with 980 microL of ethyl acetate and 20 microL of 2-chlorolepidine, the internal standard, for analysis by GC/MS. The method quantitation limits are 0.29 microg/L for ethofumesate and 0.59 microg/L for triadimefon. The method detection limits are 0.047 microg/L and 0.29 microg/L for ethofumesate and triadimefon, respectively. Concentrations of triadimefon and ethofumesate from dislodgeable foliar residues from a field study are reported.

Caracterização hidrodinâmica e do transporte de sedimentos na região fluvio-estuarina do rio Paracauari, Ilha de Marajó, Pará

OpenAIRE

Ferreira, Gabriela Padilha

2013-01-01

O Rio Paracauari é o principal rio que drena a porção nordeste da Ilha de Marajó, estado do Pará, maior ilha fluvio‐estuarina do mundo, e que integra a rede fluvial da foz da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Amazonas. O presente trabalho visou caracterizar o funcionamento hidrodinâmico do baixo‐estuário rio Paracauari e quantificar o aporte de sedimentos do mesmo para a baía de Marajó em função do regime sazonal das chuvas na região, com amostragens durante os períodos de maior volume...

Intervención estatal, desempeño empresario y ámbitos privilegiados de acumulación. El caso del sector vial durante la última dictadura militar, Argentina (1976-1981

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LUCAS DANIEL IRAMAIN

2013-05-01

Full Text Available Las políticas destinadas a las obras públicas viales en la Argentina durante el lapso 1976-1981, constituyen ejemplos, paradójicos, de la creciente participación económica del Estado, en el marco de un proceso político-institucional signado por un discurso fuertemente liberal y contrario a la expansión de la actividad estatal. En ese sentido, los objetivos de este trabajo son caracterizar los rasgos más significativos de la intervención económica estatal en relación a la construcción de obras públicas viales durante el lapso 1976-1981 y analizar bajo ese mismo período el desempeño económico de las principales empresas intervinientes en el mercado vial. La consecución de estos dos propósitos, a su vez, permitirá establecer si durante esos años se generaron las condiciones propicias para la configuración de un ámbito privilegiado de acumulación (Castellani, 2006, en torno a las obras viales. Abstract The policies oriented to public road-building works during 1976-1981 in Argentina, constitute paradoxical examples of the increasing economic participation of the Estate, within the framework of a political and institutional process signed by a strong liberal speech, opposed to the expansion of Estate activity. Hence, the objectives of this work are to characterize the most significant aspects of the estate economic intervention in relation to public road-building works from 1976 to 1981 and to analyze the economic performance of the main companies participating in the road-market during that period. At the same time, the completion of these goals will allow to establish whether a configuration of a privileged accumulation space (Castellani, 2006 around road-works took place during those years.

Assessing the potential toxicity of marine sediments found in petroleum industry areas: A new approach based on responses of postlarval shrimp; Evaluacion del potencial de toxicidad de sedimentos marinos en areas de la industria petrolera: Un nuevo metodo basado en respuestas de postlarvas de camarones

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Evangelista, A.J.A.; Nascimento, I.A.; Pereira, S.A.; Lopes, M.B.N.L.; Martins, L.K.P. [Laboratorio de Bio Marinha e Biomonitoramento IBIO-UFBA, Campus Universitario de Ondina, Salvador (Brazil); Fillmann, G [Plymouth Marine Laboratory, West Hoe, PL (United Kingdom)

2005-03-15

impacted and relatively unperturbed environments, but also to separate the different degrees of impact among areas subjected to petroleum industry activities in the coastal environment. [Spanish] Se evaluo la toxicidad de sedimentos del area del noreste de la Bahia de Todos os Santos, Bahia, Brasil, para evaluar el impacto ambiental inducido por 50 anos de actividad industrial petrolera (Petrobras). Se recolectaron muestras de sedimento durante un ano, con intervalos de tres meses, en cuatro sitios relacionados con areas de extraccion (Ilha das Fontes, estacion 4), transporte (Ilhas de Madre de Deus y Pati, estaciones 2 y 3) y refinacion del petroleo (RELAM, estacion 1). Dos estaciones de referencia (5 y 6) se localizaron fuera del area de influencia del petroleo, al sur de la bahia. Se llevaron a cabo bioensayos estaticos por 96 h, usando postlarvas (PL) de Lytopenaeus vannamei con 7 a 8 dias de desarrollo. El ensayo fue realizado en contenedores con 200 g de sedimento superficial (1 cm de profundidad) y 2 L de agua (agua de mar filtrada, 28 ppm de salinidad, 27 {+-} C y DO bajo saturacion). Se alimentaron 15 PL en los contenedores diariamente con 60 nauplios de Artemia salina. Se monitorearon parametros quimicos. La mortalidad y la ganancia en peso seco fueron tomadas como parametros de validacion (end point). Los datos de mortalidad obtenidos de los sedimentos de las estaciones de Petrobras no mostraron diferencias significativas, en comparacion con las estaciones de referencia; sin embargo, la ganancia en peso seco mostro diferencias significativas entre estaciones. El valor maximo se alcanzo en la estacion 1 (refineria RELAM). Las estaciones 2 y 3 de las areas de transporte de petroleo no mostraron diferencias significativas. Para evaluar la sensibilidad de la prueba del sedimento para detectar contaminacion por la industria petrolera, los datos de toxicidad fueron considerados en terminos de niveles de hidrocarburos analizados en dichos sedimentos en las areas de

Evaluación de factores camión de los vehículos comerciales de carga que circulan por la red vial principal colombiana

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Luis F. Macea

2013-01-01

Full Text Available La estimación del tránsito es uno de los aspectos más importantes en el análisis y diseño estructural de pavimentos y para su adecuada determinación se hace necesario disponer de valores de factor camión actualizados. En el presente estudio se evaluaron los factores camión de los vehículos comerciales de carga de la red vial primaria de Colombia. Con este objetivo, en el año 2011 se realizaron treinta y ocho operativos móviles de pesaje de ejes en carretera, localizados en distintos puntos estratégicos de la red vial nacional. Como resultado se obtuvo, a través de procedimientos estadísticos, factores camión actualizados y representativos para cada tipo de camión que circula en las vías analizadas. Estos factores camión podrían ser utilizados en el diseño de tramos carreteros con características socioeconómicas similares a aquellas de las vías evaluadas. De igual forma, se encontró que a nivel nacional la flota vehicular de carga está compuesta por los camiones tipo C3-S3, C2, C3-S2, C3 y C2-S2 con una distribución del 36%, 35%, 13%, 11% y 5%, respectivamente. Adicionalmente, se observó que los camiones C3 y C3-S3 son los que mayor daño le causan a la infraestructura vial colombiana, ya que se encuentran circulando excesivamente sobrecargados en algunos tramos departamentales del país.

Radio-isotope generator

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Benjamins, H.M.

1983-01-01

A device is claimed for interrupting an elution process in a radioisotope generator before an elution vial is entirely filled. The generator is simultaneously exposed to sterile air both in the direction of the generator column and of the elution vial

Qualidade da água e do sedimento de fundo de alguns córregos do município de Castelo, Estado do Espírito Santo = Water and bottom sediment quality of some streams of Castelo city, Espírito Santo state

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Atanásio Alves do Amaral

2014-05-01

Full Text Available 2 3 . No município de Castelo existem corpos hídricos em áreas agrossilvipastoris, utilizados para irrigação de lavouras, dessedentação animal e consumo humano. Objetivou-se, com esse estudo, avaliar a qualidade da água e do sedimento de fundo de oito córregos do município de Castelo, com base em variáveis físico-químicas. A temperatura, o oxigênio dissolvido (OD e o pH da água foram medidos por meio de sonda. As amostras de sedimento de fundo foram coletadas com uma pá de ponta chata, com volume de 2,565 dm³ e, depois de secas, foram homogeneizadas e encaminhadas para o laboratório, onde foram determinados o pH, os teores de fósforo, potássio, cálcio, magnésio, alumínio, ferro, cobre, zinco, manganês, boro, sódio, carbono e matéria orgânica, a acidez potencial, a capacidade de troca catiônica, a soma de bases trocáveis e os índices de saturação de bases, de alumínio e de sódio. Verificou-se que o OD está abaixo do limite recomendado pelo CONAMA, na maioria dos pontos amostrados, mas o pH está dentro dos limites recomendados. No sedimento de fundo, os teores de ferro são altos, o que é uma característica dos solos da região. Com exceção do ferro e do manganês, os teores de minerais são baixos ou médios, na maioria dos pontos. A porcentagem de matéria orgânica é menor que 10% do peso seco, caracterizando o sedimento de fundo como mineral, em todos os pontos. O alto teor de areia indica pouca afinidade dos metais pelo sedimento de fundo. Essa condição, associada à acidez do sedimento de fundo, favorece a liberação dos minerais para a coluna de água, constatando-se o risco de contaminação ambiental. = In Castelo city, there are water bodies in agroforestry areas, used for irrigating crops, watering animals and human consumption. This study aimed to evaluate the water and bottom sediment quality of eight streams in Castelo city, based on physico-chemical variables. Temperature, dissolved oxygen

Estudo sobre os teores de Tório, Urânio e Potássio nas águas superficiais e sedimento marginal do Rio Piracicaba, Minas Gerais, Brasil

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Marluce Teixeira Andrade Queiroz

Full Text Available RESUMO: Nesse estudo, o principal objetivo foi mensurar a concentração de tório, urânio e potássio aplicando a técnica da análise por Ativação Neutrônica Instrumental em dois compartimentos ambientais, águas superficiais e sedimento marginal, do rio Piracicaba, em Minas Gerais. Esse rio possui área de drenagem que inclui as regiões do Quadrilátero Ferrífero da Região do Vale do Aço, sujeitando-se a intensa ação antropogênica. As amostragens ocorreram em quatro pontos de coleta, localizados nos municípios de Fonseca, Rio Piracicaba, Nova Era e Ipatinga, nas estações seca e chuvosa. As concentrações determinadas para aqueles elementos no sedimento se apresentaram elevadas em comparação com os valores usualmente observados para o perfil geológico na região de estudo, denotando relação com o modelo de exploração econômica, notadamente com a mineração e siderurgia. Evidencia, também, a relação com a degradação do feldspato potássico e do quartzo. Na água superficial, constatou-se o incremento da concentração do tório e potássio em comparação com os valores do Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente (CONAMA, nº. 357/2005. Os achados desse estudo explicitaram a necessidade da adoção de medidas mitigadoras, visando a contenção dos danos ambientais.

AVALIAÇÃO DO POTENCIAL DE PRODUÇÃO DE SEDIMENTOS PARA A PCH PIEDADE – MONTE ALEGRE DE MINAS / MG

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Lísia Moreira Cruz

2013-10-01

Full Text Available A construção de reservatórios modifica a dinâmica natural de um rio interferindo no transporte de partículas sólidas, pois forma-se um meio artificial de retenção de sedimentos, provocando dentre outras consequências o assoreamento. A manutenção desses reservatórios para um uso mais eficaz e conservacionista é de fundamental importância. O presente trabalho buscou realizar um estudo no intuito de definir as potenciais áreas-fonte ao assoreamento do Lago da PCH Piedade, localizada no município de Monte Alegre de Minas – MG, por meio do mapeamento da suscetibilidade à erosão laminar e da densidade de drenagem. Assim, os dados de pedologia, declividade, uso e ocupação do solo e densidade de drenagem, foram levantados, analisados e sintetizados por meio de mapas. Os produtos cartográficos proporcionam um melhor entendimento das possíveis áreas produtoras de sedimentos que poderão gerar o assoreamento e desse modo fornecem subsídios para a prevenção e redução do carreamento de partículas para o lago. O mapeamento foi realizado em uma adaptação da proposta de Salomão (1994, in: GUERRA et al., 1999 para verificação da potencialidade à erosão laminar, e Guimarães (2008 que, além da erosão laminar faz análises morfométricas da área de estudo. Para elaboração dos mapas foi utilizado o software ArcGIS 9.2. O mapeamento apontou a existência de condições favoráveis ao controle do assoreamento em função dos aspectos naturais (como a baixa declividade na maior parte da área e a predominância de solos de erodibilidade moderada, porém quanto ao uso e ocupação do solo é necessária uma atenção mais efetiva, pois a maior parte da área de estudo é ocupada por pastagens e culturas.

Medición de microdeformaciones en losas viales usando sensores de redes de Braggen fibras ópticas Microdeformation measurement of concrete roadway slabs using fiber Bragg gratings

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Francisco Javier Vélez Hoyos

2010-06-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se presenta un método no invasivo para la medición de microdeformaciones en estructuras de concreto usando sensores de redes de Bragg en fibras ópticas adheridos a su superficie. Se realizan mediciones en losas viales de concreto bajo una carga estática de 10 kN, encontrándose una relación aproximada de 2 : 1 entre la deformación registrada por los sensores y los valores arrojados por una simulación computacional con el método de elementos finitos. Se propone el uso de estos sensores para el monitoreo estructural de losas en una malla vial con sensores distribuidos y multiplexados por longitud de onda. Este es el primer reporte en Colombia de medición de deformación de losas viales usando sensores de fibra óptica.This work shows a non–invasive method for micro–deformation measurements of concrete structures using Bragg grating sensors in optical fibers adhered to the surface. Measurements on roadway slabs under a 10 kN static load are made, finding an approximated ratio of 2 : 1 between the deformation registered by the sensors and the values from a computational simulation with the finite element method. We propose the use of these sensors for slab structural monitoring in a road network employing distributed and wavelength multiplexed sensors. This is a first report in Colombia of roadway slabs microdeformation measurement using fiber optic sensors.

MONITORAMENTO DE SEDIMENTOS E REJEITOS DA USINA DE FERRO CARAJÁS ATRAVÉS DO SISTEMA DE GEOBARRAGEM (ESTUDO DE CASO

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José Carlos Oliveira

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Com o objetivo de dar suporte atividades diárias de controle e para auxiliar a tomada de decisões na operação das barragens das minas de ferro da CVRD, Carajás-PA, foi desenvolvido, em parceria com a empresa Geoexplore Consultoria e Serviços, um sistema de Gestão de Barragens baseado em geotecnologias. O GeoBarragem foi concebido para atuar na coleta de dados de campo, no armazenamento dos dados relacionados à gestão das barragens, na análise e integração espacial e na simulação do preenchimento das barragens. É composto por um coletor de dados através de Handheld, um Sistema Gerenciador de Banco de Dados, um software para integração e análise espacial de dados e um simulador de preenchimento de barragens. Palavras chave: Monitoramento; Sedimentos e rejeitos; Geobarragem Minas de Ferro de Carajás.

Determinação dos elementos-traço (Zn, Co e Ni em sedimentos da Plataforma Continental Amazônica sob influência da descarga do rio Amazonas Determination of trace elements (Zn, Co and Ni in sediments at the Amazon Continental Shelf on influence of the Amazon River discharge

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Gilmar Wanzeller Siqueira

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida na Plataforma Continental Amazônica (PCA no trecho compreendido entre os cabos Orange (AP e Maguari (PA, para determinar os teores de Zn, Co e Ni nos sedimentos superficiais, identificando o papel dos sedimentos como fonte ou reserva de elementos-traço. A concentração dos elementos metálicos apresentou a seguinte associação: Zn > Ni > Co. Os sedimentos localizados na PCA podem ser considerados como sítio de ocorrência natural dos elementos metálicos, não havendo influência de fontes poluidoras na liberação destes para o sistema.Determination of trace elements (Zn, Co and Ni in sediments at the Amazon Continental Shelf on influence of the Amazon River discharge This research was developed at Amazon Continental Shelf (ACS between the Orange Cape (Amapá State and the Maguari Cape (Pará State, to determine the levels of zinc, cobalt and nickel in the superficial sediments identifying its inputs and outputs. The rate of these metallic elements in the sediments decreases following Zn> Ni> Co. The concentrations of total metals in the surface sediments range from Zn = 52.8 159.5; Ni = 21.7 47.4 and Co = 14.3 48.8 (mg.kg-1. The levels of trace elements observed in the sediments at ACS are of natural occurrence. Pollution sources of metallic elements were not observed.

Proyecto de mejora y acondicionamiento como apeadero multimodal de la parcela ARI-T03 y de varios viales en el municipio de San Fernando (Cádiz)

OpenAIRE

Díaz Ramos, Jesús

2014-01-01

El objeto del presente Proyecto es definir las obras necesarias para la correcta ejecución de las obras de mejora y acondicionamiento como apeadero multimodal de la parcela ARI-T03 y de varios viales, en el municipio de San Fernando (Cádiz).

Clean room for the production of cold kits: two year experience with the production of kits for 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Muralidharan, Sheela H.; Nair, Preeti; Ghodke, Archana S.; Pillai, Thara; Sheri, Kumar Uma; Vanaja, R.; Mehra, Kiran S.; Sachdev, S.S.; Sivaprasad, N.

2010-01-01

A new clean room has been designed and constructed at Radiopharmaceuticals Programme, BRIT keeping in view the functional aspects for the production of 'cold' kits for the preparation of 99m Tc radiopharmaceuticals for supply to nuclear medicine centers and is in operation, since October, 2008. This clean room is the first clean room in the country designed exclusively for cold kit production. The clean room was validated and trial batches were produced and quality controlled prior to put it in regular production operation. The clean environment is maintained by separate AHU (air handling unit) located out side the clean room. A technical crew maintain the AHU unit and maintain record of parameters such as humidity, air flow, blower speed, chiller temperature etc. During a typical batch production not more than two persons are present in the formulation room. The formulated solution (filtered through 0.22μ membrane filter) is passed though a pass box between the formulation and dispensing area. The no. of people allowed in the dispensing area which is a critical area of class 100 is restricted to not more than four that too no person is allowed to be in between direct flow of HEPA filtered air and the dispensing table. The number of vials to be dispensed is arranged in trays and 1 ml of the formulated sterile solution is dispensed into each vial and the vials are transferred in to the lyophilization chamber. Sterile vials are introduced into class 100 area and the vials are removed after lyophilization though a pass box. After lyophilization vials are sealed with aluminum caps and stored at 2-10 deg C. Since the commissioning of the new clean room, about 120 batches of 10 different kit products were prepared and 1,20,000 kit vials were supplied to various hospitals for nuclear medicine investigation

Leaching of plastic polymers by plastic vials used for storing homoeopathic medicines: A preliminary study

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Neeraj Gupta

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Background: In Homoeopathy, plastic containers/vials are used for the storing/dispensing of ethanol-based medicines instead of glass. Various studies have suggested that plastic components that leach out in stored substances tend to cause contamination and may produce adverse effects in living systems. The present study was aimed to find out chemical composition and leaching behaviour of commonly used plastic vials (PVs if any during the storage of ethanol-based homoeopathic medicines in optimal environment. Material and Methods: The experiments were conducted on two sample sets of PVs. Chemical properties of PV were assessed by Fourier Transform Infrared Attenuated Total Reflectance (FTIR-ATR spectroscopy. PV were cut separately [sample-1 (S-1 and sample-2 (S-2] and immersed in Homoeopathic Grade Ethanol (HGE in conical flask and stored for 7 days at ambient temperature (25° ± 5C with constant rotary shaking. After 7 days, S-1 and S-2 of PV in Homoeopathic Grade Ethanol (HGE were decanted and filtered. Aliquots (A1 and A2 were analysed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H 1 NMR. The spectral graph obtained by FTIR-ATR spectroscopy for PV compositions and spectral graph obtained by H 1 NMR spectroscopy for PV ethanol aliquots were examined for PVs material and PV leaching effect in HGE. Results: FTIR-ATR spectra showed that PV are made up of two types of polyolefin′s compounds i.e. Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE and Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE. Aliquots of PV in HGE showed the presence benzophenone and its methyl derivative, heat and light stabiliser (2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine and amino derivative, antioxidant (4, 4′- thiobis and 2-tertbutyl-5-methylphenol and plasticizer bis 2-Diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP or Dioctyl phthalate (DOP. Results of study suggest that PVs leach out plastic polymers in HGE. Conclusion: This preliminary experiment suggests that it is not safe to use LDPE/LLDPE plastic for storing

Medición de microdeformaciones en losas viales usando sensores de redes de Bragg en fibras ópticas

OpenAIRE

Vélez-Hoyos, Francisco Javier; Serpa-Imbet, Claudia Milena; Gómez-Cardona, Nelson Darío

2010-01-01

En este trabajo se presenta un método no invasivo para la medición de microdeformaciones en estructuras de concreto usando sensores de redes de Bragg en fibras ópticas adheridos a su superficie. Se realizan mediciones en losas viales de concreto bajo una carga estática de 10 kN, encontrándose una relación aproximada de 2 : 1 entre la deformación registrada por los sensores y los valores arrojados por una simulación computacional con el método de elementos finitos. Se propone el uso de estos s...

Especies de foraminíferos bentónicos indicadoras del estado de óxido-reducción del sedimento superficial en el margen continental central del Perú

OpenAIRE

Cardich Salazar, Jorge Aquiles

2012-01-01

La comunidad de foraminíferos bentónicos fue estudiada en dos transectas batimétricas frente a Callao (12° S) y Pisco (14° S) entre 2009 y 2011, con el objetivo de determinar especies indicadoras de microhábitats geoquímicos en un gradiente de condiciones de óxido-reducción en el sedimento. Se analizó la variación espacio-temporal y el microhábitat vertical de las especies y su relación con los factores ambientales: oxígeno de fondo (OD), sulfuro de hidrógeno en agua intersticial (H2S), fitop...

Evaluación ecotoxicológica de sedimentos en una zona del Río Uruguay, con puntos finales indicadores de toxicidad aguda, sub-letal, crónica, reproductiva y teratogénica

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Diana Míguez Carames

2011-05-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar la toxicidad de los sedimentos de una zona del Río Uruguay, aplicando una batería de bioensayos. Las muestras provinieron de: una zona de influencia de descargas domésticas y efluentes de una planta de celulosa (Fray Bentos, una ciudad turística aguas abajo (Las Cañas y otra aguas arriba (Nuevo Berlín, sin influencia directa de dichos vertidos. Los bioensayos aplicados en elutriados fueron: de toxicidad con Photobacterium leiognathi, de reproducción con Ceriodaphnia dubia, de teratogenicidad y letalidad con Pimephales promelas y el ensayo sub-letal en sedimento completo con Hyalella curvispina. Para evaluar la biodisponibilidad y las rutas de toxicidad, se midió el fraccionamiento del 2,4,5-triclorofenol, con resultados: 63% disuelto, 27% adsorbido sobre partículas y el resto sedimentado.Se observó toxicidad por orgánicos y metales con P. leioghnati para todos los sitios. La frecuencia de malformaciones vertebralesde P. promelas fue de 3.3% en Fray Bentos, pero C. dubia sólo mostró efectos en Nuevo Berlín y Las Cañas. Los efectos con H. curvispina se evidenciaron en todas las muestras. Las rutas de toxicidad incluirían la ingestión de contaminantes disueltos y particulados asociados a arcillas y limo. El vínculo causa-efecto para la toxicidad se continuará investigando.

Aislamiento rápido del virus dengue 3 por el método de shell vial en el brote de dengue en Lima

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Victoria Gutiérrez P

2005-07-01

Full Text Available El aislamiento de virus dengue con los métodos tradicionales demora hasta un mes, en situaciones de emergencia como el brote de dengue clásico en el distrito de Comas-Lima entre abril y mayo de 2005, es necesario un diagnóstico precoz. Se procesaron 117 muestras de sueros de pacientes con diagnóstico clínico de dengue clásico en fase virémica procedentes la zona del brote, mediante el método de shell vial para el aislamiento del virus dengue en la línea celular C6-36, se identificó el serotipo del virus mediante inmunofluorescencia indirecta (IFI empleando anticuerpos monoclonales. Se logró el aislamiento del virus DEN-3 al quinto día de cosecha en el 48,7% (57/117 de los sueros. Los resultados sugieren que el método de shell vial, por el menor tiempo de aislamiento que el método tradicional, puede ser implementado como método de diagnóstico y usado en la vigilancia epidemiológica del virus dengue.

Liquid-air partition coefficients of 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC152a), 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HFC143a), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC134a), 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane (HFC125) and 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC245fa).

Science.gov (United States)

Ernstgård, Lena; Lind, Birger; Andersen, Melvin E; Johanson, Gunnar

2010-01-01

Blood-air and tissue-blood coefficients (lambda) are essential to characterize the uptake and disposition of volatile substances, e.g. by physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling. Highly volatile chemicals, including many hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) have low solubility in liquid media. These characteristics pose challenges for determining lambda values. A modified head-space vial equilibrium method was used to determine lambda values for five widely used HFCs. The method is based on automated head-space gas chromatography and injection of equal amount of chemical in two head-space vials with identical air phase volumes but different volumes of the liquid phase. The liquids used were water (physiological saline), fresh human blood, and olive oil. The average lambda values (n = 8) were as follows: 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC152a) - 1.08 (blood-air), 1.11 (water-air) and 5.6 (oil-air); 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HFC143a) - 0.15, 0.15 and 1.90; 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC134a) - 0.36, 0.35 and 3.5; 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane (HFC125) - 0.083, 0.074 and 1.71; and 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC245fa) - 0.62, 0.58 and 12.1. The lambda values appeared to be concentration-independent in the investigated range (2-200 ppm). In spite of the low lambda values, the method errors were modest, with coefficients of variation of 9, 11 and 10% for water, blood and oil, respectively.

Origem e dinâmica da deposição dos sedimentos superficiais na Várzea do Lago Grande de Curuai, Pará, Brasil Source and deposition dynamics of superficial sediments in the "Várzea do Lago Grande de Curuai" floodplain, Pará, Brazil

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Marcelo Andrade Amorim

2009-03-01

Full Text Available Este estudo tem por objetivo caracterizar os sedimentos superficiais de um sistema de Várzea do Rio Amazonas, quanto a sua granulometria e ao seu teor orgânico, assim como compreender a origem e a hidrodinâmica destes sedimentos. 51 amostras de sedimento superficial foram coletadas na Várzea do Lago Grande de Curuai, localizada na margem direita do Rio Amazonas à aproximadamente 850km da foz. A granulometria, o teor em carbono orgânico e nitrogênio total, a razão entre o carbono e o nitrogênio (C/N, assim como o isótopo estável do carbono (δ13C e do nitrogênio (δ15N foram utilisados para este fim. Este estudo colocou em evidência que os sedimentos da várzea são finos, caracterizados principalmente pela presença de silte (médio à fino, seguido de argila e tem como principal fonte o Rio Amazonas e a Formação Alter do Chão. A presença de areia é pequena e extremamente localizada, próxima as áreas de deságue dos igarapés de terra firme que representam sua maior fonte. O teor de matéria orgânica nestes sedimentos varia entre 1,5 à 37% de carbono. Os resultados do isótopo do carbono (13C e da razão C/N evidenciam a presença de matéria orgânica composta por diferentes fontes: material orgânico terrígeno, macrofítico, solos, material orgânico transportado pelo rio, e um componente fitoplanctônico.The main objectives of this study were to characterize superficial sediments of an Amazonian floodplain system, by its size and organic content, and also to understand the local hydrodynamic and sources of these sediments. 51 samples of superficial sediment were collected in the floodplain "Várzea do Lago Grande de Curuai", located on the right bank of the Amazon River, approximately, 850km from the estuary. The granulometry, the organic carbon and total nitrogen contents, the carbon and nitrogen ratio (C/N, as well as the isotope of carbon (δ13C and nitrogen (δ15N were used. This study points out that the sediments

Analytical procedure for the in-vial derivatization-extraction of phenolic acids and flavonoids in methanolic and aqueous plant extracts followed by gas chromatography with mass selective detection.

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Fiamegos, Y.C.; Nanos, C.G.; Vervoort, J.J.M.; Stalikas, C.D.

2004-01-01

An in-vial simple method for the combined derivatization and extraction of phenolic acids and flavonoids from plant extracts and their direct determination with GC-MS, is described. The method is taking advantage of the beneficial potentials of phase transfer catalysis (PTC). Catalysts in soluble

Diseño de un plan estratégico de seguridad vial departamental (Modelo piloto para el departamento de Boyacá

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Flor Ángela Cerquera Escobar Julio Andrés Pabón Cachope Ricardo Andrés Fajardo

2010-11-01

Full Text Available Sintetiza  una  serie  de  consideraciones  que  sirvencomo marco  de  referencia  para  definir  un  plan  deacción en seguridad vial, cuyo desarrollo y ejecuciónestán  encaminados  a  reducir  los  accidentes  en  lasvías del departamento de Boyacá, y que sirve comomodelo guía para cualquier otra región del país. Losresultados  que  se  presentan  fueron  obtenidos  en  eldesarrollo  del  proyecto  de  grado  en  Ingeniería  deTransporte  y  Vías  t itulado  “Diseño  del  PlanEstratégico de Seguridad Vial para el departamentode Boyacá”;  además,  se  consideran  varios  tópicosplanteados en documentos que sobre Seguridad Vialha  desarrollado  el  Grupo  de  Invest igación  yDesarrollo en Operación del Tránsito, GIDOT. Esteproyecto  se  adelantó  como  un  direccionamiento  alPlan  de  Desarrollo  del  departamento,   en  lo

Ciliates (Protozoa from dried sediments of a temporary pond from Argentina Ciliados (Protozoa de sedimentos secos de una charca temporaria de la Argentina

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Gabriela Cristina Küppers

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Temporary ponds represent special environments that are inhabited by organisms adapted to changing environmental conditions. Ciliates are able to survive complete loss of water in these transient habitats through cyst formation. However, ciliates from the Neotropical region in general have been poorly studied with modern techniques. The main goal of this study is to describe the ciliates in dried sediments of a temporary pond from Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, through sampling efforts that were performed 2003-2005. Soil samples were obtained during drought phases and re wetted in laboratory to establish raw and enriched cultures. Ciliates were then studied both in vivo and after impregnation with protargol. In this study, we present 4 new records for Argentina (Gonostomum affine (Stein, 1859 Sterki, 1878, Stylonychia bifaria (Stokes, 1887 Berger, 1999, Pleurotricha lanceolata (Ehrenberg, 1835 Stein, 1859, Meseres corlissi Petz and Foissner, 1992, 1 for South America (Blepharisma americanum (Suzuki, 1954 Hirshfield, Isquith and Bhandary, 1965, and 2 for the Neotropical Realm (Gonostomum strenuum (Engelmann, 1862 Sterki, 1878, Stylonychia lemnae Ammermann and Schlegel, 1983.Los cuerpos de agua temporarios son ambientes particulares que se encuentran habitados por organismos adaptados a condiciones fluctuantes. Los ciliados son capaces de sobrevivir a la pérdida completa de agua del ambiente gracias a la formación de estructuras de resistencia. Por otra parte, los ciliados de la región Neotropical han sido poco investigados con técnicas modernas. El objetivo de este estudio es referir los ciliados que se desarrollaron a partir de los sedimentos secos de una charca temporaria de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, en la que se realizaron muestreos durante el período 2003-2005. Las muestras de suelo fueron obtenidas durante las fases de sequía y luego resuspendidas en el laboratorio para realizar cultivos naturales y enriquecidos. Los

Influencia del tráfico en la acumulación de metales pesados sobre vías urbanas: Torrelavega (España-Soacha (Colombia

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Carlos Alfonso Zafra Mejía

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Asociado al suelo de áreas con una alta densidad de tráfico se han detectado elevadas concentraciones de metales. Los usuarios de las vías y aquéllos que viven en ambientes cercanos están potencialmente expuestos. Este artículo presenta un estudio del comportamiento de la concentración de metales pesados asociados con el sedimento acumulado sobre superficies viales (Torrelavega-España y Soacha-Colombia. Se distinguieron dos tipos de muestras: la aspirada directamente y la recolectada tras un barrido. Se determinó su distribución granulométrica (63-2800 μm y la concentración de metales (Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, Cd y Ba asociada con cada fracción de tamaño por medio de espectrometría de absorción atómica de llama y de plasma inductivamente acoplado con espectrometría de masas. Los resultados mostraron que el sedimento con un mayor tiempo de residencia sobre la superficie estuvo más expuesto a la trituración generada por el tráfico (i.e., granulometría más fina; de esta manera, probablemente tendió a presentar una mayor susceptibilidad a la suspensión por el viento y la turbulencia del tráfico. En este sentido, la fracción de tamaño inferior a 63 μm presentó las mayores concentraciones. A mayor tiempo de residencia del sedimento sobre la superficie, mayores concentraciones metálicas asociadas. Las zonas con una mayor densidad de tráfico tienden a presentar las mayores concentraciones. Además, las calzadas con un mayor uso como línea de aparcamiento tienden a presentar mayores concentraciones, a pesar de registrar una menor densidad de tráfico. En las ciudades de investigación, el Pb supera los límites establecidos por la legislación utilizada como de referencia.

Estimativa da produção de sedimentos mediante uso de um modelo hidrossedimentológico acoplado a um SIG Sediment yield prediction through the use of a runoff-erosion model coupled to a GIS

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Richarde M. da Silva

2008-10-01

Full Text Available O Kineros é um modelo hidrossedimentológico usado para se estimar a vazão e a produção de sedimentos em bacias urbanas e rurais. No presente trabalho, o modelo foi aplicado à bacia do rio Pirapama, localizada na zona litorânea do Estado de Pernambuco, cujos resultados foram acoplados a um SIG com o objetivo de identificar, temporal e espacialmente, os principais locais em que o processo de erosão foi mais atuante na bacia do rio Pirapama. O modelo foi calibrado com dados diários de 1990 a 2001 de dois postos pluviométricos. Através do acoplamento dos resultados da modelagem no SIG, foi possível a identificação das principais áreas susceptíveis ao processo erosivo. Os resultados da produção de sedimentos na bacia mostraram que os planos com maior produção produziram mais de 200 t ha-1 ano-1, perfazendo o total de 653.079 t, correspondentes a uma área de 67,87 km² (11,3% da área total da bacia revelando, assim, que grande parte da bacia é realmente susceptível ao processo de erosão. Este trabalho mostra que o modelo Kineros é viável para bacias maiores que 100 km² e o seu acoplamento ao SIG é de grande valia para a identificação e análise das principais áreas de produção de sedimentos na bacia deste rio podendo ser, assim, considerado ferramenta promissora para simulação da produção de sedimentos em bacias hidrográficas do nordeste brasileiro.Kineros is a runoff-erosion model used to compute runoff and sediment yield in urban and rural basins. In this paper, the model was applied to the Pirapama river basin, located in the coastal zone of the State of Pernambuco. The obtained results were linked to a GIS in order to temporally and spatially identify the areas susceptible to the erosion process within the Pirapama river basin. The model was calibrated with daily rainfall data from two raingauges for the period from 1990 to 2001. From the coupling of the modeling results into a GIS, it was possible to

Propuesta de manual para la administración de contratos de servicios de consultoría en obras viales

OpenAIRE

Aronés Barbarán, Eddie Enzo

2014-01-01

La tesis tiene como objetivo aportar con un manual de administración de contratos de consultaría de obras viales. Para ello, se exponen los conceptos básicos de la inversión pública, los procesos de selección y de la contratación que el consultor llevará a cabo, así como el estudio de preinversión o definitivo. Finalmente, se intenta ofrecer una guía consolidada y descriptiva de las actividades secuenciales en la gestión de obras de infraestructura pública enfocada en los estudios de preinver...

The Greenhouse Effect in a Vial.

Science.gov (United States)

Golden, Richard; Sneider, Cary

1989-01-01

Presents an example of a greenhouse-effect experiment from the Climate Protection Institute. Analyzes the amount of carbon dioxide in ambient air, human exhalation, automobile exhaust, and nearly pure carbon dioxide by titrating with ammonia and bromthymol blue. (MVL)

Environmental Testing of Tritium-Phosphor Glass Vials for Use in Long-Life Radioisotope Power Conversion Units

Science.gov (United States)

Zemcov, Michael; Cardona, Pedro; Parkus, James; Patru, Dorin; Yost, Valerie

2017-01-01

Power generation in extreme environments, such as the outer solar system, the night side of planets, or other low-illumination environments, currently presents a technology gap that challenges NASA's ambitious scientific goals. We are developing a radioisotope power cell (RPC) that utilizes commercially available tritium light sources and standard 1.85 eV InGaP2 photovoltaic cells to convert beta particle energy to electric energy. In the test program described here, we perform environmental tests on commercially available borosilicate glass vials internally coated with a ZnS luminescent phosphor that are designed to contain gaseous tritium in our proposed power source. Such testing is necessary to ensure that the glass containing the radioactive tritium is capable of withstanding the extreme environments of launch and space for extended periods of time.

Medición de la concentración de sedimentos en suspensión mediante dispositivos ópticos y acústicos: aplicación en sistemas tropicales (Delta del río Mira, Colombia)

OpenAIRE

Restrepo,Juan Camilo; Pierini,Jorge Omar

2012-01-01

En los últimos años, la utilización de dispositivos ópticos (e.g. Optical Backscatter Sensor, OBS) y acústicos (e.g. Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler-ADCP) ha permitido monitorear con mayor resolución la variabilidad temporal y espacial de la concentración de sedimentos en suspensión (CSS) en ambientes costeros y estuarinos. Sin embargo, la aplicación de estas técnicas en ambientes tropicales ha tenido un desarrollo incipiente. En el presente trabajo se implementó un procedimiento de calibra...

Composición elemental y contenido de metales en sedimentos marinos de la bahía Mejillones del Sur, Chile: evaluación ambiental de la zona costera Elemental composition and metal contents in the marine sediments of Mejillones del Sur Bay, Chile: an environmental assessment of the coastal zone

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Jorge Valdés

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Se midió la concentración de carbono total, nitrógeno total, azufre total, materia orgánica, Ni, Cd, Pb, Cu y Zn en sedimentos costeros (10 m de profundidad de columna de agua de ocho sectores de la bahía Mejillones. La composición elemental de los sedimentos sería el resultado de la abundante materia orgánica autóctona presente en este sistema costero. El orden de abundancia de los metales analizados fue: Zn > Cu > Ni > Pb > Cd. La concentración de metales no se explicaría por el contenido de materia orgánica ni la composición granulométrica de los sedimentos costeros. La evaluación del contenido de metales en los sedimentos, mostró que el Ni, Zn y Pb estarían levemente enriquecidos en la actualidad, aún cuando los valores se mantienen dentro de un rango cercano a los niveles preindustriales. El análisis del dendrograma de similitud de los sectores de estudio separó la línea de costa de Mejillones en dos grandes zonas; una asociada a la actividad industrial desarrollada en la bahía, y otra correspondiente al área de desarrollo urbano de Mejillones con características similares a aquellos ambientes libres de actividad antrópica directa.The total carbon, total nitrogen, total sulphur, organic matter, Ni, Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn concentrations were measured in coastal sediments (10 m water depth at eight stations in Mejillones Bay. The elemental composition of these sediments is a function of the autochthonous organic matter generated in this coastal system. The order of abundance for the metals was: Zn > Cu > Ni > Pb > Cd. The metal content is not explained by the organic matter content or grain size of these coastal sediments. The evaluation of the concentration metals in the sediments showed that Ni, Zn, and Pb are slightly enriched at the present, although with values that are similar to preindustrial concentrations. A cluster analysis of the similarity in the study area separated the Mejillones coast into two main zones

Aquatic macrophytes drive sediment stoichiometry and the suspended particulate organic carbon composition of a tropical coastal lagoon Macrófitas aquáticas determinam a estequiometria do sedimento e a composição do carbono orgânico particulado em suspensão de uma lagoa costeira tropical

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Cláudio Cardoso Marinho

2010-06-01

role in the composition of suspended POC, thus representing an important coupling between compartments in this lagoon.OBJETIVO: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar: (1 a influência das macrófitas aquáticas Typha domingensis Pers., Eleocharis interstincta (Vahl Roem. & Schult. (emergentes e Potamogeton stenostachys K. Schum. (submersa, sobre a estequiometria do sedimento e (2 a contribuição desta comunidade para a composição do carbono orgânico de diferentes compartimentos de uma lagoa costeira tropical, Lagoa de Cabiúnas (Macaé, RJ; MÉTODOS: Perfis de sedimento de 10 cm, fracionados de 2 em 2 cm foram coletados nas regiões litorânea e limnética para análises de nutrientes (C, N e P. Na região litorânea, o sedimento foi coletado em três estações: bancos de T. domingensis, E. interstincta e P. stenostachys. Para avaliação da ciclagem do C na lagoa Cabiúnas foi determinada a assinatura δ13C de diversos compartimentos da lagoa (zoo e fitoplancton, macrófitas aquáticas e material dissolvido e suspenso na água e da restinga (vegetação terrestre; RESULTADOS: As concentrações de C e N na região colonizada por E. interstincta e T. domingensis foram significativamente maiores que na região limnética. Em relação à concentração de fósforo, o sedimento colonizado pela macrófita T. domingensis apresentou valor significativamente maior que a região limnética e a região colonizada por P. stenostachys. Quanto às razões molares, a região litorânea apresentou elevadas razões C:P, principalmente nos bancos colonizados por E. interstincta e P. stenostachys. As razões N:P também foram maiores na região litorânea. As análises isotópicas (δ13C mostraram que o carbono orgânico particulado na coluna d'água tem origem principalmente nos tecidos das macrófitas aquáticas; CONCLUSÕES: As macrófitas aquáticas emersas contribuem de maneira significativa para o enriquecimento de nutrientes do sedimento da lagoa Cabiúnas. O detrito das

Cocolitóforos en sedimentos marinos frente a la entrada occidental del Estrecho de Magallanes (53°S revelan cambios en la productividad durante los últimos 30.000 años

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Gloria E Sánchez

2014-11-01

Full Text Available Se presenta un nuevo registro de producción exportada de cocolitóforos (cocolitos durante los últimos 30.000 años, basado en el estudio de un testigo de sedimento marino obtenido frente a la entrada occidental del Estrecho de Magallanes (testigo MD07-3128; 53°S, 75°W. Este testigo reveló la presencia de una asociación compuesta por trece taxones de cocolitóforos dominada por Gephyrocapsa "small" (representando en promedio >80% de la asociación total y acompañada, en menor proporción (1-10%, por dos morfotipos de Emiliania huxleyi, Coccolithus pelagicus y Calcidiscus leptoporus. La concentración de cocolitos se correlacionó positivamente con el contenido de CaCO3 (P 30% y la abundancia de cocolitos (~10(9 cocolitos g-1 sedimento seco coincidieron con periodos relativamente cálidos (e.g., el Holoceno. Se hallaron marcadas diferencias al comparar estos datos con el registro de cocolitos de Saavedra-Pellitero et al. (2011 para el sitio ODP 1233 a los 41°S: en el sitio ODP 1233 la producción de cocolitóforos fue máxima durante el Último Máximo Glacial en respuesta a la advección hacia el norte de las aguas ricas en macronutrientes de la corriente Circumpolar Antártica. En contraste, el sitio MD07-3128 experimentó al mismo tiempo una baja en productividad de cocolitóforos probablemente relacionada al efecto negativo ejercido por un alto aporte de material terrígeno y agua de deshielo proveniente del gran casquete de hielo patagónico.

MOBILIDADE DO MERCÚRIO DO AMÁLGAMA ODONTOLÓGICO NO PROCESSO REDUTIVO EM SEDIMENTOS: ANÁLISE FATORIAL EXPERIMENTAL

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Raquel Dalla Costa

2008-10-01

Full Text Available As águas residuais dentários podem contribuir para a carga diária total de mercúrio no ambiente. Análise fatorial experimental é útil para a análise de fatores que influenciam esta mobilidade. O objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar experimentos para analisar os efeitos das variáveis operacionais - temperatura, pH e tempo de contato - que possam afetar a mobilidade do mercúrio na forma de amálgama odontológica em um processo redutivo nos sedimentos do rio Pirapó. Com base no modelo fatorial de experimentos e na análise de variância, a temperatura foi o fator mais importante neste processo, seguido do pH e do tempo de contato. Os parâmetros afetaram a mobilidade de mercúrio total, mostrando que quando a temperatura e o tempo de contato aumentam e o pH diminui, há um aumento significativo na concentração do mercúrio no processo. Para as condições testadas, o aumento na concentração mercúrio total foi obtida nas condições de operação, temperatura = 35oC, pH = 4,0 e tempo de contato = 10 dias.

Aproximación neuro-fuzzy para identificación de señales viales mediante tecnología infrarroja

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G.N. Marichal

2007-04-01

Full Text Available Resumen: En este artículo se presenta un sistema basado en tecnología infrarroja para la clasificación de marcas viales empleando un sistema Neuro-Fuzzy como herramienta de clasificación. El sistema se ha testeado a partir de los datos suministrados cuando se ha instalado un prototipo en un robot móvil. Los resultados obtenidos son explicados en este artículo, haciendo hincapié en el diseño de nuevas reglas y la mejoría lograda mediante los métodos propuestos. Palabras clave: Control Inteligente, Robótica, Navegación de robots, Sistemas Neuro-Fuzzy

Aberrant PO2 values in proficiency testing.

Science.gov (United States)

Fonzi, C E; Clausen, J L; Mahoney, J

1993-03-01

We prospectively determined the frequency of aberrant vials of fluorocarbon/buffer used for proficiency testing of measurements of pH, PCO2, and PO2, using 20 duplicate vials from 12 lots of fluorocarbon/buffer and two arterial blood gas analyzers in eight reference laboratories. We defined aberrant vials as vials for which both duplicate measurements differed from the mean value of repeated measurements for the specific instrument (for each lot of testing materials) by > 0.04 for pH, > 10% of the mean or 3.0 mm Hg, whichever was greater, for PCO2; or > 10% of the mean or 6 mm Hg, whichever was greater, for PO2. Four of 1620 vials (0.25%) were aberrant, all based on PO2 measurements (range of mean values: pH, 7.181-7.631; PCO2, 12.7-65.9; PO2, 32.5-150.1) were 0.0055 for pH, 0.67 mm Hg for PCO2, and 1.65 mm Hg for PO2. Deliberate contamination of the fluorocarbon emulsion with room air, as might occur during sampling from the vial, indicated that only minor increases in PO2 (e.g., 1.0 mm Hg at PO2 of 56 mm Hg) occur when samples are aspirated. Larger increases in PO2 (mean 7.1 mm Hg at a PO2 of 66 mm Hg) occurred when the syringe samples were contaminated with room air. We conclude that isolated aberrant measurements of PO2 in blood gas proficiency testing attributable to vial contents can occur, but the frequency is very low.

Caracterización de la calidad de sedimentos afectados por vertidos de petróleo: comparación entre casos de vertidos accidentales (impacto agudo) frente a derrames continuos (impacto crónico)

OpenAIRE

Morales Caselles, Carmen

2007-01-01

La tesis presenta un estudio integral para carácterizar la calidad de sedimentos de dos áreas dél litoral españól afectadas por vertidos¿ de hidrocarburos. A finales del 2002 el accidente del petrolero monocasco Prestige provocó un vertido de 63000 toneladas de fuel oil pesado que se esparció en manchas, más o menos compactas y que supuso un impacto agudo de contaminación provocando una de las "mareas negras' más dañinas de las ocurridas en Galicia en los, últimos años Por-otra parte, la Babi...

Time to positivity and detection of growth in anaerobic blood culture vials predict the presence of Candida glabrata in candidemia: a two-center European cohort study.

Science.gov (United States)

Cobos-Trigueros, Nazaret; Kaasch, Achim J; Soriano, Alex; Torres, Jorge-Luis; Vergara, Andrea; Morata, Laura; Zboromyrska, Yuliya; De La Calle, Cristina; Alejo, Izaskun; Hernández, Cristina; Cardozo, Celia; Marco, Franscesc; Del Río, Ana; Almela, Manel; Mensa, Josep; Martínez, José Antonio

2014-08-01

This study shows the accuracy of exclusive or earlier growth in anaerobic vials to predict Candida glabrata in a large series of candidemic patients from two European hospitals using the Bactec 9240 system. Alternatively, C. glabrata can be predicted by a time to positivity cutoff value, which should be determined for each setting. Copyright © 2014, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

The Air Force Global Reach Laydown (GRL): Using the Estimating Supplies Program to Validate Clinical Requirements

Science.gov (United States)

2006-01-11

FOR PATIENT EVACUATION 279 ARRANGE AND DOCUMENT RETURNS TO DUTY/FLIGHT STATUS 280 PATIENT DISCHARGE INSTRUCTIONS 359 INDUCE LOCAL ANESTHESIA ... CLINDAMYCIN PHOSPHATE INJECTION USP 6ML VIAL 25 VIALS/PACKAGE PG 1 0 0.294 0.012 $33.47 0 0 $0.00 H 6505010235011 CLOTRIMAZOLE CREAM USP 1% 15GM TU 3 0

Caracterización cerámica de los sedimentos de la Albufera de Valencia

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Vicente, M.

2003-06-01

Full Text Available The Albufera is recognised as Natural Park by Generalitat Valenciana decree of 8´th July 1989 and is listed on the wet areas of international importance of the Ramsar Conference since 8´th May 1990. Batimetry studies show the gradual full up of the lake. If the stuffing and pollution process persist, lamentably, in order to preserve the lake identity it will be necessary to extract the sediments which must be environmental adequately managed. In this study the ceramic characteristics of the Albufera of Valencia sediments have been analysed in order to know the possibility of their use as ceramic raw material or as additive to ceramic stoneware of the valencian tile industry.

El lago de la Albufera es Parque Natural por decreto de 8 de Julio de 1989 de la Generalitat Valenciana y está desde el 8 de Mayo de 1990 en el listado de Zonas Húmedas de importancia internacional de la Conferencia de Ramsar. Los estudios de batimetría del lago indican que el lago continúa su proceso lento de colmatación, Si el proceso de colmatación y contaminación persevera o se inducen severas contaminaciones locales por vertidos, es posible que lamentablemente, para preservar la identidad del sistema, sea necesario dragar el lago de forma selectiva y cuidadosa siendo necesario dar un fin último a los fangos obtenidos. En este estudio se analizan las características de los sedimentos de la Albufera de Valencia desde el punto de vista cerámico, con el fin de Conocer las posibles utilizaciones de los mismos para la producción de algún tipo de cerámica o como componentes de adición a pastas cerámicas de la industria azulejera Valenciana.

Features of deep cave sediments: their influence on fossil preservation

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Cobo, R.

2003-08-01

Full Text Available We analyse how physical and chemical deep-cave sediment features preserve the morphological and geochemical characteristics of paleontological materials. Detrital sediment chemistry and clast size are fundamental because they provide a soft, impervious and plastic environment in which fossil remains are transported with minimal erosion. Sediment mineralogy provides a carbonate- and phosphate-buffered environment in which molecules of biological origin hydrolyze slower than in open-air environments or even at cave entrance sites. Because permafrost did not develop in the Iberian Peninsula (at least at the altitudes of inhabited caves, sediment desiccation never took place. In addition, sediment -pores were not aerated, which protected fossil remains from air (oxygen-linked weathering. The annual-temperature variation inside sediment was negligible, which contributed to amino acid racemization dating. Collagen amino acid and amino acid racemization analysis of cave bear and man samples from cave sediments dated from different Oxygen Isotope Stages (4": Sidrón, Amutxate, Troskaeta, El Toll, Coro Tracito, Ekain, Lezetxiki, La Pasada, Eirós; 5": Reguerillo and Arrikrutz; 6"-7": Sima de los Huesos demonstrate that important amounts of almost intact collagen still remain in teeth dentine. Fossil DNA search seems to be very promising.En este trabajo se analiza el papel que juegan las características físicas y químicas de los sedimentos de galerías profundas de cuevas en la preservación de los caracteres morfológicos y paleobiomoleculares del material paleontológico incluido en dichos sedimentos. Los aspectos geoquímicos y de tamaño de grano del sedimento son críticos: las características generan un medio blando, plástico e impermeable que permite el transporte -mecánico sin grave deterioro del material (en coladas de barro; las características químicas mineralogía del sediment* proporcionan un ambiente con tampón fosfatado

Morfología urbana y comportamiento térmico de canales viales. Desarrollo de un modelo predictivo para temperaturas máximas

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María Belén Sosa Castro

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Las ciudades modifican los parámetros climáticos de su sitio de inserción. Una de las principales alteraciones es el aumento de la temperatura del aire que origina la isla de calor urbano (ICU. La ICU aumenta la demanda de energía eléctrica y disminuye la habitabilidad de los espacios interiores y exteriores. El presente trabajo busca determinar morfologías urbanas que permitan reducir el consumo de energía eléctrica y el efecto ICU. Para ello se seleccionaron, caracterizaron y monitorearon térmicamente, durante el periodo de verano, 9 canales viales urbanos (CVU representativos del área metropolitana de Mendoza, Argentina. Con los indicadores utilizados para caracterizar los casos se construyó un modelo estadístico multivariado que predice la temperatura máxima (R2=0.85 y RSME=2.41%. Se utilizó este modelo para testear 20 posibles escenarios urbanos (16 CVU forestados y 4 sin forestación. Como resultado, se observa que la temperatura máxima en los casos forestados se mantiene hasta 12.7ºC más fresca versus los casos no forestados. Además existe una diferencia de hasta 9.8ºC entre los casos forestados, lo cual revela el impacto sobre la respuesta térmica que puede generar la elección de una combinación urbana —forestación + morfología— al momento de diseñar y planificar los esquemas de desarrollo de una ciudad.

Auditorías viales e intervenciones para prevenir atropellamientos, Cuernavaca, México, 2010

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Martha Híjar M.

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Resumen Los atropellamientos son un problema de Salud Pública en México. Representan más del 40% de las muertes reportadas como lesiones causadas por el tránsito (lct. En zonas urbanas representan hasta el 60% de las lct. Objetivo: caracterizar y analizar algunas zonas donde se concentraban tanto las muertes como los lesionados por atropellamiento en Cuernavaca, México. Metodología: desde un estudio descriptivo-retrospectivo se planearon y ejecutaron auditorías viales sobre las intersecciones que habían representado mayor riesgo de lesiones y muertes en peatones. En cada lugar se evaluó el aforo peatonal, vehicular, los ciclos semafóricos, las condiciones del medio ambiente físico y se tomaron archivos fotográficos. Resultados: se observó deficiencia de elementos del medio ambiente físico: señalamientos desgastados sobre y al costado de la vía, mala visibilidad por ramas de árboles, vehículos estacionados indebidamente, paradas no autorizadas de transporte público, no uso de puentes peatonales y ciclos semafóricos deficientes. Conclusión: las auditorías viales son herramientas procedentes y empleadas en la ingeniería del tránsito, poco usadas por los salubristas como técnicas para prevenir LCT, en especial atropellamientos. Permiten diseñar e implementar medidas de prevención primaria para disminuir los riesgos de lesión en los usuarios más vulnerables de la vía pública: los peatones. Abstract Pedestrian injuries are a public health problem in Mexico.Represent more than 40% of the deaths reported as road traffic injuries (rti. Likewise, they represent up to 60% of all RTIs in urban areas. Objective: To characterize and analyze the areas with a high incidence of fatal and non-fatal pedestrian injuries in Cuernavaca, Mexico. Methodology: a retrospective descriptive study in which street audits were conducted on the intersections with the highest risk of pedestrian fatality and injury. Pedestrian and vehicle equipment

Limnología de un Lago Tropical de Alta Montaña, en Ecuador: características de los sedimentos y tasa de sedimentación

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Günter Gunkel

2003-06-01

Full Text Available Se han realizado estudios sedimentológicos en el Lago San Pablo, un lago tropical de alta montaña, situado en los Andes del Ecuador, a 2 660 m sobre el nivel del mar. El lago presenta características propias de un estado eutrófico y, como consecuencia de esto se ha observado un crecimiento intenso de macrófitas y un hypolimnion anóxico con contenido de sulfitos orgánicos en los sedimentos. A partir de las características físico-químicas de los sedimentos superficiales, se ha podido establecer una distribución homogénea de éstos a lo largo y ancho del fondo de la cubeta. Los perfiles verticales mostraron altos contenidos de fósforo (4.3 g/kg en peso seco y una baja relación Fe/P (4.0, indicando una deficiente capacidad de retención de fósforo. La tasa de sedimentación pudo ser determinada mediante la aplicación de la prueba de 210 Pb, con la cual se obtuvo un valor de 3.5 mm/año. El análisis del contenido de 137 Cs no fue significativo debido a los bajos valores obtenidos. Los análisis verticales de sedimentos destacan el incremento de los depósitos de fósforo durante los últimos 110 años, pero este incremento representa el 50% de la concentración previa, lo cual es bastante moderado. En el pasado los ingresos de fósforo al lago también fueron altos, y se debieron a procesos naturales. Los lagos tropicales de alta montaña estudiados en el Ecuador, muestran una tendencia hacia la eutroficación. Este hecho es contradictorio, ya que estos lagos se encuentran en zonas poco pobladas y de bajo desarrollo de la vegetación.Equatorial high mountain lakes are a special type of lake occurring mainly in the South American Andes as well as in Central Africa and Asia. They occur at altitudes of a few thousand meters above sea level and are cold-water lakes (< 20°C. Relatively little is known about them. A long-term limnological study was therefore undertaken at Lake San Pablo, Ecuador, to analyze the basic limnological

Análisis integral del impacto del Cambio Climático enlos regímenes de agua, crecidas y sedimentos de una rambla mediterránea

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C. Montalvo

2017-10-01

Full Text Available El Cambio Climático y sus efectos en el Ciclo Hidrológico es un tema muy importante para todo el planeta, en la medida que estimar sus efectos tiene un papel preventivo. Esto además es especialmente crítico en las cuencas del arco mediterráneo español, dado que actualmente ya presentan un alto estrés hídrico y fuertes alteraciones antrópicas de su régimen. El caso de estudio es el de la Rambla de la Viuda. Dentro de la misma se encuentran los embalses de Mª. Cristina y Alcora, el primero de ellos con problemas de aterramiento y probable infra-dimensionamiento de su aliviadero, por lo que es prioritario el conocimiento de lo que pueda ocurrir con este embalse en el futuro. Los posibles efectos del Cambio Climático en la cuenca de la Rambla de la Viuda se han estimado utilizando el modelo hidrológico distribuido TETIS y su sub-modelo de sedimentos activado. La información meteorológica empleada proviene de escenarios climáticos regionalizados acordes con el quinto informe AR5 del IPCC, información que tuvo que ser corregida debido a errores relacionados con su resolución y/o hipótesis de regionalización. Los resultados de la modelización indican que en lo que respecta al clima, no hay una señal clara de cambios en la precipitación, tanto en cantidad como en torrencialidad, aunque si es evidente el futuro aumento de temperaturas que se traducirá en un incremento de la evapotranspiración de referencia. Tras la modelización, dicho incremento da lugar a una reducción de los recursos disponibles, tanto superficiales como subterráneos, pero al mismo tiempo a una disminución en los cuantiles de crecida, por lo que consecuentemente cabe esperar también en el futuro una disminución de los aportes de sedimentos al embalse de Mª Cristina.

Efectividad de las intervenciones de seguridad vial basadas en la evidencia: una revisión de la literatura Evidence-based effectiveness of road safety interventions: a literature review

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Ana M. Novoa

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Introducción: Únicamente se deberían implementar las intervenciones de seguridad vial con evidencia científica de su efectividad. El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en resumir la evidencia disponible sobre la efectividad de las intervenciones de seguridad vial para reducir las colisiones, las lesiones y las muertes de tráfico. Metodología: Se incluyeron todas aquellas revisiones de la literatura publicadas en una revista científica que evaluaran la efectividad de una o más intervenciones de seguridad vial, y cuyas medidas de resultado fueran colisiones, lesiones o muertes de tráfico. Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda exhaustiva en bases de datos de la literatura científica. Las intervenciones se clasificaron según su evidencia de efectividad para reducir las lesiones de tráfico (intervenciones efectivas, insuficiente evidencia de efectividad, intervenciones no efectivas siguiendo la estructura de la matriz de Haddon. Resultados: Se incluyeron 54 revisiones. Se hallaron intervenciones efectivas antes, durante y después de la colisión, y para todos los factores: a el individuo: el permiso de conducir gradual (reducción del 31% de las lesiones de tráfico; b el vehículo: control electrónico de estabilidad (2 a 41%; c las infraestructuras: pacificación del tráfico (0 a 20%, y d el entorno social: radares (7 a 30%. Algunas intervenciones no son efectivas, en especial la educación vial, y otras requieren mayor investigación. Conclusión: Las intervenciones más efectivas son aquellas que reducen o eliminan el riesgo y que no dependen del cambio de comportamiento de los usuarios ni de sus conocimientos sobre seguridad vial. Aquellas intervenciones basadas exclusivamente en la educación no son efectivas para reducir las lesiones de tráfico.Introduction: Only road safety interventions with scientific evidence supporting their effectiveness should be implemented. The objective of this study was to identify and summarize the available

Stability of 99Tcsup(m)-DTPA injection: effect of delay after preparation, dilution, generator oxidant, air and oxygen

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sampson, C.B.; Keegan, J.

1985-01-01

99 Tcsup(m)-DTPA injection is widely used in different activity concentrations and the parent solution may require dilution to achieve the correct activity and dose volume. The stability was studied after dilution of six makes of commercially available DTPA kits and it has been demonstrated that levels of free pertechnetate may reach as high as 95%. It has also been demonstrated that levels are increased by subdivision of the parent solution into vials containing air or high quantities of oxygen, by reconstitution with generator eluate containing oxidant, and by delay between preparation and injection into patients. Out of six makes tested only two were stable over a wide variety of conditions. (author)

Biopolímeros, Carbono e Enxofre Totais Associados à Atividade Bacteriana dos Sedimentos Superficiais do Delta do Paraíba do Sul, RJ-Brasil

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Lazaro Luiz Mattos Laut

2011-01-01

Full Text Available A bacia de drenagem do Rio Paraíba do Sul localiza-se ao longo do eixo Rio de Janeiro-São Paulo, de grande densidade demográfica e intensa industrialização. Este trabalho objetivou analisar quali-quantitativamente a matéria orgânica (biopolímeros, carbono orgânico total e enxofre e o estado metabólico bacteriano nos sedimentos superficiais estuarino-deltaicos do Rio Paraíba do Sul, relacionando-os a distribuição granulométrica. Em média, 65,5% dos sedimentos foi classificado como arenoso e empobrecidos em carbono e enxofre, cujas concentrações médias foram 0,71% e 0,04%, respectivamente. A razão elementar C:S indica que o ambiente é predominantemente oxidante, coerente com a forte influência fluvial no estuário desse rio de médio porte. Os biopolímeros carboidratos (média de 2075,93 μg C/g, proteínas (média de 25,70 μg C/g e lipídeos (média de 363,10 μg C/g também apresentaram concentrações inferiores a outros ambientes. Em função dessas baixas concentrações, pôde-se classificar o ambiente como sendo meso-oligotrófico. A razão CARBOIDRATO:COT identificou o impacto de atividades antrópicas, mais especificamente o aporte de efluentes domésticos ao longo de todo o seu curso e da indústria açucareira fortemente presente no seu baixo curso. A comunidade bacteriana, responsável pela hidrólise da matéria orgânica, é predominantemente anaeróbia e anaeróbia facultativa, implicando em perda de nitrogênio para a atmosfera (desnitrificação e produção de sulfetos (sulfato-redução e os baixos valores da razão PROTEINA:CARBOIDRATO refletem essa perda de nitrogênio (presente nos compostos protéicos considerando a ocorrência de bactérias desnitrificantes. Os valores encontrados de carbono bacteriano são elevados (3,29 μg C/g que também, provavelmente, são devidos aos impactos descritos.

A critical assessment of the occurrence and extend of oxygen contamination during anaerobic incubations utilizing commercially available vials

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

De Brabandere, Loreto; Thamdrup, Bo; Revsbech, Niels Peter

2011-01-01

contaminate the samples by oxygen diffusing from or through their plastic or rubber components. In this study, we investigated the sources and extent of oxygen contamination during anoxic incubations, and present solutions to minimize oxygen contamination. In particular, we investigated oxygen contamination...... in Labco® Exetainers, glass vials with a butyl rubber septum in the screw cap, which are frequently used in microbiological experiments. Our results show that significant oxygen contamination occurred at different stages during the incubation. Contamination occurred when Exetainers were either filled...... or incubated for more than16 h under oxic atmosphere, but also under an oxygen-free atmosphere due to diffusion of oxygen out of the butyl rubber septum. Therefore, to avoid oxygen contamination during incubations, we suggest (1) filling and incubating the incubation containers under anoxic atmosphere (glove...

Un registro de 6 000 años de manifestaciones intensas del fenómeno de El Niño en sedimentos de lagunas de las islas Galápagos

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1998-01-01

’enregistrement de Bainbridge, nous disposons d’autres carottes susceptibles de retracer l’histoire du phénomène El Niño. Une carotte du lac de cratère de Genovesa (6 000 ± 50 ans montre des fluctuations dans la teneur en phosphore (provenant du Guano de fous aux pattes rouges qui nichent autour du cratère et de pollen de Bursea (plante qui ne fleurit que quand il pleut. Les sédiments du lac de El Junco dans l’île de San Cristobal montrent des fluctuations des espèces de diatomées qui indiquent des variations du niveau de ce lac au cours des derniers 550 ans (daté à l’aide de Pb 210. Des carottes prélevées dans deux lagons côtiers des îles Isabela et Santiago montrent, grâce à la présence de diatomées marines et d’espèces foraminifères, des fluctuations du niveau de l’océan. Muchos de los modelos que se están desarrollando con el propósito de obtener un pronóstico efectivo del fenómeno de El Niño requieren datos históricos sobre el comportamiento del clima, y es especialmente importante para climatólogos el obtener datos de gran antigüedad. En los sedimentos de lagunas de las Islas Galápagos encontramos uno de los registros más antiguos y completos de la frecuencia con la que los eventos de más intensidad de El Niño han ocurrido. Las lluvias torrenciales que El Niño trae causan que la salinidad del agua en lagunas salobres de las islas baje considerablemente. Es posible detectar estos cambios en los sedimentos de las lagunas mediante análisis de mineralogía y geoquímica. Además una capa de agua dulce que se forma en la superficie de estas lagunas durante épocas de lluvia, causa que la composición de especies de algas microscópicas (diatomeas cambie. Las diatomeas tienen paredes celulares de silicio que permiten que la comunidad entera se preserve como fósil en los sedimentos. Un núcleo de sedimentos de 4,17 m, obtenido en la laguna salobre del cráter de Bainbridge al sureste de la Isla Santiago, nos proporciona una historia

Metales traza en sedimentos costeros de Costa Rica

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Jairo García-Céspedes

2004-12-01

Full Text Available Se determinó la concentración de hierro, plomo, cobre y zinc, en sedimentos de cuatro ecosistemas costeros de Costa Rica, por espectroscopia de absorción atómica, con llama o con horno de grafito. En el Pacífico se escogieron Bahía Culebra (Golfo de Papagayo, el Golfo de Nicoya y la bahía de Golfito (Golfo Dulce y en el Caribe la bahía de Moín. Las muestras fueron recolectadas entre los años 2000 y 2002, y los valores promedio de las concentraciones de los elementos, en todos los ecosistemas, siguieron una misma tendencia: Fe > Zn > Cu > Pb. No se encontró ningún tipo de patrón temporal de distribución de los metales en ninguno de los ecosistemas. Las concentraciones medias de hierro y de cobre fueron mayores en la bahía de Golfito (5.8% y 87 µg / g, respectivamente y menores en la bahía de Moín (3.4% y 52 µg / g. respectivamente. La concentración media de zinc fue mayor también en la bahía de Golfito (96 µg / g, pero menor en Bahía Culebra (66 µg / g. La concentración de plomo fue mayor en la bahía de Moín (6.4 µg / g y menor en Bahía Culebra (3.0 µg / g. La concentración de plomo fue alta en el Caribe y en la bahía de Golfito; los valores de concentración promedio obtenidos para el hierro, el plomo, el cobre y el zinc, fueron máximos en la bahía de Golfito, comparados con los otros ecosistemas. Con base en los datos obtenidos, se concluyó que la Bahía Culebra fue la zona más limpia; la bahía de Golfito la más contaminada y en un lugar intermedio la bahía de Moín y el Golfo de NicoyaMarine sediment samples from four coastal ecosystems in Costa Rica were taken between the years 2000-2002 and their iron, lead, copper and zinc concentrations were determined by the atomic absorption technique with flame or graphite furnace. In the Pacific coast, Culebra Bay (Papagayo Gulf, Gulf of Nicoya, and Golfito Bay (Dulce Gulf, were selected as representative sites, and Moín Bay, at the Caribbean coast. Mean metal

Single vial preparation of 99mtc ciprofloxacin for the detection of extrapulmonary tuberculosis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Prasad, Vikas; Singh, B.; Bhattacharya, Anish; Mittal, B.R.; Nidhi; Singh, A.K.; Aggarwal, A.

2005-01-01

Full text: Aim: To ascertain the usefulness of single vial formulation of Tc-99m Ciprofloxacin (Diagnobact) in detecting extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Introductions: Tuberculosis is one of the major health concerns not only in developing countries but also in the developed nations. Imaging with radiolabelled broad-spectrum antibiotic, being more specific for infection, has the advantage over other nuclear medicine techniques. We are using Diagnobact to detect sites of infection. Methods: 12 patients (age-23 ±11 years, M:F-8:4) of tuberculosis, confirmed by culture/PCR underwent Diagnobact scan. Scanning was done at 1 hour, 4 hour and 24 hours after intravenous injection of 15 mCi of Diagnobact. Rising lesion to background ratio was taken as the criteria for labeling a Diagnobact scan to be positive.Results: Of the 12 patients, two had tibial tuberculous osteomyelitis (TBOM), two vertebral TBOM, one elbow TBOM, four hip joint TBOM, two shaft of femur TBOM and one patient had soft tissue tuberculosis of gluteal region. Diagnobact scan was positive in 10 patients while two patients with vertebral TBOM were negative. Conclusion: Diagnobact, like Infecton, is also useful for the detection of extra pulmonary tuberculosis but for vertebral TBOM. However, more patients need to be studied to reach at statistically significant conclusion. (author)

MODELO DE EVALUACIÓN DINÁMICA DE LA CALIDAD EN LA INFRAESTRUCTURA VIAL DE CORREDORES LOGÍSTICOS EN COLOMBIA

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Jairo Alberto Gómez Lizarazo

Full Text Available En el presente artículo se modeliza el comportamiento de la infraestructura vial de los corredores logísticos de Colombia, utilizando dinámica de sistemas para evaluar los efectos de las políticas de inversión que se realizan en la red pavimentada. Para ello, se consideran cinco categorías que permiten evaluar la calidad de la red pavimentada definidas por el Instituto Nacional de Vías y Transporte - INVIAS. El modelo contiene la parametrización para evaluar el desgaste de las vías en función de tráfico promedio y de las inversiones que se realizan para la rehabilitación y el mantenimiento de las vías.

Evaluación de metales pesados en los sedimentos superficiales del río Pirro Evaluation of heavy metals in superficial sediments of Pirro river

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Jacqueline Herrera Núñez

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Los metales pesados tienen una importante fuente en las actividades de origen antropogénico y constituyen un peligro para la biota acuática y el ser humano y un factor de deterioro de la calidad hídrica y ambiental. Los sedimentos ribereños, uno de los principales reservorios de estos elementos, actúan como fuentes secundarias de contaminación de los cuerpos de agua, por lo que resulta importante evaluar la concentración de metales como una herramienta que permite rastrear el origen de los contaminantes en el medio y predecir los impactos que pueden producir en los ecosistemas acuáticos. En el presente trabajo se analizó por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica la concentración de Cd, Ag, Se, Sn, Ni, Cr, Cu, B, Zn, Hg, Ba, Pb, Mn, As y Al en los sedimentos superficiales del sector medio del río Pirro (Heredia, Costa Rica. Las concentraciones de estos elementos fueron muy elevadas para la mayoría de las sustancias analizadas en todos los puntos de muestreo seleccionados. Su distribución no fue homogénea, ni presentó un patrón geográfico marcadamente definido, pudiéndose encontrar altos niveles distribuidos a lo largo del transecto estudiado.Anthropogenic activities are important sources of heavy metals, which are dangerous for the aquatic biota and the human being and a factor of environmental and water quality deterioration. The sediments, one of the main reservoirs of these elements, act as secondary resources of contamination of the rivers; this is why it is important to evaluate the concentration of metals, as a tool that allows to track the origin of the contaminants in the environment and to predict their impact on the aquatic ecosystems. In the present study, the concentration of Cd, Ag, Se, Sn, Ni, Cr, Cu, B, Zn, Hg, Ba, Pb, Mn, As and Al was determined in the superficial sediments of the medium sector of Pirro River (Heredia, Costa Rica by using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The concentrations of these

Towards the use of small amounts of activated charcoal along with well-type NaI(Tl) detector for indoor radon measurements

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Al-Azmi, D.

2006-01-01

The feasibility of using small quantities of activated charcoal and a 7.6 cm x 7.6 cm NaI(Tl) well-type detector was investigated for indoor radon measurements. Vials, filled with 10 g of charcoal, were exposed for different indoor radon concentration levels typical of Kuwait dwellings. After exposure, the vials were sealed and kept for 3 h to allow radon to come into radioactive equilibrium with its progenies and were then analysed by gamma-ray spectrometry using the well-type NaI(Tl) detector. The variation of radon absorption by the vials filled with charcoal with exposure time was also studied. A comparative study of the present technique with the standard technique of using 70 g charcoal canisters and flat NaI detector was also performed. After establishing the suitability of the technique, the charcoal vials were then used to investigate the effect of air-ventilation on the concentration levels of the indoor radon. Results show that there is a reduction in the radon concentration level (up to 25%) when the air-ventilation system was switched on. The paper presents the results of the study on the feasibility of combining small amounts of activated charcoal with a well-type NaI(Tl) detector in the measurement of indoor radon concentrations. (authors)

Streamlined sample cleanup using combined dispersive solid-phase extraction and in-vial filtration for analysis of pesticides and environmental pollutants in shrimp

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Han, Lijun [College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing (China); Sapozhnikova, Yelena [U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 (United States); Lehotay, Steven J., E-mail: Steven.Lehotay@ars.usda.gov [U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 (United States)

2014-05-01

Highlights: • The first report that combines in-vial filtration and dispersive-SPE for sample cleanup. • The unique application of ammonium formate for salting-out partitioning in QuEChERS. • Evaluations of a new zirconium-based and a non-friable GCB sorbent for d-SPE cleanup. • A new analytical method for 59 pesticides and environmental pollutants in shrimp. Abstract: A new method of sample preparation was developed and is reported for the first time. The approach combines in-vial filtration with dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) in a fast and convenient cleanup of QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) extracts. The method was applied to simultaneous analysis of 42 diverse pesticides and 17 environmental contaminants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and flame retardants, in shrimp as the sample matrix. Final extracts were analyzed by both low-pressure gas chromatography – triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (LPGC-MS/MS), and high-performance liquid chromatography – triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) to provide a wide scope of analysis for targeted analytes. During method development, several different commercial sorbents for d-SPE were investigated and compared with respect to analyte recoveries. The method was validated at 10, 50, and 100 ng g⁻¹ spiking levels (10-fold lower for PCBs), and the results for nearly all analytes were between 70 and 115% recoveries with ≤17% relative standard deviations. The method was shown to be simple, fast, and effective for multi-application analysis of chemical residues in the representative food and environmental marker matrix.

Stability of tranexamic acid in 0.9% sodium chloride, stored in type 1 glass vials and ethylene/propylene copolymer plastic containers.

Science.gov (United States)

McCluskey, Susan V; Sztajnkrycer, Matthew D; Jenkins, Donald A; Zietlow, Scott P; Berns, Kathleen S; Park, Myung S

2014-01-01

Tranexamic acid has recently been demonstrated to decrease all-cause mortality and deaths due to hemorrhage in trauma patients. The optimal administration of tranexamic acid is within one hour of injury, but not more than three hours from the time of injury. To aid with timely administration, a premixed solution of 1 gram tranexamic acid and 0.9% sodium chloride was proposed to be stocked as a medication in both the aeromedical transport helicopters and Emergency Department at Mayo Clinic Hospital--Rochester Saint Marys Campus. Since no published stability data exists for tranexamic acid diluted with 0.9% sodium chloride, this study was undertaken to determine the stability of tranexamic acid diluted with 0.9% sodium chloride while being stored in two types of containers. Stability was determined through the use of a stability-indicating high-performance liquid reverse phase chromatography assay, pH, and visual tests. Tranexamic acid solutions of 1 gram in 0.9% sodium chloride 65 mL were studied at predetermined intervals for 90 days in ethylene/propylene copolymer plastic containers, protected from light, and at both controlled room and refrigerated temperatures. Tranexamic acid solutions of 1 gram in 0.9% sodium chloride 50 mL were studied at predetermined intervals for 180 days in clear Type 1 borosilicate glass vials sealed with intact elastomeric, Flourotec-coated stoppers, stored protected from light at controlled room temperature. Solutions stored in the ethylene/propylene copolymer plastic containers at both storage temperatures maintained at least 98% of initial potency throughout the 90-day study period. Solutions stored in glass vials at controlled room temperature maintained at least 92% of initial potency throughout the 180-day study period. Visual and pH tests revealed stable, clear, colorless, and particulate-free solutions throughout the respective study periods.

Artificial Leaks in Container Closure Integrity Testing: Nonlinear Finite Element Simulation of Aperture Size Originated by a Copper Wire Sandwiched between the Stopper and the Glass Vial.

Science.gov (United States)

Nieto, Alejandra; Roehl, Holger; Brown, Helen; Adler, Michael; Chalus, Pascal; Mahler, Hanns-Christian

2016-01-01

Container closure integrity (CCI) testing is required by different regulatory authorities in order to provide assurance of tightness of the container closure system against possible contamination, for example, by microorganisms. Microbial ingress CCI testing is performed by incubation of the container closure system with microorganisms under specified testing conditions. Physical CCI uses surrogate endpoints, such as coloration by dye solution ingress or gas flow (helium leakage testing). In order to correlate microbial CCI and physical CCI test methods and to evaluate the methods' capability to detect a given leak, artificial leaks are being introduced into the container closure system in a variety of different ways. In our study, artificial leaks were generated using inserted copper wires between the glass vial opening and rubber stopper. However, the insertion of copper wires introduces leaks of unknown size and shape. With nonlinear finite element simulations, the aperture size between the rubber stopper and the glass vial was calculated, depending on wire diameter and capping force. The dependency of the aperture size on the copper wire diameter was quadratic. With the data obtained, we were able to calculate the leak size and model leak shape. Our results suggest that the size as well as the shape of the artificial leaks should be taken into account when evaluating critical leak sizes, as flow rate does not, independently, correlate to hole size. Capping force also affected leak size. An increase in the capping force from 30 to 70 N resulted in a reduction of the aperture (leak size) by approximately 50% for all wire diameters. From 30 to 50 N, the reduction was approximately 33%. Container closure integrity (CCI) testing is required by different regulatory authorities in order to provide assurance of tightness of the container closure system against contamination, for example, by microorganisms. Microbial ingress CCI testing is performed by incubation of the

Implementación de un sistema integral de seguridad y Salud Ocupacional en Construcción de obras Viales para la Región Puno

OpenAIRE

Sardón Rojas, Freddy Antonio

2015-01-01

El presente trabajo brinda criterios y herramientas para la elaboración e implementación de un sistema integral de seguridad y salud ocupacional en construcción de obras viales para la Región Puno, tomando como referencia el Sistema Internacional de Gestión de Seguridad y Salud OHSAS 18001 y la normativa peruana vigente en materia de seguridad y salud en el trabajo para el sector construcción; entre las más importantes la nueva Ley 29783 ” Ley de seguridad y salud en e...

Estructura comunitaria de diatomeas presentes en los sedimentos superficiales de ocho lagos andinos de Chile central Diatoms community structure in superficial sediments of eight Andean lakes of central Chile

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INGRID E ALVIAL

2008-03-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se analizó la estructura comunitaria de diatomeas depositadas en los sedimentos superficiales de ocho lagos andinos chilenos ubicados entre los 32°49' y 38°48' S. Se encontró un total de 99 taxa de diatomeas, distribuidos en 48 géneros. Del total de taxa, 74 fueron identificados a nivel de especie siendo todos ellos cosmopolitas a excepción de Eunotia andinofrequens, Gomphonema punae, Pinnularia araucanensis y Pinnularia acidicola, entre otras, que están descritos solo para el Hemisferio Sur. Por otro lado, las muestras analizadas presentaron distinta composición florística de diatomeas. De esta manera, en los ensambles diatomológicos depositados en los sedimentos de las lagunas de altura Ocho, Huifa, Ensueño y Negra ubicadas sobre los 2.860 m del nivel del mar, abundaron especies bentónicas, típicas de aguas oligotróficas y acidas como Achnanthidium exiguum, Achnanthidium minutissimum, Encyonema minutum, Pinnularia acidicola y Planothidium lanceolatum. En los ensambles diatomológicos de los lagos Galletué, Icalma y Laja, ubicados bajo los 1.360 m del nivel del mar, abundaron diatomeas planctónicas, características de aguas alcalinas y mesotróficas como Asterionella formosa, Aulacoseira distans, Aulacoseira granulata, Cyclotella stelligera y Rhopalodia gibbaIn this research the taxonomic structure of diatoms in sediments of high mountain lakes was studied. These lakes are located in Chile between 32°49' and 38°48' S in the Andean Cordillera. A total of 99 diatom taxa distributed in 48 genera were identified and all this taxa are cosmopolitan excepting a Eunotia andinofrequens, Gomphonema punae, Pinnularia araucanensis and Pinnularia acidicola, which are know only for the Southern Hemisphere. The assemblages of diatoms were different in the studied lakes. So the high mountain lakes Ocho, Huifa, Ensueño and Negra, dominated benthic diatoms which are typical of oligotrophic and acid waters as Achnanthidium

Application of modified shell vial culture procedure for arbovirus detection.

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Edna R Caceda

Full Text Available The isolation of arboviruses from patient's low titer sera can be difficult. Here we compared the detection efficiency of Dengue (DEN, Yellow Fever (YF, Saint Louis Encephalitis (SLE, West Nile (WN, Ilheus (ILH, Group C (GC, Oropouche (ORO, Mayaro (MAY and Venezuela Encephalitis Equine (VEE viruses using a Modified Shell Vial Culture (MSVC protocol to a Standard Cell Culture (SCC protocol. First the MSVC and SCC protocols were compared using five dilutions for each of the following stock viruses: DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, DEN-4, YF, SLE, WN, ILH, GC, ORO, MAY and VEE. Next, patients' original sera from which viruses (DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, YF, GC, ORO, MAY and VEE had been previously isolated were compare by the two methods using five sera dilutions. In addition, seven sera that were positive for DEN-3 by RT-PCR and negative by SCC were processed by MSVC. The MSVC protocol was consistently 1-2 logs higher virus dilution more sensitive for virus detection than the SCC protocol for all stock Flaviviruses tested (DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, DEN-4, YF, SLE, WN and ILH. MSVC was equal to or one log more sensitive for virus detection than SCC for the stock Bunyaviruses (GC and ORO. For the stock Alphavirus MAY, MSVC was equally or one log more sensitive for virus detection than SCC, while for VEE SCC was equally or one log more sensitive for virus detection than MSVC. MSVC was consistently one to two sera dilutions more sensitive than SCC for the detection of Flaviviruses from patients' sera. Both methods were approximately equally sensitive for the detection of Bunyaviruses from patients' sera and equal or one dilution less sensitive for the detection of Alphaviruses from patients' sera. Additionally, MSVC detected DEN virus in five of seven DEN-3 RT-PCR positive, SCC negative patients' sera.

La responsabilidad civil del concesionario de obras viales y su fundamento en la obligación de seguridad respecto de los usuarios en el Derecho chileno

OpenAIRE

Diez Schwerter,José Luis

2012-01-01

Este trabajo analiza el reconocimiento y aplicación que tiene en Chile la obligación del concesionario de obras públicas viales de garantizar la seguridad de los usuarios en la utilización de las obras concesionadas, como fundamento de su responsabilidad civil. Verificando luego que a esta obligación se le ha dado un alcance homogéneo frente a hipótesis dañosas similares, se concluye destacando el acercamiento importante que genera entre los distintos regímenes de responsabilidad civil en bas...

Development and Evaluation of User-Friendly Single Vial DOTA-Peptide Kit Formulations, Specifically Designed for Radiolabelling with 68Ga from a Tin Dioxide 68Ge/68Ga Generator.

Science.gov (United States)

Prince, Deidré; Rossouw, Daniel; Davids, Claudia; Rubow, Sietske

2017-12-01

This study was aimed to develop single vial 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA)-peptide kits to be used with fractionated eluates from a SnO 2 -based 68 Ge/ 68 Ga generator. Kits were formulated with 35 μg DOTA-Tyr 3 -Thre 8 -octreotide, DOTA-[Tyr 3 ]-octreotide and DOTA-[NaI 3 ]-octreotide (DOTATATE, DOTATOC and DOTANOC) and sodium acetate powder, vacuum-dried and stored at -20 °C for up to 12 months. Labelling of the kits was carried out with 2 ml 68 Ga eluate. Comparative labelling was carried out using aqueous DOTA-peptide stock solutions kept frozen at -20 °C for up to 12 months. The quality of the kits was found to be suitable over a 1-year storage period (pH, sterility, endotoxin content, radiolabelling efficiency and radiochemical yields of 68 Ga-labelled DOTA-peptides). Radiochemical yields ranged from 73 to 83 %, while those obtained from stock solutions from 64 to 79 %. No significant decline in kit labelling yields was observed over a 12-month storage period. The single vial kit formulations met the quality release specifications for human administration and appear to be highly advantageous over using peptide stock solutions in terms of stability and user-friendliness.

EXPORTACIÓN DE SEDIMENTOS DESDE CUENCAS HIDROGRÁFICAS DE LA VERTIENTE ORIENTAL DEL GOLFO DE URABÁ: INFLUENCIAS CLIMÁTICAS Y ANTRÓPICAS SEDIMENT EXPORTS FROM THE EASTERN BASIN IN THE GULF OF URABA: CLIMATIC AND ANTHROPOGENIC INFLUENCES

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Andrea Arroyave-Rincón

2012-06-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se analizaron series de tiempo mensuales de precipitación (mm, caudal (m³/s y exportación de sedimentos (kton/día en cuencas de la vertiente oriental del golfo de Urabá. Se analizó la dinámica de la exportación de sedimentos, la relación caudal-exportación y caudal-precipitación. Se infirió el papel de fenómenos atmosféricos estacionales y multianuales (El Niño-Oscilación Sureña, ENOS, y factores antrópicos. Se encontraron variabilidades intra-anuales significativas (ANOVA: pThis article reports on a time-series analysis of monthly precipitation (mm, river discharge (m³/s and sediment export (kton/day in Urabá Gulf. We analyzed the dynamics of sediment exports relative to river discharge, and the dynamics of this latter variable relative to precipitation. We inferred the role of seasonal and multi-annual atmospheric drivers, and anthropogenic factors. We found significant intra-annual variability (ANOVA: p<0.001 consistent with the movement of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone. The Pearson correlation between variables showed direct and significant relationships (p<0.001. The ENSO did not influence precipitation. Using aerial-photographs, we analyzed anthropogenic factors in the municipalities of Apartadó (1961-2005 and Chigorodó (1961-2007, finding up to a 90% forest-cover loss. Using double-mass graphs, it was observed an increase in slope steepness (during mid 90’s, consistent with an increase in sediment export rate relative to discharge, thus suggesting that there was a significant effect of human factors, such as deforestation.

Sterility and Stability of Diluted Carprofen in a Multidose Vial in the Laboratory Animal Setting.

Science.gov (United States)

Simonek, Gregory D; Alarcio, Gwendolyne G; Brignolo, Laurie L

2017-05-01

Using compounded multidose vials (cMDV) is a common practice in the laboratory animal setting, where medications often are diluted to provide appropriate doses to rodents. However, bacterial contamination of MDV has been well established in both the human and veterinary medical literature. For this study, we created 14 cMDV by diluting carprofen into sterile water (dilution, 1:10) and stored 6 cMDV each at 5 and 24 °C. The stoppers of the cMDV were not cleaned with alcohol, and all were punctured twice daily for 28 d. The sterility of the diluted carprofen was evaluated by assessing bacterial growth on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 and by testing for bacterial endotoxin on days 0 and 28. We used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to assess the stability of 2 cMDV, with each cMDV being divided into the 2 storage-temperature subsets for days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Neither bacterial contamination nor endotoxin was detected, and drug stability was stable over the 28 d. We suggest that with pragmatic techniques, such as secondary containment and consistent use of new needles, the contents of cMDV can remain sterile and stable for 28 d.

Suspended sediment entrainment estimation in unsteady turbulent flows by means of a stochastic meted; Computo de la incorporacion de sedimento en suspension en flujos turbulentos no permanentes utilizando un enfoque estocastico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rodriguez, Jose Fernando; Garcia, Marcelo Horacio [Universidad de Illinois (United States); Admiraal, David Mark [Universidad de Nebraska en Lincoln (United States)

2001-06-01

In order to compute the total amount and vertical distribution of suspended sediment, a reference concentration near the bed or entrainment function is needed, and considerable research effort has been dedicated to obtain such formulae. Several entrainment functions are available in the literature, but all of them have been developed for steady, uniform flow conditions. The ability of such relationships to predict entrainment rates in unsteady flows has not been demonstrated, nor has there been any attempt to develop a general formulation that work for both steady and unsteady flow conditions. The traditional approach relates the entrainment of sediment to the wall shear stress associated with skin friction in a deterministic way, providing only a relation between mean values. An alternative is to consider both the shear stress and the entrainment as stochastic turbulent quantities and to express them in terms of their probability density functions (PDFs). In this way, statistics of the entrainment can be obtained from measured shear stress PDFs, either in steady or unsteady situations, since the effect of unsteadiness is embedded in the PDF. This new methodology was used to estimate sediment entrainment produced by the passage of vessels in the Mississippi River and the Illinois River. Using a low order cumulant expansion to describe the PDF of the shear stress and a generalized version of Garcia and Parker's entrainment relationship, an expression for the average of the entrainment as a function of the average, variance, skewness of the shear stress distribution was obtained. Predictions compared favourably with values reported in the literature. [Spanish] Para calcular la cantidad total y distribucion vertical de sedimento en suspension es preciso conocer una concentracion de referencia cerca del lecho o funcion de incorporacion, para lo cual se ha hecho un considerable esfuerzo por obtener dichas formulas. Existen varias funciones de incorporacion en la

Chemical and microbiological characterization of mangrove sediments after a large oil-spill in Guanabara Bay - RJ - Brazil Caracterização química e microbiológica de sedimentos de manguezal após um grande derramamento de óleo na Baia de Guanabara, RJ, Brasil

OpenAIRE

Maria do Carmo Maciel-Souza; Andrew Macrae; Antonia Garcia Torres Volpon; Patrícia Silva Ferreira; Leda Cristina Mendonça-Hagler

2006-01-01

Seventeen months after a 1,3 million L oil spill into Guanabara Bay, analyses of mangrove sediments showed that the three sites closest to the spill remain highly polluted (>10 µg-g-1 polyaromatic hydrocarbons). A fourth site was less polluted, from which most hydrocarbon degrading bacteria were isolated.Dezessete meses após um derramamento de 1,3 milhões de litros de óleo na Baía de Guanabara, análises de sedimento do manguezal mostraram que os três pontos de amostragem mais próximos d...

Visión criminológica de los delitos contra la seguridad vial en España/Criminological vision of crimes against security road in Spain

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Juan Antonio Carreras Espallardo

2011-08-01

Full Text Available Es el delincuente vial aquel quien se ha escapado del ojo clínico del criminólogo. La discusión al respecto es importante ya que implica una criminalidad mayor en potencia y diversos factores sociales que interactúan entre sí. En contraparte se presenta la víctima la cual debe ser consideraba para el tratamiento adecuado ante un evento traumático. El presente trabajo muestra la aportación que el criminólogo hace desde la realidad española y de los resultados y las experiencias que se han tenido al respecto.

Assessment of the toxicity of sediment and seawater polluted by the Prestige fuel spill using bioassays with clams (Venerupis pullastra, Tappes decussatus and Venerupis rhomboideus) and the microalga Skeletonema costatum; Evaluacion de la toxicidad de sedimento y agua de mar contaminados por el vertido de fuel del Prestige, mediante el uso de bioensayos con las almejas Venerupis pullastra, Tappes decussatus y Venerupis rhomboideus y la microalga Skeletonema costatum

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Marino-Balsa, J.C.; Perez, P.; Estevez-Blanco, P.; Saco-Alvarez, L.; Fernandez, E.; Beiras, R. [Laboratorio de Ecologia Marina LEM, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Vigo, Galicia (Spain)

2003-03-15

In this study we present the early monitoring of the pollution caused by the accident of the Prestige tanker off the Galician coast. To evaluate the toxicity of sediment and water exposed to fuel, three kinds of bioassays were carried out using juvenile clams, clam embryos and microalgae. Firstly, the burrowing behavior of Venerupis pullastra and Tappes decussatus in the sediment collected from two beaches of similar characteristics but different pollution conditions, was studied over 24 h. No significant differences were observed between the two sediments. Secondly, embryogenesis success of Venerupis rhomboideus was recorded after incubation in seawater and elutriates obtained from affected areas. In this case, fuel-polluted seawater showed a marked inhibition of embryogenesis, while sediment elutriates showed moderate toxicity. Parallel bioassays with the diatom Skeletonema costatum were carried out using sediment elutriates and filtered seawater from the sampling sites. The response variable measured was the maximum quantum yield of photosynthesis ({phi}{sub p}o) using a Fast Repetition Rate Fluorometer (FRRF). In the first sampling, significant differences were found in the response of S. costatum cultured in the elutriates as compared to the control after 5 h exposure. The results corresponding to the second sampling showed statistically significant lower values of {phi}{sub p}o in the culture incubated in M2 water as compared with the control, indicating that the water-accommodated fraction of fuel at this site was the most toxic. [Spanish] En este estudio presentamos los primeros resultados obtenidos del control de la contaminacion producida por el accidente del petrolero Prestige en la costa de Galicia. Para evaluar la toxicidad del agua y el sedimento expuestos al fuel, se realizaron tres tipos de bioensayos: usando almejas juveniles, embriones de almeja y una microalga. En los primeros, se evaluo el comportamiento de enterramiento de Venerupis pullastra y

Through-vial impedance spectroscopy of the mechanisms of annealing in the freeze-drying of maltodextrin: the impact of annealing hold time and temperature on the primary drying rate.

Science.gov (United States)

Smith, Geoff; Arshad, Muhammad Sohail; Polygalov, Eugene; Ermolina, Irina

2014-06-01

The study aims to investigate the impact of annealing hold time and temperature on the primary drying rate/duration of a 10% (w/v) solution of maltodextrin with an emphasis on how the mechanisms of annealing might be understood from the in-vial measurements of the ice crystal growth and the glass transition. The electrical impedance of the solution within a modified glass vial was recorded between 10 and 10(6) Hz during freeze-drying cycles with varying annealing hold times (1-5 h) and temperatures. Primary drying times decreased by 7%, 27% and 34% (1.1, 4.3 and 5.5 h) with the inclusion of an annealing step at temperatures of -15°C, -10°C and -5°C, respectively. The glass transition was recorded at approximately -16°C during the re-heating and re-cooling steps, which is close to the glass transition (Tg ') reported for 10% (w/v) maltodextrin and therefore indicates that a maximum freeze concentration (∼86%, w/w, from the Gordon-Taylor equation) was achieved during first freezing, with no further ice being formed on annealing. This observation, coupled to the decrease in electrical resistance that was observed during the annealing hold time, suggests that the reduction in the drying time was because of improved connectivity of ice crystals because of Ostwald ripening rather than devitrification. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association.

La valoración monetaria de los costes humanos de la siniestralidad vial en España

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Jorge Eduardo Martínez Pérez

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Los análisis coste-beneficio en el ámbito de la seguridad vial han de computar la totalidad de los costes, y dentro de ellos ocupan un lugar clave los costes humanos. En esta nota se da cuenta de dos estudios promovidos por la Dirección General de Tráfico orientados a la obtención de valores oficiales para España de los costes asociados a las víctimas mortales y no mortales de los accidentes de tráfico. Mediante la combinación del enfoque de la valoración contingente con la técnica de la lotería estándar (modificada, y con muestras amplias (n1 = 2020, n2 = 2000 representativas de la población española, se estimó en 1,4 millones de euros el valor monetario de prevenir un fallecido por accidente de tráfico. Para las lesiones graves y leves, los valores estimados fueron de 219.000 y 6100 euros, respectivamente. Las cifras obtenidas tienen un orden de magnitud similar al de los países de nuestro entorno.

VALIDACIÓN DE LA METODOLOGÍA PARA LA DETERMINACIÓN DE SB, AS, CD, CU, CR, HG, NI, PB Y ZN EN SEDIMENTOS POR ICO-MS

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Hermógenes Rosas Rodríguez

2004-01-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se presentan los resultados obtenidos en la validación de la técnica ICP-MS utilizada para la determinación de nueve elementos en sedimentos: Sb, As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Hg, Ni, Pb y Zn. Para ello se llevó a cabo el estudio de los siguientes parámetros de fiabilidad: precisión, exactitud y límites de detección y cuantificación. Para el análisis de estos elementos se utilizó un ICP-MS ELAN 6000 de Perkin Elmer®. El estudio de los distintos parámetros de validación fue muy satisfactorio para la mayoría de los analitos, alcanzándose límites de detección y de cuantificación muy bajos (inferiores a 1microg/l e incluso de 1 ng/l para el Cd. El método ICP-MS es exacto y preciso, obteniéndose para la mayoría de los elementos coeficientes de variación en torno al 2% y porcentajes de recuperación del 100%.

Bioindicadores de la calidad del suelo: herramienta metodológica para la evaluación de la eficacia de un proceso fitorremediador

OpenAIRE

Garbisu Crespo, Carlos; Becerril Soto, José María; Epelde, Lur; Alkorta Calvo, Itziar

2007-01-01

La fitorremediación es una tecnología emergente que utiliza plantas y microorganismos asociados para descontaminar suelos, aire, sedimentos, y aguas. Esta fitotecnología se basa en la capacidad de algunas especies vegetales para tolerar, absorber, acumular y degradar compuestos contaminantes. El objetivo último de un proceso fitorremediador de suelos contaminados no debe ser solamente eliminar el contaminante sino sobre todo recuperar la calidad del suelo, entendida ésta como la capa...

Medición de microdeformaciones en losas viales usando sensores de redes de Braggen fibras ópticas Microdeformation measurement of concrete roadway slabs using fiber Bragg gratings

OpenAIRE

Francisco Javier Vélez Hoyos; Claudia Milena Serpa Imbet; Nelson Darío Gómez Cardona

2010-01-01

En este trabajo se presenta un método no invasivo para la medición de microdeformaciones en estructuras de concreto usando sensores de redes de Bragg en fibras ópticas adheridos a su superficie. Se realizan mediciones en losas viales de concreto bajo una carga estática de 10 kN, encontrándose una relación aproximada de 2 : 1 entre la deformación registrada por los sensores y los valores arrojados por una simulación computacional con el método de elementos finitos. Se propone el uso de estos s...

A simple bubbling system for measuring radon (222Rn) gas concentrations in water samples based on the high solubility of radon in olive oil.

Science.gov (United States)

Al-Azmi, D; Snopek, B; Sayed, A M; Domanski, T

2004-01-01

Based on the different levels of solubility of radon gas in organic solvents and water, a bubbling system has been developed to transfer radon gas, dissolving naturally in water samples, to an organic solvent, i.e. olive oil, which is known to be a good solvent of radon gas. The system features the application of a fixed volume of bubbling air by introducing a fixed volume of water into a flask mounted above the system, to displace an identical volume of air from an air cylinder. Thus a gravitational flow of water is provided without the need for pumping. Then, the flushing air (radon-enriched air) is directed through a vial containing olive oil, to achieve deposition of the radon gas by another bubbling process. Following this, the vial (containing olive oil) is measured by direct use of gamma ray spectrometry, without the need of any chemical or physical processing of the samples. Using a standard solution of 226Ra/222Rn, a lowest measurable concentration (LMC) of radon in water samples of 9.4 Bq L(-1) has been achieved (below the maximum contaminant level of 11 Bq L(-1)).

Efeitos das variações sazonais do clima tropical úmido sobre as águas e sedimentos de manguezais do estuário do rio Marapanim, costa nordeste do Estado do Pará Effects of seasonal variations' on the mangroves' waters and sediments of the Marapanim estuary, northeast coast of Para State

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José Francisco Berrêdo

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Para avaliar o impacto das variações climáticas, de curta duração, sobre os ecossistemas de manguezais amazônicos, foi estudada a costa nordeste do Pará entre as coordenadas: 00º 32' 30" S / 00º 52' 30" S e 47º 28' 45" W / 47º 45' 00" W. Foram amostrados os sedimentos, águas superficiais e intersticiais com medidas de salinidade, potencial hidrogeniônico (pH, potencial de oxi-redução (Eh e determinações mineralógicas por difração de raios X e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Na água foram determinados o conteúdo de sulfetos dissolvidos, sulfato e cloreto, além da alcalinidade, sílica, ortofosfato, sódio, potássio, cálcio e magnésio, em meses chuvosos e de estiagem, sob marés de sizígia e quadratura. As variações sazonais do cloreto nas águas intersticiais mostram concentrações mais elevadas na estiagem que no período chuvoso, enquanto em superfície são mais elevadas nas marés de quadratura (período chuvoso e de sizígia (período de estiagem. Os sulfetos dissolvidos foram encontrados em quantidades detectáveis somente a partir da profundidade de 10 cm o que indica exposição dos sedimentos aos fluxos advectivos de oxigênio atmosférico. Os teores de ferro dissolvido aumentam entre 0-10 cm e o potencial hidrogeniônico (pH tende à neutralidade. A saturação das águas intersticiais na estiagem é indicada pelos minerais evaporíticos: gipso e halita. As variações pluviométricas são responsáveis por graduais mudanças nos teores de nutrientes e nas propriedades físico-químicas (pH, Eh e salinidade das águas superficiais e intersticiais, no controle do equilíbrio salino das águas costeiras, na salinização e dessalinização dos sedimentos e na distribuição da vegetação de mangue no estuário. A exposição prolongada dos sedimentos na estiagem e as características morfológicas contribuem decisivamente para a oxidação total ou parcial dos sedimentos em superfície, o que modifica

Identification of pathogenic microorganisms directly from positive blood vials by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nonnemann, Bettina; Tvede, Michael; Bjarnsholt, Thomas

2013-01-01

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is a promising and fast method for identifying fungi and bacteria directly from positive blood cultures. Various pre-treatment methods for MALDI-TOF MS identification have been reported for this purpose. In......-house results for identification of bacterial colonies by MALDI-TOF MS using a cut-off score of 1.5 did not reduce the diagnostic accuracy compared with the recommended cut-off score of 1.8. A 3-month consecutive study of positive blood cultures was carried out in our laboratory to evaluate whether...... the Sepsityper™ Kit (Bruker Daltonics) with Biotyper 2.0 software could be used as a fast diagnostic tool for bacteria and fungi and whether a 1.5 cut-off score could improve species identification compared with the recommended score of 1.8. Two hundred and fifty-six positive blood vials from 210 patients and 19...

Identificação das áreas potenciais de produção de sedimentos com o modelo AGNPS e técnicas de SIG em uma microbacia hidrográfica Identification of the potential areas of sediment production with the AGNPS model and GIS techniques in a micro-basin

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adriano Rausch Souto

2000-12-01

Full Text Available O planejamento de uso do solo em bacias hidrográficas deveria ter, como base, a identificação de áreas agrícolas suscetíveis aos processos erosivos, visto que a avaliação de sistemas integrados de manejo de solo e culturas em microbacias é campo ideal para esta investigação, uma vez que a qualidade final das águas dos rios é o reflexo das atividades ali desenvolvidas. Objetivou-se determinar áreas potenciais de poluição não pontual e avaliar práticas conservacionistas de solo, empregando-se o modelo matemático AGNPS, associado a técnicas de SIG. O estudo foi conduzido na microbacia hidrográfica córrego Água Grande e Ribeirão Pensamento, no município de Mamborê, PR, sobre as reais condições de produção agrícola. A estimativa da produção de sedimentos foi realizada através de simulações para diferentes cenários de uso do solo, referindo-se a distintos eventos de precipitação em uma seqüência de quatro anos agrícolas. Foram identificadas as causas de produção de sedimentos e as áreas potenciais, verificando-se que a modificação das técnicas de cultivo reduziu a produção de sedimentos.Planning soil use in watersheds should be supported by the identification of agricultural areas susceptible to erosion. The evaluation of integrated systems of soil and crop management is a proper subject for this investigation since the final water quality of rivers is a reflection of the activities developed in the micro-basin. The objective of this study was to determine potential sources of nonpoint pollution and to evaluate soil conservation practices through the AGNPS model associated with GIS techniques. The study location was the Água Grande and Pensamento micro-basin in Mamborê, Paraná State, under real agricultural production. The sediment production estimation was accomplished through simulations for different scenarios of soil use and different precipitation events in a sequence of four agricultural years

SEDIMENTOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND DATING OF POSTBARREIRAS SEDIMENTS FROM REGION THE COASTLINE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cristiano Marcelo Pereira de Souza

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Aunque hay algunas obras de los años 80, poco se sabe sobre el origen y los mecanismos de los depósitos de sedimentos la formación Barreiras. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar los parámetros sedimentológico, morfología de los granos y la datación de sedimentos. Se recogieron muestras de sedimentos Pós-Barreiras y sedimentos de la playa, en el que se sometieron a la dispersión de arcilla y limo, utilizando NaOH 0,1 mol L-1 ; la fracción de arena se separó a intervalos de 1/2 phi [ ] y la morfología del grano se analizó por medio de microscopio óptico. Utilizó la datación de muestras por el método de luminiscencia óptica- mente estimulada. Los resultados indican que los sedimentos Pós-Barreiras fueron depositados en ambiente de alta energía, presumiblemente por el aumento de la contribución de los procesos marinos con posible reelaboración viento. Los sedimentos de la playa delanteros mostraron características eólicas. Las edades determinaron que la deposición de los sedimentos Pós-Barreiras fue a finales del Pleistoceno al Holoceno (de 6.9 a el 85,4 ka. La posición latitudinal de los sedimentos Pós-Barreiras (40 a 150 m no se puede asociar con cualquier aumento del nivel del mar conocido, posiblemente, la que aparece que procesos neotectónicos han promovido la elevación.

Palinomorfos de fungos e criptógamas em sedimentos quaternários de duas matas com Araucária, Planalto leste do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil Palynomorphs of fungi and cryptogams in Quaternary sediments from two Araucaria forests, Eastern Plateau of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Caroline Scherer

2008-03-01

Full Text Available Pólen, esporos e demais palinomorfos preservados em sedimentos são material de referência básico em estudos paleoambientais. A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo apresentar a taxonomia de palinomorfos correspondentes a fungos e criptógamas contidos em sedimentos do interior de duas matas com Araucária do Planalto leste do Rio Grande do Sul e, assim, fornecer subsídios para reconstituições paleoambientais na região. A análise envolveu amostras de dois perfis sedimentares holocênicos de São Francisco de Paula (perfil 1, Alpes de São Francisco, 132 cm; perfil 2, Banhado Amarelo, 101 cm, coletados com o Amostrador de Hiller. O processamento químico das amostras seguiu o método padrão, com HCl, HF, KOH, acetólise e montagem das lâminas em gelatina-glicerinada. A análise foi realizada em microscopia óptica. São apresentados palinomorfos de oito fungos, seis algas, cinco briófitos e 19 pteridófitos. A descrição de cada material é acompanhada de ilustrações e, sempre que possível, de dados ecológicos do organismo de origem. A grande quantidade de palinomorfos distintos, bem preservados nos sedimentos, mostra a potencialidade deste material em oferecer informações ambientais relevantes, junto com grãos de pólen, no estudo da gênese e expansão da mata com Araucária.Pollen, spores and other palynomorphs preserved in sediments are basic reference material for palaeoenvironmental studies. The aim of this research is to present the taxonomy of fungal and cryptogamic palynomorphs contained in sediments from two Araucaria forests on the Eastern Plateau of Rio Grande do Sul, thus contributing to palaeoenvironmental reconstitution in the region. The analysis involved samples from two Holocene sedimentary profiles from São Francisco de Paula (profile 1, Alpes de São Francisco, 132 cm; profile 2, Banhado Amarelo, 101 cm, collected with a Hiller Sampler. Chemical processing of the samples followed standard methodology, using

In-Vial Micro-Matrix-Solid Phase Dispersion for the Analysis of Fragrance Allergens, Preservatives, Plasticizers, and Musks in Cosmetics

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Celeiro

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Fragrance allergens, preservatives, plasticizers, and synthetic musks are usually present in cosmetic and personal care products formulations and many of them are subjected to use restrictions or labeling requirements. Matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD is a very suitable analytical technique for the extraction of these compounds providing a simple, low cost sample preparation, and the possibility of performing both extraction and clean-up in one step, reducing possible contamination and analyte losses. This extraction technique has been successfully applied to many cosmetics ingredients allowing obtaining quantitative recoveries. A new very simple micro-MSPD procedure performing the disruption step in a vial is proposed for the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS analysis of 66 chemicals usually present in cosmetics and personal care products. The method was validated showing general recoveries between 80% and 110%, relative standard deviation (RSD values lower than 15%, and limits of detection (LODs below 30 ng·g−1. The validated method was applied to a broad range of cosmetics and personal care products, including several products intended for baby care.

Lipídios em sedimentos arqueológicos: resultados preliminares do sítio arqueológico Rio do Meio, Ilha de Santa Catarina (SC Lipids in archaeological sediments: preliminary results of the archaeological site Rio do Meio, Santa Catarina Island (SC, Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fabrício Augusto Hansel

2008-02-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a distribuição de lipídios em sedimentos arqueológicos do sítio Rio do Meio, Ilha de Santa Catarina. Nos extratos totais de lipídios, analisados por cromatografia gasosa e espectrometria de massas (CG e CG-EM, predominaram os compostos ácidos e álcoois saturados. Foram detectados pelo menos dois tipos de matéria orgânica: uma antiga e outra comparativamente recente. Na primeira, o extrato total de lipídios foi dominado por ácidos graxos de cadeias curtas ( Ac20:0 e Al20:0. Em contraste, na deposição classificada como recente, foram identificados em maiores teores os ácidos e álcoois de cadeias longas (> Ac20:0 e Al20:0. Neste estudo, foi possível observar a incorporação de material orgânico procedente de fontes de origem vegetal, bacteriana e, possivelmente, animal (gorduras nos sedimentos arqueológicos analisados.In this study the distribution of lipid compounds was evaluated in sediment samples of an archaeological site Rio do Meio, Santa Catarina Island, Brazil. In the total lipid extracts, analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC and GC-MS, saturated fatty acids and alcohols were predominant. At least two sources of organic matter were detected, an older and a more recent one. In the old deposit, the most abundant lipids were short-chain fatty acids ( Ac20:0 and Al20:0. In contrast, the fresh deposit was dominated by long-chain fatty acids and alcohols (> Ac20:0 and Al20:0. This paper described the incorporation of vegetal, bacterial and possible animal (fat sources into the archaeological sediments analyzed.

Bioindicadores de la calidad del suelo: herramienta metodológica para la evaluación de la eficacia de un proceso fitorremediador

OpenAIRE

C. Garbisu; J.M. Becerril; L. Epelde; I. Alkorta

2007-01-01

La fitorremediación es una tecnología emergente que utiliza plantas y microorganismos asociados para descontaminar suelos, aire, sedimentos, y aguas. Esta fitotecnología se basa en la capacidad de algunas especies vegetales para tolerar, absorber, acumular y degradar compuestos contaminantes. El objetivo último de un proceso fitorremediador de suelos contaminados no debe ser solamente eliminar el contaminante sino sobre todo recuperar la calidad del suelo, entendida ésta como la capacidad de ...

Modelos de Relaciones Públicas y gestión de la comunicación de instituciones que trabajan en prevención de drogodependencias y seguridad vial en España

OpenAIRE

Paricio Esteban, Pilar; Sanfeliu Aguilar, Pilar; Femenía, Sandra; López-Trigo, María; Puchalt, María

2017-01-01

En España, las sustancias adictivas están presentes en casi uno de cada dos fallecidos en accidentes de tráfico. Diversas instituciones realizan estrategias donde la comunicación es una potente herramienta para situar el problema en la agenda pública. La investigación analiza la gestión de  la comunicación y relaciones públicas de dichas organizaciones para prevenir el consumo de drogas en materia de seguridad vial. La metodología aplicada son entrevistas semiestructuradas y análisis d...

Valoración de los síntomas psicosomáticos relacionados con el estrés en las Academias de Formación Vial de la provincia de Alicante

OpenAIRE

Cerdá Bañón, María Salud

2017-01-01

Se ha querido valorar el estrés en los aspectos fisiológicos que se genera en el profesor de Formación Vial, debido a que al desarrollar su trabajo necesariamente tiene un intercambio de información simultaneo con el medio, con el alumno, incluyendo variables internas compuesta por factores psicobiológicos, cognoscitivos y afectivos. El profesor debe interactuar con todos estos factores a la hora de ejercer su enseñanza con el alumno en la clase de práctica, y al mismo tiempo necesita estar e...

Criterios de cuantificación indemnizatoria en accidentalidad vial: una ítica judicial

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcela Pantoja Echeverri

2010-12-01

Full Text Available La accidentalidad vial, es la segunda causa de muerte violenta en Colombia, fuente de daños materiales y morales en las personas. Las normas de responsabilidad civil obligan al propietario o conductor a responder civil y penalmente por sus consecuencias. El problema de accidentalidad y de la cuantificación de indemnizaciones, reviste gran interés por el alto número de procesos que por homicidios en accidentes de tránsito cursan en el Distrito Judicial de Cali. En la investigación realizada en la Escuela de Ingeniería Estadística de la Universidad del Valle, se efectuó recolección de expedientes y se aplicó una encuesta de tipo cuestionario para indagar sobre la política judicial que se usó en el cálculo de indemnizaciones en Juzgados Penales del Circuito de Cali, donde se observa gran disparidad en los criterios de reparación. Tampoco se contempla un modelo estándar para cuantificar los perjuicios tanto materiales como morales y no hay evidencia de una política baremada; por tanto, el estudio intenta brindar un marco de referencia para proponer a Jueces y Fiscales, un modelo de regresión múltiple en el cual se consideran características socioeconómicas de víctimas, perjudicados y procesados, con el fin de unificar criterios de cuantificación que fijen el monto de la reparación económica a los perjudicados, sus herederos. El modelo resultante propone criterios utilizados por las compañías de seguros para fijar las primas de seguro de vida, tales como: el tiempo de vida y el nivel de ingresos del occiso, y responsabilidades con su grupo familiar.

Antifouling potential of seaweed, sponge and cashew nut oil extracts ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

SAM

2014-07-02

Jul 2, 2014 ... nut oil extracts against biofilm bacteria and green mussel Perna ... prevent photo and thermal degradation during the transport to the laboratory. ... 40°C. The resultant extractives were collected in air-tight plastic vials and ...

Levels and distribution of pesticide residues in soil and sediments in ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The concentrations of. DDT residues were greater in soil samples than in sediments. ... biodegradable and less persistent in the environment .... column containing a 0.45 µm filter into a vial ..... in the air around the Taihu Lake, China. Environ.

An analytical method for trifluoroacetic Acid in water and air samples using headspace gas chromatographic determination of the methyl ester.

Science.gov (United States)

Zehavi, D; Seiber, J N

1996-10-01

An analytical method has been developed for the determination of trace levels of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), an atmospheric breakdown product of several of the hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) and hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) replacements for the chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) refrigerants, in water and air. TFA is derivatized to the volatile methyl trifluoroacetate (MTFA) and determined by automated headspace gas chromatography (HSGC) with electron-capture detection or manual HSGC using GC/MS in the selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The method is based on the reaction of an aqueous sample containing TFA with dimethyl sulfate (DMS) in concentrated sulfuric acid in a sealed headspace vial under conditions favoring distribution of MTFA to the vapor phase. Water samples are prepared by evaporative concentration, during which TFA is retained as the anion, followed by extraction with diethyl ether of the acidified sample and then back-extraction of TFA (as the anion) in aqueous bicarbonate solution. The extraction step is required for samples with a relatively high background of other salts and organic materials. Air samples are collected in sodium bicarbonate-glycerin-coated glass denuder tubes and prepared by rinsing the denuder contents with water to form an aqueous sample for derivatization and analysis. Recoveries of TFA from spiked water, with and without evaporative concentration, and from spiked air were quantitative, with estimated detection limits of 10 ng/mL (unconcentrated) and 25 pg/mL (concentrated 250 mL:1 mL) for water and 1 ng/m(3) (72 h at 5 L/min) for air. Several environmental air, fogwater, rainwater, and surface water samples were successfully analyzed; many showed the presence of TFA.

Medición de la concentración de sedimentos en suspensión mediante dispositivos ópticos y acústicos: aplicación en sistemas tropicales (Delta del río Mira, Colombia) Measurement of suspended sediment concentration using optical and acoustic devices: application in tropical systems (Mira River Delta, Colombia)

OpenAIRE

Juan Camilo Restrepo; Jorge Omar Pierini

2012-01-01

En los últimos años, la utilización de dispositivos ópticos (e.g. Optical Backscatter Sensor, OBS) y acústicos (e.g. Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler-ADCP) ha permitido monitorear con mayor resolución la variabilidad temporal y espacial de la concentración de sedimentos en suspensión (CSS) en ambientes costeros y estuarinos. Sin embargo, la aplicación de estas técnicas en ambientes tropicales ha tenido un desarrollo incipiente. En el presente trabajo se implementó un procedimiento de calibra...

Mass extraction container closure integrity physical testing method development for parenteral container closure systems.

Science.gov (United States)

Yoon, Seung-Yil; Sagi, Hemi; Goldhammer, Craig; Li, Lei

2012-01-01

Container closure integrity (CCI) is a critical factor to ensure that product sterility is maintained over its entire shelf life. Assuring the CCI during container closure (C/C) system qualification, routine manufacturing and stability is important. FDA guidance also encourages industry to develop a CCI physical testing method in lieu of sterility testing in a stability program. A mass extraction system has been developed to check CCI for a variety of container closure systems such as vials, syringes, and cartridges. Various types of defects (e.g., glass micropipette, laser drill, wire) were created and used to demonstrate a detection limit. Leakage, detected as mass flow in this study, changes as a function of defect length and diameter. Therefore, the morphology of defects has been examined in detail with fluid theories. This study demonstrated that a mass extraction system was able to distinguish between intact samples and samples with 2 μm defects reliably when the defect was exposed to air, water, placebo, or drug product (3 mg/mL concentration) solution. Also, it has been verified that the method was robust, and capable of determining the acceptance limit using 3σ for syringes and 6σ for vials. Sterile products must maintain their sterility over their entire shelf life. Container closure systems such as those found in syringes and vials provide a seal between rubber and glass containers. This seal must be ensured to maintain product sterility. A mass extraction system has been developed to check container closure integrity for a variety of container closure systems such as vials, syringes, and cartridges. In order to demonstrate the method's capability, various types of defects (e.g., glass micropipette, laser drill, wire) were created in syringes and vials and were tested. This study demonstrated that a mass extraction system was able to distinguish between intact samples and samples with 2 μm defects reliably when the defect was exposed to air, water

PCB concentrations in sediments from the Gulf of Nicoya estuary, Pacific coast of Costa Rica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alison L Spongberg

2004-12-01

Full Text Available Thirty-one sediment samples collected from 1996-2003 from the Gulf of Nicoya estuary on the north- western coast of Costa Rica, have been obtained for PCB analyses. This is part of the first study to evaluate the PCB contamination in coastal Costa Rica.Overall, the concentrations are low, especially when compared to sediments from more temperate climates and/or sediments from more heavily industrialized areas. Values average less than 3 ng/g dw sediment, however, a few samples contained up to 7 ng/g dw sediment. Sediments with the highest concentrations were located in the Punta Morales area, where muds were sampled from among mangrove roots. The Puntarenas samples had surprisingly low PCB concentrations, likely due to their sandy lithology. The congener distribution within the majority of the samples showed signs of either recent sources or lack of degradation. However, a few sites, specifically some of the inter-gulf islands and more remote samples had congener distributions indicative of airborne contaminants and/or degradation. Considering the presence of air-borne PCBs in the Gulf of Papagayo to the north, the lack of airborne PCBs and more varied congener distribution in the Gulf of Nicoya estuary was surprisingSe analizó los bifenilos policlorados (PCB en 31 muestras de sedimentos colectadas entre 1996 -2003 en el estuario del Golfo de Nicoya, costa noroeste de Costa Rica. Esto es parte de un primer estudio para evaluar la contaminación por PCB en aguas costeras de Costa Rica. En general, las concentraciones fueron bajas especialmente cuando se les compara con sedimentos de climas templados y / o sedimentos de areas altamente industrializadas. Los valores promedio son inferiores a 3 ng / dw (peso seco de sedimento. Sin embargo, unas pocas muestras contienen hasta 7 ng/ g dw de sedimento. Los sedimentos con las concentraciones más altas están localizados en el area de Punta Morales, en cienos de entre raíces de mangle. Las

Shell-vial culture and real-time PCR applied to Rickettsia typhi and Rickettsia felis detection.

Science.gov (United States)

Segura, Ferran; Pons, Immaculada; Pla, Júlia; Nogueras, María-Mercedes

2015-11-01

Murine typhus is a zoonosis transmitted by fleas, whose etiological agent is Rickettsia typhi. Rickettsia felis infection can produces similar symptoms. Both are intracellular microorganisms. Therefore, their diagnosis is difficult and their infections can be misdiagnosed. Early diagnosis prevents severity and inappropriate treatment regimens. Serology can't be applied during the early stages of infection because it requires seroconversion. Shell-vial (SV) culture assay is a powerful tool to detect Rickettsia. The aim of the study was to optimize SV using a real-time PCR as monitoring method. Moreover, the study analyzes which antibiotics are useful to isolate these microorganisms from fleas avoiding contamination by other bacteria. For the first purpose, SVs were inoculated with each microorganism. They were incubated at different temperatures and monitored by real-time PCR and classical methods (Gimenez staining and indirect immunofluorescence assay). R. typhi grew at all temperatures. R. felis grew at 28 and 32 °C. Real-time PCR was more sensitive than classical methods and it detected microorganisms much earlier. Besides, the assay sensitivity was improved by increasing the number of SV. For the second purpose, microorganisms and fleas were incubated and monitored in different concentrations of antibiotics. Gentamicin, sufamethoxazole, trimethoprim were useful for R. typhi isolation. Gentamicin, streptomycin, penicillin, and amphotericin B were useful for R. felis isolation. Finally, the optimized conditions were used to isolate R. felis from fleas collected at a veterinary clinic. R. felis was isolated at 28 and 32 °C. However, successful establishment of cultures were not possible probably due to sub-optimal conditions of samples.

Radium activity measurements in bottled mineral water

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kappke, Jaqueline; Paschuk, Sergei A.; Correa, Janine N.; Denyak, Valeriy; Reque, Marilson; Rocha, Paschuk; Rocha, Zildete; Santos, Talita O.

2011-01-01

This work presents the preliminary results of 226 Ra activity measurements of fifteen samples of bottled mineral water acquired at markets of Curitiba-PR, Brazil. The measurements were performed at the Laboratory of Applied Nuclear Physics of the Federal University of Technology - Parana (UTFPR) in collaboration with the Center of Nuclear Technology Development of Brazilian Nuclear Energy Committee (CNEN). The experimental setup was based on the electronic radon detector RAD7 (Durridge Company, Inc.). The measurements were carried out with a special kit of accessory vessels (vials) RAD7 H 2 O, which allows one to identify the 222 Rn activity concentration in small water samples of 40 mL and 250 mL in the range going from less than 30 pCi/L to greater than 10 5 pCi/L. During each measurement a vial from RAD H 2 O was poured with a sample of water. The air pump, included in the close loop aeration circuit and connected to the vial and RAD7 detector, operated for five minutes to snatch the sample of air maintained above the level of water sample and transporting it from the vial through the system. Evaluation of the concentration of soluble radium ( 226 Ra) salts in water and their activity was performed after 30 days when 222 Rn in the water samples reached secular equilibrium. The background measurements were performed using the samples of the distilled water. Considering the importance of background measurements, it was found that the value suggested by user Manual protocol (RAD7) for the case of low activity radon measurements, has to be slightly modified. (author)

Effect of sediment composition on methane concentration and production in the transition zone of a mangrove (Sepetiba Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Efeito da composição do sedimento sobre a concentração e a produção do metano na zona de transição de um mangue tropical, na Baía de Sepetiba-RJ, Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

CC. Marinho

2012-08-01

Full Text Available The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of sediment composition on methane (CH4 dynamics in sediments of different areas in the transition zone between a mangrove and the sea. This research was conducted in a mangrove at Coroa Grande, on the southern coast of Rio de Janeiro. Samples were collected at three stations: (1 region colonised by Rhizophora mangle L. on the edge of the mangrove, (2 region colonised by seagrasses and (3 infra-littoral region without vegetation. Samples were collected from the surface layer of the sediment to determine the concentrations of nutrients (C, N and P and CH4 concentration and production. We observed that concentrations of CH4 and carbon (C were significantly higher (p O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a dinâmica do metano (CH4 no sedimento em diferentes áreas na região de transição entre a borda do manguezal e o mar, em função da composição do sedimento. A pesquisa foi realizada no Manguezal de Coroa Grande, no litoral sul do Estado do Rio de janeiro. Foram coletadas amostras em três estações: (1 região colonizada por Rhizophora mangle L. na borda do mangue, (2 região colonizada por macrófitas, e (3 região sem vegetação, permanentemente inundada pelo mar. Foram coletadas amostras da fração superficial do sedimento para determinação da concentração de nutrientes (C, N e P, e da concentração e da produção de CH4. Foi observado que as concentrações de CH4 e carbono (C foram significativamente maiores (p < 0,05 na estação 1, em relação à estação 3. Com relação às razões molares (C:N, C:P e N:P, estas indicam que a origem da composição do substrato é principalmente autóctone. Quanto à metanogênese, foram observados, inicialmente, baixos valores de CH4 produzido, indicando provável competição entre metanogênicos e sulfatorredutores. Seguiu-se, então, um significativo aumento (p < 0,05 da metanogênese no 26º dia, no sedimento da estação 1

Solid-state chemiluminescence assay for ultrasensitive detection of antimony using on-vial immobilization of CdSe quantum dots combined with liquid–liquid–liquid microextraction

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Costas-Mora, Isabel; Romero, Vanesa; Lavilla, Isela; Bendicho, Carlos, E-mail: bendicho@uvigo.es

2013-07-25

Graphical abstract: -- Highlights: •Solid-state chemiluminescence based on CdSe QDs was developed. •QDs immobilization in a vial was achieved in a simple and fast way. •Antimony detection was achieved by inhibition of the CdSe QDs/H{sub 2}O{sub 2} CL reaction. •LLLME allowed improving the selectivity and sensitivity of the CL assay. •The capping ligand played a critical role in the selectivity of the CL system. -- Abstract: On-vial immobilized CdSe quantum dots (QDs) are applied for the first time as chemiluminescent probes for the detection of trace metal ions. Among 17 metal ions tested, inhibition of the chemiluminescence when CdSe QDs are oxidized by H{sub 2}O{sub 2} was observed for Sb, Se and Cu. Liquid–liquid–liquid microextraction was implemented in order to improve the selectivity and sensitivity of the chemiluminescent assay. Factors influencing both the CdSe QDs/H{sub 2}O{sub 2} chemiluminescent system and microextraction process were optimized for ultrasensitive detection of Sb(III) and total Sb. In order to investigate the mechanism by which Sb ions inhibit the chemiluminescence of the CdSe QDs/H{sub 2}O{sub 2} system, atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV–vis absorption and fluorescence measurements were performed. The selection of the appropriate CdSe QDs capping ligand was found to be a critical issue. Immobilization of QDs caused the chemiluminescence signal to be enhanced by a factor of 100 as compared to experiments carried out with QDs dispersed in the bulk aqueous phase. Under optimized conditions, the detection limit was 6 ng L{sup −1} Sb and the repeatability expressed as relative standard deviation (N = 7) was about 1.3%. An enrichment factor of 95 was achieved within only 3 min of microextraction. Several water samples including drinking, spring, and river waters were analyzed. The proposed method was validated against CRM NWTM-27.2 fortified lake water, and a recovery study was

Geomorfologia, cobertura sedimentar e transporte de sedimentos na plataforma continental interna entre a Ponta de Saquarema e o Cabo Frio (RJ Geomorphology, sediment distribution and transpon on the inner continental shelf between Ponta de Saquarema and Cabo Frio (RJ

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Dieter Muehe

1993-01-01

Full Text Available A plataforma continental interna defronte à restinga da Massambaba - um sistema de duplos cordões litorâneos localizados entre Saquarema e Arraial do Cabo, com 48 km de extensão - apresenta topografia regular, interrompida por raros afloramentos de rochas do embasamento cristalino e por ocorrências localizadas de arenitos de praia. Um amplo afloramento destes últimos ocorre na faixa batimétrica de 48 a 60 m, correspondendo à posição da linha de costa cerca de 10.000 anos atrás. Outro afloramento de arenitos de praia, de reduzida dimensão, ocorre próximo ao perfil S-4, à distância de 50 m da face da praia, em profundidade de 4 m. A cobertura sedimentar, sem aporte significativo de sedimentos terrígenos, é constituída predominantemente por areias quartzosas reliquiares. O gradiente batimétrico apresenta declividade elevada, atípica para uma plataforma passiva, atingindo o limite distai da plataforma continental interna, a isobatimétrica de 60 m, a uma distância da ordem de 4 milhas náuticas da linha de praia. O padrão de distribuição granulométrico apresenta gradientes de decréscimo em direção a leste, isto é, em direção ao Cabo Frio, e em direção a maiores profundidades. A diminuição do tamanho granulométrico em direção ao Cabo Frio é atribuída como sendo resultado do aporte de sedimentos terrígenos através de um sistema de drenagem pleistocênico, interrompido pela construção do cordão litorâneo mais interiorizado, e à remobilização dos sedimentos por ação de ondas e correntes com transporte residual em direção a leste.The inner continental shelf in front of the Massambaba beach, an East-West striking, 48 km long, double barrier beach, located between the towns of Saquarema and Arraial do Cabo presents a monotonous topography with only few outcrops of crystaline rocks, patches of beach rocks and a sediment cover of mainly relict quartz sand. The topographic gradient, steeper as expected for

Knowledge assessment regarding poliomyelitis among the caregivers of children who received oral polio vaccine reveals lack of awareness of the vaccine vial monitor (VVM): Implications extending beyond polio eradication.

Science.gov (United States)

Bhilwar, Meenakshi; Lal, Panna

2017-07-01

Vaccine vial monitor (VVM) is now commonly used for vaccines that are included in the National Immunization Schedule in India. It helps to indicate the viability of the vaccine and of the proper functioning of the cold chain. This is useful as it prevents health personnel from administering damaged vaccine. Studies have shown a lack of awareness of health workers regarding the use and interpretation of a VVM. The current study, undertaken among the caregivers of children who were immunized, showed that this lack of information about the VVM also exists among the caregivers. This deficiency in knowledge, both in the health workers and the caregivers, can affect the health of the child and needs urgent attention.

Determination of milling parameters to obtain mechanosynthesized ZnFe2O4

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jean, Malick; Nachbaur, Virginie

2008-01-01

In this work, the mechanosynthesis of zinc ferrite in WC vials is studied. Millings are performed under air, with a planetary ball-milling, starting from elemental oxides α-Fe 2 O 3 and ZnO. As-milled powders are structurally and magnetically characterized by X-ray diffraction and Moessbauer spectroscopy. Milling parameters as rotational speeds of main disc and vials are particularly discussed in terms of influence on the obtaining of a pure zinc ferrite phase. These parameters have a strong influence on injected power, on radial and tangential components of the impact force. Friction phenomenon, associated with injected power, have been found to be the governing parameters of the end product

Sedimentología química de los sedimentos miocenos con diatomeas de la Cuenca del Guadalquivir

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López García, M. J.

1995-12-01

ísticas composicionales y sedimentológicas en 24 afloramientos de sedimentos miocenos con diatomeas de la Cuenca del Guadalquivir. En función de las biozonas de diatomeas, se consideran tres episodios de sedimentación diatomítica (Inferior, Medio y Superior que reflejan un medio de sedimentación de alta productividad biogénica ocasionada por corrientes ascensionales costeras («coastal upwelling». Los grandes márgenes de variación de los tres óxidos más importantes SiO2 (12,1878,00, CaO (1,60-43,73 y Al2O3 (2,76-10,32 definen la gran variación que presentan los tres componentes mayoritarios de estos sedimentos: Opalo A, calcita y minerales de la arcilla-terrígenos. A través de cálculos normativos en función de la composición mineralógica de las muestras y de los análisis de difracción de RX, se ha definido el porcentaje de sílice biogénica. El estudio de los máximos y mínimos de sílice biogénica ha puesto de manifiesto su relación con tipos dominantes de diatomeas, la estructura de la roca y la posición geográfica dentro de la Cuenca. La proyección de las muestras en los diagramas triangulares SiO2 biogénica- Al2O3-CaO ha revelado que el Episodio Superior es el que manifiesta mayor proporción relativa de Al2O3 (arcillas-componentes terrígenos. Los diagramas SiO2 biogénicalCaO versus Al2O3 han demostrado que existe frecuentemente una asociación preferente entre el plancton calcáreo y los minerales de arcilla-terrígenos. La proyección de las muestras en el diagrama Fe2O3/TiO2 versus Al2O3/ Al2O3+FeO, junto con la pendiente de la recta de regresión Fe (y - Al (x indican que todas las series se pueden considerar de plataforma continental existiendo zonas con mayor o menor influencia del continente. La relación MnO/ Al2O3, se ha utilizado para medir la tasa sedimentación; los valores obtenidos (entre 1,7 y 180 mm/103 años concuerdan con los hallados en otras zonas de corrientes ascensionales costeras, encontrándose diferencias en función de las

Determination of moisture content in lyophilized mannitol through intact glass vials using NIR micro-spectrometers

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Cristian Rodrigo Muzzio

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Determination of moisture content in lyophilized solids is fundamental to predict quality and stability of freeze-dried products, but conventional methods are time-consuming, invasive and destructive. The aim of this study was to develop and optimize a fast, inexpensive, noninvasive and nondestructive method for determination of moisture content in lyophilized mannitol, based on an NIR micro-spectrometer instead of a conventional NIR spectrometer. Measurements of lyophilized mannitol were performed through the bottom of rotating glass vials by means of a reflectance probe. The root mean standard error of prediction (RMSEP and the correlation coefficient (R²pred, yielded by the pre-treatments and calibration method proposed, was 0.233% (w/w and 0.994, respectively.A determinação do conteúdo de umidade em sólidos liofilizados é fundamental para se prever a qualidade e a estabilidade de produtos liofilizados, mas os métodos convencionais consomem muito tempo, são invasivos e destrutivos. O objetivo desse estudo foi desenvolver e otimizar um método rápido, econômico, não invasivo e não destrutivo para a determinação do conteúdo de umidade em manitol liofilizado, com base em microespectrômetro de infravermelho próximo ao invés de um espectrômetro de infravermelho próximo convencional. As medidas de manitol liofilizado foram realizadas através do fundo de recipiente de vidro em rotação por meio de sonda de reflectância. A raíz do erro médio padrão de predição (RMSEP e o coeficiente de correlação (R²pred obtidos pelo prétratamento e pelo método de calibração proposto foram, respectivamente, 0,233% (p/p e 0,994.

Textura, materia orgánica y composición química elemental (C y N de sedimentos marinos superficiales de la zona Puerto Montt a Boca del Guafo (Norpatagonia chilena Grain size, total organic matter, organic carbon, inorganic carbon and organic nitrogen in surface marine sediments from Puerto Montt to Boca del Guafo (Chilean North Patagonia

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Nelson Silva

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Se determinó la distribución horizontal de la textura, concentración de materia orgánica, carbono orgánico e inorgánico y nitrógeno orgánico, del sedimento en muestras superficiales, recolectadas entre Puerto Montt y Boca del Guafo, durante los cruceros CIMAR 10 Fiordos (2004, CIMAR 11 Fiordos (2005 y CIMAR 12 Fiordos (2006. La distribución superficial de las características químicas permitió identificar dos zonas: una norte, entre Puerto Montt y el grupo de islas Desertores-Apiao-Quehui-Lemuy con concentraciones, que en general fueron altas (MOT > 5%, C-org > 1,6%, C-inorg >0,4% y N-org > 0,2%, y una sur, entre dicho grupo de islas y la Boca del Guafo con concentraciones, en general, bajas (MOT 7,5%, C-org >2,4%, C-inorg >0,4% y N-org >0,2%. La textura de las muestras marinas fue arenosa y limo-arcillosa, siendo la presencia de grava escasa e inferior al 4% en algunas muestras. El sedimento terrígeno del borde de los ríos fue preferentemente arenoso. La procedencia del sedimento (marino versus terrígeno se infirió sobre la base de los valores de la relación C:N. Este resultó ser, mayoritariamente de origen marino, con la excepción de los fiordos continentales en que la componente terrígena fue importante.The horizontal distribution of the organic matter, organic and inorganic carbon, organic nitrogen content, and surface sediment texture was determined between Puerto Montt and Boca del Guafo using samples collected during the cruises CIMAR 10 Fiordos (2004, CIMAR 11 Fiordos (2005 and CIMAR 12 Fiordos (2006. Two zones were identified: the northern zone (from Puerto Montt to the Desertores-Apiao-Quehui-Lemuy island group had mostly high concentrations (TOM >5%; C-org >1.6%; C-inorg >0.4% and N-org > 0.2% the southern zone (from the same island group to Boca del Guafo had mostly low concentrations (TOM 7.5%, C-org > 2.4%, C-inorg > 0.4% and N-org > 0.2%. The texture of the marine sediments was mostly sand and silt + clay

Dinámica y Evolución de las Barreras Medanosas, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Frederico I. Isla

2001-12-01

Full Text Available Las barreras medanosas Oriental y Austral de Buenos Aires se originaron como consecuencia de la fluctuación holocena del nivel del mar que dejó abundante sedimento litoral que migró hacia el interior. De acuerdo a dataciones radiocarbónicas de materiales obtenidos por debajo de los niveles medanosos se reconocen 3 ciclos de generación de médanos costeros. El primero se originó con posterioridad a la colmatación de ambientes estuarinos (estuarios, laguna costeras, lagunas estuarinas, marismas aproximadamente hace 6000-4000 años AP dependiendo de la disponibilidad de arena y profundidad del ambiente estuarino. El segundo ciclo de formación de médanos costeros corresponde a una regeneración que se dio entre 3500 y 2400 años AP en ambas barreras. El tercer ciclo es más moderno y corresponde a una reactivación que tuvo lugar entre 1600 y 500 años AP. Estos ciclos son aproximadamente coincidentes con otros que tuvieron lugar en el Hemisferio Sur (Sudáfrica, Nueva Zelandia y Australia. Actualmente, la dinámica de la barreras está siendo significativamente alterada localmente con la fijación, forestación, urbanización y drenaje de los médanos que incrementaron los problemas de erosión costera, y de escasez o contaminación de aguas subterráneas.

Extensión del método de datación basado en Pb-210 al análisis de la contaminación de suelos por uranio

OpenAIRE

Cerezo Fernández, Agustín

2017-01-01

RESUMEN: Objetivo principal de este trabajo ha sido la datación de un testigo de 50 cm de profundidad de sedimentos extraído en el lago San Vicente (Argentina) en el año 2016 usando el método del 210Pb en exceso. Al analizar las medidas realizadas se detectó la posible contaminación por Uranio natural. En consecuencia se desarrolló un método para analizar cuantitativamente la presencia de dicha contaminación en los sedimentos. La datación de los sedimentos se ha realizado haciendo uso de m...

Sedimentos laminados de la Bahía Mejillones como registro de cambios temporales en la productividad fitoplanctónica de los últimos ~ 200 años Temporal changes in phytoplankton productivity over the last ~ 200 years recorded from Mejillones Bay laminated sediments

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MAGALY CANIUPÁN

2009-03-01

Full Text Available Con el objetivo de reconstruir los cambios temporales de la productividad fitoplanctónica durante el pasado reciente, se han analizado los contenidos de carbono orgánico total, ópalo biogénico, "chlorins" y alquenonas en un testigo de sedimentos laminados recuperado de la Bahía Mejillones. Adicionalmente, los parámetros físicos medidos (contenido de agua, densidad seca, susceptibilidad magnética, rayos-X y escala de grises contribuyeron a la caracterización de los sedimentos. El testigo recuperado con un sacatestigo de caja (Testigo 3; 23°03' S, 70°27' W; 80 m de profundidad de la columna de agua registró una tasa de sedimentación de 0,18 cm año-1 (basada en mediciones de 210Pb. La extrapolación de esta tasa de sedimentación a la base del testigo da cuenta de una edad de ~223 años. Los sedimentos se caracterizaron por presentar una sucesión de láminas claras y oscuras de grosor milimétrico, que se diferencian tanto en sus propiedades físicas como en la composición. Así las láminas oscuras, de mayor densidad y menor contenido de agua, representarían períodos de mayor productividad fitoplanctónica mientras que las láminas claras, de menor densidad y mayor contenido de agua, reflejarían períodos de menor productividad, concordando con estudios previos. La buena preservación de las láminas, lajiusencia de estructuras asociadas a procesos de bioperturbación, y los altos valores del δ15N sedimentario ( = 11,37 %¿ sugieren que los niveles de oxígeno en el agua de fondo de la bahía han permanecido bajos durante el período de dos siglos de depositación de los sedimentos reportados aquí. Nuestro registro se divide en dos grandes intervalos de productividad: un intervalo de menor productividad fitoplanctónica, antes de AD 1820, asociado a condiciones relativamente más cálidas en al área de surgencia, y otro de mayor productividad y altamente variable, a partir de AD 1877, relacionado con condiciones relativamente

Chemical and microbiological characterization of mangrove sediments after a large oil-spill in Guanabara Bay - RJ - Brazil Caracterização química e microbiológica de sedimentos de manguezal após um grande derramamento de óleo na Baia de Guanabara, RJ, Brasil

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Maria do Carmo Maciel-Souza

2006-09-01

Full Text Available Seventeen months after a 1,3 million L oil spill into Guanabara Bay, analyses of mangrove sediments showed that the three sites closest to the spill remain highly polluted (>10 µg-g-1 polyaromatic hydrocarbons. A fourth site was less polluted, from which most hydrocarbon degrading bacteria were isolated.Dezessete meses após um derramamento de 1,3 milhões de litros de óleo na Baía de Guanabara, análises de sedimento do manguezal mostraram que os três pontos de amostragem mais próximos do local do acidente permanecem altamente poluídos (>10 µg-g-1 hidrocarbonetos poliaromáticos. Do quarto ponto de amostragem, o menos poluído, foi isolada a maioria das bactérias degradadoras de hidrocarbonetos.

Chromatographic and Spectral Analysis of Two Main Extractable Compounds Present in Aqueous Extracts of Laminated Aluminum Foil Used for Protecting LDPE-Filled Drug Vials

Science.gov (United States)

Akapo, Samuel O.; Syed, Sajid; Mamangun, Anicia; Skinner, Wayne

2009-01-01

Laminated aluminum foils are increasingly being used to protect drug products packaged in semipermeable containers (e.g., low-density polyethylene (LDPE)) from degradation and/or evaporation. The direct contact of such materials with primary packaging containers may potentially lead to adulteration of the drug product by extractable or leachable compounds present in the closure system. In this paper, we described a simple and reliable HPLC method for analysis of an aqueous extract of laminated aluminum foil overwrap used for packaging LDPE vials filled with aqueous pharmaceutical formulations. By means of combined HPLC-UV, GC/MS, LC/MS/MS, and NMR spectroscopy, the two major compounds detected in the aqueous extracts of the representative commercial overwraps were identified as cyclic oligomers with molecular weights of 452 and 472 and are possibly formed from poly-condensation of the adhesive components, namely, isophthalic acid, adipic acid, and diethylene glycol. Lower molecular weight compounds that might be associated with the “building blocks” of these compounds were not detected in the aqueous extracts. PMID:20140083

Sedimentos arcillosos en un suelo del valle inferior del río Colorado (Argentina Clay sediments in a soil of the lower Colorado river valley (Argentina

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Norman Peinemann

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Se describe la presencia de capas sedimentarias ricas en minerales de arcilla en un subsuelo del valle inferior del río Colorado por su importancia para el régimen hídrico de suelos bajo riego. Difractogramas de rayos X efectuados sobre la fracción arcilla fina de estos sedimentos revelaron que está compuesta por smectitas con muy buena cristalización. La caracterización fisicoquímica del perfil de suelo mostró que el fuerte incremento de minerales de arcilla en el subsuelo estuvo vinculado con un aumento de pH y PSI y en consecuencia una marcada disminución en la conductividad hidráulica, motivo por el cual la eventual presencia de estas capas sedimentarias debe ser muy tenida en cuenta en la programación de las prácticas de riego para evitar el posible deterioro de los suelos.The presence of sedimentary clay layers in subsoils of the lower Colorado river valley are described due to their impact on the water balance of soils under irrigation. X-ray difractograms of the fine clay fraction of these sediments show that they are composed of smectites with a very good crystallization. The physicochemical characterization of the soil profile indicates that the abrupt increase of clay minerals was associated with high pH and ESP values as well as a sharp decrease in hydraulic conductivity. Therefore, the presence of sedimentary clay layers in soils has to be considered when planning irrigation practices to avoid soil degradation.

Environmental contamination, product contamination and workers exposure using a robotic system for antineoplastic drug preparation.

Science.gov (United States)

Sessink, Paul J M; Leclercq, Gisèle M; Wouters, Dominique-Marie; Halbardier, Loïc; Hammad, Chaïma; Kassoul, Nassima

2015-04-01

Environmental contamination, product contamination and technicians exposure were measured following preparation of iv bags with cyclophosphamide using the robotic system CytoCare. Wipe samples were taken inside CytoCare, in the clean room environment, from vials, and prepared iv bags including ports and analysed for contamination with cyclophosphamide. Contamination with cyclophosphamide was also measured in environmental air and on the technicians hands and gloves used for handling the drugs. Exposure of the technicians to cyclophosphamide was measured by analysis of cyclophosphamide in urine. Contamination with cyclophosphamide was mainly observed inside CytoCare, before preparation, after preparation and after daily routine cleaning. Contamination outside CytoCare was incidentally found. All vials with reconstituted cyclophosphamide entering CytoCare were contaminated on the outside but vials with powdered cyclophosphamide were not contaminated on the outside. Contaminated bags entering CytoCare were also contaminated after preparation but non-contaminated bags were not contaminated after preparation. Cyclophosphamide was detected on the ports of all prepared bags. Almost all outer pairs of gloves used for preparation and daily routine cleaning were contaminated with cyclophosphamide. Cyclophosphamide was not found on the inner pairs of gloves and on the hands of the technicians. Cyclophosphamide was not detected in the stationary and personal air samples and in the urine samples of the technicians. CytoCare enables the preparation of cyclophosphamide with low levels of environmental contamination and product contamination and no measurable exposure of the technicians. © The Author(s) 2014 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav.

Improved reproducibility of unit-cell parameters in macromolecular cryocrystallography by limiting dehydration during crystal mounting.

Science.gov (United States)

Farley, Christopher; Burks, Geoffry; Siegert, Thomas; Juers, Douglas H

2014-08-01

In macromolecular cryocrystallography unit-cell parameters can have low reproducibility, limiting the effectiveness of combining data sets from multiple crystals and inhibiting the development of defined repeatable cooling protocols. Here, potential sources of unit-cell variation are investigated and crystal dehydration during loop-mounting is found to be an important factor. The amount of water lost by the unit cell depends on the crystal size, the loop size, the ambient relative humidity and the transfer distance to the cooling medium. To limit water loss during crystal mounting, a threefold strategy has been implemented. Firstly, crystal manipulations are performed in a humid environment similar to the humidity of the crystal-growth or soaking solution. Secondly, the looped crystal is transferred to a vial containing a small amount of the crystal soaking solution. Upon loop transfer, the vial is sealed, which allows transport of the crystal at its equilibrated humidity. Thirdly, the crystal loop is directly mounted from the vial into the cold gas stream. This strategy minimizes the exposure of the crystal to relatively low humidity ambient air, improves the reproducibility of low-temperature unit-cell parameters and offers some new approaches to crystal handling and cryoprotection.

Troncos de Salix Humboldtiana en depósitos aluviales del Holoceno tardío, río Sauce Grande (Provincia de Buenos Aires

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Jorge Rabassa

1991-01-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo la presentación de este hallazgo, discutir la estratigrafía y la cronología de los sedimentos portadores e intentar la reconstrucción de las características paleoambientales. Para ello, fueron realizados perfiles estratigráficos en las localidades estudiadas, muestreo de las unidades reconocidas, estudio palinológico en doce niveles distintos, muestreo de materiales orgánicos para fechado radiocarbónico y recolección de troncos para su estudio xilològico.

Streamlined sample cleanup using combined dispersive solid-phase extraction and in-vial filtration for analysis of pesticides and environmental pollutants in shrimp.

Science.gov (United States)

Han, Lijun; Sapozhnikova, Yelena; Lehotay, Steven J

2014-05-27

A new method of sample preparation was developed and is reported for the first time. The approach combines in-vial filtration with dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) in a fast and convenient cleanup of QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) extracts. The method was applied to simultaneous analysis of 42 diverse pesticides and 17 environmental contaminants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and flame retardants, in shrimp as the sample matrix. Final extracts were analyzed by both low-pressure gas chromatography - triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (LPGC-MS/MS), and high-performance liquid chromatography - triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) to provide a wide scope of analysis for targeted analytes. During method development, several different commercial sorbents for d-SPE were investigated and compared with respect to analyte recoveries. The method was validated at 10, 50, and 100 ng g(-1) spiking levels (10-fold lower for PCBs), and the results for nearly all analytes were between 70 and 115% recoveries with ≤17% relative standard deviations. The method was shown to be simple, fast, and effective for multi-application analysis of chemical residues in the representative food and environmental marker matrix. Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Programação em matlab para a análise de tensões em barragens gravidade de concreto com a consideração de sismos e sedimentos

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R. C. Silva

Full Text Available Tendo-se em vista a importância sócio-econômica que as barragens possuem no Brasil e os grandes investimentos realizados acerca destas estruturas,o objetivo deste trabalho é contribuir para o estudo destas estruturas, através do desenvolvimento de um programa em linguagem Matlab para a análise de tensões em barragens gravidade de concreto. As rotinas desenvolvidas permitem verificações comuns em projetos de barragens, dentre as quais se destaca a possibilidade de se considerar a ação de sedimentos e sismos, além da possibilidade de variar, em uma mesma análise, parâmetros geométricos e propriedades físicas dos materiais do perfil estudado. A análise dos sismos é abordada segundo doi métodos quais sejam: método Pseudo-Estático (Método de Westergaard e Pseudo-Dinâmico (Método de Chopra. Antes da apresentação das subrotinas desenvolvidas, os principais métodos de análise de tensões, ocasionadas pelas ações sísmicas, são brevemente discutidos e, após, são feitas diversas validações de resultados com o auxílio do programa CADAM 2000, desenvolvido pela Escola Politécnicas de Montreal. Apresentam-se ainda análises adicionais referentes às potencialidades do programa, assim como as principais conclusões.

Production Potential of 47Sc Using Spallation Neutron Flux at the Los Alamos Isotope Production Facility

Science.gov (United States)

2014-03-27

solution were transferred to the vials on the far right to be placed in Counter 55. TiO2 is typically completely translucent when dissolved into...c Dirt Box Shielding 24 1 -1.6 -24 18 c Vault Air Volume 25 3 -0.000958 -25 20 24 26 39 40 c Concrete layer 26 11 -2.25...26 19 c PE Layer thru concrete wall 19 13 -0.92 -19 35 c PE Layer thru Air 40 13 -0.92 -40 42 c Pb Layer 20 14 -11.34

Avaliação da concentração de mercúrio em sedimentos e material particulado no rio Acre, estado do Acre, Brasil Mercury concentration assessment in botton sediments and suspended solids from Acre river, in the State of Acre, Brazil

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Artur Fernando Silva Mascarenhas

2004-01-01

Full Text Available A avaliação dos teores de mercúrio em sistemas aquáticos sem influência direta de fontes antropogênicas conhecidas não tem sido conduzida com freqüência na região Amazônica. Visando contribuir para esclarecer a ocorrência de valores elevados de Hg em peixes consumidos pela população de Rio Branco - AC, o Instituto Evandro Chagas - IEC, realizou um estudo para quantificar os teores de Hg em sedimentos de fundo e material particulado no rio Acre e alguns afluentes, além da caracterização físico-química das águas entre as cidades de Brasiléia e Assis Brasil. As amostras de sedimentos foram peneiradas na fração Mercury levels assessment in aquatic systems areas without influences of antropogenic sources have not been well studied in the Amazon region. For the identification of the origin of high values of Hg in fish consumed by population of Rio Branco City - AC, the Evandro Chagas Institute - IEC, studied the mercury levels in sediments, suspended solids and studied also the physical-chemical characterization of waters, in the Acre river and also some in afluents, between Brasiléia and Assis Brasil cities. Bottom sediments samples were sieved to <250 mesh fraction after drying. The suspended solid was obtained by precipitation with Al2SO4. About 250 mg of the material was submitted the acid digestion and the determinations of Hg were made by Could Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The physical-chemical parameters pH, electric conductivity, temperature and dissolved total solids, were studied in the field, by potenciometric methods. The Hg levels in bottom sediments range 0,018 and 0,184 mug g-1, mean of 0,054 ± 0,034 mug g-1, while the suspended solids varied between 0,067 and 0,220 mug g-1, average of 0,098 ± 0,037 mug g-1. The waters were slightly acid with pH varying among 5,80 - 6,95 and conductivity electric 151,60 - 1.151,00 muS cm-1. The mercury levels in the analyzed materials was below of standard levels for

Traffic related deaths in Nuevo Leon, Mexico: causes and associated factors Muertes relacionadas con accidentes viales en Nuevo León, México: causas y factores asociados

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Arreola-Rissa

2008-01-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: The effects of alcohol on mortality due to motor vehicle accidents was studied. MATERIAL AND METHODS: During the first semester of 2003, a sample of 243 fatality victims of traffic-related accidents and their blood alcohol levels were analyzed in the state of Nuevo Leon, Mexico. The age-adjusted mortality rate for traffic accidents was 8.9/100000 pop. (13.2 for males and 3.21 for females, per 100000. Fatal accidents were more common in the Metropolitan Area (MA. RESULTS: Fatalities were four times greater in males and the mean age was 34.7±18.2 years. Blood alcohol was detected in almost half of the victims who were drivers of the vehicles; the other cases of fatalities may be associated with road/car condition, weather and other factors. CONCLUSIONS: Alcohol intoxication levels were primarily associated with male drivers ages 16 to 45 (p=0.029; levels increased with age. In females, alcohol played a lesser role, affecting mostly ages 31 to 45 y (p=0.055.OBJETIVO:Durante seis meses de 2003 se estudió el efecto del alcohol en 243 víctimas fatales relacionadas con accidentes viales del estado de Nuevo León, México. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó autopsia en todos los casos y se determinó el nivel de alcohol en sangre. La tasa de mortalidad ajustada por edad para accidentes viales fue 8.9/100000 hab. (13.2 para hombres y 3.21 para mujeres, por 100000. Accidentes fatales fueron comunes en el Área Metropolitana. RESULTADOS: Las fatalidades fueron cuatro veces mayores en hombres y la edad promedio fue de 34.7±18.2 años. Se detectaron niveles de alcohol en sangre en casi la mitad de los conductores que fueron víctimas; los otros casos de fatalidad fueron asociados con las condiciones del camino, el auto, factores meteorológicos, entre otros. CONCLUSIONES: Los niveles de intoxicación alcohólica fueron básicamente con conductores masculinos, de 16-45 años (p=0.029, aumentando con la edad. Entre las mujeres, el alcohol jugó un

Preservación y abundancia de escamas de peces en sedimentos del margen continental de Chile (21-36° S Fish scale preservation and abundance in sediments from the continental margin off Chile (21-36° S

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JAVIER A DÍAZ-OCHOA

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Con el objetivo de evaluar la relación entre la preservación de escamas de peces y las variaciones en las condiciones redox en sedimentos del margen continental de Chile, este trabajo presenta recuentos de escamas de peces y concentraciones normalizadas de elementos redox sensibles (Mo/Al, S/Al, Fe/Al en ocho testigos de sedimento recolectados en la zona de minimo oxígeno frente a Chile (Iquique: 20°15' S, bahía de Mejillones: 23° S y Concepción: 36° S. En el norte de Chile (Iquique y Mejillones predominan las escamas de anchoveta (Engraulis ringens y de peces de la familia Myctophidae (media = 90 y 120 escamas 1.000 cm-3, respectivamente mientras que en Chile centro-sur (Concepción son más abundantes las escamas de jurel (Trachurus murphy; media = 140 escamas 1.000 cm-3. La abundancia de escamas de merluza común (Merluccius gayi gayi y de sardina (Sardinops sagax es aproximadamente un orden de magnitud más baja que la de anchoveta o jurel. En general, los valores más altos y los rangos más amplios de variación en las razones Mo/Al, S/Al y Fe/Al se encuentran en Mejillones (Mo/Al ~0,8-12 mg g-1, S/Al 0,2-4,6 g g-1, Fe/Al 0,3-0,7 g g-1 seguidos por Iquique (Mo/Al -0,2-1,8; S/Al 0,2-0,7, Fe/Al 0,5-0,8, mientras que Concepción revela valores más bajos y poco variables (Mo/Al ~0,07, S/Al ~0,15 y Fe/Al ~0,5. La razón Mo/Al, utilizada como indicador de paleo-oxigenación, permite inferir condiciones reductoras relativamente más intensas en los sedimentos de la Bahía de Mejillones e Iquique que en Concepción. En las tres localidades de muestreo se evidencia una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la abundancia de escamas de anchoveta y el logaritmo de la razón Mo/Al (r²= 0,46; P 1 mg g-1.The relationship between fish scale preservation and variations in the sediment redox conditions on Chile's continental shelf are evaluated herein through fish scale counts and normalized concentrations of redox sensitive elements

Air filtration and indoor air quality

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bekö, Gabriel

2006-01-01

Demands for better indoor air quality are increasing, since we spend most of our time indoors and we are more and more aware of indoor air pollution. Field studies in different parts of the world have documented that high percentage of occupants in many offices and buildings find the indoor air...... decent ventilation and air cleaning/air filtration, high indoor air quality cannot be accomplished. The need for effective air filtration has increased with increasing evidence on the hazardous effects of fine particles. Moreover, the air contains gaseous pollutants, removal of which requires various air...... cleaning techniques. Supply air filter is one of the key components in the ventilation system. Studies have shown that used ventilation filters themselves can be a significant source of indoor air pollution with consequent impact on perceived air quality, sick building syndrome symptoms and performance...

Can a Compact Pre-Filled Auto-Disable Injection System (cPAD) Save Costs for DTP-HepB-Hib Vaccine as Compared with Single-Dose (SDV) and Multi-Dose Vials (MDV)? Evidence from Cambodia, Ghana, and Peru.

Science.gov (United States)

Nogier, Cyril; Hanlon, Patrick; Wiedenmayer, Karin; Maire, Nicolas

2015-03-01

A compact pre-filled auto-disable injection (cPAD) presentation is being developed for the fully liquid pentavalent DTP-HepB-Hib vaccine. A cost analysis (CA) to compare this presentation with the presently used single-dose vial (SDV) and multi-dose vial (MDV) was conducted in Cambodia, Ghana, and Peru. The CA included the development of an excel-based costing model and considered the costs of vaccine, safe injection equipment, procurement, storage, transport and distribution, vaccine administration by health staff, medical waste management, start-up activities, as well as coverage, birth cohort, vaccine, and safe injection equipment wastage rates. The outcome was the change in cost per pentavalent fully immunized child (PFIC) for a switch to cPAD. Field visits to health facilities, and interviews with key informants from immunization services and regulatory authorities, were conducted to collect data and to test the costing model in country context. Cost data were also obtained from manufacturers, published price lists, and author estimates. A sensitivity analysis (SA) was conducted to explore possible variations in values of data collected. Based on vaccine price trends estimated for 2016, cPAD is less costly in Ghana [incremental cost per PFIC: $US-0.59 (-6.46 %)] than the current presentation (ten-dose MDV) and in Peru (SDV): $US-0.89 (-7.14 %). In Cambodia, cPAD is more costly than SDV: $US+0.33 (+3.90 %). The most significant cost item per PFIC is the vaccine (reflecting wastage rates) in all presentations. The dominance of the vaccine price per dose and, to a lesser extent, the wastage rates in the incremental cost per PFIC show potential to simplify future analyses. Other relevant considerations at country level for a change of presentation include the potential for improved safety with cPAD, planned introduction of other vaccines, environmental and safety issues, and financial sustainability.

Metabolomic method: UPLC-q-ToF polar and non-polar metabolites in the healthy rat cerebellum using an in-vial dual extraction.

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Amera A Ebshiana

Full Text Available Unbiased metabolomic analysis of biological samples is a powerful and increasingly commonly utilised tool, especially for the analysis of bio-fluids to identify candidate biomarkers. To date however only a small number of metabolomic studies have been applied to studying the metabolite composition of tissue samples, this is due, in part to a number of technical challenges including scarcity of material and difficulty in extracting metabolites. The aim of this study was to develop a method for maximising the biological information obtained from small tissue samples by optimising sample preparation, LC-MS analysis and metabolite identification. Here we describe an in-vial dual extraction (IVDE method, with reversed phase and hydrophilic liquid interaction chromatography (HILIC which reproducibly measured over 4,000 metabolite features from as little as 3mg of brain tissue. The aqueous phase was analysed in positive and negative modes following HILIC separation in which 2,838 metabolite features were consistently measured including amino acids, sugars and purine bases. The non-aqueous phase was also analysed in positive and negative modes following reversed phase separation gradients respectively from which 1,183 metabolite features were consistently measured representing metabolites such as phosphatidylcholines, sphingolipids and triacylglycerides. The described metabolomics method includes a database for 200 metabolites, retention time, mass and relative intensity, and presents the basal metabolite composition for brain tissue in the healthy rat cerebellum.

Caracterização da qualidade de água e sedimento na UHE Americana relacionados à ocorrência de plantas aquáticas Characterization of water and sediment quality at the Americana reservoir related to the occurrence of aquatic plants

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E.D. Velini

2005-06-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho foi realizado na UHE Americana, pertencente à Companhia Paulista de Força e Luz, e faz parte de um projeto de pesquisa e desenvolvimento realizado em conjunto com a Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas (UNESP de Botucatu. Foram realizadas amostragens de água e sedimento nos meses de outubro e dezembro de 2003 e fevereiro, abril e junho de 2004. Selecionaram-se seis pontos de coleta no reservatório, sendo cinco a montante da barragem e um a jusante. Levantamentos de flora foram realizados nos meses de dezembro de 2003 e abril e julho de 2004, sendo constatados elevados teores de nitrogênio e fósforo nas amostras de água, com valores médios de 3,867 mg L-1 para nitrato, 0,706 mg L-1 para amônia, 1,372 mg L-1 para nitrito e 151,979 µg L-1 para fosfato dissolvido na água. O sedimento apresentou elevado nível de fertilidade, com médias de 32,18 g kg-1 para matéria orgânica, 68,87 mg dm-3 para P, 36,96 mmol dm-3 para Ca e 11,88 mmol dm-3 para Mg. Espécies marginais e flutuantes foram as principais infestantes do reservatório, destacando-se Brachiaria subquadripara, Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes e Salvinia auriculata.This work was carried out at the Americana Reservoir, owned by Companhia Paulista de Força e Luz, and was part of a joint R & D project with Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - Botucatu - São Paulo - Brazil. Water and sediment samplings were collected in October and December 2003 and February, April and June 2004. Six sampling points were selected, being five upstream the barrage and one downstream. Flora assessment was carried out in December 2003, April and July 2004. High levels of nitrogen and phosphorus were observed in the water samples with average values of 3.867 mg L-1 for nitrate, 0.706 mg L-1 for ammonia, 1.372 mg L-1 for nitrite and 151.979 µg L-1 for phosphate dissolved in water. Sediment presented a high level of fertility with mean values of 31.18 g kg-1 for organic matter, 68

Efeito da variabilidade da precipitação pluvial e do uso e manejo do solo sobre o escoamento superficial e o aporte de sedimento de uma bacia hidrográfica do Distrito Federal Effect of rainfall variability and land use on runoff and sediment in the Pipiripau river basin, in the Distrito Federal, Brazil

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Henrique Marinho Leite Chaves

2008-02-01

Full Text Available O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da variabilidade da precipitação sobre o escoamento direto e sobre o aporte de sedimento na bacia do rio Pipiripau (A = 235 km², no Distrito Federal. Cinco anos típicos da série de precipitação foram selecionados: o ano mais úmido, o ano mais seco, o ano médio e dois anos que representaram os desvios-padrão da série (médio-seco e médio-úmido. Depois de o modelo ser calibrado com dados diários de chuva e vazão da bacia, simulações foram realizadas para cada evento chuvoso de cada um dos cinco anos selecionados da série, e o escoamento direto e o aporte de sedimento da bacia foram calculados com a MUSLE em três diferentes cenários de uso e manejo do solo: o cenário atual, onde predomina o preparo convencional do solo (PC nas áreas de agricultura da bacia; o passado recente, em que predominava o Cerrado nativo (CER; e o cenário de plantio direto (PD, nas áreas de agricultura da bacia. Apesar de as vazões médias anuais observadas terem apresentado relação linear com os volumes de precipitação pluvial anual, em todos os cenários, o escoamento direto e o aporte de sedimento apresentaram aumento exponencial com o aumento da precipitação pluvial anual, sendo esse mais pronunciado na condição de preparo convencional (PC do que nos outros cenários estudados (CER e PD. O aumento observado pode ser explicado pela não-linearidade do modelo MUSLE ao volume de precipitação e ao volume de escoamento.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the rainfall variability on the runoff and sediment amount in the Pipiripau river basin (A = 235 km², in the Distrito Federal, Brazil. To represent the climatic variability of the historic precipitation series, 5 years were selected: the moistest, the driest, an average, and 2 years representing the standard deviations from the series (half-wet and half-dry. After the calibration of the model with basin rainfall and

A remotely operated, automated system for the infusion of shielded therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Macfarlane, D.J.; Bartlett, M.; Bellen, J.; Peters, J.; Domagala, M.; Allison, R.

1999-01-01

Full text: A number of radiopharmaceuticals may soon emerge into mainstream clinical oncology for palliative and therapeutic treatment for a variety of malignancies. These agents are characterized by high linear energy transfer particulate emissions. Dispensing and administration of these therapies on a regular basis pose a substantial radiation burden to staff, from direct g-emissions and from Bremsstrahlung (braking) radiations. In an effort to implement the ALARA principle, a multidisciplinary team was given the brief to design a system which permitted: (1) safe, sterile transfer of a nominated quantity of radiopharmaceutical into a shielded reservoir compatible with the infusion pump; (2) remote variation of volume and administration rate upon command; (3) purging of delivery system following administration of dose; (4) monitoring of and communication with patient during infusion; (5) use of TGA-approved delivery system. The final design centred around an Abbott 'Lifecare 5000' volumetric dual-channel intravenous infusion pump and featured: microprocessor control with mutiline LCD prompting display; remote operation of keypad by pneumatic actuator; CCTV monitoring of patient, pump and physiological data; delivery of therapy dose from a shielded vial; flushing of therapy vial by 'back-priming'; and full array of safety alarms (air in line, occlusion, empty vial, etc). Further developments include audio communication with patient and remote physiological monitoring

Measurement of tritium with plastic scintillator surface improvement with plasma treatment

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yoshihara, Y.; Furuta, E. [Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo (Japan); Ohyama, R.I.; Yokota, S. [Tokai University, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa (Japan); Kato, Y.; Yoshimura, T.; Ogiwara, K. [Hitachi Aloka Medical, Mure, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo (Japan)

2015-03-15

Tritium is usually measured by using a liquid scintillation counter. However, liquid scintillator used for measurement will become radioactive waste fluid. To solve this issue, we have developed a method of measuring tritium samples with plasma-treated plastic scintillator (PS)sheets (Plasma method). The radioactive sample is held between 2 PS sheets and the whole is enclosed in a a low-potassium glass vial. With the Plasma method of 2-min plasma treatment, we have obtained measurement efficiency of 48 ± 2 % for 2 min measurement of tritium except for tritiated water. The plasma treatment makes the PS surface rough and hydrophilic which contributes to improve the contact between tritium and PS. On the other hand, it needed almost 6 hours to obtain constant measurement efficiency. The reason was that the dry-up handling in the vial needed longer time to vaporize H{sub 2}O molecules than in the air. We tried putting silica gel beads into vials to remove H{sub 2}O molecules from PS sheet surface quickly. The silica gel beads worked well and we got constant measurement efficiency within 1-3 hours. Also, we tried using other kinds of PS treated with plasma to obtain higher measurement efficiencies of tritium samples.

A Passive Diffusion Sampler for HT- and HTO-in-Air

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Surette, R.A.; Nunes, J.C.

2005-01-01

Fusion research and tritium removal facilities potentially handle large inventories of tritium gas (HT). If any HT is released into the workplace, a fraction may be converted to tritiated water vapour (HTO). A convenient method to determine the activity concentration of each species is necessary to assess the potential hazard since the radiological hazard of HTO is more than 10 4 that due to HT. Passive samplers for measuring tritiated water vapour (HTO) have been shown to be suitable for use indoors and outdoors. These simple samplers consist of a standard 20-mL liquid scintillation vial with a diffusion orifice that determines the sampling rate.The total tritium samplers described herein are passive or diffusion samplers that contain a small amount of AECL-proprietary wet-proofed catalyst fixed to the underside of the sampling heads to allow conversion of the HT to HTO that is subsequently collected in the sink, (HTO), in the bottom of the sampler. After an appropriate sampling time, liquid scintillation cocktail is added to the vial and the activity collected determined by liquid scintillation analysis. When used in conjunction with the conventional HTO passive sampler the difference between the total and HTO samplers can be used to determine the HT fraction ((HT+HTO) - HTO HT). The sampling rates for the modified diffusion sampler were measured to be 4.6 and 8.1 L/d for HTO and HT, respectively. For a fifteen-minute sampling period, passive samplers can be used to measure tritium activity concentrations from 37 kBq/m 3 to 115 MBq/m 3

33 CFR 334.1280 - Bristol Bay, Alaska; air-to-air weapon range, Alaskan Air Command, U.S. Air Force.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Bristol Bay, Alaska; air-to-air weapon range, Alaskan Air Command, U.S. Air Force. 334.1280 Section 334.1280 Navigation and Navigable... REGULATIONS § 334.1280 Bristol Bay, Alaska; air-to-air weapon range, Alaskan Air Command, U.S. Air Force. (a...

Royal Danish Air Force. Air Operations Doctrine

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nørby, Søren

This brief examines the development of the first Danish Air Force Air Operations Doctrine, which was officially commissioned in October 1997 and remained in effect until 2010. The development of a Danish air power doctrine was heavily influenced by the work of Colonel John Warden (USAF), both...... through his book ”The Air Campaign” and his subsequent planning of the air campaign against Iraq in 1990-1991. Warden’s ideas came to Denmark and the Danish Air Force by way of Danish Air Force students attending the United States Air Force Air University in Alabama, USA. Back in Denmark, graduates from...... the Air University inspired a small number of passionate airmen, who then wrote the Danish Air Operations Doctrine. The process was supported by the Air Force Tactical Command, which found that the work dovetailed perfectly with the transformation process that the Danish Air Force was in the midst...

Hydrogeochemistry and pollution effects of an aquifer in Quaternary loess like sediments in the landflling area of Mar del Plata, Argentina

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Daniel E. Martínez

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Sedimentos de tipo loéssico cubren una superficie aproximada de 1.800.000 km2 en la llanura Pampeana de Argentina, formando un sistema acuífero que es utilizado para abastecimiento de agua a ciudades y la población rural en la región. Este sistema acuífero suministra el agua que sustenta las actividades productivas que contribuyen en un 60% al producto bruto nacional. Es este trabajo se realiza un estudio detallado en un sector del acuífero próximo a la ciudad de Mar del Plata, provincia de Buenos Aires, en el que se localizan tres rellenos sanitarios. El principal objetivo es caracterizar los procesos geoquímicos que dan origen a la composición observada del agua subterránea. Se perforaron cinco pozos para la toma de muestras de agua y sedimentos, y evaluar el impacto de la infiltración del lixiviado sobre esos procesos. Se determinó la composición textural y mineralógica de los sedimentos y la composición química del agua. Las relaciones de equilibrio entre la fase sólida y la solución se determinó utilizando programas específicos. Se concluye que la composición química observada en la aguas es consecuencia principalmente de procesos de equilibrio con calcita e intercambio catiónico con adsorción de calcio y liberación de sodio. La disolución de minerales de sílice amorfo, y la hidrólisis de silicatos en forma subordinada, da origen a altas concentraciones de sílice en las aguas. La mezcla con la infiltración del lixiviado incrementa las concentraciones de los iones conservativos cloruro y nitrato, pero no se modifican en general los procesos hidrogeoquímicos mayoritarios.

"Product on Stopper" in a Lyophilized Drug Product: Cosmetic Defect or a Product Quality Concern?

Science.gov (United States)

Mehta, Shyam B; Roy, Shouvik; Yang, Han-Chang Cathy

2018-06-01

During manufacturing of a lyophilized drug product, operator errors in product handling during loading of product filled vials onto the lyophilizer can lead to a seemingly cosmetic defect which can impact certain critical quality attributes of finished product. In this study, filling of a formulated monoclonal antibody in vials was performed using a peristaltic pump filling unit, and subsequently, the product was lyophilized. After lyophilization, upon visual inspection, around 40% of vials had cosmetic defect with residual product around stopper of the vial and were categorized as "product on stopper" vials, whereas remaining 60% vials with no cosmetic defect were called "acceptable vials." Both groups of vials from 1 single batch were tested for critical quality attributes including protein concentration (ultraviolet absorbance at 280), residual moisture (Karl Fischer), sterility (membrane filtration), and container closure integrity (CCI) (blue dye ingress). Analysis of protein quality attributes such as aggregation, protein concentration, residual moisture showed no significant difference between vials with "product on stopper" and "acceptable vials." However, CCI of the "product on stopper" vials was compromised due to the presence of product around stopper of the vial. The results from this case study demonstrate the following 2 important findings: (1) that a seemingly cosmetic defect may impact product quality, compromising the integrity of the product and (2) that CCI test method can be used as an orthogonal method to sterility testing to evaluate sterility assurance of the product. The corrective action proposed to mitigate this defect is use of a larger sized vial that can potentially minimize this defect that arises because of product handling errors. Copyright © 2018 American Pharmacists Association®. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Acute and chronic toxicity of sediment samples from Guanabara Bay (RJ during the rainy period

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Luciane Alves Maranho

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Guanabara Bay is a marine-estuarine environment of high ecological and socio-economic importance, subject to a variety of environmental impacts. Sediment is the eventual repository for most substances introduced into water bodies and may, therefore, provide an integrated measure of the environmental quality, which can be assessed by many different approaches. In this project, the quality of sediments from Guanabara Bay was evaluated by the ecotoxicological approach: whole-sediment toxicity tests, using Tiburonella viscana, and porewater, elutriate and sediment-water interface chronic toxicity tests, using embryos of Lytechinus variegatus, were applied. Sediments were collected at 14 sampling stations, distributed across the bay. Chronic tests showed significant toxicity in most of the sediment samples. Sediments from stations 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12 and 15 showed acute toxicity as well. The results of the different tests were well correlated, and their integration showed that the sediments analyzed were considered unsuitable for aquatic life, resulting in the environmental degradation of Guanabara Bay. In this context, the control of pollution sources and multi-purpose management are required to improve the environmental quality.A Baía de Guanabara é um ambiente marinho-estuarino de grande relevância ecológica e sócio-econômica, e sujeita a uma ampla gama de impactos ambientais. O sedimento é o principal destino para a maioria das substâncias introduzidas nos corpos d'água, podendo fornecer uma medida integrada da qualidade ambiental, a qual pode ser avaliada por várias abordagens. Neste projeto, a qualidade de sedimentos da Baía de Guanabara foi por uma abordagem ecotoxicológica, por meio de testes de toxicidade aguda de sedimento integral, utilizando Tiburonella viscana, e testes de toxicidade crônica de água intersticial, elutriato e interface sedimento-água, utilizando embriões de Lytechinus variegatus. Os sedimentos foram

Tasas de desnitrificación en una laguna costera tropical, la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, Mar Caribe, Colombia

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Herrera Martínez Yimy

2000-12-01

Full Text Available The rates of denitrification were measured as flows of N₂O in two sites in the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta as a first step toward the identification of the patterns of this process in tropical coastal lagoons of Colombia. To find out its magnitud, samples of sediment were taken to the lab trials. The rates were related with physical and chemical variables of the sediments and the water column. The rates fluctuated between undetectable and 4305 nrnoles. mˉ² hˉ¹. The maximum flow attributed to bacterial denitrification was 38.8 nmoles.mˉ² hˉ¹. The results showthat denitrification is linked to nitrification of the sedimento It was determined that acetylene blockage assays in anoxic conditions underestimate the rates of denitrification. Apparently nitrification of sediments was blocked by the lack of oxygenand possibly because of the acetylene, which inabilited the production of NO₃ˉ for denitrification. The variations in space and time of denitrification are probably due to factors such as: salinity, porosity of the sediments, content of organic matter and O₂ concentration.Se midieron las tasas de desnitrificación como flujos de N₂O en dos sitios de la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta como un primer esfuerzo para identificar los patrones generales que determinan este proceso en ecosistemas lagunares costeros tropicales colombianos. Para determinar su magnitud, se realizaron ensayos de laboratorio con muestras de sedimento de la ciénaga. Estas tasas fueron relacionadas con variables físicas y químicas del sedimento y de la columna de agua. Las tasas de flujo de N₂O estuvieron entre no detectadas hasta 4305 nmoles.m⁻².h⁻¹ . El flujo máximo de N₂O, atribuido a la desnitrificación bacteriana, fue 38.8 nmoles.m⁻².h⁻¹. Los resultados indican que la desnitrificación está acoplada a la nitrificación en los sedimentos. Se estableció que la utilización de la técnica de inhibición con acetileno y la incubaci

Concentración de metales pesados (Cu, Ni, Zn, Cd, Pb en la biota y sedimentos de una playa artificial, en la bahía San Jorge 23°S, norte de Chile Heavy metals concentration (Cu, Ni, Zn, Cd, Pb, in biota and sediments of an artificial beach, in San Jorge bay 23°S, northern Chile

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gabriel Castro

2012-07-01

Full Text Available Se evaluó el contenido de metales pesados (Cu, Ni, Zn, Cd, Pb en la biota y el sedimento de una playa artificial (Paraíso y una playa natural (El Lenguado, ubicadas en la bahía San Jorge, norte de Chile. Los resultados fueron utilizados para comparar ambos sistemas, el grado de cumplimiento de la normativa ambiental nacional e internacional, y el efecto de la construcción de la playa artificial sobre el nivel de contaminación por metales existentes históricamente en esa zona. En cada playa se ubicaron estaciones equidistantes que abarcaron desde el intermareal hasta el submareal de las cuales fueron extraídos los organismos. Se tomaron muestras de sedimento en cada playa y se determinaron las pendientes con el método de Emery. El análisis granulométrico evidenció el predominio de arena media en playa El Lenguado, y arena media y fina en playa Paraíso. El contenido de materia orgánica fue mayor en El Lenguado. En playa Paraíso se determinaron cinco phylum/superclase agrupados en 19 taxa, mientras que en El Lenguado se encontraron cuatro phylum/superclase agrupados en cc taxa. El contenido de metales en sedimentos y en la mayoría de organismos presentó valores mayores en playa Paraíso. Estos resultados, junto a las normas de calidad chilenas y norteamericanas, sugieren un evidente deterioro en la calidad ambiental de playa Paraíso lo que se demostró por un incremento en las concentraciones de estos metales desde su construcción, los que sobrepasan los límites establecidos por ambas normas.It was evaluated the heavy metal content (Cu, Ni, Zn, Cd, Pb in biota and sediment of an artificial beach (Paraíso and a natural beach (El Lenguado, both located in San Jorge bay, northern Chile. The results were used to compare both systems, the degree of fulfillment of national and international environmental regulations, and the effect of the construction of the artificial beach on the level of metal contamination historically existing in

Erosión y pérdida de nutrientes en diferentes sistemas agrícolas de una microcuenca en la zona periurbana de la ciudad de Puebla, México

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rosalía Castelán Vega

2017-07-01

Full Text Available El suelo es un componente natural de gran importancia en la sostenibilidad de los ecosistemas, su degradación se debe, en la mayoría de los casos, al mal manejo bajo condiciones de ladera, lo que disminuye su productividad y su capacidad para sostener la vida humana. Se evaluó la producción de sedimentos y la pérdida de nutrientes durante el año 2013 en sistemas agrícolas representativos de la zona periurbana de la ciudad de Puebla, México; con el objetivo de ponderar el coeficiente de enriquecimiento de dichos sedimentos, y así identificar el sistema agrícola que menor perdida de fertilidad genera. Se instalaron parcelas delimitadas con dimensiones de 3 m de ancho y 9 m de largo con pendiente homogénea de 9% de inclinación, en los sistemas: maíz, maíz-calabaza y maíz-avena. Se recolectaron los sedimentos, a los cuales se les determinó la concentración de materia orgánica, nitrógeno y fósforo, según lo marca la NOM-021-SEMARNAT-2000. La producción de sedimentos y escorrentía fue significativamente mayor en el sistema agrícola de maíz (54.6 mm y 37.9 Mg ha‑1, respectivamente y menor en maíz-calabaza. Los coeficientes de enriquecimiento de los sedimentos erosionados fueron en su mayoría, superiores a la unidad, destacando la materia orgánica con los coeficientes más altos. Se observó una fuerte correlación entre la producción de sedimentos y las pérdidas de materia orgánica, nitrógeno y fósforo, en los sistemas agrícolas. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que el actual manejo de los cultivos agrícolas en la zona de estudio, favorecen la degradación de los suelos. De igual forma, los resultados generados son una base importante para establecer estrategias agrícolas y disminuir áreas degradadas en los espacios rurales de la zona periurbana de la ciudad de Puebla, México.

EFEKTIFITAS TOXIN BOTULLINUM UNTUK MANAJEMEN BLEFAROSPASME ESSENSIAL DAN SPASME HEMIFASIAL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hendriati Hendriati

2010-09-01

Full Text Available AbstrakUntuk mengukur efektifikas toxin Botullinum pada kasus-kasus okuloplastik (blefarospasme essensial dan spasme hemifasial.Laporan kasus 16 pasien yang terdiri dari 14 kasus spasme hemifasial dan 2 kasus blefarospasme essensial. Digunakan 6 vial toxin Botullinum. Vial pertama digunakan untuk pasien spasme hemifasial dan 1 pasien blefasrospasme di minggu berikutnya. vial kedua dan ketiga masing-masing digunakan untuk 2 pasien spasme hemifasial. Vial keempat digunakan untuk pasien blefarospasme yang menggunakan vial pertama (setelah 6 bulan, dan 1 pasien spasme hemifasial yang menggunakan vial kedua ( setelah 4 bulan dan 1 pasien spasme hemifasial baru. Setelah 1 minggu, toxin Botullinum vial keempat digunakan untuk 6 pasien spasme hemifasial dan 1 pasien blefarospasme essensial yang menggunakan vial pertama 8 hari berikutnya (setelah 7 bulan.Terdapat 16 pasien pada studi ini ; 14 spasme hemifasial dan 2 blefarospasme essensial. Pada 5 pasien dilakukan injeksi ulangan dengan jangka waktu yang berbeda. Tidak ditemukan efek samping pada pasien-pasien ini.Toxin Botulinum efektif untuk manajemen spasme hemifasial dan blefarospasme essensial tetapi efeknya temporer. Pada studi ini, jangka waktu injeksi ulangan bervariasi sekitar 4 – 7 bulan pada 5 pasien.Kata Kunci : Toxin Botulinum toxin, spasme hemifasial, blefarospasmeAbstractTo asses Botulinum Toxin efficacy in oculoplastic cases (blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm.A case report on 16 patients consisted of 14 hemifacial spasms and 2 essential blepharospasm. Six vials of botulinum toxin were used. First vial was used for two patients of hemifacial spasm and one blepharospasm patient one week later. Second and third vials were used each for two patients of hemifacial spasms. Fourth vial was used for one blepharospasm patient from first vial user (after six month, one hemifacial spasm from second vial user (after four months and one new hemifacial spasm. After one week, Botulinum toxin from

Measurement of krypton-85 in the atmosphere with a portable apparatus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Okai, T.

1984-01-01

A portable apparatus was developed for the rapid collection, separation and counting of krypton-85 in environmental air samples. The apparatus consists of a molecular sieve trap for the elimination of H 2 O and CO 2 , a charcoal trap for the collection of krypton, a chromatographic column for the isolation of krypton in the air sample and a vial for the disolution of krypton in the scintillation solution. With this apparatus, krypton can be collected from half a cubic meter of air with 94% recovery in about 3 hrs. The measurements of krypton-85 were done several time in Fukuoka area from Jan. 30 to Dec. 9, 1981. The krypton-85 concentration was found to be approximately 21 pCi/m 3 air. The results were compared with those obtained by foreign investigators. (author)

Erosión hídrica y generación de sedimentos en la cuencas del Bañado del Juncal : Partido de Colón. Provincia de Buenos Aires

OpenAIRE

Bozadjie, José E.

2008-01-01

Determinar las pérdidas de suelo por erosión hídrica actual en la cuenca del Bañado del Juncal, Provincia de BUenos Aires, en situaciones de agricultura contínua con labranza convencional y siembra directa; y en rotaciones agrícolas ganaderas. Objetivo General: • Determinar las pérdidas de suelo por erosión hídrica actual en la cuenca del Bañado del Juncal, en situaciones de agricultura contínua con labranza convencional y siembra directa; y en rotaciones agrícolas ganader...

Dose dispenser for radioactive gas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Horwitz, N.H.; Gutkowski, R.E.

1977-01-01

An activity metering apparatus for metering predetermined activities of radioactive gas from a supply ampul to dose vials is described. The apparatus includes a shielded ampul housing, a fine metering valve communicating with the ampul housing chamber, a shielded vial housing and a hypodermic needle communicating with the metering valve and received through an opening in the vial housing. A Geiger-Muller tube is adjustably supported opposite an opening in the vial housing, whereby the activity of the radioactive gas dispensed to a partially evacuated vial within the vial chamber may be read directly by a standard laboratory rate meter

AirPEx. Air Pollution Exposure Model

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Freijer, J.I.; Bloemen, H.J.Th.; De Loos, S.; Marra, M.; Rombout, P.J.A.; Steentjes, G.M.; Van Veen, M.P.

1997-12-01

Analysis of inhalatory exposure to air pollution is an important area of investigation when assessing the risks of air pollution for human health. Inhalatory exposure research focuses on the exposure of humans to air pollutants and the entry of these pollutants into the human respiratory tract. The principal grounds for studying the inhalatory exposure of humans to air pollutants are formed by the need for realistic exposure/dose estimates to evaluate the health effects of these pollutants. The AirPEx (Air Pollution Exposure) model, developed to assess the time- and space-dependence of inhalatory exposure of humans to air pollution, has been implemented for use as a Windows 3.1 computer program. The program is suited to estimating various exposure and dose quantities for individuals, as well as for populations and subpopulations. This report describes the fundamentals of the AirPEx model and provides a user manual for the computer program. Several examples included in the report illustrate the possibilities of the AirPEx model in exposure assessment. The model will be used at the National Institute of Public Health and the Environment as a tool in analysing the current exposure of the Dutch population to air pollutants. 57 refs.

Disolución de sílice biogénica en sedimentos de lagos utilizados como bioindicadores de calidad del agua

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hermes U. Ramírez S.

2007-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar que la disoluci n de s lice amorfa de origen biog nico (diatomeas y fitolitos es un bioindicador de calidad del agua de lagos, valid ndose con la determinaci n de par metros f sico-qu micos. La determinaci n de diatomeas y fitolitos se realiz sobre n cleos de sedimentos del Lago Chapala, M xico. Las diatomeas y fitolitos fueron separados, depositados en laminillas y observados con microscop a de luz polarizada y electr nica de barrido. En forma paralela se analiz la calidad del agua del lago durante la d cada de 1990-2000 monitoreando 38 par metros f sicoqu micos en 25 estaciones. El estudio de diatomeas evidenci que la mayor a de ellos presentan fr stulas no preservadas, alto grado de disoluci n, fitolitos fragmentados y/o disueltos y una importante cantidad de debris de s lice. La determinaci n de fitolitos fue deficiente, con m s diatomeas en estado de disoluci n y debris de s lice opalino que fitolitos. Los resultados del an lisis f sico-qu mico del agua muestran valores de pH de 7,20-9,45, altas concentraciones de: nitr geno org nico (1,57 mg/l, nitr geno amoniacal (0,48 mg/l, nitratos (0,18 mg/l, f sforo org nico (0,16 mg/l, ortofosfatos (0,40 mg/l, f sforo total (0,57 mg/l y conductividad (867,53 S/cm lo que refleja altas concentraciones de sales, sobresaturaci n de CaCO3 con dureza total y c lcica de 221,35 y 142,67 mg/l respectivamente; alcalinidad total y c lcica de 307,29 y 29,90 mg/l respectivamente; todos factores que influyen en la disoluci n de diatomeas y fitolitos en los lechos del lago. Los resultados del estudio micropaleontol gico del Lago de Chapala han evidenciado disoluci n de diatomeas, fitolitos y la presencia de gran cantidad de debris de s lice amorfo y baja calidad de sus aguas, lo cual ha sido verificado con los par metros fisicoqu micos de la ultima d cada. Los fen menos de disoluci n de diatomeas y fitolitos por el momento son asociados a valores de pH>9, a condiciones eutr

Air movement and perceived air quality

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Melikov, Arsen Krikor; Kaczmarczyk, J.

2012-01-01

The impact of air movement on perceived air quality (PAQ) and sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms was studied. In total, 124 human subjects participated in four series of experiments performed in climate chambers at different combinations of room air temperature (20, 23, 26 and 28 °C), relative...... and the humidity of the room air. At a low humidity level of 30% an increased velocity could compensate for the decrease in perceived air quality due to an elevated temperature ranging from 20 °C to 26 °C. In a room with 26 °C, increased air movement was also able to compensate for an increase in humidity from 30...... humidity (30, 40 and 70%) and pollution level (low and high). Most of the experiments were performed with and without facially applied airflow at elevated velocity. The importance of the use of recirculated room air and clean, cool and dry outdoor air was studied. The exposures ranged from 60. min to 235...

A mixed air/air and air/water heat pump system ensures the air-conditioning of a cinema; Un systeme mixte PAC air/air et air/eau climatise un cinema

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Anon.

2001-03-01

This article presents the air conditioning system of a new cinema complex of Boulogne (92, France) which comprises a double-flux air processing plant and two heat pumps. Each heat pump has two independent refrigerating loops: one with a air condenser and the other with a water condenser. This system allows to limit the power of the loop and to reduce the size of the cooling tower and of the vertical ducts. This article describes the technical characteristics of the installation: thermodynamic units, smoke clearing, temperature control, air renewing. (J.S.)

Mixed protocols: Multiple ratios of FSH and LH bioactivity using highly purified, human-derived FSH (BRAVELLE and highly purified hMG (MENOPUR are unaltered by mixing together in the same syringe

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Raike Elizabeth

2005-11-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background The use of mixed or blended protocols, that utilize both FSH and hMG, for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation is increasing in use. To reduce the number of injections a patient must administer, many physicians instruct their patients to mix their FSH and hMG together to be given as a single injection. Therefore, the goal of this study was to definitively determine if the FSH and LH bioactivities of highly purified, human-derived FSH (Bravelle(R and highly purified hMG (Menopur(R were altered by reconstituting in 0.9% saline and mixing in the same syringe. Methods Bravelle(R and Menopur(R were reconstituted in 0.9% saline and mixed in a Becton Dickinson plastic syringe. The FSH and LH bioactivities of the products were determined after injecting female and male rats, respectively, with Bravelle(R, Menopur(R, or a mixture of Bravelle(R and Menopur(R. Ratios of FSH:LH activity tested were 150:75 IU (1 vial Bravelle(R: 1 vial Menopur(R, 300:75 IU (3 vials Bravelle(R: 1 vial Menopur(R or 300:225 IU (1 vial Bravelle(R: 3 vials of Menopur(R. Results There were no statistically significant changes in either FSH or LH bioactivity that occurred after mixing Bravelle(R with Menopur(R in the same syringe. The theoretical vs. actual FSH bioactivity for Bravelle(R and Menopur(R were 75 vs. 76.58 IU/mL and 75 vs. 76.0 IU/mL, respectively. For the 3 ratios of FSH:LH activity tested, 150:75 IU (1 vial Bravelle(R: 1 vial Menopur(R, 300:75 IU (3 vials Bravelle(R: 1 vial Menopur(R or 300:225 IU (1 vial Bravelle(R: 3 vials of Menopur(R tested, the theoretical vs. actual FSH bioactivities were 150 vs. 156.86 IU/mL, 300 vs. 308.69 IU/mL and 300 vs. 306.58 IU/mL, respectively. The theoretical vs. actual LH bioactivity for Menopur(R in the above mentioned ratios tested were 75 vs. 77.50 IU/mL. For the 3 ratios of FSH:LH activity tested, 150:75 IU (1 vial Bravelle(R: 1 vial Menopur(R, 300:75 IU (3 vials Bravelle(R: 1 vial Menopur(R or 300:225 IU (1

Kajian Analitik Perencanaan Pintu Air Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Air

OpenAIRE

Pradoto, Pradoto

1993-01-01

Pada pintu air pembangkit listrik tenaga air umumnya dipasang pengauat-penguat (girder). Tujuannya agar pintu air kuat dalam menahan tekanan air. Tekanan air yang diderita oleh pintu air cukup besar karena dipasang pada kedalaman + 50 meter di bawah permukaan air. Permasalahan yang timbul adalah menentukan posisi atau letak girder pada pintu air.

Reloadable radioactive generator system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Colombetti, L.G.

1977-01-01

A generator system that can be reloaded with an elutable radioactive material, such as 99 molybdenum, a multiple number of times is described. The system basically comprises a column filled with alumina, a loading vial containing a predetermined amount of the elutable radioactive material, and a rinsing vial containing a sterile solution. The two vials are connected by a conduit so that when communication is achieved between the column and loading vial and an evacuated vial is placed in communication with the bottom of the column, the predetermined amount of the radioactive material in the loading vial will be transferred to the column. The procedure can be repeated as the elutable material in the column is dissipated

A totally automatic density meter for radioactive solutions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hochel, R.C.

1987-02-01

A totally automatic density meter for measuring the density of radioactive liquid (plutonium nitrate) samples was developed and built for use at the Savannah River Plant. The measurement cell (vibrating U-tube) and other wetted parts are glovebox-contained and are remoted from the electronics and control instrumentation. The only operator actions required are insertion of a sample vial into the system, starting the analysis, and removing the vial about 90 seconds later. The sample measurement takes about 3 to 4 minutes and uses 10 mL of sample; another 5 to 6 minutes is required for a water/air measurement-control check, which leaves the system ready for the next sample. No water bath is needed because a computer algorithm is applied to the measurement to correct it to a standard reference temperature. The system is normally operated under computer control, but a programmable logic controller is available for backup. The system may also be operated manually by means of a switchpanel. 5 refs., 3 figs

Estimation of air quality by air pollution indices

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liblik, Valdo; Kundel, Helmut

1999-01-01

A novel system for estimating the quality of atmospheric air in the over-ground air layer with the help of air pollution indices was developed. The method is based on a comparison of measured or calculated maximum short-term concentrations and average annual concentrations of pollutants with maximum permissible concentrations (with regard to human beings and vegetation). Special air quality estimation scales for residential areas and natural systems are presented. On the basis of the concentration of the substance under study zones of very high, high, rather high, moderate, low and very low air pollution were distinguished in the over-ground layer of the atmosphere. These are projected to land surface for landscape zonation. The application of the system of indices is demonstrated in the analysis of air quality for the towns of Kohtla-Jarve, Johvi and Kivioli (in 1997-1998). A comparative analysis of the air pollution zones distinguished on the basis of emissions and data from bio monitoring yielded satisfactory results. The system of air pollution indices developed enables to process the results of air monitoring in case of pollution fields of complicated composition so that the result for estimating the quality of ambient air in a residential area is easily understood by inhabitants and interpretable with the help of a special scale; analyse temporal changes in the quality of the air in towns, villages and other residential areas and use the results as basis for developing measures for reducing the pollution of ambient air; carry out zonation of large territories on the basis of air pollution levels (spatial air pollution zones are projected on the ground surface) and estimate air quality in places where air monitoring is lacking to forecast the possible effect of air pollution on natural systems (author)

Air ejector augmented compressed air energy storage system

Science.gov (United States)

Ahrens, F.W.; Kartsounes, G.T.

Energy is stored in slack demand periods by charging a plurality of underground reservoirs with air to the same peak storage pressure, during peak demand periods throttling the air from one storage reservoir into a gas turbine system at a constant inlet pressure until the air presure in the reservoir falls to said constant inlet pressure, thereupon permitting air in a second reservoir to flow into said gas turbine system while drawing air from the first reservoir through a variable geometry air ejector and adjusting said variable geometry air ejector, said air flow being essentially at the constant inlet pressure of the gas turbine system.

Presencia de hidrocarburos en el litoral ecuatoriano, crucero de prospección pesquera T03/10/02D

OpenAIRE

Chalén, F.

2010-01-01

Los hidrocarburos fueron investigados en el área costera del Litoral Ecuatoriano bajo el proyecto ODEPLAN del INP. La información evaluada corresponde al mes de octubre del 2003. Se programaron un total de 42 sitios para el muestreo de sedimentos de fondo, los cuales fueron demarcados con un GPS (Global Positional System). Las muestras de sedimentos fueron colectadas utilizando draga Van Veen, las mismas que fueron analizadas de acuerdo a la metodología señalada por UNIESCO/COI/PNUMA y leídas...

Enhancing indoor air quality -The air filter advantage.

Science.gov (United States)

Vijayan, Vannan Kandi; Paramesh, Haralappa; Salvi, Sundeep Santosh; Dalal, Alpa Anil Kumar

2015-01-01

Air pollution has become the world's single biggest environmental health risk, linked to around 7 million deaths in 2012 according to a recent World Health Organisation (WHO) report. The new data further reveals a stronger link between, indoor and outdoor air pollution exposure and cardiovascular diseases, such as strokes and ischemic heart disease, as well as between air pollution and cancer. The role of air pollution in the development of respiratory diseases, including acute respiratory infections and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, is well known. While both indoor and outdoor pollution affect health, recent statistics on the impact of household indoor pollutants (HAP) is alarming. The WHO factsheet on HAP and health states that 3.8 million premature deaths annually - including stroke, ischemic heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer are attributed to exposure to household air pollution. Use of air cleaners and filters are one of the suggested strategies to improve indoor air quality. This review discusses the impact of air pollutants with special focus on indoor air pollutants and the benefits of air filters in improving indoor air quality.

Air Consumption Analysis of Air-Jet Weaving

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

RAJ KUMAR KHIANI

2016-07-01

Full Text Available In Textile industry, production is mostly key concern for Industry owner. This always has attracted researchers and machines manufacturers to make new developments in process and machines. Air-jet is one of the leading and successful highest productive weaving machines. However, it is now well established that due to add of charges of compressed air, manufacturing cost of air-jet weaving machine is higher as compared with rapier and projectile weaving machines. This is why countries having energy issues do not prefer air-jet weaving machines comparing projectile weaving machines. In this regard, several researchers and machine manufacturers have continuously been working to improve the efficiency of air-jet weft insertion. However, industry practice is as important as design made by researchers. The aim of this research is to investigate the air consumption of air-jet weaving on industrial scale practice. In this study, five weaving machine of same manufacturer and model were selected. It was observed that despite of manufacturing same quality of fabric, air consumption was varying almost in all weaving machines. Conventionally, mill workers adopt hit and trial practice in weaving industry including airpressure setting which leads to variation of nozzle pressure. Main reason of disparity of air consumption in air-jet weaving machines may be variation of distance from compressor to weaving machines, number of joints, un-necessary valve opening and pipes leakages cause an increase of compressed air consumption.

Manual for THOR-AirPAS - air pollution assessment system

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jensen, Steen Solvang; Ketzel, Matthias; Brandt, Jørgen

The report provides an outline of the THOR-AirPAS - air pollution assessment system and a brief manual for getting started with the air quality models and input data included in THOR-AirPAS.......The report provides an outline of the THOR-AirPAS - air pollution assessment system and a brief manual for getting started with the air quality models and input data included in THOR-AirPAS....

Differential Deposition of Fluorescently Tagged Cholesterol on Commercial Contact Lenses Using a Novel In Vitro Eye Model.

Science.gov (United States)

Walther, Hendrik; Phan, Chau-Minh; Subbaraman, Lakshman N; Jones, Lyndon

2018-04-01

We evaluate the differences in lipid uptake and penetration in daily disposable (DD) contact lenses (CL) using a conventional "in-vial" method compared to a novel in vitro eye model. The penetration of fluorescently labelled 22-(N-(7-Nitrobenz-2-Oxa-1,3-Diazol-4-yl)Amino)-23,24-Bisnor-5-Cholen-3beta-Ol (NBD)-cholesterol on three silicone hydrogel (SH) and four conventional hydrogel (CH) DD CLs were investigated. CLs were incubated for 4 and 12 hours in a vial, containing 3.5 mL artificial tear solution (ATS), or were mounted on an in vitro eye-blink platform designed to simulate physiologic tear flow (2 mL/24 hours), tear volume and "simulated" blinking. Subsequently, CLs were analyzed using laser scanning confocal microscopy and ImageJ. Penetration depth and fluorescence intensities of NBD-cholesterol varied between the incubation methods as well as lens materials. Using the traditional vial incubation method, NBD-cholesterol uptake occurred equally on both sides of all lens materials. However, using our eye-blink model, cholesterol penetration was observed primarily on the anterior surface of the CLs. In general, SH lenses showed higher intensities of NBD-cholesterol than CH materials. The traditional "in-vial" incubation method exposes the CLs to an excessively high amount of ATS, which results in an overestimation for cholesterol deposition. Our model, which incorporates important ocular factors, such as intermittent air exposure, small tear volume, and physiological tear flow between blinks, provides a more natural environment for in vitro lens incubation. In vitro measurements of CLs are a common approach to predict their interactions and performance on the eye. Traditional methods, however, are rudimentary. Therefore, this study presents a novel in vitro model to evaluate CLs, which consequently will enhance elucidations of the interactions between CLs and the eye.

AirPEx: Air Pollution Exposure Model

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Freijer JI; Bloemen HJTh; Loos S de; Marra M; Rombout PJA; Steentjes GM; Veen MP van; LBO

1997-01-01

Analysis of inhalatory exposure to air pollution is an important area of investigation when assessing the risks of air pollution for human health. Inhalatory exposure research focuses on the exposure of humans to air pollutants and the entry of these pollutants into the human respiratory tract. The

Physicochemical stability of carfilzomib (Kyprolis®) containing solutions in glass vials, ready-to-administer plastic syringes and infusion bags over a 28-day storage period.

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, Sun Hee; Krämer, Irene

2017-01-01

Centralized aseptic preparation of ready-to-administer carfilzomib containing parenteral solutions in plastic syringes and polyolefine (PO) infusion bags needs profound knowledge about the physicochemical stability in order to determine the beyond-use-date of the preparations. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the physicochemical stability of carfilzomib solution marketed as Kyprolis® powder for solution for infusion. Reconstituted solutions and ready-to-administer preparations of Kyprolis® stored under refrigeration (2-8℃) or at room temperature (25℃) were analyzed at predetermined intervals over a maximum storage period of 28 days. Chemical stability of carfilzomib was planned to be determined with a stability-indicating reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography assay. Physicochemical stability was planned to be determined by visual inspection of clarity and color as well as pH measurement. The study results show that reconstituted carfilzomib containing parenteral solutions are stable in glass vials as well as diluted solutions in plastic syringes and PO infusion bags over a period of at least 28 days when stored light protected under refrigeration. When stored at room temperature, reconstituted and diluted carfilzomib solutions are physicochemically stable over 14 days and 10 days, respectively. The physicochemical stability of carfilzomib infusion solutions allows cost-saving pharmacy-based centralized preparation of ready-to-administer preparations.

Air Research

Science.gov (United States)

EPA's air research provides the critical science to develop and implement outdoor air regulations under the Clean Air Act and puts new tools and information in the hands of air quality managers and regulators to protect the air we breathe.

Diversidade e potencial biotecnólogico de fungos filamentosos isolados do manguezal Barra das Jangadas, Jaboatão dos Guararapes, Pernambuco

OpenAIRE

Neto Ferreira Gomes, Daniela

2007-01-01

Fungos filamentosos de sedimento do manguezal Barra das Jangadas, foram isolados e identificados com objetivo de proceder a caracterização enzimática. Foram coletadas amostras de sedimento do manguezal Barra das Jangadas nos meses de março e abril/2004 e outubro/2005 (período de estiagem); junho e julho/2004 e julho/2005 (período chuvoso). As coletas foram realizadas em quatro pontos em manguezais do estuário formado pelos rios Jaboatão e Pirapama, perfazendo um total de 24 ...

Remineralização da matéria orgânica sedimentar em resposta à simulação de processos oceanográficos

OpenAIRE

Ana Carolina Godoi

2013-01-01

Os sedimentos marinhos são receptores finais de vários compostos da coluna de água, possuindo uma participação ativa nos ciclos biogeoquímicos. Comunidades microbianas possuem um papel crucial nestes ciclos, sendo responsáveis por grande parte da remineralização da matéria orgânica em sedimentos superficiais. Foram realizados dois experimentos com simulações de processos oceanográficos em microcosmos: Enriquecimento Orgânico, testando a diferença entre a chegada de fitoflagelados e diatomácea...

ESTUDO GEOAMBIENTAL DAS CONCENTRAÇÕES DE HIDROCARBONETOS DE PETRÓLEO (POLICÍCLICOS AROMÁTICOS – HPAs) AO LONGO DO RIO ESTRELA, BAÍA DE GUANABARA – RJ

OpenAIRE

Carlos Marclei Arruda Rangel; José Antônio Baptista Neto; Estefan Monteiro da Fonseca

2013-01-01

DOI 10.12957/tamoios.2012.5083RESUMO Neste estudo, análises geoquímicas de dez amostras de sedimentos coletados ao longo do sistema fluvial do Rio Estrela, localizado ao norte da Baía de Guanabara, evidenciam a presença de impactos antropogênicos nesta área. As concentrações de hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (HPAs) obtidas mostraram-se ligeiramente elevadas, quando comparadas com valores encontrados em ambientes naturais. Os HPAs foram analisados nos sedimentos ao longo da bacia do R...

Resin 90Y microsphere activity measurements for liver brachytherapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dezarn, William A.; Kennedy, Andrew S.

2007-01-01

The measurement of the radioactivity administered to the patient is one of the major components of 90 Y microsphere liver brachytherapy. The activity of 90 Y microspheres in a glass delivery vial was measured in a dose calibrator. The calibration value to use for 90 Y in the dose calibrator was verified using an activity calibration standard provided by the microsphere manufacturer. This method allowed for the determination of a consistent, reproducible local activity standard. Additional measurements were made to determine some of the factors that could affect activity measurement. The axial response of the dose calibrator was determined by the ratio of activity measurements at the bottom and center of the dose calibrator. The axial response was 0.964 for a glass shipping vial, 1.001 for a glass V-vial, and 0.988 for a polycarbonate V-vial. Comparisons between activity measurements in the dose calibrator and those using a radiation survey meter were found to agree within 10%. It was determined that the dose calibrator method was superior to the survey meter method because the former allowed better defined measurement geometry and traceability of the activity standard back to the manufacturer. Part of the preparation of resin 90 Y microspheres for patient delivery is to draw out a predetermined activity from a shipping vial and place it into a V-vial for delivery to the patient. If the drawn activity was placed in a glass V-vial, the activity measured in the dose calibrator with a glass V-vial was 4% higher than the drawn activity from the shipping vial standard. If the drawn activity was placed in a polycarbonate V-vial, the activity measured in the dose calibrator with a polycarbonate V-vial activity was 20% higher than the drawn activity from the shipping vial standard. Careful characterization of the local activity measurement standard is recommended instead of simply accepting the calibration value of the dose calibrator manufacturer

Temporal analysis of the connectivity and potential transport capacity of sediments in semiarid meso-basin, CE, Brazil. = Análise temporal da conectividade e da capacidade de transporte potencial de sedimentos em meso-bacia semiárida, CE, Brasil.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Wellington Batista Lopes

2013-08-01

Full Text Available The transfer of energy and matter between two topographic units comprise the connectivity process. The identification of the connectivity patterns in the catchments allow to represent the linking degree between sediment producing areas and network drainage. The aim of this study was to evaluate spatial and temporal connectivity and estimate the potential capacity of sediment transport on a meso-semiarid Basin. The study area comprises the Representative Madalena Basin (RMB with area 124 km², located at federal state from Ceara, Brazil. The assessing the connectivity was done by using the quantitative index. The determination of peak discharge was by the method NRCS (Natural Resouces Conservation Service and the transport capacity (CT, t ha-1 yr-1 was calculated by the method of Morgan (2001. The results showed that: the connectivity potential index was not linearity, but a possible spatial distribution pattern of alternating between producing and receiving areas. The use and occupation of land is determinant in the spatial variation of peak flows; transportation capacity concerns associated with potential connectivity provides best estimates of erosion in the basin; in both models used, the use and occupation of soil was crucial in the results. = A transferência de energia e matéria entre duas unidades topográficas compreende o processo deconectividade. A identificação dos padrões de conectividade em uma bacia hidrográfica permite representar o grau de ligação entre áreas produtoras de sedimentos e a rede de drenagem. Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa analisar a conectividade espaço-temporal e estimar a capacidade potencial de transporte de sedimentos em uma meso-baciasemiárida. A área foco do estudo compreende a Bacia Representativa de Madalena (BRM com área de 124 km², localizada no Estado do Ceará, Brasil. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: conectividade, o pico de descarga e a capacidade de transporte de escoamento da

Air-cooled, hydrogen-air fuel cell

Science.gov (United States)

Shelekhin, Alexander B. (Inventor); Bushnell, Calvin L. (Inventor); Pien, Michael S. (Inventor)

1999-01-01

An air-cooled, hydrogen-air solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) fuel cell with a membrane electrode assembly operatively associated with a fluid flow plate having at least one plate cooling channel extending through the plate and at least one air distribution hole extending from a surface of the cathode flow field into the plate cooling channel.

An experimental evaluation on air purification performance of Clean-Air Heat Pump (CAHP) air cleaner

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sheng, Ying; Fang, Lei; Sun, Yuexia

2018-01-01

was 96.8%, which indicated that the most of gaseous pollutants were not accumulated in the CAHP. The regeneration temperature for the wheel could affect the air purification performance of CAHP. At 70 °C of regeneration temperature, the air-cleaning efficiency reached 96.7%. Up to 70% of the outdoor air......The escalation of energy consumption in buildings and heightened concerns about acceptable indoor air quality stimulate interest in the usage of air cleaner as an adjunct for indoor environmental conditioning. A regenerative desiccant wheel integrated into a ventilation system termed Clean-Air Heat...... Pump (CAHP) can improve the air quality during the process of dehumidification without using additional energy. An experimental study in a field lab was performed to investigate the air cleaning performance of CAHP. Photoacoustic gas analyzer-INNOVA was used to characterize chemical removal of indoor...

AirData

Data.gov (United States)

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency — The AirData site provides access to yearly summaries of United States air pollution data, taken from EPA's air pollution databases. AirData has information about...

SISTEMA ADAPTATIVO DE CONTROL Y OPTIMIZACIÓN DEL TRÁFICO DE UN CORREDOR VIAL SEMAFORIZADO. APLICACIÓN A LA CIUDAD DE MEDELLÍN

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

MARGARITA JIMÉNEZ

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Son tres los aspectos fundamentales a tener en cuenta en el diseño de un sistema de control adaptativo. El primer aspecto está vinculado con la naturaleza del fenómeno vehicular. Éste, lejos está de poder ser enfocado desde la perspectiva de un modelo determinista. El segundo aspecto, es inherente con una realidad física; teniendo en cuenta que las redes viales, cualesquiera sea su diseño y/o constitución, soportan un flujo vehicular máximo y una densidad máxima definida por sus dimensiones, número de carriles y condiciones del tráfico. Todo prueba, que por más perfeccionado que resulte el sistema, no es posible mejorar el rendimiento del flujo vehicular por unidad de tiempo, más allá de las limitaciones físicas impuestas por el diseño de la vía y las normas de circulación. De otro lado, los costos iníciales de inversión más los costos de operación y los costos externos relacionados con la eficiencia en el flujo de tráfico constituyen un tercer factor a tener en cuenta como consecuencia de los dos anteriores. Así mismo, la magnitud del costo dependerá en gran parte del grado de inteligencia que se asigne sobre la estrategia a implementar, de la tecnología a utilizar en la detección y del sistema de comunicaciones.

Direct visualization of solute locations in laboratory ice samples

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

T. Hullar

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Many important chemical reactions occur in polar snow, where solutes may be present in several reservoirs, including at the air–ice interface and in liquid-like regions within the ice matrix. Some recent laboratory studies suggest chemical reaction rates may differ in these two reservoirs. While investigations have examined where solutes are found in natural snow and ice, few studies have examined either solute locations in laboratory samples or the possible factors controlling solute segregation. To address this, we used micro-computed tomography (microCT to examine solute locations in ice samples prepared from either aqueous cesium chloride (CsCl or rose bengal solutions that were frozen using several different methods. Samples frozen in a laboratory freezer had the largest liquid-like inclusions and air bubbles, while samples frozen in a custom freeze chamber had somewhat smaller air bubbles and inclusions; in contrast, samples frozen in liquid nitrogen showed much smaller concentrated inclusions and air bubbles, only slightly larger than the resolution limit of our images (∼ 2 µm. Freezing solutions in plastic vs. glass vials had significant impacts on the sample structure, perhaps because the poor heat conductivity of plastic vials changes how heat is removed from the sample as it cools. Similarly, the choice of solute had a significant impact on sample structure, with rose bengal solutions yielding smaller inclusions and air bubbles compared to CsCl solutions frozen using the same method. Additional experiments using higher-resolution imaging of an ice sample show that CsCl moves in a thermal gradient, supporting the idea that the solutes in ice are present in mobile liquid-like regions. Our work shows that the structure of laboratory ice samples, including the location of solutes, is sensitive to the freezing method, sample container, and solute characteristics, requiring careful experimental design and interpretation of results.

Tritium monitor calibration at Los Alamos National Laboratory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bjork, C.J.; Aikin, D.J.; Houlton, T.W.

1997-08-01

Tritium in air is monitored at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) with air breathing instruments based on ionization chambers. Stack emissions are continuously monitored from sample tubes which each connect to a Tritium bubble which differentially collects HTO and HT. A set of glass vials of glycol capture the HTO. The HT is oxidized with a palladium catalyst and the resultant HTO is captured in a second set of vials of glycol. The glycol is counted with a liquid scintillation counter. All calibrations are performed with tritium containing gas. The Radiation Instrumentation and Calibration (RIC) Team has constructed and maintains two closed loop gas handling systems based on femto TECH model U24 tritium ion chamber monitors: a fixed system housed in a fume hood and a portable system mounted on two two wheeled hand trucks. The U24 monitors are calibrated against tritium in nitrogen gas standards. They are used as standard transfer instruments to calibrate other ion chamber monitors with tritium in nitrogen, diluted with air. The gas handling systems include a circulation pump which permits a closed circulation loop to be established among the U24 monitor and typically two to four other monitors of a given model during calibration. Fixed and portable monitors can be calibrated. The stack bubblers are calibrated in the field by: blending a known concentration of tritium in air within the known volume of the two portable carts, coupled into a common loop; releasing that gas mixture into a ventilation intake to the stack; collecting oxidized tritium in the bubbler; counting the glycol; and using the stack and bubbler flow rates, computing the bubbler's efficiency. Gas calibration has become a convenient and quality tool in maintaining the tritium monitors at LANL

Investigation of the effect of power ultrasound on the nucleation of water during freezing of agar gel samples in tubing vials.

Science.gov (United States)

Kiani, Hossein; Sun, Da-Wen; Delgado, Adriana; Zhang, Zhihang

2012-05-01

Nucleation, as an important stage of freezing process, can be induced by the irradiation of power ultrasound. In this study, the effect of irradiation temperature (-2 °C, -3 °C, -4 °C and -5 °C), irradiation duration (0s, 1s, 3s, 5s, 10s or 15s) and ultrasound intensity (0.07 W cm(-2), 0.14 W cm(-2), 0.25 W cm(-2), 0.35 W cm(-2) and 0.42 W cm(-2)) on the dynamic nucleation of ice in agar gel samples was studied. The samples were frozen in an ethylene glycol-water mixture (-20 °C) in an ultrasonic bath system after putting them into tubing vials. Results indicated that ultrasound irradiation is able to initiate nucleation at different supercooled temperatures (from -5 °C to -2 °C) in agar gel if optimum intensity and duration of ultrasound were chosen. Evaluation of the effect of 0.25 W cm(-2) ultrasound intensity and different durations of ultrasound application on agar gels showed that 1s was not long enough to induce nucleation, 3s induced the nucleation repeatedly but longer irradiation durations resulted in the generation of heat and therefore nucleation was postponed. Investigation of the effect of ultrasound intensity revealed that higher intensities of ultrasound were effective when a shorter period of irradiation was used, while lower intensities only resulted in nucleation when a longer irradiation time was applied. In addition to this, higher intensities were not effective at longer irradiation times due to the heat generated in the samples by the heating effect of ultrasound. In conclusion, the use of ultrasound as a means to control the crystallization process offers promising application in freezing of solid foods, however, optimum conditions should be selected. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Medición de la concentración de sedimentos en suspensión mediante dispositivos ópticos y acústicos: aplicación en sistemas tropicales (Delta del río Mira, Colombia Measurement of suspended sediment concentration using optical and acoustic devices: application in tropical systems (Mira River Delta, Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan Camilo Restrepo

2012-03-01

Full Text Available En los últimos años, la utilización de dispositivos ópticos (e.g. Optical Backscatter Sensor, OBS y acústicos (e.g. Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler-ADCP ha permitido monitorear con mayor resolución la variabilidad temporal y espacial de la concentración de sedimentos en suspensión (CSS en ambientes costeros y estuarinos. Sin embargo, la aplicación de estas técnicas en ambientes tropicales ha tenido un desarrollo incipiente. En el presente trabajo se implementó un procedimiento de calibración para un dispositivo OBS-3A, tomando como patrón de calibración sedimento seco y desagregado de la zona de estudio. Además, se presentan las correcciones a las que se debe someter la señal de respuesta del ADCP, debido a la dispersión geométrica, la atenuación del sonido por el agua y las partículas en suspensión, para que sea útil en la estimación de CSS. El ADCP y el OBS-3A se utilizaron para realizar mediciones de CSS en el sistema deltaico del río Mira (isla del Morro y desembocadura principal, ubicado sobre la costa del Pacífico colombiano, un ambiente costero tropical donde algunos factores oceanográficos y estuarinos son determinantes en la señal de respuesta de los equipos.In recent years, the use of optical (Optical Backscatter Sensor, OBS and acoustic (Acoustic Current Doppler Profiler, ADCP instruments has allowed monitoring the temporal and spatial variation of the suspended sediment concentration (SSC in coastal and estuarine environments with greater resolution. However, the development of the application of those techniques in tropical environments is incipient. For this study, an OBS-3A calibration procedure was implemented, taking dry and desegregated sediment from the study zone as a calibrating pattern. Moreover, we present the corrections required for the ADCP signal to be useful in the estimation of SSC due to geometrical spreading, the attenuation of sound by water, and the particles in suspension. The ADCP

Can a Clean-Air Heat Pump (CAHP) maintain air purification capability when using polluted air for regeneration?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sheng, Ying; Fang, Lei

2018-01-01

Clean Air Heat Pump (CAHP) was one type of rotary desiccant cooling system which combined a silica gel rotor with a heat pump to achieve air cleaning, dehumidifying and cooling in buildings. Using exhaust air from the conditioned room for regeneration of the silica gel rotor might have an advantage...... on reducing the regeneration air temperature and further improving the energy performance of the CAHP. However, the exhaust air carried a lot of indoor air pollutants. Whether using exhaust air for the regeneration of the silica gel rotor had an impact on the air cleaning performance of the CAHP...... was experimentally studied. The results showed that using the air contained acetone or toluene for regeneration reduced the pollutants removal capability of CAHP with a reduction of approx. 10% in air cleaning efficiency. The energy performance of the CAHP when using exhaust air for regeneration was also evaluated...

FONTES E TRANSPORTE DE METAIS PESADOS PARA ENSEADA DE JURUJUBA (BAIA DE GUANABARA RJ - BRASIL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Antônio Baptista Neto

2005-12-01

Full Text Available As fontes de sedimentos e metais pesados para um estuário urbanizado são complexas e difusas. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo acessar as principais fontes de metais pesados para a enseada de Jurujuba (RJ. Analisaram- se as concentrações dos elementos Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn e Fe, em amostras de solo, rios e escoamento superficial urbano, bem como sedimentos de marinas. Apesar de se poderem distinguir as fontes naturais das antrópicas de metais pesados para a Enseada de Jurujuba, é evidente que os processos de urbanização são os principais responsáveis pelas maiores concentrações de metais pesados para a enseada, através de rios e escoamento superficial urbano. No entanto, não se podem desprezar a deposição atmosférica e as atividades náuticas como importantes fontes de poluição.Palavras-chave: fontes de sedimentos, poluição de metais pesados, Enseada de Jurujuba, processo de urbanização.

Air Pollution

Science.gov (United States)

Air pollution is a mixture of solid particles and gases in the air. Car emissions, chemicals from factories, ... Ozone, a gas, is a major part of air pollution in cities. When ozone forms air pollution, it's ...

Sistemas de manejo de solo e perdas de nutrientes e matéria orgânica por erosão

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

L. C. Hernani

1999-03-01

Full Text Available Perdas de nutrientes e matéria orgânica por erosão hídrica são fortemente influenciadas pelo manejo do solo. O uso de sistema de manejo inadequado pode causar poluição e eutroficação de mananciais, aumentar os custos com adubação e provocar a degradação de agroecossistemas. As perdas de cálcio, magnésio e potássio trocáveis e solúveis, fósforo disponível e matéria orgânica por erosão foram avaliadas, entre 1988 e 1994, em Latossolo Roxo álico epieutrófico muito argiloso, com 0,03 m m-1 de declividade, em Dourados (MS, sob condições de chuva natural, em diferentes sistemas de manejo do solo. Os tratamentos, aplicados na sucessão trigo-soja, foram: (a escarificação + gradagem niveladora, (b gradagem pesada + niveladora; (c plantio direto, e (d aração com arado de discos + duas gradagens niveladoras, sem cobertura vegetal. A enxurrada foi coletada diariamente e, em laboratório, separou-se o sobrenadante (solução do sedimento. O Ca2+, o Mg2+, o K+ e o P disponível foram determinados tanto na solução quanto no sedimento, e a matéria orgânica apenas no sedimento. Concentrações de Ca2+ e Mg2+ foram mais elevadas na solução, enquanto as de P e K+ foram maiores no sedimento. O plantio direto proporcionou a maior concentração média de P no sedimento entre os sistemas estudados; além disso, também resultou em maiores concentrações de Ca2+ em solução e taxa de enriquecimento em P no sedimento, em relação aos sistemas que envolveram preparo e cultivo de trigo-soja. Entretanto, o plantio direto foi o sistema mais eficaz no controle da erosão, perdendo as menores quantidades totais de nutrientes e de matéria orgânica. Dos sistemas que envolveram o cultivo da sucessão trigo-soja, o de gradagens (pesada + niveladora foi o menos eficaz, ficando o sistema de escarificação + gradagem niveladora em posição intermediária. Comparado ao plantio direto, o tratamento com gradagens perdeu cerca de 6,5 vezes

Reduced energy reqirement for air conditioning by using air diffusion with air flow from floor to ceiling

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bach, H; Dittes, W; Mangelsdorf, R; Detzer, R; Jungbaeck, E; Fitzner, K; Radtke, W; Soethout, F

1982-02-01

The condition of the air in the occupied zone in airconditioned rooms is influenced by the mixing of supply air with room air. When supplying air from the ceiling there is a mixing all over the room, when supplying from the floor or from desks there is a mixing region only in the lower area. Above this their is warm air from which the return air is drawn. For air supply from below the cooling load can be decreased. In combination with the possible enthalpy difference between room air and supply air this decrease of the cooling load influences the necessary air rate. The interdependence of various air conditioning systems and various air temperatures is shown with a computer program. The load factor for various air distribution system at various cooling loads have been measured in a room of (8 x 5)m/sup 2/ x 3m. Experiments in a smaller model room (scale 1:3) showed how the heat was transported from the mixing region to the stratification region. The theoretically gained influence of the supply air jets of the height of the mixing region and on the load rate could be verified by the experiments. For the design of the fresh air rate, experience has been gained by measurements with tracegas (N/sub 2/O) in a third room. In comparing calculations the annual energy consumption has been computed for a building assuming various air conditioning systems and typical operation data. From experience with the existing systems the conclusions have been drawn how air distribution from floor to ceiling can be installed and operated.

Air Pollution Monitoring | Air Quality Planning & Standards ...

Science.gov (United States)

2016-06-08

The basic mission of the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards is to preserve and improve the quality of our nation's air. To accomplish this, OAQPS must be able to evaluate the status of the atmosphere as compared to clean air standards and historical information.

Reversible a-Fe2O3 to Fe3O4 transformation during ball milling

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Linderoth, Søren; Jiang, Jianzhong; Mørup, Steen

1997-01-01

The transformation of hematite to magnetite by high-energy ball milling in a sealed container has been studied by Mossbauer spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction. Mechanisms for this transformation are critically discussed. The dominant mechanism is concluded to be due to bond breaking during the high...... energy ball milling followed by release of the oxygen from the vial. The reverse transformation, magnetite to hematite, is demonstrated to occur by ball milling in air. Mechanisms for this reverse transformation are also put forward....

Sedimentologia e estratigrafia dos turbiditos lacustres da Formação Candeias no nordeste da Bacia do Recôncavo, Bahia

OpenAIRE

Aglaia Trindade Brandão

2015-01-01

A Formação Candeias (PACK & ALMEIDA, 1945) pertencente ao Grupo Santo Amaro, consiste em arenitos e folhelhos do período Cretáceo e corresponde aos primeiros depósitos da abertura plena do rifte da Bacia do Recôncavo. A idade destes sedimentos varia do Berriasiano médio ao Valanginiano inferior (~143M. a.), com uma amplitude temporal de 4,5 M.a. e uma espessura média de 1000 m. Localiza-se no andar Rio da Serra, e os sedimentos são interpretados como lacustres e depósitos de corrente de turbi...

Mobilidade sedimentar da plataforma continental do Estado de São Paulo em função da propagação de ondas

OpenAIRE

Carlos Koji Yokoyama

2013-01-01

O presente trabalho visa avaliar a mobilidade de sedimentos na plataforma continental do Estado de São Paulo levando em conta a propagação de ondas e o tipo de sedimento. Com base no clima de ondas da região, resultante do modelo global de ondas WAVEWATCH-III, o modelo MIKE-21 (SW) foi aplicado para avaliar os processos de transformação de ondas a medida em que elas avançam sobre a plataforma continental. As ondas predominantes são as de sul com 36% e leste com 34%, variando de 1 a 2,5 metros...

Determinação de mercúrio total em amostras de água, sedimento e sólidos em suspensão de corpos aquáticos por espectrofotometria de absorção atômica com gerador de vapor a frio Determination of total mercury in water, sediments and solids in suspension in aquatic systems by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José L. F. Vieira

1996-06-01

Full Text Available O emprego de mercúrio metálico nos processos de extração do ouro libera toneladas de mercúrio ao meio ambiente, provocando um aumento considerável nas concentrações presentes. Com a finalidade de prevenir a exposição humana a concentrações excessivas, o que poderá resultar em graves episódios de intoxicação mercurial, bem como avaliar a possibilidade de sedimentos tornarem-se fontes potenciais de contaminação para os seres vivos, é de fundamental importância a monitorização do mercúrio em diversos compartimentos ambientais. Efetuou-se a padronização de uma metodologia analítica para determinação de mercúrio total em amostras de água, sólidos em suspensão e sedimentos de corpos aquáticos para monitorização ambiental do xenobiótico. Posteriormente, foram analisadas amostras oriundas de regiões garimpeiras, com vistas a avaliar o desempenho do método em amostras reais e efetuar levantamento preliminar sobre a contaminação mercurial na área de estudo.The use of metallic mercury in the extraction and concentration of gold causes the discarding of tons of this metal in the environment, leading to a considerable increase in the natural levels of the same and the contamination of the surrounding areas. Thus it is extremely important to monitor the presence of this metal in various sectors of the environment with a view aiming to previnting human exposure to excessive concentrations which can result in serious episodes of mercury poisoning. It is also important to estimate the possibility of river sediments becoming potential sources of contamination of human beings. The determination of total mercury was undertaken by using cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry. River waters, as well as sediments and suspended solids were used as samples for the standardization of the analytical procedure. Later on, this method was tested on samples originating in gold mining areas for the purpose of assessing its validity.

SU-E-I-79: Source Geometry Dependence of Gamma Well-Counter Measurements

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Park, M; Belanger, A; Kijewski, M [Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (United States)

2015-06-15

Purpose: To determine the effect of liquid sample volume and geometry on counting efficiency in a gamma well-counter, and to assess the relative contributions of sample geometry and self-attenuation. Gamma wellcounters are standard equipment in clinical and preclinical studies, for measuring patient blood radioactivity and quantifying animal tissue uptake for tracer development and other purposes. Accurate measurements are crucial. Methods: Count rates were measured for aqueous solutions of 99m- Tc at four liquid volume values in a 1-cm-diam tube and at six volume values in a 2.2-cm-diam vial. Total activity was constant for all volumes, and data were corrected for decay. Count rates from a point source in air, supported by a filter paper, were measured at seven heights between 1.3 and 5.7 cm from the bottom of a tube. Results: Sample volume effects were larger for the tube than for the vial. For the tube, count efficiency relative to a 1-cc volume ranged from 1.05 at 0.05 cc to 0.84 at 3 cc. For the vial, relative count efficiency ranged from 1.02 at 0.05 cc to 0.87 at 15 cc. For the point source, count efficiency relative to 1.3 cm from the tube bottom ranged from 0.98 at 1.8 cm to 0.34 at 5.7 cm. The relative efficiency of a 3-cc liquid sample in a tube compared to a 1-cc sample is 0.84; the average relative efficiency for the solid sample in air between heights in the tube corresponding to the surfaces of those volumes (1.3 and 4.8 cm) is 0.81, implying that the major contribution to efficiency loss is geometry, rather than attenuation. Conclusion: Volume-dependent correction factors should be used for accurate quantitation radioactive of liquid samples. Solid samples should be positioned at the bottom of the tube for maximum count efficiency.

30 CFR 75.1730 - Compressed air; general; compressed air systems.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Compressed air; general; compressed air systems... Compressed air; general; compressed air systems. (a) All pressure vessels shall be constructed, installed... Safety and Health district office. (b) Compressors and compressed-air receivers shall be equipped with...

Metal-air batteries with high energy density: Li-air versus Zn-air

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lee, Jang-Soo; Sun, Tai Kim; Cao, Ruiguo; Choi, Nam-Soon; Lee, Kyu Tae; Cho, Jaephil [Interdisciplinary School of Green Energy, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan (Korea, Republic of); Liu, Meilin [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States)

2011-01-01

In the past decade, there have been exciting developments in the field of lithium ion batteries as energy storage devices, resulting in the application of lithium ion batteries in areas ranging from small portable electric devices to large power systems such as hybrid electric vehicles. However, the maximum energy density of current lithium ion batteries having topatactic chemistry is not sufficient to meet the demands of new markets in such areas as electric vehicles. Therefore, new electrochemical systems with higher energy densities are being sought, and metal-air batteries with conversion chemistry are considered a promising candidate. More recently, promising electrochemical performance has driven much research interest in Li-air and Zn-air batteries. This review provides an overview of the fundamentals and recent progress in the area of Li-air and Zn-air batteries, with the aim of providing a better understanding of the new electrochemical systems. (Copyright copyright 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Nitrogen fluorescence in air for observing extensive air showers

CERN Document Server

Keilhauer, B; Fraga, M; Matthews, J; Sakaki, N; Tameda, Y; Tsunesada, Y; Ulrich, A

2012-01-01

Extensive air showers initiate the fluorescence emissions from nitrogen molecules in air. The UV-light is emitted isotropically and can be used for observing the longitudinal development of extensive air showers in the atmosphere over tenth of kilometers. This measurement technique is well-established since it is exploited for many decades by several cosmic ray experiments. However, a fundamental aspect of the air shower analyses is the description of the fluorescence emission in dependence on varying atmospheric conditions. Different fluorescence yields affect directly the energy scaling of air shower reconstruction. In order to explore the various details of the nitrogen fluorescence emission in air, a few experimental groups have been performing dedicated measurements over the last decade. Most of the measurements are now finished. These experimental groups have been discussing their techniques and results in a series of \\emph{Air Fluorescence Workshops} commenced in 2002. At the 8$^{\\rm{th}}$ Air Fluoresc...

Palinomorfos e partículas de carvões nos sedimentos holocênicos na região do alto rio Paraná e sua aplicação nas reconstruções paleoambientais e paleoclimáticas = Palynomorphs and charcoal particles in Holocene sediments of the upper Paraná river area: paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic reconstruction

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Svetlana Medeanik

2008-10-01

Full Text Available Foram analisadas as amostras de dois perfis num horizonte de paleossolo da planície de inundação do rio Paraná, sendo processada uma datação pelo método 14C na profundidade de 1,95 m, atingindo idade de 1.700 ± 70 anos AP. Foram avaliados pólen e esporos de plantas terrestres juntamente com as partículas de carvão. Dois estágios, no desenvolvimento paleoambiental, foram estabelecidos com respeito ao desenvolvimento da vegetação. Um estágio mais antigo é caracterizado pela distribuição limitada das florestas ripárias e predomínio de campo nas condições de clima mais seco. Quantidade notável de partículas de carvão encontradas nas amostras deste estágio sugere ocorrência de queimadas locais ou regionais durante um clima seco. No estágio mais novo, a expansão das ripárias emresposta ao aumento das precipitações atmosféricas ocorreu. Pólen de plantas cultivadas, daninhas e invasoras, encontrado nos sedimentos, indica o desenvolvimento da agricultura neste estágio. Maior freqüência de partículas de carvão em mesmos sedimentos provavelmenteindique ocorrência de queimadas locais associadas ao desmatamento da região. The samples from two profiles of flood plain deposits of the Paraná River were studied. One sample at the depth of 1.95 m was dated by 14C as 1,700 ± 70 yr BP. Palynological data and charcoal particles were obtained from fluvial sediments and paleosoil. Two principal stages in paleoenvironmental development were established. The early stage is characterized by the limited distribution of riparian forests and predominance of mesophyllous grassland under a condition of relatively dry climate. The deposition of charcoal particles in such predominant quantity was the result of local or regional burns.During the more recent stage, a natural enlargement of riparian forests occurred in conjunction with an increase in rainfall. Land use of that region may be confirmed by relatively frequent presence of

[Microbial air purity in hospitals. Operating theatres with air conditioning system].

Science.gov (United States)

Krogulski, Adam; Szczotko, Maciej

2010-01-01

The aim of this study was to show the influence of air conditioning control for microbial contamination of air inside the operating theatres equipped with correctly working air-conditioning system. This work was based on the results of bacteria and fungi concentration in hospital air obtained since 2001. Assays of microbial air purity conducted on atmospheric air in parallel with indoor air demonstrated that air filters applied in air-conditioning systems worked correctly in every case. To show the problem of fluctuation of bacteria concentration more precisely, every sequences of single results from successive measure series were examined independently.

AIRS-only Product on Giovanni for Exploring Up-to-date AIRS Observation and Comparing with AIRS+AMSU Product

Science.gov (United States)

Ding, F.; Hearty, T. J., III; Theobald, M.; Vollmer, B.; Wei, J.

2017-12-01

The NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC) has been the home of processing, archiving, and distribution services for the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) mission since its launch in 2002 for the global observations of the atmospheric state. Giovanni, a web-based application developed by the GES DISC, provides a simple and intuitive way to visualize, analyze, and access vast amounts of Earth science remote sensing data without having to download the data. Most important variables, including temperature and humidity profiles, outgoing longwave radiation, cloud properties, and trace gases, from version 6 AIRS product are available on Giovanni. The AIRS is an instrument suite comprised of a hyperspectral infrared instrument AIRS and two multichannel microwave instruments, the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) and the Humidity Sounder for Brazil (HSB). As the HSB ceased operation in very early stage of AIRS mission, the AIRS project operates two parallel retrieval algorithms: one using both IR and MW measurements (AIRS+AMSU) and the other using only IR measurements (AIRS-only) for the most time of the mission. The AIRS+AMSU product is better and the variables on Giovanni are from it. However, the generation of AIRS+AMSU product has been suspended since the AMSU instrument anomaly occurred in late 2016. To continue exploring up-to-date AIRS observations, the same set of variables from the AIRS-only product are added on Giovanni by the GES DSIC. This will also support the comparison of AIRS-only with AIRS+AMSU retrievals. In the presentation, we will demonstrate the visualization of AIRS-only product and the plots/statistics of comparison with AIRS+AMSU product using Giovanni.

A new air quality monitoring and early warning system: Air quality assessment and air pollutant concentration prediction.

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Zhongshan; Wang, Jian

2017-10-01

Air pollution in many countries is worsening with industrialization and urbanization, resulting in climate change and affecting people's health, thus, making the work of policymakers more difficult. It is therefore both urgent and necessary to establish amore scientific air quality monitoring and early warning system to evaluate the degree of air pollution objectively, and predict pollutant concentrations accurately. However, the integration of air quality assessment and air pollutant concentration prediction to establish an air quality system is not common. In this paper, we propose a new air quality monitoring and early warning system, including an assessment module and forecasting module. In the air quality assessment module, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is used to determine the main pollutants and evaluate the degree of air pollution more scientifically. In the air pollutant concentration prediction module, a novel hybridization model combining complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition, a modified cuckoo search and differential evolution algorithm, and an Elman neural network, is proposed to improve the forecasting accuracy of six main air pollutant concentrations. To verify the effectiveness of this system, pollutant data for two cities in China are used. The result of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation shows that the major air pollutants in Xi'an and Jinan are PM 10 and PM 2.5 respectively, and that the air quality of Xi'an is better than that of Jinan. The forecasting results indicate that the proposed hybrid model is remarkably superior to all benchmark models on account of its higher prediction accuracy and stability. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Indoor air quality investigation at air-conditioned and non-air-conditioned markets in Hong Kong

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Guo, H.; Lee, S.C.; Chan, L.Y.

2004-01-01

To characterize indoor air quality at the markets in Hong Kong, three non-air-conditioned and two air-conditioned markets were selected for this study. The indoor air pollutants measured included PM 10 (particulate matters with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm), total bacteria count (TBC), carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ). The indoor and outdoor concentrations of these target air pollutants at these markets were measured and compared. The effects of air conditioning, temperature/relative humidity variation and different stalls on the indoor air quality were also investigated. The results indicated that all of the average indoor concentrations of PM 10 , TBC, CO and NO 2 at the markets were below the Hong Kong Indoor Air Quality Objectives (HKIAQO) standards with a few exceptions for PM 10 and TBC. The elevated PM 10 concentrations at Hung Hom, Ngau Tau Kok and Wan Chai markets were probably due to the air filtration of outdoor airborne particulates emitted from vehicular exhaust, whereas high concentrations of airborne bacteria at Sai Ying Pun and Tin Shing markets were linked to the use of air conditioning. Correlation analysis demonstrated that indoor bacteria concentrations were correlated with temperature and relative humidity. The operation of air conditioning did not significantly reduce the levels of air pollutants at the markets. However, the higher indoor/outdoor ratios demonstrated that the operation of air conditioning had influence on the levels of bacteria at the markets. It was found that average PM 10 concentration at poultry stalls was higher than the HKIAQO standard of 180 μg/m 3 , and was over two times that measured at vegetable, fish and meat stalls. Furthermore, the concentration of airborne bacteria at the poultry stalls was as high as 1031 CFU/m 3 , which was above the HKIAQO standard of 1000 CFU/m 3 . The bacteria levels at other three stalls were all below the HKIAQO standard

Pure Air`s Bailly scrubber: A four-year retrospective

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Manavi, G.B.; Vymazal, D.C. [Pure Air, Allentown, PA (United States); Sarkus, T.A. [Dept. of Energy, Pittsburgh, PA (United States)

1997-12-31

Pure Air`s Advanced Flue Gas Desulfurization (AFGD) Clean Coal Project has completed four highly successful years of operation at NIPSCO`s Bailly Station. As part of their program, Pure Air has concluded a six-part study of system performance. This paper summarizes the results of the demonstration program, including AFGD performance on coals ranging from 2.0--2.4% sulfur. The paper highlights novel aspects of the Bailly facility, including pulverized limestone injection, air rotary sparger for oxidation, wastewater evaporation system and the production of PowerChip{reg_sign} gypsum. Operations and maintenance which have led to the facility`s notable 99.47% availability record are also discussed. A project company, Pure Air on the Lake Limited Partnership, owns the AFGD facility. Pure Air was the turn key contractor and Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. is the operator of the AFGD system.

Heat Recovery Ventilation for Housing: Air-to-Air Heat Exchangers.

Science.gov (United States)

Corbett, Robert J.; Miller, Barbara

The air-to-air heat exchanger (a fan powered ventilation device that recovers heat from stale outgoing air) is explained in this six-part publication. Topic areas addressed are: (1) the nature of air-to-air heat exchangers and how they work; (2) choosing and sizing the system; (3) installation, control, and maintenance of the system; (4) heat…

Household experience and costs of seeking measles vaccination in rural Guinea-Bissau

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Byberg, Stine; Fisker, A B; Rodrigues, A.

2017-01-01

OBJECTIVES: Children younger than 12 months of age are eligible for childhood vaccines through the public health system in Guinea-Bissau. To limit open vial wastage, a restrictive vial opening policy has been implemented; 10-dose measles vaccine vials are only opened if six or more children aged ...

Development of a Mini-Freeze Dryer for Material-Sparing Laboratory Processing with Representative Product Temperature History.

Science.gov (United States)

Obeidat, Wasfy M; Sahni, Ekneet; Kessler, William; Pikal, Michael

2018-02-01

The goal of the work described in this publication was to evaluate a new, small, material-sparing freeze dryer, denoted as the "mini-freeze dryer or mini-FD", capable of reproducing the product temperature history of larger freeze dryers, thereby facilitating scale-up. The mini-FD wall temperatures can be controlled to mimic loading procedures and dryer process characteristics of larger dryers. The mini-FD is equipped with a tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) water vapor mass flow monitor and with other advanced process analytical technology (PAT) sensors. Drying experiments were performed to demonstrate scalability to larger freeze dryers, including the determination of vial heat transfer coefficients, K v . Product temperature histories during K v runs were evaluated and compared with those obtained with a commercial laboratory-scale freeze dryer (LyoStar II) for sucrose and mannitol product formulations. When the mini-FD wall temperature was set at the LyoStar II band temperature (- 20°C) to mimic lab dryer edge vials, edge vial drying in the mini-FD possessed an average K v within 5% of those obtained during drying in the LyoStar II. When the wall temperature of the mini-FD was set equal to the central vial product temperature, edge vials behaved as center vials, possessing a K v value within 5% of those measured in the LyoStar II. During both K v runs and complete product freeze drying runs, the temperature-time profiles for the average edge vials and central vial in the mini-FD agreed well with the average edge and average central vials of the LyoStar II.

Strength of smoke-free air laws and indoor air quality.

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Kiyoung; Hahn, Ellen J; Robertson, Heather E; Lee, Seongjik; Vogel, Suzann L; Travers, Mark J

2009-04-01

Smoke-free air laws have been implemented in many Kentucky communities to protect the public from the harmful effects of secondhand smoke exposure. The impact of different strengths of smoke-free air laws on indoor air quality was assessed. Indoor air quality in hospitality venues was assessed in seven communities before and after comprehensive smoke-free air laws and in two communities only after partial smoke-free air laws. One community was measured three times: before any smoke-free air law, after the initial partial law, and after the law was strengthened to cover all workplaces and public places with few exemptions. Real-time measurements of particulate matters with 2.5 mum aerodynamic diameter or smaller (PM(2.5)) were obtained. When comprehensive smoke-free air laws were implemented, indoor PM(2.5) concentrations decreased significantly from 161 to 20 microg/m3. In one community that implemented a comprehensive smoke-free law after initially passing a partial law, indoor PM(2.5) concentrations were 304 microg/m3 before the law, 338 microg/m3 after the partial law, and 9 microg/m3 after the comprehensive law. The study clearly demonstrated that partial smoke-free air laws do not improve indoor air quality. A significant linear trend indicated that PM(2.5) levels in the establishments decreased with fewer numbers of burning cigarettes. Only comprehensive smoke-free air laws are effective in reducing indoor air pollution from secondhand tobacco smoke.

Air Abrasion

Science.gov (United States)

... Chapters What Is Air Abrasion? What Happens? The Pros and Cons Will I Feel Anything? Is Air ... will perform any procedures that use air-abrasion technology. Ask your dentist if he or she uses ...

The urban air; L'air de la ville

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2002-07-01

This paper presents the abstracts of conferences proposed during the meeting on the urban air, organized by the French Meteorological Society in november 2002. These conferences dealt with the air quality monitoring, the public health impacts, the air pollution in function of the meteorological effects, the pollutants, the main factors of the air quality and the models of the meteorology. (A.L.B.)

Utilisation of Sepidrud dam basin sediments in fired clay bricks: laboratory scale experiment

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jamshidi-Chenari, R.

2015-12-01

Full Text Available The prevailing disposal methods for dam basin sediments are not free from the environmental pollution and the ecological imbalance. At present, a new way to treat the dredged sediments to manufacture bricks is being investigated, prioritizing waste recovery over its deposition in landfills. However, construction materials such as clay bricks must comply with the international and local standards. Considering the perpetual availability of the sediments, particle sizing and their chemical composition and the results of physical and qualification tests on Sepidrud Dam basin sediments it can be concluded that the utilization of basin sediments as a full or partial replacement in clay brick production will lead to the production of quality bricks that meet all the regulatory limits in the standards. This research is novel in view of both increasing the reservoir effective volume capacity and preventing the use of alternative land quarries which are mainly covered by green land.Los métodos actuales de eliminación de los sedimentos de las cuencas de las presas no están exentos de problemas de contaminación ambiental y ecológicos. En la actualidad, se está investigando la posibilidad de utilizar los sedimentos dragados para la fabricación de ladrillos, dando prioridad a su valoración como residuos frente a su depósito en vertederos. Sin embargo, los ladrillos, como otros materiales de construcción, deben de cumplir con las correspondientes normas nacionales e internacionales. Teniendo en cuenta la disponibilidad permanente de los sedimentos, el tamaño de sus partículas y su composición química y los resultados físicos de las pruebas de calificación de los sedimentos de la cuenca Sepidrud Dam, en este estudio se ha concluido su viabilidad como materiales de reemplazo total o parcial de las materias primas convencionales, para la producción de ladrillos. Estos ladrillos cumplen además con las normas vigentes. Este es un estudio novedoso

Ecotoxicological assessment of sediments from the Port of Santos and the disposal sites of dredged material

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eduinetty Ceci P. M. Sousa

2007-06-01

Full Text Available The dredging of sediments from the Santos Channel is necessary to allow the navigation of ships operating in the Port of Santos. The disposal sites for such sediments are situated on the coastal zone, in front of the Santos Bay. The present paper aimed at evaluating the toxicity of sediments collected at the Santos Channel and at the former and current sediment disposal sites. Whole sediment tests with amphipods and elutriate assays with sea-urchin embryos were used. The samples from the Santos Channel were considered the most toxic: all the sediment samples from this area showed toxicity. Moreover, some samples from both former and new sediment disposal sites exhibited toxicity. Therefore, results showed that sediments from the studied areas present evidences of degradation; however, further studies are required to determine relationships between toxicity and contamination. Results also suggested that the disposal of dredged sediments should be re-evaluated.A dragagem dos sedimentos do Canal de Santos é necessária para permitir o trânsito de navios que operam no Porto de Santos. As áreas de disposição do material dragado estão situadas na zona costeira, em frente à Baía de Santos. Este estudo visou avaliar a qualidade dos sedimentos do Canal de Santos e das áreas de disposição atuais e antigas, utilizando testes de toxicidade de sedimento integral com anfípodos e de toxicidade de elutriatos com embriões de ouriço do mar. As amostras do Canal de Santos foram consideradas as mais tóxicas: todas as amostras dessa área foram consideradas significativamente tóxicas. Além disso, algumas amostras das áreas de disposição exibiram toxicidade. Os resultados mostraram, portanto, que os sedimentos apresentam evidências de degradação em sua qualidade, porém novos estudos devem ser conduzidos visando determinar as relações entre contaminação e toxicidade. Os resultados sugerem ainda que a disposição dos sedimentos dragados

Released air during vapor and air cavitation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jablonská, Jana, E-mail: jana.jablonska@vsb.cz; Kozubková, Milada, E-mail: milada.kozubkova@vsb.cz [VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Hydromechanics and Hydraulic Equipment, 17. listopadu 15, 708 33 Ostrava-Poruba (Czech Republic)

2016-06-30

Cavitation today is a very important problem that is solved by means of experimental and mathematical methods. The article deals with the generation of cavitation in convergent divergent nozzle of rectangular cross section. Measurement of pressure, flow rate, temperature, amount of dissolved air in the liquid and visualization of cavitation area using high-speed camera was performed for different flow rates. The measurement results were generalized by dimensionless analysis, which allows easy detection of cavitation in the nozzle. For numerical simulation the multiphase mathematical model of cavitation consisting of water and vapor was created. During verification the disagreement with the measurements for higher flow rates was proved, therefore the model was extended to multiphase mathematical model (water, vapor and air), due to release of dissolved air. For the mathematical modeling the multiphase turbulence RNG k-ε model for low Reynolds number flow with vapor and air cavitation was used. Subsequently the sizes of the cavitation area were verified. In article the inlet pressure and loss coefficient depending on the amount of air added to the mathematical model are evaluated. On the basis of the approach it may be create a methodology to estimate the amount of released air added at the inlet to the modeled area.

[Preparation of a kind of SERS-active substrates for spot fast analysis].

Science.gov (United States)

Ji, Nan; Li, Zhi-Shi; Zhao, Bing; Zou, Bo

2013-02-01

A kind of SERS-active substrates was prepared using chemical self-assembly method, aiming at spot fast analysis using portable Raman spectrometer. PDDA was first absorbed on the inner wall of vials, and then Ag colloids were assembled on the inner wall. UV-Vis spectra and Raman spectra of two kinds of blank vials were investigated and the transparent vials were thought to be better for SERS-vials. UV-Vis spectra were used to monitor the assembly process of Ag colloids. SERS activity of our substrates was characterized using p-ATP as probing molecules.

Shell-vial culture, coupled with real-time PCR, applied to Rickettsia conorii and Rickettsia massiliae-Bar29 detection, improving the diagnosis of the Mediterranean spotted fever.

Science.gov (United States)

Segura, Ferran; Pons, Immaculada; Sanfeliu, Isabel; Nogueras, María-Mercedes

2016-04-01

Rickettsia conorii and Rickettsia massiliae-Bar29 are related to Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF). They are intracellular microorganisms. The Shell-vial culture assay (SV) improved Rickettsia culture but it still has some limitations: blood usually contains low amount of microorganisms and the samples that contain the highest amount of them are non-sterile. The objectives of this study were to optimize SV culture conditions and monitoring methods and to establish antibiotic concentrations useful for non-sterile samples. 12 SVs were inoculated with each microorganism, incubated at different temperatures and monitored by classical methods and real-time PCR. R. conorii was detected by all methods at all temperatures since 7th day of incubation. R. massiliae-Bar29 was firstly observed at 28°C. Real-time PCR allowed to detected it 2-7 days earlier (depend on temperature) than classical methods. Antibiotics concentration needed for the isolation of these Rickettsia species from non-sterile samples was determined inoculating SV with R. conorii, R. massiliae-Bar29, biopsy or tick, incubating them with different dilutions of antibiotics and monitoring them weekly. To sum up, if a MSF diagnosis is suspected, SV should be incubated at both 28°C and 32°C for 1-3 weeks and monitored by a sensitive real-time PCR. If the sample is non-sterile the panel of antibiotics tested can be added. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Air

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gugele, B.; Scheider, J.; Spangl, W.

2001-01-01

In recent years several regulations and standards for air quality and limits for air pollution were issued or are in preparation by the European Union, which have severe influence on the environmental monitoring and legislation in Austria. This chapter of the environmental control report of Austria gives an overview about the legal situation of air pollution control in the European Union and in specific the legal situation in Austria. It gives a comprehensive inventory of air pollution measurements for the whole area of Austria of total suspended particulates, ozone, volatile organic compounds, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, heavy metals, benzene, dioxin, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and eutrophication. For each of these pollutants the measured emission values throughout Austria are given in tables and geographical charts, the environmental impact is discussed, statistical data and time series of the emission sources are given and legal regulations and measures for an effective environmental pollution control are discussed. In particular the impact of fossil-fuel power plants on the air pollution is analyzed. (a.n.)

Air pollution and the school air environment

OpenAIRE

Fsadni, Peter; Montefort, Stephen

2015-01-01

There is growing concern about the association of school indoor air quality (SIAQ) with asthma, rhinitis, and rhinoconjunctivitis. Students and school staff deserve the highest standards of school air quality to ensure a safe and productive environment for our children’s education. Existing studies highlight the presence of several air pollutants present within school classrooms that have a direct association with poor health and poor student performance. Very little data exist ab...

Sample loading for C-14 measurement in the simulated organic solvent waste from a CANDU Nuclear Power Plant

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dianu, Magdalena; Podina, C.; Nita, Valentina

2005-01-01

Full text: Sample preparation is a critical step in obtaining accurate results in scintillation counting. Standard (22 ml) glass and plastic vials were used in these experiments. The preliminary research was conducted using glass vials to allow visual verification that a homogeneous solution is obtained at the desired cocktail/sample ratio. Then, the research was moved into plastic vials to reduce backgrounds and improve the counting rate. Samples were counted in a Model 2100 TR Packard TRI-CARB liquid scintillation analyzer. The paper mainly contains: - Composition and data about liquid scintillation cocktails used (tables); - Characterization of radioactive waste - organic solvent contaminated with C-14; - Sample loading (tables); - Efficiency vs Sample Loading - for each cocktail used. Organic solvent sample volumes were added to the vials in 0.5 ml increments from 1 ml to 2 ml. Then, the liquid scintillation cocktail was added so that the sample-cocktail volume was 20 ml. Each vial was shaken vigorously for several seconds after each addition to ensure homogeneity and count. Blank vials were prepared using C-14-free organic solvent samples in the same sample-cocktail proportions. After at least two hours, the samples and blank vials were counted for ten minutes, using a Packard counter. (authors)

Investigation of the dose rate dependency of the PAGAT gel dosimeter at low dose rates

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zehtabian, M.; Faghihi, R.; Zahmatkesh, M.H.; Meigooni, A.S.; Mosleh-Shirazi, M.A.; Mehdizadeh, S.; Sina, S.; Bagheri, S.

2012-01-01

Medical physicists need dosimeters such as gel dosimeters capable of determining three-dimensional dose distributions with high spatial resolution. To date, in combination with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), polyacrylamide gel (PAG) polymers are the most promising gel dosimetry systems. The purpose of this work was to investigate the dose rate dependency of the PAGAT gel dosimeter at low dose rates. The gel dosimeter was used for measurement of the dose distribution around a Cs-137 source from a brachytherapy LDR source to have a range of dose rates from 0.97 Gy h −1 to 0.06 Gy h −1 . After irradiation of the PAGAT gel, it was observed that the dose measured by gel dosimetry was almost the same at different distances (different dose rates) from the source, although the points nearer the source had been expected to receive greater doses. Therefore, it was suspected that the PAGAT gel is dose rate dependent at low dose rates. To test this further, three other sets of measurements were performed by placing vials containing gel at different distances from a Cs-137 source. In the first two measurements, several plastic vials were exposed to equal doses at different dose rates. An ionization chamber was used to measure the dose rate at each distance. In addition, three TLD chips were simultaneously irradiated in order to verify the dose to each vial. In the third measurement, to test the oxygen diffusion through plastic vials, the experiment was repeated again using plastic vials in a nitrogen box and glass vials. The study indicates that oxygen diffusion through plastic vials for dose rates lower than 2 Gy h −1 would affect the gel dosimeter response and it is suggested that the plastic vials or (phantoms) in an oxygen free environment or glass vials should be used for the dosimetry of low dose rate sources using PAGAT gel to avoid oxygen diffusion through the vials.

Advances in Understanding Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Diseases: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution (MESA Air)

Science.gov (United States)

Kaufman, Joel D.; Spalt, Elizabeth W.; Curl, Cynthia L.; Hajat, Anjum; Jones, Miranda R.; Kim, Sun-Young; Vedal, Sverre; Szpiro, Adam A.; Gassett, Amanda; Sheppard, Lianne; Daviglus, Martha L.; Adar, Sara D.

2016-01-01

The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution (MESA Air) leveraged the platform of the MESA cohort into a prospective longitudinal study of relationships between air pollution and cardiovascular health. MESA Air researchers developed fine-scale, state-of-the-art air pollution exposure models for the MESA Air communities, creating individual exposure estimates for each participant. These models combine cohort-specific exposure monitoring, existing monitoring systems, and an extensive database of geographic and meteorological information. Together with extensive phenotyping in MESA—and adding participants and health measurements to the cohort—MESA Air investigated environmental exposures on a wide range of outcomes. Advances by the MESA Air team included not only a new approach to exposure modeling but also biostatistical advances in addressing exposure measurement error and temporal confounding. The MESA Air study advanced our understanding of the impact of air pollutants on cardiovascular disease and provided a research platform for advances in environmental epidemiology. PMID:27741981

Optics study of liquid scintillation counting systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Duran Ramiro, M. T.; Garcia-Torano, E.

2005-01-01

Optics is a key issue in the development of any liquid scintillation counting (LSC) system. Light emission in the scintillating solution, transmission through the vial and reflector design are some aspects that need to be considered in detail. This paper describes measurements and calculations carried out to optimise these factors for the design of a new family of LSC counters. Measurements of the light distribution emitted by a scintillation vial were done by autoradiographs of cylindrical vials made of various materials and results were compared to those obtained by direct measurements of the light distribution made by scanning the vial with a photomultiplier tube. Calculations were also carried out to study the light transmission in the vial and the optimal design of the reflector for a system with one photomultiplier tube. (Author)

Optics study of liquid scintillation counting systems; Estudio de la Optica en sistemas de medida por centelle liquido

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Duran Ramiro, M. T.; Garcia-Torano, E.

2005-07-01

Optics is a key issue in the development of any liquid scintillation counting (LSC) system. Light emission in the scintillating solution, transmission through the vial and reflector design are some aspects that need to be considered in detail. This paper describes measurements and calculations carried out to optimise these factors for the design of a new family of LSC counters. Measurements of the light distribution emitted by a scintillation vial were done by autoradiographs of cylindrical vials made of various materials and results were compared to those obtained by direct measurements of the light distribution made by scanning the vial with a photomultiplier tube. Calculations were also carried out to study the light transmission in the vial and the optimal design of the reflector for a system with one photomultiplier tube. (Author)

Ocorrencia de mercurio na Bacia do Rio Iguaçu, Estado do Parana, Brasil

OpenAIRE

Rafael Andre Belotto Plawiak

2007-01-01

Resumo: A anomalia geoquímica de mercúrio em sedimento de corrente da bacia hidrográfica do rio Iguaçu, Estado do Paraná, delimitada por um levantamento prévio de geoquímica regional, foi investigada através de determinações das concentrações do metal em rochas, solo e sedimento fluvial. O rio Iguaçu está inserido no contexto geológico da Bacia do Paraná e a porção correspondente ao alto vale, no município de Curitiba e vizinhanças, compreende rochas gnáissico-migmatíticas do embasamento cris...

Air Baltic: Estonian Air on nurka surutud / Teele Tammeorg

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Tammeorg, Teele

2010-01-01

Air Balticu asepresidendi Janis Vanagsi hinnangul on Estonian Air aastaid jätnud tähelepanuta oma peamised turismiturud ning on praegu halvas seisus. Air Baltic on endiselt huvitatud Estonian Airi ostust. Majandus- ja kommunikatsiooniminister Juhan Partsi seisukoht

Use of an external source (60Co) for 32P detection efficiency determination by the Cerenkov effect, in soil extracts

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nascimento Filho, V.F. do.

1975-03-01

The detection of 32 P in aqueous extracts is usually made with the aid of a Geiger-Muller detector, with thin window and sample on a planchet. Presently the technique is being developed of detection of high energy beta particles emitters ( 32 P, 42 K, 86 Rb) through the Cerenkov effect, using a commercial liquid scintillation system. This technique, despite being approximately 30 times more sensitive, has the inconvenience of varying the detection efficiency, mainly for color samples (soil extracts, for instance). From this stems the need for determining the detection efficiency for each sample. The internal standardization and channels ratio methods show a series of drawbacks, mainly the non-reutilization of the samples (1st method) and statistical uncertainty for low activity samples (2nd method). The elimination of these dreawbacks can be achieved through the utilization of the external standardization method. A 60 Co source with 1,4 μCi activity has been adapted to the sample elevator of the detector system, and a comparison was made with the channels ratio method to evaluate the efficiency of 32 P detection in soil extracts (P extraction and fractionation). The external standardization method showed to be more accurate, besides being influenced to a lesser degree by high voltage variation, sample volume and vial types. In the case of large samples, it is advisable to carry out detection in vials filled up to their full capacity; in the case of small samples, the whole volume should be transferred to the vials and completed up to 9 ml for nylon vials,10 ml for glass vials and 11 to 14 ml for polyethilene vials. On the other hand, plastic vials showed higher detection efficiency than ones. As to background radiation, the lowest rates were given by nylon vials and the highest by Beckman glass vials [pt

Development of a primary diffusion source of organic vapors for gas analyzer calibration

Science.gov (United States)

Lecuna, M.; Demichelis, A.; Sassi, G.; Sassi, M. P.

2018-03-01

The generation of reference mixtures of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at trace levels (10 ppt-10 ppb) is a challenge for both environmental and clinical measurements. The calibration of gas analyzers for trace VOC measurements requires a stable and accurate source of the compound of interest. The dynamic preparation of gas mixtures by diffusion is a suitable method for fulfilling these requirements. The estimation of the uncertainty of the molar fraction of the VOC in the mixture is a key step in the metrological characterization of a dynamic generator. The performance of a dynamic generator was monitored over a wide range of operating conditions. The generation system was simulated by a model developed with computational fluid dynamics and validated against experimental data. The vapor pressure of the VOC was found to be one of the main contributors to the uncertainty of the diffusion rate and its influence at 10-70 kPa was analyzed and discussed. The air buoyancy effect and perturbations due to the weighing duration were studied. The gas carrier flow rate and the amount of liquid in the vial were found to play a role in limiting the diffusion rate. The results of sensitivity analyses were reported through an uncertainty budget for the diffusion rate. The roles of each influence quantity were discussed. A set of criteria to minimize the uncertainty contribution to the primary diffusion source (25 µg min-1) were estimated: carrier gas flow rate higher than 37.7 sml min-1, a maximum VOC liquid mass decrease in the vial of 4.8 g, a minimum residual mass of 1 g and vial weighing times of 1-3 min. With this procedure a limit uncertainty of 0.5% in the diffusion rate can be obtained for VOC mixtures at trace levels (10 ppt-10 ppb), making the developed diffusion vials a primary diffusion source with potential to become a new reference material for trace VOC analysis.

Efficiency for C-14 measurement in the simulated hydraulic oil waste from a CANDU nuclear power plant as measured on a packard counter

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dianu, Magdalena; Podina, Corneliu; Nita, Valentina

2005-01-01

Full text: The paper mainly contains; - composition and data on liquid scintillation cocktail used; - characterization of radioactive waste - hydraulic oil waste contaminated with C-14; - detection limits; - sample loading; - the values of calculated and measured activities; - efficiency vs sample loading. Samples were counted in a Model 2100 TR Packard TRI-CARB liquid scintillation analyser. Sample preparation is a critical step in obtaining accurate results in scintillation counting. Standard (22 ml) plastic vials were used in these experiments. These vials have the advantage to reduce backgrounds and improve the counting rate. Hydraulic oil sample volumes were added to the vials in 0.5 ml increments from 1 ml to 2 ml. Then the liquid scintillation cocktail was added so that the sample - cocktail volume was 20 ml. Each vial was shaken vigorously for several seconds after each addition to ensure homogeneity and counting. Blank vials were prepared using C-14 - free hydraulic oil samples in the same sample-cocktail proportions. After at least two hours, the samples and blank vials were counted for ten minutes. (authors)

Mixed gamma emitting gas standard and method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

McFarland, R.C.; McFarland, P.A.

1986-01-01

The invention in one aspect pertains to a method of calibrating gamma spectroscopy systems for gas counting in a variety of counting containers comprising withdrawing a precision volume of a mixed gamma-emitting gas standard from a precision volume vial and delivering the withdrawn precision volume of the gas standard to the interior of a gas counting container. Another aspect of the invention pertains to a mixed gamma-emitting gas standard, comprising a precision spherical vial of predetermined volume, multiple mixed emitting gas components enclosed within the vial, and means for withdrawing from the vial a predetermined amount of the components wherein the gas standard is used to calibrate a gamma spectrometer system for gas counting over a wide energy range without the use of additional standards. A third aspect comprehends a gamma spectrometer calibration system for gas counting, comprising a precision volume spherical glass vial for receiving mixed multiisotope gas components, and two tubular arms extending from the vial. A ground glass stopcock is positioned on each arm, and the outer end of one arm is provided with a rubber septum port

Tritium contamination of concrete walls and floors in tritium-handling laboratory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kawano, T.; Kuroyanagi, M.; Tabei, T.

2006-01-01

A tritium handling laboratory was constructed at the National Institute for Fusion Science about twenty years ago and it was recently closed down. We completed the necessary work that is legally required in Japan at the laboratory, when the use of radioisotopes is discontinued, involving measurements of radioactive contamination. We mainly used smear and direct-immersion methods for the measurements. In applying the smear method, we used a piece of filter paper to wipe up the tritium staining the surfaces. The filter paper containing the tritium was placed directly into a dedicated vial, a scintillation cocktail was then poured over it, and the tritium was measured with a liquid scintillation counter. With the direct-immersion method, a piece of concrete was placed directly into a vial containing a scintillation cocktail, and the tritium in the concrete was measured with a liquid scintillation counter. As well as these measurements, we investigated water-extraction and heating-cooling methods for measuring tritium contamination in concrete. With the former, a piece of concrete was placed into water in a tube to extract the tritium, the water containing the extracted tritium was then poured into a dedicated vial containing a scintillation cocktail, and the tritium contamination was measured. With the latter, a piece of concrete was placed into a furnace and heated to 800 degrees centigrade to vaporize the tritiated water into flowing dry air. The flowing air was then cooled to collect the vaporized tritiated water in a tube. The collected water was placed in a vial for scintillation counting. To evaluate the direct-immersion method, ratios were determined by dividing the contamination measured with the heating-cooling method by that measured with the direct-immersion method. The average ratio was about 2.5, meaning a conversion factor from contamination obtained with the direct-immersion method to that with the heating-cooling method. We also investigated the

Applications of commercial liquid scintillation counters to radon-222 and radium-226 analyses

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gesell, T.F.; Prichard, H.M.; Haygood, J.R.

1978-01-01

The ubiquitous commerical liquid scintillation counter offers automatic sample processing, automatic data recording and the prospect of multiple users. With these features in mind we have explored a number of applications of liquid scintillation counters to environmental and health physics problems. One application, the analysis of radon in water has been described elsewhere and is only briefly reviewed. A method for measuring radon in air, two methods for measuring radium in water, and a technique for leak testing radium needles have also been investigated. An ordinary glass scintillation vial is readily converted into a miniature scintillation flask by coating the inside surface with a thin layer in ZnS:Ag phosphor. The lower limit detection is high, about 2 pCi/1 for a 1 hour count, but these flasks have proved to be useful in situations where a larger number of samples must be taken in environments with relatively high levels of radon. One technique for the detection of radium in water uses liquid-liquid extraction to concentrate radon into an organic scintillation fluid, the other involves passing the water sample through an ion exchange resin and then sealing the resin and scintillation fluid in a vial. Both techniques offer the prospect of easy and inexpensive analyses with limits of detection at or below 0.5 pCi/1. Radium needles can be leak tested by placing them in vials containing toluene for a few minutes, adding fluor to the toluene and counting. Preliminary data regarding these several methods are given

Outbreak of Burkholderia cepacia complex bacteremia in a chemotherapy day care unit due to intrinsic contamination of an antiemetic drug

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

T Singhal

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Background: In the end of 2009, a large number of patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy at the day care unit of a private hospital in Mumbai, India developed Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC blood stream infection (BSI. Objective: The objectives were to identify the source of the outbreak and terminate the outbreak as rapidly as possible. Materials and Methods: All infection control protocols and processes were reviewed. Intensive training was started for all nursing staff involved in patient care. Cultures were sent from the environment (surfaces, water, air, intravenous fluids, disinfectants and antiseptics and opened/unopened medication. Results: A total of 13 patients with cancer with tunneled catheters were affected with BCC BSI. The isolates were of similar antimicrobial sensitivity. No significant breach of infection control protocols could be identified. Cultures from the prepared intravenous medication bags grew BCC. Subsequently, culture from unused vials of the antiemetic granisetron grew BCC, whereas those from the unopened IV fluid bag and chemotherapy medication were negative. On review, it was discovered that the outbreak started when a new brand of granisetron was introduced. The result was communicated to the manufacturer and the brand was withdrawn. There were no further cases. Conclusions: This outbreak was thus linked to intrinsic contamination of medication vials. We acknowledge a delay in identifying the source as we were concentrating more on human errors in medication preparation and less on intrinsic contamination. We recommend that in an event of an outbreak, unopened vials be cultured at the outset.

Air leakage control in chief tunnel of uranium mines using air screen

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xiao Gengsheng

1987-01-01

In this paper the results of air leakage control are described using air screen in the chief tunnels of some uranium mines. The air leakage decreases by 79-91% after using air screen. On the basis of mathematical treatment, the formulas for calculating the air resistance efficiency of air screen are presented

Air Conditioner/Dehumidifier

Science.gov (United States)

1986-01-01

An ordinary air conditioner in a very humid environment must overcool the room air, then reheat it. Mr. Dinh, a former STAC associate, devised a heat pipe based humidifier under a NASA Contract. The system used heat pipes to precool the air; the air conditioner's cooling coil removes heat and humidity, then the heat pipes restore the overcooled air to a comfortable temperature. The heat pipes use no energy, and typical savings are from 15-20%. The Dinh Company also manufactures a "Z" coil, a retrofit cooling coil which may be installed on an existing heater/air conditioner. It will also provide free hot water. The company has also developed a photovoltaic air conditioner and solar powered water pump.

Analysis of air safety in the European system of air traffic

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

О.Є. Луппо

2008-04-01

Full Text Available  Article describes air traffic safety provision requirements in the Air Traffic Management system of Europe. Consideration of air traffic variation which affecting the air traffic management operations have been reviewed.

Advanced Architectures and Relatives of Air Electrodes in Zn–Air Batteries

Science.gov (United States)

Pan, Jing; Xu, Yang Yang; Yang, Huan; Dong, Zehua; Liu, Hongfang

2018-01-01

Abstract Zn–air batteries are becoming the promising power sources for portable and wearable electronic devices and hybrid/electric vehicles because of their high specific energy density and the low cost for next‐generation green and sustainable energy technologies. An air electrode integrated with an oxygen electrocatalyst is the most important component and inevitably determines the performance and cost of a Zn–air battery. This article presents exciting advances and challenges related to air electrodes and their relatives. After a brief introduction of the Zn–air battery, the architectures and oxygen electrocatalysts of air electrodes and relevant electrolytes are highlighted in primary and rechargeable types with different configurations, respectively. Moreover, the individual components and major issues of flexible Zn–air batteries are also highlighted, along with the strategies to enhance the battery performance. Finally, a perspective for design, preparation, and assembly of air electrodes is proposed for the future innovations of Zn–air batteries with high performance. PMID:29721418

78 FR 4446 - Exempt Chemical Preparations Under the Controlled Substances Act

Science.gov (United States)

2013-01-22

... TOXI-LAB DISCS LTD HD Plastic vial: 50 discs... 12/22/2011 Agilent Technologies TOXI-LAB DISCS LTD OP... Chemicals, Inc... (+)-iodo-Lysergic Acid Vial: 1 mL 12/22/2011 diethylamide [125I]. American Radiolabeled.../2011 (1 mg/mL). American Radiolabeled Chemicals, Inc... Lysergic Acid (1 mg/mL)........ Vial: 1 mL 12...

Package for radioactive material

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Van Rossem, H.

1983-01-01

A holder for use with a labelled vial containing a radiopharmaceutical or other dangerous material is claimed. It comprises a hollow body with a closed bottom and an open top. There is at least one transparent portion through which the labelled vial may be inspected, and a holding means to secure the vial in the holder

Hazardous Air Pollutants

Science.gov (United States)

... Search Main menu Environmental Topics Air Bed Bugs Chemicals and Toxics Environmental Information by Location Greener Living Health Land, ... regulate toxic air pollutants, also known as air toxics, from categories of industrial facilities in two phases . About Hazardous Air Pollutants ...

Air Leakage Rates in Typical Air Barrier Assemblies

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hun, Diana E. [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Atchley, Jerald Allen [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Childs, Phillip W. [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

2016-11-01

Estimates for 2010 indicate that infiltration in residential buildings was responsible for 2.85 quads of energy (DOE 2014), which is about 3% of the total energy consumed in the US. One of the mechanisms being implemented to reduce this energy penalty is the use of air barriers as part of the building envelope. These technologies decrease airflow through major leakage sites such as oriented strand board (OSB) joints, and gaps around penetrations (e.g., windows, doors, pipes, electrical outlets) as indicated by Hun et al. (2014). However, most air barrier materials do not properly address leakage spots such as wall-to-roof joints and wall-to-foundation joints because these are difficult to seal, and because air barrier manufacturers usually do not provide adequate instructions for these locations. The present study focuses on characterizing typical air leakage sites in wall assemblies with air barrier materials.

Arrangement to measure the nuclear radiation of a series of radioactive samples

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lohr, W.; Berthold, F.; Allington, R.W.

1976-01-01

Samples to be counted for radioactivity are contained in vials placed in rows in magazins, and held in position by a grip. The magazins are positioned on a track, and automatically shifted in closed circuit, each at some stage reaching a working station. Here the magazin advances in discrete steps so that the bottom of each vial in turn is placed exactly above a small piston, the grip released, the piston lowered, and the vial slid down to a counting station. After counting the vial is returned to the magazine, gripped, and the magazine moves another step. (DVP) [de

ES / MEF cell culture and electroporation of targeting construct

OpenAIRE

sprotocols

2014-01-01

Author: Gary Brown ### Day 0 One frozen vial of Murine Embryonic Fibroblasts (MEFs) is thawed quickly in a 37oC water bath. When the last bit of ice is melted, spray the vial with 70% ethanol and transfer the contents of the vial into one 75 cm2 flask (T-75) containing 20 ml of MEF media. Place the MEFs in a 37oC, 5% CO2, 86% humidity incubator. Every frozen MEF preparation thaws a little differently. If on Day 1, the MEFs are only 50% cconfluent, thaw another vial into your ongoing T...

The results of air treatment process modeling at the location of the air curtain in the air suppliers and ventilation shafts

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nikolaev Aleksandr

2017-01-01

Full Text Available In the existing shaft air heater installations (AHI, that heat the air for air suppliers in cold seasons, a heater channel is used. Some parts of the air from the heater go to the channel, other parts are sucked through a pithead by the general shaft pressure drawdown formed by the main ventilation installation (MVI. When this happens, a mix of two air flows leads to a shaft heat regime violation that can break pressurization of intertubular sealers. The problem of energy saving while airing underground mining enterprises is also very important. The proposed solution of both tasks due to the application of an air curtain is described in the article. In cold seasons the air treatment process should be used and it is offered to place an air curtain in the air suppliers shaft above the place of interface of the calorifer channel to a trunk in order to avoid an infiltration (suction of air through the pithead. It’s recommended to use an air curtain in a ventilation shaft because it reduces external air leaks thereby improving energy efficiency of the MVI work. During the mathematical modeling of ventilation and air preparation process (in SolidWorks Flowsimulation software package it was found out that the use of the air curtain in the air supply shaft can increase the efficiency of the AHI, and reduce the electricity consumption for ventilation in the ventilation shaft.

Experimental analysis of indoor air quality improvement achieved by using a Clean-Air Heat Pump (CAHP) air-cleaner in a ventilation system

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sheng, Ying; Fang, Lei; Nie, Jinzhe

2017-01-01

This study investigated the air purification effect of a Clean-Air Heat Pump (CAHP) air-cleaner which combined a silica gel rotor with a heat pump to achieve air cleaning, heating and ventilation in buildings. The experiments were conducted in a field laboratory and compared a low outdoor air...... supply rate with CAHP air purification of recirculated air with three different outdoor air supply rates without recirculation or air cleaning. Sensory assessments of perceived air quality and chemical measurements of TVOC concentration were used to evaluate the air-cleaning performance of the CAHP....... The results of the experiment showed that the operation of the CAHP significantly improved the perceived air quality in a room polluted by both human bio-effluents and building materials. At the outdoor airflow rate of 2 L/s per person, the indoor air quality with CAHP was equivalent to what was achieved...

Is it safe to re-access sodium bicarbonate bottles for use in minor surgery?

Science.gov (United States)

Bjornson, Lindsay; Bucevska, Marija; Tilley, Peter; Verchere, Cynthia

2018-04-06

Sodium bicarbonate is added to lidocaine to reduce injection pain. In Canada, it is available in vials exceeding the injection volume 100-fold. These are single-use vials that should be disposed of after one access. Some surgeons re-use vials to reduce waste, potentially causing contamination. This study aims to review the safety of sodium bicarbonate and assess alternatives to current practice. Strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Burkholderia cepacia were used to assess bacterial growth in vials of sodium bicarbonate. Each pathogen was inoculated into a vial for 14 days at room temperature. At several time points, 1 mL of solution was removed and diluted. One hundred microliters were transferred to blood agar plates and incubated at 35 °C. Colony counts were calculated, averaged and plotted onto a logarithmic graph. Colony counts of all strains fell below observational threshold after 7 days in sodium bicarbonate. Although all strains were reduced, bacteria can survive in sodium bicarbonate for several days, during which transmission may occur. Sodium bicarbonate vials should be treated as single-dose, as indicated by the manufacturers. To reduce waste, hospital pharmacies can repackage sodium bicarbonate into smaller vials or pre-alkalize lidocaine with sodium bicarbonate. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

KERENTANAN KAWASAN TEPI AIR TERHADAP KENAIKAN PERMUKAAN AIR LAUT Kasus Kawasan Tepi Air Kota Surabaya

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Iwan Suprijanto

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Even though global warming are still debates whether it will or not be happened, the changes on climate will influence activities of human. Regarding global warming issue, one of the impact that is very interesting to be investigated is sea level rise. Sea level rise is predicted has very big impact since, in general, in coastal areas locate a lot of important activities for such city or country. On the context of Indonesian locality, most of big cities such as Jakarta, Surabaya, Semarang, Makasar, etc. are located on the coastal area. Since a lot of important activities located on those cities, in general, sea level rise will influence the development processes of those cities. On the basis of the observation gathering in Surabaya City, the impact of sea level rise will influence not only the development of coastal area but also development of Surabaya City in general. The influence is because the area accommodates activities which are very important in city development both for present and future. The activities are port, industrial estate and location for new housing. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia : Terlepas dari ketidakpastian mengenai terjadi atau tidaknya pemanasan global, setiap perubahan iklim di bumi akan memberikan dampak terhadap kelangsungan hidup manusia. Salah satu kajian yang saat ini banyak dilakukan berkaitan dengan isu pemanasan global adalah mengenai kenaikan permukaan air laut. Pengkajian mengenai kenaikan permukaan air laut tersebut penting mengingat dampak yang akan ditimbulkannya dan dengan kenyataan secara umum kawasan tepi air memegang peranan penting dalam perkembangan suatu kota ataupun negara. Hal ditandai dengan banyaknya aktivitas yang berlokasi di kawasan tepi air. Kondisi geografis Indonesia dengan duapertiga bagian wilayahnya adalah perairan, menjadikan Indonesia memiliki garis pantai terpanjang di dunia. Hal tersebut menjadikan pula beberapa bagian wilayah di Indonesia merupakan kawasan pesisir atau tepi air

MICROBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AIR BLOWN BY WARM AIR HAND DRYERS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Recai OÐUR; Omer Faruk TEKBAS; Osman HANCI; Umut OZCAN

2005-02-01

Full Text Available The aim of the study was to determine the microbiological characteristics of air blown from warm air hand dryers, and to compare findings with the microbiological characteristics of indoor air in which the dryer settled. Air samples was taken from different public places (shopping centers, restaurants and hospitals and investigated for total viable counts, coagulase negative Staphylococcus, E. Coli, Staphylococcus aureus and enteric pathogens. There were differences between sampling indoor places for some of the microorganisms, but all of the air samples taken from dryers contained more microorganisms than indoor air, and the differences between hand dryers and indoor air were statistically significant (p<0.05 except for enteric pathogens. As a result it could be said that warm air hand dryers could be microbiological contamination sources in restrooms or the other places that they are used. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2005; 4(1.000: 1-7

Indoor air humidity, air quality, and health - An overview.

Science.gov (United States)

Wolkoff, Peder

2018-04-01

There is a long-standing dispute about indoor air humidity and perceived indoor air quality (IAQ) and associated health effects. Complaints about sensory irritation in eyes and upper airways are generally among top-two symptoms together with the perception "dry air" in office environments. This calls for an integrated analysis of indoor air humidity and eye and airway health effects. This overview has reviewed the literature about the effects of extended exposure to low humidity on perceived IAQ, sensory irritation symptoms in eyes and airways, work performance, sleep quality, virus survival, and voice disruption. Elevation of the indoor air humidity may positively impact perceived IAQ, eye symptomatology, and possibly work performance in the office environment; however, mice inhalation studies do not show exacerbation of sensory irritation in the airways by low humidity. Elevated humidified indoor air appears to reduce nasal symptoms in patients suffering from obstructive apnea syndrome, while no clear improvement on voice production has been identified, except for those with vocal fatigue. Both low and high RH, and perhaps even better absolute humidity (water vapor), favors transmission and survival of influenza virus in many studies, but the relationship between temperature, humidity, and the virus and aerosol dynamics is complex, which in the end depends on the individual virus type and its physical/chemical properties. Dry and humid air perception continues to be reported in offices and in residential areas, despite the IAQ parameter "dry air" (or "wet/humid air") is semantically misleading, because a sensory organ for humidity is non-existing in humans. This IAQ parameter appears to reflect different perceptions among other odor, dustiness, and possibly exacerbated by desiccation effect of low air humidity. It is salient to distinguish between indoor air humidity (relative or absolute) near the breathing and ocular zone and phenomena caused by moisture

Air conditioner

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sato, Masaaki

1993-01-01

The present invention provides an air conditioner which can prevent an undesirable effects on a human body due to radon daughter nuclides in a closed space. That is, the concentration of the radon daughter nuclides in the air in the closed space is continuously measured. A necessary amount of ventilation air is determined based on the measured concentration to generate control signals. External air is introduced into the closed space by the generated control signals. With such procedures, necessary amount of external air is taken from the atmospheric air which can be regarded to have the radon daughter nuclide concentration substantially at zero, thereby enabling to reduce the concentration of the radon daughter nuclides in the closed space. As a result, undesired effects on the human body due to the radon daughter nuclides staying in the closed space can be prevented. According to simulation, the radon daughter nuclides are rapidly decreased only by ventilation only for three times or so in one hour. Accordingly, ventilation is extremely effective and convenient means as a countermeasure for the radon daughter nuclides. (I.S.)

Ensuring clean air: Developing a clean air strategy for British Columbia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1992-04-01

In 1992, a clean air strategy will be developed to incorporate views of British Columbians on ways to meet goals related to air quality. A discussion paper is presented to provide information to those interested in participation in developing this strategy. The paper gives information on air quality issues important to the province, including local air quality, urban smog, ozone layer depletion, and global climate change. The views and concerns expressed by stakeholders who attended the Clean Air Conference in 1991 are summarized. The process used to develop the clean air strategy is outlined and some outcomes to be anticipated from the strategy are suggested, including policies and priorities for action to ensure clean air. Air pollutants of concern are total reduced sulfur, mainly from pulp mills and gas processing plants; smoke from wood burning; sulfur dioxide from pulp mills and gas plants; hydrogen fluoride from aluminum smelting; ground-level ozone in urban areas; and acid rain. Elements of a clean air strategy include a smoke management policy, management strategies for greenhouse gases and ozone smog, ozone layer protection measures, regional air quality management plans, and long-term planning efforts in energy use, transportation modes, community design, and land use. 12 refs., 14 figs., 2 tabs

Sistema de detección de señales de tráfico para la localización de intersecciones viales y frenado anticipado

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gabriel Villalón-Sepúlveda

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Resumen: En este trabajo se presenta un sistema de detección de señales de tráfico aledañas a intersecciones viales y rotondas, y un análisis para conocer su capacidad de detección en función de la distancia. El método propuesto está basado en la segmentación por color sobre el espacio RGB-normalizado (ErEgEb para la generación de regiones de interés (ROIs, la clasificación del tipo de señal usando los espacios YCbCr y ErEgEb para construir una plantilla estadística, donde para eliminar el fondo se ha propuesto una función de distribución de probabilidad que modeliza el color de los objetos de interés. El sistema está especializado en dos tipos de señales: disco Pare y triángulo invertido de Ceda el Paso. Luego se analiza su desempeño, al compararlo con el método de Viola & Jones, donde se verifica la capacidad de detección a diferentes distancias. Para distancias menores a 48 metros, el método propuesto ha logrado una tasa de detección del 87.5% en el caso de la señal de Ceda el Paso, y del 95.4% en el caso del disco Pare, mientras que para distancias inferiores a 30 metros la detección lograda es del 100%. Estos resultados son superiores a los reportados en la mayoría de la literatura existente, la cual a diferencia del presente trabajo no aborda la sensibilidad de los métodos propuestos ante la variación de la distancia a las señales de tráfico aún cuando esto es uno de los principales desafíos en la implementación de sistemas de asistencia al conductor aplicables al mundo real. Los experimentos han sido desarrollados sobre una base de datos de señales de tráfico, generadas a partir de imágenes tomadas en varias calles de la ciudad de Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile, usando un vehículo experimental diseñado para desarrollar sistemas inteligentes. Abstract: This paper describes a system for traffic sign detection from surrounding traffic intersections and analysis for the ability of detection

75 FR 36673 - Notice of Inventory Completion: Public Museum of West Michigan, Grand Rapids, MI

Science.gov (United States)

2010-06-28

... of mica fragments, 1 lot of flint flakes, 1 copper nugget, 1 vial of pyrite, 4 vials of sand, 2 vials... objects are 1 lot of copper nuggets, 1 spear point, 2 bone fragments, 2 drills, 2 flakes, 3 knives, 2... red ochre, 1 shell bracelet, 1 lot of bird bone, 1 flint flake, and 1 projectile point fragment. At an...

Connectable solar air collectors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oestergaard Jensen, S.; Bosanac, M.

2002-02-01

The project has proved that it is possible to manufacture solar air collector panels, which in an easy way can be connected into large collector arrays with integrated ducting without loss of efficiency. The developed connectable solar air collectors are based on the use of matrix absorbers in the form of perforated metal sheets. Three interconnected solar air collectors of the above type - each with an transparent area of approx. 3 m{sup 2} - was tested and compared with parallel tests on two single solar air collectors also with a transparent area of approx. 3 m{sup 2} One of the single solar air collectors has an identical absorber as the connectable solar air collectors while the absorber of the other single solar air collector was a fibre cloth. The efficiency of the three solar air collectors proved to be almost identical in the investigated range of mass flow rates and temperature differences. The solar air collectors further proved to be very efficient - as efficient as the second most efficient solar air collectors tested in the IEA task 19 project Solar Air Systems. Some problems remain although to be solved: the pressure drop across especially the connectable solar air collectors is too high - mainly across the inlets of the solar air collectors. It should, however, be possible to considerably reduce the pressure losses with a more aerodynamic design of the inlet and outlet of the solar air collectors; The connectable solar air collectors are easy connectable but the air tightness of the connections in the present form is not good enough. As leakage leads to lower efficiencies focus should be put on making the connections more air tight without loosing the easiness in connecting the solar air collectors. As a spin off of the project a simple and easy way to determine the efficiency of solar, air collectors for pre-heating of fresh air has been validated. The simple method of determining the efficiency has with success been compared with an advance method

Air Land Sea Bulletin

Science.gov (United States)

2014-11-01

Unidentified Royal Air Force Regiment forward air controllers from the Air Land Integration Cell , Based at Royal Air Force Honington, Suffolk (United...heavy as an actual weapon.4 Ideally, this practice imbued a soldier with more energy and stamina during real combat, given the feel of the genuine but...through tactical forces, to individual training. Unidentified Royal Air Force Regiment forward air controllers from the Air Land Integration Cell , Based

The effect of air velocity on heat stress at increased air temperature

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bjerg, B.; Wang, Xiaoshuai; Zhang, Guoqiang

Increased air velocity is a frequently used method to reduce heat stress of farm animals housed in warm conditions. The main reason why the method works is that higher air velocity increases the convective heat release from the animals. Convective heat release from the animals is strongly related...... to the temperature difference between the surfaces of animals and the surrounding air, and this temperature difference declines when the air temperature approaches the animal body temperature. Consequently it can it by expected that the effect of air velocity decreases at increased air temperature. The literature...... on farm animals in warm conditions includes several thermal indices which incorporate the effect of air velocities. But, surprisingly none of them predicts a decreased influence of air velocity when the air temperature approaches the animal body temperature. This study reviewed published investigations...

A Breath of Fresh Air: Addressing Indoor Air Quality

Science.gov (United States)

Palliser, Janna

2011-01-01

Indoor air pollution refers to "chemical, biological, and physical contamination of indoor air," which may result in adverse health effects (OECD 2003). The causes, sources, and types of indoor air pollutants will be addressed in this article, as well as health effects and how to reduce exposure. Learning more about potential pollutants in home…

14 CFR 399.86 - Payments for non-air transportation services for air cargo.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Payments for non-air transportation... Enforcement § 399.86 Payments for non-air transportation services for air cargo. The Board considers that... air carriers for non-air transportation preparation of air cargo shipments are for services ancillary...

Impact of eutrophication and climate change on Cd and other trace metal dynamic in the Gulf of Riga, Baltic Sea

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aigars Juris

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Fitoplanktona spēja iesaistīt Cd šūnā ir plaši tikusi izmantota lai skaidrotu Cd dinamiku jūras ekosistēmās. Tai pašā laikā ir novērotas rezultātu atšķirības ūdenī un sedimentos, kuras līdz šim nav izskaidrotas. Tas nosaka nepieciešamību veikt pētījumu, kurā tiktu sasaistīti galvenie pēdu elementu dinamiku kontrolējošie faktori. Šajā pētījumā tika saistīts pēdu elementu vertikālais sadalījums sedimentos ar pieejamo atbalstošo informāciju no sedimentiem un ūdens kolonnu, īpašu uzmanību pievēršot Cd. Rīgas līča sedimentos novērotās Cu, Mn, Cd un Cr koncentrācijas uzrāda nozīmīgu (ANOVA < 0.01 pozitīvu korelāciju ar TC (kopējais ogleklis. Tai pašā laikā Al un Ni uzrāda nozīmīgu (ANOVA < 0.01 negatīvu korelāciju ar TC. Savukārt Zn, Pb un Fe koncentrācijas sedimentos neuzrāda nozīmīgu korelāciju ar TC. Vairāki no apskatītajiem elementiem skaidri parādīja, ka laika gaitā ir būtiski mainījušies to akumulācijas režīmi attiecībā pret TC akumulācijas režīmu. Izmaiņu lielums ir atšķirīgs atšķirīgiem elementiem.

Methane concentration in water column and in pore water of a coastal lagoon (Cabiúnas lagoon, Macaé, RJ, Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

André Luiz dos Santos Fonseca

2004-06-01

Full Text Available The aim of this study was to evaluate methane concentration in water column and pore water at limnetic and littoral regions of a coastal lagoon. At the littoral region samples were taken from three monospecific macrophytes stands (Typha domingensis, Eleocharis interstincta and Potamogeton stenostachys. The methane concentration in the pore water at the littoral region was higher than the concentration found at the limnetic region in each fraction of the sediment. The higher methane concentration in the superficial fraction of the sediment (0-2 cm was shown at the P. stenostachys stand (3.7 mM. It was the only significantly different (p0.05. It could be concluded that there was a high influence of aquatic macrophytes on the pore water methane concentration.O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi determinar a concentração de metano na coluna d'água e na água intersticial do sedimento nas regiões limnética e litorânea de uma lagoa costeira (Lagoa Cabiúnas, Macaé, RJ. Na região litorânea as amostras foram coletadas em três estandes de macrófitas (Typha domingensis, Eleocharis interstincta e Potamogeton stenostachys. A concentração de metano na água intersticial na região litorânea foi maior do que aquela encontrada na região limnética em cada fração do sedimento. A maior concentração de metano na fração superficial do sedimento (0-2 cm foi observada no estande de P. stenostachys (3.7 mM. Este resultado foi o único significativamente diferente (p0.05. Os resultados sugerem que há uma considerável influência das macrófitas aquáticas estudadas na concentração de metano na água intersticial do sedimento.

21 CFR 211.46 - Ventilation, air filtration, air heating and cooling.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 4 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Ventilation, air filtration, air heating and cooling. 211.46 Section 211.46 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... Buildings and Facilities § 211.46 Ventilation, air filtration, air heating and cooling. (a) Adequate...

Air conditioning systems to clean radioactive air

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ganz, G.

1987-01-01

The author reports a study by the Institutes fuer Klimatechnik and Umweltschutz Giessen that shows that air conditioning systems not only make the atmosphere more comfortable, they also extract dust particles. This cleaning action is also valid for radioactively contaminated air. (G.T.H./Auth.)

Air conditioning system and component therefore distributing air flow from opposite directions

Science.gov (United States)

Obler, H. D.; Bauer, H. B. (Inventor)

1974-01-01

The air conditioning system comprises a plurality of separate air conditioning units coupled to a common supply duct such that air may be introduced into the supply duct in two opposite flow directions. A plurality of outlets such as registers or auxiliary or branch ducts communicate with the supply duct and valve means are disposed in the supply duct at at least some of the outlets for automatically channelling a controllable amount of air from the supply duct to the associated outlet regardless of the direction of air flow within the supply duct. The valve means comprises an automatic air volume control apparatus for distribution within the air supply duct into which air may be introduced from two opposite directions. The apparatus incorporates a freely swinging movable vane in the supply duct to automatically channel into the associated outlet only the deflected air flow which has the higher relative pressure.

Air pollution meteorology

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shirvaikar, V V; Daoo, V J [Environmental Assessment Div., Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai (India)

2002-06-01

This report is intended as a training cum reference document for scientists posted at the Environmental Laboratories at the Nuclear Power Station Sites and other sites of the Department of Atomic Energy with installations emitting air pollutants, radioactive or otherwise. Since a manual already exists for the computation of doses from radioactive air pollutants, a general approach is take here i.e. air pollutants in general are considered. The first chapter presents a brief introduction to the need and scope of air pollution dispersion modelling. The second chapter is a very important chapter discussing the aspects of meteorology relevant to air pollution and dispersion modelling. This chapter is important because without this information one really does not understand the phenomena affecting dispersion, the scope and applicability of various models or their limitations under various weather and site conditions. The third chapter discusses the air pollution models in detail. These models are applicable to distances of a few tens of kilometres. The fourth chapter discusses the various aspects of meteorological measurements relevant to air pollution. The chapters are followed by two appendices. Apendix A discusses the reliability of air pollution estimates. Apendix B gives some practical examples relevant to general air pollution. It is hoped that the document will prove very useful to the users. (author)

Thermal conditions and perceived air quality in an air-conditioned auditorium

Science.gov (United States)

Polednik, Bernard; Guz, Łukasz; Skwarczyński, Mariusz; Dudzińska, Marzenna R.

2016-07-01

The study reports measurements of indoor air temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH), perceived air quality (PAQ) and CO2, fine aerosol particle number (PN) and mass (PM1) concentrations in an air conditioned auditorium. The measurements of these air physical parameters have been carried out in the unoccupied auditorium with the air conditioning system switched off (AC off mode) and in the unoccupied and occupied auditorium with the air conditioning system switched off during the night and switched on during the day (AC on/off mode). The average indoor air thermal parameters, CO2 concentration and the PAQ value (in decipols) were elevated, while average PM1 concentration was lower in the AC on/off mode. A statistically significant (p PAQ values and CO2 concentrations (r = 0.66 and r = 0.59, respectively) in that AC mode. A significant negative correlation has been observed between T and PN and PM1 concentrations (r = -0.38 and r = -0.49, respectively). In the AC off mode the above relations between T and the particle concentrations were not that unequivocal. These findings may be of importance as they indicate that in certain AC operation modes the indoor air quality deteriorates along with the variation of the indoor air microclimate and room occupation. This, in turn, may adversely affect the comfort and productivity of the users of air conditioned premises.

20th century fluctuations in the abundance of siliceous microorganisms preserved in the sediments of the Puyuhuapi Channel (44° S, Chile Fluctuaciones en la abundancia de microorganismos silíceos preservados en los sedimentos del canal Puyuhuapi (44° S, Chile, durante el siglo XX

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

LORENA REBOLLEDO

2005-09-01

Full Text Available We present a 100-year reconstruction of siliceous export production from sediments of the Puyuhuapi Channel (44° S, 70° W in the Chilean fjords. We use accumulation rates and concentrations of diatoms and silicoflagellates, organic carbon (Corg and biogenic opal (SiOPAL as proxies of export production, and fluctuations in the contribution of freshwater diatoms as proxies of rainfall in the hinterland and river runoff. Box core sediments collected at two sites within the Puyuhuapi Channel were analyzed: Station 35 (at the head of the fjord; 56 m water depth and Station 40 (in the middle of the Channel; 270 m water depth. Surface sedimentation rates were 0.75 cm yr-1 at Station 35 and 0.25 cm yr-1 at Station 40. SiOPAL content averaged ~ 4 % at both sites. Diatom accumulation rates as well as the contribution of freshwater diatoms were higher at the head of the fjord (1.59 10(10 valves m-2 yr-1 and 22 %, respectively than in its middle (1.08 10(10 valves m_2 yr_1 and 14 %, respectively. Diatom abundances were two orders of magnitude higher than silicoflagellate contribution at both sites. In general, diatoms typical of high nutrient environments characterize the Puyuhuapi Channel sediments: at both sites, spores of the genus Chaetoceros dominated the diatom assemblage (> 40 % of total diatoms; spores of Chaetoceros radicans/cinctus, Ch. constrictus/vanheurcki, Ch. debilis and Ch. diadema. Downcore analysis reveals an overall increase in the production of siliceous microorganisms from the late 19th century to the early 1980s, and then a decrease until the late-1990s. We associate a decrease in freshwater diatom contribution since the mid-1970s which we associate with a concomitant decline in rainfall in the Chilean fjords. We suggest that this decline is related to the global atmospheric and oceanic warming of the past ~ 25 yearsSe presenta una reconstrucción de 100 años de la productividad silícea exportada en sedimentos del canal Puyuhuapi

Characterization of the potential mercury contamination in the Apolobamba gold mining area, Bolivia Caracterización de la contaminación potencial por mercurio en el área minera de Apolobamba, Bolivia Caracterizaçao da potencial contaminaçao por mercúrio na área mineira de Apolobamba, Bolívia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José A. Acosta

2011-11-01

Full Text Available

A large amount of Hg is used for gold extraction through the amalgamation process in the Apolobamba gold mining area located in the northwest part of La Paz, Bolivia. This mining operation may produce a very serious impact on the ecosystems, as well as on the health of miners and inhabitants, mainly due to the primitive methods used in the gold recovery. The objective of this work was to characterize the potential contamination of total Hg in soils, sediments, water, and plants in a mining area of Bolivia. Results showed that there was atmospheric deposition of Hg in the study area. Accumulation of this metal in the studied soils and sediments was one of the highest in the world, but Hg in aquatic solution was below the detection limit of the analytical method of the studied lakes and rivers. The highest concentration of Hg was found in the river sediments of the Sunchullí- Viscachani (102 mg kg^-1, and in the sediments of Sunchullí and Viscachani lakes (12.3 and 11.7 mg kg^-1, respectively. These concentrations may pose a serious problem for aquatic life, related ecosystems and human health. Therefore, there is a need to study Hg availability and speciation in soils and sediments to better understand the cycling of Hg in the area.

Una gran cantidad de Hg se utiliza para la extracción de oro mediante el proceso de amalgamación en la zona minera de Apolobamba, localizada al noroeste de La Paz, Bolivia. Este tipo de actividad puede estar generando un impacto muy grave tanto para los ecosistemas, como para la salud de los mineros y habitantes de la zona, principalmente debido a los métodos poco tecnificados utilizados en la recuperación del oro. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar la contaminación potencial que supone la presencia de Hg total en suelos, sedimentos, agua y plantas. Los resultados mostraron que existía una deposición atmosf

Experimental studies on absorbed dose in radiation sterilization of pharmaceutical preparation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ohnishi, Tokuhiro; Okamoto, Shinichi; Kimura, Syojiro; Taimatsu, Meiko.

1991-01-01

For radiation sterilization, it is necessary to decide the irradiation conditions considering a balance between sterilization efficiency and chemical changes of samples by irradiation. These effects may be estimated by the product of two factors (D 10 and G value) and absorbed dose. In this work, it has been found experimentally by using Fricke dosimeter that the absorbed doses of the samples in vessels different in size, material, volume, etc. are not equal under the same gamma-ray irradiation condition. The correction factor from exposure to absorbed dose was estimated to be 6-7% for organic vessels (a polyethylene bag and a polystyrene vial) and a 20-ml glass vial, 9% for a 10-ml glass vial, and 10% for the 5-ml glass vial. These values of the correction factor were confirmed by using the changes of enzymic activity of saccharated powder pepsin preparation. In the cases of using organic vessels and the 10-ml glass vial, G-values for the change of the enzymic activity were calculated to show similar values in the range from 0.79 to 0.82. However, in the case of a small glass vial (5-ml), the value was 0.93. (author)

CALCULATION OF AIR ION REGIME IN THE CASE OF ARTIFICIAL AIR IONIZATION

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

BILIAIEV M. M.

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Purpose. One of the major tasks in the field of labor protection is providing of the necessary qualitative composition of air in the working areas of office and industrial spaces. In order to maintain the necessary air ion level in the air space premises, the artificial ionization of air is used often in the premises. At present in Ukraine analytical model are used for the calculation of air ion regime in premises, influencing on the formation process of air ions concentration field. An alternative solution is the use of CFD models, developing including the air jets aerodynamics in the premise, the presence of furniture, equipment, transfer of ions under an electric field, and other physical factors, determining intensity and shape of air ions concentration field in the premise. Methodology. Influence of air flow was taken into account in the development of CFD models for calculation of air ion regime in the apartment, caused by operation of ventilation, diffusion, electric field impact, as well as the interaction of different polarity ions with each other, and their interaction with dust particles. The proposed model of calculation of air ion regime in premises based on the use of aerodynamics, electrostatics and mass transfer levels. This model allows operatively to calculate air ions concentration field with the influence of the walls, floor, ceiling and obstacles on the process of air ions dispersion, the specific location of different polarity ions emission and their interaction in the premise and work areas in conditions of artificial air ionization. Results. The calculated data were obtained and on their base could be estimated the concentration of air ion anywhere in the premise with artificial air ionization. Ions concentration field, being calculated using this CFD model, as concentration field isolines is presented. Originality. The results of the air ion regime calculation in the premise are presented, based on numerical 2D CFD model

Danger in the Air: Air Pollution and Cognitive Dysfunction.

Science.gov (United States)

Cipriani, Gabriele; Danti, Sabrina; Carlesi, Cecilia; Borin, Gemma

2018-01-01

Clean air is considered to be a basic requirement for human health and well-being. To examine the relationship between cognitive performance and ambient pollution exposure. Studies were identified through a systematic search of online scientific databases, in addition to a manual search of the reference lists from the identified papers. Air pollution is a multifaceted toxic chemical mixture capable of assaulting the central nervous system. Despite being a relatively new area of investigation, overall, there is mounting evidence implicating adverse effects of air pollution on cognitive function in both adults and children. Consistent evidence showed that exposure to air pollution, specifically exposure to particulate matter, caused poor age-related cognitive performance. Living in areas with high levels of air pollution has been linked to markers of neuroinflammation and neuropathology that are associated with neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease-like brain pathologies.

Air Sensor Toolbox

Science.gov (United States)

Air Sensor Toolbox provides information to citizen scientists, researchers and developers interested in learning more about new lower-cost compact air sensor technologies and tools for measuring air quality.

CityAir app: Mapping air-quality perception using people as sensors

Science.gov (United States)

Castell, Nuria; Fredriksen, Mirjam; Cole-Hunter, Thomas; Robinson, Johanna; Keune, Hans; Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark; Bartonova, Alena

2016-04-01

Outdoor air pollution is a major environmental health problem affecting all people in developed and developing countries alike. Ambient (outdoor) air pollution in both cities and rural areas was estimated to cause 3.7 million premature deaths worldwide in 2012. In modern society, people are expending an increasing amount of time in polluted urban environments, thus increasing their exposure and associated health responses. Some cities provide information about air pollution levels to their citizens using air quality monitoring networks. However, due to their high cost and maintenance, the density of the monitoring networks is very low and not capable to capture the high temporal and spatial variability of air pollution. Thus, the citizen lacks a specific answer to the question of "how the air quality is in our surroundings". In the framework of the EU-funded CITI-SENSE project the innovative concept of People as Sensors is being applied to the field of outdoor air pollution. This is being done in eight European cities, including Barcelona, Belgrade, Edinburgh, Haifa, Ljubljana, Oslo, Ostrava and Vienna. People as Sensors defines a measurement model, in which measurements are not only taken by hardware sensors, but in which also humans can contribute with their individual "measurements" such as their subjective perception of air quality and other personal observations. In order to collect the personal observations a mobile app, CityAir, has been developed. CityAir allows citizens to rate the air quality in their surroundings with colour at their current location: green if air quality is very good, yellow if air quality is good, orange if air quality is poor and red if air quality is very poor. The users have also the possibility of indicating the source of pollution (i.e. traffic, industry, wood burning) and writing a comment. The information is on-line and accessible for other app users, thus contributing to create an air-quality map based on citizens' perception

Ecología, sistemática y distribución de Foraminíferos Bentónicos entre la desembocadura del río Sinú y Coveñas, Caribe Colombiano

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Parada Ruffinatti Carmen

1985-09-01

Full Text Available En cuatro ecosistemas diferentes: estuario, laguna costera, zona litoral y zona infralitoral, se identificó una microfauna constituida por 75 taxa, de los cuales un 14.6110estuvo representado en la biocenosis. Se  encontró que Ammonia beccarii es la especie de más amplia distribución en todos los ambientes estudiados.Los grupos faunísticos se relacionaron con algunos parámetros ecológicos.En el ecosistema marino infralitoral se estableció un predominio de género Quinqueloculina en sedimentos arenosos y del genera Nonionella, en sedimentos limo-arcillosos. Quinqueloculina distorqueata Cushman, Q. ferussacii d'Orbigny y Fursenkoina fusiformis (Williamson son reportadas por primera vez en el Caribe.

Final Environmental Assessment for the First Air Force Air Operations Center, First Air Force Headquarters/Air Force Forces Center, and Highway 98 Overpass at Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida

Science.gov (United States)

2004-01-01

no comments regarding the Draft Environmental Assessment for the First Air Force Operations Center, First Air Force Headquarters/Air Force Forces...COUNCIL ] No Comment BAY - BAY COUNTY No Final Comments Received ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY UNIT - OFFICE OF POLICY AND BUDGET, ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY UNIT NO ...CONSERVATION COMMISSION [ NO COMMENT BY BRIAN BARNETT ON 4/12/04. [STATE - FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF STATE [ No Comment [TRANSPORTATION - FLORIDA DEPARTMENT

System for measuring of air concentration in air-steam mixture during the transients

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gorbenko, Gennady A.; Gakal, Pavlo G.; Epifanov, Konstantin S.; Osokin, Gennady V.; Smirnov, Sergey V.

2006-01-01

Description of system for air concentration measuring in air-steam mixture during the transients is represented. Air concentration measuring is based on discrete sampling method. The measuring system consists of sampler, transport pipeline, distributor and six measuring vessels. From the sampler air-steam mixture comes to distributor through transport pipeline and fills consecutively the measuring vessels. The true air concentration in place of measurement was defined based on measured air concentration in samples taken from measuring vessels. For this purpose, the mathematical model of transients in measuring system was developed. Air concentration transient in air-steam mixture in place of measurement was described in mathematical model by air concentration time-dependent function. The function parameters were defined based on air concentration measured in samples taken from measuring vessels. Estimated error of air concentration identification was about 10%. Measuring system was used in experiments on EREC BKV-213 test facility intended for testing of VVER-440/V-213 reactor barbotage-vacuum system

Air Leakage and Air Transfer Between Garage and Living Space

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rudd, A.

2014-09-01

This research project focused on evaluation of air transfer between the garage and living space in a single-family detached home constructed by a production homebuilder in compliance with the 2009 International Residential Code and the 2009 International Energy Conservation Code. The project gathered important information about the performance of whole-building ventilation systems and garage ventilation systems as they relate to minimizing flow of contaminated air from garage to living space. A series of 25 multi-point fan pressurization tests and additional zone pressure diagnostic testing characterized the garage and house air leakage, the garage-to-house air leakage, and garage and house pressure relationships to each other and to outdoors using automated fan pressurization and pressure monitoring techniques. While the relative characteristics of this house may not represent the entire population of new construction configurations and air tightness levels (house and garage) throughout the country, the technical approach was conservative and should reasonably extend the usefulness of the results to a large spectrum of house configurations from this set of parametric tests in this one house. Based on the results of this testing, the two-step garage-to-house air leakage test protocol described above is recommended where whole-house exhaust ventilation is employed. For houses employing whole-house supply ventilation (positive pressure) or balanced ventilation (same pressure effect as the Baseline condition), adherence to the EPA Indoor airPLUS house-to-garage air sealing requirements should be sufficient to expect little to no garage-to-house air transfer.

Sediment Radiochronology Using Coastal {sup 210P}b: Model, Validation and Applications (Spanish Edition); Radiocronologia de Sedimentos Costeros Utilizando {sup 210}Pb: Modelos, Validacion y Aplicaciones

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sanchez-Cabeza, Joan-Albert; Diaz-Asencio, Misael; Ruiz-Fernandez, Ana Carolina [eds.

2012-07-01

Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas (CIEMAT, Espana), el Instituto de Investigacion para el Desarrollo (IRD, Francia) y en colaboracion con la Unidad de Coordinacion Regional del Caribe del Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Medio Ambiente (PNUMA-CAR/RCU). Se espera que los resultados del proyecto mejoren el compromiso de los Estados Miembros y organizaciones regionales en actividades para la proteccion del ambiente ahora y en el futuro. A traves de la formacion en laboratorios regionales y el mejor conocimiento de los ecosistemas costeros a partir de estudios de base y de reconstruccion historica de los niveles de contaminacion, una fuerte red de laboratorios con mejores capacidades sera capaz de continuar contribuyendo a la gestion sostenible del mar Caribe. Se estan desarrollando metodologias para el monitoreo y la gestion. Los resultados seran diseminados a la comunidad cientifica, los tomadores de decisiones y la sociedad, ademas de organizaciones internacionales como UNEP y la Asociacion de Estados Caribenos. El objetivo de los resultados es apoyar la gestion integrada de la zona costera. Una de las metodologias principales de este proyecto es la utilizacion de sedimentos costeros como registros de cambios ambientales, incluyendo la contaminacion. Dado que la mayor parte de los cambios en la region han ocurrido durante el siglo XX, la mejor cronologia es la proporcionada por el {sup 210}Pb, un elemento radiactivo natural con un periodo de semidesintegracion de aproximadamente 20 anos, que permite fechar sedimentos de hasta unos 100 anos de antigueedad. Aunque hay muchos trabajos publicados sobre el uso de este radionuclido como cronometro de sedimentos, el OIEA valoro positivamente la propuesta hecha por las contrapartes del proyecto de que un texto de sintesis en espanol seria muy valioso para cientificos y estudiantes de la region. Con este objetivo, el OIEA organizo en Marzo de 2008 una reunion de expertos en el Instituto de Investigaciones

Variation of a benthic heterotrophic bacteria community with different respiratory metabolisms in Coyuca de Benítez coastal lagoon (Guerrero, Mexico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Jesús Ferrara-Guerrero

2007-03-01

.5, Nevertheless, the variations of the heterotrophic bacteria community observed in the two days sampling, seem to be governed (with F-values of 0.6 to 0.9 by the irregular flows of bio-available organic material and the sediment porosity. Rev. Biol. Trop. 55 (1: 157-169. Epub 2007 March. 31.Las fluctuaciones en el número, biomasa y composición de la comunidad bacteriana heterotrófica fueron estudiadas con respecto a la profundidad y a los cambios de profundidad, pH, Eh, O2 y concentración de carbono orgánico, durante un período corto de tiempo (diarias durante 2 días, en una zona del canal que comunica la laguna de Coyuca de Benítez (Guerrero, México con las aguas costeras. Durante los tres momentos del día (6 am, 2 pm y 10 pm estudiados, las concentraciones de oxígeno en el agua sobrenadante y en la película superficial del sedimento se encontraron próximas a la de saturación del aire durante los muestreos diurnos (582 µM a las 6 am y de 665 µM a las 2 pm y de subsaturación durante la noche (158 µM. En los sedimentos, los modelos de distribución vertical del Eh y del carbono orgánico fueron muy irregulares debido a la bioperturbación causada por la meio- y macrofauna béntica, ya que su actividad excavadora per-mite que del carbono orgánico superficial pase a las capas más profundas del sedimento. La distribución vertical de la comunidad bacteriana heterotrófica viable parece estar ligada a la hidrodinámica del canal de comunicación y a la heterogeneidad de los sedimentos. En la columna de sedimento, el número total de bacterias heterótrofas variaron entre 6.8 y 20.3 x 10(8 cel cm-3. Los valores más altos de biomasa bacteriana heterótrofa se registraron en los muestreos realizados de día (39.2 µgC.l-1 a las 6 am y 33.4 µgC.l-1 a las 2 pm y los menores durante la noche (9.7µgC. l-1. Las fluctuaciones del número de bacterias viables con diferentes metabolismos respiratorio (aeróbicos, microaerofílicos y anaeróbicos, se pueden explicar por la

Air pollution engineering

Science.gov (United States)

Maduna, Karolina; Tomašić, Vesna

2017-11-01

Air pollution is an environmental and a social problem which leads to a multitude of adverse effects on human health and standard of human life, state of the ecosystems and global change of climate. Air pollutants are emitted from natural, but mostly from anthropogenic sources and may be transported over long distances. Some air pollutants are extremely stable in the atmosphere and may accumulate in the environment and in the food chain, affecting human beings, animals and natural biodiversity. Obviously, air pollution is a complex problem that poses multiple challenges in terms of management and abatements of the pollutants emission. Effective approach to the problems of air pollution requires a good understanding of the sources that cause it, knowledge of air quality status and future trends as well as its impact on humans and ecosystems. This chapter deals with the complexities of the air pollution and presents an overview of different technical processes and equipment for air pollution control, as well as basic principles of their work. The problems of air protection as well as protection of other ecosystems can be solved only by the coordinated endeavors of various scientific and engineering disciplines, such as chemistry, physics, biology, medicine, chemical engineering and social sciences. The most important engineering contribution is mostly focused on development, design and operation of equipment for the abatement of harmful emissions into environment.

Indoor Air Quality

Science.gov (United States)

... protect yourself and your family. Learn more Air Quality at Work Workers should breathe easy while on the job, but worksites with poor air quality put employees at risk. Healthy air is essential ...

Machine & electrical double control air dryer for vehicle air braking system

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Xuan; Yang, Liu; Wang, Xian Yan; Tan, Xiao Yan; Wang, Wei

2017-09-01

As is known to all, a vehicle air brake system, in which usually contains moisture. To solve the problem, it is common to use air dryer to dry compressed air effectively and completely remove the moisture and oil of braking system. However, the existing air dryer is not suitable for all commercial vehicles. According to the operational status of the new energy vehicles in the initial operating period, the structure design principle of the machine & electric control air dryer is expounded from the aspects of the structure and operating principle, research & development process.

Air Conditioning Compressor Air Leak Detection by Image Processing Techniques for Industrial Applications

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pookongchai Kritsada

2015-01-01

Full Text Available This paper presents method to detect air leakage of an air conditioning compressor using image processing techniques. Quality of air conditioning compressor should not have air leakage. To test an air conditioning compressor leak, air is pumped into a compressor and then submerged into the water tank. If air bubble occurs at surface of the air conditioning compressor, that leakage compressor must be returned for maintenance. In this work a new method to detect leakage and search leakage point with high accuracy, fast, and precise processes was proposed. In a preprocessing procedure to detect the air bubbles, threshold and median filter techniques have been used. Connected component labeling technique is used to detect the air bubbles while blob analysis is searching technique to analyze group of the air bubbles in sequential images. The experiments are tested with proposed algorithm to determine the leakage point of an air conditioning compressor. The location of the leakage point was presented as coordinated point. The results demonstrated that leakage point during process could be accurately detected. The estimation point had error less than 5% compared to the real leakage point.

Photochemical air pollution

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Te Winkel, B.H.

1992-01-01

During periods of severe photochemical air pollution (smog) the industry in the Netherlands is recommended by the Dutch government to strongly reduce the emissions of air pollutants. For the electric power generating companies it is important to investigate the adequacy of this policy. The purpose of this investigation is to determine the contribution of electric power plants to photochemical air pollution and to assess the efficacy of emission reducing measures. A literature survey on the development of photochemical air pollution was carried out and modelled calculations concerning the share of the electric power plants to the photochemical air pollution were executed

Air-water screen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Prokopov, O.I.; Kutepov, A.I.

1980-12-08

The air-water screen based on inventor's certificate No. 577364 contains horizontal water and air lines with water and air nozzles. The air line is situated inside the water line eccentrically and contracts it in the area of the nozzle, whose orifices are situated along the line of contact, while the orifices of the water nozzle are situated symmetrically relative to the air orifices and are located at an acute angle to them. To raise the protective properties, on the end of the water line is a lateral nozzle water distributor is an additional nozzle, connected to this container.

THE USE OF AIR LAYERS IN BUILDING ENVELOPES FOR ENERGY SAVING DURING AIR CONDITIONING

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

S. N. Osipov

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Since there are no large natural energy resources in Belarus, energy savings ought to be a point of the special attention. With this regard it is important to develop modern ways of savings during the process of air conditioning inside new buildings with an air layer in the enclosure, especially in translucent ones. The system of ventilation of air layers in the enclosure of a building has been introduced in which air movement is caused by the gravitational and aerodynamic forces. It makes it possible to arrange further ventilation – a natural, forced or a hybrid one. With the purpose of increasing and streamlining natural draught the partitions are used separating the different parts of air layers. For natural ventilation with the use of gravitational forces the holes in the upper and lower parts of the partitions between adjacent air layers are applied. Natural ventilation in the holes of the partitions is regulated by movable shutters, blinds or other adjusting devices. For combined or forced air exchange between adjacent zones of air layers fans are used pumping air from the air layer zones with a higher temperature to zones of air layers with lower temperature and vice versa. When air exchange is forced, in order to intensify the infiltration of air into zones of air layers jets are laid on a hard surface. In order to cool a multi-layered enclosure of a building, where the movement of air between the air layers (that have been formed by internal partitions is being fulfilled by a natural, forced or combined mode, a part of the air or the total air processed inside the building (i.e. conditioned or non-conditioned air cooler as compared with the outside one is being sent to these strata. Combined or forced flow of the air processed inside the building into the air layers is done through the ducts associated with the output channels of the air conditioners. The internal partitions are equipped with the air valve hole.

Current practice of incineration of low-level institutional radioactive waste

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cooley, L.R.; McCampbell, M.R.; Thompson, J.D.

1981-02-01

During 1972, 142 medical and academic institutions were surveyed to assess the current practice of incineration of low-level radioactive waste. This was one activity carried out by the University of Maryland as part of a contract with EG and G Idaho, Inc., to site a radioactive waste incineration system. Of those surveyed, 46 (approximately 32%) were presently incinerating some type of radioactive waste. All were using controlled-air, multistage incinerators. Incinerators were most often used to burn animal carcasses and other biological wastes (96%). The average size unit had a capacity of 113 kg/h. Disposal of liquid scintillation vials posed special problems; eight institutions incinerated full scintillation vials and five incinerated scintillation fluids in bulk form. Most institutions (87%) used the incinerator to dispose of other wastes in addition to radioactive wastes. About half (20) of the institutions incinerating radioactive wastes reported shortcomings in their incineration process; those most often mentioned were: problems with liquid scintillation wastes, ash removal, melting glass, and visible smoke. Frequently cited reasons for incinerating wastes were: less expensive than shipping for commercial shallow land burial, volume reduction, convenience, and closure of existing disposal sites

Simple air collectors for preheating fresh air

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Hensen, J.L.M.; Wit, de M.H.; Ouden, den C.

1984-01-01

In dwellings with mechanical ventilation systems the fresh air can easily be preheated by means of simple solar air systems. These can be an integral part of the building facade or roof and the costs are expected to be low. By means of computer experiments a large number of systems were evaluated.

Performance improvement of air-cooled refrigeration system by using evaporatively cooled air condenser

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hajidavalloo, E.; Eghtedari, H. [Mechanical Engineering Department, Shahid Chamran University, Golestan St., Ahvaz (Iran)

2010-08-15

Increasing the coefficient of performance of air conditioner with air-cooled condenser is a challenging problem especially in area with very hot weather conditions. Application of evaporatively cooled air condenser instead of air-cooled condenser is proposed in this paper as an efficient way to solve the problem. An evaporative cooler was built and coupled to the existing air-cooled condenser of a split-air-conditioner in order to measure its effect on the cycle performance under various ambient air temperatures up to 49 C. Experimental results show that application of evaporatively cooled air condenser has significant effect on the performance improvement of the cycle and the rate of improvement is increased as ambient air temperature increases. It is also found that by using evaporatively cooled air condenser in hot weather conditions, the power consumption can be reduced up to 20% and the coefficient of performance can be improved around 50%. More improvements can be expected if a more efficient evaporative cooler is used. (author)

Evaluation of the adsorption capacity of nano-graphene and nano-graphene oxide for xylene removal from air and their comparison with the standard adsorbent of activated carbon to introduce the optimized one

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Akram Tabrizi

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Introduction: Volatile organic compounds from industrial activities are one of the most important pollutants released into the air and have adverse effects on human and environment. Therefore, they should be removed before releasing into atmosphere. The aim of the study was to evaluate xylene removal from air by nano-grapheme and nano-graphene oxide in comparison with activated carbon adsorbent. Material and Method:  After preparing adsorbents of activated carbon, nano-graphene, and nano-graphene oxide, experiments adsorption capacity in static mode (Batch were carried out in a glass vial. Some variables including contact time, the amount of adsorbent, the concentration of xylene, and the temperature were studied. Langmuir absorption isotherms were used in order to study the adsorption capacity of xylene on adsorbents. Moreover, sample analysis was done by gas chromatography with Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID. Results: The adsorption capacities of activated carbon, nano-graphene oxide and nano-graphene for removal of xylene were obtained 349.8, 14.5, and 490 mg/g, respectively. The results of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM for nano-graphene and nano-graphene oxide showed particle size of less than 100 nm. While, the results of Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM showed particle size of 45nm for nano-graphene and 65 nm for nano-graphene oxide. Also, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD showed cube structure of nano-adsorbents. Conclusion: In constant humidity, increase in exposure time and temperature caused an increase in the adsorption capacity. The results revealed greater adsorption capacity of xylene removal for nano-graphene compared to the activated carbon, and nano-graphene oxide.

Air distribution and ventilation effectiveness in an occupied room heated by warm air

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Krajcik, Michal; Simone, Angela; Olesen, Bjarne W.

2012-01-01

and at different simulated outside conditions, internal heat gains and air change rates. Floor heating was also simulated and compared with the warm air heating system. Vertical air temperature profiles, air velocity profiles and equivalent temperatures were derived in order to describe the thermal environment...... floor heating system was simulated, the cooler ventilation air introduced to the room mixed well and created uniform conditions with a ventilation effectiveness of about 1.......Air distribution, ventilation effectiveness and thermal environment were experimentally studied in a simulated room in a low-energy building heated and ventilated by warm air supplied by a mixing ventilation system. Measurements were performed for various positions of the air terminal devices...